oe f kn ees ea ee GA i me 4 +; ey 7 ee | OF AN EDITION OF THREE HUNDRED AND FIFTY COPIES, IN Two ‘VOLUMES, PRINTED ON IMPORTED MOLD- : _ MADE PAPER, AND THREE COPIES ON IMPE- ae RIAL JAPAN PAPER, AND THAT ALL _ WERE PRINTED IN NINETEEN | HUNDRED AND SEVEN ea ‘ i : ‘ } i hi ‘ AMERICAN) ENGRAVERS PON COPPER AND STEEL 4 » 7 ( ' 7 ' i ‘ . fp’ : ; ime De . % a ry \ ¥ " * M * al } 5 i < , % 4 . - ‘ ee ae oe ey * ; ‘ E fins tae aN $3 w ek ne ms AMERICAN ENGRAVERS UPON COPPER AND STEEL BY DAVID MCNEELY STAUFFER PART I BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES ILLUSTRATED y ee fi 2 ——1%A (\, 2 Mti{e THE GROLIER CLUB OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK 1907 LIST OF PLATES REV. RICHARD MATHER ; Engraved on wood by John Foster, 1648-81. MASSACHUSETTS BILL OF CREDIT Probably engraved by John Conny, 1690 REV. INCREASE MATHER . Engraved by Thomas Ennes, 1701 TITLE TO PLAN OF BOSTON . Engraved by Thomas Johnston, 1708-67 REV. BENJAMIN COLEMAN Engraved by Peter Pelham, 1735 REV. MATTHEW HENRY Engraved by Nathaniel Morse, 1731 REV. JOSEPH SEWALL . c Engraved by Nathaniel Hurd, 1730- 1 REV. ISAAC WATTS : Engraved by James Turner, 1746 HARBESON BILL-HEAD Engraved by Henry Dawkins, obit 116 JOHN HANCOCK : Engraved by Paul Padare! 1735-1818 REV. THOMAS HISCOX . Engraved by Samuel Okey, 1773 JOHN ADAMS : : Engraved by James amie obit 1800 JOHN HANCOCK ; Engraved by John parser: obit 1817 BOOKPLATE: MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOCIETY Engraved by Joseph Callender, 1751-1821 CAPTAIN JAMES COOK . i Engraved by Amos Doolittle, 1764-1889 BOOKPLATE: NEW YORK SOCIETY LIBRARY Engraved by Peter Rushton Maverick, 1755-1811 BATTLE OF BUNKER HILL Engraved by Robert Aitken, 1734-1802 BENJAMIN FRANKLIN . : Engraved by Charles Willson Peale, V741- 1827 GEORGE WASHINGTON . Engraved by Edward Savage, 1761-1817 THOMAS JEFFERSON ps Engraved by Cornelius Tiebout, "1770-1880 () Vii FACING PAGE Q 6 10 LIST OF PLATES FACING PAGE JOHN PHILIP KEMBLE... . mem rie shy ne)’. Engraved by H. H. Houston, ties in the United Staten! 1796-98 THOMAS A. COOPER... . ok Goths ie eee ce Engraved by David Edwin, 1776-1841 REV. JOHN M. MASON... . . 166 Engraved by George Graham, ease Ne in the United States, 1797-1818 WILLIAM SHAKSPERE ... . 2 DSA See ee eee Engraved by Robert Field, obit 1810 PHILIP DORMER STANHOPE, EARL OF CHESTERFIELD .. 182 Engraved by John Scoles, obit 1844 MARQUIS DE LAFAYETTE ee Ee ee ie Engraved by Thomas Clarke, obit 1800 JAMES A. BAYARD... . jolly, SSS) gi Aiea Engraved by Charles B. J. F. de ‘St. ntiataiale 1770-1852 REV. JONATHAN EDWARDS . % 1°55) 32 See Engraved by Abner Reed, 1771-1866 GENERAL CHARLES C. PINCKNEY 20). 35) ee eee eee Engraved by Alexander Anderson, 1775-1870 STEPHEN GIRARD by Porage aaa 0 ha SE ee eee Engraved by William Chance. obit 1820 REV. JOHANN FRIEDERICH SCHMIDT... . . 230 Engraved by John Eckstein, working in the United Stateh, 1806-28 HON. JAMES BOWDOIN. .. . oe) fe. al te a ae Engraved by John Rubens Smith, 1770-1849 ALEXANDER HAMILTON ... . o> ene) aan Engraved by William Satchwell yee 1769-1831 CAPTAIN JAMES LAWRENCE 2 ee te Ee ee Engraved by William Rollinson, 1762-1842 HON. TAPPING REEVE... . PEM Engraved by Peter Maverick, 1730-1881 NAPOLEON, FRANCOIS CHARLES JOSEPH o eS Gi ee Engraved by Thomas Gimbrede, 1781-1832 COLONEL JOHN TRUMBULL... . Pre ee Engraved by Asher Brown Durand, 1796-1886 THE VELVET HAT .. . So Engraved by John F. E. Prud’ ESS, 1800-1888 HON. WILLIAM LEWIS... . . 294 Engraved by Charles Goodman, 1790-1880, and Robert Piggot, 1795-1887 CAPTAIN THOMAS GAMBLE... . 5 pon eee ee Engraved by James Barton Longacre, 1704-1869 THE WOLF AND THE: LAMB... 2.93) 3 ee Engraved by J ohn B. Neagle, 1796-1866 BEATRICE ss ae gg ne Engraved by: ohh Cheney, 1801-85 HON. CHARLES CHAUNCEY . 3.) 5 0s) 53) 2° Engraved by John Sartain, 1808-97 Vill AMERICAN ENGRAVERS Note. The single date indicates approximately the earliest engraved work found. Abernethie, ——_ Adams, Dunlap Aitken, Robert Akin, James Akin, Mrs. Jas. Allen, Joel Allen, L. Allerdice, Samuel Anderson, Alexander Anderson, Hugh Anderson, W. Anderton, G. Andrews, Joseph Annin, Wm. B. Annin & Smith Archer, James Armstrong, Wm. G. Atwood, W. B., J. W. Babson, R. Baker, I. H. Baker, John Balch, Vistus Bannerman, J. Bannerman, W. W. Bannister, James Barber, Chas. E. Barber, John W. Barber, William Barker, William Barnard, W. S. Barralet, Jno. Jas. Bassett, W. H. Bateman, William Bather, George Bather, Geo., Jr. Baulch, A. V. Beau, John Anthony Beckwith, Henry Bennett, Wm. Jas. Best, E. S. Billings, A. Billings, Joseph 1785 1764 1734-1802 1773-1846 1808 1755-1825 1782 —1798 1775-1870 1811 1855 1828-1890 1805-1873 1813 1823 1834 1823-1880+ 1840 1812 1860 1860 1832 1799 -1884 1800 1829 1840 1840-1892+ 1798-1885 1807-1879 1795 1845 1747-1815 1820 1774 1850 -1890 1869 1770 1842 1787-1844 1826-1880}: 1801 1770 Birch, —— Birch, 'Thomas Birch, William Blake, Wm. W. Blyth, B. Bogardus, James Bolen, J. G. Bolton, J. B. Bona-Parte Bonar, T, Booth, T. D. Boudier, Bowen, Abel Bower, John Bowes, Joseph Boyd, John Boynton, G. W. Bracket, Miss H. V. Bridport, Hugh Brooks, —— Brown, Benjamin Brown, Geo. L. Bruen, R. C. Bruff, Chas. O. Bruls, M. G. de Brunton, Richard Buell, Abel Bull, Martin Burgis, William Burnap, Daniel Burt, Charles Butler, —— Butler, J. M. Buttre, Jno. C. Cade, J. J. Callender, Benj. Callender, Joseph Campbell, A. G. & J. K. Campbell, Robert Capewell, Samuel Carey, Peyton Cario, Michael Carpenter, B. 1X 1789 1779-1851 1755-1834 1848 1740-17824 1800-1874 1840 1841 1800 1850 1830 1800 1790-1850 1810 1796 1811 1842 1816 1794-1837 1800 1812 1814-1889 1820 1770 1759 1781 1742-1825 1744-1825 1717 1800 1823-1892 1835 1850 1821-1893 1860 1773-1856 1751-1821 1860 1806 1860 1810 1736 1855 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS Carson, C. W. Casilear, Jno. W. Chambers, R. Chapin, William Chapman, Conrad W. Chapman, Jno. G. Chapman, Jno. L. Charles, William Cheney, B. & T. Cheney, John Cheney, Seth W. Childs, Cephas G. Chorley, John Chubb, T. Y. Chubbuck, Thomas Clark, A. Clark, James Clarke, Thomas Classen, Wm. M. Clay, Edward W. Claypoole, James, Jr. Clemens, Isaac Clover, Lewis P. Cobb, G. Collard, W. Cone, Joseph Conn, James Conny, John Cook, T. B. Cooke, Geo. Cooke, Joseph Copley, Jno. S. Coram, T. Cross, A. B. Cross, P. F. Cushman, Geo. H. Cushman, Thos. H. Daggett, Alfred Dainty, S. Danby, J. Danforth, M. I. Darby, J. G. Darley, F. O. C. Davies, C. W. Dawes, H. M. Dawkins, Henry Dearborn, Nathaniel Deeley, C. Delaney, J. E. Delliker, George Delnoce, Luigi Dewing, Francis Dick, Alex. L Dodson, R. W. Doney, T. Doolittle, Amos Doolittle, Samuel 1848 1811-1893 1820 1802-1888 1860 1808-1890 1860 -1820 1781 1801-1885 1810-1856 1793-1871 1818 1860 1860 1825 1840 1797 1840 1792-1857 1761 1776 1819-1864} 1800 1340 1814 1771 1702 1809 1816 1789 1737-1815 1779 1840 1856 1814-1876 1840 1835 1840 1822 1800-1862 1838 1822-1888 1854.-1901+ 1811 1754 1786-1852 1835 1850 1817 1855 1716 1805—1850+ 1812-1867 1845 1754-1832 1804 Doolittle & Munson Dorsey, Jno. Syng Doty & Jones Dougal, W. H. Draper, John Drayton, J. Dresher, A. Dudensing, R. Duffield, Edward Dunlap, William Dunnel, E. G. Dunnel, Wm. N. Durand, Asher B. Durand, Cyrus Durand, John Durand, Theodore Durand, William Duthie, James Earle, J. Eckstein, John Eddy, Isaac Eddy, James Edwards, S. Arent Edwin, David Emmes, Thomas Engelman, C. F. Entzing-Miller, T. M. Exilious, John G. Fairchild, L. Fairman, David Fairman, Gideon Fairman, Richard Farmer, John Felch, Feters, W. T. Field, Robert Fitch, John - Folwell, Samuel Forrest, Ion B. Fosette, H. Foster, C. Foster, John Fowle, E. A. Fox, Gilbert Frederick, John L. Freeman, Freeman, E. O. Freeman, W. H. French, Edwin Davis Furness, John M. Furst, Moritz 1842 1783-1818 1830 1808-1853 1801 1820 1860, —1899 1756 1766-1839 1847 1845 1796-1886 1787-1868 1792-1820 1835 1850 1850 1876 1806 1812 1827 1862— 1776-1841 1810 1844 1821 1845 1701 1814 1850 1810 1800-1840} 1782-1815 1774-1827 1788-1821 1798-1859 1855 1820 ~1819 1743-1798 1765-1813 1814-1870 1850 1841 1648-1681 1848 1776 -1806+ 1818 1816 1850 1830 1851— 1785 1782—1834+t AMERICAN ENGRAVERS Gil 1812 Galland, John 1796 Gallaudet, Edward 1809-1847 Gallaudet, Elisha 1730-1800+ Gandolfi, Mauro 1771-1834 Garden, Francis 1745 Gauk, James 1799 Gavin, H. 1796 Gavitt, John E. 1817-1874 Gaw, R. M. 1829 Gil, Geronimo A. 1732-1798 Giles, Chas. 'T. 1827-1900+ Gillingham, E. 1819 Gilman, John W. 1741-1823 Gimber, Stephen 1830 Gimber, Stephen, Jr. 1845 Gimbrede, Jos. Napoleon 1820 Gimbrede, Thomas 1781-1832 Girardet, P. 1857 Girsch, F. 1850 Gladding, K. C. 1825 Glover, D. L. 1850 Gobrecht, Christian 1785-1844 Godwin, Abraham 1763-1835 Goldthwait, G. H. 1842 Goodall, Al. G. 1826-1887 Goodman, Charles 1790-1830 Graham, A. W. 71834 Graham, George 1797 Graham, P. P. 1870 Gray & Todd 1817 — Greenwood, John 1727-1792 Gridley, Enoch G. 1803 Gross, J. 1834 Haines, D. 1820 Haines, William 1802 Halbert, A. 1835 Hall, Alfred B. 1842-1900+ Hall, Alice, 1847 -1900+ Hall, Chas. B. 1840-1905}: Hall, Geo. R. 1818— Hall, Henry B. 1808-1884 Hall, H. B., Jr. -1900+ Hall, Peter 1828-1895 Halpin, Frederick 1805-1842} Halpin, John 1850 - Hamlin, Wm. 1772-1869 Hamm, Phineas F. 1825 Hammond, J. T. 1839 Hanks, O. G. 1838 Harris, James 1850 Harris, Samuel 1783-1810 Harrison, Charles 1840 Harrison, Chas. P. 1783 -—1850+ Harrison, David 1870 Harrison, Richard 1820 Harrison, Rich. G. 1814 Harrison, Rich. G., Jr. Harrison, Samuel Harrison, William Harrison, Wm., Jr. Harrison, Wm. F. Hartman, C. Hatch, Geo. W. Hatch, L. J. Havell, Robert Hay, de W. C. Hay, William Hay, Wm. H. Henry, John Herbert, Lawrence Hewitt, Hill, James Hill, John Hill, John Henry Hill, John Wm. Hill, Samuel Hiller, J., Jr. - Hills, J. H. se Hingston, —— Hinman, D. C. Hinschelwood, Robert Hobart, Elijah Hollyer, Samuel Hoogland, William Hooker, William Hopkins, Daniel Hoppin, Thos. F. Horner, T. Horton, —— Houlton, J. House, ‘Timothy Houston, H. H. Howe, Z. ; Humphreys, F’. Humphrys, William Hunt, Samuel V. Huntington, E. Hurd, E. Hurd, Nathaniel Hutt, John Hutton, Isaac & George Hutton, J. Iilman Bros. Iilman, G. Illman, H. Illman Sons Illman, Thomas Illman & Pilbrow Jackman, W. G. Jackson, —— Jarvis, Jno. W. Jenckes, Joseph 1860 1789-1818 -1803 1797 1831 1850 1805-1867 1875 1815 1850 1819 1826 1793 1748 1820 1803 1770-1850 1839 — 1812-1879 1789 1794 1845 1820 1830 1812-1860} —1863 1826—- 1815 1805 1783 1816-—1850+ 184.4 1830 1796 —1865 1796 1797 1850 1794-1865 1803-1893 1828 1840 1730-1777 1774 1796 1825 1860 1855 1855 1845 1824 1836 1841 1826 1780-1839 1602-1683 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS Jennys, Rich., Jr. Jewett, Chas. A. Jocelyn, Nathaniel Jocelyn, Simeon S. Johnson, David G. Johnson, W. T. Johnston, David C. Johnston, ‘Thos. Jones, Alfred Jones, A. L. Jones, Benjamin Jones, Fitz-E.id. Jones, R. S. Jones, Wm. R. Jordan, Henry Justice, Joseph Kearny, Francis Keenan, William Kellogg, J. G. Kelly, J. Kelly, Thomas Kennedy, James Kensett, Jno. F. Kensett, Thos. Kernan, F. G. Kershaw, J. M. Key, F.C. Key, William H. Kidder, J. Kimberly, Denison Kimmel, P. K. King, G. B. King, James S. Kinsey, Nathaniel, Jr. Kirk, John Kneass, William Knight, T. Koevoets, H. & C. Kosh, A. E. Kupfer, R. Lamb, Anthony Lamb, John Lang, Geo. S. Lavigne, Lawrence, W. S. Lawson, Alex. Lawson, Helen E. Lawson, Oscar A. Leach, Samuel Le Count & Hammond Leddel, Joseph, Jr. Lee, Homer Leggett, R. Lehman, George Lemet, L. Leney, Wm. S. 1774 1816-1878 1796-1881 1799-1879 1831 1850 1797-1865 1708-1767 1819-1900 1845 1793 1854 1873 1810 1836 1804 1780-1833} 1830 1850 1851 1795-1841 1797 1818-1872 1786-1829 1870 1850 1850 1864 1813 1814.— 1850 1830 1852 1854 -1862 1781-1840 1856 1870 1838-1897 1865 1760 1756 1799 -1883+ 1814 1840 1773-1846 1830 1813-1854 1741 1840 1752 1855 -1903+ 1870 1769-1831 Lepelletier, — Lewis, J. Lewis, J. O. Lincoln, Jas. S. Longacre, Jas. B. Love, G. Lovett, Robert Lowe, R. Lownes, Caleb Lybrand, J. M., J. Maas, Jacob McCabe, E. McCarthy, —— McCluskey, Wm. McGoffin, John McLellan, H. B. McRae, John C. Mackensie, E. Macklow, J. Main, William Major, Jas. Parsons Malcolm, Jas. P. Manly, John ' Manzo, José Marchant, B. Mare, John de Marsac, Harvey Marsh, Wm. R. Marshall, Marshall, Wm. E. Martin, D. Martin, E. Martin, J. B. Martin, Robert Mason, Alva Mason, D. H. Mason, Wm. G. Maverick, Ann Maverick, Emily Maverick, Maria A. Maverick, Peter Maverick, Peter, Jr. Maverick, Peter R. Maverick, Samuel Maverick, Samuel R. Maxon, Charles Meadows, C. Meadows, R. M. Medairy & Bannerman Merchant, G. W. Meyer, Henry H. Meyrick, Richard Middleton, Thomas Moffat, J. Molineux, —— Montgomery, R. 1814 1780 1815 1811-1887 1794-1869 1807 1816 1838 1775 1820 1758 1824 1855 1860 1845 1813-1883 1860 1855 1833 1833 1821 1818-1900 1767-1815 1790 1789-1840 1816 1850 1834 1833 1804 1837-1900} 1796 1826 1822 1860 1819 1805 1822 1840 1830 1830 1780-1831 1840 1755-1811 1824 1835 1833 1850 1817 1828 1834 1834 1729 1814 1830 1831 1781 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS Moore, Isaac W. Moore, T. Morgan, Geo. T. Morin, J. F. Morse, Hazen Morse, Nathaniel Morse & Tuttle Mote, W. H. Mottram, C. Mould, J. B. Mulliken, Jonathan Mumford, E. W. Munger, George Munson, S. B. Murphy, —— Murray, George Murray, John Neagle, James Neagle, John B. Nesmith, J. H. Newcomb, D. Newman, B. F. Newsam, Albert Nichols, Fred. B. Norman, John O’Brien, R. O’Neill, John A. Oakley, F. F. Oertel, Johan A. Okey, Samuel Ormsby, W. L. Osborn, M. Osborn, Milo - Ostrander, P. Otis, Bass Ourdan, Jos. J. P. Ourdan, Jos. P. Ourdan, Vincent Le C. Page, William Palmer, J. Papprill, Henry Paquet, Anthony C. Paradise, Jno. W. Parker, Chas. H. Parker, George Parkyns, Geo. I. Paul, E. Peabody, M. M. Peale, Chas. W. Pease, Jos. I. Pease, Richard H. Peasley, A. M. Pekenino, Michele Pelham, Henry Pelham, Peter Pelton, Oliver 1831 1845 1845-1892; 1825 1824 -1748 1840 1835 1855 1830 1780 1835 1783-1824 1830 1807 -1822 1776 1770-1822 1796-1866 1805 1820 1860 1809-1864 1894-1905 1748-1817 1823-1901} 1765 1809-1883 1812 1836 1850 1784-1861 1803-1874 1828-1881 1855— 1811-1885 1826 1849 1814-1882 1809 —1862 1795-1819 1832 1795 1855 1823 1741-1827 1809 —1883 1857 1804 1821 1749 —1806 -1751 1799 -1860+ Perine, Geo. E. Perkins, E. G. Perkins, Jacob Perkins, Joseph Phillibrowne, Thomas Phillips, Charles Picart, B. Pierpont, Benj., Jr. Piggot, Robert Platt, H. Plocher, Jacob J. Pollock, T. Porter, J. T. Posselwhite, Geo. W. Poupard, James Price, George Prud@homme, J. F. E. Punderson, L. S. Pursell, Henry Pursell, Quarre, F. Radcliffe, C. Ralph, W. Rawdon, Freeman Rawdon, Ralph Reason, Philip H. Reed, Abner Reich, John Reiche, F. Revere, Paul Reynolds, ‘Thomas Rice, E. A. Rice, James R. Rice, W. W. Richardson, S. Ridgway, W. Riley, Ritchie, Alex. Hay Roberts, Roberts, John Robertson, Robertson, W. Robin, Augustus Robinson, —— Robinson, W. Roche, Rogers, John Rollinson, Charles Rollinson, Wm. Rolph, J. A. Romans, Bernard Rosenthal, Albert Rosenthal, Max Rost, Christian Rothwell, J. Ruggles, E., Jr. 1837-1885 1831 1766-1849 1788-1842 1834 1842 1800 1778 1795-1887 1832 —1820 1839 1815 1822-1899} 1774 1826-1864} 1800-1888 1850 1775 1820 1850 1805 1794 1804-1860} 1813 1850 1771-1866 1806 1795 1735-1818 1786 1845 1824-18764 1846 1795 1854 1800 1822-18864: 1841 1768-1803 1815 1831 1870 1815 1830 1791 1808-1888 1808 1762-1848 1834 1720-1784: 1863— 1833-— 1850 1841 1790 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS St. Memin, C. B. J. F. de Sacheverell, John Sadd, H. S. Sanford, I. Sartain, Emily Sartain, Henry Sartain, John Sartain, Samuel Sartain, Wm. Saulnier, H. E. Savage, Edward Savory, —— Saxton, Joseph Scacki, Francisco Schlecht, Charles Schoff, Stephen A. Schoff, P. R. Schofield, Louis S. Schoyer, Raphael Schwartz, C. Scoles, John Scot, Robert Scott, Joseph T. Sealey, Alfred Serz, J. Seymour, Jos. H. Seymour, Samuel Shallus, Francis Sharpe, C. W. Sherman & Smith Sherratt, Thomas Shields & Hammond Shipman, Charles Shirlaw, Walter Shotwell, H. C. Simmone, T. Simmons, Joseph Simpson, M. Skinner, Charles Smillie, James Smillie, Jas. D. Smillie, Wm. C. Smillie, Wm. M. Smith, C. H. Smith, G. Smith, Geo. G. Smith, H. W. Smith, John R. Smith, R. K. Smith, Sidney L. Smith, Wm. D. Smither, James Smither, Jas., Jr. Snyder, H. W. Soper, R. F. Sparrow, T. Spenceley, J. W. 1770-1852. 1732 1840 1783 1841-1905+ 1833-1895 1808-1897 1830-1905+ 1843 -1906+ 1830 1761-1817 1830 1790-1873 1815 1843-1905+ 1818-1905 1850 1868 —1905+ 1824. 1814 1793 1783 1795 1862 1878 1791 1797 1821 1850 1841 1870 1840 1768 1838-1906} 1853 1814 1765 1855 1867 1807-1885 1833-1906}; 1813-1899+- 1835-1888 1855 1790 1858 1828-1879 1770-1849 1824 1845 —1906+ 1829 1768 1803 1797 1831 1770 1865 -1906+ Spencer, Asa Spencer, W. H. Stalker, E. Steel, Alfred B. Steel, J. Steel, James W. Steeper, John Stiles, Samuel Stoddart, G. Stone, Henry Stone, Wm. J. Stone, Mrs. W. J. Storm, G. F. Story, Thomas C. Stout, Geo. H. Stout, James D. Stout, James V. Strickland, Wm. Stuart, F. T. Swett, C. A. Tanner, Benjamin Tanner, Henry S. Tappan, W. H. Taylor, T. Teel, E. Terril, Israel Terrill Bros. Terry, W. D. Thackara, Thackara, James Thackara, Wm. W. Thew, Robert Thompson, Thompson, D. G. Thompson, J. D. Thornhill, —— Thornton, William Throop, D.S. Throop, J. V.N. Throop, O. H. Tiebout, Cornelius Tiller, Robert Tiller, Robert, Jr. Tisdale, Elkanah Todd, A. Topham, Toppan, Charles Torrey, C. C. Trenchard, E. C. Trenchard, James Tripler, H. E. Tucker, Wm. E. Tully, Christopher Turner, James Tuthill, W. H. Underwood, Thomas XIV ~-1847 1825 1815 1850 1850 1799-1879 1762 1830 1835 1826 1822 1840 1834 1837 1830 1813 1834 1787-1854 1850 1860 1775-1848 1786-1858 1840 1860 1830-1859 1806 1868 1836 1775 1767-1848 1791-1839 1850 1834 -1870 1860 1810 1761-1827 1824 1835 1825 -1830 1818 1828 1771-18344 1812 1852 1796-18684; 1815 1798 1777 1850 1801-1857 1795-1849 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS Valdenuit, Valentine, Elias Vallance, John Verger, P. C. Vernon, T. Wagner, H. S. Wagner, William Wagstaff, C. E. Walter, Adam B. Warner, C. J. Warner, Geo. D. Warner, William Warnicke, Jno. G. Warr, John Warr, John, Jr. Warr, W. W. Warren, A. C. Watts, J. W. Wells, J. Welch, Thomas B. Wellmore, E. Wellstood, James Wellstood, Jno. G. Wellstood, Wm. Weston, Henry W. Westwood, Charles Whelpley, P. M. White, Geo. H. White, G. I. 1796 1810 —1823 1796 1853 1850 1820 1840 1820-1875 1796 1791 1813-1848 -1818 1821 1825 1830 1819-1904 1850 1836 1814-1874 1834 1855-1880 1813-1889+ 1819-1900 1803 1851 1845 1870 1825 White, Thomas S. Whitechurch, Robert Wiggin, J. Wightman, Thomas Wilcox, J. A. J. Willard, Asaph Williams, E. G. & Bro. Williams, H. Willson, J. Wilmer, Wm. A. Wilson, Alexander Wilson, D. W. Wilson, James Wilson, W. W. Wise, Wissler, Jacques Wood, J. Woodcock, T. S. Woodruff, Wm. Woodward, E. F. Wooley, Wm. Worship, —— Wright, C. C. Wright, G. Wright, Joseph Wrightson, J. Yeager, Joseph Young, James H. Young & Delleker XV 1734 1814-1883+ 1810 1802 1875 1819 1880 1819 1800 1834 1766-1813 1825 1813 1850 1850 1803-1887 1826 1830 1817 1839 1800 1815 ~1854 1837 1756-1793 1860 1815 1817 1840 PREFACE THE following notes upon about seven hundred Ameri- can engravers wpon copper and steel, are presented to those interested with a full sense of probable omissions and possible errors of statement. Some years have been spent in gathering the necessary material from many and widely scattered sources. In the absence of any col- lected literature upon this subject, a close study of many thousands of the earlier American engravings has been made the foundation of this series of sketches, and the information thus secured has been supplemented by whatever could be gathered ‘from the newspapers, di- rectories, and other publications of the period, and by correspondence with the descendants of engravers. In this connection, the writer would eapress his deep obliga- tion to those whose interest in this work has induced them to courteously place at his disposal such pertinent ma- terial as came to their hands from time to time. There are many books treating of foreign engravers and their work; but with scarcely an exception the writ- ers of these books ignore the existence of the art of en- graving in America. The reason for much of this neg- lect is apparent. The great majority of the.early Ameri- can engravers were relatively obscure men; many of xvil PREFACE them were gold- and silver-smiths, only working wpon copper to meet a limited local demand, and the resultant prints rarely found their way across the sea. As a mat- ter of fact, the only record we have of the eaistence, as engravers, of a number of these early men is the few im- pressions of a plate accidentally preserved. But as a record of men and events connected with our early his- tory, and as marking the evolution of the art wpon this continent, even these crude efforts are interesting and historically important. | The sketches themselves are confined to such detail of the professional life of the engraver as could be found; and when the subject of the sketch is known for what he has accomplished in another field, this fact is simply noted. As before stated, the prints themselves, and their signatures, dates, and publishers form the basis of these studies; and as the engravers of bank-notes rarely signed their work, a number of worthy engravers of this class have doubtless been overlooked. The American painter-etcher, as a rule, has been purposely omitted, as not properly coming within the scope of the present work. The purpose of the writer, in gathering this material, has been two-fold. In the first place, he here attempts at least a beginning in the historical preservation of the names of many men who worked in an humble but ear- nest manner in establishing in this country the art of en- graving upon metal; and a number of the American successors of these pioneers achieved honorable distinc- tion as engravers, and their work is well worthy of rec- ord for its intrinsic merit. In the second place, the XViil PREFACE writer trusts that his labors may be of use to those inter- ested in the preservation and study of early American engravings. T'o the end that this record may be extended and corrected, the writer would be deeply indebted for any further detail concerning the men here noted, or for information as to new men. DAVID MCNEELY STAUFFER. Yonkers, N. Y., July 1, 1905. XIX Das) oe rp Eh PRT HK Erg hate ema ein Sy sityate SF ae i geaoenbprsin: 9 oe Re. Ase a he‘ 2 Re oe = i a | cd ‘ ‘ ; i =) : t Ls Es : ; ’ Beery 4 * y + i % “ie ty, > ® eh vk é “4 axtihs i re. a .* 4 vided t 3 SE ‘bg * See arene he 2 ss sare) Ye . + x BA 1 a Ke # : & w ¥ 5 : : : a ‘¢ 12 wi - Sah S 1 ” ee a . I cae > A ~ wea) ‘ ely “ a) ’ o a om ta 4 . r.% <“f id * as f fit vf See > 4 yl 2 48 f et s we. a ? 4p ee? ; baa lance ‘ eh ters 4% ; ” Go OE ‘my Tey Bears ’ ‘ ‘ , ‘ r : : hor | wy “€. eo ee Vay 2 ey. % a NOTES UPON COPPERPLATE ENGRAVING IN THE UNITED STATES It is impossible to definitely state when and where the first attempt was made to engrave upon wood or metal on the North American continent, or in that part of it now known as the United States. For political reasons, those controlling Colonial affairs forbade the establish- ment of the printing-press upon these shores for nearly a century after the first settlement. And, in fact, there was very little demand for printing or engraving until after the wilderness had been in some measure con- quered, and until permanent communities of consider- able importance had been established. Basing the statement solely upon such evidence as has been preserved, we can only say that one Joseph Jenckes is credited with having cut the dies for the Pine-tree Shilling of 1652, at the Lynn iron-works in the Colony of Massachusetts Bay; and John Foster, who established the first printing-press in Boston, engraved upon wood a portrait of the Rev. Richard Mather, which appears as a frontispiece to a life of that divine published at Cam- bridge, New England, in 1670. But the scarcity of metallic money among the early colonists, and the necessary issue of a paper currency to meet this condition, probably created the first serious demand for the work of a copperplate engraver. The Xx1 NOTES Colony of Massachusetts Bay authorized the issue of a paper currency in 1690—the first among the American Colonies to thus relieve its monetary wants: and, judg- ing from the crude character of the notes then circulated, the plate was engraved by some silversmith trained to engrave script, arms, and ornament upon silver-plate or pewter platters. This Massachusetts paper money was counterfeited almost as soon as issued; and this fact is sufficient evidence that the Colonial authorities did not employ all the engraving talent then available in New England. The simplicity of design and the coarseness of execution made imitation easy; and the early records of Massachusetts Bay teem with complaints against this fraudulent money; and that the Colonial Treasury might distinguish the good from the bad, it was compelled to resort to secret marks and to peculiar sequences and ar- rangement of the names signed to its own notes. In this early paper money of Massachusetts the en- graved portion included a more or less ornamental head- line of scroll-work, the seal of the Colony, and script setting forth the authority, place and date of issue and the denomination. The back of the first issue was left blank; the top edge of the note was “indented,” and each was signed by three members of a specially appointed committee. The immediate effect of the circulation of the fraudu- lent money referred to was an attempt to improve the suc- cessive issues of the Treasury’s notes. The money of 1702 shows a more complicated design in the seal and the script is better engraved than is the money of 1690; in 1718 the back of the bill was decorated with a very ornate cypher; the notes of 1736 are almost above criticism in the script-engraving and ornamentation; and the issues of 1742 and 1744 are so well engraved throughout that there is a strong probability that these plates were made in England. XXxli NOTES The first copperplate engraver of record in the Ameri- ean Colonies is John Conny, a goldsmith and silversmith of Boston. Conny made the plates for the Massachusetts “bills of credit” of 1702, as is shown by the records of the colony; and there is sufficient similarity between this issue and the earlier one of 1690, to make it probable that he engraved the plates for that bill as well. But the first man to attempt the engraving of a portrait upon copper seems to be Thomas Emmes, of Boston, who in 1701 little more than scratched upon that metal a copy of an English engraving of the Rev. Increase Mather, which was used as a frontispiece to a sermon of that worthy published in Boston in that year. Foster, Conny and Emmes were all doubtless New England men by birth: but in 1715 there arrived in Bos- ton, probably from London, one Francis Dewing, who advertised his varied accomplishments as follows: “He engraveth and Printeth Copper Plates. Likewise Coats of Arms and Cyphers on Silver Plate. He likewise cuts neatly in Wood and Printeth Callicoes.” This notice shows the combination of the copperplate engraver with the decorator of silver-plate; and the last clause in the notice refers to the repeating designs then cut upon heavy blocks of pear-wood, and used in hand-printing with dyes upon cotton cloth. In 1722 Dewing engraved a large plan of the town of Boston, which was probably the first engraving of its class made in this country; though the Hubbard map of New England, published in 1677 and credited to John Foster, antedates it as a ‘map engraved upon wood. About this time, at least two other American-born en- gravers were working in Boston. These were Thomas Johnston, born in that town in 1708, who was doing some good work in 1729; and Nathaniel Morse, who en- graved a respectable copperplate portrait published in 1781. ere also engraved the plates for some of the XXxiil NOTES early Massachusetts money. But the first man who pro- duced a really meritorious portrait plate in this country was undoubtedly Peter Pelham, who painted and then engraved in mezzotint, in 1727, a portrait of the Rev. Cotton Mather. By a curious coincidence, this is the third member of this famous New England family to find a place in our record of the earliest portraits en- graved in America. While the other engravers mentioned were self-taught, or engraved on copper simply as a branch of the silver- smith’s trade, Pelham was a thoroughly trained engraver in mezzotint, had engraved many portraits of notable people, and had achieved considerable fame as an en- graver before some now unknown cause induced him to leave London, and its field for profitable employment, to cast his lot with the people of Boston. And Pelham’s departure for New England so far removed him from his contemporaries that, until corrected by the late Mr. Whitmore, English writers upon the art of engraving assumed that he died about 17380, or just about the time that he disappeared from London. ‘They were ignorant of the fact that he remarried in Boston, taught school, and painted and engraved portraits in that city until his death, which actually occurred in 1751. This mention of Pelham suggests the remark that mezzotint engraving is not of such recent date in the United States as some writers upon the subject assume. As noted above, the first really good portrait plate pro- duced in America was a mezzotint; and about this same date William Burgis scraped a rather poor mezzotint view of the lighthouse near Boston; and the stepson of Peter Pelham—the later famous artist John Singleton Copley—about 1765, made at least one mezzotint por- trait, that of the Rev. William Welsteed. Somewhat later than this, we have the respectable mezzotint work of Richard Jennys and Samuel Okey, in 1773 and 1774, XXIV NOTES and that of Charles Willson Peale in 1787, and of Ed- ward Savage in 1791. In the quarter century just preceding the outbreak of the American Revolution there was a somewhat rapid in- crease in the number of engravers in the Colonies; though the volume of work was not large, including a few por- traits, some views of prominent buildings, and maps, book-plates, bill-heads, and engraved music. In addition to the names already mentioned, we note for this period the following men among the recognized engravers: In the New England section, James Turner, Nathaniel Hurd, Paul Revere, Joseph Callender, and Amos Doo- little; in New York, Michel Godhart de Bruls, Elisha Gallaudet, Peter Rushton Maverick, and Bernard Ro- mans; and in Philadelphia, Henry Dawkins, John Steeper, James Claypoole, Jr., James Smither, John Norman, James Poupard, and Robert Aitken. Some of these men do not appear as engravers until 1775; and others, as Dawkins, Turner, and Norman, worked at different times in several colonies. In the Southern Colonies, prior to the Revolution, the printing-press and what pertained to it found little en- couragement, and book-plates and other minor engraved work usually came from England. Prior to 1775 we find but one engraver located south of the Mason and Dixon Line; Thomas Sparrow, of Annapolis, who en- graved title-pages, book-plates, and some woodcuts, and conspicuously signed his name to the plates for the Maryland paper money of 1770-74. The only other Southern engraver approaching the date of 1775 is Thomas Coram, of Charleston, S. C., who designed and engraved the plates for the South Carolina money of 1779. With the outbreak of the Revolution a popular de- mand arose for other portraits than those of clergymen and college benefactors: and to this event we are indebted XXV NOTES for the Samuel Adams of Revere and Okey, the John Hancock by Revere, the early portraits of Washington, and the remarkable series of American generals and statesmen engraved by John Norman. To these we should add the battle scenes of Romans and Doolittle and early maps of the seat of war. With scarcely an ex- ception these patriotic efforts were exceedingly crude in design and execution and are now only prized for their historical interest and their relative rarity. The peace of 1782, and the consequent fairly rapid development of the American States, brought some en- couragement to the fine arts in the new republic. But so far as engraving was concerned this movement was slow. It was not until 1794 that a meritorious plate of any de- scription was engraved, for the first time in our art his- tory, by a man born on American soil and regularly — trained as a professional engraver. 'This honor belongs to Cornelius Tiebout, a native of New York and the descendant of a Dutch-Huguenot ancestor who settled on Long Island in the seventeenth century. This claim is made with all due regard for the creditable portraits engraved by Charles Willson Peale and Edward Savage several years before Tiebout published his John Jay in London. Both Peale and Savage were Americans by birth, and both were trained to engrave in England; but while Peale and Savage did comparatively little engrav- ing and were actually portrait-painters, Tiebout devoted his life to producing and publishing prints. The life record of Cornelius 'Tiebout is somewhat ob- scure. We know that he was engraving in line in New York as early as 1789, and that he went to London with the purpose of learning to engrave under competent masters of the art. 'Tiebout made excellent use of his op- portunities and became a very good stipple-engraver, abandoning the line work of his earlier period. In De- cember, 1794, he engraved and published in London his XXV1 NOTES large print of the ““Anthophile,” after a painting by J. Green; and in April, 1795, he published in the same city his quarto portrait of John Jay. Tiebout returned to the United States in 1796; established himself in business in New York, and then in Philadelphia, as a professional engraver, and his name is signed to a large number of important plates. Tiebout, however, soon after his arrival here, found two formidable rivals in the production of portraits in stipple, in the person of the Irishman, Houston, who was engraving in Philadelphia in 1796; and in David Kd- win, the son of an English comedian of some reputation, who came to the same city in 1797. Houston apparently soon returned to England; but Edwin remained in the United States and became one of the most prolific and popular portrait engravers of his period. After 1800 the number of engravers in the United States increases too rapidly for separate mention in this place, and there was a marked advance in the quality of the work performed. This double gain may be accounted for in several ways. The few good engravers now estab- lished in the country soon gathered pupils about them and taught others to engrave. ‘Then, too, there was a rapidly growing demand for good illustrative work in the magazines started, such as the “Port Folio” and the “Analectic,” and in the many American reprints of standard English books. These books were generally illustrated by well-engraved copperplates, which were copied, and served as excellent models for our own en- gravers. Among these reprints one of the earliest and most important was the American edition of Rees’ Ency- clopedia, published by Thomas Dobson, of Philadelphia, in 1794-1808. This publication appeared in many vol- umes, and the amount of illustrative work was so great that the names signed to the plates included about all the engravers then actively employed in the United States. XXvil NOTES Bank-note work had a very considerable influence upon the advancement of engraving in this country in the first quarter of the last century. In 1810 the Ameri- can, Jacob Perkins, devised means for substituting steel for copper in the engraved bank-note plate; thus provid- ing a material that admitted of much finer work and at the same time vastly prolonged the useful life of the plate itself. Perkins, Cyrus Durand, and other ingenious Americans invented or improved the transfer-press, geometrical lathe, and other mechanical appliances use- ful in bank-note work, and so cheapened the process that a decided impetus was given to the business—especially as this was an era of paper money in the States. Bank- note engraving establishments sprang into existence in all our larger cities; and as the engraving of the vignettes and the ornamentation and lettering of the plates de- manded the highest grade of work and furnished regular and profitable employment, we find that practically all the trained line-engravers during the first half century were thus engaged at some period in their professional career. Among these we may note such well-known names as Armstrong, Bannister, Burt, Casilear, Dan- forth, Hatch, Alfred Jones, Pease, Schoff, and the Smillies. Even the master among American line-en- gravers, Asher B. Durand, was for some time engaged in the manufacture of bank-notes, in association with his brother, Cyrus Durand, and with C. C. Wright and Joseph Perkins. By the middle of the last century American bank-note engraving had become deservedly famous throughout the world; much work was done for foreign govern- ments, and in this class of work our engravers are still preéminent. Another considerable field for the early American engraver was opened by the publication of the once popular and handsomely illustrated Annuals, first XXVili NOTES issued by the Ackermans, of London. ‘These books con- tained small landscape plates, ideal heads, and subject plates usually beautifully engraved in line after the paintings of foreign or American artists. It is among these small Annual plates, engraved by such men as A. B. Durand, John Cheney, Danforth, Prud’homme, and others that we find some of the most pleasing and best examples of pure line work executed in the United States. | James Barton Longacre, a designer, engraver and print-publisher of Philadelphia, also had a part in rais- ing the standard of engraving in this country. In 18382, in connection with James Herring, Longacre undertook the publication of “The National Portrait Gallery,” a collection of portraits and brief biographies of prominent American warriors and statesmen. In planning this work the standard of excellence in the engraved portraits was set so high that the promoters of the enterprise were - unable to find a sufficient number of skilled engravers to supply the plates in the time required. To meet this emergency they induced trained engravers to come from England and from the Continent to work especially up- on the “Gallery” plates. Some of these men returned home after executing their commissions; but a consider- able number of them established themselves in business here, to the advantage of the art generally. With the last quarter of the last century, however, came the beginning of the end of hand-engraving upon metal for purposes of popular illustration. This some- what abrupt and almost total disappearance of an art honored for more than four centuries, 1s directly trace- able to the mvention and rapid development of repro- ductive processes, combining the use of the camera and purely mechanical and chemical methods. By utilizing these processes the material for ordinary illustrative pur- poses is produced so rapidly and so cheaply that the XxXix NOTES comparatively slow and costly hand-engraving has be- come commercially impossible. Properly handled this process-work is satisfactory for the purpose intended; and in the more popular forms it has the decided advantage over copperplate work of permitting its use with type, at one printing; the separate and costly printing on the plate-press being no longer necessary. It must be admitted that in this substitution of me- chanical means for the work of the burin handled by a master in the art, we lose much of the power, brilliancy, and color seen in the plates of some of the old hand-en- gravers. But, on the other hand, these cheap and rapid processes add enormously to the volume of illustrative matter; and while there is far too much of certain classes of newspaper plates, the photographic nature of the abundant illustrations of the present day is storing up valuable material for the future historian. By combining color-printing with these processes, art is also promoted by a wider distribution of satisfactory copies of the work of the masters of this and of past centuries. One field alone is left open to the old-time hand-en- graver upon copper and upon steel, and that is the pro- duction of bank-note vignettes and the lettering of the plates. And that this field still remains is not due to any reverence for the art or its traditions, but rather to the very prosaic fact that by utilizing this skilled, slow, and costly work, the makers of bank-notes believe that they are making imitation more difficult. Eiven now, the cost of hand-engraving upon steel would be practically prohibitory, were it not that by the use of the transfer- press and other ingenious mechanical appliances, one expensive steel vignette can be made to do duty in a number of separate designs by transferring it upon copper and then differentiating it by appropriate ac- XXX NOTES cessories engraved upon this copperplate. As a matter of fact the original steel vignette is never used for printing. Hand-engraving upon copper and steel as an art is dead, never to be revived; but it must always be honored for its intrinsic merits, for its possibilities, and for its loving traditions. XXXI fr i =” v x ‘ i aS : . b bP ud i . + a + : 4 Tie ‘ ia ‘ ; rn ¥ cs ar , . NN > ¢ yt = AMERICAN ENGRAVERS UPON COPPER AND STEEL — -) Ft ENGRAVED ON woop JOHN FOSTER (1648-1681 | z . “ e —, “« 4 - Mr, Richard Mather. AMERICAN ENGRAVERS UPON COPPER AND STEEL ABERNETHIE In the “History of the Revolution of South Carolina,” by David Ramsay, M. D., published by Isaac Collins, Trenton, N. J., 1785, there are several maps of military operations, marked Abernethie Sc. Charleston. They are well engraved, and this same name is signed to several book-plates of Southern men. ADAMS, DUNLAP The “Pennsylvania Gazette,’ Sept. 6, 1764, contains the following announcement: : “Dunlap Adams. Engraver in Front-street, between Chesnut and Walnut streets, informs the Publick. That he does all kinds of engraving on Gold, Silver, Copper, Brass, Ivory, &c. As he is but lately come to Town, and of course has not so much Business as he could do, any Persons who are pleased to favour him with their Work, may depend on his doing it punctually to the Time ap- pointed, and in the neatest Manner. He also makes the nicest pierced or plain Medals in Gold or Silver. Like- 3 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS wise, he proposes to teach Writing at his House, from Eleven to One o’clock, at two Dollars per Month.” No copperplate work by Dunlap Adams is known. AITKEN, ROBERT Born at Dalkeith, in Scotland, in 1734; died in Phila- delphia, July 15, 1802. Aitken appears in Philadelphia as a printer and publisher in 1769; returned to Scotland in the same year, but came back to Philadelphia in 1771. He issued the “Pennsylvania Magazine, or American Monthly Museum,” from January, 1775, to June, 1776. For this magazine he engraved the vignette on the title- page, after a design by Pierre EK. du Simitiere, and a number of the illustrations; among the latter were some of the first views of military operations in the Revolution ever engraved. While done on copper the work is crude, plainly showing an unpractised hand. But in the “Penn- sylvania Evening Post,” May 22, 1777, we find the state- ment, “All kinds of Engraving done in the neatest man- ner at R. Aitken’s book-store,” implying that he was ready to do other work than that intended for his own magazine. AKIN, JAMES Born about 1773, probably in South Carolina; died in Philadelphia, July 18, 1846, “aged 78 years.” Akin came to Philadelphia from Charleston, S. C., and was for a time a clerk in the State department under Tim- othy Pickering (1795-1800). His earliest work as an engraver is found in John Drayton’s “View of South Carolina,” Charleston, S. C., 4 ee ee. a a a ee — —_ * BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 1802, and in Dobson’s edition of Rees’ Encyclopedia, Philadelphia, 1794-1803; he signed the latter plates as J. Akin, Sc. So. Carolina. Akin then went to New England; as in 1804 he was engraving book illustrations in Salem, Mass., and in 1806 he was established in Newburyport in the same State. He painted portraits in water-colors and is cred- ited with having issued a series of local caricatures of New England men, a few of which have been seen by the writer. Thomas Leavitt, of Hampton Falls, N. H., an intimate friend of Akin, is said to have had quite a col- lection of these caricatures, which was scattered and lost by his descendants. In 1808 Akin returned to Philadelphia and advertised himself as then located “just above the Upper Ferry over Schuylkill, where he means to persue his business, etc.” In 1811 his name appears in the Philadelphia di- rectories as an “engraver,” and, excepting in 1814-17, inclusive, the name of James Akin is printed continu- ously in these directories until 1846; but the occupation is variously given as engraver, designer, druggist, eat- ing-house keeper and draftsman for patents. He drew caricatures upon stone for the lithographers, engraved book-plates, and for a time he published prints in con- nection with William Harrison, Jr. The will of James Akin was probated Aug. 14, 1846, and is on record in Philadelphia. In it he leaves to his widow, Ophelia, “my best friend in this world,” his house at No. 18 Prune St., Philadelphia, two hundred shares of stock of the Bank of South Carolina, and twenty-five shares of the Planters & Mechanics Bank of Charleston 5 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS —all for life, with remainder to his children. He men- tions one daughter, Caroline Christie Akin, and a sister, Eliza Akin, of Charleston, S. C. The name of his widow, Ophelia Akin, appears in the Philadelphia direc- tories until 1854. AKIN, MRS. Mrs. Akin is supposed to have been the wife of James Akin, who was established as an engraver in Newbury- port, Mass., in 1806—08. The only evidence we have of her work as an engraver, however, is a certificate of membership issued by the orphan asylum of Newbury- port, evidently in the beginning of the last century. The heading to this certificate represents a woman seated un- der a tree and surrounded by children, with drapery above the containing oval and crossed palms below. The certificate below declares that “Mrs. Akin furnishes each member with a specimen | of her abilities in the graphic arts.” 'The plate is otherwise unsigned. ALLEN, JOEL Born in 1755, at Farmington, now Southington, Conn.; died in 1825. Joel was the son of Daniel Allen, a storekeeper of Farmington, but he later settled in Middletown, Conn., owned property there, and there did much of his engraving. For these biographical points we are indebted to the courtesy of Mr. Albert C. Barnes, librarian of the Connecticut Historical Society. Mr. Barnes adds that Allen served in the Revolution, was a man of artistic temperament, and very versatile. His first dated work was for Williams Law’s “Select 6 Late arabes tes ama pies, pacity, rs ¥ 4 o>» 6 eal ne .y¥ > 4 ¢ t . er ny tr h Cr all Be al ‘> ys ‘y ¥ . ~ i 4 y Nao y aa J wit * MASSACHUSETTS BILL OF CR PROBABLY ENGRAVED B} : JOHN CONNY > 16905 = ae , “i r a4 i ae * “ h ' ah } o>, Bears x “XX OVA — te FOCN ROME GCLEn Belt 795° THIS Indented bill of Fev villuags due front the, Mafachulers Ge ony ts~. the PoflelSor Shall beim value equal bo (mumey & {hall be ees accept ec, by the Frealiuer & recetvers ibordimate, to him urall p ublick pay ments and fore any Stock atany tume in the Irealicr: 23 Bolton in. New-England, December the, 10 1690 By Order of ¥ General 3 UOwrt ¢> | Bate lm tap oy I ig hs ee oe ‘ ‘ey $8 ay , i er? . yr 2 ys : ae iy 44 #1) b) by La ame "yy a Bote) fl r $ 7 q ¥ ~ is ’ y te | J 8 ; | cA Finsd Ld d . ' A, ’ WaT ee. |\ isp COT F| | ES Ihe >) 5 : : 4 ~« (7 AK w & iy GC Pa a) Ody, Hf Eee shy _ va SA Z ZE4 . / ¢ oe Sal BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES Harmony,” published in 1779. He engraved plates for Maynard’s edition of “Josephus,” New York, William Durell, 1792, and in the same year a map of Connec- ticut, published in Middletown by William Blodgett. In 1796-97 he was engraving portraits for a history of France, published in Philadelphia, and he worked for Boston publishers at a seemingly later date. As an en- graver the work of Allen was very crude, and in line. It is possible that he learned to engrave with Kensett, of Cheshire, Conn. ALLEN, L. The only engraving seen by the compiler, and signed by L. Allen as engraver, is a quarto mezzotint portrait of Rev. Stephen Williams, D.D., first pastor of the church at Longmarsh, Mass. As the inscription records his death on June 10, 1782, the plate must have been en- graved after that date. The crudity of the work and the fact that the portrait is that of an American divine, are the only reasons for including L. Allen in this list, as nothing more is known about him. The plate bears evidence of having been en- graved prior to 1800. ALLEN & GAW The above names, as Allen & Gaw Sc., are signed to a “Chart of Boston Harbor, Surveyed in 1817 by Alex". S. Wadsworth, U.S.N., by order of Com®. William Bainbridge, to whom it is most respectfully inscribed.” This map, 35% x 41 ins. in size, was published by John Melish, Philadelphia, 1819. 7 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS The Gaw of the above firm was possibly R. M. Gaw, who was seemingly in the employ of Peter Maverick, of Newark, N. J., in 1829, and was then engraving archi- tectural plans and elevations. ALLERDICE, SAMUEL This copperplate engraver was a pupil, and later a partner, of Robert Scot, of Philadelphia; and the firm of Scot and Allerdice made a large number of the plates for Dobson’s edition of Rees’ Encyclopedia, Phila- delphia, 1794-18083. According to the death-notices in “Claypoole’s Advertiser,” “Samuel Allerdice, en- graver,’ died in Philadelphia on Aug. 24, 1798. Over his own name Allerdice engraved in line a few portraits for Hume’s “History of England,” published by R. Campbell, Philadelphia, 1795. He was an indif- ferent engraver. ANDERSON, ALEXANDER Born in New York City, April 21, 1775; died in Jer- sey City, N. J., April 18, 1870. Anderson early became interested in copperplate engraving and was self-taught; but, yielding to the wishes of his family, he studied medi- cine, and in 1796 was graduated from the Medical De- partment of Columbia College as an M.D. He was again engraving on copper in New York in 1797, and the next year he permanently abandoned medicine for the burin. He engraved a number of copperplates and attained very considerable proficiency in that branch of his art. 8 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES But in 1820 Dr. Anderson became interested in the wood-engravings of Bewick and his followers, and he so much improved upon the work of his predecessors in this country that he is generally recognized as the Father of Wood-Engraving in the United States. His use of the “white line’ in wood-engraving was peculiarly success- ful and effective. ANDERSON, HUGH The name of this good engraver in line and in stipple appears in the Philadelphia directories for 1811-19 and 1822-24, inclusive; he engraved a large number of the plates appearing in S. F’. Bradford’s Philadelphia edi- tion of the Edinburgh Encyclopedia; and he also made portraits and other illustrations for the Philadelphia book publishers. Anderson possibly was trained abroad, and belonged to the group of Scotch engravers who came to the United States in the first decade of the last cen- tury. As late as 1835 a Hugh Anderson was engraving on copper and on wood in St. Clairville, O. This may have been the Philadelphia engraver, but the inferiority of the work of the later man would lead us to doubt this. ANDERSON, W. About 1855 this excellent engraver of portraits and landscape was working for the engraving firm of C. A. Jewett & Co., of Cincinnati, O. Much of his work will be found in the “Ladies Repository” published in that city. 9 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS ANDERTON, G. Born in London about 1828; died about 1890, says Mr. Samuel Hollyer. Anderton was a good engraver of portraits in both the stipple and mezzotint manner; he was engraving in the United States as early as 1850, and for a time he was in the employ of J. M. Butler,of Phila- delphia. Some of these prints are signed G. J. Ander- ton, though the style would lead us to suppose that it is the same man mentioned above. ANDREWS, JOSEPH Born in Hingham, Mass., Aug. 17, 1805; died in Bos- ton, May 7, 1873. Andrews was apprenticed at an early age to the Boston engraver Abel Bowen, and from him and from Wm. Hoogland he learned to engrave. In 1827 —or in 1829, according to W. J. Linton—he joined the firm of Carter, Andrews & Co., of Lancaster, Mass., F. Andrews being his brother. A very prosperous busi- ness was established in engraving, printing, and publish- ing, and Linton says that the firm employed as many as fourteen engravers at one time, though these were chiefly wood-engravers. The firm failed as a result of the fi- nancial panic of 1833. Joseph Andrews is said to have executed his first plate on steel in 1829, after a painting by Alvan Fisher. In 1835 he went to England and received instruction from the London engraver Goodyear; he then worked in Paris, and while in the latter city he engraved a head of Franklin, from the Duplessis portrait, for the works of Franklin edited by Jared Sparks. After a short stay in the United States, Andrews again visited Europe in 10 + P i ' * =k , - a r. — Ks ‘ i REV. INCREASE MA’ | ENGRAVED BY THOMAS EMMES ~ LOU, © gran oa ee ae ~ or —-— : is =: —~ ne meme AR ae at Se RS CES BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 1840, and during his two years absence from this country he engraved six plates for the “Gallerie Historique de Versailles,” published in Paris. Andrews went to Paris for a third time in 1858; and in 1855 he commenced his chief plate—“Plymouth Rock, 1620,” engraved after a painting by Rothermel. This plate was not completed until 1869, and in its execution it consumed nearly half of this engraver’s time for fourteen years. Joseph Andrews ranks among the best of American line-engravers and especially excelled in portrait work. In the course of his professional career in the United States he seems to have had a number of business asso- ciates, as we find plates signed by his name coupled with those of Carter, F’. Andrews, Thos. Kelly, S. A. Schoff, H. Wright Smith, Wagstaff and W. H. Tappan. ANNIN, WILLIAM B. This engraver was probably a pupil of Abel Bowen, of Boston, as he was working for that master in 1813 and for some years thereafter. He then engraved both por- traits and views for a time over his own name; but as early as 1823 he was associated with the Boston engraver George Girdler Smith, and the firm of ANNIN & SMITH produced a considerable quantity of good work. Annin was largely engaged in map engraving and is credited with having engraved the once celebrated Loring globes. Annin & Smith were for some time engaged in the lithographic business, under the name of the Annin & Smith Senefelder Lithographic Company, of Boston. In 1831 Annin & Smith sold out the lithographic busi- 11 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS ness to W. S. Pendleton, who continued the business as the Senefelder Company, of the same city. ARCHER, JAMES James Archer was the engraver of the majority | of the large plates illustrating Hinton’s “History and Topography of the United States,” published in Boston in 1834, ‘These views of American scenery are generally drawn by American artists; and on several of the plates the engraver signs himself J. Archer, Sc. Boston. Noth- ing more is known about him by the compiler; though, as an English engraver of this name was engraving land- scape plates for London publishers in 1882, it is possible that he came to the United States especially to engrave the plates in the edition of Hinton referred to. A James Archer was engraving book and magazine iUlustrations in 1855 for C. A. Jewett & Co., of Cincin- nati, O.; but while these plates are similar in character to _ the Boston work of 1834, it can not be positively stated that they were executed by the earlier James Archer. ARMSTRONG, WILLIAM G. Born in Montgomery Co., Pa., in 1823; and was liv- ing in Philadelphia in 1880. Armstrong was a pupil of James B. Longacre and he became a meritorious line-en- graver of portraits. His signed work is not abundant, as he devoted a large part of his professional life to bank- note engraving. ; ATWOOD, J. Was a map engraver working in Philadelphia about 1840. 12 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES BABSON, R. Stipple portraits, of little merit, are signed by Babson. About 1860 he was apparently in the employ of Joseph Andrews, of Boston, as we find plates signed Eng’d at J. Andrews by R. Babson. BAKER, I. H. This good engraver of portraits in the stipple manner was working in Boston about 1860. BAKER, JOHN About 1832 J. Baker designed and etched a large plate in line of the “Battle of Bunker’s Hill,” and about the same time two separate plates of “Washington Cross- ing the Delaware.” These three plates were published by Humphrey Phelps, of New York. He also engraved in line a very large plate (21.6 x 28.9 ins.) of the “Resur- rection of Christ,” which was “Designed & Engraved by John Baker,” and was published in 1835 by Justin Pierce, of New York. It is an ambitious piece of work and fairly well executed; but the drawing is somewhat peculiar, the two virgins gazing upon the angel at the door of the tomb being in very modern dress. BALCH, VISTUS Born in Williamstown, Mass., Feb. 18, 1799; died at Johnstown, N. Y., Oct. 25, 1884. Vistus Balch was the son of Joseph and Mary (Watson) Balch, and a lineal descendant of John Balch who came to Cape Ann, Col- ony of Massachusetts Bay, in 1623, from Somersetshire, England. Vistus Balch first appears as an engraver in Utica, 13 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS N. Y., where he worked largely for the book publisher W. Williams, of that place. He was also for a time a member of the engraving firm of Balch, Rawdon & Co. of Albany, N. Y. About 1830 he left Utica for New York with Samuel Stiles, and under the firm name of Balch & Stiles they did considerable work in the latter city. Over his own name Balch engraved plates for the “New York Mirror,” and a large number of portraits and book illustrations for the publishers. He worked in line and his plates possess merit. Balch drew upon stone, about 1825, a very creditable portrait of Dr. Samuel L. Mitchell; which was published by Imbert, the pioneer lithographer of New York City. BANNERMAN, J. | Bannerman engraved in a crude manner two portraits of Franklin, one in line and the other in stipple, for the Works of Franklin, published in Huntingdon, Pa., in 1800. In 1802, he was performing better portrait work for a Baltimore publisher; but he seemingly left very little signed work. BANNERMAN, W. W. As early as 1829 Medairy & Bannerman were engrav- ing book illustrations for the publishers of Baltimore, Md. Bannerman himself was engraving hard-line por- traits in Baltimore in 1842; but he is best known by his series of full-length portraits of statesmen, etched for the “United States Magazine and Democratic Review” in 1840-45. These plates are chiefly remarkable for the very bad drawing in the accessories to the portraits. 14 Toy THOMAS JOHNSTON a j<e) fey (=, %, < | Au ° a a a —_ = ENGRAVED BY ishumbly Deaecated | MG ROBO . fi Za s Zz a b BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES BANNISTER, JAMES This meritorious line and bank-note engraver was born in England, and was lately living in New York, at a very advanced age. According to Mr. Alfred Jones, Bannister was an apprentice in the engraving establish- ment of A. L. Dick, of New York; and his earlier signed work is chiefly in the form of portraits, though he also made some book illustrations. He became interested in bank-note work at an early date, and for some years he was the treasurer of the Homer-Lee-Franklin Bank Note Co., of New York. BARBER, CHARLES E. Son of William Barber noted below. Born in London in 1840; was living in 1892. Charles KE. Barber was ap- _ pointed an assistant engraver in the U. S. Mint at Phila- delphia in 1869; and upon the death of his father in 1880 he was made his successor as chief engraver. Mr. Bar-_ ber’s best work is to be found in the medals struck for — Presidents Garfield and Arthur, the Indian peace medal, and the Great Seal of the United States. He is said to have been peculiarly happy in “catching a likeness.” 'The work of his department was enormously increased by the number of medal dies demanded by the War Depart- ment, and for other Government purposes, and the med- als struck under his direction are models of their kind. BARBER, JOHN WARNER Born in Windsor, Conn., Feb. 2, 1798; died in 1885. Barber was apprenticed to Abner Reed, at Kast Wind- sor, Conn., where Reed was then conducting a bank-note 15 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS engraving establishment; and in 1823 Barber established himself in the engraving business in New Haven. But Barber soon became deeply interested in historical work, driving about the country in search of information, and in 1827 he published his first book, “Historical Scenes in the United States.” He published a dozen or more works of this description and some of them are illustrated by copperplates “Drawn & Engraved by J. W. Barber, N. Haven.” ; | Mr. W. J. Linton says that Barber engraved about 400 woodcuts, from original drawings by himself, in 1856-61, for a proposed book to be called “The Past and Present of the United States.” BARBER, WILLIAM Born in London, May 2, 1807; died in Philadelphia, August 81, 1879. Barber came to the United States with his father, John Barber, and from the latter he learned to engrave upon silver-plate, and for about ten years he followed this business in Boston. In 1865 he was em- ployed as an engraver in the U.S. Mint, in Philadelphia, as an assistant to James B. Longacre, then chief en- graver. Upon the death of Mr. Longacre, William Bar- ber, in January, 1869, was appointed his successor, and he served in that position until his death. BARKER, WILLIAM Barker was chiefly a map engraver, and he made a number of the maps published in Matthew Carey’s At- las, Philadelphia, 1795. His name appears in the Phila- 16 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES delphia directories for 1795-96 and 1800-08, inclusive; in 1797 he was in New York working for the “New Ency- clopedia,” published by John Low. Barker also engraved maps and diagrams for Dobson’s edition of Rees’ Ency- clopedia, Philadelphia, 1794—1803. Barker was a capital script engraver; one of his best examples being the title-page to Birch’s “Views of Philadelphia,” published in 1800. BARNARD, W. S. About 1845 this engraver of book illustrations was working for New York publishers. His name as en- graver is found coupled with that of A. L. Dick, and he was probably in the employ of Dick. Other prints are found signed T'uthill & Barnard, Se. BARRALET, JOHN JAMES Born in Dublin, of French parentage, about 1747; died in Philadelphia, Jan. 16, 1815. He was buried from the house of W. H. Morgan, the Philadelphia print pub- lisher. Westcott, in his history of Philadelphia, says that Barralet came to that city about 1796, and painted por- traits and landscapes in water-colors and designed work for the engravers. He engraved a few plates, in both stipple and line, with no unpractised hand; and for a time he was associated in business with the Philadelphia engraver Alexander Lawson. This latter connection, however, was very short lived, as Barralet is described as a highly irritable and eccentric individual, very difficult to manage. David Edwin credits Barralet with the in- 17 “AMERICAN ENGRAVERS vention of a ruling machine for bank-note work. Barra- let’s name appears in the Philadelphia directories for 1797-1807 and 1813-14, inclusive; with his occupation sometimes noted as “engraver,” but more frequently as “artist.” His engraved plates are very few in number, but he designed a number of plates for other en- gravers. BASSETT, W. H. | The only examples of this engraver’s work are found by the compiler in “The Poetical Works of John Trum- bull,” published in Hartford, Conn., in 1820. These are vignettes and general illustrations fairly well executed; and the character of the work suggests that Bassett was a bank-note engraver. The plates are designed by E. Tisdale, and the latter engraved some of them himself. : BATHER, GEORGE Born in England and came to the United States about 1851. He was chiefly employed as an engraver of por- traits by Samuel Hollyer and J. C. Buttre in New York. BATHER, GEORGE, JR. This portrait engraver was a son of the above, and died in Brooklyn in 1890. He was employed for a number of years in the engraving establishment of Buttre. BATEMAN, WILLIAM Bateman advertised in the “New York Mercury,” 18 : BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES Dec. 1, 1774, as “Engraver on stone, steel, silver and copper; coats of arms, crests, cyphers, figures, heads and fancies, in the neatest manner.” No copperplate signed work is known to the writer. BAULCH, A. V. All that is known of this engraver is that he did some excellent line work for the Appletons, of New York, in 1869, after designs by F’. O. C. Darley. BEAU, JOHN ANTHONY In the “New York Journal,” Dec. 13, 1770, John An- thony Beau advertises as “Engraver and chaser.” He was evidently an engraver upon silver-plate; though, like many others of his trade, he may have engraved upon copper. BECKWITH, HENRY Born in England and gained considerable reputation there for his admirable engravings of animals after the paintings of Landseer. Beckwith was working in New York in 1842—43 in connection with Alfred Jones; but he is best known in this country for his landscape work after American artists. He died a few years ago. BENNETT, WILLIAM JAMES Born in England in 1787, says Dunlap; but as Ben- nett was engraving aquatint plates in London in April, 1808, this date is probably in error; he died in New York in 1844. Dunlap says that Bennett was a pupil of the London engraver William Westall; and that in 1805 he 19 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS was attached to the medical staff of the English army in the Egyptian and Italian campaigns. Bennett came to New York in 1816, as a painter of landscape in water-colors and a draftsman for engravers. As an engraver he worked in aquatint, and produced a number of good views for the New York magazines, chiefly of points of interest about New York. Bennett was made an Associate of the National Academy of De- sign in 1827, and he became an Academician in 1828. For some years he was the curator of the academy. BEST, E. S. : Born in London in 1826; and came to the United States about 1850. He seems to have settled in Phila- delphia, as he worked for some years in the engraving and print publishing establishment of J. M. Butler, of that city. His best plate is “Washington at Valley Forge,’ a royal folio line plate after the painting by C. Scheussele. BILLINGS, A. An elaborately designed but poorly engraved book- plate of Richard Varick, an officer of the Revolution and Mayor of New York in 1801, is signed A. Billings, Sculpt. He was the preceptor in engraving of Abraham Godwin about 1782. BILLINGS, JOSEPH This Joseph Billings, “silversmith and watchmaker” by trade, was one of the early forgers of Colonial paper money, whose name is handed down to us in a proclama- 20 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES tion issued on Jan. 15, 1770, by John Penn, Lieutenant- Governor of the Province of Pennsylvania. According to this document—which calls for his ar- rest—Joseph Billings “feloniously forged and counter- feited the Bills of Credit of the Province and passed the same. Fe is described as “a very remarkable person, being 6 Feet 5 Inches high, long-necked and raw-boned, about 50 years of Age . . . but often passes by the name of Doctor Billings, ete.” BIRCH, In 1789 Dobson & Lang, of Philadelphia, printed a small volume entitled “An Easy and Compendious Sys- tem of Short Hand,” written by Thomas Sarjeant. The frontispiece to this work is a well-engraved portrait of Mr. Tho. Gurney, signed Birch, Sculp. William Birch, the well-known engraver of the “Views of Philadelphia,” was living at Hampstead Heath, Eng- land,in 1788—91,and he did not come to this country un- til 1794. While William Birch is known to have en- graved at least one portrait, this portrait is in stipple; whereas that of Gurney is in line, with accessories that suggest a book-plate engraver. In the “New York Packet,’ Dec. 16, 1784, one B. Birch advertises that he “engraves seals, copperplates, cyphers and crests,” but no signed work of this B. Birch is known. It is possible that he was the engraver of the Gurney plate. But, on the other hand, the book which contains this plate is a reprint of a much earlier English edition; and the portrait plate may have been imported from England for this American edition. 21 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS BIRCH, THOMAS Born in London about 1779; died in Philadelphia, Jan. 14, 1851. Thomas was the son of William Birch, the engraver, and came to Pennsylvania with his father in 1794, first settling at Neshaminy Bridge, Bucks Co., Pa., and he removed to Philadelphia about 1800. Thomas Birch is said to have assisted his father in mak- ing the plates for Birch’s “Views of Philadelphia’; and these plates were issued in 1800 as Drawn and Engraved by W. Birch & Son. But it is probable that Thomas Birch was chiefly engaged upon the drawing. No plates are known to the writer engraved by the younger Birch. Thomas Birch early turned his attention to portrait painting; but after 1807 he devoted himself to marine painting and achieved reputation. A number of his rep- resentations of naval battles in the War of 1812 have been engraved. BIRCH, WILLIAM Born in Warwickshire, England, April 9, 1755; died in Philadelphia, Aug. 7, 1834. Birch was an enamel painter and engraver; for a time he was working in Bris- tol, and in 1788-91 he was engraving prints and publish- ing them at Hampstead Heath, near London, and he was later living in London. In 1794 he came to Phila- delphia with a letter of introduction from Benjamin West to the Hon. William Bingham, and in that city he painted landscape in water-colors and miniatures in enamel; among the latter were several portraits of Wash- ington done after the Stuart head. The earlier engraved work of Birch was executed in 22 ey ae fe ee 7 4 i ¥ 1 Pt on / \ +8 : i , » La i ; ¢ " « ‘ i ’ >» i % BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES stipple and was much more finished than that published in this country. His one known portrait, that of Mrs. Robinson, engraved after a portrait by Sir Joshua Rey- nolds, belongs to this period and is an excellent piece of work. In 1791 he published in London a quarto volume entitled “Délices de la Grande Bretagne,” a collection of views of places in the neighborhood of London, and well done in stipple. | His reputation as an American engraver is founded upon his “Views of Philadelphia,” drawn and engraved in 1798-1800 in connection with his son Thomas Birch, later well known as a landscape and marine painter. In 1808 he also issued a smaller series of plates showing the country seats of the United States. ‘These views are now chiefly valued for their historical interest. His “Views of Philadelphia” were republished by him in 1802, and again republished by Robert Desilver in 1841. BLAKE, WILLIAM W. In 1848 Blake was engraving views of business build- ings; and he then had an engraving establishment at 167 Broadway, New York. BLYTH, B. Among the prints exhibited at the late exhibition of the work of early American engravers at the Boston Museum of Fine Arts, was a mezzotint allegorical com- position signed Cole del—Blyth Fecit. 'The print is en- titled “Sacred to Liberty or an Emblem of ye Rising Glory of ye American States.” Among other emblems are a tree on a sea-shore supporting a heart-shaped es- 23 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS cutcheon with thirteen stars; one of two genii holding an inverted British flag, and a striped flag. The descriptive catalogue ascribes this print tos Ben- jamin Blyth; who was born in Salem in 1740, was mar- ried in 1769, and was admitted to Essex Lodge in 1781. It is probable that this is the same B. Blyth who drew the two portraits of General and Mrs. Washington, after C. W. Peale, engraved by John Norman and published by John Coles in Boston, in 1780 and 1782. No other engraved work of Blyth is known to the writer. Robert Blyth, an English engraver in line, died in London in 1785; but judging from the character of the work, it is improbable that he was the engraver of this print. BOGARDUS, JAMES Born in Catskill, N. Y., March 14, 1800; died in New York City, April 18, 1874. In 1814 Bogardus was ap- prenticed to a watchmaker; and while mastering this trade he also became an expert die-sinker and engraver ; though it is not known that he engraved to any extent. He was a very skilful mechanic, and he invented a num- ber of valuable machines. Among these were improve- ments in cotton-spinning; a machine for engraving figures, etc., on watch dials; a transfer-machine for pro- ducing bank-notes from separate dies; the first dry gas- meter; and in 1836, while on a visit to England, he devised a successful medallic engraving machine; and in 1839 he secured against 2,600 competitors a reward of- fered by the British government for the best machine for manufacturing postage-stamps. 24 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES James Bogardus is perhaps best remembered by the five-story factory building constructed for his own use in New York in 1847, and made entirely of cast-iron. This was the first building of this kind anywhere, and he later erected similar buildings in various parts of the United States. BOLEN, J. G. This name is signed to an armorial book-plate of Charles M. Connolly as J. G. Bolen, 104 B’way. 