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| OF AN EDITION OF THREE HUNDRED AND FIFTY COPIES, 
 IN Two ‘VOLUMES, PRINTED ON IMPORTED MOLD- 
 : _ MADE PAPER, AND THREE COPIES ON IMPE- 
 ae RIAL JAPAN PAPER, AND THAT ALL 
 _ WERE PRINTED IN NINETEEN 
 | HUNDRED AND 
 SEVEN ea 
 
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AMERICAN) 
 ENGRAVERS 
 PON COPPER AND STEEL 
 
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AMERICAN 
 
 ENGRAVERS 
 UPON COPPER AND STEEL 
 
 BY 
 
 DAVID MCNEELY STAUFFER 
 
 PART I 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 ILLUSTRATED 
 
 y 
 ee fi 2 
 ——1%A (\, 2 Mti{e 
 
 THE GROLIER CLUB OF THE 
 CITY OF NEW YORK 
 1907 
 
LIST OF PLATES 
 
 REV. RICHARD MATHER ; 
 Engraved on wood by John Foster, 1648-81. 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS BILL OF CREDIT 
 Probably engraved by John Conny, 1690 
 REV. INCREASE MATHER . 
 Engraved by Thomas Ennes, 1701 
 
 TITLE TO PLAN OF BOSTON . 
 Engraved by Thomas Johnston, 1708-67 
 
 REV. BENJAMIN COLEMAN 
 Engraved by Peter Pelham, 1735 
 
 REV. MATTHEW HENRY 
 Engraved by Nathaniel Morse, 1731 
 
 REV. JOSEPH SEWALL . c 
 Engraved by Nathaniel Hurd, 1730- 1 
 
 REV. ISAAC WATTS : 
 Engraved by James Turner, 1746 
 HARBESON BILL-HEAD 
 Engraved by Henry Dawkins, obit 116 
 
 JOHN HANCOCK : 
 Engraved by Paul Padare! 1735-1818 
 
 REV. THOMAS HISCOX . 
 Engraved by Samuel Okey, 1773 
 
 JOHN ADAMS : : 
 Engraved by James amie obit 1800 
 
 JOHN HANCOCK ; 
 Engraved by John parser: obit 1817 
 
 BOOKPLATE: MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 
 Engraved by Joseph Callender, 1751-1821 
 CAPTAIN JAMES COOK . i 
 Engraved by Amos Doolittle, 1764-1889 
 
 BOOKPLATE: NEW YORK SOCIETY LIBRARY 
 Engraved by Peter Rushton Maverick, 1755-1811 
 
 BATTLE OF BUNKER HILL 
 Engraved by Robert Aitken, 1734-1802 
 
 BENJAMIN FRANKLIN . : 
 Engraved by Charles Willson Peale, V741- 1827 
 
 GEORGE WASHINGTON . 
 Engraved by Edward Savage, 1761-1817 
 
 THOMAS JEFFERSON ps 
 Engraved by Cornelius Tiebout, "1770-1880 () 
 
 Vii 
 
 FACING PAGE 
 
 Q 
 
 6 
 
 10 
 
LIST OF PLATES 
 
 FACING PAGE 
 
 JOHN PHILIP KEMBLE... . mem rie shy ne)’. 
 
 Engraved by H. H. Houston, ties in the United Staten! 1796-98 
 THOMAS A. COOPER... . ok Goths ie eee ce 
 Engraved by David Edwin, 1776-1841 
 REV. JOHN M. MASON... . . 166 
 Engraved by George Graham, ease Ne in the United States, 1797-1818 
 WILLIAM SHAKSPERE ... . 2 DSA See ee eee 
 
 Engraved by Robert Field, obit 1810 
 
 PHILIP DORMER STANHOPE, EARL OF CHESTERFIELD .. 182 
 Engraved by John Scoles, obit 1844 
 
 MARQUIS DE LAFAYETTE ee Ee ee ie 
 Engraved by Thomas Clarke, obit 1800 
 
 JAMES A. BAYARD... . jolly, SSS) gi Aiea 
 Engraved by Charles B. J. F. de ‘St. ntiataiale 1770-1852 
 
 REV. JONATHAN EDWARDS . % 1°55) 32 See 
 Engraved by Abner Reed, 1771-1866 
 
 GENERAL CHARLES C. PINCKNEY 20). 35) ee eee eee 
 Engraved by Alexander Anderson, 1775-1870 
 
 STEPHEN GIRARD by Porage aaa 0 ha SE ee eee 
 Engraved by William Chance. obit 1820 
 
 REV. JOHANN FRIEDERICH SCHMIDT... . . 230 
 Engraved by John Eckstein, working in the United Stateh, 1806-28 
 
 HON. JAMES BOWDOIN. .. . oe) fe. al te a ae 
 Engraved by John Rubens Smith, 1770-1849 
 
 ALEXANDER HAMILTON ... . o> ene) aan 
 Engraved by William Satchwell yee 1769-1831 
 
 CAPTAIN JAMES LAWRENCE 2 ee te Ee ee 
 Engraved by William Rollinson, 1762-1842 
 
 HON. TAPPING REEVE... . PEM 
 
 Engraved by Peter Maverick, 1730-1881 
 
 NAPOLEON, FRANCOIS CHARLES JOSEPH o eS Gi ee 
 Engraved by Thomas Gimbrede, 1781-1832 
 
 COLONEL JOHN TRUMBULL... . Pre ee 
 Engraved by Asher Brown Durand, 1796-1886 
 
 THE VELVET HAT .. . So 
 Engraved by John F. E. Prud’ ESS, 1800-1888 
 
 HON. WILLIAM LEWIS... . . 294 
 Engraved by Charles Goodman, 1790-1880, and Robert Piggot, 1795-1887 
 
 CAPTAIN THOMAS GAMBLE... . 5 pon eee ee 
 Engraved by James Barton Longacre, 1704-1869 
 
 THE WOLF AND THE: LAMB... 2.93) 3 ee 
 Engraved by J ohn B. Neagle, 1796-1866 
 
 BEATRICE ss ae gg ne 
 Engraved by: ohh Cheney, 1801-85 
 
 HON. CHARLES CHAUNCEY . 3.) 5 0s) 53) 2° 
 
 Engraved by John Sartain, 1808-97 
 Vill 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 Note. The single date indicates approximately the earliest engraved 
 work found. 
 
 Abernethie, ——_ 
 Adams, Dunlap 
 Aitken, Robert 
 Akin, James 
 
 Akin, Mrs. Jas. 
 Allen, Joel 
 
 Allen, L. 
 
 Allerdice, Samuel 
 Anderson, Alexander 
 Anderson, Hugh 
 Anderson, W. 
 Anderton, G. 
 Andrews, Joseph 
 Annin, Wm. B. 
 Annin & Smith 
 Archer, James 
 Armstrong, Wm. G. 
 Atwood, W. 
 
 B., J. W. 
 
 Babson, R. 
 
 Baker, I. H. 
 Baker, John 
 Balch, Vistus 
 Bannerman, J. 
 Bannerman, W. W. 
 Bannister, James 
 Barber, Chas. E. 
 Barber, John W. 
 Barber, William 
 Barker, William 
 Barnard, W. S. 
 Barralet, Jno. Jas. 
 Bassett, W. H. 
 Bateman, William 
 Bather, George 
 Bather, Geo., Jr. 
 Baulch, A. V. 
 Beau, John Anthony 
 Beckwith, Henry 
 Bennett, Wm. Jas. 
 Best, E. S. 
 Billings, A. 
 Billings, Joseph 
 
 1785 
 1764 
 1734-1802 
 1773-1846 
 1808 
 1755-1825 
 1782 
 —1798 
 1775-1870 
 1811 
 1855 
 1828-1890 
 1805-1873 
 1813 
 1823 
 1834 
 1823-1880+ 
 1840 
 
 1812 
 1860 
 1860 
 1832 
 1799 -1884 
 1800 
 1829 
 1840 
 1840-1892+ 
 1798-1885 
 1807-1879 
 1795 
 1845 
 1747-1815 
 1820 
 1774 
 1850 
 -1890 
 1869 
 1770 
 1842 
 1787-1844 
 1826-1880}: 
 1801 
 1770 
 
 Birch, —— 
 Birch, 'Thomas 
 Birch, William 
 Blake, Wm. W. 
 Blyth, B. 
 Bogardus, James 
 Bolen, J. G. 
 Bolton, J. B. 
 Bona-Parte 
 Bonar, T, 
 
 Booth, T. D. 
 Boudier, 
 Bowen, Abel 
 Bower, John 
 Bowes, Joseph 
 Boyd, John 
 Boynton, G. W. 
 
 Bracket, Miss H. V. 
 
 Bridport, Hugh 
 Brooks, —— 
 Brown, Benjamin 
 Brown, Geo. L. 
 Bruen, R. C. 
 Bruff, Chas. O. 
 Bruls, M. G. de 
 Brunton, Richard 
 Buell, Abel 
 
 Bull, Martin 
 Burgis, William 
 Burnap, Daniel 
 Burt, Charles 
 Butler, —— 
 Butler, J. M. 
 Buttre, Jno. C. 
 
 Cade, J. J. 
 Callender, Benj. 
 Callender, Joseph 
 
 Campbell, A. G. & J. K. 
 
 Campbell, Robert 
 Capewell, Samuel 
 Carey, Peyton 
 Cario, Michael 
 Carpenter, B. 
 
 1X 
 
 1789 
 1779-1851 
 1755-1834 
 
 1848 
 1740-17824 
 1800-1874 
 
 1840 
 
 1841 
 
 1800 
 
 1850 
 
 1830 
 
 1800 
 1790-1850 
 
 1810 
 
 1796 
 
 1811 
 
 1842 
 
 1816 
 1794-1837 
 
 1800 
 
 1812 
 1814-1889 
 
 1820 
 
 1770 
 
 1759 
 
 1781 
 1742-1825 
 1744-1825 
 
 1717 
 
 1800 
 1823-1892 
 
 1835 
 
 1850 
 1821-1893 
 
 1860 
 
 1773-1856 
 
 1751-1821 
 1860 
 1806 
 1860 
 1810 
 1736 
 1855 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 Carson, C. W. 
 Casilear, Jno. W. 
 Chambers, R. 
 Chapin, William 
 
 Chapman, Conrad W. 
 
 Chapman, Jno. G. 
 Chapman, Jno. L. 
 Charles, William 
 Cheney, B. & T. 
 Cheney, John 
 Cheney, Seth W. 
 Childs, Cephas G. 
 Chorley, John 
 Chubb, T. Y. 
 Chubbuck, Thomas 
 Clark, A. 
 
 Clark, James 
 Clarke, Thomas 
 Classen, Wm. M. 
 Clay, Edward W. 
 
 Claypoole, James, Jr. 
 
 Clemens, Isaac 
 Clover, Lewis P. 
 Cobb, G. 
 
 Collard, W. 
 
 Cone, Joseph 
 Conn, James 
 Conny, John 
 Cook, T. B. 
 Cooke, Geo. 
 Cooke, Joseph 
 Copley, Jno. S. 
 Coram, T. 
 
 Cross, A. B. 
 Cross, P. F. 
 Cushman, Geo. H. 
 Cushman, Thos. H. 
 
 Daggett, Alfred 
 Dainty, S. 
 Danby, J. 
 Danforth, M. I. 
 Darby, J. G. 
 Darley, F. O. C. 
 Davies, C. W. 
 Dawes, H. M. 
 Dawkins, Henry 
 Dearborn, Nathaniel 
 Deeley, C. 
 Delaney, J. E. 
 Delliker, George 
 Delnoce, Luigi 
 Dewing, Francis 
 Dick, Alex. L 
 Dodson, R. W. 
 Doney, T. 
 Doolittle, Amos 
 Doolittle, Samuel 
 
 1848 
 1811-1893 
 1820 
 1802-1888 
 1860 
 1808-1890 
 1860 
 -1820 
 1781 
 1801-1885 
 1810-1856 
 1793-1871 
 1818 
 1860 
 1860 
 1825 
 1840 
 1797 
 1840 
 1792-1857 
 1761 
 1776 
 1819-1864} 
 1800 
 1340 
 1814 
 1771 
 1702 
 1809 
 1816 
 1789 
 1737-1815 
 1779 
 1840 
 1856 
 1814-1876 
 1840 
 
 1835 
 1840 
 1822 
 1800-1862 
 1838 
 1822-1888 
 1854.-1901+ 
 1811 
 1754 
 1786-1852 
 1835 
 1850 
 1817 
 1855 
 1716 
 1805—1850+ 
 1812-1867 
 1845 
 1754-1832 
 1804 
 
 Doolittle & Munson 
 Dorsey, Jno. Syng 
 Doty & Jones 
 Dougal, W. H. 
 Draper, John 
 Drayton, J. 
 Dresher, A. 
 Dudensing, R. 
 Duffield, Edward 
 Dunlap, William 
 Dunnel, E. G. 
 Dunnel, Wm. N. 
 Durand, Asher B. 
 Durand, Cyrus 
 Durand, John 
 Durand, Theodore 
 Durand, William 
 Duthie, James 
 
 Earle, J. 
 
 Eckstein, John 
 Eddy, Isaac 
 Eddy, James 
 Edwards, S. Arent 
 Edwin, David 
 
 Emmes, Thomas 
 Engelman, C. F. 
 Entzing-Miller, T. M. 
 Exilious, John G. 
 
 Fairchild, L. 
 Fairman, David 
 Fairman, Gideon 
 Fairman, Richard 
 Farmer, John 
 Felch, 
 Feters, W. T. 
 Field, Robert 
 Fitch, John - 
 Folwell, Samuel 
 Forrest, Ion B. 
 Fosette, H. 
 Foster, C. 
 
 Foster, John 
 Fowle, E. A. 
 
 Fox, Gilbert 
 Frederick, John L. 
 Freeman, 
 Freeman, E. O. 
 Freeman, W. H. 
 French, Edwin Davis 
 Furness, John M. 
 Furst, Moritz 
 
 1842 
 1783-1818 
 1830 
 1808-1853 
 1801 
 1820 
 1860, 
 —1899 
 1756 
 1766-1839 
 1847 
 1845 
 1796-1886 
 1787-1868 
 1792-1820 
 1835 
 1850 
 1850 
 
 1876 
 1806 
 1812 
 1827 
 1862— 
 1776-1841 
 1810 
 1844 
 1821 
 1845 
 1701 
 1814 
 1850 
 1810 
 
 1800-1840} 
 1782-1815 
 1774-1827 
 1788-1821 
 1798-1859 
 1855 
 1820 
 ~1819 
 1743-1798 
 1765-1813 
 1814-1870 
 1850 
 1841 
 1648-1681 
 1848 
 1776 -1806+ 
 1818 
 1816 
 1850 
 1830 
 1851— 
 1785 
 1782—1834+t 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 Gil 1812 
 Galland, John 1796 
 Gallaudet, Edward 1809-1847 
 Gallaudet, Elisha 1730-1800+ 
 Gandolfi, Mauro 1771-1834 
 Garden, Francis 1745 
 Gauk, James 1799 
 Gavin, H. 1796 
 Gavitt, John E. 1817-1874 
 Gaw, R. M. 1829 
 
 Gil, Geronimo A. 1732-1798 
 Giles, Chas. 'T. 1827-1900+ 
 Gillingham, E. 1819 
 Gilman, John W. 1741-1823 
 Gimber, Stephen 1830 
 Gimber, Stephen, Jr. 1845 
 Gimbrede, Jos. Napoleon 1820 
 Gimbrede, Thomas 1781-1832 
 Girardet, P. 1857 
 Girsch, F. 1850 
 Gladding, K. C. 1825 
 Glover, D. L. 1850 
 Gobrecht, Christian 1785-1844 
 Godwin, Abraham 1763-1835 
 Goldthwait, G. H. 1842 
 Goodall, Al. G. 1826-1887 
 Goodman, Charles 1790-1830 
 Graham, A. W. 71834 
 Graham, George 1797 
 Graham, P. P. 1870 
 Gray & Todd 1817 — 
 Greenwood, John 1727-1792 
 Gridley, Enoch G. 1803 
 Gross, J. 1834 
 Haines, D. 1820 
 Haines, William 1802 
 Halbert, A. 1835 
 Hall, Alfred B. 1842-1900+ 
 Hall, Alice, 1847 -1900+ 
 Hall, Chas. B. 1840-1905}: 
 Hall, Geo. R. 1818— 
 Hall, Henry B. 1808-1884 
 Hall, H. B., Jr. -1900+ 
 Hall, Peter 1828-1895 
 Halpin, Frederick 1805-1842} 
 Halpin, John 1850 - 
 Hamlin, Wm. 1772-1869 
 Hamm, Phineas F. 1825 
 Hammond, J. T. 1839 
 Hanks, O. G. 1838 
 Harris, James 1850 
 Harris, Samuel 1783-1810 
 Harrison, Charles 1840 
 Harrison, Chas. P. 1783 -—1850+ 
 Harrison, David 1870 
 Harrison, Richard 1820 
 Harrison, Rich. G. 1814 
 
 Harrison, Rich. G., Jr. 
 
 Harrison, Samuel 
 Harrison, William 
 Harrison, Wm., Jr. 
 Harrison, Wm. F. 
 Hartman, C. 
 Hatch, Geo. W. 
 Hatch, L. J. 
 Havell, Robert 
 Hay, de W. C. 
 Hay, William 
 Hay, Wm. H. 
 Henry, John 
 Herbert, Lawrence 
 Hewitt, 
 Hill, James 
 
 Hill, John 
 
 Hill, John Henry 
 Hill, John Wm. 
 Hill, Samuel 
 Hiller, J., Jr. 
 
 - Hills, J. H. 
 
 se 
 
 Hingston, —— 
 Hinman, D. C. 
 
 Hinschelwood, Robert 
 
 Hobart, Elijah 
 Hollyer, Samuel 
 Hoogland, William 
 Hooker, William 
 Hopkins, Daniel 
 Hoppin, Thos. F. 
 Horner, T. 
 Horton, —— 
 Houlton, J. 
 House, ‘Timothy 
 Houston, H. H. 
 Howe, Z. ; 
 Humphreys, F’. 
 
 Humphrys, William 
 
 Hunt, Samuel V. 
 Huntington, E. 
 Hurd, E. 
 
 Hurd, Nathaniel 
 Hutt, John 
 
 Hutton, Isaac & George 
 
 Hutton, J. 
 
 Iilman Bros. 
 Iilman, G. 
 Illman, H. 
 Illman Sons 
 Illman, Thomas 
 Illman & Pilbrow 
 
 Jackman, W. G. 
 Jackson, —— 
 Jarvis, Jno. W. 
 Jenckes, Joseph 
 
 1860 
 1789-1818 
 -1803 
 1797 
 1831 
 1850 
 1805-1867 
 1875 
 1815 
 1850 
 1819 
 1826 
 1793 
 1748 
 1820 
 1803 
 1770-1850 
 1839 — 
 1812-1879 
 1789 
 1794 
 1845 
 1820 
 1830 
 1812-1860} 
 —1863 
 1826—- 
 1815 
 1805 
 1783 
 1816-—1850+ 
 184.4 
 1830 
 1796 
 —1865 
 1796 
 1797 
 1850 
 1794-1865 
 1803-1893 
 1828 
 1840 
 1730-1777 
 1774 
 1796 
 1825 
 
 1860 
 1855 
 1855 
 1845 
 1824 
 1836 
 
 1841 
 
 1826 
 1780-1839 
 1602-1683 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 Jennys, Rich., Jr. 
 Jewett, Chas. A. 
 Jocelyn, Nathaniel 
 Jocelyn, Simeon S. 
 Johnson, David G. 
 Johnson, W. T. 
 Johnston, David C. 
 Johnston, ‘Thos. 
 Jones, Alfred 
 Jones, A. L. 
 Jones, Benjamin 
 Jones, Fitz-E.id. 
 Jones, R. S. 
 
 Jones, Wm. R. 
 Jordan, Henry 
 Justice, Joseph 
 
 Kearny, Francis 
 Keenan, William 
 Kellogg, J. G. 
 Kelly, J. 
 
 Kelly, Thomas 
 Kennedy, James 
 Kensett, Jno. F. 
 Kensett, Thos. 
 Kernan, F. G. 
 Kershaw, J. M. 
 Key, F.C. 
 
 Key, William H. 
 Kidder, J. 
 Kimberly, Denison 
 Kimmel, P. K. 
 King, G. B. 
 King, James S. 
 
 Kinsey, Nathaniel, Jr. 
 
 Kirk, John 
 Kneass, William 
 Knight, T. 
 Koevoets, H. & C. 
 Kosh, A. E. 
 Kupfer, R. 
 
 Lamb, Anthony 
 Lamb, John 
 Lang, Geo. S. 
 Lavigne, 
 Lawrence, W. S. 
 Lawson, Alex. 
 Lawson, Helen E. 
 Lawson, Oscar A. 
 Leach, Samuel 
 
 Le Count & Hammond 
 
 Leddel, Joseph, Jr. 
 Lee, Homer 
 Leggett, R. 
 Lehman, George 
 Lemet, L. 
 
 Leney, Wm. S. 
 
 1774 
 1816-1878 
 1796-1881 
 1799-1879 
 
 1831 
 
 1850 
 1797-1865 
 1708-1767 
 1819-1900 
 
 1845 
 
 1793 
 
 1854 
 
 1873 
 
 1810 
 
 1836 
 
 1804 
 
 1780-1833} 
 1830 
 1850 
 1851 
 
 1795-1841 
 1797 
 
 1818-1872 
 
 1786-1829 
 1870 
 1850 
 1850 
 1864 
 1813 
 
 1814.— 
 1850 
 1830 
 1852 
 1854 
 
 -1862 
 
 1781-1840 
 1856 
 1870 
 
 1838-1897 
 1865 
 
 1760 
 1756 
 1799 -1883+ 
 
 1814 
 1840 
 1773-1846 
 1830 
 1813-1854 
 1741 
 1840 
 1752 
 1855 -1903+ 
 1870 
 
 1769-1831 
 
 Lepelletier, — 
 Lewis, J. 
 Lewis, J. O. 
 Lincoln, Jas. S. 
 Longacre, Jas. B. 
 Love, G. 
 
 Lovett, Robert 
 Lowe, R. 
 Lownes, Caleb 
 Lybrand, J. 
 
 M., J. 
 
 Maas, Jacob 
 McCabe, E. 
 McCarthy, —— 
 McCluskey, Wm. 
 McGoffin, John 
 McLellan, H. B. 
 McRae, John C. 
 Mackensie, E. 
 Macklow, J. 
 Main, William 
 Major, Jas. Parsons 
 Malcolm, Jas. P. 
 Manly, John 
 
 ' Manzo, José 
 
 Marchant, B. 
 Mare, John de 
 Marsac, Harvey 
 Marsh, Wm. R. 
 Marshall, 
 Marshall, Wm. E. 
 Martin, D. 
 
 Martin, E. 
 
 Martin, J. B. 
 Martin, Robert 
 Mason, Alva 
 Mason, D. H. 
 Mason, Wm. G. 
 Maverick, Ann 
 Maverick, Emily 
 Maverick, Maria A. 
 Maverick, Peter 
 Maverick, Peter, Jr. 
 Maverick, Peter R. 
 Maverick, Samuel 
 
 Maverick, Samuel R. 
 
 Maxon, Charles 
 Meadows, C. 
 Meadows, R. M. 
 
 Medairy & Bannerman 
 
 Merchant, G. W. 
 Meyer, Henry H. 
 Meyrick, Richard 
 Middleton, Thomas 
 Moffat, J. 
 Molineux, —— 
 
 Montgomery, R. 
 
 1814 
 1780 
 1815 
 1811-1887 
 1794-1869 
 1807 
 1816 
 1838 
 1775 
 1820 
 
 1758 
 1824 
 1855 
 1860 
 
 1845 
 
 1813-1883 
 1860 
 1855 
 1833 
 1833 
 1821 
 
 1818-1900 
 
 1767-1815 
 1790 
 
 1789-1840 
 1816 
 1850 
 1834 
 1833 
 1804 
 
 1837-1900} 
 1796 
 1826 
 1822 
 1860 
 1819 
 1805 
 1822 
 1840 
 1830 
 1830 
 
 1780-1831 
 1840 
 
 1755-1811 
 1824 
 1835 
 1833 
 1850 
 1817 
 1828 
 1834 
 1834 
 1729 
 1814 
 1830 
 1831 
 1781 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 Moore, Isaac W. 
 Moore, T. 
 Morgan, Geo. T. 
 Morin, J. F. 
 Morse, Hazen 
 Morse, Nathaniel 
 Morse & Tuttle 
 Mote, W. H. 
 Mottram, C. 
 Mould, J. B. 
 Mulliken, Jonathan 
 Mumford, E. W. 
 Munger, George 
 Munson, S. B. 
 Murphy, —— 
 Murray, George 
 Murray, John 
 
 Neagle, James 
 Neagle, John B. 
 Nesmith, J. H. 
 Newcomb, D. 
 Newman, B. F. 
 Newsam, Albert 
 Nichols, Fred. B. 
 Norman, John 
 
 O’Brien, R. 
 O’Neill, John A. 
 Oakley, F. F. 
 Oertel, Johan A. 
 Okey, Samuel 
 Ormsby, W. L. 
 Osborn, M. 
 Osborn, Milo 
 
 - Ostrander, P. 
 Otis, Bass 
 Ourdan, Jos. J. P. 
 Ourdan, Jos. P. 
 
 Ourdan, Vincent Le C. 
 
 Page, William 
 Palmer, J. 
 Papprill, Henry 
 Paquet, Anthony C. 
 Paradise, Jno. W. 
 Parker, Chas. H. 
 Parker, George 
 Parkyns, Geo. I. 
 Paul, E. 
 
 Peabody, M. M. 
 Peale, Chas. W. 
 Pease, Jos. I. 
 Pease, Richard H. 
 Peasley, A. M. 
 Pekenino, Michele 
 Pelham, Henry 
 Pelham, Peter 
 Pelton, Oliver 
 
 1831 
 1845 
 1845-1892; 
 1825 
 1824 
 -1748 
 1840 
 1835 
 1855 
 1830 
 1780 
 1835 
 1783-1824 
 1830 
 1807 
 -1822 
 1776 
 
 1770-1822 
 1796-1866 
 1805 
 1820 
 1860 
 1809-1864 
 1894-1905 
 1748-1817 
 
 1823-1901} 
 1765 
 1809-1883 
 1812 
 1836 
 1850 
 1784-1861 
 1803-1874 
 1828-1881 
 1855— 
 
 1811-1885 
 1826 
 1849 
 
 1814-1882 
 
 1809 —1862 
 
 1795-1819 
 1832 
 1795 
 1855 
 1823 
 
 1741-1827 
 
 1809 —1883 
 1857 
 1804 
 1821 
 
 1749 —1806 
 
 -1751 
 
 1799 -1860+ 
 
 Perine, Geo. E. 
 Perkins, E. G. 
 Perkins, Jacob 
 Perkins, Joseph 
 
 Phillibrowne, Thomas 
 
 Phillips, Charles 
 Picart, B. 
 Pierpont, Benj., Jr. 
 Piggot, Robert 
 Platt, H. 
 
 Plocher, Jacob J. 
 Pollock, T. 
 
 Porter, J. T. 
 
 Posselwhite, Geo. W. 
 
 Poupard, James 
 Price, George 
 
 Prud@homme, J. F. E. 
 
 Punderson, L. S. 
 Pursell, Henry 
 Pursell, 
 
 Quarre, F. 
 
 Radcliffe, C. 
 Ralph, W. 
 Rawdon, Freeman 
 Rawdon, Ralph 
 Reason, Philip H. 
 Reed, Abner 
 Reich, John 
 Reiche, F. 
 
 Revere, Paul 
 Reynolds, ‘Thomas 
 Rice, E. A. 
 
 Rice, James R. 
 Rice, W. W. 
 Richardson, S. 
 Ridgway, W. 
 Riley, 
 Ritchie, Alex. Hay 
 Roberts, 
 Roberts, John 
 Robertson, 
 Robertson, W. 
 Robin, Augustus 
 Robinson, —— 
 Robinson, W. 
 Roche, 
 Rogers, John 
 Rollinson, Charles 
 Rollinson, Wm. 
 Rolph, J. A. 
 Romans, Bernard 
 Rosenthal, Albert 
 Rosenthal, Max 
 Rost, Christian 
 Rothwell, J. 
 Ruggles, E., Jr. 
 
 1837-1885 
 1831 
 1766-1849 
 1788-1842 
 1834 
 1842 
 1800 
 1778 
 1795-1887 
 1832 
 —1820 
 1839 
 1815 
 1822-1899} 
 1774 
 1826-1864} 
 1800-1888 
 1850 
 1775 
 1820 
 
 1850 
 
 1805 
 1794 
 1804-1860} 
 1813 
 1850 
 1771-1866 
 1806 
 1795 
 1735-1818 
 1786 
 1845 
 1824-18764 
 1846 
 1795 
 1854 
 1800 
 1822-18864: 
 1841 
 1768-1803 
 1815 
 1831 
 1870 
 1815 
 1830 
 1791 
 1808-1888 
 1808 
 1762-1848 
 1834 
 1720-1784: 
 1863— 
 1833-— 
 1850 
 1841 
 1790 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 St. Memin, C. B. J. 
 F. de 
 Sacheverell, John 
 Sadd, H. S. 
 Sanford, I. 
 Sartain, Emily 
 Sartain, Henry 
 Sartain, John 
 Sartain, Samuel 
 Sartain, Wm. 
 Saulnier, H. E. 
 Savage, Edward 
 Savory, —— 
 Saxton, Joseph 
 Scacki, Francisco 
 Schlecht, Charles 
 Schoff, Stephen A. 
 Schoff, P. R. 
 Schofield, Louis S. 
 Schoyer, Raphael 
 Schwartz, C. 
 Scoles, John 
 Scot, Robert 
 Scott, Joseph T. 
 Sealey, Alfred 
 Serz, J. 
 Seymour, Jos. H. 
 Seymour, Samuel 
 Shallus, Francis 
 Sharpe, C. W. 
 Sherman & Smith 
 Sherratt, Thomas 
 Shields & Hammond 
 Shipman, Charles 
 Shirlaw, Walter 
 Shotwell, H. C. 
 Simmone, T. 
 Simmons, Joseph 
 Simpson, M. 
 Skinner, Charles 
 Smillie, James 
 Smillie, Jas. D. 
 Smillie, Wm. C. 
 Smillie, Wm. M. 
 Smith, C. H. 
 Smith, G. 
 Smith, Geo. G. 
 Smith, H. W. 
 Smith, John R. 
 Smith, R. K. 
 Smith, Sidney L. 
 Smith, Wm. D. 
 Smither, James 
 Smither, Jas., Jr. 
 Snyder, H. W. 
 Soper, R. F. 
 Sparrow, T. 
 Spenceley, J. W. 
 
 1770-1852. 
 1732 
 1840 
 1783 
 
 1841-1905+ 
 
 1833-1895 
 
 1808-1897 
 
 1830-1905+ 
 
 1843 -1906+ 
 1830 
 
 1761-1817 
 1830 
 
 1790-1873 
 1815 
 
 1843-1905+ 
 
 1818-1905 
 1850 
 
 1868 —1905+ 
 1824. 
 1814 
 1793 
 1783 
 1795 
 
 1862 
 
 1878 
 1791 
 1797 
 
 1821 
 1850 
 1841 
 1870 
 1840 
 1768 
 
 1838-1906} 
 1853 
 1814 
 1765 
 1855 
 1867 
 
 1807-1885 
 
 1833-1906}; 
 
 1813-1899+- 
 
 1835-1888 
 1855 
 1790 
 
 1858 
 
 1828-1879 
 
 1770-1849 
 1824 
 
 1845 —1906+ 
 1829 
 1768 
 1803 
 1797 
 
 1831 
 1770 
 1865 -1906+ 
 
 Spencer, Asa 
 Spencer, W. H. 
 Stalker, E. 
 
 Steel, Alfred B. 
 Steel, J. 
 
 Steel, James W. 
 Steeper, John 
 Stiles, Samuel 
 Stoddart, G. 
 Stone, Henry 
 Stone, Wm. J. 
 Stone, Mrs. W. J. 
 Storm, G. F. 
 Story, Thomas C. 
 Stout, Geo. H. 
 Stout, James D. 
 Stout, James V. 
 Strickland, Wm. 
 Stuart, F. T. 
 Swett, C. A. 
 
 Tanner, Benjamin 
 Tanner, Henry S. 
 Tappan, W. H. 
 Taylor, T. 
 
 Teel, E. 
 
 Terril, Israel 
 Terrill Bros. 
 Terry, W. D. 
 Thackara, 
 Thackara, James 
 Thackara, Wm. W. 
 Thew, Robert 
 Thompson, 
 Thompson, D. G. 
 Thompson, J. D. 
 Thornhill, —— 
 Thornton, William 
 Throop, D.S. 
 Throop, J. V.N. 
 Throop, O. H. 
 Tiebout, Cornelius 
 Tiller, Robert 
 Tiller, Robert, Jr. 
 Tisdale, Elkanah 
 Todd, A. 
 Topham, 
 Toppan, Charles 
 Torrey, C. C. 
 Trenchard, E. C. 
 Trenchard, James 
 Tripler, H. E. 
 Tucker, Wm. E. 
 Tully, Christopher 
 Turner, James 
 Tuthill, W. H. 
 
 Underwood, Thomas 
 
 XIV 
 
 ~-1847 
 1825 
 1815 
 1850 
 1850 
 1799-1879 
 1762 
 1830 
 1835 
 1826 
 1822 
 1840 
 1834 
 1837 
 1830 
 1813 
 1834 
 1787-1854 
 1850 
 1860 
 
 1775-1848 
 1786-1858 
 1840 
 1860 
 1830-1859 
 1806 
 1868 
 1836 
 1775 
 1767-1848 
 1791-1839 
 1850 
 1834 
 -1870 
 1860 
 1810 
 1761-1827 
 1824 
 1835 
 1825 
 -1830 
 1818 
 1828 
 1771-18344 
 1812 
 1852 
 1796-18684; 
 1815 
 1798 
 1777 
 1850 
 1801-1857 
 
 1795-1849 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 Valdenuit, 
 Valentine, Elias 
 Vallance, John 
 Verger, P. C. 
 Vernon, T. 
 
 Wagner, H. S. 
 Wagner, William 
 Wagstaff, C. E. 
 Walter, Adam B. 
 Warner, C. J. 
 Warner, Geo. D. 
 Warner, William 
 Warnicke, Jno. G. 
 Warr, John 
 
 Warr, John, Jr. 
 Warr, W. W. 
 Warren, A. C. 
 Watts, J. W. 
 Wells, J. 
 
 Welch, Thomas B. 
 Wellmore, E. 
 Wellstood, James 
 Wellstood, Jno. G. 
 Wellstood, Wm. 
 Weston, Henry W. 
 Westwood, Charles 
 Whelpley, P. M. 
 White, Geo. H. 
 White, G. I. 
 
 1796 
 1810 
 —1823 
 1796 
 1853 
 
 1850 
 1820 
 1840 
 1820-1875 
 1796 
 1791 
 1813-1848 
 -1818 
 1821 
 1825 
 1830 
 1819-1904 
 1850 
 1836 
 1814-1874 
 1834 
 1855-1880 
 1813-1889+ 
 1819-1900 
 1803 
 1851 
 1845 
 1870 
 1825 
 
 White, Thomas S. 
 
 Whitechurch, Robert 
 
 Wiggin, J. 
 Wightman, Thomas 
 Wilcox, J. A. J. 
 Willard, Asaph 
 
 Williams, E. G. & Bro. 
 
 Williams, H. 
 Willson, J. 
 Wilmer, Wm. A. 
 Wilson, Alexander 
 Wilson, D. W. 
 Wilson, James 
 Wilson, W. W. 
 Wise, 
 Wissler, Jacques 
 Wood, J. 
 Woodcock, T. S. 
 Woodruff, Wm. 
 Woodward, E. F. 
 Wooley, Wm. 
 Worship, —— 
 Wright, C. C. 
 Wright, G. 
 Wright, Joseph 
 Wrightson, J. 
 
 Yeager, Joseph 
 Young, James H. 
 Young & Delleker 
 
 XV 
 
 1734 
 1814-1883+ 
 1810 
 1802 
 1875 
 1819 
 1880 
 1819 
 1800 
 1834 
 1766-1813 
 1825 
 1813 
 1850 
 1850 
 1803-1887 
 1826 
 1830 
 1817 
 1839 
 1800 
 1815 
 ~1854 
 1837 
 1756-1793 
 1860 
 
 1815 
 1817 
 1840 
 
PREFACE 
 
 THE following notes upon about seven hundred Ameri- 
 can engravers wpon copper and steel, are presented to 
 those interested with a full sense of probable omissions 
 and possible errors of statement. Some years have been 
 spent in gathering the necessary material from many 
 and widely scattered sources. In the absence of any col- 
 lected literature upon this subject, a close study of many 
 thousands of the earlier American engravings has been 
 made the foundation of this series of sketches, and the 
 information thus secured has been supplemented by 
 whatever could be gathered ‘from the newspapers, di- 
 rectories, and other publications of the period, and by 
 correspondence with the descendants of engravers. In 
 this connection, the writer would eapress his deep obliga- 
 tion to those whose interest in this work has induced them 
 to courteously place at his disposal such pertinent ma- 
 terial as came to their hands from time to time. 
 
 There are many books treating of foreign engravers 
 and their work; but with scarcely an exception the writ- 
 ers of these books ignore the existence of the art of en- 
 graving in America. The reason for much of this neg- 
 lect is apparent. The great majority of the.early Ameri- 
 can engravers were relatively obscure men; many of 
 
 xvil 
 
PREFACE 
 
 them were gold- and silver-smiths, only working wpon 
 copper to meet a limited local demand, and the resultant 
 prints rarely found their way across the sea. As a mat- 
 ter of fact, the only record we have of the eaistence, as 
 engravers, of a number of these early men is the few im- 
 pressions of a plate accidentally preserved. But as a 
 record of men and events connected with our early his- 
 tory, and as marking the evolution of the art wpon this 
 continent, even these crude efforts are interesting and 
 historically important. | 
 
 The sketches themselves are confined to such detail of 
 the professional life of the engraver as could be found; 
 and when the subject of the sketch is known for what he 
 has accomplished in another field, this fact is simply 
 noted. As before stated, the prints themselves, and 
 their signatures, dates, and publishers form the basis 
 of these studies; and as the engravers of bank-notes 
 rarely signed their work, a number of worthy engravers 
 of this class have doubtless been overlooked. The 
 American painter-etcher, as a rule, has been purposely 
 omitted, as not properly coming within the scope of the 
 present work. 
 
 The purpose of the writer, in gathering this material, 
 has been two-fold. In the first place, he here attempts at 
 least a beginning in the historical preservation of the 
 names of many men who worked in an humble but ear- 
 nest manner in establishing in this country the art of en- 
 graving upon metal; and a number of the American 
 successors of these pioneers achieved honorable distinc- 
 tion as engravers, and their work is well worthy of rec- 
 ord for its intrinsic merit. In the second place, the 
 
 XViil 
 
PREFACE 
 
 writer trusts that his labors may be of use to those inter- 
 ested in the preservation and study of early American 
 engravings. 
 
 T'o the end that this record may be extended and 
 corrected, the writer would be deeply indebted for any 
 further detail concerning the men here noted, or for 
 information as to new men. 
 
 DAVID MCNEELY STAUFFER. 
 
 Yonkers, N. Y., July 1, 1905. 
 
 XIX 
 
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NOTES 
 UPON COPPERPLATE ENGRAVING IN 
 THE UNITED STATES 
 
 It is impossible to definitely state when and where the 
 first attempt was made to engrave upon wood or metal 
 on the North American continent, or in that part of it 
 now known as the United States. For political reasons, 
 those controlling Colonial affairs forbade the establish- 
 ment of the printing-press upon these shores for nearly 
 a century after the first settlement. And, in fact, there 
 was very little demand for printing or engraving until 
 after the wilderness had been in some measure con- 
 quered, and until permanent communities of consider- 
 able importance had been established. 
 
 Basing the statement solely upon such evidence as has 
 been preserved, we can only say that one Joseph Jenckes 
 is credited with having cut the dies for the Pine-tree 
 Shilling of 1652, at the Lynn iron-works in the Colony 
 of Massachusetts Bay; and John Foster, who established 
 the first printing-press in Boston, engraved upon wood 
 a portrait of the Rev. Richard Mather, which appears as 
 a frontispiece to a life of that divine published at Cam- 
 bridge, New England, in 1670. 
 
 But the scarcity of metallic money among the early 
 colonists, and the necessary issue of a paper currency to 
 meet this condition, probably created the first serious 
 demand for the work of a copperplate engraver. The 
 
 Xx1 
 
NOTES 
 
 Colony of Massachusetts Bay authorized the issue of a 
 paper currency in 1690—the first among the American 
 Colonies to thus relieve its monetary wants: and, judg- 
 ing from the crude character of the notes then circulated, 
 the plate was engraved by some silversmith trained to 
 engrave script, arms, and ornament upon silver-plate or 
 pewter platters. This Massachusetts paper money was 
 counterfeited almost as soon as issued; and this fact is 
 sufficient evidence that the Colonial authorities did not 
 employ all the engraving talent then available in New 
 England. The simplicity of design and the coarseness 
 of execution made imitation easy; and the early records 
 of Massachusetts Bay teem with complaints against this 
 fraudulent money; and that the Colonial Treasury might 
 distinguish the good from the bad, it was compelled to 
 resort to secret marks and to peculiar sequences and ar- 
 rangement of the names signed to its own notes. 
 
 In this early paper money of Massachusetts the en- 
 graved portion included a more or less ornamental head- 
 line of scroll-work, the seal of the Colony, and script 
 setting forth the authority, place and date of issue and 
 the denomination. The back of the first issue was left 
 blank; the top edge of the note was “indented,” and each 
 was signed by three members of a specially appointed 
 committee. 
 
 The immediate effect of the circulation of the fraudu- 
 lent money referred to was an attempt to improve the suc- 
 cessive issues of the Treasury’s notes. The money of 1702 
 shows a more complicated design in the seal and the 
 script is better engraved than is the money of 1690; in 
 1718 the back of the bill was decorated with a very ornate 
 cypher; the notes of 1736 are almost above criticism in 
 the script-engraving and ornamentation; and the issues 
 of 1742 and 1744 are so well engraved throughout that 
 there is a strong probability that these plates were made 
 in England. 
 
 XXxli 
 
NOTES 
 
 The first copperplate engraver of record in the Ameri- 
 ean Colonies is John Conny, a goldsmith and silversmith 
 of Boston. Conny made the plates for the Massachusetts 
 “bills of credit” of 1702, as is shown by the records of the 
 colony; and there is sufficient similarity between this 
 issue and the earlier one of 1690, to make it probable that 
 he engraved the plates for that bill as well. But the 
 first man to attempt the engraving of a portrait upon 
 copper seems to be Thomas Emmes, of Boston, who in 
 1701 little more than scratched upon that metal a copy of 
 an English engraving of the Rev. Increase Mather, 
 which was used as a frontispiece to a sermon of that 
 worthy published in Boston in that year. 
 
 Foster, Conny and Emmes were all doubtless New 
 England men by birth: but in 1715 there arrived in Bos- 
 ton, probably from London, one Francis Dewing, who 
 advertised his varied accomplishments as follows: “He 
 engraveth and Printeth Copper Plates. Likewise Coats 
 of Arms and Cyphers on Silver Plate. He likewise cuts 
 neatly in Wood and Printeth Callicoes.” This notice 
 shows the combination of the copperplate engraver with 
 the decorator of silver-plate; and the last clause in the 
 notice refers to the repeating designs then cut upon 
 heavy blocks of pear-wood, and used in hand-printing 
 with dyes upon cotton cloth. In 1722 Dewing engraved 
 a large plan of the town of Boston, which was probably 
 the first engraving of its class made in this country; 
 though the Hubbard map of New England, published 
 in 1677 and credited to John Foster, antedates it as a 
 ‘map engraved upon wood. 
 
 About this time, at least two other American-born en- 
 gravers were working in Boston. These were Thomas 
 Johnston, born in that town in 1708, who was doing 
 some good work in 1729; and Nathaniel Morse, who en- 
 graved a respectable copperplate portrait published in 
 1781. ere also engraved the plates for some of the 
 
 XXxiil 
 
NOTES 
 
 early Massachusetts money. But the first man who pro- 
 duced a really meritorious portrait plate in this country 
 was undoubtedly Peter Pelham, who painted and then 
 engraved in mezzotint, in 1727, a portrait of the Rev. 
 Cotton Mather. By a curious coincidence, this is the 
 third member of this famous New England family to 
 find a place in our record of the earliest portraits en- 
 graved in America. 
 
 While the other engravers mentioned were self-taught, 
 or engraved on copper simply as a branch of the silver- 
 smith’s trade, Pelham was a thoroughly trained engraver 
 in mezzotint, had engraved many portraits of notable 
 people, and had achieved considerable fame as an en- 
 graver before some now unknown cause induced him to 
 leave London, and its field for profitable employment, to 
 cast his lot with the people of Boston. And Pelham’s 
 departure for New England so far removed him from 
 his contemporaries that, until corrected by the late Mr. 
 Whitmore, English writers upon the art of engraving 
 assumed that he died about 17380, or just about the time 
 that he disappeared from London. ‘They were ignorant 
 of the fact that he remarried in Boston, taught school, 
 and painted and engraved portraits in that city until his 
 death, which actually occurred in 1751. 
 
 This mention of Pelham suggests the remark that 
 mezzotint engraving is not of such recent date in the 
 United States as some writers upon the subject assume. 
 As noted above, the first really good portrait plate pro- 
 duced in America was a mezzotint; and about this same 
 date William Burgis scraped a rather poor mezzotint 
 view of the lighthouse near Boston; and the stepson of 
 Peter Pelham—the later famous artist John Singleton 
 Copley—about 1765, made at least one mezzotint por- 
 trait, that of the Rev. William Welsteed. Somewhat 
 later than this, we have the respectable mezzotint work of 
 Richard Jennys and Samuel Okey, in 1773 and 1774, 
 
 XXIV 
 
NOTES 
 
 and that of Charles Willson Peale in 1787, and of Ed- 
 ward Savage in 1791. 
 
 In the quarter century just preceding the outbreak of 
 the American Revolution there was a somewhat rapid in- 
 crease in the number of engravers in the Colonies; though 
 the volume of work was not large, including a few por- 
 traits, some views of prominent buildings, and maps, 
 book-plates, bill-heads, and engraved music. In addition 
 to the names already mentioned, we note for this period 
 the following men among the recognized engravers: In 
 the New England section, James Turner, Nathaniel 
 Hurd, Paul Revere, Joseph Callender, and Amos Doo- 
 little; in New York, Michel Godhart de Bruls, Elisha 
 Gallaudet, Peter Rushton Maverick, and Bernard Ro- 
 mans; and in Philadelphia, Henry Dawkins, John 
 Steeper, James Claypoole, Jr., James Smither, John 
 Norman, James Poupard, and Robert Aitken. Some of 
 these men do not appear as engravers until 1775; and 
 others, as Dawkins, Turner, and Norman, worked at 
 different times in several colonies. 
 
 In the Southern Colonies, prior to the Revolution, the 
 printing-press and what pertained to it found little en- 
 couragement, and book-plates and other minor engraved 
 work usually came from England. Prior to 1775 we 
 find but one engraver located south of the Mason and 
 Dixon Line; Thomas Sparrow, of Annapolis, who en- 
 graved title-pages, book-plates, and some woodcuts, and 
 conspicuously signed his name to the plates for the 
 Maryland paper money of 1770-74. The only other 
 Southern engraver approaching the date of 1775 is 
 Thomas Coram, of Charleston, S. C., who designed and 
 engraved the plates for the South Carolina money of 
 1779. 
 
 With the outbreak of the Revolution a popular de- 
 mand arose for other portraits than those of clergymen 
 and college benefactors: and to this event we are indebted 
 
 XXV 
 
NOTES 
 
 for the Samuel Adams of Revere and Okey, the John 
 Hancock by Revere, the early portraits of Washington, 
 and the remarkable series of American generals and 
 statesmen engraved by John Norman. To these we 
 should add the battle scenes of Romans and Doolittle 
 and early maps of the seat of war. With scarcely an ex- 
 ception these patriotic efforts were exceedingly crude in 
 design and execution and are now only prized for their 
 historical interest and their relative rarity. 
 
 The peace of 1782, and the consequent fairly rapid 
 development of the American States, brought some en- 
 couragement to the fine arts in the new republic. But so 
 far as engraving was concerned this movement was slow. 
 It was not until 1794 that a meritorious plate of any de- 
 scription was engraved, for the first time in our art his- 
 tory, by a man born on American soil and regularly — 
 trained as a professional engraver. 'This honor belongs 
 to Cornelius Tiebout, a native of New York and the 
 descendant of a Dutch-Huguenot ancestor who settled 
 on Long Island in the seventeenth century. This claim 
 is made with all due regard for the creditable portraits 
 engraved by Charles Willson Peale and Edward Savage 
 several years before Tiebout published his John Jay in 
 London. Both Peale and Savage were Americans by 
 birth, and both were trained to engrave in England; but 
 while Peale and Savage did comparatively little engrav- 
 ing and were actually portrait-painters, Tiebout devoted 
 his life to producing and publishing prints. 
 
 The life record of Cornelius 'Tiebout is somewhat ob- 
 scure. We know that he was engraving in line in New 
 York as early as 1789, and that he went to London with 
 the purpose of learning to engrave under competent 
 masters of the art. 'Tiebout made excellent use of his op- 
 portunities and became a very good stipple-engraver, 
 abandoning the line work of his earlier period. In De- 
 cember, 1794, he engraved and published in London his 
 
 XXV1 
 
NOTES 
 
 large print of the ““Anthophile,” after a painting by J. 
 Green; and in April, 1795, he published in the same city 
 his quarto portrait of John Jay. Tiebout returned to the 
 United States in 1796; established himself in business in 
 New York, and then in Philadelphia, as a professional 
 engraver, and his name is signed to a large number of 
 important plates. 
 
 Tiebout, however, soon after his arrival here, found 
 two formidable rivals in the production of portraits in 
 stipple, in the person of the Irishman, Houston, who was 
 engraving in Philadelphia in 1796; and in David Kd- 
 win, the son of an English comedian of some reputation, 
 who came to the same city in 1797. Houston apparently 
 soon returned to England; but Edwin remained in the 
 United States and became one of the most prolific and 
 popular portrait engravers of his period. 
 
 After 1800 the number of engravers in the United 
 States increases too rapidly for separate mention in this 
 place, and there was a marked advance in the quality of 
 the work performed. This double gain may be accounted 
 for in several ways. The few good engravers now estab- 
 lished in the country soon gathered pupils about them 
 and taught others to engrave. ‘Then, too, there was a 
 rapidly growing demand for good illustrative work in 
 the magazines started, such as the “Port Folio” and the 
 “Analectic,” and in the many American reprints of 
 standard English books. These books were generally 
 illustrated by well-engraved copperplates, which were 
 copied, and served as excellent models for our own en- 
 gravers. Among these reprints one of the earliest and 
 most important was the American edition of Rees’ Ency- 
 clopedia, published by Thomas Dobson, of Philadelphia, 
 in 1794-1808. This publication appeared in many vol- 
 umes, and the amount of illustrative work was so great 
 that the names signed to the plates included about all the 
 engravers then actively employed in the United States. 
 
 XXvil 
 
NOTES 
 
 Bank-note work had a very considerable influence 
 upon the advancement of engraving in this country in 
 the first quarter of the last century. In 1810 the Ameri- 
 can, Jacob Perkins, devised means for substituting steel 
 for copper in the engraved bank-note plate; thus provid- 
 ing a material that admitted of much finer work and at 
 the same time vastly prolonged the useful life of the plate 
 itself. Perkins, Cyrus Durand, and other ingenious 
 Americans invented or improved the transfer-press, 
 geometrical lathe, and other mechanical appliances use- 
 ful in bank-note work, and so cheapened the process that 
 a decided impetus was given to the business—especially 
 as this was an era of paper money in the States. Bank- 
 note engraving establishments sprang into existence in 
 all our larger cities; and as the engraving of the vignettes 
 and the ornamentation and lettering of the plates de- 
 manded the highest grade of work and furnished regular 
 and profitable employment, we find that practically all 
 the trained line-engravers during the first half century 
 were thus engaged at some period in their professional 
 career. Among these we may note such well-known 
 names as Armstrong, Bannister, Burt, Casilear, Dan- 
 forth, Hatch, Alfred Jones, Pease, Schoff, and the 
 Smillies. Even the master among American line-en- 
 gravers, Asher B. Durand, was for some time engaged 
 in the manufacture of bank-notes, in association with his 
 brother, Cyrus Durand, and with C. C. Wright and 
 Joseph Perkins. 
 
 By the middle of the last century American bank-note 
 engraving had become deservedly famous throughout 
 the world; much work was done for foreign govern- 
 ments, and in this class of work our engravers are still 
 preéminent. 
 
 Another considerable field for the early American 
 engraver was opened by the publication of the once 
 popular and handsomely illustrated Annuals, first 
 
 XXVili 
 
NOTES 
 
 issued by the Ackermans, of London. ‘These books con- 
 tained small landscape plates, ideal heads, and subject 
 plates usually beautifully engraved in line after the 
 paintings of foreign or American artists. It is among 
 these small Annual plates, engraved by such men as A. 
 B. Durand, John Cheney, Danforth, Prud’homme, and 
 others that we find some of the most pleasing and best 
 examples of pure line work executed in the United 
 States. | 
 
 James Barton Longacre, a designer, engraver and 
 print-publisher of Philadelphia, also had a part in rais- 
 ing the standard of engraving in this country. In 18382, 
 in connection with James Herring, Longacre undertook 
 the publication of “The National Portrait Gallery,” a 
 collection of portraits and brief biographies of prominent 
 American warriors and statesmen. In planning this 
 work the standard of excellence in the engraved portraits 
 was set so high that the promoters of the enterprise were 
 - unable to find a sufficient number of skilled engravers to 
 supply the plates in the time required. To meet this 
 emergency they induced trained engravers to come from 
 England and from the Continent to work especially up- 
 on the “Gallery” plates. Some of these men returned 
 home after executing their commissions; but a consider- 
 able number of them established themselves in business 
 here, to the advantage of the art generally. 
 
 With the last quarter of the last century, however, 
 came the beginning of the end of hand-engraving upon 
 metal for purposes of popular illustration. This some- 
 what abrupt and almost total disappearance of an art 
 honored for more than four centuries, 1s directly trace- 
 able to the mvention and rapid development of repro- 
 ductive processes, combining the use of the camera and 
 purely mechanical and chemical methods. By utilizing 
 these processes the material for ordinary illustrative pur- 
 poses is produced so rapidly and so cheaply that the 
 
 XxXix 
 
NOTES 
 
 comparatively slow and costly hand-engraving has be- 
 come commercially impossible. Properly handled this 
 process-work is satisfactory for the purpose intended; 
 and in the more popular forms it has the decided 
 advantage over copperplate work of permitting its 
 use with type, at one printing; the separate and 
 costly printing on the plate-press being no longer 
 necessary. 
 
 It must be admitted that in this substitution of me- 
 chanical means for the work of the burin handled by a 
 master in the art, we lose much of the power, brilliancy, 
 and color seen in the plates of some of the old hand-en- 
 gravers. But, on the other hand, these cheap and rapid 
 processes add enormously to the volume of illustrative 
 matter; and while there is far too much of certain 
 classes of newspaper plates, the photographic nature of 
 the abundant illustrations of the present day is storing 
 up valuable material for the future historian. By 
 combining color-printing with these processes, art is 
 also promoted by a wider distribution of satisfactory 
 copies of the work of the masters of this and of past 
 centuries. 
 
 One field alone is left open to the old-time hand-en- 
 graver upon copper and upon steel, and that is the pro- 
 duction of bank-note vignettes and the lettering of the 
 plates. And that this field still remains is not due to any 
 reverence for the art or its traditions, but rather to the 
 very prosaic fact that by utilizing this skilled, slow, and 
 costly work, the makers of bank-notes believe that they 
 are making imitation more difficult. Eiven now, the 
 cost of hand-engraving upon steel would be practically 
 prohibitory, were it not that by the use of the transfer- 
 press and other ingenious mechanical appliances, one 
 expensive steel vignette can be made to do duty in a 
 number of separate designs by transferring it upon 
 copper and then differentiating it by appropriate ac- 
 
 XXX 
 
NOTES 
 
 cessories engraved upon this copperplate. As a matter 
 of fact the original steel vignette is never used for 
 printing. 
 
 Hand-engraving upon copper and steel as an art is 
 dead, never to be revived; but it must always be honored 
 for its intrinsic merits, for its possibilities, and for its 
 loving traditions. 
 
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 ABERNETHIE 
 
 In the “History of the Revolution of South Carolina,” 
 by David Ramsay, M. D., published by Isaac Collins, 
 Trenton, N. J., 1785, there are several maps of military 
 operations, marked Abernethie Sc. Charleston. They are 
 well engraved, and this same name is signed to several 
 book-plates of Southern men. 
 
 ADAMS, DUNLAP 
 
 The “Pennsylvania Gazette,’ Sept. 6, 1764, contains 
 the following announcement: : 
 
 “Dunlap Adams. Engraver in Front-street, between 
 Chesnut and Walnut streets, informs the Publick. That 
 he does all kinds of engraving on Gold, Silver, Copper, 
 Brass, Ivory, &c. As he is but lately come to Town, and 
 of course has not so much Business as he could do, any 
 Persons who are pleased to favour him with their Work, 
 may depend on his doing it punctually to the Time ap- 
 pointed, and in the neatest Manner. He also makes the 
 nicest pierced or plain Medals in Gold or Silver. Like- 
 
 3 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 wise, he proposes to teach Writing at his House, from 
 Eleven to One o’clock, at two Dollars per Month.” 
 No copperplate work by Dunlap Adams is known. 
 
 AITKEN, ROBERT 
 
 Born at Dalkeith, in Scotland, in 1734; died in Phila- 
 delphia, July 15, 1802. Aitken appears in Philadelphia 
 as a printer and publisher in 1769; returned to Scotland 
 in the same year, but came back to Philadelphia in 1771. 
 He issued the “Pennsylvania Magazine, or American 
 Monthly Museum,” from January, 1775, to June, 1776. 
 For this magazine he engraved the vignette on the title- 
 page, after a design by Pierre EK. du Simitiere, and a 
 number of the illustrations; among the latter were some 
 of the first views of military operations in the Revolution 
 ever engraved. While done on copper the work is crude, 
 plainly showing an unpractised hand. But in the “Penn- 
 sylvania Evening Post,” May 22, 1777, we find the state- 
 ment, “All kinds of Engraving done in the neatest man- 
 ner at R. Aitken’s book-store,” implying that he was 
 ready to do other work than that intended for his own 
 magazine. 
 
 AKIN, JAMES 
 
 Born about 1773, probably in South Carolina; died in 
 Philadelphia, July 18, 1846, “aged 78 years.” Akin 
 came to Philadelphia from Charleston, S. C., and was 
 for a time a clerk in the State department under Tim- 
 othy Pickering (1795-1800). 
 
 His earliest work as an engraver is found in John 
 Drayton’s “View of South Carolina,” Charleston, S. C., 
 
 4 
 
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BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 1802, and in Dobson’s edition of Rees’ Encyclopedia, 
 Philadelphia, 1794-1803; he signed the latter plates as 
 J. Akin, Sc. So. Carolina. 
 
 Akin then went to New England; as in 1804 he was 
 engraving book illustrations in Salem, Mass., and in 
 1806 he was established in Newburyport in the same 
 State. He painted portraits in water-colors and is cred- 
 ited with having issued a series of local caricatures of 
 New England men, a few of which have been seen by the 
 writer. Thomas Leavitt, of Hampton Falls, N. H., an 
 intimate friend of Akin, is said to have had quite a col- 
 lection of these caricatures, which was scattered and lost 
 by his descendants. 
 
 In 1808 Akin returned to Philadelphia and advertised 
 himself as then located “just above the Upper Ferry 
 over Schuylkill, where he means to persue his business, 
 etc.” In 1811 his name appears in the Philadelphia di- 
 rectories as an “engraver,” and, excepting in 1814-17, 
 inclusive, the name of James Akin is printed continu- 
 ously in these directories until 1846; but the occupation 
 is variously given as engraver, designer, druggist, eat- 
 ing-house keeper and draftsman for patents. He drew 
 caricatures upon stone for the lithographers, engraved 
 book-plates, and for a time he published prints in con- 
 nection with William Harrison, Jr. 
 
 The will of James Akin was probated Aug. 14, 1846, 
 and is on record in Philadelphia. In it he leaves to his 
 widow, Ophelia, “my best friend in this world,” his house 
 at No. 18 Prune St., Philadelphia, two hundred shares 
 of stock of the Bank of South Carolina, and twenty-five 
 shares of the Planters & Mechanics Bank of Charleston 
 
 5 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 —all for life, with remainder to his children. He men- 
 tions one daughter, Caroline Christie Akin, and a sister, 
 Eliza Akin, of Charleston, S. C. The name of his 
 widow, Ophelia Akin, appears in the Philadelphia direc- 
 tories until 1854. 
 
 AKIN, MRS. 
 
 Mrs. Akin is supposed to have been the wife of James 
 Akin, who was established as an engraver in Newbury- 
 port, Mass., in 1806—08. The only evidence we have of 
 her work as an engraver, however, is a certificate of 
 membership issued by the orphan asylum of Newbury- 
 port, evidently in the beginning of the last century. The 
 heading to this certificate represents a woman seated un- 
 der a tree and surrounded by children, with drapery 
 above the containing oval and crossed palms below. The 
 certificate below declares that “Mrs. Akin furnishes each 
 member with a specimen | of her abilities in the graphic 
 arts.” 'The plate is otherwise unsigned. 
 
 ALLEN, JOEL 
 
 Born in 1755, at Farmington, now Southington, 
 Conn.; died in 1825. Joel was the son of Daniel Allen, 
 a storekeeper of Farmington, but he later settled in 
 Middletown, Conn., owned property there, and there did 
 much of his engraving. For these biographical points 
 we are indebted to the courtesy of Mr. Albert C. Barnes, 
 librarian of the Connecticut Historical Society. Mr. 
 Barnes adds that Allen served in the Revolution, was 
 a man of artistic temperament, and very versatile. 
 
 His first dated work was for Williams Law’s “Select 
 
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 Harmony,” published in 1779. He engraved plates for 
 Maynard’s edition of “Josephus,” New York, William 
 Durell, 1792, and in the same year a map of Connec- 
 ticut, published in Middletown by William Blodgett. 
 In 1796-97 he was engraving portraits for a history of 
 France, published in Philadelphia, and he worked for 
 Boston publishers at a seemingly later date. As an en- 
 graver the work of Allen was very crude, and in line. It 
 is possible that he learned to engrave with Kensett, of 
 Cheshire, Conn. 
 
 ALLEN, L. 
 
 The only engraving seen by the compiler, and signed 
 by L. Allen as engraver, is a quarto mezzotint portrait 
 of Rev. Stephen Williams, D.D., first pastor of the 
 church at Longmarsh, Mass. As the inscription records 
 his death on June 10, 1782, the plate must have been en- 
 graved after that date. 
 
 The crudity of the work and the fact that the portrait 
 is that of an American divine, are the only reasons for 
 including L. Allen in this list, as nothing more is known 
 about him. The plate bears evidence of having been en- 
 graved prior to 1800. 
 
 ALLEN & GAW 
 
 The above names, as Allen & Gaw Sc., are signed to a 
 “Chart of Boston Harbor, Surveyed in 1817 by Alex". 
 S. Wadsworth, U.S.N., by order of Com®. William 
 Bainbridge, to whom it is most respectfully inscribed.” 
 This map, 35% x 41 ins. in size, was published by John 
 Melish, Philadelphia, 1819. 
 
 7 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 The Gaw of the above firm was possibly R. M. Gaw, 
 who was seemingly in the employ of Peter Maverick, of 
 Newark, N. J., in 1829, and was then engraving archi- 
 tectural plans and elevations. 
 
 ALLERDICE, SAMUEL 
 
 This copperplate engraver was a pupil, and later a 
 partner, of Robert Scot, of Philadelphia; and the firm of 
 Scot and Allerdice made a large number of the plates 
 for Dobson’s edition of Rees’ Encyclopedia, Phila- 
 delphia, 1794-18083. According to the death-notices 
 in “Claypoole’s Advertiser,” “Samuel Allerdice, en- 
 graver,’ died in Philadelphia on Aug. 24, 1798. 
 