'There is no indication of date, and the form of signature may in- dicate the publisher or stationer, rather than the engraver. BOLTON, J. B. Bolton was a capital script and letter engraver, located in Boston, Mass., in 1841, and working in connection with D. Kimberly. BONA-PARTE This name, evidently fictitious, is signed to a crude line portrait of James Madison, President of the United States. The name is divided as follows: Bona, Del. Parte, Sc. The print itself may be described as follows: Line, rect. full bust, face three-quarters right. Size,’7.5 x 6.3 ins. The print is apparently of American origin and contemporaneous with Madison; it was found in its orig- inal frame in a Pennsylvania farm-house. BONAR, T. This engraver of portraits in the stipple manner was ‘ working for the Methodist Book Room, in New York, 25 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS | about 1850. About the same time the firm of Bonar & Cummings was producing portraits for the magazines. BOOTH, T. D. Booth is said to have been born in Albany, N. Y.; and in 1830 he was an apprentice in a bank-note engraving firm in New York. For a time he was engraving in Cin- cinnati and in Chicago; but in 1857 Booth was again in New York and was largely employed by G. P. Putnam & Co., the publishers of that city. BOUDIER, —— This evidently Krench engraver was an imitator of St. Memin in the style and size of his portrait plates and was apparently in this country about the same time. He probably learned to use the “physotrace’ in Paris, and his stay in the United States must have been a very short one, as only one plate so signed is known. This is a por- trait of “Buonaparte,” signed Boudier, sculp'. Philad*. BOWEN, ABEL Born in Sand Lake Village, Greenbush, N. Y., Dec. 23, 1790; died in Boston March 11, 1850, according to an extended sketch of Abel Bowen prepared for the Bos- tonian Society by the late Wm. H. Whitmore and pub- lished in Boston in 1884. Bowen was engraving upon wood as early as 1811, and in August, 1812, he was in business as a printer in Boston. In 1816 Bowen published in Boston “The Naval Monument,” illustrated by copper and woodcut views of 26 a So ee ee ae ae BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES naval combats, a number of which were engraved by Bowen himself. He was certainly engraving upon cop- per in 1817 in both line and stipple; in 1821 he was in business with Alexander McKensie, a copperplate printer, and in 1825 he published Shaw’s “History of Boston,” illustrated by very creditable full-page views, mostly engraved upon copper, by Bowen. About this same time he drew upon stone the illustrations for an edition of the lectures of Sir Astley Paston Cooper, pub- lished by Pendleton, who established the first litho- graphic press in Boston. Mr. W. G. Linton, in his “History of Wood Engrav- ing in America” (Boston, 1882), says that in 1834 Abel Bowen, in association with the wood-engravers Alonzo Hartwell and John C. Crossman, established the Amer- ican Engraving and Printing Co. This company later became the Boston Bewick Co., the publishers of the “American Magazine,” a publication devoted to the en- couragement of wood-engraving in America. The two volumes of this magazine contain about 500 woodcuts, generally coarse and crude in execution. In 1836 their printing establishment was burned down and the com- pany failed. In the course of his business career Abel Bowen published a number of books. BOWER, JOHN Bower was a map engraver, working in Philadelphia in 1810-19, inclusive. He engraved a few poorly exe- cuted plates for Collins’ Quarto Bible, of 1816, and a very curious, large plate of the bombardment of Fort McHenry. Bower also engraved crude stipple portraits 27 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS of Washington and John Adams, apparently done for a copy-book cover. BOWES, JOSEPH This engraver in both line and stipple was living in Philadelphia as early as 1796. His work was very poorly executed; but he engraved views in line for the “Amer- ican Universal Magazine” and the “Monthly Mag- azine,’ of Philadelphia, and also a number of illustra- tions in stipple for a history of France published by James Stewart, Philadelphia, 1796-97. Bowes engraved some of the plates for Dobson’s edition of Rees’ Ency- clopedia. BOYD, JOHN The name of this excellent engraver of portraits in stipple appears in the Philadelphia directories in 1811-— 19 and 1822—27, inclusive. It is not known where he was born or learned to engrave; but judging from his prints he worked solely for the magazines and book publishers of Philadelphia. BOYNTON, G. W. This man was a map engraver, apparently located in Boston in 1842. | BRACKET, MISS H. V. A large Bible print of “Ruth and Boaz,” published about 1816 and very well drawn and engraved, is signed Etched by Miss H. V. Bracket—Hoogland dir’. 'The print probably appeared in the New York edition of Collins’ Quarto Bible; and the date would make Miss 28 a a BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES Bracket one of the earliest women engravers upon cop- per in the United States. Mrs. James Akin, working in 1808, is the first on record, and though no definite dates can be assigned to the engraved work of the daughters of Peter Maverick, they were apparently engraving in the early thirties. BRIDPORT, HUGH Born in London in 1794, and came to Philadelphia in 1816; and the directories of that city contain his name continuously until 1887. Dunlap says that Bridport was a pupil of C. Wilkins, a miniature painter of London. He opened a drawing academy in Philadelphia, in 1817, in connection with his brother, George Bridport; painted portraits and miniatures, and about 1818 he was asso- ciated with the English architect John Haviland in a school for teaching architecture and drawing. Bridport engraved a few very good portraits in the stipple man- ner. He was one of the instructors of the deaf-mute lithographer Albert Newsam, and Bridport himself drew a number of portraits upon stone for some of the early Philadelphia lithographers. BROOKS, —— The book-plate of Dr. J. Dove, of Richmond, Va., and living about 1800, was engraved by Brooks. The plate is poor enough to be early American work. BROWN, BENJAMIN The earliest plate seen signed by B. Brown is an ex- cellent stipple portrait of Sir Philip Francis, the frontis- 29 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS piece to “The Identity of Junius,’ by John Taylor, published in New York in 1812. A number of very good line illustrations to a botanical work, also pub- lished in New York, are signed B. Brown, Sc., N. York; and the New York directory for 1819 contains the name of Benjamin Brown, engraver and printer of book- plates, maps, visiting-cards, etc., “in the first style of elegance.” The name only appears for this one year. BROWN, GEORGE L. Born in Boston, Mass., Feb. 2, 1814; died at Malden, Mass., June 25, 1889. Brown was originally appren- ticed to a wood-engraver, and woodcuts are found signed by him. He went abroad in 1853-55, studied in Rome and became a reputable painter of landscape. The only work upon copper known to the compiler is a series of admirable etchings of views about Rome, executed from his own drawings and published in 1860. BRUEN, R. C. Dunlap says that Bruen was an apprentice with © Maverick & Durand; but after doing some good work, he became deranged a few years later and was drowned in the Hudson River. The only examples of engraved work of Bruen known to the compiler are some very well-executed plates for editions of “Gil Blas” and “The Arabian Nights,” published by Wm. Durell, New York, 1820. | BRUFF, CHARLES OLIVER Bruff advertises in the “New York Mercury” of 1770, 30 ae Sr Te ete aE at = ae ee += é = a3 i a POS Pr re Fated, PP Po ~ 4 ' 4 ot \ ‘ ¥ t \ ¥ 5 = ¥ " Ww vi : ; iA 8 ~~ i é , = 4 % % eran REV. MATTHEW HE eos | ENGRAVED BY ee NATHANIEL MOR , i * ve, —_ t : ’ i ~* * “Ny i eA * er eos i . &. * tar | a ~ * % ~ uy ¥ 4 toes t 5 a = ‘ i. i 5 E ; a a F age Oa fi \ pay " — s- 44 ; = * Le ‘ ae ‘ way Ay 4 ® ib tu >. ‘ x * ; . “3 ty : SSS TTS SSSSSS Sry Vi Wi Me Mi y h j V) Wo WE OL YUMA Herat Mii We = ie a TT iar ss 2 ee ea Loe aS Yivie! c7 Cts) BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES and possibly earlier, as a goldsmith and jeweler. In - 1775 he added an engraving department to his business, then established at the sign of “The Teapot, Tankard & Ear-ring,” between Maiden Lane and Crown Street, near the Fly Market; and he adds to his notice, ““Where he engraves all sorts of arms, crests, cypher & fancies, in the neatest manner and greatest expedition, with heads of Lord Chatham, Shakespear, Milton, Newton, etc., with Mason’s arms and all emblems of Liberty.” Bruff probably employed an engraver for this work, as his former advertisements make no mention of en- graving. As Henry Pursell advertises at times in the same journal, he may have been the engraver to whom this work was given by Bruff. BRULS, MICHELSON GODHART DE This man seems to have been the chief engraver upon copper in New York in the period 1759-63; though Elisha Gallaudet was engraving in that city as early as 1759. De Bruls, acording to advertisements in the New York newspapers of his day, engraved book-plates, maps, and views. The earliest of his work—and the only large plate seen by the compiler—is a very well-executed “Plan of Niagara with the Adjacent Country, surren- dered to the English Army under the Command of Sir ~ Will™ Johnson, Bart., on the 28th of July 1759.” This map contains a good coat of arms of Sir William John- son, and is signed Engraved and published by Michelson Godhart de Bruls,in New York, North America. The “New York Mercury,” for May 8, 1762, and suc- 31 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS ceeding numbers, state that this plan and a companion plate were to be published by subscription by “Michael de Bruls, Engraver and'an Inhabitant of this City.” The second plate was “A plan of the Landing, Encamp- ment and Attack against Fort Niagara, on Lake On- tario, . .. also the Engagement where the French Reinforcements were defeated.” The advertisement goes on to say that these two plans were engraved “on two large copperplates” and “would form a print 2 ft. 11 ins. by 1 ft. 1 m. exclusive of margins.” It is stated that “they were almost ready for printing,” and it is to be presumed that both plates were published, though the second plate is unknown to the compiler. The price to be paid was eight shillings each, and they were to be de- livered to subscribers before June 26, 1762. Another ambitious work by de Bruls is noted in the “New York Mercury” of Oct. 11, 1762. He then pro- posed to engrave and publish by subscription “T'wo dif- ferent Waterviews and two different Landviews of the flourishing City of New York”: “(1) These above men- tioned four different views, with the respective refer- ences in English, High Dutch and Low Dutch, will be curiously engraved on a copperplate of 21 x 12 inches, and printed on the best paper.” “(2) A plan of the — streets, etc. of the City, with their respective names, will also be neatly engraved on another copperplate and printed on best large paper.” These views were to be sold for twenty shillings, and subscriptions were taken by “Michael de Bruls, Publisher and Engraver of the — above Plates, at the lower end of New Street, next door to Col. Thodey, in New York.” On Feb. 28, 1763, de 32 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES Bruls apologizes for his delay in issuing the plates, and complains of lack of encouragement; he finally requests would-be subscribers to make haste as he wishes to insert their names in a descriptive pamphlet that is to accom- pany the plates. All of these views are unknown to the compiler. On March 5, 1759, “Mr. Michael de Bruls, En- graver, was located at “Mr. Furer, Silversmith, in French Church Street, New York”; and he probably added to his scanty income by engraving on silver. He neatly engraved at least one book-plate. BRUNTON, RICHARD This mediocre engraver first appears in the columns of the “American Journal and Daily Advertiser,” of Providence, R. I., where, on Jan. 31, 1781, he advertises as “engraver and die-sinker.” While in Providence he engraved the portrait of Washington which appeared as a frontispiece to “A Poetical Epistle to his Excel. George Washington, etc. London printed. Providence (Rhode Island) Reprinted and sold by Bennett Wheeler at his office on the West side of the Great Bridge MDCCLXXI.” The journal above mentioned adver- tises this “E/pistle” as published in March, 1781. As to the further career of Brunton, the writer is in- debted to Mr. A. C. Bates, the librarian of the Connec- ticut Historical Society, at Hartford, who has published a lengthy monograph on this very obscure engraver. According to Mr. Bates, Brunton appears in Suffield, Conn., about 1790; and he there put his knowledge of die-sinking to use in making counterfeit money. ‘The 33 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS records of the Superior Court in Wyndham County, Conn., for the March term of 1799, show that a Richard Brunton was charged with making “types and dies” for counterfeiting the silver coin current in the State. Brunton pleaded guilty to the charge and was sentenced to imprisonment for two years in the Connecticut State prison at Newgate, in the town of Granby. Brunton’s enforced stay in this prison of infamous memory may account for several of the plates assigned to him; and especially for the armorial and portrait plate of Major Reuben Humphreys, signed “R. B.” This Major Humphreys was the keeper of Newgate prison from 1796 until 1801; this period covering the stay of Brunton at that place. For similar reasons, a large and curiously drawn plate of the Newgate prison is ascribed to the same man. Mr. Bates assigns to this Brunton a con- siderable number of book-plates, none of which are signed with his name as engraver. Mr. William S. Baker, in his “American Engravers,” says that Gideon Fairman, about 1792, was encouraged to take up the art of engraving by “an English engraver by the name of Brunton.” As Fairman was then living at Newtown, Conn., the above Richard Brunton may be the engraver referred to. BUELL, ABEL Born in Killingsworth, Conn., Feb. 1, 1742; died in New Haven about 1825. Buell was apprenticed to a sil- versmith, and he became a skilful engraver upon metal and was engaged in that business on his own account. While he was still a young man there is a report that he 34 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES was arrested and imprisoned for having altered a plate for a Colonial note. Buell later established a type foundry and is said to have cut the matrices for several fonts of type. He re- moved to Springfield, Mass., and then to New Haven, about 1774-75, and at the latter place he was employed by Bernard Romans in constructing a map of North America. Buell is credited with having made the survey of the coast about Pensacola for Romans, and with hav- ing engraved some of the maps in Romans’ “Natural History of Florida,” published in New York in 1775. He may also have engraved the plan of Boston published by Romans in 1775. Buell engraved a diploma plate for Yale College prior to 1775, says Mr. James Terry in one of his “Ex Libris Leaflets.” In consideration of his services to the public the legis- lature of Connecticut restored to Buell his civil rights. He was employed by the State in making money with apparatus devised by himself. He also erected in New Haven one of the first cotton mills built in the United States. BULL, MARTIN : Born, probably in Farmington, Conn., Dec. 3, 1744; died March 24, 1825. Mr. Charles Dexter Allen, in his “American Book-Plates,” says that about 1795 Bull was a goldsmith in business in Farmington, was a deacon, town treasurer, clerk of probate for thirty-nine years, a strong patriot and “a writer of long and appallingly sol- emn letters to the youth of the village when at college.” — Bull engraved his own book-plate and another, most 35 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS curiously designed, for the Monthly Library, of Farm- ington, Conn. In engraving the latter plate he was as- sisted by his partner, ‘Thomas Lee, who was born in 1717 and died in 1806, says Mr. James Terry, of New Haven. BURGIS, WILLIAM William Burgis was a publisher of American maps and views as early as 1717. He also attempted mezzotint engraving—according to the evidence of a single large plate, very coarsely executed and signed W. Burgis del et fecit. This plate is a view of the lighthouse at the en- trance to Boston harbor, and bears the inscription “To the Merchants of Boston this View of the Light House is most humbly presented by their Humble Serv’'t Wm. Burgis.” | All the other known prints associated with the name of William Burgis are engraved in line, are usually well engraved, and several of them are signed by known en- gravers. The compiler contends that these prints were simply published by Burgis. The most conspicuous among these engravings is the “South Prospect of the City of New York,” dedicated by William Burgis to Gov. Robert Hunter, and published in 1717, according to a date connected with one of the inscriptions. This view is about five feet long, is very well engraved, and the only known copy belongs to the New York Historical Society. In this copy, unfortunately, the greater part of the descriptive title at the bottom of the plate is torn off, and with this the name of the engraver has disappeared. The same society, however, possesses a restrike of this plate, published by Thomas Bakewell, print-seller, of 36 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES London, on March 25, 1746; on this restrike the arms and name of Gov. George Clinton have been substituted for those of Governor Hunter. But this latter plate pre- serves all the inscription, including that of the engraver, who signed himself Z. Harris, scu. This John Harris was a reputable English engraver of landscape, etc., who flourished between 1686 and 1739. As Harris was dead in 1746, he undoubtedly engraved the original plate published by William Burgis in 1717. A. plan of Boston, published by William Burgis in 1729 and dedicated to Governor Burnet, was engraved by Thomas Johnston, of Boston, New England, and is so signed. Burgis also published views of the college at Cambridge, Mass., and of the New Dutch Church, in New York, the latter dedicated to Gov. Rip Van Dam. These prints are executed in line, but, as the compiler has not been able to study original impressions, nothing more can be said about them. W. Burgis is said to have married the widow of a tav- ern-keeper, and to have kept a tavern for a time in Boston. BURNAP, DANIEL This engraver of brass clock-faces, working in East Windsor, Conn., before 1800, is mentioned by Mr. James Terry in his “Ex Libris Leaflet, No. 4.” BURT, CHARLES Born in Edinburgh, Scotland, Nov. 8, 1823 (though this date appears to be an error); died in Brooklyn, March 25, 1892. ‘This exceptionally good line-engraver 87 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS was a pupil of W. Holme Lizars, a well-known engraver of Edinburgh, and he came to New York in 1886. He was employed for a time by A. L. Dick, of that city, and some of his best early work bears‘the signature of A. L. Dick as engraver. Burt engraved and etched a large number of plates for portraits and book illustrations; but he later turned his attention almost entirely to bank-note work, and for some years he was one of the chief engravers for the Treasury Department, at Washington, D. C. Several of his larger plates were made for the American Art Union, in 1851-52. BUTLER, —— A. good line-engraving of a man and a lion is signed Butler Sc. Balto. The plate was engraved prior to 1835, as the example seen has written upon its back a “‘presen- tation” of that date. BUTLER, J. M. While this name is appended to a large number of prints, Butler was a plate printer and print publisher of Philadelphia about 1850, and the employer of engray- ers. ‘There is no evidence that J. M. Butler was an en- graver himself—unless the work noted above was done by him. Later, Butler held political office in Philadel-' phia and abandoned publishing. BUTTRE, JOHN CHESTER Born in Auburn, N. Y., June 30, 1821; died at Ridge- wood, N. J., Dec. 2, 1898. After being educated in the 38 REV. JOSEPH SEWALL as EN GRAVES, 7 als “NATHANIEL HURD ae. “1801779 ae Zi; if iD _——— i , ee 5 Meas me i ony IUAEQOUANUAEREOUUGEONOCOGSEOUEOEOOGOOOONOEALOUOAOLANAAOHOOANRERUALOLSLAAOFOAEOEOOVNOONGORRENOGOOOGGESOEEOECUUUGHOOOOQONOOEOQOATOOUNLUNUEAEET OAD | Ue Se Engravid Sold by Nat Hurd BOSTON 12768 pana Se BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES district schools and the Auburn academy, Buttre became interested in art, studied drawing under Hulaniski, a Pole residing in Auburn, and made some attempts at portrait-painting. Not succeeding in colors, he turned his attention to wood-engraving and was later established in business in Auburn. In 1841 he removed to New York, became a line-engraver of reputation, and a con- siderable amount of his work of this period appeared in the magazines. As a member of the firm of Rice & But- tre, and later under his own name, he established an ex- tensive engraving business in New York, and he em- ployed many engravers. He continued in active business until his death, and it is said that nearly 8000 plates bear his name. B., J. W. These initials as J. W. B. del. et sc. are signed to a quarto line-plate representing an engagement between Georgia militia, under Gen. John Floyd, and a force of Creek Indians, at Antossee, Ala. This fight, in which Gen. Floyd was badly wounded, took place on Nov. 29, 1813; and the plate, which is fairly well engraved, is seemingly of contemporaneous date. ‘The writer cannot assign this plate to any known American engraver. CADE, J. J. Born in Canada and was living in Brooklyn in 1900. Cade was a good engraver of portraits, in a mixed man- ner. He worked for the New York magazines and book publishers. 39 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS CALLENDER, BENJAMIN Born in Boston, March 16, 1773; died in Northfield, Mass., Feb. 22, 1856. He was a son of Benjamin Cal- lender, a brother of Joseph Callender, the engraver, and Abigail Belcher. In 1798, Benjamin Callender, Jr., re- moved to Northfield, and on Nov. 17, 1798, he married Sally Laughton, who was born in Boston and died March 80, 1858, aged 80 years. In the “History of Northfield,” Benjamin Callender is mentioned as a “merchant and engraver.” | His engraved work chiefly consists of maps and charts, and he was engraving these for Boston publishers as early as 1796. Callender engraved some of the maps in the “American Gazetteer,” by Jedediah Morse, Boston, 1797. CALLENDER, JOSEPH Born in Boston, Mass., May 6, 1751; died there Nov. 10, 1821, and was buried in the Old Granary Burying Ground in Boston. He was the son of Eleazer Callender and Susanna Hiller. According to a notice in the “Mas- sachusetts Sentinel,” “Mr. Joseph Callender, Engraver, was married, on Aug. 1, 1789, to Miss Elizabeth Laugh- ton.” Joseph Callender was employed for some time as a die- sinker for the Massachusetts Mint. In association with Paul Revere he engraved a number of line-plates for the “Royal American Magazine,” published in Boston in 1774. His chief occupation, however, seemed to be the engraving of book-plates, bill-heads, and work of a simi- lar character. 40 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES CAMPBELL, A. G. and J. K. These two men were engraving portraits, in a mixed but effective manner, in New York about 1860. CAMPBELL, ROBERT An engraver of this name furnished good line illustra- tions for S. F’. Bradford’s edition of the Edinburgh En- cyclopedia, Philadelphia, 1806-18; and the name, as “engraver,” appears in the directories of that city for 1822-381, inclusive. A well-executed stipple portrait of Chief Justice William Telghman was engraved by R. Campbell and published in 1829. | Robert Campbell was the publisher of Wm. Birch’s “Views of Philadelphia,” in 1800; but it is not certain that this is the same man. CAPEWELL, SAMUEL Capewell was a letter engraver of some reputation. About 1860 the firm of Capewell & Krimmel was in busi- ness in New York as engravers and publishers; this firm is still in existence. Plates signed by this firm are gen- erally the work of engravers in their employ; though Krimmel was also an engraver. CAREY, PEYTON At the exhibition of early engraving in America, held at the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, 1904, a seal of the University of Georgia was shown. A note says that this seal was designed and cut by Mr. Peyton Carey, “a graduate of 1810.” . 41 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS CARIO, MICHAEL The “American Weekly Mercury,” Philadelphia, July 8-15, 1736, advertises the arrival from London of Michael Cario, “Jeweller.” After detailing his various wares, in the form of rings, buttons for sleeves, snuff- boxes, ete., he adds the following: “N.B. The said Michael Cario buys all sorts of old Diamonds, or any other Stones, and performs all sorts of Engraving Work, either in Gold or Silver.”’ 3 CARPENTER, B. Carpenter was a line-engraver of landscapes and buildings, apparently working in Boston in 1855. CARSON,C. W. This man was a line-engraver of maps and vignettes located in Albany, N. Y., in 1843. CASILEAR, JOHN W. Born in New York, June 25, 1811; died Aug. 17, 1893. At the age of fifteen Casilear was apprenticed to the engraver Peter Maverick and after a time he became an excellent line-engraver; his large plate of “A Sibyl,” after the painting by Daniel Huntington, being an ad- mirable example of pure line work. Having studied bank-note engraving under Maverick and A. B. Durand, he was engaged in that business for some years, and about 1854 he became a member of the bank-note engraving firm of ‘Tappan, Carpenter, Casi- lear & Co., of New York. But having become interested _ 42 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES in painting in oil, and having studied painting in Europe in 1840 and in 1857, Casilear became a landscape-painter of reputation. He was an Associate of the National Academy in 1835, and a full Academician in 1851. Casilear engraved plates in conjunction with J. W. Paradise; and other plates are signed Casilear, Capewell & Krimmel. CHAMBERS, R. This engraver was doing some fairly good work, in both line and stipple, in Washington, D. C., about 1820 —26. His best work, noted by the writer, is a bust of Thomas Jefferson, in an oak-garlanded circle, heading a facsimile of a letter written by Jefferson to R. C. Weight- man, Mayor of Baltimore. The letter is dated June 24, 1826, and the engraving seems, from its inscription, to be of contemporaneous date. CHAPIN, WILLIAM Born in Philadelphia, Oct. 17, 1802; died there Sept. 20, 1888. William Chapin was a lineal descendant of Deacon Samuel Chapin, who settled at Springfield, Conn., in 1642. On Nov. 4, 1817, William Chapin was apprenticed to John Vallance, of the engraving firm of Tanner, Vallance, Kearny & Co., of Philadelphia. He remained with this firm until 1822, when he purchased his freedom for $125,and he then began business for him- self as an engraver. In December of the same year he made a contract with the Baltimore publisher, Fielding Lucas, to engrave for him for the sum of $416 per an- num, or less than $35 per month; and in August, 1824, 7 43 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS he accepted a similar engagement with a New York firm for $520 per year. : About 1827 Mr. Chapin turned his attention to pro- jecting and engraving maps, and in time he established an extensive map business in New York. Chapin’s large map of the United States is said to be the first map en- graved upon steel in this country. In 1838 Mr. Chapin became much interested in the education of the blind; and in 1840 he permanently aban- doned engraving and map publishing to become the prin- cipal of an institution for the blind in Columbus, O. He remained at this place until 1847,and in 1849 Mr. Chapin was elected principal of the Institution for the Blind in the city of Philadelphia, and to this work he devoted the remainder of his life. | For these notes upon Mr. Chapin, the compiler is in- debted to the courtesy of his son, John Basset Chapin, M.D., physician in charge of the Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane in Philadelphia. CHAPMAN, JOHN GADSBY Born in Alexandria, Va., Dec. 8, 1808; died in Brook- lyn, July 6, 1890. Little of Mr. Chapman’s early life is known, other than that he studied art in Italy and in 18386 he opened a studio in New York. For some time there- after he was largely employed by the Harper Bros. and by others as a designer for book illustrations, as a wood- engraver, and an etcher after his own designs. He did not engrave upon copper in line or stipple. In 1848 Mr. Chapman returned to Italy and devoted himself entirely to painting, maintaining a studio in Rome until his death. AAs BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES Two of Mr. Chapman’s sons, Conrad Wise and John Linton Chapman, were painters and artist etchers. Both of these sons were born in Rome; the first-named served in the Confederate army throughout the Civil War, and died some years ago; the other was living in 1900. A daughter, Mary Chapman, married Count Cerovitch, one time private secretary to Victor Emanuel, late King of Italy. CHARLES, WILLIAM Died in Philadelphia in 1820. Mr. Lossing says that William Charles was a Scotchman who was compelled to hastily depart from Edinburgh to escape prosecution for caricaturing some of the dignitaries of that city. Dr. An- derson says Charles came to New York in 1801, and in 1807 he was established in that city as an engraver and publisher at “Charles’ Repository of Arts.” The directo- ries of Philadelphia locate him in that city from 1816 to 1820, inclusive; he was in business there as a copperplate engraver, as a bookseller and asa publisher and stationer. Charles engraved in line, stipple, and in aquatint; but he is best known by his series of caricatures, chiefly of events connected with the War of 1812, or with local politics. These war etchings were issued in 1813, in con- nection with S. Kennedy; they were published in monthly sets of four, at $1.50 per set to subscribers, and $2.00 to non-subscribers. As a publisher Charles was located at 32 S. Third St., Philadelphia, and among the books pub- lished by him were “The Vicar of Wakefield” and “The Tour of Dr. Syntax,” both illustrated by colored plates aquatinted by Charles after Rowlandson. | 45 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS CHENEY, BENJAMIN anp TIMOTHY These clock-makers of East Hartford, Conn., were working about 1781-1801; and their well-engraved brass clock-faces show very considerable skill in handling the burin. They are referred to by Mr. James Terry, in his “Ex Libris Leaflet, No. 4.” CHENEY, JOHN Born at South Manchester, Conn., Oct. 20, 1801; died there, Aug. 20, 1885. This unexcelled line-engraver of small heads and book illustrations was working as an en- graver in Boston in 1829, and in 1833 he went to Europe to study art, supporting himself there by engraving for American publishers. But disheartened by the lack of encouragement for art in this country, he virtually aban- doned engraving while he was still comparatively a young man. A life of John Cheney, by Ednah D. Che- ney, was published in 1889; and a very complete check- list of the engraved work of both John and Seth W. Cheney has been compiled by the late Mr. S. R. Koehler, Boston, 1891. John Cheney also drew upon stone for some of the Boston lithographers. CHENEY, SETH WELLS Born at South Manchester, Conn., Nov. 28,1810; died in Boston, Sept. 10, 1856. In 1829 S. W. Cheney joined his brother, John Cheney, in Boston, and with him learned to engrave. After working with a publishing © firm in Brattleboro, Vt., for about a year, he accompanied John Cheney to Europe in 1838, and studied in Paris un- der Isabey, Delaroche, and other French masters. Seth 46 ¥ HOLT x Sever4ores < sm Sireet and Dock Square MD a AY VWVAAS Paes Cucen Wh on - ee DWE and 7 v, La ‘Bile al te LSAAC BOSTON Printed Blanchard BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES W. Cheney returned home in 1834, and then spent sev- eral years in Ohio, with another brother, in an attempt at growing mulberry trees and rearing silk-worms. He again went to Kurope in 1837 and resumed his art studies in France, Italy, and Germany; and in 1841 he opened a studio in Boston. He there began to draw portraits in crayon, which by their artistic merit earned him much- deserved fame, and to Seth W. Cheney belongs the credit of having been practically the first among American art- ists to effectively work in “black and white.” The line- engravings of Seth W. Cheney are comparatively few in number. His life was written by Ednah D. Cheney, and published in Boston in 1881. CHILDS, CKEPHAS G. Born in Bucks Co., Pa., Sept. 8, 1793; died in Phila- delphia, July 7, 1871. Childs was taught to engrave by Gideon Fairman in Philadelphia, and as a “historical and landscape engraver” his name appears in the direc- tories of that city from 1818 to 1845, inclusive. Prob- ably his earliest signed work is to be found in S. F. Brad- ford’s edition of the Edinburgh Encyclopedia. Childs issued his “Views of Philadelphia” in 1826-38, many of these being engraved by himself. After a visit to Europe, he asociated himself with the artist Henry Inman, under the firm name of Childs & Inman. This firm, which was in existence from 1831 to 1835, brought P. S. Duval from Europe and placed him at the head of the lithographic department added to their general en- graving business. Inman drew upon the stone himself, and their deaf and dumb apprentice, Albert Newsam, AT AMERICAN ENGRAVERS executed some of his best work for the firm of Childs & Inman, and became the foremost lithographic artist of his day. Cephas G. Childs was a very good engraver of portraits in stipple and landscape and vignettes in line, though his signed work is not very abundant. In 1822 the firm of Childs & Carpenter was publishing elaborately en- — graved business-cards and script work in Philadelphia. About 1845 Childs abandoned engraving and inter- ested himself in newspaper work in Philadelphia. Along with Walter Colton he was one of the editors of the “Commercial Herald,’ John R. Walker being the pub- lisher. He was afterward commercial editor of the “North American,” published by Thomas R. Newbold. Childs established the “Philadelphia Commercial List,” and published that journal for many years at the corner of Dock Street and Bank Alley, Philadelphia. Childs was a soldier in the War of 1812, and was long interested in the volunteer military organizations of Phil- adelphia. He was for a time captain of the Washington Grays, and was colonel of one of the militia regiments of ~ his city. CHORLEY, JOHN About all that the writer has been able to discover about this man is that he was a fairly good line-engraver of portraits and book illustrations, and was working in Boston as early as 1818. Upon a well-executed Bible print the name is signed I. P. Chorley Sc. John Chorley, about 1825, married Maria Byron Doyle, the daughter of an artist and portrait-painter of 48 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES considerable reputation and formerly keeper of the Columbian Museum, in Boston. CHUBB, T.Y. About 1860 Chubb was an engraver of portraits in mezzotint and in a mixed manner. He worked for the book publishers. CHUBBUCK, THOMAS This man was an engraver of portraits and landscape - in hnne and stipple. He was located in Springfield, Mass., in 1860. | CLARK, A. Dunlap says that A. Clark was born at Cooperstown, N. Y., and about 1825 he and Ralph Rawdon were members of the firm of Rawdon, Clark & Co., general engravers of Albany, N. Y. In 1834 Clark was in busi- ness in New York City. CLARK, JAMES In 1840 James Clark was an engraver of bank-notes, cards, etc., with an establishment at 67 Broadway, New York City. CLARKE, THOMAS | The name of this engraver in the stipple manner first appears in 1797, when he was engraving portraits and subject plates for the “American Universal Magazine,” of Philadelphia, and illustrations for an edition of “Tele- machus” published by David Longworth, of New York. 49 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS He was apparently in both cities in this year, as he signed his plates respectively 7'. Clarke, Sculpt. Philadelphia, 1797 and engrav’d by Tho’s. Clarke, N. Y. Clarke was engraving in New York at least as late as 1800; but Dunlap says that he went South about this time, became deranged, and then committed suicide. CLASSEN, WILLIAM M. This name is signed to a few well-engraved line-plates of buildings and book illustrations as Wm. M. Classen, Eng. No. 1 Murray St. cor. of B. Way. (New York). The apparent date of these plates is about 1840—50. On one plate seen the name is signed J. M. Classen Sc., though the work seems to be the same. CLAY, EDWARD W. Born in Philadelphia, Pa., in 1792; died in New York, Dec. 31, 1857. Clay is said to have been a midshipman under Commodore Perry; but he later studied law and was admitted to the Philadelphia bar on Nov. 12, 1825. He had, however, a decided leaning toward art; he drew some of the plates engraved for Childs’ “Views of Phila- delphia,”’ and he drew upon stone for the lithographing firm of Childs & Inman. Clay was a merciless caricatur- ist and some of his lampoons of fellow-citizens are said to have caused him much personal inconvenience. In the Philadelphia directories of 1835-36 his profession is given as “artist.” He engraved several fairly well-exe- cuted plates in the stipple manner, the best of these being a portrait of the Rev. Joseph Eastburn. His caricatures were etched. 50 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES Clay is said to have studied art in Europe for five years. Later in life, his eyesight failing him, he aban- doned art and became clerk of the Chancery Court, and of the Orphans’ Court, in Delaware. CLAY POOLE, JAMES, JR. This name as J. Claypoole, Jr. delin. et Sculp' is signed to a large and coarsely engraved “Prospective View of the Pennsylvania Hospital with the Buildings as intended to be erected.” It is advertised in the ‘““Pennsy]- vania Gazette” of Oct. 29, 1761, as “just published,” and it was to be sold for “1 shilling plain and Two coloured” by James Claypoole, on Walnut Street, Philadelphia, and also by David Hall,” the latter a printer of that city. In a letter to his son, Rembrandt Peale, under date of 1812, Charles Willson Peale says that James Claypoole, Jr., was living in Philadelphia in 1762, and Peale saw some of his paintings. He later married a Miss Rench, of that city,and after her death he sailed for London with the purpose of seeking the patronage of Benjamin West. But his vessel was driven out of her course by storms and Claypoole finally reached Jamaica, settled on that island, and remarried there. Peale further says that James Claypoole, Jr., was the son of James Claypoole, a house- painter and glazier of Philadelphia, who was in that busi- ness there at least as early as 1747; as is shown by a bill in possession of the writer, in which he charges for paint- ing leather fire-buckets, sash-lights, etc. James Clay- poole, Jr., was the uncle of the American painter Mat- thew Pratt; and Pratt says that his uncle instructed him in “all branches of the painting business.”’ 51 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS The late Mr. Charles R. Hildeburn suggests that Claypoole was probably the engraver of a large plate caricaturing the advance of the Paxton boys upon Phila- delphia, published in that city in 1764, but unsigned. This plate, however, is dedicated to the citizens of Phila- delphia by “H. D.,” and it is more probably the work of Henry Dawkins. CLEMENS, ISAAC The “New York Gazette,” Oct. 28, 1776, contains the following advertisement: “Isaac Clemens, Engraver (who lately arrived with his Majesty’s Fleet from Bos- ton, in New England), informs the Gentlemen of the Navy and Army, and the Public in general, that he now carries on the ENGRAVING BUSINESS, at his Shop near the French Church, in King St., New York.” This advertisement disappears in a very short time, and Mr. Clemens probably went back to Engen as nothing more is known about him. CLOVER, LEWIS P. Born in New York, Feb. 20, 1819; living in 1864. Clover studied drawing under William Page and for three years he worked in the studio of Asher B. Durand as an engraver. He finally adopted painting as a profes- sion and followed it successfully for some years. In 1850 he became a deacon and later a priest in the Protestant Episcopal Church, and was rector of a number of churches. The University of Kentucky, in 1858, con- ferred upon him the degree of D.D. 52 OE ee ee ee BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES No engraved work signed by Clover has been seen by the compiler, but in 1853 he edited a reprint of Burnet’s “Practical Hints on Composition in Painting,” and he is said to have made the etchings illustrating this work. COBB, G. Cobb was a book-plate engraver working about 1800, but without indication of place. He was most probably an American, as the only plate signed by him is of the pictorial type, with an American eagle bearing an oval frame once containing a name, now carefully erased; there is a scratchy landscape at the base. COLLARD, W. Was a line-engraver of portraits, working for the mag- azines about 1840—45. CONE, JOSEPH Cone was a clever engraver in both stipple and in line, and he was chiefly engaged upon portrait work. He is said to have been a brother of the Rev. Spencer H. Cone, who came from New Jersey to Philadelphia, in 1802, to accept a position as a teacher in Dr. Abercrombie’s Academy. Joseph Cone possibly came with him to study engraving. In any event, Joseph Cone was engraving over his own name in Philadelphia in 1814-19, inclusive. In the period 1820—24 he was engraving prints and pub- lishing them in Baltimore, Md. He also worked for Bos- ton publishers, and in 1829-30 his name reappears in the Philadelphia directories as an “engraver.” 58 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS CONN, JAMES James Conn, writing-master at Elizabethtown, N. J., advertises, in 1771, his intention to teach writing, arith- metic, mathematics, geography, etc., and adds to his notice the following: | “Furthermore, the said Conn at leisure Hours, en- graves Shop Bills, Bills of Parcels, Bills of Exchange, or any Kind of Writing for the Rolling-Press, in the neat- est Manner.” , CONNY,JOHN John Conny, or Cony—for the name is spelled both ways—was a prominent gold- and silver-smith, of Bos- ton, at least as early as 1700. On Oct. 21, 1700, we find John Chester, of Wethersfield, Conn., writing to him, directing him to make a silver service and a silver tank- ard, and to mark them with his arms and a cipher. Sil- ver-plate made by him is still preserved. The MSS. Archives of Massachusetts, under date of March 12, 17702—08, note the indebtedness of the Colony “To John Conny for graving 3 plates for Bills of Credit, £30.00.0.”’ And on Nov. 26, 1706, the same records show that, to prevent counterfeiting, the plate for the bills was to be provided with “Eight blazons and put on by the engraver.” ‘This Massachusetts currency of 1702 in- cluded little more than the engraved script and the seal of the Colony; and the earlier bills of 1690 approach it so closely in general design and excution, especially in the character of the decoration at the top of the note, that there is a strong possibility that both plates were made by the same man. If this assumption were correct, John 54 eke paid Dy HARBESON BILL-HE ‘ENGRAVED BY ; fo HENRY DAWKINS | Ontr 17764... ae eA! as al ak ta ike f “ i 72 fs \ Loy Dt iba $0702, att LPH | Ee EL 4 a oe Bd Je of by Bop pe, Fe aes Ue andet Cettles of all Sz SeaSer at, Cu e be Pvt, aucsfrans, YD olev, Ve hoe = ae Poli, rafsTk cltles a, Ponter- ano Cope of, oper Coris fore ialls Brafes analron Seat othe ” al, pasonatle sages: a ! irs aieatey pore ad sc nN BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES Conny would be the first American engraver upon cop- per of record. COOK, T. B. In 1809-16 T. B. Cook was engraving portraits in stipple for Wm. Durell and other book publishers of New York. COOKE, GEORGE It is difficult to locate the engraver of this name; or to decide whether some of the plates so signed were exe- cuted in England or in the United States. In 1812 a George Cooke engraved American and Canadian land- scape plates which were published in London. About 1816-18 work very similar in style was published in the “Port Folio,” of Philadelphia; these latter landscape plates were engraved from drawings made by Alexander Wilson, J. J. Barralet, George I. Isham, and other American artists. It would thus appear that the George Cooke of 1812. was in Philadelphia in 1816-18. The prolific English engraver of portraits in outline, George Cooke, was working in London in 1812-16; but his style of work is very unlike that of the landscape plates referred to. The American artist and portrait-painter, George Cooke, was born in St. Mary Co., Md., March 11, 1793. He studied art in Europe in 1826-30, and established himself in New York on his return to this country. It is not known that this man ever attempted to engrave; and the plates signed by George Cooke as engraver are too well done to be ascribed to any prentice hand. 55 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS COOKE, JOSEPH In the “Pennsylvania Gazette,” Philadelphia, May 7, 1789, Joseph Cooke advertises himself as goldsmith, jew- eler and hair-worker. He closes by announcing, “Church, State or County Seals, Coats of Arms, &c. and all man- ner of Engraving on steel, silver, gold or metal, executed in the best manner and at the lowest prices.” COPLEY, JOHN SINGLETON Born in Boston, Mass., July 3, 1737; died in London, Sept. 9, 1815. This famous American portrait-painter was the stepson of the English portrait-painter and mez- zotint engraver Peter Pelham, who died in Boston in 1751. On May 22, 1748, his first wife having died, Pel- ham married Mary Singleton Copley, the widow of Rich- ard Copley and the mother of the subject of this sketch. John Singleton Copley doubtless received instructions from his stepfather in both portrait-painting and in en- graving. As evidence of the latter statement there exists a small but creditably executed mezzotint plate of the — Rev. Mr. William Welsteed, of Boston, in New Eng- land. 'This plate is signed J. S. Copley pinat. et fecit. William Welsteed died in 1753, and this plate was prob- ably engraved about this date. CORAM, T. The signature T'. Coram Sc. is signed to a plate cover- ing the entire back of a $70 bill of the State of South Carolina, dated Feb. 8, 1779. The design is well drawn and represents “Prometheus Bound,” but the engraving is poorly executed in line. 56 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES Coram was living in Charleston, S. C., in 1802, as his name, 7". Coram del, Charleston, is signed to an engrav- ing of the arms of South Carolina used in the title of the map of that State accompanying John Drayton’s “His- tory of South Carolina.” CROSS, A. B. This engraver of landscape was a pupil of A. L. Dick in 1840. He is said to have abandoned engraving early in his life for some other business. CROSS, P. F. Born in Sheffield, England; died in Philadelphia in 1856. Cross was a die-sinker and served in that capacity in the Mint of England before he came to Philadel- phia, about 1845, and became an assistant to James B. Longacre, chief engraver of the U. S. mint. Cross engraved the obverse of the Ingraham medal, among other work. CUSHMAN, GEORGE H. Born at Windham, Conn., June 5, 1814; died in Jersey City, N. J., Aug. 3, 1876. Cushman was a pupil of Asaph Willard, the Hartford engraver, and he be- came an admirable line-engraver of landscape and book illustrations. But he was chiefly known as a miniature painter of high rank, though he did not do much work professionally. He was also a fine water-colorist in every department, these water-colors, like his minia- tures, being remarkable for purity and simplicity of character. 57 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS CUSHMAN, THOMAS H. This clever engraver in line was working in New York in 1840; but only two of his plates, a portrait of Jesse Buel and a view of Lake George, have been found by the compiler. He may have later engaged in bank-note work. DAGGETT, ALFRED This reputable line-engraver of portraits and bank- note vignettes was the uncle and the first preceptor of the American artist J. F. Kensett. Daggett was engray- ing in New Haven, Conn., in 1835, and he was a member of the engraving firms of Daggett & Ely and Daggett, Hinman & Co. The work signed by these firm names, however, is usually excuted in stipple. DAINTY, S. This man was engraving landscape in a mixed man- ner, about 1840, in Philadelphia. John Dainty was a copperplate printer in Philadelphia, working as early as 1817, and this S. Dainty may have been his son. DANBY, J. “Poulson’s Advertiser,” Philadelphia, May 29, 1822, — contains the advertisement of “J. Danby, Engraver in General, from London.” ‘This notice says that he en- graves on “Gold, Silver, Copper, Brass, Wood, &c. in a superiormanner’ ; but no signed work by Danby is known to the compiler. DANFORTH, MOSELY ISAAC Born in Hartford, Conn., Dec. 7, 1800; died in New York, Jan. 19, 1862. In 1818 Danforth was an appren- 58 2 -* > ae me , ‘aS + of 6h Lh UP ee a BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES tice to Asaph Willard, of The Graphic Company, of Hartford, and he became a meritorious line-engraver of portraits and bank-note vignettes. He established him- self in business in New Haven in 1821, but soon after re- moved to New York. Danforth was one of the founders of the Drawing Association of 1825, and of the National Academy of Design in 1826. Danforth went to London in 1827 and remained there about ten years, and some of his largest and best plates were engraved in that city. Uponhis return to New York he became interested in bank-note engraving as a busi- ness. He was a member of the firm of Danforth, Under- wood & Co. about 1850; about 1858 this firm was merged into the American Bank Note Co., and he was vice-presi- dent of the latter company at the time of his death. Mr. Danforth went abroad in 1827 to study art at the Royal Academy in London; but he was chiefly successful as a painter in water-colors; some of his sketches were very popular and brought high prices. DARBY, J.G. This name, as engraver, is signed to a view of Niagara Falls and to a map of the region about the Falls, both published in Buffalo, N. Y., in 1838. DARLEY, FELIX OCTAVIUS CARR Born in Philadelphia, June 23, 1822; died at Clay- mont, Del., March 27, 1888. He was the son of John Darley, an actor of reputation who first appeared on the American stage in Philadelphia in 1794, and died in that city in 1858. F. O. C. Darley was placed in a mercantile 59 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS house at the age of fourteen; but he devoted his leisure time to drawing. Some of his sketches finally attracted attention, and he commenced his career as a popular and prolific American illustrator. Darley etched several series of his designs in outline; notably those illustrating scenes from the works of Irving and Cooper. These plates were published by the Amer- ican Art Union about 1856. DAVIES, CHARLES WILLIAM Born at Whitesboro, N. Y., June 21, 1854; living in 1901. Davies learned to engrave upon copper and steel in Utica, N. Y.; was in partnership with his preceptor for two years, and then went into business for himself in Syracuse, N. Y. He was burned out after a short time; and after working at his business in various places, in 1881 he established himself in Minneapolis, Minn., as the pioneer engraver of that city. No signed work of this en- graver is known to the writer. DAWES, H. M. H. M. Dawes was a book-plate engraver, and was probably a member of the Massachusetts family of that name. He engraved a book-plate for Rev. Wm. Emer- son (1769-1811), the father of Ralph Waldo Emerson. Dawes must thus have been working prior to 1811. DAWKINS, HENRY Henry Dawkins was one of the earlier engravers in the American Colonies, and in a document of record he describes himself as an “engraver and silversmith.” He 60 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES was located in New York as early as 1754, when he en- graved a book-plate for John Burnet, an attorney of that city; and in 1755 Dawkins advertises in the “New York Mercury” that he had Jeft Anthony Lamb, with whom he had lately lived, and “has now set up his business op- posite the Merchants Coffee House in New York, where he engraves in all sorts of metal.” Dawkins then seems to have gone to Philadelphia, as he was working with James Turner in that city in 1758, and in 1761 he en- graved the title-page and music for “Urania,” a music- book published by James Lyon, A. B., in Philadelphia. He remained in Philadelphia until 1774, when he re- turned to New York. According to the “American Archives,” edited by Peter Force, Dawkins was arrested in May, 1776, some- where in the vicinity of New York, and was charged with engraving, printing and issuing counterfeit Continental, Connecticut and Massachusetts paper money. He was put into prison and in the trial ensuing he confessed that he engraved the plates, but he implicated the Tory “Riv- ington, the printer,” in the enterprise. It appeared from the evidence that Dawkins had been previously impris- oned in New York for a similar crime. On Oct. 19,1776, he was still in jail; and on that date he petitioned the Provincial Congress of New York for “the termination of his sorrows by death, inflicted in what manner the Honourable House may see fit.’’ This is the last heard _of Dawkins and his ultimate fate is uncertain. As an engraver Dawkins was chiefly occupied in the production of book-plates, bill-heads, map ornamenta- tion, etc. This work is executed in line and is fairly good. 61 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS His large plate of Nassau Hall, at Princeton, is probably his best work; and his one known portrait plate is that of Benjamin Lay, an eccentric Quaker of Philadelphia. The latter plate is atrociously drawn and poorly engraved. Thomas Westcott, in his “History of Philadelphia,” assigns to Dawkins the engraving of several large and unsigned plates caricaturing events in the political his- tory of Philadelphia in 1764. Westcott gives no author- ity for his statement; but Dawkins was located in Phila- delphia at that time, and the work is poor enough, and it is possible that he engraved them. | The following advertisement from the “Pennsylvania Journal,” July 19, 1758, is interesting as throwing some light on the range of Dawkins’ work as an engraver: “Henry Dawkins. Engraver from London. Who lately wrought with Mr. James Turner; having now, en- tered into business for himself, next door to the sign of Admiral Boscawen’s head; in Arch-Street; where he en- graves all sorts of maps, Shop-keepers bills, bills of par- cels, coats of arms for gentlemen’s books, coats of arms, cyphers and other devices on Plate; likewise seals and mourning rings cut after the neatest manner and at the most reasonable rates. N. B. Those Gentlemen who please to favor me with their custom may leben upon having their work done neatly and with dispatch.’ DEARBORN, NATHANIEL Born in New England, 1786; died in South Reading, Mass., Nov. 7, 1852. Nathaniel was the son of Benjamin Dearborn, a man of some scientific attainments. At an 62 — JOHN HANCOCK — ENGRAVED BY sts PAUL REVERE tere V Engraved for Roy?American Magazine VolI ie) a N ° .Efq ‘JOHN HANCOCK ] b me The Ho BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES early age he was apprenticed to Abel Bowen, in Boston, to learn wood-engraving; and in 1814 Dearborn was in business for himself as an engraver on wood, with an of- fice on School Street, Boston. He also engraved upon copper, in the stipple manner, a few portraits and views, of little merit. In the “Daily Columbian Centinel,” Boston, Dec. 15, 1880, Dearborn advertises that he teaches the flute, “‘after his new and original system’’; but he adds to the foot of this notice, “Engravings on Wood, Brass and Copper, and Perspective Drawings for Patents, as usual.” In April, 1881, in the same paper, he announces “that orders for printing from Copper-plates will be faithfully attended to at No. 6 State-street,”’ where he had installed “a beau- tiful new improved Press, with metallic cylinders.” Dearborn also published several books: among them “The American Text-Book for making Letters”; “Bos- ton Notions” (1848); “Reminiscences of Boston and a Guide through the City and its Environs” (1851) ; and a “Guide through Mount Auburn.” DEELEY, C. All that is known to the writer of this man is that he engraved in line a fairly well-executed plate showing “The New Hampshire Granite Ledge, at Concord, N. H.” The plate is signed C. Deeley Sc. Boston. The ap- parent date is about 1835—40. DELANEY, J. E. This man was a line-engraver of portraits and land- scape, working for the magazines about 1850. 63 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS DELLEKER, GEORGE With the profession of “engraver” appended, this name appears in the Philadelphia directories for 1817 —24, inclusive. He was possibly engraving in that city earlier than the first-named date, as we find portraits of naval heroes of the War of 1812 executed by him, and evidently intended for popular distribution. He was later associated with the engraver G. H. Young, under the firm name of Delleker & Young, in the general engrav- ing business in Philadelphia. DELNOCH, LUIGI Born in Italy; died in New York about 1888. Delnoce was an admirable engraver of book illustrations, appear- ing in New York publications of 1855-60; but he was chiefly engaged in bank-note work. DEWING, FRANCIS A Boston newspaper heralds the arrival of this early American engraver in New England as follows: “Bos- ton, July 30th, 1716. Lately arrived from London, Francis Dewing, who Engraveth and Printeth Copper Plates. Likewise Coats of Arms and Cyphers on Silver Plate. He likewise Cuts neatly in wood and Printeth Callicoes.” The latter accomplishment probably refers to the hand printing of calicoes from wood blocks, a method still in use a century ago. In 1722, Dewing engraved and printed a large map of “The Town of Boston in New England, By John Bonner, 1722, Aetatis Suae 60.” The plate is signed as Engraven and Printed by Fra. Dewing 64 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES Boston N. E. 1722. Sold by Capt. John Bonner and Will'm Price against ye Town House where may be had all sorts of Prints, Mapps etc. This map is fairly well engraved for a plate of the kind and period: it was re- published with alterations in 1739, 1743 and 1769 and was reéngraved in facsimile in 1835, by George Girdler Smith, a Boston engraver. No original impression of Dewing’s plate has been seen by the writer. DICK, ALEXANDER L. Born in Scotland about 1805. Dick was a pupil of, Robert Scott, areputable engraver of Edinburgh; hecame to the United States in 1833 and in time he established an extensive engraving business in New York City. While Dick doubtless did some engraving himself, he was the employer of many engravers; and as all plates issuing from his place bore his name, it is piscaceilye im- possible to identify his individual work. A. L. Dick was the father of James T. Dick, the American artist, born in New York in 18384, and who died in Brooklyn, Jan. 19, 1868. DODSON, RICHARD W. Born at Cambridge, Md., Feb. 5, 1812; died at Cape May, N. J., July 23, 1867. Dodson was an excellent line- engraver of portraits and book illustrations. He was a pupil of the Philadelphia engraver James B. Longacre, and he made some of the best portraits in the National Portrait Gallery, published by Longacre & Herring. Dodson is said to have abandoned engraving for another business in 1845. 65 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS DONEY, T. This capital engraver of portraits in mezzotint came to Canada from France; and after working for some time in [llinois and Ohio, he established himself in busi- ness in New York about 1845. Doney engraved a num- ber of meritorious portrait plates for the “Democratic Review” and other New York and ee ae peri- odicals. DOOLITTLE, AMOS Born in Cheshire, Conn., in 1754; died at New Haven, Conn., Jan. 31, 1832. Originally an apprentice to a silver- smith, Doolittle early learned to engrave upon metal. In 1775 he joined the Revolutionary army at Cambridge and served through that campaign. His artist friend Ralph Earle made some rather curious drawings of the engagement at Lexington and Concord; and these Doolittle engraved on copper and published in New Haven in 1775. They are very roughly engraved, but interesting historically and highly prized. Barber, in his “History and Antiquities of New Haven,” gives a copy of the original advertisement of these plates, as follows: “This day published, and to be sold at the store of James Lockwood, near the College, in New Haven, four different views of the Battle of Lexington, Con- cord, etc., on the 19th of April, 1775. “Plate I. The Battle of Lexington. “Plate II. A view of the town of Concord, with the Ministerial troops destroying the stores. “Plate III. The Battle of North Bridge, in Concord. 66 ee aes ets my r £ BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES “Plate LV. The South part of Lexington, where the first detachments were joined by Lord Percy. “The above plates are neatly engraved on copper from original paintings taken on the spot. Price, six shillings per set for the plain ones; or eight shillings coloured. “December 13th, 1775.” Doolittle engraved a considerable number of portraits, views, Bible illustrations, book-plates, etc., all executed in line, and including a small view of the Battle of Lex- ington done very late in his life in connection with Mr. Barber. His work, at the best, possesses little other than historical interest. Mr. Barber credits Doolittle with engraving the first historical plates donein America. Mr. Barber overlooked Paul Revere’s plate of the Boston Massacre, published in 1770; and Romans’ “Exact View of the Late Battle at Charleston” was published in Philadelphia in Septem- ber, 1775, or about three months before the appearance of Doolittle’s views of Lexington and Concord. | DOOLITTLE, SAMUEL A “Goodwin” book-plate, signed S. D. Sct. 1804, 1s assigned to this name in the descriptive catalogue of the late exhibition of early American engravings held under the auspices of the Museum of Fine Arts, in Boston. DOOLITTLE & MUNSON This firm was engraving portraits, bank-notes, etc., in 1842, in Cincinnati, O. The second member of this firm may have been S. B. Munson, living earlier in New 67 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS Haven. Some good line work of about this period, signed A. Doolittle Sc., may be the work of the first member of this firm. The work referred to is too well done to have been engraved by Amos Doolittle, of New Haven, and this latter Amos died in 1882. A view of the engraving establishment of Doolittle & Munson is to be found in a work entitled “Cincinnati in 1842,” published in that city. The sign shown calls them bank-note engravers. DORSEY, JOHN SYNG Born in Philadelphia, Dec. 23, 1783; died there Nov. 12, 1818. This eminent American surgeon published, in 1813, his “Elements of Surgery,” “with plates by John Syng Dorsey, M.D.” These plates are etched and some- times finished in stipple; they are excellently done. Dr. Dorsey also etched several good book-plates. DOTY & JONES | This firm, about 1880, was engraving portraits in stipple. DOUGAL, W. H. | Born in New Haven, Conn., about 1808; was living in Washington, D. C., in 1853. Mr. Alfred Jones says that his name was originally Macdougal,and he was so known for a time; but for some reason he later dropped the “Mac.” He was a good engraver of landscape and por- traits, the latter being executed in a mixed manner. In 1853 he was in the employ of the U.S. Treasury Depart- ment at Washington, D. C. 68 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES DRAPER, JOHN The directories of Philadelphia contain the name of “John Draper, engraver,” continuously from 1801 to 1845. Dunlap says that Draper was an apprentice with Robert Scot, of Philadelphia, and was living in 1833. Draper was engraving for Dobson’s edition of Rees’ En- cyclopedia in 1794—1803; and in 1810 he was a member of the bank-note engraving firm of Murray, Draper, Fairman & Co. On the death of George Murray in 1823 this firm became Fairman, Draper, Underwood & Co. and was in existence in 1829. In 1835 the firm of Draper, Underwood, Bald & Spencer was engraving bank- notes in Philadelphia and New York; and in 1838, Draper, Tappan, Longacre & Co. had similar estab- lishments in these cities. That there was a younger Draper, is shown by the existence, as late as 1860, of the bank-note engraving firms of Draper & Co. and Draper, Welsh & Co., both working in Philadelphia. Aside from the encyclopedia work referred to, no plates have been found signed by John Draper alone as en- graver. DRAYTON, J. Drayton was an engraver of landscape in aquatint and an expert print colorist. At least as early as 1820 he was working in Philadelphia. He was later employed for some years as a draftsman in one of the Government de- partments in Washington. Drayton engraved a few book illustrations in line. J. Drayton was the father of Henri Drayton, an oper- atic singer of some reputation. ! 69 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS DRESHER, A. Dresher was a landscape engraver of little merit, work- ing in New York about 1860. DUDENSING, R. This good engraver of portraits and landscape, in stip- ple and in line, came to the United States from Germany about 1857. About 1880 he established a book publish- ing house in New York, which is still in existence. He died in 1899 during a visit to the old home in Germany. DUFFIELD, EDWARD Edward Duffield was a clock- and watch-maker of Philadelphia, and he was also a die-sinker and engraver of medals. He engraved the silver medal presented to Col. John Armstrong, in 1756, as a memorial of the de- struction of the Indian village of Kittanning by Arm- strong; and he made the dies for the medals prepared in 1762 for distribution among the Indians by The Friendly Association for the Preservation of Peace among the In- dians. The dies for this latter medal cost £15; they were cut upon punches fixed in a socket, and the impression was made by the stroke of a sledge-hammer. DUNLAP, WILLIAM Born in Perth Amboy, N. J., in 1766; died in New York City, Sept. 28, 1839. Dunlap, in 1784, studied art with Benjamin West in London; on his return to the United States he became interested in the drama, wrote several plays and was for a time manager of the Park 70 ane’ REV. THOMAS HISCO ENGRAVED BY _ SAMUEL OKE 177s She Kite? dM, © late Psteryf: the Bu plist v7 ho ae nWeste ‘takenfroman mal Proturéey PIacreted C. ae, <Foke. Che. i hrpteiman *g Te echo by Keak kelkey Tren tuellers &Siateonens on A xbliride Nap oath eS BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES Theater, in New York. He later resumed painting and was the author of a number of works on history and the drama. In his “History of the Rise and Progress of the Art of Design in the United States,” Dunlap says that he was taught the theory and practice of engraving by Peter R. Maverick in New York. He further tells us that in Mav- erick’s shop he engraved a frontispiece for ‘‘a dramatic trifle’ published in New York in 1787 or 1788. This note possibly refers to an octavo stipple portrait of the actor Wignell, the only known example of which is in the print collection of the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston. This print is very cleverly done, and is inscribed Mr. Wig nell | in the character of Darby. | Wm. Dunlap del. et fec’. | DUNNKEL, E. G. | E. G. Dunnel was a student in the National Academy of Design, in New York, in 1887; and in that year he secured the third prize for drawing. He became a good engraver of landscape and book illustrations; and in 1847 he was in the employ of Rawdon, Wright & Hatch, an engraving firm of New York. Soon after this latter date he is said to have abandoned engraving for the pulpit. DUNNEL, WILLIAM N. This clever engraver in line and stipple was one of the many pupils of A. L. Dick, of New York. Dunnel was engraving for the magazines about 1845; but he con- tracted bad habits and disappeared. 71 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS. DURAND, ASHER BROWN Born in Jefferson, N. J., Aug. 21, 1796; died in South Orange, N. J., Sept. 17, 1886. Durand’s father was a watchmaker and in his father’s shop he acquired some knowledge of the elementary processes of engraving. In 1812 he was apprenticed to the engraver Peter Maverick, and in 1817 he became a partner of his preceptor, under the firm name of Maverick & Durand. The reputation of Asher B. Durand as an engraver in pure line was estab- lished by his large plate of the “Declaration of Indepen- dence,” after the painting by John ‘Trumbull. His “Mu- sidora,” engraved in 1825, was also one of his important plates of this period; and his portrait work has never been surpassed in excellence by an American engraver. For a time he was interested in the business of bank-note engraving; in 1825, in connection with his brother Cyrus Durand, and in the same year he was a member of the firm of Durand, Perkins & Co. About 1836, A. B. Durand abandoned engraving for the brush and palette, and he soon became as famous as a painter of landscape as he had been as an engraver; and to this branch of art he devoted the remainder of his life. In 1895 the Grolier Club, of New York, published a very full check-list of the engraved work of Asher B. Durand. DURAND, CYRUS Born in Jefferson, N. J., Feb. 27, 1787; died at Ir- vington, N. J., Sept. 18, 1868; he was the elder brother of Asher B. Durand. In 1814 Cyrus Durand was in business as a silversmith in Newark, N. J. But he was a 12 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES most ingenious mechanic, and among his earlier inven- tions was a machine constructed for Peter Maverick, then of Newark, for ruling straight and wavy lines in connec- tion with bank-note work. ‘This was the first of a long series of improvements and inventions intended for use in the production of bank-notes; and Cyrus Durand is cred- ited with having made the first American geometrical lathe. Though not an engraver himself, Cyrus Durand de- voted his life to the invention and perfection of machinery used in bank-note work; and his services were so impor- tant in this connection that his name can not be omitted from the present record. | DURAND, JOHN Two well-engraved vignettes on the title-pages of the works of William Cowper and 'Thomas Gray, published in New York by R. & W. A. Bartow, but undated, are signed Engraved by J. Durand. In answer to a query, Mr. John Durand, of Nice, Italy, and son of Asher B. Durand, writes that these vignettes were engraved by John Durand, a younger brother of A. B. Durand, who died about 1820, aged twenty-eight years. Mr. Durand says that his father always maintained that his brother John was the most talented member of the family at the time of his death. DURAND, THEODORE Durand was a script engraver, working in New York in 1835. 73 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS DURAND, WILLIAM This nephew of A. B. Durand was a man of very con- siderable mechanical ability. He was engraving for bank-note companies in New York in 1850. DUTHIE, JAMES Born in England and was there taught to engrave. Duthie was engraving book illustrations on steel in New York in 1850-55. Some of his best line work appears in the illustrations in an edition of Cooper’s works, pub- lished in New York in 1860. EARLE, J. All that is known of this man is that he was engraving portraits in Philadelphia in 1876, in connection with James R. Rice. ECKSTEIN, JOHN John Eckstein was a portrait-painter, a modeler in clay, and an engraver of portraits executed in a somewhat curious stipple manner. In the proposals for publishing his engraving of a “Representation of a Monument of General Washington” (“Poulson’s Advertiser,” Phila- delphia, Feb. 19, 1806), he is referred to as “Formerly historical painter and statuary to the King of Prussia.” His name appears in the Philadelphia directories of 1796-97 as “limner and statuary,” and again in 1805 —06; from 1811 to 1816 his occupation is given as “en- graver,’ and at intervals in this period he appears as “a merchant.” He was painting and engraving as late as 1822. 74 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES | Eckstein’s few portrait plates are inscribed as “Painted and Engraved by John Eckstein’; and they are executed in a combination of stipple and roulette work, hard in effect. In 1806 he modeled a statue of Washington fora proposed monument; and in the same year he issued pro- posals for, and engraved for the Society of the Cincin- natus, the plate noted above. In 1809 he engraved illus- trations for an edition of Freneau’s poems, published by Lydia R. Bailey, of Philadelphia. This engraver, though a German, should not be con- founded with Johannes Eckstein, a German portrait- painter and excellent engraver in mezzotint, who died in London in 1798. EDDY, ISAAC Several exceedingly crude line-engravings of Bible subjects are signed Isaac Eddy, Sculp’t W eathersfield, Vt. These plates were published by Merifield & Coch- ran, of Windsor, in 1812, for the “First Vermont Edi- tion” of a Bible. EDDY, JAMES "This reputable engraver of portraits in stipple was working in both Boston and New York in 1827. He seems to have established himself in New York about this time, as he was employed by book publishers of that city for some years thereafter. Eddy was engrav- ing portraits on steel in 1830, and some of these steel plates are signed as Engraved at Pendleton’s, indica- ting that he was then in the employ of this Boston pub- lisher. | 75 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS EDWARDS, S. ARENT Born in 1862 in Somersetshire, England; living in New York in 1906. Mr. Edwards was a student at the Kensington Art School in 1877—81, and was then taught to engrave in mezzotint by Appleton, Josey & Alais, of London. He first exhibited examples of his engraving in the Royal Academy in 1885. In 1890 Mr. Edwards came to the United States and established himself in New York; and made book illus- trations, portraits, and subject plates. He has very suc- cessfully revived the art of printing in colors from mezzo- tint plates, and has deservedly achieved a reputation. His color plates are issued absolutely without “retouch,” or without touching up with water-colors, as is too usual in prints of this description. EDWIN, DAVID Born in Bath, England, December, 1776; died in Phil- adelphia, Feb. 22, 1841. David Edwin was the son of John Edwin, an English comedian of some fame, and Mrs. Walmsley, a milliner of Bath. He was apprenticed. to C. Jossi, a Dutch engraver then working in London, and he accompanied his master to Holland in 1796. Dis- agreeing with Jossi, Edwin left him, shipped as a sailor on board a vessel bound for Philadelphia, and landed in that city in December, 1797. In Philadelphia Edwin found employment with the book publisher T. B. Freeman; and he was then for a time in the employ of Kdward Savage. The first engrav- ing made by Edwin in this country is said to have been 76 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES the frontispiece to a selection of Scottish airs collected by Benjamin Carr. But Edwin’s marked ability as an engraver of por- traits in the stipple manner soon gained him abundant independent employment, and he became the most popu- lar and prolific engraver of portraits in the United States. | In 1830 impaired health and failing sight compelled Edwin to abandon engraving. He was then employed for several years as a clerk in the auction rooms of his old friend Mr. 'T. B. Freeman; he was next assistant treas- urer at the Chestnut Street Theater, and later opened a small grocery store. In 1835 he was made treasurer of the newly organized Artists’ Fund Society, of Philadel- phia; and having fallen heir to a small legacy about the same time, he was enabled to pass his remaining years in comfort. The first check-list of the engraved work of David Kd- win was compiled by the late Charles R. Hildeburn, and published in the “Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography,” in April, 1894. In 1905, Mr. Mantle Fielding, of Philadelphia, privately printed a “Cata- logue of the Engraved Work of David Edwin,” which is the most complete list yet issued, including a number of plates and states not described by Mr. Hildebrand. ELLIS, EDWIN M. This engraver of portraits and landscape, working both in stipple and in line, was in business in Philadel- phia in 1844. 77 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS ELLIS, GEORGE B. In 1821 Ellis was a pupil of the Philadelphia engraver — Francis Kearny; and in 1825-87, inclusive, he was in business for himself in the same city. His name disap- pears from the Philadelphia directories in 1888. George B. Ellis first attracted attention as an en- graver by his excellent copies of English engravings, made by him for an edition of Ivanhoe. He produced some very good portraits; but his best work is found among his small Annual plates. ELLIS, W. H. W. H. Ellis was a good line-engraver of landscape and book illustrations. His work appears in Philadelphia publications of 1845-47. ELY, A. Ely engraved the script title-page, the music, and a curious “musical” vignette for “The Songster’s Assist- ant, etc., By T. Swan, Suffield, Conn. Printed by Swan and Ely.” The work is undated, but seemingly belongs to the first decade of the last century. ‘The only copy known is in the Watkinson Library, of Hartford, Conn. ; and for this item the compiler is indebted to the courtesy of Mr. A.C. Bates, of the Connecticut Historical Society. EMMES, THOMAS The earliest known attempt of a portrait engraved upon copper by an American engraver, is the work of Thomas Emmes, of Boston. This is a portrait of the Rev. Increase Mather, and appears as a frontispiece to 78 ~ = ie a . 7 vd > ait A at we A te : 4; ~ en ' , " } dae ; vy PRS wt “iy . 5 aT . Re “aay i ; a. oe ws , 7 ; . JOHN ADAMS | ENGRAVED BY JAMES SMITHER — Osrr 1800 x‘ ee SANS by Witleam Cobbeti (797 P76. ADAMS N ZF i RAN i} (yy i i AN AN H \ i WN \} Olish ‘ a A Ny AN N AN \ \ N Ny JO Lit \) NN iN N \ Wi \} Nt \ NY) HY WR \ ‘ih \) \ \ \ \ WY \ NNN AA NSS OHS Ge Phaitadclphii, 4 bs r t 1 : x ’ tra iad . a at A 4 * a4 Ste + a ee ‘t a4 ” BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES “The Blessed Hope, etc.,’ published in Boston, New England, in 1701 by Timothy Green for Nicholas Boone. The plate itself is a very rough attempt at a copy of a London portrait engraved either by Sturt or by Robert White, and is little more than scratched upon the copper in nearly straight lines; it has a strongly cross-hatched background. The plate is signed Tho*. Emmes. Sculp. Sold by Nicholas Boone 1701. In the Boston Public Library there are two copies of a work entitled “Ichabod, or, A Discourse showing what Cause there is to Fear that the Glory of the Lord, is de- parting from New-England,” published in Boston in 1702. Each copy contains the Emmes portrait of Dr. Mather. But one plate, dated in 1701,has no background at all; and the other, published in 1702, shows the back- ground; in other words, there are two states of the orig- inal plate of 1701, one with and the other without a back- ground. That a seemingly earlier impression of a plate should appear in a later imprint can only be explained by assuming that the plate without a background was en- graved for “The Blessed Hope” and a number of im- pressions were struck off; but, believing that a back- ground would improve the print, one was put in and these later impressions were used, as stated, in 1701. Then, when the “Ichabod” was printed in 1702, some of these rejected first impressions were used in that book. Quoting Savage’s “Genealogical Dictionary,” Dr. Samuel A. Green, of the Massachusetts Historical So- ciety, suggests that the engraver Thomas EKmmes was possibly the eldest child of Thomas and Mary (Paddle- ford) Eames, of Cambridge, who was baptized July 12, 79 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS f 1663. But Mr. Wilberforce Eames, of the New York Public Library, says that this could not be, as the Thomas Eames referred to by Dr. Green was killed by Indians in 1675. - ENGELMANN, C.F. An elaborate, curiously designed, and crudely engraved Birth and Baptismal Certificate, published about 1814, is signed E'ng’d and sold by C. F. Engelmann on Penns- mount near Reading (Pennsylvania). The design fol- lows closely similar work emanating from the community of Seventh Day Baptists, at Ephrata, Lancaster Co., Pa., which is in the vicinity of Reading. ENTZING-MILLER, T. M. This man was a designer for engravers, and an en- graver of portraits in line. He did good work and was located in Philadelphia and in New York in 1850-55. EXILIOUS, JOHN G. This reputable line-engraver of landscape and build- ings was working in Philadelphia in 1810-14. He was, in 1810, one of the founders of the Society of Artists, in Philadelphia, but nothing more is known about him. His largest and best plate is a view of the Pennsylvania hos- pital, engraved in 1814 after his own drawing. FAIRCHILD, LOUIS | Born in Farmington, Conn., in 1800; was living in New York in 1840. Fairchild learned to engrave with Asaph Willard, in New Haven, and became an etcher 80 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES and line-engraver of landscape. He also painted por- traits in miniature and is said to have excelled in that branch of art, though he did little work as a painter. FAIRMAN, DAVID A brother of Gideon Firman, is mentioned as an en- graver, though none of his work has been found. David was born in 1782 and died in Philadelphia on Aug. 19, 1815. His obituary refers to him as “a respectable Artist.” FAIRMAN, GIDEON Bornin Newtown, Fairfield Co., Conn., June 26,1774; died in Philadelphia, April 18, 1827. Fairman was an _ apprentice with a mechanic in his native village, but he was later sent to Isaac and George Hutton, of Albany, N. Y., to learn silver-plate engraving. In 1796 he com- menced business for himself in Albany as an engraver; and in 1810 he removed to Philadelphia and became a member of the bank-note engraving firm of Murray, Draper, Fairman & Co. But at the same time he de- signed for engravers and engraved in line in his own name. In 1818, Fairman accompanied Jacob Perkins and Asa Spencer to London, to compete for a liberal prize of- fered for a means of preventing the forgery of bank-notes. The Americans submitted a method of “engine-turning,”’ and while they failed to secure the first prize they re- ceived a considerable sum in recognition of the excellence of their work. Fairman and Perkins then entered into partnership with the English engraver Charles Heath, $1 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS and published prints made by the “Patent hardened steel process.” Fairman returned to Philadelphia after a short time and was a partner of Cephas G. Childs in 1824, and in 1826 he was a member of the firm of Fairman, Draper, Underwood & Co. He is said to have been a colonel of militia in the war of 1812. FAIRMAN, RICHARD | Born in 1788; died in Philadelphia in December, 1821. Mr. C. Gobrecht says that Richard was a brother of Gid- eon Fairman, and in 1820 he was working in the estab- lishment of the latter engraver. He was engraving sub- ject plates in line in Philadelphia as early as 1812. FARMER, JOHN Born in Half Moon, Saratoga Co., N. Y., Feb. 9, 1798; died in Detroit, Mich., March 24, 1859. Farmer | was educated near Albany, N. Y., and taught school in that city. In 1821 he removed to Michigan, became a surveyor, and drew the first published map of Michigan. He afterward published a number of maps of Michigan, Wisconsin, Lake Superior, Detroit, etc. It is stated that he engraved the most of these maps himself. John Farmer held many important city offices in Detroit. FELCH, —— This name is signed to some poorly executed landscape work published in 1855, with no indication of place. FETERS or PETERS, W. T. A crudely engraved stippled portrait of the Rev. John Davenport, of Connecticut, is signed “W. T. Feters,” | 82 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES though this may be a mistake of the letter-engraver for Peters. The plate has no indication of its origin; and the only reasons for ascribing it to an American are the poor quality of the work and the fact that the subject is Ameri- can. The date of publication is probably about 1820. FIELD, ROBERT Robert Field, portrait-painter and engraver, is said to have been born in Gloucester, England; and a Halifax newspaper records the item that “Robert Field, Esq., an eminent artist, very much regretted, died at Jamaica, on August 9th, 1819.” William Dunlap says that Field came to New York about 1793, and was a handsome, stout, gentlemanly man, and a favorite with gentlemen. He tells little else, other than that he went to Halifax, after painting very good miniatures in Boston, Philadelphia, Baltimore, and New York. Field was in Philadelphia in January, 1795; and on August 1 of the same year he published his portrait of Washington in New York City. While in the United States he engraved in stipple, and in a pleasing manner, portraits of Washington, Jefferson, Hamilton, and Shakespeare ; but he was chiefly occupied in painting miniatures. Among the latter may be mentioned Wash- ington and Jefferson, after Stuart, and Charles Carroll of Carrollton—both of the latter engraved by Longacre —and William Cliffton and J. EK. Harwood, engraved by Edwin. Dunlap mentions his portraits of Mrs. Allen, of Boston, and Mrs. Thornton, of Washington, D. C. About 1808 Robert Field removed to Halifax, Nova 83 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS Scotia, and he seemingly remained there until 1816, painting portraits; and he there engraved at least one large plate, a full-length portrait of Governor-General Sir John Coape Sherbrooke, published in Halifax in 1816. He painted this portrait, and those of Governor Sir George Prevost and Governor Sir John Wentworth, for the Government House in Halifax. The portrait of Governor Prevost was engraved by S. W. Reynolds, and published in London in 1818, but without any credit to the artist. Mr. Harry Peirs, curator of the Provincial Museum of Halifax, writes that in addition to those mentioned there are a number of Field’s portraits in that city, all showing decided ability. He notes the portrait of Bishop Charles Ingles, now in the National Gallery in London; and portraits of Adam Dechezeau, John Lawson, Mi- chael W allace, and William Bowie, all citizens of Halifax. One brief published biography says that Robert Field “went to Canada, studied theology and later became prominent in the Episcopal Church.” ‘This is evidently an error, as the most diligent search of the official church records shows that there was no Robert Field among the Episcopalian clergymen of that country. The evidence is that he was painting portraits practically up to the time of his death. He probably returned to England for a short period; as Algernon Graves, in his “Dictionary of Artists,” mentions R. Field as “a portrait painter of Halifax, N.S.,” who exhibited at the Royal Academy in London in 1818. He probably went from London to Jamaica, and died there, as stated, in 1819. An interesting letter of Robert Field is preserved 84 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES among the “Dreer Manuscripts” in the Pennsylvania Historical Society. It is addressed to Robert Gilmor, Jr., of Baltimore, and is dated in Philadelphia, Jan. 18, 1795. In this letter Field refers to the Robertson portrait of Washington which he afterward engraved. He says that “this miniature of the President is as good a likeness and as fine a piece of painting as I ever saw”; and goes on to say that he had engaged to engrave it of the same size “with some ornaments to surround and make it more interesting.” But as Mr. Robertson intended te go to India, he declined the large plate and proposed to sell the miniature to Field for $1000. Field thought this price extravagant; though he adds that “it might be worth while even on those terms, if in my power.” On what terms he finally succeeded in getting the portrait to engrave, is not stated. Field notes that he already had plenty to do in Phila- delphia, where he says he was “making a figure” in the Academy of Arts and Sciences lately established in that city. He hoped to succeed Robertson as a miniature painter. FITCH, JOHN Born in South Windsor, Conn., Jan. 21, 1743; died in Bardstown, Ky., in June or July, 1798. John Fitch, the inventor of the steamboat, received a common school edu- cation and was apprenticed to a clock-maker at an early age. For some time he followed this business, combining with it the manufacture and engraving of brass and sil- ver buttons. After some service in the Revolution as a 85 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS gunsmith, in 1780, he was appointed a deputy-surveyor by the State of Virginia and made extensive surveys in Kentucky. He was a prisoner among the Indians in 1782-83. ; In 1785 Fitch made a map of the northwest country for the use of explorers, basing his work upon the maps of Hutchins and Morrow and his own explorations. ‘This map he crudely engraved upon copper hammered out and prepared by himself; and he printed the maps upon a press of his own manufacture. According to his adver- tisement in the “Pennsylvania Packet” of June 30, 1785, Fitch sold this map for “a French crown’; and he ap- parently disposed of a considerable number of impres- sions, as his biographers state that with $800 thus raised he formed a steamboat company in 1787 and commenced building a 60-ton boat. ‘The remainder of the career of this unfortunate and unappreciated inventor is too well known to need further mention in this place. FOLWELL, SAMUEL Born about 1765; died in Philadelphia, Nov. 26, 1813. Folwell probably came from New England, as he en- graved book-plates in 1792 for residents of New Hamp- shire. In 1798 he came to Philadelphia as a miniature painter, a cutter of silhouettes, and a “worker in hair” ; he also conducted a school in that city for a time. Very few examples of the engraved work of Folwell have been seen; and his two portraits are executed in a combination of aquatint and stipple which is rather pleasing in effect, though showing an unpractised hand. 86 ad aod eat: ee JOHN HANCOCK © . ENGRAVED BY ry Ss SNe woaa7. Pers WAS LIOR SS = SRRACRE ELAR. 5 SRS STS SN PASS — . Rly oe =" SST’ . PEN Waa ates we: Sets hie Shree Bees - AS VEL. BEN BALES Sew S) REIS SSS CEMA BASRECREOR @ roe SSS LLL PD BS EEG OW ew owt LILI ETS BL OAS Do a IT TEES BE TTT PID ITE YS a ee ae ow, LIT il dol fh Pe GTI LILA. a a a S35 Ss SRBVOVEN Sy oF ~~" xs A BNosty SST VAR BAC LAN TI ew if Z eee ies NS! SSS WARABAN LAA Ae ATVVOEL AVS VWI AOD SALE TA BACAR BTA ARIORANE RAIL AS WOE are a8 aw Oo, rages saan ae rae oats Mod JIL LIAL. SiS zy a RBAIOReLAWLBsay mS AVAL ALS Ra aN a nares 0a ow Wao a ae A ho WEEE SAAN NATRATL; RIS SIS) ar TATA TET TT Oy ee ae (ors @ ara? REV Sees. AERA ORS: SO RIS SS SON SST NARS SS RSS as! Ao Sb Sk A Dl =~ VEL aI SSS Ss BES ere OS ACL ERABRVACKR See 5 SAS ST SRRCRASRR SAD! WAC KAT RACRS, b} ci}) NY iv MN i} SSS es Histx?’ JOHN MANCOCK, Ef qr LATE PRESIDENT of the AMERICAN CONGRESS. ; Norman, Sculp & BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES FORREST, ION B. Born in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, about 1814; died in Hudson Co., N. J., in 1870. Forest was an apprentice | to the London engraver 'Thomas Fry, and he remained in the employ of Fry until he was induced, in 1837, to come to Philadelphia to engrave for the National Por- trait Gallery. In 1842 Forrest removed to New York and was there employed by the Putnams and other pub- lishers. He later turned his attention to miniature paint- ing. Forrest was a good engraver of portraits in the stipple manner; but some of his best work is found in the form of small fancy heads and vignettes. FOSSETTE, H. Was an engraver of landscape, working in New York about 1850, after drawings by A. Dick. FOSTER, C. Was a designer and bank-note engraver located in Cincinnati, O., in 1841. FOSTER, JOHN Baptized in Dorchester, Mass., Dec. 18, 1648; died in Boston, Sept. 9, 1681. In 1667 Foster was graduated from Harvard College; in 1669 he was teaching school in Dorchester; and in 1675 he established the first printing office in Boston, New England. From all the evidence available, Foster was the first engraver of a portrait in this country of whom we have 87 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS any record. This is a wood-block portrait of the Rev. Richard Mather; and one of the three known impressions has written upon it, in an almost contemporaneous hand, Johannes Foster, sculpsit. 'This particular impression was found by Mr. Wilberforce Eames, of the New York Public Library, as the frontispiece to a life of Richard Mather published in Cambridge, New England,in 1670; in 1702 it was bound up with several tracts by the then owner, and the supposition is that he wrote the inscrip- tion noted above. Another copy of this portrait, framed, is in the possession of the Massachusetts Historical So- ciety. It has the name of Richard Mather printed upon it in type, but has no indication of the engraver. Dr. Samuel A. Green, of the Massachusetts Historical Society, has made a close study of Foster as the possible engraver of this portrait; and from his contribution to the society proceedings on this head, and from mforma- tion given personally, we have the following confirmatory evidence: In 1671, the Indian apostle, John Eliot, refers to Foster, in a letter, as having engraved an A. B. C. book for the use of the Indians; no copy of this book is known to exist, but among the published books of Eliot note is made of “The Logic Primer for the use of the Indians,” 1672. Blake’s “Annals of Dorchester” (Boston, 1846) says, under date of 1681: “This year died Mr. John Foster, son of Capt. Hopestill Foster, Schoolmaster of Dorchester and he that made the then seal of the Arms of ye Colony, namely an Indian with a Bow & Arrow.” Dr. Green thinks that this note refers to a rude woodcut seal of arms found in Increase Mather’s “Brief History of 88 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES the War with the Indians in New England,” printed by Foster a few months before the appearance of Hubbard’s narrative, also printed by Foster, in Boston in 1677. In his funeral oration, delivered by his friend Thomas Tiles- ton, John Foster is referred to as “a cunning Artist’; and in the inventory of his estate, dated Oct. 5, 1681, mention is made of “carving tools’ and “cuts and coollors,” the latter possibly referring to printers’ ink. Foster is also credited with having engraved the rude woodcut map of New England issued with Rev. W. Hub- bard’s narrative of the troubles with the Indians in New England, published by John Foster in Boston in 1677. This map has been the subject of much controversy, as there are two distinct woodcuts of it differing widely in detail and especially in the spelling of local names. On this account one is known as the “White Hills” and the other as the “Wine Hills” map; the contention of the one party is that no New Englander could have made such glaring and numerous errors in spelling the names of — well-known New England localities as appear in the “Wine Hill” map, and that this map must have been made abroad. As it is somewhat better executed than the other, this is possible, but the evidence already quoted points to Foster as the engraver of the “White Hill” map, in which names are correctly spelled. From later notes on John Foster, contributed by Dr. Green, the following additional matter is taken: A letter of Wait Winthrop, of June 22, 1680, to his brother John Winthrop, at New London, Conn., says: “I have sent you a map of the towne, with Charlestowne, taken by M’. Foster, the printer, from Noodles Island. ‘T'was sent 3 39 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS for Amsterdam and y* printed.” ‘This was probably a view of the two towns, but no such engraving is known. After teaching school in Dorchester, Foster established his printing office in Boston in 1675. His place of busi- ness was “over against the Sign of the Dove” on the south side of Boylston Street, somewhere between W ash- ington and Tremont streets. Foster was buried in the burying ground in Dorchester, and in his will he provided for the erection of “a pair of handsome Gravestones.” These stones still exist; that at the head is elaborately chiseled and contains a Latin couplet written by Increase Mather. In this couplet Foster is referred to as studying the stars, he having been the author of six almanacs. FOW LE, E. A. This man was a landscape engraver, working in line in Boston in 1843, and in New York a little later. FOX, GILBERT According to Wm. Dunlap, Fox was born in England about 1776; was apprenticed to the London engraver Thomas Medland, and was induced to come to Philadel- phia in 1795 by James Trenchard, who bought his re- maining time from his master. Fox engraved a few por- traits and book illustrations for Philadelphia publishers and later became a teacher of drawing in a ladies’ acad- emy in that city. Dunlap says that he eloped with one of his pupils, lost his position, and then went upon the stage; and the Philadelphia directory of 1798 contains his name as “‘a comedian.” It was for Gilbert Fox that Joseph Hopkinson wrote 90 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES “Hail Columbia,” and Fox sang it for the first time at his benefit in 1798. Hopkinson, in telling how he came to write this famous song and in speaking of Fox, says: “I had known him at school.” Dunlap says that Fox was improvident and always in debt; and from the dates on his plates, up to 1806, he evidently continued to engrave in the intervals between theatrical engagements. FREDERICK, JOHN L. Frederick was an engraver of buildings and book illus- trations in business in Philadelphia from 1818 until 1845 ; though he at times also kept a “Music Store.” As he was engraving for Collins’ Quarto Bible, published in New York in 1816, it is probable that he came from that city to Philadelphia. His one known portrait, that of the Rev. Joseph Eastburn, is an attempt in stipple and is poorly done. John L. Frederick is said to have died in Philadelphia in 1880 or 1881. FREEMAN, Well engraved line-plates so signed are found in a quarto Bible published in New York in 1816; but noth- ing more is known as to the identity of the man. FREEMAN, E. O. This good line-engraver of historical subjects was working for Boston publishers about 1850. FREEMAN, W. H. W. H. Freeman was an excellent letter and script en- graver, working in Baltimore, Md., about 1830. He may 91 / AMERICAN ENGRAVERS have been the “Freeman” who was engraving in line in New York in 1816. FRENCH, EDWIN DAVIS Born in North Attleborough, Mass., Jan. 19, 1851. Entered Brown University in 1866, but owing to illness left that institution in 1868. In 1869 he began engraving on silver with the Whiting Manufacturing Co., and he went with that establishment when it removed its works to New York in 1876. Mr. French studied drawing and painting at the Art Students’ League of New York, un- der William Sartain, in 1883—86; he was later on the board of control of that organization until 1891, serving as president in 1890-91. : | In 1894 Mr. French began the designing and engray- ing of book-plates and similar work on copper, and in this branch of the art he has achieved a well-deserved repu- tation. Since 1894 he has designed and engraved 245 book-plates, chiefly for private owners, but he also made many for clubs and public institutions. Among the latter may be noted the beautiful plates designed and engraved for the Grolier Club, Union League, and Metropolitan Museum of Art, of New York; the Club of Odd Vol- umes, of Boston; Library of Princeton University ; Child Memorial Library, and other Harvard Library plates; Long Island Historical Society—Storrs. Memorial; Dean Hoffman Library, etc. For the Society of Icono- philes he engraved their first publication, a series of views of historical New York buildings, and he has also made a number of title-pages and certificate plates. In 92 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 1897 Mr. French moved his studio to Saranac Lake, N. Y., where he is still at work. FURNASS, JOHN MASON — Nathaniel Hurd, among other people, mentions in his will his sister Anne Hurd, wife of John Furnass; and to his nephew John Mason Furnass he bequeathed his en- graving tools. In 1785 Furnass was painting portraits in Boston, but book-plates and Massachusetts Loan certificates consti- tute the only engraved work by Furnass seen by the writer. FURST, MORITZ Born at Boesing, Hungary, March, 1782; living in New York in 1834. Furst was an engraver of dies for coins and medals, and was a pupil of Wurst, chief die- sinker in the Mint of Vienna, and of Megole, afterward superintendent of the Lombardy Mint. In 1807 Mr. Joseph Clay, U. S. Consul at Leghorn, induced Furst to come to the United States, as die-sinker in the U. S. Mint at Philadelphia; and in this capacity he engraved the dies for a large number of Congress medals awarded to military and naval heroes of the War of 1812. Furst was also engaged at the same time in general business, as he advertises (July 11, 1808) as an “Engraver of Seals and Dye-Sinker on Steel and other metals,” and asks for the patronage of the citizens of Philadelphia. He was in business as an “Engraver on Steel” in Philadelphia as late as September, 1820. | 93 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS G., L. These initials, as engraver, appear upon a reversed copy of acaricature originally etched by William Charles, of Philadelphia, and seemingly of contemporaneous date. The print represents a “Scene on the Frontier” ; the chief figure being an English officer paying Indians for American scalps. GALLAND, JOHN The name of John Galland, “engraver,” appears in the Philadelphia directories for 1796-1817, inclusive. He engraved in the stipple manner and with little effect. Probably his most ambitious work is a large portrait of Washington done after a similar plate by David Edwin. A number of portraits and historical plates executed by Galland are to be found in a history of France published by James Stewart, Philadelphia, 1796-97. GALLAUDET, EDWARD Born in Hartford, Conn., April 30, 1809; died there Oct. 11, 1847. He was the son of Peter Wallace Gal- laudet, merchant, and a nephew of Rev. Thomas Hop- kins Gallaudet, the educator of the deaf and dumb. Ed- ward Gallaudet was probably an apprentice with one of the several engraving establishments in Hartford; he then worked in Boston with John Cheney. Gallaudet was a reputable line-engraver, his best work appearing in the Annuals of 1835-40. A miniature portrait of Kdward Gallaudet is in the possession of his nephew, Mr. EK. M. Gallaudet, principal 94 1751-1821 ares N = _ Ska) i — Ss ——— 2 a oe oar Lt es : A .-" ee ey an ao ‘ od BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES of the Gallaudet College for the Deaf and Dumb ot Washington, D. C. GALLAUDET, ELISHA Born in New Rochelle, N. Y., about 1730; living in 1800. Elisha Gallaudet was the second son of Dr. Peter Gallaudet, one of the Huguenot settlers of New Rochelle; and in 1755 he was married to Jeanne Dubois, of the same town. As early as 1759 Gallaudet was in business in New York as an engraver, as is shown in an advertise- ment in the “New York Mercury” of March 5, 1759. In this issue appear proposals for printing by subscription “Six Representations of Warriors who are in the Service of their Majesties, the King of Great Britain and the King of Prussia. Designed after life with a Description as expressed in the Proposals.” Among the persons named as taking subscriptions for these prints are “Mr. Joseph Woodruff, Limner, in Dock Street. Mr. Mi- chael De Bruls, engraver, at Mr. Furer, Silversmith, in French Church Street; Mr. Elisha Galludet (sic), En- graver, in South Street, etc.” The writer is unable to identify these six prints. But the issue of July 30, 1759, of the same journal, apolo- gizes for the delay in their appearance, and goes on to say that the “editor” of these prints is required by the urgency of the “service” to be at his station at Fort Stan- wix. The further statement is made, however, that “five of above plates are finished and the sixth is actually en- graving.” From this it would appear that these portraits were actually produced in the Colony, and possibly en- graved by de Bruls or Gallaudet, or both. 95 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS Besides some early book-plates the only known en- graving by Elisha Gallaudet is a portrait of the Rev. George Whitfield, issued as a frontispiece to a “Life of Whitfield” published by Hodge & Shober, New York, 1774. This plate is very poorly engraved and is evidently a copy from an English print. In the list of subscribers to this book is the name of “Elisha Gallaudet, engraver, New York.” GANDOLFI, MAURO Born in Bologna, Italy, in 1771; died there in 1834. This master engraver in line, and a pupil of the famous Giuseppe Longhi, was probably the first of the really prominent European engravers to visit the United States professionally, though he never engraved here. Dunlap ' tells us that he came to the United States under a con- tract to engrave for $4,000 Col. Trumbull’s large plate of the “Declaration of Independence.” But owing to the relatively high cost of living in New York, he cancelled his engagement and returned to Italy. He took with him William Main, a young man of New York who had shown some early ability in engraving. Gandolfi promised to instruct him in the art; but owing to some personal disagreement they separated and Main went into the studio of Raphael Morghen, and remained there several years. GARDEN, FRANCIS The “Boston Evening Post,” March 4, 1745, contains the following advertisement: “Francis Garden, Engraver from London, engraves 96 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES in the newest Manner and at the cheapest Rates, Coats- of-Arms, Crests or Cyphers on Gold, Silver, Pewter or Copper. To be heard of at Mr. Caverly’s, Distiller, at the South End of Boston. “N. B. He will wait on any Person,in Town or Coun- ty, to do their work at their own House, if desired; also copperplate printing performed by him.” Nowork of any kind signed by Garden is known to the writer. GAUK, JAMES The New York directories for 1799-1804 contain this name as “engraver.” No work signed by Gauk is known to the writer. GAVIN, H. A fairly well-executed line frontispiece to Marmon- tel’s Belisarius is signed H. Gavin, Sculp. The work it- self was published at Newburyport, in 1796, for Thomas and Andrews, of Boston, Mass. No other example of Gavin’s work has been seen by the compiler. GAVIT, JOHN E. Born in New York, Oct. 29, 1817; died at Stock- bridge, Mass., Aug. 25, 1874. Gavit learned his business in Albany, N. Y., and he there founded an engraving, printing, and lithographing establishment. He later be- came especially interested in bank-note work, and in 1855 he assisted in organizing the American Bank Note Co., in New York. After serving as secretary for a time, he 97 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS was elected president of that company in 1866, and held that office until his death. The firm of Gavit & Duthie furnished a number of portraits for the magazines, but as they employed en- gravers the individual work is difficult to detect. GAW, R. M. This engraver was probably in the employ of Peter Maverick in Newark, N. J., in 1829. He engraved in line portraits and architectural work. | GIL, GERONIMO ANTONIO Born in Zamora, Spain, in 1732; died in the city of Mexico, April 16, 1798. Gul studied in San Fernando and in Madrid, and in 1756 he was awarded a prize for painting and in the same year he commenced engraving. He continued his studies in Rome in 1757, and in 1760 he was appointed chief engraver to the Mint in the city of Mexico. He engraved the dies for a number of medals and made the matrices and punches for the type foundry for the Royal Library, said to be one of the best outfits then in existence. He also engraved the portraits of Charles III, and of Palafox, Bishop of Puebla. GILES, CHARLES T. Born in New York, Aug. 25, 1827; living in Brook- lyn, N. Y., in 1900. This reputable line-engraver of landscape and historical subjects began work in New York in 1847, and was practising his profession as late as 1898. 93 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES GILLINGHAM, EDWIN A map of Boston and its vicinity, made from an actual survey by John G. Hales, is signed Edwin Gillingham Sc. This map, 24% <30%4 ins. in size, was published by John Melish, Philadelphia, 1819. It was republished by John G. Hales in Boston in 1820, and again in 1829. GILMAN, J. W. J. W. Gilman engraved the music and words in “The American Harmony, or Royal Melody Complete. etc.,” in two volumes, by “William Tan’sur, Senior. Musico Theorico,” and by “A. Williams, Teacher of Psalmody in London.” ‘The book was “Printed and Sold by Daniel Bayley, at his House next Door to St. Paul’s Church, - Newbury-Port, 1771.” The preface to the second part bears the date of Jan. 5, 1771. To various pages the en- graver signs his name as J. W. Gilman sculpt., I.W.G., J.W. G. sc., ete. A study of the “Gilman Genealogy” leads the writer to assume that this engraver was John Ward Gilman, born in Exeter, Mass., May 9, 1741, and died in the same place, June 16, 1828. There is no record of the career of John Ward Gilman, other than that he was postmaster of Exeter for forty years. Exeter is only about fifteen miles from Newburyport, and this crude work might have been done by the Gilman of the former town. GIMBER, STEPHEN H. Born in England and there learned to engrave, but he was working at his profession in New York as early as 1830; and in 1832—33 his name is associated on plates 99 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS with that of A. L. Dick, of that city. His name is found in the New York directories until 1842, when he prob- ably removed to Philadelphia, as he was in business in the latter city, as an engraver and lithographer, after 1856. Gimber was a good portrait engraver in stipple and mezzotint, and his early subject plates are in line; he also drew portraits upon stone. His son of the same name was also an engraver. GIMBREDHE, JOSEPH NAPOLEON Born at West Point, N. Y., in 1820. He was a son of Thomas Gimbrede and learned to engrave with his uncle, J.F. EK. Prud’homme. J. N. Gimbrede was in business as an engraver in New York in 1841—45, producing por- traits and subject plates. He was later a stationer with an establishment under the Metropolitan Hotel, No. 588 _ Broadway. GIMBREDE, THOMAS Born in France in 1781; died at West Point, N. Y.., Oct. 25, 1832. Gimbrede came to the United States in 1802 as a miniature painter; but he was engraving some excellent portraits in the stipple manner for the New York publishers, John Low and William Durell, as early as 1810. In 1816 he had an office at 201 Broadway, New York, and he furnished a considerable amount of work for the Philadelphia magazines, the “Port Folio” and the “Analectic.” On Jan. 5, 1819, Thomas Gimbrede was appointed drawing-master at the Military Academy at West Point, and he remained in that position until his 100 | BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES death. He continued to engrave, however, until late in life, as we find portrait plates engraved and published by him in 1881. He was a brother-in-law of J. F. E. Prud’homme, also an engraver of portraits in stipple. GIRARDET, P. A well-engraved line and stipple plate was published in New York in 1857 and entitled “Winter Scene in Broadway.” ‘The plate is signed as engraved by P. Gi- rardet from a painting by H. Sebron. As this is the only plate by this engraver known to the writer he can not say that the work was executed in the United States. The names of the engraver and painter are French; and though the scene is laid in New York the plate may have been made abroad. GIRSCH, FREDERICK Born in Biedingen, a suburb of Darmstadt, Germany, March 31, 1821; died in Mt. Vernon, N. Y., Dec. 18, 1895.. Left an orphan at an early age, young Girsch was forced to assist in the support of his mother and four sis- ters; and to this end he made use of his exceptional nat- ural talent for drawing. Having received some instruc- tion in painting from a local artist, one Carl Seeger, he earned some money by portrait-painting, and his portrait of a Princess attracted such general attention that a suf- ficient sum was raised by subscription to enable him to pursue his art studies at the Royal Academy of Darm- stadt, then one of the leading art institutions of Ger- many. He remained in Germany until the Revolution of 101 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 1848, when he obtained official permission to further pur- sue his studies in Paris; but he left that city for the United States in 1849. Mr. Girsch settled in New York, and having in the course of his art studies learned to etch and to engrave in line, the first work executed by him in this country was done for the then “New Yorker Criminal Zeitung.” As was then the custom, this publication issued “premium” engravings, and Mr. Girsch engraved two of these— “Die Helden der Revolution” and “Niagara Falls.” He rap- idly improved in the quality of his line work and made a number of portraits for the publishers of New York City. But it is as a bank-note engraver that Mr. Girsch did his best work and achieved a reputation. The issue of paper money by the Government, soon after the outbreak of the Civil War, demanded a class of work much su- perior to the earlier private bank-notes, and the most skilled line-engravers of the country were employed by the bank-note companies commissioned to provide this new money. Girsch soon found a recognized place among these men and was engaged in bank-note work practically up to the time of his death. Mr. Girsch engraved the “De Soto discovering the Mississippi” on the back of one of the early $10 notes; the head of Liberty on the 15-cent fractional currency, and the portrait of Washington on the 25-cent note of the same currency. He was particularly proud of a plate of peculiar interest and now almost unknown. This was the plate, 1214 ins., of the “Legion of Honor,” impres- sions from which President Lincoln proposed to present to all honorably discharged officers and soldiers at the ) 102 arn. Ait a -* fe } mall of e f # © Z z +35 : ‘7 PTs : . ‘eS ee Se - tiie pe : © oe i Pins Ge a i a ae 2 rr es TR ; Ry Fy a yp eee sgt OE ae oe Ea ee : Se etter . mae ae aS he 1754-1832 | 1832 BaP nS Wh 4: 0 ¢ BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES close of the Civil War. This plate was finished, but the tragic death of the President and the resulting confusion in public affairs prevented his intentions from being car- ried out, and very few impressions of the plate are in ex- istence. At the age of seventy-three years Mr. Girsch en- graved, in etching and in line, a large plate entitled “Grand Ma’s Toast,” which is an excellent piece of work; but another plate, “The Gypsey Girl,” 514714 ins., and executed for “his own pleasure,” about the same time, is in pure line and is probably as meritorious a plate as was ever engraved by him. GLADDING, K. C. Several rather poorly engraved “Rewards of Merit” are signed “K. C. Gladding Sc.” There is no indication of the place of origin, other than that the plates are un- _doubtedly American. Judging from the “bank-note” ornamentation the date of the plates is about 1825-30. GLOVER, D. L. Glover was an engraver of portraits and subjects, in line and in stipple, located in New York in 1850—55. GOBRECHT, CHRISTIAN Born in Hanover, York Co., Pa., Dec. 28, 1785 ; died in Philadelphia, July 23,1844. Christian Gobrecht was the son of the Rev. John Christopher Gobrecht, who was born in Augerstein, Germany, Oct. 11, 1733; came to America in 1755; was ordained a minister of the German Reformed Church on Sept. 28, 1766, and died at Han- 103 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS over, York Co., Pa., Nov. 6, 1815. The mother of Chris- tian Gobrecht was Elizabeth Sands, whose ancestor, James Sands, settled at Plymouth, Colony of Massa- chusetts Bay, in 1642. At an early age Christian Gobrecht was apprenticed to a clock-maker of Manheim, Lancaster Co., Pa., to learn the business; and at the end of his apprenticeship he established himself in Baltimore. By working upon the metal clock-faces of the period he learned engraving | and die-sinking; and as early as 1810 he engraved a creditable portrait of Washington for J. Kingston’s “New American Biographical Dictionary,” published in Baltimore. About 1811 he removed to Philadelphia, and while especially engaged in sinking dies for medals and other work of that nature he furnished a few good por- trait plates for the publishers of that city. Among his better-known dies may be mentioned the Franklin Insti- tute medal of 1825, after a design by Thomas Sully; a portrait medal of Charles Willson Peale; the seal of St. Peter’s Church, Philadelphia; and award medals for the Massachusetts Society for the Promotion of Manufac- tures, and the Massachusetts Charitable Mechanics Asso- ciation. In 1886 Mr. Gobrecht was appointed draughts- man and die-sinker to the U. S. Mint in Philadelphia, and he designed and made the dies for the dollar of 1836. On Dee. 21, 1840, he succeeded William Kneass as chief engraver to the Mint and held this office until his death in 1844. The dies made by Mr. Gobrecht are justly esteemed for the artistic excellence of the work put upon them. According to papers in the possession of his grandson, 104 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES Charles G. Darrach, C.E., of Ridley Park, Pa., Christian Gobrecht was the original inventor of the medal-ruling machine, a device whereby medals, etc., could be engraved directly from the relief face and a plate thus prepared for reproduction upon paper. This claim was disputed by Mr. Asa Spencer, of Philadelphia, as late as 1842; but the evidence is that in 1810, while still living in Balti- more, Mr. Gobrecht constructed the first ruling-machine ever made in which the ruler was stationary and the plat- form carrying the plate was moved under it. In 1816 he engaged Mr. Spencer to make for him a ruling-machine in which the platform was to be moved by a screw, instead of by an inclined plane as in the machine of 1810. But yielding to the objections raised by Mr. Spencer and by Jacob Perkins, he permitted a roller to be substituted for the screw; with the result that the machine produced would rule only straight, instead of wavy, lines. Mr. Gobrecht later had this machine changed to suit his original ideas, and in 1817 he produced with this new machine ahead of Alexander I of Russia, engraved from a medal. This production attracted much attention at the time and was “‘a subject of eager inquiry as to how it was done,” says Mr. Gobrecht. With the consent of Mr. Gobrecht, Messrs. Mason and Baldwin, in 1825, made a medal-ruling attachment to a ruling-machine made by Asa Spencer in 1817 for Richard Fairman. The same firm made a similar machine for Gideon F airman, a busi- ness associate of Asa Spencer. It should be explained that ruling-machines for pro- ducing straight equidistant lines, for background work, etc., were employed in England as early as 1776, and 105 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS were in common use in the United States in 1816; but it was not until about 1840—42 that Bates, in London, and ’ Asa Spencer, in Philadelphia, began to issue work that called general attention to the direct reproduction of medallic work by means of an improved ruling-machine. In 1842 Mr. Spencer publicly claimed the credit for the original invention of the medal-ruling machine; though on Aug. 8, 1830, he had written a letter to the “United States Gazette,” of Philadelphia—the original of which is still in existence—stating that “It was never my inten- tion to deny but always to admit, that Mr. Gobrecht was the first to discover the mode of ruling medals, as ex- hibited by his specimen published in 1817.” Mr. Go- brecht met the claim of Mr. Spencer by a statement call- ing attention to the above letter; by giving the names of men who made and of engravers who used his machines; and by finally pointing out that a Gobrecht medal-ruling machine was used in 1825 by the engraving firm of which Mr. Spencer was then a member. Mr. John Saxton, also of the U. S. Mint, later made valuable improvements on the medal-ruling machine, and eliminated the tendency to distortion in the resulting en- graving. At first the medal itself was used as a model, and a valuable specimen might thus be ruined. Mr. Spencer proposed a shellac impression of the medal for the medal itself; but this was open to the objection that it could be punctured by the tracing-point and a false transfer would result. To meet both of these objections Mr. Saxton used an electrotype model, which was even more satisfactory than the medal itself, for any acciden- 106 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES tal scratches or dents could be removed before ruling the plate. GODWIN, ABRAHAM Born in what is now Paterson, N. J., July 16, 1763; died there, Oct. 5, 1885; he was the son of Abraham God- win and Phebe Cool. Before he was fourteen years of age Abraham Godwin enlisted in a New York regiment as fife major and he served until the end of the Revo- lutionary War. At the close of the war Godwin became an apprentice to A. Billings, an indifferent engraver of book-plates, etc., located in New York. As an engraver Godwin ap- parently issued but few signed plates, and his work is akin to that of his master in quality. Abraham Godwin wrote verses, some of which were published in the newspapers of the day, and he was fond of sketching and painting. In his later days he was the proprietor of the old Passaic Hotel,in Paterson, and Dun- lap says that he was a brigadier-general in the New Jersey militia. He was the father of the late editor and author, Parke Godwin, who was born in Paterson, N. J., in 1816. In making this note the writer expresses his indebted- ness to Mr. William Nelson’s forthcoming history of Paterson, N. J. GOLDTHWAIT, G. H. This man, apparently a bank-note engraver, was work- ing in Boston in 1842. There is a “Miniature County Map of the United States,’ Drawn Engraved and Pub- 107 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS — lished by G. H. Goldthwait, Boston— 1842. The map is embellished with a border of small views of public build- ings, natural scenery, etc. GOODALL, ALBERT GALLATIN Born in Montgomery, Ala., Oct. 81,1826; died in New York, Feb. 19, 1887. At the age of fifteen Goodall en- tered the Texan navy as a midshipman, and saw active service during the Mexican-Texan war. In 1844 he went to Havana and there learned copperplate engraving. He removed to Philadelphia in 1848, commenced to engrave bank-notes on steel, and later connected himself with the New York company which became in time the American Bank Note Company. Goodall was president of this company for the last twelve years of his life. In 1858, Goodall visited Greece, Turkey, Russia, Nor- way, and Sweden, in the interest of the bank-note com- pany, and obtained many foreign orders to be executed in New York. The Greek bank-notes were the first for- eign notes engraved on steel, those of Russia coming next. Goodall also obtained large South American or- ders, and he was decorated by Alexander II of Russia and by the Emperor of Brazil. In 1860 he went to St. Petersburg, with five American engravers, to execute an order there and to instruct Russian engravers in Ameri- can methods. GOODMAN, CHARLES Born in Philadelphia about 1790; died there in 18380. Goodman was a pupil of David Edwin, and a good en- graver in the stipple manner. When he had learned his business he and his fellow apprentice, Robert Piggot, 108 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES founded the firm of Goodman & Piggot and produced a considerable number of portraits, etc., in Philadelphia. In 1822 Goodman abandoned engraving for the pro- fession of law, having been admitted to the Philadelphia bar on May 14, 1822. About the same time Robert Pig- got studied theology and became a clergyman. GRAHAM, A. W. Graham was born in England and studied engraving under Henry Meyer, a well-known London engraver. He came to the United States about 1832; and in 1884 _ he engraved some excellent views for the “New York Mirror.” He engraved a few portraits at a later date; but his best work is to be found in the small plates exe- cuted for the Annuals of 1885-40. Graham was located in Philadelphia in 1838—40 and in 1844-45, according to the directories of that city: he was living in New York as late as 1869. GRAHAM, GEORGE Of this clever engraver in mezzotint and in stipple, little more is known than that he was seemingly located in Philadelphia in 1797, and was working for New York publishers in 1804; he designed and apparently engraved a frontispiece for the “Proceedings of the Society of the Cincinnati,” published in Boston in 1812, and he was again engraving in Philadelphia in 1818. A G. Graham is referred to in Nagler’s Lexicon as an engraver in the stipple manner, but this man was pub- lishing prints in London in 1799. 109 ~ AMERICAN ENGRAVERS GRAHAM, P. PURDON | This name, as engraver, is signed to a well-executed line-engraving of Cadwallader Colden; after a portrait painted by Matthew Pratt, and belonging to the Cham- ber of Commerce of New York. The work was probably done about 1870-75, but nothing more is known about the engraver. GRAY & TODD This firm was engraving diagrams and script-work in Philadelphia in 1817. GREENWOOD, JOHN Born in Boston, New England, Dec. 7, 1727; died at — Margate, England, Sept. 15, 1792. Greenwood was a son of Samuel Greenwood, of Boston, and his wife Mary (Charnock) Greenwood, and a nephew of Prof. Isaac Greenwood, of Harvard College. In 1752 he went to Surinam, seemingly in a clerical capacity, and from there he went to Holland. In Hol- land he learned to engrave in the mezzotint manner. In 1763 he established himself in London as a painter and engraver of portraits, but in 1773 he abandoned art and became an auctioneer, in business at Haymarket and in Leicester Square. Greenwood is sometimes referred to as an early Ameri- can engraver; but there is no evidence that he ever prac- tised that art in this country. The portrait of Thomas Prince, engraved by Pelham in Boston in 1750, was painted by John Greenwood, and the statement that he 110 PETER RUSHTON MA om te W 1755-1811 Lend Ses sa ‘ Gy! An mut 08 08 ba ay a al <= = = = 4 = = 4 = Ly = = = =<. = a |e = is ee! = = as = pa == 4 = wei PI = == == : RALTRSB ESSERE CMECHSSEIHIMINE ; = LAMORE Uw UNAsU AMET RANTS ESTATE AULD RETO LGTT EN TE AUTEE PETRA N PONTE ACA Lil RSA as PEN PET TSP eH TAN MA ANU TRTE Ne THETA, ad Ks 5 “! } { aT i " ‘igh - ; ify i New-York uSoeety Lis CAUSA TAG A Eng. & PRM ZLiberip Stree? ae BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES learned to paint, as well as to engrave, in Holland, is un- founded. In 1760 he engraved in mezzotint a beautiful portrait of himself. GRIDLEY, ENOCH G. This engraver in both stipple and line was in business in New York in 1803-05 inclusive, and at a later date he was working for Philadelphia publishers. The latest date on any of his plates noted by the compiler is 1818. GROSS, J. This reputable engraver of portraits in stipple was working for the “National Portrait Gallery,” published in 1834; he was probably one of the group of engravers brought to Philadelphia by James B. Longacre. J. D. Gross was engraving portraits in mezzotint about the same time, but the work is so inferior in exe- cution to the stipple work of J. Gross, that it must be executed by anotherman. HAINES, D. D. Haines was an engraver of business-cards, etc., working in Philadelphia about 1820. HAINES, WILLIAM This excellent engraver of portraits, etc.,in the stipple manner, came from England to Philadelphia in 1802. He opened a studio at No. 178 Spruce Street, and ad- vertised that he painted portraits in water-colors “in a style entirely new in the United States”; and work of 111 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS this description seen by the writer proves that Haines was a master of this branch of his art. He produced a number of good portrait plates for American publishers and he also drew for other engravers. Haines returned to England about 1809, as his name disappears from the Philadelphia directory of 1810; and a subject plate en- graved by “W. Haines” was published in London in 1809. He was working in London for some years later than this. ~HALBERT, A. Halbert was a nephew of J. F. K. Prud’homme and was probably a pupil of that engraver. In 1835 he was working for the Harper Bros. in New York, and in 1838 he was in the employ of the engraving firm of Rawdon, Wright & Hatch, of the same city. Halbert was a good line-engraver of portraits and vignettes; as his signed plates are very few in number he was probably chiefly engaged in bank-note work. HALL, ALFRED BRYAN Born in Stepney, London, England, Nov. 18, 1842; living in New York in 1900. A. B. Hall was a son of H. B. Hall, Sr., and came to New York in 1851. After serving an apprenticeship of seven years with his father, he worked as an engraver with J. C. Buttre, H. Wright Smith, A. H. Ritchie and George E. Perine, all of New York. He was later a member of the firms of H.B. Hall & Sons and H. B. Hall Sons, until his retirement in 1899. He engraved over his own name a number of por- 112 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES traits, both large and small. He served for a time in the army, in the Civil War. HALL, ALICE Born at Halloway, London, England, Jan. 27, 1847; living in New York in 1900. She was a daughter of H. B. Hall, Sr., and while still young she evinced very con- siderable talent in drawing and etching. She etched por- traits of Washington, after Stuart and Trumbull, among other work; but illness in the family caused her to aban- don a profession in which she had made a promising be- ginning. — HALL, CHARLES BRYAN Born in Camden Town, London, Aug. 18, 1840; liv- ing in New York in 1906. C. B. Hall was the second son of H. B. Hall, Sr., and he came to New York in April, 1851, and commenced his studies under his father. In 1855 he was apprenticed to James Duthie, a landscape engraver then living in Morrisania, N. Y. Mr. Hall served for two years in the Civil War, and was discharged by reason of wounds and general disability. After work- ing about five years with George E. Perine, of New York, he started in business for himself as an engraver of portraits. Later, when the firm of H. B. Hall & Sons was established, it included H. B. Hall, Sr., H. B. Hall, Jr., C. B. Hall, and Alfred B. Hall. On the death of the father in 1884, the firm name was changed to H. B. Hall Sons, and Mr. E. H. Knight, a son-in-law of H. B. Hall, Sr., was a member until his death in 1896. After 113 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 1899 Mr. C. B. Hall carried on the business alone. Mr. Hall has engraved a number of large portrait and sub- ject plates and has engraved and published portraits and sketches of a very large number of officers of the ev War, both Union and Confederate. HALL, GEORGE R. Born in London, England, in 1818; he was a brother of H. B. Hall, Sr. George R. Hall commenced engrav- ing under the tuition of his brother, and then worked in London and in Leipsic. He came to New York in 1854, and was first employed by Rawdon, Wright, Hatch & Co., and was later engraving over his own name for the Putnams and other New York publishers. HALL, HENRY BRYAN Born in London, England, March 11, 1808; died at Morrisania, N. Y., April 25, 1884. H. B. Hall was a pupil of the London engravers Benjamin Smith and Henry Meyer; and he was later employed by H. T. Ryall, Historical Engraver to the Queen, to execute the portrait work in the large plate of “The Coronation of Victoria,” after the painting by Sir George Hayter. Mr. Hall came to New York in 1850, and soon established a very extensive business as an engraver and publisher of portraits. He had very considerable ability as a portrait- painter, and while in London he painted a portrait of Napoleon III, among others; and among his portraits painted in the United States are those of Thomas Sully and C. L. Elliott. He painted miniatures on ivory, and 114 | BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES etched a large number of portraits of men prominent in the Colonial and Revolutionary history of this country for a private club of New York and Philadelphia col- lectors. HALL, HENRY BRYAN, JR. Born in Camden Town, London, England; was living in New York in 1900. He came to New York with his father in 1850 and served his apprenticeship with his father. In 1858 he went to London and worked under Charles Knight for about one year, and then returned and established himself in the engraving business in New York. He served in the Civil War from 1861 until 1864, when he resigned with the grade of captain, as the result of a serious wound. He engraved many portraits of gen- erals and officers of the Civil War, and also a number of historical plates; but retired from business in 1899. Among his larger plates are “The Death of Lincoln,” and subjects after the paintings of J. G. Brown and other American artists. HALL, PETER Born in Birmingham, England, in 1828; died in Brooklyn, N. Y., July 5, 1895. Mr. Hall came to the United States in 1849 and learned to engrave in the New York establishment of the American Bank Note Com- pany. His special work was bank-note script engraving, in which he excelled. In 1886 he went into business in New York asa bank-note engraver; later the firm became Kihn & Hall, and is still in existence as Kihn Brothers. His son, Charles A. Hall, is now in the employ of the 115 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS Bureau of Printing and Engraving, at Washington, D.C. A well-executed stipple portrait of Washington, after the portrait by Mrs. E. Sharpless, is signed as Engraved by P. Hall and appears as a frontispiece to the “Memoirs of Thaddeus Koseiusko,” by A. W. W. Evans, New York, 1883. This plate was probably engraved by some one then in the employ of Mr. Hall. | HALPIN, FREDERICK Born in Worcester, England, in 1805, and was the pupil of his father, an engraver for one of the Stafford- — shire potteries. About 1827 Frederick Halpin was lo- cated in London, engraving historical subjects and por- traits. He came to New York about 1842, and for a time was in the employ of Alfred Jones in that city. He was a good engraver of portraits and book illustrations in stipple. His name is sometimes signed to prints as F’. W. Halpin. . } HALPIN, JOHN This engraver was a brother of Frederick Halpin, and he was engraving in St. Petersburg, Russia, before he reached the United States, by way of Halifax. About 1850 John Halpin was engraving landscapes and a few portraits for New York publishers. Some few years later he was employed by the Ladies Repository and the Methodist Book Concern, both of Cincinnati, O. HAMLIN, WILLIAM Born in Providence, R. I., Oct. 15, 1772; died there 116 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES Noy. 22, 1869; he was the fifth in direct descent from Giles Hamlin, an early settler in Middletown, Conn. In the early part of the last century many merchant vessels were owned in Providence; and as the trade with Afri- can, Chinese, and West Indian ports was quite extensive, Mr. Hamlin established himself in business as a manu- facturer and repairer of sextants, quadrants, and such other nautical, optical, and mathematical instruments as were used by the navigator. As engraving upon metal was part of his business he began experimenting upon copper; and his business- card of a later date adds to his business proper that of “Engraving & Copperplate Printing.” He was then located at the “Sign of the Quadrant, No. 131 S. Water St., Providence, R. 1.” As an engraver Mr. Hamlin made his own tools and worked practically without instruction. His plates show a somewhat weak mixture of mezzotint and stipple, fre- quently worked over with the roulette. Good impres- sions of his plates, however, show that he made the best of his limited opportunities. Mr. Hamlin saw Gen. Washington, on one of his vis- its to the Eastern States, and the impression made upon the engraver was so strong that his most important plates and his last work have Washington for their subject. Considering the Savage portrait as the best likeness, he followed that artist in his several portraits of Washing- ton; but he also held Houdon’s bust in high esteem and in his ninety-first year he engraved Washington after that sculptor. This was his last plate. Besides the portraits noted in the Hamlin check-list he 117 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS engraved quite a number of book illustrations. Person- ally Mr. Hamlin was a very retiring man, extremely modest, and very courteous. HAMM, PHINEAS E. The name of P. E. Hamm, “engraver,” appears in the Philadelphia directories for 1825-27, inclusive; until 1839 the same name and address are given, with “coal- dealer” as the occupation; and in 1840—45 Phineas E. Hamm was the assistant city treasurer of Philadelphia. The engraved work so signed is usually in line, though he executed a few good portraits in stipple. HAMMOND, J. T. Hammond was a good line-engraver of landscape and subject plates in 1839. In that year he was employed in Philadelphia, but he seems to have later removed to St. Louis, Mo. HANKS, O. G. Hanks was born in Troy, N. Y., and in 1838 he was learning to engrave in the establishment of Rawdon, Wright & Hatch, in New York. He was a capital line- engraver, both of portraits and landscape, and was prob- ably chiefly employed by the bank-note companies. He died about 1865, says Mr. Alfred Jones. HARRIS, JAMES A. line-engraving of a Madonna, well executed and published about 1850, is signed Ja’s Harris, Engraver, 118 ERT ROB at iL 7 4 _ = cs as E + xe = i - z » : — rd = he x Ae > . 7 £ : DA d ~ 2 4 = i f £ « Hod 2 * Led - - 4 a a é “ i - r “ * ane 2 case v AIT BOP re —_—s SS SS x ~ Ss es vy AS st y - i: AS ae ss NN One) WS Lot iT NUN iyi Sb 6iGt “te VEGMTL hg, / ae ao — au ol HAA a Bi UE ; if mS RS NN e — VEG ‘ Ae <A Mi MOSSES SASS A Correct View of Tae Lars Barrie at CHARLESTOWN June / iz hip7 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 58 Nassau Street (New York). No other plates of this engraver have been seen. HARRIS, SAMUEL Born in Boston, Mass., May, 1783; was drowned in the Charles River, while bathing, on July 7, 1810. The “Polyanthos,” Boston, 1812, published a memoir of Sam- uel Harris, and from this we learn that he was appren- ticed at an early age to his relative, the Boston engraver, Samuel Hill; and the first portrait executed by Harris appeared in the “Polyanthus” for 1806. Harris showed a wonderful aptitude for acquiring languages; and by patient effort and hard work he gained some considerable knowledge of the languages of the Continent and the East. His ability in this direction at- tracted the attention of some citizens of Boston, and by their aid Harris was enabled to enter the junior class at Harvard College in 1808. His death occurred while he was still at Harvard, and a Mr. Cranston, a fellow stu- dent, delivered a eulogy on Harris in the college chapel. As an engraver Harris worked both in line and in stip- ple, and his plates possess some merit and show great promise. HARRISON, CHARLES Charles Harrison, in 1840, was working as a letter en- graver in New York; in 1900 he was still employed in this capacity by the American Bank Note Co., of New York. : 3 119 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS HARRISON, CHARLES P. Born in England in 1788; was living in 1850. C. P. Harrison was the son of Wm. Harrison, Sr., and was brought to Philadelphia by his father in 1794. He was probably a pupil of his father in engraving. From 1806 until 1819 he was in business in Philadelphia as a cop- perplate printer; but in 1820—22 Harrison combined “engraving” with his printing establishment. In 1823 he was in business in New York; he remained nee until 1850 and possibly later. There is some very good line work signed by C. P. Harrison; but his stipple portrait work is inferior in exe- cution. He also attempted portrait- painting, with very indifferent success. Charles P. Harrison was the father of Gabriel Harri- son, the actor and author, born in Philadelphia in 1818 and living in 1894. HARRISON, DAVID R. This bank-note engraver was for many years in the employ of the American Bank Note Co.; and he con- tinued to engrave until he was nearly ninety years of age. HARRISON, RICHARD The name of “Richard Harrison, engraver” appears in the Philadelphia directories in 1820—22, inclusive, along with that of Richard G. Harrison, noted below. Previous to that time, or in 1814, he was engraving line frontispieces, etc., for F. Lucas & J. mae a, publish- ing firm of Baltimore, Md. 120 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES HARRISON, RICHARD G. This line-engraver was probably one of the “several sons” of Wm. Harrison, Sr., who came to Philadelphia in 1794. R.G. Harrison was engraving for the “Port Folio” in 1814, and possibly earlier than that for S. F. - Bradford’s Philadelphia edition of the Edinburgh Ency- clopeedia, of 1805-18. After 1822 he is called “bank- note engraver” in the Philadelphia directories, and in this capacity his name appears there continuously until 1845. 3 HARRISON, RICHARD G., JR. This younger R. G. Harrison was a mezzotint en- graver working in Philadelphia about 1860-65, chiefly upon portraits. HARRISON, SAMUEL Westcott, in his “History of Philadelphia,” says that Samuel Harrison was a son of William Harrison; was a pupil in engraving with his father before 1810, and died on July 18, 1818, aged twenty-nine years. ‘The only ex- ample of his work seen is a good line map of Lake On- tario and Western New York, engraved in 1809. HARRISON, WILLIAM Born in England; died in Philadelphia, Oct. 18, 1803. William Harrison is said to have been a grandson of John Harrison, the inventor of the chronometer. He learned to engrave in London, and was for a time in the employ of the Bank of England; he also engraved maps for the Kast India Company. | 121 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS In 1794 Wm. Harrison came to Philadelphia “with several sons” under an engagement to engrave for the Bank of Pennsylvania. He remained there until his death. The following announcement of the death of the elder Harrison, in “Poulson’s Advertiser,” Philadelphia, Oct. 19, 1808, is interesting in combining praise of the dead with a recommendation of the living engraver—his son. “Died, on the 18th. of the prevailing fever, Mr. Wil- liam Harrison, Senr., late engraver to many of the prin- cipal Banks in the United States. In the relative duties of a citizen, husband and friend, Mr. Harrison was social, affectionate and sincere; as a father, his worth is best ex- — pressed by the dignified grief of a widowed mother, and several children. In that branch of the’art which em- ployed the talents of this gentleman he stood preémi- nent;his productions are marked with the strength and ac- curacy of science beautified by the description of a chaste and masterly hand. 'The advancement of the polite arts, as it marks the progress of refinement in national taste, is interesting to every American gentleman. For this reason, while we regret the loss which science sustains by a deprivation of matured genius, we enjoy a satisfaction in being able to recommend to the patrons of the fine arts, Mr. Harrison, Jun., an artist whose degree of execution as an engraver has raised him to a superior eminence in the line of his profession.” HARRISON, WILLIAM, JR. This son of William Harrison was engraving in line in Philadelphia as early as 1797, signing himself W. 122 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES Harrison, Junior Sculpt. As an engraver his name ap- pears in the Philadelphia directories for 1802-19, in- clusive. He was a good portrait engraver in line, and also worked in stipple. Very little of his signed work is seen, and he was probably chiefly employed by the bank- note engraving companies. HARRISON, WILLIAM F. This excellent letter engraver was in the employ of New York bank-note companies in 1831—40. HARTMAN, C. Hartman was a very clever line-engraver of portraits, working, about 1850—55, for J. C. Buttre and other New York print publishers. HATCH, GEORGE WwW. Born, about 1805, in Western New York; died at Dobbs’ Ferry, N. Y., in 1867. Mr. Hatch was one of the first students in the National Academy of Design in 1826, and for a time he was a pupil of A. B. Durand. He was a good line-engraver, and in 1830 he was de- signing and engraving bank-note vignettes in Albany and in New York City. While he engraved portraits, landscape plates, and subject plates for the “Annuals,” his signed work is not plentiful. He was a member of the firm of Rawdon, Wright, Hatch & Smillie, was one of the founders of the American Bank Note Co., and he was president of that company in 1863-66. A large and well-engraved portrait of Washington 123 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS Irving, published in the ““New York Mirror” in 1882, is signed Engraved by Hatch & Smillie. HATCH, L. J. L. J. Hatch was a bank-note engraver in the employ of the Treasury Department, at Washington, D. C., about 1875. HAVELL, ROBERT Havell was born in England; was instructed in his art in that country and was engraving in aquatint in London as early as 1815. He came to New York about 1840, un- der an engagement to make the plates for the smaller and popular edition of Audubon’s “Birds of America,” pub- lished in New York in 1844. He worked at Sing Sing on the Hudson; and while in this country he executed in aquatint a series of large and capital views of American cities, and also designed plates for other engravers. HAY, DE WITT CLINTON Born in or near Saratoga, N. Y.; and in 1850 he was an apprentice with Rawdon, Wright, Hatch & Smillie, in New York. He devoted himself to bank-note engrav- ing as a member of the firm of Wellstood, Hanks, Hay & Whiting, of New York. | No plates signed by Hay as engraver have been seen by the compiler; but Mr. Alfred Jones says that Hay en- graved the small Annual plate of “The Oaken Bucket,” after the painting by Frederick S. Agate; this plate is signed by his employers— Rawdon, Hatch & Smillie. 124 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES HAY, WILLIAM This line-engraver of buildings and subjects was work- ing in Philadelphia from 1819 to 1824. HAY, WILLIAM H. This name is signed to plates found in C. G. Childs’ “Views of Philadelphia,” published in 1828. Both this man and the William Hay noted above were line-engrav- ers of similar subjects and about contemporaneous. There is enough difference in their style of work, how- ever, to encourage the belief that they were different men. HENRY, JOHN The name of “John Henry, engraver,” appears in the Philadelphia directory for the one year of 1798, and he was engraving well-executed business-cards in that city. In 1818 he was working for Baltimore publishers; and in 1828 he was engraving the illustrations for Madame Mothe Guion’s “Die Heilige Liebe Gottes,” published in Lancaster, Pa. He may have been some connection of William Henry, of Lancaster, Member of the Conti- nental Congress and prominent in Revolutionary affairs in that section; and in support of this suggestion we find that a John Henry was a pupil at the Franklin College, in Lancaster, in 1787. HERBERT, LAWRENCE The “Pennsylvania Gazette,” Oct. 16, 1748, contains the following advertisement: “Engraving on Gold, Sil- ver, Copper or Pewter, done by Lawrence Herbert, from London, at Philip Syng’s, Goldsmith, in Front Street.” 125 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS In 1751, Herbert apparently left Philadelphia, as on August 1 of that year he requests persons having any demands upon him to present them at the home of Peter David, in Second Street, Philadelphia. HEWITT, —— This engraver was working for the “Port Folio” and other Philadelphia magazines about 1820. He was an engraver of landscape in line. J. HEwIrT is noted as an engraver of music, published in New York, but without indication of date. HILL, JAMES In 1808 James Hill engraved some crude Bible illus- trations published in Charlestown, Mass. He also en- graved a large plate of the “Resurrection of a Pious Family,” after the painting by the English clergyman, Rev. William Peters. This was published in Boston, without date; but the copy of this print sold in the Clark sale, Boston, 1901, shows a watermark of “1792” in the paper; though this paper may be older than the impres- sion. It is executed in stipple, and a large plate of the same subject was engraved by Thomas Clarke and pub- lished in New York in 1797. HILL, JOHN Born in London in 1770; died at West Nyack, N. Y., in 1850. John Hill engraved in aquatint a considerable number of plates published in London, the best of these being a series of views after the paintings of J. M. W. 126 ? BENJAMIN FRA CHARLES WILLSO} ene 7 ee ae’ es BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES Turner, Loutherberg, and others. Hill came to New York in the summer of 1816, but soon removed to Phila- delphia, and remained there until 1824. He livedin New York from 1824 until 1839. The first plates executed in the United States by Hill were his small magazine plates of Haddrill’s Point and York Springs, Pa. He later is- sued his American drawing-books, with colored plates; but his best work is found in “The Landscape Album,” . a series of large aquatint plates of American scenery, after the paintings by Joshua Shaw, and published by Hill and Shaw in Philadelphia in 1820. His “Hudson River Port Folio” is an equally good series of still larger plates; these views on the Hudson were aquatinted by Hill after paintings by W. G. Wall. One of his late plates was a large view of Broadway, New York, pub- lished in 1836. He seems to have retired from active work soon after this date. HILL, JOHN HENRY John Henry Hill was a son of J. W. Hill and was born in 1889 and is still living. He is an etcher of land- scape. HILL, JOHN WILLIAM John William Hill was a son of John Hill, born in: England in 1812 and died in this country in 1879. He did some aquatint work; the best being a view of Blan- ford Church, Petersburg, Va., published in 1848. J. W. Hill later turned his attention to landscape painting in water-colors, and achieved considerable reputation. He also drew upon stone for the lithographers. | 127 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS HILL, SAMUEL As early as 1789 Samuel Hill was engraving in Bos- ton, and he made many portraits and early American views for the “Massachusetts Magazine,’ published in that city. In 1803 Hill engraved some Bible plates for the New York publisher, William Durell. In Russell’s Gazette, Boston, Feb. 14, 1794, Samuel Hill advertises as engraver and copperplate printer, with a shop at No. 2 Cornhill. HILLER, J., JR. A close copy of the Joseph Wright etching of Wash- ington (Hart 140) is signed J. Hiller Jwr Sculp. 1794. This Hiller portrait has only appeared on the back of playing cards and the few copies known all come fxain New England. It is possible that this J. Hiller, Jr.;was Joseph Hiller, Jr., son of Major Joseph Hiller, an officer in the Revo- lution and the collector of customs at Salem, Mass., in 1789-1802. The younger Hiller was born in Salem, June 21, 1777; and the “Cleveland Genealogy” says that he was lost overboard from a ship off the Cape of Good Hope Aug. 22,1795. If these dates are correct he would only have been about seventeen years of age at the time the portrait was produced. | The etching is well done for one so young. The “Essex Institute Collections,” in speaking of Major Hiller, says that he was “a man of great mechanical in- genuity’”’; and the son may have added artistic ability to this inherited talent, or he may have been assisted 1 in the etching by his father. 