 Over his own name Allerdice engraved in line a few 
 portraits for Hume’s “History of England,” published 
 by R. Campbell, Philadelphia, 1795. He was an indif- 
 
 ferent engraver. 
 
 ANDERSON, ALEXANDER 
 
 Born in New York City, April 21, 1775; died in Jer- 
 sey City, N. J., April 18, 1870. Anderson early became 
 interested in copperplate engraving and was self-taught; 
 but, yielding to the wishes of his family, he studied medi- 
 cine, and in 1796 was graduated from the Medical De- 
 partment of Columbia College as an M.D. He was 
 again engraving on copper in New York in 1797, and 
 the next year he permanently abandoned medicine for 
 the burin. 
 
 He engraved a number of copperplates and attained 
 very considerable proficiency in that branch of his art. 
 
 8 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 But in 1820 Dr. Anderson became interested in the 
 wood-engravings of Bewick and his followers, and he so 
 much improved upon the work of his predecessors in this 
 country that he is generally recognized as the Father of 
 Wood-Engraving in the United States. His use of the 
 “white line’ in wood-engraving was peculiarly success- 
 ful and effective. 
 
 ANDERSON, HUGH 
 
 The name of this good engraver in line and in stipple 
 appears in the Philadelphia directories for 1811-19 and 
 1822-24, inclusive; he engraved a large number of the 
 plates appearing in S. F’. Bradford’s Philadelphia edi- 
 tion of the Edinburgh Encyclopedia; and he also made 
 portraits and other illustrations for the Philadelphia 
 book publishers. Anderson possibly was trained abroad, 
 and belonged to the group of Scotch engravers who came 
 to the United States in the first decade of the last cen- 
 tury. 
 
 As late as 1835 a Hugh Anderson was engraving on 
 copper and on wood in St. Clairville, O. This may have 
 been the Philadelphia engraver, but the inferiority of the 
 work of the later man would lead us to doubt this. 
 
 ANDERSON, W. 
 
 About 1855 this excellent engraver of portraits and 
 landscape was working for the engraving firm of C. A. 
 Jewett & Co., of Cincinnati, O. Much of his work will 
 be found in the “Ladies Repository” published in that 
 city. 
 
 9 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 ANDERTON, G. 
 
 Born in London about 1828; died about 1890, says 
 Mr. Samuel Hollyer. Anderton was a good engraver of 
 portraits in both the stipple and mezzotint manner; he 
 was engraving in the United States as early as 1850, and 
 for a time he was in the employ of J. M. Butler,of Phila- 
 delphia. Some of these prints are signed G. J. Ander- 
 ton, though the style would lead us to suppose that it is 
 the same man mentioned above. 
 
 ANDREWS, JOSEPH 
 
 Born in Hingham, Mass., Aug. 17, 1805; died in Bos- 
 ton, May 7, 1873. Andrews was apprenticed at an early 
 age to the Boston engraver Abel Bowen, and from him 
 and from Wm. Hoogland he learned to engrave. In 
 1827 —or in 1829, according to W. J. Linton—he joined 
 the firm of Carter, Andrews & Co., of Lancaster, Mass., 
 F. Andrews being his brother. A very prosperous busi- 
 ness was established in engraving, printing, and publish- 
 ing, and Linton says that the firm employed as many as 
 fourteen engravers at one time, though these were chiefly 
 wood-engravers. The firm failed as a result of the fi- 
 nancial panic of 1833. 
 
 Joseph Andrews is said to have executed his first plate 
 on steel in 1829, after a painting by Alvan Fisher. In 
 1835 he went to England and received instruction from 
 the London engraver Goodyear; he then worked in 
 Paris, and while in the latter city he engraved a head of 
 Franklin, from the Duplessis portrait, for the works 
 of Franklin edited by Jared Sparks. After a short stay 
 in the United States, Andrews again visited Europe in 
 
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 he engraved six plates for the “Gallerie Historique de 
 Versailles,” published in Paris. Andrews went to Paris 
 for a third time in 1858; and in 1855 he commenced his 
 chief plate—“Plymouth Rock, 1620,” engraved after a 
 painting by Rothermel. This plate was not completed 
 until 1869, and in its execution it consumed nearly half 
 of this engraver’s time for fourteen years. 
 
 Joseph Andrews ranks among the best of American 
 line-engravers and especially excelled in portrait work. 
 In the course of his professional career in the United 
 States he seems to have had a number of business asso- 
 ciates, as we find plates signed by his name coupled with 
 those of Carter, F’. Andrews, Thos. Kelly, S. A. Schoff, 
 H. Wright Smith, Wagstaff and W. H. Tappan. 
 
 ANNIN, WILLIAM B. 
 
 This engraver was probably a pupil of Abel Bowen, 
 of Boston, as he was working for that master in 1813 and 
 for some years thereafter. He then engraved both por- 
 traits and views for a time over his own name; but as 
 early as 1823 he was associated with the Boston engraver 
 George Girdler Smith, and the firm of ANNIN & SMITH 
 produced a considerable quantity of good work. Annin 
 was largely engaged in map engraving and is credited 
 with having engraved the once celebrated Loring 
 globes. 
 
 Annin & Smith were for some time engaged in the 
 lithographic business, under the name of the Annin & 
 Smith Senefelder Lithographic Company, of Boston. 
 In 1831 Annin & Smith sold out the lithographic busi- 
 
 11 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 ness to W. S. Pendleton, who continued the business as 
 the Senefelder Company, of the same city. 
 
 ARCHER, JAMES 
 
 James Archer was the engraver of the majority | 
 of the large plates illustrating Hinton’s “History and 
 Topography of the United States,” published in Boston 
 in 1834, ‘These views of American scenery are generally 
 drawn by American artists; and on several of the plates 
 the engraver signs himself J. Archer, Sc. Boston. Noth- 
 ing more is known about him by the compiler; though, as 
 an English engraver of this name was engraving land- 
 scape plates for London publishers in 1882, it is possible 
 that he came to the United States especially to engrave 
 the plates in the edition of Hinton referred to. 
 
 A James Archer was engraving book and magazine 
 iUlustrations in 1855 for C. A. Jewett & Co., of Cincin- 
 nati, O.; but while these plates are similar in character to 
 _ the Boston work of 1834, it can not be positively stated 
 
 that they were executed by the earlier James Archer. 
 
 ARMSTRONG, WILLIAM G. 
 
 Born in Montgomery Co., Pa., in 1823; and was liv- 
 ing in Philadelphia in 1880. Armstrong was a pupil of 
 James B. Longacre and he became a meritorious line-en- 
 graver of portraits. His signed work is not abundant, as 
 he devoted a large part of his professional life to bank- 
 note engraving. ; 
 
 ATWOOD, J. 
 Was a map engraver working in Philadelphia about 
 1840. 
 12 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 BABSON, R. 
 
 Stipple portraits, of little merit, are signed by Babson. 
 About 1860 he was apparently in the employ of Joseph 
 Andrews, of Boston, as we find plates signed Eng’d at 
 J. Andrews by R. Babson. 
 
 BAKER, I. H. 
 
 This good engraver of portraits in the stipple manner 
 was working in Boston about 1860. 
 
 BAKER, JOHN 
 
 About 1832 J. Baker designed and etched a large 
 plate in line of the “Battle of Bunker’s Hill,” and about 
 the same time two separate plates of “Washington Cross- 
 ing the Delaware.” These three plates were published by 
 Humphrey Phelps, of New York. He also engraved in 
 line a very large plate (21.6 x 28.9 ins.) of the “Resur- 
 rection of Christ,” which was “Designed & Engraved 
 by John Baker,” and was published in 1835 by Justin 
 Pierce, of New York. It is an ambitious piece of work 
 and fairly well executed; but the drawing is somewhat 
 peculiar, the two virgins gazing upon the angel at the 
 door of the tomb being in very modern dress. 
 
 BALCH, VISTUS 
 
 Born in Williamstown, Mass., Feb. 18, 1799; died at 
 Johnstown, N. Y., Oct. 25, 1884. Vistus Balch was the 
 son of Joseph and Mary (Watson) Balch, and a lineal 
 descendant of John Balch who came to Cape Ann, Col- 
 ony of Massachusetts Bay, in 1623, from Somersetshire, 
 England. 
 
 Vistus Balch first appears as an engraver in Utica, 
 
 13 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 N. Y., where he worked largely for the book publisher 
 W. Williams, of that place. He was also for a time a 
 member of the engraving firm of Balch, Rawdon & Co. 
 of Albany, N. Y. About 1830 he left Utica for New 
 York with Samuel Stiles, and under the firm name of 
 Balch & Stiles they did considerable work in the latter 
 city. Over his own name Balch engraved plates for the 
 “New York Mirror,” and a large number of portraits 
 and book illustrations for the publishers. He worked in 
 line and his plates possess merit. 
 
 Balch drew upon stone, about 1825, a very creditable 
 portrait of Dr. Samuel L. Mitchell; which was published 
 by Imbert, the pioneer lithographer of New York City. 
 
 BANNERMAN, J. | 
 
 Bannerman engraved in a crude manner two portraits 
 of Franklin, one in line and the other in stipple, for the 
 Works of Franklin, published in Huntingdon, Pa., in 
 1800. In 1802, he was performing better portrait work 
 for a Baltimore publisher; but he seemingly left very 
 little signed work. 
 
 BANNERMAN, W. W. 
 
 As early as 1829 Medairy & Bannerman were engrav- 
 ing book illustrations for the publishers of Baltimore, 
 Md. Bannerman himself was engraving hard-line por- 
 traits in Baltimore in 1842; but he is best known by his 
 series of full-length portraits of statesmen, etched for 
 the “United States Magazine and Democratic Review” 
 in 1840-45. These plates are chiefly remarkable for the 
 very bad drawing in the accessories to the portraits. 
 
 14 
 
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 THOMAS JOHNSTON 
 
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 BANNISTER, JAMES 
 
 This meritorious line and bank-note engraver was born 
 in England, and was lately living in New York, at 
 a very advanced age. According to Mr. Alfred Jones, 
 Bannister was an apprentice in the engraving establish- 
 ment of A. L. Dick, of New York; and his earlier signed 
 work is chiefly in the form of portraits, though he also 
 made some book illustrations. He became interested in 
 bank-note work at an early date, and for some years he 
 was the treasurer of the Homer-Lee-Franklin Bank 
 Note Co., of New York. 
 
 BARBER, CHARLES E. 
 
 Son of William Barber noted below. Born in London 
 in 1840; was living in 1892. Charles KE. Barber was ap- 
 _ pointed an assistant engraver in the U. S. Mint at Phila- 
 delphia in 1869; and upon the death of his father in 1880 
 he was made his successor as chief engraver. Mr. Bar-_ 
 ber’s best work is to be found in the medals struck for — 
 Presidents Garfield and Arthur, the Indian peace medal, 
 and the Great Seal of the United States. He is said to 
 have been peculiarly happy in “catching a likeness.” 'The 
 work of his department was enormously increased by the 
 number of medal dies demanded by the War Depart- 
 ment, and for other Government purposes, and the med- 
 als struck under his direction are models of their kind. 
 
 BARBER, JOHN WARNER 
 Born in Windsor, Conn., Feb. 2, 1798; died in 1885. 
 Barber was apprenticed to Abner Reed, at Kast Wind- 
 sor, Conn., where Reed was then conducting a bank-note 
 15 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 engraving establishment; and in 1823 Barber established 
 himself in the engraving business in New Haven. But 
 Barber soon became deeply interested in historical work, 
 driving about the country in search of information, and 
 in 1827 he published his first book, “Historical Scenes in 
 the United States.” He published a dozen or more works 
 of this description and some of them are illustrated by 
 copperplates “Drawn & Engraved by J. W. Barber, N. 
 Haven.” ; | 
 
 Mr. W. J. Linton says that Barber engraved about 
 400 woodcuts, from original drawings by himself, in 
 1856-61, for a proposed book to be called “The Past and 
 Present of the United States.” 
 
 BARBER, WILLIAM 
 
 Born in London, May 2, 1807; died in Philadelphia, 
 August 81, 1879. Barber came to the United States with 
 his father, John Barber, and from the latter he learned 
 to engrave upon silver-plate, and for about ten years he 
 followed this business in Boston. In 1865 he was em- 
 ployed as an engraver in the U.S. Mint, in Philadelphia, 
 as an assistant to James B. Longacre, then chief en- 
 graver. Upon the death of Mr. Longacre, William Bar- 
 ber, in January, 1869, was appointed his successor, and 
 he served in that position until his death. 
 
 BARKER, WILLIAM 
 Barker was chiefly a map engraver, and he made a 
 number of the maps published in Matthew Carey’s At- 
 las, Philadelphia, 1795. His name appears in the Phila- 
 16 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 delphia directories for 1795-96 and 1800-08, inclusive; 
 in 1797 he was in New York working for the “New Ency- 
 clopedia,” published by John Low. Barker also engraved 
 maps and diagrams for Dobson’s edition of Rees’ Ency- 
 clopedia, Philadelphia, 1794—1803. 
 
 Barker was a capital script engraver; one of his best 
 examples being the title-page to Birch’s “Views of 
 Philadelphia,” published in 1800. 
 
 BARNARD, W. S. 
 
 About 1845 this engraver of book illustrations was 
 working for New York publishers. His name as en- 
 graver is found coupled with that of A. L. Dick, and he 
 was probably in the employ of Dick. Other prints are 
 found signed T'uthill & Barnard, Se. 
 
 BARRALET, JOHN JAMES 
 
 Born in Dublin, of French parentage, about 1747; 
 died in Philadelphia, Jan. 16, 1815. He was buried from 
 the house of W. H. Morgan, the Philadelphia print pub- 
 lisher. Westcott, in his history of Philadelphia, says that 
 Barralet came to that city about 1796, and painted por- 
 traits and landscapes in water-colors and designed work 
 for the engravers. He engraved a few plates, in both 
 stipple and line, with no unpractised hand; and for a 
 time he was associated in business with the Philadelphia 
 engraver Alexander Lawson. This latter connection, 
 however, was very short lived, as Barralet is described as 
 a highly irritable and eccentric individual, very difficult 
 to manage. David Edwin credits Barralet with the in- 
 
 17 
 
“AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 vention of a ruling machine for bank-note work. Barra- 
 let’s name appears in the Philadelphia directories for 
 1797-1807 and 1813-14, inclusive; with his occupation 
 sometimes noted as “engraver,” but more frequently as 
 “artist.” His engraved plates are very few in number, 
 but he designed a number of plates for other en- 
 gravers. 
 
 BASSETT, W. H. | 
 
 The only examples of this engraver’s work are found 
 by the compiler in “The Poetical Works of John Trum- 
 bull,” published in Hartford, Conn., in 1820. These are 
 vignettes and general illustrations fairly well executed; 
 and the character of the work suggests that Bassett was 
 a bank-note engraver. The plates are designed by E. 
 
 Tisdale, and the latter engraved some of them 
 himself. : 
 
 BATHER, GEORGE 
 
 Born in England and came to the United States about 
 1851. He was chiefly employed as an engraver of por- 
 traits by Samuel Hollyer and J. C. Buttre in New 
 York. 
 
 BATHER, GEORGE, JR. 
 
 This portrait engraver was a son of the above, and died 
 in Brooklyn in 1890. He was employed for a number of 
 years in the engraving establishment of Buttre. 
 
 BATEMAN, WILLIAM 
 
 Bateman advertised in the “New York Mercury,” 
 18 : 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 Dec. 1, 1774, as “Engraver on stone, steel, silver and 
 copper; coats of arms, crests, cyphers, figures, heads and 
 fancies, in the neatest manner.” 
 
 No copperplate signed work is known to the writer. 
 
 BAULCH, A. V. 
 
 All that is known of this engraver is that he did some 
 excellent line work for the Appletons, of New York, in 
 1869, after designs by F’. O. C. Darley. 
 
 BEAU, JOHN ANTHONY 
 
 In the “New York Journal,” Dec. 13, 1770, John An- 
 thony Beau advertises as “Engraver and chaser.” He 
 was evidently an engraver upon silver-plate; though, like 
 many others of his trade, he may have engraved upon 
 copper. 
 
 BECKWITH, HENRY 
 
 Born in England and gained considerable reputation 
 there for his admirable engravings of animals after the 
 paintings of Landseer. Beckwith was working in New 
 York in 1842—43 in connection with Alfred Jones; but he 
 is best known in this country for his landscape work after 
 American artists. He died a few years ago. 
 
 BENNETT, WILLIAM JAMES 
 
 Born in England in 1787, says Dunlap; but as Ben- 
 nett was engraving aquatint plates in London in April, 
 1808, this date is probably in error; he died in New York 
 in 1844. Dunlap says that Bennett was a pupil of the 
 London engraver William Westall; and that in 1805 he 
 
 19 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 was attached to the medical staff of the English army in 
 the Egyptian and Italian campaigns. 
 
 Bennett came to New York in 1816, as a painter of 
 landscape in water-colors and a draftsman for engravers. 
 As an engraver he worked in aquatint, and produced a 
 number of good views for the New York magazines, 
 chiefly of points of interest about New York. Bennett 
 was made an Associate of the National Academy of De- 
 sign in 1827, and he became an Academician in 1828. 
 For some years he was the curator of the academy. 
 
 BEST, E. S. : 
 
 Born in London in 1826; and came to the United 
 States about 1850. He seems to have settled in Phila- 
 delphia, as he worked for some years in the engraving 
 and print publishing establishment of J. M. Butler, of 
 that city. His best plate is “Washington at Valley 
 Forge,’ a royal folio line plate after the painting by C. 
 Scheussele. 
 
 BILLINGS, A. 
 
 An elaborately designed but poorly engraved book- 
 plate of Richard Varick, an officer of the Revolution and 
 Mayor of New York in 1801, is signed A. Billings, 
 Sculpt. He was the preceptor in engraving of Abraham 
 Godwin about 1782. 
 
 BILLINGS, JOSEPH 
 This Joseph Billings, “silversmith and watchmaker” 
 by trade, was one of the early forgers of Colonial paper 
 money, whose name is handed down to us in a proclama- 
 20 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 tion issued on Jan. 15, 1770, by John Penn, Lieutenant- 
 Governor of the Province of Pennsylvania. 
 
 According to this document—which calls for his ar- 
 rest—Joseph Billings “feloniously forged and counter- 
 feited the Bills of Credit of the Province and passed the 
 same. Fe is described as “a very remarkable person, 
 being 6 Feet 5 Inches high, long-necked and raw-boned, 
 about 50 years of Age . . . but often passes by the name 
 of Doctor Billings, ete.” 
 
 BIRCH, 
 
 In 1789 Dobson & Lang, of Philadelphia, printed a 
 small volume entitled “An Easy and Compendious Sys- 
 tem of Short Hand,” written by Thomas Sarjeant. The 
 frontispiece to this work is a well-engraved portrait of 
 Mr. Tho. Gurney, signed Birch, Sculp. 
 
 William Birch, the well-known engraver of the “Views 
 of Philadelphia,” was living at Hampstead Heath, Eng- 
 land,in 1788—91,and he did not come to this country un- 
 til 1794. While William Birch is known to have en- 
 graved at least one portrait, this portrait is in stipple; 
 whereas that of Gurney is in line, with accessories that 
 suggest a book-plate engraver. 
 
 In the “New York Packet,’ Dec. 16, 1784, one B. 
 Birch advertises that he “engraves seals, copperplates, 
 cyphers and crests,” but no signed work of this B. Birch 
 is known. It is possible that he was the engraver of the 
 Gurney plate. But, on the other hand, the book which 
 contains this plate is a reprint of a much earlier English 
 edition; and the portrait plate may have been imported 
 from England for this American edition. 
 
 21 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 BIRCH, THOMAS 
 
 Born in London about 1779; died in Philadelphia, 
 Jan. 14, 1851. Thomas was the son of William Birch, 
 the engraver, and came to Pennsylvania with his father 
 in 1794, first settling at Neshaminy Bridge, Bucks Co., 
 Pa., and he removed to Philadelphia about 1800. 
 Thomas Birch is said to have assisted his father in mak- 
 ing the plates for Birch’s “Views of Philadelphia’; and 
 these plates were issued in 1800 as Drawn and Engraved 
 by W. Birch & Son. But it is probable that Thomas 
 Birch was chiefly engaged upon the drawing. No plates 
 are known to the writer engraved by the younger Birch. 
 
 Thomas Birch early turned his attention to portrait 
 painting; but after 1807 he devoted himself to marine 
 painting and achieved reputation. A number of his rep- 
 resentations of naval battles in the War of 1812 have 
 been engraved. 
 
 BIRCH, WILLIAM 
 
 Born in Warwickshire, England, April 9, 1755; died 
 in Philadelphia, Aug. 7, 1834. Birch was an enamel 
 painter and engraver; for a time he was working in Bris- 
 tol, and in 1788-91 he was engraving prints and publish- 
 ing them at Hampstead Heath, near London, and he 
 was later living in London. In 1794 he came to Phila- 
 delphia with a letter of introduction from Benjamin 
 West to the Hon. William Bingham, and in that city he 
 painted landscape in water-colors and miniatures in 
 enamel; among the latter were several portraits of Wash- 
 ington done after the Stuart head. 
 
 The earlier engraved work of Birch was executed in 
 
 22 
 
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 stipple and was much more finished than that published 
 in this country. His one known portrait, that of Mrs. 
 Robinson, engraved after a portrait by Sir Joshua Rey- 
 nolds, belongs to this period and is an excellent piece of 
 work. In 1791 he published in London a quarto volume 
 entitled “Délices de la Grande Bretagne,” a collection 
 of views of places in the neighborhood of London, and 
 well done in stipple. | 
 
 His reputation as an American engraver is founded 
 upon his “Views of Philadelphia,” drawn and engraved 
 in 1798-1800 in connection with his son Thomas Birch, 
 later well known as a landscape and marine painter. In 
 1808 he also issued a smaller series of plates showing the 
 country seats of the United States. ‘These views are now 
 chiefly valued for their historical interest. His “Views 
 of Philadelphia” were republished by him in 1802, and 
 again republished by Robert Desilver in 1841. 
 
 BLAKE, WILLIAM W. 
 
 In 1848 Blake was engraving views of business build- 
 ings; and he then had an engraving establishment at 167 
 Broadway, New York. 
 
 BLYTH, B. 
 
 Among the prints exhibited at the late exhibition of 
 the work of early American engravers at the Boston 
 Museum of Fine Arts, was a mezzotint allegorical com- 
 position signed Cole del—Blyth Fecit. 'The print is en- 
 titled “Sacred to Liberty or an Emblem of ye Rising 
 Glory of ye American States.” Among other emblems 
 are a tree on a sea-shore supporting a heart-shaped es- 
 
 23 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 cutcheon with thirteen stars; one of two genii holding an 
 inverted British flag, and a striped flag. 
 
 The descriptive catalogue ascribes this print tos Ben- 
 jamin Blyth; who was born in Salem in 1740, was mar- 
 ried in 1769, and was admitted to Essex Lodge in 1781. 
 
 It is probable that this is the same B. Blyth who drew 
 the two portraits of General and Mrs. Washington, after 
 C. W. Peale, engraved by John Norman and published 
 by John Coles in Boston, in 1780 and 1782. 
 
 No other engraved work of Blyth is known to the 
 writer. Robert Blyth, an English engraver in line, died 
 in London in 1785; but judging from the character of 
 the work, it is improbable that he was the engraver of 
 this print. 
 
 BOGARDUS, JAMES 
 
 Born in Catskill, N. Y., March 14, 1800; died in New 
 York City, April 18, 1874. In 1814 Bogardus was ap- 
 prenticed to a watchmaker; and while mastering this 
 trade he also became an expert die-sinker and engraver ; 
 though it is not known that he engraved to any extent. 
 He was a very skilful mechanic, and he invented a num- 
 ber of valuable machines. Among these were improve- 
 ments in cotton-spinning; a machine for engraving 
 figures, etc., on watch dials; a transfer-machine for pro- 
 ducing bank-notes from separate dies; the first dry gas- 
 meter; and in 1836, while on a visit to England, he 
 devised a successful medallic engraving machine; and in 
 1839 he secured against 2,600 competitors a reward of- 
 fered by the British government for the best machine for 
 manufacturing postage-stamps. 
 
 24 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 James Bogardus is perhaps best remembered by the 
 five-story factory building constructed for his own use in 
 New York in 1847, and made entirely of cast-iron. This 
 was the first building of this kind anywhere, and he later 
 erected similar buildings in various parts of the United 
 States. 
 
 BOLEN, J. G. 
 
 This name is signed to an armorial book-plate of 
 Charles M. Connolly as J. G. Bolen, 104 B’way. 'There 
 is no indication of date, and the form of signature may in- 
 dicate the publisher or stationer, rather than the engraver. 
 
 BOLTON, J. B. 
 
 Bolton was a capital script and letter engraver, located 
 in Boston, Mass., in 1841, and working in connection 
 with D. Kimberly. 
 
 BONA-PARTE 
 
 This name, evidently fictitious, is signed to a crude 
 line portrait of James Madison, President of the United 
 States. The name is divided as follows: Bona, Del. 
 Parte, Sc. The print itself may be described as follows: 
 Line, rect. full bust, face three-quarters right. Size,’7.5 x 
 6.3 ins. The print is apparently of American origin and 
 contemporaneous with Madison; it was found in its orig- 
 inal frame in a Pennsylvania farm-house. 
 
 BONAR, T. 
 
 This engraver of portraits in the stipple manner was 
 ‘ working for the Methodist Book Room, in New York, 
 25 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS | 
 
 about 1850. About the same time the firm of Bonar & 
 Cummings was producing portraits for the magazines. 
 
 BOOTH, T. D. 
 
 Booth is said to have been born in Albany, N. Y.; and 
 in 1830 he was an apprentice in a bank-note engraving 
 firm in New York. For a time he was engraving in Cin- 
 cinnati and in Chicago; but in 1857 Booth was again in 
 New York and was largely employed by G. P. Putnam 
 & Co., the publishers of that city. 
 
 BOUDIER, —— 
 
 This evidently Krench engraver was an imitator of 
 St. Memin in the style and size of his portrait plates and 
 was apparently in this country about the same time. He 
 probably learned to use the “physotrace’ in Paris, and 
 his stay in the United States must have been a very short 
 one, as only one plate so signed is known. This is a por- 
 trait of “Buonaparte,” signed Boudier, sculp'. Philad*. 
 
 BOWEN, ABEL 
 
 Born in Sand Lake Village, Greenbush, N. Y., Dec. 
 23, 1790; died in Boston March 11, 1850, according to an 
 extended sketch of Abel Bowen prepared for the Bos- 
 tonian Society by the late Wm. H. Whitmore and pub- 
 lished in Boston in 1884. Bowen was engraving upon 
 wood as early as 1811, and in August, 1812, he was in 
 business as a printer in Boston. 
 
 In 1816 Bowen published in Boston “The Naval 
 
 Monument,” illustrated by copper and woodcut views of 
 
 26 
 
 a So ee ee ae ae 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 naval combats, a number of which were engraved by 
 Bowen himself. He was certainly engraving upon cop- 
 per in 1817 in both line and stipple; in 1821 he was in 
 business with Alexander McKensie, a copperplate 
 printer, and in 1825 he published Shaw’s “History of 
 Boston,” illustrated by very creditable full-page views, 
 mostly engraved upon copper, by Bowen. About this 
 same time he drew upon stone the illustrations for an 
 edition of the lectures of Sir Astley Paston Cooper, pub- 
 lished by Pendleton, who established the first litho- 
 graphic press in Boston. 
 
 Mr. W. G. Linton, in his “History of Wood Engrav- 
 ing in America” (Boston, 1882), says that in 1834 Abel 
 Bowen, in association with the wood-engravers Alonzo 
 Hartwell and John C. Crossman, established the Amer- 
 ican Engraving and Printing Co. This company later 
 became the Boston Bewick Co., the publishers of the 
 “American Magazine,” a publication devoted to the en- 
 couragement of wood-engraving in America. The two 
 volumes of this magazine contain about 500 woodcuts, 
 generally coarse and crude in execution. In 1836 their 
 printing establishment was burned down and the com- 
 pany failed. In the course of his business career Abel 
 Bowen published a number of books. 
 
 BOWER, JOHN 
 Bower was a map engraver, working in Philadelphia 
 in 1810-19, inclusive. He engraved a few poorly exe- 
 cuted plates for Collins’ Quarto Bible, of 1816, and a 
 very curious, large plate of the bombardment of Fort 
 McHenry. Bower also engraved crude stipple portraits 
 27 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 of Washington and John Adams, apparently done for a 
 copy-book cover. 
 
 BOWES, JOSEPH 
 
 This engraver in both line and stipple was living in 
 Philadelphia as early as 1796. His work was very poorly 
 executed; but he engraved views in line for the “Amer- 
 ican Universal Magazine” and the “Monthly Mag- 
 azine,’ of Philadelphia, and also a number of illustra- 
 tions in stipple for a history of France published by 
 James Stewart, Philadelphia, 1796-97. Bowes engraved 
 some of the plates for Dobson’s edition of Rees’ Ency- 
 clopedia. 
 
 BOYD, JOHN 
 
 The name of this excellent engraver of portraits in 
 stipple appears in the Philadelphia directories in 1811-— 
 19 and 1822—27, inclusive. It is not known where he was 
 born or learned to engrave; but judging from his prints 
 
 he worked solely for the magazines and book publishers 
 of Philadelphia. 
 
 BOYNTON, G. W. 
 
 This man was a map engraver, apparently located in 
 Boston in 1842. | 
 
 BRACKET, MISS H. V. 
 
 A large Bible print of “Ruth and Boaz,” published 
 about 1816 and very well drawn and engraved, is signed 
 Etched by Miss H. V. Bracket—Hoogland dir’. 'The 
 print probably appeared in the New York edition of 
 Collins’ Quarto Bible; and the date would make Miss 
 
 28 
 
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BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 Bracket one of the earliest women engravers upon cop- 
 per in the United States. Mrs. James Akin, working in 
 1808, is the first on record, and though no definite dates 
 can be assigned to the engraved work of the daughters 
 of Peter Maverick, they were apparently engraving in 
 the early thirties. 
 
 BRIDPORT, HUGH 
 
 Born in London in 1794, and came to Philadelphia in 
 1816; and the directories of that city contain his name 
 continuously until 1887. Dunlap says that Bridport was 
 a pupil of C. Wilkins, a miniature painter of London. 
 He opened a drawing academy in Philadelphia, in 1817, 
 in connection with his brother, George Bridport; painted 
 portraits and miniatures, and about 1818 he was asso- 
 ciated with the English architect John Haviland in a 
 school for teaching architecture and drawing. Bridport 
 engraved a few very good portraits in the stipple man- 
 ner. He was one of the instructors of the deaf-mute 
 lithographer Albert Newsam, and Bridport himself drew 
 a number of portraits upon stone for some of the early 
 Philadelphia lithographers. 
 
 BROOKS, —— 
 
 The book-plate of Dr. J. Dove, of Richmond, Va., and 
 living about 1800, was engraved by Brooks. The plate 
 is poor enough to be early American work. 
 
 BROWN, BENJAMIN 
 The earliest plate seen signed by B. Brown is an ex- 
 cellent stipple portrait of Sir Philip Francis, the frontis- 
 29 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 piece to “The Identity of Junius,’ by John Taylor, 
 published in New York in 1812. A number of very 
 good line illustrations to a botanical work, also pub- 
 lished in New York, are signed B. Brown, Sc., N. York; 
 and the New York directory for 1819 contains the name 
 of Benjamin Brown, engraver and printer of book- 
 plates, maps, visiting-cards, etc., “in the first style of 
 elegance.” The name only appears for this one year. 
 
 BROWN, GEORGE L. 
 
 Born in Boston, Mass., Feb. 2, 1814; died at Malden, 
 Mass., June 25, 1889. Brown was originally appren- 
 ticed to a wood-engraver, and woodcuts are found signed 
 by him. He went abroad in 1853-55, studied in Rome 
 and became a reputable painter of landscape. The only 
 work upon copper known to the compiler is a series of 
 admirable etchings of views about Rome, executed from 
 his own drawings and published in 1860. 
 
 BRUEN, R. C. 
 
 Dunlap says that Bruen was an apprentice with © 
 Maverick & Durand; but after doing some good work, 
 he became deranged a few years later and was drowned 
 in the Hudson River. The only examples of engraved 
 work of Bruen known to the compiler are some very 
 well-executed plates for editions of “Gil Blas” and “The 
 Arabian Nights,” published by Wm. Durell, New York, 
 1820. | 
 
 BRUFF, CHARLES OLIVER 
 
 Bruff advertises in the “New York Mercury” of 1770, 
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 and possibly earlier, as a goldsmith and jeweler. In 
 - 1775 he added an engraving department to his business, 
 then established at the sign of “The Teapot, Tankard & 
 Ear-ring,” between Maiden Lane and Crown Street, 
 near the Fly Market; and he adds to his notice, ““Where 
 he engraves all sorts of arms, crests, cypher & fancies, 
 in the neatest manner and greatest expedition, with 
 heads of Lord Chatham, Shakespear, Milton, Newton, 
 etc., with Mason’s arms and all emblems of Liberty.” 
 
 Bruff probably employed an engraver for this work, 
 as his former advertisements make no mention of en- 
 graving. As Henry Pursell advertises at times in the 
 same journal, he may have been the engraver to whom 
 this work was given by Bruff. 
 
 BRULS, MICHELSON GODHART DE 
 
 This man seems to have been the chief engraver upon 
 copper in New York in the period 1759-63; though 
 Elisha Gallaudet was engraving in that city as early as 
 1759. De Bruls, acording to advertisements in the New 
 York newspapers of his day, engraved book-plates, 
 maps, and views. The earliest of his work—and the only 
 large plate seen by the compiler—is a very well-executed 
 “Plan of Niagara with the Adjacent Country, surren- 
 dered to the English Army under the Command of Sir 
 ~ Will™ Johnson, Bart., on the 28th of July 1759.” This 
 map contains a good coat of arms of Sir William John- 
 son, and is signed Engraved and published by Michelson 
 Godhart de Bruls,in New York, North America. 
 
 The “New York Mercury,” for May 8, 1762, and suc- 
 
 31 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 ceeding numbers, state that this plan and a companion 
 plate were to be published by subscription by “Michael 
 de Bruls, Engraver and'an Inhabitant of this City.” 
 The second plate was “A plan of the Landing, Encamp- 
 ment and Attack against Fort Niagara, on Lake On- 
 tario, . .. also the Engagement where the French 
 Reinforcements were defeated.” The advertisement 
 goes on to say that these two plans were engraved “on 
 two large copperplates” and “would form a print 2 ft. 
 11 ins. by 1 ft. 1 m. exclusive of margins.” It is stated 
 that “they were almost ready for printing,” and it is to 
 be presumed that both plates were published, though the 
 second plate is unknown to the compiler. The price to 
 be paid was eight shillings each, and they were to be de- 
 livered to subscribers before June 26, 1762. 
 
 Another ambitious work by de Bruls is noted in the 
 “New York Mercury” of Oct. 11, 1762. He then pro- 
 posed to engrave and publish by subscription “T'wo dif- 
 ferent Waterviews and two different Landviews of the 
 flourishing City of New York”: “(1) These above men- 
 tioned four different views, with the respective refer- 
 ences in English, High Dutch and Low Dutch, will be 
 curiously engraved on a copperplate of 21 x 12 inches, 
 and printed on the best paper.” “(2) A plan of the — 
 streets, etc. of the City, with their respective names, will 
 also be neatly engraved on another copperplate and 
 printed on best large paper.” These views were to be 
 sold for twenty shillings, and subscriptions were taken 
 by “Michael de Bruls, Publisher and Engraver of the — 
 above Plates, at the lower end of New Street, next door 
 to Col. Thodey, in New York.” On Feb. 28, 1763, de 
 
 32 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 Bruls apologizes for his delay in issuing the plates, and 
 complains of lack of encouragement; he finally requests 
 would-be subscribers to make haste as he wishes to insert 
 their names in a descriptive pamphlet that is to accom- 
 pany the plates. All of these views are unknown to the 
 compiler. 
 
 On March 5, 1759, “Mr. Michael de Bruls, En- 
 graver, was located at “Mr. Furer, Silversmith, in 
 French Church Street, New York”; and he probably 
 added to his scanty income by engraving on silver. He 
 neatly engraved at least one book-plate. 
 
 BRUNTON, RICHARD 
 
 This mediocre engraver first appears in the columns 
 of the “American Journal and Daily Advertiser,” of 
 Providence, R. I., where, on Jan. 31, 1781, he advertises 
 as “engraver and die-sinker.” While in Providence he 
 engraved the portrait of Washington which appeared as 
 a frontispiece to “A Poetical Epistle to his Excel. 
 George Washington, etc. London printed. Providence 
 (Rhode Island) Reprinted and sold by Bennett Wheeler 
 at his office on the West side of the Great Bridge 
 MDCCLXXI.” The journal above mentioned adver- 
 tises this “E/pistle” as published in March, 1781. 
 
 As to the further career of Brunton, the writer is in- 
 debted to Mr. A. C. Bates, the librarian of the Connec- 
 ticut Historical Society, at Hartford, who has published 
 a lengthy monograph on this very obscure engraver. 
 According to Mr. Bates, Brunton appears in Suffield, 
 Conn., about 1790; and he there put his knowledge of 
 
 die-sinking to use in making counterfeit money. ‘The 
 33 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 records of the Superior Court in Wyndham County, 
 Conn., for the March term of 1799, show that a Richard 
 Brunton was charged with making “types and dies” for 
 counterfeiting the silver coin current in the State. 
 Brunton pleaded guilty to the charge and was sentenced 
 to imprisonment for two years in the Connecticut State 
 prison at Newgate, in the town of Granby. 
 
 Brunton’s enforced stay in this prison of infamous 
 memory may account for several of the plates assigned to 
 him; and especially for the armorial and portrait plate of 
 Major Reuben Humphreys, signed “R. B.” This Major 
 Humphreys was the keeper of Newgate prison from 1796 
 until 1801; this period covering the stay of Brunton at 
 that place. For similar reasons, a large and curiously 
 drawn plate of the Newgate prison is ascribed to the 
 same man. Mr. Bates assigns to this Brunton a con- 
 siderable number of book-plates, none of which are 
 signed with his name as engraver. 
 
 Mr. William S. Baker, in his “American Engravers,” 
 says that Gideon Fairman, about 1792, was encouraged 
 to take up the art of engraving by “an English engraver 
 by the name of Brunton.” As Fairman was then living 
 at Newtown, Conn., the above Richard Brunton may be 
 the engraver referred to. 
 
 BUELL, ABEL 
 
 Born in Killingsworth, Conn., Feb. 1, 1742; died in 
 New Haven about 1825. Buell was apprenticed to a sil- 
 versmith, and he became a skilful engraver upon metal 
 and was engaged in that business on his own account. 
 While he was still a young man there is a report that he 
 
 34 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 was arrested and imprisoned for having altered a plate 
 for a Colonial note. 
 
 Buell later established a type foundry and is said to 
 have cut the matrices for several fonts of type. He re- 
 moved to Springfield, Mass., and then to New Haven, 
 about 1774-75, and at the latter place he was employed 
 by Bernard Romans in constructing a map of North 
 America. Buell is credited with having made the survey 
 of the coast about Pensacola for Romans, and with hav- 
 ing engraved some of the maps in Romans’ “Natural 
 History of Florida,” published in New York in 1775. 
 He may also have engraved the plan of Boston published 
 by Romans in 1775. Buell engraved a diploma plate for 
 Yale College prior to 1775, says Mr. James Terry in one 
 of his “Ex Libris Leaflets.” 
 
 In consideration of his services to the public the legis- 
 lature of Connecticut restored to Buell his civil rights. 
 He was employed by the State in making money with 
 apparatus devised by himself. He also erected in New 
 Haven one of the first cotton mills built in the United 
 States. 
 
 BULL, MARTIN : 
 Born, probably in Farmington, Conn., Dec. 3, 1744; 
 died March 24, 1825. Mr. Charles Dexter Allen, in his 
 “American Book-Plates,” says that about 1795 Bull was 
 a goldsmith in business in Farmington, was a deacon, 
 town treasurer, clerk of probate for thirty-nine years, a 
 strong patriot and “a writer of long and appallingly sol- 
 emn letters to the youth of the village when at college.” — 
 Bull engraved his own book-plate and another, most 
 35 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 curiously designed, for the Monthly Library, of Farm- 
 ington, Conn. In engraving the latter plate he was as- 
 sisted by his partner, ‘Thomas Lee, who was born in 1717 
 and died in 1806, says Mr. James Terry, of New Haven. 
 
 BURGIS, WILLIAM 
 
 William Burgis was a publisher of American maps 
 and views as early as 1717. He also attempted mezzotint 
 engraving—according to the evidence of a single large 
 plate, very coarsely executed and signed W. Burgis del 
 et fecit. This plate is a view of the lighthouse at the en- 
 trance to Boston harbor, and bears the inscription “To 
 the Merchants of Boston this View of the Light House 
 is most humbly presented by their Humble Serv’'t Wm. 
 Burgis.” | 
 
 All the other known prints associated with the name of 
 William Burgis are engraved in line, are usually well 
 engraved, and several of them are signed by known en- 
 gravers. The compiler contends that these prints were 
 simply published by Burgis. The most conspicuous 
 among these engravings is the “South Prospect of the 
 City of New York,” dedicated by William Burgis to 
 Gov. Robert Hunter, and published in 1717, according 
 to a date connected with one of the inscriptions. This 
 view is about five feet long, is very well engraved, and the 
 only known copy belongs to the New York Historical 
 Society. In this copy, unfortunately, the greater part of 
 the descriptive title at the bottom of the plate is torn off, 
 and with this the name of the engraver has disappeared. 
 The same society, however, possesses a restrike of this 
 plate, published by Thomas Bakewell, print-seller, of 
 
 36 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 London, on March 25, 1746; on this restrike the arms and 
 name of Gov. George Clinton have been substituted for 
 those of Governor Hunter. But this latter plate pre- 
 serves all the inscription, including that of the engraver, 
 who signed himself Z. Harris, scu. This John Harris 
 was a reputable English engraver of landscape, etc., who 
 flourished between 1686 and 1739. As Harris was dead 
 in 1746, he undoubtedly engraved the original plate 
 published by William Burgis in 1717. 
 
 A. plan of Boston, published by William Burgis in 
 1729 and dedicated to Governor Burnet, was engraved 
 by Thomas Johnston, of Boston, New England, and is 
 so signed. Burgis also published views of the college at 
 Cambridge, Mass., and of the New Dutch Church, in 
 New York, the latter dedicated to Gov. Rip Van Dam. 
 These prints are executed in line, but, as the compiler 
 has not been able to study original impressions, nothing 
 more can be said about them. 
 
 W. Burgis is said to have married the widow of a tav- 
 ern-keeper, and to have kept a tavern for a time in 
 Boston. 
 
 BURNAP, DANIEL 
 This engraver of brass clock-faces, working in East 
 
 Windsor, Conn., before 1800, is mentioned by Mr. James 
 Terry in his “Ex Libris Leaflet, No. 4.” 
 
 BURT, CHARLES 
 Born in Edinburgh, Scotland, Nov. 8, 1823 (though 
 this date appears to be an error); died in Brooklyn, 
 March 25, 1892. ‘This exceptionally good line-engraver 
 87 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 was a pupil of W. Holme Lizars, a well-known engraver 
 of Edinburgh, and he came to New York in 1886. He 
 was employed for a time by A. L. Dick, of that city, and 
 some of his best early work bears‘the signature of A. L. 
 Dick as engraver. Burt engraved and etched a large 
 number of plates for portraits and book illustrations; but 
 he later turned his attention almost entirely to bank-note 
 work, and for some years he was one of the chief engravers 
 for the Treasury Department, at Washington, D. C. 
 Several of his larger plates were made for the American 
 Art Union, in 1851-52. 
 
 BUTLER, —— 
 
 A. good line-engraving of a man and a lion is signed 
 Butler Sc. Balto. The plate was engraved prior to 1835, 
 as the example seen has written upon its back a “‘presen- 
 tation” of that date. 
 
 BUTLER, J. M. 
 
 While this name is appended to a large number of 
 prints, Butler was a plate printer and print publisher 
 of Philadelphia about 1850, and the employer of engray- 
 ers. ‘There is no evidence that J. M. Butler was an en- 
 graver himself—unless the work noted above was done 
 by him. Later, Butler held political office in Philadel-' 
 phia and abandoned publishing. 
 
 BUTTRE, JOHN CHESTER 
 Born in Auburn, N. Y., June 30, 1821; died at Ridge- 
 wood, N. J., Dec. 2, 1898. After being educated in the 
 38 
 
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BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 district schools and the Auburn academy, Buttre became 
 interested in art, studied drawing under Hulaniski, a 
 Pole residing in Auburn, and made some attempts at 
 portrait-painting. Not succeeding in colors, he turned 
 his attention to wood-engraving and was later established 
 in business in Auburn. In 1841 he removed to New 
 York, became a line-engraver of reputation, and a con- 
 siderable amount of his work of this period appeared in 
 the magazines. As a member of the firm of Rice & But- 
 tre, and later under his own name, he established an ex- 
 tensive engraving business in New York, and he em- 
 ployed many engravers. He continued in active business 
 until his death, and it is said that nearly 8000 plates bear 
 his name. 
 
 B., J. W. 
 
 These initials as J. W. B. del. et sc. are signed to a 
 quarto line-plate representing an engagement between 
 Georgia militia, under Gen. John Floyd, and a force of 
 Creek Indians, at Antossee, Ala. This fight, in which 
 Gen. Floyd was badly wounded, took place on Nov. 29, 
 1813; and the plate, which is fairly well engraved, is 
 seemingly of contemporaneous date. ‘The writer cannot 
 assign this plate to any known American engraver. 
 
 CADE, J. J. 
 
 Born in Canada and was living in Brooklyn in 1900. 
 Cade was a good engraver of portraits, in a mixed man- 
 ner. He worked for the New York magazines and book 
 publishers. 
 
 39 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 CALLENDER, BENJAMIN 
 
 Born in Boston, March 16, 1773; died in Northfield, 
 Mass., Feb. 22, 1856. He was a son of Benjamin Cal- 
 lender, a brother of Joseph Callender, the engraver, and 
 Abigail Belcher. In 1798, Benjamin Callender, Jr., re- 
 moved to Northfield, and on Nov. 17, 1798, he married 
 Sally Laughton, who was born in Boston and died March 
 80, 1858, aged 80 years. In the “History of Northfield,” 
 Benjamin Callender is mentioned as a “merchant and 
 engraver.” | 
 
 His engraved work chiefly consists of maps and charts, 
 and he was engraving these for Boston publishers as 
 early as 1796. Callender engraved some of the maps in 
 the “American Gazetteer,” by Jedediah Morse, Boston, 
 1797. 
 
 CALLENDER, JOSEPH 
 
 Born in Boston, Mass., May 6, 1751; died there Nov. 
 10, 1821, and was buried in the Old Granary Burying 
 Ground in Boston. He was the son of Eleazer Callender 
 and Susanna Hiller. According to a notice in the “Mas- 
 sachusetts Sentinel,” “Mr. Joseph Callender, Engraver, 
 was married, on Aug. 1, 1789, to Miss Elizabeth Laugh- 
 ton.” 
 
 Joseph Callender was employed for some time as a die- 
 sinker for the Massachusetts Mint. In association with 
 Paul Revere he engraved a number of line-plates for the 
 “Royal American Magazine,” published in Boston in 
 1774. His chief occupation, however, seemed to be the 
 engraving of book-plates, bill-heads, and work of a simi- 
 lar character. 
 
 40 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 CAMPBELL, A. G. and J. K. 
 
 These two men were engraving portraits, in a mixed 
 but effective manner, in New York about 1860. 
 
 CAMPBELL, ROBERT 
 
 An engraver of this name furnished good line illustra- 
 tions for S. F’. Bradford’s edition of the Edinburgh En- 
 cyclopedia, Philadelphia, 1806-18; and the name, as 
 “engraver,” appears in the directories of that city for 
 1822-381, inclusive. A well-executed stipple portrait of 
 Chief Justice William Telghman was engraved by R. 
 Campbell and published in 1829. | 
 
 Robert Campbell was the publisher of Wm. Birch’s 
 “Views of Philadelphia,” in 1800; but it is not certain 
 that this is the same man. 
 
 CAPEWELL, SAMUEL 
 
 Capewell was a letter engraver of some reputation. 
 About 1860 the firm of Capewell & Krimmel was in busi- 
 ness in New York as engravers and publishers; this firm 
 is still in existence. Plates signed by this firm are gen- 
 erally the work of engravers in their employ; though 
 Krimmel was also an engraver. 
 
 CAREY, PEYTON 
 
 At the exhibition of early engraving in America, held 
 at the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, 1904, a seal of 
 the University of Georgia was shown. A note says that 
 this seal was designed and cut by Mr. Peyton Carey, “a 
 graduate of 1810.” 
 
 . 41 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 CARIO, MICHAEL 
 
 The “American Weekly Mercury,” Philadelphia, 
 July 8-15, 1736, advertises the arrival from London of 
 Michael Cario, “Jeweller.” After detailing his various 
 wares, in the form of rings, buttons for sleeves, snuff- 
 boxes, ete., he adds the following: “N.B. The said 
 Michael Cario buys all sorts of old Diamonds, or any 
 other Stones, and performs all sorts of Engraving Work, 
 either in Gold or Silver.”’ 3 
 
 CARPENTER, B. 
 
 Carpenter was a line-engraver of landscapes and 
 buildings, apparently working in Boston in 1855. 
 
 CARSON,C. W. 
 
 This man was a line-engraver of maps and vignettes 
 located in Albany, N. Y., in 1843. 
 
 CASILEAR, JOHN W. 
 
 Born in New York, June 25, 1811; died Aug. 17, 
 1893. At the age of fifteen Casilear was apprenticed to 
 the engraver Peter Maverick and after a time he became 
 an excellent line-engraver; his large plate of “A Sibyl,” 
 after the painting by Daniel Huntington, being an ad- 
 mirable example of pure line work. 
 
 Having studied bank-note engraving under Maverick 
 and A. B. Durand, he was engaged in that business for 
 some years, and about 1854 he became a member of the 
 bank-note engraving firm of ‘Tappan, Carpenter, Casi- 
 lear & Co., of New York. But having become interested _ 
 
 42 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 in painting in oil, and having studied painting in Europe 
 in 1840 and in 1857, Casilear became a landscape-painter 
 of reputation. He was an Associate of the National 
 Academy in 1835, and a full Academician in 1851. 
 
 Casilear engraved plates in conjunction with J. W. 
 Paradise; and other plates are signed Casilear, Capewell 
 & Krimmel. 
 
 CHAMBERS, R. 
 
 This engraver was doing some fairly good work, in 
 both line and stipple, in Washington, D. C., about 1820 
 —26. His best work, noted by the writer, is a bust of 
 Thomas Jefferson, in an oak-garlanded circle, heading a 
 facsimile of a letter written by Jefferson to R. C. Weight- 
 man, Mayor of Baltimore. The letter is dated June 24, 
 1826, and the engraving seems, from its inscription, to be 
 of contemporaneous date. 
 
 CHAPIN, WILLIAM 
 
 Born in Philadelphia, Oct. 17, 1802; died there Sept. 
 20, 1888. William Chapin was a lineal descendant of 
 Deacon Samuel Chapin, who settled at Springfield, 
 Conn., in 1642. On Nov. 4, 1817, William Chapin was 
 apprenticed to John Vallance, of the engraving firm of 
 Tanner, Vallance, Kearny & Co., of Philadelphia. He 
 remained with this firm until 1822, when he purchased 
 his freedom for $125,and he then began business for him- 
 self as an engraver. In December of the same year he 
 made a contract with the Baltimore publisher, Fielding 
 Lucas, to engrave for him for the sum of $416 per an- 
 num, or less than $35 per month; and in August, 1824, 
 
 7 43 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 he accepted a similar engagement with a New York firm 
 for $520 per year. : 
 
 About 1827 Mr. Chapin turned his attention to pro- 
 jecting and engraving maps, and in time he established 
 an extensive map business in New York. Chapin’s large 
 map of the United States is said to be the first map en- 
 graved upon steel in this country. 
 
 In 1838 Mr. Chapin became much interested in the 
 education of the blind; and in 1840 he permanently aban- 
 doned engraving and map publishing to become the prin- 
 cipal of an institution for the blind in Columbus, O. He 
 remained at this place until 1847,and in 1849 Mr. Chapin 
 was elected principal of the Institution for the Blind in 
 the city of Philadelphia, and to this work he devoted the 
 remainder of his life. | 
 
 For these notes upon Mr. Chapin, the compiler is in- 
 debted to the courtesy of his son, John Basset Chapin, 
 M.D., physician in charge of the Pennsylvania Hospital 
 for the Insane in Philadelphia. 
 
 CHAPMAN, JOHN GADSBY 
 
 Born in Alexandria, Va., Dec. 8, 1808; died in Brook- 
 lyn, July 6, 1890. Little of Mr. Chapman’s early life is 
 known, other than that he studied art in Italy and in 18386 
 he opened a studio in New York. For some time there- 
 after he was largely employed by the Harper Bros. and 
 by others as a designer for book illustrations, as a wood- 
 engraver, and an etcher after his own designs. He did 
 not engrave upon copper in line or stipple. In 1848 Mr. 
 Chapman returned to Italy and devoted himself entirely 
 to painting, maintaining a studio in Rome until his death. 
 
 AAs 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 Two of Mr. Chapman’s sons, Conrad Wise and John 
 Linton Chapman, were painters and artist etchers. Both 
 of these sons were born in Rome; the first-named served 
 in the Confederate army throughout the Civil War, and 
 died some years ago; the other was living in 1900. A 
 daughter, Mary Chapman, married Count Cerovitch, one 
 time private secretary to Victor Emanuel, late King of 
 Italy. 
 
 CHARLES, WILLIAM 
 
 Died in Philadelphia in 1820. Mr. Lossing says that 
 William Charles was a Scotchman who was compelled to 
 hastily depart from Edinburgh to escape prosecution for 
 caricaturing some of the dignitaries of that city. Dr. An- 
 derson says Charles came to New York in 1801, and in 
 1807 he was established in that city as an engraver and 
 publisher at “Charles’ Repository of Arts.” The directo- 
 ries of Philadelphia locate him in that city from 1816 to 
 1820, inclusive; he was in business there as a copperplate 
 engraver, as a bookseller and asa publisher and stationer. 
 
 Charles engraved in line, stipple, and in aquatint; but 
 he is best known by his series of caricatures, chiefly of 
 events connected with the War of 1812, or with local 
 politics. These war etchings were issued in 1813, in con- 
 nection with S. Kennedy; they were published in monthly 
 sets of four, at $1.50 per set to subscribers, and $2.00 to 
 non-subscribers. As a publisher Charles was located at 
 32 S. Third St., Philadelphia, and among the books pub- 
 lished by him were “The Vicar of Wakefield” and “The 
 Tour of Dr. Syntax,” both illustrated by colored plates 
 aquatinted by Charles after Rowlandson. | 
 
 45 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 CHENEY, BENJAMIN anp TIMOTHY 
 
 These clock-makers of East Hartford, Conn., were 
 working about 1781-1801; and their well-engraved brass 
 clock-faces show very considerable skill in handling the 
 burin. They are referred to by Mr. James Terry, in his 
 “Ex Libris Leaflet, No. 4.” 
 
 CHENEY, JOHN 
 
 Born at South Manchester, Conn., Oct. 20, 1801; died 
 there, Aug. 20, 1885. This unexcelled line-engraver of 
 small heads and book illustrations was working as an en- 
 graver in Boston in 1829, and in 1833 he went to Europe 
 to study art, supporting himself there by engraving for 
 American publishers. But disheartened by the lack of 
 encouragement for art in this country, he virtually aban- 
 doned engraving while he was still comparatively a 
 young man. A life of John Cheney, by Ednah D. Che- 
 ney, was published in 1889; and a very complete check- 
 list of the engraved work of both John and Seth W. 
 Cheney has been compiled by the late Mr. S. R. Koehler, 
 Boston, 1891. John Cheney also drew upon stone for 
 some of the Boston lithographers. 
 
 CHENEY, SETH WELLS 
 
 Born at South Manchester, Conn., Nov. 28,1810; died 
 in Boston, Sept. 10, 1856. In 1829 S. W. Cheney joined 
 his brother, John Cheney, in Boston, and with him 
 learned to engrave. After working with a publishing © 
 firm in Brattleboro, Vt., for about a year, he accompanied 
 John Cheney to Europe in 1838, and studied in Paris un- 
 der Isabey, Delaroche, and other French masters. Seth 
 
 46 
 
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BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 W. Cheney returned home in 1834, and then spent sev- 
 eral years in Ohio, with another brother, in an attempt at 
 growing mulberry trees and rearing silk-worms. He 
 again went to Kurope in 1837 and resumed his art studies 
 in France, Italy, and Germany; and in 1841 he opened 
 a studio in Boston. He there began to draw portraits in 
 crayon, which by their artistic merit earned him much- 
 deserved fame, and to Seth W. Cheney belongs the credit 
 of having been practically the first among American art- 
 ists to effectively work in “black and white.” The line- 
 engravings of Seth W. Cheney are comparatively few in 
 number. His life was written by Ednah D. Cheney, and 
 published in Boston in 1881. 
 
 CHILDS, CKEPHAS G. 
 
 Born in Bucks Co., Pa., Sept. 8, 1793; died in Phila- 
 delphia, July 7, 1871. Childs was taught to engrave by 
 Gideon Fairman in Philadelphia, and as a “historical 
 and landscape engraver” his name appears in the direc- 
 tories of that city from 1818 to 1845, inclusive. Prob- 
 ably his earliest signed work is to be found in S. F. Brad- 
 ford’s edition of the Edinburgh Encyclopedia. 
 
 Childs issued his “Views of Philadelphia” in 1826-38, 
 many of these being engraved by himself. After a visit 
 to Europe, he asociated himself with the artist Henry 
 Inman, under the firm name of Childs & Inman. This 
 firm, which was in existence from 1831 to 1835, brought 
 P. S. Duval from Europe and placed him at the head of 
 the lithographic department added to their general en- 
 graving business. Inman drew upon the stone himself, 
 and their deaf and dumb apprentice, Albert Newsam, 
 
 AT 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 executed some of his best work for the firm of Childs & 
 Inman, and became the foremost lithographic artist of 
 his day. 
 
 Cephas G. Childs was a very good engraver of portraits 
 in stipple and landscape and vignettes in line, though 
 his signed work is not very abundant. In 1822 the firm 
 
 of Childs & Carpenter was publishing elaborately en- — 
 
 graved business-cards and script work in Philadelphia. 
 
 About 1845 Childs abandoned engraving and inter- 
 ested himself in newspaper work in Philadelphia. Along 
 with Walter Colton he was one of the editors of the 
 “Commercial Herald,’ John R. Walker being the pub- 
 lisher. He was afterward commercial editor of the 
 “North American,” published by Thomas R. Newbold. 
 Childs established the “Philadelphia Commercial List,” 
 and published that journal for many years at the corner 
 of Dock Street and Bank Alley, Philadelphia. 
 
 Childs was a soldier in the War of 1812, and was long 
 interested in the volunteer military organizations of Phil- 
 adelphia. He was for a time captain of the Washington 
 Grays, and was colonel of one of the militia regiments of 
 
 ~ his city. 
 
 CHORLEY, JOHN 
 
 About all that the writer has been able to discover 
 about this man is that he was a fairly good line-engraver 
 of portraits and book illustrations, and was working in 
 Boston as early as 1818. Upon a well-executed Bible 
 print the name is signed I. P. Chorley Sc. 
 
 John Chorley, about 1825, married Maria Byron 
 Doyle, the daughter of an artist and portrait-painter of 
 
 48 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 considerable reputation and formerly keeper of the 
 Columbian Museum, in Boston. 
 
 CHUBB, T.Y. 
 About 1860 Chubb was an engraver of portraits in 
 
 mezzotint and in a mixed manner. He worked for the 
 book publishers. 
 
 CHUBBUCK, THOMAS 
 
 This man was an engraver of portraits and landscape 
 - in hnne and stipple. He was located in Springfield, Mass., 
 in 1860. | 
 
 CLARK, A. 
 
 Dunlap says that A. Clark was born at Cooperstown, 
 N. Y., and about 1825 he and Ralph Rawdon were 
 members of the firm of Rawdon, Clark & Co., general 
 engravers of Albany, N. Y. In 1834 Clark was in busi- 
 ness in New York City. 
 
 CLARK, JAMES 
 
 In 1840 James Clark was an engraver of bank-notes, 
 cards, etc., with an establishment at 67 Broadway, New 
 York City. 
 
 CLARKE, THOMAS | 
 The name of this engraver in the stipple manner first 
 appears in 1797, when he was engraving portraits and 
 subject plates for the “American Universal Magazine,” 
 of Philadelphia, and illustrations for an edition of “Tele- 
 machus” published by David Longworth, of New York. 
 49 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 He was apparently in both cities in this year, as he signed 
 his plates respectively 7'. Clarke, Sculpt. Philadelphia, 
 1797 and engrav’d by Tho’s. Clarke, N. Y. Clarke was 
 engraving in New York at least as late as 1800; but 
 Dunlap says that he went South about this time, became 
 deranged, and then committed suicide. 
 
 CLASSEN, WILLIAM M. 
 
 This name is signed to a few well-engraved line-plates 
 of buildings and book illustrations as Wm. M. Classen, 
 Eng. No. 1 Murray St. cor. of B. Way. (New York). 
 The apparent date of these plates is about 1840—50. On 
 one plate seen the name is signed J. M. Classen Sc., 
 though the work seems to be the same. 
 
 CLAY, EDWARD W. 
 
 Born in Philadelphia, Pa., in 1792; died in New York, 
 Dec. 31, 1857. Clay is said to have been a midshipman 
 under Commodore Perry; but he later studied law and 
 was admitted to the Philadelphia bar on Nov. 12, 1825. 
 He had, however, a decided leaning toward art; he drew 
 some of the plates engraved for Childs’ “Views of Phila- 
 delphia,”’ and he drew upon stone for the lithographing 
 firm of Childs & Inman. Clay was a merciless caricatur- 
 ist and some of his lampoons of fellow-citizens are said to 
 have caused him much personal inconvenience. In the 
 Philadelphia directories of 1835-36 his profession is 
 given as “artist.” He engraved several fairly well-exe- 
 cuted plates in the stipple manner, the best of these being 
 a portrait of the Rev. Joseph Eastburn. His caricatures 
 were etched. 
 
 50 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 Clay is said to have studied art in Europe for five 
 years. Later in life, his eyesight failing him, he aban- 
 doned art and became clerk of the Chancery Court, and 
 of the Orphans’ Court, in Delaware. 
 
 CLAY POOLE, JAMES, JR. 
 
 This name as J. Claypoole, Jr. delin. et Sculp' is 
 signed to a large and coarsely engraved “Prospective 
 View of the Pennsylvania Hospital with the Buildings as 
 intended to be erected.” It is advertised in the ‘““Pennsy]- 
 vania Gazette” of Oct. 29, 1761, as “just published,” and 
 it was to be sold for “1 shilling plain and Two coloured” 
 by James Claypoole, on Walnut Street, Philadelphia, 
 and also by David Hall,” the latter a printer of that city. 
 
 In a letter to his son, Rembrandt Peale, under date of 
 1812, Charles Willson Peale says that James Claypoole, 
 Jr., was living in Philadelphia in 1762, and Peale saw 
 some of his paintings. He later married a Miss Rench, 
 of that city,and after her death he sailed for London with 
 the purpose of seeking the patronage of Benjamin West. 
 But his vessel was driven out of her course by storms and 
 Claypoole finally reached Jamaica, settled on that island, 
 and remarried there. Peale further says that James 
 Claypoole, Jr., was the son of James Claypoole, a house- 
 painter and glazier of Philadelphia, who was in that busi- 
 ness there at least as early as 1747; as is shown by a bill 
 in possession of the writer, in which he charges for paint- 
 ing leather fire-buckets, sash-lights, etc. James Clay- 
 poole, Jr., was the uncle of the American painter Mat- 
 thew Pratt; and Pratt says that his uncle instructed him 
 in “all branches of the painting business.”’ 
 
 51 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 The late Mr. Charles R. Hildeburn suggests that 
 Claypoole was probably the engraver of a large plate 
 caricaturing the advance of the Paxton boys upon Phila- 
 delphia, published in that city in 1764, but unsigned. 
 This plate, however, is dedicated to the citizens of Phila- 
 delphia by “H. D.,” and it is more probably the work of 
 Henry Dawkins. 
 