128 | BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES HILLS, J. H. | This line-engraver was working at his profession in Burlington, Vt., about 1845-50. Though his plates pos- sess considerable merit, his lack of business ability inter- fered with his success, and he abandoned engraving. HINGSTON, —— Hingston was a line-engraver of bill-heads and work of that description, apparently working in Georgetown, near Washington, D. C., as he signs his plates Hingston ft.,G. Town. One of his plates is a bill-head for the City Hotel of Alexandria, Va. The work appears to belong to the first quarter of the last century. HINMAN, D. C. This capital engraver of portraits in stipple was work- ing about 1830-35; both over his own name and as a member of the firm of Daggett, Hinman & Co., of New Haven, Conn. HINSCHELWOOD, ROBERT Born in Edinburgh in 1812; was living after 1860. Hinschelwood was a pupil of James and John John- stone, engravers of Edinburgh, and he studied drawing under Sir William Allen. He came to the United States about 1835, and was employed as a landscape engraver by the Harpers and other New York publishers. He also worked for the Ladies Repository, of Cincinnati, about 1855, and was later a long time in the employ of the Con- tinental Bank Note Co., of New York. Hinschelwood married a sister of James Smillie, and 129 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS many of his landscape plates are engraved after Smillie’s drawings. HOBART, ELIJAH Born in England; was killed in battle during the Civil War of 1861-65. As early as 1845 Hobart was engrav- ing in Albany and in New York. He was a good line- engraver of portraits, and was at one time apparently in the employ of Joseph Andrews, as we find plates en- graved by Hobart under the “direction of that engraver. The most ambitious work of this engraver found by the writer is a folio line-plate of “The Landing of the Pil- grims,” dedicated to the Pilgrims Society at Plymouth and published by Hobart in 1850, apparently in Boston, Mass. HOLLYER, SAMUEL Born in London in 1826; living in 1906 at Hudson Heights, near Guttenberg, N. J. Mr. Hollyer was a pupil of the Findens in London. He came to the United States in 1851; but he twice returned to England for periods of two and six years, and finally settled in this country in 1866. Besides engraving, Mr. Hollyer was engaged here at different times in lithography, photog- raphy, and the publishing business. He is an excellent engraver in both line and in stipple, and has produced a large number of portraits, land- scapes, and historical subjects. Among his larger and best plates are “The Flaw in the Title’; “Charles Dick- ens in his Study,” and “The Gleaner.” Heis still actively engaged in engraving. 130 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES HOOGLAND, WILLIAM Hoogland was an admirable engraver in both line and stipple. He appears in New York about 1815 as the de- signer and engraver of vignettes. In 1826 he was work- ing with Abel Bowen, in Boston, and among his pupils there were John Cheney and Joseph Andrews. In 1841 he was again located in business in New York. Hoog- land was one of the early American bank-note en- gravers. HOOKER, WILLIAM As early as 1805 Hooker was engraving in Philadel- phia, and in 1810 he was one of the organizers of the Phil- adelphia Society of Artists. In 1816 he removed to New York and his name appears in the directories of that city until 1840. His occupation is generally given as “en- graver’; but he also appears as “map-publisher” and as “instrument maker and chart-seller to the U. S. Navy.” The “New Pocket Plan of New York,” of 1817, is “Drawn, engraved, published and sold” by Hooker. — Hooker engraved a few portraits in stipple and sub- _ject plates in line; but he seems to have been chiefly em- ployed in map engraving. HOPKINS, DANIEL This man engraved the music and words for “The Rudiments of Music, etc.,” by Andrew Law, A.M., author of “Select Harmony,” ete. The book is dated in 1788, and it was published in Cheshire, Conn. | 181 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS HOPPIN, THOMAS FREDERICK Born in Providence, R. I., Aug. 15, 1816; Hoppin studied art in Philadelphia, and with Delaroche in Paris. In 1837 he opened a studio in New York as a designer for the publishers of that city. Two etchings published by the American Art Union in 1848 and 1850 seem to be the only work of this artist upon copper. These are en- titled “The Escape of Captain Wharton” and “The Rescue of Captain John Smith.” Both are designed by Hoppin, and in the etching he attempted the decided out- lines of some of the early masters, at the expense, how- ever, of delicacy and finish. \ HORNER, T. About 1844 Horner was living at Sing Sing, N. Y., and he there engraved a large “View of New York from Brooklyn,” published by W. Neale, of New York. HORTON, | Horton was engraving portraits in stipple and views in line in 1830-835 for Philadelphia and Baltimore pub- lishers. | HOULTON, J. A poorly designed and roughly engraved heading to a certificate of the Charitable Marine Society, of Balti- more, is signed J. Houlton Sculpt. As the certificate is filled out in 1797, it must have been engraved prior to that date. The design shows Columbia handing a book to a sailor, with a harbor, ship in full sail, lighthouse, etc., 132 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES in the background. The plate is further nese I. Kemel- meyer Delin’t. HOUSH, 'TIMOTHY House was a bank-note engraver, of Newtonville, Mass., chiefly employed in Boston. He engraved a few portraits for book publishers, and he seemed to be work- ing as early as 1836. He died about 1865. HOUSTON, H. H. Houston was one of the earliest really good stipple-en- gravers of portraits who worked in the United States. He probably came here from Ireland, as the “Hibernian Magazine,” of Dublin, contains portraits very similar in execution to his known work and signed H. Houston. Houston appears in Philadelphia in 1796; and as his latest dated work was done in 1798, his stay here was a comparatively short one. He engraved two separate plates of John Adams, and portraits of Washington, Rittenhouse, Kemble as Richard III, Kosciusko, ete. The first state of the John Adams plate published in Philadelphia in 1797 is lettered H. H. Houston, Sculp’. Another plate is signed H. I. Houston, but H. Houston ~ is his more usual signature. HOWE, Z. This name, as Z. Howe Sc’t, is signed to a poorly en- graved figure of a man used as a denied eas to “A New Collection of Sacred Harmony, etc.,” by Oliver Brown- son, Simsbury, Conn., 1797. ‘The music in this collection is also doubtless engraved by Howe. 133 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS HUMPHREYS, F. FI’. Humphreys was a capital engraver of portraits and subject plates in both mezzotint and in line. He was employed in 1850—58 by the Methodist Book Concern, of Cincinnati, Ohio. HUMPHRYS, WILLIAM Mr. Baker, in his “American Engravers,” says that William Humphrys was born in Dublin in 1794, and died in Genoa, Italy, June 21, 1865. He adds that he learned to engrave with George Murray in Philadelphia; went to England in 1823; returned to this country in 1843, and in 1845 again went abroad to remain there for the rest of his life. Mr. Baker credits him with numerous small Annual plates, but says that he was principally en- gaged in bank-note engraving. From the evidence of plates so signed, this brief sketch seems to be generally correct, though he probably did not leave Philadelphia quite as early as Mr. Baker believes. In the encyclopedia published by S. F. Bradford, Phila- delphia, 1805-18, we find plates of a simple character signed “Humphrys Sculp’t.” As George Murray also engraved for this edition, the plates mentioned may be the work of his apprentice. In 1823 W. Humphrys was engraving portraits in Philadelphia in conjunction with J. Nesmith; and about 1825 we have a beautifully en- graved business-card of “W. Humphrys, Engraver of History, Landscape, etc. Philadelphia.” In 1826 plates were engraved by W. Humphrys in London, and published in that city, after designs by C. R. Leslie. Mr. Alfred Jones says that he met William 134 CTE AIO CO Bee IEC L OT ae EE Shela sgh oes nee ce . Sainted &Sngvaved be FE Savaae GENERAL GEORGE WASHING TON. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES -_ Humphrys in London about 1846, and he was there known as the “American Engraver.” At that date Hum- phrys was a man about fifty years of age, which would closely agree with the date of birth given by Mr. Baker. The name of Humphrys is signed to a considerable number of admirable line vignettes and small magazine plates. The portrait of General Israel Putnam, appear- ing in the “National Portrait Gallery” of 1834, is a most excellent piece of stipple work, and is signed as engraved by “W. Humphreys.” This may be another man, as the “American engraver’ W. Humphrys worked in line. HUNT, SAMUEL VALENTINE Born in Norwich, England, Feb. 14, 1803; died at Bay Ridge, N. Y., in 1898. Mr. Baker says that Hunt was originally a taxidermist and was a self-taught artist and engraver. He came to the United States in 1834, and was then an excellent line-engraver of landscape. He worked for New York and Cincinnati publishing houses. HUNTINGTON, E. In 1828 E. Huntington engraved in line the maps, diagrams, and a series of small American views appear- ing in a school atlas published in New York, though each plate is copyrighted in Connecticut in 1828-30. He was in business in Hartford, Conn. HURD, E. FE. Hurd was a line-engraver of buildings, etc., work- ing about 1840. His work possesses very little merit and the compiler has been unable to locate him. 135 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS HURD, NATHANIEL 3 Born in Boston, Mass., Feb. 18, 1730; died there, Dec. 17, 1777. Nathaniel Hurd was the son of Jacob Hurd and Elizabeth, the only daughter of John Mason, of Kingston, Jamaica. He was a lineal descendant of John Hurd, who settled in Charlestown in 1639. In the “Bos- ton Gazette,” of April 28, 1760, Hurd advertises his business as follows: “Nathaniel Hurd Informs his Cus- tomers he has remov’d his shop from MacCarty’s corner, on the Exchange, to the Back Part of the opposite Brick Building where Mr. Ezekiel Price Kept his Office. Where he continues to do all sorts of Goldsmith’s Work. Likewise engraves in Gold, Silver, Copper, Brass and Steel, in the neatest Manner, and at reasonable Rates.”’ But Hurd was engraving upon copper at an earlier date than this, as a book-plate of 'Thomas Dering is noted as engraved by Hurd in 1749. In 1762 he engraved a rare caricature portrait of Dr. Seth Hudson, a notorious char- acter; and in 1764, a portrait of the Rev. Joseph Sewall. With these exceptions, and a Masonic notice engraved about 1764, numerous book-plates constitute the known engravings of Nathaniel Hurd. The only early published record of Hurd is found in the “New England Magazine,” Vol. III, Boston, 1882. This article is illustrated by a lithographic portrait of Hurd, said to have been made from a mezzotint engraved by “a man by the name of Jennings,” after a painting by J.S. Copley, then (1882) in the possession of a descend- ant living in Medford, Mass. For further particulars of this “Jennings” see the sketch of Richard Jennys, Jr. As showing the varied character of the work performed 136 | BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES by this early American engraver, we have the following bill, preserved in the Thomas Addis Emmet manuscripts, in the Lenox Library: | “Boston, June 16, 1773 “Thos. Fayerweather Esq., to Nat. Hurd, Dr. “To taking out Crest from Salts & putting in New £1. 4.— To Mend’g Sauce pan & can 12.— _To Large Crest on Sauce pan 12.— To taking out Arms from Coffee pott and yr arms in 2. 5.— QO. tenor £4.13.— ‘Received the above in full. “Nath. Hurd.” HUTT, JOHN In Rivington’s “New York Gazette,’ for June 9, 1774, we find the following: “John Hutt, Engraver in general, from London, at Mr. Hewitt’s directly opposite the Merchants Coffee House, in Dock Street, New York, Engraves— Coats of Arms, Crests, Seals and Cyphers, Bills of Exchange, Bills of Lading, Shop Bills, Bills of Parcels, Card Plates, Hat do., Watch do. etc., Archi- tecture, Frontispieces, Door-plates, Compliment Cards, Plate, Dog-Collars, etc., Stamps, ete. Gentlemen dis- posed to employ him may depend on the utmost neatness _and dispatch.” In the “New York Mercury,” Sept. 8, 1774, Hutt ad- vertises that he had set up a press for copperplate print- ing “by means of which he will be enabled to execute 137 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS every piece of engraving he is favored with, in a more expeditious and reasonable manner.” The only examples of Hutt’s work known to the com- piler are some book-plates and a few diagrams engraved in connection with John Norman and published in Phila- delphia in 1775. HUTTON, ISAAC ann GEORGE This firm of jewelers and silversmiths, of Albany, N. Y., about 1796, made dies for seals; one for the Union University, at Schenectady, N. Y. But as this firm em- ployed engravers—among these Gideon F'airman, about 1795—the actual work was probably done by some one in their employ. HUTTON, J. A. fairly well-engraved line plate of a battle scene is signed J. Hutton, Sc’t Alb’y. The print was apparently made about 1825—30, but no other work by Hutton is known. ILLMAN, THOMAS Illman was born in England, and was engraving in London in 1824. About six years later he came to New York, and at once formed the engraving firm of [Iman & Pilbrow; and the office of this firm was on Hudson St., near St. Luke’s Church, until 1836. Thomas Iman en- graved a considerable number of portraits and views over his own name, and as many more were issued under the firm name of Ijman & Pilbrow. He worked in stipple and in mezzotint and was a good engraver. 138 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES ILLMAN Sons, about 1845, engraved portraits for both New York and Philadelphia publishers. IttmMAn Bros. established an engraving business in Philadelphia which is still in existence. H. Inuman and G. IxtmMan, who were probably the above “sons,” separately signed portraits and subject plates engraved about 1855-60. JACKMAN, W.G. Jackman was born in England and came to the United States about 1841. He established himself in business in New York and was largely employed by the Harpers, Putnams, and Appletons, publishers of that city. He was a very good engraver of portraits and subject plates, in both line and stipple; he also did some portrait work in mezzotint for Harper & Bros. JACKSON, —— A very poorly engraved line plate is so signed as en- graver. The plate represents “Capt. William Mason in the Magazine, Fort Niagara, Sept. 1826.” | JARVIS, JOHN WESLEY Born in South Shields, England,in 1780; died in New York, Jan. 14, 1839. About 1785 Jarvis was brought to Philadelphia by his father, who was mate of a sailing ship. He was later apprenticed to Edward Savage to learn engraving. David Edwin was then in the employ of Savage, and Jarvis says that Edwin taught him to draw and to engrave. Jarvis went to New York with Savage and Edwin; and the New York directory of 1805 139 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS contains the name of “J. Jarvis, engraver and drawing school, 28 Frankfort St.”” The only plates known to the compiler as executed by Jarvis are a mezzotint portrait of David Rittenhouse and a portrait of the Rev. John W. Livingston. Jarvis did not introduce the W. into his name until 1816, when the name appears in New York as “J. W. Jarvis, portrait painter.” He is said to have been a nephew of the eminent divine John Wesley. The further career of Jarvis as a reputable and popular painter of portraits is well known. While Jarvis was in New York he published the prints of other engravers: notably that of Robert R. Living- ston, published in 1804 and engraved by George Graham. JENCKES, JOSEPH | Born in Colbrooke, England, in 1602; died in what is now Saugus, Mass., March 16, 1683. In 1642 Jenckes was induced to come from Hammersmith to establish the first “foundry and forge” in the American Colonies. In 1652 a mint was established in Boston for the coining of silver, and Jenckes, at the Lynn iron-works, made the dies for the “Pine tree Shilling,” the first coin used in this country. Jenckes built in 1654 the first fire-engine made in this country; invented the grass-scythe still in common use; made machinery for ‘wire-drawing, and made many other improvements in tools and machinery. JENNYS, RICHARD, JR. A well-executed mezzotint portrait of Rev. Jonathan Mayhew is signed by Richard Jennys, Jr., as engraver. 140 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES It was published in Boston about 1774 and was “Printed & Sold by Nat. Hurd, Engraver, on ye Exchange.” This Richard Jennys is doubtless the “Jennings”’ re- ferred to in the “New England Magazine,” of July, 1832, as the engraver of a mezzotint portrait of Nathaniel Hurd, after a painting by Copley, which served as the original for a lithographic portrait of Hurd contained in that magazine. The plate of Dr. Mayhew shows a direct business connection between Jennys and Hurd; and it is _ thus probable that he engraved the portrait of Hurd re- ferred to. No such portrait, saa has ever been found by the compiler. Dunlap, in copying the error of the “New England Magazine,” says that this engraver returned to England at the outbreak of the Revolution. JEWETT, CHARLES A. Born in Lancaster, Mass., in 1816; died in New York in 1878. This good line-engraver of subject plates was engraving in New York in 1838. He later removed to Cincinnati, O., and about 1853 he was conducting an ex- tensive engraving business in that city. In 1860 he was again located in New York. JOCELYN, NATHANIEL Born in New Haven, Conn., Jan. 31, 1796; died there Jan. 13, 1881. Nathaniel Jocelyn was the son of a watch- maker and he thoroughly mastered that business. At the age of eighteen years he was apprenticed to an engraver, and when he was twenty-one he entered into partnership with Tisdale, Danforth and Willard in the Hartford - 141 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS Graphic and Bank Note Engraving Company; he later, with Mr. Danforth, virtually founded the National Bank Note Engraving Company. Jocelyn’s chief work in this firm was letter engraving; though as early as 1816 he engraved in line a plate for “The Naval Monument,” published by Abel Bowen. Dissatisfied with engraving, Jocelyn gave it up in 1820 and became a painter of portraits, and exhibited at the National Academy in 1826. He went abroad with S. F. B. Morse in 1829-30, and became a meritorious portrait- painter. He was made an Academician of the National Academy on May 138, 1846. JOCEKLYN, SIMEON S. Born in New Haven, Conn., Nov. 21, 1799; died in Tarrytown, N. Y., Aug. 17,1879. S.S. Jocelyn was en- graving line portraits in New Haven, after drawings by N. Jocelyn, as early as 1824; and in 1827 the engraving firm of N. & S. S. Jocelyn was in business in that city. S. S. Jocelyn and S. B. Munson were also associated as engravers. Later, Simeon S. Jocelyn, who had been in-. terested in the cause of the negro as early as 1831, aban- doned engraving and became prominent in the antisla- very movement. JOHNSON, DAVID G. Was a painter and a line-engraver of portraits and views of little merit, who was working in New York in 1831-35, and again in 1845. 142 CORNELIUS TIEBOUT | 1770-1830(?) + ** penterep nee wie Oy. a_i A ies IAG sS' Bo 8 er ewwl Rebouwt sc. OMAS JEFFERSON’, tee Prestidenl y the POG Five fy ad Cubleshwd by D8 arnedy VOR iho: ee Pe ep dee ee ANTES BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES JOHNSON, W. T. Engraved subject plates for “Sartain’s Magazine” about 1850. : JOHNSTON, DAVID CLAYPOOLE Born in Philadelphia, March, 1797; died at Dorches- ter, Mass., Nov. 8, 1865. In 1815 Johnston was a pupil of the Philadelphia engraver Francis Kearny; and in 1819 he was in business for himself etching caricatures of Philadelphia celebrities. The complaints of some of his victims finally became so loud that the publishers and print-sellers declined to handle his plates. Johnston then abandoned engraving for thestage, mak- ing his debut as an actor, in 1821, as Henry in “Speed the Plough,” at the Walnut St. Theater in Philadel- phia. In 1825 an engagement at the Boston Theater took him to that city; and at the end of the season he again took up engraving and located himself permanently in Boston. ; Johnston engraved a few good portraits in stipple and some line illustrations for the Boston publishers, and he also drew upon stone for lithographers. But he is best known by his annual publication of “Scraps,” first issued in 1880. This Annual was usually made up of four to six sheets, each containing from nine to twelve small etched caricatures of local, social, or political significance, both designed and etched by Johnston. The character and general excellence of these etchings gained for John- ston the name of the “American Cruikshank.” His son, Thomas Murphy Johnston, is said to have in- herited his father’s ability. | 143 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS JOHNSTON, THOMAS Born in Boston, Mass., in 1708; died there May 8, 1767, and was buried in King’s Chapel burying-ground. The “Boston Evening Post,” May 11, 1767, says: “Last Friday Morning, died here Mr. Thomas Johnston, Jap- anner, Painter and Engraver, after a short illness, being seized with an Apoplectic Fit a few days before.” Johnston was a fairly good engraver of maps, build- ings, book-plates, sheet music, etc., and he was also a her- aldic painter. His plan of Boston, signed as Engraven by Thos. Johnson, Boston, N.E., is dedicated to His Ex- cellency William Burnet by the publisher, William Bur- gis. As Burnet was governor of the Colony of Massa- chusetts Bay in 1727—29, it would appear that this plate must bear about the same date, and it would thus be the earliest known production of Johnston. His other known plates bear much later dates, or 1755—63. Judging from the ornamental title and the arms of Governor Burnet on the plan referred to, Johnston did his best work as a heraldic engraver; and Charles Dexter Allen, in his “American Book-plates,” mentions several plates execu- ted by this engraver. Mr. Wm. H. Whitmore says that on Jan. 19, 1736— 37, Thomas Johnston was married to Jean Hogg; and that he was again married, on Aug. 6, 1747,to Bathsheba Thwing, at the Second Church in Boston, by the Rev. Joshua Gee. He left sons, James, John, and Samuel. His name was generally spelled “Johnston”; and the signature to the Boston map is either an engraver’s error, or is due to the carelessness of the period in spelling family names. | 144 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES JONES, ALFRED . Born in Liverpool, England, April 7, 1819; acciden- tally killed in New York, April 18, 1900. Mr. Jones came to the United States as a very young man and in 1834 he was apprenticed to the engraving firm of Raw- don, Wright, Hatch & Edson, of Albany, N. Y. He later studied at the National Academy of Design, in New York, and in 1839 he was awarded the first prize in drawing. Mr. Jones was made an Academician of the National Academy on May 14, 1851. About 1841 Alfred Jones began engraving over his own name, and in 1843 he engraved in line his first large plate, “The Farmers’ Nooning,” after the painting by W.S. Mount; this plate was executed for the American Art Union. In 1846-47 he visited England to perfect himself in his art, and he there worked under some of the best London masters and made the acquaintance of a - number of the prominent English engravers of that pe- riod. Upon his return to New York he engaged in busi- ness for himself and also worked for other engravers. Being himself an admirable line-engraver, about 1850 Mr. Jones became interested in bank-note engraving, and to this branch of his profession he devoted the re- mainder of his life. In 1866 he was the president of the United States Bank Note Co., of New York; and in 1868-70 he was vice-president of the British Ameri- ean Bank Note Co., of Montreal and Toronto, Mr. William C. Smillie being the president. Later in life he worked independently, chiefly for the American Bank Note Co. Mr. Jones was practically the first man to invent a 145 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS process for successfully producing a plate directly from a photograph that could be printed with type—the popu- lar “half-tone process” of the present day. He made his negative upon crown glass and produced the “screen” by ruling this negative in a ruling-machine; from this ruled negative an electrotype was made. The process was suc- cessful and plates thus made were used by the Harpers in their publications; but the invention of the photographic screen by Ives, while obtaining the same result, so de- creased the cost of production that it superseded the method invented by Mr. Jones. As a line-engraver Mr. Jones had few, if any, supe- riors in this country; and his large plate of “The Image Breaker,” published by the American Art Union in 1850, is deservedly recognized as one of the best en- gravings ever produced in the United States. Among other fine examples of his work published by the Art Union, are “Mexican News” (1851), “The New Scholar” (1850), and “The Capture of Major André.” Mr. Jones continued to engrave with undiminished skill up to the time of his death; his late portraits of Washington, A. B. Durand, and Thomas Carlyle being admirable examples of a combination of line work with etching. JONES, A. L. Plates so signed are really engraved by W. S. Law- rence, an apprentice to Alfred Jones, and were finished by Mr. Jones. A further notice of Lawrence will be found in its proper place. 146 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES JONES, BENJAMIN Benjamin Jones was located in Philadelphia in 1798- 1815, inclusive. He engraved in line subject plates pos- sessing little merit, and Dunlap says that he was living in 1833. _ : “Poulson’s Advertiser,” Philadelphia, June 28, 1804, announces his marriage as follows: “On Monday, the 28th ult. by the Rev. Joseph Turner, Mr. Benjamin Jones, engraver, to Miss Alice Howard Hill, both of this city.” JONES, FITZEDWARD This good engraver of subject plates and portraits in mezzotint and in stipple was originally a printer in Car- lisle, Pa. It is not known where or when he learned to engrave; but in 1854 he was in business in Cincinnati, O., as a “Practical portrait, historical and landscape engraver and plain and color printer,” according to his business-card. He also worked for many years for the Western Methodist Book Concern, of Cincinnati. . JONES, R. S. Jones was a line-engraver working in Boston in 1873. JONES, WILLIAM R. This capital engraver of portraits in the stipple man- ner was born in the United States and first appears in Philadelphia in 1810, when he was an Associate of the Society of Artists of the United States, organized in Philadelphia in that year. As an engraver his name ap- | 147 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS pears in the directories of Philadelphia in 1811—24, in- clusive. JORDAN, HENRY Born in England; came to the United States about 1886, and was for a time in the employ of Alfred Jones, in New York City. Jordan was a good line-engraver of landscape, and was later a member of the engraving firm of Jordan & Halpin. He returned to England for atime, but ultimately settled permanently in the United States. JUSTICK, JOSEPH In 1804 Justice was working in New York in connec- tion with Scoles; and the directories of Philadelphia lo- cate him in that city as an engraver from 1810 until 1833. His plates show an ineffective combination of etching and stipple work, poorly done. KEARNY, FRANCIS Born in Perth Amboy, N. J., about 1780; living in 1833. Kearny is said to have been a nephew of Com- modore James Lawrence; and Westcott, in his “History of Philadelphia,” says that he learned drawing with Archibald and Alexander Robertson, and engraving with Peter R. Maverick,in New York City. Kearny was in business in New York in 1798-1801 as an engraver. In 1810 he appeared in Philadelphia and he remained there continuously until 1833. Kearny founded his fame as an engraver upon a faith- ful copy of “The Last Supper,” after Raphael Morghen, and he engraved some other capital line work of a large 148 | BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES size. He did considerable work in line, stipple, and aqua- tint for the magazines, Annuals, and book publishers; and in 1823 he was interested in bank-note work as a member of the firm of ‘Tanner, Vallance, Kearny & Co., of Philadelphia. About 1820 he was engraving upon his own account in that city, with an office at No. 62 South Fourth Street. KEENAN, WILLIAM This etcher of portraits and line-engraver of vignettes and subject plates was working for the magazine and book publishers of Philadelphia in 1830—33. He then ap- parently located himself in business in Charleston, S. C., as we find an aquatint view of Charleston, engraved by Keenan and published by him at “132 King St., Charles- ton, S. C.,” and other plates executed for book publishers in that city in 1835. Some of these latter plates are in- scribed as Drawn, Engraved and Printed by W.. Keenan. KELLOGG, J. G. | Kellogg was a capital engraver of portraits in line, working in New Haven, Conn., about 1850. KELLY, J. This engraver, in 1851, had an office at 141 Fulton St., New York City. He engraved portraits in a mixed manner. KELLY, THOMAS Born in Ireland about 1795; died in the almshouse in New York City about 1841. The professional career of 149 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS this very good engraver in line and in stipple is difficult to trace. He was working for Boston publishers in 1823, was in Philadelphia in 1831-33, and in New York in 1834-35. Kelly was associated for a short time with Joseph Andrews, in Boston. Besides his portraits he en- graved a considerable number of good plates for the An- nuals and magazines. Later in life he contracted bad habits and died as stated above. | KENNEDY, JAMES In 1797 this engraver in line and in stipple was work- ing for the New York publisher John Low. He remained in that city until 1812, and then went to Philadelphia; as he was later employed by the publishers S. F’. Brad- ford and 'T’. W. Freeman, both of that city. KENSETT, JOHN FREDERICK Born in Cheshire, Conn., March 22, 1818; died in New York City, Dec. 16, 1872. Kensett was the son of Thomas Kensett, a print publisher and engraver of Cheshire, and he was early apprenticed to his uncle, Alfred Daggett, a reputable engraver of New Haven, Conn., and engraved over his own name a few book illus- trations and vignettes in this country. In 1840 he went to England to study art, and during his five years’ stay in that country he partially supported himself by en- graving. Kensett continued his studies in Rome and re- turned to the United States in 1848. He opened a studio in New York and established a reputation as a painter of landscape. | 150 + 3 i H. H. HOUSTON se -_ WORKING IN THE UNITED ‘i ne ae mis “ ANAT * * RAN rte ct OF Kimble & August. 16179 G c \ . 8North3? S the the N°6 / - . Fay Re Philadelphia. Publishd by Freeman &Co BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES KENSETT, THOMAS In 1812 Thomas Kensett was a member of the engrav- ing and print publishing firm of Shelton & Kensett, lo- cated at Cheshire, Conn. As evidence that he was an en- graver himself we have a well-executed map of Upper and Lower Canada, published Nov. 2, 1812, and signed Ken- sett Sculp. Cheshire, Conn’t. Another large plate en- titled “Brother Jonathan’s Soliloquy on the Times” is signed Kensett, Paint et Sculp. Mr. H. W. French, in his “Art and Artists in Con- necticut,’ says that Thomas Kensett came from England to Cheshire in 1812, and had previously been an engraver at Hampton Court, in England. And Mr. James Terry says that he was born in England in 1786 and died in 1829. KERNAN, F. G. This man was an engraver of portraits, in a mixed style, located in New York in 1870. KERSHAW, J. M. This engraver of buildings, etc., was working in St. Louis, a 1850. KEY, F. C. | The firm of F. C. Key & Sons, of No. 128 Arch St., Philadelphia, was engaged in die-sinking and embossing about 1850. A fairly well-executed head of Millard Fill- more was published by this firm. It is embossed on white paper, surrounded by an oval in gold, with the name and publisher also printed in gold. ) : 151 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS KEY, WILLLIAM H. | | Born in Brooklyn, N. Y.; was living in 1892. From 1864 until 1892, and possibly later, Key was an assistant engraver for the U. S. Mint at Philadelphia. Key en- graved the dies for the Kane Expedition medal and a medal for Archbishop Wood. KIDDER, J. The “Polyanthos,” Boston, June, 1813, refers edito- rially to an aquatint “View on Boston Common” con- tained in that number, and says it is “a specimen of the talents of Master J. Kidder, a youth of Boston, and also his first essay in aquatinta.” Kidder’s few plates, all in aquatint, represent views in and about Boston. Kidder designed plates engraved by Abel Bowen about 1823. KIMBERLY, DENISON | Born in Guilford, Conn., in 1814; Kimberly was a fel- low-student with George H. Cushman in the engraving establishment of Asaph Willard; and as a line-engraver of portraits he achieved considerable success. He was working in 1830 for S. Walker, the Boston publisher, and was later connected with the Franklin Print Com- pany, of Boston. In 1858 Kimberly abandoned engrav- ing for painting; he studied in Boston, and in 1862 he opened a studio in Hartford and in Manchester. He was chiefly engaged in portrait work, producing good like- nesses, strong and free in outline yet remarkably soft in feature. The portrait of his friend Seth W. Cheney is one of his best works. 152 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES KIMMEL, P. K. Kimmel was a New York engraver of vignettes and portraits, working about 1850, and was later amember of theengraving firmof Capewell& Kimmel, of thesame city. There was also an engraving firm of Kimmel & Foster. KING, G. B. This line-engraver produced some portraits and book illustrations, of little merit, for the New York publishers | of 1880-34. KING, JAMES S. The “Ladies Repository,” published in Cincinnati in 1852, contains some good line subject plates signed by James S. King as engraver. KINSEY, NATHANIEL, JR. In 1854-55 this good landscape engraver was em- ployed by the Western Methodist Book Concern, of Cin- cinnati, O. KIRK, JOHN Born in England; died in the United States about 1862. Kirk came to the United States about 1841 and was largely employed by the publishers G. P. Putnam, and by A. B. Hall and other New York engravers. He ~~ did some admirable work in line. KNEASS, WILLIAM : Born in Lancaster, Pa., September, 1781; died in Philadelphia, Aug. 27, 1840. It is not known with whom 158 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS Kneass learned to engrave, but he worked continuously in Philadelphia as an engraver from 1805 to the time of his death. On Jan. 29, 1824, he was appointed engraver and die-sinker at the U. S. Mint, succeeding Robert Scot. His work is usually in line, though he produced some good aquatint views; and he was a member of the firms | of Kneass & Dellaker and Young, Kneass Co., gen- eral engravers. An “engraved” portrait of William Kneass is sai to be preserved in the assayer’s office of the U. S. Mint, in Philadelphia. This portrait is inscribed “To his friend Adam Eckfeldt, Chief Coiner” —the man who was chiefly instrumental in securing his appointment. KNIGHT, T. | In 1856, and possibly earlier, Knight was a partner of George Girdler Smith, of Boston, along with W. H. Tappan; the firm name being Smith, Knight & Tappan. His name is signed to some very good portraits executed in both line and stipple. KOEVOETS, H. & C. This firm was engraving and publishing portraits in New York about 1870. KOSH, A. E. Born in Germany about 1838; died in this country in 1897. Kosh was an engraver of landscape and subject plates for the magazines, and came to the United States in 1868. 154 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES KUPFER, R. Line-engravings of some merit, published in New York magazines about 1865, after drawings by Thos. Nast and other American designers, are so signed. Among other prints engraved by Kupfer is a folio plate of a view of New York, published in 1867. LAMB, ANTHONY The “New York Mercury,” of Dec. 1, 1760, contains the following advertisement: “Maps, Plans, Coats of Arms, Shop Bills, Monthly Returns, and other Engrav- ing neatly done on Silver, Copper, ete. with Care and Dispatch, and all sorts of Copper Plate Printing done in the best manner and at Reasonable Rates, at Anthony Lamb’s, at Sir Isaac Newton’s Head, in New York.” As Henry Dawkins lodged with Anthony Lamb pre- vious to 1755, Lamb may have been an employer of en- gravers, rather than an engraver himself. No pt work signed by Lamb is known. LAMB, JOHN John Lamb was a New York silversmith; and in the “Mercury”of March 15, 1756, he advertises “Engraving in gold, silver, copper and other materials, by John Lamb.” LANG, GEORGE S. Born in Chester Co., Pa., in 1799; living in Delaware Co., Pa., in 1883. Mr. Baker says that Lang was a pupil ' of George Murray, the Philadelphia engraver, in 1815, and that he abandoned engraving early in life. The Phila- 155 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS delphia directories, however, contain his name as “en- graver” until 1833; and as his signed work is scarce, he was probably employed in bank-note work. He was a good line-engraver. LAVIGNE, —— | The few plates known signed by Lavigne are well exe- cuted in stipple and appear in the “Polyanthos,” pub- lished in Boston in 1814. LAWRENCH, W.S. This landscape engraver was an apprentice with Al- fred Jones in 1840; and in 1846 he was engraving over his own name for New York publishers. Mr. Jones says that he early abandoned engraving and engaged in the flour and grain business in New York. Plates signed “A. L. Jones” were executed by Lawrence when an ap- prentice with Alfred Jones, and were finished by the latter. LAWSON, ALEXANDER Born in Ravenstruthers, Lanarkshire, Scotland, Dec. 19, 1773; died in Philadelphia, Aug. 22, 1846. An ex- tended memoir of Alexander Lawson was read before the Pennsylvania Historical Society, in 1878, by the late Townsend Ward; and from this paper the following brief sketch is compiled. Alexander Lawson was left an orphan at the age of fifteen years and was cared for by an elder brother re- siding in Liverpool. He was later placed with a dealer in books and engravings in Manchester, and his interest 156 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES in the prints he handled first induced him to attempt en- graving. But as he sympathized deeply with the Revo- lutionary movement in France, in 1798, Lawson deter- mined to seek his future in that country; and as he could not obtain a direct passage from England, he sailed for the United States, expecting to return ona French vessel. He landed at Baltimore on July 14, 1794, and was so well pleased with the social and political conditions exist- ing in this country that he changed his plans and con- cluded to cast his lot with the Americans. He went to Philadelphia, and as he seemed to have some knowledge of engraving he first found employment with the en- gravers Thackara & Vallance. Some time after this he commenced business for himself and first attracted atten- tion by his admirable plates for an edition of 'Thomson’s “Seasons,” faithfully copied from the plates of the Eng- lish engraver R. Rhodes. In 1798 Lawson met his fel- low-countryman Alexander Wilson, and a firm and last- ing friendship resulted. Lawson engraved the best plates in Wilson’s famous “Ornithology,” the first volume of which was issued in 1808, and those in its continuation by Charles Lucien Bonaparte. In speaking of this work Lawson says that he engraved these plates chiefly “for the honor of his old country,” and for a financial return not exceeding one dollar per day. He later, among other work, engraved the plates for works on conchology, writ- ten by Prof.S. S. Haldeman and Dr. Amos Binney, and made some large historical plates. He worked entirely — in line. | Personally, says Mr. Ward, Alexander Lawson was of tall and commanding figure, and he was well read in 157 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS English literature and the history of art. On June 6, 1805, he married Elizabeth Scaife, of Cumberland, Eng- land, and two of his children became good engravers. A considerable collection of the engraved work of Alex- ander Lawson is in the possession of the Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia. LAWSON, HELEN E. This daughter of Alexander Lawson made the draw- ings for her father’s illustrations in the works of Prof. Haldeman and Dr. Binney, and she also engraved sev- eral plates of birds for a publication of about 1830. She shows decided talent in this work. LAWSON, OSCAR A. Born in Philadelphia, Aug. 7, 1813; died there Sept. 6, 1854. This son of Alexander Lawson was probably a pupil of his father, and he became an accomplished line- engraver. He furnished a number of small plates for the Annuals; but about 1840 he entered the service of the U. S. Coast Survey, at Washington, as a chart engraver, and he remained there until failing health one him to resign in 1851. Oscar A. Lawson was the father of Mary ee Lawson, a poetess and early writer in Scotch dialect. LEACH, SAMUEL The “Pennsylvania Gazette,” of Dec. 10, 1741, adver- tises that “Samuel Leach, from London, performs all sorts of Engraving, such as Coats of Arms, Crests, Cyphers, Letters, &c., on Gold, Silver, or Copper. Also 158 aaa a ened ap 7) < ee ahaa odie SR Cpt weet Weban stn ys acy eet FA et aes el Giates spi : RS a Scie; TEETER PST LEAST Rear LSA SAS NTH aaa AN ane * Wood Fax’ EGS TsO BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES engraving of all kinds for Silversmiths, N. B. The said Leach may be heard of at Mr. Samuel Hazard’s, Mer- chant, opposite the Baptist Meeting House, in Second Street, or at Andrew Farrels, Tanner, in Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.” LE COUNT & HAMMOND Well-engraved landscape plates published in 1840 are thus signed. The second member of the firm was prob- ably J.T. Hammond, who was in business as an engraver in Philadelphia in 1839. LEDDEL, JOSEPH, JR. The “New York Weekly Post Boy,” May 18, 1752, contains the advertisement of Joseph Leddel, Jr., for the sale of all manner of pewterwork. At the end of this ad- vertisement he says that “He also engraves on Steel, Iron, Gold, Silver, Copper, Brass, Pewter, Ivory or Turtle Shell, in a neat manner very reasonably.” LEE, HOMER Born in Mansfield, O., in 1855; living in 1903. Homer Lee was the son of John Lee, an engraver, and he re- ceived some instructions from his father in this art. He was later regularly apprenticed to a steel-engraver in New York City; but his master having failed before the expiration of his apprenticeship, he began business for himself as Homer Lee & Co. He was successful, and in 1881 he founded the Homer Lee Bank Note Co. of New York. Later he was vice-president and director of the Franklin-Lee Bank Note Co., of the same city. Mr. Lee studied art in Canada and in Europe, and re- 159 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS ceived honorable mention for one of his paintings at the Vienna Exposition of 1873. He has exhibited as late as 1901. As an inventor he devised the steel-plate printing sys- tem named after him; the numbering machines used by the U. S. Government and abroad; improvements in the linotype composing machine, etc. LEGGETT, R. This good line-engraver of landscape, about 1870, signed plates from “No. 4 John St., New York.” LEHMAN, GEORGE Born in Lancaster Co., Pa.; died in Philadelphia in 1870. About 1829 Lehman painted, engraved in aqua- tint, and hand-colored a series of admirable views of Pennsylvania towns. He also aquatinted a number of smaller plates and drew for engravers. In 1835-87 he was in the lithographing business in Philadelphia, and was later a member of the print-publishing firm of Leh- man & Baldwin, of the same city. LEMET, L. Lemet was a close follower of the methods of St. Me- min, producing portraits by the same means and identical in appearance and size. He was located in Philadelphia in 1804; but about all that is known of him is contained in the following advertisement in the “Albany Centinel” of Nov. 15, 1805. “Physiognetrace. Likenesses engraved. I. Lemet re- spectfully informs the Ladies & Gentlemen of Albany 160 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES that he takes Likenesses in Crayons, as large as life, and engraves them in a reduced size in a new and elegant manner. The price of the large likenesses, with an en- graved plate and twelve impressions, is $25 for gentle- men, and $35 for ladies, or $6 for the drawing only. For further particulars apply in his rooms at Capt. Lock- woods, the corner of Dock in State Street, where a great number of portraits of distinguished characters may be seen. Oct. 14, 1805.” Peter Maverick engraved after portraits drawn by Lemet, but the compiler has only found a very few por- trait plates actually engraved by Lemet; among these are Dr. Ben Rush and Col. Joseph Shippen, both of Philadelphia. LENEY, WILLIAM SATCHWELL Born in London, England, Jan. 16, 1769; died at Longue Pointe, near Montreal, Canada, Nov. 26, 1831. Leney was of Scotch descent and the son of Alexander and Susanna Leney. He is said to have been a pupil of the well-known English engraver Peltro W. 'Tompkins, and Leney’s work bears evidence of a careful training in the art of stipple-engraving. He was engraving over his own name in London as early as 1791; and he achieved _ such success that he was awarded a gold medal for his large plate of the “Descent from the Cross.” Leney en- graved a large number of portrait plates, in stipple and in line, for London publishers. About 1805 Leney was induced to come to the United States; he settled in New York and seems soon to have had abundant employment. His New York account- 16] AMERICAN ENGRAVERS book, showing the prices that he separately charged for the copper plate and his engraving, is in the possession of Mr. W. C. Crane, of New York. This shows that he was paid $100 to $150 for engraving an octavo portrait, a very large price for that early period. About 1812 he was associated with William Rollinson in the bank-note business. Leney engraved the vignettes and charges Rol- linson for the copper and the engraving in each case, showing that the business was not a partnership. One of Leney’s early plates executed in this country is that of _“Moses in the Bullrushes,” done for Collins’ Bible pub- lished in 1807; for this plate he is said to have received a gold medal. Before he came to this country, Leney married, at Lambeth, England, Sarah White, born Feb. 10, 1773, and who died in Canada, Sept. 28, 1884. About 1820 Leney removed to Canada and bought a farm of 300 acres at Longue Pointe, below Montreal. For a time he followed his profession in Montreal, and he there en- graved the first notes issued by the Bank of Montreal, and a now scarce series of large plates of views in and about Montreal. Mr. Leney had nine children and his descendants are numerous. LEPELLETIER Maps and plans published by T. C. Fay, of New York, in 1814, are signed Lepelletier, Sculpt, N. York. LEWIS, J. r The book-plate of Dr. Peter Middleton, who died in New York in 1781, is signed J. Lewis sc. Dr. Middle- 162 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES ton, though born in Scotland, was located in New York as early as 1750, and the plate bears evidence of Ameri- can origin. LEWIS, J. O. This engraver in the stipple manner first appears in books published in Philadelphia in 1815; and as he en- graved the portrait of Lewis Cass, as secretary of war under President Jackson, he must have been engraving in 1881. There is no record of such an engraver in the Philadel- phia directories; and in the New York directory the near- est approach to this name is “Joseph Lewis, engraver and seal-cutter” in 1816-23. Lewis probably spent some time in the western country, as he published in Philadel- phia, in 1835, “The North American Aboriginal Port- folio,” a collection of lithographic portraits of Indians; some of these are inscribed as “Painted from life by J. O. Lewis, at Detroit, 1833.” He seemingly engraved very few plates and his work possesses little merit. LINCOLN, JAMES SULLIVAN Born in Taunton, Mass., May 18, 1811; died in Provi- dence, R. I., Jan. 19, 1887. At the age of fourteen Lin- coln was apprenticed to an engraver in Providence, R. I.; and he is said to have executed engravings, though none have been found by the compiler. After 1887 he devoted himself solely to portrait-painting, in which he was very successful. Lincoln was the first president of the Providence Art Club. 163 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS LONGACRE, JAMES BARTON : Born in Delaware Co., Pa., Aug. 11, 1794; died in — Philadelphia, Jan. 1, 1869. Longacre was a descendant of one of the early Swede settlers on the Delaware, and he was taught to engrave by George Murray, in Phila- delphia. His earliest work was done for S. F. Brad- ford’s Encyclopedia, of 1805-18; but he first attracted attention by his admirable large plate of Andrew Jack- son, after the portrait by Thomas Sully, published in Philadelphia in 1820. He soon found abundant employ- _ ment in engraving portraits in the stipple manner, many of them done after his own drawings from life. About 1830,in connection with James Herring, Long- acre conceived the idea of publishing the “American Portrait Gallery”; a series of biographical sketches of statesmen, military and naval heroes, and professional men. ‘These were to be illustrated by portraits; and Longacre set the standard of engraving so high, that after employing the best engravers in this country, he was compelled to induce others to come from Europe especially for this purpose. He engraved a number of these himself and drew the originals for other engravers; and taken as a whole it was the best series of portraits engraved in the United States up to that time. The large plates of Longacre are remarkable for their faithfulness as portraits and for the beauty of their execution. ‘The majority of them are done in the stipple manner; but his large plate of Charles Car- roll, after the painting by Chester Harding, proves him to have been an accomplished line-engraver. In 1844 Mr. Longacre was appointed engraver to the U. S. 164 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES Mint, succeeding C. Gobrecht, and he held that position until his death. LOVHE, G. This name as engraver is appended to a very poor frontispiece to Watts’ “Divine Songs,” published in Philadelphia in 1807 by L. Johnson. LOVETT, ROBERT According to “Poulson’s Advertiser,’ Lovett was an engraver upon metal and stone, located in Philadelphia in 1816—22, inclusive. He was principally engaged in engraving seals and dies. He removed to New York about 1825, but returned to Philadelphia in after years. LOWE, R. Lowe was a script engraver employed in New York in 1838. LOWNES, CALEB The “Pennsylvania Magazine,’ Philadelphia, June, 1775, contains a fairly well-engraved line plate of a “New Plan of Boston Harbour,” signed C. Lownes, Sculp. This Caleb Lownes was a die-sinker and seal-cutter in business in Philadelphia, and was a prominent citizen of that city. In 1779, according to the Minutes of the Su- preme Executive Council, he was paid £76 for cutting a seal for the Pennsylvania Board of Admiralty. In 1797 Lownes was a member of the Board of Health of Phila- delphia. Caleb Lownes is credited with having engraved the 165 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS woodcut seal of arms used as the heading to early com- missions and proclamations issued by the State of Penn- sylvania. This State coat of arms, with the eagle as a crest and harnessed horses as supporters, is found on proc- lamations issued by the Supreme Executive Council of Pennsylvania as early as 1786. It is well engraved, but unsigned in the examples seen by the writer. LYBRAND, J. About 1820, J. Lybrand neatly engraved in line a view of the Gilpin paper-mill, on Brandywine Creek, Pa., after a drawing by B. K. Fox. Possibly a little earlier than this, he was engraving in connection with R. Campbell, of Philadelphia; these latter plates were also in line, but very simple in character. MAAS, JACOB The only mention found of Jacob Maas is in connec- tion with the engraving and sale of “Lafayette and Washington badges” in 1824. 'The Philadelphia news- papers of that year contain conditions of sale of “their plates’; and this notice is signed jointly by “J. L. Fred- erick and Jacob Maas, Engravers.” McCABH, E. This engraver of vignettes was seemingly working in New York about 1855. McCARTHY McCarthy was a line-engraver of portraits, in the em- ploy of J. C. Buttre, New York, in 1860-65. 166 os 7 2 ale REV. JOHN M. MAS ENGRAVED BY as 1797-1818 + . Paine “by Archibald Rolertzon Eno“by G. Oraébarm ; raf * Ag 4, (? ae i“ VA A pares DDSTIP ) ¢ ¢ r2] y ( 4 I u oO forke Zit, Cy Laxey ype: lag 1004 ne ee te ; Lear, wee te : BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES McCLUSKEY, WILLIAM Some very well-executed subject plates, signed by Wm. McCluskey as engraver, were published in the “New Mirror,” New York, about 1845. McGOFFIN, JOHN Born in Philadelphia in 1818; was living in 1883. McGoffin was an excellent line-engraver of landscape and subject plates. He was a pupil of James W. Steel, of Philadelphia, and he was in the employ of that en- graver in 1834. Mr. Baker says that he painted minia- tures for some years; but he evidently continued to en- grave, and was working at least as late as 1876. McLELLAN, H. B. About 1860 this stipple-engraver of portraits was lo- cated in Boston, Mass. McRAE, JOHN C. | McRae engraved portraits and subject plates, in both line and stipple, for New York publishers of 1855. He executed several large and excellent subject plates for framing, and was working as late as 1880. A portrait of John Wesley, in mezzotint and pub- lished by Harper & Brother, New York, is signed McRae sc. While inferior in execution to his other work, this may have been engraved by John C. McRae. J.M. AE. 14 sculp. 1758. This early American engraver can not be identified by the compiler. The only evidence of his existence is a 167 | BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES small quarto portrait of Frederick III of Prussia, ‘folded and inserted” in the New York Almanac for . 1759; New York: “Printed and Sold by Hugh Gaine at the Bible and Crown in Hanover Square.” ‘This print may be described as follows: Exxceedingly rude line work with an attempt at stipple in the face. Vignette; half- length in uniform standing to right, face front, right hand on hip, left hand on hilt of sword resting on point; muzzle of cannon in right base. Size 5.8< 5.5 ins. In- scription: J. M. AE 14 sculp 1758 Frederick the Third The Great King of Prussia Sold by J. Turner, in Arch Street Philad’a. This print was issued with the almanac; as Hugh Gaine, in the “New York Mercury” of Nov. 6, 1758, announces the publication of the almanac, and says, “with a beautiful frontispiece of that Hero of the Age, Charles Frederick, King of Prussia.” ‘The same alma- nac contained a woodcut of the “Harbour of Louis- bourg,” previously published in the “Mercury” for August 14, 1758. The probability is that this J. M. was a young appren- tice of James Turner, the engraver; as the latter was cer- tainly located in Philadelphia at that date and engraved the large map of the “Province of Pennsylvania” pub- lished by Nicholas Scull in 1759. MACKENSIHE, E. This accomplished engraver of portraits in the stipple manner came from England, in 1883-84, to engrave for the “National Portrait Gallery.” He remained in the 168 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES United States and was later largely employed in portrait work by the Methodist Book Concern, of New York. MACKLOW, J. A well-engraved portrait of Martha Washington, after the painting by Woolaston, is signed by this man about 1835; and is further inscribed as “Engraved ex- pressly for the Christian Family Annual.” MAIN, WILLIAM Born in New York City, and practised engraving there between 1821 and 1838. ‘This American engraver had an interesting career, and the unique distinction of having been a pupil of the famous Raphael Morghen. According to Wm. Dunlap, Main, as a young man, was taken to Italy by Mauro Gandolfi, who came to this coun- try, in 1817, under contract to engrave Col. Trumbull’s “Declaration of Independence.” On account of what he regarded as the relatively high cost of living in the United States, Gandolfi broke his contract and returned home the same year, and took Main with him under promise of teaching him engraving. For some reason not stated Main was abandoned in Florence, and he then ap- plied to Morghen and was admitted and spent three years in the studio of that great master. This statement of Dunlap is supported by the fact that the peculiar en- graving table brought by Main from Florence was for many years in the possession of James Smillie, in New York, and was always known among engravers as the “Morghen table.” , In 1820 William Main returned to New York full of 169 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS enthusiasm for his art, and he opened a studio in that city. With the purpose of demonstrating his ability he paid $40 for the privilege of engraving in line an octavo portrait of Rev. John Henry Hobart, after the painting by John Paradise. The resulting 8vo plate was a good piece of work; but Main declared that the proceeds from the sale of the print “barely paid for the copper.” And in a letter to Dunlap he says that the bulk of his early employment here consisted in engraving “‘visiting cards, door-plates and dog-collars.” | He eventually found employment and engraved a few portraits and book illustrations. William Main was one of the founders of the National Academy of Design in 1826; and he was a member of the class of engravers, along with Durand, Danforth, Peter Maverick, and C. C. Wright. He was engraving as late as 1837, though he seems to have left New York in 1833. MAJOR, JAMES PARSONS Born at Frome, Somersetshire, Kngland,in 1818; died at Somerville, N. J., Oct. 17, 1900. Mr. Major came to the United States as a bank-note engraver in 1830. He resided in Brooklyn until 1872, and for over fifty-five years he was in charge of the engraving and modeling department of what is now the American Bank Note Company, of New York. MALCOM, JAMES PELLER Born in Philadelphia, August, 1767; died in England, April 5, 1815. Malcom began to engrave in Philadel- 170 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES phia prior to 1786; as he designed and engraved the fron- tispiece for “The Lyric Works of Horace,” by John Parke, published in that year in Philadelphia. This plate is a somewhat ambitious piece of work, but is poorly executed. Under the patronage of Rev. Jacob Duche and other citizens of Philadelphia, Malcom was sent to England to study art; and in a memoir written in 1805 he says that he attended the Royal Academy course for three years. Possibly as a means of self-support, Malcom en- graved landscapes, buildings, etc., for several English magazines; and among these were several Philadelphia buildings. In 1792-93 he returned to Philadelphia; and Alexander Lawson credits him with having en- graved at this time an interior view of Christ Church, in his native city. A photographic copy of such an en- graving has been seen by the compiler, but the copy bears no evidence of the engraver. Malcom found little encouragement in Philadelphia, and he soon returned to England and resumed work upon the “Gentleman’s Magazine” and other English periodi- cals. He became much interested in historical and an- tiquarian research; was a Fellow of the Antiquarian So- ciety, and published seven or more books. Among these were “Londinium Redivivum,” 1802-05; “Excursions in the Counties of Kent, Gloucester, etc.,” 1802-05; “Anecdotes of the Manners and Customs of London,” 1808-11; and “Miscellaneous Anecdotes,” 1811. These works were largely illustrated by plates engraved by Malcom. 171 4 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS MANLY, JOHN The only evidence of the work of this man as an engraver is found in an etched portrait of Washington, executed after 1789. Manly is said to have been a die-sinker, and apparently flourished about 1800. In an advertisement in the ““F'reeman’s Journal,” Phil- adelphia, 1790, “an artist” proposes “a subscription for a medal of George Washington.” Subscriptions were received at Wilmington by Peter Rynberg; and in Philadelphia by J. Manly, “in the care of Robert Patton, Postmaster.” This would indicate that Manly was then in Philadelphia—if he were not the “artist” referred to. MANZO, JOSE Born in Puebla, Mexico,in 1789; died in Mexico about 1840. Manzo studied painting under Salvador del Huerto, and later applied himself entirely to engraving and chasing on metal, in which art he excelled. In 1814 he was made the first director of the new Academy of Design; in 1824 he was attached to the Embassy to Rome, and in that-city and in Paris he perfected his knowledge of engraving and also acquired the art of lithography. He returned to Mexico in 1827, and bring- ing with him the necessary presses, stones, etc., he founded the latter industry in Mexico. Under government pat- ronage he established a school of engraving and lithog- raphy, in 1828, in the Cardine College, in the city of Mexico...) 3) 172 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES MARCHANT, B. The only engravings by Marchant seen by the com- piler are line illustrations in “The Narrative of Capt. James Riley,” published in New York in 1816. MARE, JOHN DE De Mare was born in Belgium; belonged to a noble and ancient family, and was himself a highly cultivated man. It is not known where he learned to engrave; but he appeared in New York about 1850, and engraved in line a few admirable book illustrations. He is said to have returned to Kurope about 1861. MARSAC, HARVEY This name appears as an “engraver” in the New York directory for 1834. As no work signed by him has been found by the compiler, it can not be positively stated that he engraved on copper. MARSH, WILLIAM R. Marsh was engraving vignettes, advertising cards, ete., in New York, in 1833-48. MARSHALL,—— In John Marshall’s “Life of George Washington,” published by C. P. Wayne, Philadelphia, 1804-07, one of the illustrative maps is signed Marshall Sct. This map represents the relative positions of the American and British forces prior to the battle of White Plains, Oct. 28, 1776. 173 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS MARSHALL, WILLIAM EDGAR Born in New York City, June 30, 1887, William E. Marshall began bank-note engraving in New York with Danforth, Wright & Co., and later devoted his time to the engraving of large portraits in line, chiefly done from portraits painted by himself. In 1864 he went abroad and studied art in Paris for about two years, and exhib- ited in the Salons: of 1865-66. On his return to this country he painted portraits and again commenced en- graving portraits. Mr. Marshall is best known as an engraver by his large line plates of Washington, Lin- coln, Gen. Grant, H. W. Longfellow, James G. Blaine, etc. But one of the best examples of his portrait work is the head of James Fenimore Cooper, engraved in 1861. MARTIN, D. D. Martin engraved at least one portrait, and also some of the maps found in the “Monthly Military Re- pository,” published by G. Smith, New York, 1796. These are maps of military operations during the Revolution. MARTIN, E. In 1826 this man was engraving buildings, etc., for Cincinnati publishers. MARTIN, J. B. Several stipple portraits, fairly well engraved, and pub- lished in Richmond, Va., in 1822, are signed Engraved — by J. B. Martin, Richm‘d. Martin claimed to be an artist; and he drew upon stone a good quarto portrait of John Randolph, of Roanoke. 174 Died A he 2 ; % IsJg ¢ cl f vont Orgs cool Liture.dn Mee” Mechon of teeLuhe of } Chandrs. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES This lithograph was printed by Cephas G. Childs, but is signed as Drawn on Stone & Published by J. B. Martin, Richm’d. MARTIN, ROBERT In 1860 this man produced some excellent line illus- trations for Cooper’s works, published in New York. MASON, ALVA About 1819 the firm of W. & A. Mason advertised as “Engravers of brass ornaments for book-binding etc. charter and Patent Medicine Seals, Embossing plates and Brass Engraving for Typographical Printing.” Their establishment was located at No. 15 S. 4th St., Philadelphia. It is not known that this firm did any cop- perplate engraving. MASON, D. H. The Philadelphia directories of 1805-18 contain the name of D. H. Mason, “music-engraver.” In 1816 he executed vignettes for the bank-note engraving firm of Murray, Draper, Fairman & Co., of the same city; and in 1830 Mason signed a certificate as “Architect and En- graver.” MASON, WILLIAM G. This line-engraver of buildings, etc., was located in Philadelphia in 1822-45, excepting the years 1823-29. He made the illustrations for Joshua Shaw’s “U. S. Architecture,” and for other publications by the same author. Judging from the excellence of line vignettes 175. } AMERICAN ENGRAVERS engraved by Mason for bill-heads, etc., he was probably chiefly engaged on bank-note work. MAVERICK, MARIA A. anp EMILY These two daughters of Peter Maverick, of New York, separately engraved several admirable stipple il- lustrations for an edition of Shakspere published about 1830. | ANN Maverick, a daughter of Dr. Alexander An- derson and the wife of Andrew Maverick, was a capital wood-engraver at a somewhat later period. Two other members of the Maverick family, Octavia and Catherine, were engaged in art work: the first named as teacher of drawing in the Packard Institute, of Brook- lyn; and the other held a similar position in Madam Willard’s school, in Troy, N. Y. MAVERICK, PETER Born in New York, Oct. 22, 1780; died there June 7, 1881. Peter Maverick was the son and pupil of Peter Rushton Maverick, one of the early engravers of New York. In 1802 Peter Maverick was in business in New York as an engraver; but at a later period he removed to Newark, N. J., where he was the preceptor and in 1817 the partner of A. B. Durand. Maverick returned to New York and there conducted an extensive establishment as a general engraver and copperplate printer; to this busi- ness he finally added lithography. Peter Maverick was one of the founders of the National Academy of Design in 1826; and the “Historic Annals of the Academy” refer to him as excelling in “letter engraving and bank-note 176 ‘ BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES work.” A portrait of Peter Maverick is in existence painted by John Neagle. MAVERICK, PETER, JR. All that is known of this man is that he was a son of Peter Maverick, and the New York directories for 1832 —45 give his occupation as “engraver and lithographer.” MAVERICK, PETER RUSHTON Born in America, April 11, 1755; died in New York, Dec. 12, 1811, according to an announcement in the “Newark Centinel of Freedom,” of that year. In the “New York Packet,” March 16,1786, Maverick advertises his business as follows: “The Subscriber, ever willing to serve the public, re- spectfully informs them, that he carries on engraving, seal-sinking and copper plate printing at No. 3 Crown Street, where ladies may have their tea-table ware en- graved in the most elegant manner and in the newest fashion, resembling the flat chasing, as neat as in Europe. “By their humble servant, “Peter Maverick.” This card is surmounted by a woodcut of a cherub supporting a scroll inscribed “Arms, Seals, &c.,” and the advertisement plainly indicates that, like other early American engravers, the engraving of silver-plate and book-plates formed the major part of his business. _ His copperplates, as a rule, are poor in execution, though his book-plates are better. The stipple portrait of Volney, signed by P. R. Maverick, is probably the work of his son Peter, or some engraver in his employ. 177 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS MAVERICK, SAMUEL This name is signed as engraver to book illustrations published in New York in 1824. The New York direc- tories call Samuel Maverick a “copperplate printer” in 1805, and in 1819-87 the occupation becomes “Engraver and Copperplate printer.”” The name appears in these directories until 1847. But there was another Samuel Maverick—or Samuel R. Maverick, as it was printed at times—who was some- times an “engraver” and then “auctioneer and copper- plate printer.” MAXON, CHARLES The New York directory for 18338 contains this name as “engraver.” No copperplate is known so signed. MEADOWS, C. This engraver of portraits and buildings was in busi- ness in Windsor, Vt. He was working about 1850—55. \ MEADOWS, R. M. A very well-executed stipple portrait of Edward Jen- ner, M.D., was engraved by R. M. Meadows and pub- lished in the “Analectic Magazine” for 1817. Meadows also engraved a portrait of F. Asbury for an American publication; but it is not certain that either of these plates was engraved in the United States. Nagler, in his ““Kunstler-Lexicon,” refers to a Robert Meadows who flourished in the first quarter of the last century and engraved for the “Shakespeare Gallery,” of 178 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES London. His life is unknown to Nagler, but this may be the man mentioned above. MEDAIRY & BANNERMAN This firm was engraving portraits and book-plates in Baltimore, Md., in 1828—29. The second member of the firm was doubtless W. W. Bannerman, already re- ferred to. MERCHANT, G. W. A well-engraved plan of the floor of the Senate cham- ber, at Albany, N. Y., is signed G. W. Merchant Engr. & Pub. The plan is used as a frontispiece to the “Legis- lative Manual of the State of New York, 1834,” and it was published at Albany in that year. MEYER, HENRY HOPPNER } This capital stipple-engraver of portraits made plates for the “National Portrait Gallery,” of 1834. If he were really in this country his stay here was very brief, as few plates are found so signed. MEYRICK, RICHARD The “American Weekly Mercury,” Philadelphia, No. 516, 1729, contains the following advertisement: “Richard Meyrick. Engraver, remov’d from the Lock and Key in Chesnut Street to the Widow Walker’s, in - Front-Street Philadelphia.” Meyrick was probably an engraver for silversmiths. 179 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS MIDDLETON, THOMAS Thomas Middleton was an artist and amateur etcher, living in Charleston, S. C., in 1814. He was probably a member of the well-known Middleton family of that State, as the portrait of Arthur Middleton engraved by Longacre, for Sanderson’s “Lives of the Signers,” is in- scribed as “after a drawing by T. Middleton from a group in a Family Picture by Ben. West.” | The only engraved work of Thomas Middleton seen by the compiler is contained in some good etchings in a scrap-book once belonging to Robert Gilmor, of Balti- more, Md. These include an effective bust portrait of Alexander Hamilton; and on this prmt Mr. Gilmor has written “Engraved by Thos. Middleton, of Charleston, S. C., in 1814.” His other etchings are simply signed “'T’. Middleton.” Several examples of the smaller etch- ings found in the Gilmor scrap-book have lately been picked up by the writer in Paris; and it is poses that he studied art in that city. MOFFAT, J. A fairly well-engraved line portrait of Robert Burns is signed as H'ng’d on Steel by J. Moffat. This print was published by Wm. Pearson, New York, 1830-35; but it is possibly the work of a Scotch engraver and the plate may have been brought over here for publication. MOLINEUX, —— In 18381 there was published by Luke Loomis & Co., of Pittsburg, Pa., a German work entitled “The Life and 180 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES Works of Johann Friedrich Oberlin,” with an introduc- tion by Prof. S. S. Schmucker, of the Theological Semi- nary at Gettysburg, Pa. The frontispiece to this book is an engraved silhouette of Oberlin, signed Molineux Sc. Pitt. This same Molineux engraved upon copper for this work a fairly well-executed portrait of Louise Schep- ler, and views of the residences of Oberlin and his fellow- workers. No other examples of the engraved work of Molineux are known to the compiler. MONTGOMERY, R. The only example of the work of this engraver seen by the writer is a book-plate of James Giles, signed KR. Montgomery, Sculp. The plate is armorial, with a can- non and American flag introduced into the decoration, and it is crude enough in execution to have been the work of some prentice local engraver. ‘This James Giles was doubtless a James Giles, of New York, who was a lieuten- ant of the 2nd Continental Artillery, and a regimental adjutant in January, 1781. Another armorial plate of this same James Giles, with military trophies, including cannon, ramrods, kegs of powder, etc., was engraved by “Maverick.” Some collectors of ex libris assert that the engraver of the first-named plate was Gen. Richard Montgomery, who was killed at Quebec in 1775. This book-plate was probably engraved by Robert Montgomery, who advertises in the “New York Packet,’ Nov. 138, 1783, as “Watch Maker, Clock Maker and En- graver.” 181 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS MOORE, ISAAC W. Moore was engraving good line portraits and histori- cal plates in 1831-33 for Philadelphia periodicals. MOORE, T. This stipple-engraver of portraits signs himself on one of his plates 7. Moore (successor to Pendleton) Boston. MORGAN, GEORGE T. Born in Birmingham, England, in 1845; living in Philadelphia in 1892. Morgan studied at the art school in Birmingham and won a national scholarship to the South Kensington Art School, where he was a student for two years. He came to the United States, and in 1875 was made an assistant engraver in the U. S. Mint in Philadelphia, and he remained there a number of years. He designed and executed the dies for the once famous “Bland Dollar.” MORIN, J. F. Morin was an engraver of maps, business-cards, etc., who was working in New York in 1825-81, as shown by dates of publication on his few signed plates. In 1825 he engraved in connection with S. Maverick, and was then apparently in the employ of that engraver and copper- plate printer. In 1831 Morin engraved a good map of New York City for “The Traveller’s Guide through the State of New York,” published in New York in that year. MORSE, HAZEN In the “New England Palladium,” of July 20, 1824, _ Hazen Morse, “engraver,” announces that he has re- 182 7 PHILIP DORMER STANHOPE, EARL OF CHE | ENGRAVED BY JOHN SCOLES | Osrr 1844 TB be ny ) NY il a | ays il RAL i i) ] i | ALERTS Ht Ny) ue uy ili i Wat ANI i il th i i} il list ait Cw del. Nive sealp. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES moved from No. 6 Congress Street to Congress Square, “a few doors south of the Exchange Coffee House,” and he there “continues the business of Copper Plate En- graving, in its various branches.” Copperplate printing was also done at the same place. For a time Hazen was in the employ of the Boston engraving firm of Annin & Smith. According to the advertisement quoted above he seems to have been chiefly engaged in engraving door- plates, brass numbers for doors, coffin-plates, stencil- plates, etc. The only signed copperplate known to the writer is the Carey book-plate (Allen 140) inscribed H. Morse Sc. : ~ MORSE & TUTTLE In 1840 this firm was engraving maps in Boston, Mass., and the Morse of the firm was probably Hazen Morse- MORSE, NATHANIEL The following death notice is found in the “Boston Gazette, or Weekly Journal,” Boston, June 21, 1748: “Last Friday (June 17) died here Mr. Nathaniel Morse, an ingenious engraver, whose corpse was decently inter’d last Lord’s Day Evening.” The only engraving by Nathaniel Morse found by the compiler is a portrait of Rev. Matthew Henry, rudely engraved in line after a print by George Vertue. This portrait is the frontispiece to “The Communicant’s Com- panion, etc.,” by Matthew Henry, published in “Boston in New England, re-printed for T. Phillips at the Sta- tioner’s Arms, next to Mr. Dolbear, the Braziers, 1731.” 183 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS The Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 101, No. 525, con- tains a copy of a bill of 1735, showing that Morse was paid for engraving and printing a plate for Massa- chusetts paper money. This bill is signed “Nat. Mors,” as is the engraving of Matthew Henry referred to above. MOTH, W. H. This English portrait-engraver did a large amount of work in London in the first half of the last century. He engraved portraits of Charles Carroll, of Carrollton, Epes Sargent, and other Americans, and subject plates engraved by him were used in American publications; but no evidence has been found by the compiler that Mote ever actually engraved in this country. The plates men- tioned were probably brought over here for publication. MOTTRAM, C. A. fine line-engraving, signed by C. Mottram as en- graver, represents a view of the city of New York from | the Brooklyn shore. It is made from a drawing executed by J. W. Hill, New York, 1855; and was published in New York in the same year. John William Hill was the son of John Hill, the aquatint-engraver, who came to the United States in 1816 and died here in 1850. But no other work has been seen signed by C. Mottram. MOULD, J. B. This name is signed as engraver to good stipple por- traits published in New York about 1830. But as the portraits are those of foreigners it is possible that these plates were imported. 184 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES MULLIKEN, JONATHAN A facsimile of Paul Revere’s massacre plate is signed Jona. Mulliken, Newbury Port, sculpt. 'There is no in- dication of date, and about all that is known of Mulliken is to be learned from the following notice printed in the “Independent Chronicle and Universal Advertiser,” Boston, Sept. 5, 1782: “All persons indebted to, or that have any Demands on the Estate of Jonathan Mulliken, late of Newbury-Port, Clockmaker, deceas’d, are desired to bring in their Accounts, in order for Settlement, to Moses Brown and Abel Greenleaf Executors of said Estate. “Newburyport, August, 12, 1782.” From this it would appear that Mulliken was a clock- maker of Newburyport, Mass., and that he died prior to August 12, 1782. He probably engraved his own metal clock-faces; but no other print is known to the writer than the one referred to above. MUMFORD, E. W. In 1885-40 this engraver of landscape and subject plates was apparently working in Philadelphia. MUNGER, GEORGE Born in Guilford, Conn., in 1783; died in 1824. Mun- ger was a miniature painter of some merit; and the firm of N. & S. S. Jocelyn engraved plates after portraits painted by him. In February, 1816, N. Jocelyn and G. Munger, of New Haven, Conn., published a large aqua- tint view of the island of St. Helena. ‘This plate is 185 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS signed G. Munger, Sculp.; but it is the only pre of his engraved work found. Munger was some relation of Anson Didkinsoas the miniature painter, also born in Connecticut. Two of Munger’s daughters became artists. MUNSON, S. B. Munson probably lived in New Haven, Conn., about 1830—35, as he engraved a number of plates in conjunc- tion with S. S. Jocelyn, of that town. Munson himself was a very good stipple-engraver of portraits. The en- graving firm of S. B. Munson & G. K. Stillman also produced prints; and in 1842 the firm of Doolittle & Munson was engraving in Cincinnati, O. MURPHY, —— A crudely engraved line frontispiece, representing “Wisdom,” is signed Murphy sculp. ‘This plate was published in New York in 1807. The design shows Minerva armed with spear and shield standing in cen- ter; with a flying Cupid and palm tree to left and a lamb at her feet. No other example of Murphy’s work has been seen. MURRAY, GEORGE Born in Scotland; died in Philadelphia, July 2, 1822. Dunlap says that Murray was a pupil of the well-known English engraver Anker Smith,and he was certainly en- graving portraits, etc., in London in 1796. Murray ap- pears in Philadelphia in 1800, coming to that city from one of the Southern States. He was prominent in the 186 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES Philadelphia Society of Artists in 1810; and in 1810-11 he organized the bank-note and general engraving firm of Murray, Draper, Fairman & Co., and an extensive and lucrative business was developed. In this country Murray engraved in line, over his own name, animals, landscapes, and a few portraits. He is said to have lost his money in reckless real-estate speculation, and to have died poor. On the other hand, “Poulson’s Advertiser,” of Nov. 9, 1822, notes the dissolution of the copartner- ship of Murray, Fairman & Co., “in consequence of the death of George Murray.” The surviving partners, in- cluding Asa Spencer, continued the business under the firm name of Fairman, Draper, Underwood & Co. Mur- ray may have had, however, but a small interest in this firm at the time of his death. MURRAY, JOHN In Rivington’s “Royal Gazette,” Feb. 28, 1776, we find the following: “John Murray, in the 57 Regiment from Edinburgh, engraves all manner of silver-plate, seals, coats of arms, etc.’”” He may or may not have en- graved on copper. NEAGLE, JAMES Died in Philadelphia, June 24, 1822, “aged 53 years.” The directories of Philadelphia contain his name for 1820—22, inclusive, as an “engraver.” In 1819 he was engraving in Philadelphia, and a few well-executed portraits bear his name. His signed work is very scarce and he was possibly chiefly engaged in bank-note work. | 187 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS NEAGLE, JOHN B. Born in England about 1796; died in Philadelphia in 1866. J. B. Neagle is said to have been the son of the — English engraver John Neagle, born in 1760, and he was probably a pupil of his father. He came to Philadelphia when quite young, as he engraved, in 1815-18, a portrait of Dr. Caspar Wistar for “Delaplaine’s Gallery.” John B. Neagle was a very good line-engraver and produced a considerable number of portraits and book illustrations; his small annual plates, however, represent his best work. Excepting in 1828-35, Neagle was a resident of the city of Philadelphia; and he may have been living in the vicinity of that city in this interval. In the latter part of his life he was engaged almost en- tirely on bank-note work. NESMITH, J. H. In 1805-18 this line-engraver was making illustra- tions for the encyclopedia published by S. F. Bradford, of Philadelphia. In 1824 his name as engraver is asso- ciated with that of J. B. Longacre, and in 1828 Nesmith was working for New Haven publishers. NEWCOMB, D. This name as engraver appears upon vignettes on the title-page of books published in Boston, in 1820. Judg- ing from his work Newcomb was probably one of the bank-note engravers then in business in Boston. NEW MAN, B. P. Newman was a very good engraver of landscape, working in New York in 1860. 188 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES NEWSAM, ALBERT Born, deaf and dumb, May 20, 1809, at Steubenville, O.; died near Wilmington, Del., Nov. 20, 1864. New- sam was the son of a boatman and was left an orphan at an early age. He was taken from his guardian by a deaf impostor, who used his budding talent for drawing for personal gain. He was abandoned by this man in Phil- adelphia, early in 1820, and was taken in charge by the authorities of the newly founded Institute for the Deaf and Dumb of that city, and he was there educated. His natural artistic bent was cultivated by placing him un- der the tuition of the artists George Catlin and Hugh Bridport. In 1827 Newsam was apprenticed to Cephas G. Childs to be taught engraving; and: two examples of copperplate engraving are known to the compiler signed A. Newsam, sc. Deaf & Dumb, Childs dir. These are two good stipple-engravings of “Anna” and “Queen Dido,” published in the “Casket” of Phila- delphia. | But the addition of a lithographic department to the establishment of Mr. Childs, under the able management of P. S. Duval, opened up a new field of activity pecu- liarly adapted to the portrait-drawing ability of the young deaf and dumb artist. Newsam, under instruc- tions from Mr. Duval, made rapid progress in the art of drawing upon stone; and as early as 1830 he had pro- duced some excellent lithographic portraits. To this art Newsam devoted the remainder of his professional life, and he became the most noted and prolific lithographic artist of his time. 189 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS NICHOLS, FREDERICK B. Born in Bridgeport, Conn., Aug. 29, 1824; living there in 1906. Mr. Nichols learned to engrave with the New York firm of Rawdon, Wright, Hatch & Smillie, Mr. Smillie being his chief instructor. He then went in- to business for himself, and about 1846 he published “Nichols Illustrated New York,” with views engraved by himself. In 1848 he invented a process for relief- engraving. Mr. Nichols was a good landscape engraver and did considerable work for the New York publishers; but in 1858 he abandoned engraving with the intention of promoting certain inventions of his own. In 1865 he went to Nova Scotia, was engaged in min- ing engineering, and became a professor of chemistry and geology in one of the Canadian colleges, though he continued to make reports upon mining properties. Re- turning to the United States in 1884, he resumed en- graving for one year with William Wellstood, in New York. Mr. Nichols then settled down in the place of his birth, where he is still living at an advanced age. NORMAN, JOHN According to the “New England Palladium & Com- mercial Advertiser,” June 10, 1817, John Norman died in Boston, June 8, 1817, “aged 69 years.” That he was an Englishman is shown by his advertisement in the “Pennsylvania Journal” of May 11, 1774, which prob- ably notes his first appearance in this country. It is as follows: “John Norman, Architect and Landscape Engraver, from London. Takes this method to acquaint the Pub- 190 Osrr 1800 rie =) . a re ig er ame pe me lay me Le ee, ; : oth 3 J a ae ee anal Wana, san, DE LAFAYE TTE M. nha, “eer ENON LD AR amnion pimp nncoe ete NET BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES lic, that he has taken an Apartment at Mr. Dowey’s, Goldsmith, in Front-Street, near the Coffee-House (Philadelphia), where he intends carrying on the said art. Any Gentlemen, who please to favour him with their commands, may depend on having their work care- fully and expeditiously executed on the lowest terms and in the best manner. “N.B. Booksellers, in any part of America, may be supplied with frontispieces of any kind, as reasonable as in England, and great care will be taken to dispatch at the time they are wanted.” The same journal, for Aug. 17, 1774, shows that Nor- man had taken to himself a partner, and the advertise- ment enters more into the detail of his business, as follows: “Norman and Ward. Engravers and Drawing- Masters. 'Take this method to acquaint the Public that they have opened a shop in Front-Street . . . where they neatly engrave— Shop Bills; Bills of Exchange; Bills of Lading; Bills of Parcels; Maps; Portraits; Landskips; Frontis Pieces; Stone Stamps and Dies; Clock and Watch Gearing; Architecture; Devices for News- Papers, &c. Watch Cases neatly and elegantly orna- mented; Plate and all Sorts of Silversmith’s Work; Views and Charts; Copper Printing; with many other Things too tedious to mention in an Advertisement . . . They have likewise opened an Evening Drawing School.” The first engraved work of Norman known to the writer is found in “Swan’s British Architect, or the Builders Treasury of Stair-cases,” published by Robert Bell, in Philadelphia, July 5, 1775. This book was illus- 191 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS trated by 100 plans of stairways, etc. “curiously en- graved on Sixty Folio Copper-Plates by John Norman, Architect-Engraver.” At nearly the same time, Norman engraved diagrams for “The Prussian Evolutions in Actual Engagements,” by Thomas Hanson. Proposals for printing the latter book by subscription were pub- lished in the “Pennsylvania Gazette,” July 19, 1775. In 1776 “John Norman, Printseller and Engraver,” was located on Second Street, near Spruce Street, Phila- delphia; and from that place he announced the publica- tion and sale of “A Map of the Present Seat of War, with the Harbour of New York and Perth-Amboy. Price Two Shillings and Sixpence.” He was still en- graving in Philadelphia in 1780; but in 1781 he engraved the title and music for “The Psalm-singer’s Amusement, ’ published in Boston, and he was then living in the latter city. For the Boston edition of “An Impartial History of the War, etc.,” 1782, Norman engraved his well- known series of portraits; and in November, 1783, Nor- man & White issued the first number of the “Boston Magazine,” published under the auspices of a “Society for compiling a Magazine in the Town of Boston,” and illustrated by plates engraved by Norman. Owing to some disagreement with members of the Society Nor- man’s connection with the publication ceased in July, 1784. He then seemingly went into the book-publishing business on his own account, and Dr. Samuel A. Green eredits him with publishing the first Boston directory of 1789. Of his later life very little is known, other than that he was engraving for New York publishers as late as 1811. | | 192 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES As an engraver Norman’s earlier work was exceed- ingly crude, and a number of his plates are more or less modified copies of English originals. Some few of his later plates show decided improvement. His chief claim to fame is the fact that he was probably the first engraver in America to attempt a portrait of Washington, about 1779. William Dunlap’s assertion that Norman was a pupil of Sir Godfrey Kneller is met by the fact that Sir Godfrey died in 1728, many years before Norman was born. O'BRIEN, R. This portrait-engraver worked for many years for the New York engraver A. H. Ritchie. O'NEILL, JOHN A. Born in New Jersey, and as an engraver he worked chiefly in the city of New York, engraving portraits and historical subjects. During the Cleveland administra- tion, O’Neill was chief engraver to the Treasury Depart- ment at Washington, D. C. In 1876 he was mayor of Hoboken, N. J. OAKLEY, F. F. About 1860 Oakley was engraving vignettes in line, at 204 Washington St., Boston. His work is very good, though very few signed plates have been seen, and he was probably a bank-note engraver. OERTEL, JOHANNES ADAM Born in Furth, near Nuremberg, Germany, Nov. 3, 1828; living in 1901. Oertel was apprenticed to. J. M. | 193 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS HK. Muller, a well-known engraver of Nuremberg, and remained with him until his twenty-fifth year, thoroughly mastering the art of engraving. He then studied art at Munich, under Peter von Cornelius, Schwanthaler, and Kaulbach; but as a result of the German revolution of 1848 he came to America and settled in Newark, N. J. He at first tried painting and then resorted to engray- ing, doing much work for the bank-note companies. He finally attained success with his pictures of army life done from studies made in Virginia during the Civil War. In 1867 he was made a deacon in the Episcopal Church at Westerly, R. I.; and a few years later he was ordained to the priesthood at his parish church in Lenior, N. C. He was rector of a number of churches and was professor in an art school in St. Louis for two years. About 1857 he assisted in decorating the Capitol at Washington. OKEY, SAMUEL John Chaloner Smith, in his “British Mezzotints,” says that Samuel Okey, an engraver in mezzotint, was awarded premiums, in 1765 and 1767, by the London Society of Arts, presumedly for his engravings. Soon after the date mentioned Samuel Okey must have sailed for America. In 1778, ’74 and ’75 he was en- graving and publishing portraits in mezzotint in New- port, R. I., his business partner being Charles Reak. ORMSBY, WATERMAN LILLY Born in Hampton, Windham Co., Conn., in 1809; died in Brooklyn, N. Y., Nov. 1, 1883. Ormsby was a student in the National Academy of Design in 1829; and 194 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES though his preceptor in engraving is unknown, he was engraving over his own name in Albany, N. Y., at an early date; he was also engraving for Carter, Andrews & Co., of Lancaster, Mass. Being of a decided mechanical bent of mind he invented a ruling-machine, a transfer- press, and a “grammagraph,” a device for engraving on steel directly from medals, medallions, etc.; this latter machine, or a modification of it, was called a “panto- graph.” With these machines he produced much work. Ormsby was a very excellent line-engraver and was one of the founders of the Continental Bank Note Co., of New York; and in 1852 he published “Ormsby’s Bank- Note Engraving.” It is claimed that he assisted S. F. B. Morse and Henry A. Munson in the invention of the Morse alphabet. OSBORN, M. This stipple-engraver of portraits was working in Baltimore, Md., in 1812. In 1820 Osborn was located in Philadelphia. OSBORN, MILO In 1886 this very clever line-engraver of portraits and landscape was employed in New York; he was later working for Philadelphia magazines. One of his con- temporaries says that he became dissipated and disap- peared. OSTRANDER, P. This man was a landscape engraver working in New York, and then in Cincinnati, O., in 1850-55. 195 \ AMERICAN ENGRAVERS OTIS, BASS : | Born in Massachusetts in 1784; died in Philadelphia, Nov. 30, 1861. Otis was apprenticed to a scythe-maker in his early youth; he is supposed to have taught himself to draw and to paint, and in 1808 he was painting por- traits in New York. In 1812 he opened a studio in Philadelphia and lived there for the remainder of his life, devoting himself almost solely to portrait work. As an engraver he made a few attempts at portraits in aquatint, sometimes helped out by stipple; the best of these efforts is his portrait of Rev. Abner Kneeland, pub- — lished in 1818. He also experimented in lithography, and made the first lithographic prints in the United States; these were published in the “Analectic Magazine,” for July, 1819. In 1815 he invented a “perspective protrac- tor,” which was highly commended by Sully, Birch, Lawson, 'Tiebout, and others. Bass Otis was married to Miss Susan Pierie, of Philadelphia. Two rare but artistically engraved mezzotints are known, both engraved after paintings by Bass Otis, but unsigned by the engraver. The manner in which the plates have been prepared for the engraver would in- dicate the work of a novice in the art, and they may pos- sibly be further “experiments” by Otis himself. OURDAN, JOSEPH JAMES PROSPER Born in Marseilles, France, March, 1803; died in Washington, D. C., Oct. 25, 1874. Jos. J. P. Ourdan came to New York in 1821; removed later to Philadel- phia; and having been taught to engrave by his son, Joseph P. Ourdan, he became an expert letter engraver. 196 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES In this capacity he was employed by the U.S. Treasury Department, at Washington, from 1866 until his death. OURDAN, JOSEPH PROSPER Born in New York City, Feb. 16, 1828; died in Wash- ington, D. C., May 10, 1881. Joseph P. Ourdan was the son of the above, and served his apprenticeship as an en- graver with W. L. Ormsby, of New York. Over his own name he engraved in line some good portraits and illus- trative works for the book publishers; and the firm of Packard & Ourdan produced portraits in mezzotint. But he early became interested in bank-note work and was in the employ of the Continental and the National bank- note companies, of New York, and the American Bank Note Company, of Philadelphia. Ourdan then entered the service of the Treasury Department in Washington and in time became the chief of the Bureau of Engrav- ing and Printing. While in this bureau he engraved the portraits of a number of persons notable during the Civil War; including among these the head of S. P. Chase on the one-dollar bill, and the head of L. P. Skinner on the fractional currency. He engraved other admirable por- traits for the bank-note companies. OURDAN, VINCENT LE COMTE Born in Brooklyn, N. Y., in 1855. He served his ap- prenticeship as an engraver with the Columbian Bank Note Company, of Washington, D. C., from 1875 to 1878; for a time he was employed in the Bureau of En- graving and Printing, and then returned to the Colum- bian Company and was with this company until it went 197 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS out of business. In 1882 Mr. Ourdan went to the U. s. Hydrographic Office, in Washington, and he there created the Mechanical Engraving Department. He in- vented six separate machines for mechanically perform- ing much of the work upon maps and charts that had previously been done by hand, and thus more than trebled the output in a given time. Mr. Ourdan was the chief of this department until 1901, when he resigned under an engagement to install a complete set of his ma- chines in the Japanese Hydrographic Office, and to in- struct the Japanese in the art of both hand and machine engraving. PAGE, WILLIAM Born in Albany, N. Y., Jan. 23, 1811; died in Totten- ville, Staten Island, N. Y., Oct. 1, 1885. William Page commenced the study of law in New York, but soon abandoned this profession for art, and became a pupil of James Herring and S. F. B. Morse. But he again changed his mind and studied theology for two years at Amherst and Andover. He left these institutions and resumed painting in Albany and New York, and there- after he adhered to the palette, and became president of the National Academy of Design in 1871-73. His ven- tures in engraving were made as early as 1834; and he then engraved in mezzotint a very excellent quarto por- trait of Rev. James Milnor. He engraved about the same time a mezzotint portrait of Edwin Forrest, which Dunlap pronounced “the best specimen of that art pro- duced by an American.” 198 _ JAMES A. BAYARD BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES PALMER, J. , A number of large and fairly well-executed Bible illustrations, published in New York in 1826, are signed Jd. Palmer, Sc. PAPPRILL, HENRY This engraver in aquatint produced at least two very large plates. One shows New York as seen from Gov- ernor’s Island; and the other is a most interesting and detailed view over the city from the steeple of St. Paul’s Church. The first was engraved from a sketch made by I’. Catherwood, and the other from a drawing by J. W. Hill. These plates were published in New Yorkin 1849, and the view from St. Paul’s steeple was reissued in 1855 with many changes in the buildings shown. There were also several editions of the other plate. PAQUET, ANTHONY C. Born in Hamburg, Germany, in 1814; died in 1882. Paquet came to the United States in 1848 and found employment here as a die-sinker. From 1857 until 1864 he was assistant engraver of the U. S. Mint at Phila- delphia. Among others he engraved the dies for medals of Buchanan, Everett, Grant, and Johnson. PARADISE, JOHN WESLEY Born in New Jersey in 1809; died in New York Aug. 17, 1862. John W. Paradise was the son of John Para- dise, an American portrait-painter who was born in 1783 and died in 1884. The son was a pupil of A. B. Durand and in time became an admirable line-engraver of por- 199 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS traits. He was one of the founders of the National Academy in 1826. Later in life John W. Paradise was chiefly employed as a bank-note engraver, and he was working in this branch of his profession up to the time of his death. PARKER, CHARLES H. Born in Salem, Mass., about 1795; died in Philadel- phia in 1819. Parker was a pupil of Gideon Fairman; worked in Europe for a time, and about 1812 he was in business as an engraver in Philadelphia. He is referred to as the “best engraver of script, maps and ornament of his time.’ He was the engraver of the beautiful script on the title-page of the “Analectic Magazine,” of Phila- delphia, and did considerable work of this character. PARKER, GEORGE Born in England and was engraving excellent stipple portraits in London in December, 1832. He came to the United States, about 1834, to work for Longacre & Herring on the “National Portrait Gallery” plates, and he seemingly remained continuously in this country un- til his death, which occurred about 1868. Parker en- graved a considerable number of good portraits. PARKYNS, GEORGE ISHAM This English artist and designer for engravers came to Philadelphia about 1795. His only known print is a large and good aquatint view of Mount Vernon. He is said to have been employed by T. B. Freeman, the Philadelphia publisher of books and prints. 200 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES PAUL, E. The only known print of this man is a large and ex- cellent mezzotint portrait of Henry Clay, published by R. A. Bachia, New York, 1855. This print is signed King'd by E. Paul. PEABODY, M. M. The earliest plate by this engraver seen by the com- piler is a very large and very crudely executed engray- ing of “The Unjust Sentence of the Jews against Jesus Christ the Saviour of the World.” This print was en- graved and published in 1823, without noting the place of publication; but in 18385 M. M. Peabody was located in Utica, N. Y., and engraved maps in line and general book illustrations in stipple in that town. A few por- - traits, signed M. Peabody, were probably the work of the above. _ PEALE, CHARLES WILSON Born in Charlestown, Md., April 16, 1741; died in Philadelphia, Feb. 22, 1827. Peale is said to have been apprenticed to a saddier in Annapolis, Md.; but he went to Boston to study art, and in 1768-69 he is credited with having received some instruction from J. S. Copley in that city. About this time he went to London with let- ters to Benjamin West and received some encourage- ment from him. In London Peale learned to paint min- iatures, to engrave in mezzotint, to mold in wax, and to work in plaster. He returned to Annapolis; but was in Philadelphia in 201 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 1775, and at once took an active part in the Revolution and in State politics. He was a captain of volunteers at the Battle of Trenton, and he represented Philadelphia in the Pennsylvania Legislature of 1779. While in the army, and afterward, Peale painted the portraits of a large number of men prominent at that time in military affairs, besides doing much work in ordinary portrait- painting. | Peale was deeply interested in the study of natural history; and the finding of the remains of a “mammoth” in Ulster Co., N. Y., practically induced him to estab- lish in Philadelphia his once famous Museum, opened to the public in 1802. To this institution he devoted the re- mainder of his life. As an engraver in mezzotint Peale did good work; though his plates are few and very scarce. PEASE, JOSEPH IVES Born in Norfolk, Conn., Aug. 9, 1809; died at ‘Twin Lakes, near Salisbury, Conn., July 2, 1883. In his early youth Pease showed very considerable mechanical abil- ity, and among other things he designed and built a power-loom and also invented a propeller for boats. He finally became an apprentice with the Hartford engraver Oliver Pelton, and remained with him until 1830. In 1835 Pease located himself in Philadelphia and engraved portraits for the National Portrait Gallery and did a considerable amount of work for the Annuals; these small plates are the best examples of his skill as an en- graver in line. In 1848 he went to Stockbridge, Mass., and finally settled on the farm where he died. He prac- 202 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES tically devoted the later portion of his life to bank-note engraving. | PEASE, RICHARD H. Was an engraver of landscape working in New York and in Albany about 1857. PEASLEY, A. M. Was a map engraver working at Newburyport, Mass., in 1804. Examples of his work are to be found in “The American Coast Pilot,” by Capt. Lawrence Furlong, printed for Kd. M. Blount, Boston. He also engraved at least one portrait—that of Saurin—executed in line combined with roulette work. PEKENINO, MICHELE About all that we know of Pekenino is to be gathered from Italian inscriptions and varied signatures on his prints. On his portrait of A. B. Durand, engraved in New York in 1820, Michele Pekenino calls himself an: architect, “a native of Sallassa Contrada, in the vicinity of Cortereggio, a land lying at the foot of the Alps on the banks of the river Baltea.” On another print, of 1821, he styles himself “architect, designer and en- graver’; and on the portrait of Pekenino engraved by A. B. Durand the latter calls him a “pen-designer,” and adds that “None but Nature taught him.” On a small portrait of Bolivar, Pekenino signs his name as “Il Canavasano del. e se.’’; and he dedicates another print to the friends of “St. Giorgio Canavese in Piemonte.” When he added a border and relettered and issued his 203 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS portrait of Durand as a portrait of the Liberator, Boli- var, he employed the fictitious signature of “St. Giorgio Sc.” From all of this we gather that Pekenino was prob- ably an architectural draftsman and later an engraver in the stipple manner, and that he was a native of a small village in Piedmont. Diligent search has failed to exactly locate Sallassa Contrada; but enough is known to place it on the Dora Baltea River, somewhere between 3 the towns of Biella and Aosta, and about fifty miles due north of Turin. The use of the terms “Il Canavasano” and “Canavese” is doubtless due to the fact that this dis- trict is called La Canavese, and is devoted to hemp- growing. The occurrence of the letter “k” in Pekenino makes it a very unusual Italian name; and there is Justa suspicion that it was an assumed name, and that St. Giorgio was his real family name. Michele Pekenino appears in New York in 1820, and his latest prints are dated in 1822, so that his stay here was a comparatively short one; though he engraved about thirty plates while in the United States. He was located in Philadelphia in 1821-22. That he was an in- timate friend of A. B. Durand is shown by each engrav- ing the other’s portrait and adding very friendly inscrip- tions. But Dunlap’s story that Durand taught Peke- nino to engrave is very dubious, to say the least. Durand was a line-engraver; and Pekenino’s portrait of Durand, done evidently soon after his arrival in New York, is executed in stipple and is a most excellent piece of work, showing the touch of a master rather than that of an apprentice. : 204 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES Nagler, in his “Kunstler-Lexicon,” refers to a ‘““Peke- nino,’ a copperplate engraver, and “probably a pupil of Longhi.” But Nagler seems to base this statement upon the only print by Pekenino seen by him—‘“‘a good copy of Longhi’s engraving of Raphael’s Spozalizio.” This is doubtless the Michele Pekenino here noted, and the print referred to may have been engraved after he left the United States. As before mentioned, Pekenino engraved about thirty plates for American publishers. ‘These are delicately done, are unusually small in size, and in the majority of them the portrait is inclosed in an ornamented and sus- pended frame. He evidently retained the Durand plate; as, probably under financial stress, he added a ruled rectangle to the oval portrait of Durand—without changing the portrait, however. This altered plate: he relettered “Bolivar, General y Presidente de la Repub- lica de Colombia,” with fictitious signatures for painter and engraver, and he probably sold impressions as por- traits of the then popular Liberator. Nothing is known of Pekenino after his departure from the United mae in 1822. PELHAM, HENRY Born in Boston, Feb. 14, 1749; ‘ccidaitally drowned in Ireland in 1806. Henry Pelham was the son of Peter Pelham and his second wife, Mary Singleton Copley; he was thus the half-brother of John Singleton Copley. The late Wm. H. Whitmore says that Henry Pel- ham certainly engraved a picture of “The Finding of Moses,” but he neither describes the print nor does he 205 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS give his authority. The late Paul Leicester Ford also . prints a letter of March 29, 1770, from H. Pelham to “Mr. Paul Revere,” in which he says: “When I heard that you was cutting a plate of the late Murder, I thought it impossible as I knew you was not capable of doing it unless you copied it from mine, ete.” In another letter to Charles Pelham, written May 1, 1770, Henry Pelham says: “Inclosed I send you two of my pie of the late Massacre.” No such prints by Pelham are known. But several water-color copies of the Massacre picture have been preserved, which are exactly the same in design as the Revere plate, but much superior to it in the details and in the expression of the faces. Some claim that these water- colors are the work of Henry Pelham, and are the “prints” referred to, and that Revere used one of these as the original of his plate, and hence the complaint of Pel- ham to Revere. PELHAM, PETER Born in England; buried in Boston, Mass., on Dee. 14, 1751. The late Mr. Wm. H. Whitmore published in Boston, in 1867, notes concerning Peter Pelham, which corrected a number of errors into which previous biog- raphers had fallen. According to these notes, Peter Pel- ham was living in London in 1722; as his son Peter was baptized at St. Paul, Covent Garden, Dec. 17, 1721, and his son Charles was baptized at the same place, Dec. 9, 1722. He was engraving in London, at least, until 1725. He arrived in Boston prior to 1727, as in that teen he 206 Rev. JONATHAN EDWARDS, D.D. PRESIDENT OF UNION COLLEGE . is BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES painted, engraved, and published a portrait of Cotton Mather. His son William was baptized in Boston, Feb. 22, 1729; and the Boston newspapers show that he was painting, engraving, and teaching school in that city in the period 1734—48. His first wife, Mary Pelham, hav- ing died in Boston on May 22, 1748, he married Mrs. Mary Singleton Copley, the widow of Richard Copley and the mother of the American artist John Singleton Copley, who was born July 3, 1737. The records of Trinity Church, Boston, show that Peter Pelham died some time in December, 1751, as he was buried on Dec. 14, 1751. | Pelham’s widow died in May, 1789, leaving as her executor her “good friend Charles Pelham, of Newton.” By his second wife, Peter Pelham left a son, Henry Pel- ham, born Feb. 14, 1749. This Henry Pelham made surveys for a map of Boston published in London in 1777. He later went to Ireland; became agent for the Kerry estates of Lord Landsdowne, and was acciden- tally drowned in 1806. | _ The blunders of various biographers of Pelham are pointed out by John Chaloner Smith, in his “British Mezzotinto Portraits.” Redgrave says that he was born in 1648 and died in 1738; whereas his first dated prints were published in 1721, and he really died in 1751. Other biographers place his death at about the time he disappeared from London. Pelham’s marriage to the mother of John Singleton Copley also disposes of a common statement that Copley was a self-taught artist. It is more than probable that Pelham instructed his stepson in drawing, painting, and 207 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS engraving; and at least one mezzotint portrait done by Copley would bear out this conclusion. Peter Pelham was a good engraver of portraits in mezzotint and was the first of record to practise that branch of the engraver’s art in an American Colony. His plates are scarce and are very highly prized by col- lectors of early American engravings. PELTON, OLIVER | Born in Portland, Conn., Aug. 15, 1799; was living in Hartford, Conn., in 1860. Pelton was first a pupil and then a partner of Abner Reed, in Hartford. In 1827 he was established as an engraver in Boston; and in 1836 he was engaged in the bank-note business in Boston with W.D. Terry, as Pelton & Terry. Pelton was a fairly good line-engraver of portraits, and he also engraved some small plates for the Annuals. PERINE, GEORGE EDWARD Born in South Orange, Essex Co., N. J., July 9, 1887; died in Brooklyn, N. Y., Feb. 3, 1885. Mr. Perine was of Huguenot and Dutch descent, his ancestors hav- ing settled on Staten Island and in Ulster County prior to the Revolution. On May 25, 1852, he commenced en- graving under 'Thomas Doney, of New York, and in 1856—58 he was with W. W. Rice, an excellent line and bank-note engraver of Scotch Plains. During this time and before he was nineteen years old, he engraved in mezzotint his large plate of “The Signing of the Com- pact in the Cabin of the Mayflower.” In 1858—60 Mr. Perine was in the employ of New York engravers, and 208 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES in the latter year he began engraving on his own account and established, in time, an extensive and very successful business in New York City. Portrait engraving formed the chief part of his work; and while he employed many engravers in his establishment he is said to have finished every plate himself. PERKINS, E. G. A line portrait of no particular merit, published by Samuel W. Wheeler, of Providence, R. I., in 1831, is signed HE. G. Perkins, Sc. PERKINS, JACOB Born in Newburyport, Mass., July 9, 1766; died in London, England, July 30, 1849. Perkins is not known to have been, himself, an engraver upon copperplate, but his influence upon the development of bank-note engrav- ing was so marked that he deserves mention among en- gravers. As a silversmith in his native town he made the dies for the Massachusetts copper coinage of 1787, and he was early prominent as an inventor of machines for various purposes. In 1810 he found means for the im- portant substitution of steel for copper plates in engrav- ing bank-notes, thus greatly prolonging the life of the plate. Perkins at that time was located in Newburyport, Mass., associated with Gideon F'airman; and in 1810 the firm of Perkins & Fairman published “Perkins & Fair- man’s Running Hand. Stereographic Copies. Patent Steel Plates.” This was a copy-book, and was probably the first publication in this country using the steel plates. In 1814 Perkins came to Philadelphia, and as a mem- 209 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS ber of the firm of Murray, Draper, Fairman & Co., he made further and valuable improvements in the processes for manufacturing bank-notes. In 1818, with Fairman, Asa Spencer, and others, Perkins went to England to compete for the prize offered for a method of preventing forgery of bank-notes. As a result of this effort the firm of Perkins & Heath was organized in London for the production of bank-notes, etc., by the “Patent Hardened Steel Process.” While in London, Perkins perfected his process for transferring engravings from one steel plate to another; and among other devices, at that time, he in- vented a steam-gun and an improved steam-engine. PERKINS, JOSEPH | Born in Unity, N. H., Aug. 19, 1788; died in New York City, April 27, 1842. Joseph Perkins graduated from Williams College in 1814; in 1818 he went to Phila- delphia and there learned script engraving. He estab- lished himself in business in that city; but in 1825 he re- moved to New York and with A. B. Durand became a member of the bank-note engraving firm of Durand, Perkins & Co. When Mr. Durand abandoned engraving for painting, Joseph Perkins continued in business as a script engraver, with an office at No. 4 John Street, New York. PHILLIBROWNE, THOMAS Born in London and is said to have been a pupil of the Findens in that city. He was engraving admirable portraits in pure line in London in 1884; and came to the United States prior to 1851, as in that year he en- 210 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES graved a full-length portrait of Louis Kossuth for Bos- ton publishers. He was working upon illustrations to Cooper’s works, in New York, as late as 1860. Mr. Alfred Jones says that Phillibrowne was a very eccentric character, peculiar in appearance; and he claimed that his personal friend Hablot Knight Brown, or “Phiz,” had used him as a model for the familiar “Mr. Pickwick” in his original illustrations to that story of Dickens. PHILLIPS, CHARLES This excellent engraver of portraits in stipple was lo- cated in New York in 1842, and was an Englishman by birth. Very little work is signed by him; and it is said that he went into the employ of the Government at Washington, D. C. PICART, B. This apparently fictitious signature, either as designer or engraver, is signed to a large and poorly engraved plate published by H. D. Robinson, New York, seem- ingly about 1800. The print is entitled “Church and State,” and is a caricature dealing with the doctrines of Thomas Paine. ~PIERPONT, BENJAMIN, JR. Pierpont engraved upon copper the music and words of “The Singing Masters Assistant; or Key to Practical Music. By William Billings, Author of the New Eng- land Psalm-Singer, etc. Boston, (New England). Printed by Draper and Folsom, 1778.” A hye This singing-book is an oblong quarto, and on the last 211 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS page of music the engraver signs himself as Hngrav’d by Benj* Pierpont Junt Roxbury, 1778. In writing concerning engravers upon silver-plate, the late Samuel Davis, of Plymouth, Mass., mentions among other engravers of this class, one “Pierpont,” who was working in New England about 1770. ‘This may be the engraver of the above music. PIGGOT, ROBERT Born in New York City, May 20, 1795; died in Sykes- ville, Md., July 23, 1887. Piggot was a pupil of David Edwin, in Philadelphia, and at the termination of his apprenticeship he associated himself in business with his fellow apprentice Charles Goodman. This firm of Good- man & Piggot produced a considerable number of good stipple portraits for the magazines of the period. Piggot, however, soon abandoned engraving for the church, and on Nov. 80, 1828, he was ordained a priest in the Protestant Episcopal Church by Bishop White. He held several charges in Pennsylvania and Maryland, and about 1856 he was “Professor of graphics and the fine arts” in the Newton University of Baltimore, Md. In 1869 he was called to Sykesville, Md., and he was rector of Holy Trinity parish of that place until his death. He continued to engrave for some time after he en- tered upon holy orders, as we find several portrait plates signed Rev. Robert Piggot, Sculpt. PLATT, H. A well-executed stipple portrait of Samuel Thomson, Botanist, is prefixed to his “New Guide to Health,” Bos- 212 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES ton, 1832. This plate is simply signed H. Platt; and while this signature is assumed to be that of the engraver, it may also indicate the painter. No other engraved work of Platt is known to the writer. PLOCHER, JACOB J. This landscape engraver died in Philadelphia, Dec. 27, 1820. From 1815 to 1818 Plocher had an engraving establishment in that city in the Shakspere Building; but before this date he did considerable work for the ency- clopedia published by S. F. Bradford, Philadelphia, 1808-11. He engraved at least one meritorious large plate, a view of the Upper Ferry bridge over the Schuy]- kill River, Philadelphia. POLLOCK, T. In 1839 Pollock was engraving portraits in line in Providence, R. I. He was later apparently a member of the New York engraving firm of Pollock & Doty. PORTER, J. T. In 1815 this mediocre line-engraver of historical plates signed himself as of Middletown, Conn. The only plates found are in the ‘Narrative of John R. Jewett,” etc., published by Loomis & Richards, Middletown, Conn., 1815. POSSELWHITE, GEORGE W. Born in England about 1822; living in New York in 1899. Posselwhite was an admirable engraver of land- scape and subject plates. He came to the United States 218 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS about 1850 and was largely employed in New York and Philadelphia. | POUPARD, JAMES In the “Pennsylvania Gazette,” Philadelphia, Dec. 9, 1772, this engraver advertises as follows: “James Poupard, Engraver, Jeweller and Goldsmith. From London. Begs Leave to inform the Public, that he hath opened Shop, in Front-street, two doors from Chesnut-street, on the bank side; where he intends to follow his business, in its several branches. Makes and © Sells all sorts of Jeweller’s and Goldsmith’s work in gen- eral in the neatest and newest fashions, and at the most reasonable rates; engraves all sorts of silver and copper plates; also arms, crests, cyphers, &c. on seals, in gold, silver, copper or steel; likewise makes and engraves mourning rings, with the utmost expedition; also tips, in the neatest manner, in gold or silver. He gives the ut- most value for old gold and silver.” The earliest engraving by Poupard of which we have any note is mentioned in the “Gazette” of June 29, 1774. James Humphreys, Jr., announces the publication of “The Search after Happiness, a Pastoral Drama, by Miss More, (Embellished with an elegant Copperplate Frontispiece, engraved by James Poupard, of this City). This print has not been seen by the writer; and Mr. Hildeburn, in his “Issues of the Press of Pennsy]- vania,” notes this work of Hannah More, but he makes no mention of the frontispiece. But in 1775 Poupard engraved the portrait of Dr. Goldsmith for the “Pennsylvania Magazine”; in 1788— 214 ELD eos ——s ——— ‘Hille Ares Wragg, 3 Sse Ea Z um | Wy, LA) hiijt ¥ $ ¥ ; 4 ‘ t 4 rd . j } i » BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 89 he was engraving diagrams, etc., for the “Trans- actions of the American Philosophical Society”; and as a “seal and die engraver” his name appears continuously in the Philadelphia directories for 1793-1807, inclusive. Poupard then removed to New York, and was en- graving on wood for New York publishers in 1814. A fairly well-executed portrait of John Wesley may be ascribed to this latter period. Westcott, in his “History of Philadelphia,” says that Poupard was at one time an actor, and came to Phila- delphia from the Island of Martinique. He further says that he married in this country a woman of strong reli- gious principles, “inclined to the Methodist connection.” Poupard, as a consequence, conducted himself with a fitting gravity in his own home; but he is accused of lead- ing a somewhat riotous life when away from home and in congenial company. PRICE, GEORGE Born in England in 1826. This landscape engraver was a pupil of the Findens, in London. Price came to the United States in 1853, did considerable work here, and returned to England in 1864. PRUD’HOMME, JOHN FRANCIS EUGENE Born in the Island of St. Thomas, West Indies, Oct. 4, 1800; living in Georgetown, D. C., in 1888. His parents came to the United States in 1807 and settled in New York in 1809. About 1814 Prud’>homme was ap- prenticed to his brother-in-law Thomas Gimbrede to learn engraving, and was engraving over his own name 215 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS in New York in 1821. He became a reputable engraver of portraits in stipple, though his best work is represented by his small plates executed for the Annuals, about 1839. Among these “The Velvet Hat” and “Friar Puck” are to be especially admired. In 1852 Prud’homme became interested in bank-note work, and from 1869 to 1885 he was employed by the Treasury Department.at W ashing- ton, D. C. Prud’homme was made an Academician of the National Academy of Design in 1846, and in 1834-53 he was the curator of the Academy. | PUNDERSON,L.S. This excellent engraver of portraits in stipple was working in New York in 1850—55. PURSELL, HENRY In the “New York Mercury,” May 29, 1775, Henry Pursell advertises that he has removed “from Broadway to Dock Street, near the Old Coffee House, where he carries on the engraving Business in its different branches, viz., Copperplates of all kinds, Arms, crests, cyphers, etc., on plate. Ditto on watches. Ditto on seals of any metals. Types, Free Mason Medals. Gun fur- niture, Harness ditto, Cyphers, etc., on whips. Mourn- ing rings. Door plates, Dog Collars, ete.” This advertisement well exhibits the varied character of the engraver’s work of that period. Pursell also prob- — ably engraved in wood; as the English coat of arms in- cluded in the head-line of Rivington’s “Royal Gazette,” New York, 1780, is signed H. P. In May, 1785, the Comptroller-General of Pennsylvania approved the bill 216 | ! BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES of “Henry D. Pursell” for engraving borders for the “New Emission Money” of that State. This is very probably the Pursell mentioned above. _ Another and perhaps a later Pursell engraved in line a view of “Washington College in the State of Mary- land.” ‘This print is signed Pursell sculpt. This is a fairly well-executed line-engraving (7.1% 11.10 ins.) and is an old plate; but it can not be positively stated’ that it is the work of the Henry Pursell of 1775. QUARRE, F. _ F. Quarré was a lamp-shade manufacturer located in _ Philadelphia in 1850, and possibly earlier. The only en- graved work of this man seen by the compiler is an oval of a very good imitation of lace, printed in white on a brown ground. In the center of this oval is an embossed view of New York, seemingly taken from Hoboken. Below this view is the word “New York” in white on the brown ground. ‘This view was used as a magazine illus- tration. RADCLIFFE, C. — Was a stipple-engraver of portraits and vignettes lo- cated in Philadelphia as early as 1805. RALPH, W. Ralph was a line-engraver of views, etc., of little merit. He was working in Philadelphia in 1794-1808, and engraved at least one plate for the “New York Magazine.” | | 217 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS RAWDON, FREEMAN Born in Tolland, Conn., in 1804; was living in New York in 1860. Freeman Rawdon was a pupil of his brother Ralph Rawdon, an engraver, then of Albany, N. Y. In 1828 he was the Rawdon of the New York en- graving firm of Rawdon, Wright & Co., and Rawdon, Wright & Hatch, and other combinations of a later date. These firms conducted an extensive business in general and bank-note engraving, and employed many engray- ers. Freeman Rawdon signed very little work. RAWDON, RALPH In 1813 Ralph Rawdon was engraving in a very crude manner in Cheshire, Conn.; he was associated in this work with Thomas Kensett, the father of the Ameri- can artist. About 1816 Rawdon removed to Albany, N. Y., where he engraved stipple portraits over his own name, and with his brother and with A. Willard he was in the bank-note and general engraving business in that city. REASON, PHILIP H. This very clever engraver of portraits in stipple was a negro, educated and apprenticed to an engraver by cer- tain members of the antislavery party in New York City. He engraved a few good portraits; but the race prejudice was too strong for him and he was compelled to abandon engraving for other employment early in the fifties. REED, ABNER Born at East Windsor, (ban! in 1771; died in 1866; and was apparently engraving in Lansingburg from 218 | BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 1794 to 1797, and was in New York as early as 1797. In 1803—08 he was working in Hartford, Conn., and was probably a member of the Graphic Company, of that place. Abner Reed was a stipple-engraver of portraits, and is referred to as the preceptor of the engravers Wil- lard, Pelton, Daggett, Barber, and John Cheney. The firm of Reed & Scoles also produced portraits in stipple; and a few line views of scenes in the*War of 1812, signed Reed, Sc. may be ascribed to him. Abner Reed was one of the earliest bank-note engrav- ers in this country. He engraved in 1792 the first notes of the Hartford Bank, the second oldest bank in New England, and he produced a very considerable quantity of excellent work of this class. REICH, JOHN In 1806 John Reich was a die-sinker of considerable merit; and he was frequently employed by Robert Scot, engraver of the U. S. Mint in Philadelphia, to prepare the dies for National coin. He engraved the dies for sev- eral fine medals, including Washington, after Stuart; Franklin, from the Houdon bust; a Peace medal of 1783, and a tripoli medal presented to Com. Edward Preble in 1806. The Washington medal, after Stuart’s head, is advertised as issued in Philadelphia, Oct. 9, 1806, “in commemoration of the retirement of Washing- ton.” The medal is described in ‘““Poulson’s Advertiser” as being struck in silver and bearing the following in- scriptions: “Face, A Head of Washington as President. Inscription—G. Washington. Pre. Unit. Sts. Reverse. The ensigns of authority (civil and military) deposited, 219 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS in laurels, upon the tablet of the United States. Inscrip- tion. Commis. Resigned: Presidency Relinquished. 1797.” 'The announcement is further made that the dies were executed by “the celebrated Artist John Reich; the likeness from a drawing of Stuart sketched on purpose.” Dunlap says that in consequence of ill health, Reich abandoned work and “went West.” John Reich was one of the founders of the Society of Artists, organized in Philadelphia in 1810, and is entered on the list of Fellows of the Society as “die-sinker at the United States Mint.” REICHE, F. This German engraver was executing crude line work in Philadelphia in 1795. He was engraving portraits on wood in 1800. REVERE, PAUL Born in Boston, Mass., Jan. 1, 1735; died there May 10, 1818. The father of Paul Revere came from the Island of Guernsey and established himself in Boston as a goldsmith. In this business the son was trained and there learned to engrave upon silver-plate. _ Aside from some possible book-plates, his prominent engraved plates may be noted as follows: A portrait of Jonathan Mahew; The Repeal of the Stamp Act (1766) ; the caricature of the seventeen Rescinders and the Land- ing of the British Troops (1768) ; and his famous Bos- ton Massacre, of 1770. For the “Royal American Mag- azine” of 1774—75, Revere engraved a number of plates. 220 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES His work is exceedingly crude in execution and is only valuable for its historical interest. The career of Paul Revere as a patriot is too well known to be mentioned here. REYNOLDS, THOMAS In the “New York Daily Advertiser,” Jan. 2, 1786, Thomas Reynolds advertises that he has established a “seal manufactory” in Philadelphia: where he engraves on stone arms, crests and cyphers; searches out family arms, descents, etc.; and he likewise cuts on brass all sorts of state and public seals. RICH, E. A. This portrait engraver in mezzotint was working for Baltimore engravers about 1845. RICK, JAMES R. Born in Syracuse, N. Y., in 1824; and studied engrav- ing under his brother W. W. Rice, of Rawdon, Wright, Hatch & Co., of New York. He removed to Philadel- phia in 1851, and as late as 1876 he was engraving por- traits there in connection with J. Earle. RICH, W. W. As mentioned above this very good line-engraver of portraits and subject plates was a member of the firm of Rawdon, Wright, Hatch & Co., of New York, in 1846; and he was engraving over his own name as late as 1860. 221 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS RICHARDSON, S. This man was a book-plate engraver apparently work- ing about 1795, but with no indication of locality. The one known example represents a woman with left hand on an anchor, with ships in the distance. In the base is a blank tablet surmounted by an urn. On the tablet is written in ink “I. H. Swale, 1795.” The plate is signed S. Richardson Sculpsit. RIDGWAY, W. This excellent engraver of historical subjects in line was working in New York in 1854 in connection with Wm. Wellstood, and was engraving for New York pub- lishers at a much later date. 3 RILEY, —— This name, as “Riley, Engraver,” is signed to poorly engraved music and words published by J. & M. Paff, Nos. 2 and 8, City Hotel, Broadway, New York. The seeming date is about 1800. RITCHIE, ALEXANDER HAY Born in Glasgow, Scotland, Jan. 14, 1822; was living in Brooklyn, N. Y., in 1888. Ritchie studied drawing in Edinburgh under Sir Wm. Allan, and he came to New York in 1841.. He apparently learned to engrave after he reached this country ; but he ultimately established an extensive general engraving business in New York; his earlier prints being issued about 1847. Ritchie himself was a very clever engraver of portraits in mezzotint, and it is claimed that he finished every plate that went out of 222 STEPHEN GIRARD _ ENGRAVED BY WILLIAM CHARLES Osir 18200 ot | (oe | ra) | | 7 ee] = i, iy ® y — = ase eS Hy Wi My ‘ SSS " Gi i Yy WA RRR ROR oy , KAYAY ~ Sie a5, Vii BSI 77/ S707 ———— SS ue SS ~ N SS = > = SSSA SS = eS a RS ee = SS - a Yi SEIS PROP UE IN Y SEM NHN WU ~~ SS SS SS SS SS Y, iY / = My CATHAL Ss X. “Ws S N Ee SS —= —700/ wogon ua) ao/ | O90 7D ota TY Yyons phox9 80% Ub uayny S770 pong ubioee) oy Bey’ py — auo yo Un 99 PR i | Tyg 40 gyms ashen aayy bine! 0 gutor 42qge0 qemu spas ohy|| —ganoadle wr evga hin fo javdl fo quowbned sep, poms wq) OTH || gay p sy — yunys anpy koiy 9m gq prow yey he en olay op AIOY SA PODN | ane TIO qd D pin no Ar — umuatel quay aol py yo sepa TITVdSVas) hu Ul WY £ YS Np Pjos is guts buny D yms UIs you nuny fHYUMp fy NAHI GLY | | Fi MTOR D ag ZIM hyurape90 Ie Tu x020999 FOU Op saha frat hain | BSN Se eae ae t - Ne BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES his establishment. He painted in oils; began exhibiting at the Academy in 1848, and was an Associate in 1863 and an Academician of the National Academy of De- sign in 1871. ROBERTS, Some rather poor line book illustrations published in New York in 1841 are thus signed. ROBERTS, JOHN Born in Scotland in 1768; died in New York in 1803; came to New York in 1793, says Wm. Dunlap. Roberts was engraving views, script, etc., in New York in 1796; and his name as an engraver appears in the directories of 1802-03. Dunlap describes him as a sort of universal genius; ready to do anything, but erratic and incapable of turning his advantages to personal account. A small mezzotint portrait of Washington exists, which is ex- tremely rich in effect and shows fine execution. Dunlap says this was engraved by Roberts in New York, in 1799, from a miniature portrait by Benjamin Trott; but owing to some misunderstanding between the painter and the engraver Roberts deliberately destroyed the copperplate and a few proof impressions alone remain. | Roberts is said to have made his own engraving tools, to have invented a new method of stippling, and to have made his own plate-press. He painted miniatures, drew portraits in crayon, and was a musician of no mean skill; but he abused his gifts and intemperance ended his life. 223 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS ROBERTSON, A large and well-engraved frontispiece, apparently intended for an edition of Cook’s “Voyages,” of about 1815, is signed Robertson sc. While this plate bears some indication of American origin, it may be English. ROBERTSON, W. This man was a script engraver employed in New York in 1881. ROBIN, AUGUSTUS Born in New York of French parentage. This good engraver of portraits and subject plates was in the em- ploy of J. C. Buttre, of New York, for nearly forty years. ROBINSON, —— This name, as engraver, is signed to a number of small, wonderfully designed, and poorly engraved plates illustrating an edition of Weems’ “Life of Washington,” published in 1815 by Matthew Carey, of Philadelphia. ROBINSON, W. | About 1825-30 this W. Robinson etched in a fairly good style a Masonic certificate published by R. Desil- ver, of Philadelphia. This may be the “Robinson” noted above. ROCHE,—— : Several of the plates of the American edition of May- nard’s “Josephus,” published in New York in 1791, are signed Roche sc. No other plates are known. 224 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES ROGERS, JOHN Born in England about 1808; died in New York about 1888, says Mr. Samuel Hollyer. Rogers came to New York in 1850-51, and he engraved for the book publishers a large number of portraits and some subject plates. He generally worked in line and was a very good engraver. ROLLINSON, CHARLES C. Rollinson was an engraver and copperplate printer in New York in 1808-32, dying in the latter year. He was probably a son, or other near relative, of William Rollinson, as his address for a considerable time was No. 28 John St., the same as that of William Rollinson. The only plates found by the compiler, and signed by C. Rollinson as engraver, represent architectural subjects, diagrams, etc. ROLLINSON, WILLIAM Born in Dudley, Staffordshire, England, April 15, 1762; died in New York, Sept. 27, 1842. Rollinson was probably a silversmith and learned to engrave upon plate. He came to the United States prior to 1789, as he is credited with having ornamented the silver buttons on the coat worn by Washington at his inauguration as President. His earliest work upon copperplate appears in the American edition of Brown’s family Bible, published in New York in 1792. This work is crude, though his small profile of Washington—executed in 1791, according to Wm. Dunlap—is a much better piece of work. Rollinson 225 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS rapidly progressed in the art of engraving, and about 1796 he changed his style to stipple and furnished some very good portrait plates for the “Analectic” and other magazines. His large plate of Alexander Hamilton is said to have been commenced in 1800 and published by Rollinson, and the painter, Archibald Robertson, in 1805. Rollinson became interested in bank-note engraving at an early date and invented a machine for ruling waved lines on the margins of bank-notes. On March 18, 1811, Rollinson issued a signed circular letter submitting a specimen of work, of his “own invention,” which com- bined all the requisites for the prevention of counterfeit- ing. According to his letter these requisites were “a de- sign simple in appearance and obvious at a glance, yet impossible to be imitated in the common mode of en-— graving.” He says that to make these notes still more perfect he had engaged the services of Mr. William 8S. Leney to engrave the vignettes; Mr. Leney being “al- lowed to be the first artist in America, and is a gentle- man of very respectable rank in life.” 'This connection with Leney was not a partnership; Leney furnishing the vignettes only and charging separately for the copper- plate and the engraving. As an engraver the name of William Rollinson ap- pears in the New York directories from 1791 to 1842; and at the age of seventy he was still engraving vignettes, etc. Dunlap says that F. S. Agate painted a portrait of Rol- linson when that engraver was seventy-four years of age; “it is an excellent likeness, which might indicate a man of fifty.” An original silhouette of Rollinson, pre- 226 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES sented by him to his friend ““Weaver’’ in 1809, is in the possession of the writer. William Rollinson and his wife Mary were buried in the old St. John’s Churchyard, now Hudson Park, New York City, though the tombstones have been lately re- moved. ROLPH, J. A. This reputable landscape engraver was working in New York in 1834—46, and probably later. ROMANS, BERNARD Born in Holland about 1720; died at sea in 1784. Romans was educated in England, and about 1755 he came to the American Colonies as a surveyor and en- gineer. He was employed for a time as a botanist and explorer in Florida, and in 1775 he published a work upon that Colony; and for this service he received a pen- sion of £50 per year. At the outbreak of the Revolution he entered the ser- vice of the American Colonies and was present at Lex- ington and Bunker Hill; according to the statement made in connection with his published proposals for is- suing his view of the Battle of Bunker Hill and his map of Boston. Romans later was employed by the New York Committee of Safety, and he made the plans for and actually commenced the construction of one of the forts at West Point. But failing to receive from Con- gress the commission and pay of a colonel, as demanded by him, he abandoned this work. On Feb. 8, 1776, he was 227 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS commissioned as the captain of an independent Penn- sylvania artillery company, and with this command he took part in the invasion of Canada. The official records say that he resigned on June 1, 1778; the published biog- raphies state that he was captured in 1779, was taken to England, and there resumed the practice of his profes- sion. In 1784 he set sail from England for the United States; but he disappeared at that time, and is supposed to have been murdered at sea for a considerable sum of money which he was bringing to this country. Bernard Romans is referred to in the “New York Mercury” of 1775 as “the most skillful Draughtsman in. all America”; though his view of the Battle of Bunker Hill is anything but artistic in its composition. He en- graved this view on a large scale, and this plate and Romans’ “Map of the Seat of War” were published by Nicholas Brooks, of Philadelphia, in September and October, 1775. “An Exact View of the Late Battle of Charlestown, June 17th, 1775” —to give the plate its full title— was reéngraved by Robert Aitken on a small scale and published in the “Pennsylvania Magazine” for 1775. Aitken also engraved for the same magazine Romans’ plate of the “Seat of War.” Romans’ “Concise Natural History of East and West Florida” was published in New York in 1775. ‘This work is illustrated by ten cop- perplates engraved by the author, though several of these are not signed by him. ‘The engraved work on all of the plates mentioned is crude in its execution. The “Battle of Charlestown” was reéngraved in Lon- don and published there in June, 1776. While this English plate is signed B. Romans Fecit, it is so much 228 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES better done than the American original that it was prob- ably engraved by some one else. ROSENTHAL, ALBERT Born in Philadelphia, Jan. 30, 1868; son of Max Rosenthal. Mr. Albert Rosenthal studied lithography under his father and was at the same time a pupil at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts. In 1884 he com- menced to etch and for some years he was largely en- gaged in portrait work, confining himself chiefly to the reproduction of the portraits of American historical char- acters. In 1889-92 he studied in Paris at the Ecole des Beaux Arts, under Gerome; and upon his return to the United States in the latter year he became a portrait- painter, with his studio in Philadelphia. As a painter Mr. Rosenthal has been almost constantly engaged upon the portraits of men prominent in public life—many of these being Pennsylvanians—and in de- veloping the series of Revolutionary portraits in In- dependence Hall, in Philadelphia. In the intervals of his other work he still continues the etching of portraits. ROSENTHAL, MAX Born in Turck, Russian Poland, Nov. 23, 1838; living in Philadelphia in 1906. Mr. Rosenthal studied drawing and painting in Paris; he came to Philadelphia in 1849 and there continued his studies at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts. Having been a pupil of the famous Thurwanger in Paris and in Philadelphia, in connection with his brother, Mr. Rosenthal established himself in the lithographic business in the latter city, and 229 “AMERICAN ENGRAVERS he made notable progress in developing the then new art of chromo-lithography in this country. Upon retiring from the lithographing business, about 1884, Mr. Rosenthal turned his attention to etching, and in connection with his son, Albert Rosenthal, he issued a series of portraits of men prominent in American history. In 1890 he took up the work of engraving in mezzotint; and as he was already a reputable painter of portraits and historical subjects, his artistic training led him to engrave mezzotint portraits of exceptional merit. In connection with his son, he has produced in various ways and published about 800 portraits of famous Americans. His latest and most notable work, done in 1903, is a copy of the Stuart portrait of Washington, owned by Mr. Marsden J. Perry, of Providence, R. I. ROST, CHRISTIAN Born in Germany and studied in Paris and in Lon- don; and in the latter city he made the drawings and en- graved on wood for a work describing the exhibits at the London World’s Fair of 1850. It is not known when Mr. Rost came to the United States, but he was engray- ing very good portrait and subject plates in line in New York in 1860. In 1865 he was in the employ of George i. Perrine; and at a later date he was employed by the American Bank Note Co. He died some years ago at Mount Vernon, N. Y. | ROTHWELL, J. This man was engraving book illustrations, in a crude line manner, in New York in 1841. 230 REV. JOHANN FRIED oE | ENGRAVED BY JOHN ECKSTE! “WORKING IN THE UN 7 1806-1822 ah P =. } Pa ia ” aarlyh 4 » I ~ 4 ‘ p / eee * ‘ a : iin F : % ‘ ¥ ? yo ' n * ns ? \ il { * * ' ‘ ‘ noe ‘ La 4 j 4 - — sears qhreds F ROA. Rae Bi, CA Ror FrierichiScimidt SL pes t Deutschen Lutherifehen Gemeine i Vrhuladelphia; geGadh oe Januar 1746 iDeutfchland,; starb derp1 Nay 1812. ¢ BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES RUGGLES, E., JR. 7 Was a book-plate engraver, apparently working be- tween 1790 and 1800, somewhere in New England. The only plate seen is that of Walter Lyon; a label with peculiarly conventionalized peacock feathers used as a border. ST. MEMIN, CHARLES BALTHAZAR JULIEN FEVRET DE Born in Dijon, France, March 12, 1770; died there June 23, 1852. St. Memin—after serving as a cadet at a military school—on April 27, 1788, entered the French army as anensign. At the outbreak of the French Revo- lution he went to Switzerland; then to Canada in 1793, and soon after came to New York. As a means of supporting himself in this country he introduced here the engraving of portraits by means of the “physionotrace,” a machine invented by Edmé Que- neday, of Paris, and intended to exactly reproduce on a reduced scale the human profile. St. Memin made some improvements upon this device, and with it he made on a tinted paper a profile a little less than life size; this he finished by hand and with crayons directly from the sitter. With this finished crayon drawing as a guide he used a pantograph of special design to still further re- duce the profile, so that it would go inside a circle of about two inches diameter, faintly scratching the reduced drawing directly on the copperplate. This copper was now etched and finished in aquatint, with some assist- ance with the roulette. The result was a soft, pleasing print. For the original crayon—which was ready for 231 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS framing—for the plate, and twelve impressions from the plate, St. Memin charged $33. These small portraits became very popular, and St. Memin, traveling from North to South over the country, produced about 800 of these small plates. He kept for himself two sets of proof impressions; after his death these sets were purchased from his executors and are now in the United States; one in the Corcoran Gallery in Washington, D. C.; the other was lately in the hands of a Philadelphia collector. St. Memin returned to France in 1810, but came back to the United States two years later and remained here until 1814. He then settled permanently in France, and from 1817 until his death he was the director of the mu- seum in his native city of Dijon. | Other than these portraits, St. Memin etched two large views of the city of New York, a map of the siege of Savannah, published in the “Monthly Military Reposi- tory,” C. Smith, New York, 1796, and a beautiful etched business-card of Peter Mourgeon, “Copperplate printer from Paris,” of New York. SACHEVERELL, JOHN The “Pennsylvania Gazette,’ Philadelphia, March 15-22, 1732-33, contains an advertisement for the sale of a quantity of “white metal,” or pewter, tea-pots, tea- spoons, etc. These are “of the newest Fashion, and so very neat, as not easily to be distinguished from Silver.” The importer, John Sacheverell, adds to his notice that he “performs all Sorts of Engraving or Carving in Gold, 232 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES Silver, Brass, Copper or Steel, after the newest and neatest manner.” SADD, H. S. Born in England, and was engraving good portraits in mezzotint in New York in 1840. He produced quite a number of plates here; but Mr. Alfred Jones says that he went to Australia after a comparatively short stay in the United States. SANFORD, ISAAC As early as 1783 Isaac Sanford engraved a music- book entitled “Select Harmony. Containing the Neces- sary Rules of Psalmody, together with a Collection of Approved Psalm Tunes, Hymns and Anthems. By _ Oliver Brownson.” Mr. James Terry, in referring to this book, in his “Ex Libris Leaflet, No. 4,” describes the title as contained in a circle of music, and the whole with- in an engraving of an elaborate church interior covering the entire page. The plate is signed I. Sanford, sculp. 1783. On his business-card Sanford advertised himself as “Miniature Painter and Engraver,” and he was engrav- ing and publishing fairly well-executed stipple portraits and book illustrations in Hartford, Conn., as late as 1822. SARTAIN, EMILY Born in Philadelphia, March 17, 1841, Emily, the daughter of John Sartain, learned to engrave under the tuition of her father; and she studied art under Scheus- 233 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS sele, in Philadelphia, and Luminais, in Paris, in 1871—75. She engraved and signed a few mezzotint portraits. In 1881—83, Emily Sartain was the art editor of “Our Con- tinent”; and in 1886 she became the principal of the Philadelphia School of Design for Women. Miss Sar- tain is also a painter of portraits and genre subjects, and exhibited at the Paris Salon in 1875 and 1883. SARTAIN, HENRY | Born July 14, 1833, in Philadelphia, second son of John Sartain; died there about 1895. Henry Sartain did very little work as an engraver, about ten plates bear- ing his name. One of his large plates, “The Capitol at Washington,” was engraved about 1857, but in this work he was largely assisted by his father, and the same is true of his “St. Peter Delivered from Prison.” ‘Aside from these he made a few book prints and portraits. In 1866 Henry Sartain abandoned engraving alto- gether, and became first part owner and then sole owner of the Philadelphia establishment for printing from the plates engraved by his father and others. His wife, Marra 'Topry SARTAIN, to some small ex- tent assisted John Sartain in his work; and she engraved one plate—a portrait of her husband. SARTAIN, JOHN Born in London, England, Oct. 24, 1808; died in Philadelphia, Oct. 25, 1897. In his “Reminiscences,” recently published, Mr. Sartain says that in February, 1823, he was apprenticed to John Swain, a London en- 234 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES graver. The first plates of any consequence engraved by Sartain were line illustrations for “The Early Floren- tine School,” by Wm. Young Ottley, London, 1826. In 1827-28, Sartain was apprenticed to Henry Richter, of London, and while in Richter’s employ he engraved his first mezzotint plate, entitled “Omphale.” His success with this plate induced him to engrave “The Tight Shoe”; this plate he brought to the United States and sold, in 1880, to Mr. Littell, the Philadelphia publisher. At the termination of his apprenticeship Sartain com- menced business for himself in London, and there en- graved a portrait of Sir Charles Wilkins and some small Annual plates for the Ackermans. Hearing that there were opportunities for a mezzotint engraver in the United States, Sartain, on July 4, 1830, left London, with his wife, and “‘in a little over eight weeks” he landed in Philadelphia. Soon after his arrival here, and for the purpose of proving his ability as an en- graver, he made a mezzotint plate after “Old Age,” a painting by John Neagle. This was his first mezzotint executed in the United States; and his first line plate done here was “Deer in a Landscape,” after a painting by Thomas Doughty. Mr. Sartain soon had an abundance of work; and in 1843 he became the proprietor of “Camp- bell’s Foreign Semi-Monthly Magazine,” and was also interested in the “Eclectic Museum.” From 1841 to 1848 Mr. Sartain had been engraving for “Graham’s Mag- azine,” and upon the collapse of that journal in the latter year he became half-owner of “Sartain’s Union Mag- azine,” the first number of which appeared in Jan- uary, 1849; this journal was discontinued in 1852. For 235 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS all of these magazines Mr. Sartain was the art man- ager and engraver, others doing the literary work. During this time Mr. Sartain also painted a few good portraits. : 3 After 1852 Mr. Sartain devoted himself to general engraving, and his total output of engraved plates num- bers about 1500. His large portrait plates are very gen- erally admirable examples of mezzotint work. | SARTAIN, SAMUEL - Born in Philadelphia, Oct. 8, 1830; died Dec. 19, 1906. Samuel Sartain studied engraving under his father, John Sartain, and became an admirable en- graver of mezzotint portraits. About 1851 he com- menced business on his own account in Philadelphia, and did much work for the publishers of that period. ‘He was still actively engaged in engraving in 1905. SARTAIN, WILLIAM Born in Philadelphia, Nov. 21, 1848; living in New York in 1906. William Sartain, the son of John Sartain, studied mezzotint engraving with his father and issued and signed a few portrait plates. He then studied art in Paris, under Bonnat and at the Ecole des Beaux Arts, and became a reputable painter of landscape. Mr. Sartain was one of the founders of the Society of American Artists; is an Associate of the National Acad- — emy of Design; was president of the New York Art Club, and was lately a teacher in the life class of the Art Students’ League of New York. 236 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES SAULNIER, H. E. Saulnier was a script and letter engraver working in Philadelphia in 1880-40. He engraved one of the early certificates of membership of the Franklin Institute, of that city. SAVAGE, EDWARD Born in Princeton, Mass., Nov. 26, 1761; died there July 6, 1817. Savage was originally a goldsmith; but as early as 1789 he turned his attention to portrait-painting. He went to London and probably there learned to en- grave in stipple and in mezzotint; as his engraved por- trait of Gen. Knox was published in that city in 1791, and his Washington prints were issued in the same city in 1792-93. His engraved work is good and highly prized. Savage returned to the United States about 1794, as on Oct. 18, 1794, he was married in Boston to Sarah — Seaver. Soon after this date he settled in Philadelphia where his brother John Savage had established himself as a merchant. In 1795 he exhibited the first panorama ever seen in that city, and he apparently remained in Philadelphia, publishing prints at intervals, until 1801: his name disappears from the directory in that year. He then seemingly went to New York, and from there to Boston and to Princeton. While little is known of the later life of Edward Sav- age, the most complete sketch of his life is contained in a paper presented to the Massachusetts Historical So- ciety on Jan. 12, 1905, by Mr. Charles Henry Hart. Mr. Hart denies the story, started by William Dunlap, that 237 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS David Edwin and others largely assisted Savage in his work as an engraver. SAVORY, —— This name is appended as engraver to a somewhat crudely executed line-engraving of “Trinity Church, Pittsburgh. Founded 4.p. 1824.” ‘The plate is signed Savory Sc. Pitt. There is no date, but appearances would indicate that the work was done about 1830-40. SAX TON, JOSEPH Born in Huntington, Pa., March 22, 1790; died in Washington, D. C., Oct. 26, 1873. Saxton was not an engraver, though he devised a medal-ruling machine, among his other many inventions. While he was the constructor and curator of the standard weighing ap- paratus in the U. S. Mint, in Philadelphia, in 1842, he - produced two beautifully executed portraits by means of this machine. These are portraits of Franklin Peale and Dr. R. M. Patterson; they are inscribed “Modelled by J. G. Chapman; Electrotyped by Franklin Peale; En- graved with the Medal-ruling machine by Jos. Saxton, Mint of the United States, 1842.” They are admirable pieces of work of this type. Previous to this date, medal-ruling had been done di- rectly from the original medal, with the disadvantage of copying all its dents, scratches, or other imperfections; or there was the possibility of injuring a valuable medal by scratching it with the tracer. Then a shellac cast of the original was copied by the machine; but this device failed owing to the shellac model being liable to puncture 238 3 . Ra ~ HON. JAMES BOWDO ; BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES by the tracing-point, thus producing false lines upon the plate being engraved. To avoid these difficulties, in- herent in the older methods, Saxton made an electrotype copy of the original and used that as a model in the ma- chine. As this model was copper, it could not be punc- tured, and any imperfections in the original could be corrected in the model; it provided a smooth, hard and true surface for the tracing-point, and produced a per- fect copy. SCACKTI, FRANCISCO This name is signed to a large but very crudely drawn and etched view of the “Battle of New Orleans.” It is seemingly contemporaneous with the battle in date: and the only impression seen has the second state of the plate printed on the back of the first impression. It is difficult to determine, however, whether Scacki is the engraver or the publisher of the plate, or both. The form of the signature is as follows: Francisco Scacki—Copy Right Secured. SCHLECHT, CHARLES | Born in Stuttgart, Germany, in 1843; living in New York in 1905. Charles Schlecht was brought to the United States by his parents in 1852, and was appren- ticed to the American Bank Note Company in 1859; and he also received instructions in his profession from Charles Burt and Alfred Jones. Mr. Schlecht has made bank-note engraving his prin- cipal occupation, working in New York City and at the Bureau of Engraving and Printing in Washington, 239 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS D.C. But he has also produced some admirable portrait and subject plates for the publishers. Two of his large plates, executed in pure line, are especially worthy of note. These are “Eyes to the Blind,” after a painting by A. F. Bellows, and “The Wish,” after a painting by Percy Moran. These plates are 18 x 24 ins., and 16 x 27 ins., respectively. SCHOFYF, P. R. An excellent portrait in pure line, that of. Robert Baird, after a painting by G. P. R. Healy, is thus signed. No other work has been found signed by this man; and it is possible that the signature is a letter engraver’s error for the above. SCHOFF, STEPHEN ALONZO Born in Danville, Vt., Jan. 16, 1818; died at Brandon, Vt., in 1905. When Mr. Schoff was about eight years of age his parents removed—first to Bradford, on the Mer- rimac, and later to Newburyport, Mass., selecting the latter place for its superior schools. Stephen Alonzo Schoff was one of a family of six children, and when he was sixteen years old he was sent to Boston and there in-- dentured for five years to Oliver Pelton, an engraver of that city. Dissatisfied with the progress he was making, at the end of about three years, and with the consent of Mr. Pelton, Mr. Schoff became a pupil of Joseph An- drews; and to this admirable line-engraver, says Mr. Schoff in a personal letter, “I owe more than can ever be repaid.” With Mr. Andrews he went to Paris in 1840, and both young men there worked for a time in the studio of Paul 240 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES Delaroche, drawing from the nude. Mr. Schoff returned to the United States in 1842, and was at once employed by a bank-note engraving company in New York. About this time, “with the kind aid of Mr. A. B. Durand,” he commenced his folio plate of “Caius Marius on the Ruins of Carthage,” after the painting by J. Vander- lyn; this Mr. Schoff considered his best plate. Mr. Schoff engraved a large number of portraits for various publications; but among his large plates may be men- tioned the following: “The Bathers,” after the painting by Wm. Hunt; the portrait of R. W. Emerson, after S. W. Rowe; his portrait of William Penn, in armor, en- graved for the Pennsylvania Historical Society; a ma- rine piece, after De Haas; and an etching for the Phila- delphia Art Club, from a painting by Mr. Tarbell, of Boston. All of these are admirable examples of engrav- ing, chiefly in line. The larger part, however, of the long professional life of Mr. Schoff was devoted'to bank- note engraving. SCHOFIELD, LOUIS SARTAIN Born Aug. 4, 1868; living in 1905; a grandson of John Sartain. He is an expert line-engraver and a de- signer of great ability, and for some years has been in the employ of the Bureau of Engraving and sayahweak at Washington, D. C. SCHOYER, RAPHAEL Schoyer was a copperplate printer in Baltimore, Md., in 1824; and in 1826 he was engraving some indifferently executed portraits in New York. 241 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS SCHWARTZ, C. In 1814 this stipple-engraver of portraits was working in Baltimore, Md. His signed work is rare, but his large plate of Bishop James Kemp, published in Baltimore, is a capital piece of work. SCOLES, JOHN This engraver of portraits and subject plates was lo- cated continuously in New York from 17938 until 1844. He probably died in the latter year, as his address then changes to “John Scoles, late engraver.” Scoles worked in both line and stipple, but with indifferent success. He engraved many of the views appearing in the “New York Magazine” in 1793-96. At times Scoles united bookselling with engraving, according to the directories. SCOT, ROBERT Born in England and was originally a watchmaker. He appears in Philadelphia about 1783, and in that year he engraved a frontispiece for a Masonicsermon preached by Wm. Smith, D.D., and published by Hall & Sellers. He advertised himself as “Late Engraver to the State of Virginia,” and in 1785 he was paid £16 for engraving done for the State of Pennsylvania. Scot engraved a few fairly well-executed line portraits, including one of Washington, over his own name; but as a member of the firm of Scot & Allerdice he did a large amount of work for Dobson’s edition of Rees’ Encyclopedia, Philadel- phia, 1794-1803. On Nov. 23, 1798, Robert Scot was appointed engraver to the newly established U. S. Mint in Philadelphia, and he is credited with having made the 242 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES dies for the copper cent of 1793. “Poulson’s Advertiser,” Philadelphia, April 28, 1806, announces the death of the wife of “Robert Scot, Engraver to the Mint,” indicating that he was holding that office as late as 1806. A: portrait engraver of Edinburgh, Robert Scott by name, is often confused with the Robert Scot of Phila- delphia. SCOTT, JOSEPH T. Scott was a very good map engraver working in Phila- delphia as early as 1795. He published an atlas of the United States, printed in Philadelphia in 1796 by Fran- cis and Robert Bailey. Scott drew and engraved the maps. SEALEY, ALFRED Born in the United States; is said to have died in Canada about 1862. Sealey was an admirable line-en- graver and devoted himself to bank-note work in his later life. In 1856 he was apparently working in Philadel- phia, but some of his signed work is dated as early as 1845. In 1860 some very good line illustrations to Cooper’s novels are signed Sealey & Smith Sculpt. This work was done in New York and may be ascribed to Alfred Sealey. SERZ, J. Bern in Saxony; died in Philadelphia about 1878, as the result of a fall. Serz came to Philadelphia about 1850; he engraved several large historical plates and 243 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS furnished a number of subjects to “Sartain’s Mag- azine” and other publications of that city. SEYMOUR, JOSEPH H. Joseph H. Seymour was in the employ of Isaiah Thomas, at Worcester, Mass., as early as 1791. The Bible published by Thomas in that year contains thirty- two plates by Seymour, variously signed J. H., Jos. and J. Seymour; and in the printer’s advertisement Thomas writes: “These plates were engraved in his Office (Thomas’s) in this town in 1791 . . . and the Editor doubts not but a proper allowance will be made for work engraved by an Artist who obtained his knowledge in this country, compared with that done by European Engravers who have settled in the United States.” Sey- mour was thus evidently trained to his art in the United States and must have been really at work in Worcester previous to 1791. He engraved plates for various pub- lications of Isaiah Thomas until at least 1795; and we then find his engravings illustrating Hayley’s “Triumph of Temper,” “Printed by John Mycall for Joseph H. Seymour, Engraver, in Boston.” From 1808 until 1822 the directories of Philadelphia locate him in that city, where he did much work for the encyclopedia published by S. F. Bradford. His one ambitious portrait plate, that of Governor John Hancock, was published in Jan- uary, 1794, at the office of the “Worcester Gazette,” and _ sold for “7s. 6d. each copy.” SEYMOUR, SAMUEL S. Seymour was an engraver of portraits, etc., located in Philadelphia in 1797-1822. In 1823, as a draftsman, 244 ! BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES he accompanied Major Stephen H. Long on his explor- ing expedition into the Yellowstone region, and nothing later is known of him. SHALLUS, FRANCIS Died in Philadelphia, Nov. 12, 1821, “in the 48th year of his age.” Shallus was born in Philadelphia and was the son of Jacob Shallus, an officer in the Revolutionary War. As a young man Francis Shallus was prominent in local politics; and in 1805 he was captain of the First Light Infantry, of Philadelphia. His profession is given as engraver from 1797 to 1821; but he was a poor workman. In 1813 Shallus conducted a circulating library; and in 1817 he published a book entitled “The Chronological Tables for Every Day in the Year.” SHARPE, C. W. This line-engraver of portraits and book illustrations was working in Philadelphia in 1850. There are some indications that he originally came from Boston to that city. ; SHERMAN & SMITH This firm was designing and engraving plates for the New York “New Mirror” in 1841. In 1838-39 the firm of Stiles, Sherman & Smith was engraving in the same city. In both of these cases the Smith of the firm was probably Wm. D. Smith. SHERRATT, THOMAS About 1870 a portrait engraver of this name was work- ing for Detroit publishers. 245 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS SHIELDS & HAMMOND This firm name is signed to some good landscape plates published in New Orleans in 1845. Hammond is - noticed elsewhere. SHIPMAN, CHARLES In the “New York Mercury,’ May 16, VW 68, is the following: “Charles Shipman, Ivory and Hard Wood Turner, . . . engraves Copper Plate, Seals, etc.” SHIRLAW, WALTER Born in Paisley, Scotland, Aug. 6, 1888; living in New York in 1906. Walter Shirlaw was brought to New York by his parents in 1840, and after he had been edu- cated in that city he was apprenticed to an engraver. For a time he worked at bank-note engraving, but having a decided leaning toward art, he studied in the intervals of business, and exhibited in 1861 at the Academy of De- sign; in 1870—78 he continued his art studies in Munich and other continental centers. His large painting of “Sheep Shearing in the Bavarian Highlands” received Honorable Mention at the Paris Exhibition of 1878. Upon his return to the United States, Mr. Shirlaw painted, etched, and designed book illustrations; and for some years he was in charge of the Art Students’ League, in New York. He was the first president of the Society of American Artists. SHOTWELL, H. C. In 1853 this landscape engraver was vores for pub- lishers in Cincinnati, O. 246 “ . ; : — . ay ALEXANDER HAM ] L ENGRAVED BY Pa US NRHA “from the Bnst by Coraché. ANCOR TAPP ET Tn UAH NHLA c E : = il AOUHAWUUGRUERSRGS UGA EEUIGIEG OEE ER ST An Lo a nec el a et aS Se a ee ta ON. es l NN a a * BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES SIMMONKE, T. In 1814-16 Simmone was engraving a very few, but good, plates for the New York publishers David Long- worth and T. C. Fay. SIMMONS, JOSEPH The “Pennsylvania Gazette” for Jan. 3, 1765, contains the following advertisement: “Joseph Simmons, En- graver, from London, Cuts Coats of Arms and Cyphers in Stone, Silver or Steel, for Watches. He is to be spoke with at Mr. Robert Porter’s, Saddler, in Market Street, opposite the Prison. N. B. As there is no other Person of the same business on the Continent, he hopes to meet with Encouragement.” Simmons was evidently a seal-cutter; and the interest lies in his claim to be the only one then in business in the country. | SIMPSON, M. This stipple-engraver designed and engraved a por- trait of Washington in the center of an elaborate script memorial. This print was published in 1855 and is signed as Designed and Engraved by S. Simpson, New York. SKINNER, CHARLES This excellent banknote engraver, still in the employ of the American Bank Note Company, was working in New York at least as early as 1867. He engraved in line a few portraits for the book publishers. | 247 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS SMILLIE, JAMES Born in Edinburgh, Scotland, Nov. 28, 1807; died in Poughkeepsie, N. Y., Dec. 4, 1885. James Smillie was the son of a silversmith and he was first apprenticed to James Johnston, a silver-engraver of his native city, and he also received some instruction from Edward Mitchell, a portrait engraver. In 1821 he came with his family to Quebec, Canada, where his father and elder brother established themselves in business as Jewelers, and James worked with them for some time as a general engraver. In 1827, under the patronage of Lord Dalhousie, he was sent to London and to Edinburgh for instruction in en- graving, but he returned to Quebec after a short time, and in 1829 he went to New York. His first plate to attract attention was done after Rob- ert W. Weir’s painting of the “Convent Gate’; and in 1832—36 he engraved a series of plates for the “New York Mirror” after paintings by Weir. In 1882 he was made an Associate of the National Academy, and in 1851 he became an Academician. James Smillie was an admirable line-engraver of landscape, and worked largely from his own drawings. But from 1861 until his death he devoted himself almost solely to bank-note engraving, and he did much to bring that art to its present high repute. SMILLIE, JAMES DAVID Born in New York, Jan. 16, 1833; living in 1906. James David Smillie was a son of James Smillie, and was trained by his father as an engraver on steel. While his principal work was bank-note engraving he pro- 248 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES duced some excellent general work, including a series of illustrations for Cooper’s novels, after designs by F. O. C. Darley. He was an excellent etcher and a founder of the New York Etching Club, and later its president. In 1864, after a visit to Europe, James D. Smillie turned his attention to painting, and in the same year he exhibited at the Academy of Design, in New York, and was made an Associate of the National Academy in 1865; he was made an Academician in 1876. As a painter in oils and water-colors he has achieved reputa- tion. He was one of the founders and the president (1878-79) of the American Water Color Society; he was also president of the New York Etching Club. SMILLIE, WILLIAM CUMMING Born in Edinburgh, Scotland, Sept. 23, 1813; living in 1899. Wm. C. Smillie was a brother of James Smillie and came to Canada with his father’s family in 1821. After working at silver-engraving for a time in Quebec, he came to New York in 1830. He early turned his at- tention to bank-note engraving and was connected with several bank-note companies; the last of which, Ed- monds, Jones & Smillie, was later absorbed by the Ameri- can Bank Note Co. In 1866 he secured a contract to en- grave the paper currency of the Canadian government, and for this purpose he established a bank-note engray- ing company in Ottawa. In 1874 he retired from this business; but in 1882 he again established an engraving company in Canada, and he was still at the head of that company in 1889. 249 ; AMERICAN ENGRAVERS SMILLIE, WILLIAM MAIN Born in New York, Nov. 28, 1835; died there Jan. 21, 1888. Wm. M. Smillie was a son of James Smillie, and was early known as an expert letter-engraver. He was long employed by one of the firms that in 1857 was merged into the old American Bank Note Co.; and he was connected with the old and the present American company until his death, having been general manager of the present organization for some years. SMITH, C. H. In 1855—60 this capital line-engraver of portraits and book illustrations was working in Philadelphia and in New York. SMITH, G. This name is signed to well-executed script bill-heads, etc., published in 1790-1800. ‘The work was done in New York. SMITH, GEORGE GIRDLER Born at Danvers, Mass., about the close of the eighteenth century; died in Boston about 1858. He was probably a pupil of Abel Bowen, the Boston engraver, as he was in Bowen’s employ in 1815 as an engraver. Little is known about G. G. Smith until 1830, when, in connection with William B. Annin, he was in the gen- eral engraving business in Boston, working under the firm name of Annin & Smith. Mr. Smith was early inter- 250 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES ested in lithography, and visited Paris for instruction and material; but for some reason he failed in his efforts to establish himself in that business. Later, he was en- gaged in the bank-note engraving business with Terry and Pelton; and when that firm was absorbed by another company, Smith resumed the general engraving business with two of his former pupils, Knight and Tappan. G. G. Smith engraved portraits chiefly, in both line and stipple, and he did some good work. SMITH, HEZEKIAH WRIGHT Born in Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1828; disappeared from Philadelphia in 1879, and was never heard of after- ward. Smith was brought to New York when about five years old, and was later apprenticed to an engraver in that city. He continued his studies under Thomas Doney and became a most meritorious engraver of portraits, both in line and in stipple. In 1850 he was associated with Joseph Andrews in Boston; and in 1870-77 he was employed in New York. In 1877 H. W. Smith established himself in Phila- delphia and did considerable work in that city, but in April, 1879, he suddenly abandoned engraving, sold all his effects and left that city and was never heard of again. Among his more important plates are the following: A full length of Daniel Webster, after the portrait by Chester Harding; a three-quarter length of Edward Everett, and his head of Washington after the Athe- nzum head by Stuart; this latter is said to be the best engraving of this famous portrait ever made. 251 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS SMITH, JOHN RUBENS Born in England about 1770; died in New York City, Aug. 21, 1849. Tuckerman, in his “Book of the Artists,” says that John Rubens Smith was the son of the famous English engraver John Raphael Smith (1740-1811). John R. Smith was working as an engraver in Boston in 1811, and in 1816 he was in New York, painting por- traits, engraving, and conducting a drawing-school. He remained in New York until 1826; and then possibly went to Philadelphia, as he was engraving and teaching drawing in that city in 1835-87. He again appears in New York in 1845 and once more opened his school. Among his known pupils were Sully, Agate, Cummings, Leutze, and Swain R. Gifford. In noting his death the “Historic Annals of the National Academy of Design” describes Smith as “short in figure, with a large head, peculiar one-sided gait and an indescribable expression of countenance.” As an engraver he worked in stipple, aquatint, and mezzotint, chiefly upon portraits; and he was an experienced engraver. SMITH, R. K. A weak stipple portrait of Rev. John Flavel is signed Engraved by R. K. Smith from an Original. This plate appears as a frontispiece to “The Fountain of Life Opened, Etc.,” by Rev. John Flavel, and it was pub- lished by Joseph Martin, Richmond, Va., 1824. Noother example of the work of the engraver has been found. SMITH, SIDNEY L. Born in Foxboro, Mass., June 15, 1845; living in 1906. In 1847 his father removed to Canton, Mass., 252 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES which place has since been the home of the subject of this sketch. In August, 1863, Sidney L. Smith was placed with Reuben Carpenter, a commercial engraver, to learn that business; but in the early part of 1864 Mr. Smith enlisted in the Union army and saw some service at the close of the Civil War. Upon returning to peace- ful pursuits, he entered the engraving establishment of Joseph Andrews, in Boston. Under the general super- vision of Mr. Andrews, Mr. Smith and Mr. Thomas D. Kendricks reproduced on steel the original etchings, and the original woodcuts as well, issued in England for an edition of Dickens’ works. As Mr. Andrews was not an _ etcher and had little liking for this class of work, the young men were left pretty much to their own devices in a task that a them for about two and one half years. Upon the SA eictior of this work Mr. Smith opened an engraving establishment of his own, and for some time was engaged with such work as he could secure. In 1877 Mr. John La Farge, who had previously tried to induce Mr. Smith to abandon engraving for painting, invited the latter to assist him in the decoration of Trinity Church, in Boston; and as an assistant to Mr. La Farge, Mr. Smith was engaged in this work until 1883; and until 1887 he was chiefly employed in the de- signing of stained glass windows and in work of a decorative character. In 1887 Mr. Smith made some etchings for Mr. Clar- ence Cook; and finding that others desired work of a similar character he has continued etching and designing for engravers, etc., since that date. Though Mr. Smith 253 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS has produced exceptionally good and artistic work as an etcher, his experience as an engraver proper has been confined to the early part of his professional career, and covers a comparatively brief period. SMITH, WILLIAM D. In 1829 this capital line-engraver was working in Newark, N. J., and he was possibly a pupil of Peter Maverick. From 1835 to 1850 Wm. D. Smith was in business as a general engraver in New York City. SMITHER, JAMES . According to all the data available, this engraver in line, and in a somewhat peculiar stipple manner, first ap- pears in this country in Philadelphia in 1768, when he was engraving for Robert Bell, a publisher and book- seller of that city. He then advertises his business as follows in the “Pennsylvania Journal” of April 21, 1768: 2 “James Smither. Engraver. At the first house in Third-street, from the Cross-Keys, corner of Chesnut- street, Philadelphia. Performs all manner of Engravy- ing in gold, silver, copper, steel and all other metals: coats of arms, and seals, done in the neatest manner. Likewise cuts stamps, brands and metal cuts for printers, and ornamental tools for book-binders. He also orna- ments guns and pistols, both engraving and inlaying sil- ver, at the most reasonable rates.” This advertisement would seem to justify the tradition that he was originally an ornamenter of guns and a gun- smith, working in the Tower of London previous to his 254 , ‘ a ai CAPTAIN JAMES LAY ss ENGRAVED BY ‘ % pose WILLIAM ROLI youre meee eect sateen gt ne natn See ARAN EMRE 7.4 tf Yoved ¢ i: Be AEROS PS i ee ‘3 2's 1g % “ es: e i Ss ‘ ¢ ef Ns ns “s i rs i iS i es H 75 i A 5 ik ; j 1s t H 7 : NAR Ae Ra GN STEN AULD N48 |e gO 02S MRO AR OEE INT ORE rat Fe SS eae : IN Hayton mb grr SRA AFT AMEE NDNA DRV ARNIS 9 Nan! TEAL AMA ERED CR AD ALI TI ASA EIDNGSY Aha Boe Naga IDD A lhl Ie NPR DET He AAAS RAVE ORAM 8TH NR OR TLEAA AN NOES Me eA vec | ae Stuart fans: * NCE ES JAMES LAWRE e VEY “A Nba VLA t A, hiv the vavd tor the Analectic Muguzine Eng refs G rege ding to Act af red “cco? Ente BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES arrival in Philadelphia. He did considerable engraving for Robert Bell, mentioned above; engraved book-plates and bill-heads; and he is credited with having engraved the plates for some of the paper money of the Province of Pennsylvania, and then having counterfeited this money for the use of the enemy during the British occu- pation of Philadelphia. In any event, a proclamation was issued by the Supreme Executive Council of Penn- sylvania, on June 25, 1778, accusing Smither and others of having “knowingly and willingly aided and assisted the enemies of this state and the U. S. of America,” and declaring all of them attainted of high treason. Smither evidently left Philadelphia with the British troops, as he was working for Hugh Gaine in New York in 1777; and he advertises himself as an engraver, “late of Philadel- phia,” in Rivington’s “Royal Gazette” of May 22, 1779. He returned to Philadelphia, as in 1786 he was en- graving for publishers of that city; and the name of “James Smither, engraver and seal-cutter’” appears in the Philadelphia directories for 1791-1800, 1802-19, and in 1828-24. Unfortunately, there was a James Smither, Jr., also an engraver, and the directories make no dis- tinction between the father and son. The elder James Smither was certainly engraving after 1800, but he prob- ably died soon after that date. SMITHER, JAMES, JR. As mentioned in the preceding sketch, there is some difficulty in disentangling these two names. The evidence of the existence of a “James Smither, Jr.,” lies in the - occurrence of this name among the professional members 255 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS of the Philadelphia Association of Artists, organized on Dec. 28, 1794; and plates of birds so signed are among the illustrations in Dobson’s edition of Rees’ Encyclo- pedia, published in Philadelphia in 1794-1803. In the same work, however, plates almost identical in character are signed “James Smither” and “James Smither, Jr.”; and it is possible that the elder Smither having died in the interval of publication, the son used both forms of name. The directories make no distinction between father and son and give no clue. The probability is that the elder Smither died soon after 1800, and it was the son who was working until 1824, fifty-six years after the appearance of the James Smither of 1768. The name of James Smither, Jr., as engraver, has only been found by the compiler in Dobson’s encyclopedia; the work is in line. A James Smither, probably the son, ‘was an officer in one of the Pennsylvania militia regi- ments in 1776-77. | | SNYDER, H. W. Snyder was engraving in New York in 1797-1805; and in 1811 he made some good stipple portraits for the “Polyanthos,” of Boston. He usually signed his plates “Snyder,” but one plate, published in Boston in 1807, is signed as above. As “H.W. Snyder” he also made a number of the line illustrations in “The American Build- er’s Companion,” published in Boston in 1816. — SOPER, R. F. ! This meritorious engraver of portraits in stipple was employed by New York publishers as early as 1831; he 256 EE ee” ee eee a eke a Cae aes BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES worked largely for J. C. Buttre, of the same city, at a later period. SPARROW, T. - Plates for Maryland paper money, issued in 1770-74, are conspicuously signed 7. Sparrow, Sculp. Sparrow also engraved upon copper the title-page to “The Dep- uty Commissary’s Guide of Maryland,” published by Anne Catherine Green & Son, Annapolis, Md., 1774. Sparrow was largely a wood-engraver, and thus made book-plates, head- and tail-pieces, bill-heads, etc. He was located in Annapolis, Md.; and Mr. Charles Dexter Allen, in his “American Book-Plates,” says that he worked there between 1765 and 1780. SPENCELEY, J. WINFRED Born in Boston, Mass., in 1865; living there in 1906. Mr. Spenceley learned to engrave with J. A. Lowell & Co., of Boston, and was with that firm in 1882-87, doing lettering and ornamental steel and copperplate engrav- ing with the intention of devoting himself to bank-note work. He was at the same time attending the art school of 'Tomasso Juglaris, in Boston. In 1887 he went into business for himself, and while perfecting himself in free- hand drawing he took up etching. In 1901—03 he was with the Western Bank Note Co., of Chicago; and he was later associated with the bank-note company of E. Bouligny y Cie, of the city of Mexico. While in the employ of J. A. Lowell & Co., Mr. Spen- celey worked upon several book-plates, including one of | Oliver Wendell Holmes. The freedom of design and the 257 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS variety incidental to book-plate work appealed to him, and he later made a specialty of this branch of engray- ing, designing as well as engraving the plates. Among the more important book-plates made by Mr. Spenceley may be noted the following: The plate for the Boston Public Library and those for Harvard, Dartmouth, Michigan, Ohio State, and Missouri universities. In ad- dition to these he has designed and engraved about one hundred and fifty plates for other libraries and for pri- vate individuals. A. descriptive catalogue of Mr. Spen- celey’s book-plates has been published by W. P. Trues- dell, Boston, 1905. SPENCER, ASA Born in New England; died in England April 1, 1847. In 1815 Spencer was a member of the bank-note engraving firm of Murray, Draper, Fairman & Co. of Philadelphia. He invented a process for applying lath- work to bank-note engraving, made improvements in the medal-ruling machine, and introduced other devices con- nected with the manufacture of bank-notes. As men- tioned in the note on Gideon Fairman, he accompanied Fairman and Perkins to England in 1817. But Spencer returned to Philadelphia, and later he published a few book illustrations made by his medal-ruling machine; he was also a member of the bank-note engraving firm of Draper, Underwood, Bald & Huffy, of Philadelphia. SPENCER, W. H. This engraver of landscape, in line, was working in New York in 1825. 258 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES STALKER, E. Well-engraved vignettes so signed are found in Phila- delphia publications of 1815. There was an E. Stalker engraving in London in 1801 and again in 1828; it is possible that he was located in Philadelphia for a short time. Several of the plates noted are designed by C. R. Leslie. STEEL, ALFRED B. This engraver of subject plates was working for _“Sartain’s Magazine” in 1850. STEEL, J. In 1850 J. Steel was doing very good work for “Sar- tain’s Magazine.” He was an engraver of buildings, etc. STEEL, JAMES W. Born in Philadelphia in 1799; died there June 30, 1879. Steel was a pupil of the Philadelphia engravers Benjamin Tanner and George Murray; and for a time he was engaged in bank-note engraving for Tanner, Val- lance, Kearney & Co. Later, he became an accomplished line-engraver and produced a number of portraits, land- scape, and Annual plates. Steel was working over his own name in 1820; at a later period in his professional life he was chiefly employed upon bank-note work. STEEPER, JOHN According to an advertisement in the “Pennsylvania Gazette,” March 25, 1762, John Steeper was engraving “in all its branches” in Philadelphia. Westcott, in his 259 ag ee AMERICAN ENGRAVERS “Philadelphia,” says that the first important copperplate published in Philadelphia, in 1775, was “A Southeast Prospect of the Pennsylvania Hospital with the eleva- tion of the intended plan.” He goes on to say that Mont- gomery and Winters drew it; it was engraved by J. Steeper and H. Dawkins, and was printed and sold by Robert Kennedy, of Philadelphia. | In the “Pennsylvania Gazette,” Oct. 22, 1761, Robert Kennedy, copperplate printer, advertises as follows: “A Prospective View of the Pennsylvania Hospital, taken by Messieurs Winters and Montgomery for the sub- — scriber (with the Approbation of the Managers of the said Hospital) which is now engraving and may be ex- pected in two weeks.” This is doubtless the print referred to by Westcott as issued in 1755. James Claypoole’s — “Perspective View” of the hospital was also published in 1761; but it differs widely from the print of ‘Steeper and Dawkins. Unfortunately, the only example of this latter engraving seen by the writer is somewhat muti- lated, the engravers’ names appearing as J. Steeper & H. Dawkins . . . It however contains the names of Montgomery and Winter Del. and the Printed and Sold by Rob' Kennedy Philad*. STILES, SAMUEL From 1880 to 1860 this line-engraver was employed in New York upon both bank-notes and general engray- ings. Stiles probably came from Utica, N. Y., as in 1830 he went to New York with Vistus Balch, of Utica, and they worked together for some time under the firm name of Balch & Stiles. 260 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES STODART, G. A. well-engraved portrait of David Stoner, in stipple, is signed by G. Stodart. It was apparently published about 1835, but as G. Stodart also engraved a portrait of Washington, published in London, he may have been an English engraver. David Stoner, however, seems to have been an American, and his portrait was published in the United States. STONE, HENRY In 1826 this line-engraver was working in Washing- ton, D. C. He was doubtless connected with the Mr. and Mrs. W. J. Stone here referred to—possibly a son. Henry Stone drew upon stone for lithographers of Washington, D. C. STONE, WILLIAM J. In 1822 this excellent engraver of portraits in stipple and etcher of buildings, etc., was located in Washington, D. C., possibly in Government employ. A map of Wash- ington, published in 1840 by Wm. D. Morrison, is signed Eng’d by Mrs. W. J. Stone. There is an excellent en- graved portrait of Wm. J. Stone. STORM, G. F. Born in England and came to Philadelphia about 1834. Storm was an admirable engraver of portraits in stipple; he was also a good etcher. Though his stay in the United States is said to have been a short one, he engraved a considerable number of American portraits. | 261 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS STORY, THOMAS C. This general engraver of portraits and historical plates was in business in New York in the period 1837-44. The firm of Story & Atwood was engraving in the same city in 1848. STOUT, GEORGE H. The New York directories for 1830-50, inclusive, contain this name as an “engraver of cards, seals and door-plates.” STOUT, JAMES D. This man was a map engraver of 1813, apparently living in New York. . STOUT, JAMES V. James V. Stout was in business in New York in 1834-88, as a general engraver and die-sinker. He en- graved some good landscape plates. STRICKLAND, WILLIAM Born in Philadelphia in 1787; died in Nashville, Tenn., April 7, 1854. Strickland studied architecture under Benjamin H. Latrobe; but in 1809 he took up portrait-painting, designing for engravers, and engrav- ing in aquatint. In this manner he produced a few por- traits and a number of views illustrating events in the War of 1812. About 1820 Strickland resumed practice as an archi- tect, and among the buildings designed by him in Phila- 262 geet el a en PR ae! wee erties | teres fp et > THE HON. TAPPING REBVE: ublishit by Cw, Catlin, fro the ently portrait of hire in ertglence > Newlurke, ily. us BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES delphia were the Masonic Hall, U. S. Mint, Bank of the United States, the new Chestnut Street and the Arch Street theaters, and the Merchants’ Exchange. With the advent of railway building in the United States, Strickland began to practise as a civil engineer, and he became as famous as an engineer as he had deservedly been as an architect. His latest public work, however, was in the line of his original profession; he was the architect for the State-house in Nashville, Tenn., and died while this work was in progress. By a vote of the Tennessee Legislature his body was deposited in a crypt built for that purpose beneath the State-house. As early as 1818 Strickland made an ambitious design for “a grand national monument to be commemorative of the illustrious Washington.” This monument was to be erected in Washington city. STUART, F. T. This good engraver of portraits was working in 1850; and at a much later date he was located in Boston. SWETT, C. A. This name as engraver is signed to maps published in Boston in 1860—65. He engraved several plans of the city of Boston. TANNER, BENJAMIN Born in New York City, March 27, 1775; died in Bal- timore, Md., Nov. 14, 1848. Tanner’s master is un- known, but he was engraving in New York in 1792, and 263 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS was possibly one of the pupils of Peter R. Maverick, of that city. He remained in New York until 1805, and in that. year his name first appears in the Philadelphia directories, and he remained continuously in that city until 1845, when he apparently removed to Baltimore. In 1811, with his brother Henry S. Tanner, he com- menced business as a general engraver and map pub- lisher; in 1816—24 he was a member of the engraving firm of Tanner, Vallance, Kearny & Co.; in 1837 he changed his business to that of “stereographer,” using steel plates for the production of checks, drafts, notes, | and other mercantile paper. As an engraver ‘Tanner worked in both line and stip- ple. He produced some excellent large plates, of por- traits and historical subjects, especially views relating to — the Revolution and the War of 1812. Tanner engraved some plates in connection with W. R. Jones. The original subscription prices of some of the large engravings published by Benjamin Tanner are indi- cated in the prospectuses published by him in the news- papers of the day. His “Perry’s Victory” is advertised in the “Columbian Centinel,’’ Boston, March 9, 1814. It was intended as a companion print to the “Capture of the Macedonian,” by B. Tanner, and “Mr. 'Tiebout’s Guerriere.” The price of “Perry’s Victory” was $5 to subscribers; and any one who had previously secured the “Capture of the Macedonian” could have the “Victory” for $4. The “Surrender of Cornwallis,” engraved by Tanner, Vallance, Kearny & Co., after a drawing by J. F. Renault, and published in 1824, cost subscribers $12, with an additional $3 for the accompanying “Plan.” In 264 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES the latter case non-subscribers were warned that when the subscription closed the prices would be $15 and $5 respectively. TANNER, HENRY S. Born in New York City in 1786; died there in 1858. In 1811 Henry S. Tanner was in business in Phila- delphia as a partner of his brother Benjamin, and about this time he engraved outline illustrations for some of the magazines of that city, though he was chiefly en- gaged upon map and chart work. The “Port Folio” of 1815 credits Henry S. Tanner with having invented a process of bank-note engraving which was intended to increase the difficulties of counterfeiting. He produced effects by white lines on a black ground, very ToS! in form and intricate in character. In 1843, Henry S. Tanner removed to New York hea there engaged in the engraving and publishing of maps, charts, etc. He contributed geographical and statistical articles to various periodicals, and published guide-books for a half-dozen sections of the United States. ‘Tanner was made a member of the Geographical societies of London and Paris, when this distinction was rare among Americans. TAPPAN, W. H. Tappan was an engraver of portraits in mezzotint about 1840; and he engraved some line plates, in con- junction with Joseph Andrews, in Boston. He was doubtless the Tappan referred to in the sketch of Geo. 265 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS G. Smith, as his partner in the engraving business in Boston. TAYLOR, T. Good landscape plates, done in line and published in New York in 1860, are so signed. ‘Taylor was possibly a bank-note engraver, as little of his signed work is seen. TEEL, E. Born in the United States about 1880; died in Hoboken, N. J., before 1860. 'Teel was an excellent line- engraver of portraits and landscape. After being em- ployed for some time in New York, he was working for Cincinnati publishers in 1854. TERRIL, ISRAEL Israel Terril arranged the music, engraved the title- page and music, and printed and sold a music-book en- titled ““Vocal Harmony, No. 1, Calculated for the use of Singing Schools and Worshipping Assemblies.” ‘The im- print is “Newhaven, West Society, Engrav’d Printed and Sold by the Author (Israel Terril)”; and the work was copyrighted “21 Aug. in 30" year of Inde- pendence,” or in 1806. For the note on this engraving the compiler is indebted to the courtesy of Mr. A. C. Bates, of the Connecticut Historical Society. TERRILL BROS. These twin brothers were mezzotint-engravers, and. came from Canada to the United States about 1868, and returned to England about two years later. ‘They were 266 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES pupils of Simmons, of London, and mainly engraved large plates of fancy subjects. TERRY, W. D. In 1836, in connection with Oliver Pelton, Terry founded the “Bank Note Company of Boston.” The firm of Terry, Pelton & Co. also did general engraving in the same city. Terry himself was a bank-note engraver, and some of his early vignettes are signed at Providence, R. I. THACKARA, This signature as engraver is signed to a copperplate frontispiece to “The Instructor, or Young Man’s Best Companion, etc.,” by Geo. Fisher, published by Isaac Collins, Burlington, N. J., 1775. No other example has been seen of this man’s work; and it is barely possible that the plate referred to was engraved by the sailor father of James Thackara. It is poor in execution. THACKARA, JAMES Born in Philadelphia, March 12, 1767; died there Aug. 15, 1848. James Thackara was the son of James Thackara, Sr., who settled in Philadelphia in 1764, after having served many years as a seaman in the British navy. Young James was apprenticed to James Trench- ard to learn engraving; and he later married Hannah Trenchard, his preceptor’s daughter. In 1794 Thackara was a partner of John Vallance in the engraving business in Philadelphia; and Thackara’s name as engraver appears in the directories from 1791 267 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS to 1838. His work was done entirely in line and was confined to subject plates. He published, in 1814, “Thackara’s Drawing Book, for the Amusement and Instruction of Young Ladies and Gentlemen.” For some time after 1826 Thackara was the keeper of the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts. A very good three quarter length seated oil portrait of James Thack- ara is in the possession of his grandson, James Thackara, of Lancaster, Pa. | THACKARA, WILLIAM W. Born in Philadelphia, Feb. 9, 1791; died there April 19, 1839; son of James Thackara. The son was a pupil of his father; and in 1882 they constituted the firm of Thackara & Son, general engravers in Philadelphia. THEW, ROBERT Born in England; came to the United States about 1850; and returned to England about 1865. Robert Thew worked in New York and in Cincinnati, and was a clever engraver of landscapes. | THOMPSON, Some poorly drawn and poorly engraved subject plates are thus signed. They were aaa = in New York in 1884. ~ THOMPSON, D. G. Born in England; died in New York about 1870. Thompson spent a considerable part of his early life in India with a brother who held some official position in 268 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES that country. He was engraving in New York in 1856, working on portraits and landscapes. He was a good water-color artist. | THOMPSON, J. D. In 1860 this capital line-engraver of landscapes was working in New York. He was probably a bank-note engraver. | | THORNHILL, —— This man was a music engraver on copper, located in Charleston, S. C., early in the last century. THORNTON, WILLIAM Born in Tortola, West Indies, about 1761; died in Philadelphia in 1827. William Thornton was educated as a physician; was living in England and Scotland in 1781—88; and soon after the latter date he came to Philadelphia, as he was elected a member of the Ameri- can Philosophical Society, of that city, on Jan. 19, 1787. He was a skilled architect and designed the Philadel- phia library building, completed in 1790, and he later superintended the erection of the original Capitol at Washington. In 1802 Dr. Thornton was appointed the first superintendent of the U. S. Patent Office and he held that office until his death. He was prominently identified with the scientific investigation of his day. Portions of Dr. Thornton’s diaries, for 1780—83, are preserved in the Division of Manuscripts in the Library of Congress; and by the courtesy of Mr. Worthington C. Ford, chief of that division, extracts from these 269 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS diaries have been furnished showing that Dr. Thornton, while in England, made a serious attempt at mezzotint engraving. He made various notes to this effect. On April 20, 1781, he “Began to Scrape a Mezzotinto”’; on Oct. 15, 1781, he “Paid for taking off my mezzotints, 1£. 1s.”; and “Paid Robinson for Engraving, 7s. 6d.” The last entry probably refers to engraving the legend under his mezzotint. In 1782 he sends “one of my Mez- zotinto prints,” to various personal friends mentioned by ~ name in the diary. One of these mezzotints is preserved in the Library of Congress; it is dated in 1781. It is an enlarged copy of an engraved gem representing Cesar Augustus, the plate being of full quarto size. The mezzotint work is fairly well executed; though the hand of the amateur is apparent in the modeling of the face and in the hair. The plate is dedicated to his friend the Rev. Doctor Baldwin, of Aldingham. It is signed “Thornton,” in Greek char- acters. THROOP, D. S. In 1824 a fairly well-engraved stipple portrait of La- fayette was published, evidently made for a Lafayette badge. Itis signed D. S. Throop Sc., Utica, N. Y. THROOP, J. V. N. This man was an engraver of portraits, in line and stipple, who was working for both New York and Balti- more publishers in 1835. 270 i’ i oe zr «8 stl ’ : as u we = “tape Pe ‘Se | x NAPOLEON, FRANGOIS ‘CHARLES ENGRAVED BY Vea THOMAS chen 1781-1 832 . t i > é * re f Bip, ¥ ; : q bs he is nN - \ \ ; i ‘ ‘2 ‘ " t a ' | ay J PD ¢ \ ~ ba ie 5 a ¢ is e ; ‘ f ‘ ' ‘ P ‘ ee be » fe 7 A nae = | Ry 7. . og ha, 4 i 7 = ; py ie uy - * ah ne ia Sy ae ae eae h - NAPOLEON CHARLES Ne le 20 Mars Grave per Cimbrede MI FRANCOIS JOSBHP iA : ws AV IILE 1011. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES THROOP, O. H. In 1825 O. H. Throop, an engraver of landscape and vignettes, had his office at 172 Broadway, New York City. TIEBOUT, CORNELIUS This engraver, who has the distinction of having been the first American-born professional engraver to pro- duce really meritorious work, is supposed to have died in obscurity in Kentucky about 1830. The date of his birth is equally uncertain; for while some biographers state that he was born in New York in 1777, existing plates engraved by Tiebout show that he was doing creditable work in 1789. He was descended from a Huguenot family that came to this country from Holland, and held lands on the Delaware River as early as 1656; they also owned property in Flatbush, Long Island, in 1669. Tiebout was apprenticed to John Burger, a silver- smith of New York, and in this business he first learned to engrave upon metal. He was engraving maps and subject plates for New York publishers in 1789-90, and fairly good line portraits in 1793. In the latter year he went to London to seek instruc- tion under abler masters than he could find in his native country. He there learned to engrave in the stipple manner; and on Dec. 15, 1794, he published in London a large and well-executed stipple plate engraved after a painting by J. Green. In April, 1796, Tiebout pub- lished in London his quarto portrait of John Jay. This is probably the first really good portrait engraved by an 271 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS American-born professional engraver; the mezzotint work of the artists Peale and Savage not properly com- ing under this category. In November, 1796, Cornelius Tiebout was again lo- cated in New York, engraving and publishing prints in connection with his brother, Andrew Tiebout. His name disappears from the New York directories in 1799. He went to Philadelphia about that time and conducted an extensive business as an engraver in that city until 1825. He is said to have made considerable money in his busi- ness; but he lost this in some disastrous speculation, and | then went to Kentucky, about 1825, and died there about five years later. TILLER, ROBERT There were two engravers of this name in Philadel- phia, father and son. As nearly as can be ascertained, the father was an engraver of landscape, working in line in 1818—25; while the son engraved portraits in stipple and subject plates in line in 1828-86. TISDALE, ELKANAH Born in Lebanon, Conn., about 1771, and was living in 1884. In 1794-98 Tisdale was located in New York as an “Engraver and miniature painter”; but about the latter year he removed to Hartford and became a mem- ber of the Graphic Co., an association of engravers, though he was the designer of vignettes rather than their engraver. Dunlap says that he remained in Hartford until 1825; and he was designing and engraving plates for Samuel F’. Goodrich, of that city, in 1820. 272 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES Tisdale worked in both line and stipple; but his plates possess little merit. The earliest dated plates by Tisdale known to the writer are his full-page illustrations to Trumbull’s “McFingal,” published in New York in 1795. Tisdale was a better designer than engraver, and he claimed to be a painter in his early life, though his best work was in the line of miniature portrait painting. A portrait of Gen. Knox, executed by Tisdale, was lately in the possession of Mr. A. H. Emmons, of Norwich, Conn.; it is claimed by good authority to be an excellent piece of work. TODD, A. This engraver etched a small bust of Washington, published for the Washington Benevolent Society, Con- cord, 1812. A firm of Gray & Todd engraved astro- nomical plates published in Philadelphia in 1817; but it can not be certainly said that the Todd is the same man in both cases. TOPHAM, Well-executed landscape plates published in Cincin- nati in 1852 are thus signed. TOPPAN, CHARLES Born in Newburyport, Mass., in 1796; living in 1868. Toppan was a pupil of Gideon Fairman and was with that engraver in Philadelphia in 1814. After domg some general engraving on his own account, on the death of Fairman in 1827 he became a partner in the bank- 273 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS note company of Draper, Toppan, Longacre & Co. ‘This firm later became Toppan, Carpenter, Casilear & Co., and in 1854 it was Toppan, Carpenter & Co. Having removed to New York, Mr. Toppan, in 1858-60, was president of the then American Bank Note Co., of that city. TORREY, CHARLES CUTLER According to “The Annals of Salem” (Salem, Mass., 1849), Charles Cutler Torrey was brought to Salem by his parents as an infant. He studied engraving in Phila- delphia about 1815, and in 1820 he established himself in that business in Salem. While he is said to have en- graved a few portrait plates and some general illustra- tions for the book publishers, his most notable work of this period is a large and well-executed plate showing a “North East View of the Several Halls of Harvard College.” This print was published in Boston, in 1823, by Cummings, Hilliard & Co. A companion plate, show- ing a “South view of the Several Halls of Harvard Col- lege,” was engraved by Annin & Smith and published by the same Boston firm. Torrey left Salem in 1823 and removed to Nashville, Tenn., where he died of a fever in 1827. He was a brother of Manasseh Cutler Torrey, a Bor trait and miniature painter of Salem. TRENCHARD, E. C. A: well-executed stipple portrait of Count Rumford is signed as Drawn and Engraved by E. C. Trenchard, 274 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES and it appears as a frontispiece to “The Essays of Count Rumford,” published by D. West, Boston, 1798. There is some difficulty in exactly locating this E. C. Trenchard, who was engraving for Boston publishers in 1798. An Edward Trenchard, under date of Dec. 29, 1794, signed an agreement in Philadelphia to establish in the United States a school or academy of architecture, sculpture, painting, etc.; and among the other signers to this document were the American engravers James Trenchard, John Vallance, ciated Fox, Robert Field, and John Eckstein. The biography of Capt. Edward Trenchard, a naval officer prominent in the War of 1812, says that he was _ born at Salem, Salem Co., New Jersey, in 1784; studied art under the instruction of his uncle, James 'Trenchard, the Philadelphia engraver, and then went to England to complete his art education. But on April 30, 1800, this Edward Trenchard entered the U. S. Navy as a mid- shipman, and became prominent in that service, as stated. He died in Brooklyn, N. Y., Nov. 3, 1824. The pictorial book-plate of “Lieut. KE. Trenchard, U.S. Navy,” is de- scribed by Mr. Charles Dexter Allen; but it is unsigned by the engraver. The signer of the Philadelphia agreement of 1794, and the Kdward Trenchard who studied with his uncle before 1793—when James Trenchard left the United States—might well have been the engraver of the “Count Rumford” in 1798, so far as the dates are con- cerned. But the alleged date of birth of the naval officer, Edward Trenchard, is 1784; and the engraving is almost . too well done to have been the work of a boy of fourteen 275 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS years of age. On the other hand, this date of 1784 may be in error, and the later naval officer may have engraved not only the portrait in question, but his own book-plate as well. TRENCHARD, JAMES Trenchard’s grandson, Mr. James 'Thackara, of Lan- caster, Pa., says that James 'Trenchard came to Phila- delphia from Penns Neck, Salem Co., N. J. He was located in Philadelphia as an engraver and seal-cutter as ~ early as June, 1777; and in 1787 he was the artistic mem- ber of the firm that established the “Columbian Mag- azine.” In 1798 Trenchard went to England and re- mained there. Dunlap says that Trenchard learned to engrave with J. Smither, in Philadelphia. He engraved a few por- traits and a number of views in and about Philadelphia, but his work was poor. He was also a die-sinker, and made the dies for the medal of the Agricultural Society of Philadelphia, 1790. James Trenchard was possibly a son or nephew of George Trenchard, of Salem, N. J., who was Attorney- General of West New Jersey in 1767. TRIPLER, H. E. About 1850-—52 this engraver of portraits and his- torical plates was working for New York publishers. In connection with John Bannister he engraved for “Sar- tain’s Magazine,” of Philadelphia. 276 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS TUCKER, WILLIAM E. Born in Philadelphia in 1801; died there in 1857, says Mr. Baker. Tucker was a pupil of Francis Kearny, in Philadelphia, and he also studied in England for a time, as we find prints signed Engraved in London by W. E. Tucker. 'Tucker’s name as an engraver appears con- tinuously in the directories of Philadelphia from 1823 until 1845. Tucker was an excellent engraver in line and in stip- ple; but his best signed work is found among his small Annual plates. Later in life he devoted himself almost entirely to bank-note engraving. TULLY, CHRISTOPHER The “Pennsylvania Magazine’ for 1775 contains a large copperplate of a machine for spinning wool, which the text informs us “was drawn and engraved by Chris- topher Tully, who first made and introduced this ma- chine into this country.” While nothing more is known to the compiler of ‘Tully as an engraver, the above plate _ was evidently made in connection with the work of the Society for Promoting American Manufacturers, organ- ized in Philadelphia in 1775. To this society C. 'Tully and John Hague submitted models of machines for spin- ning wool and cotton goods; these two machines were so similar in design that the committee appointed to examine them finally decided to divide between these two inventors the prize of £380 offered by the society. No other engraved work by Tully is known to the compiler. | 277 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS TURNER, JAMES As an engraver James Turner’s name first occurs in Boston, Mass., signed to a curious view of Boston which appears in the “American Magazine” for 1744. In the “Boston Evening Post” of June 24, 1745, he ad- vertises his varied accomplishments as follows: “James Turner, Silversmith & Engraver. Near the Town-House in Cornhill Boston. Engraves all sorts of Copper Plates for the Rolling Press, all sorts of Stamps in Brass or Pewter for the common Printing Press, Coats of Arms, Crests, Cyphers, &c., on Gold, Silver, Steel, Copper, Brass, or Pewter. He likewise makes W atch Faces, makes and cuts Seals in Gold, Silver, or Steel: or makes Steel Faces for Seals, and sets them handsomely in Gold or Silver. He cuts all sorts of Steel Stamps, Brass Rolls and Stamps for Sadlers and Book- binders, and does all sorts of work in Gold and Silver. All after the best and neatest manner and at the most Reasonable Rates.” While in Boston Turner engraved, among other plates, the three large folding maps used in a “Bill in the Chancery of New Jersey,” published in New York in 1747 by James Parker. He also there engraved a fairly good portrait of the Rev. Isaac Watts. About 1758 James Turner appears in Philadelphia as an engraver and print-dealer on Arch Street; and he was probably working there before this date, as he was the engraver of the large map of the “Province of Pennsyl- vania” published by Nicholas Scull in Philadelphia m 1759. He engraved several book-plates for residents of 278 Me. COLONEL JOHN) | ASHER BROWN DU ie i fk ee ASst 3 \ AY SSNSSOS a eS i oS Zz LAG a: GE WY Z fc Trumbull Gallery, Yaie-Gollege, New Entered according fo e act of Congress in the year 1833 by James tHesrmg in the clerks office of the District Court of the Southern District of N York: BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES Philadelphia; and the Penn coat of arms which appears in the headline of the “Pennsylvania Gazette” of this period, and signed by Turner as engraver, is probably an example of the “stamps in Brass or Pewter for the common Printing Press’ referred to in his advertisement above. | James Turner died in Philadelphia late in the year 1759, as we find in the “Pennsylvania Gazette,” of De- cember, 17759, a notice of the sale of the household effects of “James Turner, Engraver, deceased.” Among these effects were “engraving Tools, a number of Copper- plates and Pictures.” TUTHILL, W. H. In 1825 Tuthill was designing for the early New York lithographer Imbert; in 1830-81 he was engrav- ing portraits, landscape and book illustrations for New York publishers. The engraving firm of Tuthill & Barnard was working in New York at a later date. A small but clever etching of “Mr. Robert as Worm- wood,” published in New York, is signed ““Tuthill fec’t,” and can be ascribed to this man. UNDERWOOD, THOMAS Born about 1795; died at Lafayette, Ind., July 18, 1849, “age 54 years.” Underwood was a good bank-note ‘engraver working in Philadelphia in 1829. He was a member of the bank-note company of Fairman, Draper, Underwood & Co., and after 1841, of Underwood, Bald, Spencer & Hufty. 279 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES VALDENUIT, Some of the portrait plates issued by St. Memin, pre- vious to 1797, are signed St. Memin & Valdenuit, No, 12 Far St., N. York. Mr. Baker thinks that Valdenuit assisted in the engraving; but he may have been merely associated with St. Memin in the business of publishing or issuing these plates. VALENTINE, ELIAS Valentine was a copperplate printer and engraver liv- ing in New York in 1810-18, according to the direc- . tories. As an engraver he seems to have done very little work. One of his signed plates is really a worked-over plate engraved by W. S. Leney, and another also seems to be a doctored plate. VALLANCE, JOHN Born in Scotland; died in Philadelphia, June 14, 1823, “in the 58rd year of his age.”’ Vallance apparently came to Philadelphia about 1791, as his name as an en- graver appears in that city in 1791-99, and in 1811—23. It can not be stated where he was in the interval 1800 —10. In 1794, as a member of the firm of Thackara & Vallance, he was engraving in Philadelphia, and Edwin ascribes to Vallance the portrait of John Howard signed by this firm. But the stipple portrait of Hugh Blair, signed by Vallance alone, is the best example of his work seen; it is a good engraving. Vallance engraved a large number of encyclopedia plates and general work of this description. He was one of the founders of the Associa- tion of Artists in America, organized in Philadelphia in 280 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 1794; and in 1810 he was treasurer of the Society of Artists, of the same city. He was for a time a member of the engraving firm of Tanner, Vallance, Kearny & Co., of Philadelphia. Vallance was an excellent script en- graver, and good early bank-notes bear his name. VERGER, PETER C. The only known plate of Verger is “The Triumph of Liberty,” a folio plate signed Engraved by P. C. Verger, Nov. 1796. Mr. Baker, in describing this plate, says that Verger was an engraver in New York, and the preceptor of Benjamin Tanner. But Tanner was ac- tually engraving in New York in 1794, two years before the name of “Peter Verger, engraver on fine stone” ap- pears in the New York directory for the one year 1796. The contention of the writer is that Verger was not a copperplate engraver, and that this plate was engraved in France for an American market, and was probably brought over here by Verger and published by him in New York. Verger was an “engraver upon fine stone,” an art de- manding a very different training and entirely different methods from those required in engraving upon copper. Then the plate referred to is very well engraved, con- sumed a long time in its execution, and is evidently the work of an expert engraver. It is hardly possible that a seal-engraver should be an equally good copperplate engraver. Nagler, in his Kunstler-Lexicon, in speaking of Claude du Verger, a landscape-painter of 1780, refers to “a younger Verger,” who was an engraver on precious stones, working in Paris in 1806. May not this “younger 281 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS Verger” be the “Peter Verger, engraver on fine stone, ° who was in New York in 1796 and then disappears from this country ? An examination of the composition of the engraving itself proves that it could not have been designed by an American, or by one knowing anything about the history of the Revolution. It was evidently intended to com- memorate the successful issue of the War for Inde- pendence, and made for sale in the United States; yet it contains no mention of Washington, while recording the names of officers of comparatively little prominence, like those of Scammel and Barber. On a monument “Sacred to the memory of the American heroes, fallen in defence of their Country” are inscribed the names of about a dozen American soldiers, half of whom died peacefully in their beds long after the Revolution. And at the foot of a column, surmounted by a very French representa- tion of Liberty, is an urn inscribed “J. J. Rousseau,” who is thus enrolled among American patriots. ‘The wording of the long explanatory inscription is also strongly indicative of French origin, without revision by one familiar with American history. According to the inscription below, the designer of this plate is J’n. F’is, Renault. N. York. This is the same man who painted the equally historically incorrect representation of “The British Surrendering their arms to Genl. Washington, 1781.” In this composition the central position is given to the Duc de Lauzun and to Lafayette; Cornwallis tenders his sword to Washing- ton; the American flag bears the eagle of the Cincin- natus, and the buildings in the background are totally 282 : BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES un-American. This picture was evidently composed in France, as the “Triumph of Liberty” must have been, and by the same man. It is possible that Renault was with the French army at Yorktown, as he uses the name of Scammel, who was killed at Yorktown, among his fallen heroes. But if he were there, he paid little atten- tion to facts in his composition. It might be interesting to note in this place that the original painting of the “Surrender of Cornwallis’ by J. F. Renault, was exhibited by him in this country be- fore 1824. VERNON, T. Born in England; there learned to engrave, and he did much work for the “London Art Journal’ before he came to New York, about 1853. Vernon was chiefly employed here by the bank-note engraving companies, and he returned to England in 1856—57. WAGNER, H. S. : About 1850 H. S. Wagner was engraving portraits in mezzotint, and also publishing portraits, in Phila- | delphia. These portraits were largely those of clergy- men. WAGNER, WILLIAM William Wagner was a seal-engraver in York, Pa., in 1820-35. He made a few crude attempts at engraving on copper; his plates including a portrait of Rubens and a view of York Springs. He was treasurer of the York High School in 1835. 