 CLEMENS, ISAAC 
 
 The “New York Gazette,” Oct. 28, 1776, contains the 
 following advertisement: “Isaac Clemens, Engraver 
 (who lately arrived with his Majesty’s Fleet from Bos- 
 ton, in New England), informs the Gentlemen of the 
 Navy and Army, and the Public in general, that he now 
 carries on the ENGRAVING BUSINESS, at his 
 Shop near the French Church, in King St., New York.” 
 
 This advertisement disappears in a very short time, 
 and Mr. Clemens probably went back to Engen as 
 nothing more is known about him. 
 
 CLOVER, LEWIS P. 
 
 Born in New York, Feb. 20, 1819; living in 1864. 
 Clover studied drawing under William Page and for 
 three years he worked in the studio of Asher B. Durand 
 as an engraver. He finally adopted painting as a profes- 
 sion and followed it successfully for some years. In 1850 
 he became a deacon and later a priest in the Protestant 
 Episcopal Church, and was rector of a number of 
 churches. The University of Kentucky, in 1858, con- 
 ferred upon him the degree of D.D. 
 
 52 
 
 OE ee ee ee 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 No engraved work signed by Clover has been seen by 
 the compiler, but in 1853 he edited a reprint of Burnet’s 
 “Practical Hints on Composition in Painting,” and he is 
 said to have made the etchings illustrating this work. 
 
 COBB, G. 
 
 Cobb was a book-plate engraver working about 1800, 
 but without indication of place. He was most probably 
 an American, as the only plate signed by him is of the 
 pictorial type, with an American eagle bearing an oval 
 frame once containing a name, now carefully erased; 
 there is a scratchy landscape at the base. 
 
 COLLARD, W. 
 Was a line-engraver of portraits, working for the mag- 
 azines about 1840—45. 
 
 CONE, JOSEPH 
 
 Cone was a clever engraver in both stipple and in line, 
 and he was chiefly engaged upon portrait work. He is 
 said to have been a brother of the Rev. Spencer H. Cone, 
 who came from New Jersey to Philadelphia, in 1802, 
 to accept a position as a teacher in Dr. Abercrombie’s 
 Academy. Joseph Cone possibly came with him to study 
 engraving. In any event, Joseph Cone was engraving 
 over his own name in Philadelphia in 1814-19, inclusive. 
 In the period 1820—24 he was engraving prints and pub- 
 lishing them in Baltimore, Md. He also worked for Bos- 
 ton publishers, and in 1829-30 his name reappears in the 
 Philadelphia directories as an “engraver.” 
 
 58 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 CONN, JAMES 
 
 James Conn, writing-master at Elizabethtown, N. J., 
 advertises, in 1771, his intention to teach writing, arith- 
 metic, mathematics, geography, etc., and adds to his 
 notice the following: | 
 
 “Furthermore, the said Conn at leisure Hours, en- 
 graves Shop Bills, Bills of Parcels, Bills of Exchange, 
 or any Kind of Writing for the Rolling-Press, in the neat- 
 est Manner.” , 
 
 CONNY,JOHN 
 
 John Conny, or Cony—for the name is spelled both 
 ways—was a prominent gold- and silver-smith, of Bos- 
 ton, at least as early as 1700. On Oct. 21, 1700, we find 
 John Chester, of Wethersfield, Conn., writing to him, 
 directing him to make a silver service and a silver tank- 
 ard, and to mark them with his arms and a cipher. Sil- 
 ver-plate made by him is still preserved. 
 
 The MSS. Archives of Massachusetts, under date of 
 March 12, 17702—08, note the indebtedness of the Colony 
 “To John Conny for graving 3 plates for Bills of Credit, 
 £30.00.0.”’ And on Nov. 26, 1706, the same records show 
 that, to prevent counterfeiting, the plate for the bills was 
 to be provided with “Eight blazons and put on by the 
 engraver.” ‘This Massachusetts currency of 1702 in- 
 cluded little more than the engraved script and the seal 
 of the Colony; and the earlier bills of 1690 approach it 
 so closely in general design and excution, especially in 
 the character of the decoration at the top of the note, that 
 there is a strong possibility that both plates were made 
 by the same man. If this assumption were correct, John 
 
 54 
 
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 Ue andet Cettles of all Sz SeaSer at, Cu e be Pvt, 
 aucsfrans, YD olev, Ve hoe = ae Poli, rafsTk cltles 
 
 a, Ponter- ano Cope of, oper Coris fore ialls Brafes analron 
 
 Seat othe ” al, pasonatle sages: 
 a ! irs aieatey pore ad 
 
 sc nN 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 Conny would be the first American engraver upon cop- 
 per of record. 
 
 COOK, T. B. 
 In 1809-16 T. B. Cook was engraving portraits in 
 
 stipple for Wm. Durell and other book publishers of 
 New York. 
 
 COOKE, GEORGE 
 
 It is difficult to locate the engraver of this name; or to 
 decide whether some of the plates so signed were exe- 
 cuted in England or in the United States. In 1812 a 
 George Cooke engraved American and Canadian land- 
 scape plates which were published in London. About 
 1816-18 work very similar in style was published in the 
 “Port Folio,” of Philadelphia; these latter landscape 
 plates were engraved from drawings made by Alexander 
 Wilson, J. J. Barralet, George I. Isham, and other 
 American artists. It would thus appear that the George 
 Cooke of 1812. was in Philadelphia in 1816-18. 
 
 The prolific English engraver of portraits in outline, 
 George Cooke, was working in London in 1812-16; but 
 his style of work is very unlike that of the landscape 
 plates referred to. 
 
 The American artist and portrait-painter, George 
 Cooke, was born in St. Mary Co., Md., March 11, 1793. 
 He studied art in Europe in 1826-30, and established 
 himself in New York on his return to this country. It is 
 not known that this man ever attempted to engrave; and 
 the plates signed by George Cooke as engraver are too 
 well done to be ascribed to any prentice hand. 
 
 55 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 COOKE, JOSEPH 
 
 In the “Pennsylvania Gazette,” Philadelphia, May 7, 
 1789, Joseph Cooke advertises himself as goldsmith, jew- 
 eler and hair-worker. He closes by announcing, “Church, 
 State or County Seals, Coats of Arms, &c. and all man- 
 ner of Engraving on steel, silver, gold or metal, executed 
 in the best manner and at the lowest prices.” 
 
 COPLEY, JOHN SINGLETON 
 
 Born in Boston, Mass., July 3, 1737; died in London, 
 Sept. 9, 1815. This famous American portrait-painter 
 was the stepson of the English portrait-painter and mez- 
 zotint engraver Peter Pelham, who died in Boston in 
 1751. On May 22, 1748, his first wife having died, Pel- 
 ham married Mary Singleton Copley, the widow of Rich- 
 ard Copley and the mother of the subject of this sketch. 
 
 John Singleton Copley doubtless received instructions 
 from his stepfather in both portrait-painting and in en- 
 graving. As evidence of the latter statement there exists 
 a small but creditably executed mezzotint plate of the — 
 Rev. Mr. William Welsteed, of Boston, in New Eng- 
 land. 'This plate is signed J. S. Copley pinat. et fecit. 
 William Welsteed died in 1753, and this plate was prob- 
 ably engraved about this date. 
 
 CORAM, T. 
 
 The signature T'. Coram Sc. is signed to a plate cover- 
 ing the entire back of a $70 bill of the State of South 
 Carolina, dated Feb. 8, 1779. The design is well drawn 
 and represents “Prometheus Bound,” but the engraving 
 
 is poorly executed in line. 
 56 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 Coram was living in Charleston, S. C., in 1802, as his 
 name, 7". Coram del, Charleston, is signed to an engrav- 
 ing of the arms of South Carolina used in the title of the 
 map of that State accompanying John Drayton’s “His- 
 tory of South Carolina.” 
 
 CROSS, A. B. 
 
 This engraver of landscape was a pupil of A. L. Dick 
 in 1840. He is said to have abandoned engraving early 
 in his life for some other business. 
 
 CROSS, P. F. 
 
 Born in Sheffield, England; died in Philadelphia in 
 1856. Cross was a die-sinker and served in that capacity 
 in the Mint of England before he came to Philadel- 
 phia, about 1845, and became an assistant to James B. 
 Longacre, chief engraver of the U. S. mint. Cross 
 engraved the obverse of the Ingraham medal, among 
 other work. 
 
 CUSHMAN, GEORGE H. 
 
 Born at Windham, Conn., June 5, 1814; died in 
 Jersey City, N. J., Aug. 3, 1876. Cushman was a pupil 
 of Asaph Willard, the Hartford engraver, and he be- 
 came an admirable line-engraver of landscape and book 
 illustrations. But he was chiefly known as a miniature 
 painter of high rank, though he did not do much work 
 professionally. He was also a fine water-colorist in 
 every department, these water-colors, like his minia- 
 tures, being remarkable for purity and simplicity of 
 character. 
 
 57 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 CUSHMAN, THOMAS H. 
 This clever engraver in line was working in New York 
 
 in 1840; but only two of his plates, a portrait of Jesse 
 
 Buel and a view of Lake George, have been found by the 
 compiler. He may have later engaged in bank-note work. 
 
 DAGGETT, ALFRED 
 
 This reputable line-engraver of portraits and bank- 
 note vignettes was the uncle and the first preceptor of 
 the American artist J. F. Kensett. Daggett was engray- 
 ing in New Haven, Conn., in 1835, and he was a member 
 of the engraving firms of Daggett & Ely and Daggett, 
 Hinman & Co. The work signed by these firm names, 
 however, is usually excuted in stipple. 
 
 DAINTY, S. 
 
 This man was engraving landscape in a mixed man- 
 ner, about 1840, in Philadelphia. John Dainty was a 
 copperplate printer in Philadelphia, working as early as 
 1817, and this S. Dainty may have been his son. 
 
 DANBY, J. 
 
 “Poulson’s Advertiser,” Philadelphia, May 29, 1822, — 
 
 contains the advertisement of “J. Danby, Engraver in 
 General, from London.” ‘This notice says that he en- 
 graves on “Gold, Silver, Copper, Brass, Wood, &c. in a 
 superiormanner’ ; but no signed work by Danby is known 
 to the compiler. 
 
 DANFORTH, MOSELY ISAAC 
 Born in Hartford, Conn., Dec. 7, 1800; died in New 
 York, Jan. 19, 1862. In 1818 Danforth was an appren- 
 58 
 
 2 -* 
 > ae me , ‘aS + of 6h Lh UP ee a 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 tice to Asaph Willard, of The Graphic Company, of 
 Hartford, and he became a meritorious line-engraver of 
 portraits and bank-note vignettes. He established him- 
 self in business in New Haven in 1821, but soon after re- 
 moved to New York. Danforth was one of the founders 
 of the Drawing Association of 1825, and of the National 
 Academy of Design in 1826. 
 
 Danforth went to London in 1827 and remained there 
 about ten years, and some of his largest and best plates 
 were engraved in that city. Uponhis return to New York 
 he became interested in bank-note engraving as a busi- 
 ness. He was a member of the firm of Danforth, Under- 
 wood & Co. about 1850; about 1858 this firm was merged 
 into the American Bank Note Co., and he was vice-presi- 
 dent of the latter company at the time of his death. 
 
 Mr. Danforth went abroad in 1827 to study art at the 
 Royal Academy in London; but he was chiefly successful 
 as a painter in water-colors; some of his sketches were 
 very popular and brought high prices. 
 
 DARBY, J.G. 
 
 This name, as engraver, is signed to a view of Niagara 
 Falls and to a map of the region about the Falls, both 
 published in Buffalo, N. Y., in 1838. 
 
 DARLEY, FELIX OCTAVIUS CARR 
 Born in Philadelphia, June 23, 1822; died at Clay- 
 mont, Del., March 27, 1888. He was the son of John 
 Darley, an actor of reputation who first appeared on the 
 American stage in Philadelphia in 1794, and died in that 
 city in 1858. F. O. C. Darley was placed in a mercantile 
 59 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 house at the age of fourteen; but he devoted his leisure 
 time to drawing. Some of his sketches finally attracted 
 attention, and he commenced his career as a popular and 
 prolific American illustrator. 
 
 Darley etched several series of his designs in outline; 
 notably those illustrating scenes from the works of Irving 
 and Cooper. These plates were published by the Amer- 
 ican Art Union about 1856. 
 
 DAVIES, CHARLES WILLIAM 
 
 Born at Whitesboro, N. Y., June 21, 1854; living in 
 1901. Davies learned to engrave upon copper and steel 
 in Utica, N. Y.; was in partnership with his preceptor 
 for two years, and then went into business for himself in 
 Syracuse, N. Y. He was burned out after a short time; 
 and after working at his business in various places, in 
 1881 he established himself in Minneapolis, Minn., as the 
 pioneer engraver of that city. No signed work of this en- 
 graver is known to the writer. 
 
 DAWES, H. M. 
 
 H. M. Dawes was a book-plate engraver, and was 
 probably a member of the Massachusetts family of that 
 name. He engraved a book-plate for Rev. Wm. Emer- 
 son (1769-1811), the father of Ralph Waldo Emerson. 
 Dawes must thus have been working prior to 1811. 
 
 DAWKINS, HENRY 
 Henry Dawkins was one of the earlier engravers in 
 the American Colonies, and in a document of record he 
 describes himself as an “engraver and silversmith.” He 
 60 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 was located in New York as early as 1754, when he en- 
 graved a book-plate for John Burnet, an attorney of that 
 city; and in 1755 Dawkins advertises in the “New York 
 Mercury” that he had Jeft Anthony Lamb, with whom 
 he had lately lived, and “has now set up his business op- 
 posite the Merchants Coffee House in New York, where 
 he engraves in all sorts of metal.” Dawkins then seems 
 to have gone to Philadelphia, as he was working with 
 James Turner in that city in 1758, and in 1761 he en- 
 graved the title-page and music for “Urania,” a music- 
 book published by James Lyon, A. B., in Philadelphia. 
 He remained in Philadelphia until 1774, when he re- 
 turned to New York. 
 
 According to the “American Archives,” edited by 
 Peter Force, Dawkins was arrested in May, 1776, some- 
 where in the vicinity of New York, and was charged with 
 engraving, printing and issuing counterfeit Continental, 
 Connecticut and Massachusetts paper money. He was 
 put into prison and in the trial ensuing he confessed that 
 he engraved the plates, but he implicated the Tory “Riv- 
 ington, the printer,” in the enterprise. It appeared from 
 the evidence that Dawkins had been previously impris- 
 oned in New York for a similar crime. On Oct. 19,1776, 
 he was still in jail; and on that date he petitioned the 
 Provincial Congress of New York for “the termination 
 of his sorrows by death, inflicted in what manner the 
 Honourable House may see fit.’’ This is the last heard 
 _of Dawkins and his ultimate fate is uncertain. 
 
 As an engraver Dawkins was chiefly occupied in the 
 production of book-plates, bill-heads, map ornamenta- 
 tion, etc. This work is executed in line and is fairly good. 
 
 61 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 His large plate of Nassau Hall, at Princeton, is probably 
 his best work; and his one known portrait plate is that of 
 Benjamin Lay, an eccentric Quaker of Philadelphia. 
 The latter plate is atrociously drawn and poorly engraved. 
 
 Thomas Westcott, in his “History of Philadelphia,” 
 assigns to Dawkins the engraving of several large and 
 unsigned plates caricaturing events in the political his- 
 tory of Philadelphia in 1764. Westcott gives no author- 
 ity for his statement; but Dawkins was located in Phila- 
 delphia at that time, and the work is poor enough, and it 
 is possible that he engraved them. | 
 
 The following advertisement from the “Pennsylvania 
 Journal,” July 19, 1758, is interesting as throwing some 
 light on the range of Dawkins’ work as an engraver: 
 
 “Henry Dawkins. Engraver from London. Who 
 lately wrought with Mr. James Turner; having now, en- 
 tered into business for himself, next door to the sign of 
 Admiral Boscawen’s head; in Arch-Street; where he en- 
 graves all sorts of maps, Shop-keepers bills, bills of par- 
 cels, coats of arms for gentlemen’s books, coats of arms, 
 cyphers and other devices on Plate; likewise seals and 
 mourning rings cut after the neatest manner and at the 
 most reasonable rates. 
 
 N. B. Those Gentlemen who please to favor me with 
 their custom may leben upon having their work done 
 neatly and with dispatch.’ 
 
 DEARBORN, NATHANIEL 
 Born in New England, 1786; died in South Reading, 
 Mass., Nov. 7, 1852. Nathaniel was the son of Benjamin 
 Dearborn, a man of some scientific attainments. At an 
 62 
 
— 
 
JOHN HANCOCK — 
 ENGRAVED BY sts 
 PAUL REVERE 
 
 tere 
 
V Engraved for Roy?American Magazine VolI 
 
 ie) 
 a 
 
 N 
 
 ° 
 
 .Efq 
 
 ‘JOHN HANCOCK 
 
 ] 
 
 b 
 
 me 
 
 The Ho 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 early age he was apprenticed to Abel Bowen, in Boston, 
 to learn wood-engraving; and in 1814 Dearborn was in 
 business for himself as an engraver on wood, with an of- 
 fice on School Street, Boston. He also engraved upon 
 copper, in the stipple manner, a few portraits and views, 
 of little merit. 
 
 In the “Daily Columbian Centinel,” Boston, Dec. 15, 
 1880, Dearborn advertises that he teaches the flute, “‘after 
 his new and original system’’; but he adds to the foot of 
 this notice, “Engravings on Wood, Brass and Copper, and 
 Perspective Drawings for Patents, as usual.” In April, 
 1881, in the same paper, he announces “that orders for 
 printing from Copper-plates will be faithfully attended 
 to at No. 6 State-street,”’ where he had installed “a beau- 
 tiful new improved Press, with metallic cylinders.” 
 
 Dearborn also published several books: among them 
 “The American Text-Book for making Letters”; “Bos- 
 ton Notions” (1848); “Reminiscences of Boston and a 
 Guide through the City and its Environs” (1851) ; and a 
 “Guide through Mount Auburn.” 
 
 DEELEY, C. 
 
 All that is known to the writer of this man is that he 
 engraved in line a fairly well-executed plate showing 
 “The New Hampshire Granite Ledge, at Concord, N. 
 H.” The plate is signed C. Deeley Sc. Boston. The ap- 
 parent date is about 1835—40. 
 
 DELANEY, J. E. 
 This man was a line-engraver of portraits and land- 
 
 scape, working for the magazines about 1850. 
 63 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 DELLEKER, GEORGE 
 
 With the profession of “engraver” appended, this 
 name appears in the Philadelphia directories for 1817 
 —24, inclusive. He was possibly engraving in that city 
 earlier than the first-named date, as we find portraits of 
 naval heroes of the War of 1812 executed by him, and 
 evidently intended for popular distribution. He was later 
 associated with the engraver G. H. Young, under the 
 firm name of Delleker & Young, in the general engrav- 
 ing business in Philadelphia. 
 
 DELNOCH, LUIGI 
 
 Born in Italy; died in New York about 1888. Delnoce 
 was an admirable engraver of book illustrations, appear- 
 ing in New York publications of 1855-60; but he was 
 chiefly engaged in bank-note work. 
 
 DEWING, FRANCIS 
 
 A Boston newspaper heralds the arrival of this early 
 American engraver in New England as follows: “Bos- 
 ton, July 30th, 1716. Lately arrived from London, 
 Francis Dewing, who Engraveth and Printeth Copper 
 Plates. Likewise Coats of Arms and Cyphers on Silver 
 Plate. He likewise Cuts neatly in wood and Printeth 
 Callicoes.” 
 
 The latter accomplishment probably refers to the hand 
 printing of calicoes from wood blocks, a method still in 
 use a century ago. In 1722, Dewing engraved and 
 printed a large map of “The Town of Boston in New 
 England, By John Bonner, 1722, Aetatis Suae 60.” The 
 plate is signed as Engraven and Printed by Fra. Dewing 
 
 64 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 Boston N. E. 1722. Sold by Capt. John Bonner and 
 Will'm Price against ye Town House where may be had 
 all sorts of Prints, Mapps etc. This map is fairly well 
 engraved for a plate of the kind and period: it was re- 
 published with alterations in 1739, 1743 and 1769 and 
 was reéngraved in facsimile in 1835, by George Girdler 
 Smith, a Boston engraver. No original impression of 
 Dewing’s plate has been seen by the writer. 
 
 DICK, ALEXANDER L. 
 
 Born in Scotland about 1805. Dick was a pupil of, 
 Robert Scott, areputable engraver of Edinburgh; hecame 
 to the United States in 1833 and in time he established 
 an extensive engraving business in New York City. 
 While Dick doubtless did some engraving himself, he 
 was the employer of many engravers; and as all plates 
 issuing from his place bore his name, it is piscaceilye im- 
 possible to identify his individual work. 
 
 A. L. Dick was the father of James T. Dick, the 
 American artist, born in New York in 18384, and who 
 died in Brooklyn, Jan. 19, 1868. 
 
 DODSON, RICHARD W. 
 
 Born at Cambridge, Md., Feb. 5, 1812; died at Cape 
 May, N. J., July 23, 1867. Dodson was an excellent line- 
 engraver of portraits and book illustrations. He was a 
 pupil of the Philadelphia engraver James B. Longacre, 
 and he made some of the best portraits in the National 
 Portrait Gallery, published by Longacre & Herring. 
 Dodson is said to have abandoned engraving for another 
 business in 1845. 
 
 65 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 DONEY, T. 
 
 This capital engraver of portraits in mezzotint came 
 to Canada from France; and after working for some 
 time in [llinois and Ohio, he established himself in busi- 
 ness in New York about 1845. Doney engraved a num- 
 ber of meritorious portrait plates for the “Democratic 
 Review” and other New York and ee ae peri- 
 odicals. 
 
 DOOLITTLE, AMOS 
 
 Born in Cheshire, Conn., in 1754; died at New Haven, 
 Conn., Jan. 31, 1832. Originally an apprentice to a silver- 
 smith, Doolittle early learned to engrave upon metal. In 
 1775 he joined the Revolutionary army at Cambridge 
 and served through that campaign. His artist friend 
 Ralph Earle made some rather curious drawings of 
 the engagement at Lexington and Concord; and these 
 Doolittle engraved on copper and published in New 
 Haven in 1775. They are very roughly engraved, but 
 interesting historically and highly prized. Barber, in 
 his “History and Antiquities of New Haven,” gives a 
 copy of the original advertisement of these plates, as 
 follows: 
 
 “This day published, and to be sold at the store of 
 James Lockwood, near the College, in New Haven, 
 four different views of the Battle of Lexington, Con- 
 cord, etc., on the 19th of April, 1775. 
 
 “Plate I. The Battle of Lexington. 
 
 “Plate II. A view of the town of Concord, with the 
 
 Ministerial troops destroying the stores. 
 
 “Plate III. The Battle of North Bridge, in Concord. 
 
 66 
 
ee aes ets 
 my r £ 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 “Plate LV. The South part of Lexington, where the 
 first detachments were joined by Lord 
 Percy. 
 
 “The above plates are neatly engraved on copper from 
 original paintings taken on the spot. Price, six shillings 
 per set for the plain ones; or eight shillings coloured. 
 
 “December 13th, 1775.” 
 
 Doolittle engraved a considerable number of portraits, 
 views, Bible illustrations, book-plates, etc., all executed 
 in line, and including a small view of the Battle of Lex- 
 ington done very late in his life in connection with Mr. 
 Barber. His work, at the best, possesses little other than 
 historical interest. 
 
 Mr. Barber credits Doolittle with engraving the first 
 historical plates donein America. Mr. Barber overlooked 
 Paul Revere’s plate of the Boston Massacre, published in 
 1770; and Romans’ “Exact View of the Late Battle at 
 Charleston” was published in Philadelphia in Septem- 
 ber, 1775, or about three months before the appearance 
 of Doolittle’s views of Lexington and Concord. | 
 
 DOOLITTLE, SAMUEL 
 
 A “Goodwin” book-plate, signed S. D. Sct. 1804, 1s 
 assigned to this name in the descriptive catalogue of the 
 late exhibition of early American engravings held under 
 the auspices of the Museum of Fine Arts, in Boston. 
 
 DOOLITTLE & MUNSON 
 
 This firm was engraving portraits, bank-notes, etc., in 
 1842, in Cincinnati, O. The second member of this firm 
 may have been S. B. Munson, living earlier in New 
 
 67 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 Haven. Some good line work of about this period, signed 
 A. Doolittle Sc., may be the work of the first member of 
 this firm. The work referred to is too well done to have 
 been engraved by Amos Doolittle, of New Haven, and 
 this latter Amos died in 1882. 
 
 A view of the engraving establishment of Doolittle & 
 Munson is to be found in a work entitled “Cincinnati in 
 1842,” published in that city. The sign shown calls them 
 bank-note engravers. 
 
 DORSEY, JOHN SYNG 
 
 Born in Philadelphia, Dec. 23, 1783; died there Nov. 
 12, 1818. This eminent American surgeon published, in 
 1813, his “Elements of Surgery,” “with plates by John 
 Syng Dorsey, M.D.” These plates are etched and some- 
 times finished in stipple; they are excellently done. Dr. 
 Dorsey also etched several good book-plates. 
 
 DOTY & JONES | 
 This firm, about 1880, was engraving portraits in 
 stipple. 
 
 DOUGAL, W. H. | 
 
 Born in New Haven, Conn., about 1808; was living in 
 Washington, D. C., in 1853. Mr. Alfred Jones says that 
 his name was originally Macdougal,and he was so known 
 for a time; but for some reason he later dropped the 
 “Mac.” He was a good engraver of landscape and por- 
 traits, the latter being executed in a mixed manner. In 
 1853 he was in the employ of the U.S. Treasury Depart- 
 ment at Washington, D. C. 
 
 68 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 DRAPER, JOHN 
 
 The directories of Philadelphia contain the name of 
 “John Draper, engraver,” continuously from 1801 to 
 1845. Dunlap says that Draper was an apprentice with 
 Robert Scot, of Philadelphia, and was living in 1833. 
 Draper was engraving for Dobson’s edition of Rees’ En- 
 cyclopedia in 1794—1803; and in 1810 he was a member 
 of the bank-note engraving firm of Murray, Draper, 
 Fairman & Co. On the death of George Murray in 1823 
 this firm became Fairman, Draper, Underwood & Co. 
 and was in existence in 1829. In 1835 the firm of Draper, 
 Underwood, Bald & Spencer was engraving bank- 
 notes in Philadelphia and New York; and in 1838, 
 Draper, Tappan, Longacre & Co. had similar estab- 
 lishments in these cities. That there was a younger 
 Draper, is shown by the existence, as late as 1860, of the 
 bank-note engraving firms of Draper & Co. and Draper, 
 Welsh & Co., both working in Philadelphia. Aside 
 from the encyclopedia work referred to, no plates 
 have been found signed by John Draper alone as en- 
 graver. 
 
 DRAYTON, J. 
 
 Drayton was an engraver of landscape in aquatint and 
 an expert print colorist. At least as early as 1820 he was 
 working in Philadelphia. He was later employed for 
 some years as a draftsman in one of the Government de- 
 partments in Washington. Drayton engraved a few 
 book illustrations in line. 
 
 J. Drayton was the father of Henri Drayton, an oper- 
 atic singer of some reputation. ! 
 
 69 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 DRESHER, A. 
 
 Dresher was a landscape engraver of little merit, work- 
 ing in New York about 1860. 
 
 DUDENSING, R. 
 
 This good engraver of portraits and landscape, in stip- 
 ple and in line, came to the United States from Germany 
 about 1857. About 1880 he established a book publish- 
 ing house in New York, which is still in existence. He 
 died in 1899 during a visit to the old home in Germany. 
 
 DUFFIELD, EDWARD 
 
 Edward Duffield was a clock- and watch-maker of 
 Philadelphia, and he was also a die-sinker and engraver 
 of medals. He engraved the silver medal presented to 
 Col. John Armstrong, in 1756, as a memorial of the de- 
 struction of the Indian village of Kittanning by Arm- 
 strong; and he made the dies for the medals prepared in 
 1762 for distribution among the Indians by The Friendly 
 Association for the Preservation of Peace among the In- 
 dians. The dies for this latter medal cost £15; they were 
 cut upon punches fixed in a socket, and the impression 
 was made by the stroke of a sledge-hammer. 
 
 DUNLAP, WILLIAM 
 
 Born in Perth Amboy, N. J., in 1766; died in New 
 York City, Sept. 28, 1839. Dunlap, in 1784, studied art 
 with Benjamin West in London; on his return to the 
 United States he became interested in the drama, wrote 
 several plays and was for a time manager of the Park 
 
 70 
 
ane’ 
 
REV. THOMAS HISCO 
 ENGRAVED BY _ 
 SAMUEL OKE 
 177s 
 
She Kite? dM, © 
 late Psteryf: the Bu plist v7 ho ae nWeste ‘takenfroman mal 
 Proturéey PIacreted C. ae, <Foke. Che. i hrpteiman *g 
 
 Te echo by Keak kelkey Tren tuellers &Siateonens on A xbliride Nap oath eS 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 Theater, in New York. He later resumed painting and 
 was the author of a number of works on history and the 
 drama. 
 
 In his “History of the Rise and Progress of the Art of 
 Design in the United States,” Dunlap says that he was 
 taught the theory and practice of engraving by Peter R. 
 Maverick in New York. He further tells us that in Mav- 
 erick’s shop he engraved a frontispiece for ‘‘a dramatic 
 trifle’ published in New York in 1787 or 1788. This note 
 possibly refers to an octavo stipple portrait of the actor 
 Wignell, the only known example of which is in the print 
 collection of the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston. This 
 print is very cleverly done, and is inscribed Mr. Wig nell 
 | in the character of Darby. | Wm. Dunlap del. et fec’. | 
 
 DUNNKEL, E. G. | 
 
 E. G. Dunnel was a student in the National Academy 
 of Design, in New York, in 1887; and in that year he 
 secured the third prize for drawing. He became a good 
 engraver of landscape and book illustrations; and in 
 1847 he was in the employ of Rawdon, Wright & Hatch, 
 an engraving firm of New York. Soon after this 
 latter date he is said to have abandoned engraving for 
 the pulpit. 
 
 DUNNEL, WILLIAM N. 
 
 This clever engraver in line and stipple was one of the 
 many pupils of A. L. Dick, of New York. Dunnel was 
 engraving for the magazines about 1845; but he con- 
 tracted bad habits and disappeared. 
 
 71 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS. 
 
 DURAND, ASHER BROWN 
 
 Born in Jefferson, N. J., Aug. 21, 1796; died in South 
 Orange, N. J., Sept. 17, 1886. Durand’s father was a 
 watchmaker and in his father’s shop he acquired some 
 knowledge of the elementary processes of engraving. In 
 1812 he was apprenticed to the engraver Peter Maverick, 
 and in 1817 he became a partner of his preceptor, under 
 the firm name of Maverick & Durand. The reputation of 
 Asher B. Durand as an engraver in pure line was estab- 
 lished by his large plate of the “Declaration of Indepen- 
 dence,” after the painting by John ‘Trumbull. His “Mu- 
 sidora,” engraved in 1825, was also one of his important 
 plates of this period; and his portrait work has never 
 been surpassed in excellence by an American engraver. 
 For a time he was interested in the business of bank-note 
 engraving; in 1825, in connection with his brother Cyrus 
 Durand, and in the same year he was a member of the 
 firm of Durand, Perkins & Co. 
 
 About 1836, A. B. Durand abandoned engraving for 
 the brush and palette, and he soon became as famous as a 
 painter of landscape as he had been as an engraver; and 
 to this branch of art he devoted the remainder of his life. 
 
 In 1895 the Grolier Club, of New York, published a 
 very full check-list of the engraved work of Asher B. 
 Durand. 
 
 DURAND, CYRUS 
 
 Born in Jefferson, N. J., Feb. 27, 1787; died at Ir- 
 vington, N. J., Sept. 18, 1868; he was the elder brother 
 of Asher B. Durand. In 1814 Cyrus Durand was in 
 business as a silversmith in Newark, N. J. But he was a 
 
 12 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 most ingenious mechanic, and among his earlier inven- 
 tions was a machine constructed for Peter Maverick, then 
 of Newark, for ruling straight and wavy lines in connec- 
 tion with bank-note work. ‘This was the first of a long 
 series of improvements and inventions intended for use in 
 the production of bank-notes; and Cyrus Durand is cred- 
 ited with having made the first American geometrical 
 lathe. 
 
 Though not an engraver himself, Cyrus Durand de- 
 voted his life to the invention and perfection of machinery 
 used in bank-note work; and his services were so impor- 
 tant in this connection that his name can not be omitted 
 from the present record. | 
 
 DURAND, JOHN 
 
 Two well-engraved vignettes on the title-pages of the 
 works of William Cowper and 'Thomas Gray, published 
 in New York by R. & W. A. Bartow, but undated, are 
 signed Engraved by J. Durand. 
 
 In answer to a query, Mr. John Durand, of Nice, 
 Italy, and son of Asher B. Durand, writes that these 
 vignettes were engraved by John Durand, a younger 
 brother of A. B. Durand, who died about 1820, aged 
 twenty-eight years. Mr. Durand says that his father 
 always maintained that his brother John was the 
 most talented member of the family at the time of 
 his death. 
 
 DURAND, THEODORE 
 Durand was a script engraver, working in New York 
 in 1835. 
 73 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 DURAND, WILLIAM 
 
 This nephew of A. B. Durand was a man of very con- 
 siderable mechanical ability. He was engraving for 
 bank-note companies in New York in 1850. 
 
 DUTHIE, JAMES 
 
 Born in England and was there taught to engrave. 
 Duthie was engraving book illustrations on steel in New 
 York in 1850-55. Some of his best line work appears in 
 the illustrations in an edition of Cooper’s works, pub- 
 lished in New York in 1860. 
 
 EARLE, J. 
 
 All that is known of this man is that he was engraving 
 portraits in Philadelphia in 1876, in connection with 
 James R. Rice. 
 
 ECKSTEIN, JOHN 
 
 John Eckstein was a portrait-painter, a modeler in 
 clay, and an engraver of portraits executed in a somewhat 
 curious stipple manner. In the proposals for publishing 
 his engraving of a “Representation of a Monument of 
 General Washington” (“Poulson’s Advertiser,” Phila- 
 delphia, Feb. 19, 1806), he is referred to as “Formerly 
 historical painter and statuary to the King of Prussia.” 
 His name appears in the Philadelphia directories of 
 1796-97 as “limner and statuary,” and again in 1805 
 —06; from 1811 to 1816 his occupation is given as “en- 
 graver,’ and at intervals in this period he appears as “a 
 merchant.” He was painting and engraving as late as 
 1822. 
 
 74 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES | 
 
 Eckstein’s few portrait plates are inscribed as “Painted 
 and Engraved by John Eckstein’; and they are executed 
 in a combination of stipple and roulette work, hard in 
 effect. In 1806 he modeled a statue of Washington fora 
 proposed monument; and in the same year he issued pro- 
 posals for, and engraved for the Society of the Cincin- 
 natus, the plate noted above. In 1809 he engraved illus- 
 trations for an edition of Freneau’s poems, published by 
 Lydia R. Bailey, of Philadelphia. 
 
 This engraver, though a German, should not be con- 
 founded with Johannes Eckstein, a German portrait- 
 painter and excellent engraver in mezzotint, who died in 
 London in 1798. 
 
 EDDY, ISAAC 
 
 Several exceedingly crude line-engravings of Bible 
 subjects are signed Isaac Eddy, Sculp’t W eathersfield, 
 Vt. These plates were published by Merifield & Coch- 
 ran, of Windsor, in 1812, for the “First Vermont Edi- 
 tion” of a Bible. 
 
 EDDY, JAMES 
 
 "This reputable engraver of portraits in stipple was 
 working in both Boston and New York in 1827. He 
 seems to have established himself in New York about 
 this time, as he was employed by book publishers of 
 that city for some years thereafter. Eddy was engrav- 
 ing portraits on steel in 1830, and some of these steel 
 plates are signed as Engraved at Pendleton’s, indica- 
 ting that he was then in the employ of this Boston pub- 
 lisher. | 
 
 75 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 EDWARDS, S. ARENT 
 
 Born in 1862 in Somersetshire, England; living in 
 New York in 1906. Mr. Edwards was a student at the 
 Kensington Art School in 1877—81, and was then taught 
 to engrave in mezzotint by Appleton, Josey & Alais, of 
 London. He first exhibited examples of his engraving in 
 the Royal Academy in 1885. 
 
 In 1890 Mr. Edwards came to the United States and 
 established himself in New York; and made book illus- 
 trations, portraits, and subject plates. He has very suc- 
 cessfully revived the art of printing in colors from mezzo- 
 tint plates, and has deservedly achieved a reputation. 
 His color plates are issued absolutely without “retouch,” 
 or without touching up with water-colors, as is too usual 
 in prints of this description. 
 
 EDWIN, DAVID 
 
 Born in Bath, England, December, 1776; died in Phil- 
 adelphia, Feb. 22, 1841. David Edwin was the son of 
 John Edwin, an English comedian of some fame, and 
 Mrs. Walmsley, a milliner of Bath. He was apprenticed. 
 to C. Jossi, a Dutch engraver then working in London, 
 and he accompanied his master to Holland in 1796. Dis- 
 agreeing with Jossi, Edwin left him, shipped as a sailor 
 on board a vessel bound for Philadelphia, and landed in 
 that city in December, 1797. 
 
 In Philadelphia Edwin found employment with the 
 book publisher T. B. Freeman; and he was then for a 
 time in the employ of Kdward Savage. The first engrav- 
 ing made by Edwin in this country is said to have been 
 
 76 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 the frontispiece to a selection of Scottish airs collected by 
 Benjamin Carr. 
 
 But Edwin’s marked ability as an engraver of por- 
 traits in the stipple manner soon gained him abundant 
 independent employment, and he became the most popu- 
 lar and prolific engraver of portraits in the United 
 States. | 
 
 In 1830 impaired health and failing sight compelled 
 Edwin to abandon engraving. He was then employed for 
 several years as a clerk in the auction rooms of his old 
 friend Mr. 'T. B. Freeman; he was next assistant treas- 
 urer at the Chestnut Street Theater, and later opened a 
 small grocery store. In 1835 he was made treasurer of 
 the newly organized Artists’ Fund Society, of Philadel- 
 phia; and having fallen heir to a small legacy about the 
 same time, he was enabled to pass his remaining years in 
 comfort. 
 
 The first check-list of the engraved work of David Kd- 
 win was compiled by the late Charles R. Hildeburn, and 
 published in the “Pennsylvania Magazine of History 
 and Biography,” in April, 1894. In 1905, Mr. Mantle 
 Fielding, of Philadelphia, privately printed a “Cata- 
 logue of the Engraved Work of David Edwin,” which is 
 the most complete list yet issued, including a number of 
 plates and states not described by Mr. Hildebrand. 
 
 ELLIS, EDWIN M. 
 
 This engraver of portraits and landscape, working 
 both in stipple and in line, was in business in Philadel- 
 phia in 1844. 
 
 77 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 ELLIS, GEORGE B. 
 
 In 1821 Ellis was a pupil of the Philadelphia engraver — 
 Francis Kearny; and in 1825-87, inclusive, he was in 
 business for himself in the same city. His name disap- 
 pears from the Philadelphia directories in 1888. 
 
 George B. Ellis first attracted attention as an en- 
 graver by his excellent copies of English engravings, 
 made by him for an edition of Ivanhoe. He produced 
 some very good portraits; but his best work is found 
 among his small Annual plates. 
 
 ELLIS, W. H. 
 
 W. H. Ellis was a good line-engraver of landscape 
 and book illustrations. His work appears in Philadelphia 
 publications of 1845-47. 
 
 ELY, A. 
 
 Ely engraved the script title-page, the music, and a 
 curious “musical” vignette for “The Songster’s Assist- 
 ant, etc., By T. Swan, Suffield, Conn. Printed by Swan 
 and Ely.” The work is undated, but seemingly belongs 
 to the first decade of the last century. ‘The only copy 
 known is in the Watkinson Library, of Hartford, Conn. ; 
 and for this item the compiler is indebted to the courtesy 
 of Mr. A.C. Bates, of the Connecticut Historical Society. 
 
 EMMES, THOMAS 
 
 The earliest known attempt of a portrait engraved 
 upon copper by an American engraver, is the work of 
 Thomas Emmes, of Boston. This is a portrait of the 
 Rev. Increase Mather, and appears as a frontispiece to 
 
 78 
 
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 “The Blessed Hope, etc.,’ published in Boston, New 
 England, in 1701 by Timothy Green for Nicholas Boone. 
 The plate itself is a very rough attempt at a copy of a 
 London portrait engraved either by Sturt or by Robert 
 White, and is little more than scratched upon the copper 
 in nearly straight lines; it has a strongly cross-hatched 
 background. The plate is signed Tho*. Emmes. Sculp. 
 Sold by Nicholas Boone 1701. 
 
 In the Boston Public Library there are two copies of a 
 work entitled “Ichabod, or, A Discourse showing what 
 Cause there is to Fear that the Glory of the Lord, is de- 
 parting from New-England,” published in Boston in 
 1702. Each copy contains the Emmes portrait of Dr. 
 Mather. But one plate, dated in 1701,has no background 
 at all; and the other, published in 1702, shows the back- 
 ground; in other words, there are two states of the orig- 
 inal plate of 1701, one with and the other without a back- 
 ground. That a seemingly earlier impression of a plate 
 should appear in a later imprint can only be explained by 
 assuming that the plate without a background was en- 
 graved for “The Blessed Hope” and a number of im- 
 pressions were struck off; but, believing that a back- 
 ground would improve the print, one was put in and 
 these later impressions were used, as stated, in 1701. 
 Then, when the “Ichabod” was printed in 1702, some of 
 these rejected first impressions were used in that book. 
 
 Quoting Savage’s “Genealogical Dictionary,” Dr. 
 Samuel A. Green, of the Massachusetts Historical So- 
 ciety, suggests that the engraver Thomas EKmmes was 
 possibly the eldest child of Thomas and Mary (Paddle- 
 ford) Eames, of Cambridge, who was baptized July 12, 
 
 79 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 f 
 1663. But Mr. Wilberforce Eames, of the New York 
 Public Library, says that this could not be, as the Thomas 
 Eames referred to by Dr. Green was killed by Indians in 
 1675. - 
 
 ENGELMANN, C.F. 
 
 An elaborate, curiously designed, and crudely engraved 
 Birth and Baptismal Certificate, published about 1814, 
 is signed E'ng’d and sold by C. F. Engelmann on Penns- 
 mount near Reading (Pennsylvania). The design fol- 
 lows closely similar work emanating from the community 
 of Seventh Day Baptists, at Ephrata, Lancaster Co., 
 Pa., which is in the vicinity of Reading. 
 
 ENTZING-MILLER, T. M. 
 
 This man was a designer for engravers, and an en- 
 graver of portraits in line. He did good work and was 
 located in Philadelphia and in New York in 1850-55. 
 
 EXILIOUS, JOHN G. 
 
 This reputable line-engraver of landscape and build- 
 ings was working in Philadelphia in 1810-14. He was, 
 in 1810, one of the founders of the Society of Artists, in 
 Philadelphia, but nothing more is known about him. His 
 largest and best plate is a view of the Pennsylvania hos- 
 pital, engraved in 1814 after his own drawing. 
 
 FAIRCHILD, LOUIS | 
 Born in Farmington, Conn., in 1800; was living in 
 New York in 1840. Fairchild learned to engrave with 
 Asaph Willard, in New Haven, and became an etcher 
 80 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 and line-engraver of landscape. He also painted por- 
 traits in miniature and is said to have excelled in that 
 branch of art, though he did little work as a painter. 
 
 FAIRMAN, DAVID 
 
 A brother of Gideon Firman, is mentioned as an en- 
 graver, though none of his work has been found. David 
 was born in 1782 and died in Philadelphia on Aug. 19, 
 1815. His obituary refers to him as “a respectable 
 Artist.” 
 
 FAIRMAN, GIDEON 
 
 Bornin Newtown, Fairfield Co., Conn., June 26,1774; 
 died in Philadelphia, April 18, 1827. Fairman was an 
 _ apprentice with a mechanic in his native village, but he 
 was later sent to Isaac and George Hutton, of Albany, 
 N. Y., to learn silver-plate engraving. In 1796 he com- 
 menced business for himself in Albany as an engraver; 
 and in 1810 he removed to Philadelphia and became a 
 member of the bank-note engraving firm of Murray, 
 Draper, Fairman & Co. But at the same time he de- 
 signed for engravers and engraved in line in his own 
 name. 
 
 In 1818, Fairman accompanied Jacob Perkins and 
 Asa Spencer to London, to compete for a liberal prize of- 
 fered for a means of preventing the forgery of bank-notes. 
 The Americans submitted a method of “engine-turning,”’ 
 and while they failed to secure the first prize they re- 
 ceived a considerable sum in recognition of the excellence 
 of their work. Fairman and Perkins then entered into 
 partnership with the English engraver Charles Heath, 
 
 $1 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 and published prints made by the “Patent hardened steel 
 process.” Fairman returned to Philadelphia after a short 
 time and was a partner of Cephas G. Childs in 1824, and 
 in 1826 he was a member of the firm of Fairman, Draper, 
 Underwood & Co. He is said to have been a colonel of 
 militia in the war of 1812. 
 
 FAIRMAN, RICHARD | 
 
 Born in 1788; died in Philadelphia in December, 1821. 
 Mr. C. Gobrecht says that Richard was a brother of Gid- 
 eon Fairman, and in 1820 he was working in the estab- 
 lishment of the latter engraver. He was engraving sub- 
 ject plates in line in Philadelphia as early as 1812. 
 
 FARMER, JOHN 
 
 Born in Half Moon, Saratoga Co., N. Y., Feb. 9, 
 1798; died in Detroit, Mich., March 24, 1859. Farmer | 
 was educated near Albany, N. Y., and taught school in 
 that city. In 1821 he removed to Michigan, became a 
 surveyor, and drew the first published map of Michigan. 
 He afterward published a number of maps of Michigan, 
 Wisconsin, Lake Superior, Detroit, etc. It is stated that 
 he engraved the most of these maps himself. John 
 Farmer held many important city offices in Detroit. 
 
 FELCH, —— 
 
 This name is signed to some poorly executed landscape 
 work published in 1855, with no indication of place. 
 
 FETERS or PETERS, W. T. 
 
 A crudely engraved stippled portrait of the Rev. John 
 Davenport, of Connecticut, is signed “W. T. Feters,” 
 | 82 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 though this may be a mistake of the letter-engraver for 
 Peters. The plate has no indication of its origin; and the 
 only reasons for ascribing it to an American are the poor 
 quality of the work and the fact that the subject is Ameri- 
 can. The date of publication is probably about 1820. 
 
 FIELD, ROBERT 
 
 Robert Field, portrait-painter and engraver, is said to 
 have been born in Gloucester, England; and a Halifax 
 newspaper records the item that “Robert Field, Esq., an 
 eminent artist, very much regretted, died at Jamaica, on 
 August 9th, 1819.” 
 
 William Dunlap says that Field came to New York 
 about 1793, and was a handsome, stout, gentlemanly 
 man, and a favorite with gentlemen. He tells little else, 
 other than that he went to Halifax, after painting very 
 good miniatures in Boston, Philadelphia, Baltimore, and 
 New York. 
 
 Field was in Philadelphia in January, 1795; and on 
 August 1 of the same year he published his portrait of 
 Washington in New York City. While in the United 
 States he engraved in stipple, and in a pleasing manner, 
 portraits of Washington, Jefferson, Hamilton, and 
 Shakespeare ; but he was chiefly occupied in painting 
 miniatures. Among the latter may be mentioned Wash- 
 ington and Jefferson, after Stuart, and Charles Carroll 
 of Carrollton—both of the latter engraved by Longacre 
 —and William Cliffton and J. EK. Harwood, engraved 
 by Edwin. Dunlap mentions his portraits of Mrs. Allen, 
 of Boston, and Mrs. Thornton, of Washington, D. C. 
 
 About 1808 Robert Field removed to Halifax, Nova 
 
 83 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 Scotia, and he seemingly remained there until 1816, 
 painting portraits; and he there engraved at least one 
 large plate, a full-length portrait of Governor-General 
 Sir John Coape Sherbrooke, published in Halifax in 
 1816. He painted this portrait, and those of Governor 
 Sir George Prevost and Governor Sir John Wentworth, 
 for the Government House in Halifax. The portrait of 
 Governor Prevost was engraved by S. W. Reynolds, and 
 published in London in 1818, but without any credit to 
 the artist. 
 
 Mr. Harry Peirs, curator of the Provincial Museum 
 of Halifax, writes that in addition to those mentioned 
 there are a number of Field’s portraits in that city, all 
 showing decided ability. He notes the portrait of Bishop 
 Charles Ingles, now in the National Gallery in London; 
 and portraits of Adam Dechezeau, John Lawson, Mi- 
 chael W allace, and William Bowie, all citizens of Halifax. 
 
 One brief published biography says that Robert Field 
 “went to Canada, studied theology and later became 
 prominent in the Episcopal Church.” ‘This is evidently 
 an error, as the most diligent search of the official church 
 records shows that there was no Robert Field among the 
 Episcopalian clergymen of that country. The evidence 
 is that he was painting portraits practically up to the 
 time of his death. He probably returned to England for 
 a short period; as Algernon Graves, in his “Dictionary 
 of Artists,” mentions R. Field as “a portrait painter of 
 Halifax, N.S.,” who exhibited at the Royal Academy in 
 London in 1818. He probably went from London to 
 Jamaica, and died there, as stated, in 1819. 
 
 An interesting letter of Robert Field is preserved 
 
 84 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 among the “Dreer Manuscripts” in the Pennsylvania 
 Historical Society. It is addressed to Robert Gilmor, 
 Jr., of Baltimore, and is dated in Philadelphia, Jan. 18, 
 1795. In this letter Field refers to the Robertson portrait 
 of Washington which he afterward engraved. He says 
 that “this miniature of the President is as good a likeness 
 and as fine a piece of painting as I ever saw”; and goes 
 on to say that he had engaged to engrave it of the same 
 size “with some ornaments to surround and make it more 
 interesting.” But as Mr. Robertson intended te go to 
 India, he declined the large plate and proposed to sell 
 the miniature to Field for $1000. Field thought this 
 price extravagant; though he adds that “it might be 
 worth while even on those terms, if in my power.” On 
 what terms he finally succeeded in getting the portrait to 
 engrave, is not stated. 
 
 Field notes that he already had plenty to do in Phila- 
 delphia, where he says he was “making a figure” in the 
 Academy of Arts and Sciences lately established in that 
 city. He hoped to succeed Robertson as a miniature 
 painter. 
 
 FITCH, JOHN 
 
 Born in South Windsor, Conn., Jan. 21, 1743; died in 
 Bardstown, Ky., in June or July, 1798. John Fitch, the 
 inventor of the steamboat, received a common school edu- 
 cation and was apprenticed to a clock-maker at an early 
 age. For some time he followed this business, combining 
 with it the manufacture and engraving of brass and sil- 
 ver buttons. After some service in the Revolution as a 
 
 85 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 gunsmith, in 1780, he was appointed a deputy-surveyor 
 by the State of Virginia and made extensive surveys in 
 Kentucky. He was a prisoner among the Indians in 
 1782-83. ; 
 
 In 1785 Fitch made a map of the northwest country for 
 the use of explorers, basing his work upon the maps of 
 Hutchins and Morrow and his own explorations. ‘This 
 map he crudely engraved upon copper hammered out 
 and prepared by himself; and he printed the maps upon 
 a press of his own manufacture. According to his adver- 
 tisement in the “Pennsylvania Packet” of June 30, 1785, 
 Fitch sold this map for “a French crown’; and he ap- 
 parently disposed of a considerable number of impres- 
 sions, as his biographers state that with $800 thus raised 
 he formed a steamboat company in 1787 and commenced 
 building a 60-ton boat. ‘The remainder of the career of 
 this unfortunate and unappreciated inventor is too well 
 known to need further mention in this place. 
 
 FOLWELL, SAMUEL 
 
 Born about 1765; died in Philadelphia, Nov. 26, 1813. 
 Folwell probably came from New England, as he en- 
 graved book-plates in 1792 for residents of New Hamp- 
 shire. In 1798 he came to Philadelphia as a miniature 
 painter, a cutter of silhouettes, and a “worker in hair” ; 
 he also conducted a school in that city for a time. Very 
 few examples of the engraved work of Folwell have been 
 seen; and his two portraits are executed in a combination 
 of aquatint and stipple which is rather pleasing in effect, 
 though showing an unpractised hand. 
 
 86 
 
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 FORREST, ION B. 
 
 Born in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, about 1814; died in 
 Hudson Co., N. J., in 1870. Forest was an apprentice | 
 to the London engraver 'Thomas Fry, and he remained 
 in the employ of Fry until he was induced, in 1837, to 
 come to Philadelphia to engrave for the National Por- 
 trait Gallery. In 1842 Forrest removed to New York 
 and was there employed by the Putnams and other pub- 
 lishers. He later turned his attention to miniature paint- 
 ing. 
 
 Forrest was a good engraver of portraits in the stipple 
 manner; but some of his best work is found in the form 
 of small fancy heads and vignettes. 
 
 FOSSETTE, H. 
 
 Was an engraver of landscape, working in New York 
 about 1850, after drawings by A. Dick. 
 
 FOSTER, C. 
 Was a designer and bank-note engraver located in 
 Cincinnati, O., in 1841. 
 
 FOSTER, JOHN 
 
 Baptized in Dorchester, Mass., Dec. 18, 1648; died in 
 Boston, Sept. 9, 1681. In 1667 Foster was graduated 
 from Harvard College; in 1669 he was teaching school in 
 Dorchester; and in 1675 he established the first printing 
 office in Boston, New England. 
 
 From all the evidence available, Foster was the first 
 engraver of a portrait in this country of whom we have 
 
 87 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 any record. This is a wood-block portrait of the Rev. 
 Richard Mather; and one of the three known impressions 
 has written upon it, in an almost contemporaneous hand, 
 Johannes Foster, sculpsit. 'This particular impression 
 was found by Mr. Wilberforce Eames, of the New York 
 Public Library, as the frontispiece to a life of Richard 
 Mather published in Cambridge, New England,in 1670; 
 in 1702 it was bound up with several tracts by the then 
 owner, and the supposition is that he wrote the inscrip- 
 tion noted above. Another copy of this portrait, framed, 
 is in the possession of the Massachusetts Historical So- 
 ciety. It has the name of Richard Mather printed upon 
 it in type, but has no indication of the engraver. 
 
 Dr. Samuel A. Green, of the Massachusetts Historical 
 Society, has made a close study of Foster as the possible 
 engraver of this portrait; and from his contribution to 
 the society proceedings on this head, and from mforma- 
 tion given personally, we have the following confirmatory 
 evidence: 
 
 In 1671, the Indian apostle, John Eliot, refers to 
 Foster, in a letter, as having engraved an A. B. C. book 
 for the use of the Indians; no copy of this book is known 
 to exist, but among the published books of Eliot note is 
 made of “The Logic Primer for the use of the Indians,” 
 1672. Blake’s “Annals of Dorchester” (Boston, 1846) 
 says, under date of 1681: “This year died Mr. John 
 Foster, son of Capt. Hopestill Foster, Schoolmaster of 
 Dorchester and he that made the then seal of the Arms of 
 ye Colony, namely an Indian with a Bow & Arrow.” Dr. 
 Green thinks that this note refers to a rude woodcut seal 
 of arms found in Increase Mather’s “Brief History of 
 
 88 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 the War with the Indians in New England,” printed by 
 Foster a few months before the appearance of Hubbard’s 
 narrative, also printed by Foster, in Boston in 1677. In 
 his funeral oration, delivered by his friend Thomas Tiles- 
 ton, John Foster is referred to as “a cunning Artist’; and 
 in the inventory of his estate, dated Oct. 5, 1681, mention 
 is made of “carving tools’ and “cuts and coollors,” the 
 latter possibly referring to printers’ ink. 
 
 Foster is also credited with having engraved the rude 
 woodcut map of New England issued with Rev. W. Hub- 
 bard’s narrative of the troubles with the Indians in New 
 England, published by John Foster in Boston in 1677. 
 This map has been the subject of much controversy, as 
 there are two distinct woodcuts of it differing widely in 
 detail and especially in the spelling of local names. On 
 this account one is known as the “White Hills” and the 
 other as the “Wine Hills” map; the contention of the one 
 party is that no New Englander could have made such 
 glaring and numerous errors in spelling the names of — 
 well-known New England localities as appear in the 
 “Wine Hill” map, and that this map must have been 
 made abroad. As it is somewhat better executed than the 
 other, this is possible, but the evidence already quoted 
 points to Foster as the engraver of the “White Hill” map, 
 in which names are correctly spelled. 
 
 From later notes on John Foster, contributed by Dr. 
 Green, the following additional matter is taken: A letter 
 of Wait Winthrop, of June 22, 1680, to his brother John 
 Winthrop, at New London, Conn., says: “I have sent 
 you a map of the towne, with Charlestowne, taken by 
 M’. Foster, the printer, from Noodles Island. ‘T'was sent 
 
 3 39 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 for Amsterdam and y* printed.” ‘This was probably a 
 view of the two towns, but no such engraving is known. 
 
 After teaching school in Dorchester, Foster established 
 his printing office in Boston in 1675. His place of busi- 
 ness was “over against the Sign of the Dove” on the 
 south side of Boylston Street, somewhere between W ash- 
 ington and Tremont streets. Foster was buried in the 
 burying ground in Dorchester, and in his will he provided 
 for the erection of “a pair of handsome Gravestones.” 
 These stones still exist; that at the head is elaborately 
 chiseled and contains a Latin couplet written by Increase 
 Mather. In this couplet Foster is referred to as studying 
 the stars, he having been the author of six almanacs. 
 
 FOW LE, E. A. 
 This man was a landscape engraver, working in line 
 in Boston in 1843, and in New York a little later. 
 
 FOX, GILBERT 
 
 According to Wm. Dunlap, Fox was born in England 
 about 1776; was apprenticed to the London engraver 
 Thomas Medland, and was induced to come to Philadel- 
 phia in 1795 by James Trenchard, who bought his re- 
 maining time from his master. Fox engraved a few por- 
 traits and book illustrations for Philadelphia publishers 
 and later became a teacher of drawing in a ladies’ acad- 
 emy in that city. Dunlap says that he eloped with one 
 of his pupils, lost his position, and then went upon the 
 stage; and the Philadelphia directory of 1798 contains 
 his name as “‘a comedian.” 
 
 It was for Gilbert Fox that Joseph Hopkinson wrote 
 
 90 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 “Hail Columbia,” and Fox sang it for the first time at 
 his benefit in 1798. Hopkinson, in telling how he came to 
 write this famous song and in speaking of Fox, says: “I 
 had known him at school.” Dunlap says that Fox was 
 improvident and always in debt; and from the dates on 
 his plates, up to 1806, he evidently continued to engrave 
 in the intervals between theatrical engagements. 
 
 FREDERICK, JOHN L. 
 
 Frederick was an engraver of buildings and book illus- 
 trations in business in Philadelphia from 1818 until 1845 ; 
 though he at times also kept a “Music Store.” As he was 
 engraving for Collins’ Quarto Bible, published in New 
 York in 1816, it is probable that he came from that city 
 to Philadelphia. His one known portrait, that of the 
 Rev. Joseph Eastburn, is an attempt in stipple and is 
 poorly done. 
 
 John L. Frederick is said to have died in Philadelphia 
 in 1880 or 1881. 
 
 FREEMAN, 
 
 Well engraved line-plates so signed are found in a 
 quarto Bible published in New York in 1816; but noth- 
 ing more is known as to the identity of the man. 
 
 FREEMAN, E. O. 
 
 This good line-engraver of historical subjects was 
 working for Boston publishers about 1850. 
 
 FREEMAN, W. H. 
 W. H. Freeman was an excellent letter and script en- 
 graver, working in Baltimore, Md., about 1830. He may 
 91 
 
/ 
 
 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 have been the “Freeman” who was engraving in line in 
 New York in 1816. 
 
 FRENCH, EDWIN DAVIS 
 
 Born in North Attleborough, Mass., Jan. 19, 1851. 
 Entered Brown University in 1866, but owing to illness 
 left that institution in 1868. In 1869 he began engraving 
 on silver with the Whiting Manufacturing Co., and he 
 went with that establishment when it removed its works 
 to New York in 1876. Mr. French studied drawing and 
 painting at the Art Students’ League of New York, un- 
 der William Sartain, in 1883—86; he was later on the 
 board of control of that organization until 1891, serving 
 as president in 1890-91. : | 
 
 In 1894 Mr. French began the designing and engray- 
 ing of book-plates and similar work on copper, and in 
 this branch of the art he has achieved a well-deserved repu- 
 tation. Since 1894 he has designed and engraved 245 
 book-plates, chiefly for private owners, but he also made 
 many for clubs and public institutions. Among the latter 
 may be noted the beautiful plates designed and engraved 
 for the Grolier Club, Union League, and Metropolitan 
 Museum of Art, of New York; the Club of Odd Vol- 
 umes, of Boston; Library of Princeton University ; Child 
 Memorial Library, and other Harvard Library plates; 
 Long Island Historical Society—Storrs. Memorial; 
 Dean Hoffman Library, etc. For the Society of Icono- 
 philes he engraved their first publication, a series of 
 views of historical New York buildings, and he has also 
 made a number of title-pages and certificate plates. In 
 
 92 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 1897 Mr. French moved his studio to Saranac Lake, 
 N. Y., where he is still at work. 
 
 FURNASS, JOHN MASON — 
 
 Nathaniel Hurd, among other people, mentions in his 
 will his sister Anne Hurd, wife of John Furnass; and to 
 his nephew John Mason Furnass he bequeathed his en- 
 graving tools. 
 
 In 1785 Furnass was painting portraits in Boston, but 
 book-plates and Massachusetts Loan certificates consti- 
 tute the only engraved work by Furnass seen by the 
 writer. 
 
 FURST, MORITZ 
 
 Born at Boesing, Hungary, March, 1782; living in 
 New York in 1834. Furst was an engraver of dies for 
 coins and medals, and was a pupil of Wurst, chief die- 
 sinker in the Mint of Vienna, and of Megole, afterward 
 superintendent of the Lombardy Mint. 
 
 In 1807 Mr. Joseph Clay, U. S. Consul at Leghorn, 
 induced Furst to come to the United States, as die-sinker 
 in the U. S. Mint at Philadelphia; and in this capacity 
 he engraved the dies for a large number of Congress 
 medals awarded to military and naval heroes of the War 
 of 1812. Furst was also engaged at the same time in 
 general business, as he advertises (July 11, 1808) as an 
 “Engraver of Seals and Dye-Sinker on Steel and other 
 metals,” and asks for the patronage of the citizens of 
 Philadelphia. He was in business as an “Engraver on 
 Steel” in Philadelphia as late as September, 1820. 
 
 | 93 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 G., L. 
 
 These initials, as engraver, appear upon a reversed 
 copy of acaricature originally etched by William Charles, 
 of Philadelphia, and seemingly of contemporaneous date. 
 The print represents a “Scene on the Frontier” ; the chief 
 figure being an English officer paying Indians for 
 American scalps. 
 
 GALLAND, JOHN 
 
 The name of John Galland, “engraver,” appears in 
 the Philadelphia directories for 1796-1817, inclusive. He 
 engraved in the stipple manner and with little effect. 
 Probably his most ambitious work is a large portrait of 
 Washington done after a similar plate by David Edwin. 
 A number of portraits and historical plates executed by 
 Galland are to be found in a history of France published 
 by James Stewart, Philadelphia, 1796-97. 
 
 GALLAUDET, EDWARD 
 
 Born in Hartford, Conn., April 30, 1809; died there 
 Oct. 11, 1847. He was the son of Peter Wallace Gal- 
 laudet, merchant, and a nephew of Rev. Thomas Hop- 
 kins Gallaudet, the educator of the deaf and dumb. Ed- 
 ward Gallaudet was probably an apprentice with one of 
 the several engraving establishments in Hartford; he then 
 worked in Boston with John Cheney. Gallaudet was a 
 reputable line-engraver, his best work appearing in the 
 Annuals of 1835-40. 
 
 A miniature portrait of Kdward Gallaudet is in the 
 possession of his nephew, Mr. EK. M. Gallaudet, principal 
 
 94 
 
1751-1821 ares 
 
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 Ska) 
 
 i 
 
 — 
 
 Ss ——— 
 
 2 a oe oar Lt es : A .-" ee ey an ao 
 
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 od 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 of the Gallaudet College for the Deaf and Dumb ot 
 Washington, D. C. 
 
 GALLAUDET, ELISHA 
 
 Born in New Rochelle, N. Y., about 1730; living in 
 1800. Elisha Gallaudet was the second son of Dr. Peter 
 Gallaudet, one of the Huguenot settlers of New Rochelle; 
 and in 1755 he was married to Jeanne Dubois, of the 
 same town. As early as 1759 Gallaudet was in business 
 in New York as an engraver, as is shown in an advertise- 
 ment in the “New York Mercury” of March 5, 1759. In 
 this issue appear proposals for printing by subscription 
 “Six Representations of Warriors who are in the Service 
 of their Majesties, the King of Great Britain and the 
 King of Prussia. Designed after life with a Description 
 as expressed in the Proposals.” Among the persons 
 named as taking subscriptions for these prints are “Mr. 
 Joseph Woodruff, Limner, in Dock Street. Mr. Mi- 
 chael De Bruls, engraver, at Mr. Furer, Silversmith, in 
 French Church Street; Mr. Elisha Galludet (sic), En- 
 graver, in South Street, etc.” 
 
 The writer is unable to identify these six prints. But 
 the issue of July 30, 1759, of the same journal, apolo- 
 gizes for the delay in their appearance, and goes on to 
 say that the “editor” of these prints is required by the 
 urgency of the “service” to be at his station at Fort Stan- 
 wix. The further statement is made, however, that “five 
 of above plates are finished and the sixth is actually en- 
 graving.” From this it would appear that these portraits 
 were actually produced in the Colony, and possibly en- 
 graved by de Bruls or Gallaudet, or both. 
 
 95 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 Besides some early book-plates the only known en- 
 graving by Elisha Gallaudet is a portrait of the Rev. 
 George Whitfield, issued as a frontispiece to a “Life of 
 Whitfield” published by Hodge & Shober, New York, 
 1774. This plate is very poorly engraved and is evidently 
 a copy from an English print. In the list of subscribers 
 to this book is the name of “Elisha Gallaudet, engraver, 
 New York.” 
 
 GANDOLFI, MAURO 
 
 Born in Bologna, Italy, in 1771; died there in 1834. 
 This master engraver in line, and a pupil of the famous 
 Giuseppe Longhi, was probably the first of the really 
 prominent European engravers to visit the United States 
 professionally, though he never engraved here. Dunlap 
 ' tells us that he came to the United States under a con- 
 tract to engrave for $4,000 Col. Trumbull’s large plate 
 of the “Declaration of Independence.” But owing to the 
 relatively high cost of living in New York, he cancelled 
 his engagement and returned to Italy. He took with him 
 William Main, a young man of New York who had 
 shown some early ability in engraving. Gandolfi 
 promised to instruct him in the art; but owing to some 
 personal disagreement they separated and Main went 
 into the studio of Raphael Morghen, and remained there 
 several years. 
 
 GARDEN, FRANCIS 
 
 The “Boston Evening Post,” March 4, 1745, contains 
 the following advertisement: 
 
 “Francis Garden, Engraver from London, engraves 
 
 96 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 in the newest Manner and at the cheapest Rates, Coats- 
 of-Arms, Crests or Cyphers on Gold, Silver, Pewter or 
 Copper. To be heard of at Mr. Caverly’s, Distiller, at 
 the South End of Boston. 
 
 “N. B. He will wait on any Person,in Town or Coun- 
 ty, to do their work at their own House, if desired; also 
 copperplate printing performed by him.” 
 
 Nowork of any kind signed by Garden is known to the 
 writer. 
 
 GAUK, JAMES 
 
 The New York directories for 1799-1804 contain this 
 name as “engraver.” No work signed by Gauk is known 
 to the writer. 
 
 GAVIN, H. 
 
 A fairly well-executed line frontispiece to Marmon- 
 tel’s Belisarius is signed H. Gavin, Sculp. The work it- 
 self was published at Newburyport, in 1796, for Thomas 
 and Andrews, of Boston, Mass. No other example of 
 Gavin’s work has been seen by the compiler. 
 
 GAVIT, JOHN E. 
 
 Born in New York, Oct. 29, 1817; died at Stock- 
 bridge, Mass., Aug. 25, 1874. Gavit learned his business 
 in Albany, N. Y., and he there founded an engraving, 
 printing, and lithographing establishment. He later be- 
 came especially interested in bank-note work, and in 1855 
 he assisted in organizing the American Bank Note Co., 
 in New York. After serving as secretary for a time, he 
 
 97 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 was elected president of that company in 1866, and held 
 that office until his death. 
 
 The firm of Gavit & Duthie furnished a number of 
 portraits for the magazines, but as they employed en- 
 gravers the individual work is difficult to detect. 
 
 GAW, R. M. 
 
 This engraver was probably in the employ of Peter 
 Maverick in Newark, N. J., in 1829. He engraved in 
 line portraits and architectural work. | 
 
 GIL, GERONIMO ANTONIO 
 
 Born in Zamora, Spain, in 1732; died in the city of 
 Mexico, April 16, 1798. Gul studied in San Fernando 
 and in Madrid, and in 1756 he was awarded a prize for 
 painting and in the same year he commenced engraving. 
 He continued his studies in Rome in 1757, and in 1760 
 he was appointed chief engraver to the Mint in the city 
 of Mexico. He engraved the dies for a number of medals 
 and made the matrices and punches for the type foundry 
 for the Royal Library, said to be one of the best outfits 
 then in existence. He also engraved the portraits of 
 Charles III, and of Palafox, Bishop of Puebla. 
 
 GILES, CHARLES T. 
 
 Born in New York, Aug. 25, 1827; living in Brook- 
 lyn, N. Y., in 1900. This reputable line-engraver of 
 landscape and historical subjects began work in New 
 York in 1847, and was practising his profession as late as 
 1898. 
 
 93 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 GILLINGHAM, EDWIN 
 
 A map of Boston and its vicinity, made from an actual 
 survey by John G. Hales, is signed Edwin Gillingham 
 Sc. This map, 24% <30%4 ins. in size, was published by 
 John Melish, Philadelphia, 1819. It was republished by 
 John G. Hales in Boston in 1820, and again in 1829. 
 
 GILMAN, J. W. 
 
 J. W. Gilman engraved the music and words in “The 
 American Harmony, or Royal Melody Complete. etc.,” 
 in two volumes, by “William Tan’sur, Senior. Musico 
 Theorico,” and by “A. Williams, Teacher of Psalmody 
 in London.” ‘The book was “Printed and Sold by Daniel 
 Bayley, at his House next Door to St. Paul’s Church, 
 - Newbury-Port, 1771.” The preface to the second part 
 bears the date of Jan. 5, 1771. To various pages the en- 
 graver signs his name as J. W. Gilman sculpt., I.W.G., 
 J.W. G. sc., ete. 
 
 A study of the “Gilman Genealogy” leads the writer 
 to assume that this engraver was John Ward Gilman, 
 born in Exeter, Mass., May 9, 1741, and died in the same 
 place, June 16, 1828. There is no record of the career of 
 John Ward Gilman, other than that he was postmaster 
 of Exeter for forty years. Exeter is only about fifteen 
 miles from Newburyport, and this crude work might 
 have been done by the Gilman of the former town. 
 
 GIMBER, STEPHEN H. 
 
 Born in England and there learned to engrave, but he 
 was working at his profession in New York as early as 
 1830; and in 1832—33 his name is associated on plates 
 
 99 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 with that of A. L. Dick, of that city. His name is found 
 in the New York directories until 1842, when he prob- 
 ably removed to Philadelphia, as he was in business in 
 the latter city, as an engraver and lithographer, after 
 1856. Gimber was a good portrait engraver in stipple 
 and mezzotint, and his early subject plates are in line; 
 he also drew portraits upon stone. His son of the same 
 name was also an engraver. 
 
 GIMBREDHE, JOSEPH NAPOLEON 
 
 Born at West Point, N. Y., in 1820. He was a son of 
 Thomas Gimbrede and learned to engrave with his uncle, 
 J.F. EK. Prud’homme. J. N. Gimbrede was in business 
 as an engraver in New York in 1841—45, producing por- 
 traits and subject plates. He was later a stationer with 
 an establishment under the Metropolitan Hotel, No. 588 
 _ Broadway. 
 
 GIMBREDE, THOMAS 
 Born in France in 1781; died at West Point, N. Y.., 
 Oct. 25, 1832. Gimbrede came to the United States in 
 1802 as a miniature painter; but he was engraving some 
 excellent portraits in the stipple manner for the New 
 York publishers, John Low and William Durell, as early 
 as 1810. In 1816 he had an office at 201 Broadway, New 
 York, and he furnished a considerable amount of work 
 for the Philadelphia magazines, the “Port Folio” and 
 the “Analectic.” On Jan. 5, 1819, Thomas Gimbrede 
 was appointed drawing-master at the Military Academy 
 at West Point, and he remained in that position until his 
 100 | 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 death. He continued to engrave, however, until late in 
 life, as we find portrait plates engraved and published by 
 him in 1881. He was a brother-in-law of J. F. E. 
 Prud’homme, also an engraver of portraits in stipple. 
 
 GIRARDET, P. 
 
 A well-engraved line and stipple plate was published 
 in New York in 1857 and entitled “Winter Scene in 
 Broadway.” ‘The plate is signed as engraved by P. Gi- 
 rardet from a painting by H. Sebron. As this is the only 
 plate by this engraver known to the writer he can not say 
 that the work was executed in the United States. The 
 names of the engraver and painter are French; and 
 though the scene is laid in New York the plate may have 
 been made abroad. 
 
 GIRSCH, FREDERICK 
 
 Born in Biedingen, a suburb of Darmstadt, Germany, 
 March 31, 1821; died in Mt. Vernon, N. Y., Dec. 18, 
 1895.. Left an orphan at an early age, young Girsch was 
 forced to assist in the support of his mother and four sis- 
 ters; and to this end he made use of his exceptional nat- 
 ural talent for drawing. Having received some instruc- 
 tion in painting from a local artist, one Carl Seeger, he 
 earned some money by portrait-painting, and his portrait 
 of a Princess attracted such general attention that a suf- 
 ficient sum was raised by subscription to enable him to 
 pursue his art studies at the Royal Academy of Darm- 
 stadt, then one of the leading art institutions of Ger- 
 many. He remained in Germany until the Revolution of 
 
 101 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 1848, when he obtained official permission to further pur- 
 sue his studies in Paris; but he left that city for the 
 United States in 1849. 
 
 Mr. Girsch settled in New York, and having in the 
 course of his art studies learned to etch and to engrave in 
 line, the first work executed by him in this country was 
 done for the then “New Yorker Criminal Zeitung.” As 
 was then the custom, this publication issued “premium” 
 engravings, and Mr. Girsch engraved two of these— “Die 
 Helden der Revolution” and “Niagara Falls.” He rap- 
 idly improved in the quality of his line work and made a 
 number of portraits for the publishers of New York City. 
 
 But it is as a bank-note engraver that Mr. Girsch did 
 his best work and achieved a reputation. The issue of 
 paper money by the Government, soon after the outbreak 
 of the Civil War, demanded a class of work much su- 
 perior to the earlier private bank-notes, and the most 
 skilled line-engravers of the country were employed by 
 the bank-note companies commissioned to provide this 
 new money. Girsch soon found a recognized place among 
 these men and was engaged in bank-note work practically 
 up to the time of his death. 
 
 Mr. Girsch engraved the “De Soto discovering the 
 Mississippi” on the back of one of the early $10 notes; 
 the head of Liberty on the 15-cent fractional currency, 
 and the portrait of Washington on the 25-cent note of 
 the same currency. He was particularly proud of a plate 
 of peculiar interest and now almost unknown. This was 
 the plate, 1214 ins., of the “Legion of Honor,” impres- 
 sions from which President Lincoln proposed to present 
 to all honorably discharged officers and soldiers at the 
 
 ) 102 
 
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BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 close of the Civil War. This plate was finished, but the 
 tragic death of the President and the resulting confusion 
 in public affairs prevented his intentions from being car- 
 ried out, and very few impressions of the plate are in ex- 
 istence. 
 
 At the age of seventy-three years Mr. Girsch en- 
 graved, in etching and in line, a large plate entitled 
 “Grand Ma’s Toast,” which is an excellent piece of work; 
 but another plate, “The Gypsey Girl,” 514714 ins., and 
 executed for “his own pleasure,” about the same time, is 
 in pure line and is probably as meritorious a plate as was 
 ever engraved by him. 
 
 GLADDING, K. C. 
 
 Several rather poorly engraved “Rewards of Merit” 
 are signed “K. C. Gladding Sc.” There is no indication 
 of the place of origin, other than that the plates are un- 
 _doubtedly American. Judging from the “bank-note” 
 ornamentation the date of the plates is about 1825-30. 
 
 GLOVER, D. L. 
 
 Glover was an engraver of portraits and subjects, in 
 line and in stipple, located in New York in 1850—55. 
 
 GOBRECHT, CHRISTIAN 
 
 Born in Hanover, York Co., Pa., Dec. 28, 1785 ; died in 
 Philadelphia, July 23,1844. Christian Gobrecht was the 
 son of the Rev. John Christopher Gobrecht, who was 
 born in Augerstein, Germany, Oct. 11, 1733; came to 
 America in 1755; was ordained a minister of the German 
 Reformed Church on Sept. 28, 1766, and died at Han- 
 
 103 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 over, York Co., Pa., Nov. 6, 1815. The mother of Chris- 
 tian Gobrecht was Elizabeth Sands, whose ancestor, 
 James Sands, settled at Plymouth, Colony of Massa- 
 chusetts Bay, in 1642. 
 
 At an early age Christian Gobrecht was apprenticed 
 to a clock-maker of Manheim, Lancaster Co., Pa., to 
 learn the business; and at the end of his apprenticeship 
 he established himself in Baltimore. By working upon 
 the metal clock-faces of the period he learned engraving | 
 and die-sinking; and as early as 1810 he engraved a 
 creditable portrait of Washington for J. Kingston’s 
 “New American Biographical Dictionary,” published in 
 Baltimore. About 1811 he removed to Philadelphia, and 
 while especially engaged in sinking dies for medals and 
 other work of that nature he furnished a few good por- 
 trait plates for the publishers of that city. Among his 
 better-known dies may be mentioned the Franklin Insti- 
 tute medal of 1825, after a design by Thomas Sully; a 
 portrait medal of Charles Willson Peale; the seal of St. 
 Peter’s Church, Philadelphia; and award medals for the 
 Massachusetts Society for the Promotion of Manufac- 
 tures, and the Massachusetts Charitable Mechanics Asso- 
 ciation. In 1886 Mr. Gobrecht was appointed draughts- 
 man and die-sinker to the U. S. Mint in Philadelphia, 
 and he designed and made the dies for the dollar of 1836. 
 On Dee. 21, 1840, he succeeded William Kneass as chief 
 engraver to the Mint and held this office until his death 
 in 1844. The dies made by Mr. Gobrecht are justly 
 esteemed for the artistic excellence of the work put upon 
 them. 
 
 According to papers in the possession of his grandson, 
 
 104 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 Charles G. Darrach, C.E., of Ridley Park, Pa., Christian 
 Gobrecht was the original inventor of the medal-ruling 
 machine, a device whereby medals, etc., could be engraved 
 directly from the relief face and a plate thus prepared 
 for reproduction upon paper. This claim was disputed 
 by Mr. Asa Spencer, of Philadelphia, as late as 1842; 
 but the evidence is that in 1810, while still living in Balti- 
 more, Mr. Gobrecht constructed the first ruling-machine 
 ever made in which the ruler was stationary and the plat- 
 form carrying the plate was moved under it. In 1816 he 
 engaged Mr. Spencer to make for him a ruling-machine 
 in which the platform was to be moved by a screw, instead 
 of by an inclined plane as in the machine of 1810. But 
 yielding to the objections raised by Mr. Spencer and by 
 Jacob Perkins, he permitted a roller to be substituted for 
 the screw; with the result that the machine produced 
 would rule only straight, instead of wavy, lines. 
 
 Mr. Gobrecht later had this machine changed to suit 
 his original ideas, and in 1817 he produced with this new 
 machine ahead of Alexander I of Russia, engraved from 
 a medal. This production attracted much attention at 
 the time and was “‘a subject of eager inquiry as to how it 
 was done,” says Mr. Gobrecht. With the consent of Mr. 
 Gobrecht, Messrs. Mason and Baldwin, in 1825, made a 
 medal-ruling attachment to a ruling-machine made by 
 Asa Spencer in 1817 for Richard Fairman. The same 
 firm made a similar machine for Gideon F airman, a busi- 
 ness associate of Asa Spencer. 
 
 It should be explained that ruling-machines for pro- 
 ducing straight equidistant lines, for background work, 
 etc., were employed in England as early as 1776, and 
 
 105 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 were in common use in the United States in 1816; but it 
 was not until about 1840—42 that Bates, in London, and 
 ’ Asa Spencer, in Philadelphia, began to issue work that 
 called general attention to the direct reproduction of 
 medallic work by means of an improved ruling-machine. 
 In 1842 Mr. Spencer publicly claimed the credit for the 
 original invention of the medal-ruling machine; though 
 on Aug. 8, 1830, he had written a letter to the “United 
 States Gazette,” of Philadelphia—the original of which 
 is still in existence—stating that “It was never my inten- 
 tion to deny but always to admit, that Mr. Gobrecht was 
 the first to discover the mode of ruling medals, as ex- 
 hibited by his specimen published in 1817.” Mr. Go- 
 brecht met the claim of Mr. Spencer by a statement call- 
 ing attention to the above letter; by giving the names of 
 men who made and of engravers who used his machines; 
 and by finally pointing out that a Gobrecht medal-ruling 
 machine was used in 1825 by the engraving firm of which 
 Mr. Spencer was then a member. 
 
 Mr. John Saxton, also of the U. S. Mint, later made 
 valuable improvements on the medal-ruling machine, and 
 eliminated the tendency to distortion in the resulting en- 
 graving. At first the medal itself was used as a model, 
 and a valuable specimen might thus be ruined. Mr. 
 Spencer proposed a shellac impression of the medal for 
 the medal itself; but this was open to the objection that it 
 could be punctured by the tracing-point and a false 
 transfer would result. To meet both of these objections 
 Mr. Saxton used an electrotype model, which was even 
 more satisfactory than the medal itself, for any acciden- 
 
 106 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 tal scratches or dents could be removed before ruling the 
 plate. 
 
 GODWIN, ABRAHAM 
 
 Born in what is now Paterson, N. J., July 16, 1763; 
 died there, Oct. 5, 1885; he was the son of Abraham God- 
 win and Phebe Cool. Before he was fourteen years of 
 age Abraham Godwin enlisted in a New York regiment 
 as fife major and he served until the end of the Revo- 
 lutionary War. 
 
 At the close of the war Godwin became an apprentice 
 to A. Billings, an indifferent engraver of book-plates, 
 etc., located in New York. As an engraver Godwin ap- 
 parently issued but few signed plates, and his work is 
 akin to that of his master in quality. 
 
 Abraham Godwin wrote verses, some of which were 
 published in the newspapers of the day, and he was fond 
 of sketching and painting. In his later days he was the 
 proprietor of the old Passaic Hotel,in Paterson, and Dun- 
 lap says that he was a brigadier-general in the New Jersey 
 militia. He was the father of the late editor and author, 
 Parke Godwin, who was born in Paterson, N. J., in 1816. 
 
 In making this note the writer expresses his indebted- 
 ness to Mr. William Nelson’s forthcoming history of 
 Paterson, N. J. 
 
 GOLDTHWAIT, G. H. 
 
 This man, apparently a bank-note engraver, was work- 
 ing in Boston in 1842. There is a “Miniature County 
 Map of the United States,’ Drawn Engraved and Pub- 
 
 107 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS — 
 
 lished by G. H. Goldthwait, Boston— 1842. The map is 
 embellished with a border of small views of public build- 
 ings, natural scenery, etc. 
 
 GOODALL, ALBERT GALLATIN 
 
 Born in Montgomery, Ala., Oct. 81,1826; died in New 
 York, Feb. 19, 1887. At the age of fifteen Goodall en- 
 tered the Texan navy as a midshipman, and saw active 
 service during the Mexican-Texan war. In 1844 he went 
 to Havana and there learned copperplate engraving. He 
 removed to Philadelphia in 1848, commenced to engrave 
 bank-notes on steel, and later connected himself with the 
 New York company which became in time the American 
 Bank Note Company. Goodall was president of this 
 company for the last twelve years of his life. 
 
 In 1858, Goodall visited Greece, Turkey, Russia, Nor- 
 way, and Sweden, in the interest of the bank-note com- 
 pany, and obtained many foreign orders to be executed 
 in New York. The Greek bank-notes were the first for- 
 eign notes engraved on steel, those of Russia coming 
 next. Goodall also obtained large South American or- 
 ders, and he was decorated by Alexander II of Russia 
 and by the Emperor of Brazil. In 1860 he went to St. 
 Petersburg, with five American engravers, to execute an 
 order there and to instruct Russian engravers in Ameri- 
 can methods. 
 
 GOODMAN, CHARLES 
 Born in Philadelphia about 1790; died there in 18380. 
 Goodman was a pupil of David Edwin, and a good en- 
 graver in the stipple manner. When he had learned his 
 business he and his fellow apprentice, Robert Piggot, 
 108 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 founded the firm of Goodman & Piggot and produced a 
 considerable number of portraits, etc., in Philadelphia. 
 
 In 1822 Goodman abandoned engraving for the pro- 
 fession of law, having been admitted to the Philadelphia 
 bar on May 14, 1822. About the same time Robert Pig- 
 got studied theology and became a clergyman. 
 
 GRAHAM, A. W. 
 
 Graham was born in England and studied engraving 
 under Henry Meyer, a well-known London engraver. 
 He came to the United States about 1832; and in 1884 
 _ he engraved some excellent views for the “New York 
 Mirror.” He engraved a few portraits at a later date; 
 but his best work is to be found in the small plates exe- 
 cuted for the Annuals of 1885-40. Graham was located 
 in Philadelphia in 1838—40 and in 1844-45, according 
 to the directories of that city: he was living in New York 
 as late as 1869. 
 
 GRAHAM, GEORGE 
 
 Of this clever engraver in mezzotint and in stipple, 
 little more is known than that he was seemingly located 
 in Philadelphia in 1797, and was working for New York 
 publishers in 1804; he designed and apparently engraved 
 a frontispiece for the “Proceedings of the Society of the 
 Cincinnati,” published in Boston in 1812, and he was 
 again engraving in Philadelphia in 1818. 
 
 A G. Graham is referred to in Nagler’s Lexicon as an 
 engraver in the stipple manner, but this man was pub- 
 lishing prints in London in 1799. 
 
 109 
 
 ~ 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 GRAHAM, P. PURDON | 
 
 This name, as engraver, is signed to a well-executed 
 line-engraving of Cadwallader Colden; after a portrait 
 painted by Matthew Pratt, and belonging to the Cham- 
 ber of Commerce of New York. The work was probably 
 done about 1870-75, but nothing more is known about 
 the engraver. 
 
 GRAY & TODD 
 
 This firm was engraving diagrams and script-work in 
 Philadelphia in 1817. 
 
 GREENWOOD, JOHN 
 
 Born in Boston, New England, Dec. 7, 1727; died at — 
 Margate, England, Sept. 15, 1792. Greenwood was a 
 son of Samuel Greenwood, of Boston, and his wife Mary 
 (Charnock) Greenwood, and a nephew of Prof. Isaac 
 Greenwood, of Harvard College. 
 
 In 1752 he went to Surinam, seemingly in a clerical 
 capacity, and from there he went to Holland. In Hol- 
 land he learned to engrave in the mezzotint manner. In 
 1763 he established himself in London as a painter and 
 engraver of portraits, but in 1773 he abandoned art and 
 became an auctioneer, in business at Haymarket and in 
 Leicester Square. 
 
 Greenwood is sometimes referred to as an early Ameri- 
 can engraver; but there is no evidence that he ever prac- 
 tised that art in this country. The portrait of Thomas 
 Prince, engraved by Pelham in Boston in 1750, was 
 painted by John Greenwood, and the statement that he 
 
 110 
 
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BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 learned to paint, as well as to engrave, in Holland, is un- 
 founded. 
 
 In 1760 he engraved in mezzotint a beautiful portrait 
 of himself. 
 
 GRIDLEY, ENOCH G. 
 
 This engraver in both stipple and line was in business 
 in New York in 1803-05 inclusive, and at a later date he 
 was working for Philadelphia publishers. The latest date 
 on any of his plates noted by the compiler is 1818. 
 
 GROSS, J. 
 
 This reputable engraver of portraits in stipple was 
 working for the “National Portrait Gallery,” published 
 in 1834; he was probably one of the group of engravers 
 brought to Philadelphia by James B. Longacre. 
 
 J. D. Gross was engraving portraits in mezzotint 
 about the same time, but the work is so inferior in exe- 
 cution to the stipple work of J. Gross, that it must be 
 executed by anotherman. 
 
 HAINES, D. 
 
 D. Haines was an engraver of business-cards, etc., 
 working in Philadelphia about 1820. 
 
 HAINES, WILLIAM 
 
 This excellent engraver of portraits, etc.,in the stipple 
 manner, came from England to Philadelphia in 1802. 
 He opened a studio at No. 178 Spruce Street, and ad- 
 vertised that he painted portraits in water-colors “in a 
 style entirely new in the United States”; and work of 
 
 111 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 this description seen by the writer proves that Haines 
 was a master of this branch of his art. He produced a 
 number of good portrait plates for American publishers 
 and he also drew for other engravers. Haines returned to 
 England about 1809, as his name disappears from the 
 Philadelphia directory of 1810; and a subject plate en- 
 graved by “W. Haines” was published in London in 
 1809. He was working in London for some years later 
 than this. 
 
 ~HALBERT, A. 
 
 Halbert was a nephew of J. F. K. Prud’homme and 
 was probably a pupil of that engraver. In 1835 he was 
 working for the Harper Bros. in New York, and in 1838 
 he was in the employ of the engraving firm of Rawdon, 
 Wright & Hatch, of the same city. Halbert was a good 
 line-engraver of portraits and vignettes; as his signed 
 plates are very few in number he was probably chiefly 
 engaged in bank-note work. 
 
 HALL, ALFRED BRYAN 
 
 Born in Stepney, London, England, Nov. 18, 1842; 
 living in New York in 1900. A. B. Hall was a son of H. 
 B. Hall, Sr., and came to New York in 1851. After 
 serving an apprenticeship of seven years with his father, 
 he worked as an engraver with J. C. Buttre, H. Wright 
 Smith, A. H. Ritchie and George E. Perine, all of New 
 York. He was later a member of the firms of H.B. Hall 
 & Sons and H. B. Hall Sons, until his retirement in 
 1899. He engraved over his own name a number of por- 
 
 112 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 traits, both large and small. He served for a time in the 
 army, in the Civil War. 
 
 HALL, ALICE 
 
 Born at Halloway, London, England, Jan. 27, 1847; 
 living in New York in 1900. She was a daughter of H. 
 B. Hall, Sr., and while still young she evinced very con- 
 siderable talent in drawing and etching. She etched por- 
 traits of Washington, after Stuart and Trumbull, among 
 other work; but illness in the family caused her to aban- 
 don a profession in which she had made a promising be- 
 ginning. — 
 
 HALL, CHARLES BRYAN 
 
 Born in Camden Town, London, Aug. 18, 1840; liv- 
 ing in New York in 1906. C. B. Hall was the second son 
 of H. B. Hall, Sr., and he came to New York in April, 
 1851, and commenced his studies under his father. In 
 1855 he was apprenticed to James Duthie, a landscape 
 engraver then living in Morrisania, N. Y. Mr. Hall 
 served for two years in the Civil War, and was discharged 
 by reason of wounds and general disability. After work- 
 ing about five years with George E. Perine, of New 
 York, he started in business for himself as an engraver 
 of portraits. Later, when the firm of H. B. Hall & Sons 
 was established, it included H. B. Hall, Sr., H. B. Hall, 
 Jr., C. B. Hall, and Alfred B. Hall. On the death of the 
 father in 1884, the firm name was changed to H. B. Hall 
 Sons, and Mr. E. H. Knight, a son-in-law of H. B. 
 Hall, Sr., was a member until his death in 1896. After 
 
 113 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 1899 Mr. C. B. Hall carried on the business alone. Mr. 
 Hall has engraved a number of large portrait and sub- 
 ject plates and has engraved and published portraits and 
 sketches of a very large number of officers of the ev 
 War, both Union and Confederate. 
 
 HALL, GEORGE R. 
 
 Born in London, England, in 1818; he was a brother 
 of H. B. Hall, Sr. George R. Hall commenced engrav- 
 ing under the tuition of his brother, and then worked in 
 London and in Leipsic. He came to New York in 1854, 
 and was first employed by Rawdon, Wright, Hatch & 
 Co., and was later engraving over his own name for the 
 Putnams and other New York publishers. 
 
 HALL, HENRY BRYAN 
 
 Born in London, England, March 11, 1808; died at 
 Morrisania, N. Y., April 25, 1884. H. B. Hall was a 
 pupil of the London engravers Benjamin Smith and 
 Henry Meyer; and he was later employed by H. T. 
 Ryall, Historical Engraver to the Queen, to execute the 
 portrait work in the large plate of “The Coronation of 
 Victoria,” after the painting by Sir George Hayter. Mr. 
 Hall came to New York in 1850, and soon established a 
 very extensive business as an engraver and publisher of 
 portraits. He had very considerable ability as a portrait- 
 painter, and while in London he painted a portrait of 
 Napoleon III, among others; and among his portraits 
 painted in the United States are those of Thomas Sully 
 and C. L. Elliott. He painted miniatures on ivory, and 
 
 114 | 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 etched a large number of portraits of men prominent in 
 the Colonial and Revolutionary history of this country 
 for a private club of New York and Philadelphia col- 
 lectors. 
 
 HALL, HENRY BRYAN, JR. 
 
 Born in Camden Town, London, England; was living 
 in New York in 1900. He came to New York with his 
 father in 1850 and served his apprenticeship with his 
 father. In 1858 he went to London and worked under 
 Charles Knight for about one year, and then returned 
 and established himself in the engraving business in New 
 York. He served in the Civil War from 1861 until 1864, 
 when he resigned with the grade of captain, as the result 
 of a serious wound. He engraved many portraits of gen- 
 erals and officers of the Civil War, and also a number of 
 historical plates; but retired from business in 1899. 
 Among his larger plates are “The Death of Lincoln,” 
 and subjects after the paintings of J. G. Brown and 
 other American artists. 
 
 HALL, PETER 
 
 Born in Birmingham, England, in 1828; died in 
 Brooklyn, N. Y., July 5, 1895. Mr. Hall came to the 
 United States in 1849 and learned to engrave in the New 
 York establishment of the American Bank Note Com- 
 pany. His special work was bank-note script engraving, 
 in which he excelled. In 1886 he went into business in 
 New York asa bank-note engraver; later the firm became 
 Kihn & Hall, and is still in existence as Kihn Brothers. 
 His son, Charles A. Hall, is now in the employ of the 
 
 115 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 Bureau of Printing and Engraving, at Washington, 
 D.C. 
 
 A well-executed stipple portrait of Washington, after 
 the portrait by Mrs. E. Sharpless, is signed as Engraved 
 by P. Hall and appears as a frontispiece to the “Memoirs 
 of Thaddeus Koseiusko,” by A. W. W. Evans, New 
 York, 1883. This plate was probably engraved by some 
 one then in the employ of Mr. Hall. | 
 
 HALPIN, FREDERICK 
 
 Born in Worcester, England, in 1805, and was the 
 pupil of his father, an engraver for one of the Stafford- — 
 shire potteries. About 1827 Frederick Halpin was lo- 
 cated in London, engraving historical subjects and por- 
 traits. He came to New York about 1842, and for a time 
 was in the employ of Alfred Jones in that city. He was 
 a good engraver of portraits and book illustrations in 
 stipple. His name is sometimes signed to prints as F’. 
 W. Halpin. . 
 
 } 
 
 HALPIN, JOHN 
 
 This engraver was a brother of Frederick Halpin, and 
 he was engraving in St. Petersburg, Russia, before he 
 reached the United States, by way of Halifax. About 
 1850 John Halpin was engraving landscapes and a few 
 portraits for New York publishers. Some few years 
 later he was employed by the Ladies Repository and the 
 Methodist Book Concern, both of Cincinnati, O. 
 
 HAMLIN, WILLIAM 
 
 Born in Providence, R. I., Oct. 15, 1772; died there 
 116 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 Noy. 22, 1869; he was the fifth in direct descent from 
 Giles Hamlin, an early settler in Middletown, Conn. In 
 the early part of the last century many merchant vessels 
 were owned in Providence; and as the trade with Afri- 
 can, Chinese, and West Indian ports was quite extensive, 
 Mr. Hamlin established himself in business as a manu- 
 facturer and repairer of sextants, quadrants, and such 
 other nautical, optical, and mathematical instruments as 
 were used by the navigator. 
 
 As engraving upon metal was part of his business he 
 began experimenting upon copper; and his business- 
 card of a later date adds to his business proper that of 
 “Engraving & Copperplate Printing.” He was then 
 located at the “Sign of the Quadrant, No. 131 S. Water 
 St., Providence, R. 1.” 
 
 As an engraver Mr. Hamlin made his own tools and 
 worked practically without instruction. His plates show 
 a somewhat weak mixture of mezzotint and stipple, fre- 
 quently worked over with the roulette. Good impres- 
 sions of his plates, however, show that he made the best 
 of his limited opportunities. 
 
 Mr. Hamlin saw Gen. Washington, on one of his vis- 
 its to the Eastern States, and the impression made upon 
 the engraver was so strong that his most important plates 
 and his last work have Washington for their subject. 
 Considering the Savage portrait as the best likeness, he 
 followed that artist in his several portraits of Washing- 
 ton; but he also held Houdon’s bust in high esteem and 
 in his ninety-first year he engraved Washington after 
 that sculptor. This was his last plate. 
 
 Besides the portraits noted in the Hamlin check-list he 
 
 117 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 engraved quite a number of book illustrations. Person- 
 ally Mr. Hamlin was a very retiring man, extremely 
 modest, and very courteous. 
 
 HAMM, PHINEAS E. 
 
 The name of P. E. Hamm, “engraver,” appears in the 
 Philadelphia directories for 1825-27, inclusive; until 
 1839 the same name and address are given, with “coal- 
 dealer” as the occupation; and in 1840—45 Phineas E. 
 Hamm was the assistant city treasurer of Philadelphia. 
 
 The engraved work so signed is usually in line, though 
 he executed a few good portraits in stipple. 
 
 HAMMOND, J. T. 
 
 Hammond was a good line-engraver of landscape and 
 subject plates in 1839. In that year he was employed in 
 Philadelphia, but he seems to have later removed to St. 
 Louis, Mo. 
 
 HANKS, O. G. 
 
 Hanks was born in Troy, N. Y., and in 1838 he was 
 learning to engrave in the establishment of Rawdon, 
 Wright & Hatch, in New York. He was a capital line- 
 engraver, both of portraits and landscape, and was prob- 
 ably chiefly employed by the bank-note companies. He 
 died about 1865, says Mr. Alfred Jones. 
 
 HARRIS, JAMES 
 A. line-engraving of a Madonna, well executed and 
 published about 1850, is signed Ja’s Harris, Engraver, 
 118 
 
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 A Correct View of Tae Lars Barrie at CHARLESTOWN June / iz hip7 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 58 Nassau Street (New York). No other plates of this 
 engraver have been seen. 
 
 HARRIS, SAMUEL 
 
 Born in Boston, Mass., May, 1783; was drowned in 
 the Charles River, while bathing, on July 7, 1810. The 
 “Polyanthos,” Boston, 1812, published a memoir of Sam- 
 uel Harris, and from this we learn that he was appren- 
 ticed at an early age to his relative, the Boston engraver, 
 Samuel Hill; and the first portrait executed by Harris 
 appeared in the “Polyanthus” for 1806. 
 
 Harris showed a wonderful aptitude for acquiring 
 languages; and by patient effort and hard work he gained 
 some considerable knowledge of the languages of the 
 Continent and the East. His ability in this direction at- 
 tracted the attention of some citizens of Boston, and by 
 their aid Harris was enabled to enter the junior class at 
 Harvard College in 1808. His death occurred while he 
 was still at Harvard, and a Mr. Cranston, a fellow stu- 
 dent, delivered a eulogy on Harris in the college chapel. 
 
 As an engraver Harris worked both in line and in stip- 
 ple, and his plates possess some merit and show great 
 promise. 
 
 HARRISON, CHARLES 
 Charles Harrison, in 1840, was working as a letter en- 
 graver in New York; in 1900 he was still employed in 
 this capacity by the American Bank Note Co., of New 
 York. : 3 
 119 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 HARRISON, CHARLES P. 
 
 Born in England in 1788; was living in 1850. C. P. 
 Harrison was the son of Wm. Harrison, Sr., and was 
 brought to Philadelphia by his father in 1794. He was 
 probably a pupil of his father in engraving. From 1806 
 until 1819 he was in business in Philadelphia as a cop- 
 perplate printer; but in 1820—22 Harrison combined 
 “engraving” with his printing establishment. In 1823 he 
 was in business in New York; he remained nee until 
 1850 and possibly later. 
 
 There is some very good line work signed by C. P. 
 Harrison; but his stipple portrait work is inferior in exe- 
 cution. He also attempted portrait- painting, with very 
 indifferent success. 
 
 Charles P. Harrison was the father of Gabriel Harri- 
 son, the actor and author, born in Philadelphia in 1818 
 and living in 1894. 
 
 HARRISON, DAVID R. 
 
 This bank-note engraver was for many years in the 
 employ of the American Bank Note Co.; and he con- 
 tinued to engrave until he was nearly ninety years of age. 
 
 HARRISON, RICHARD 
 
 The name of “Richard Harrison, engraver” appears 
 in the Philadelphia directories in 1820—22, inclusive, 
 along with that of Richard G. Harrison, noted below. 
 Previous to that time, or in 1814, he was engraving line 
 frontispieces, etc., for F. Lucas & J. mae a, publish- 
 ing firm of Baltimore, Md. 
 
 120 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 HARRISON, RICHARD G. 
 
 This line-engraver was probably one of the “several 
 sons” of Wm. Harrison, Sr., who came to Philadelphia 
 in 1794. R.G. Harrison was engraving for the “Port 
 Folio” in 1814, and possibly earlier than that for S. F. 
 - Bradford’s Philadelphia edition of the Edinburgh Ency- 
 clopeedia, of 1805-18. After 1822 he is called “bank- 
 note engraver” in the Philadelphia directories, and in 
 this capacity his name appears there continuously until 
 1845. 3 
 
 HARRISON, RICHARD G., JR. 
 
 This younger R. G. Harrison was a mezzotint en- 
 graver working in Philadelphia about 1860-65, chiefly 
 upon portraits. 
 
 HARRISON, SAMUEL 
 
 Westcott, in his “History of Philadelphia,” says that 
 Samuel Harrison was a son of William Harrison; was a 
 pupil in engraving with his father before 1810, and died 
 on July 18, 1818, aged twenty-nine years. ‘The only ex- 
 ample of his work seen is a good line map of Lake On- 
 tario and Western New York, engraved in 1809. 
 
 HARRISON, WILLIAM 
 
 Born in England; died in Philadelphia, Oct. 18, 1803. 
 William Harrison is said to have been a grandson of 
 John Harrison, the inventor of the chronometer. He 
 learned to engrave in London, and was for a time in the 
 employ of the Bank of England; he also engraved maps 
 for the Kast India Company. | 
 
 121 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 In 1794 Wm. Harrison came to Philadelphia “with 
 several sons” under an engagement to engrave for the 
 Bank of Pennsylvania. He remained there until his 
 death. 
 
 The following announcement of the death of the elder 
 Harrison, in “Poulson’s Advertiser,” Philadelphia, Oct. 
 19, 1808, is interesting in combining praise of the dead 
 with a recommendation of the living engraver—his son. 
 
 “Died, on the 18th. of the prevailing fever, Mr. Wil- 
 liam Harrison, Senr., late engraver to many of the prin- 
 cipal Banks in the United States. In the relative duties 
 of a citizen, husband and friend, Mr. Harrison was social, 
 affectionate and sincere; as a father, his worth is best ex- — 
 pressed by the dignified grief of a widowed mother, and 
 several children. In that branch of the’art which em- 
 ployed the talents of this gentleman he stood preémi- 
 nent;his productions are marked with the strength and ac- 
 curacy of science beautified by the description of a chaste 
 and masterly hand. 'The advancement of the polite arts, 
 as it marks the progress of refinement in national taste, 
 is interesting to every American gentleman. For this 
 reason, while we regret the loss which science sustains by 
 a deprivation of matured genius, we enjoy a satisfaction 
 in being able to recommend to the patrons of the fine arts, 
 Mr. Harrison, Jun., an artist whose degree of execution 
 as an engraver has raised him to a superior eminence in 
 the line of his profession.” 
 
 HARRISON, WILLIAM, JR. 
 This son of William Harrison was engraving in line 
 in Philadelphia as early as 1797, signing himself W. 
 122 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 Harrison, Junior Sculpt. As an engraver his name ap- 
 pears in the Philadelphia directories for 1802-19, in- 
 clusive. He was a good portrait engraver in line, and 
 also worked in stipple. Very little of his signed work is 
 seen, and he was probably chiefly employed by the bank- 
 note engraving companies. 
 
 HARRISON, WILLIAM F. 
 
 This excellent letter engraver was in the employ of 
 New York bank-note companies in 1831—40. 
 
 HARTMAN, C. 
 
 Hartman was a very clever line-engraver of portraits, 
 working, about 1850—55, for J. C. Buttre and other New 
 York print publishers. 
 
 HATCH, GEORGE WwW. 
 
 Born, about 1805, in Western New York; died at 
 Dobbs’ Ferry, N. Y., in 1867. Mr. Hatch was one of the 
 first students in the National Academy of Design in 
 1826, and for a time he was a pupil of A. B. Durand. 
 He was a good line-engraver, and in 1830 he was de- 
 signing and engraving bank-note vignettes in Albany 
 and in New York City. While he engraved portraits, 
 landscape plates, and subject plates for the “Annuals,” 
 his signed work is not plentiful. He was a member of the 
 firm of Rawdon, Wright, Hatch & Smillie, was one of 
 the founders of the American Bank Note Co., and he 
 was president of that company in 1863-66. 
 
 A large and well-engraved portrait of Washington 
 
 123 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 Irving, published in the ““New York Mirror” in 1882, is 
 signed Engraved by Hatch & Smillie. 
 
 HATCH, L. J. 
 
 L. J. Hatch was a bank-note engraver in the employ 
 of the Treasury Department, at Washington, D. C., 
 about 1875. 
 
 HAVELL, ROBERT 
 
 Havell was born in England; was instructed in his art 
 in that country and was engraving in aquatint in London 
 as early as 1815. He came to New York about 1840, un- 
 der an engagement to make the plates for the smaller and 
 popular edition of Audubon’s “Birds of America,” pub- 
 lished in New York in 1844. He worked at Sing Sing 
 on the Hudson; and while in this country he executed in 
 aquatint a series of large and capital views of American 
 cities, and also designed plates for other engravers. 
 
 HAY, DE WITT CLINTON 
 
 Born in or near Saratoga, N. Y.; and in 1850 he was 
 an apprentice with Rawdon, Wright, Hatch & Smillie, 
 in New York. He devoted himself to bank-note engrav- 
 ing as a member of the firm of Wellstood, Hanks, Hay 
 & Whiting, of New York. | 
 
 No plates signed by Hay as engraver have been seen 
 by the compiler; but Mr. Alfred Jones says that Hay en- 
 graved the small Annual plate of “The Oaken Bucket,” 
 after the painting by Frederick S. Agate; this plate is 
 signed by his employers— Rawdon, Hatch & Smillie. 
 
 124 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 HAY, WILLIAM 
 
 This line-engraver of buildings and subjects was work- 
 ing in Philadelphia from 1819 to 1824. 
 
 HAY, WILLIAM H. 
 
 This name is signed to plates found in C. G. Childs’ 
 “Views of Philadelphia,” published in 1828. Both this 
 man and the William Hay noted above were line-engrav- 
 ers of similar subjects and about contemporaneous. 
 There is enough difference in their style of work, how- 
 ever, to encourage the belief that they were different men. 
 
 HENRY, JOHN 
 
 The name of “John Henry, engraver,” appears in the 
 Philadelphia directory for the one year of 1798, and he 
 was engraving well-executed business-cards in that city. 
 In 1818 he was working for Baltimore publishers; and 
 in 1828 he was engraving the illustrations for Madame 
 Mothe Guion’s “Die Heilige Liebe Gottes,” published in 
 Lancaster, Pa. He may have been some connection of 
 William Henry, of Lancaster, Member of the Conti- 
 nental Congress and prominent in Revolutionary affairs 
 in that section; and in support of this suggestion we find 
 that a John Henry was a pupil at the Franklin College, 
 in Lancaster, in 1787. 
 
 HERBERT, LAWRENCE 
 The “Pennsylvania Gazette,” Oct. 16, 1748, contains 
 the following advertisement: “Engraving on Gold, Sil- 
 ver, Copper or Pewter, done by Lawrence Herbert, from 
 London, at Philip Syng’s, Goldsmith, in Front Street.” 
 125 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 In 1751, Herbert apparently left Philadelphia, as on 
 August 1 of that year he requests persons having any 
 demands upon him to present them at the home of Peter 
 David, in Second Street, Philadelphia. 
 
 HEWITT, —— 
 
 This engraver was working for the “Port Folio” and 
 other Philadelphia magazines about 1820. He was an 
 engraver of landscape in line. 
 
 J. HEwIrT is noted as an engraver of music, published 
 in New York, but without indication of date. 
 
 HILL, JAMES 
 
 In 1808 James Hill engraved some crude Bible illus- 
 trations published in Charlestown, Mass. He also en- 
 graved a large plate of the “Resurrection of a Pious 
 Family,” after the painting by the English clergyman, 
 Rev. William Peters. This was published in Boston, 
 without date; but the copy of this print sold in the Clark 
 sale, Boston, 1901, shows a watermark of “1792” in the 
 paper; though this paper may be older than the impres- 
 sion. It is executed in stipple, and a large plate of the 
 same subject was engraved by Thomas Clarke and pub- 
 lished in New York in 1797. 
 
 HILL, JOHN 
 
 Born in London in 1770; died at West Nyack, N. Y., 
 in 1850. John Hill engraved in aquatint a considerable 
 number of plates published in London, the best of these 
 being a series of views after the paintings of J. M. W. 
 
 126 ? 
 
BENJAMIN FRA 
 
 CHARLES WILLSO} 
 
 ene 
 7 
 
ee ae’ es 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 Turner, Loutherberg, and others. Hill came to New 
 York in the summer of 1816, but soon removed to Phila- 
 delphia, and remained there until 1824. He livedin New 
 York from 1824 until 1839. The first plates executed in 
 the United States by Hill were his small magazine plates 
 of Haddrill’s Point and York Springs, Pa. He later is- 
 sued his American drawing-books, with colored plates; 
 but his best work is found in “The Landscape Album,” 
 . a series of large aquatint plates of American scenery, 
 after the paintings by Joshua Shaw, and published by 
 Hill and Shaw in Philadelphia in 1820. His “Hudson 
 River Port Folio” is an equally good series of still larger 
 plates; these views on the Hudson were aquatinted by 
 Hill after paintings by W. G. Wall. One of his late 
 plates was a large view of Broadway, New York, pub- 
 lished in 1836. He seems to have retired from active work 
 soon after this date. 
 
 HILL, JOHN HENRY 
 
 John Henry Hill was a son of J. W. Hill and was 
 born in 1889 and is still living. He is an etcher of land- 
 scape. 
 
 HILL, JOHN WILLIAM 
 John William Hill was a son of John Hill, born in: 
 England in 1812 and died in this country in 1879. He 
 did some aquatint work; the best being a view of Blan- 
 ford Church, Petersburg, Va., published in 1848. J. W. 
 Hill later turned his attention to landscape painting in 
 water-colors, and achieved considerable reputation. He 
 also drew upon stone for the lithographers. | 
 
 127 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 HILL, SAMUEL 
 
 As early as 1789 Samuel Hill was engraving in Bos- 
 ton, and he made many portraits and early American 
 views for the “Massachusetts Magazine,’ published in 
 that city. In 1803 Hill engraved some Bible plates for 
 the New York publisher, William Durell. In Russell’s 
 Gazette, Boston, Feb. 14, 1794, Samuel Hill advertises 
 as engraver and copperplate printer, with a shop at No. 
 
 2 Cornhill. 
 
 HILLER, J., JR. 
 
 A close copy of the Joseph Wright etching of Wash- 
 ington (Hart 140) is signed J. Hiller Jwr Sculp. 1794. 
 This Hiller portrait has only appeared on the back of 
 playing cards and the few copies known all come fxain 
 New England. 
 
 It is possible that this J. Hiller, Jr.;was Joseph Hiller, 
 Jr., son of Major Joseph Hiller, an officer in the Revo- 
 lution and the collector of customs at Salem, Mass., in 
 1789-1802. The younger Hiller was born in Salem, 
 June 21, 1777; and the “Cleveland Genealogy” says that 
 he was lost overboard from a ship off the Cape of Good 
 Hope Aug. 22,1795. If these dates are correct he would 
 only have been about seventeen years of age at the time 
 the portrait was produced. | 
 
 The etching is well done for one so young. The 
 “Essex Institute Collections,” in speaking of Major 
 Hiller, says that he was “a man of great mechanical in- 
 genuity’”’; and the son may have added artistic ability to 
 this inherited talent, or he may have been assisted 1 in the 
 etching by his father. 
 
 128 
 
| BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 HILLS, J. H. | 
 This line-engraver was working at his profession in 
 Burlington, Vt., about 1845-50. Though his plates pos- 
 sess considerable merit, his lack of business ability inter- 
 fered with his success, and he abandoned engraving. 
 
 HINGSTON, —— 
 
 Hingston was a line-engraver of bill-heads and work 
 of that description, apparently working in Georgetown, 
 near Washington, D. C., as he signs his plates Hingston 
 ft.,G. Town. One of his plates is a bill-head for the City 
 Hotel of Alexandria, Va. The work appears to belong 
 to the first quarter of the last century. 
 
 HINMAN, D. C. 
 
 This capital engraver of portraits in stipple was work- 
 ing about 1830-35; both over his own name and as a 
 member of the firm of Daggett, Hinman & Co., of New 
 Haven, Conn. 
 
 HINSCHELWOOD, ROBERT 
 
 Born in Edinburgh in 1812; was living after 1860. 
 Hinschelwood was a pupil of James and John John- 
 stone, engravers of Edinburgh, and he studied drawing 
 under Sir William Allen. He came to the United States 
 about 1835, and was employed as a landscape engraver 
 by the Harpers and other New York publishers. He also 
 worked for the Ladies Repository, of Cincinnati, about 
 1855, and was later a long time in the employ of the Con- 
 tinental Bank Note Co., of New York. 
 
 Hinschelwood married a sister of James Smillie, and 
 
 129 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 many of his landscape plates are engraved after Smillie’s 
 drawings. 
 
 HOBART, ELIJAH 
 
 Born in England; was killed in battle during the Civil 
 War of 1861-65. As early as 1845 Hobart was engrav- 
 ing in Albany and in New York. He was a good line- 
 engraver of portraits, and was at one time apparently in 
 the employ of Joseph Andrews, as we find plates en- 
 graved by Hobart under the “direction of that engraver. 
 The most ambitious work of this engraver found by the 
 writer is a folio line-plate of “The Landing of the Pil- 
 grims,” dedicated to the Pilgrims Society at Plymouth 
 and published by Hobart in 1850, apparently in Boston, 
 Mass. 
 
 HOLLYER, SAMUEL 
 
 Born in London in 1826; living in 1906 at Hudson 
 Heights, near Guttenberg, N. J. Mr. Hollyer was a 
 pupil of the Findens in London. He came to the United 
 States in 1851; but he twice returned to England for 
 periods of two and six years, and finally settled in this 
 country in 1866. Besides engraving, Mr. Hollyer was 
 engaged here at different times in lithography, photog- 
 raphy, and the publishing business. 
 
 He is an excellent engraver in both line and in stipple, 
 and has produced a large number of portraits, land- 
 scapes, and historical subjects. Among his larger and 
 best plates are “The Flaw in the Title’; “Charles Dick- 
 ens in his Study,” and “The Gleaner.” Heis still actively 
 engaged in engraving. 
 
 130 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 HOOGLAND, WILLIAM 
 
 Hoogland was an admirable engraver in both line and 
 stipple. He appears in New York about 1815 as the de- 
 signer and engraver of vignettes. In 1826 he was work- 
 ing with Abel Bowen, in Boston, and among his pupils 
 there were John Cheney and Joseph Andrews. In 1841 
 he was again located in business in New York. Hoog- 
 land was one of the early American bank-note en- 
 gravers. 
 
 HOOKER, WILLIAM 
 
 As early as 1805 Hooker was engraving in Philadel- 
 phia, and in 1810 he was one of the organizers of the Phil- 
 adelphia Society of Artists. In 1816 he removed to New 
 York and his name appears in the directories of that city 
 until 1840. His occupation is generally given as “en- 
 graver’; but he also appears as “map-publisher” and as 
 “instrument maker and chart-seller to the U. S. Navy.” 
 The “New Pocket Plan of New York,” of 1817, is 
 “Drawn, engraved, published and sold” by Hooker. — 
 
 Hooker engraved a few portraits in stipple and sub- 
 _ject plates in line; but he seems to have been chiefly em- 
 ployed in map engraving. 
 
 HOPKINS, DANIEL 
 This man engraved the music and words for “The 
 Rudiments of Music, etc.,” by Andrew Law, A.M., 
 author of “Select Harmony,” ete. The book is dated in 
 1788, and it was published in Cheshire, Conn. | 
 181 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 HOPPIN, THOMAS FREDERICK 
 
 Born in Providence, R. I., Aug. 15, 1816; Hoppin 
 studied art in Philadelphia, and with Delaroche in Paris. 
 In 1837 he opened a studio in New York as a designer 
 for the publishers of that city. Two etchings published 
 by the American Art Union in 1848 and 1850 seem to be 
 the only work of this artist upon copper. These are en- 
 titled “The Escape of Captain Wharton” and “The 
 Rescue of Captain John Smith.” Both are designed by 
 Hoppin, and in the etching he attempted the decided out- 
 lines of some of the early masters, at the expense, how- 
 ever, of delicacy and finish. 
 
 \ 
 
 HORNER, T. 
 About 1844 Horner was living at Sing Sing, N. Y., 
 
 and he there engraved a large “View of New York from 
 Brooklyn,” published by W. Neale, of New York. 
 
 HORTON, | 
 
 Horton was engraving portraits in stipple and views 
 in line in 1830-835 for Philadelphia and Baltimore pub- 
 lishers. | 
 
 HOULTON, J. 
 
 A poorly designed and roughly engraved heading to a 
 certificate of the Charitable Marine Society, of Balti- 
 more, is signed J. Houlton Sculpt. As the certificate is 
 filled out in 1797, it must have been engraved prior to 
 that date. The design shows Columbia handing a book 
 to a sailor, with a harbor, ship in full sail, lighthouse, etc., 
 
 132 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 in the background. The plate is further nese I. Kemel- 
 meyer Delin’t. 
 
 HOUSH, 'TIMOTHY 
 
 House was a bank-note engraver, of Newtonville, 
 Mass., chiefly employed in Boston. He engraved a few 
 portraits for book publishers, and he seemed to be work- 
 ing as early as 1836. He died about 1865. 
 
 HOUSTON, H. H. 
 
 Houston was one of the earliest really good stipple-en- 
 gravers of portraits who worked in the United States. 
 He probably came here from Ireland, as the “Hibernian 
 Magazine,” of Dublin, contains portraits very similar in 
 execution to his known work and signed H. Houston. 
 
 Houston appears in Philadelphia in 1796; and as his 
 latest dated work was done in 1798, his stay here was a 
 comparatively short one. He engraved two separate 
 plates of John Adams, and portraits of Washington, 
 Rittenhouse, Kemble as Richard III, Kosciusko, ete. 
 
 The first state of the John Adams plate published in 
 Philadelphia in 1797 is lettered H. H. Houston, Sculp’. 
 Another plate is signed H. I. Houston, but H. Houston ~ 
 is his more usual signature. 
 
 HOWE, Z. 
 
 This name, as Z. Howe Sc’t, is signed to a poorly en- 
 graved figure of a man used as a denied eas to “A New 
 Collection of Sacred Harmony, etc.,” by Oliver Brown- 
 son, Simsbury, Conn., 1797. ‘The music in this collection 
 is also doubtless engraved by Howe. 
 
 133 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 HUMPHREYS, F. 
 
 FI’. Humphreys was a capital engraver of portraits and 
 subject plates in both mezzotint and in line. He was 
 employed in 1850—58 by the Methodist Book Concern, of 
 Cincinnati, Ohio. 
 
 HUMPHRYS, WILLIAM 
 
 Mr. Baker, in his “American Engravers,” says that 
 William Humphrys was born in Dublin in 1794, and died 
 in Genoa, Italy, June 21, 1865. He adds that he learned 
 to engrave with George Murray in Philadelphia; went 
 to England in 1823; returned to this country in 1843, 
 and in 1845 again went abroad to remain there for the 
 rest of his life. Mr. Baker credits him with numerous 
 small Annual plates, but says that he was principally en- 
 gaged in bank-note engraving. 
 
 From the evidence of plates so signed, this brief sketch 
 seems to be generally correct, though he probably did not 
 leave Philadelphia quite as early as Mr. Baker believes. 
 In the encyclopedia published by S. F. Bradford, Phila- 
 delphia, 1805-18, we find plates of a simple character 
 signed “Humphrys Sculp’t.” As George Murray also 
 engraved for this edition, the plates mentioned may be 
 the work of his apprentice. In 1823 W. Humphrys was 
 engraving portraits in Philadelphia in conjunction with 
 J. Nesmith; and about 1825 we have a beautifully en- 
 graved business-card of “W. Humphrys, Engraver of 
 History, Landscape, etc. Philadelphia.” 
 
 In 1826 plates were engraved by W. Humphrys in 
 London, and published in that city, after designs by C. 
 R. Leslie. Mr. Alfred Jones says that he met William 
 
 134 
 
CTE AIO CO Bee IEC L OT ae EE 
 
 Shela sgh oes nee ce 
 . Sainted &Sngvaved be FE Savaae 
 
 GENERAL GEORGE WASHING TON. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 -_ Humphrys in London about 1846, and he was there 
 known as the “American Engraver.” At that date Hum- 
 phrys was a man about fifty years of age, which would 
 closely agree with the date of birth given by Mr. Baker. 
 The name of Humphrys is signed to a considerable 
 number of admirable line vignettes and small magazine 
 plates. The portrait of General Israel Putnam, appear- 
 ing in the “National Portrait Gallery” of 1834, is a most 
 excellent piece of stipple work, and is signed as engraved 
 by “W. Humphreys.” This may be another man, as the 
 “American engraver’ W. Humphrys worked in line. 
 
 HUNT, SAMUEL VALENTINE 
 
 Born in Norwich, England, Feb. 14, 1803; died at 
 Bay Ridge, N. Y., in 1898. Mr. Baker says that Hunt 
 was originally a taxidermist and was a self-taught artist 
 and engraver. He came to the United States in 1834, 
 and was then an excellent line-engraver of landscape. 
 He worked for New York and Cincinnati publishing 
 houses. 
 
 HUNTINGTON, E. 
 
 In 1828 E. Huntington engraved in line the maps, 
 diagrams, and a series of small American views appear- 
 ing in a school atlas published in New York, though each 
 plate is copyrighted in Connecticut in 1828-30. He was 
 in business in Hartford, Conn. 
 
 HURD, E. 
 
 FE. Hurd was a line-engraver of buildings, etc., work- 
 ing about 1840. His work possesses very little merit and 
 the compiler has been unable to locate him. 
 
 135 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 HURD, NATHANIEL 3 
 Born in Boston, Mass., Feb. 18, 1730; died there, Dec. 
 17, 1777. Nathaniel Hurd was the son of Jacob Hurd 
 and Elizabeth, the only daughter of John Mason, of 
 Kingston, Jamaica. He was a lineal descendant of John 
 Hurd, who settled in Charlestown in 1639. In the “Bos- 
 ton Gazette,” of April 28, 1760, Hurd advertises his 
 business as follows: “Nathaniel Hurd Informs his Cus- 
 tomers he has remov’d his shop from MacCarty’s corner, 
 on the Exchange, to the Back Part of the opposite Brick 
 Building where Mr. Ezekiel Price Kept his Office. 
 Where he continues to do all sorts of Goldsmith’s Work. 
 Likewise engraves in Gold, Silver, Copper, Brass and 
 Steel, in the neatest Manner, and at reasonable Rates.”’ 
 But Hurd was engraving upon copper at an earlier date 
 than this, as a book-plate of 'Thomas Dering is noted as 
 engraved by Hurd in 1749. In 1762 he engraved a rare 
 caricature portrait of Dr. Seth Hudson, a notorious char- 
 acter; and in 1764, a portrait of the Rev. Joseph Sewall. 
 With these exceptions, and a Masonic notice engraved 
 about 1764, numerous book-plates constitute the known 
 
 engravings of Nathaniel Hurd. 
 
 The only early published record of Hurd is found in 
 the “New England Magazine,” Vol. III, Boston, 1882. 
 This article is illustrated by a lithographic portrait of 
 Hurd, said to have been made from a mezzotint engraved 
 by “a man by the name of Jennings,” after a painting by 
 J.S. Copley, then (1882) in the possession of a descend- 
 ant living in Medford, Mass. For further particulars of 
 this “Jennings” see the sketch of Richard Jennys, Jr. 
 
 As showing the varied character of the work performed 
 
 136 | 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 by this early American engraver, we have the following 
 bill, preserved in the Thomas Addis Emmet manuscripts, 
 in the Lenox Library: 
 | “Boston, June 16, 1773 
 “Thos. Fayerweather Esq., to Nat. Hurd, Dr. 
 “To taking out Crest from Salts & putting in 
 
 New £1. 4.— 
 
 To Mend’g Sauce pan & can 12.— 
 
 _To Large Crest on Sauce pan 12.— 
 To taking out Arms from Coffee pott and 
 
 yr arms in 2. 5.— 
 
 QO. tenor £4.13.— 
 ‘Received the above in full. 
 “Nath. Hurd.” 
 
 HUTT, JOHN 
 
 In Rivington’s “New York Gazette,’ for June 9, 
 1774, we find the following: “John Hutt, Engraver in 
 general, from London, at Mr. Hewitt’s directly opposite 
 the Merchants Coffee House, in Dock Street, New York, 
 Engraves— Coats of Arms, Crests, Seals and Cyphers, 
 Bills of Exchange, Bills of Lading, Shop Bills, Bills of 
 Parcels, Card Plates, Hat do., Watch do. etc., Archi- 
 tecture, Frontispieces, Door-plates, Compliment Cards, 
 Plate, Dog-Collars, etc., Stamps, ete. Gentlemen dis- 
 
 posed to employ him may depend on the utmost neatness 
 _and dispatch.” 
 
 In the “New York Mercury,” Sept. 8, 1774, Hutt ad- 
 vertises that he had set up a press for copperplate print- 
 ing “by means of which he will be enabled to execute 
 
 137 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 every piece of engraving he is favored with, in a more 
 expeditious and reasonable manner.” 
 
 The only examples of Hutt’s work known to the com- 
 piler are some book-plates and a few diagrams engraved 
 in connection with John Norman and published in Phila- 
 delphia in 1775. 
 
 HUTTON, ISAAC ann GEORGE 
 
 This firm of jewelers and silversmiths, of Albany, 
 N. Y., about 1796, made dies for seals; one for the Union 
 University, at Schenectady, N. Y. But as this firm em- 
 ployed engravers—among these Gideon F'airman, about 
 1795—the actual work was probably done by some one 
 in their employ. 
 
 HUTTON, J. 
 
 A. fairly well-engraved line plate of a battle scene is 
 signed J. Hutton, Sc’t Alb’y. The print was apparently 
 made about 1825—30, but no other work by Hutton is 
 known. 
 