283 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES WAGSTAFF, C. E. This engraver of portraits in stipple was working in Boston about 1840-45; he was an associate of Joseph Andrews for a time. WALTER, ADAM B. Born in Philadelphia in 1820; died there Oct. 14, 1875. Walter was a pupil of Thomas B. Welch, and he was associated with Welch in the engraving business un- til 1848. He was an excellent engraver of portraits, chiefly executed in mezzotint. WARNER, C. J. The only plate of this man known to the compiler is a fairly well-executed stipple portrait of Gen. Anthony Wayne. It was published by C. Smith, New York, 1796; and probably appeared in the “Monthly Military Repository,” published by Smith in that year. WARNER, GEORGE D. | This name is signed to a botanical plate published in the “New York Magazine” for December, 1791. The book-plate of George Warner is signed Warner Sculpt, and is probably the work of this engraver. WARNER, WILLIAM Born in Philadelphia about 1813; died there in 1848, says Mr. Baker. Warner was a portrait-painter and a self-taught engraver in mezzotint. He made compara- tively few plates, but the larger of these are admirable examples of mezzotint work. 284 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES WARNICKE, JOHN G. Died in Philadelphia Dec. 29, 1818. In 1811-14, and again in 1818, Warnicke was engraving in Philadelphia. His one portrait found by the compiler, that of Frank- lin, is a very good piece of stipple work. WARR, JOHN There were two men of this name in Philadelphia, in 1821—45, working as “general engravers.” The older man was seemingly engraving in 1821-28; and the younger man, John Warr Jr., was engraving in 1825 —45. Their work consisted chiefly of vignettes, business- cards, etc., but these are well engraved. WARR, W. W. _ This W. W. Warr was a script engraver working in Philadelphia about 1830. He usually signed plates in connection with John Warr, as Engraved by J. & W. W. Warr. | WARREN, A. COOLIDGE Born in Boston, Mass., March 25, 1819; died in New York, Nov. 22, 1904. Mr. Warren was the son of Asa Warren, a portrait and miniature painter, and was ap- prenticed in 1833 to Bigelow Bros., jewelers, of Boston. ‘But showing a decided inclination toward engraving, he was placed, a little later than this, with the Boston en- graver George G. Smith. At the end of his apprentice- ship Warren spent another year under the tuition of Joseph Andrews, and became a reputable line-en- graver of vignettes and book illustrations. For a num- 285 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS ber of years he was in the employ of the New England Bank Note Co. and the Boston publishers Ticknor & Fields. But as the result of too much night work he was compelled to, abandon engraving for about five years. In this interval he drew upon wood for other engravers. In 1863 Mr. Warren removed to New York and en- graved for the Continental Bank Note Co. and for book publishers. In June, 1899, he entirely lost the sight of one eye, and was compelled to permanently abandon his profession. He occupied his later years in painting. WATTS, J. W. About 1850 Watts was a line-engraver of landscape in Boston; he later etched some very good portraits. WELCH, THOMAS B. Born in Charleston, S. C., in 1814; died in Paris, Nov. 5, 1874. According to Mr. Baker, Welch was a pupil of James B. Longacre in Philadelphia; and apparently soon after his release from his apprenticeship he formed a business connection with A. B. Walter. Over his own name he produced some good portraits in stipple, and some large ones in mezzotint. For the Annuals he en- graved some admirable pure line plates. About 1861 Welch abandoned engraving and went abroad to study art, and he remained in Paris for a num- ber of years. As showing his earlier tastes in this -direc- tion, the Philadelphia directories of 1841-45 give his occupation as “portrait-painter.” | 286 ve aos ~ by z on PBejpn pas ‘ ‘ t JOHN F. E. PRUD’HOMM : 1800-1888 ae a4 J ¥ tee oo? F Andrews Trret BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES WELLMOREH, E. This capital engraver in stipple and in line was a pupil of James B. Longacre in Philadelphia, and over his own name he engraved some of the portraits in the “National Portrait Gallery,” of 1884-85. At a much later period he was engraving book illustrations in New York. He is said to have finally become a clergyman. Wellmore was also a miniature painter, as we find en- gravings and lithographs done after porn painted by E. Wellmore. WELLS, J. The only information obtainable is that J. Wells was a map engraver working in New York in 1836. WELLSTOOD, JAMES Born in Jersey City, N. J., Nov. 20, 1855; died there March 14, 1880. James Wellstood was the son of Wil- liam Wellstood and was the pupil of his father. He be- came a successful and promising engraver, and at the time of his death he was a member of the engraving firm of William Wellstood & Co. His principal plates were “The Pointer” and “Safe in Port,” the latter after a painting by Thomas Moran. WELLSTOOD, JOHN GEIKIE Born in Edinburgh, Scotland, Jan. 18, 1818; living in 1889. Wellstood came to New York in 1830, and was employed by Rawdon, Wright & Co., and he remained with that engraving firm until 1847, when he began busi- ness for himself. In 1858 his firm was merged into what is now the American Bank Note Company, and he was 287 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS connected with this company until 1871. In the latter year he founded the Columbian Bank Note Company in Washington, D. C.; and while president of that com- pany he designed and partially engraved the backs of all the U. S. Treasury notes issued at that time. When the printing of United States notes. passed into the hands of the Treasury Department, Wellstood returned to New York, and was still employed in 1889 as a script en- graver by the American Bank Note Company. Well- stood made many improvements in the manufacture of bank-notes. oe WELLSTOOD, WILLIAM Born in Edinburgh, Scotland, Dec. 19, 1819; died Sept. 19, 1900. William was a brother of John G. Well- stood and came to New York with his parents in 1830. He began work there as a letter engraver, but he later devoted himself to landscape and pictorial work. From 1846 to 1871 he was employed by the Western Methodist Book Concern, in Cincinnati, O., and by various New York firms. He was a good line-engraver and produced a large amount of work. WESTON, HENRY W. Weston was engraving—in a feeble manner—maps, Bible illustrations, etc., in Philadelphia, in 1803-06, for Mathew Carey, the book publisher of that city. WESTWOOD, CHARLES Born in Birmingham, England, and came to the United States in 1851 with John Rogers, the engraver, 288 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES says Mr. Hollyer. Westwood was a clever general en- graver; but he was dissipated, and committed suicide about 1855. WHELPLEY, P. M. About 1845 this capital engraver was located in New York. He engraved portraits in mezzotint. WHITE, GEORGE H. Some fairly good portraits, engraved in a mixed man- ner, about 1870, are thus signed. WHITE, G. I. This good line-engraver of portraits was working about 1825-30 in this country; but none of the prints seen give any indication of locality. WHITE, THOMAS STURT The “New England Weekly Journal,” for July 8, 1784, contains the following notice of a possible early engraver and printer of copperplates; though no signed work is known to the writer: “THOMAS STURT WHITE. Engraver from London. Not having met with such success as he ex- pected since he came to Boston; hereby gives Notice that he intends for London in the Fall, unless he meets with sufficient encouragement to oblige him to stay. This therefore is to inform all Gentlemen, Goldsmiths, and others, that they may have all manner of Engraving either on Gold, Silver, Copper, or Pewter; likewise Roll- 289 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS ing Press Printing, as well and cheap as is performed in London. “N. B. The said White lives at the Second Door on the Right Hand in Williams Court, in Cornhill.” WHITECHURCH, ROBERT Born in London in 1814; was living in 1883. Mr. Baker says that Whitechurch did not commence to en- grave until he was thirty years of age. He came to the United States about 1848 and lived for some years in Philadelphia. In his later professional life he worked for the Treasury Department at Washington. He was an excellent engraver of portraits in line, stipple, and mezzotint. WIGGIN, J. This is a fraudulent signature. A portrait of Ben- jamin Rush—in line—was E'ngraved by J. Akin and published by him in Philadelphia, March 20, 1800. A — later impression of this plate is found with the engraver and a long dedicatory address erased; it is relettered Engraved by J. Wiggin. WIGHTMAN, THOMAS “The Croaker,” a writer in the “Boston Courier,” Sept. 22, 1849, refers to Thomas Wightman as “a young artist” who came to Boston from England about 1806. But Wightman was in New England prior to 1806, as “Dean’s Analytical Guide to Penmanship” was pub- lished in Salem in 1802, illustrated by twenty-five cop- perplates. We are told that these plates were “Collected 290 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES by Henry Dean and correctly engraved by Thomas Wightman.” Wightman also engraved some of the plates for a mathematical text-book published in 1806 by Prof. Webber, of Harvard College. In 1814 he was in the employ of the Boston engraver Abel Bowen, and en- graved for “The Naval Monument,” published by Bowen in that year. The portraits executed by Wight- man are fairly well done in stipple; and the publication dates of his prints would indicate that he was working — until 1820. A few book-plates bear his name as engraver. WILCOX, J. A. J. Wilcox engraved a few admirable portraits in line in - Boston, about 1875. WILLARD, ASAPH As early as 1816 this engraver was in business in Albany, N. Y., as a member of the firm of Willard & Rawdon, bank-note and general engravers. In 1819-28 he was a member of the Graphic Co., of Hartford, Conn. He was an engraver of maps, portraits, subject plates, etc., and his plates have little merit. Willard is men- tioned as having been the first preceptor of John Cheney. WILLIAMS, E. G. & BRO. This engraving firm was producing portraits in New York in 1880. ' WILLIAMS, H. The few weak stipple portraits thus signed are all both painted and engraved by H. Williams. John 291 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS Rubens Smith engraved several portraits after paintings by Henry Williams, who is referred to by Dunlap as a portrait-painter working in 1812-16. ‘This man was probably the engraver. The only indication of locality and date is found on‘his engraved portrait of Elias Smith, which was published at Portsmouth, N. H., in 1816. In 1814 Williams published in Boston “The Ele- ments of Drawing,” illustrated by twenty-six copper- plate engravings. As this book has not been seen by the writer, he can not say whether these plates were en- graved by Williams or not. As late as 1824 H. Williams advertises as a portrait and miniature painter in the “New England Pal- ladium,”’ with a studio at No. 6 School Street, Boston. This notice says that “He also continues to paint from the dead in his peculiar manner by Masks, etc.” WILLSON, J. Crudely engraved music and the accompanying words is signed by this engraver. ‘There is no indication of place or date; but it is bound up with other music pub- lished by J. & M. Paff, Nos. 2 and 3 City Hotel, Broad- way, New York. The work was probably done about 1800-10. WILMER, WILLIAM A. Died about 1855, says Mr. Baker. Wilmer was a pupil of James B. Longacre in Philadelphia, and en- graved some excellent portrait plates in stipple for the “National Portrait Gallery.” 292 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES WILSON, ALEXANDER Born in Paisley, Scotland, July 6, 1766; died in Philadelphia, Pa., Aug. 23, 1818. In the life of this eminent ornithologist we are told that Wilson was taught to draw, color, and etch by his friend Alexander Lawson, the engraver, and he rapidly attained a marked degree of proficiency in delineating birds. For his own great work on “American Ornithology” he later etched two plates from his own drawings. WILSON, D. W. This name, as D. W. Wilson Sc. Alb’y, is appended to a ticket issued by the “Managers of the County Pas- toral Ball.” There is no indication of place, other than Albany; but the plate is headed by a well-engraved vignette showing Agriculture and Manufacture on each side of a bee-hive surmounting an oval containing a sheep. In a circle over the vignette are the words “Farmers Holyday.” The date of the work is about 1825-30. D. W. Wilson engraved a book-plate for Samuel Pruyn, of Albany. WILSON, JAMES This name, in conjunction with that of Isaac Eddy, is appended to a large copperplate “Published by Isaac Eddy, Weathersfield, Vermont, 1813.” The plate rep- resents, in the form of a tree, the growth of the nations of the world from the time of Adam. The inscription on the plate reads Engraved by James Wilson, Bradford, and by Isaac Eddy, W eathersfield, V ermont. 298 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS As this plate is largely script, James Wilson may have confined his work to the script; the representation of Adam naming the beasts closely resembles other work of Eddy. WILSON, W. W. About 1850 some well-engraved portraits were issued in Boston, signed W. W. Wilson Eng’r & Print’r 35 Wash’n St. : An etched portrait of Washington is signed Wm. Wilson N. Y. 1849. This may be the same man as above. WISH, C. Born in England; died about 1889, says Mr. Hollyer. Wise came to the United States in 1850, and he en- graved for New York publishers and for J. M. Butler, | of Philadelphia. Wise was a good engraver of portraits in stipple. WISSLER, JACQUES Born in Strasburg, Germany, in 1808; died in Cam- den, N. J., Nov. 25, 1887. Wissler was trained to en- grave and to lithograph in Paris, and he came to the United States in 1849. He was in Richmond, Va., at the outbreak of the Civil War, and he was employed by the Confederate government to engrave the plates for its paper currency and bonds. At the close of the war he removed to Macon, Miss.; but finally settled in Camden, N. J., where he continued to engrave, and to produce portraits in crayons and in oil. None of his signed work is known to the compiler. 294 : ~ sae if HON. WILLIAM ; ENGRAVED CHARLES GOODMAN 1790-1880 a 2: Sed : em Sd A Grae oy, BEN PTE aah ps Wi SON nea ae ras aide Deere hoe Re ees Ce Wi ony raved ly USoodman GX. Migyut pean the Parye nal Sreticre by Flee 1. fe a the « Vl Pras i cs Jnalebiee hi agecene?. ¢ svi sis ce a Ners % ; ‘ it a, ’ ae 4 , t 4 es ; { % » : ¥ ; ‘ ¥ ; « \. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES WOOD, J. | A. well-executed stipple plate, representing “The Medical College of South Carolina,” forms the frontis- piece to a medical address delivered by Stephen Elliot, LL.D., published in Charleston, S. C., in 1826. It is signed by J. Wood as engraver. WOODCOCK, T. S. Born in Manchester, England; came to New York about 1830; and in 1836 he was working in Philadelphia. A portrait of Andrew Jackson, published in New York in 1884, is engraved with a ruling-machine and is signed by Woodcock. About 1840 Woodcock was located in Brooklyn as an engraver and print-publisher; and about this time we find some beautiful plates of butterflies Engraved by Woodcock & Harvey, Brooklyn. Wood- cock finally inherited some money and returned to England. WOODRUFF, WILLIAM This engraver of portraits and landscape was in busi- ness in Philadelphia in 1817-24. He worked quite well in both line and stipple. After 1824 he apparently re- moved to Cincinnati, as we find prints engraved by him in that city. WOODWARD, E. F. The maps and small vignettes of events in Ameri- ean history, in a school atlas published in Hartford, Conn., in 1839, are signed as Engraved by E. F'. Wood- ward. 295 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS — WOOLLEY, WILLIAM This clever engraver in mezzotint produced two por- traits of George Washington and a companion plate of Mrs. Washington. These plates were published by David Longworth, at the Shakespeare Gallery, No. 11 Park, New York, probably about 1800. Our interest in this engraver lies in the fact that the larger memorial plate bears the inscription David Long- worth Direwit. | Woolley—Pinait et Sculpsit. | While this inscription might suggest an American origin, it is more reasonable to assume that David Longworth simply suggested the design; ordered a painting and engraving made in London, and then imported both and published the print as above stated in New York. This contention is borne out by the fact that no other plates by Woolley are known to the writer; and the majority of the Washington portraits by Woolley now in the hands of American collectors were purchased in London. ‘They apparently had a very limited sale in this country. In an altered and reduced state the plate has been printed from in recent years. WORSHIP, | This name is signed to some rather poor line-engravy- ings of plans, machinery, etc., published in Philadelphia in 1815-20. WRIGHT, CHARLES CUSHING Born in Damascota, Me.; died in New York, June 11, 1854. Wright was left an orphan at an early age and was adopted by a Charles Cushing, whose name he later 296 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES - assumed. After some service as a soldier in the War of 1812, he settled in Utica, N. Y., and engaged in business as a watchmaker. In 1824 he was associated with A. B. Durand, in New York, in etching, engraving, and mak- ing dies for embossed work. Later he became an ad- mirable die-sinker, making the dies for a number of medals awarded by the National and by State govern- ments. He was one of the founders of the National Academy of Design in New York in 1826. He was liv- ing in Savannah in 1820, and was engraving in Charles- ton, S. C., in 1824. Wright attempted line-engraving without much suc- cess; his best work is found among his etched portraits. WRIGHT, G. This very good engraver of vignettes, buildings, etc., was working in Philadelphia in 1837. About this date the engraving firm of Wright & Balch was producing line portraits in New York. The Wright of this firm was probably the above. WRIGHT, JOSEPH Born in Bordentown, N. J., July 16, 1756; died of the yellow fever in Philadelphia in 1793. He was the son of Joseph and Patience Lovell Wright. About 1772, and after the death of the father, the mother took the children to London, where Patience Wright became somewhat famous as a modeler of heads in wax. She earned suffi- cient money to give Joseph a good education, and Dunlap says that he studied art under the patronage of Benjamin West and the tuition of John Hopp- 297 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS ner, the English portrait-painter who married a sister of Joseph Wright. Before he left England, Wright had gained sufficient fame as a portrait-painter to have secured as a sitter the Prince of Wales, afterward George IV. In 1782 Wright was in Paris painting portraits under the patronage of Benjamin Franklin. In October, 1782, he set sail from Nantes for the United States; but he was shipwrecked, and finally reached Boston after a long voyage. Dunlap, who knew Wright personally, says that in October, 1783, he met Wright at Rocky | Hill, near Princeton, bringing a letter from Franklin to Washington. At this place Wright is said to have painted his first portrait of General Washington and one of Mrs. Washington. He afterward drew a profile — portrait of Washington and etched it. In 1784 he painted another portrait of Washington for the Comte de Solurs. In 1787 Wright had a studio in Pearl Street, New York, and in that city he married a Miss Vandervoort. He later removed to Philadelphia; he there painted por- traits, modeled in clay, and practised die-sinking. This latter accomplishment gained for him, shortly before his death, the appointment of die-sinker to the U. S. Mint. He made a design for a cent of 1792, though it is not known that this design was ever executed; but he made the dies for a Washington medal, after the Houdon bust, and for a medal voted by Congress to Maj jor Lee. His etching of Washington, shiouubti quite well ex- ecuted, is the only plate by Joseph Wright on record. 298 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES WRIGHTSON, J. Born in England; came to the United States about 1854. Wrightson was a reputable line-engraver of land- scape and book illustrations. He worked in Boston and in New York; but soon after 1860 he returned to Eng- land and died there in 1865. YEAGER, JOSEPH This general engraver in line and etcher of portraits was working in Philadelphia from 1816 until 1845. He closely copied Cruikshank’s etchings for American edi- tions of “Harry Lorrequer” and other English works. YOUNG, JAMES H. Young was in business as a “general engraver” in Philadelphia in 1817—29, 1883-36, and 1839-45. At times he was a member of the firms of Kneass & Young, and Young & Delleker, both in business in Philadelphia. The only plates found signed by Young alone are early encyclopedia plates in line. 299 nopes epee aie airy Ph 8 Sas ‘Sh BR HY 2RGRE A Pea * at é eee Ohi ay wag CERI = 4 a) Ses 499 aPR PE PExoG are > » A os ey * ; ra ; - ‘ Poe bia 5 M aat d a " ce ial 0 arene Lak’ c CAS tl ‘ ee rery ne , CoE hal + aus P ae: AI + ee ae _ Segre yp PR at —- area PE Me ee ape ¥ *® eon: a a ppg ee or we 2 i oy ot ; (a3 ena Pee Par oa) eB! ett ty bese toy { ps te ah aA Ry hes eae e ""ahce a ae eth. re fog ees ae tt 4 - 4) . % A ae ‘ , . eh a 9 Wie £2 % ‘ 7 . ¥ +o 5 : at ° * y — _ ' NOTES AND QUERIES_ In searching early American newspapers for data used in this work, the writer has found a number of advertise- ments relating to well-known prints, or to prints not known by existing impressions. As these notes are curious and interesting to the collector, some of them are here republished. Arms of the Philadelphia Engravers In the account of the Grand Federal Procession held in Phila- delphia, July 4, 1'788, to celebrate the Declaration of Inde- pendence and the establishment of the Constitution, we find the following somewhat mixed heraldry : “LXXITI. Engravers. Their armorial ensigns, occasionally devised were—Orr on a chevron, engrailed gules, between a paral- lel ruler sable, barred and studded of the first, and two gravers, salter-ways azure, handled of the third; three plates: the crest, a copperplate on a sand-bag proper; inscribed underneath in large capitals— ENGRAVERS.” PENNSYLVANIA GAZETTE, July 9, 1788. Arnold’s Treason “Just published and to be Sold by Francis Bailey. The Con- tinental Almanac: Containing, besides everything necessary in an Almanac, a description of the Figures (the Devil and Gen- 301 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS eral Arnold, &c.) exhibited and paraded through the streets of Philadelphia, on Saturday, the 30% of September, 1'780, illus- trated with a Plate neatly engraved.” PENNSYLVANIA GazeTTE, Nov. 1, 1780. Attack on Fort Sullivan “Just printed and published for the subscribers, by Daniel Humphreys. A Plan of the Attack of Fort Sullivan, the Key of Charleston, in South Carolina, on the 28th. day of June, 1776, by his Majesty’s squadron, commanded by Sir Peter Parker. By an Officer on the spot. Engraved from the original printed in London. Price One Dollar.” PENNSYLVANIA GAZETTE, June 11, 1777. Aitken’s View of the Batile of Charlestown “To the Public. Now engraving for the Pennsylvania Magazine or American Monthly Museum, a neat and correct View of the late Battle at Charlestown, not inferior to any hitherto pro- posed, and shall be printed in a size proper for the Magazine or a Family piece. Non subscribers are to pay for this Number of the Magazine One Shilling and Sixpence, on account of the great expense of the engraving; those Gentlemen who incline to pur- chase this View of the Battle may be furnished with it at the moderate price of Sixpence.” PENNSYLVANIA GAZETTE, Sept. 20, 1775. Romans’ View of the Battle of Charlestown “Ir is proposed to Print. An exact View of the late Battle of Charlestown, June 17, 1775. It shall be printed on a good crown imperial paper, and to be delivered to the subscribers in 302 ae ‘ pea w TIHOMAS GAMIBILIE IESQ@* late of the U.S.Navy | Engraved by J. B.Longacre trom a Painting by Waldo. ; fir the Analeche Magarnine- ye Je" Sec) 3a eee eee NOTES AND QUERIES about ten days. The price to subscribers is 5s. plain, and if coloured, 7s. 6d.” PENNSYLVANIA GAZETTE, Sept. 20, 1775. Dawkins View of the Pennsylvania Hospital “A Prospective View of the Pennsylvania Hospital, taken by Messieurs Winters and Montgomery, for the Subscriber (with the Approbation of the Managers of the said Hospital) which is now engraving and may be expected in two Weeks. “The Public may be assured that it will be finished in the neat- est Manner. The Subscriber presumes that this Undertaking will be highly favoured by all Lovers of the Institution. Those Gentlemen that would chuse to have them coloured, framed and glaized, are requested to send their Commands to the Subscriber, in Third-street, between Market and Arch Streets, and opposite Mr. J Bede Fox’s. “Robert Kennedy. “N. B. Poe Plate Printing performed in the neatest man- ner, and at the most reasonable Rates.” PENNSYLVANIA GAZETTE, Oct. 29, 1761. Tuts quarto plate was engraved by Henry Dawkins and John Steeper, and is described under Dawkins. Portraits of John Dickinson and John Wilkes ‘“Latrety Published and Sold by Robert Bell. At James Emer- son’s, in Market street, near the river, and at John Hart’s New Vendue Store, in Southwark. Price one shilling. An elegant en- graved copper plate print of the Patriotic AMERICAN FARMER. The same framed and glaized. Price five shillings. Also lately published, price one shilling, a very fine engraved copper plate 303 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS print of Jonn Wiuxes, Esquire, the Champion of Liberty. The same framed and glaized price Five Shillings.” SUPPLEMENT TO PENNSYLVANIA JouRNAL, Nov. 3, 1768. Tue portrait of John Dickinson, the “Patriotic American Farmer,” is ascribed to James Smither as engraver, and 1s de- scribed under that head. The portrait of Wilkes here referred to is unknown to the compiler; it may have been engraved also by Smither ; or it may be an imported print. : Proposals - Engrave—Battles of Hutaw S prings and The Cowpens “THE Fine Arts. ‘To the Citizens of the United States. Having employed a considerable part of my life in acquiring a knowl- edge of the fine arts, from the most celebrated and esteemed mas- ters in Europe, and being highly ambitious in transmitting to posterity, portraits of some of those illustrious characters, whose heroism contributed greatly to the establishment of the liberties of America; and also of some of those brilliant battles, which will forever be regarded as master pieces in the military art, . . . I propose engraving representations of the two very im- portant battles fought at—The Eutaw Springs & The Cow- pens. In the State of South Carolina. I have this day opened a subscription for publishing the above pieces, and if my under- taking shall recieve the patronage and support, which I flatter myself one so interesting to my countrymen may expect, I will be enabled to continue my plan of publishing other important scenes from our revolutionary war. That of the Eutaw Springs was painted by the much celebrated Stothard. The prints will be engraved in the line manner from two original pictures, and their size will be two feet one inch, by one foot six inches. The price for each print will be 15 dollars. In addition to the above prints, I propose engraving, as a centre piece—The Capture of 304 NOTES AND QUERIES Major Andre.—From Stothard. The price will be 8 dollars. The size will be 1 foot 2 inches, by 1 foot. ‘James Aiken, of Charleston. **South Carolina. Powell street, 4 doors from perth Street, be- tween Spruce and Pine Streets. “Subscriptions for the above prints, or either of them, will be recieved by C. W. Peale, at his museum, and by C. Tiebout, en- graver, No. 29 Golden Hill street, New York, etc.” CLAYPOOLE’s ADVERTISER, Phila., June 17, 1797. Portrait of John Hancock “"T'H1s Day is Published and to be Sold by Nicholas Brooks. A Neat Mezzotinto Print of the Hon. John Hancock, Esq., Presi- dent of the Continental Congress. Price plain 3.9, or 5.9, ele- gantly coloured. “Likewise may be had at the above Place, a large exact View of the late Battle at Charlestown, elegantly coloured, at 7s. 6: or put in a double carved and gilt Frame, 20 by 16 inches, with Crown Glass at 8s. 6.” | PENNSYLVANIA GazETTE, Nov. 1, 1775. Tue John Hancock print is not recognized by the writer; but the last mentioned is evidently Romans’ “View of the Battle of Charlestown.” City and Fortress of Louisbourg “A Puan of the City and Fortress of Louisbourg; with a small plan of the Harbor: Done in Mezzotinto—from the Original Drawing of Richard Gridley, Esq. Commander of the Train of Artillery at the Siege of Louisbourg. Sold by J. Smibert, in Queen Street, Boston.” New Yorx WEEkty Post Boy, Oct. 6, 1746. 305 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS THovex not seen by the writer, this plate was probably en- graved by Peter Pelham. . H. Gaine’s Plan of New York THE New York Mercury, Feb. 12, 1770, advertises as follows: “Just published and Sold by H. Gaine A Plan of the City of New York, Dedicated to Sir Henry Moore, Bart. Price 16s col- oured, 8s. plain.” This plan is printed on imperial paper and “the streets are laid down very exact. The whole carried con- siderably further than Corlear’s Hook.” The “Mercury” for Oct. 15, 1770, advertises either this or another plan as follows: “Sold by H. Gaine, A Plan of the City of New York and its Invirons. Surveyed and laid down in the years 1166-67, With a South Prospect of the same taken from the Governor’s Island. In this plan is taken in. Pawle’s Hook, Red Hook, the Long Island Shore and the Islands in our Bay.” Plan of New York of 1756 “To be sold by G. Duyckinck, The Plan of the City of New York, showing the several Wards, Streets, Lanes and Allies; Churches, Meeting Houses, Markets, etc., in the present year. Done from an actual Survey.” New Yorx Gazerre, March 3, 1'755. De Bruls’ Views of New York “Philadelphia, October 28, 1762. “Proposats. For publishing by Susscriprion. Two different Water Views, and two different Land Views, of the flourishing 306 JOHN B. NEAG ae 1796-1866 4 4 4 y Z y} 4 4 f Pamted by W Mulready RA Engraved by J.B Neagle. TRIE WOLF & TIES ILADIB. Published by T T. Ash Philad* ae. 3% ¥ co fie ‘ NOTES AND QUERIES City of New York. The Editor and Engraver has taken great Pains, and been very exact in laying down these Four beautiful Prospects, with which the City presents itself to the Eye of every judicious Beholder. He hopes to meet with Encouragement from all Gentlemen and Ladies, &c. especially, as nothing of this kind ever has been undertaken before by any Body in this Part of the World. “CONDITIONS OF SUBSCRIPTION “1. These above-mentioned Four different Views, with the re- spective References in English, High Dutch and Low Dutch, will be curiously engraved on a Copper Plate 21 by 12 Inches each, and printed on best large Paper. “2. A Plan of the Streets of this City, with their respective Names, will also be neatly engraved on another Copper Plate, and printed on best large Paper. “Subscriptions are taken in by Mr. Matthew Clarkson, Mr. William Dunlap, Mr. William Bradford, and David Hall, in Philadelphia, and by Michael De Bruls., Publisher and Engraver of the above Plates, at the lower End of New Street, next door to Col. Thodey’s, in New York. ‘“Michael De Bruls.” PENNSYLVANIA GAzETTE, Nov. 11, 1762. James Turner's Map of Nova Scotia, etc. “Philadelphia, October 10, 1759. “To-morrow will be published by JAMES TURNER, En- graver. Two doors above the Sign of Admiral Boscawen, in Arch-Street. Handsomely embellished, and printed on the best Paper. The second Edition (with very large Additions, Cor- rections and Improvements) of A Map of Nova-Scotia and Parts adjacent ; wherein is (now) accurately described, Part of New- England (from Boston Northeastward) Nova-Scotia, its true 307 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS Extent, Boundaries, and Fishing Banks; the Islands of Cape Breton, St. Johns, Antiosti, and New Foundland; the great River of Canada, or St. Lawrence, with Orleans, Crudre, and the other Islands that lie in it. Showing also, all the various Com- munications, by Means of the River Ristigochi, St. John’s, Penobscot, Kenebeck, Chaudiere etc. between Quebec, and other Places situate on St. Lawrence River, on the North across the lands, with the Gulf of St. Lawrence on the East, the Bay of Fundy and Atlantic Ocean on the South, The English Forts and Settlements, and the Seats of the (pretended Neutral) French Inhabitants in Nova Scotia; with every thing else worthy of Notice, or that may serve to give a true Idea of the Situation, and connection of the several parts of that Country, and of the Advances and Operations, of his Majesty’s Troops that have been, or now are imployed in those Parts. “Also in a vacant Part of the Plate are inserted the followmg (more particular) Draughts of the principal Places, that are situate within the Bounds of this Map, viz. Ist. The Situation of Halifax. Draught of Chebucto Harbour, &c. 2d. A Plan of the Town of Halifax. 3d. A Plan of Quebec. 4th. A Plan of the Post and Fortress of Louisbourg, with the English Work raised against itin 1745. 5th. a neat View of the Town of Boston. “pRICE HALF A DOLLAR. “Notre. The Western Part of this Map contains the same Places that are contained in the Eastern part of A general Map of the Middle British Colonies, published by the late ingenious and accurate Mr. Lewis Evans, and as this Map begins with the Eastern Limits of that, and proceeds Eastward from it, as far as to include the Streights of Bell Isle, it may serve as a supple- ment thereto; and those two Maps together afford an entire View of all the Places on this Continent, that have been, or now are the Objects, or Scenes of any military Operations. Mr. Evans Map may be had at the same Place. “Said Turner continues the Engraving Business, in all its 308 NOTES AND QUERIES Branches, on Metals, where Gentlemen may be served with Work, according to their different Fancies or Occasions, either in the neatest or cheapest Manner.” THE PENNSYLVANIA JOURNAL, Oct. 11, 1759. Heap’s Prospect of Philadelphia “Just published and to be sold by Garret Noel, Bookseller in Dock Street, A large and curious Plan of the City of Philadel- phia, taken by George Heap from the Jersey Shore, under the Direction of Nicholas Skull, Surveyor General of the Province of Pennsylvania. This fine Perspective contains Four Sheets on Imperial Paper. Price Three Dollars in Sheets.” New York Gazette, March 17, 1755. St. Memin Portraits “PHysioGNoTRACE. Likenesses Engraved. 'The subscriber begs leave to inform the public that he takes and engraves portraits on an improved plan of the celebrated Physiognotrace of Paris and in a style never introduced before in this country. A great number of portraits of destinguished persons who honoured the artist with their patronage in New York, may be seen at 5. Chaudron’s . . . or at the subscriber No. 32, south Third street. He delivers with the original portrait the plate engraved and twelve copies of the same. “St. Memin. “Philadelphia, January 8.” Cuaypoote’s ADVERTISER, Phila., Jan. 8, 1799. Savage’s David Rittenhouse “Ay No. 41 Chestnut St. J. Ormerd, may be had, just pub- lished, a striking likeness of Dr. Rittenhouse, in mezzotinto, 309 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS painted by Mr. Peale, and engraved by Mr. Savage. Price 31% dollars.”? CLAYPooLe’s AMERICAN Datry ADVERTISER, Phila., Jan. 4, 1797. Eckstein’s Monument to General Washington “Proposats. For Publishing by Subscription An Engraving Representing a Monument of General Washington. By John Kckstem. Formerly historical paiter and Statuary to the King of Prussia. “DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATE: “GENERAL WASHINGTON is represented in a statue, intended to imitate white statue marble, standing upon a granite pedestal, in a commanding attitude, with a truncheon in his right hand. At his feet are the fasces, entwined with the olive branch, em- blematical of the power of union, through which peace was achieved after the surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown, the oc- currences of which are seen in the background. The port block- aded by the French fleet, the redoubt charged, and the British army surrendering. Upon the tables are inscribed the words— ‘first in war, first in peace, and first in the hearts of his country- men.’ “Size of the plate 19 inches by 26 inches. The subscription for the engraving in the sheet is six dollars, payable upon de- livery.” Pouuson’s ADVERTISER, Phila., Feb. 19, 1806. Tuts print was actually published March 8, 1806. G. Washington—by C. W. Peale “A Mezzorinro Print of His Excellency General Washington, done by Charles Wilson Peale, of Philadelphia, from a portrait 310 ce sae bal $a, F tae i : | 1801-1885 - ‘ ~ 1 f - 2 7a 4 ’ 4 \ 2 - - 4, ao - i 4 i ; ~ wee tm, . ‘, 4 e rus Pontedhy Buller & Long NOTES AND QUERIES which he has painted since the sitting of the Convention, is now completed: the likeness is esteemed the best that has been ex- ecuted in a print: This is one of an intended series of. prints, to be taken from Mr. Peale’s collection of illustrious persons, destin- guished in the late revolution. Those of His Excellency Doctor Franklin and the Honorable the Marquis de la Fayette, have been already published. The price of these prints, in a neat oval frame (the inner frame gilt) is two dollars each; or one dollar for the print only; and a large allowance will be made to those who purchase to sell again. Apply to Charles W. Peale, at the corner of Third and Lombard-streets, Philadelphia.” PENNSYLVANIA GAZETTE, Sept. 26, 1787. “Or His Excellency George Washington, Esq: A new Impres- sion in Metzotinto; From the original Picture belonging to the State of Pennsylvania: Poster size, i.e. 14 Inches by 10 Inches, exclusive of the Margin; Price Two Dollars, or the Value thereof in current Money; or Six Pounds per Dozen to Shop-Keepers, or Persons going abroad. . Any Persons wanting the said Prints will apply to Charles W. Peale, At the Corner of Third ard Lombard-streets.”’ PENNSYLVANIA GaAzETTE, Jan. 3, 1781. Washington Family—Savage “Pyrtapetputa, March 19. An elegant Engraving, 20 by 26 inches, executed by Savage from an original picture, painted by himself, is just published. The Print represents General Wash- ington and his Lady (two capital likenesses), sitting at a table on which lies a plan of the Federal City. A perspective view of the river Potomac and of Mount Vernon, forms an agreeable and appropriate embellishment in the picture. The whole is executed 311 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS in a style evincive of the rapid progress of an elegant art, which has hitherto been in a very crude state in this country.” PENNSYLVANIA GaAzETTE, Phila., March 21, 1798. George and Mrs. Washington ““New American Publications may be had at Robert Bell’s Book Store, Third-street; at Joseph Cruikshank’s, Francis Bailey’s, Printers, and at William Prichard’s Book-store, etc. “Beautiful Engravings of that most illustrious General and Patriot, his Excellency George Washington, Esq. and Com- mander in Chief of the Armies of the United States of America, and his Lady ; may be had at the above Places.” PENNSYLVANIA GAzeTTE, May 14, 1783. Sia Representations of Warriors “Tis day are published Proposals for printing by Subscription —The Gentlemen and Ladies Military Closet Furniture, con- sisting of six Representations of Warriors, who are in the Ser- vice of their Majesties the King of Great Britain and the King of Prussia, Designed after the Life with a Description as ex- pressed in the Proposals, which may be had gratis at the follow- ing places; where subscriptions are taken by Alexander Colden, Esq., at the Post Office; Mr. Samuel Parker, in Beaver St.; Mr. Joseph Woodruff,-Limner in Dock St.; Mr. Michel de Bruls, Engraver, at Mr. Furer, Silver Smith in French Church Street ; Mr. Elisha Galludet (sic) Engraver in South St.; Hugh Gaine, Printer, etc., . . . and at Mr. Winter in Broad Street where the Prints may be seen.” New Yorx Mercury, March 5, 1759. Wuo were these “Warriors” and were they engraved by de Bruls or Gallaudet? The “Mercury” of July 30, 1'759, says 312 =e 2 mh eo oe ee ens * al 4 ; mo, at th oe oa i A i her : 4. . 7) F9- NaM Bs Se reas paotuted ‘ a q ’ - P * ks é - fig or 3) ee ¢ ‘* }- ; a . { vt . 7 ide cage oe j ; 4 aS j my a te: nf , 2 , § Pr ; ; eg Ee F ry ital Pi ds i4- ies a “ ' Pte, « Ay 2 é : i , i} \ i , | HON. CHARLES CHAU} . ss ENGRAVED BY 3 | JOHN SARTAIN 1808-1897 | | a5 ? ws i. ; \ Funied by T Suc'y NOTES AND QUERIES that ‘‘five of the above plates are finished and the sixth is ac- tually engraving.” The publisher was apparently an army of- ficer; the last notice is dated at Fort Stanwix; and ithe notice states that “Urgency of the Service requires the Editor of the | above Prints to be at his Station.” 313 Wat wy NO = i ba ba * yy oa : caf weed INDEX TO ENGRAVINGS DESCRIBED WITH CHECK-LIST NUMBERS AND NAMES OF ENGRAVERS AND ARTISTS ITEM Abba Thulle . Abbotsford . Abel, Death of Abelard and Heloise—Tomb . Abercrombie, James . Abercrombie, Ralph . Abercrombie Monument Abington, Mrs. . Able Doctor, The . Adam and Eve . Adam Giving Names . Adams, Abigail Adams, John Adams, John Quincy . INDEX ARTIST (Title-page) . Fellowes Trott Westmacott Ramberg . Hamilton . Blythe . Stuart . Williams Houston Stuart . Gimbrede . King 317 ENGRAVER Wightman Chapin Edwin Hill Edwin Edwin Tanner Leney Revere Newcomb Godwin . Pelton Bower Dearborn Doolittle Edwin Gimbrede Graham . Houston . Houston . Leney Longacre Norman . Pelton Rawdon Savage Scoles Smither . Tanner Tiebout Willard . Woodruff Dearborn Edwin (?) . Gimbrede Harrison Kearny CHECK LIST NUMBERS . 3353 310 922 . 1353 691 . 692 . 3116 . 1705 . 2673 . 2326 «ARID » Q4TT 235 ATI 508-9 . 695, 855 . 1031 - 1160 . 1453 1454-55 - 1706 1916-19 . 2327 . 2530 . 2637 ~ 2744 . 2768, 2813 « O71 . 3080 . 3161 . 3366 . 3401, 3406 472 . 855 . 1032 - 1285 . 1565 INDEX ITEM ARTIST Adams, John Quincy .. . Stuart . King Durand Sully Adams,Samuel ... . . Copley . Johnston Copley . Mitchell Addison, Joseph Kneller . Kneller . fsop’s Fables . Agdelotte, B. P. Agricultural Soc., Phila. Agriculture, Soc. for Promoting Akenside, Mark Alaman, Lucus . Albany Dutch Church Se he eae Hooker Albany, Lancaster School . . Hooker Albion,Lossofthe .. . . Birch Alexander I— Russia St. Aubin . Svinin . Algiers Algiers, U.S. Senndect ate Alhambra, The . Ali Bey El Abbassi Allegorical Scene . ‘ua eae es Allen, Benjamin ... . . Brewster . Allen, Richard . . .. . . Peale Allen,Solomon. .. . . . Ames Allen, William Henry Alps, The . ; 318 CHECK LIST ENGRAVER NUMBERS Longacre . . . 1920-22 Moore > «. shee eee Paradise . sss eee W.D.Smith . . . . 2942 Durand . . a ae Goodman § Piggot . . 1196 Graham. . . +» ANGE Harris. “i eee Longacre .* 0. @-eigas Norman . . .-. « « 93% Okey. 05.) Oa ee Revere (oy ee ree Willard 5 6.) OP PT Boyd . se" oe sae Edwin... . 693-694 Ellie... .0< Pee ee Kelly 0. ee Longacre ... . . 1980 W.D.Smith . . . . 2943 Normaw,.- . “250, He gSas Longacre .. . . . 1994 Anderson .-. So, eat Rawdon . 3. seo eae Pekenino .... »« 9481 LOw30n 6 4 a a Scoles. '.* « 2 ae Siyder ,. 4s in Sales Willard-Rawdon . . . 3397 Tiebout. 3.5 2 2 eee Doolittle. os Yin eee Edwina... 5. ee eee Edw | is Se see Edwin. >... eee Gobrecht «>. . s EROT Longacre ... . » 1995 Scoles >. “a2 we 5) eee Jocelyn 2° 6. as yee Seymour. . . . 2886 Goodman & Pine . 1125 Revere ... coe 2696 Edwin (ew Oy eee Boyd o's se ee eee Tanner-Jones . . 1507, 3081 Edwin.) . Se eee Plocher . .. . » « 2645 ITEM Alston, Washington Alvarado, Pedro de America America, AS ale America in Distress America Guided by Wisdom . American Landscape American Locust . American and Foreign Coin American Colonization Soc. American Musical Mag. Americus Vespucius . Ames, Fisher Amelia . Amicable Fire Ba. Anacreon . Anatomy . ‘ Anatomical Figure Ancient Musical Instruments . Andalusia, Pa. . André, John . Andrews, John . Angel and Child Angelo, Mr. .~. ’ Anglesey, Marquis of Ankarstrom, J. . Anne, Queen of England Annunciation, The Antossee, Battle of Apollinopolis, Temple of Apollo . Apologies for Rippling: Appleton, Jesse : Aqueduct Bridge, Evora Archipelago, U.S. Sloop . . Argyle, Duke of INDEX ARTIST Johnston . Barralet Barralet Durand. Stuart . Stuart . Stuart . Stuart . Stuart . Stuart . Bell . Birch Sully De Wilde . (Caricature) . Penniman . Bennett 319 ENGRAVER Johnston Lawson Doolittle . Edwin Harris Revere Tanner & Co. Smillie Doolittle Reed . Stone . Doolittle Fairman . Boyd . Edwin Gimbrede Kelly . Leney . Pru@Vhomme Trenchard . Callender Edwin Edwin Anderson Edwin Steel Pelton Scoles Edwin Graham . . Leney . Scoles . Tiebout Boyd . DLeney . Maverick. Tiebout . ox; Webbe Scoles. Durand . Charles . Chorley Tanner Bennett . Scoles CHECK LIST NUMBERS - 1484 . 1679 522 - 925 ~ 1277 . 2674 . S115 672 - 523 . 2661 . 3039 524 993 - 245 702-4 - 1033 . 1593 . 1107 . 2556 . 3302 288 705 941 66 . 934 . 3038 . 2478 . 2769 . 706 . 1175 . 1708 . 2820 - 3163 . 246 - L709 . 2181 . 3236 - 285 . 2850 552 336 . 383 . S117 . 145 . 2821 ITEM Ariadne ; Ariosto, Ludovico . Arlington, Earl of Arminius, James Arms of Christian Arnold, Benedict . Asbury, Francis Ashman, Jehudi ATRERS 6: Gal ls Athens, Ruins of Atterbury, Francis Auchmuty, Samuel Averill, Chester Backus, Azel Bacon, Sir Francis Bailey, Robert . Bainbridge, William . Bainbridge’s Return . Bainbridge’s Squadron . Baker, Mr. Baker, Rachel Baker, Rachel Bakers’ Falls, N. Y. Balbec « is 6 Balboa, Vasco Nunez de Baldwin, Thomas . Ball, William Ballou, Hosea Balston Springs, N. Y. Baltimore, George Calvert Ld. Baltimore,Md.. . Baltimore Battle Monument . Baltimore Court House . INDEX ARTIST Vanderlyn Lely . Paradise Paradise Jocelyn. Doughty Metz. Sexton . Wood Holbein Du Simitiere . ENGRAVER Durand . Fairman . Haines Paradise . Tiebout G.G. Smith . Annin & Smith Gimbrede Tanner Jocelyn . Lang . Kelly . Maverick Edwin. Pru@homme Longacre . Annin & Smith Haines Martin. . Delleker . Jarvis . Stuart . Jarvis . Williams . Corne Fanning Lovett . Jarvis Doyle Doyle . Strickland Goodrich . Leseur . Doughty Godefroy . Godefroy. . 320 . Durand Edwin Lewis . Maverick Reed & Stiles J.R. Smith . Leney . G.G. Smith . Hill Gimbrede Hamlin Hill. Shallus Longacre Gobrecht Hoogland Kneass Bowen Hag ea Edwin Bennett . Steel . Tanner Cone . ITEM Baltimore Independent Church Baltimore Marine Society . Bangs, Nathan . Banks, Thomas . Baptism of Christ Baptismal Scene Barbould, Anna L. Barclay, Miss Bard, John Bard, Samuel Barlow, Joel Barnes, John Barnes, Mary G. Barney, Joshua Baron, George . Barron, James . Barry, John . Barry, William T. . Barrymore, Earlof . Barton, Benjamin Smith Bascom, Henry B. Bass Isle . Basso Relievo Bastile, The . Bateman, James BattleScene. Bayard, James A. . Bayard, John Baxter, Richard Beach,W. . Beattie, James . ' Beck, Theodoric R. Bedell, Gregory T. INDEX ARTIST Godefroy . Paradise Northcote . Barralet Smith De Wilde . Sharpless . Vanderlyn Le Barbier Fulton . Neagle . Neagle . Wood Howell . Neagle . Stuart . Stuart . King Longacre . De Wilde . Haines . Otis . Neagle . Wertmiiller . e Weir. e e e Lawrence. . 321 Paradise .. CHECK LIST ENGRAVER NUMBERS Tanner & Co. . 3129 Houlton . . 1452 Durand . 554 Leney . 1710 Tiebout . . 3237 Hill. . 1393 Ellis . . 916 Leney . 1711 Leney . 1712 Main . . 2160 Anderson 45 Edwin 710 Durand . 655 Tisdale . 3250 Durand 556 Durand 557 Childs 340 Anderson eo OF Steel . 3000 Edwin 711 Longacre . 1928 Longacre . 1930 Longacre . 1929 Leney «1718 Gobrecht . - 1109 Haines - 1190 Otis - 2379 Longacre . 1931 Seymour . 2889 Edwin 935 Clarke “411 Tiebout . 3201 Longacre - 1932 Middleton . . . . « 2274 Goodman & Piggot . . 1127 Edwin ely aude eee Edwin . 952 Paradise. . . . - » 2387 Snyder . 2995 Paradise. . . 2388 Edwin 1 12 Longacre . 2135 Pekenino - » 2432 Prudhomme wot ed eOoe Humphrys... .- «» 1469 ITEM Bedell, Gregory T. Bedford, Duke of Belknap, Jeremy . Belisarius F Belmont, Pa. Belvedere House . Bennett, George Benson, Joseph Beranger, Pierre J. . Bergen, Ne yy. ee Berkshire Medical Inst. Bernadotte, Gen. . Bernard, John . Berridge, John Berrien, John McPherson . Berthier, Canada . Berthier, Louis Alexander Bethlehem, Pa. Betty, Wm. H. West . Between Two Stools Between the Logs Bichat, M. F. X. Biddle, James : Biddle, Capt. Nicholas Biddle, Nicholas, Esq. Bill-head, Brackett Bill-head, Cromwell’s Tavern . Bird Catching in Orkney Bishop, Robert H. Black, Joseph Blackburn, Gideon Blackmore, Richard . Blackstone, William . Blair, Hugh . INDEX ARTIST Neagle . Neagle . Jackson Longacre .. Birch . (Caricature) . Paradise Choquet Wood Peale Jarvis Raeburn 322 ENGRAVER Longacre Longacre . Steel Haines Harris . Gavin. Birch . . Scoles Pelton Gimbrede Yeager Scoles . Amnin & Smith Schwartz . Tanner & Co. . . Edwin . Harris Bowen . Longacre Robertson _ . Maverick Tanner & Co. . Hill Strickland . Leney . Charles W. D. Smith Annin & Smith Gimbrede Edwin Longacre-Welch . Revere Callender Fill Longacre Kneass Maverick Hdwin Edwin Hill ~ Scoles Durand . Kelly ... Mawerick Scoles Tiebout Vallance CHECK LIST NUMBERS . 1934 . 1935 . 3001 . 1191 . 1266 . 1027 . 191 . 2894 . 2479 . 1036 . 3419 . 2895 . 108 . 2765 . 3114 18 . 1267 . ii . 1937 . 2236 . 3113 . 1388 . . 3053 1714-15 . 339 . 2944 sowie We 1037-38 , - 714 . 1938 . 2698 - 292 . 1389 . 1939 . 1646 © . 2184 715 - 716 . 1362 . 2770 558 © 159495 . . 2185 2771 . 3164 . 3339 ™ ITEM Blair, John D. Blakely, Johnston . Blanchard, Mrs. Bland, Mrs. Bleecker, Ann Eliza . Bligh, William . Blisset, Francis Bloomfield, Joseph Blucher, Gen. Blunt, Edmund M. Boats on Mohawk . Boerhaave, Herman . Boleyn, Anne Bolinbroke, Lord . Bolivar, Simon . Bolles, Lucius Bolling Dam, Va. . Bonaparte in Trouble Bonaparte, Josephine Bones, ete., from Ohio Bonnet, Charles Book-plate, Laleytecaat INDEX ARTIST e Thompson. De Wilde . De Wilde . Leslie (Caricature) . Loss. Stothard . Holbein Edwards Shaw. (Caricature) . Book-plate, Farmington Pibrery Book-plate, N. Y. Society . Boone, Daniel Booth, Junius Brutus . Bordentown, N. J. Boston, Mass. View of Plan of Harding Neagle . Bridport Fraser . Hill . Johnston . 323 CHECK LIST ENGRAVER NUMBERS Martin . 2178 Gimbrede . 1039 Leney TTS Leney ~ 117 Tiebout . . 3165 Houston . 1456 Edwin . 86 Gridley . 1178 Rollinson . 2722 Tanner & Co. . 3114 Akin . 20 ae ba . Maverick . 2237 . Gimbrede - 1040 Kelly . - 1596 Cook . - 430 Scoles « 2472 Childs . SA4l Longacre . 1940 Maverick . 2186 Pekenino . 2433, 2439 Pelton . 2480 Hill . 1343 Doolittie 530 Edwin . (94 Trenchard . . 3284 Edwin 17 Godwin . . 1120 Bull . 283 Gallaudet . 1026 Longacre . 1941 Ellis 964, - Drayton . . . 542 ‘ Goodman & Pivebe Mar ae 2 F . Steel . . . 3038 . Bennett . 125 . Childs . 855 . Hill . 1390 . Revere 2677 —78 . NScoles . 2826 . Steel . . 3021 Trenchard . . 3285 Turner . 3330 . Bowen . 220-23 Callender 297 Dewing 483 ITEM Pink Of. G0... Bee Almshouse Arch at : Bank—U. S. Beane * Beacon Hill Monument . Brick Meeting Castle William . Charles River Bridge . Coffee House Common, The Court House . Faneuil Hall Faneuil Hall Market . Hancock House Harbor, Plan of Hollis St. Church . Lighthouse North Battery . Ships Landing ee a i State House . : Third Baptist ey Boston and Provincial Camp . Boston Marine Society . Boston Massacre . : Boston, Wreck of Ship . Boudinot, Elias Bouquet, Col., and Indians Bourgeois, Sir Francis . Bowdoin, James Bowditch, Nathaniel . Pierpont Hill . Bulfinch Edes (Certificate) Sully ENGRAVER . Hill Johnston Norman . G4. G. Smith Trenchard . Vallance - Wightman . Yeager Bowen . Hill . Bowen - Tanner . Kidder . Hill . Revere . Scoles . Hill . Scoles . Wightman . . Hill . Kidder . Kidder . Hill . Bowen . Hill . Lownes Vallance . Burgis . Hill . Revere . Revere . Hill . Kidder . Aitken Callender . Revere . Porter . Boyd . Waldo & Jewett Durand . Waldo & Jewett Paradise B. West Northcote . Stuart . Stuart . 324 . Revere . Leney . Hill J.R.Smith . Pelton co © fos) ITEM Bradford, William Brainard, J.G.C. . Brainerd, Thomas Braithwaite, Anna Branch, John Brazilian Indians . Breadfruit, The Breck, Samuel— Residence Breed’s Hill, Mass. Breed’s Hill, Action at . Bremer, Fredrika . Brice, Andrew . Brissot, J. P. British Drama . Broadhead’s Creek, Pa. . Brockwell, Charles Brooks, John Brooks, Nathan C. Brother Jonathan’s Soliloqu Brougham, Henry Brown, Clark . Brown, Jacob Brown, Tipping Browne, Thomas Bruce, Archibald . Bruen, M. . Brunson, Alfred . ‘ Bryant, William Cullen. Buckminster, Joseph S.. . Buckminster, J. , Budgell, Eustace . Buell, Samuel . Buffalo,N.Y. . . Building the Ark . Bunker Hill Battle INDEX ARTIST ENGRAVER “pe ose», Mdm Tisdale. . . Longacre J.R.Smith . J.R.Smith . Dunlap . - Durand . Longacre: . Longacre Peale . . . Longacre : . Reiche gutters . Strickland . Birch . Steel . Johnston . Steel . (Plan) . . Martin Sodermark . Prud’homme . Leney oo et ee tae COME (Title-page) . Longacre Hoffman . . Scoles Pelham. . . Pelham . Frothingham Chorley . Stuart . . Durand . Miller . Horton (Caricature) . Kensett . . . Pru@homme Willard . eae: . Stone . Jarvis . . . Durand . Wood .. . Gimbrede Jarvis . Maverick . ‘ . Tanner & Co. Hoquier . Leney . eel Bie . Scoles Brown . . Hoogland Arlaud . . Longacre Shaffer . . Paradise Paper er" . Durand . Stuart . Edwin . ° . Kelly . Fermin. . . Leney Reed .. . Reed. - Bennett . - Weston . . Annin & Smith Meer war eerceremryae: Trumbull . . Norman . ew a sce w SROMaNENS De Berniere . G.G. Smith 325 CHECK LIST NUMBERS oi th6 . 1942 . 2918 - 660 . 1943 - 1944 - 2664 . 3070 . 3038 - 3022 - 2174 - 2559 - 1719 . . 2773 2151-52 - 2827 . 2460 . 384 . . 2359 2731-32 . . 9910 ITEM Bunyan, John Burder, George Burgomaster, The Burgoyne, Capture of Burgoyne’s Defeat Buried with Him by Baptism Burke, Edmund Burke, Mr. . . Burkitt, William . Burns, Robert . Burns’ Works Burnside, A. FE. Burr, Aaron . aut Burr, Aaron— Residence Burrow, Dr. . Bush Hill, Pa. . Bushong’s Tavern, Pa. . Business Card, Ashton’s Danvers & Beverly . S. Emery Greenwood W. Hamlin Harbeson . Humphrys A. March INDEX ARTIST Fountain . Derby . (Plan) «<4 (Plan) . Wood Nasmyth Nasmyth Nasmyth (Title-page) . Hoffman » Dighton 326 ENGRAVER . Anderson Chapin Hamm Longacre . Maverick . Paradise W.D. Smith Tanner - Hamm Okey . . Maverick . Martin . Fairman . Revere . EKdwin . Pru@homme . Steel Tanner . Childs Edwin . Hillis . Haines . Lawson . . Maverick . Pekenino . Scot W.D. Smith Throop Tiebout Harrison Pelton Gridley Tiebout . Martin . Malcom . . Tiebout Trenchard . . Sparrow . Callender Callender . Revere . Hamlin . . Dawkins . . Humphrys . Akin . CHECK LIST NUMBERS . 68 . 304 . 1254 . 1946 . 2188 . 2391 . 2945 . 3083 . 1255 . 2374 . 2269 . 2176 «+ 999 »~ jageegh . 720-21 . 2619 . 3002 . 3084 343 722 965 . 1193 . 1680 . 2189 . 2435 . 2855 . 2946 . 3158 . 3166 . 1310 . 2482 . 1179 . 3202 . 2173 . 2167 . 3203 . 3283 . 2999 291 . 290 . 2699 1250-52 . 463 . 1473 29 ITEM Bute, Lord Butler, Alban Butler,Gen.. .. . Buttermilk Falls, Pa. Byles, Mather Byron, Lord Cesar Augustus Cabell, E. C. Cader Iris Cain and Abel . Calcutta Calhoun, John C. Calvin, John. ™ Cambridge, Colleges at . Cambridge Christ Church . Campbell, Thomas Campbell, Mr. Camden, Ear! of Canada River 1k Canada, Seat of War in Canada, Upper and Lower Caner, Henry Ganning, Co .)ss0% Cannon, N.C. W. . Canova, Antonio Canton Factories . Cape Monserado INDEX ARTIST Pelham . Phillips Sanders Phillips Phillips Phillips West Westall Phillips West Craig King Dacier . Chadwick . Strutt (Map) . (Map) . (Map) . Smibert Dodge . 327 ENGRAVER . Haines Neagle Hamlin . Murray Harris . Pelham Edwin . Ellis . Hillis : . Durand . . Gimbrede - Kelly . . Longacre . Longacre Longacre . Pelton W.D. Smith Thornton Pru@homme Tanner . Hill . Campbell . Longacre Longacre Bowen . Boyd . . Kneass Snyder . . Hill . Revere . Hill . Gimbrede . Longacre . Pekenino Wightman . Haines . Johnston . Aitken . Kensett . Pelham Pru@homme SY, SY eereet Durand . . Scoles Stone . CHECK LIST NUMBERS . 1192 . 2302 - 1228 . 2290 . 1268 . 2461 123 966 967 . 564 - 1042 . 1598 - 1947 . 1948 . 2139 . 2483 ~ 2947 . 3154 . 2560 . 3120 . 1358 2 ee 1949 —50 + 1951 218 . 248 . 1647 . 2995 . 1396 . 2682 » 1399 . 1043 . 2139 ITEM Capers, William Carey, William . Carolan Caroline, Queen Carpenter’s Co, Phila. Carroll, Charles, of C. Carroll, John Cascade, The— Pa. Caslon, Mrs. E. Cass, Lewis . ; Catharine II— Russia Catskill, N.Y. . Catskill Mountains Caulfield, Mr. Cervantes, Miguel Chambers, Sir William ‘ Channing, Wm. Ellery . Chapman, Nathaniel . Chappe, Abbé . Charles I—England . Charles II— England Charles V— Germany Charles XII—Sweden Charleston, S. C., Siege of . Charlestown, Mass. Charlestown Peninsula . Charlemagne ; Charlotte Elizabeth . Chase, Henry Chase, Philander INDEX ARTIST Paradise (Certificate) . Harding Field Harding Paul. . Calton . Tuthill . Durand De Wilde . Reynolds . Harding Sully Neagle . Longacre . Sully Vandyck . Titian . (Map) . Dickson Paradise Bogle 328 CHECK List ENGRAVER NUMBERS . Longacre ... . . 1952 . Bowen thay ig . Ohilds: ... aes 342 . Kennedy - 1635 Willard . . 3369 Thackara . 3149 . Durand . . 566 — . Longacre . 1954 . Longacre - 1953 - Anderson ..-. 1. 46 - Leney-Tanner. . 1722,3085 . Tiebout . . 3204 . Leney . 1723 . Lewis . . 1913 . Edwin 0 eS ee ees - Bill. oom 2 ee . Leney - « L724 Tanner » « 3130 .. Bennett . | 135 . Durand . » Ore . Hewitt . 1318 . Leney - 1725 . Maverick . 2190 . Murray . . . 2283 . Hoogland 1417-18 - Goodman & Piggot . . 1128 . W.R. Jones . . - 1508 « Kelle eis . 1599 . Longacre - 1955 . Neagle : - 2303 . Clarks tht hal . 397 . Gimbrede . 1044 . Leney . 1726 . Edwin . 726 . Leney . 1727 . Anderson ee is . Scoles - 2775 . Abernethie . ; 1 . Tanner . 3121 . Bowen , 224, - Annin & Smith 112 . Bowes ase § « W.D. Smith . 2950 . Paradise . 2392 . Pru@homme . . . 2561 ITEM Chase, Samuel . Chatham, Earlof . Chauncey, Isaac Chesapeake and Shannon . Chester, John Chesterfield, Earl of . Cheverus, John . China Retreat, Pa. Christ and the Law Church, Benjamin Church of Holy Sepulcher Church in Distress Church of God . Cicero . ae Cincinnati, Ohio . Cincinnati, Society of Claiborne, William C. C. Clairon, Mademoiselle . Clarendon, Earl of Clark, Laban Clavie Adem: . . ..... Clarke, Beulah Allen Clarke, John Clarke, McDonald Clarke, Mary Ann Clarke,S. . Clarkson, Thomas Clay,Henry. . Dickinson . Birch Huntington Duval Lely . Paradise Partridge . Jackson Derby . Derby . Lovett . Inman . Hubard King Linen McPherson 329 ENGRAVER . Longacre Johnston Leney Deileker . Edwin Wightman . Rawdon & Co. - Osborn . Scoles - Hoogland - Johnston . Birch . . Justice . Revere Trenchard . - NScoles . Hill Chorley . ~ Steel, - Scot . Longacre Revere . Haines Durand . Chorley . - Durand . - Edwin . Longacre . Paradise W.D. Smith Maverick Graham . . Hill Gimbrede . Maverick Leney Hill . Maverick Haines . Longacre . Longacre Mawerick Pru@homme . Sth. «he Willard. . . 3024 CHECK LIST NUMBERS . 1956 - 1485 . 1728 478 - 727 . 3360 . 2642 . 2375 . 2776 . 1419 . 1486 -” 192 . 1564 - 2666 . 3287 - 2851 . 1356 385 . 2869 - 1957 . 2667 . 1195 . 567 390 568 . 728 . 1958 . 2393 . 2948 . 2193 . 1162 . 1365 - 1045 . 2194 - 1729 . 1371 . 2191 - 1203 - 1959 - 1960 . 2192 . 2562 ITEM Cliffton, William . Clinton, De Witt Clinton, George Clovis . : Clymer, Gaara Cobb, David . Cochran, John . Codman, John . Coke, Thomas Colby, John . Colden, sR has ate Colden, Cadwallader D. Cole, Joseph Coligny, Admiral . Collins, John Collins, Williams . Collins, Mr. ; : ‘ Collingwood, Cuthbert : Colman, Benjamin Columbia, S. C. Stateless : Columbia College, N. Y. “Columbian Harmonist, The” Columbian War Columbus, Christopher . Conde, Prince de Condorcet, N. C. de Concord, Mass. Concord State House . Congress Springs, N. Y. Congreve, William Connecticut River INDEX ARTIST Field Coffee Ingham Inman . Trumbull . Catlin Ingham Ames Wright Trott Trott Wildman . Williams ENGRAVER . Hdwin . Durand . Durand ,. - Durand . . Leney . Longacre Pru@Vhomme . Anderson Maverick Tiebout . Galland . Hooker . Longacre . Hdwin Leney . Pelton . Rollinson Williams . Leney Scoles Waldo I mae Durand . Neagle . De Wilde . Smibert (Certificates ) . . « Doolittle Pigalt Savage . Maella . LeSeur . Kneller White Fisher 330 Longacre Smither . . Longacre . Harrison Leney - Tanner & Co. . . Pelham Akin . Rollinson Tiebout . . Edwin . Longacre . Maverick Pelton . Bowes . Bannerman Tisdale . Hill - Bowen . Hill . Leney Longacre Childs . Ellis CHECK LIST NUMBERS « 729 569 571 . 570 . 1730 . 1961 . 2563 . 48 . 2195 . 3167 . 1022 . 1441 . 1962 - 730 . 1731 . 2484 . 2705 . 3363 . 1732 » 2777 . 572 . 2120 . 2973 . 1963 . 1278 . 1733 . 3112 . 2463 eee 2728-30 » 531 . 3239 9S . 1964 . 2197 . 2530 238 - Us . 2351 . 1400 - 225 . 1326 . 1734 . 2140 357 977 ITEM Connecticut, Map of . Connecticut Views Connoisseurs, The Conrad, R. T. Constellation and Pe tanahyent Constitution, U. S. Frigate Constitution and G'uerriere Constitution, Escape of . Constitution, Levant and Cyane Constantinople . Contemplation . Conway, Mr. and Mrs. Conwell, Henry Cook, James Cook, James, Death of Cook’s Voyages .. . Cooke, George Frederick Cooke, Monument of Cooper, Ezekiel . . .. . Cooper, J. Fennimore Cooper, Myles Cooper, Samuel Cooper, Thomas Cooper, Thomas oklntpe! Cooper, William Gormmeling, Bo. ke ck Cornwallis, Charles Marquis . Cortes, Ferdinando Cossack Horseman . INDEX CHECK LIST ARTIST ENGRAVER NUMBERS Allen . oe SF ee ee ee cs ee . 2662 (Caricature) Charles 337 tk eet Dodson . . 484 Savage . . Savage . , 2757-58 Lyon . . . Bowen 233 ae . Strickland- Hisas 1660, 3055 Birch Tiebout . 3206 »ewcere& . sLoogland . 1436 Strickland . Strickland . . 3054 ant eee Simonne . . 2900 Coupin . . Longacre . 2157 ety eda ae, WTAE . 3416 Neagle . . Bridport Q74 eet . Doolittle + ee . Hill . 1368 Rollinson . 2706 Scoles . 2778 « Beets. . 2856 . Shallus 4 . 2893 » « « « « «+ Seot & Alierdice :. . 2867 (Illustrations) Revere 2684. 85 (Illustrations) Shallus . 2899 DeWilde . Anderson ere: Leslie . Edwin . 734-36 Sully . Hdwin . 732 Dunlap . Leney . 1735 Durand . Durand . . 671 ai SR J.R. Smith . 2919 Otis . . Jones . . 1509 Paradise . Pru@homme . 2564 Blanchard . Dodson . 487 Mirbel . . Pelton Soh ka. . 2485 Po ae «, LORY Ne asian . 1736 er ee Norman . . 2329 Ingham . . Durand . 573 Leslie . Edwin 737 Wood . Edwin: . 36 a sehr Glog Oe. aa ER . 1269 Leslie . Lewis . 1914 Smibert . Pelham . 2464 Metcalf Longacre . 1965 ee Edwin foi T38 Jones . . 1510 Lawson . . 1679 Middleton . 2273 331 — ITEM Cottage Scene . 2B, Country Seats of U.S. . Courtship vs. Matrimony Cowell, Joseph . Cowen, E. ; Cowley, ‘Atrahac’ i Cowley, Mrs. Cowper, William Cowper, Mrs. Cox, Samuel H. Coxsackie, N. Y. Crabbe, George Crawford, John Crawford, William H. Crawford, Mrs. Creation of Eve Cristiani, Stephen Crocket, David Croes, John . Croghan, George . Cromwell, Oliver Cross, Jeremy L. . Cromwell’s Head Tavern . Croton Aqueduct, Views on Crouch, Mrs. Crown Point Fort Crown of New England Cruden, Alexander Cullen, William Cumberland, Duke of Cumberland, Duchess of Cumberland, Richard Cupid and Psyche Curran, John Philpot INDEX ARTIST Bigg . Sethe ao N siete : Deming Lawrence Romney Heins Paradise Jarvis . Roberts Persico . DeRose Paradise Walker . Lely . Morse Munger Tower Tower Graham Brown . Frey 332 ENGRAVER . Tiebout . Birch . Hamlin . . Durand . W.D. Smith . Scoles . Hill . Edwin . Gimbrede . Hill . Longacre . Maverick . Pekenino Maverick . Durand . . Leney . Longacre . Edwin . Durand . . Leney . Hdwin . Maverick . Durand . . Paradise . Boyd . - Boyd . . Gimbrede . Gimbrede . Pru@homme j . Scot & Allerdice . . Jocelyn . . Jocelyn . . Callender . Bennett . .) Ae . Leney . Johnston . G.G. Smith . Kneass Tucker . Rollinson . Leney . Leney . Edwin . Hdwinm Ft . Edwin... CHECK LIST NUMBERS . 3207 189-190 . 1253 . 574 . 2949 . 2779 . 1366 . %39 - 1046 . 1367 . 2136 . 2198 . 2437 . 2199 . 575 . 1882 . 2137 740 . 576 . 1737 . 931 . 2200 < oT . 2394 249 . 250 . 1048 . 1047 . 2565 . 2857 . 1532 . 1531 » « 892 128-134 . 1357 . 1738 . 1502 . 2914 . 1648 . 3303 . 2707 . 1739 . 1740 741 ITEM Curran, John Philpot Cutler, BC. . Cutler, Timothy Daggett, David Dalcho, Frederick Dale, Richard Dallas, Alexander J. . Dallas, George Mifflin Da Ponte, Lorenzo Darley, Ellen Westray . Darling Asleep Dartmouth College Dartmoor Prison . Davenport, John Davenport, Mrs. Davie, Wm. Richardson Dawes, Rufus Dearborn, Henry . Deblin, Miss Decatur, Stephen . Declaration of Independence . De Kalb Monument . Delancy, William H. | INDEX ARTIST Hopson Dickinson . Pelham . Wood Fraser . Wood Wood Stuart Stuart Harrison . Rogers . Doyle Dunlap Darley . Dana Dunham Roberts Vanderlyn Cranch . Peale Sully Birch Stuart Stuart Plantou Jarvis Sully Trumbull . Trumbull . Savage . Miils: 333 CHECK LIST ENGRAVER NUMBERS - Houston . 1458 Tiebout . 3168 » Pru@Vhomme . 2566 Pelham . . 2465 Jocelyn . . 1533 - Durand . ets . EHdwin 743 —T44 - Dodson nr ee) 480 - Goodman & Piggot . . 1129 . Leney . 1741 . Harrison . 1279 . Pekenino . 2452 - Hdwin . 145 . Leney . 1742 . Steel . . 3004 Edwin 928 . Bowen . 226 . Hill . 1401 . Doolittle . 632 - G.G. Smith . 2911 . Doolittle vate 2”) . Leney . 1743 . Longacre . 1966 . Pru@Vhomme . 2567 . Hdwin . T46 Tanner & Co. . 3111 Wright . 3416 . Durand . 579 . Hdwin relate . Edwin 748-749 Gimbrede . . 1049 Goodman & Piggot . . 1130 on LQUa es Callie cee . 1915 Osborn . 2376 . Pekenino . 2438 . Pru@homme . 2568 . Reed & Stiles . . 2658 . Strickland . . 3046 . Durand . 4 4 t2GTs . Pru@homme 2622-23 . Savage . 2759 . Stone . . 3045 . Hill . 1327 . Dodson 486 ITEM Delano, Amasa . Delaware Peninsula . Delaware River Delaware Water Gap Dempster, John Dennie, Joseph . Dennie Memorial . D’Eon Chevalier “Deputy Commissioner’s Guide” Derby, Countess of Derwent Water Descent from Cross Despotism Vanquished . De Sacy, Silvestre Devon, Pa. : z Dexter, Lord Timothy INDEX ARTIST (Map) . Birch Durand Birch Wall Fairman Rubens Birch Peele Dexter, Lord Timothy— Residence . Dick, Thomas Dickinson, John Dickinson College, Pa. Dillwyn, George Dismal Swamp, Va. . Dilworth, Thomas Dock-cleaning Machine . Dodd, William . Doddridge, Philip Doge’s Palace, Venice Donoughmore, Lord . D’Orsay, Alfred Dorsey, John Syng Drake, J. Rodman Drais, Baron Charles de Draper, Sir William . Drayton, William Henry Dryden, John Dress Duche, Jacob Duff, Mrs. Duff, John Brackenridge Inman Sully Rodgers Reading Neagle . Neagle . Williams 334 CHECK LIST ENGRAVER NUMBERS . Wightman... . . 3355 . Dawkins . . . . %) 466 .. Tucker. «ss Seth ae . Durand’... a eet ate . Strickland... . . S066 . Paradise .. « « 9395 : Goodman & Piggot eres ® bs)! . Fairman onda eee - Norman. . « «1 -« Sa50 . Sparrow <0) whip Meee - Leney oon 5 — Seymott oi teu pee © Deney oi canen th use . Tisdale . . . « « » 3269 . Pelton ¢ ai se . Birch... ee eee ~ Akin’... + Seth eee . Paradise .; «+. . «2a06 . JR. Smith ee Tucker. asiast® eae . Smither.. . <2. eee Tanner. «6.0 tien vee . Bdwm « «4 sia eee - Maverick . .. . . 2939 . Anderson . . GuG sale . Maverick 4.0.1 % up eee . Tanner oa. is Se eee Chorley ©...) + gates see . Edwin a1 ie aoe . Reed... iiecehed ae eee . Barkete « 3) eS eae . Deny 2°. oo eee Yeager . «9 wee are Goodman & Pliage 1132-34 . Kelly, soa eee Clay... 3 ee Hatnes se i See 1196 Wright. vs. <3 . Kellyig is th eee » autueers . DOng@ere a.) 5 eee (Caricature) . Akin 2 5 4°. 50a . Malcom... . . » 2166 . Longacre . . . 5 + BaGT . Durand 4.4.08 ee ee Edwin-Boyd ... . "51 INDEX ITEM ARTIST ENGRAVER NUMBERS Pee rOrnO a ves... ome . Edwin rien) oie er. 2964 Seepere Nae” . oe... Meanceors. . Edwins. » . . . . 732 Duncan, Admiral . - Tanner& Co. . . . . 38112 Dunstaffage Castle Le saree). Harrizon,. Rin 41982 Duplantier Mansion, La. . . Bitehoracsa die gt. boa 220k Durand, Asher Brown Waldo a7 owett Pekenino :.. . . 2439 eee AS we oe «> LOGIONESS 2 5 488 rrr MmaMibere e.g ee ei. « ESTE). wwe vw » 1871 Dafoe. gles (Racehorse). Wright ... . . . S417 Dwight, Timothy ‘ Jocelyn’... ..'.. 1684-35 Trumbull . . Leney - LTAT Wood . Leney . 1746 Eagle Tavern, Albany ott baa . Kneass . 1661 Eaglesfield, Pa. Mason . . Childs . 361 Hast River, N. Y. . Leney . 1883 Ser an - Maverick . 2240 Eastburn, Joseph . Otis . .. Clay. . 892 Bowman . Frederick . 1017 Otis . Otis . 2384 Eaton, John H. Longacre . . Longacre . 1968 Eaton, William ae ee. Hamlin . . 1229 Doyle . Snyder . 2990 Echo, Pa.. . . Birch . Birch . . 195 “Echo, The” . otk . Leney . 1905 Eden Vale, Mass. Edes . Hill . » » 1404 Edgeworth, Maria : ated eos > WAGMAN: . 42.0. Ge SSO Edgeworth, MAte-aasidence Edgeworth . Childs ..... . 362 Beimperen wa. . Craig . . Caompbelin cat TY line) S01 Schetky . . Drayton. . ... . 548 | avant). Warnecke oni )..crec 8861 HWadward, Princeof Wales... .... . . Leney 2. wu... 1748 Seerencerya Gorey... ! etn. Pdwine’ . wenn’ T od 188 Edwards, Jonathan et a a ey | . Annin & Smith 106 Doolittle it. SAS . Edwin . 756-57 - Jocelyn . 1536-37 - Reed . 2649 —50 A, ky at - W.D. Smith . 2951 Egypt... wars (Map) . - Poupard : . 2553 Elbequier at ae See. nd co WaeEN, « TIBOR «8. ss -o. ¢ BBOS Eleazer Draggedto Torture . ...... Allon. ...... 38 Election Scene in Phila. Krimmel . . Lawson... . . . 1692 RGMGret a ees wee |e) 1. a cewoxeeets .. Mdtoin eos 6 SD yp i986 335 ITEM Elgin Botanic Garden Elijah and the Widow’s Son . Eliot, Sir John . Elisha and the Shunianiteed Elizabeth, Queen . Elizabeth . Elk, The . Elliott, E. Elliott, Jesse Duncan Ellison, Thomas Ellsworth, Oliver . Ely, Ezra Stiles Elysian Bower, Pa. Embury, Mrs. Emmeline Emmet, Thomas Addis ¢ Emmons, Nathaniel . Emmons, Richard Emory, John INDEX ARTIST Reinagle Simond . Le Suer Pine . Fairman . Trumbull . Trumbull . Otis . Birch Morse Badger Longacre . I fs Emporium of Arts and Sciences (Title-page) Epicurus . - Epochs of Pintary Erie Canal, Views on Erie Canal Celebration . Errington, John Erskine, Alexander Erskine, Thomas . FKsten, Mrs. . Etna, Summit of Eugene, Prince of Savoy Euripides Eustis, William Evarts, Jeremiah . Eve and the Serpent . Ewing, John Ewing, J.S. . Cosway Cosway DeWilde Williams M Ae Morse Fairman 336 ENGRAVER . Leney . Leney . Eddy . . Prudhomme Longacre . Edwin .. Leney Seymour Osborn Tiebout . Ellis . Pru@homme . Edwin . Fairman . Hdwin . Maverick Childs . Birch. . Dodson . . Barralet . . J.R. Smith . . Pelton . Longacre . Jones . . Longacre Edwin . Durand . Wilson-Eddy . . Hill . Maverick-Morin . . Leney Tiebout . Maverick . Murray . . Leney . Harrison . Leney . Longacre . Annin & Smith - Chorley . . Longacre Pelton . Akin . . Edwin . Childs . 2570 . 2156 . 9571 . 2201 CHECK LIST NUMBERS . 1884 . 1885 690 756 . 1749 . 2873 . BIT . 3169 980 757 987 758 344 196 507 121 . 2920 . 2486 . 1969 . 1512 . 1970 949 581 . 3400 1329 —32 ITEM Fall of Fyers Falls of the Sawkill Falstaff [Syon5 Family Electioneering . Famous Mountain, China . Fandango, The . Farm-Yard, etc. Farren, Miss F Fayetteville. .... Female Character, Letters on Fenelon Fennell, James . Ferguson, Adam Ferrand, Marie Louis Fielding, Henry Fillmore, Millard . Findley, Mary . Finland View Finley, James B. Finley, Samuel. . Finley Chain Bridge . Finney, Charles G. Fire-Engine, American Fire-Engine, New York Fireman’s Certificate Fisher, Alexander M. Fisher, Clara Fisher, James Fishkill, N. Y. . Fisk, Pliny . Fisk, Wilbur Fitch’s Steamboat Fitz, Henry . rae Flat Rock Dam, Pa. . Flavel, John . Flechere, John W. dela . INDEX 337 ARTIST ENGRAVER etree . Kneass Bennett - Durand . Fuseli . . Leney (Caricature). Charles - Lawson . - Seymour weet. Prenchard. . Ramberg . . Leney Shaw Hill (Title-page) . Longacre Vivien . . Clarke eee - Gaw . Vivien . - Pelton Wood - Boyd . Doyle . Snyder Reynolds . . Tucker oe amines . EHdwin Hogarth - Leney oi. eee - Tucker . Steel . - Boyd . Rete ey een Tanner Paradise .. . Durand . ok de cae es 10) ee ODA Strickland . Tanner Spencer . Paradise . Folwell » will . Maverick PPR at ne Godwin . Robertson . Maverick pe ce . J.R. Smith . Morse . Jocelyn . Inman . . Bennett . . Scoles . Hill AAC ys . Hoogland Paradise . Paradise Scere . Trenchard . Linen . W.D. Smith Doughty . Steel . cs SNE . Reed . . J.R. Smith . . Edwin . Pru@homme CHECK LIST NUMBERS - 1665 . 675 . 1908 - 332 . 1701 - 2892 . 3288 . 1753 . 1343 . 2148 . 398 . 1029 . 2488 . 251 . 2991 . 3305 . 9 . 1754 . 3306 . 3005 - 252 . 3125 582 . 760 . 3126 - 2397 - 1008 . 1347 . 2265 . 1118 . 2257 . 2940 . 1538 . 122 . 2780 . 1340 . 1420 . 2398 . 3289 . 2952 . 3038 . 2651 . 2941 . 761 . 2572 ITEM Fletcher, John . Fletcher, Mary . Floral Magazine Florida, History of Floyd, William . Folwell, Dicky . Fontenelle Forrest, Edwin Forster, Anthony . Fort Crown Point Fort Erie, Siege of ‘ Fort McHenry, Battle of . Fort McHenry, Bombardment DT is ae Fort Miller, N. Y. . Fort Montgomery . Fort Moultrie, Attack on Fort Niagara Fort Oswego Fort Putnam Fort Sandusky . Fort Ticonderoga . Fortune Hunter, The Fothergill, John Fountain Green, Pa. . Fox, Charles James Fox, George . Francis I—France Francis, John W. . Francis, Sir Philip Francis, William . Francis, Mrs. William Francisco, Peter Francke, A. H. . Se ath Frankfort State House, Ky. . Franklin, Benjamin . INDEX ARTIST CHECK LIST NUMBERS . Pekenino ... . . 2440 - Gimbrede . . . . . 1050 > «0. wt oe Longaera ae ee (Title-page) . Longacre ... . . 2158 (Illustrations) Romans... . . . 2735 + + 0 e 6+ Durand] 73 See (Caricature). Akin . . ..... J ‘ Clarke... <5 St, Maes ENGRAVER Neagle . . Durand . . « S27 684 Marling . Goodman & Piggot . . 1185 ous Doe . Johnston. . «2 eso? Douglas Vallance 2 ies a, beeen ok ~ Bower a. i eee . Harrison . . « . . 1814 Strickland . Kneass ... . . . 1658 . Bihs. ~o.c Pee eee . ihe .>. yee ae . Abernethte . os ss 2 . Strickland . . . . «3056 .. Clarke. « TSR Rae . Strickland . . . . . 3057 (Map) Weir . Durand. « 21% 42eT6 sited Mure . Strickland . sa>5 98058 Reinagle . Fairman vo OAL. Set Cole. we... Kearny. eee Wall . Maverick 5 es igh BREE 7. e ow Callender, 3a. 2a ees . Clarke -.. . . . « 2/400 weak . Smtther = ey Pa eea7a Birch . Bitches <i. see coe aie . Boyd ys «643 a eee . Edwin. % vee ae . Kelly «. . . eae . Prudhomme .. . . 2619 mies - Bowen =. . .) ees Titian . Anderson 52 Herring . Pru@homme . 2573 Barta eo . Brown 279 Neagle . . Longacre 1974 Neagle . . Longacre 1975 Barralet . Edwin 921 . Longacre . 1976 . Scoles . 2831 Akin . 15 338 ITEM Franklin, Benjamin . Franklin— Reeve . Franklinville, Ky. . Frederick II — Prussia INDEX ARTIST Halloway . Longacre . Peale Martin . Martin . Martin . Chamberlin Martin . Martin . Martin . Wilson . Martin . Janinet Peale Janinet Martin . Martin . Cochin . Croome Martin . Martin . 339 CHECK LIST ENGRAVER NUMBERS Allardice «2... 6 Al . Anderson .. Fae OL . Bannerman. . . 114-15 . Dodiow .- -. FR eae o. Bae ee ees 1S Maen 2° a SES » RTO. RR eS Gobrecht’ . 2... 1110 . Goodman & Piggot 1186-37 Pam a fi) 3. cea at ana wren teekn! cas 1s 3g) oy hl GARGS LOIRE. et ee . Hamlin 220 2. 1980 » -darrison: : oS erl 286 FE a aie Oe W.R. Jones es oe... 2 16 « Kelly: oc. O71 eet x OS . Longacre . 1977-79, 2110 Longacre ... . . 1981 Longacre ... . . 1980 . Maverick-Durand .. 585 . P.R. Maverick . . . 2259 . S.Maverick . . . . 2267 . Marray. 2 eerie. 28286 . Norman... . 2331-32 OULD eo vera hai cae oa ee . Pekenino .. . 2441=42 . Pelton . . «2489, 2580 « Perking -.* Ee Peas . Savage. . SORIA UR TAG « Beetles. owe 4 RIBI- BA W.D.Smith .'. . . 9953 TQRREE. 0 Rea SUen Tanner .. . . 3088-98 Thackara & Vallance . 3146 Throop ..°. « «*« 8156 . Tecket 3 eS a a eee Warnicke .. . . . 3350 Wightman... . . 3358 Willard . , . .. . S371 Willard... . .”. «| . 3392 Woodruff ... . . 3402 Young & Delleker . . A79 Maverick ... . . 2203 TORNBES OS ae a en BU As. « rw ene eae ITEM Frederick William III and Queen » heettendos Freemasons Charity School Fuller, Andrew Fuller, William Fulton, Robert . Fulton First, Launch of _ Fulton’s Ferry Boat . Furman, Garrit Gage’s Lines, Boston Gaines, Edmund P. Gallatin, Albert Gamble, Thomas Gano, Stephen . Gansevoort, Peter Garnett, Thomas Garrettson, Freeborn Garrick, David . Gaston, William Gates, Horatio . Gay, John . Genius of Penmanship George I—England . George II— England George III—England INDEX ARTIST Carter . Ingham West West-Emmet Barralet Cummings Jarvis Gimbrede . Waldo Partridge . Young . Partridge . Stuart Smith Paradise Paradise Paradise Cooke Stuart Robertson Beechey 340 ENGRAVER Edwin . Leney Cone . Gobrecht . Durand . . Leney Leney Longacre . Pelton Tanner Leney Durand . Aitken . Longacre . Jones . Longacre Annin & Smith . Hamlin. . . Pekenino . Pru@homme . Leney . Danforth . Durand . . Pru@homme . EHdwin . Durand . Edwin Norman . Tiebout . Gimbrede Pekenino . Maverick . Allardice Edwin Maverick . Allardice . Boyd . . Leney . Allardice . Boyd . . Haines Leney . Longacre CHECK LIST NUMBERS oo 6S 1886-87 . 420 . 1111 . . 586 1755-56 . L157 . 1982 . 2490 . 3131 . 1888 587 ITEM George IV — England George, Prince of Wales Gerbua, The . Gerrald, Joseph Gerry, Elbridge Gessner, Solomon . Giants Causeway . Gibbon, Edward Gibson, James . Gifford, William Gillies, John . Gilpin, Henry D. Gilpin’s Mills, Pa. Girard, Stephen Glendy, John Glenn’s Falls Gloucester, Jeremiah Gloucester, John . Gloucester, Wm. Fred., Prine of. Goldsmith, Oliver . Goodall, Mrs. Goodrich, Jesse W. Gough, Miss Governor’s Guard . Grafton, Joseph Grafton, Duke of . Graham, Isabella . INDEX ARTIST Wivell Lawrence . Vanderlyn heynolds . Reynolds . Reynolds . Trott Bogle Inman . Doughty (Caricature) . Otis e Lawrence . Robinson . Reynolds . Reynolds . Reynolds . Reynolds . Reynolds . DeWilde Graham Clay . Goodrich Jarvis 341 CHECK LIst ENGRAVER NUMBERS . Hoogland 1421 . Longacre . 1986 . Willard .-. . 3372 . Leney . 1761 . Revere . 2687 . Tanner . 3090 . Longacre ‘1987- 88 . J.R. Smith . - » 2921 . Hdwin . 769-70 . Harrison . 1295 . Tanner . 3128 . Durand . 590 . Lawson . . 1681 . Pelton . . 9401 : Goodman § Piggot 2088 . Hdwin : 771 Chapin . 3805 . Tucker . 3308 . Dodson . 490 . Steel . . 3038 Charles . 313 . Longacre . 1989 . Hill . 1340 Tiller . . 3240 Tanner-Jones . . 1514, 3091 . Leney . 1875 . Hdwin 772 . Ellis . 969 . Hoogland . 1422 . DLeney . 1762 . Longacre . 1990 . Longacre . 1980 . Neagle . 2304 . Pelton - 2492 . Pekenino . 2445 . Poupard . 2551 . Seymour . 2874 . Steel . . 3006 . Leney . 1763 . Pelton . 2493 . Leney . 1764 . Childs 364 . Annin & Smith . 98 . Haines . 1200 . DLeney . 1765 ITEM Graham, Isabella . Granby, Marquis of . Grand Chartreuse . Gray, Thomas Gray’s Ferry, Pa. . Green Hill, Pa. . Green, Samuel . Green, Mr. .. Greene, Nathaniel . Greenwoods, Conn. Grenoble, France . Grenville, George . Grey, Miss Grey, Lady Jane Griffin, EK. D. 5. Griswold, Alexander v. Grove, Henry Gueule d’Enfer, Bridge on Gurney, ‘Thomas Hackett, James H. Haddril’s Point, S. C. Hadley’s Falls . Hallam, Mrs. Lewis Hamilton, Alexander INDEX ARTIST Jarvis . Jarvis Lehman Peale Hoffman Peale Peale Bonnetheau . Northcote . Wood Inman . Thomson Woolaston. Inman . Fraser . Dunlap . Sharpless . Dopvachi Field Trumbull . Robertson Cerrachi 342 . Leney CHECK LIST ENGRAVER NUMBERS . Leney-Valentine . . . 3337 . Rollinson . . +. . » 9108 . Hatnes . oh ea eee . Harrison . . « % 1807-8 . Longacre . . . . +. 9185 . Pekenino ... . . 2446 . Ttebout . .enhiniieeee . Steel... 5 72) eee ee Trenchard . 3290-91 - Mill . ~ soe ss 1405 . Pelton ... . . « Q494 - Seymour 4. . 9... « 2876 . Edwin . 101, 773 Gimbrede ... . . 1052 . Longacre . sniew. qoages- Neagle .... «xjmill, 2. Seceees . Norman... . . « 9334 3252-53 Trenchard . - 3274 Willard . » > oO? Trenchard . . . « ~ 3292 Kearny... . « » « 1687 Tisdale . =Hames.. . . sees eee . Alls... dite Se Jocelyn . « +) «\ «> « 1689 . Longacre ... . . 1991 . DLeney... iith dae ee Dodson. 6. «2, Foe . Longacre... .s «3 aoe « LORY ooo) ie oe Kearny... s « « A688 . Birch oui. i . Durand 4. «a 3 eee . Bill vi i ae . Bill, oe ee eee . Tiebout..” so eee . Anderson. ws ss oe ee Cook ... . . seep eee . Durand . © seal wopeeee? . Fairman .... « 988 . Bield. . .. Bigat) fee . Graham . .. » . ~» A163 Graham . ... . . 1164 1769-70 ITEM Hamilton, Alexander Hamilton, James . Hamilton Memorial . Hamilton Monument Hamilton, Lady Hamline, L. L. . Hampden, John Hampton, Md. . . Hampton Beach, Mass. . Hancock, John . Hand-in-Hand Soc. Hannah, John . Hannum, William Hanson, Alex. Contee Haralson, H. A. eee oe 8 Harmon, Daniel Wm. Harper’s Ferry, Va. . Harrisburg, Pa.—Capitol . Harrison, William H. Hart, N.C. Hartford, Conn. Hartford Convention Hartley, Mrs. Harvard College Harvey, William . Harwood, John Edmund INDEX ARTIST Ames Ames Robertson Robertson Robertson Strickland Romney Pine . Birch Kidder . Copley . Copley . ‘. Paradise Graham Jarvis Hicholiz Schroeder . . Doughty Doughty Lambdin . Wood Hott . Paradise Barber . (Caricature) . . Leney : . Annin & Smith . Bowen Roberts Fisher Fisher Fisher Field. 343 ENGRAVER . Leney - Hoogland . Jones . Middleton . . Pru@homme . Rollinson Rollinson Tanner Longacre Scoles . Plocher Gimbrede . Pru@homme Prudhomme . Birch . . Bowen Longacre . Norman . . Pelton . Revere fetes slo. s Seymour (Certificate) . . Danforth . Leney . Edwin Strickland . Kelly . Pekenino . Leney Steel . Tucker Frederick . Dodson . Jones . . Pelton Tanner & Co. Willard . . Paradise . Willard . Charles Torrey . Jones . . Edwin CHECK LIST NUMBERS - 1768 . 1423 - 1515 . 2272 . 2576 . 2709 . 2710 . 3092 . 2120 . 2833 . 2546 . 1053 ~ 2577 . 2578 198 oa eS 1994-96 - 2335 . 2495 . 2668 . 2871 . 3067 . 442 . 1771 . TTA . 1604 ~ 247 - 1772 . 3028 . 3321 . 1018 - 492 . 1516 . 2496 . 3111 . 3373 . 2399 . 3396 . 333 ~ 1773 109 . 229 . 3273 . 1517 115 ITEM Hauser, Casper Haverstock Hill Hawes, Joel . : Hawkesworth, John . Hayne, Robert Y. . Heath, William Heber, Reginald Hedding, Elijah Hell-Gate, N. Y. Helmuth, J. H.C. . Helvetius . Hemans, Felicia Henderson, Mr. Henley, John Henlopen Lighthouse Henry, Mr. ‘ Henry, Matthew Henry, Patrick . Henry IV— England Henry IV —France Henry V—England . Henry VIII—England . Hermitage, The Hervey, James . Heseltine, James . Hewes, George R. T. . Hewes, Joseph . Heyward, Thomas Hibbard, B. Hibernian Soutety, Phila. Hibernian Society, S. C. Hicks, Elias . Hidden, Samuel Highlands on Hudson INDEX ARTIST Freebairn . Hewins . Longacre . Williams Paradise Pine . Shaw Barr . Otis . Ramberg . W oolaston Sully Birch ee ; H ee a (Certificate) . Fairman Imman . Doughty B44 CHECK LIST ENGRAVER NUMBERS . Pelton . 2497 . Childs . 865 . Pelton . 2498 . Edwin . . T6 . Longacre . 1997 . Norman . . 2336 . JR. Smith . . 2922 . Longacre . 2137 . Durand . . 693 . Pru@homme . 2579 . Hill . 1343 . Tiebout . Y . . 3210 ‘ Goodman § Piggo seta LIS . Clark . . AO] . Pelton . 2499 . Leney / 1th . Leney - 1175 Trenchard . . 3293 Tiebout . . 3174 Chorley . . 390 Kearny . . 1566 . Longacre . 1998 . Morse . 2278 . Leney . 176 . Edwin : ara bi | . Scot & Allardice . . 2858 . Galland . : . 1023 . . Boyd . . 256 . . Deney ~ 1017 . Leney . 1778 . Steel . . 8029 Tanner 3093 . Gaw . 1030 . Leney 1779 . Anderson 54 Kearny . 1567 . Longacre 1999 . Danforth 443 Houston . 1468 . Anderson 65 . Childs 346 . Maverick . 2205 . Steel . . 8007 . Dearborn - . A Tucker . 3320 ITEM Hilson, Ellen Augusta . Hilson, Thomas Hill, George H. Hill, Rowland . Hill, Lord Rowland . Hills’ Drawing Book . Hill-Tops, The . Hiscox, Thomas Hitchcock, Enos Hobart, John Henry . Hoboken, N. J. . Hodgkinson, John Hodgkinson, Mrs. John Hohenlohe, Prince Gustavus . Holcombe, Henry . Holley, Horace. Hollis, Thomas . Holman, Mr. ‘ Holmes, Henry . Holyoke, Edward . Homer. . Hone, Philip Honeyman, James Hook, Theodore E. Hoole, John . Hooper, William . Hopkins, Samuel . Hopkinson, Francis . Horace Horne, George . Horry, Elias ae Horry, Mary Shubrick . Horry, Thomas Horsley, Samuel INDEX CHECK LIST ARTIST ENGRAVER NUMBERS: Neagle . . . Durand. .... . 6594 Neagle . . . Durand. .... . 595 Pwibitign ws! .. Kelly... = Saat 2.1608 Mot me his es LeOngaere derogit.. < 8188 « )Seolea |: . recon of tee STS «) BOOtda es, “Daskeren ey oeBRO of AE ee po a.) QR, ISAS Callender . .. . . 294 OROG 5 sb neo . 2371 soaepesecet’ .: . Homlen. 3. ° eed re 1233- 34 Paradise . . Mam... . . ... 9161 Paradise . . Paradise . .. . . 2400 Births... <<, BW ess dave eae lan Groombridge Leney ..... .1%80 ae een es. SaOlée ie ate ny. OTRG Dunlap. . . Tiebout . ... . 3175 Shy od ee win. a. 2 A NOOO Maga oka 3176-77 Dunlap i . Tiebouti tice). ie er BUT «oat teh? . Demgaeré inca tt “ers rear 2000 OOM gos Se 2a ee jc.< Adee . 2 ORDO 62 oS Rss. we al00e Staartavess.. Kelly cu) Jie 1606 Pélhamins® . Péelham> =... . < 9466 Grahams. Loney... « s+ « « 181 ep oe ary, SOmguere om 3. GOCE siti chek PQ 6 a oa dd ol GABE Desierto . Bdwitee ow eS TTY . Johnston .... . 1487 <: LOR BY RECAST hahaa th sn TBO Siete. Mavertohics.28 2, 36nd 2208 Peale. oe Dardnds. Saber) i606 GO oe a UGG. Se 5 OSTR Seed SE OAGOR eS) iat ns, SARS it ue ee.) Maverick. ©... . BROT . Pelham... . Pelham... . . +» 2468 Ga Mee} « ACER af. Vwedy., - 2652 Pine. .¢.) . Bongactéei ii 2002- 3 Pine. . . . Longacre-Nesmith . . 2317 . Rollinson... . . 2711 oes ew a Ts Comnbredé.. 3. ties eek OG Olwer . . . Longacre .. . . . 2604 Frazer... .. . Longacre oe a.0y 4; 2005 Frazer: . . Longacre .. . . . 2006 Praverives. Steel yoo. . . . . 3008 Dighton .. Leney .... . . 1783 345 ITEM Horses . . Horton, James . Hosack, David . Hosmer, Harriet C. Hottentot Woman Houston, Samuel . Howard, John . Howard, John Eager Howe, Ad. Richard Hubbard, Nehim . Hudson, Seth Hudson, N.Y. . Hudson River . Hudson Highlands Hudson, U.S. Frigate . Hudson, near Fishkill Hudson and Mohawk Rivers . Hugh Capet. . Hughes, John Hull, Isaac Hull, Mr. . Humane Society, Phila. Humboldt, Alex. von Hume, David Humphrey, David Hunt, James H. Leigh Hunter, John Hunter, William Huntington, Samuel . Huntington, S. . Hurd, Nathaniel 4 INDEX ARTIST Byrd . Sully Harding Shumway . Robertson . Fraser . Wall (Map) . Kneller Stuart . Stuart . Williams DeWilde Roberts Graham (Certificate) . Jacobs . Reynolds . (Medal ) Severn . Edwards Hurlstone 346 . Lawson . «2. s\n Gee . Leney ..... « 1788 . Longacre ... . . 2007 CHECK LIST ENGRAVER NUMBERS . Hill 1336-39 . W.D. Smith - 2954 . Durand . . + vo. 3) 697 . Pelton . 2500 . Scoles . 2854 . Pelton - . . 2501 . Thackara & Vallance . 3147 . Pru@homme .. 2580 . Tanner & Co. . 3112 . Jocelyn . . 1540 . Hurd. . 1475 . Hill . 1340 Cooke . 483 - Graham . hE%2 . Hill . 1341 . Hewitt <a . Bennett . 2°. 35 oe ee . Steel . . 3038 . Maverick . 2242 - Galland . - 1021 . Leney . 1784 . Edwin . 780-82 . Graham . . 1165 . J.R. Smith . . 2923 . Strickland . . 3047 . Leney . 1785 . Leney . 1786 . Leney . 1787 Smither . . 2983 . Pru@homme . 2581 . Boyd . Q57 Scot & Allardice . . 2859 . Maverick ... . « 2958 . Edwin . 783 . Pru@homme - 2582 Yeager . 3492 . Durand « . . . .) . 698 . Jones . . 1518 . Longacre . 2008 . Hoogland - 1424 . Pelton . 2502 . Jennys (?). . . 1482 ITEM Hutton, John S. Hyde, Alvan Hymn Tunes Tlay . Are Indian Mounds . Indian Pipes ae Indian Queen Hotel . Infancy of Scottish Music . Ingalls, William Ingham, Samuel D. Inglis, James Irving, Edward Irving, Washington Isis Magna Mater . Iturbide, Augustin de Jackson, Andrew . INDEX ARTIST Elwell . (Title-page) . Livingston Cosway Williams Longacre . Wood Newton Leslie (Caricature) . Wood . Wheeler Dodge Vanderlyn Wood Wheeler Wood Earl . Sully Wood Longacre . Waldo . Wood Jarvis Earl . 347 CHECK LIST ENGRAVER NUMBERS . Longacre . 2009 Pelton . 2503 Allen . 34 . Seymour . 2890 Gridley . 1185 Tiebout . 3211 Maverick . 2264 Harrison . 1315 Edwin «939 . Lavigne . . 1675 . Longacre . 2010 Throop . , . 3156 . Jocelyn-Munson . . 1541 . Annin & Smith age SOR - Danforth » 444-45 Kneass . 1649 . Willard . . 3374 . Edwin 924, . Durand . 599 Akin . 16 Childs 347 . Edwin P 784: . Hdwin-Murray 855 | . Danforth 446 . Dearborn ATA . Durand . es 600 Fairman & Childs 989 Gimbrede 1055-57 Goodman & Piggot . . 1140 . Harrison , . 1287 . Kearny = bee . Kelly . . 1607 Longacre . 2014, 2020 . Longacre . 2012 Longacre - 2015, 2018 . Longacre 2013, 2016-17 . Longacre . 2011, 2019 . Maverick . 2208 Mawerick . 2209 . Moore . 2276 . Phillips . . 2541 Pru@homme . 2583 Reed & Stiles . . 2652 ITEM Jackson, Andrew . Jackson, David . Jackson, James Jaebbs Bi ow ee Vege James I— England James II—England . James, Thomas C. . James River, Va. . Jay, John . Jay, William Jefferson, Joseph . Jefferson, J., and F. Blisset Jefferson, Thomas INDEX ARTIST Wood Wood Robertson . Wood Fraser . Stuart Fairman Stuart Stuart Stuart . Bramwhite Neagle . Leslie (Caricature) . Peale Peale Stuart Stuart (Caricature) . Otis . Stuart Smith Otis . . Stuart Savage . Peale 348 CHECK LIST ENGRAVER NUMBERS W.D. Smith . 2955 . Steel . . 3009 . Strickland . . 3048 Tanner & Co. . 8111 Willard « wl Sere . Bdwin. . . Gea eeeoe . Maverick » « » 2210 . Annin oo 3. Ve ees . Scot & Allardice . . 2860 . Scot & Allardice . . . 2861 Neagle . « 2305 Childs... \. 22 G.ieees . Darand . . «#mibgeeees Hooker . . « 1442 . Leney 1789 —90 Maverick . 2211 Tiebout . . . 3179 . Durand... « « Gene Edwin). 2." CORRS Johnston : . 1488 Edwin 3). 3 koe eT: Akin. .. to Apes . Akin& Harrison. . . 17% . Hdwin» «29. ene » Bdwitt«. 160 aa ae . Edwin . 788, 855 . Field . . 1001 Field . . - 1005 Gimbrede 1058-59 Gridley . . 1180 . Harrison . 1988 Kelly . . 1608 . Longacre 2021-23 . Longacre : - 2025 . Longacre-Meyer . . 2024 Maverick . 2219 . Neagle . 2306 . Pelton . 2504 . Pelton . . 2530 . Rawdon . . 2637 . Savage . 2746 . Scoles . 2787 Tanner . 3094 Tiebout . + Leg Tiebout . 3180-81 ITEM Jefferson, Thomas Jemappe, Battle of Jenkins, John . Jenyns, Soame . Jerningham, Edward Jerusalem Jesus Christ . John Bull at Alexandria John Bull and Brother Jona- than . a John Bull and Columbia John Bull in Cockpit John Bull in Distress John Bull’s Frolic John Bull and Hornets . John Bull and the Wasp John Bull,Wasp and Hornets John Bull at Baltimore . John Bull at New Orleans . John Bulland Perry. . . John Bull and Ship-Baker Johnson, Richard M. Johnson, R. M., Charge of Johnson, Samuel, of N. Y. Johnson, Samuel Johnston, Josiah S. Jones, Absalom INDEX ARTIST Buck Craig Craig Correggio . Guido (Caricature) . (Caricature) . (Caricature) . (Caricature) . (Caricature) . (Caricature) . (Caricature) . (Caricature) . (Caricature) . (Caricature) . (Caricature) . (Caricature) . (Caricature) . Wood Wood Reynolds . Brown . King Peale 349 CHECK LIST ENGRAVER NUMBERS Willard . 3376-77 Woodruf’ . . 3406 Tisdale . 3270 . Leney . 1791 . Maverick . 2213 . Houston . 1459 . Leney . 1792 Kelly . . 1634 . Main . . 2164 Gimbrede . 1106 . Paradise . 2416 Pekenino ... . . 2458 CLROTIORL aire. i, SIE RGSS SO a 4 eS ageless ee RS Charles? icc. ts $ gore eBI9 Dootittie.... {2 308, .c00584 Thackara 3152 Charlee 6 2 a. 880 Charles: 0 aretha B21 Chariog. 4) 8 eeeeeG Charles 317 Charles 318 Charles 322 Charles . 315 . Harrison 1280 Neagle 9307 . Rawson . 2638 . Leney : . « 1794 ee os Oa eS Tok IS . Edwin 790-92 . Fairman pal 990 Goodman & Piggot . . 1141 . iil ; . 1371 . Kelly . 1609 . Leney 1793 . Longacre 1980 . Maverick 2014 . Pelton . 2505 . Schwartz . « 2766 Scoles 2788-89 Steel . . 3010 . Longacre 2027 . Jones . . 1519 ITEM Jones, George Jones, Jacob Jones, John . Jones, John Paul . Jones, Sir William Jones Falls, Md. Jonson, Ben . Josephus Flavius . Judgment Hall, Jerusalem Judson, Ann H. Juniata River Junius . Jura Mountains Justice Kaffir Woman Kean, Charles Kean, Edmund . Keith, Isaac Stockton Kelly, Lydia Kelly, Mrs. Kemble, John Philip . Kemble, Mrs. S. Kemp, James Ken, Thomas Kennedy, William M. Kent, James . Kenton, Simon . Kenyon College Kilpin, S. . Killarney, Lake King, Rufus INDEX ARTIST A gate Peale Peale Peale Devis Shaw Rogers . Rogers . Doughty Corbould . Corbould . Neagle . Smith Neagle . DeWilde Stuart . DeWilde Peale Loggan . Spencer Morgan Nash Stuart Wood 350 CHECK LIST ENGRAVER NUMBERS . Durand . 603 . EHdwin 193 . Delleker . 480 . Leney 1795 . Longacre - 2026 Paradise . 2401 . Pru@homme . 2584 . Rawdon & Co. 2643 . Haines 1203 Hill 1343 . Longacre 2140 . Durand . 604 Maverick . 2215 Neagle 2308 . Scoles . 2790 . W.D. Smith . 2956 . Peabody . . 2422 Cone . 421 Dodson . 493 . Longacre . 2028 . Ellis 978 . Anderson 55 Pekenino . 2448 . Seymour - 2890 Clarke 418 . Scoles . 2852 . Goodman 1121 . Jocelyn-Munson . . . 1542 Goodman & Piggot . . 1142 . Longacre . 2029 . Leney 1796 Edwin 795 . Houston . 1460 . Leney 1797 . Schwartz . 2767 . Humphrys . . 1471 W.D. Smith . 2957 . Durand . 605 . Dodson . 494 . Hamm 1259 Jocelyn . 1543 . Harrison . 1296 . Kelly . 1610 Leney 1798 ITEM King Henry VI Kneeland, Abner . Knight, Nehemiah R. Knowles, James D. Knox, Henry Knox, John . Knox, Vicesimus . Koenigstein, Saxony . Kollock, Henry Kosciuszko, Thaddeus Kosciuszko’s Monument Kotzebue, A. F. F. von. Koutousoff, Prince ‘La Couture, Madame Lafayette, Marquis de Laight, Col., Camp of Lake Champlain, Battle of Lake Erie, Battle of . INDEX ARTIST Miller Young . Doyle Peale Stuart Savage . Oliver Douglass Grassi Scheffer Ingham Scheffer Scheffer Paon Peale Reinagle 351 CHECK LIST ENGRAVER | NUMBERS - Michel-Leney . . 1909 ET aera. ates Re SL . Sanford . . 2739 CHOI ire he BET Edwin . 197, 796 Longacre ... . . 2030 Normans. 6b 0 2 38 REBT Pru@homme .. . . 2585 «2 SAVAGO rhe in it hy hg QIAT . Rollinson . .. . . 2719 on MOLI es tee”, Sake iA POLY if DPOYION ed 2 a A . Longacre 2031-32 Cherkaic® stk Me et AO? Froustone es 6 PAB DeGes its ie Canais ole 8701 FS ee’ Ti ee oe B42 Charen is. a 4. eee aS Hoa apne soap iO} Pain wh Rees 79s Maverick 204 404i v 2016 Smither . . . . . « 2976 . Annin & Smith 95-96 Clarkes. 6 a ke 404 Danforth .... . 447 « Danforth. <..%.° 4 22) (AAS . Durand . « se 606-7 . Fairman-Childs . . . 348 A C1 here area eitnaes gear be V0 - Hoogland ... . . 1425 Ce TR COERG Co PRS Tete bes . Longacre... . . «2083 . S. Maverick . 2268, 71 PUM avariok =. -« «5 QRht eon NV OFIRGR Ss de ee BSS SpE Oa ie altel, 4 ee Pete eee NEO PErking ceo oe 1 ee BESS Tanner: “ese 6, 66 8005 Willard . . ..% . 3378 . Woodruff ... . . 3403 . Kneass-Young . . . 1662 Reed. vs.» wrt 6 2659 Maverick 9934-35 ITEM ARTIST Lake Erie, Battle of . te earny Lake George Cole ; Lake George, Battle of . Blodget Lake Ontario pe Mais Lambton, William H. Hickel . Landscape Lander, John Lander, Richard . to ene hae Landing at Jamestown . Chapman . Landsdown, Pa. . Birch Lane, George Langhans’ Tomb Lapland : Lapland Lady . Lapland Magical Drum Laplanders Laplanders, Dress ap! ne eae Larned, Sylvester . Metcalf Last Supper, The . da Vinei Lathrop, John . Laurens, Henry pe ae Peale Laurens, Martha . Lauretta . Lavater, J. C. Lavinia Lavoisier, Antoine L. °. es asm Lawrence, James . Stuart Stuart Stuart Lawrence, Death of Capt. Lawrence Monument Pai tite yk Sits Lawrence Benevolent Soc., Pa. (Certificate) . Lay, Benjamin . gh ee oe Leavitt, Jonathan . Wentworth Lee, Henry . Stuart Lee, Richard Henrys INDEX 352 ENGRAVER Murray & Co. Sanford . Chapin Maverick . Johnston Harrison . Leney Murray . Pru@homme . Pru@homme . Danforth Birch . Paradise Tiebout . Maverick Kneass Kneass Kneass Akin . . Durand . Kearny Edwin Edwin . Neagle . Norman . Dodson . Revere Hill Graham . . Hill Edwin . Edwin Edwin Leney . Rollinson : Reed & Stiles . Strickland . . Rawdon . . Harrison Strickland . Dawkins Kneass . Jocelyn . . Pru@homme Ellis. . CHECK LIST NUMBERS 2288-89 . 2742 eet . 9243 . 1501 . 1816 . 1799 . 2291 . 2586 . 2687 456 . 200 . 2402 . 3212 . 9245 . 1666 . 1668 . 1667 a7 608 1582-83 799 800 ITEM Lee, Richard Henry . Leffingwell, William . LeKain, Henri Louis LeoX . A LeoXII .. Lesley, Alexander _ Lesley, David Lewes, Lee Lewis, Francis Lewis, Meriwether Lewis, Morgan . Lewis, William . Lewis, William Thomas . Lexington-Concord Battle . Lexington Battle . Lexington Green, Mass. Liberty as Goddess of Youth . Lincoln, Benjamin Linn, John Blair Lipari Volcano Livermore, Harriet Livingston, Brockholst . Livingston, John H. . Livingston, Philip Livingston, Robert R. Livingston, Henry— Residence Livingston Saw Mill . Livingston Monument Loch Leven . Locke, John . -Logan, James Logan ee Chief . London INDEX 353 CHECK LIST ARTIST ENGRAVER NUMBERS Maverick-Longacre ; 2034, 2218 Ri ooh ame Willard .-. . « . «8379 Jocelyn Jocelyn ... . . . . 1545 seiGReEe ¢ diate. erg ld he B05 Hedin coed A S808 ae eee Longacre ... . . 2035 Villeneuve Steer wae ta 48 7 BOTT Jansen . Tiebout™ 6 0. 0, 8183 pa oe ev Oe TUONO oe BSS DeWilde DORR OS cab i ee BO} Saree tabs Wright 2. eRe R SL St. Memin . Strickland . . . . . 8050 Herring <Dardnd... (emo e608 Herring . Paradise .. . . 2403 Stuart Gnade & Piggat +. . 1143 ee ae « LhOUstON a . 1462 Earle . Doolittle ... - 526- 29 Se iieais Doolitile-Barber . . 525 Tisdale . 5 PROB ORR sx o47 16 taciew 1 seen apices Go SARE baa pe gb! Fads po pak wee Savage . ; eBatage 5 TB ere g ts 3 . Norman << . wo... 2840 Sargent . J.R. Smith. . . . . 2924 : . Tanner ety 8). 8096 cp ae eal S. Pannen oe see Shae Waldo& Jewett Longacre . . . . . 2036 Martin . . Pru@homme .. . . 2589 ivan 73 so WAR BS ae ee ote ae. Stuart 0 PAP ATOTE Fie 6 OR ee TEBO Longacre . . . . . 2087 Pelion 24 VR Se 2006 Longacre ... . s » 2038 ro ene Pru@homme .. . . 2590 . Stuart i GPG ES aks sn BG DONO. 2 ce er eS ARP IBOS bog ERENT Tiebout. . . Wo . SQTh Livingston Tiebout 2's wes O8Q15 Lenhart Wagner... . . . S347 Seymour. . . . . . 2889 ji aps » BAD FES Fer SOT Kneller . . Harrison .. . .. .*s 1281 Longacre .. . . . 2039 Anderson... MARR VSB Harrison: 4) 425 2 RGF ITEM Lottery—Waite’s . Louis IX—France Louis XIII—France . Louis XI V—France Louis XVI—France . Louis X VI and Marie Antoi- nette AMER Eb Louis X VI—France . Louis X VIII—France . Louisbourg . Lowth, Robert . Loyola, Ignatius Luther, Martin Lyman, Joseph Lynch, Thomas, Jr. . Lynnhaven Bay, Va. Lyon, Patrick . Lystra, Ky. McCrea, Jane McCrie, Thomas McFarland, Francis F. . “McFingal,” Trumbull’s McHenry, James . McJilton, Daniel . McKean, Thomas . McKendree, William McKnight, Dr. . McLane, Louis . INDEX ARTIST Shaw Holbein © Jageman Kranach Shaw Neagle . Smirke . Ritchie . Wood Dunlap (Illustrations) (Illustrations) Jackson Stuart Stuart King Jarvis Paradise Newton B54 CHECK List ENGRAVER NUMBERS Humphrys . . . . . 1474 Bowes oy > Smither 2 3) ti. ae Smtther 200° (28 ems Edwin .écnbveer bees Edwin... sms Ga a eee Willard ..- . «4 4/8885 Edwin © o> ierets, 5B Willard . . 3 vos 8885 Pelham... 4 ind es Edwin... Sia eee Chorley. oxen AeBee Clarke... han sees Bowen hss ia eae ee Eckstein . . . . . 684 Edwin int ae TE Re Longacre ... . . 2040 Rawdon wo ick nA RGB Scobewwr, . soe 5 REE Snyder: 2d) setts 2 RROOs W.D.Smith . . ... 2958 . Pelton ive eee Longacre ... . . 2041 . Hib. ea . Kelly... . ogee eae . Akin... i eee Tanner is} sae ae Sse « Atte. 5 eee TA Tucker. 6-9" so -8 ae eee . Edwin sk see . Beney:.:. alias. apeeeeieGs Tisdale . . . . 3261-3268 Willard . . .°.. «8398 Longacre . . . « « 2042 . Piggott. «aa. aaa Edwin ts sat ite BS Longacre .. . . . 2043 Tiebout >...» oes BIBS . Edwin... . tee ae Gimbrede . .. . . 1062 Longacre ... . » 2044 Leney «teies) ai end eee . Kelly... i ITEM McLean Asylum, Mass. . McLeod, Alexander . MeNiece, John . McNeil, John Macdonough, ‘Thomas Macdonough Farmhouse Macdonough’s Victory . Macready, William C. Macgregor, Rob Roy Macklin, Charles Ma-Nuncue . Macomb, Alexander . Macpherson Blues Maewhorter, Alexander Madison, Dorothy T. P. . Madison, James _ Maelstrom, The Maffitt, John N. Magdalama, Queen Maine, Map of . Malbone, Edward G. Malherbe, Francois Manchester, Duke of Manheim Family, The Mannets, Joseph M. . Manning, James Mansfield, Earl of ° INDEX 355 CHECK LIST ARTIST ENGRAVER NUMBERS Billing . - G.G. Smith . 2913 Waldo & Jewett Durand . . 610 Bailie Leney . 1805 Willard Pelton . 2508 Lewis . Annin 15 ee Delleker . . 481 Jarvis Gimbrede . 1061 Gimbrede . 1060 Reed & Stiles . . 2658 a ae ae Strickland . . 3051 Reinagle Childs 367 Corne Hoogland . 1437 Reinagle Tanner . 3134 .» Neagle . Durand . 611 Inman . Durand . . 612 Jackson . Longacre - 2045 Kneass-Young . 1654 i: Edwin 816 Paradise Durand . . G14 Sully Longacre . 2046 Barralet Lawson . . 1693 aeneehs Leney . 1806 Stuart Edwin Stats tebe Otis . Goodman & Piggot . . 1144 Wood . Prud@homme . 2591 Stuart Edwin Sli Sully Edwin 818 v3 88 em aha ts Edwin-Murray . 855 Gimbrede . . Jones . ; . 1521 Stuart Jones . . 1520 Stuart . Leney . 1807-8 Otis . . Neagle . 2310 Rawdon . . 2637 dats Willard . . 3380 Livingston Tiebout . 3216 Hill . Kelly . . 1614 ina Vee! Re Tiller . . 3249 . Carleton Norman . . 2362 Gimbrede . 1063 Peer ie Hill . 1378 Peters Leney . 1809 Folwell . Maverick . 2262 Durand . «618 Hamlin . . 1235 Haines . 1204 ITEM Manutius, Aldus Mara, Madame . Marat, Death of Marcus Sextus . Mareschal, Ambrose Maria Cristina,— Spain Maria Louisa—France . Marie Antoinette— France Mariner, Mr. .. . Market St. Bridge, Phila. Marlborough, Duke of . Marmont, A. F. L. V. Mars, Mademoiselle . Marsden, Joshua Marshall, John . Martin, John E. Martin, Luther Martindale, S. Martyn, Henry Martyr, Mrs. ‘ Mary, Queen of Scots Maryland Paper Money Mason, John M. Mason, William Masonic Certificate Masonic Frontispiece Masonicus . Massachusetts, Arms of Massachusetts, Map of . Massachusetts Bay Massachusetts Commission INDEX ARTIST Fouquel Guerin . Tilyard Guerand Birch Paradise Paul . Inman Wood Martin . Paradise . _DeWilde Graham Zuccaro Jarvis Robertson . Gardner Porter . Massachusetts General Hospital . 356 CHECK LIST ENGRAVER NUMBERS . Edwin. 2) ea. eee . Leney © . 5k ee Graham... 2 ee Hooker .: sy settee iae eee . Longacre / . . . , 2047 . Hoogland . .. . . 1426 . Edwin oo! Ges ee ee Leney 5! as Ge eee Willard . 3 = eee . Bowen® so 2 eee Seymour... . . 2885 Gimbrede . . .. . . 1064 Tanner& Co. . .'. . 3118 Jocelyn-Munson . . . 1546 Gimbrede ... . . 1065 Hdwit oo. > 2 oe ee eee Durand... © es G16 . Kearny |. aie eee Scoles’) .. <3 eae Bdwin—. . 600 ASS W.D.Smith . . . . 2959 Oook 00:5. cts. eee Longacre ... . . 2048 . Pru@homme .. . . 2592 .. Loney 5 “se eee . Longacre ... . . . 2049 . « Letey eae eee . Sparrow. . . . « . 2998 Durand sO Graham). =. se Te Rollinson . . . . . QT14 Bowee 4. kN a eee Edwin -. we". eres Doolittle. °°. .\ , Waiseene . Hurd... ot ae Longacre ... . . 2154 . Revere <ive. aeeeoee . Rollinson . . Scot. <u Sao . Leney wo. save eee Q725—Q7 Trenchard . .. . . 38280 Callender .... . 298 . Strickland . . . . . 3072 . Hurd » 1. eee . Annin& Smith . . . 110 INDEX CHECK LIST ITEM ARTIST ENGRAVER NUMBERS Massachusetts General Hospital Penniman . Bowen . 230 Massachusett Loan Certificate Hurd . . 1479 Massachusetts Medical College Annin tee BSB Massena, André pe. Tanner &Co. . . . . 3113 Massinger, Philip . Longacre ... . . 2140 eh hl . Paradise *. . . . « 2404 Master of Ships, Society of Barralet RR a ASB Mastoden, The . res, Peale 2 MS See. dee EAGT Mather, Cotton Pelham . « POURRA EBD Mather, Increase . Bomts GF Johnson . . . . «... 1500 Pelion .... . . 2509 Mather, Richard HOM ET SS a ee ORD Mathews, J. McF. . Waldo & Jewett DURORE Fag 8 Oi eo ee ED Matlock High Torr eee ORR ee ng ROG Matteawan, N.Y. . v sag bt ed WP y tes te. ak . 1344 Matthews, Charles Johnston . Johnston 1489 — 91 <7 eae Sooles ee eT Matthias, 1B. es ; Paradise Derand? 3.0. areas Mauch Chunk Coal Woks . Doolittle .... . . 8836 Mavor, William Tiebout 2.05 600 2 5 S186 Mayhew, Jonathan . Jennys.” .. ease Eels zi see ae ~ + LEVSTE?”.. OPA 5 RAROTD Mead, Richard. . Ramsay ‘FORGES Lo et RR eae Medici, Lorenzo de yaar’ s! .. Bdwin: osaseecnl eo Ree Mechanics Benevolent Soc. (Certificate) . Murray . . . . . . 2292 Meigs, Return Jonathan Lawrence . Longacre .. . . . 2050 Mellimelni, Suliman . ETN Ss, Bawin, | 2 3ees4, 825 Melmoth, Mrs. . Dunlap . Tiebout.. . soy eo BS18T Melville, H. Oe Longacre §. 3 . = «9188 Memphis, Egypt Craig HOH A OP 2 es ee ies Mendenhall Ferry, Pa. . Birch as ES EPETE SS GR let ee eee Mendelssohn, Moses . HST oa BON Se “Mercury” : a ke a , Anessa.) tara ae Merion Meeting Pie: Pa. Reinagle « Wheel oo. . renin Wo ORD Merry, Robert . IO STAT ee 2 ee ore Merry, Mrs. . Baty OS a ee ee ap aaa ae OREO es Ft ae DeWilde 6 DOREY CO Te paren Deke Mervin, Samuel Paradise Paradise... . . 2405 Michel Angelo . Piombo . Pisbout 22) 2 ae SLE Mico-Chlucco Bartram. . Trenchard. . . « . 3815 Middle Colonies (Map) . « Parner. (ese? jl eson Middleton, Arthur West . Longacre ... . . 2051 Middleton, Mr. . Roberts 5, AOA G SF RS ake aha a 357 ITEM Mifflin, ‘Thomas Milan, Italy . Militia Muster . Milledoler, Philip . Miller, Edward Miller, Miss . Milnor, James Milton, John Minisink, Pa. Minot, G. R. , Minshull, John . 3 Mirza, Aboo Al Hassan . Mitchell, Edward . Mitchell, Samuel L. Mitchell, Mr. . Mitchell’s Lighthouse Mitered Minuet Modern Dandies Modern Spectacles Mohawk River . Molay, Jacques de Moliére : Moncrif, F. A. P. . Monmouth, James Duke Monmouthshire, England . Monroe, James . Montagu, Elizabeth R. . Montagu, Mary W. Montgomery, James . INDEX ARTIST ENGRAVER NUMBERS Stuart Bridport . 295 Giosafatti . . Horton . 1451 Me day ee Anderson 70 Waldo& Jewett Durand . 619 a Tn, ste . Leney 1819-20 DeWilde . Leney . 1818 Waldo §& Jewett Durand . 620 oop Ula: nS ean ee 57 Haines . 1205 BBs eee . Hamm . 1256 Cooper . . Hoogland . 1427 . Johnston . 1492 Longacre . 2135 . Norman . . 2341 Pekenino . 2449 . Pru@homme . 2593 at a, ened . Scoles . 2794 Hoffman . Scoles » 2834 Harris . 1276 . Scoles » 2795 6s 2 a clinenn tae eee . 827 Waldo & Jewett Maverick . 2219 Jarvis . Durand . - 621 Weaver Scoles . 2796 Inderwick . . Leney 1889 opal so Vis. eee ie 2688 (Caricature). Charles . 335 (Caricature). Charles . 338 Livingston Tiebout . 3217 Baquoy Tanner. . . 3098 baat cs Clarke 406 Hill 1371 ea ae . Scoles - 2821 Pocock . » ITC Ee aes 154 ~ 2 e « . 6 Hdwin-Murray 855 Vanderlyn . Durand . >! Ae O22 Vanderlyn Gimbrede 1066-67 King Goodman & Piggot . . 1145 Otis . . Goodman & Piggot . . 1146 Vanderlyn . Peabody . 2418 be pre Es . 3381 . Edwin . 828 . Smither . . 2979 Pp are . Bowen sh: Chantry . Jones . - 1523 358 CHECK LIST ITEM Montgomery, Richard . INDEX ARTIST Peale Montgomery, Richard, Death of . Montibello, Md. Monticello, Va. Montmorenci Falls Montpelier, Va. Montreal, Canada . Moore, Alfred . Moore, Benjamin. . . Moore, Richard Channing . Moore, 'Thomas Moorhead, John More, Hannah . Moreau, Victor Morgan, Daniel Moring, Christopher S. . Morris, Gouverneur Morris, Robert . Morris, Mrs. ; Moses and the Tablets Mosque Sultan Ahmed . Mott, Valentine Moultrie, William Mouina ; Mount Blanc. Mount Carbon, Pa. . Mount Etna pebeand Mount Etna, Eruptionof . Birch Doughty Chapman . Jarvis. Jarvis Inman Dunlap Sieurac Haines . Pelham . ° ° Peckersgill Svinin Peale Trumbull . Cooke Sully Tucker Inman . Porter . ENGRAVER Edwin Norman . Norman . Birch . Durand . Childs Cooke Pru@’homme Aitken Neagle Edwin Edwin . Paradise . Dodson . . Maverick Anderson Edwin Ellis Gimbrede . Haines . Longacre . Maverick - Pelham Ellis . Pelton . Annin Scoles Tanner & Co. Hdwin . Pru@homme - Danforth Longacre . Longacre Johnston . Kearny Scoles Durand . . Fairman . Strickland . . Maverick Tanner . J.R. Smith Kearny . Tiebout . Savage CHECK LIST NUMBERS . TO1 - 2342 - 2363 202 680 . 2197 . 3114 . 832 . 2594 . 449 . 2052 2053-54 . 1493 . 1584 . 2835 623 . 991 . 3073 . 2246 . 3135 . 2936 . 1588 . $218 . 2760 ITEM Mount Joliet Mount Pleasant, Mass. Mount Rosa . Mount Sidney, Pa. Mount Vernon, Va. Mourgeon, Peter Muhlenberg, G. H. E. Muhlenberg, Henry M. . Muhlenberg, Peter Muir, Thomas Mulgrave, Lord Munson, Aineas Murat, Joachim Murray, Alexander Murray, John Murray, Lindley Murray, Mr. Muscipula Mushanon River, Pa. Musidora . Mystic River Bridge, Mass. Nahant Hotel, Mass. Nahe Rock Naples, Italy . Napoleon Bonaparte INDEX ARTIST Inman . Birch Birch Birch Birch (Card of) . Peale Peale Jennys . Wood Wood Westoby Reynolds . Durand Penniman Craig David David Terrigi . 360 ENGRAVER Maverick . Hill - Scoles - Maverick . Birch . - Birch . - Parkyns . . Seymour Tucker . St. Memin CHECK LIST NUMBERS ~ 2247 . 1409 . 2836 . 2248 - 203 - 204 ~ 2417 . 2883 . 3327 . 2738 Goodman & Piggot . . LAT . Annin & Smith - Smither . . Steel . Tucker - Scoles Yeager - Jocelyn . - Rollinson Tanner & Co. . Edwin Willard . . Annin - Bowen . Hill - Durand . . Leney . Savage . Bowes . Durand . . Hill . Annin & Smith Harrison Campbell . Drayton . Allen . . Boudier . - Hdwin Gimbrede . Hooker . . Houston . Humphreys . Kelly . . Leney - 106 . 2980 - 3012 . 3310 . 2798 . 3423 . 1547 . 2720 . 3113 833 . 3382 17 . 216 . 1376 - 624 . 1821 . 2762 242 . 683 . 1408 y s aT . 1298 ote BOD . 834-37 1069-71 . 1444 . 1457 . 1470 . 1615 - 1822 ITEM Napoleon Bonaparte Napoleon Entering Paris Napoleon, Frangois Chas. Jos. Napoli di Romania Narina Nassau Hall, N. ey National Hotel, Washington . Natural Bridge, Va. . Naval Battle, Guadaloupes Naval Commission, U. S. Naval Monument . Nation’s Bulwark . Necker, Jacques Neill, William . Nelson, Horatio Nettleton, A. Nevins, William New Edinburgh Racyclopetin New England Psalm-Singer . ‘New England New Haven, Conn. New Jersey, Arms of N. H. Mechanics Assoc. New Orleans, La. . : New Orleans, Battle of . New Orleans Orphans’ Asylum New York City View of INDEX ARTIST David Isabey Smith Otis . Hoppner Inman . (Map) . Barber . (Map) . Seymour West Know Wall 361 ENGRAVER Longacre - Pekenino . Roberts . . Scoles . Smither . : Willard-Rawdon Willard . - Sanford . Gimbrede . Longacre Kearny Scoles Dawkins . Longacre . Drayton . Trenchard . - Dawkins . Eckstein , 2 woo... Akin & Harrison (Title-page) . : (Caricature) . Annin Clay . Hill . Nesmith . . Pru@homme Rollinson . Scoles Tanner & Co. . . Pelton . Paradise ane : Edwin Revere . Foster Willard . SOR ee senha (Certificate) . . Leney . Hoogland . Scacki . Scoles . Steel . Wightman . Yeager Hill . Hill . Maverick CHECK LIST NUMBERS 2055-57 - 2457 - 2700 . 2799 - 2972 . 3384 _ 3383, 3385 . 2743 . 1072 . 2058 . 1576 . 2853 . 466 . 2153 - 545 . 3294 464 688 24, 86 . 398 . 1377 . 2318 . 2595 . 2715 . 2800 . S112 . 2511 . 2407 . 933 . 2690 . 1010 . 3399 . 3279 . 3362 . 1893 . 1438 . 2764 . 2837 . 3031 . 3433 . 1346 . 1340 . 2249 ITEM View of Planof . Almshouse Arms of State Battery, The . Battery, View from Bay of New York . Broadway Castle Garden Christ Church City Hall . Coffee House Slip . College of Physicians Columbia College . Congregational Church . Exchange, The . Federal Hall Fire of 1835 . Fulton St. Market . Government House Grace Church Hospital Jews’ Synagogue Merchants’ Exchange Masonic Hall New City Tavern New Theatre Park Row Pilots’ Charitable Soc. . Prison . INDEX ARTIST Wood Birch Hooker Bridges Taylor . Busby Drayton Birch Burton . Horner Stansbury Cummings Forrest Wilcow . Stansbury West Anderson . (Card of) . Davis Lacour . Bayley . Murray (Card of) . Davis Davis Davis Burton . (Certificate) . . Fox Mangin . 362 ENGRAVER . Rollinson . Seymour St.Memin . - Hooker . . Maverick . Roberts . Tiebout . . Hooker . . Dawkins Trenchard . . Hill Tucker - Bennett . . Leney W. D. Smith . Bennett . . Hill ; . Rawdon & Co . » Steshe . Pru@homme . Pru@Vhomme Tiebout . . Danforth . Leney . Tiebout . Maverick : . Rawdon & Co. . Yeager . Doolittle . Hill Tiebout . . Bennett . . Bennett . . NScoles . Pru@homme . Leney Tisdale W.D. Smith W.D. Smith W.D. Smith Tisdale . Tisdale W. D. Smith Hoogland CHECK LIST NUMBERS . 2723 . 2884 2735-36 . 1448 . 2250 . 2702 3291-22 . 1447 . 462 . 3280 . 1387 . 3327 124 . 1890 . 2970 126 . 1895 . 2644 . 3023 . 2625 . 2624, . 3223 . 459 . 1891 . 3205 . 2238 . 2645 . 3432 . 533 . 1403 . 3209 . 140-41 . 137 . 2832 . 2626 . 1892 . 3260 . 2967 . 2967 . 2967 . 3259 . 3258 . 2969 . . 1440 1013-14 ITEM Quarantine Rotunda, The Rutgers’ Medical Golleze St. John Chapel St. Matthew’s Church St. Paul’s Church . St. Stephen’s Church . South Street . Trinity Church . U.S. Branch Bank Unitarian Church . Wall Street New Zealand War Pests 3 Newark Presbyterian Church . Newark to Paulus Hook Newbold’s Plantation Newburg, N. J. Newell, Harriet Newstead Abbey . Newton, Isaac . Newton, Isaac, Goaitenve : Newton, John Newton, Robert Ney, Michel . Niagara Falls, N. Y. Niagara, Battle of Nice, Italy oe Dicalai Coin .- 5s INDEX ARTIST Davis Kvers Davis Bayley . Davis Bayley . Anderson . Davis Davis Burton . Anderson . (Map) . Doyle Doyle Doyle Russell . Russell . Neagle . Wilson . Bennett Birch . 363 CHECK LIST ENGRAVER NUMBERS Bennett . eke W.D. Smith . 2967 Durand . . 681 W.D.Smith . . 2968 . Rawdon & Co. . 2646 . Scoles . 247 . Prudhomme . 2697 . Yeager . 3437 . Bennett . . 144 . Pru@homme . 2628 . Tiebout . 3232 . Kearny . 1573 W.D. Smith . 2967 . W.D. Smith . 2967 - Hoogland . 1439 Callender «995 Tiebout . . 3219 Tiebout . . 3220 Trenchard . . 3296 Hill . 1340 . Annin 78 Hdwin . 838 Longacre . 2059 Rawdon . . 2636 . Farman 998 Edwin . 839 . Scoles . 2838 Ldwin . 958 . Jocelyn . 1548 . Leney . 1823 . Longacre . 2060 Dodson 497 Brown : . 280 Tanner & Co. . . 3113 - Bennett . . . 142 . Cooke . 435-36 - Hill 1348-49 Hill . 1410 . Maverick . 2251 Steel 0.0. . 3032 Thackara & Tiallanes . 3151 Tiebout . ~- 2 « BBS Strickland . . 3059 . Seymour . 2888 . Hill . 1872 ITEM Nightmare, The Night Scene, The . Night Thoughts Niobe : Nisbet, Charles Nisbet, C., Monument of Noah, Mordecai M. Norfolk, Va. North, Lord . Northcote, James North River, N. Y. North Carolina, etc. Norwich, Vt. Norwich Military Acad. Notch House, N. H. . Nott, Eliphalet . O’Connell, Daniel . O’ Neill, Miss Obookiah . Ogden, Aaron Ohio River, Map of Ohiophyle Falls, Pa. . Olandah Equiano . Old Pat ' Old Testament Olid, Christoval de Olin, Stephen Ongpatonga, Chief Opie, John Opie, Mrs. Orange, Prince of Orlamunda, Agnes von . Orphans’ Asylum, Mass. Osgood, Mrs. Othello and deters Otis, James . Oto Council . Ovid INDEX ARTIST Fuseli Gibson . Smith Shaw Northcote . Shaw (Map) . Johnson Johnson Ames Davis Durand Schultz Waldo . Sap ae : . Lawson . . Durand . . PruVhomme . Bridport . Leney . Munson . . Rollinson oy oti ee (Certificate) . . . Dodson . Leney . Durand . . Pelton . J.R. Smith Paradis West Neagle . Opie. Opie . Graham Blackburn Blackburn Seymour Burney 364 ENGRAVER . Boyd . ot tein ewig” op, SCHRLIRTIEOR (Title-page) . Pyne Cs eg RS COtas . Pelton - Boyd . Norman . Gimbrede . Ta . Haines . Leney . Hill . Bennett . Aitken . Peabody . Peabody Throop - Durand . . Maverick . Longacre . Jocelyn . . . Maverick-Durand . Durand . . Maverick . Scoles Tanner Tiebout . . Durand . Longacre Mrs. Akin . Lawson . NScoles CHECK LIST NUMBERS 273 . | 296 . 2365 . 2839 . 2512 eee . 1073 . 1343 . 1207 “SOT 1910-11 . 629 . 2513 . 2925 . 1694 . 2801 ITEM Owen, John . Owenson, Miss . Oysans, Cascade of Oyster Cove, Va. Oxford, Earl of Oxford Light Infantry . Paca, William Page, Harlan Pahaqualing, N. J. Paine, Robert Treat . Paine, Robert Treat, Jr. Paine, Thomas . Paley, William . Palisades, The . Paraclete, The . Paragon, Steamboat . Paris, France Parish, E. Parke, John . Parker, Martyn Parkinson, William Parnell, Thomas Parsons, Ann Parsons, Enoch Parsons, Jonathan Parsons, Levi Parsons, Theophilus . Parthenon, The Partridge, Alden . Pass of La Cabrera Passaic Falls, N. J. Passaic River Patterson, James . Patton, William Paul I— Russia INDEX ARTIST Vertue . Shaw Underwood Copley . Badger . Hoffman Hoffman Savage . Stuart Romney Romney Kidd Livingston Craig Williams Lemet Morse Stuart . Sargent Bartlett Birch Frazier . Shaw Birch Shaw Otis . . Metcalf . ENGRAVER Gimbrede Leney . Kearny . » . Hill . Maverick Nesmith . .. Maverick . Prudhomme Clarke Scoles Longacre Tisdale Scoles Wright . Longacre . Prudhomme Tucker Hill Tiebout . Harrison . Anderson . Neagle aru . Scot & Allardice . . JR. Smith . Malcom . Scoles Maverick . Leney Edwin . Pelton . Pelton Throop Leney Tucker Willard . . Kearny . Childs . Hill . Scoles Tucker . Hill . J.R. Smith Durand . Scorodorumoff Leney 365 CHECK LIST NUMBERS - 1074 - 1826 - 1586 . 1343 . 2294 . 2323 . 2225 . 2597 - 414 . 2842 . 2062 » 3254 . 2802 . 3412 . 2063 © . 2596 . 3311 . 1340 - 3225 . 1299 . 64 . 2316 . 2864 . 2926 . 2166 . 2863 . 2226 . 1827 . 840 - 2514 . 2515 . 3157 . 1828 . 3323 . 3386 . 1577 . 310 . 1343 . 2843 . 3324 . 1343 . 2927 . 630 . 1829 INDEX CHECK LIST ITEM ARTIST ENGRAVER NUMBERS Paul, Thomas Cooke . a tis ae . Longacre . 2064 Paulding, William Durand - Durand . . 631 Pawnee Brave . King . Jocelyn . . 1550 Payne, Master . Wood . Leney . 1830 Payson, Edward . Pratt . Kelly . 1616 Paxton Expedition, The - Dawkins . AGT Peacock and L’E pervier AIT OE . Hamlin . . 1246 Birch . Strickland . . 3060 Peace of 1783 ies atthe . Norman . . 2366 Peak, John Chorley . Annin & Smith 97 Peak Cavern a MS ag th Kearny . 1589 Peale, Charles Willson . Peale . Longacre . 2065 Pearce, Samuel Medley . . Annin & Smith 98 Medley . . Boyds.c icy ee . 258 pees i: Goodman & Piggo . 1148 Medley . . Longacre . 2066 Peck, George Pine . . Prudhomme . 2599 Pedlars Falls, Va. erie . Drayton . 547 Pekenino, Michele Durand . Durand . . 632 Pelham Foreign Portraits . (List of) . Pelham - 2476 Penn, William . iy eee ee . Anderson eee.) Bevan . Edwin — . 841-43 Pia hee . Kneass-Young . 1652 Barralet . Lawson . 1683 Edwin . . Longacre 2067 —68 . Smither . . 2981 . Snyder . 2995 Tisdale . 3255 Penn Arms ha ry Turner . 3332 Penn’s Treaty West . Moore - 2277 West G. 4. Smith . 2912 Penn’s Treaty Medal cis is la ta = . 2293 Pennsylvania, Map Howell-Lewis Scoles . 2841 Cope ig. . Turner . 3334 Pennsylvania Roads . (Map) . . Smither . . 2985 Pennsylvania, Arms of . Trenchard . . 3279 (Title-page) . Attken . .4. 50.) gee (Frontispiece) Smither . . . . . . 2984 Pennsylvania Magazine Pennsylvania Politics (Caricature) . Charles . ... . . 334 Pennsylvania, U. S. Ship ove ix ts bo Benneiee . 148 Pepperrill, Sir William . Smibert . Pelham . 2471 Pepys, Elizabeth . Hailes . Steel . . 3013 Pepys, Samuel . Kneller . . Steel . . 3014 Percival, Spencer . Williams Kneass . . 1653 Percy, Hugh Earl . Smither . . 2982 366 - TTEM Perfect, William Perry, Oliver H. Jarvis Perry, O. H.—Memorial Brenton Perry’s Victory Corne Birch Barralet. Peruvian Images are Petalesharoo Neagle . Peter IIJ— Russia elie ows Peters, Hugh eer iia! Peters, William Peters Petre, Lord . Peters Pharamond . Philadelphia View of - Birch ‘Birch Hill . Hoffman Birch Birch Map of Academy of Fine Arts. Strickland Barralet Academy of Natural Sciences Strickland Almshouse, Spruce St. Birch Strickland Arch St. Ferry . Birch Arch St. Theatre . Yeager . Bank of Pennsylvania Birch Strickland Bank of Philadelphia Birch Bank of United States . Birch Strickland Strickland Strickland Strickland Chestnut St. Theatre . Birch Christ Church ... . Birch INDEX ARTIST Waldo . 367 ENGRAVER . Leney . Delleker . Hdwin Gimbrede . Lewis . Pekenino . Sanford . Willard . . Annin . Lawson Tanner Doolittle Maverick . Leney Leney . Leney . Leney . Bowes Birch . Cone . ees Lh) . Scoles Seymour Tucker . Scot & Allardice . . Smither . Turner Childs Tanner Childs . Birch. . Boyd . Birch . Yeager Birch . Tucker . Birch. . Birch . . Childs . Kearny . Kneass-Young Tucker . Fox Birch . CHECK LIST NUMBERS . 1831 - . 482 . 844-45 1075-76 . 1915 . 2451 . 2740 . 3387 87-88 : 1691 . 3138 . 538 . 2997 . 1832 . 1833 . 1834 . 1835 24.0 178 429 1350-51 © . 2844 . 2882 - 3327 . 2866 . 2986 . 3333 . 3dl . 3137 352 160 270 161 . 3430 162 . 3316 163 164 . S54 . 1572 . 1659 . 3317 . 1012 165 ITEM Christ Church” ).s) . =.) a. Congress Hall, etc. Deaf and Dumb Asylum Dorsey’s Gothic Mansion . Eastern Penitentiary . Election Scenein . . Fairmount Water Works Franklin Hotel . ... . Franklin Library . Girard’s Bank Girard College... . High St. Viewon. . . High St. Markets . .. . Jail, Walnut St. Lemon Hill .... Library and Surgeons’ Hall Lutheran Church, Old Lutheran Church, New . Market St. Bridge . Masonic Hall Masonic Hall, Fire at Merchants’ Hotel New Market, Second St. New Theatre Pennsylvania Hospital . INDEX ARTIST Strickland Birch Strickland Mills Haviland Mason Krimmel Birch . Doughty Doughty Lehman Birch Birch Doughty Strickland Strickland Walter . Birch Birch Birch Birch Birch Birch Birch Strickland Birch Strickland Jones Birch Birch Lewis Birch .. Strickland Hoffman Strickland McArthur . 368 ENGRAVER . Childs - Malcom . Birch . . Childs Tanner . Childs . Childs . Lawson . . Campbell Cone Hill . Steel . . JR. Smith . Tanner Tiller . Tucker Thackara . Childs Steel . . Birch . . Birch . . Birch . . Birch. . Malcom . . Heilious . . Birch . ». aBireh. . Birch . . Plocher . . Seymour . Kneass . Trenchard . Hill Tucker Birch . . Birch . . Ralph . Birch . Childs . Claypoole - Dawkins . Heilious . ETE 3, Seymour Tucker , CHECK LIST NUMBERS . . 356 2168-69 171 . 358 . 3193 360 . 359 . 1692 302 . 428 . 1333 . 3025 . 3194 . 3248 , 3319 . 2935. . 3150 . 353 . 3026 , < paees . 4-15 . 159 172 . 2170 . 985 . 159, 176 166 167 . DAY . 2885 . 1663 . 1345 . 3322 . it . 3295 171 . 2632 . 159, 179 . 368-69 396 . . 468 . 983-84 . 1411 ITEM Pennsylvania Hospital Penna. Hospital for Insane Presbyterian Church, Ist Presbyterian Church, 2nd Robert Morris House St. Stephen’s Church . State House . State House, Back View State House Garden . Swedes’ Church . Third St. Hall . Third and Market Sts. Third and Spruce Sts. Treaty Tree . . Unitarian Church . University of Penna. . Washington’s Funeral Washington Hall . Water Works, Centre Square Water Works, Chestnut St. Widows and Orphans Asylum Zion Church, Burned Philadelphia at Tripoli . Philadelphia Cadets . Philadelphia Views Philistines, ete. . Philip, King . Philip [V— France Philips, T. . Phillips, John Phillips, T. : Phillips, William . Phillips, W. W. Phillips, Miss Phcebus, William . Physick, Philip Syng INDEX CHECK LIST ARTIST ENGRAVER NUMBERS ia s Yeager . 3434 Mason . - Tucker . 3326 Birch Birch . 168 Haviland - Boyd . Q71 Birch . Birch . 169 Birch - Birch . 173 Strickland . Childs 375 Birch . Birch . 181 Strickland . Childs . . 38376 Wells . Neagle . . 2315 Peale Trenchard . . 3299 Birch Birch . 182 Birch - Birch . Pre bo) Birch - Birch . . 159, 170 Sully - Childs ote ee er a Steel . . 3024 Birch - Birch . 186 Birch . - Birch . 185 Parkyns - Cook . 438 Reinagle . Childs . 378 Strickland . Steel . . 3035 Birch . Birch . : Pane $Y | Strickland . Strickland . . 3065 Birch - Birch . . 188 Barralet . Tiebout . . 3234 Doughty Childs . 882 Strickland . Steel . . 3037 Reiche . 2663 oh re weg eee Hamlin . . 1247 Underwood . Nesmith . - 2324 Birch . Barker 117 . Allen . - 39 . Revere . 2671 Seymour. . 2876 . J.R. Smith . . 2928 Pike ene i . Hoogland . 1428 Williams . Lavigne . . 1676 Percival Gimbrede . 1077 Stuart . . Pelton . . 2516 Waldo & Jewett W. D. Smith . 2960 sien Mee ee. MOROU RO. . 1836 Paradise . Durand . . 633 Inman . . Dodson . Sivek 1. nee Inman... . . Durand... ... 634 Sully. . Longacre . =... . 2069 369 ITEM Physick, Philip Syng Pickens, Andrew . Pickering, Timothy Picton, Gen. Picturesque View of G. B. Pierce, Ben. Pike, Zebulon M. Pilmore, Joseph Pinckney, Charles C. . Pindar, Peter Pinkney, William . Pinto,G. F. . Pioneers, The Pitt, William Pittsburgh, Pa. Placide, Alexander Platoff, Gen. Platt, Jonas . Plattsburg, Battle ve Playing Draughts Plessis, Joseph Octave Plutarch . Plymouth Dock Poinsett, Joel R. Polk, James K. . Pollok, Robert . Pomarre, King . INDEX ARTIST Otis . Sully Waldo Catlin Stuart Pratt Peale Neagle . Peale Bounetheau . Paul . Peale ‘King (uitlepage) ; Peale Lehman Lehman Trumbull .. Burnet . James Garvey . Longacre . 370 CHECK LIST ENGRAVER NUMBERS . Otis . 2381 Longacre - 2070 Gimbrede . 1078 . Longacre . 2071 Piggot . 2543 . Rollinson . 2721 . Revere . 2692 G.G. Smith . 2903 . Hdwin 847 . Edwin . 846 . Gimbrede . 1079 . Kennedy . 1636 Tanner & Co. . Sill Willard . . 3388 . Yeager ~ « 3424 : Goodman & Piggot . . 1149 . Peale . . « 2425 : Akin Haman 20 Anderson 60 Durand . . 635 . Tiebout . . 3189 . Hill . 1385 . Leney . 1837 . Durand . . 636 . Longacre . 2072 . Longacre . 2073 Lang . . 1674 . Hdwin - 848- 49 . Peale . . 2426 . Prudhomme - 2619 . Childs . 371 . Steel . 3033 . Hdwin ; . 850 Tanner & Co. . . S114 Durand . . 637 . Reed . . 2660 o's OPES Dove . 2382 .. Durand . 638 . Boyd . 259 . Edwin 851 . Birch. . 155 . Longacre - + 2074 . Pru@’homme ~.) + 2600~ . Longacre . 2137 . Hoogland . 1429 ITEM Pont du Gard Pope, Alexander Poros Harbor, Morea Porpoise, U.S. Brig . Porter, David Porter, Ebenezer Porter, Jacob Porter, Jane Portsmouth, N. H. Portsmouth, England Port Folio, The Post, Edward Poulson, Susannah Powell, Snelling Powell, Mrs. Prague, Battle of Preble, Edward President’s House, Wash. . Preston, William . Prideaux, Humphrey Prince, Joseph . Prince, Thomas Prodigal Son, The Providence, R. I. ; Providence Congre’l] Church . Providence Marine Soc. Providence Meeting House Providence St. John’s Church . INDEX ARTIST Roubilliac . Keller . Kneller . Wood Wood Jocelyn Doyle Duncannon ( Title-pages ) (Title-page) . —, . . Anderson Peale DeWilde (Medal) (Medal) Doughty Drummond Greenwood (Certificate) . rather areas 26 371 ENGRAVER Harrison . Danforth Hdwin . Haines . Hanm Hoogland . Longacre W.D. Smith Valentine Kearny . Bennett . . Hdwin Gimbrede . Lewis . Pru@homme . . Reed & Stiles . . Longacre Gimbrede Gimbrede Yeager Bowen Birch . Edwin Harrison Lawson . . Hill . Leney . Frederick . Harris . Kelly . Edwin Lawson . . Steel . Stone . Leney Lavigne . . Hill . Pelham Doolittle . Hamlin . Hamlin . Hamlin . Hamlin . CHECK LIST NUMBERS . 1300 450 852 . 1208-9 . 1257 . 1430 . 2075 . 2961 . 3338 Be bey te IAT . 853 . 1080 . 1915 . 2601 - 2658 . 2076 . 1081 . 1082 ~ 3425 931 ~«- 166 . 942, 948 . 1309 merepet | . 1684 . 1378 . 1838 . 1020 . 1271 . 1617 . 854 . 1685 . 3038 - 3044 . 1839 . 1677 . 1379 . « 2472 . 539-41 . 1945 . 1244 . 1249 . 1412 . 1243 ’ CHECK LIST ITEM ARTIST ENGRAVER NUMBERS Pregence’ "ey! «(is Seetepttat be Clarke - 4 ie » (419 . Psalmsof David ... . . Johnston ... . 1506 Psalm-Singer’s Amusement . Norman . . 2368 Psalm-Tunes .... « « Turner . 3335-36 Stats) \btige ¢ Nae meena . 2691 Psyche . . . «+» «6 e (Frontispiece) Hdwtn 936 Patnam, Israel .. ei aes e's. en ae ae Trumbull . . Gimbrede . - 1083 Trumbull . . Humphrys... . . 1472 Pym, John |... s+, sui ° - Pru@homme - 2602 Quarles, Francis .... . - Edwin 856 Quebec,Canada ..... . Aitken 9 PEER ie ee . 437 Strickland . Kneass . - 1664 tan’ - Johnston . 1505 8 . Leney . . 1894 ee ce . 2703 Queenstown,Canada .. . Strickland . Strickland . . 3061 Quincy, Josiah . . . . - - (Caricature). Charles... . 314 Quixote,Don ..... . Lesle . . Danforth . 451 Radnor Church .. . . . Strickland Tiebout . - 3226 Raikes, Robert.) a lidyhe eee 3s . Munson... . . 2281 Ram Mohun Roy . 2 gs eps + ee - Annin & Smith «999 Ramsay,David .... . White . Gimbrede .. .. . 1084 Peale . Longacre - 2077 Rancliffe,Lord .... -» See . Leney . 1840 Randolph, John ... «2. 6 « s . Edwin . 857 Jarvis . Gimbrede en neigh oak ae Randolph, Peyton Peale - Goodman & Piggot . . 1151 Rapelje, Rem . Durand . Sis 639 Raphael . . alte ge . Hdwin 858 Read, George Pine . . Longacre . 2078 Red Jacket Weir . Danforth 452 Redman, John . eer cee tee . Edwin 959 Reece, Richard Paradise . Durand . 640 Reed, Nelson Ruckle . W.D. Smith 2962 Rees, Abraham Opie . . Gobrecht 1112 Reeve, Tapping Catlin . Maverick - 2228 Reid, Thomas . . Annin 80 Remarkable Bridge . eet sells le. a emeneai 3297 Retreat, The,Pa. . . . . . Atkenson . . Kennedy . 1638 Rescinders, The ... . ye: . « Mevere ss.” wane - 2693 Resurrection of a Pious Family Peters . . . Clarke ..... . 417 INDEX 872 ITEM Resurrection of a Pious Family Rhodes .. Rhone Glacier Richard I1I—England . Richard III, Last Act of Richards, James Richmond, Chas., Duke of . Richmond, Legh Richmond, Va. Ricketts, Mr. Ridgely, C. Riley, James Riley, Jas., Narrative Rippon, John Rittenhouse, David Roberts, James Roberts, Robert R. Robertson, William . Robespierre, M. Robinson, Mrs. . Rochemaure Castle Rochow, Mr. Rock Fort Rocky Mountains . Rodgers, John Rogers, John Rogers, William Rogers, Rev. Roland, Madame Rollin, Charles e e ° Rockingham, Marquis of . INDEX ARTIST POteTe *s 2. - e ENGRAVER Hill. - Scoles . . Kearney .. « BOyR ss as Rie ete) 8 os OM Cy (Caricature). Johnston °. Trott . . Bridport Schroeder . . Leney Slater . Longacre Cooke .. . Bennett . Proger > HE" . Maverick Jarvis . . . Scoles Goodman & Piggot . Carman . Gimbrede . (Illustrations) Hooker . (Illustration) Marchant . Auer e ey COR Peale ... Edwin . a) kil eee ew, 2), OD Peale . . . Gobrecht ‘ : . Houston Savage . . Jarvis Peale . Longacre Peale . Savage Yates . Johnston Neagle . . Longacre aieehes kam ie) «i AE ET BO Reynolds . . Tanner Raffet . . . Pru@homme Reynolds . . Birch. . er see . Seymour phere ae Inman . . Maverick . : . Haines Seymour . Kearny Jarvis . Hdwin . Leney sat ouetaa a . Gimbrede Smibert ¢ SRGUG eS a Williams .. J.R. Smith . . Annin & Smith Raffet . .. 373 . Annin & Smith Prudhomme Ellis .. CHECK LIST NUMBERS - 1359 » 2845 - 1590 - 260 . 1841 . 1499 ~ QT . 1842 - 2079 - 143 . 1352 . 2253 - 2804 . 1150 - 1086 . 1449 - 2172 - 422 860 . 859 - 1113 - 1463 - 1481 . 2080 - 2748 . 1494 - 2081 - 62 3099 - 2603 . 153 . 2872 . 1372 - 2254 . 1210 . 1579 . 861 - 1843 . 1087 . 1618 - 2929 ITEM Rollin, Charles . Romaine, William Romeyn, J.B. . . Rosalind and Orlando Ross, George Ross, James . Ross, William Rousseau, J.J. . Rousseau’s Tomb . Rowan, Archibald H. Rowe, Elizabeth S. Rowe’s Letters . Rubens, Peter Paul Rumford, Ct. Benjamin Rumpff, Mrs. Rush, Benjamin Ruspini, Chevalier Russell, Nathaniel Russell, William Lord Ruter, Martin Prarie Bsa eee Ruthven, Lady ab. Rutgers, Henry Rutledge, Edward Ryland, John St. Andrew’s Soc., Pa. St. Anthony . INDEX CHECK List ARTIST ENGRAVER NUMBERS Penniman . Kelly . 1619 Penniman . . Neagle . 2311 Coypel . . Scoles - 2805 Coypel . W.D. Smith . 2963 is Fis . Snyder . 2992 . Tanner . 3100 Allen . 32 Waldo & Jewett Durand . ~ 641 Downman . . Leney . 1906 igre aft . Steel . +e SOLS Sully - Goodman & Piggoi Rr bY) Paradise . Durand . fare 642 - Doolittle 514 . Fairman «Poe . Scoles . 2846 . Scoles. . 2806 . Edwin 962- 63 oa ve). ee . 2343 (Title-page) . Hdwin - 929 os we oa ee ee . 3345 . Hooker . . 1445 Trenchard . . 3273 ee . Prudhomme - 2605 Paul . Akin. 21 Sully . Dodson soe 400 Sully . Hdwin . 864-65 Sully. . Gobrecht . 1114 Haines . . Haines . 1212 Haines . . Jones . . 1524 SeGee - LeMet - 1702 Sully . Leney . 1844 Sully . Longacre . 2082 Savage . . Savage . 2749 ae as . Leney - 1845 Savage . . Savage . 2750 reer ey . 2821 Longacre . . Longacre . 2083 . Maverick . 2266 sath e . Longacre . 2144 Inman Wright . 3413 Earle . Longacre - 2084 Bramwhite. . Hoogland . 1431 (Certificate) . Scot . . 2868 c+ 6 es oe Darand 7: 643 374 ITEM St. Anthony’s Falls St. Barbara . St. Catharine St. Francis St. George Soc., Pa. : St. Helena,Islandof . St. John—Confessor . St. John in Patmos St. Joseph .. St. Lawrence River St. Leonard’s Cottage St. Michael’s Mount . St. Michel at Puy . St. Peter’s, Rome . INDEX ARTIST Shaw A lb ano (Certificate) . ‘) Witney) Drayton °. Barnett Schetky St. Peter and St. Paul, ‘cars of : St. Vincent, Earlof . St. Vincent’s Rock Sacred Harmony .. . Sacketts Harbor, N. H. Sacondaga and Hudson Rivers Sainbel, Charles V. de Salaberry, C. M. d’l. Salem Court House Saltonstall, Gurdon Samoieds, The . Sampson, Deborah Sampson, William Sancta Sophia, Church . Sandford, P. P. Sandoval, Gonzales de ‘Sands, Robert C. Sandy Hill, N. Y. Sandy Hook, Haninoctial off Sandy Hook Lighthouse Sandy Hook Monument Saratoga Springs, N. Y. Sargent, Thomas . Sargent, Thomas F. Volozan Birch Birch Dickinson . Gray Jarvis Pine . Weir Anderson . Anderson . Inman . Longacre . Thomson 375 ENGRAVER . Hill . Scoles . Hamm - Hamm . Boyd . . Hamm Woodruff Smither . Munger . . Strickland . . Hamm . Justice . . Woodruff . Hewitt - Drayton . . Harrison . Harrison Lawson . Tiebout . Tanner & Co. . Kneass . EHdwin . Plocher . . Strickland . . Hill . Leney . Durand . . Hill Doolittle . Seymour Graham . . Gimbrede . Lawson . . Pru@homme . Lawson . . Durand . . Hill . Bennett . Tiebout . Tiebout - Mase. Trenchard . . Longacre . Rollinson CHECK List NUMBERS - . . 1343 - 2847 . 1261 - 1262 wow 261 1263 — 64 . 3408 - 2987 . 548 . 2279 . 3062 - 1260 . 1563 . 3409 . 1320 . 549 . 1301 . 1302 . 1697 . 3231 . 3112 . 1670 . 930 . 2548 . 3063 . 1340 . 1846 . 644 - 1413 . 515 . 2891 . 1168 . 1088 . 1678 . 2606 . 1679 . 645 . 1340 . 136 ~ 3227 . 3228 . 2255 . 3298 . 2085 - 2716 ITEM Sault Ste. Marie .. Saurin, James . Savannah, Burning of Savannah, Siegeof . Sawbridge, Alderman Schmidt, John F. . Schuylkill Bridge Schuylkill Canal, Pa. Schuylkill Falls, Pa. . Schuylkill River, Pa. Schultz, Christopher, Jr. Schuyler, Philip Schwartz, Christopher F. Schwartzenberg, Gen. HAO co ahs . Scott, Sir Walter s Scott, Winfield Scott, Thomas . Sculptured Bones . Seabury, Samuel . Seat of War, 1775 Seasons, The Sears, David . Sedgley,Pa. . . . % Sedgley Park,Pa. .. INDEX ARTIST Schoolcraft Picart . . Picart Shaw (Plan) . Eckstein Barralet Birch . Lehman Shaw Hoffman Watson . Trumbull . Leslie... Raeburn Raeburn Chantry Raeburn Leslie Gimbrede . Weir Cosse Cosse Cosse ‘Duche (Map) . pega 4 Biren Olay on. 376 ENGRAVER . Rawdon. . Durand . . Longacre . Aill . St.Memin . . Haines . Hekstein . Lawson . . Seymour . Childs . Hill Tiebout . . Childs . Leney . Kelly . . Leney isla . Longacre .. Tanner & Co. . . Kearny . Hdwin. ws - Danforth . Dodson. . ; MavertchsDaeane . Jocelyn-Munson . . Melle. . ws . Keliy 2s Longacre . . Longacre . Gimbrede . . Pru@homme Tanner & Co. . Chorley . . . - Danforth . Hoogland .. . Jocelyn . . Longacre Main . . Strickland . Annin & Smith . Gimbrede . Romans . Edwin . . Pru@homme . Birch 0" 5m Childs .. CHECK LIST NUMBERS . 2639 - 646 . 2086 . 1343 ~ 2737 . 1211 - . 685 1695-96 . 2885 . S72 . 1343 - 3229 . 373 . 1847 - 1620 . 1848 oe Oe « % 2199 . . 1551 INDEX CHECK LIST ITEM ARTIST ENGRAVER NUMBERS Sedgwick, CatharineM. . . Ingham... Durand. .... . 648 oy eel ea eye SD ORRON nwa chaps: BOT Sedgwick, Theodore . . . . Williams . . J.R.Smith> . . . . 9930 MT ORO NK wile te he. ss Kearny! . ok aw 2 1801 BOMEEISORYs Wisco. 6 i). Allene ace. 288-86 Seneca Falls, N. Y. DED so a ok hy eek « ARM Oe oe Bie RD mentry-box, Ihe . .). .°. Leslie . . . Danforth... . .-. 460 sergeant, John. . . . . . Robinson . . Kelly... .. . . 169 Dees. yee. 6 ees wrua ~ Tucker’. ... . . . 9819 Senet twnesy ane . sl. . Smirke ..:\. Leney . . . . . . 1907 IER re Ge Sc lier es « Bligh cosisow ane ie a QTE MUON Pc. tl we tw Pelton. 6 6 as b> cc. 9519 Sewall, Joseph . . Raich OU Me, os AIMEE hn Geet ge LOTG Smibert . . Pelham... . . . 2473 meewall,Samuel. ... . . Hmmons .. Pelton ...... . 2518 Dee OMe etatre sr. 5) 6 wes WD. Smith 1a)... 2904 Guemepere, William . <3... . seca « Boyd... . 2.4. 962-68 Sin phe sn» AOSOR 4.” «aati Pao ate BOE Zoust . . . Hdwin ... . . 869-70 Chandos . . Field . . «2s. « 1002 wee «: Gimbrede, .. afin 1001 » ridley oe hi ate LICE SA eevee. « FATE a etek et ce Chandos .. Kelly. ..... . 16% eee iss. LOWEON.. <6; -s hts KOBE - Longacre .. . 2139-40 . EH. Maverick . . . . 2449 . M. A. Maverick « . . 2180 eye « Pru@honme susiye-. 2609 Sharp,John. .. .. . . Schwandfelder Hoogland ... . . 1433 Mereel es ee ee. ww wes Anning Smith ... 101 Pee eeene sy. oe wl. Jouttt ... . Durand ... . ws! «| 649 RIOT TTAPD OL: debate cee we tl Hines «wee oe ow BQIS Beebe raeninOUse 0%). °. 5... ... Tiebout. . . . . . $930 CCI ALGST Guise. 5 sw sks Mein fw we ew fe BUI Sherbrooke,John Cope... Field .. . Field. .... =. . 1008 Sherburne, Nantucket .. . Sanson... Tanner... .. . 8139 Seernien, oper... 43-4). Harle . . . Jocelyn .« . wo. «1688 . PGF ieiaret ie, « kOUO8 gd ie ave a 2080 Meee eRICMrG Dy St Sh. ce. Hdwin 2 ww ole BP eos pe wre « PruPhomme sis 40142619 I AS yi. 6 eee te we Loney oo. o witets 1849 Shippen, Edward... . . Stuart... Hdwin ...... 8738 Soltabe atales.< 220 TMEM new es he ty en kLBE Shippen, Joseph . ......... + LeMete ..... . 1708 ITEM Shippen, William, Jr. Ship’s Papers : Shirley, Sir William . Shore, Jane . Shubrick, John T. . Sibley, HE... . 3 Siddons, aa, Kenble ; Signers of the Declaration . Sigourney, Lydia H. . Simpson, David é Sismondi, J.C. L.S.de . Skeensborough, N. Y. Skinner, Thomas H. . Slater, Samuel . Slave-Ship, The Slop and Shandy Smith, Augustus W. . Smith, Elias . Smith, Elihu H. Smith, Elizabeth Smith, Isaac . Smith, James Smith, John . ; Smith, John Blair . Smith, Nathan . E Smith, Samuel Stanhope Smith, William 5 Smith, Mrs. . Smollett, Tobias Snowden—Wales . Snyder, Simon . Solitude, Pa. Solomon Creek, Pa. Soule, Joshua Soult, N.J.deD. . Spalding, George Ludwig . INDEX ARTIST Stuart Smibert Pate . DeWilde Hamilton . Reynolds . (Title-page) . Sully Lincoln Williams Barker . Morse Lawrence . Stuart Stuart Sully Woolley Birch Paradise 378 CHECK LIST ENGRAVER NUMBERS . Haines . 1214 . Savage . 2763 . Pelham ~ QAT4 . Pru@homme . 2610 . Gimbrede . 1092 . Leney . 1850 . Edwin Sone . Leney 1851-53 Leney . 1852 . Longacre . 2090 Longacre . 2149 . Dodson . 507 . Ellis 1 O72 . Pru@homme . 2611 . Hewitt . 1321 - Goodman & Piggot 1153 . Steel . . . 3016 . Ralph . 2633 . Haines . 1222 Willard . . 3389 Williams . 3364 Leney . 1854 . Leney . 1855 . Edwin . 875 . Yeager . 3426 - G.G. Smith . 2904 . Edwin . 876 . Jocelyn . : . . 1554 : Goodman & Piggot . . L154 Edwin . . 8i7 . Savage . 2751 . Dodson 507 . Boyd . - 264 . Longacre . 2091 . Phillips . . 2541 . Seymour . 2877 . Leney . 1895 . Edwin . 878 Tiebout . 3190 : Birch. . . 206 Yeager 3435-36 . Paradise . 650 . Rollinson . 2720 . Tanner & Co. . 3113 . Hill . 1372 ITEM Spaniards at Carthagena Spanish Inn, The Spencer, Mrs. E. Spencer, H. E. . Spencer, O.M. . Spencer, Thomas . Spener, Philip James Spirit Creek, Ga. Spinning Machine . Sprague, William B. . Spring, Gardner Sproat, James . Staél, Madame de . Staffa . , Stag and Hound Stamp Act Repealed . Stanford, John . Stanislaus, Augustus Stanley, Mrs. Stanton, E.M. . Stark, John . — State Guards, Pa. . Staughton, William . Stead, Henry . Steamer Experiment . Steele, Sir Richard Stennett, Samuel Stephen before the Council Sterne, Laurence Steuben’s Regulations Stewart, Charles Stewart, Mrs. Stiles, Ezra . INDEX ARTIST Hervieu Hervieu Longacre . Scott Shaw Morse Clay . Inman . Franks . Rider Wood Eckstein Peale Peale Paradise Richardson Reynolds . Wood Ingham 379 ENGRAVER . Revere Tanner . Longacre . Longacre . Longacre Hdwin . Haines . Longacre . Longacre . Hill Tully . . Durand . . Durand . Edwin . Jocelyn-Munson . Tanner . Longacre . Revere . Main . Tiebout . . Leney . Snyder . Pelton ee . GG. Smith. . Nesmith . . Bowen Eckstein . Hdwin . G.G. Smith . Paradise . Hamlin . . Haines . Hamm . Leney . Woodruff PR UOMerae . Hill . Longacre . Norman . . Tanner . Poupard . Goodman . Paradise . Doolittle . Hdwin CHECK LIST NUMBERS . 2686 . 3140 . 2093 . 2094 . 2095 899 . 1215 . 2096 . 2092 . 1343 . 3328 651 652 . 960 . 1555 . 3141 . 2146 . 2695 . 2163 . 3191 . 1856 . 2993 . 2521 . 2905 . 2325 Q17 686 . 880 . 2906 . 2408 . 1248 . 1216 . 1258 . 1857 . 3404 . 1016 . 1371 . 2097 . 2344 . 3101 . 2555 . 1122 . 2409 516 881 ITEM Stiles, Ezra . Stillman, Samuel St eee ge PAM cam Stollenwerck’s Panorama . Stone, Thomas . Strahan, William . Strong, Caleb Strong, Nathan . : Stuart, Charles Gilbert . Sullivan, James Summer Summerfield, J tee Sunday School Soc., Phila. Susquehanna River Sutton, Amos Suwarow, Alexander . Swaim, William Swartz, C. F. : Sweeds Ford, Pa. . Swift, Jonathan Swords, Mr. . Sydenham, Thomas Sydney, Algernon . Taawattaa Talma, Francois I. Tammany, King Tammany Society, N. Y. Tanjore Pagoda Tasso, Torquato Taylor, James B. Taylor, N. W. Temple, Earl Temple, Charlotte . Temple, William Templeof Pluto . Ten Broeck, Dirck . . INDEX ARTIST ENGRAVER GP emstce . Hil sae Doyle - Annin & Smith Doyle - Leney .. Johnson . . Snyder Porter . . Strickland . ae . Simonne Pine . . Ellis Dhawan Leney Coles . Edwin Stuart . Longacre TERE. . Norman . Doyle - JR. Smith Stewart . Pelton Goodrich . Durand . Neagle . . Edwin Rowe? iiss . Fox Pocock . . Birch . Waldo & Jewett Durand . (Certificate) . Smither Morton. Strickland . James . Pelton eis hate . Clarke. Inman . . Durand . Smart . Pelton . Hewitt . DLeney . Longacre . DLeney . Jones . . Scoles Porter . . Strickland . . Jocelyn-Munson . . Eckstein (Certificate) . Graham . . Scoles Hooker . Waldo &I moat Jocelyn . Jocelyn . Jocelyn . . Haines . Osborn Tiebout i Gimbrede . Harrison . Gridley. 0s 380 CHECK LIST NUMBERS . 1380 102 . 1858 . 2994 . 3074 . 2901 973 . 1859 . 882 , 2098 . 9845 . 2931 . 2522 653 . 883 . 1015 158 . 654 . 2988 . 3064 . 2593 407 . 655 . 2524 . 1399 . 1860 . 1980 . 1861 . 1525 . 2821 . 3075 . 1556 » 1689 . 1171 . 2849 . 1446 . 1557 . 1558 - RRL ITEM Tennent, Gilbert Thacher, Peter . Thacher, William . Theatre of War in N. A.. Theatrical Costumes . Thomas, Isaiah. . Thomson, A. . Thomson, James .. Thomson, John . Thomson, Samuel . Thomson’s Seasons Thorburn, Grant . Thornton, Bonnell Thresher, G. . Nib Thunder Storm, The . Thurston, Gardner Tickell, Thomas . Tighe, Mrs. . . Tilghman, William Tompkins, Daniel D. . Tone, Theobald Wolfe Tooke, John Horne Tomb of the Scipios . Torrey, Jesse, Jr. . Tousard, A. Louis Town and Country Builder Tower of Horns Tree, Ellen . Trenck, Baron Frederick Trenton Arch Trenton Bridge Triumph of Liberty . roy, 0. Ys. Transylvania University Truair, John .. Trumbull, Benjamin . Trumbull, Jonathan . CHECK LIST ARTIST ENGRAVER NUMBERS . Edwin . 884 : . . Harris . 1272 Paradise - Paradise . - 2410 - Norman . - 2367 Rieu ghd . Clay . 395 Doyle . Jones . . 1526 Williams - JR. Smith - 2932 . Longacre . 2138 . Haines . 1218 . Longacre - 2136 . Norman . . 2346 - Prudhomme . 2612 . Woodruff - 3405 ‘ . Danforth & Co. ~ 455 Williams Williams . 3365 (Title-page) . Roberts . - 2704 Aviat oie ae Yeager . 3427 EP er ae . Haines . 1219 Crawley . Leney . 1862 snes Sires . Revere . 2697 erent . Reed . . 2654 Kneller . Leney . 1863 Comerford . Boyd. 265 Bridport . Bridport 278 © 0 0 « « » Campbell 21g299 Sully .. . Jones - 1527 - atari ts 0 he OTTAEOR . 1289 . Haines . 1220 . Johnston . 1495 Wright-Bale . 3414 vee, Tanner . . 3142 Peale ‘ Goodman § Piggot . . 1155 Malbone . Edwin . . 886 . Norman . - 2367 . Shallus . 2898 . Johnsion . 1496 . Bill . : . 1381 ae ee . Trenchard . . 3300 Barralet . Murray . 2294 hee . Verger : . 3344 Wall . JR. Smith . 2938 Jouett . Gridley . 1186 Jocelyn . Jocelyn . . 1559 Munger . . Jocelyn . . 1560 Doolittle S17 381 ITEM Trumbull, Jonathan . Trumbull, Col. John . Trumbull, John (Poet) . Truxton, Thomas . Tupper, Martin F, Twaits, Mr. Tyerman, Daniel Tyler, John . Tynwald Hill Typee God Tyson, Elisha Ullwater, England Ulmus, New Species of . United States, Arms of . United States Capitol, 1814 United States and England United States, Frigate United States and Macedonian Universal Magazine . Unknown Boy . Unknown Man . Unknown Woman Upper Ferry Bridge, Pa. Urania i Urquhart, John Van Buren, Martin Van Rensselaer, Stephen Valentine, The . Valley Forge, Pa. . : Van-ta-gin . . « 6 2 6 « Various Headlands Vaucluse Fountain INDEX CHECK LIST ARTIST ENGRAVER NUMBERS Trumbull . . Pelton . 2525 Waldo& Jewett Durand . .... . 656 Trumbull . . Durand-Maverick 657, 2229 Tisdale . 3256 pet ie tak . Anderson 63 (Medal) - Edwin . 886 (Medal) . Lawson . . 1687 Robertson Tiebout . - 3193 . Kelly . . 1625 . J.R. Smith . 2933 . Pelton . 2526 . Dearborn ~ ATS . Harrison . 1304 Sas . Strickland . . 3076 Street . Cone 423 gees . Leney . 1896 Thomas . Doolittle a fs tonsa . Trenchard . 3281-82 Ryder . Lawson . . 1699 (Caricature) . Akin . 28 PER TS tt . Clarke - 413 Birch . Seymour . 2879 Birch - Tanner . 3143 (Title-page) . Harrison . 1305 + 49 oe ja 8 pe ee 2142-43 Liibber . - Gimbrede . 1105 Sreeiome a . 1880 Weinedel . . Longacre . 2141 Wightman .. Prudhomme . 2620 se nes aie” Pehenmse . 2450 Birch . Plocher . . 2549 Strickland . Plocher . . 2547 (Music-book) Dawkins . ATO é ge ca ok jy Ss ee . 1626 Inman . Chapin . 306 Longacre . . Longacre . 2099 Sa aaa . W.D. Smith . 2965 Dickinson . Durand . . 658 Allston . . Longacre . 2145 Strickland Tiebout . . 3233 . Radcliffe . 2630 . Leney . 1897 . Seymour . 2888 382 ITEM Vaughan, John . Versailles Insurrection . Victuallers’ Procession . Vinton, Robert S. . Virgin Mary Virgin and Child Virginia . . Virginia Coast . Virtue Dispelling aah : Voisin, Mr. Volney, C. F. Voltaire, F. M.A. . Walker, John Walker, Thomas A. Wallis, Miss . Waln, Nicholas - War Canoe War Club, ete. . Ward, Artemus Ware, Thomas . Warner, Hiram Warren, Anna Brunton . Warren, Joseph Warren, Jos., Deathof . Warren, William . Warrington, Lewis Washing Day, The Washington, Bushrod Washington, George . INDEX ARTIST Sully . Bridport Krimmel Raphael (Map) . (Map) . De la Tour DeWiilde Porter . Conarroe Peale Peale Brougham Sully Neagle . Jarvis (Caricature) . . Longacre . Longacre . Neagle ; Akin & Harrison Harding Wood 383 ENGRAVER . Steel . Nesmith . Yeager . Piggot . Pekenino Edwin . Aitken - Lawson . . Smither . . Hill . Maverick . Scoles . Gimbrede . Aill . Maverick . Norman . . Anderson . Edwin . Kelly . . Longacre . Prudhomme . Leney Edwin . Strickland . . Strickland . . Schoff-Kelly. . . Longacre . Prudhomme . Edwin . Edwin . Gimbrede Harris . Kelly . . Norman . Okey . . Norman . . Edwin . Longacre Gimbrede Clay Barralet CHECK LIST NUMBERS . 3017 . 2322 . 3438 . 2544 . 2459 923 ome a . 1700 . 2989 . 1373 . 2260 . 2807 . 1094 . 1373 . 2261 . WAT 69 . 887 . 1627 . 2100 . 2613 . 1864 . 888 . 3077 . 3078 . 1628 . 2101 . 2614 889 Remy (| . 1095 . 1273 . 1629 9348- 49 . 2373 . 2364 . 890 . 2102 . 1096 . 394 . 2103 . 2104 . 2312 22 118 ITEM Washington, George . INDEX ARTIST Stuart .. Houdon Stuart . Trumbull . Weir Eckstein Bartok . Peale Stuart . Trott Robertson Bartoli . Stuart . Trott Stuart . Savage . Houdon Stuart . Barralet Stuart . Stuart . Fairman Stuart . Stuart . 384 CHECK LIST ENGRAVER NUMBERS . Bower 235 - Brunton . 282 . Callender Sth er BSF . Chapin . 307-09 Charles 312 Chorley . <1 See . Clarke . 408-10 . Danforth & Co. . . 456 . Doolittle ~. . 619-21 . Durand . GO . Durand . . 661-62 . Durand . 659 . Durand . 663 . Eckstein 687 . Edwin 905 . Hdwin . . 908 . Edwin . 892, 901 . Edwin-Murray 855 . Fairman . 995 . Fairman . 994 . Field . . . 1004 . Field . . 1005 . Folwell . 1007 . Galland . . 1024 . Gimbrede . 1097 . Gimbrede. . 1098-1100 - Gobrecht - 1115 . Gobrecht 1116-17 - Goodman . 1193 . Goodman & Piggot . . 1156 . Gridley . 1184 . Hamlin . 1236, 1238-41 . Hamlin . . 1937 . O.P. Harrison 1282-83 . R. Harrison . 1806 . R.G. Harrison . 1811-18 . W. Harrison 1291-92 . S. Hill me | . Houston 1465-67 - Houston . 1464 . Jocelyn . . 1561 . Johnston . 1497 . Kearny . 1571 Kelly . 1630-31 . Kennedy - » 1637 ITEM Washington, George . INDEX ARTIST Barralet Birch Houdon Stuart . Stuart . Trott Wright Stuart . Wright . Stuart . Blyth Stuart . Peale . Stuart . Stuart . Peale Stuart . Stuart . Cerrachi Stuart . Stuart . Stuart . Robertson . Savage . Wright . Savage . Stuart . Savage . Stuart . Tisdale . Wright . Peale Savage - Stuart . Fullerton . Stuart . Stuart . Stuart . 385 CHECK LIST ENGRAVER NUMBERS . Kneass 1655-57 . Lawson . 1688-89 . Lawson . . 1690 . Leney . 1666 . Leney . 1869 . Leney 1865, 1867-68 . Longacre 2106-10 . Longacre . 2105 . Manly . 271 . Maverick 2230-31 . Maverick . 2232 . Murray . 2286 . Neagle . 2313 . Nesmith 9319-20 . Norman . . 2351 . Norman . . 2354 . Norman 2350, 2352-53, 2355 . Paradise . 2411 . Paradise . 2412 . Peabody . 2419 . Peale . 2427-29 . Pekenino . 2453 . Pelton . 2527, 2531 . Perkins . . 2539 . Pru@homme . 2615 . PruvVhomme . 2616 . Rawdon . . 2637 . Reed . 2655-56 . Roberts . . 2701 . Rollinson . 2719 . Rollinson . 2718 . Rollinson . 217 . Savage 2752-53 . Savage . 2755 . Scoles . 2809 . Scoles 9810-11 . Scoles . « 2812 . Scoles . . 2808 . Scot . 2863 . Seymour . 2878 . Shallus . 2894 . G.G. Smith . 2907 . G.G. Smith . 2908 . J.B. Smith . 2934 | W.D. Smith , 2966 ITEM Washington, George . Washington Family . Washington Memorial Washington, Martha . Washington, D. C. Washington, Capitol . INDEX ARTIST Dickinson . Stuart . Stuart . Savage . Stuart . Bruaton Stuart . Stuart . Robertson . Wright . Peale Trumbull . Stuart . Stuart . Trott. Wright . Stuart . Savage . Stutson Robertson. Blyth Cooke (Plan) . (Plan) . (Plan) . Birch Bulfinch Rider Doughty Bulfinch Washington, President’s House Catlin Washington, Indian Queen Hotel . Washington Crossing Delaware Sully Washington Funeral Procession . Washington’s Grave . Washington Grays Washington’s Headquarters . Washington Rock . Wasp and Frolic, Battle Shaw Fairman Albright Claxton Birch 386 CHECK LIST ENGRAVER NUMBERS . Steel . 3018 . Steel . . 3019 . Strickland . . 3052 Tanner «on LOS . Tanner 3102-04, 3106 Tanner . 3107 Tiebout . . 3196 . Tiebout . 3194-95 .) Diller . 3241, 3247 . Tisdale . 3257 Todd . . 3271 Trenchard . . 3276 Trenchard . . . .3277-%8 Tucker . 3314 Tucker . 8315 Wightman . . » 3358 Willard . 3390-92 . Woodruff 3406-07 . O10. Wright a2 . . 3415 . J. Wright «is oo Yeager 3428-29 . Savage . 2754 . Hill . 1360 . Longacre . 2111 . Norman . . 2356 . Peale . . 2430 . Bennett . . 149 . Hill . 1414 . Rollinson ~ « « BIQ4 Thackara & Vallance . 3153 . Birch . 5 ine teas 190 . Childs . 879 . Lawson . . 1699 . Steel . 3038 . Stone . 3042-43 . Frederick . 1019 . Kearny . 1575 . Lang . 1672 . Birch . - 1387 . Hill . 1343 . Childs . 380 . Steel . 3036 - Murray . . 2295 . Kearny . . 1581 . Seymour . 2880 ITEM Waterhouse, Benjamin . Waters, Abigail Water Gap, Pa. Watkins, John . Watson, Elkanah . Watson, R. Watts, Isaac . Watts, James - Waugh, Beverly Wayne, Anthony . Weaders, Michel Wear Bridge, England . Webb, Thomas S. . Webster, Daniel Webster, Noah . Weehawken, N. J. . Wellington, Duke of Wells, Joshua Wells, Mrs... . INDEX ARTIST ENGRAVER . «Harris Johnson-Doyle Annin Birch cy ° e ° Wilson . Pine . Peale Elouis Trumbull . Savage . Penniman . Staigg . Morse Bennett Neilson . Darley, DeWilde 387 . Strickland . . Leney . Paradise . Longacre Tucker Childs Cone . Hamlin . . Hill . Ncoles Turner . Pelton . Prudhomme - Hdwin Graham . . Harris . Norman . . Pru@homme . Savage Tanner Warner . Thackara Clarke Tanner . Annin & Smith . Annin : . Dearborn . Dodson-Cheney dire. o-4. . Durand:. Frothingham . . Longacre . Hoogland . Longacre . Durand . Willard . . Bennett . - Durand . . Ellis . Boyd . Gimbrede . Goodman . Rollinson Willard . . Paradise . Leney CHECK LIST NUMBERS . 1274 ats 81 . 3066 . 1870 . WIZ . 2138 . 3313 349 . 444 . 1242 . 1386 . 2814 . 3329 . 2532 . . 2617 . 701, 909 . 1169 . 1275 . 2357 . 9618 . 2756 . 3108 . 3349 . 3148 . 416 3144 . 103 82 46 . 502 576 II . 1434 9119-14 . 664 . 3393 150 677 979 . 266 . 1101 . 1194 . 2722 . 3394 . . 9414 1871-72 INDEX ITEM ARTIST ENGRAVER Welsh Society, Phila. (Certificate) . Barralet . Welsteed, William Copley . . Copley ‘Wemyss, Mr... | Snes, Neagle . . Longacre Wentworth, Wilbrahim . pmclip Revere Wernwag Bridges his . Gridley Wesley, Charles ..3 925%... - Danforth Wiesley, John. .<.) 20m). . Bowen . Durand . emiierues . Graham . Jackson . Longacre es a sete Rk . Longacre Jackson . Munson . . Paradise . Pekenino . Poupard . Scoles . Snyder West, Benjamin . Hdwin Durand . Pate . Longacre West, Benjamin,Jr.. . . . West Tiebout . West, Raphael . . . . . . West . Tiebout . West Point, N. Y. « siwov® . Cooke . Bennett . Livingston Tiebout . West Point Academy .. . Catlin . Hill West Point Monument . . . Shaw . Hill West Rock, Conn. . Fraser . Childs Western Expedition . Sieiiey. star - Graham . Wharton, Escape of Capt. Hoppin . Pru@homme Wheelock, Eleazar .. . . Steward - (euOeds.. White, Elizabeth Eky omesumkagers . Hill White, Henry Kirke . Barber . - Annin . Barber . . Boyd . be . Pelton . Scoles White, Mr. William ¥ acai . Leney . White, Rev. William . Inman . . Dodson . Stuart . . Edwin Otis . . Otis Sully. . Pekenino Stuart . . Tiebout . White, William Charles ...... . Hiil White Mountains, N. H. . Kidder . . Bowen White Plains Battle . (Plan) . - Martin Whitefield, George wibikp sie . Bowen 388 CHECK LIST NUMBERS 120 e 44,0 . 2115 - 665 - 1170 2116-19 - 2120 - 2282 .. « G415 » 2454 - 2552 - 2815 - 2995 910 - 666 - 2121 «ia lO8 - . 3198 - Jbl . 3235 . 1354 . 1343 - « 381 1173-74 . 2621 . 2657 . 1383 ITEM Whitefield, George . Whitney, Eli Wickliffe, John Wignell,Mr. ... Wignell, Anne Brunton Wilberforce, William Wilbur, Hervey Wilkes, Charles. Willett, Marinus William I—England . William IV—England . Williams, Jonathan Williams, John. . Williams, John C. . Williams, Otho H. . Williams, Roger Williams, Stephen Williamson, Hugh Wilmington, Del. . Wilson, Alexander Wilson, James . Wilson, James P. . Wilson, Mr. . . ; Winchell, James M. . Winchester, ElInathan Winder, William H. . Windermere, England . Winnipiseogee Lake . Winthrop, John Winterbotham, William Wirt, William Wissahickon Creek . 389 ARTIST ENGRAVER . Boyd . . . Edwin - Gallaudet ears - Snyder King - Hoogland : . . Snyder .. pine ages op - Dunlap Dunlap - Edwin . Cruikshank . Murray . Cruikshank . Tanner Metcalf - Durand . Sully - Dodson . es - Gimbrede - Leney . aE ae | - Pru@homme - Sully - Dodson . Reese . Gimbrede - Cone . peietion . LeMet Peale . Longacre . Longacre st yaes) ho ay Allen. Trumbull . . Durand . Trenchard . a . Barralet . Peale . Edwin . . Edwin . Shee . Longacre Wood . Boyd . . DeWilde . Leney os . Doyle . Annin & Smith ‘ae . Snyder . Wood . Cone . Loutherbourg Birch . Cole . - Durand . Penniman . Chorley . . Doolittle . Harris . Pelion . Scoles . Tanner tis ta ba ee Longacre . . Longacre Edwin . . Maverick Shaw . Hill CHECK LIST NUMBERS - 6 .! 268 . 912, 961 - » 1025 - 2995 - 1435 - 2995 550 . 918 - 2287 - 3109 667 . 504 - 1103 . 1874 - 2619 . 503 . 1102 - 425 - 1704 - 2122 . 1981 40 - 668 . 3301 119 914 ~~ 915 » 2123 . 269 . 1876 . 104 . 2995 426 157 678 389 . 518 . 1276 . 2534 . 2817 . 3110 916 2194-25 - 2233 . 1343 ITEM Wistar, Caspar . Withero, Capt. . Witherspoon, John Wolcott, John Wolcott, Oliver . Wolfe, Charles . Woman in Boat Wood, James Wood, Juliana W. Wood, William B. . Woodbury, Levi Woodhull, John Woodlands, Pa. Woodworth, Samuel . Woolsey, Elijah Wooster, David Worcester, Samuel Woodsworth, William Wright, Sir Samson . Wright’s Ferry, Pa. . Wroughton, Mr. Wylie, Samuel B. . Wythe, George . Yale College, Conn. Yellow Springs, Pa. . York, Canada York, Attack on York Island . Yorktown, Va. . Yorktown, Siege of - Bridport INDEX CHECK LIST ARTIST ENGRAVER NUMBERS Otis . - Goodman & Piggot 1157-58 Haines . » Haines... 2 ee eee Haines . « JONES .°. 0 San eee Otis . . Longacre... . .« 2196 Otis . « Neagle: « 2°) yameereoee DeWilde . Leney +) . eee as . hdwin' (oc See Peale . Longacre 9. vw) 4 SIRT Peale . Pelton il. aes © Hh er ee eee ae .. Leney’. . San aay Sully « Durand . . ote peeewee ees . Longacre ssa aaa Sola ahs . Sanford 10.) 5 -« nee Russell Willard... «6 eS (Frontispiece) Edwin... . . . 932 8 0 8 oe oe CORR Rs ie ene Peale . Edwin. . 2 eek Sees Sully . Edwin: 's eae. Neagle . . Elle. o 4 Nie eee Longacre . . Longacre . +s « = 9. 2129 . Edwin. s +. ©» 962 Birch . Birch... oh Bae Strickland . Murray .... . . 2296 Birch Tucker | i 08 Ae be eee Freeman . Gimbrede . . . ~* s Y104 Paradise . Paradise .. . . . 670 bay, sa . Longacre... . . » 9130 Morse . Anning Smith . . . 105 Bowall . . Longacre ... . . 2131 Chantry « Pelton. 665 echo Ain ea cae naaper ae . Leney ses Re gn Sat aS . Cooke |. 30 setae ieee DeWilde - Leney: isa 1 page Neagle . . Longacre .. . . .« 2132 ae tS - Leney a) vi tilawaeee . Longacre ... . . 2133 Pratt . Jocelyn .. +. ss wee Andrews . Murrey 2 6 eae Birch .. (Map) . 390 DOROY 6 4 ete eee . Nesmith. « «+ ta 2aet . Bitch: 2 se kyle » Seot.o. scat ieteaee ae - Shallus ... . . « » 2895 ITEM York Springs, Pa. . Young, David Young, Edward Zwingli, Ulric INDEX CHECK LIST ARTIST ENGRAVER NUMBERS Bhai hte HO eee age een Po hetits. way FE ROROR stele) soe te) eee Neagle . . . Longacre ... . .« 2134 Pid gcs nN ee eg! et ee ORDEAL eM own salen ee . Johnston ... . . 1498 . Longacre . . ». » + 2135 . Pekenino . .« . « « 24656 50) Ee Tet OSes eee Le Wagner... . . . 3346 391 ~~ a> Pat ew oa t vids a, Le >» La te (| ees LL, am + i {- no