 ILLMAN, THOMAS 
 
 Illman was born in England, and was engraving in 
 London in 1824. About six years later he came to New 
 York, and at once formed the engraving firm of [Iman 
 & Pilbrow; and the office of this firm was on Hudson St., 
 near St. Luke’s Church, until 1836. Thomas Iman en- 
 graved a considerable number of portraits and views over 
 his own name, and as many more were issued under the 
 firm name of Ijman & Pilbrow. He worked in stipple 
 and in mezzotint and was a good engraver. 
 
 138 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 ILLMAN Sons, about 1845, engraved portraits for both 
 New York and Philadelphia publishers. 
 
 IttmMAn Bros. established an engraving business in 
 Philadelphia which is still in existence. 
 
 H. Inuman and G. IxtmMan, who were probably the 
 above “sons,” separately signed portraits and subject 
 plates engraved about 1855-60. 
 
 JACKMAN, W.G. 
 
 Jackman was born in England and came to the United 
 States about 1841. He established himself in business in 
 New York and was largely employed by the Harpers, 
 Putnams, and Appletons, publishers of that city. He 
 was a very good engraver of portraits and subject plates, 
 in both line and stipple; he also did some portrait work in 
 mezzotint for Harper & Bros. 
 
 JACKSON, —— 
 
 A very poorly engraved line plate is so signed as en- 
 graver. The plate represents “Capt. William Mason in 
 the Magazine, Fort Niagara, Sept. 1826.” | 
 
 JARVIS, JOHN WESLEY 
 
 Born in South Shields, England,in 1780; died in New 
 York, Jan. 14, 1839. About 1785 Jarvis was brought to 
 Philadelphia by his father, who was mate of a sailing 
 ship. He was later apprenticed to Edward Savage to 
 learn engraving. David Edwin was then in the employ of 
 Savage, and Jarvis says that Edwin taught him to draw 
 and to engrave. Jarvis went to New York with 
 Savage and Edwin; and the New York directory of 1805 
 
 139 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 contains the name of “J. Jarvis, engraver and drawing 
 school, 28 Frankfort St.”” The only plates known to the 
 compiler as executed by Jarvis are a mezzotint portrait 
 of David Rittenhouse and a portrait of the Rev. John 
 W. Livingston. 
 
 Jarvis did not introduce the W. into his name until 
 1816, when the name appears in New York as “J. W. 
 Jarvis, portrait painter.” He is said to have been a 
 nephew of the eminent divine John Wesley. The further 
 career of Jarvis as a reputable and popular painter of 
 portraits is well known. 
 
 While Jarvis was in New York he published the prints 
 of other engravers: notably that of Robert R. Living- 
 ston, published in 1804 and engraved by George Graham. 
 
 JENCKES, JOSEPH | 
 
 Born in Colbrooke, England, in 1602; died in what is 
 now Saugus, Mass., March 16, 1683. In 1642 Jenckes 
 was induced to come from Hammersmith to establish the 
 first “foundry and forge” in the American Colonies. In 
 1652 a mint was established in Boston for the coining of 
 silver, and Jenckes, at the Lynn iron-works, made the 
 dies for the “Pine tree Shilling,” the first coin used in 
 this country. Jenckes built in 1654 the first fire-engine 
 made in this country; invented the grass-scythe still in 
 common use; made machinery for ‘wire-drawing, and 
 made many other improvements in tools and machinery. 
 
 JENNYS, RICHARD, JR. 
 A well-executed mezzotint portrait of Rev. Jonathan 
 Mayhew is signed by Richard Jennys, Jr., as engraver. 
 140 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 It was published in Boston about 1774 and was “Printed 
 & Sold by Nat. Hurd, Engraver, on ye Exchange.” 
 
 This Richard Jennys is doubtless the “Jennings”’ re- 
 ferred to in the “New England Magazine,” of July, 
 1832, as the engraver of a mezzotint portrait of Nathaniel 
 Hurd, after a painting by Copley, which served as the 
 original for a lithographic portrait of Hurd contained in 
 that magazine. The plate of Dr. Mayhew shows a direct 
 business connection between Jennys and Hurd; and it is 
 _ thus probable that he engraved the portrait of Hurd re- 
 ferred to. No such portrait, saa has ever been found 
 by the compiler. 
 
 Dunlap, in copying the error of the “New England 
 Magazine,” says that this engraver returned to England 
 at the outbreak of the Revolution. 
 
 JEWETT, CHARLES A. 
 
 Born in Lancaster, Mass., in 1816; died in New York 
 in 1878. This good line-engraver of subject plates was 
 engraving in New York in 1838. He later removed to 
 Cincinnati, O., and about 1853 he was conducting an ex- 
 tensive engraving business in that city. In 1860 he was 
 again located in New York. 
 
 JOCELYN, NATHANIEL 
 Born in New Haven, Conn., Jan. 31, 1796; died there 
 Jan. 13, 1881. Nathaniel Jocelyn was the son of a watch- 
 maker and he thoroughly mastered that business. At the 
 age of eighteen years he was apprenticed to an engraver, 
 and when he was twenty-one he entered into partnership 
 with Tisdale, Danforth and Willard in the Hartford - 
 141 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 Graphic and Bank Note Engraving Company; he later, 
 with Mr. Danforth, virtually founded the National 
 Bank Note Engraving Company. Jocelyn’s chief work 
 in this firm was letter engraving; though as early as 1816 
 he engraved in line a plate for “The Naval Monument,” 
 published by Abel Bowen. 
 
 Dissatisfied with engraving, Jocelyn gave it up in 1820 
 and became a painter of portraits, and exhibited at the 
 National Academy in 1826. He went abroad with S. F. 
 B. Morse in 1829-30, and became a meritorious portrait- 
 painter. He was made an Academician of the National 
 Academy on May 138, 1846. 
 
 JOCEKLYN, SIMEON S. 
 
 Born in New Haven, Conn., Nov. 21, 1799; died in 
 Tarrytown, N. Y., Aug. 17,1879. S.S. Jocelyn was en- 
 graving line portraits in New Haven, after drawings by 
 N. Jocelyn, as early as 1824; and in 1827 the engraving 
 firm of N. & S. S. Jocelyn was in business in that city. 
 S. S. Jocelyn and S. B. Munson were also associated as 
 engravers. Later, Simeon S. Jocelyn, who had been in-. 
 terested in the cause of the negro as early as 1831, aban- 
 doned engraving and became prominent in the antisla- 
 very movement. 
 
 JOHNSON, DAVID G. 
 
 Was a painter and a line-engraver of portraits and 
 views of little merit, who was working in New York in 
 1831-35, and again in 1845. 
 
 142 
 
CORNELIUS TIEBOUT 
 | 1770-1830(?) 
 
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 OMAS JEFFERSON’, 
 
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 Five fy ad 
 
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 Pe ep dee ee ANTES 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 JOHNSON, W. T. 
 
 Engraved subject plates for “Sartain’s Magazine” 
 about 1850. : 
 
 JOHNSTON, DAVID CLAYPOOLE 
 
 Born in Philadelphia, March, 1797; died at Dorches- 
 ter, Mass., Nov. 8, 1865. In 1815 Johnston was a pupil 
 of the Philadelphia engraver Francis Kearny; and in 
 1819 he was in business for himself etching caricatures of 
 Philadelphia celebrities. The complaints of some of his 
 victims finally became so loud that the publishers and 
 print-sellers declined to handle his plates. 
 
 Johnston then abandoned engraving for thestage, mak- 
 ing his debut as an actor, in 1821, as Henry in “Speed 
 the Plough,” at the Walnut St. Theater in Philadel- 
 phia. In 1825 an engagement at the Boston Theater took 
 him to that city; and at the end of the season he again 
 took up engraving and located himself permanently in 
 Boston. ; 
 
 Johnston engraved a few good portraits in stipple and 
 some line illustrations for the Boston publishers, and he 
 also drew upon stone for lithographers. But he is best 
 known by his annual publication of “Scraps,” first issued 
 in 1880. This Annual was usually made up of four to six 
 sheets, each containing from nine to twelve small etched 
 caricatures of local, social, or political significance, both 
 designed and etched by Johnston. The character and 
 general excellence of these etchings gained for John- 
 ston the name of the “American Cruikshank.” 
 
 His son, Thomas Murphy Johnston, is said to have in- 
 herited his father’s ability. | 
 
 143 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 JOHNSTON, THOMAS 
 
 Born in Boston, Mass., in 1708; died there May 8, 
 1767, and was buried in King’s Chapel burying-ground. 
 The “Boston Evening Post,” May 11, 1767, says: “Last 
 Friday Morning, died here Mr. Thomas Johnston, Jap- 
 anner, Painter and Engraver, after a short illness, being 
 seized with an Apoplectic Fit a few days before.” 
 
 Johnston was a fairly good engraver of maps, build- 
 ings, book-plates, sheet music, etc., and he was also a her- 
 aldic painter. His plan of Boston, signed as Engraven 
 by Thos. Johnson, Boston, N.E., is dedicated to His Ex- 
 cellency William Burnet by the publisher, William Bur- 
 gis. As Burnet was governor of the Colony of Massa- 
 chusetts Bay in 1727—29, it would appear that this plate 
 must bear about the same date, and it would thus be the 
 earliest known production of Johnston. His other known 
 plates bear much later dates, or 1755—63. Judging from 
 the ornamental title and the arms of Governor Burnet 
 on the plan referred to, Johnston did his best work as a 
 heraldic engraver; and Charles Dexter Allen, in his 
 “American Book-plates,” mentions several plates execu- 
 ted by this engraver. 
 
 Mr. Wm. H. Whitmore says that on Jan. 19, 1736— 
 37, Thomas Johnston was married to Jean Hogg; and 
 that he was again married, on Aug. 6, 1747,to Bathsheba 
 Thwing, at the Second Church in Boston, by the Rev. 
 Joshua Gee. He left sons, James, John, and Samuel. 
 
 His name was generally spelled “Johnston”; and the 
 signature to the Boston map is either an engraver’s error, 
 or is due to the carelessness of the period in spelling 
 family names. | 
 
 144 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 JONES, ALFRED . 
 
 Born in Liverpool, England, April 7, 1819; acciden- 
 tally killed in New York, April 18, 1900. Mr. Jones 
 came to the United States as a very young man and in 
 1834 he was apprenticed to the engraving firm of Raw- 
 don, Wright, Hatch & Edson, of Albany, N. Y. He 
 later studied at the National Academy of Design, in 
 New York, and in 1839 he was awarded the first prize 
 in drawing. Mr. Jones was made an Academician of the 
 National Academy on May 14, 1851. 
 
 About 1841 Alfred Jones began engraving over his 
 own name, and in 1843 he engraved in line his first large 
 plate, “The Farmers’ Nooning,” after the painting by 
 W.S. Mount; this plate was executed for the American 
 Art Union. In 1846-47 he visited England to perfect 
 himself in his art, and he there worked under some of the 
 best London masters and made the acquaintance of a 
 - number of the prominent English engravers of that pe- 
 riod. Upon his return to New York he engaged in busi- 
 ness for himself and also worked for other engravers. 
 Being himself an admirable line-engraver, about 1850 
 Mr. Jones became interested in bank-note engraving, 
 and to this branch of his profession he devoted the re- 
 mainder of his life. In 1866 he was the president of 
 the United States Bank Note Co., of New York; and 
 in 1868-70 he was vice-president of the British Ameri- 
 ean Bank Note Co., of Montreal and Toronto, Mr. 
 William C. Smillie being the president. Later in life 
 he worked independently, chiefly for the American Bank 
 Note Co. 
 
 Mr. Jones was practically the first man to invent a 
 
 145 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 process for successfully producing a plate directly from 
 a photograph that could be printed with type—the popu- 
 lar “half-tone process” of the present day. He made his 
 negative upon crown glass and produced the “screen” by 
 ruling this negative in a ruling-machine; from this ruled 
 negative an electrotype was made. The process was suc- 
 cessful and plates thus made were used by the Harpers in 
 their publications; but the invention of the photographic 
 screen by Ives, while obtaining the same result, so de- 
 creased the cost of production that it superseded the 
 method invented by Mr. Jones. 
 
 As a line-engraver Mr. Jones had few, if any, supe- 
 riors in this country; and his large plate of “The 
 Image Breaker,” published by the American Art Union 
 in 1850, is deservedly recognized as one of the best en- 
 gravings ever produced in the United States. Among 
 other fine examples of his work published by the Art 
 Union, are “Mexican News” (1851), “The New 
 Scholar” (1850), and “The Capture of Major André.” 
 Mr. Jones continued to engrave with undiminished 
 skill up to the time of his death; his late portraits of 
 Washington, A. B. Durand, and Thomas Carlyle 
 being admirable examples of a combination of line work 
 with etching. 
 
 JONES, A. L. 
 
 Plates so signed are really engraved by W. S. Law- 
 rence, an apprentice to Alfred Jones, and were finished 
 by Mr. Jones. A further notice of Lawrence will be 
 found in its proper place. 
 
 146 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 JONES, BENJAMIN 
 
 Benjamin Jones was located in Philadelphia in 1798- 
 1815, inclusive. He engraved in line subject plates pos- 
 sessing little merit, and Dunlap says that he was living in 
 1833. _ : 
 
 “Poulson’s Advertiser,” Philadelphia, June 28, 1804, 
 announces his marriage as follows: “On Monday, the 
 28th ult. by the Rev. Joseph Turner, Mr. Benjamin 
 Jones, engraver, to Miss Alice Howard Hill, both of 
 this city.” 
 
 JONES, FITZEDWARD 
 
 This good engraver of subject plates and portraits in 
 mezzotint and in stipple was originally a printer in Car- 
 lisle, Pa. It is not known where or when he learned to 
 engrave; but in 1854 he was in business in Cincinnati, 
 O., as a “Practical portrait, historical and landscape 
 engraver and plain and color printer,” according to 
 his business-card. He also worked for many years for 
 the Western Methodist Book Concern, of Cincinnati. . 
 
 JONES, R. S. 
 
 Jones was a line-engraver working in Boston in 1873. 
 
 JONES, WILLIAM R. 
 
 This capital engraver of portraits in the stipple man- 
 ner was born in the United States and first appears in 
 Philadelphia in 1810, when he was an Associate of the 
 Society of Artists of the United States, organized in 
 Philadelphia in that year. As an engraver his name ap- 
 
 | 147 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 pears in the directories of Philadelphia in 1811—24, in- 
 clusive. 
 
 JORDAN, HENRY 
 
 Born in England; came to the United States about 
 1886, and was for a time in the employ of Alfred Jones, 
 in New York City. Jordan was a good line-engraver of 
 landscape, and was later a member of the engraving firm 
 of Jordan & Halpin. He returned to England for atime, 
 but ultimately settled permanently in the United States. 
 
 JUSTICK, JOSEPH 
 
 In 1804 Justice was working in New York in connec- 
 tion with Scoles; and the directories of Philadelphia lo- 
 cate him in that city as an engraver from 1810 until 1833. 
 His plates show an ineffective combination of etching 
 and stipple work, poorly done. 
 
 KEARNY, FRANCIS 
 
 Born in Perth Amboy, N. J., about 1780; living in 
 1833. Kearny is said to have been a nephew of Com- 
 modore James Lawrence; and Westcott, in his “History 
 of Philadelphia,” says that he learned drawing with 
 Archibald and Alexander Robertson, and engraving 
 with Peter R. Maverick,in New York City. Kearny was 
 in business in New York in 1798-1801 as an engraver. 
 In 1810 he appeared in Philadelphia and he remained 
 there continuously until 1833. 
 
 Kearny founded his fame as an engraver upon a faith- 
 ful copy of “The Last Supper,” after Raphael Morghen, 
 and he engraved some other capital line work of a large 
 
 148 | 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 size. He did considerable work in line, stipple, and aqua- 
 tint for the magazines, Annuals, and book publishers; 
 and in 1823 he was interested in bank-note work as a 
 member of the firm of ‘Tanner, Vallance, Kearny & Co., of 
 Philadelphia. About 1820 he was engraving upon his 
 own account in that city, with an office at No. 62 South 
 Fourth Street. 
 
 KEENAN, WILLIAM 
 
 This etcher of portraits and line-engraver of vignettes 
 and subject plates was working for the magazine and 
 book publishers of Philadelphia in 1830—33. He then ap- 
 parently located himself in business in Charleston, S. C., 
 as we find an aquatint view of Charleston, engraved by 
 Keenan and published by him at “132 King St., Charles- 
 ton, S. C.,” and other plates executed for book publishers 
 in that city in 1835. Some of these latter plates are in- 
 
 scribed as Drawn, Engraved and Printed by W.. Keenan. 
 
 KELLOGG, J. G. | 
 Kellogg was a capital engraver of portraits in line, 
 working in New Haven, Conn., about 1850. 
 
 KELLY, J. 
 
 This engraver, in 1851, had an office at 141 Fulton St., 
 New York City. He engraved portraits in a mixed 
 manner. 
 
 KELLY, THOMAS 
 
 Born in Ireland about 1795; died in the almshouse in 
 New York City about 1841. The professional career of 
 149 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 this very good engraver in line and in stipple is difficult 
 to trace. He was working for Boston publishers in 1823, 
 was in Philadelphia in 1831-33, and in New York in 
 1834-35. Kelly was associated for a short time with 
 Joseph Andrews, in Boston. Besides his portraits he en- 
 graved a considerable number of good plates for the An- 
 nuals and magazines. Later in life he contracted bad 
 habits and died as stated above. | 
 
 KENNEDY, JAMES 
 
 In 1797 this engraver in line and in stipple was work- 
 ing for the New York publisher John Low. He remained 
 in that city until 1812, and then went to Philadelphia; 
 as he was later employed by the publishers S. F’. Brad- 
 ford and 'T’. W. Freeman, both of that city. 
 
 KENSETT, JOHN FREDERICK 
 
 Born in Cheshire, Conn., March 22, 1818; died in New 
 York City, Dec. 16, 1872. Kensett was the son of 
 Thomas Kensett, a print publisher and engraver of 
 Cheshire, and he was early apprenticed to his uncle, 
 Alfred Daggett, a reputable engraver of New Haven, 
 Conn., and engraved over his own name a few book illus- 
 trations and vignettes in this country. In 1840 he went 
 to England to study art, and during his five years’ stay 
 in that country he partially supported himself by en- 
 graving. Kensett continued his studies in Rome and re- 
 turned to the United States in 1848. He opened a studio 
 in New York and established a reputation as a painter of 
 landscape. | 
 
 150 
 
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 H. H. HOUSTON 
 
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BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 KENSETT, THOMAS 
 
 In 1812 Thomas Kensett was a member of the engrav- 
 ing and print publishing firm of Shelton & Kensett, lo- 
 cated at Cheshire, Conn. As evidence that he was an en- 
 graver himself we have a well-executed map of Upper and 
 Lower Canada, published Nov. 2, 1812, and signed Ken- 
 sett Sculp. Cheshire, Conn’t. Another large plate en- 
 titled “Brother Jonathan’s Soliloquy on the Times” is 
 signed Kensett, Paint et Sculp. 
 
 Mr. H. W. French, in his “Art and Artists in Con- 
 necticut,’ says that Thomas Kensett came from England 
 to Cheshire in 1812, and had previously been an engraver 
 at Hampton Court, in England. And Mr. James Terry 
 says that he was born in England in 1786 and died in 
 1829. 
 
 KERNAN, F. G. 
 This man was an engraver of portraits, in a mixed 
 style, located in New York in 1870. 
 
 KERSHAW, J. M. 
 This engraver of buildings, etc., was working in St. 
 Louis, a 1850. 
 
 KEY, F. C. | 
 
 The firm of F. C. Key & Sons, of No. 128 Arch St., 
 Philadelphia, was engaged in die-sinking and embossing 
 about 1850. A fairly well-executed head of Millard Fill- 
 more was published by this firm. It is embossed on white 
 paper, surrounded by an oval in gold, with the name and 
 publisher also printed in gold. ) 
 
 : 151 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 KEY, WILLLIAM H. | | 
 
 Born in Brooklyn, N. Y.; was living in 1892. From 
 1864 until 1892, and possibly later, Key was an assistant 
 engraver for the U. S. Mint at Philadelphia. Key en- 
 graved the dies for the Kane Expedition medal and a 
 medal for Archbishop Wood. 
 
 KIDDER, J. 
 
 The “Polyanthos,” Boston, June, 1813, refers edito- 
 rially to an aquatint “View on Boston Common” con- 
 tained in that number, and says it is “a specimen of the 
 talents of Master J. Kidder, a youth of Boston, and also 
 his first essay in aquatinta.” Kidder’s few plates, all in 
 aquatint, represent views in and about Boston. Kidder 
 designed plates engraved by Abel Bowen about 1823. 
 
 KIMBERLY, DENISON | 
 
 Born in Guilford, Conn., in 1814; Kimberly was a fel- 
 low-student with George H. Cushman in the engraving 
 establishment of Asaph Willard; and as a line-engraver 
 of portraits he achieved considerable success. He was 
 working in 1830 for S. Walker, the Boston publisher, 
 and was later connected with the Franklin Print Com- 
 pany, of Boston. In 1858 Kimberly abandoned engrav- 
 ing for painting; he studied in Boston, and in 1862 he 
 opened a studio in Hartford and in Manchester. He was 
 chiefly engaged in portrait work, producing good like- 
 nesses, strong and free in outline yet remarkably soft in 
 feature. The portrait of his friend Seth W. Cheney is 
 one of his best works. 
 
 152 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 KIMMEL, P. K. 
 
 Kimmel was a New York engraver of vignettes and 
 portraits, working about 1850, and was later amember of 
 theengraving firmof Capewell& Kimmel, of thesame city. 
 There was also an engraving firm of Kimmel & Foster. 
 
 KING, G. B. 
 
 This line-engraver produced some portraits and book 
 illustrations, of little merit, for the New York publishers | 
 of 1880-34. 
 
 KING, JAMES S. 
 
 The “Ladies Repository,” published in Cincinnati in 
 1852, contains some good line subject plates signed by 
 James S. King as engraver. 
 
 KINSEY, NATHANIEL, JR. 
 
 In 1854-55 this good landscape engraver was em- 
 ployed by the Western Methodist Book Concern, of Cin- 
 cinnati, O. 
 
 KIRK, JOHN 
 
 Born in England; died in the United States about 
 1862. Kirk came to the United States about 1841 and 
 was largely employed by the publishers G. P. Putnam, 
 and by A. B. Hall and other New York engravers. He 
 
 ~~ did some admirable work in line. 
 
 KNEASS, WILLIAM : 
 Born in Lancaster, Pa., September, 1781; died in 
 Philadelphia, Aug. 27, 1840. It is not known with whom 
 158 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 Kneass learned to engrave, but he worked continuously in 
 Philadelphia as an engraver from 1805 to the time of his 
 death. On Jan. 29, 1824, he was appointed engraver and 
 die-sinker at the U. S. Mint, succeeding Robert Scot. 
 His work is usually in line, though he produced some 
 good aquatint views; and he was a member of the firms | 
 of Kneass & Dellaker and Young, Kneass Co., gen- 
 eral engravers. 
 
 An “engraved” portrait of William Kneass is sai to 
 be preserved in the assayer’s office of the U. S. Mint, in 
 Philadelphia. This portrait is inscribed “To his friend 
 Adam Eckfeldt, Chief Coiner” —the man who was chiefly 
 instrumental in securing his appointment. 
 
 KNIGHT, T. | 
 
 In 1856, and possibly earlier, Knight was a partner of 
 George Girdler Smith, of Boston, along with W. H. 
 Tappan; the firm name being Smith, Knight & Tappan. 
 His name is signed to some very good portraits executed 
 in both line and stipple. 
 
 KOEVOETS, H. & C. 
 This firm was engraving and publishing portraits in 
 New York about 1870. 
 
 KOSH, A. E. 
 
 Born in Germany about 1838; died in this country in 
 1897. Kosh was an engraver of landscape and subject 
 plates for the magazines, and came to the United States 
 in 1868. 
 
 154 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 KUPFER, R. 
 
 Line-engravings of some merit, published in New 
 York magazines about 1865, after drawings by Thos. 
 Nast and other American designers, are so signed. 
 Among other prints engraved by Kupfer is a folio plate 
 of a view of New York, published in 1867. 
 
 LAMB, ANTHONY 
 
 The “New York Mercury,” of Dec. 1, 1760, contains 
 the following advertisement: “Maps, Plans, Coats of 
 Arms, Shop Bills, Monthly Returns, and other Engrav- 
 ing neatly done on Silver, Copper, ete. with Care and 
 Dispatch, and all sorts of Copper Plate Printing done in 
 the best manner and at Reasonable Rates, at Anthony 
 Lamb’s, at Sir Isaac Newton’s Head, in New York.” 
 
 As Henry Dawkins lodged with Anthony Lamb pre- 
 vious to 1755, Lamb may have been an employer of en- 
 gravers, rather than an engraver himself. No pt 
 work signed by Lamb is known. 
 
 LAMB, JOHN 
 
 John Lamb was a New York silversmith; and in the 
 “Mercury”of March 15, 1756, he advertises “Engraving 
 in gold, silver, copper and other materials, by John 
 Lamb.” 
 
 LANG, GEORGE S. 
 
 Born in Chester Co., Pa., in 1799; living in Delaware 
 Co., Pa., in 1883. Mr. Baker says that Lang was a pupil 
 ' of George Murray, the Philadelphia engraver, in 1815, 
 and that he abandoned engraving early in life. The Phila- 
 
 155 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 delphia directories, however, contain his name as “en- 
 graver” until 1833; and as his signed work is scarce, he 
 was probably employed in bank-note work. He was a 
 good line-engraver. 
 
 LAVIGNE, —— | 
 
 The few plates known signed by Lavigne are well exe- 
 cuted in stipple and appear in the “Polyanthos,” pub- 
 lished in Boston in 1814. 
 
 LAWRENCH, W.S. 
 
 This landscape engraver was an apprentice with Al- 
 fred Jones in 1840; and in 1846 he was engraving over 
 his own name for New York publishers. Mr. Jones says 
 that he early abandoned engraving and engaged in the 
 flour and grain business in New York. Plates signed 
 “A. L. Jones” were executed by Lawrence when an ap- 
 prentice with Alfred Jones, and were finished by the 
 latter. 
 
 LAWSON, ALEXANDER 
 
 Born in Ravenstruthers, Lanarkshire, Scotland, Dec. 
 19, 1773; died in Philadelphia, Aug. 22, 1846. An ex- 
 tended memoir of Alexander Lawson was read before 
 the Pennsylvania Historical Society, in 1878, by the late 
 Townsend Ward; and from this paper the following 
 brief sketch is compiled. 
 
 Alexander Lawson was left an orphan at the age of 
 fifteen years and was cared for by an elder brother re- 
 siding in Liverpool. He was later placed with a dealer 
 in books and engravings in Manchester, and his interest 
 
 156 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 in the prints he handled first induced him to attempt en- 
 graving. But as he sympathized deeply with the Revo- 
 lutionary movement in France, in 1798, Lawson deter- 
 mined to seek his future in that country; and as he could 
 not obtain a direct passage from England, he sailed for 
 the United States, expecting to return ona French vessel. 
 He landed at Baltimore on July 14, 1794, and was so 
 well pleased with the social and political conditions exist- 
 ing in this country that he changed his plans and con- 
 cluded to cast his lot with the Americans. He went to 
 Philadelphia, and as he seemed to have some knowledge 
 of engraving he first found employment with the en- 
 gravers Thackara & Vallance. Some time after this he 
 commenced business for himself and first attracted atten- 
 tion by his admirable plates for an edition of 'Thomson’s 
 “Seasons,” faithfully copied from the plates of the Eng- 
 lish engraver R. Rhodes. In 1798 Lawson met his fel- 
 low-countryman Alexander Wilson, and a firm and last- 
 ing friendship resulted. Lawson engraved the best plates 
 in Wilson’s famous “Ornithology,” the first volume of 
 which was issued in 1808, and those in its continuation by 
 Charles Lucien Bonaparte. In speaking of this work 
 Lawson says that he engraved these plates chiefly “for 
 the honor of his old country,” and for a financial return 
 not exceeding one dollar per day. He later, among other 
 work, engraved the plates for works on conchology, writ- 
 ten by Prof.S. S. Haldeman and Dr. Amos Binney, and 
 made some large historical plates. He worked entirely — 
 in line. | 
 Personally, says Mr. Ward, Alexander Lawson was 
 of tall and commanding figure, and he was well read in 
 157 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 English literature and the history of art. On June 6, 
 1805, he married Elizabeth Scaife, of Cumberland, Eng- 
 land, and two of his children became good engravers. A 
 considerable collection of the engraved work of Alex- 
 ander Lawson is in the possession of the Academy of 
 Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia. 
 
 LAWSON, HELEN E. 
 
 This daughter of Alexander Lawson made the draw- 
 ings for her father’s illustrations in the works of Prof. 
 Haldeman and Dr. Binney, and she also engraved sev- 
 eral plates of birds for a publication of about 1830. She 
 shows decided talent in this work. 
 
 LAWSON, OSCAR A. 
 
 Born in Philadelphia, Aug. 7, 1813; died there Sept. 
 6, 1854. This son of Alexander Lawson was probably a 
 pupil of his father, and he became an accomplished line- 
 engraver. He furnished a number of small plates for the 
 Annuals; but about 1840 he entered the service of the 
 U. S. Coast Survey, at Washington, as a chart engraver, 
 and he remained there until failing health one him 
 to resign in 1851. 
 
 Oscar A. Lawson was the father of Mary ee 
 Lawson, a poetess and early writer in Scotch dialect. 
 
 LEACH, SAMUEL 
 
 The “Pennsylvania Gazette,” of Dec. 10, 1741, adver- 
 tises that “Samuel Leach, from London, performs all 
 sorts of Engraving, such as Coats of Arms, Crests, 
 Cyphers, Letters, &c., on Gold, Silver, or Copper. Also 
 
 158 
 
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BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 engraving of all kinds for Silversmiths, N. B. The said 
 Leach may be heard of at Mr. Samuel Hazard’s, Mer- 
 chant, opposite the Baptist Meeting House, in Second 
 Street, or at Andrew Farrels, Tanner, in Chestnut 
 Street, Philadelphia.” 
 
 LE COUNT & HAMMOND 
 
 Well-engraved landscape plates published in 1840 are 
 thus signed. The second member of the firm was prob- 
 ably J.T. Hammond, who was in business as an engraver 
 in Philadelphia in 1839. 
 
 LEDDEL, JOSEPH, JR. 
 
 The “New York Weekly Post Boy,” May 18, 1752, 
 contains the advertisement of Joseph Leddel, Jr., for the 
 sale of all manner of pewterwork. At the end of this ad- 
 vertisement he says that “He also engraves on Steel, 
 Iron, Gold, Silver, Copper, Brass, Pewter, Ivory or 
 Turtle Shell, in a neat manner very reasonably.” 
 
 LEE, HOMER 
 
 Born in Mansfield, O., in 1855; living in 1903. Homer 
 Lee was the son of John Lee, an engraver, and he re- 
 ceived some instructions from his father in this art. He 
 was later regularly apprenticed to a steel-engraver in 
 New York City; but his master having failed before the 
 expiration of his apprenticeship, he began business for 
 himself as Homer Lee & Co. He was successful, and in 
 1881 he founded the Homer Lee Bank Note Co. of New 
 York. Later he was vice-president and director of the 
 Franklin-Lee Bank Note Co., of the same city. 
 
 Mr. Lee studied art in Canada and in Europe, and re- 
 
 159 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 ceived honorable mention for one of his paintings at the 
 Vienna Exposition of 1873. He has exhibited as late as 
 1901. 
 
 As an inventor he devised the steel-plate printing sys- 
 tem named after him; the numbering machines used by 
 the U. S. Government and abroad; improvements in the 
 linotype composing machine, etc. 
 
 LEGGETT, R. 
 
 This good line-engraver of landscape, about 1870, 
 signed plates from “No. 4 John St., New York.” 
 
 LEHMAN, GEORGE 
 
 Born in Lancaster Co., Pa.; died in Philadelphia in 
 1870. About 1829 Lehman painted, engraved in aqua- 
 tint, and hand-colored a series of admirable views of 
 Pennsylvania towns. He also aquatinted a number of 
 smaller plates and drew for engravers. In 1835-87 he 
 was in the lithographing business in Philadelphia, and 
 was later a member of the print-publishing firm of Leh- 
 man & Baldwin, of the same city. 
 
 LEMET, L. 
 
 Lemet was a close follower of the methods of St. Me- 
 min, producing portraits by the same means and identical 
 in appearance and size. He was located in Philadelphia 
 in 1804; but about all that is known of him is contained 
 in the following advertisement in the “Albany Centinel” 
 of Nov. 15, 1805. 
 
 “Physiognetrace. Likenesses engraved. I. Lemet re- 
 spectfully informs the Ladies & Gentlemen of Albany 
 
 160 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 that he takes Likenesses in Crayons, as large as life, and 
 engraves them in a reduced size in a new and elegant 
 manner. The price of the large likenesses, with an en- 
 graved plate and twelve impressions, is $25 for gentle- 
 men, and $35 for ladies, or $6 for the drawing only. For 
 further particulars apply in his rooms at Capt. Lock- 
 woods, the corner of Dock in State Street, where a great 
 number of portraits of distinguished characters may be 
 seen. Oct. 14, 1805.” 
 
 Peter Maverick engraved after portraits drawn by 
 Lemet, but the compiler has only found a very few por- 
 trait plates actually engraved by Lemet; among these 
 are Dr. Ben Rush and Col. Joseph Shippen, both of 
 Philadelphia. 
 
 LENEY, WILLIAM SATCHWELL 
 
 Born in London, England, Jan. 16, 1769; died at 
 Longue Pointe, near Montreal, Canada, Nov. 26, 1831. 
 Leney was of Scotch descent and the son of Alexander 
 and Susanna Leney. He is said to have been a pupil of 
 the well-known English engraver Peltro W. 'Tompkins, 
 and Leney’s work bears evidence of a careful training in 
 the art of stipple-engraving. He was engraving over his 
 own name in London as early as 1791; and he achieved 
 _ such success that he was awarded a gold medal for his 
 large plate of the “Descent from the Cross.” Leney en- 
 graved a large number of portrait plates, in stipple and 
 in line, for London publishers. 
 
 About 1805 Leney was induced to come to the United 
 States; he settled in New York and seems soon to have 
 had abundant employment. His New York account- 
 
 16] 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 book, showing the prices that he separately charged for 
 the copper plate and his engraving, is in the possession 
 of Mr. W. C. Crane, of New York. This shows that he 
 was paid $100 to $150 for engraving an octavo portrait, 
 a very large price for that early period. About 1812 he 
 was associated with William Rollinson in the bank-note 
 business. Leney engraved the vignettes and charges Rol- 
 linson for the copper and the engraving in each case, 
 showing that the business was not a partnership. One of 
 Leney’s early plates executed in this country is that of 
 _“Moses in the Bullrushes,” done for Collins’ Bible pub- 
 lished in 1807; for this plate he is said to have received a 
 gold medal. 
 
 Before he came to this country, Leney married, at 
 Lambeth, England, Sarah White, born Feb. 10, 1773, 
 and who died in Canada, Sept. 28, 1884. About 1820 
 Leney removed to Canada and bought a farm of 300 
 acres at Longue Pointe, below Montreal. For a time he 
 followed his profession in Montreal, and he there en- 
 graved the first notes issued by the Bank of Montreal, 
 and a now scarce series of large plates of views in and 
 about Montreal. Mr. Leney had nine children and his 
 descendants are numerous. 
 
 LEPELLETIER 
 
 Maps and plans published by T. C. Fay, of New 
 York, in 1814, are signed Lepelletier, Sculpt, N. York. 
 
 LEWIS, J. r 
 The book-plate of Dr. Peter Middleton, who died in 
 New York in 1781, is signed J. Lewis sc. Dr. Middle- 
 162 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 ton, though born in Scotland, was located in New York 
 as early as 1750, and the plate bears evidence of Ameri- 
 can origin. 
 
 LEWIS, J. O. 
 
 This engraver in the stipple manner first appears in 
 books published in Philadelphia in 1815; and as he en- 
 graved the portrait of Lewis Cass, as secretary of war 
 under President Jackson, he must have been engraving 
 in 1881. 
 
 There is no record of such an engraver in the Philadel- 
 phia directories; and in the New York directory the near- 
 est approach to this name is “Joseph Lewis, engraver 
 and seal-cutter” in 1816-23. Lewis probably spent some 
 time in the western country, as he published in Philadel- 
 phia, in 1835, “The North American Aboriginal Port- 
 folio,” a collection of lithographic portraits of Indians; 
 some of these are inscribed as “Painted from life by J. O. 
 Lewis, at Detroit, 1833.” He seemingly engraved very 
 few plates and his work possesses little merit. 
 
 LINCOLN, JAMES SULLIVAN 
 
 Born in Taunton, Mass., May 18, 1811; died in Provi- 
 dence, R. I., Jan. 19, 1887. At the age of fourteen Lin- 
 coln was apprenticed to an engraver in Providence, 
 R. I.; and he is said to have executed engravings, though 
 none have been found by the compiler. After 1887 he 
 devoted himself solely to portrait-painting, in which 
 he was very successful. Lincoln was the first president 
 of the Providence Art Club. 
 
 163 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 LONGACRE, JAMES BARTON : 
 
 Born in Delaware Co., Pa., Aug. 11, 1794; died in — 
 Philadelphia, Jan. 1, 1869. Longacre was a descendant 
 of one of the early Swede settlers on the Delaware, and 
 he was taught to engrave by George Murray, in Phila- 
 delphia. His earliest work was done for S. F. Brad- 
 ford’s Encyclopedia, of 1805-18; but he first attracted 
 attention by his admirable large plate of Andrew Jack- 
 son, after the portrait by Thomas Sully, published in 
 Philadelphia in 1820. He soon found abundant employ- 
 _ ment in engraving portraits in the stipple manner, many 
 of them done after his own drawings from life. 
 
 About 1830,in connection with James Herring, Long- 
 acre conceived the idea of publishing the “American 
 Portrait Gallery”; a series of biographical sketches of 
 statesmen, military and naval heroes, and professional 
 men. ‘These were to be illustrated by portraits; and 
 Longacre set the standard of engraving so high, that 
 after employing the best engravers in this country, he 
 was compelled to induce others to come from Europe 
 especially for this purpose. He engraved a number of 
 these himself and drew the originals for other engravers; 
 and taken as a whole it was the best series of portraits 
 engraved in the United States up to that time. 
 
 The large plates of Longacre are remarkable for 
 their faithfulness as portraits and for the beauty of 
 their execution. ‘The majority of them are done in 
 the stipple manner; but his large plate of Charles Car- 
 roll, after the painting by Chester Harding, proves him 
 to have been an accomplished line-engraver. In 1844 
 Mr. Longacre was appointed engraver to the U. S. 
 
 164 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 Mint, succeeding C. Gobrecht, and he held that position 
 until his death. 
 
 LOVHE, G. 
 This name as engraver is appended to a very poor 
 
 frontispiece to Watts’ “Divine Songs,” published in 
 Philadelphia in 1807 by L. Johnson. 
 
 LOVETT, ROBERT 
 
 According to “Poulson’s Advertiser,’ Lovett was an 
 engraver upon metal and stone, located in Philadelphia 
 in 1816—22, inclusive. He was principally engaged in 
 engraving seals and dies. He removed to New York 
 about 1825, but returned to Philadelphia in after years. 
 
 LOWE, R. 
 Lowe was a script engraver employed in New York in 
 1838. 
 
 LOWNES, CALEB 
 
 The “Pennsylvania Magazine,’ Philadelphia, June, 
 1775, contains a fairly well-engraved line plate of a “New 
 Plan of Boston Harbour,” signed C. Lownes, Sculp. 
 
 This Caleb Lownes was a die-sinker and seal-cutter in 
 business in Philadelphia, and was a prominent citizen of 
 that city. In 1779, according to the Minutes of the Su- 
 preme Executive Council, he was paid £76 for cutting a 
 seal for the Pennsylvania Board of Admiralty. In 1797 
 Lownes was a member of the Board of Health of Phila- 
 delphia. 
 
 Caleb Lownes is credited with having engraved the 
 
 165 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 woodcut seal of arms used as the heading to early com- 
 missions and proclamations issued by the State of Penn- 
 sylvania. This State coat of arms, with the eagle as a 
 crest and harnessed horses as supporters, is found on proc- 
 lamations issued by the Supreme Executive Council of 
 Pennsylvania as early as 1786. It is well engraved, but 
 unsigned in the examples seen by the writer. 
 
 LYBRAND, J. 
 
 About 1820, J. Lybrand neatly engraved in line a 
 view of the Gilpin paper-mill, on Brandywine Creek, 
 Pa., after a drawing by B. K. Fox. Possibly a little 
 earlier than this, he was engraving in connection with R. 
 Campbell, of Philadelphia; these latter plates were also 
 in line, but very simple in character. 
 
 MAAS, JACOB 
 
 The only mention found of Jacob Maas is in connec- 
 tion with the engraving and sale of “Lafayette and 
 Washington badges” in 1824. 'The Philadelphia news- 
 papers of that year contain conditions of sale of “their 
 plates’; and this notice is signed jointly by “J. L. Fred- 
 erick and Jacob Maas, Engravers.” 
 
 McCABH, E. 
 This engraver of vignettes was seemingly working in 
 New York about 1855. 
 
 McCARTHY 
 McCarthy was a line-engraver of portraits, in the em- 
 ploy of J. C. Buttre, New York, in 1860-65. 
 166 
 
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 REV. JOHN M. MAS 
 ENGRAVED BY 
 
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 1797-1818 
 
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: BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 McCLUSKEY, WILLIAM 
 
 Some very well-executed subject plates, signed by 
 Wm. McCluskey as engraver, were published in the 
 “New Mirror,” New York, about 1845. 
 
 McGOFFIN, JOHN 
 
 Born in Philadelphia in 1818; was living in 1883. 
 McGoffin was an excellent line-engraver of landscape 
 and subject plates. He was a pupil of James W. Steel, 
 of Philadelphia, and he was in the employ of that en- 
 graver in 1834. Mr. Baker says that he painted minia- 
 tures for some years; but he evidently continued to en- 
 grave, and was working at least as late as 1876. 
 
 McLELLAN, H. B. 
 About 1860 this stipple-engraver of portraits was lo- 
 cated in Boston, Mass. 
 
 McRAE, JOHN C. | 
 
 McRae engraved portraits and subject plates, in both 
 line and stipple, for New York publishers of 1855. He 
 executed several large and excellent subject plates for 
 framing, and was working as late as 1880. 
 
 A portrait of John Wesley, in mezzotint and pub- 
 lished by Harper & Brother, New York, is signed McRae 
 sc. While inferior in execution to his other work, this 
 may have been engraved by John C. McRae. 
 
 J.M. AE. 14 sculp. 1758. 
 This early American engraver can not be identified by 
 the compiler. The only evidence of his existence is a 
 167 | 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 small quarto portrait of Frederick III of Prussia, 
 ‘folded and inserted” in the New York Almanac for . 
 1759; New York: “Printed and Sold by Hugh Gaine at 
 the Bible and Crown in Hanover Square.” ‘This print 
 may be described as follows: Exxceedingly rude line work 
 with an attempt at stipple in the face. Vignette; half- 
 length in uniform standing to right, face front, right 
 hand on hip, left hand on hilt of sword resting on point; 
 muzzle of cannon in right base. Size 5.8< 5.5 ins. In- 
 scription: J. M. AE 14 sculp 1758 Frederick the Third 
 The Great King of Prussia Sold by J. Turner, in Arch 
 Street Philad’a. 
 
 This print was issued with the almanac; as Hugh 
 Gaine, in the “New York Mercury” of Nov. 6, 1758, 
 announces the publication of the almanac, and says, 
 “with a beautiful frontispiece of that Hero of the Age, 
 Charles Frederick, King of Prussia.” ‘The same alma- 
 nac contained a woodcut of the “Harbour of Louis- 
 bourg,” previously published in the “Mercury” for 
 August 14, 1758. 
 
 The probability is that this J. M. was a young appren- 
 tice of James Turner, the engraver; as the latter was cer- 
 tainly located in Philadelphia at that date and engraved 
 the large map of the “Province of Pennsylvania” pub- 
 lished by Nicholas Scull in 1759. 
 
 MACKENSIHE, E. 
 
 This accomplished engraver of portraits in the stipple 
 manner came from England, in 1883-84, to engrave for 
 the “National Portrait Gallery.” He remained in the 
 
 168 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 United States and was later largely employed in portrait 
 work by the Methodist Book Concern, of New York. 
 
 MACKLOW, J. 
 
 A well-engraved portrait of Martha Washington, 
 after the painting by Woolaston, is signed by this man 
 about 1835; and is further inscribed as “Engraved ex- 
 pressly for the Christian Family Annual.” 
 
 MAIN, WILLIAM 
 
 Born in New York City, and practised engraving 
 there between 1821 and 1838. ‘This American engraver 
 had an interesting career, and the unique distinction of 
 having been a pupil of the famous Raphael Morghen. 
 According to Wm. Dunlap, Main, as a young man, was 
 taken to Italy by Mauro Gandolfi, who came to this coun- 
 try, in 1817, under contract to engrave Col. Trumbull’s 
 “Declaration of Independence.” On account of what he 
 regarded as the relatively high cost of living in the 
 United States, Gandolfi broke his contract and returned 
 home the same year, and took Main with him under 
 promise of teaching him engraving. For some reason not 
 stated Main was abandoned in Florence, and he then ap- 
 plied to Morghen and was admitted and spent three 
 years in the studio of that great master. This statement 
 of Dunlap is supported by the fact that the peculiar en- 
 graving table brought by Main from Florence was for 
 many years in the possession of James Smillie, in New 
 York, and was always known among engravers as the 
 “Morghen table.” , 
 
 In 1820 William Main returned to New York full of 
 
 169 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 enthusiasm for his art, and he opened a studio in that 
 city. With the purpose of demonstrating his ability he 
 paid $40 for the privilege of engraving in line an octavo 
 portrait of Rev. John Henry Hobart, after the painting 
 by John Paradise. The resulting 8vo plate was a good 
 piece of work; but Main declared that the proceeds from 
 the sale of the print “barely paid for the copper.” And 
 in a letter to Dunlap he says that the bulk of his early 
 employment here consisted in engraving “‘visiting cards, 
 door-plates and dog-collars.” | 
 
 He eventually found employment and engraved a few 
 portraits and book illustrations. William Main was one 
 of the founders of the National Academy of Design in 
 1826; and he was a member of the class of engravers, 
 along with Durand, Danforth, Peter Maverick, and C. 
 C. Wright. He was engraving as late as 1837, though he 
 seems to have left New York in 1833. 
 
 MAJOR, JAMES PARSONS 
 
 Born at Frome, Somersetshire, Kngland,in 1818; died 
 at Somerville, N. J., Oct. 17, 1900. Mr. Major came to 
 the United States as a bank-note engraver in 1830. He 
 resided in Brooklyn until 1872, and for over fifty-five 
 years he was in charge of the engraving and modeling 
 department of what is now the American Bank Note 
 Company, of New York. 
 
 MALCOM, JAMES PELLER 
 Born in Philadelphia, August, 1767; died in England, 
 April 5, 1815. Malcom began to engrave in Philadel- 
 170 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 phia prior to 1786; as he designed and engraved the fron- 
 tispiece for “The Lyric Works of Horace,” by John 
 Parke, published in that year in Philadelphia. This 
 plate is a somewhat ambitious piece of work, but is poorly 
 executed. Under the patronage of Rev. Jacob Duche 
 and other citizens of Philadelphia, Malcom was sent to 
 England to study art; and in a memoir written in 1805 
 he says that he attended the Royal Academy course for 
 three years. 
 
 Possibly as a means of self-support, Malcom en- 
 graved landscapes, buildings, etc., for several English 
 magazines; and among these were several Philadelphia 
 buildings. In 1792-93 he returned to Philadelphia; 
 and Alexander Lawson credits him with having en- 
 graved at this time an interior view of Christ Church, 
 in his native city. A photographic copy of such an en- 
 graving has been seen by the compiler, but the copy 
 bears no evidence of the engraver. 
 
 Malcom found little encouragement in Philadelphia, 
 and he soon returned to England and resumed work upon 
 the “Gentleman’s Magazine” and other English periodi- 
 cals. He became much interested in historical and an- 
 tiquarian research; was a Fellow of the Antiquarian So- 
 ciety, and published seven or more books. Among these 
 were “Londinium Redivivum,” 1802-05; “Excursions 
 in the Counties of Kent, Gloucester, etc.,” 1802-05; 
 “Anecdotes of the Manners and Customs of London,” 
 1808-11; and “Miscellaneous Anecdotes,” 1811. These 
 works were largely illustrated by plates engraved by 
 Malcom. 
 
 171 4 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 MANLY, JOHN 
 
 The only evidence of the work of this man as 
 an engraver is found in an etched portrait of 
 Washington, executed after 1789. Manly is said to 
 have been a die-sinker, and apparently flourished 
 about 1800. 
 
 In an advertisement in the ““F'reeman’s Journal,” Phil- 
 adelphia, 1790, “an artist” proposes “a subscription for 
 a medal of George Washington.” Subscriptions were 
 received at Wilmington by Peter Rynberg; and in 
 Philadelphia by J. Manly, “in the care of Robert 
 Patton, Postmaster.” This would indicate that Manly 
 was then in Philadelphia—if he were not the “artist” 
 referred to. 
 
 MANZO, JOSE 
 
 Born in Puebla, Mexico,in 1789; died in Mexico about 
 1840. Manzo studied painting under Salvador del 
 Huerto, and later applied himself entirely to engraving 
 and chasing on metal, in which art he excelled. In 1814 
 he was made the first director of the new Academy of 
 Design; in 1824 he was attached to the Embassy to 
 Rome, and in that-city and in Paris he perfected his 
 knowledge of engraving and also acquired the art of 
 lithography. He returned to Mexico in 1827, and bring- 
 ing with him the necessary presses, stones, etc., he founded 
 the latter industry in Mexico. Under government pat- 
 ronage he established a school of engraving and lithog- 
 raphy, in 1828, in the Cardine College, in the city of 
 Mexico...) 3) 
 
 172 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 MARCHANT, B. 
 
 The only engravings by Marchant seen by the com- 
 piler are line illustrations in “The Narrative of Capt. 
 James Riley,” published in New York in 1816. 
 
 MARE, JOHN DE 
 
 De Mare was born in Belgium; belonged to a noble 
 and ancient family, and was himself a highly cultivated 
 man. It is not known where he learned to engrave; but 
 he appeared in New York about 1850, and engraved in 
 line a few admirable book illustrations. He is said to 
 have returned to Kurope about 1861. 
 
 MARSAC, HARVEY 
 
 This name appears as an “engraver” in the New York 
 directory for 1834. As no work signed by him has been 
 found by the compiler, it can not be positively stated that 
 he engraved on copper. 
 
 MARSH, WILLIAM R. 
 
 Marsh was engraving vignettes, advertising cards, 
 ete., in New York, in 1833-48. 
 
 MARSHALL,—— 
 
 In John Marshall’s “Life of George Washington,” 
 published by C. P. Wayne, Philadelphia, 1804-07, one 
 of the illustrative maps is signed Marshall Sct. This 
 map represents the relative positions of the American 
 and British forces prior to the battle of White Plains, 
 Oct. 28, 1776. 
 
 173 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 MARSHALL, WILLIAM EDGAR 
 
 Born in New York City, June 30, 1887, William E. 
 Marshall began bank-note engraving in New York with 
 Danforth, Wright & Co., and later devoted his time to 
 the engraving of large portraits in line, chiefly done from 
 portraits painted by himself. In 1864 he went abroad 
 and studied art in Paris for about two years, and exhib- 
 ited in the Salons: of 1865-66. On his return to this 
 country he painted portraits and again commenced en- 
 graving portraits. Mr. Marshall is best known as an 
 engraver by his large line plates of Washington, Lin- 
 coln, Gen. Grant, H. W. Longfellow, James G. Blaine, 
 etc. But one of the best examples of his portrait work is 
 the head of James Fenimore Cooper, engraved in 1861. 
 
 MARTIN, D. 
 
 D. Martin engraved at least one portrait, and also 
 some of the maps found in the “Monthly Military Re- 
 pository,” published by G. Smith, New York, 1796. These 
 are maps of military operations during the Revolution. 
 
 MARTIN, E. 
 
 In 1826 this man was engraving buildings, etc., for 
 Cincinnati publishers. 
 
 MARTIN, J. B. 
 
 Several stipple portraits, fairly well engraved, and pub- 
 lished in Richmond, Va., in 1822, are signed Engraved — 
 by J. B. Martin, Richm‘d. 
 
 Martin claimed to be an artist; and he drew upon stone 
 a good quarto portrait of John Randolph, of Roanoke. 
 
 174 
 
Died A 
 he 2 ; % 
 
 IsJg 
 
 ¢ cl f vont Orgs cool Liture.dn Mee” 
 Mechon of teeLuhe of } Chandrs. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 This lithograph was printed by Cephas G. Childs, but is 
 signed as Drawn on Stone & Published by J. B. Martin, 
 Richm’d. 
 
 MARTIN, ROBERT 
 
 In 1860 this man produced some excellent line illus- 
 trations for Cooper’s works, published in New York. 
 
 MASON, ALVA 
 
 About 1819 the firm of W. & A. Mason advertised as 
 “Engravers of brass ornaments for book-binding etc. 
 charter and Patent Medicine Seals, Embossing plates 
 and Brass Engraving for Typographical Printing.” 
 Their establishment was located at No. 15 S. 4th St., 
 Philadelphia. It is not known that this firm did any cop- 
 perplate engraving. 
 
 MASON, D. H. 
 
 The Philadelphia directories of 1805-18 contain the 
 name of D. H. Mason, “music-engraver.” In 1816 he 
 executed vignettes for the bank-note engraving firm of 
 Murray, Draper, Fairman & Co., of the same city; and 
 in 1830 Mason signed a certificate as “Architect and En- 
 
 graver.” 
 
 MASON, WILLIAM G. 
 
 This line-engraver of buildings, etc., was located in 
 Philadelphia in 1822-45, excepting the years 1823-29. 
 He made the illustrations for Joshua Shaw’s “U. S. 
 Architecture,” and for other publications by the same 
 author. Judging from the excellence of line vignettes 
 
 175. 
 
} 
 
 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 engraved by Mason for bill-heads, etc., he was probably 
 chiefly engaged on bank-note work. 
 
 MAVERICK, MARIA A. anp EMILY 
 
 These two daughters of Peter Maverick, of New 
 York, separately engraved several admirable stipple il- 
 lustrations for an edition of Shakspere published about 
 1830. | 
 
 ANN Maverick, a daughter of Dr. Alexander An- 
 derson and the wife of Andrew Maverick, was a capital 
 wood-engraver at a somewhat later period. 
 
 Two other members of the Maverick family, Octavia 
 and Catherine, were engaged in art work: the first named 
 as teacher of drawing in the Packard Institute, of Brook- 
 lyn; and the other held a similar position in Madam 
 Willard’s school, in Troy, N. Y. 
 
 MAVERICK, PETER 
 
 Born in New York, Oct. 22, 1780; died there June 7, 
 1881. Peter Maverick was the son and pupil of Peter 
 Rushton Maverick, one of the early engravers of New 
 York. In 1802 Peter Maverick was in business in New 
 York as an engraver; but at a later period he removed to 
 Newark, N. J., where he was the preceptor and in 1817 
 the partner of A. B. Durand. Maverick returned to New 
 York and there conducted an extensive establishment as 
 a general engraver and copperplate printer; to this busi- 
 ness he finally added lithography. Peter Maverick was 
 one of the founders of the National Academy of Design 
 in 1826; and the “Historic Annals of the Academy” refer 
 to him as excelling in “letter engraving and bank-note 
 
 176 ‘ 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 work.” A portrait of Peter Maverick is in existence 
 painted by John Neagle. 
 
 MAVERICK, PETER, JR. 
 
 All that is known of this man is that he was a son of 
 Peter Maverick, and the New York directories for 1832 
 —45 give his occupation as “engraver and lithographer.” 
 
 MAVERICK, PETER RUSHTON 
 
 Born in America, April 11, 1755; died in New York, 
 Dec. 12, 1811, according to an announcement in the 
 “Newark Centinel of Freedom,” of that year. 
 
 In the “New York Packet,” March 16,1786, Maverick 
 advertises his business as follows: 
 
 “The Subscriber, ever willing to serve the public, re- 
 spectfully informs them, that he carries on engraving, 
 seal-sinking and copper plate printing at No. 3 Crown 
 Street, where ladies may have their tea-table ware en- 
 graved in the most elegant manner and in the newest 
 fashion, resembling the flat chasing, as neat as in Europe. 
 
 “By their humble servant, 
 “Peter Maverick.” 
 
 This card is surmounted by a woodcut of a cherub 
 supporting a scroll inscribed “Arms, Seals, &c.,” and the 
 advertisement plainly indicates that, like other early 
 American engravers, the engraving of silver-plate and 
 book-plates formed the major part of his business. _ 
 
 His copperplates, as a rule, are poor in execution, 
 though his book-plates are better. The stipple portrait 
 of Volney, signed by P. R. Maverick, is probably the 
 work of his son Peter, or some engraver in his employ. 
 
 177 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 MAVERICK, SAMUEL 
 
 This name is signed as engraver to book illustrations 
 published in New York in 1824. The New York direc- 
 tories call Samuel Maverick a “copperplate printer” in 
 1805, and in 1819-87 the occupation becomes “Engraver 
 and Copperplate printer.”” The name appears in these 
 directories until 1847. 
 
 But there was another Samuel Maverick—or Samuel 
 R. Maverick, as it was printed at times—who was some- 
 times an “engraver” and then “auctioneer and copper- 
 plate printer.” 
 
 MAXON, CHARLES 
 
 The New York directory for 18338 contains this name 
 as “engraver.” No copperplate is known so signed. 
 
 MEADOWS, C. 
 
 This engraver of portraits and buildings was in busi- 
 ness in Windsor, Vt. He was working about 1850—55. 
 
 \ 
 
 MEADOWS, R. M. 
 
 A very well-executed stipple portrait of Edward Jen- 
 ner, M.D., was engraved by R. M. Meadows and pub- 
 lished in the “Analectic Magazine” for 1817. Meadows 
 also engraved a portrait of F. Asbury for an American 
 publication; but it is not certain that either of these plates 
 was engraved in the United States. 
 
 Nagler, in his ““Kunstler-Lexicon,” refers to a Robert 
 Meadows who flourished in the first quarter of the last 
 century and engraved for the “Shakespeare Gallery,” of 
 
 178 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 London. His life is unknown to Nagler, but this may be 
 the man mentioned above. 
 
 MEDAIRY & BANNERMAN 
 
 This firm was engraving portraits and book-plates 
 in Baltimore, Md., in 1828—29. The second member of 
 the firm was doubtless W. W. Bannerman, already re- 
 ferred to. 
 
 MERCHANT, G. W. 
 
 A well-engraved plan of the floor of the Senate cham- 
 ber, at Albany, N. Y., is signed G. W. Merchant Engr. 
 & Pub. The plan is used as a frontispiece to the “Legis- 
 lative Manual of the State of New York, 1834,” and it 
 was published at Albany in that year. 
 
 MEYER, HENRY HOPPNER } 
 
 This capital stipple-engraver of portraits made plates 
 for the “National Portrait Gallery,” of 1834. If he 
 were really in this country his stay here was very brief, 
 as few plates are found so signed. 
 
 MEYRICK, RICHARD 
 The “American Weekly Mercury,” Philadelphia, No. 
 516, 1729, contains the following advertisement: 
 “Richard Meyrick. Engraver, remov’d from the Lock 
 and Key in Chesnut Street to the Widow Walker’s, in 
 - Front-Street Philadelphia.” 
 Meyrick was probably an engraver for silversmiths. 
 179 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 MIDDLETON, THOMAS 
 
 Thomas Middleton was an artist and amateur etcher, 
 living in Charleston, S. C., in 1814. He was probably a 
 member of the well-known Middleton family of that 
 State, as the portrait of Arthur Middleton engraved by 
 Longacre, for Sanderson’s “Lives of the Signers,” is in- 
 scribed as “after a drawing by T. Middleton from a 
 group in a Family Picture by Ben. West.” | 
 
 The only engraved work of Thomas Middleton seen by 
 the compiler is contained in some good etchings in a 
 scrap-book once belonging to Robert Gilmor, of Balti- 
 more, Md. These include an effective bust portrait of 
 Alexander Hamilton; and on this prmt Mr. Gilmor has 
 written “Engraved by Thos. Middleton, of Charleston, 
 S. C., in 1814.” His other etchings are simply signed 
 “'T’. Middleton.” Several examples of the smaller etch- 
 ings found in the Gilmor scrap-book have lately been 
 picked up by the writer in Paris; and it is poses that 
 he studied art in that city. 
 
 MOFFAT, J. 
 
 A fairly well-engraved line portrait of Robert Burns 
 is signed as H'ng’d on Steel by J. Moffat. This print was 
 published by Wm. Pearson, New York, 1830-35; but it 
 is possibly the work of a Scotch engraver and the plate 
 may have been brought over here for publication. 
 
 MOLINEUX, —— 
 In 18381 there was published by Luke Loomis & Co., of 
 Pittsburg, Pa., a German work entitled “The Life and 
 180 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 Works of Johann Friedrich Oberlin,” with an introduc- 
 tion by Prof. S. S. Schmucker, of the Theological Semi- 
 nary at Gettysburg, Pa. The frontispiece to this book 
 is an engraved silhouette of Oberlin, signed Molineux 
 Sc. Pitt. This same Molineux engraved upon copper for 
 this work a fairly well-executed portrait of Louise Schep- 
 ler, and views of the residences of Oberlin and his fellow- 
 workers. No other examples of the engraved work of 
 Molineux are known to the compiler. 
 
 MONTGOMERY, R. 
 
 The only example of the work of this engraver seen by 
 the writer is a book-plate of James Giles, signed KR. 
 Montgomery, Sculp. The plate is armorial, with a can- 
 non and American flag introduced into the decoration, 
 and it is crude enough in execution to have been the work 
 of some prentice local engraver. ‘This James Giles was 
 doubtless a James Giles, of New York, who was a lieuten- 
 ant of the 2nd Continental Artillery, and a regimental 
 adjutant in January, 1781. Another armorial plate of 
 this same James Giles, with military trophies, including 
 cannon, ramrods, kegs of powder, etc., was engraved by 
 “Maverick.” Some collectors of ex libris assert that the 
 engraver of the first-named plate was Gen. Richard 
 Montgomery, who was killed at Quebec in 1775. 
 
 This book-plate was probably engraved by Robert 
 Montgomery, who advertises in the “New York Packet,’ 
 Nov. 138, 1783, as “Watch Maker, Clock Maker and En- 
 graver.” 
 
 181 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 MOORE, ISAAC W. 
 
 Moore was engraving good line portraits and histori- 
 cal plates in 1831-33 for Philadelphia periodicals. 
 
 MOORE, T. 
 This stipple-engraver of portraits signs himself on one 
 of his plates 7. Moore (successor to Pendleton) Boston. 
 
 MORGAN, GEORGE T. 
 
 Born in Birmingham, England, in 1845; living in 
 Philadelphia in 1892. Morgan studied at the art school 
 in Birmingham and won a national scholarship to the 
 South Kensington Art School, where he was a student 
 for two years. He came to the United States, and in 
 1875 was made an assistant engraver in the U. S. Mint 
 in Philadelphia, and he remained there a number of 
 years. He designed and executed the dies for the once 
 famous “Bland Dollar.” 
 
 MORIN, J. F. 
 
 Morin was an engraver of maps, business-cards, etc., 
 who was working in New York in 1825-81, as shown by 
 dates of publication on his few signed plates. In 1825 he 
 engraved in connection with S. Maverick, and was then 
 apparently in the employ of that engraver and copper- 
 plate printer. In 1831 Morin engraved a good map of 
 New York City for “The Traveller’s Guide through the 
 State of New York,” published in New York in that year. 
 
 MORSE, HAZEN 
 
 In the “New England Palladium,” of July 20, 1824, 
 _ Hazen Morse, “engraver,” announces that he has re- 
 182 7 
 
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 il list ait 
 
 Cw del. 
 
 Nive sealp. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 moved from No. 6 Congress Street to Congress Square, 
 “a few doors south of the Exchange Coffee House,” and 
 he there “continues the business of Copper Plate En- 
 graving, in its various branches.” Copperplate printing 
 was also done at the same place. For a time Hazen was 
 in the employ of the Boston engraving firm of Annin 
 & Smith. According to the advertisement quoted above 
 he seems to have been chiefly engaged in engraving door- 
 plates, brass numbers for doors, coffin-plates, stencil- 
 plates, etc. The only signed copperplate known to the 
 writer is the Carey book-plate (Allen 140) inscribed H. 
 Morse Sc. : 
 
 ~ MORSE & TUTTLE 
 
 In 1840 this firm was engraving maps in Boston, 
 Mass., and the Morse of the firm was probably Hazen 
 Morse- 
 
 MORSE, NATHANIEL 
 
 The following death notice is found in the “Boston 
 Gazette, or Weekly Journal,” Boston, June 21, 1748: 
 “Last Friday (June 17) died here Mr. Nathaniel Morse, 
 an ingenious engraver, whose corpse was decently inter’d 
 last Lord’s Day Evening.” 
 
 The only engraving by Nathaniel Morse found by the 
 compiler is a portrait of Rev. Matthew Henry, rudely 
 engraved in line after a print by George Vertue. This 
 portrait is the frontispiece to “The Communicant’s Com- 
 panion, etc.,” by Matthew Henry, published in “Boston 
 in New England, re-printed for T. Phillips at the Sta- 
 tioner’s Arms, next to Mr. Dolbear, the Braziers, 1731.” 
 
 183 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 The Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 101, No. 525, con- 
 tains a copy of a bill of 1735, showing that Morse was 
 paid for engraving and printing a plate for Massa- 
 chusetts paper money. This bill is signed “Nat. Mors,” 
 as is the engraving of Matthew Henry referred to above. 
 
 MOTH, W. H. 
 
 This English portrait-engraver did a large amount of 
 work in London in the first half of the last century. He 
 engraved portraits of Charles Carroll, of Carrollton, 
 Epes Sargent, and other Americans, and subject plates 
 engraved by him were used in American publications; 
 but no evidence has been found by the compiler that Mote 
 ever actually engraved in this country. The plates men- 
 tioned were probably brought over here for publication. 
 
 MOTTRAM, C. 
 
 A. fine line-engraving, signed by C. Mottram as en- 
 graver, represents a view of the city of New York from | 
 the Brooklyn shore. It is made from a drawing executed 
 by J. W. Hill, New York, 1855; and was published in 
 New York in the same year. John William Hill was the 
 son of John Hill, the aquatint-engraver, who came to the 
 United States in 1816 and died here in 1850. But no 
 other work has been seen signed by C. Mottram. 
 
 MOULD, J. B. 
 
 This name is signed as engraver to good stipple por- 
 traits published in New York about 1830. But as the 
 portraits are those of foreigners it is possible that these 
 
 plates were imported. 
 184 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 MULLIKEN, JONATHAN 
 
 A facsimile of Paul Revere’s massacre plate is signed 
 Jona. Mulliken, Newbury Port, sculpt. 'There is no in- 
 dication of date, and about all that is known of Mulliken 
 is to be learned from the following notice printed in the 
 “Independent Chronicle and Universal Advertiser,” 
 Boston, Sept. 5, 1782: “All persons indebted to, or that 
 have any Demands on the Estate of Jonathan Mulliken, 
 late of Newbury-Port, Clockmaker, deceas’d, are desired 
 to bring in their Accounts, in order for Settlement, to 
 Moses Brown and Abel Greenleaf Executors of said 
 Estate. 
 
 “Newburyport, August, 12, 1782.” 
 
 From this it would appear that Mulliken was a clock- 
 maker of Newburyport, Mass., and that he died prior to 
 August 12, 1782. He probably engraved his own metal 
 clock-faces; but no other print is known to the writer 
 than the one referred to above. 
 
 MUMFORD, E. W. 
 In 1885-40 this engraver of landscape and subject 
 plates was apparently working in Philadelphia. 
 
 MUNGER, GEORGE 
 
 Born in Guilford, Conn., in 1783; died in 1824. Mun- 
 ger was a miniature painter of some merit; and the firm 
 of N. & S. S. Jocelyn engraved plates after portraits 
 painted by him. In February, 1816, N. Jocelyn and G. 
 Munger, of New Haven, Conn., published a large aqua- 
 tint view of the island of St. Helena. ‘This plate is 
 
 185 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 signed G. Munger, Sculp.; but it is the only pre of 
 his engraved work found. 
 
 Munger was some relation of Anson Didkinsoas the 
 miniature painter, also born in Connecticut. Two of 
 Munger’s daughters became artists. 
 
 MUNSON, S. B. 
 
 Munson probably lived in New Haven, Conn., about 
 1830—35, as he engraved a number of plates in conjunc- 
 tion with S. S. Jocelyn, of that town. Munson himself 
 was a very good stipple-engraver of portraits. The en- 
 graving firm of S. B. Munson & G. K. Stillman also 
 produced prints; and in 1842 the firm of Doolittle & 
 Munson was engraving in Cincinnati, O. 
 
 MURPHY, —— 
 
 A crudely engraved line frontispiece, representing 
 “Wisdom,” is signed Murphy sculp. ‘This plate was 
 published in New York in 1807. The design shows 
 Minerva armed with spear and shield standing in cen- 
 ter; with a flying Cupid and palm tree to left and a 
 lamb at her feet. No other example of Murphy’s work 
 has been seen. 
 
 MURRAY, GEORGE 
 
 Born in Scotland; died in Philadelphia, July 2, 1822. 
 Dunlap says that Murray was a pupil of the well-known 
 English engraver Anker Smith,and he was certainly en- 
 graving portraits, etc., in London in 1796. Murray ap- 
 pears in Philadelphia in 1800, coming to that city from 
 one of the Southern States. He was prominent in the 
 
 186 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 Philadelphia Society of Artists in 1810; and in 1810-11 
 he organized the bank-note and general engraving firm 
 of Murray, Draper, Fairman & Co., and an extensive 
 and lucrative business was developed. In this country 
 Murray engraved in line, over his own name, animals, 
 landscapes, and a few portraits. He is said to have lost 
 his money in reckless real-estate speculation, and to have 
 died poor. On the other hand, “Poulson’s Advertiser,” 
 of Nov. 9, 1822, notes the dissolution of the copartner- 
 ship of Murray, Fairman & Co., “in consequence of the 
 death of George Murray.” The surviving partners, in- 
 cluding Asa Spencer, continued the business under the 
 firm name of Fairman, Draper, Underwood & Co. Mur- 
 ray may have had, however, but a small interest in this 
 firm at the time of his death. 
 
 MURRAY, JOHN 
 
 In Rivington’s “Royal Gazette,” Feb. 28, 1776, we 
 find the following: “John Murray, in the 57 Regiment 
 from Edinburgh, engraves all manner of silver-plate, 
 seals, coats of arms, etc.’”” He may or may not have en- 
 graved on copper. 
 
 NEAGLE, JAMES 
 
 Died in Philadelphia, June 24, 1822, “aged 53 years.” 
 The directories of Philadelphia contain his name for 
 1820—22, inclusive, as an “engraver.” In 1819 he was 
 engraving in Philadelphia, and a few well-executed 
 portraits bear his name. His signed work is very 
 scarce and he was possibly chiefly engaged in bank-note 
 work. | 
 
 187 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 NEAGLE, JOHN B. 
 
 Born in England about 1796; died in Philadelphia in 
 1866. J. B. Neagle is said to have been the son of the — 
 English engraver John Neagle, born in 1760, and he was 
 probably a pupil of his father. He came to Philadelphia 
 when quite young, as he engraved, in 1815-18, a portrait 
 of Dr. Caspar Wistar for “Delaplaine’s Gallery.” 
 
 John B. Neagle was a very good line-engraver and 
 produced a considerable number of portraits and book 
 illustrations; his small annual plates, however, represent 
 his best work. Excepting in 1828-35, Neagle was a 
 resident of the city of Philadelphia; and he may have 
 been living in the vicinity of that city in this interval. 
 In the latter part of his life he was engaged almost en- 
 tirely on bank-note work. 
 
 NESMITH, J. H. 
 
 In 1805-18 this line-engraver was making illustra- 
 tions for the encyclopedia published by S. F. Bradford, 
 of Philadelphia. In 1824 his name as engraver is asso- 
 ciated with that of J. B. Longacre, and in 1828 Nesmith 
 was working for New Haven publishers. 
 
 NEWCOMB, D. 
 
 This name as engraver appears upon vignettes on the 
 title-page of books published in Boston, in 1820. Judg- 
 ing from his work Newcomb was probably one of the 
 bank-note engravers then in business in Boston. 
 
 NEW MAN, B. P. 
 Newman was a very good engraver of landscape, 
 working in New York in 1860. 
 188 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 NEWSAM, ALBERT 
 
 Born, deaf and dumb, May 20, 1809, at Steubenville, 
 O.; died near Wilmington, Del., Nov. 20, 1864. New- 
 sam was the son of a boatman and was left an orphan at 
 an early age. He was taken from his guardian by a deaf 
 impostor, who used his budding talent for drawing for 
 personal gain. He was abandoned by this man in Phil- 
 adelphia, early in 1820, and was taken in charge by the 
 authorities of the newly founded Institute for the Deaf 
 and Dumb of that city, and he was there educated. His 
 natural artistic bent was cultivated by placing him un- 
 der the tuition of the artists George Catlin and Hugh 
 Bridport. 
 
 In 1827 Newsam was apprenticed to Cephas G. 
 Childs to be taught engraving; and: two examples 
 of copperplate engraving are known to the compiler 
 signed A. Newsam, sc. Deaf & Dumb, Childs dir. 
 These are two good stipple-engravings of “Anna” 
 and “Queen Dido,” published in the “Casket” of Phila- 
 delphia. | 
 
 But the addition of a lithographic department to the 
 establishment of Mr. Childs, under the able management 
 of P. S. Duval, opened up a new field of activity pecu- 
 liarly adapted to the portrait-drawing ability of the 
 young deaf and dumb artist. Newsam, under instruc- 
 tions from Mr. Duval, made rapid progress in the art of 
 drawing upon stone; and as early as 1830 he had pro- 
 duced some excellent lithographic portraits. To this art 
 Newsam devoted the remainder of his professional life, 
 and he became the most noted and prolific lithographic 
 
 artist of his time. 
 189 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 NICHOLS, FREDERICK B. 
 
 Born in Bridgeport, Conn., Aug. 29, 1824; living 
 there in 1906. Mr. Nichols learned to engrave with the 
 New York firm of Rawdon, Wright, Hatch & Smillie, 
 Mr. Smillie being his chief instructor. He then went in- 
 to business for himself, and about 1846 he published 
 “Nichols Illustrated New York,” with views engraved 
 by himself. In 1848 he invented a process for relief- 
 engraving. Mr. Nichols was a good landscape engraver 
 and did considerable work for the New York publishers; 
 but in 1858 he abandoned engraving with the intention 
 of promoting certain inventions of his own. 
 
 In 1865 he went to Nova Scotia, was engaged in min- 
 ing engineering, and became a professor of chemistry 
 and geology in one of the Canadian colleges, though he 
 continued to make reports upon mining properties. Re- 
 turning to the United States in 1884, he resumed en- 
 graving for one year with William Wellstood, in New 
 York. Mr. Nichols then settled down in the place of his 
 birth, where he is still living at an advanced age. 
 
 NORMAN, JOHN 
 
 According to the “New England Palladium & Com- 
 mercial Advertiser,” June 10, 1817, John Norman died 
 in Boston, June 8, 1817, “aged 69 years.” That he was 
 an Englishman is shown by his advertisement in the 
 “Pennsylvania Journal” of May 11, 1774, which prob- 
 ably notes his first appearance in this country. It is as 
 follows: 
 
 “John Norman, Architect and Landscape Engraver, 
 from London. Takes this method to acquaint the Pub- 
 
 190 
 
Osrr 1800 
 
 rie 
 =) 
 
 . 
 
 a re ig er ame pe me lay me Le ee, ; : oth 3 J a 
 
ae ee anal 
 
 Wana, 
 san, 
 
 DE LAFAYE TTE 
 
 M. 
 
 nha, “eer 
 ENON LD AR amnion pimp nncoe ete NET 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 lic, that he has taken an Apartment at Mr. Dowey’s, 
 Goldsmith, in Front-Street, near the Coffee-House 
 (Philadelphia), where he intends carrying on the said 
 art. Any Gentlemen, who please to favour him with 
 their commands, may depend on having their work care- 
 fully and expeditiously executed on the lowest terms 
 and in the best manner. 
 
 “N.B. Booksellers, in any part of America, may be 
 supplied with frontispieces of any kind, as reasonable as 
 in England, and great care will be taken to dispatch at 
 the time they are wanted.” 
 
 The same journal, for Aug. 17, 1774, shows that Nor- 
 man had taken to himself a partner, and the advertise- 
 ment enters more into the detail of his business, as 
 follows: 
 
 “Norman and Ward. Engravers and Drawing- 
 Masters. 'Take this method to acquaint the Public that 
 they have opened a shop in Front-Street . . . where they 
 neatly engrave— Shop Bills; Bills of Exchange; Bills of 
 Lading; Bills of Parcels; Maps; Portraits; Landskips; 
 Frontis Pieces; Stone Stamps and Dies; Clock and 
 Watch Gearing; Architecture; Devices for News- 
 Papers, &c. Watch Cases neatly and elegantly orna- 
 mented; Plate and all Sorts of Silversmith’s Work; 
 Views and Charts; Copper Printing; with many other 
 Things too tedious to mention in an Advertisement . . . 
 They have likewise opened an Evening Drawing School.” 
 
 The first engraved work of Norman known to the 
 writer is found in “Swan’s British Architect, or the 
 Builders Treasury of Stair-cases,” published by Robert 
 Bell, in Philadelphia, July 5, 1775. This book was illus- 
 
 191 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 trated by 100 plans of stairways, etc. “curiously en- 
 graved on Sixty Folio Copper-Plates by John Norman, 
 Architect-Engraver.” At nearly the same time, Norman 
 engraved diagrams for “The Prussian Evolutions in 
 Actual Engagements,” by Thomas Hanson. Proposals 
 for printing the latter book by subscription were pub- 
 lished in the “Pennsylvania Gazette,” July 19, 1775. 
 
 In 1776 “John Norman, Printseller and Engraver,” 
 was located on Second Street, near Spruce Street, Phila- 
 delphia; and from that place he announced the publica- 
 tion and sale of “A Map of the Present Seat of War, 
 with the Harbour of New York and Perth-Amboy. 
 Price Two Shillings and Sixpence.” He was still en- 
 graving in Philadelphia in 1780; but in 1781 he engraved 
 the title and music for “The Psalm-singer’s Amusement, ’ 
 published in Boston, and he was then living in the latter 
 city. For the Boston edition of “An Impartial History 
 of the War, etc.,” 1782, Norman engraved his well- 
 known series of portraits; and in November, 1783, Nor- 
 man & White issued the first number of the “Boston 
 Magazine,” published under the auspices of a “Society 
 for compiling a Magazine in the Town of Boston,” and 
 illustrated by plates engraved by Norman. Owing to 
 some disagreement with members of the Society Nor- 
 man’s connection with the publication ceased in July, 
 1784. He then seemingly went into the book-publishing 
 business on his own account, and Dr. Samuel A. Green 
 eredits him with publishing the first Boston directory of 
 1789. Of his later life very little is known, other than 
 that he was engraving for New York publishers as late 
 as 1811. | | 
 
 192 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 As an engraver Norman’s earlier work was exceed- 
 ingly crude, and a number of his plates are more or less 
 modified copies of English originals. Some few of his 
 later plates show decided improvement. His chief claim 
 to fame is the fact that he was probably the first engraver 
 in America to attempt a portrait of Washington, about 
 1779. William Dunlap’s assertion that Norman was a 
 pupil of Sir Godfrey Kneller is met by the fact that Sir 
 Godfrey died in 1728, many years before Norman was 
 born. 
 
 O'BRIEN, R. 
 This portrait-engraver worked for many years for the 
 New York engraver A. H. Ritchie. 
 
 O'NEILL, JOHN A. 
 
 Born in New Jersey, and as an engraver he worked 
 chiefly in the city of New York, engraving portraits and 
 historical subjects. During the Cleveland administra- 
 tion, O’Neill was chief engraver to the Treasury Depart- 
 ment at Washington, D. C. In 1876 he was mayor of 
 Hoboken, N. J. 
 
 OAKLEY, F. F. 
 
 About 1860 Oakley was engraving vignettes in line, 
 at 204 Washington St., Boston. His work is very good, 
 though very few signed plates have been seen, and he 
 was probably a bank-note engraver. 
 
 OERTEL, JOHANNES ADAM 
 Born in Furth, near Nuremberg, Germany, Nov. 3, 
 1828; living in 1901. Oertel was apprenticed to. J. M. 
 | 193 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 HK. Muller, a well-known engraver of Nuremberg, and 
 remained with him until his twenty-fifth year, thoroughly 
 mastering the art of engraving. He then studied art at 
 Munich, under Peter von Cornelius, Schwanthaler, and 
 Kaulbach; but as a result of the German revolution of 
 1848 he came to America and settled in Newark, N. J. 
 He at first tried painting and then resorted to engray- 
 ing, doing much work for the bank-note companies. He 
 finally attained success with his pictures of army life done 
 from studies made in Virginia during the Civil War. In 
 1867 he was made a deacon in the Episcopal Church at 
 Westerly, R. I.; and a few years later he was ordained 
 to the priesthood at his parish church in Lenior, N. C. 
 He was rector of a number of churches and was professor 
 in an art school in St. Louis for two years. About 1857 
 he assisted in decorating the Capitol at Washington. 
 
 OKEY, SAMUEL 
 
 John Chaloner Smith, in his “British Mezzotints,” 
 says that Samuel Okey, an engraver in mezzotint, was 
 awarded premiums, in 1765 and 1767, by the London 
 Society of Arts, presumedly for his engravings. 
 
 Soon after the date mentioned Samuel Okey must 
 have sailed for America. In 1778, ’74 and ’75 he was en- 
 graving and publishing portraits in mezzotint in New- 
 port, R. I., his business partner being Charles Reak. 
 
 ORMSBY, WATERMAN LILLY 
 Born in Hampton, Windham Co., Conn., in 1809; 
 died in Brooklyn, N. Y., Nov. 1, 1883. Ormsby was a 
 student in the National Academy of Design in 1829; and 
 194 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 though his preceptor in engraving is unknown, he was 
 engraving over his own name in Albany, N. Y., at an 
 early date; he was also engraving for Carter, Andrews & 
 Co., of Lancaster, Mass. Being of a decided mechanical 
 bent of mind he invented a ruling-machine, a transfer- 
 press, and a “grammagraph,” a device for engraving on 
 steel directly from medals, medallions, etc.; this latter 
 machine, or a modification of it, was called a “panto- 
 graph.” With these machines he produced much work. 
 Ormsby was a very excellent line-engraver and was one 
 of the founders of the Continental Bank Note Co., of 
 New York; and in 1852 he published “Ormsby’s Bank- 
 Note Engraving.” It is claimed that he assisted S. F. 
 B. Morse and Henry A. Munson in the invention of the 
 Morse alphabet. 
 
 OSBORN, M. 
 
 This stipple-engraver of portraits was working in 
 Baltimore, Md., in 1812. In 1820 Osborn was located in 
 Philadelphia. 
 
 OSBORN, MILO 
 
 In 1886 this very clever line-engraver of portraits and 
 landscape was employed in New York; he was later 
 working for Philadelphia magazines. One of his con- 
 temporaries says that he became dissipated and disap- 
 peared. 
 
 OSTRANDER, P. 
 This man was a landscape engraver working in New 
 York, and then in Cincinnati, O., in 1850-55. 
 195 
 
 \ 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 OTIS, BASS : | 
 
 Born in Massachusetts in 1784; died in Philadelphia, 
 Nov. 30, 1861. Otis was apprenticed to a scythe-maker 
 in his early youth; he is supposed to have taught himself 
 to draw and to paint, and in 1808 he was painting por- 
 traits in New York. In 1812 he opened a studio in 
 Philadelphia and lived there for the remainder of his 
 life, devoting himself almost solely to portrait work. 
 
 As an engraver he made a few attempts at portraits in 
 aquatint, sometimes helped out by stipple; the best of 
 these efforts is his portrait of Rev. Abner Kneeland, pub- — 
 lished in 1818. He also experimented in lithography, and 
 made the first lithographic prints in the United States; 
 these were published in the “Analectic Magazine,” for 
 July, 1819. In 1815 he invented a “perspective protrac- 
 tor,” which was highly commended by Sully, Birch, 
 Lawson, 'Tiebout, and others. Bass Otis was married to 
 Miss Susan Pierie, of Philadelphia. 
 
 Two rare but artistically engraved mezzotints are 
 known, both engraved after paintings by Bass Otis, but 
 unsigned by the engraver. The manner in which the 
 plates have been prepared for the engraver would in- 
 dicate the work of a novice in the art, and they may pos- 
 sibly be further “experiments” by Otis himself. 
 
 OURDAN, JOSEPH JAMES PROSPER 
 
 Born in Marseilles, France, March, 1803; died in 
 Washington, D. C., Oct. 25, 1874. Jos. J. P. Ourdan 
 came to New York in 1821; removed later to Philadel- 
 phia; and having been taught to engrave by his son, 
 
 Joseph P. Ourdan, he became an expert letter engraver. 
 196 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 In this capacity he was employed by the U.S. Treasury 
 Department, at Washington, from 1866 until his death. 
 
 OURDAN, JOSEPH PROSPER 
 
 Born in New York City, Feb. 16, 1828; died in Wash- 
 ington, D. C., May 10, 1881. Joseph P. Ourdan was the 
 son of the above, and served his apprenticeship as an en- 
 graver with W. L. Ormsby, of New York. Over his own 
 name he engraved in line some good portraits and illus- 
 trative works for the book publishers; and the firm of 
 Packard & Ourdan produced portraits in mezzotint. But 
 he early became interested in bank-note work and was in 
 the employ of the Continental and the National bank- 
 note companies, of New York, and the American Bank 
 Note Company, of Philadelphia. Ourdan then entered 
 the service of the Treasury Department in Washington 
 and in time became the chief of the Bureau of Engrav- 
 ing and Printing. While in this bureau he engraved the 
 portraits of a number of persons notable during the Civil 
 War; including among these the head of S. P. Chase on 
 the one-dollar bill, and the head of L. P. Skinner on the 
 fractional currency. He engraved other admirable por- 
 traits for the bank-note companies. 
 
 OURDAN, VINCENT LE COMTE 
 
 Born in Brooklyn, N. Y., in 1855. He served his ap- 
 prenticeship as an engraver with the Columbian Bank 
 Note Company, of Washington, D. C., from 1875 to 
 1878; for a time he was employed in the Bureau of En- 
 graving and Printing, and then returned to the Colum- 
 bian Company and was with this company until it went 
 
 197 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 out of business. In 1882 Mr. Ourdan went to the U. s. 
 Hydrographic Office, in Washington, and he there 
 created the Mechanical Engraving Department. He in- 
 vented six separate machines for mechanically perform- 
 ing much of the work upon maps and charts that had 
 previously been done by hand, and thus more than 
 trebled the output in a given time. Mr. Ourdan was 
 the chief of this department until 1901, when he resigned 
 under an engagement to install a complete set of his ma- 
 chines in the Japanese Hydrographic Office, and to in- 
 struct the Japanese in the art of both hand and machine 
 engraving. 
 
 PAGE, WILLIAM 
 
 Born in Albany, N. Y., Jan. 23, 1811; died in Totten- 
 ville, Staten Island, N. Y., Oct. 1, 1885. William Page 
 commenced the study of law in New York, but soon 
 abandoned this profession for art, and became a pupil of 
 James Herring and S. F. B. Morse. But he again 
 changed his mind and studied theology for two years at 
 Amherst and Andover. He left these institutions and 
 resumed painting in Albany and New York, and there- 
 after he adhered to the palette, and became president of 
 the National Academy of Design in 1871-73. His ven- 
 tures in engraving were made as early as 1834; and he 
 then engraved in mezzotint a very excellent quarto por- 
 trait of Rev. James Milnor. He engraved about the 
 same time a mezzotint portrait of Edwin Forrest, which 
 Dunlap pronounced “the best specimen of that art pro- 
 duced by an American.” 
 
 198 
 
_ JAMES A. BAYARD 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 PALMER, J. , 
 
 A number of large and fairly well-executed Bible 
 illustrations, published in New York in 1826, are signed 
 Jd. Palmer, Sc. 
 
 PAPPRILL, HENRY 
 
 This engraver in aquatint produced at least two very 
 large plates. One shows New York as seen from Gov- 
 ernor’s Island; and the other is a most interesting and 
 detailed view over the city from the steeple of St. Paul’s 
 Church. The first was engraved from a sketch made by 
 I’. Catherwood, and the other from a drawing by J. W. 
 Hill. These plates were published in New Yorkin 1849, 
 and the view from St. Paul’s steeple was reissued in 1855 
 with many changes in the buildings shown. There were 
 also several editions of the other plate. 
 
 PAQUET, ANTHONY C. 
 
 Born in Hamburg, Germany, in 1814; died in 1882. 
 Paquet came to the United States in 1848 and found 
 employment here as a die-sinker. From 1857 until 1864 
 he was assistant engraver of the U. S. Mint at Phila- 
 delphia. Among others he engraved the dies for medals 
 of Buchanan, Everett, Grant, and Johnson. 
 
 PARADISE, JOHN WESLEY 
 Born in New Jersey in 1809; died in New York Aug. 
 17, 1862. John W. Paradise was the son of John Para- 
 dise, an American portrait-painter who was born in 1783 
 and died in 1884. The son was a pupil of A. B. Durand 
 and in time became an admirable line-engraver of por- 
 199 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 traits. He was one of the founders of the National 
 Academy in 1826. Later in life John W. Paradise was 
 chiefly employed as a bank-note engraver, and he was 
 working in this branch of his profession up to the time 
 of his death. 
 
 PARKER, CHARLES H. 
 
 Born in Salem, Mass., about 1795; died in Philadel- 
 phia in 1819. Parker was a pupil of Gideon Fairman; 
 worked in Europe for a time, and about 1812 he was in 
 business as an engraver in Philadelphia. He is referred 
 to as the “best engraver of script, maps and ornament of 
 his time.’ He was the engraver of the beautiful script 
 on the title-page of the “Analectic Magazine,” of Phila- 
 delphia, and did considerable work of this character. 
 
 PARKER, GEORGE 
 
 Born in England and was engraving excellent stipple 
 portraits in London in December, 1832. He came to the 
 United States, about 1834, to work for Longacre & 
 Herring on the “National Portrait Gallery” plates, and 
 he seemingly remained continuously in this country un- 
 til his death, which occurred about 1868. Parker en- 
 graved a considerable number of good portraits. 
 
 PARKYNS, GEORGE ISHAM 
 This English artist and designer for engravers came 
 to Philadelphia about 1795. His only known print is a 
 large and good aquatint view of Mount Vernon. He is 
 said to have been employed by T. B. Freeman, the 
 Philadelphia publisher of books and prints. 
 200 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 PAUL, E. 
 
 The only known print of this man is a large and ex- 
 cellent mezzotint portrait of Henry Clay, published by 
 R. A. Bachia, New York, 1855. This print is signed 
 King'd by E. Paul. 
 
 PEABODY, M. M. 
 
 The earliest plate by this engraver seen by the com- 
 piler is a very large and very crudely executed engray- 
 ing of “The Unjust Sentence of the Jews against Jesus 
 Christ the Saviour of the World.” This print was en- 
 graved and published in 1823, without noting the place 
 of publication; but in 18385 M. M. Peabody was located 
 in Utica, N. Y., and engraved maps in line and general 
 book illustrations in stipple in that town. A few por- 
 - traits, signed M. Peabody, were probably the work of 
 the above. _ 
 
 PEALE, CHARLES WILSON 
 
 Born in Charlestown, Md., April 16, 1741; died in 
 Philadelphia, Feb. 22, 1827. Peale is said to have been 
 apprenticed to a saddier in Annapolis, Md.; but he went 
 to Boston to study art, and in 1768-69 he is credited with 
 having received some instruction from J. S. Copley in 
 that city. About this time he went to London with let- 
 ters to Benjamin West and received some encourage- 
 ment from him. In London Peale learned to paint min- 
 iatures, to engrave in mezzotint, to mold in wax, and to 
 work in plaster. 
 
 He returned to Annapolis; but was in Philadelphia in 
 
 201 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 1775, and at once took an active part in the Revolution 
 and in State politics. He was a captain of volunteers at 
 the Battle of Trenton, and he represented Philadelphia 
 in the Pennsylvania Legislature of 1779. While in the 
 army, and afterward, Peale painted the portraits of a 
 large number of men prominent at that time in military 
 affairs, besides doing much work in ordinary portrait- 
 painting. | 
 
 Peale was deeply interested in the study of natural 
 history; and the finding of the remains of a “mammoth” 
 in Ulster Co., N. Y., practically induced him to estab- 
 lish in Philadelphia his once famous Museum, opened to 
 the public in 1802. To this institution he devoted the re- 
 mainder of his life. 
 
 As an engraver in mezzotint Peale did good work; 
 though his plates are few and very scarce. 
 
 PEASE, JOSEPH IVES 
 
 Born in Norfolk, Conn., Aug. 9, 1809; died at ‘Twin 
 Lakes, near Salisbury, Conn., July 2, 1883. In his early 
 youth Pease showed very considerable mechanical abil- 
 ity, and among other things he designed and built a 
 power-loom and also invented a propeller for boats. He 
 finally became an apprentice with the Hartford engraver 
 Oliver Pelton, and remained with him until 1830. In 
 1835 Pease located himself in Philadelphia and engraved 
 portraits for the National Portrait Gallery and did a 
 considerable amount of work for the Annuals; these 
 small plates are the best examples of his skill as an en- 
 graver in line. In 1848 he went to Stockbridge, Mass., 
 and finally settled on the farm where he died. He prac- 
 
 202 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 tically devoted the later portion of his life to bank-note 
 engraving. | 
 
 PEASE, RICHARD H. 
 Was an engraver of landscape working in New York 
 and in Albany about 1857. 
 
 PEASLEY, A. M. 
 
 Was a map engraver working at Newburyport, Mass., 
 in 1804. Examples of his work are to be found in “The 
 American Coast Pilot,” by Capt. Lawrence Furlong, 
 printed for Kd. M. Blount, Boston. He also engraved 
 at least one portrait—that of Saurin—executed in line 
 combined with roulette work. 
 
 PEKENINO, MICHELE 
 About all that we know of Pekenino is to be gathered 
 from Italian inscriptions and varied signatures on his 
 prints. On his portrait of A. B. Durand, engraved in 
 New York in 1820, Michele Pekenino calls himself an: 
 architect, “a native of Sallassa Contrada, in the vicinity 
 of Cortereggio, a land lying at the foot of the Alps on 
 the banks of the river Baltea.” On another print, of 
 1821, he styles himself “architect, designer and en- 
 graver’; and on the portrait of Pekenino engraved by 
 A. B. Durand the latter calls him a “pen-designer,” and 
 adds that “None but Nature taught him.” On a small 
 portrait of Bolivar, Pekenino signs his name as “Il 
 Canavasano del. e se.’’; and he dedicates another print to 
 the friends of “St. Giorgio Canavese in Piemonte.” 
 When he added a border and relettered and issued his 
 
 203 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 portrait of Durand as a portrait of the Liberator, Boli- 
 var, he employed the fictitious signature of “St. Giorgio 
 Sc.” 
 
 From all of this we gather that Pekenino was prob- 
 ably an architectural draftsman and later an engraver 
 in the stipple manner, and that he was a native of a 
 small village in Piedmont. Diligent search has failed to 
 exactly locate Sallassa Contrada; but enough is known 
 to place it on the Dora Baltea River, somewhere between 3 
 the towns of Biella and Aosta, and about fifty miles due 
 north of Turin. The use of the terms “Il Canavasano” 
 and “Canavese” is doubtless due to the fact that this dis- 
 trict is called La Canavese, and is devoted to hemp- 
 growing. The occurrence of the letter “k” in Pekenino 
 makes it a very unusual Italian name; and there is Justa 
 suspicion that it was an assumed name, and that St. 
 Giorgio was his real family name. 
 
 Michele Pekenino appears in New York in 1820, and 
 his latest prints are dated in 1822, so that his stay here 
 was a comparatively short one; though he engraved 
 about thirty plates while in the United States. He was 
 located in Philadelphia in 1821-22. That he was an in- 
 timate friend of A. B. Durand is shown by each engrav- 
 ing the other’s portrait and adding very friendly inscrip- 
 tions. But Dunlap’s story that Durand taught Peke- 
 nino to engrave is very dubious, to say the least. Durand 
 was a line-engraver; and Pekenino’s portrait of Durand, 
 done evidently soon after his arrival in New York, is 
 executed in stipple and is a most excellent piece of work, 
 showing the touch of a master rather than that of an 
 apprentice. : 
 
 204 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 Nagler, in his “Kunstler-Lexicon,” refers to a ‘““Peke- 
 nino,’ a copperplate engraver, and “probably a pupil of 
 Longhi.” But Nagler seems to base this statement upon 
 the only print by Pekenino seen by him—‘“‘a good copy 
 of Longhi’s engraving of Raphael’s Spozalizio.” This is 
 doubtless the Michele Pekenino here noted, and the print 
 referred to may have been engraved after he left the 
 United States. 
 
 As before mentioned, Pekenino engraved about thirty 
 plates for American publishers. ‘These are delicately 
 done, are unusually small in size, and in the majority of 
 them the portrait is inclosed in an ornamented and sus- 
 pended frame. He evidently retained the Durand plate; 
 as, probably under financial stress, he added a ruled 
 rectangle to the oval portrait of Durand—without 
 changing the portrait, however. This altered plate: he 
 relettered “Bolivar, General y Presidente de la Repub- 
 lica de Colombia,” with fictitious signatures for painter 
 and engraver, and he probably sold impressions as por- 
 traits of the then popular Liberator. Nothing is known 
 of Pekenino after his departure from the United mae 
 in 1822. 
 
 PELHAM, HENRY 
 
 Born in Boston, Feb. 14, 1749; ‘ccidaitally drowned 
 in Ireland in 1806. Henry Pelham was the son of Peter 
 Pelham and his second wife, Mary Singleton Copley; 
 he was thus the half-brother of John Singleton Copley. 
 
 The late Wm. H. Whitmore says that Henry Pel- 
 ham certainly engraved a picture of “The Finding of 
 Moses,” but he neither describes the print nor does he 
 
 205 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 give his authority. The late Paul Leicester Ford also . 
 prints a letter of March 29, 1770, from H. Pelham to 
 “Mr. Paul Revere,” in which he says: “When I heard 
 that you was cutting a plate of the late Murder, I 
 thought it impossible as I knew you was not capable of 
 doing it unless you copied it from mine, ete.” In another 
 letter to Charles Pelham, written May 1, 1770, Henry 
 Pelham says: “Inclosed I send you two of my pie of 
 the late Massacre.” 
 
 No such prints by Pelham are known. But several 
 water-color copies of the Massacre picture have been 
 preserved, which are exactly the same in design as the 
 Revere plate, but much superior to it in the details and in 
 the expression of the faces. Some claim that these water- 
 colors are the work of Henry Pelham, and are the 
 “prints” referred to, and that Revere used one of these as 
 the original of his plate, and hence the complaint of Pel- 
 ham to Revere. 
 
 PELHAM, PETER 
 
 Born in England; buried in Boston, Mass., on Dee. 
 14, 1751. The late Mr. Wm. H. Whitmore published in 
 Boston, in 1867, notes concerning Peter Pelham, which 
 corrected a number of errors into which previous biog- 
 raphers had fallen. According to these notes, Peter Pel- 
 ham was living in London in 1722; as his son Peter was 
 baptized at St. Paul, Covent Garden, Dec. 17, 1721, and 
 his son Charles was baptized at the same place, Dec. 9, 
 1722. He was engraving in London, at least, until 
 1725. 
 
 He arrived in Boston prior to 1727, as in that teen he 
 
 206 
 
Rev. JONATHAN EDWARDS, D.D. 
 
 PRESIDENT OF UNION COLLEGE . 
 
is 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 painted, engraved, and published a portrait of Cotton 
 Mather. His son William was baptized in Boston, Feb. 
 22, 1729; and the Boston newspapers show that he was 
 painting, engraving, and teaching school in that city in 
 the period 1734—48. His first wife, Mary Pelham, hav- 
 ing died in Boston on May 22, 1748, he married Mrs. 
 Mary Singleton Copley, the widow of Richard Copley 
 and the mother of the American artist John Singleton 
 Copley, who was born July 3, 1737. The records of 
 Trinity Church, Boston, show that Peter Pelham died 
 some time in December, 1751, as he was buried on Dec. 
 14, 1751. | 
 
 Pelham’s widow died in May, 1789, leaving as her 
 executor her “good friend Charles Pelham, of Newton.” 
 By his second wife, Peter Pelham left a son, Henry Pel- 
 ham, born Feb. 14, 1749. This Henry Pelham made 
 surveys for a map of Boston published in London in 
 1777. He later went to Ireland; became agent for the 
 Kerry estates of Lord Landsdowne, and was acciden- 
 tally drowned in 1806. | 
 _ The blunders of various biographers of Pelham are 
 pointed out by John Chaloner Smith, in his “British 
 Mezzotinto Portraits.” Redgrave says that he was born 
 in 1648 and died in 1738; whereas his first dated prints 
 were published in 1721, and he really died in 1751. 
 Other biographers place his death at about the time he 
 disappeared from London. 
 
 Pelham’s marriage to the mother of John Singleton 
 Copley also disposes of a common statement that Copley 
 was a self-taught artist. It is more than probable that 
 Pelham instructed his stepson in drawing, painting, and 
 
 207 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 engraving; and at least one mezzotint portrait done by 
 Copley would bear out this conclusion. 
 
 Peter Pelham was a good engraver of portraits in 
 mezzotint and was the first of record to practise that 
 branch of the engraver’s art in an American Colony. 
 His plates are scarce and are very highly prized by col- 
 lectors of early American engravings. 
 
 PELTON, OLIVER | 
 
 Born in Portland, Conn., Aug. 15, 1799; was living in 
 Hartford, Conn., in 1860. Pelton was first a pupil and 
 then a partner of Abner Reed, in Hartford. In 1827 he 
 was established as an engraver in Boston; and in 1836 he 
 was engaged in the bank-note business in Boston with 
 W.D. Terry, as Pelton & Terry. 
 
 Pelton was a fairly good line-engraver of portraits, 
 and he also engraved some small plates for the Annuals. 
 
 PERINE, GEORGE EDWARD 
 
 Born in South Orange, Essex Co., N. J., July 9, 
 1887; died in Brooklyn, N. Y., Feb. 3, 1885. Mr. Perine 
 was of Huguenot and Dutch descent, his ancestors hav- 
 ing settled on Staten Island and in Ulster County prior 
 to the Revolution. On May 25, 1852, he commenced en- 
 graving under 'Thomas Doney, of New York, and in 
 1856—58 he was with W. W. Rice, an excellent line and 
 bank-note engraver of Scotch Plains. During this time 
 and before he was nineteen years old, he engraved in 
 mezzotint his large plate of “The Signing of the Com- 
 pact in the Cabin of the Mayflower.” In 1858—60 Mr. 
 Perine was in the employ of New York engravers, and 
 
 208 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 in the latter year he began engraving on his own account 
 and established, in time, an extensive and very successful 
 business in New York City. Portrait engraving formed 
 the chief part of his work; and while he employed many 
 engravers in his establishment he is said to have finished 
 every plate himself. 
 
 PERKINS, E. G. 
 
 A line portrait of no particular merit, published by 
 Samuel W. Wheeler, of Providence, R. I., in 1831, is 
 signed HE. G. Perkins, Sc. 
 
 PERKINS, JACOB 
 
 Born in Newburyport, Mass., July 9, 1766; died in 
 London, England, July 30, 1849. Perkins is not known 
 to have been, himself, an engraver upon copperplate, but 
 his influence upon the development of bank-note engrav- 
 ing was so marked that he deserves mention among en- 
 gravers. As a silversmith in his native town he made the 
 dies for the Massachusetts copper coinage of 1787, and 
 he was early prominent as an inventor of machines for 
 various purposes. In 1810 he found means for the im- 
 portant substitution of steel for copper plates in engrav- 
 ing bank-notes, thus greatly prolonging the life of the 
 plate. Perkins at that time was located in Newburyport, 
 Mass., associated with Gideon F'airman; and in 1810 the 
 firm of Perkins & Fairman published “Perkins & Fair- 
 man’s Running Hand. Stereographic Copies. Patent 
 Steel Plates.” This was a copy-book, and was probably 
 the first publication in this country using the steel plates. 
 
 In 1814 Perkins came to Philadelphia, and as a mem- 
 
 209 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 ber of the firm of Murray, Draper, Fairman & Co., he 
 made further and valuable improvements in the processes 
 for manufacturing bank-notes. In 1818, with Fairman, 
 Asa Spencer, and others, Perkins went to England to 
 compete for the prize offered for a method of preventing 
 forgery of bank-notes. As a result of this effort the firm 
 of Perkins & Heath was organized in London for the 
 production of bank-notes, etc., by the “Patent Hardened 
 Steel Process.” While in London, Perkins perfected his 
 process for transferring engravings from one steel plate 
 to another; and among other devices, at that time, he in- 
 vented a steam-gun and an improved steam-engine. 
 
 PERKINS, JOSEPH | 
 
 Born in Unity, N. H., Aug. 19, 1788; died in New 
 York City, April 27, 1842. Joseph Perkins graduated 
 from Williams College in 1814; in 1818 he went to Phila- 
 delphia and there learned script engraving. He estab- 
 lished himself in business in that city; but in 1825 he re- 
 moved to New York and with A. B. Durand became 
 a member of the bank-note engraving firm of Durand, 
 Perkins & Co. When Mr. Durand abandoned engraving 
 for painting, Joseph Perkins continued in business as a 
 script engraver, with an office at No. 4 John Street, New 
 
 York. 
 
 PHILLIBROWNE, THOMAS 
 
 Born in London and is said to have been a pupil of 
 the Findens in that city. He was engraving admirable 
 portraits in pure line in London in 1884; and came to 
 the United States prior to 1851, as in that year he en- 
 
 210 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 graved a full-length portrait of Louis Kossuth for Bos- 
 ton publishers. He was working upon illustrations to 
 Cooper’s works, in New York, as late as 1860. Mr. 
 Alfred Jones says that Phillibrowne was a very eccentric 
 character, peculiar in appearance; and he claimed that 
 his personal friend Hablot Knight Brown, or “Phiz,” 
 had used him as a model for the familiar “Mr. Pickwick” 
 in his original illustrations to that story of Dickens. 
 
 PHILLIPS, CHARLES 
 
 This excellent engraver of portraits in stipple was lo- 
 cated in New York in 1842, and was an Englishman by 
 birth. Very little work is signed by him; and it is said 
 that he went into the employ of the Government at 
 
 Washington, D. C. 
 
 PICART, B. 
 
 This apparently fictitious signature, either as designer 
 or engraver, is signed to a large and poorly engraved 
 plate published by H. D. Robinson, New York, seem- 
 ingly about 1800. The print is entitled “Church and 
 State,” and is a caricature dealing with the doctrines of 
 Thomas Paine. 
 
 ~PIERPONT, BENJAMIN, JR. 
 
 Pierpont engraved upon copper the music and words 
 of “The Singing Masters Assistant; or Key to Practical 
 Music. By William Billings, Author of the New Eng- 
 land Psalm-Singer, etc. Boston, (New England). 
 Printed by Draper and Folsom, 1778.” A hye 
 
 This singing-book is an oblong quarto, and on the last 
 
 211 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 page of music the engraver signs himself as Hngrav’d by 
 Benj* Pierpont Junt Roxbury, 1778. 
 
 In writing concerning engravers upon silver-plate, the 
 late Samuel Davis, of Plymouth, Mass., mentions among 
 other engravers of this class, one “Pierpont,” who was 
 working in New England about 1770. ‘This may be the 
 engraver of the above music. 
 
 PIGGOT, ROBERT 
 
 Born in New York City, May 20, 1795; died in Sykes- 
 ville, Md., July 23, 1887. Piggot was a pupil of David 
 Edwin, in Philadelphia, and at the termination of his 
 apprenticeship he associated himself in business with his 
 fellow apprentice Charles Goodman. This firm of Good- 
 man & Piggot produced a considerable number of good 
 stipple portraits for the magazines of the period. 
 
 Piggot, however, soon abandoned engraving for the 
 church, and on Nov. 80, 1828, he was ordained a priest in 
 the Protestant Episcopal Church by Bishop White. He 
 held several charges in Pennsylvania and Maryland, and 
 about 1856 he was “Professor of graphics and the fine 
 arts” in the Newton University of Baltimore, Md. In 
 1869 he was called to Sykesville, Md., and he was rector 
 of Holy Trinity parish of that place until his death. 
 
 He continued to engrave for some time after he en- 
 tered upon holy orders, as we find several portrait plates 
 signed Rev. Robert Piggot, Sculpt. 
 
 PLATT, H. 
 A well-executed stipple portrait of Samuel Thomson, 
 Botanist, is prefixed to his “New Guide to Health,” Bos- 
 212 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 ton, 1832. This plate is simply signed H. Platt; and 
 while this signature is assumed to be that of the engraver, 
 it may also indicate the painter. No other engraved work 
 of Platt is known to the writer. 
 
 PLOCHER, JACOB J. 
 
 This landscape engraver died in Philadelphia, Dec. 
 27, 1820. From 1815 to 1818 Plocher had an engraving 
 establishment in that city in the Shakspere Building; but 
 before this date he did considerable work for the ency- 
 clopedia published by S. F. Bradford, Philadelphia, 
 1808-11. He engraved at least one meritorious large 
 plate, a view of the Upper Ferry bridge over the Schuy]- 
 kill River, Philadelphia. 
 
 POLLOCK, T. 
 
 In 1839 Pollock was engraving portraits in line in 
 Providence, R. I. He was later apparently a member of 
 the New York engraving firm of Pollock & Doty. 
 
 PORTER, J. T. 
 
 In 1815 this mediocre line-engraver of historical plates 
 signed himself as of Middletown, Conn. The only plates 
 found are in the ‘Narrative of John R. Jewett,” etc., 
 published by Loomis & Richards, Middletown, Conn., 
 1815. 
 
 POSSELWHITE, GEORGE W. 
 
 Born in England about 1822; living in New York in 
 1899. Posselwhite was an admirable engraver of land- 
 scape and subject plates. He came to the United States 
 
 218 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 about 1850 and was largely employed in New York and 
 Philadelphia. | 
 
 POUPARD, JAMES 
 
 In the “Pennsylvania Gazette,” Philadelphia, Dec. 9, 
 1772, this engraver advertises as follows: 
 
 “James Poupard, Engraver, Jeweller and Goldsmith. 
 From London. Begs Leave to inform the Public, that 
 he hath opened Shop, in Front-street, two doors from 
 Chesnut-street, on the bank side; where he intends to 
 
 follow his business, in its several branches. Makes and © 
 
 Sells all sorts of Jeweller’s and Goldsmith’s work in gen- 
 eral in the neatest and newest fashions, and at the most 
 reasonable rates; engraves all sorts of silver and copper 
 plates; also arms, crests, cyphers, &c. on seals, in gold, 
 silver, copper or steel; likewise makes and engraves 
 mourning rings, with the utmost expedition; also tips, in 
 the neatest manner, in gold or silver. He gives the ut- 
 most value for old gold and silver.” 
 
 The earliest engraving by Poupard of which we have 
 any note is mentioned in the “Gazette” of June 29, 1774. 
 James Humphreys, Jr., announces the publication of 
 “The Search after Happiness, a Pastoral Drama, by 
 Miss More, (Embellished with an elegant Copperplate 
 Frontispiece, engraved by James Poupard, of this 
 City). This print has not been seen by the writer; and 
 Mr. Hildeburn, in his “Issues of the Press of Pennsy]- 
 vania,” notes this work of Hannah More, but he makes 
 no mention of the frontispiece. 
 
 But in 1775 Poupard engraved the portrait of Dr. 
 Goldsmith for the “Pennsylvania Magazine”; in 1788— 
 
 214 
 
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BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 89 he was engraving diagrams, etc., for the “Trans- 
 actions of the American Philosophical Society”; and as 
 a “seal and die engraver” his name appears continuously 
 in the Philadelphia directories for 1793-1807, inclusive. 
 
 Poupard then removed to New York, and was en- 
 graving on wood for New York publishers in 1814. A 
 fairly well-executed portrait of John Wesley may be 
 ascribed to this latter period. 
 
 Westcott, in his “History of Philadelphia,” says that 
 Poupard was at one time an actor, and came to Phila- 
 delphia from the Island of Martinique. He further says 
 that he married in this country a woman of strong reli- 
 gious principles, “inclined to the Methodist connection.” 
 Poupard, as a consequence, conducted himself with a 
 fitting gravity in his own home; but he is accused of lead- 
 ing a somewhat riotous life when away from home and 
 in congenial company. 
 
 PRICE, GEORGE 
 
 Born in England in 1826. This landscape engraver 
 was a pupil of the Findens, in London. Price came to 
 the United States in 1853, did considerable work here, 
 and returned to England in 1864. 
 
 PRUD’HOMME, JOHN FRANCIS EUGENE 
 Born in the Island of St. Thomas, West Indies, Oct. 
 
 4, 1800; living in Georgetown, D. C., in 1888. His 
 
 parents came to the United States in 1807 and settled in 
 
 New York in 1809. About 1814 Prud’>homme was ap- 
 
 prenticed to his brother-in-law Thomas Gimbrede to 
 
 learn engraving, and was engraving over his own name 
 
 215 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 in New York in 1821. He became a reputable engraver 
 of portraits in stipple, though his best work is represented 
 by his small plates executed for the Annuals, about 1839. 
 Among these “The Velvet Hat” and “Friar Puck” are 
 to be especially admired. In 1852 Prud’homme became 
 interested in bank-note work, and from 1869 to 1885 he 
 was employed by the Treasury Department.at W ashing- 
 ton, D. C. Prud’homme was made an Academician of 
 the National Academy of Design in 1846, and in 1834-53 
 he was the curator of the Academy. | 
 
 PUNDERSON,L.S. 
 
 This excellent engraver of portraits in stipple was 
 working in New York in 1850—55. 
 
 PURSELL, HENRY 
 
 In the “New York Mercury,” May 29, 1775, Henry 
 Pursell advertises that he has removed “from Broadway 
 to Dock Street, near the Old Coffee House, where he 
 carries on the engraving Business in its different 
 branches, viz., Copperplates of all kinds, Arms, crests, 
 cyphers, etc., on plate. Ditto on watches. Ditto on seals 
 of any metals. Types, Free Mason Medals. Gun fur- 
 niture, Harness ditto, Cyphers, etc., on whips. Mourn- 
 ing rings. Door plates, Dog Collars, ete.” 
 
 This advertisement well exhibits the varied character 
 of the engraver’s work of that period. Pursell also prob- — 
 ably engraved in wood; as the English coat of arms in- 
 cluded in the head-line of Rivington’s “Royal Gazette,” 
 New York, 1780, is signed H. P. In May, 1785, the 
 Comptroller-General of Pennsylvania approved the bill 
 
 216 | ! 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 of “Henry D. Pursell” for engraving borders for the 
 
 “New Emission Money” of that State. This is very 
 probably the Pursell mentioned above. 
 
 _ Another and perhaps a later Pursell engraved in line 
 a view of “Washington College in the State of Mary- 
 land.” ‘This print is signed Pursell sculpt. This is a 
 fairly well-executed line-engraving (7.1% 11.10 ins.) 
 and is an old plate; but it can not be positively stated’ 
 that it is the work of the Henry Pursell of 1775. 
 
 QUARRE, F. 
 
 _ F. Quarré was a lamp-shade manufacturer located in 
 _ Philadelphia in 1850, and possibly earlier. The only en- 
 graved work of this man seen by the compiler is an oval 
 of a very good imitation of lace, printed in white on a 
 brown ground. In the center of this oval is an embossed 
 view of New York, seemingly taken from Hoboken. 
 Below this view is the word “New York” in white on the 
 brown ground. ‘This view was used as a magazine illus- 
 tration. 
 
 RADCLIFFE, C. — 
 
 Was a stipple-engraver of portraits and vignettes lo- 
 cated in Philadelphia as early as 1805. 
 
 RALPH, W. 
 
 Ralph was a line-engraver of views, etc., of little 
 merit. He was working in Philadelphia in 1794-1808, 
 and engraved at least one plate for the “New York 
 Magazine.” | 
 
 | 217 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 RAWDON, FREEMAN 
 
 Born in Tolland, Conn., in 1804; was living in New 
 York in 1860. Freeman Rawdon was a pupil of his 
 brother Ralph Rawdon, an engraver, then of Albany, 
 N. Y. In 1828 he was the Rawdon of the New York en- 
 graving firm of Rawdon, Wright & Co., and Rawdon, 
 Wright & Hatch, and other combinations of a later date. 
 These firms conducted an extensive business in general 
 and bank-note engraving, and employed many engray- 
 ers. Freeman Rawdon signed very little work. 
 
 RAWDON, RALPH 
 
 In 1813 Ralph Rawdon was engraving in a very 
 crude manner in Cheshire, Conn.; he was associated in 
 this work with Thomas Kensett, the father of the Ameri- 
 can artist. About 1816 Rawdon removed to Albany, N. 
 Y., where he engraved stipple portraits over his own name, 
 and with his brother and with A. Willard he was in the 
 bank-note and general engraving business in that city. 
 
 REASON, PHILIP H. 
 
 This very clever engraver of portraits in stipple was a 
 negro, educated and apprenticed to an engraver by cer- 
 tain members of the antislavery party in New York City. 
 He engraved a few good portraits; but the race prejudice 
 was too strong for him and he was compelled to abandon 
 engraving for other employment early in the fifties. 
 
 REED, ABNER 
 Born at East Windsor, (ban! in 1771; died in 1866; 
 and was apparently engraving in Lansingburg from 
 218 
 
| BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 1794 to 1797, and was in New York as early as 1797. In 
 1803—08 he was working in Hartford, Conn., and was 
 probably a member of the Graphic Company, of that 
 place. Abner Reed was a stipple-engraver of portraits, 
 and is referred to as the preceptor of the engravers Wil- 
 lard, Pelton, Daggett, Barber, and John Cheney. The 
 firm of Reed & Scoles also produced portraits in stipple; 
 and a few line views of scenes in the*War of 1812, signed 
 Reed, Sc. may be ascribed to him. 
 
 Abner Reed was one of the earliest bank-note engrav- 
 ers in this country. He engraved in 1792 the first notes 
 of the Hartford Bank, the second oldest bank in New 
 England, and he produced a very considerable quantity 
 of excellent work of this class. 
 
 REICH, JOHN 
 
 In 1806 John Reich was a die-sinker of considerable 
 merit; and he was frequently employed by Robert Scot, 
 engraver of the U. S. Mint in Philadelphia, to prepare 
 the dies for National coin. He engraved the dies for sev- 
 eral fine medals, including Washington, after Stuart; 
 Franklin, from the Houdon bust; a Peace medal of 
 1783, and a tripoli medal presented to Com. Edward 
 Preble in 1806. The Washington medal, after Stuart’s 
 head, is advertised as issued in Philadelphia, Oct. 9, 
 1806, “in commemoration of the retirement of Washing- 
 ton.” The medal is described in ‘““Poulson’s Advertiser” 
 as being struck in silver and bearing the following in- 
 scriptions: “Face, A Head of Washington as President. 
 Inscription—G. Washington. Pre. Unit. Sts. Reverse. 
 The ensigns of authority (civil and military) deposited, 
 
 219 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 in laurels, upon the tablet of the United States. Inscrip- 
 tion. Commis. Resigned: Presidency Relinquished. 
 1797.” 'The announcement is further made that the dies 
 were executed by “the celebrated Artist John Reich; the 
 likeness from a drawing of Stuart sketched on purpose.” 
 Dunlap says that in consequence of ill health, Reich 
 abandoned work and “went West.” 
 
 John Reich was one of the founders of the Society of 
 Artists, organized in Philadelphia in 1810, and is entered 
 on the list of Fellows of the Society as “die-sinker at the 
 United States Mint.” 
 
 REICHE, F. 
 
 This German engraver was executing crude line work 
 in Philadelphia in 1795. He was engraving portraits on 
 wood in 1800. 
 
 REVERE, PAUL 
 
 Born in Boston, Mass., Jan. 1, 1735; died there May 
 10, 1818. The father of Paul Revere came from the 
 Island of Guernsey and established himself in Boston as 
 a goldsmith. In this business the son was trained and 
 there learned to engrave upon silver-plate. 
 _ Aside from some possible book-plates, his prominent 
 engraved plates may be noted as follows: A portrait of 
 Jonathan Mahew; The Repeal of the Stamp Act (1766) ; 
 the caricature of the seventeen Rescinders and the Land- 
 ing of the British Troops (1768) ; and his famous Bos- 
 ton Massacre, of 1770. For the “Royal American Mag- 
 azine” of 1774—75, Revere engraved a number of plates. 
 
 220 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 His work is exceedingly crude in execution and is only 
 valuable for its historical interest. 
 
 The career of Paul Revere as a patriot is too well 
 known to be mentioned here. 
 
 REYNOLDS, THOMAS 
 
 In the “New York Daily Advertiser,” Jan. 2, 1786, 
 Thomas Reynolds advertises that he has established a 
 “seal manufactory” in Philadelphia: where he engraves 
 on stone arms, crests and cyphers; searches out family 
 arms, descents, etc.; and he likewise cuts on brass all 
 sorts of state and public seals. 
 
 RICH, E. A. 
 This portrait engraver in mezzotint was working for 
 Baltimore engravers about 1845. 
 
 RICK, JAMES R. 
 
 Born in Syracuse, N. Y., in 1824; and studied engrav- 
 ing under his brother W. W. Rice, of Rawdon, Wright, 
 Hatch & Co., of New York. He removed to Philadel- 
 phia in 1851, and as late as 1876 he was engraving por- 
 traits there in connection with J. Earle. 
 
 RICH, W. W. 
 
 As mentioned above this very good line-engraver of 
 portraits and subject plates was a member of the firm of 
 Rawdon, Wright, Hatch & Co., of New York, in 1846; 
 and he was engraving over his own name as late as 
 
 1860. 
 221 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 RICHARDSON, S. 
 
 This man was a book-plate engraver apparently work- 
 ing about 1795, but with no indication of locality. The 
 one known example represents a woman with left hand 
 on an anchor, with ships in the distance. In the base is a 
 blank tablet surmounted by an urn. On the tablet is 
 written in ink “I. H. Swale, 1795.” The plate is signed 
 S. Richardson Sculpsit. 
 
 RIDGWAY, W. 
 
 This excellent engraver of historical subjects in line 
 was working in New York in 1854 in connection with 
 Wm. Wellstood, and was engraving for New York pub- 
 lishers at a much later date. 3 
 
 RILEY, —— 
 
 This name, as “Riley, Engraver,” is signed to poorly 
 engraved music and words published by J. & M. Paff, 
 Nos. 2 and 8, City Hotel, Broadway, New York. The 
 seeming date is about 1800. 
 
 RITCHIE, ALEXANDER HAY 
 
 Born in Glasgow, Scotland, Jan. 14, 1822; was living 
 in Brooklyn, N. Y., in 1888. Ritchie studied drawing in 
 Edinburgh under Sir Wm. Allan, and he came to New 
 York in 1841.. He apparently learned to engrave after 
 he reached this country ; but he ultimately established an 
 extensive general engraving business in New York; his 
 earlier prints being issued about 1847. Ritchie himself 
 was a very clever engraver of portraits in mezzotint, and 
 it is claimed that he finished every plate that went out of 
 
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 his establishment. He painted in oils; began exhibiting 
 at the Academy in 1848, and was an Associate in 1863 
 and an Academician of the National Academy of De- 
 sign in 1871. 
 
 ROBERTS, 
 Some rather poor line book illustrations published in 
 New York in 1841 are thus signed. 
 
 ROBERTS, JOHN 
 
 Born in Scotland in 1768; died in New York in 1803; 
 came to New York in 1793, says Wm. Dunlap. Roberts 
 was engraving views, script, etc., in New York in 1796; 
 and his name as an engraver appears in the directories of 
 1802-03. Dunlap describes him as a sort of universal 
 genius; ready to do anything, but erratic and incapable 
 of turning his advantages to personal account. A small 
 mezzotint portrait of Washington exists, which is ex- 
 tremely rich in effect and shows fine execution. Dunlap 
 says this was engraved by Roberts in New York, in 
 1799, from a miniature portrait by Benjamin Trott; 
 but owing to some misunderstanding between the 
 painter and the engraver Roberts deliberately destroyed 
 the copperplate and a few proof impressions alone 
 remain. | 
 
 Roberts is said to have made his own engraving tools, 
 to have invented a new method of stippling, and to have 
 made his own plate-press. He painted miniatures, drew 
 portraits in crayon, and was a musician of no mean 
 skill; but he abused his gifts and intemperance ended 
 his life. 
 
 223 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 ROBERTSON, 
 
 A large and well-engraved frontispiece, apparently 
 intended for an edition of Cook’s “Voyages,” of about 
 1815, is signed Robertson sc. While this plate bears 
 some indication of American origin, it may be English. 
 
 ROBERTSON, W. 
 This man was a script engraver employed in New 
 York in 1881. 
 
 ROBIN, AUGUSTUS 
 
 Born in New York of French parentage. This good 
 engraver of portraits and subject plates was in the em- 
 ploy of J. C. Buttre, of New York, for nearly forty years. 
 
 ROBINSON, —— 
 
 This name, as engraver, is signed to a number of 
 small, wonderfully designed, and poorly engraved plates 
 illustrating an edition of Weems’ “Life of Washington,” 
 published in 1815 by Matthew Carey, of Philadelphia. 
 
 ROBINSON, W. | 
 
 About 1825-30 this W. Robinson etched in a fairly 
 good style a Masonic certificate published by R. Desil- 
 ver, of Philadelphia. This may be the “Robinson” noted 
 above. 
 
 ROCHE,—— : 
 Several of the plates of the American edition of May- 
 nard’s “Josephus,” published in New York in 1791, are 
 signed Roche sc. No other plates are known. 
 
 224 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 ROGERS, JOHN 
 
 Born in England about 1808; died in New York 
 about 1888, says Mr. Samuel Hollyer. Rogers came to 
 New York in 1850-51, and he engraved for the book 
 publishers a large number of portraits and some subject 
 plates. He generally worked in line and was a very 
 good engraver. 
 
 ROLLINSON, CHARLES 
 
 C. Rollinson was an engraver and copperplate printer 
 in New York in 1808-32, dying in the latter year. He 
 was probably a son, or other near relative, of William 
 Rollinson, as his address for a considerable time was No. 
 28 John St., the same as that of William Rollinson. The 
 only plates found by the compiler, and signed by C. 
 Rollinson as engraver, represent architectural subjects, 
 diagrams, etc. 
 
 ROLLINSON, WILLIAM 
 
 Born in Dudley, Staffordshire, England, April 15, 
 1762; died in New York, Sept. 27, 1842. Rollinson was 
 probably a silversmith and learned to engrave upon 
 plate. He came to the United States prior to 1789, as he 
 is credited with having ornamented the silver buttons on 
 the coat worn by Washington at his inauguration as 
 President. 
 
 His earliest work upon copperplate appears in the 
 American edition of Brown’s family Bible, published in 
 New York in 1792. This work is crude, though his small 
 profile of Washington—executed in 1791, according to 
 Wm. Dunlap—is a much better piece of work. Rollinson 
 
 225 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 rapidly progressed in the art of engraving, and about 
 1796 he changed his style to stipple and furnished some 
 very good portrait plates for the “Analectic” and other 
 magazines. His large plate of Alexander Hamilton is 
 said to have been commenced in 1800 and published by 
 Rollinson, and the painter, Archibald Robertson, in 
 1805. 
 
 Rollinson became interested in bank-note engraving 
 at an early date and invented a machine for ruling waved 
 lines on the margins of bank-notes. On March 18, 1811, 
 Rollinson issued a signed circular letter submitting a 
 specimen of work, of his “own invention,” which com- 
 bined all the requisites for the prevention of counterfeit- 
 ing. According to his letter these requisites were “a de- 
 sign simple in appearance and obvious at a glance, yet 
 impossible to be imitated in the common mode of en-— 
 graving.” He says that to make these notes still more 
 perfect he had engaged the services of Mr. William 8S. 
 Leney to engrave the vignettes; Mr. Leney being “al- 
 lowed to be the first artist in America, and is a gentle- 
 man of very respectable rank in life.” 'This connection 
 with Leney was not a partnership; Leney furnishing the 
 vignettes only and charging separately for the copper- 
 plate and the engraving. 
 
 As an engraver the name of William Rollinson ap- 
 pears in the New York directories from 1791 to 1842; and 
 at the age of seventy he was still engraving vignettes, etc. 
 Dunlap says that F. S. Agate painted a portrait of Rol- 
 linson when that engraver was seventy-four years of 
 age; “it is an excellent likeness, which might indicate a 
 man of fifty.” An original silhouette of Rollinson, pre- 
 
 226 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 sented by him to his friend ““Weaver’’ in 1809, is in the 
 possession of the writer. 
 
 William Rollinson and his wife Mary were buried in 
 the old St. John’s Churchyard, now Hudson Park, New 
 York City, though the tombstones have been lately re- 
 moved. 
 
 ROLPH, J. A. 
 
 This reputable landscape engraver was working in 
 New York in 1834—46, and probably later. 
 
 ROMANS, BERNARD 
 
 Born in Holland about 1720; died at sea in 1784. 
 Romans was educated in England, and about 1755 he 
 came to the American Colonies as a surveyor and en- 
 gineer. He was employed for a time as a botanist and 
 explorer in Florida, and in 1775 he published a work 
 upon that Colony; and for this service he received a pen- 
 sion of £50 per year. 
 
 At the outbreak of the Revolution he entered the ser- 
 vice of the American Colonies and was present at Lex- 
 ington and Bunker Hill; according to the statement 
 made in connection with his published proposals for is- 
 suing his view of the Battle of Bunker Hill and his map 
 of Boston. Romans later was employed by the New 
 York Committee of Safety, and he made the plans for 
 and actually commenced the construction of one of the 
 forts at West Point. But failing to receive from Con- 
 gress the commission and pay of a colonel, as demanded 
 by him, he abandoned this work. On Feb. 8, 1776, he was 
 227 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 commissioned as the captain of an independent Penn- 
 sylvania artillery company, and with this command he 
 took part in the invasion of Canada. The official records 
 say that he resigned on June 1, 1778; the published biog- 
 raphies state that he was captured in 1779, was taken to 
 England, and there resumed the practice of his profes- 
 sion. In 1784 he set sail from England for the United 
 States; but he disappeared at that time, and is supposed 
 to have been murdered at sea for a considerable sum of 
 money which he was bringing to this country. 
 
 Bernard Romans is referred to in the “New York 
 Mercury” of 1775 as “the most skillful Draughtsman in. 
 all America”; though his view of the Battle of Bunker 
 Hill is anything but artistic in its composition. He en- 
 graved this view on a large scale, and this plate and 
 Romans’ “Map of the Seat of War” were published by 
 Nicholas Brooks, of Philadelphia, in September and 
 October, 1775. “An Exact View of the Late Battle of 
 Charlestown, June 17th, 1775” —to give the plate its full 
 title— was reéngraved by Robert Aitken on a small scale 
 and published in the “Pennsylvania Magazine” for 1775. 
 Aitken also engraved for the same magazine Romans’ 
 plate of the “Seat of War.” Romans’ “Concise Natural 
 History of East and West Florida” was published in 
 New York in 1775. ‘This work is illustrated by ten cop- 
 perplates engraved by the author, though several of these 
 are not signed by him. ‘The engraved work on all of the 
 plates mentioned is crude in its execution. 
 
 The “Battle of Charlestown” was reéngraved in Lon- 
 don and published there in June, 1776. While this 
 English plate is signed B. Romans Fecit, it is so much 
 
 228 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 better done than the American original that it was prob- 
 ably engraved by some one else. 
 
 ROSENTHAL, ALBERT 
 
 Born in Philadelphia, Jan. 30, 1868; son of Max 
 Rosenthal. Mr. Albert Rosenthal studied lithography 
 under his father and was at the same time a pupil at the 
 Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts. In 1884 he com- 
 menced to etch and for some years he was largely en- 
 gaged in portrait work, confining himself chiefly to the 
 reproduction of the portraits of American historical char- 
 acters. In 1889-92 he studied in Paris at the Ecole des 
 Beaux Arts, under Gerome; and upon his return to the 
 United States in the latter year he became a portrait- 
 painter, with his studio in Philadelphia. 
 
 As a painter Mr. Rosenthal has been almost constantly 
 engaged upon the portraits of men prominent in public 
 life—many of these being Pennsylvanians—and in de- 
 veloping the series of Revolutionary portraits in In- 
 dependence Hall, in Philadelphia. In the intervals of his 
 other work he still continues the etching of portraits. 
 
 ROSENTHAL, MAX 
 
 Born in Turck, Russian Poland, Nov. 23, 1838; living 
 in Philadelphia in 1906. Mr. Rosenthal studied drawing 
 and painting in Paris; he came to Philadelphia in 1849 
 and there continued his studies at the Pennsylvania 
 Academy of Fine Arts. Having been a pupil of the 
 famous Thurwanger in Paris and in Philadelphia, in 
 connection with his brother, Mr. Rosenthal established 
 himself in the lithographic business in the latter city, and 
 
 229 
 
“AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 he made notable progress in developing the then new art 
 of chromo-lithography in this country. 
 
 Upon retiring from the lithographing business, about 
 1884, Mr. Rosenthal turned his attention to etching, and 
 in connection with his son, Albert Rosenthal, he issued a 
 series of portraits of men prominent in American history. 
 In 1890 he took up the work of engraving in mezzotint; 
 and as he was already a reputable painter of portraits 
 and historical subjects, his artistic training led him to 
 engrave mezzotint portraits of exceptional merit. In 
 connection with his son, he has produced in various ways 
 and published about 800 portraits of famous Americans. 
 His latest and most notable work, done in 1903, is a copy 
 of the Stuart portrait of Washington, owned by Mr. 
 Marsden J. Perry, of Providence, R. I. 
 
 ROST, CHRISTIAN 
 
 Born in Germany and studied in Paris and in Lon- 
 don; and in the latter city he made the drawings and en- 
 graved on wood for a work describing the exhibits at the 
 London World’s Fair of 1850. It is not known when 
 Mr. Rost came to the United States, but he was engray- 
 ing very good portrait and subject plates in line in New 
 York in 1860. In 1865 he was in the employ of George 
 i. Perrine; and at a later date he was employed by the 
 American Bank Note Co. He died some years ago at 
 Mount Vernon, N. Y. | 
 
 ROTHWELL, J. 
 This man was engraving book illustrations, in a crude 
 line manner, in New York in 1841. 
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BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 RUGGLES, E., JR. 7 
 
 Was a book-plate engraver, apparently working be- 
 tween 1790 and 1800, somewhere in New England. The 
 only plate seen is that of Walter Lyon; a label with 
 peculiarly conventionalized peacock feathers used as 
 
 a border. 
 
 ST. MEMIN, CHARLES BALTHAZAR 
 JULIEN FEVRET DE 
 
 Born in Dijon, France, March 12, 1770; died there 
 June 23, 1852. St. Memin—after serving as a cadet at a 
 military school—on April 27, 1788, entered the French 
 army as anensign. At the outbreak of the French Revo- 
 lution he went to Switzerland; then to Canada in 1793, 
 and soon after came to New York. 
 
 As a means of supporting himself in this country he 
 introduced here the engraving of portraits by means of 
 the “physionotrace,” a machine invented by Edmé Que- 
 neday, of Paris, and intended to exactly reproduce on a 
 reduced scale the human profile. St. Memin made some 
 improvements upon this device, and with it he made on a 
 tinted paper a profile a little less than life size; this he 
 finished by hand and with crayons directly from the 
 sitter. With this finished crayon drawing as a guide he 
 used a pantograph of special design to still further re- 
 duce the profile, so that it would go inside a circle of 
 about two inches diameter, faintly scratching the reduced 
 drawing directly on the copperplate. This copper was 
 now etched and finished in aquatint, with some assist- 
 ance with the roulette. The result was a soft, pleasing 
 print. For the original crayon—which was ready for 
 
 231 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 framing—for the plate, and twelve impressions from 
 the plate, St. Memin charged $33. 
 
 These small portraits became very popular, and St. 
 Memin, traveling from North to South over the country, 
 produced about 800 of these small plates. He kept for 
 himself two sets of proof impressions; after his death 
 these sets were purchased from his executors and are now 
 in the United States; one in the Corcoran Gallery in 
 Washington, D. C.; the other was lately in the hands of 
 a Philadelphia collector. 
 
 St. Memin returned to France in 1810, but came back 
 to the United States two years later and remained here 
 until 1814. He then settled permanently in France, and 
 from 1817 until his death he was the director of the mu- 
 seum in his native city of Dijon. | 
 
 Other than these portraits, St. Memin etched two large 
 views of the city of New York, a map of the siege of 
 Savannah, published in the “Monthly Military Reposi- 
 tory,” C. Smith, New York, 1796, and a beautiful etched 
 business-card of Peter Mourgeon, “Copperplate printer 
 from Paris,” of New York. 
 
 SACHEVERELL, JOHN 
 The “Pennsylvania Gazette,’ Philadelphia, March 
 15-22, 1732-33, contains an advertisement for the sale 
 of a quantity of “white metal,” or pewter, tea-pots, tea- 
 spoons, etc. These are “of the newest Fashion, and so 
 very neat, as not easily to be distinguished from Silver.” 
 The importer, John Sacheverell, adds to his notice that 
 he “performs all Sorts of Engraving or Carving in Gold, 
 
 232 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 Silver, Brass, Copper or Steel, after the newest and 
 neatest manner.” 
 
 SADD, H. S. 
 
 Born in England, and was engraving good portraits 
 in mezzotint in New York in 1840. He produced quite a 
 number of plates here; but Mr. Alfred Jones says that 
 he went to Australia after a comparatively short stay in 
 the United States. 
 
 SANFORD, ISAAC 
 
 As early as 1783 Isaac Sanford engraved a music- 
 book entitled “Select Harmony. Containing the Neces- 
 sary Rules of Psalmody, together with a Collection of 
 Approved Psalm Tunes, Hymns and Anthems. By 
 _ Oliver Brownson.” Mr. James Terry, in referring to 
 
 this book, in his “Ex Libris Leaflet, No. 4,” describes the 
 title as contained in a circle of music, and the whole with- 
 in an engraving of an elaborate church interior covering 
 the entire page. The plate is signed I. Sanford, sculp. 
 1783. 
 
 On his business-card Sanford advertised himself as 
 “Miniature Painter and Engraver,” and he was engrav- 
 ing and publishing fairly well-executed stipple portraits 
 and book illustrations in Hartford, Conn., as late as 
 1822. 
 
 SARTAIN, EMILY 
 Born in Philadelphia, March 17, 1841, Emily, the 
 daughter of John Sartain, learned to engrave under the 
 tuition of her father; and she studied art under Scheus- 
 233 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 sele, in Philadelphia, and Luminais, in Paris, in 1871—75. 
 She engraved and signed a few mezzotint portraits. In 
 1881—83, Emily Sartain was the art editor of “Our Con- 
 tinent”; and in 1886 she became the principal of the 
 Philadelphia School of Design for Women. Miss Sar- 
 tain is also a painter of portraits and genre subjects, and 
 exhibited at the Paris Salon in 1875 and 1883. 
 
 SARTAIN, HENRY | 
 
 Born July 14, 1833, in Philadelphia, second son of 
 John Sartain; died there about 1895. Henry Sartain did 
 very little work as an engraver, about ten plates bear- 
 ing his name. One of his large plates, “The Capitol at 
 Washington,” was engraved about 1857, but in this 
 work he was largely assisted by his father, and the same 
 is true of his “St. Peter Delivered from Prison.” ‘Aside 
 from these he made a few book prints and portraits. 
 
 In 1866 Henry Sartain abandoned engraving alto- 
 gether, and became first part owner and then sole owner 
 of the Philadelphia establishment for printing from the 
 plates engraved by his father and others. 
 
 His wife, Marra 'Topry SARTAIN, to some small ex- 
 tent assisted John Sartain in his work; and she engraved 
 one plate—a portrait of her husband. 
 
 SARTAIN, JOHN 
 Born in London, England, Oct. 24, 1808; died in 
 Philadelphia, Oct. 25, 1897. In his “Reminiscences,” 
 recently published, Mr. Sartain says that in February, 
 1823, he was apprenticed to John Swain, a London en- 
 234 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 graver. The first plates of any consequence engraved by 
 Sartain were line illustrations for “The Early Floren- 
 tine School,” by Wm. Young Ottley, London, 1826. In 
 1827-28, Sartain was apprenticed to Henry Richter, of 
 London, and while in Richter’s employ he engraved his 
 first mezzotint plate, entitled “Omphale.” His success 
 with this plate induced him to engrave “The Tight 
 Shoe”; this plate he brought to the United States and 
 sold, in 1880, to Mr. Littell, the Philadelphia publisher. 
 At the termination of his apprenticeship Sartain com- 
 menced business for himself in London, and there en- 
 graved a portrait of Sir Charles Wilkins and some small 
 Annual plates for the Ackermans. 
 
 Hearing that there were opportunities for a mezzotint 
 engraver in the United States, Sartain, on July 4, 1830, 
 left London, with his wife, and “‘in a little over eight 
 weeks” he landed in Philadelphia. Soon after his arrival 
 here, and for the purpose of proving his ability as an en- 
 graver, he made a mezzotint plate after “Old Age,” a 
 painting by John Neagle. This was his first mezzotint 
 executed in the United States; and his first line plate 
 done here was “Deer in a Landscape,” after a painting by 
 Thomas Doughty. Mr. Sartain soon had an abundance 
 of work; and in 1843 he became the proprietor of “Camp- 
 bell’s Foreign Semi-Monthly Magazine,” and was also 
 interested in the “Eclectic Museum.” From 1841 to 1848 
 Mr. Sartain had been engraving for “Graham’s Mag- 
 azine,” and upon the collapse of that journal in the latter 
 year he became half-owner of “Sartain’s Union Mag- 
 azine,” the first number of which appeared in Jan- 
 uary, 1849; this journal was discontinued in 1852. For 
 
 235 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 all of these magazines Mr. Sartain was the art man- 
 ager and engraver, others doing the literary work. 
 During this time Mr. Sartain also painted a few good 
 portraits. : 3 
 
 After 1852 Mr. Sartain devoted himself to general 
 engraving, and his total output of engraved plates num- 
 bers about 1500. His large portrait plates are very gen- 
 erally admirable examples of mezzotint work. | 
 
 SARTAIN, SAMUEL - 
 
 Born in Philadelphia, Oct. 8, 1830; died Dec. 19, 
 1906. Samuel Sartain studied engraving under his 
 father, John Sartain, and became an admirable en- 
 graver of mezzotint portraits. About 1851 he com- 
 menced business on his own account in Philadelphia, 
 and did much work for the publishers of that period. 
 ‘He was still actively engaged in engraving in 1905. 
 
 SARTAIN, WILLIAM 
 
 Born in Philadelphia, Nov. 21, 1848; living in New 
 York in 1906. William Sartain, the son of John Sartain, 
 studied mezzotint engraving with his father and issued 
 and signed a few portrait plates. He then studied art in 
 Paris, under Bonnat and at the Ecole des Beaux Arts, 
 and became a reputable painter of landscape. 
 
 Mr. Sartain was one of the founders of the Society of 
 American Artists; is an Associate of the National Acad- — 
 emy of Design; was president of the New York Art 
 Club, and was lately a teacher in the life class of the Art 
 Students’ League of New York. 
 
 236 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 SAULNIER, H. E. 
 
 Saulnier was a script and letter engraver working in 
 Philadelphia in 1880-40. He engraved one of the early 
 certificates of membership of the Franklin Institute, of 
 that city. 
 
 SAVAGE, EDWARD 
 
 Born in Princeton, Mass., Nov. 26, 1761; died there 
 July 6, 1817. Savage was originally a goldsmith; but as 
 early as 1789 he turned his attention to portrait-painting. 
 He went to London and probably there learned to en- 
 grave in stipple and in mezzotint; as his engraved por- 
 trait of Gen. Knox was published in that city in 1791, 
 and his Washington prints were issued in the same city 
 in 1792-93. His engraved work is good and highly 
 prized. 
 
 Savage returned to the United States about 1794, as 
 on Oct. 18, 1794, he was married in Boston to Sarah — 
 Seaver. Soon after this date he settled in Philadelphia 
 where his brother John Savage had established himself 
 as a merchant. In 1795 he exhibited the first panorama 
 ever seen in that city, and he apparently remained in 
 Philadelphia, publishing prints at intervals, until 1801: 
 his name disappears from the directory in that year. He 
 then seemingly went to New York, and from there to 
 Boston and to Princeton. 
 
 While little is known of the later life of Edward Sav- 
 age, the most complete sketch of his life is contained in 
 a paper presented to the Massachusetts Historical So- 
 ciety on Jan. 12, 1905, by Mr. Charles Henry Hart. Mr. 
 Hart denies the story, started by William Dunlap, that 
 
 237 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 David Edwin and others largely assisted Savage in his 
 work as an engraver. 
 
 SAVORY, —— 
 
 This name is appended as engraver to a somewhat 
 crudely executed line-engraving of “Trinity Church, 
 Pittsburgh. Founded 4.p. 1824.” ‘The plate is signed 
 Savory Sc. Pitt. There is no date, but appearances 
 would indicate that the work was done about 1830-40. 
 
 SAX TON, JOSEPH 
 
 Born in Huntington, Pa., March 22, 1790; died in 
 Washington, D. C., Oct. 26, 1873. Saxton was not an 
 engraver, though he devised a medal-ruling machine, 
 among his other many inventions. While he was the 
 constructor and curator of the standard weighing ap- 
 paratus in the U. S. Mint, in Philadelphia, in 1842, he 
 - produced two beautifully executed portraits by means of 
 this machine. These are portraits of Franklin Peale and 
 Dr. R. M. Patterson; they are inscribed “Modelled by 
 J. G. Chapman; Electrotyped by Franklin Peale; En- 
 graved with the Medal-ruling machine by Jos. Saxton, 
 Mint of the United States, 1842.” They are admirable 
 pieces of work of this type. 
 
 Previous to this date, medal-ruling had been done di- 
 rectly from the original medal, with the disadvantage of 
 copying all its dents, scratches, or other imperfections; 
 or there was the possibility of injuring a valuable medal 
 by scratching it with the tracer. Then a shellac cast of 
 the original was copied by the machine; but this device 
 failed owing to the shellac model being liable to puncture 
 
 238 3 
 
. 
 Ra 
 ~ 
 
 HON. JAMES BOWDO 
 
; 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 by the tracing-point, thus producing false lines upon the 
 plate being engraved. To avoid these difficulties, in- 
 herent in the older methods, Saxton made an electrotype 
 copy of the original and used that as a model in the ma- 
 chine. As this model was copper, it could not be punc- 
 tured, and any imperfections in the original could be 
 corrected in the model; it provided a smooth, hard and 
 true surface for the tracing-point, and produced a per- 
 fect copy. 
 
 SCACKTI, FRANCISCO 
 
 This name is signed to a large but very crudely drawn 
 and etched view of the “Battle of New Orleans.” It is 
 seemingly contemporaneous with the battle in date: and 
 the only impression seen has the second state of the plate 
 printed on the back of the first impression. It is difficult 
 to determine, however, whether Scacki is the engraver or 
 the publisher of the plate, or both. The form of the 
 signature is as follows: Francisco Scacki—Copy Right 
 Secured. 
 
 SCHLECHT, CHARLES | 
 
 Born in Stuttgart, Germany, in 1843; living in New 
 York in 1905. Charles Schlecht was brought to the 
 United States by his parents in 1852, and was appren- 
 ticed to the American Bank Note Company in 1859; and 
 he also received instructions in his profession from 
 Charles Burt and Alfred Jones. 
 
 Mr. Schlecht has made bank-note engraving his prin- 
 cipal occupation, working in New York City and at the 
 Bureau of Engraving and Printing in Washington, 
 
 239 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 D.C. But he has also produced some admirable portrait 
 and subject plates for the publishers. Two of his large 
 plates, executed in pure line, are especially worthy of 
 note. These are “Eyes to the Blind,” after a painting by 
 A. F. Bellows, and “The Wish,” after a painting by 
 Percy Moran. These plates are 18 x 24 ins., and 16 x 27 
 ins., respectively. 
 
 SCHOFYF, P. R. 
 
 An excellent portrait in pure line, that of. Robert 
 Baird, after a painting by G. P. R. Healy, is thus signed. 
 No other work has been found signed by this man; and 
 it is possible that the signature is a letter engraver’s 
 error for the above. 
 
 SCHOFF, STEPHEN ALONZO 
 
 Born in Danville, Vt., Jan. 16, 1818; died at Brandon, 
 Vt., in 1905. When Mr. Schoff was about eight years of 
 age his parents removed—first to Bradford, on the Mer- 
 rimac, and later to Newburyport, Mass., selecting the 
 latter place for its superior schools. Stephen Alonzo 
 Schoff was one of a family of six children, and when he 
 was sixteen years old he was sent to Boston and there in-- 
 dentured for five years to Oliver Pelton, an engraver of 
 that city. Dissatisfied with the progress he was making, 
 at the end of about three years, and with the consent of 
 Mr. Pelton, Mr. Schoff became a pupil of Joseph An- 
 drews; and to this admirable line-engraver, says Mr. 
 Schoff in a personal letter, “I owe more than can ever be 
 repaid.” 
 
 With Mr. Andrews he went to Paris in 1840, and both 
 young men there worked for a time in the studio of Paul 
 
 240 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 Delaroche, drawing from the nude. Mr. Schoff returned 
 to the United States in 1842, and was at once employed 
 by a bank-note engraving company in New York. About 
 this time, “with the kind aid of Mr. A. B. Durand,” he 
 commenced his folio plate of “Caius Marius on the 
 Ruins of Carthage,” after the painting by J. Vander- 
 lyn; this Mr. Schoff considered his best plate. Mr. 
 Schoff engraved a large number of portraits for various 
 publications; but among his large plates may be men- 
 tioned the following: “The Bathers,” after the painting 
 by Wm. Hunt; the portrait of R. W. Emerson, after S. 
 W. Rowe; his portrait of William Penn, in armor, en- 
 graved for the Pennsylvania Historical Society; a ma- 
 rine piece, after De Haas; and an etching for the Phila- 
 delphia Art Club, from a painting by Mr. Tarbell, of 
 Boston. All of these are admirable examples of engrav- 
 ing, chiefly in line. The larger part, however, of the 
 long professional life of Mr. Schoff was devoted'to bank- 
 note engraving. 
 
 SCHOFIELD, LOUIS SARTAIN 
 
 Born Aug. 4, 1868; living in 1905; a grandson of 
 John Sartain. He is an expert line-engraver and a de- 
 signer of great ability, and for some years has been in the 
 
 employ of the Bureau of Engraving and sayahweak at 
 Washington, D. C. 
 
 SCHOYER, RAPHAEL 
 Schoyer was a copperplate printer in Baltimore, Md., 
 in 1824; and in 1826 he was engraving some indifferently 
 
 executed portraits in New York. 
 241 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 SCHWARTZ, C. 
 
 In 1814 this stipple-engraver of portraits was working 
 in Baltimore, Md. His signed work is rare, but his large 
 plate of Bishop James Kemp, published in Baltimore, is 
 a capital piece of work. 
 
 SCOLES, JOHN 
 
 This engraver of portraits and subject plates was lo- 
 cated continuously in New York from 17938 until 1844. 
 He probably died in the latter year, as his address then 
 changes to “John Scoles, late engraver.” Scoles worked 
 in both line and stipple, but with indifferent success. He 
 engraved many of the views appearing in the “New 
 York Magazine” in 1793-96. At times Scoles united 
 bookselling with engraving, according to the directories. 
 
 SCOT, ROBERT 
 
 Born in England and was originally a watchmaker. 
 He appears in Philadelphia about 1783, and in that year 
 he engraved a frontispiece for a Masonicsermon preached 
 by Wm. Smith, D.D., and published by Hall & Sellers. 
 He advertised himself as “Late Engraver to the State of 
 Virginia,” and in 1785 he was paid £16 for engraving 
 done for the State of Pennsylvania. Scot engraved a 
 few fairly well-executed line portraits, including one of 
 Washington, over his own name; but as a member of the 
 firm of Scot & Allerdice he did a large amount of work 
 for Dobson’s edition of Rees’ Encyclopedia, Philadel- 
 phia, 1794-1803. On Nov. 23, 1798, Robert Scot was 
 appointed engraver to the newly established U. S. Mint 
 in Philadelphia, and he is credited with having made the 
 
 242 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 dies for the copper cent of 1793. “Poulson’s Advertiser,” 
 Philadelphia, April 28, 1806, announces the death of the 
 wife of “Robert Scot, Engraver to the Mint,” indicating 
 that he was holding that office as late as 1806. 
 
 A: portrait engraver of Edinburgh, Robert Scott by 
 name, is often confused with the Robert Scot of Phila- 
 delphia. 
 
 SCOTT, JOSEPH T. 
 
 Scott was a very good map engraver working in Phila- 
 delphia as early as 1795. He published an atlas of the 
 United States, printed in Philadelphia in 1796 by Fran- 
 cis and Robert Bailey. Scott drew and engraved the 
 maps. 
 
 SEALEY, ALFRED 
 
 Born in the United States; is said to have died in 
 Canada about 1862. Sealey was an admirable line-en- 
 graver and devoted himself to bank-note work in his later 
 life. In 1856 he was apparently working in Philadel- 
 phia, but some of his signed work is dated as early as 
 1845. In 1860 some very good line illustrations to 
 Cooper’s novels are signed Sealey & Smith Sculpt. This 
 work was done in New York and may be ascribed to 
 Alfred Sealey. 
 
 SERZ, J. 
 
 Bern in Saxony; died in Philadelphia about 1878, as 
 the result of a fall. Serz came to Philadelphia about 
 1850; he engraved several large historical plates and 
 
 243 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 furnished a number of subjects to “Sartain’s Mag- 
 azine” and other publications of that city. 
 
 SEYMOUR, JOSEPH H. 
 
 Joseph H. Seymour was in the employ of Isaiah 
 Thomas, at Worcester, Mass., as early as 1791. The 
 Bible published by Thomas in that year contains thirty- 
 two plates by Seymour, variously signed J. H., Jos. and 
 J. Seymour; and in the printer’s advertisement Thomas 
 writes: “These plates were engraved in his Office 
 (Thomas’s) in this town in 1791 . . . and the Editor 
 doubts not but a proper allowance will be made for work 
 engraved by an Artist who obtained his knowledge in 
 this country, compared with that done by European 
 Engravers who have settled in the United States.” Sey- 
 mour was thus evidently trained to his art in the United 
 States and must have been really at work in Worcester 
 previous to 1791. He engraved plates for various pub- 
 lications of Isaiah Thomas until at least 1795; and we 
 then find his engravings illustrating Hayley’s “Triumph 
 of Temper,” “Printed by John Mycall for Joseph H. 
 Seymour, Engraver, in Boston.” From 1808 until 1822 
 the directories of Philadelphia locate him in that city, 
 where he did much work for the encyclopedia published 
 by S. F. Bradford. His one ambitious portrait plate, 
 that of Governor John Hancock, was published in Jan- 
 uary, 1794, at the office of the “Worcester Gazette,” and _ 
 sold for “7s. 6d. each copy.” 
 
 SEYMOUR, SAMUEL 
 S. Seymour was an engraver of portraits, etc., located 
 in Philadelphia in 1797-1822. In 1823, as a draftsman, 
 244 
 
 ! 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 he accompanied Major Stephen H. Long on his explor- 
 ing expedition into the Yellowstone region, and nothing 
 later is known of him. 
 
 SHALLUS, FRANCIS 
 
 Died in Philadelphia, Nov. 12, 1821, “in the 48th year 
 of his age.” Shallus was born in Philadelphia and was 
 the son of Jacob Shallus, an officer in the Revolutionary 
 War. As a young man Francis Shallus was prominent 
 in local politics; and in 1805 he was captain of the First 
 Light Infantry, of Philadelphia. 
 
 His profession is given as engraver from 1797 to 1821; 
 but he was a poor workman. In 1813 Shallus conducted 
 a circulating library; and in 1817 he published a book 
 entitled “The Chronological Tables for Every Day in 
 the Year.” 
 
 SHARPE, C. W. 
 
 This line-engraver of portraits and book illustrations 
 was working in Philadelphia in 1850. There are some 
 indications that he originally came from Boston to that 
 city. ; 
 
 SHERMAN & SMITH 
 
 This firm was designing and engraving plates for the 
 New York “New Mirror” in 1841. In 1838-39 the firm 
 of Stiles, Sherman & Smith was engraving in the same 
 city. In both of these cases the Smith of the firm was 
 probably Wm. D. Smith. 
 
 SHERRATT, THOMAS 
 About 1870 a portrait engraver of this name was work- 
 
 ing for Detroit publishers. 
 245 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 SHIELDS & HAMMOND 
 
 This firm name is signed to some good landscape 
 plates published in New Orleans in 1845. Hammond is 
 - noticed elsewhere. 
 
 SHIPMAN, CHARLES 
 
 In the “New York Mercury,’ May 16, VW 68, is the 
 following: “Charles Shipman, Ivory and Hard Wood 
 Turner, . . . engraves Copper Plate, Seals, etc.” 
 
 SHIRLAW, WALTER 
 
 Born in Paisley, Scotland, Aug. 6, 1888; living in 
 New York in 1906. Walter Shirlaw was brought to New 
 York by his parents in 1840, and after he had been edu- 
 cated in that city he was apprenticed to an engraver. For 
 a time he worked at bank-note engraving, but having a 
 decided leaning toward art, he studied in the intervals of 
 business, and exhibited in 1861 at the Academy of De- 
 sign; in 1870—78 he continued his art studies in Munich 
 and other continental centers. His large painting of 
 “Sheep Shearing in the Bavarian Highlands” received 
 Honorable Mention at the Paris Exhibition of 1878. 
 
 Upon his return to the United States, Mr. Shirlaw 
 painted, etched, and designed book illustrations; and for 
 some years he was in charge of the Art Students’ League, 
 in New York. He was the first president of the Society 
 of American Artists. 
 
 SHOTWELL, H. C. 
 
 In 1853 this landscape engraver was vores for pub- 
 lishers in Cincinnati, O. 
 
 246 
 
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BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 SIMMONKE, T. 
 
 In 1814-16 Simmone was engraving a very few, but 
 good, plates for the New York publishers David Long- 
 worth and T. C. Fay. 
 
 SIMMONS, JOSEPH 
 
 The “Pennsylvania Gazette” for Jan. 3, 1765, contains 
 the following advertisement: “Joseph Simmons, En- 
 graver, from London, Cuts Coats of Arms and Cyphers 
 in Stone, Silver or Steel, for Watches. He is to be spoke 
 with at Mr. Robert Porter’s, Saddler, in Market Street, 
 opposite the Prison. N. B. As there is no other Person 
 of the same business on the Continent, he hopes to meet 
 with Encouragement.” 
 
 Simmons was evidently a seal-cutter; and the interest 
 lies in his claim to be the only one then in business in the 
 country. | 
 
 SIMPSON, M. 
 
 This stipple-engraver designed and engraved a por- 
 trait of Washington in the center of an elaborate script 
 memorial. This print was published in 1855 and is 
 signed as Designed and Engraved by S. Simpson, New 
 York. 
 
 SKINNER, CHARLES 
 This excellent banknote engraver, still in the employ 
 of the American Bank Note Company, was working in 
 New York at least as early as 1867. He engraved in 
 line a few portraits for the book publishers. | 
 247 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 SMILLIE, JAMES 
 
 Born in Edinburgh, Scotland, Nov. 28, 1807; died in 
 Poughkeepsie, N. Y., Dec. 4, 1885. James Smillie was 
 the son of a silversmith and he was first apprenticed to 
 James Johnston, a silver-engraver of his native city, and 
 he also received some instruction from Edward Mitchell, 
 a portrait engraver. In 1821 he came with his family to 
 Quebec, Canada, where his father and elder brother 
 established themselves in business as Jewelers, and James 
 worked with them for some time as a general engraver. 
 In 1827, under the patronage of Lord Dalhousie, he was 
 sent to London and to Edinburgh for instruction in en- 
 graving, but he returned to Quebec after a short time, 
 and in 1829 he went to New York. 
 
 His first plate to attract attention was done after Rob- 
 ert W. Weir’s painting of the “Convent Gate’; and in 
 1832—36 he engraved a series of plates for the “New 
 York Mirror” after paintings by Weir. In 1882 he was 
 made an Associate of the National Academy, and in 1851 
 he became an Academician. 
 
 James Smillie was an admirable line-engraver of 
 landscape, and worked largely from his own drawings. 
 But from 1861 until his death he devoted himself almost 
 solely to bank-note engraving, and he did much to bring 
 that art to its present high repute. 
 
 SMILLIE, JAMES DAVID 
 Born in New York, Jan. 16, 1833; living in 1906. 
 James David Smillie was a son of James Smillie, and 
 was trained by his father as an engraver on steel. While 
 his principal work was bank-note engraving he pro- 
 248 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 duced some excellent general work, including a series 
 of illustrations for Cooper’s novels, after designs by 
 F. O. C. Darley. He was an excellent etcher and a 
 founder of the New York Etching Club, and later its 
 president. 
 
 In 1864, after a visit to Europe, James D. Smillie 
 turned his attention to painting, and in the same year he 
 exhibited at the Academy of Design, in New York, and 
 was made an Associate of the National Academy in 
 1865; he was made an Academician in 1876. As a 
 painter in oils and water-colors he has achieved reputa- 
 tion. He was one of the founders and the president 
 (1878-79) of the American Water Color Society; he 
 was also president of the New York Etching Club. 
 
 SMILLIE, WILLIAM CUMMING 
 Born in Edinburgh, Scotland, Sept. 23, 1813; living 
 in 1899. Wm. C. Smillie was a brother of James Smillie 
 and came to Canada with his father’s family in 1821. 
 After working at silver-engraving for a time in Quebec, 
 he came to New York in 1830. He early turned his at- 
 tention to bank-note engraving and was connected with 
 several bank-note companies; the last of which, Ed- 
 monds, Jones & Smillie, was later absorbed by the Ameri- 
 can Bank Note Co. In 1866 he secured a contract to en- 
 grave the paper currency of the Canadian government, 
 and for this purpose he established a bank-note engray- 
 ing company in Ottawa. In 1874 he retired from this 
 business; but in 1882 he again established an engraving 
 company in Canada, and he was still at the head of that 
 company in 1889. 
 249 ; 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 SMILLIE, WILLIAM MAIN 
 
 Born in New York, Nov. 28, 1835; died there Jan. 
 21, 1888. Wm. M. Smillie was a son of James Smillie, 
 and was early known as an expert letter-engraver. 
 He was long employed by one of the firms that in 
 1857 was merged into the old American Bank Note 
 Co.; and he was connected with the old and the 
 present American company until his death, having 
 been general manager of the present organization for 
 some years. 
 
 SMITH, C. H. 
 
 In 1855—60 this capital line-engraver of portraits and 
 book illustrations was working in Philadelphia and in 
 New York. 
 
 SMITH, G. 
 
 This name is signed to well-executed script bill-heads, 
 etc., published in 1790-1800. ‘The work was done in 
 New York. 
 
 SMITH, GEORGE GIRDLER 
 
 Born at Danvers, Mass., about the close of the 
 eighteenth century; died in Boston about 1858. He was 
 probably a pupil of Abel Bowen, the Boston engraver, 
 as he was in Bowen’s employ in 1815 as an engraver. 
 Little is known about G. G. Smith until 1830, when, in 
 connection with William B. Annin, he was in the gen- 
 eral engraving business in Boston, working under the 
 firm name of Annin & Smith. Mr. Smith was early inter- 
 
 250 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 ested in lithography, and visited Paris for instruction 
 and material; but for some reason he failed in his efforts 
 to establish himself in that business. Later, he was en- 
 gaged in the bank-note engraving business with Terry 
 and Pelton; and when that firm was absorbed by another 
 company, Smith resumed the general engraving business 
 with two of his former pupils, Knight and Tappan. G. 
 G. Smith engraved portraits chiefly, in both line and 
 stipple, and he did some good work. 
 
 SMITH, HEZEKIAH WRIGHT 
 
 Born in Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1828; disappeared 
 from Philadelphia in 1879, and was never heard of after- 
 ward. Smith was brought to New York when about five 
 years old, and was later apprenticed to an engraver in 
 that city. He continued his studies under Thomas Doney 
 and became a most meritorious engraver of portraits, 
 both in line and in stipple. In 1850 he was associated 
 with Joseph Andrews in Boston; and in 1870-77 he was 
 employed in New York. 
 
 In 1877 H. W. Smith established himself in Phila- 
 delphia and did considerable work in that city, but in 
 April, 1879, he suddenly abandoned engraving, sold all 
 his effects and left that city and was never heard of again. 
 Among his more important plates are the following: A 
 full length of Daniel Webster, after the portrait by 
 Chester Harding; a three-quarter length of Edward 
 Everett, and his head of Washington after the Athe- 
 nzum head by Stuart; this latter is said to be the best 
 engraving of this famous portrait ever made. 
 
 251 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 SMITH, JOHN RUBENS 
 
 Born in England about 1770; died in New York City, 
 Aug. 21, 1849. Tuckerman, in his “Book of the Artists,” 
 says that John Rubens Smith was the son of the famous 
 English engraver John Raphael Smith (1740-1811). 
 John R. Smith was working as an engraver in Boston in 
 1811, and in 1816 he was in New York, painting por- 
 traits, engraving, and conducting a drawing-school. He 
 remained in New York until 1826; and then possibly 
 went to Philadelphia, as he was engraving and teaching 
 drawing in that city in 1835-87. He again appears in 
 New York in 1845 and once more opened his school. 
 Among his known pupils were Sully, Agate, Cummings, 
 Leutze, and Swain R. Gifford. In noting his death the 
 “Historic Annals of the National Academy of Design” 
 describes Smith as “short in figure, with a large head, 
 peculiar one-sided gait and an indescribable expression 
 of countenance.” As an engraver he worked in stipple, 
 aquatint, and mezzotint, chiefly upon portraits; and he 
 was an experienced engraver. 
 
 SMITH, R. K. 
 
 A weak stipple portrait of Rev. John Flavel is signed 
 Engraved by R. K. Smith from an Original. This plate 
 appears as a frontispiece to “The Fountain of Life 
 Opened, Etc.,” by Rev. John Flavel, and it was pub- 
 lished by Joseph Martin, Richmond, Va., 1824. Noother 
 example of the work of the engraver has been found. 
 
 SMITH, SIDNEY L. 
 
 Born in Foxboro, Mass., June 15, 1845; living in 
 1906. In 1847 his father removed to Canton, Mass., 
 252 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 which place has since been the home of the subject of 
 this sketch. In August, 1863, Sidney L. Smith was 
 placed with Reuben Carpenter, a commercial engraver, 
 to learn that business; but in the early part of 1864 Mr. 
 Smith enlisted in the Union army and saw some service 
 at the close of the Civil War. Upon returning to peace- 
 ful pursuits, he entered the engraving establishment of 
 Joseph Andrews, in Boston. Under the general super- 
 vision of Mr. Andrews, Mr. Smith and Mr. Thomas D. 
 Kendricks reproduced on steel the original etchings, and 
 the original woodcuts as well, issued in England for an 
 edition of Dickens’ works. As Mr. Andrews was not an 
 _ etcher and had little liking for this class of work, the 
 young men were left pretty much to their own devices in 
 a task that a them for about two and one half 
 years. 
 
 Upon the SA eictior of this work Mr. Smith opened 
 an engraving establishment of his own, and for some 
 time was engaged with such work as he could secure. In 
 1877 Mr. John La Farge, who had previously tried to 
 induce Mr. Smith to abandon engraving for painting, 
 invited the latter to assist him in the decoration of 
 Trinity Church, in Boston; and as an assistant to Mr. 
 La Farge, Mr. Smith was engaged in this work until 
 1883; and until 1887 he was chiefly employed in the de- 
 signing of stained glass windows and in work of a 
 decorative character. 
 
 In 1887 Mr. Smith made some etchings for Mr. Clar- 
 ence Cook; and finding that others desired work of a 
 similar character he has continued etching and designing 
 for engravers, etc., since that date. Though Mr. Smith 
 
 253 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 has produced exceptionally good and artistic work as an 
 etcher, his experience as an engraver proper has been 
 confined to the early part of his professional career, and 
 covers a comparatively brief period. 
 
 SMITH, WILLIAM D. 
 
 In 1829 this capital line-engraver was working in 
 Newark, N. J., and he was possibly a pupil of Peter 
 Maverick. From 1835 to 1850 Wm. D. Smith was in 
 business as a general engraver in New York City. 
 
 SMITHER, JAMES . 
 
 According to all the data available, this engraver in 
 line, and in a somewhat peculiar stipple manner, first ap- 
 pears in this country in Philadelphia in 1768, when he 
 was engraving for Robert Bell, a publisher and book- 
 seller of that city. He then advertises his business as 
 follows in the “Pennsylvania Journal” of April 21, 
 1768: 2 
 “James Smither. Engraver. At the first house in 
 Third-street, from the Cross-Keys, corner of Chesnut- 
 street, Philadelphia. Performs all manner of Engravy- 
 ing in gold, silver, copper, steel and all other metals: 
 coats of arms, and seals, done in the neatest manner. 
 Likewise cuts stamps, brands and metal cuts for printers, 
 and ornamental tools for book-binders. He also orna- 
 ments guns and pistols, both engraving and inlaying sil- 
 ver, at the most reasonable rates.” 
 
 This advertisement would seem to justify the tradition 
 that he was originally an ornamenter of guns and a gun- 
 smith, working in the Tower of London previous to his 
 
 254 
 
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 arrival in Philadelphia. He did considerable engraving 
 for Robert Bell, mentioned above; engraved book-plates 
 and bill-heads; and he is credited with having engraved 
 the plates for some of the paper money of the Province 
 of Pennsylvania, and then having counterfeited this 
 money for the use of the enemy during the British occu- 
 pation of Philadelphia. In any event, a proclamation 
 was issued by the Supreme Executive Council of Penn- 
 sylvania, on June 25, 1778, accusing Smither and others 
 of having “knowingly and willingly aided and assisted 
 the enemies of this state and the U. S. of America,” and 
 declaring all of them attainted of high treason. Smither 
 evidently left Philadelphia with the British troops, as he 
 was working for Hugh Gaine in New York in 1777; and 
 he advertises himself as an engraver, “late of Philadel- 
 phia,” in Rivington’s “Royal Gazette” of May 22, 1779. 
 
 He returned to Philadelphia, as in 1786 he was en- 
 graving for publishers of that city; and the name of 
 “James Smither, engraver and seal-cutter’” appears in 
 the Philadelphia directories for 1791-1800, 1802-19, and 
 in 1828-24. Unfortunately, there was a James Smither, 
 Jr., also an engraver, and the directories make no dis- 
 tinction between the father and son. The elder James 
 Smither was certainly engraving after 1800, but he prob- 
 ably died soon after that date. 
 
 SMITHER, JAMES, JR. 
 
 As mentioned in the preceding sketch, there is some 
 difficulty in disentangling these two names. The evidence 
 of the existence of a “James Smither, Jr.,” lies in the - 
 occurrence of this name among the professional members 
 
 255 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 of the Philadelphia Association of Artists, organized on 
 Dec. 28, 1794; and plates of birds so signed are among 
 the illustrations in Dobson’s edition of Rees’ Encyclo- 
 pedia, published in Philadelphia in 1794-1803. In the 
 same work, however, plates almost identical in character 
 are signed “James Smither” and “James Smither, Jr.”; 
 and it is possible that the elder Smither having died in 
 the interval of publication, the son used both forms of 
 name. The directories make no distinction between 
 father and son and give no clue. The probability is that 
 the elder Smither died soon after 1800, and it was the 
 son who was working until 1824, fifty-six years after 
 the appearance of the James Smither of 1768. 
 
 The name of James Smither, Jr., as engraver, has only 
 been found by the compiler in Dobson’s encyclopedia; 
 the work is in line. A James Smither, probably the son, 
 ‘was an officer in one of the Pennsylvania militia regi- 
 ments in 1776-77. | | 
 
 SNYDER, H. W. 
 
 Snyder was engraving in New York in 1797-1805; 
 and in 1811 he made some good stipple portraits for the 
 “Polyanthos,” of Boston. He usually signed his plates 
 “Snyder,” but one plate, published in Boston in 1807, is 
 signed as above. As “H.W. Snyder” he also made a 
 number of the line illustrations in “The American Build- 
 er’s Companion,” published in Boston in 1816. — 
 
 SOPER, R. F. ! 
 This meritorious engraver of portraits in stipple was 
 employed by New York publishers as early as 1831; he 
 256 
 
 EE ee” ee eee a eke a Cae aes 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 worked largely for J. C. Buttre, of the same city, at a 
 later period. 
 
 SPARROW, T. - 
 
 Plates for Maryland paper money, issued in 1770-74, 
 are conspicuously signed 7. Sparrow, Sculp. Sparrow 
 also engraved upon copper the title-page to “The Dep- 
 uty Commissary’s Guide of Maryland,” published by 
 Anne Catherine Green & Son, Annapolis, Md., 1774. 
 
 Sparrow was largely a wood-engraver, and thus made 
 book-plates, head- and tail-pieces, bill-heads, etc. He 
 was located in Annapolis, Md.; and Mr. Charles Dexter 
 Allen, in his “American Book-Plates,” says that he 
 worked there between 1765 and 1780. 
 
 SPENCELEY, J. WINFRED 
 
 Born in Boston, Mass., in 1865; living there in 1906. 
 Mr. Spenceley learned to engrave with J. A. Lowell & 
 Co., of Boston, and was with that firm in 1882-87, doing 
 lettering and ornamental steel and copperplate engrav- 
 ing with the intention of devoting himself to bank-note 
 work. He was at the same time attending the art school 
 of 'Tomasso Juglaris, in Boston. In 1887 he went into 
 business for himself, and while perfecting himself in free- 
 hand drawing he took up etching. In 1901—03 he was 
 with the Western Bank Note Co., of Chicago; and he 
 was later associated with the bank-note company of E. 
 Bouligny y Cie, of the city of Mexico. 
 
 While in the employ of J. A. Lowell & Co., Mr. Spen- 
 celey worked upon several book-plates, including one of | 
 Oliver Wendell Holmes. The freedom of design and the 
 
 257 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 variety incidental to book-plate work appealed to him, 
 and he later made a specialty of this branch of engray- 
 ing, designing as well as engraving the plates. Among 
 the more important book-plates made by Mr. Spenceley 
 may be noted the following: The plate for the Boston 
 Public Library and those for Harvard, Dartmouth, 
 Michigan, Ohio State, and Missouri universities. In ad- 
 dition to these he has designed and engraved about one 
 hundred and fifty plates for other libraries and for pri- 
 vate individuals. A. descriptive catalogue of Mr. Spen- 
 celey’s book-plates has been published by W. P. Trues- 
 dell, Boston, 1905. 
 
 SPENCER, ASA 
 
 Born in New England; died in England April 1, 
 1847. In 1815 Spencer was a member of the bank-note 
 engraving firm of Murray, Draper, Fairman & Co. of 
 Philadelphia. He invented a process for applying lath- 
 work to bank-note engraving, made improvements in the 
 medal-ruling machine, and introduced other devices con- 
 nected with the manufacture of bank-notes. As men- 
 tioned in the note on Gideon Fairman, he accompanied 
 Fairman and Perkins to England in 1817. But Spencer 
 returned to Philadelphia, and later he published a few 
 book illustrations made by his medal-ruling machine; he 
 was also a member of the bank-note engraving firm of 
 Draper, Underwood, Bald & Huffy, of Philadelphia. 
 
 SPENCER, W. H. 
 This engraver of landscape, in line, was working in 
 New York in 1825. 
 258 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 STALKER, E. 
 
 Well-engraved vignettes so signed are found in Phila- 
 delphia publications of 1815. There was an E. Stalker 
 engraving in London in 1801 and again in 1828; it is 
 possible that he was located in Philadelphia for a short 
 
 time. Several of the plates noted are designed by C. R. 
 Leslie. 
 
 STEEL, ALFRED B. 
 
 This engraver of subject plates was working for 
 _“Sartain’s Magazine” in 1850. 
 
 STEEL, J. 
 In 1850 J. Steel was doing very good work for “Sar- 
 tain’s Magazine.” He was an engraver of buildings, etc. 
 
 STEEL, JAMES W. 
 
 Born in Philadelphia in 1799; died there June 30, 
 1879. Steel was a pupil of the Philadelphia engravers 
 Benjamin Tanner and George Murray; and for a time 
 he was engaged in bank-note engraving for Tanner, Val- 
 lance, Kearney & Co. Later, he became an accomplished 
 line-engraver and produced a number of portraits, land- 
 scape, and Annual plates. Steel was working over his 
 own name in 1820; at a later period in his professional 
 life he was chiefly employed upon bank-note work. 
 
 STEEPER, JOHN 
 According to an advertisement in the “Pennsylvania 
 Gazette,” March 25, 1762, John Steeper was engraving 
 “in all its branches” in Philadelphia. Westcott, in his 
 259 
 
ag ee 
 
 AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 “Philadelphia,” says that the first important copperplate 
 published in Philadelphia, in 1775, was “A Southeast 
 Prospect of the Pennsylvania Hospital with the eleva- 
 tion of the intended plan.” He goes on to say that Mont- 
 gomery and Winters drew it; it was engraved by J. 
 Steeper and H. Dawkins, and was printed and sold by 
 Robert Kennedy, of Philadelphia. | 
 
 In the “Pennsylvania Gazette,” Oct. 22, 1761, Robert 
 Kennedy, copperplate printer, advertises as follows: “A 
 Prospective View of the Pennsylvania Hospital, taken 
 by Messieurs Winters and Montgomery for the sub- — 
 scriber (with the Approbation of the Managers of the 
 said Hospital) which is now engraving and may be ex- 
 pected in two weeks.” This is doubtless the print referred 
 to by Westcott as issued in 1755. James Claypoole’s — 
 “Perspective View” of the hospital was also published 
 in 1761; but it differs widely from the print of ‘Steeper 
 and Dawkins. Unfortunately, the only example of this 
 latter engraving seen by the writer is somewhat muti- 
 lated, the engravers’ names appearing as J. Steeper & 
 H. Dawkins . . . It however contains the names of 
 Montgomery and Winter Del. and the Printed and Sold 
 by Rob' Kennedy Philad*. 
 
 STILES, SAMUEL 
 
 From 1880 to 1860 this line-engraver was employed in 
 New York upon both bank-notes and general engray- 
 ings. Stiles probably came from Utica, N. Y., as in 
 1830 he went to New York with Vistus Balch, of Utica, 
 and they worked together for some time under the firm 
 name of Balch & Stiles. 
 
 260 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 STODART, G. 
 
 A. well-engraved portrait of David Stoner, in stipple, 
 is signed by G. Stodart. It was apparently published 
 about 1835, but as G. Stodart also engraved a portrait of 
 Washington, published in London, he may have been an 
 English engraver. David Stoner, however, seems to have 
 been an American, and his portrait was published in the 
 United States. 
 
 STONE, HENRY 
 
 In 1826 this line-engraver was working in Washing- 
 ton, D. C. He was doubtless connected with the Mr. 
 and Mrs. W. J. Stone here referred to—possibly a son. 
 
 Henry Stone drew upon stone for lithographers of 
 Washington, D. C. 
 
 STONE, WILLIAM J. 
 
 In 1822 this excellent engraver of portraits in stipple 
 and etcher of buildings, etc., was located in Washington, 
 D. C., possibly in Government employ. A map of Wash- 
 ington, published in 1840 by Wm. D. Morrison, is signed 
 Eng’d by Mrs. W. J. Stone. There is an excellent en- 
 graved portrait of Wm. J. Stone. 
 
 STORM, G. F. 
 
 Born in England and came to Philadelphia about 
 1834. Storm was an admirable engraver of portraits in 
 stipple; he was also a good etcher. Though his stay in 
 the United States is said to have been a short one, he 
 engraved a considerable number of American portraits. 
 
 | 261 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 STORY, THOMAS C. 
 
 This general engraver of portraits and historical plates 
 was in business in New York in the period 1837-44. 
 The firm of Story & Atwood was engraving in the same 
 city in 1848. 
 
 STOUT, GEORGE H. 
 
 The New York directories for 1830-50, inclusive, 
 contain this name as an “engraver of cards, seals and 
 door-plates.” 
 
 STOUT, JAMES D. 
 This man was a map engraver of 1813, apparently 
 living in New York. 
 
 . STOUT, JAMES V. 
 
 James V. Stout was in business in New York in 
 1834-88, as a general engraver and die-sinker. He en- 
 graved some good landscape plates. 
 
 STRICKLAND, WILLIAM 
 
 Born in Philadelphia in 1787; died in Nashville, 
 Tenn., April 7, 1854. Strickland studied architecture 
 under Benjamin H. Latrobe; but in 1809 he took up 
 portrait-painting, designing for engravers, and engrav- 
 ing in aquatint. In this manner he produced a few por- 
 traits and a number of views illustrating events in the 
 War of 1812. 
 
 About 1820 Strickland resumed practice as an archi- 
 tect, and among the buildings designed by him in Phila- 
 
 262 
 
geet el a en PR ae! wee 
 erties | teres fp et > 
 
THE HON. TAPPING REBVE: 
 
 ublishit by Cw, Catlin, fro the ently portrait of hire in ertglence > Newlurke, ily. 
 
us 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 delphia were the Masonic Hall, U. S. Mint, Bank of the 
 United States, the new Chestnut Street and the Arch 
 Street theaters, and the Merchants’ Exchange. With 
 the advent of railway building in the United States, 
 Strickland began to practise as a civil engineer, and he 
 became as famous as an engineer as he had deservedly 
 been as an architect. His latest public work, however, 
 was in the line of his original profession; he was the 
 architect for the State-house in Nashville, Tenn., and 
 died while this work was in progress. By a vote of the 
 Tennessee Legislature his body was deposited in a crypt 
 built for that purpose beneath the State-house. 
 
 As early as 1818 Strickland made an ambitious design 
 for “a grand national monument to be commemorative 
 of the illustrious Washington.” This monument was to 
 be erected in Washington city. 
 
 STUART, F. T. 
 This good engraver of portraits was working in 1850; 
 and at a much later date he was located in Boston. 
 
 SWETT, C. A. 
 
 This name as engraver is signed to maps published 
 in Boston in 1860—65. He engraved several plans of 
 the city of Boston. 
 
 TANNER, BENJAMIN 
 Born in New York City, March 27, 1775; died in Bal- 
 timore, Md., Nov. 14, 1848. Tanner’s master is un- 
 known, but he was engraving in New York in 1792, and 
 263 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 was possibly one of the pupils of Peter R. Maverick, of 
 that city. He remained in New York until 1805, and in 
 that. year his name first appears in the Philadelphia 
 directories, and he remained continuously in that city 
 until 1845, when he apparently removed to Baltimore. 
 In 1811, with his brother Henry S. Tanner, he com- 
 menced business as a general engraver and map pub- 
 lisher; in 1816—24 he was a member of the engraving 
 firm of Tanner, Vallance, Kearny & Co.; in 1837 he 
 changed his business to that of “stereographer,” using 
 steel plates for the production of checks, drafts, notes, | 
 and other mercantile paper. 
 
 As an engraver ‘Tanner worked in both line and stip- 
 ple. He produced some excellent large plates, of por- 
 traits and historical subjects, especially views relating to — 
 the Revolution and the War of 1812. Tanner engraved 
 some plates in connection with W. R. Jones. 
 
 The original subscription prices of some of the large 
 engravings published by Benjamin Tanner are indi- 
 cated in the prospectuses published by him in the news- 
 papers of the day. His “Perry’s Victory” is advertised 
 in the “Columbian Centinel,’’ Boston, March 9, 1814. It 
 was intended as a companion print to the “Capture of 
 the Macedonian,” by B. Tanner, and “Mr. 'Tiebout’s 
 Guerriere.” The price of “Perry’s Victory” was $5 to 
 subscribers; and any one who had previously secured the 
 “Capture of the Macedonian” could have the “Victory” 
 for $4. The “Surrender of Cornwallis,” engraved by 
 Tanner, Vallance, Kearny & Co., after a drawing by J. 
 F. Renault, and published in 1824, cost subscribers $12, 
 with an additional $3 for the accompanying “Plan.” In 
 
 264 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 the latter case non-subscribers were warned that when 
 the subscription closed the prices would be $15 and $5 
 respectively. 
 
 TANNER, HENRY S. 
 
 Born in New York City in 1786; died there in 1858. 
 In 1811 Henry S. Tanner was in business in Phila- 
 delphia as a partner of his brother Benjamin, and about 
 this time he engraved outline illustrations for some of 
 the magazines of that city, though he was chiefly en- 
 gaged upon map and chart work. The “Port Folio” of 
 1815 credits Henry S. Tanner with having invented a 
 process of bank-note engraving which was intended to 
 increase the difficulties of counterfeiting. He produced 
 effects by white lines on a black ground, very ToS! in 
 form and intricate in character. 
 
 In 1843, Henry S. Tanner removed to New York hea 
 there engaged in the engraving and publishing of maps, 
 charts, etc. He contributed geographical and statistical 
 articles to various periodicals, and published guide-books 
 for a half-dozen sections of the United States. ‘Tanner 
 was made a member of the Geographical societies of 
 London and Paris, when this distinction was rare among 
 Americans. 
 
 TAPPAN, W. H. 
 
 Tappan was an engraver of portraits in mezzotint 
 about 1840; and he engraved some line plates, in con- 
 junction with Joseph Andrews, in Boston. He was 
 doubtless the Tappan referred to in the sketch of Geo. 
 
 265 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 G. Smith, as his partner in the engraving business in 
 Boston. 
 
 TAYLOR, T. 
 
 Good landscape plates, done in line and published in 
 New York in 1860, are so signed. ‘Taylor was possibly 
 a bank-note engraver, as little of his signed work is seen. 
 
 TEEL, E. 
 
 Born in the United States about 1880; died in 
 Hoboken, N. J., before 1860. 'Teel was an excellent line- 
 engraver of portraits and landscape. After being em- 
 ployed for some time in New York, he was working for 
 Cincinnati publishers in 1854. 
 
 TERRIL, ISRAEL 
 
 Israel Terril arranged the music, engraved the title- 
 page and music, and printed and sold a music-book en- 
 titled ““Vocal Harmony, No. 1, Calculated for the use of 
 Singing Schools and Worshipping Assemblies.” ‘The im- 
 print is “Newhaven, West Society, Engrav’d Printed 
 and Sold by the Author (Israel Terril)”; and the 
 work was copyrighted “21 Aug. in 30" year of Inde- 
 pendence,” or in 1806. For the note on this engraving 
 the compiler is indebted to the courtesy of Mr. A. C. 
 Bates, of the Connecticut Historical Society. 
 
 TERRILL BROS. 
 
 These twin brothers were mezzotint-engravers, and. 
 came from Canada to the United States about 1868, and 
 returned to England about two years later. ‘They were 
 
 266 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 pupils of Simmons, of London, and mainly engraved 
 large plates of fancy subjects. 
 
 TERRY, W. D. 
 
 In 1836, in connection with Oliver Pelton, Terry 
 founded the “Bank Note Company of Boston.” The firm 
 of Terry, Pelton & Co. also did general engraving in the 
 same city. Terry himself was a bank-note engraver, and 
 some of his early vignettes are signed at Providence, 
 
 R. I. 
 
 THACKARA, 
 
 This signature as engraver is signed to a copperplate 
 frontispiece to “The Instructor, or Young Man’s Best 
 Companion, etc.,” by Geo. Fisher, published by Isaac 
 Collins, Burlington, N. J., 1775. No other example has 
 been seen of this man’s work; and it is barely possible 
 that the plate referred to was engraved by the sailor 
 father of James Thackara. It is poor in execution. 
 
 THACKARA, JAMES 
 
 Born in Philadelphia, March 12, 1767; died there 
 Aug. 15, 1848. James Thackara was the son of James 
 Thackara, Sr., who settled in Philadelphia in 1764, after 
 having served many years as a seaman in the British 
 navy. Young James was apprenticed to James Trench- 
 ard to learn engraving; and he later married Hannah 
 Trenchard, his preceptor’s daughter. 
 
 In 1794 Thackara was a partner of John Vallance in 
 the engraving business in Philadelphia; and Thackara’s 
 name as engraver appears in the directories from 1791 
 
 267 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 to 1838. His work was done entirely in line and was 
 confined to subject plates. He published, in 1814, 
 “Thackara’s Drawing Book, for the Amusement and 
 Instruction of Young Ladies and Gentlemen.” For 
 some time after 1826 Thackara was the keeper of the 
 Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts. A very good 
 three quarter length seated oil portrait of James Thack- 
 ara is in the possession of his grandson, James Thackara, 
 of Lancaster, Pa. | 
 
 THACKARA, WILLIAM W. 
 
 Born in Philadelphia, Feb. 9, 1791; died there April 
 19, 1839; son of James Thackara. The son was a pupil 
 of his father; and in 1882 they constituted the firm of 
 Thackara & Son, general engravers in Philadelphia. 
 
 THEW, ROBERT 
 
 Born in England; came to the United States about 
 1850; and returned to England about 1865. Robert 
 Thew worked in New York and in Cincinnati, and was a 
 clever engraver of landscapes. | 
 
 THOMPSON, 
 Some poorly drawn and poorly engraved subject 
 
 plates are thus signed. They were aaa = in New 
 York in 1884. 
 
 ~ THOMPSON, D. G. 
 Born in England; died in New York about 1870. 
 Thompson spent a considerable part of his early life in 
 
 India with a brother who held some official position in 
 268 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 that country. He was engraving in New York in 1856, 
 working on portraits and landscapes. He was a good 
 water-color artist. | 
 
 THOMPSON, J. D. 
 
 In 1860 this capital line-engraver of landscapes was 
 working in New York. He was probably a bank-note 
 engraver. | | 
 
 THORNHILL, —— 
 
 This man was a music engraver on copper, located in 
 Charleston, S. C., early in the last century. 
 
 THORNTON, WILLIAM 
 Born in Tortola, West Indies, about 1761; died in 
 Philadelphia in 1827. William Thornton was educated 
 as a physician; was living in England and Scotland in 
 1781—88; and soon after the latter date he came to 
 Philadelphia, as he was elected a member of the Ameri- 
 can Philosophical Society, of that city, on Jan. 19, 1787. 
 He was a skilled architect and designed the Philadel- 
 phia library building, completed in 1790, and he later 
 superintended the erection of the original Capitol at 
 Washington. In 1802 Dr. Thornton was appointed the 
 first superintendent of the U. S. Patent Office and he 
 held that office until his death. He was prominently 
 
 identified with the scientific investigation of his day. 
 
 Portions of Dr. Thornton’s diaries, for 1780—83, are 
 preserved in the Division of Manuscripts in the Library 
 of Congress; and by the courtesy of Mr. Worthington 
 C. Ford, chief of that division, extracts from these 
 
 269 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 diaries have been furnished showing that Dr. Thornton, 
 while in England, made a serious attempt at mezzotint 
 engraving. He made various notes to this effect. On 
 April 20, 1781, he “Began to Scrape a Mezzotinto”’; on 
 Oct. 15, 1781, he “Paid for taking off my mezzotints, 
 1£. 1s.”; and “Paid Robinson for Engraving, 7s. 6d.” 
 The last entry probably refers to engraving the legend 
 under his mezzotint. In 1782 he sends “one of my Mez- 
 zotinto prints,” to various personal friends mentioned by 
 ~ name in the diary. 
 
 One of these mezzotints is preserved in the Library of 
 Congress; it is dated in 1781. It is an enlarged copy of 
 an engraved gem representing Cesar Augustus, the 
 plate being of full quarto size. The mezzotint work is 
 fairly well executed; though the hand of the amateur is 
 apparent in the modeling of the face and in the hair. The 
 plate is dedicated to his friend the Rev. Doctor Baldwin, 
 of Aldingham. It is signed “Thornton,” in Greek char- 
 acters. 
 
 THROOP, D. S. 
 In 1824 a fairly well-engraved stipple portrait of La- 
 
 fayette was published, evidently made for a Lafayette 
 badge. Itis signed D. S. Throop Sc., Utica, N. Y. 
 
 THROOP, J. V. N. 
 This man was an engraver of portraits, in line and 
 stipple, who was working for both New York and Balti- 
 
 more publishers in 1835. 
 270 
 
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BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 THROOP, O. H. 
 
 In 1825 O. H. Throop, an engraver of landscape and 
 vignettes, had his office at 172 Broadway, New York 
 City. 
 
 TIEBOUT, CORNELIUS 
 
 This engraver, who has the distinction of having been 
 
 the first American-born professional engraver to pro- 
 duce really meritorious work, is supposed to have died in 
 obscurity in Kentucky about 1830. The date of his 
 birth is equally uncertain; for while some biographers 
 state that he was born in New York in 1777, existing 
 plates engraved by Tiebout show that he was doing 
 creditable work in 1789. He was descended from a 
 Huguenot family that came to this country from 
 Holland, and held lands on the Delaware River as early 
 as 1656; they also owned property in Flatbush, Long 
 Island, in 1669. 
 
 Tiebout was apprenticed to John Burger, a silver- 
 smith of New York, and in this business he first learned 
 to engrave upon metal. He was engraving maps and 
 subject plates for New York publishers in 1789-90, and 
 fairly good line portraits in 1793. 
 
 In the latter year he went to London to seek instruc- 
 tion under abler masters than he could find in his native 
 country. He there learned to engrave in the stipple 
 manner; and on Dec. 15, 1794, he published in London a 
 large and well-executed stipple plate engraved after a 
 painting by J. Green. In April, 1796, Tiebout pub- 
 lished in London his quarto portrait of John Jay. This 
 is probably the first really good portrait engraved by an 
 
 271 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 American-born professional engraver; the mezzotint 
 work of the artists Peale and Savage not properly com- 
 ing under this category. 
 
 In November, 1796, Cornelius Tiebout was again lo- 
 cated in New York, engraving and publishing prints in 
 connection with his brother, Andrew Tiebout. His name 
 disappears from the New York directories in 1799. He 
 went to Philadelphia about that time and conducted an 
 extensive business as an engraver in that city until 1825. 
 He is said to have made considerable money in his busi- 
 ness; but he lost this in some disastrous speculation, and | 
 then went to Kentucky, about 1825, and died there about 
 five years later. 
 
 TILLER, ROBERT 
 
 There were two engravers of this name in Philadel- 
 phia, father and son. As nearly as can be ascertained, 
 the father was an engraver of landscape, working in line 
 in 1818—25; while the son engraved portraits in stipple 
 and subject plates in line in 1828-86. 
 
 TISDALE, ELKANAH 
 
 Born in Lebanon, Conn., about 1771, and was living 
 in 1884. In 1794-98 Tisdale was located in New York 
 as an “Engraver and miniature painter”; but about the 
 latter year he removed to Hartford and became a mem- 
 ber of the Graphic Co., an association of engravers, 
 though he was the designer of vignettes rather than their 
 engraver. Dunlap says that he remained in Hartford 
 until 1825; and he was designing and engraving plates 
 for Samuel F’. Goodrich, of that city, in 1820. 
 
 272 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 Tisdale worked in both line and stipple; but his plates 
 possess little merit. The earliest dated plates by Tisdale 
 known to the writer are his full-page illustrations to 
 Trumbull’s “McFingal,” published in New York in 
 1795. 
 
 Tisdale was a better designer than engraver, and he 
 claimed to be a painter in his early life, though his best 
 work was in the line of miniature portrait painting. A 
 portrait of Gen. Knox, executed by Tisdale, was lately 
 in the possession of Mr. A. H. Emmons, of Norwich, 
 Conn.; it is claimed by good authority to be an excellent 
 piece of work. 
 
 TODD, A. 
 
 This engraver etched a small bust of Washington, 
 published for the Washington Benevolent Society, Con- 
 cord, 1812. A firm of Gray & Todd engraved astro- 
 nomical plates published in Philadelphia in 1817; but it 
 can not be certainly said that the Todd is the same man 
 in both cases. 
 
 TOPHAM, 
 Well-executed landscape plates published in Cincin- 
 nati in 1852 are thus signed. 
 
 TOPPAN, CHARLES 
 Born in Newburyport, Mass., in 1796; living in 1868. 
 Toppan was a pupil of Gideon Fairman and was with 
 that engraver in Philadelphia in 1814. After domg 
 some general engraving on his own account, on the death 
 of Fairman in 1827 he became a partner in the bank- 
 273 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 note company of Draper, Toppan, Longacre & Co. ‘This 
 firm later became Toppan, Carpenter, Casilear & Co., 
 and in 1854 it was Toppan, Carpenter & Co. Having 
 removed to New York, Mr. Toppan, in 1858-60, was 
 president of the then American Bank Note Co., of that 
 city. 
 
 TORREY, CHARLES CUTLER 
 
 According to “The Annals of Salem” (Salem, Mass., 
 1849), Charles Cutler Torrey was brought to Salem by 
 his parents as an infant. He studied engraving in Phila- 
 delphia about 1815, and in 1820 he established himself in 
 that business in Salem. While he is said to have en- 
 graved a few portrait plates and some general illustra- 
 tions for the book publishers, his most notable work of 
 this period is a large and well-executed plate showing a 
 “North East View of the Several Halls of Harvard 
 College.” This print was published in Boston, in 1823, 
 by Cummings, Hilliard & Co. A companion plate, show- 
 ing a “South view of the Several Halls of Harvard Col- 
 lege,” was engraved by Annin & Smith and published by 
 the same Boston firm. Torrey left Salem in 1823 and 
 removed to Nashville, Tenn., where he died of a fever in 
 1827. 
 
 He was a brother of Manasseh Cutler Torrey, a Bor 
 trait and miniature painter of Salem. 
 
 TRENCHARD, E. C. 
 A: well-executed stipple portrait of Count Rumford 
 is signed as Drawn and Engraved by E. C. Trenchard, 
 274 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 and it appears as a frontispiece to “The Essays of Count 
 Rumford,” published by D. West, Boston, 1798. 
 
 There is some difficulty in exactly locating this E. C. 
 Trenchard, who was engraving for Boston publishers in 
 1798. An Edward Trenchard, under date of Dec. 29, 
 1794, signed an agreement in Philadelphia to establish 
 in the United States a school or academy of architecture, 
 sculpture, painting, etc.; and among the other signers to 
 this document were the American engravers James 
 Trenchard, John Vallance, ciated Fox, Robert Field, 
 and John Eckstein. 
 
 The biography of Capt. Edward Trenchard, a naval 
 officer prominent in the War of 1812, says that he was 
 _ born at Salem, Salem Co., New Jersey, in 1784; studied 
 art under the instruction of his uncle, James 'Trenchard, 
 the Philadelphia engraver, and then went to England to 
 complete his art education. But on April 30, 1800, this 
 Edward Trenchard entered the U. S. Navy as a mid- 
 shipman, and became prominent in that service, as stated. 
 He died in Brooklyn, N. Y., Nov. 3, 1824. The pictorial 
 book-plate of “Lieut. KE. Trenchard, U.S. Navy,” is de- 
 scribed by Mr. Charles Dexter Allen; but it is unsigned 
 by the engraver. 
 
 The signer of the Philadelphia agreement of 1794, 
 and the Kdward Trenchard who studied with his uncle 
 before 1793—when James Trenchard left the United 
 States—might well have been the engraver of the 
 “Count Rumford” in 1798, so far as the dates are con- 
 cerned. But the alleged date of birth of the naval officer, 
 Edward Trenchard, is 1784; and the engraving is almost . 
 too well done to have been the work of a boy of fourteen 
 
 275 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 years of age. On the other hand, this date of 1784 may 
 be in error, and the later naval officer may have engraved 
 not only the portrait in question, but his own book-plate 
 as well. 
 
 TRENCHARD, JAMES 
 
 Trenchard’s grandson, Mr. James 'Thackara, of Lan- 
 caster, Pa., says that James 'Trenchard came to Phila- 
 delphia from Penns Neck, Salem Co., N. J. He was 
 
 located in Philadelphia as an engraver and seal-cutter as ~ 
 
 early as June, 1777; and in 1787 he was the artistic mem- 
 ber of the firm that established the “Columbian Mag- 
 azine.” In 1798 Trenchard went to England and re- 
 mained there. 
 
 Dunlap says that Trenchard learned to engrave with 
 J. Smither, in Philadelphia. He engraved a few por- 
 traits and a number of views in and about Philadelphia, 
 but his work was poor. He was also a die-sinker, and 
 made the dies for the medal of the Agricultural Society 
 of Philadelphia, 1790. 
 
 James Trenchard was possibly a son or nephew of 
 George Trenchard, of Salem, N. J., who was Attorney- 
 General of West New Jersey in 1767. 
 
 TRIPLER, H. E. 
 
 About 1850-—52 this engraver of portraits and his- 
 torical plates was working for New York publishers. In 
 connection with John Bannister he engraved for “Sar- 
 tain’s Magazine,” of Philadelphia. 
 
 276 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 TUCKER, WILLIAM E. 
 
 Born in Philadelphia in 1801; died there in 1857, says 
 Mr. Baker. Tucker was a pupil of Francis Kearny, in 
 Philadelphia, and he also studied in England for a time, 
 as we find prints signed Engraved in London by W. E. 
 Tucker. 'Tucker’s name as an engraver appears con- 
 tinuously in the directories of Philadelphia from 1823 
 until 1845. 
 
 Tucker was an excellent engraver in line and in stip- 
 ple; but his best signed work is found among his small 
 Annual plates. Later in life he devoted himself almost 
 entirely to bank-note engraving. 
 
 TULLY, CHRISTOPHER 
 
 The “Pennsylvania Magazine’ for 1775 contains a 
 large copperplate of a machine for spinning wool, which 
 the text informs us “was drawn and engraved by Chris- 
 topher Tully, who first made and introduced this ma- 
 chine into this country.” While nothing more is known 
 to the compiler of ‘Tully as an engraver, the above plate 
 _ was evidently made in connection with the work of the 
 Society for Promoting American Manufacturers, organ- 
 ized in Philadelphia in 1775. To this society C. 'Tully 
 and John Hague submitted models of machines for spin- 
 ning wool and cotton goods; these two machines were 
 so similar in design that the committee appointed to 
 examine them finally decided to divide between 
 these two inventors the prize of £380 offered by the 
 society. No other engraved work by Tully is known to 
 the compiler. 
 
 | 277 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 TURNER, JAMES 
 
 As an engraver James Turner’s name first occurs 
 in Boston, Mass., signed to a curious view of Boston 
 which appears in the “American Magazine” for 1744. 
 In the “Boston Evening Post” of June 24, 1745, he ad- 
 vertises his varied accomplishments as follows: 
 
 “James Turner, Silversmith & Engraver. Near the 
 Town-House in Cornhill Boston. Engraves all sorts of 
 Copper Plates for the Rolling Press, all sorts of Stamps 
 in Brass or Pewter for the common Printing Press, 
 Coats of Arms, Crests, Cyphers, &c., on Gold, Silver, 
 Steel, Copper, Brass, or Pewter. He likewise makes 
 W atch Faces, makes and cuts Seals in Gold, Silver, or 
 Steel: or makes Steel Faces for Seals, and sets them 
 handsomely in Gold or Silver. He cuts all sorts of Steel 
 Stamps, Brass Rolls and Stamps for Sadlers and Book- 
 binders, and does all sorts of work in Gold and Silver. 
 All after the best and neatest manner and at the most 
 Reasonable Rates.” 
 
 While in Boston Turner engraved, among other 
 plates, the three large folding maps used in a “Bill 
 in the Chancery of New Jersey,” published in New 
 York in 1747 by James Parker. He also there 
 engraved a fairly good portrait of the Rev. Isaac 
 Watts. 
 
 About 1758 James Turner appears in Philadelphia as 
 an engraver and print-dealer on Arch Street; and he was 
 probably working there before this date, as he was the 
 engraver of the large map of the “Province of Pennsyl- 
 vania” published by Nicholas Scull in Philadelphia m 
 1759. He engraved several book-plates for residents of 
 
 278 
 
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 Trumbull Gallery, Yaie-Gollege, New 
 
 Entered according fo 
 
 e act of Congress in the year 1833 by James tHesrmg in the clerks office of the 
 District Court of the Southern District of N York: 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 Philadelphia; and the Penn coat of arms which appears 
 in the headline of the “Pennsylvania Gazette” of this 
 period, and signed by Turner as engraver, is probably 
 an example of the “stamps in Brass or Pewter for the 
 common Printing Press’ referred to in his advertisement 
 above. | 
 
 James Turner died in Philadelphia late in the year 
 1759, as we find in the “Pennsylvania Gazette,” of De- 
 cember, 17759, a notice of the sale of the household effects 
 of “James Turner, Engraver, deceased.” Among these 
 effects were “engraving Tools, a number of Copper- 
 plates and Pictures.” 
 
 TUTHILL, W. H. 
 
 In 1825 Tuthill was designing for the early New 
 York lithographer Imbert; in 1830-81 he was engrav- 
 ing portraits, landscape and book illustrations for New 
 York publishers. The engraving firm of Tuthill & 
 Barnard was working in New York at a later date. A 
 small but clever etching of “Mr. Robert as Worm- 
 wood,” published in New York, is signed ““Tuthill fec’t,” 
 and can be ascribed to this man. 
 
 UNDERWOOD, THOMAS 
 
 Born about 1795; died at Lafayette, Ind., July 18, 
 1849, “age 54 years.” Underwood was a good bank-note 
 ‘engraver working in Philadelphia in 1829. He was a 
 member of the bank-note company of Fairman, Draper, 
 Underwood & Co., and after 1841, of Underwood, Bald, 
 Spencer & Hufty. 
 279 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 VALDENUIT, 
 
 Some of the portrait plates issued by St. Memin, pre- 
 vious to 1797, are signed St. Memin & Valdenuit, No, 12 
 Far St., N. York. Mr. Baker thinks that Valdenuit 
 assisted in the engraving; but he may have been merely 
 associated with St. Memin in the business of publishing 
 or issuing these plates. 
 
 VALENTINE, ELIAS 
 
 Valentine was a copperplate printer and engraver liv- 
 ing in New York in 1810-18, according to the direc- . 
 tories. As an engraver he seems to have done very little 
 work. One of his signed plates is really a worked-over 
 plate engraved by W. S. Leney, and another also seems 
 to be a doctored plate. 
 
 VALLANCE, JOHN 
 
 Born in Scotland; died in Philadelphia, June 14, 
 1823, “in the 58rd year of his age.”’ Vallance apparently 
 came to Philadelphia about 1791, as his name as an en- 
 graver appears in that city in 1791-99, and in 1811—23. 
 It can not be stated where he was in the interval 1800 
 —10. In 1794, as a member of the firm of Thackara & 
 Vallance, he was engraving in Philadelphia, and Edwin 
 ascribes to Vallance the portrait of John Howard signed 
 by this firm. But the stipple portrait of Hugh Blair, 
 signed by Vallance alone, is the best example of his work 
 seen; it is a good engraving. Vallance engraved a large 
 number of encyclopedia plates and general work of this 
 description. He was one of the founders of the Associa- 
 tion of Artists in America, organized in Philadelphia in 
 
 280 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 1794; and in 1810 he was treasurer of the Society of 
 Artists, of the same city. He was for a time a member of 
 the engraving firm of Tanner, Vallance, Kearny & Co., 
 of Philadelphia. Vallance was an excellent script en- 
 graver, and good early bank-notes bear his name. 
 
 VERGER, PETER C. 
 
 The only known plate of Verger is “The Triumph of 
 Liberty,” a folio plate signed Engraved by P. C. 
 Verger, Nov. 1796. Mr. Baker, in describing this plate, 
 says that Verger was an engraver in New York, and the 
 preceptor of Benjamin Tanner. But Tanner was ac- 
 tually engraving in New York in 1794, two years before 
 the name of “Peter Verger, engraver on fine stone” ap- 
 pears in the New York directory for the one year 1796. 
 The contention of the writer is that Verger was not a 
 copperplate engraver, and that this plate was engraved 
 in France for an American market, and was probably 
 brought over here by Verger and published by him in 
 New York. 
 
 Verger was an “engraver upon fine stone,” an art de- 
 manding a very different training and entirely different 
 methods from those required in engraving upon copper. 
 Then the plate referred to is very well engraved, con- 
 sumed a long time in its execution, and is evidently the 
 work of an expert engraver. It is hardly possible that 
 a seal-engraver should be an equally good copperplate 
 engraver. Nagler, in his Kunstler-Lexicon, in speaking 
 of Claude du Verger, a landscape-painter of 1780, refers 
 to “a younger Verger,” who was an engraver on precious 
 stones, working in Paris in 1806. May not this “younger 
 
 281 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 Verger” be the “Peter Verger, engraver on fine stone, ° 
 who was in New York in 1796 and then disappears from 
 this country ? 
 
 An examination of the composition of the engraving 
 itself proves that it could not have been designed by an 
 American, or by one knowing anything about the history 
 of the Revolution. It was evidently intended to com- 
 memorate the successful issue of the War for Inde- 
 pendence, and made for sale in the United States; yet it 
 contains no mention of Washington, while recording the 
 names of officers of comparatively little prominence, like 
 those of Scammel and Barber. On a monument “Sacred 
 to the memory of the American heroes, fallen in defence 
 of their Country” are inscribed the names of about a 
 dozen American soldiers, half of whom died peacefully 
 in their beds long after the Revolution. And at the foot 
 of a column, surmounted by a very French representa- 
 tion of Liberty, is an urn inscribed “J. J. Rousseau,” 
 who is thus enrolled among American patriots. ‘The 
 wording of the long explanatory inscription is also 
 strongly indicative of French origin, without revision by 
 one familiar with American history. 
 
 According to the inscription below, the designer of 
 this plate is J’n. F’is, Renault. N. York. This is the 
 same man who painted the equally historically incorrect 
 representation of “The British Surrendering their arms 
 to Genl. Washington, 1781.” In this composition the 
 central position is given to the Duc de Lauzun and to 
 Lafayette; Cornwallis tenders his sword to Washing- 
 ton; the American flag bears the eagle of the Cincin- 
 natus, and the buildings in the background are totally 
 
 282 : 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 un-American. This picture was evidently composed in 
 France, as the “Triumph of Liberty” must have been, 
 and by the same man. It is possible that Renault was 
 with the French army at Yorktown, as he uses the name 
 of Scammel, who was killed at Yorktown, among his 
 fallen heroes. But if he were there, he paid little atten- 
 tion to facts in his composition. 
 
 It might be interesting to note in this place that the 
 original painting of the “Surrender of Cornwallis’ by 
 J. F. Renault, was exhibited by him in this country be- 
 fore 1824. 
 
 VERNON, T. 
 
 Born in England; there learned to engrave, and he 
 did much work for the “London Art Journal’ before he 
 came to New York, about 1853. Vernon was chiefly 
 employed here by the bank-note engraving companies, 
 and he returned to England in 1856—57. 
 
 WAGNER, H. S. : 
 
 About 1850 H. S. Wagner was engraving portraits 
 in mezzotint, and also publishing portraits, in Phila- | 
 delphia. These portraits were largely those of clergy- 
 men. 
 
 WAGNER, WILLIAM 
 William Wagner was a seal-engraver in York, 
 Pa., in 1820-35. He made a few crude attempts at 
 engraving on copper; his plates including a portrait of 
 Rubens and a view of York Springs. He was treasurer 
 of the York High School in 1835. 
 283 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 WAGSTAFF, C. E. 
 
 This engraver of portraits in stipple was working in 
 Boston about 1840-45; he was an associate of Joseph 
 Andrews for a time. 
 
 WALTER, ADAM B. 
 
 Born in Philadelphia in 1820; died there Oct. 14, 
 1875. Walter was a pupil of Thomas B. Welch, and he 
 was associated with Welch in the engraving business un- 
 til 1848. He was an excellent engraver of portraits, 
 chiefly executed in mezzotint. 
 
 WARNER, C. J. 
 
 The only plate of this man known to the compiler is a 
 fairly well-executed stipple portrait of Gen. Anthony 
 Wayne. It was published by C. Smith, New York, 
 1796; and probably appeared in the “Monthly Military 
 Repository,” published by Smith in that year. 
 
 WARNER, GEORGE D. | 
 This name is signed to a botanical plate published in 
 the “New York Magazine” for December, 1791. The 
 book-plate of George Warner is signed Warner Sculpt, 
 
 and is probably the work of this engraver. 
 
 WARNER, WILLIAM 
 Born in Philadelphia about 1813; died there in 1848, 
 says Mr. Baker. Warner was a portrait-painter and a 
 self-taught engraver in mezzotint. He made compara- 
 tively few plates, but the larger of these are admirable 
 examples of mezzotint work. 
 284 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 WARNICKE, JOHN G. 
 
 Died in Philadelphia Dec. 29, 1818. In 1811-14, and 
 again in 1818, Warnicke was engraving in Philadelphia. 
 His one portrait found by the compiler, that of Frank- 
 lin, is a very good piece of stipple work. 
 
 WARR, JOHN 
 
 There were two men of this name in Philadelphia, in 
 1821—45, working as “general engravers.” The older 
 man was seemingly engraving in 1821-28; and the 
 younger man, John Warr Jr., was engraving in 1825 
 —45. Their work consisted chiefly of vignettes, business- 
 cards, etc., but these are well engraved. 
 
 WARR, W. W. 
 _ This W. W. Warr was a script engraver working in 
 Philadelphia about 1830. He usually signed plates in 
 
 connection with John Warr, as Engraved by J. & W. 
 W. Warr. | 
 
 WARREN, A. COOLIDGE 
 
 Born in Boston, Mass., March 25, 1819; died in New 
 York, Nov. 22, 1904. Mr. Warren was the son of Asa 
 Warren, a portrait and miniature painter, and was ap- 
 prenticed in 1833 to Bigelow Bros., jewelers, of Boston. 
 ‘But showing a decided inclination toward engraving, he 
 was placed, a little later than this, with the Boston en- 
 graver George G. Smith. At the end of his apprentice- 
 ship Warren spent another year under the tuition of 
 Joseph Andrews, and became a reputable line-en- 
 graver of vignettes and book illustrations. For a num- 
 
 285 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 ber of years he was in the employ of the New England 
 Bank Note Co. and the Boston publishers Ticknor & 
 Fields. But as the result of too much night work he was 
 compelled to, abandon engraving for about five years. 
 In this interval he drew upon wood for other engravers. 
 In 1863 Mr. Warren removed to New York and en- 
 graved for the Continental Bank Note Co. and for book 
 publishers. In June, 1899, he entirely lost the sight of 
 one eye, and was compelled to permanently abandon his 
 profession. He occupied his later years in painting. 
 
 WATTS, J. W. 
 About 1850 Watts was a line-engraver of landscape 
 in Boston; he later etched some very good portraits. 
 
 WELCH, THOMAS B. 
 
 Born in Charleston, S. C., in 1814; died in Paris, Nov. 
 5, 1874. According to Mr. Baker, Welch was a pupil 
 of James B. Longacre in Philadelphia; and apparently 
 soon after his release from his apprenticeship he formed 
 a business connection with A. B. Walter. Over his own 
 name he produced some good portraits in stipple, and 
 some large ones in mezzotint. For the Annuals he en- 
 graved some admirable pure line plates. 
 
 About 1861 Welch abandoned engraving and went 
 abroad to study art, and he remained in Paris for a num- 
 ber of years. As showing his earlier tastes in this -direc- 
 tion, the Philadelphia directories of 1841-45 give his 
 occupation as “portrait-painter.” | 
 
 286 
 
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 JOHN F. E. PRUD’HOMM 
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BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 WELLMOREH, E. 
 
 This capital engraver in stipple and in line was a 
 pupil of James B. Longacre in Philadelphia, and over 
 his own name he engraved some of the portraits in the 
 “National Portrait Gallery,” of 1884-85. At a much 
 later period he was engraving book illustrations in New 
 York. He is said to have finally become a clergyman. 
 Wellmore was also a miniature painter, as we find en- 
 gravings and lithographs done after porn painted 
 by E. Wellmore. 
 
 WELLS, J. 
 The only information obtainable is that J. Wells was 
 a map engraver working in New York in 1836. 
 
 WELLSTOOD, JAMES 
 
 Born in Jersey City, N. J., Nov. 20, 1855; died there 
 March 14, 1880. James Wellstood was the son of Wil- 
 liam Wellstood and was the pupil of his father. He be- 
 came a successful and promising engraver, and at the 
 time of his death he was a member of the engraving firm 
 of William Wellstood & Co. His principal plates were 
 “The Pointer” and “Safe in Port,” the latter after a 
 painting by Thomas Moran. 
 
 WELLSTOOD, JOHN GEIKIE 
 
 Born in Edinburgh, Scotland, Jan. 18, 1818; living in 
 1889. Wellstood came to New York in 1830, and was 
 employed by Rawdon, Wright & Co., and he remained 
 with that engraving firm until 1847, when he began busi- 
 ness for himself. In 1858 his firm was merged into what 
 is now the American Bank Note Company, and he was 
 
 287 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 connected with this company until 1871. In the latter 
 year he founded the Columbian Bank Note Company in 
 Washington, D. C.; and while president of that com- 
 pany he designed and partially engraved the backs of all 
 the U. S. Treasury notes issued at that time. When the 
 printing of United States notes. passed into the hands of 
 the Treasury Department, Wellstood returned to New 
 York, and was still employed in 1889 as a script en- 
 graver by the American Bank Note Company. Well- 
 stood made many improvements in the manufacture of 
 
 bank-notes. oe 
 
 WELLSTOOD, WILLIAM 
 
 Born in Edinburgh, Scotland, Dec. 19, 1819; died 
 Sept. 19, 1900. William was a brother of John G. Well- 
 stood and came to New York with his parents in 1830. 
 He began work there as a letter engraver, but he later 
 devoted himself to landscape and pictorial work. From 
 1846 to 1871 he was employed by the Western Methodist 
 Book Concern, in Cincinnati, O., and by various New 
 York firms. He was a good line-engraver and produced 
 a large amount of work. 
 
 WESTON, HENRY W. 
 
 Weston was engraving—in a feeble manner—maps, 
 Bible illustrations, etc., in Philadelphia, in 1803-06, for 
 Mathew Carey, the book publisher of that city. 
 
 WESTWOOD, CHARLES 
 Born in Birmingham, England, and came to the 
 United States in 1851 with John Rogers, the engraver, 
 288 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 says Mr. Hollyer. Westwood was a clever general en- 
 graver; but he was dissipated, and committed suicide 
 about 1855. 
 
 WHELPLEY, P. M. 
 
 About 1845 this capital engraver was located in New 
 York. He engraved portraits in mezzotint. 
 
 WHITE, GEORGE H. 
 Some fairly good portraits, engraved in a mixed man- 
 ner, about 1870, are thus signed. 
 
 WHITE, G. I. 
 
 This good line-engraver of portraits was working 
 about 1825-30 in this country; but none of the prints 
 seen give any indication of locality. 
 
 WHITE, THOMAS STURT 
 
 The “New England Weekly Journal,” for July 8, 
 1784, contains the following notice of a possible early 
 engraver and printer of copperplates; though no signed 
 work is known to the writer: 
 
 “THOMAS STURT WHITE. Engraver from 
 London. Not having met with such success as he ex- 
 pected since he came to Boston; hereby gives Notice that 
 he intends for London in the Fall, unless he meets with 
 sufficient encouragement to oblige him to stay. This 
 therefore is to inform all Gentlemen, Goldsmiths, and 
 others, that they may have all manner of Engraving 
 
 either on Gold, Silver, Copper, or Pewter; likewise Roll- 
 289 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 ing Press Printing, as well and cheap as is performed in 
 London. 
 
 “N. B. The said White lives at the Second Door on 
 the Right Hand in Williams Court, in Cornhill.” 
 
 WHITECHURCH, ROBERT 
 
 Born in London in 1814; was living in 1883. Mr. 
 Baker says that Whitechurch did not commence to en- 
 grave until he was thirty years of age. He came to the 
 United States about 1848 and lived for some years in 
 Philadelphia. In his later professional life he worked 
 for the Treasury Department at Washington. He was 
 an excellent engraver of portraits in line, stipple, and 
 mezzotint. 
 
 WIGGIN, J. 
 
 This is a fraudulent signature. A portrait of Ben- 
 jamin Rush—in line—was E'ngraved by J. Akin and 
 published by him in Philadelphia, March 20, 1800. A — 
 later impression of this plate is found with the engraver 
 and a long dedicatory address erased; it is relettered 
 Engraved by J. Wiggin. 
 
 WIGHTMAN, THOMAS 
 
 “The Croaker,” a writer in the “Boston Courier,” 
 Sept. 22, 1849, refers to Thomas Wightman as “a young 
 artist” who came to Boston from England about 1806. 
 But Wightman was in New England prior to 1806, as 
 “Dean’s Analytical Guide to Penmanship” was pub- 
 lished in Salem in 1802, illustrated by twenty-five cop- 
 perplates. We are told that these plates were “Collected 
 
 290 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 by Henry Dean and correctly engraved by Thomas 
 Wightman.” Wightman also engraved some of the 
 plates for a mathematical text-book published in 1806 by 
 Prof. Webber, of Harvard College. In 1814 he was in 
 the employ of the Boston engraver Abel Bowen, and en- 
 graved for “The Naval Monument,” published by 
 Bowen in that year. The portraits executed by Wight- 
 man are fairly well done in stipple; and the publication 
 dates of his prints would indicate that he was working 
 — until 1820. A few book-plates bear his name as engraver. 
 
 WILCOX, J. A. J. 
 
 Wilcox engraved a few admirable portraits in line in 
 - Boston, about 1875. 
 
 WILLARD, ASAPH 
 
 As early as 1816 this engraver was in business in 
 Albany, N. Y., as a member of the firm of Willard & 
 Rawdon, bank-note and general engravers. In 1819-28 
 he was a member of the Graphic Co., of Hartford, Conn. 
 He was an engraver of maps, portraits, subject plates, 
 etc., and his plates have little merit. Willard is men- 
 tioned as having been the first preceptor of John Cheney. 
 
 WILLIAMS, E. G. & BRO. 
 This engraving firm was producing portraits in New 
 York in 1880. ' 
 
 WILLIAMS, H. 
 The few weak stipple portraits thus signed are all 
 both painted and engraved by H. Williams. John 
 291 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 Rubens Smith engraved several portraits after paintings 
 by Henry Williams, who is referred to by Dunlap as a 
 portrait-painter working in 1812-16. ‘This man was 
 probably the engraver. The only indication of locality 
 and date is found on‘his engraved portrait of Elias 
 Smith, which was published at Portsmouth, N. H., in 
 1816. In 1814 Williams published in Boston “The Ele- 
 ments of Drawing,” illustrated by twenty-six copper- 
 plate engravings. As this book has not been seen by the 
 writer, he can not say whether these plates were en- 
 graved by Williams or not. 
 
 As late as 1824 H. Williams advertises as a portrait 
 and miniature painter in the “New England Pal- 
 ladium,”’ with a studio at No. 6 School Street, Boston. 
 This notice says that “He also continues to paint from 
 the dead in his peculiar manner by Masks, etc.” 
 
 WILLSON, J. 
 
 Crudely engraved music and the accompanying words 
 is signed by this engraver. ‘There is no indication of 
 place or date; but it is bound up with other music pub- 
 lished by J. & M. Paff, Nos. 2 and 3 City Hotel, Broad- 
 way, New York. The work was probably done about 
 1800-10. 
 
 WILMER, WILLIAM A. 
 
 Died about 1855, says Mr. Baker. Wilmer was a 
 pupil of James B. Longacre in Philadelphia, and en- 
 graved some excellent portrait plates in stipple for the 
 “National Portrait Gallery.” 
 
 292 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 WILSON, ALEXANDER 
 
 Born in Paisley, Scotland, July 6, 1766; died in 
 Philadelphia, Pa., Aug. 23, 1818. In the life of this 
 eminent ornithologist we are told that Wilson was 
 taught to draw, color, and etch by his friend Alexander 
 Lawson, the engraver, and he rapidly attained a marked 
 degree of proficiency in delineating birds. For his own 
 great work on “American Ornithology” he later etched 
 two plates from his own drawings. 
 
 WILSON, D. W. 
 
 This name, as D. W. Wilson Sc. Alb’y, is appended 
 to a ticket issued by the “Managers of the County Pas- 
 toral Ball.” There is no indication of place, other than 
 Albany; but the plate is headed by a well-engraved 
 vignette showing Agriculture and Manufacture on each 
 side of a bee-hive surmounting an oval containing a 
 sheep. In a circle over the vignette are the words 
 “Farmers Holyday.” The date of the work is about 
 1825-30. D. W. Wilson engraved a book-plate for 
 Samuel Pruyn, of Albany. 
 
 WILSON, JAMES 
 
 This name, in conjunction with that of Isaac Eddy, is 
 appended to a large copperplate “Published by Isaac 
 Eddy, Weathersfield, Vermont, 1813.” The plate rep- 
 resents, in the form of a tree, the growth of the nations 
 of the world from the time of Adam. The inscription on 
 the plate reads Engraved by James Wilson, Bradford, 
 and by Isaac Eddy, W eathersfield, V ermont. 
 
 298 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 As this plate is largely script, James Wilson may 
 have confined his work to the script; the representation 
 of Adam naming the beasts closely resembles other work 
 of Eddy. 
 
 WILSON, W. W. 
 
 About 1850 some well-engraved portraits were issued 
 in Boston, signed W. W. Wilson Eng’r & Print’r 35 
 Wash’n St. : 
 
 An etched portrait of Washington is signed Wm. 
 Wilson N. Y. 1849. This may be the same man as above. 
 
 WISH, C. 
 
 Born in England; died about 1889, says Mr. Hollyer. 
 Wise came to the United States in 1850, and he en- 
 graved for New York publishers and for J. M. Butler, | 
 of Philadelphia. Wise was a good engraver of portraits 
 in stipple. 
 
 WISSLER, JACQUES 
 
 Born in Strasburg, Germany, in 1808; died in Cam- 
 den, N. J., Nov. 25, 1887. Wissler was trained to en- 
 grave and to lithograph in Paris, and he came to the 
 United States in 1849. He was in Richmond, Va., at the 
 outbreak of the Civil War, and he was employed by the 
 Confederate government to engrave the plates for its 
 paper currency and bonds. At the close of the war he 
 removed to Macon, Miss.; but finally settled in Camden, 
 N. J., where he continued to engrave, and to produce 
 portraits in crayons and in oil. None of his signed work 
 is known to the compiler. 
 
 294 
 
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BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 WOOD, J. | 
 A. well-executed stipple plate, representing “The 
 Medical College of South Carolina,” forms the frontis- 
 piece to a medical address delivered by Stephen Elliot, 
 LL.D., published in Charleston, S. C., in 1826. It is 
 signed by J. Wood as engraver. 
 
 WOODCOCK, T. S. 
 
 Born in Manchester, England; came to New York 
 about 1830; and in 1836 he was working in Philadelphia. 
 A portrait of Andrew Jackson, published in New York 
 in 1884, is engraved with a ruling-machine and is signed 
 by Woodcock. About 1840 Woodcock was located in 
 Brooklyn as an engraver and print-publisher; and about 
 this time we find some beautiful plates of butterflies 
 Engraved by Woodcock & Harvey, Brooklyn. Wood- 
 cock finally inherited some money and returned to 
 England. 
 
 WOODRUFF, WILLIAM 
 
 This engraver of portraits and landscape was in busi- 
 ness in Philadelphia in 1817-24. He worked quite well 
 in both line and stipple. After 1824 he apparently re- 
 moved to Cincinnati, as we find prints engraved by him 
 in that city. 
 
 WOODWARD, E. F. 
 
 The maps and small vignettes of events in Ameri- 
 ean history, in a school atlas published in Hartford, 
 Conn., in 1839, are signed as Engraved by E. F'. Wood- 
 ward. 
 
 295 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 — WOOLLEY, WILLIAM 
 
 This clever engraver in mezzotint produced two por- 
 traits of George Washington and a companion plate of 
 Mrs. Washington. These plates were published by 
 David Longworth, at the Shakespeare Gallery, No. 11 
 Park, New York, probably about 1800. 
 
 Our interest in this engraver lies in the fact that the 
 larger memorial plate bears the inscription David Long- 
 worth Direwit. | Woolley—Pinait et Sculpsit. | While 
 this inscription might suggest an American origin, it 
 is more reasonable to assume that David Longworth 
 simply suggested the design; ordered a painting and 
 engraving made in London, and then imported both and 
 published the print as above stated in New York. This 
 contention is borne out by the fact that no other plates by 
 Woolley are known to the writer; and the majority of 
 the Washington portraits by Woolley now in the hands 
 of American collectors were purchased in London. ‘They 
 apparently had a very limited sale in this country. In an 
 altered and reduced state the plate has been printed from 
 in recent years. 
 
 WORSHIP, | 
 
 This name is signed to some rather poor line-engravy- 
 ings of plans, machinery, etc., published in Philadelphia 
 in 1815-20. 
 
 WRIGHT, CHARLES CUSHING 
 Born in Damascota, Me.; died in New York, June 11, 
 1854. Wright was left an orphan at an early age and 
 was adopted by a Charles Cushing, whose name he later 
 296 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 - assumed. After some service as a soldier in the War of 
 1812, he settled in Utica, N. Y., and engaged in business 
 as a watchmaker. In 1824 he was associated with A. B. 
 Durand, in New York, in etching, engraving, and mak- 
 ing dies for embossed work. Later he became an ad- 
 mirable die-sinker, making the dies for a number of 
 medals awarded by the National and by State govern- 
 ments. He was one of the founders of the National 
 Academy of Design in New York in 1826. He was liv- 
 ing in Savannah in 1820, and was engraving in Charles- 
 ton, S. C., in 1824. 
 
 Wright attempted line-engraving without much suc- 
 cess; his best work is found among his etched portraits. 
 
 WRIGHT, G. 
 
 This very good engraver of vignettes, buildings, etc., 
 was working in Philadelphia in 1837. About this date 
 the engraving firm of Wright & Balch was producing 
 line portraits in New York. The Wright of this firm 
 was probably the above. 
 
 WRIGHT, JOSEPH 
 
 Born in Bordentown, N. J., July 16, 1756; died of the 
 yellow fever in Philadelphia in 1793. He was the son of 
 Joseph and Patience Lovell Wright. About 1772, and 
 after the death of the father, the mother took the children 
 to London, where Patience Wright became somewhat 
 famous as a modeler of heads in wax. She earned suffi- 
 cient money to give Joseph a good education, and 
 Dunlap says that he studied art under the patronage 
 of Benjamin West and the tuition of John Hopp- 
 
 297 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 ner, the English portrait-painter who married a sister 
 of Joseph Wright. Before he left England, Wright 
 had gained sufficient fame as a portrait-painter to 
 have secured as a sitter the Prince of Wales, afterward 
 George IV. 
 
 In 1782 Wright was in Paris painting portraits under 
 the patronage of Benjamin Franklin. In October, 1782, 
 he set sail from Nantes for the United States; but he 
 was shipwrecked, and finally reached Boston after a 
 long voyage. Dunlap, who knew Wright personally, 
 says that in October, 1783, he met Wright at Rocky | 
 Hill, near Princeton, bringing a letter from Franklin to 
 Washington. At this place Wright is said to have 
 painted his first portrait of General Washington and 
 one of Mrs. Washington. He afterward drew a profile — 
 portrait of Washington and etched it. In 1784 he 
 painted another portrait of Washington for the Comte 
 de Solurs. 
 
 In 1787 Wright had a studio in Pearl Street, New 
 York, and in that city he married a Miss Vandervoort. 
 He later removed to Philadelphia; he there painted por- 
 traits, modeled in clay, and practised die-sinking. This 
 latter accomplishment gained for him, shortly before 
 his death, the appointment of die-sinker to the U. S. 
 Mint. He made a design for a cent of 1792, though it 
 is not known that this design was ever executed; but 
 he made the dies for a Washington medal, after the 
 Houdon bust, and for a medal voted by Congress to 
 Maj jor Lee. 
 
 His etching of Washington, shiouubti quite well ex- 
 ecuted, is the only plate by Joseph Wright on record. 
 
 298 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 WRIGHTSON, J. 
 
 Born in England; came to the United States about 
 1854. Wrightson was a reputable line-engraver of land- 
 scape and book illustrations. He worked in Boston and 
 in New York; but soon after 1860 he returned to Eng- 
 land and died there in 1865. 
 
 YEAGER, JOSEPH 
 
 This general engraver in line and etcher of portraits 
 was working in Philadelphia from 1816 until 1845. He 
 closely copied Cruikshank’s etchings for American edi- 
 tions of “Harry Lorrequer” and other English works. 
 
 YOUNG, JAMES H. 
 
 Young was in business as a “general engraver” in 
 Philadelphia in 1817—29, 1883-36, and 1839-45. At 
 times he was a member of the firms of Kneass & Young, 
 and Young & Delleker, both in business in Philadelphia. 
 The only plates found signed by Young alone are early 
 encyclopedia plates in line. 
 
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NOTES AND QUERIES_ 
 
 In searching early American newspapers for data used 
 in this work, the writer has found a number of advertise- 
 ments relating to well-known prints, or to prints not 
 known by existing impressions. As these notes are 
 curious and interesting to the collector, some of them 
 are here republished. 
 
 Arms of the Philadelphia Engravers 
 
 In the account of the Grand Federal Procession held in Phila- 
 delphia, July 4, 1'788, to celebrate the Declaration of Inde- 
 pendence and the establishment of the Constitution, we find the 
 following somewhat mixed heraldry : 
 
 “LXXITI. Engravers. Their armorial ensigns, occasionally 
 devised were—Orr on a chevron, engrailed gules, between a paral- 
 lel ruler sable, barred and studded of the first, and two gravers, 
 salter-ways azure, handled of the third; three plates: the crest, 
 a copperplate on a sand-bag proper; inscribed underneath in 
 large capitals— ENGRAVERS.” 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA GAZETTE, July 9, 1788. 
 
 Arnold’s Treason 
 
 “Just published and to be Sold by Francis Bailey. The Con- 
 tinental Almanac: Containing, besides everything necessary in 
 an Almanac, a description of the Figures (the Devil and Gen- 
 
 301 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 eral Arnold, &c.) exhibited and paraded through the streets of 
 Philadelphia, on Saturday, the 30% of September, 1'780, illus- 
 trated with a Plate neatly engraved.” 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA GazeTTE, Nov. 1, 1780. 
 
 Attack on Fort Sullivan 
 
 “Just printed and published for the subscribers, by Daniel 
 Humphreys. A Plan of the Attack of Fort Sullivan, the Key of 
 Charleston, in South Carolina, on the 28th. day of June, 1776, 
 by his Majesty’s squadron, commanded by Sir Peter Parker. By 
 an Officer on the spot. Engraved from the original printed in 
 London. Price One Dollar.” 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA GAZETTE, June 11, 1777. 
 
 Aitken’s View of the Batile of Charlestown 
 
 “To the Public. Now engraving for the Pennsylvania Magazine 
 or American Monthly Museum, a neat and correct View of the 
 late Battle at Charlestown, not inferior to any hitherto pro- 
 posed, and shall be printed in a size proper for the Magazine or 
 a Family piece. Non subscribers are to pay for this Number of 
 the Magazine One Shilling and Sixpence, on account of the great 
 expense of the engraving; those Gentlemen who incline to pur- 
 chase this View of the Battle may be furnished with it at the 
 moderate price of Sixpence.” 
 PENNSYLVANIA GAZETTE, Sept. 20, 1775. 
 
 Romans’ View of the Battle of Charlestown 
 
 “Ir is proposed to Print. An exact View of the late Battle of 
 Charlestown, June 17, 1775. It shall be printed on a good 
 crown imperial paper, and to be delivered to the subscribers in 
 
 302 
 
ae 
 
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pea 
 
 w 
 
 TIHOMAS GAMIBILIE IESQ@* 
 late of the U.S.Navy 
 | Engraved by J. B.Longacre trom a Painting by Waldo. 
 
 ; fir the Analeche Magarnine- 
 
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 Je" 
 
 Sec) 3a eee eee 
 
NOTES AND QUERIES 
 
 about ten days. The price to subscribers is 5s. plain, and if 
 coloured, 7s. 6d.” 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA GAZETTE, Sept. 20, 1775. 
 
 Dawkins View of the Pennsylvania Hospital 
 
 “A Prospective View of the Pennsylvania Hospital, taken by 
 Messieurs Winters and Montgomery, for the Subscriber (with 
 the Approbation of the Managers of the said Hospital) which is 
 now engraving and may be expected in two Weeks. 
 
 “The Public may be assured that it will be finished in the neat- 
 est Manner. The Subscriber presumes that this Undertaking 
 will be highly favoured by all Lovers of the Institution. Those 
 Gentlemen that would chuse to have them coloured, framed and 
 glaized, are requested to send their Commands to the Subscriber, 
 in Third-street, between Market and Arch Streets, and opposite 
 Mr. J Bede Fox’s. 
 
 “Robert Kennedy. 
 
 “N. B. Poe Plate Printing performed in the neatest man- 
 ner, and at the most reasonable Rates.” 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA GAZETTE, Oct. 29, 1761. 
 
 Tuts quarto plate was engraved by Henry Dawkins and John 
 Steeper, and is described under Dawkins. 
 
 Portraits of John Dickinson and John Wilkes 
 
 ‘“Latrety Published and Sold by Robert Bell. At James Emer- 
 son’s, in Market street, near the river, and at John Hart’s New 
 Vendue Store, in Southwark. Price one shilling. An elegant en- 
 graved copper plate print of the Patriotic AMERICAN FARMER. 
 The same framed and glaized. Price five shillings. Also lately 
 published, price one shilling, a very fine engraved copper plate 
 
 303 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 print of Jonn Wiuxes, Esquire, the Champion of Liberty. The 
 same framed and glaized price Five Shillings.” 
 SUPPLEMENT TO PENNSYLVANIA JouRNAL, Nov. 3, 1768. 
 
 Tue portrait of John Dickinson, the “Patriotic American 
 Farmer,” is ascribed to James Smither as engraver, and 1s de- 
 scribed under that head. The portrait of Wilkes here referred to 
 is unknown to the compiler; it may have been engraved also by 
 Smither ; or it may be an imported print. : 
 
 Proposals - Engrave—Battles of Hutaw S prings and 
 The Cowpens 
 
 “THE Fine Arts. ‘To the Citizens of the United States. Having 
 employed a considerable part of my life in acquiring a knowl- 
 edge of the fine arts, from the most celebrated and esteemed mas- 
 ters in Europe, and being highly ambitious in transmitting to 
 posterity, portraits of some of those illustrious characters, whose 
 heroism contributed greatly to the establishment of the liberties 
 of America; and also of some of those brilliant battles, which 
 will forever be regarded as master pieces in the military art, 
 . . . I propose engraving representations of the two very im- 
 portant battles fought at—The Eutaw Springs & The Cow- 
 pens. In the State of South Carolina. I have this day opened 
 a subscription for publishing the above pieces, and if my under- 
 taking shall recieve the patronage and support, which I flatter 
 myself one so interesting to my countrymen may expect, I will 
 be enabled to continue my plan of publishing other important 
 scenes from our revolutionary war. That of the Eutaw Springs 
 was painted by the much celebrated Stothard. The prints will 
 be engraved in the line manner from two original pictures, and 
 their size will be two feet one inch, by one foot six inches. The 
 price for each print will be 15 dollars. In addition to the above 
 prints, I propose engraving, as a centre piece—The Capture of 
 
 304 
 
NOTES AND QUERIES 
 
 Major Andre.—From Stothard. The price will be 8 dollars. The 
 size will be 1 foot 2 inches, by 1 foot. 
 ‘James Aiken, of Charleston. 
 
 **South Carolina. Powell street, 4 doors from perth Street, be- 
 tween Spruce and Pine Streets. 
 
 “Subscriptions for the above prints, or either of them, will be 
 recieved by C. W. Peale, at his museum, and by C. Tiebout, en- 
 graver, No. 29 Golden Hill street, New York, etc.” 
 
 CLAYPOOLE’s ADVERTISER, Phila., June 17, 1797. 
 
 Portrait of John Hancock 
 
 “"T'H1s Day is Published and to be Sold by Nicholas Brooks. A 
 Neat Mezzotinto Print of the Hon. John Hancock, Esq., Presi- 
 dent of the Continental Congress. Price plain 3.9, or 5.9, ele- 
 gantly coloured. 
 
 “Likewise may be had at the above Place, a large exact View 
 of the late Battle at Charlestown, elegantly coloured, at 7s. 6: 
 or put in a double carved and gilt Frame, 20 by 16 inches, with 
 Crown Glass at 8s. 6.” | 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA GazETTE, Nov. 1, 1775. 
 
 Tue John Hancock print is not recognized by the writer; but 
 the last mentioned is evidently Romans’ “View of the Battle of 
 Charlestown.” 
 
 City and Fortress of Louisbourg 
 
 “A Puan of the City and Fortress of Louisbourg; with a small 
 plan of the Harbor: Done in Mezzotinto—from the Original 
 Drawing of Richard Gridley, Esq. Commander of the Train of 
 Artillery at the Siege of Louisbourg. Sold by J. Smibert, in 
 Queen Street, Boston.” 
 
 New Yorx WEEkty Post Boy, Oct. 6, 1746. 
 
 305 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 THovex not seen by the writer, this plate was probably en- 
 graved by Peter Pelham. . 
 
 H. Gaine’s Plan of New York 
 
 THE New York Mercury, Feb. 12, 1770, advertises as follows: 
 “Just published and Sold by H. Gaine A Plan of the City of 
 New York, Dedicated to Sir Henry Moore, Bart. Price 16s col- 
 oured, 8s. plain.” This plan is printed on imperial paper and 
 “the streets are laid down very exact. The whole carried con- 
 siderably further than Corlear’s Hook.” 
 
 The “Mercury” for Oct. 15, 1770, advertises either this 
 or another plan as follows: “Sold by H. Gaine, A Plan of the 
 City of New York and its Invirons. Surveyed and laid down in 
 the years 1166-67, With a South Prospect of the same taken 
 from the Governor’s Island. In this plan is taken in. Pawle’s 
 Hook, Red Hook, the Long Island Shore and the Islands in our 
 Bay.” 
 
 Plan of New York of 1756 
 
 “To be sold by G. Duyckinck, The Plan of the City of New 
 York, showing the several Wards, Streets, Lanes and Allies; 
 Churches, Meeting Houses, Markets, etc., in the present year. 
 Done from an actual Survey.” 
 
 New Yorx Gazerre, March 3, 1'755. 
 
 De Bruls’ Views of New York 
 
 “Philadelphia, October 28, 1762. 
 “Proposats. For publishing by Susscriprion. Two different 
 Water Views, and two different Land Views, of the flourishing 
 
 306 
 
JOHN B. NEAG 
 
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 1796-1866 
 
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 Pamted by W Mulready RA Engraved by J.B Neagle. 
 
 TRIE WOLF & TIES ILADIB. 
 
 Published by T T. Ash Philad* 
 
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 ‘ 
 
NOTES AND QUERIES 
 
 City of New York. The Editor and Engraver has taken great 
 Pains, and been very exact in laying down these Four beautiful 
 Prospects, with which the City presents itself to the Eye of 
 every judicious Beholder. He hopes to meet with Encouragement 
 from all Gentlemen and Ladies, &c. especially, as nothing of this 
 kind ever has been undertaken before by any Body in this Part 
 of the World. 
 
 “CONDITIONS OF SUBSCRIPTION 
 
 “1. These above-mentioned Four different Views, with the re- 
 spective References in English, High Dutch and Low Dutch, 
 will be curiously engraved on a Copper Plate 21 by 12 Inches 
 each, and printed on best large Paper. 
 
 “2. A Plan of the Streets of this City, with their respective 
 Names, will also be neatly engraved on another Copper Plate, 
 and printed on best large Paper. 
 
 “Subscriptions are taken in by Mr. Matthew Clarkson, Mr. 
 William Dunlap, Mr. William Bradford, and David Hall, in 
 Philadelphia, and by Michael De Bruls., Publisher and Engraver 
 of the above Plates, at the lower End of New Street, next door 
 to Col. Thodey’s, in New York. 
 ‘“Michael De Bruls.” 
 PENNSYLVANIA GAzETTE, Nov. 11, 1762. 
 
 James Turner's Map of Nova Scotia, etc. 
 
 “Philadelphia, October 10, 1759. 
 “To-morrow will be published by JAMES TURNER, En- 
 graver. Two doors above the Sign of Admiral Boscawen, in 
 Arch-Street. Handsomely embellished, and printed on the best 
 Paper. The second Edition (with very large Additions, Cor- 
 rections and Improvements) of A Map of Nova-Scotia and Parts 
 adjacent ; wherein is (now) accurately described, Part of New- 
 England (from Boston Northeastward) Nova-Scotia, its true 
 
 307 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 Extent, Boundaries, and Fishing Banks; the Islands of Cape 
 Breton, St. Johns, Antiosti, and New Foundland; the great 
 River of Canada, or St. Lawrence, with Orleans, Crudre, and the 
 other Islands that lie in it. Showing also, all the various Com- 
 munications, by Means of the River Ristigochi, St. John’s, 
 Penobscot, Kenebeck, Chaudiere etc. between Quebec, and other 
 Places situate on St. Lawrence River, on the North across the 
 lands, with the Gulf of St. Lawrence on the East, the Bay of 
 Fundy and Atlantic Ocean on the South, The English Forts and 
 Settlements, and the Seats of the (pretended Neutral) French 
 Inhabitants in Nova Scotia; with every thing else worthy of 
 Notice, or that may serve to give a true Idea of the Situation, 
 and connection of the several parts of that Country, and of the 
 Advances and Operations, of his Majesty’s Troops that have 
 been, or now are imployed in those Parts. 
 
 “Also in a vacant Part of the Plate are inserted the followmg 
 (more particular) Draughts of the principal Places, that are 
 situate within the Bounds of this Map, viz. Ist. The Situation of 
 Halifax. Draught of Chebucto Harbour, &c. 2d. A Plan of the 
 Town of Halifax. 3d. A Plan of Quebec. 4th. A Plan of the 
 Post and Fortress of Louisbourg, with the English Work raised 
 against itin 1745. 5th. a neat View of the Town of Boston. 
 
 “pRICE HALF A DOLLAR. 
 
 “Notre. The Western Part of this Map contains the same 
 Places that are contained in the Eastern part of A general Map 
 of the Middle British Colonies, published by the late ingenious 
 and accurate Mr. Lewis Evans, and as this Map begins with the 
 Eastern Limits of that, and proceeds Eastward from it, as far 
 as to include the Streights of Bell Isle, it may serve as a supple- 
 ment thereto; and those two Maps together afford an entire 
 View of all the Places on this Continent, that have been, or now 
 are the Objects, or Scenes of any military Operations. Mr. 
 Evans Map may be had at the same Place. 
 
 “Said Turner continues the Engraving Business, in all its 
 
 308 
 
NOTES AND QUERIES 
 
 Branches, on Metals, where Gentlemen may be served with 
 Work, according to their different Fancies or Occasions, either 
 in the neatest or cheapest Manner.” 
 
 THE PENNSYLVANIA JOURNAL, Oct. 11, 1759. 
 
 Heap’s Prospect of Philadelphia 
 
 “Just published and to be sold by Garret Noel, Bookseller in 
 Dock Street, A large and curious Plan of the City of Philadel- 
 phia, taken by George Heap from the Jersey Shore, under the 
 Direction of Nicholas Skull, Surveyor General of the Province of 
 Pennsylvania. This fine Perspective contains Four Sheets on 
 Imperial Paper. Price Three Dollars in Sheets.” 
 
 New York Gazette, March 17, 1755. 
 
 St. Memin Portraits 
 
 “PHysioGNoTRACE. Likenesses Engraved. 'The subscriber begs 
 leave to inform the public that he takes and engraves portraits 
 on an improved plan of the celebrated Physiognotrace of Paris 
 and in a style never introduced before in this country. A great 
 number of portraits of destinguished persons who honoured the 
 artist with their patronage in New York, may be seen at 5. 
 Chaudron’s . . . or at the subscriber No. 32, south Third street. 
 He delivers with the original portrait the plate engraved and 
 twelve copies of the same. “St. Memin. 
 “Philadelphia, January 8.” 
 Cuaypoote’s ADVERTISER, Phila., Jan. 8, 1799. 
 
 Savage’s David Rittenhouse 
 
 “Ay No. 41 Chestnut St. J. Ormerd, may be had, just pub- 
 lished, a striking likeness of Dr. Rittenhouse, in mezzotinto, 
 
 309 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 painted by Mr. Peale, and engraved by Mr. Savage. Price 31% 
 
 dollars.”? 
 CLAYPooLe’s AMERICAN Datry ADVERTISER, 
 
 Phila., Jan. 4, 1797. 
 
 Eckstein’s Monument to General Washington 
 
 “Proposats. For Publishing by Subscription An Engraving 
 Representing a Monument of General Washington. By John 
 Kckstem. Formerly historical paiter and Statuary to the 
 King of Prussia. 
 
 “DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATE: 
 
 “GENERAL WASHINGTON is represented in a statue, intended to 
 imitate white statue marble, standing upon a granite pedestal, 
 in a commanding attitude, with a truncheon in his right hand. 
 At his feet are the fasces, entwined with the olive branch, em- 
 blematical of the power of union, through which peace was 
 achieved after the surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown, the oc- 
 currences of which are seen in the background. The port block- 
 aded by the French fleet, the redoubt charged, and the British 
 army surrendering. Upon the tables are inscribed the words— 
 ‘first in war, first in peace, and first in the hearts of his country- 
 men.’ 
 
 “Size of the plate 19 inches by 26 inches. The subscription 
 for the engraving in the sheet is six dollars, payable upon de- 
 livery.” 
 
 Pouuson’s ADVERTISER, Phila., Feb. 19, 1806. 
 
 Tuts print was actually published March 8, 1806. 
 
 G. Washington—by C. W. Peale 
 
 “A Mezzorinro Print of His Excellency General Washington, 
 done by Charles Wilson Peale, of Philadelphia, from a portrait 
 
 310 
 
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NOTES AND QUERIES 
 
 which he has painted since the sitting of the Convention, is now 
 completed: the likeness is esteemed the best that has been ex- 
 ecuted in a print: This is one of an intended series of. prints, to 
 be taken from Mr. Peale’s collection of illustrious persons, destin- 
 guished in the late revolution. Those of His Excellency Doctor 
 Franklin and the Honorable the Marquis de la Fayette, have 
 been already published. The price of these prints, in a neat oval 
 frame (the inner frame gilt) is two dollars each; or one dollar 
 for the print only; and a large allowance will be made to those 
 who purchase to sell again. Apply to Charles W. Peale, at the 
 corner of Third and Lombard-streets, Philadelphia.” 
 PENNSYLVANIA GAZETTE, Sept. 26, 1787. 
 
 “Or His Excellency George Washington, Esq: A new Impres- 
 sion in Metzotinto; From the original Picture belonging to the 
 State of Pennsylvania: Poster size, i.e. 14 Inches by 10 Inches, 
 exclusive of the Margin; Price Two Dollars, or the Value thereof 
 in current Money; or Six Pounds per Dozen to Shop-Keepers, 
 or Persons going abroad. . Any Persons wanting the said Prints 
 will apply to Charles W. Peale, At the Corner of Third ard 
 Lombard-streets.”’ 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA GaAzETTE, Jan. 3, 1781. 
 
 Washington Family—Savage 
 
 “Pyrtapetputa, March 19. An elegant Engraving, 20 by 26 
 inches, executed by Savage from an original picture, painted by 
 himself, is just published. The Print represents General Wash- 
 ington and his Lady (two capital likenesses), sitting at a table 
 on which lies a plan of the Federal City. A perspective view of 
 the river Potomac and of Mount Vernon, forms an agreeable and 
 appropriate embellishment in the picture. The whole is executed 
 
 311 
 
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
 
 in a style evincive of the rapid progress of an elegant art, which 
 has hitherto been in a very crude state in this country.” 
 PENNSYLVANIA GaAzETTE, Phila., March 21, 1798. 
 
 George and Mrs. Washington 
 
 ““New American Publications may be had at Robert Bell’s Book 
 Store, Third-street; at Joseph Cruikshank’s, Francis Bailey’s, 
 Printers, and at William Prichard’s Book-store, etc. 
 
 “Beautiful Engravings of that most illustrious General and 
 Patriot, his Excellency George Washington, Esq. and Com- 
 mander in Chief of the Armies of the United States of America, 
 and his Lady ; may be had at the above Places.” 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA GAzeTTE, May 14, 1783. 
 
 Sia Representations of Warriors 
 
 “Tis day are published Proposals for printing by Subscription 
 —The Gentlemen and Ladies Military Closet Furniture, con- 
 sisting of six Representations of Warriors, who are in the Ser- 
 vice of their Majesties the King of Great Britain and the King 
 of Prussia, Designed after the Life with a Description as ex- 
 pressed in the Proposals, which may be had gratis at the follow- 
 ing places; where subscriptions are taken by Alexander Colden, 
 Esq., at the Post Office; Mr. Samuel Parker, in Beaver St.; Mr. 
 Joseph Woodruff,-Limner in Dock St.; Mr. Michel de Bruls, 
 Engraver, at Mr. Furer, Silver Smith in French Church Street ; 
 Mr. Elisha Galludet (sic) Engraver in South St.; Hugh Gaine, 
 Printer, etc., . . . and at Mr. Winter in Broad Street where 
 the Prints may be seen.” 
 New Yorx Mercury, March 5, 1759. 
 
 Wuo were these “Warriors” and were they engraved by de 
 Bruls or Gallaudet? The “Mercury” of July 30, 1'759, says 
 
 312 
 
=e 2 mh eo 
 oe ee ens * al 4 
 
 ; mo, 
 at th oe oa 
 i A i her : 4. 
 . 7) F9- NaM Bs Se reas paotuted 
 ‘ a q ’ - P * ks é - fig 
 or 3) ee 
 ¢ ‘* }- ; 
 a . { 
 vt . 7 ide cage oe 
 j ; 4 aS 
 j my a te: nf , 
 2 , 
 § 
 Pr 
 ; ; 
 eg Ee F ry 
 ital Pi ds i4- 
 ies 
 a “ ' 
 Pte, 
 « Ay 2 
 é 
 : 
 
 i , i} 
 \ i , 
 | HON. CHARLES CHAU} 
 
 . ss ENGRAVED BY 
 
 3 | JOHN SARTAIN 
 1808-1897 
 | | 
 a5 ? ws i. 
 ; \ 
 
Funied by T Suc'y 
 
NOTES AND QUERIES 
 
 that ‘‘five of the above plates are finished and the sixth is ac- 
 tually engraving.” The publisher was apparently an army of- 
 ficer; the last notice is dated at Fort Stanwix; and ithe notice 
 states that “Urgency of the Service requires the Editor of the | 
 above Prints to be at his Station.” 
 
 313 
 
Wat 
 wy NO 
 
 = i 
 
 ba ba 
 * 
 
 yy oa 
 
 : caf 
 
 weed 
 
INDEX 
 
 TO 
 
 ENGRAVINGS DESCRIBED 
 
 WITH CHECK-LIST NUMBERS AND 
 NAMES OF ENGRAVERS 
 AND ARTISTS 
 
ITEM 
 
 Abba Thulle . 
 Abbotsford . 
 Abel, Death of 
 
 Abelard and Heloise—Tomb . 
 
 Abercrombie, James . 
 Abercrombie, Ralph . 
 Abercrombie Monument 
 Abington, Mrs. . 
 
 Able Doctor, The . 
 Adam and Eve . 
 
 Adam Giving Names . 
 Adams, Abigail 
 
 Adams, John 
 
 Adams, John Quincy . 
 
 INDEX 
 
 ARTIST 
 
 (Title-page) . 
 
 Fellowes 
 Trott 
 
 Westmacott 
 Ramberg . 
 
 Hamilton . 
 
 Blythe . 
 
 Stuart . 
 Williams 
 Houston 
 
 Stuart . 
 
 Gimbrede . 
 
 King 
 317 
 
 ENGRAVER 
 
 Wightman 
 Chapin 
 Edwin 
 Hill 
 Edwin 
 Edwin 
 Tanner 
 Leney 
 Revere 
 Newcomb 
 Godwin . 
 Pelton 
 Bower 
 Dearborn 
 Doolittle 
 Edwin 
 Gimbrede 
 Graham . 
 Houston . 
 Houston . 
 Leney 
 Longacre 
 Norman . 
 Pelton 
 Rawdon 
 Savage 
 Scoles 
 Smither . 
 Tanner 
 Tiebout 
 Willard . 
 Woodruff 
 Dearborn 
 
 Edwin (?) . 
 
 Gimbrede 
 Harrison 
 Kearny 
 
 CHECK LIST 
 NUMBERS 
 
 . 3353 
 310 
 
 922 
 
 . 1353 
 691 
 
 . 692 
 
 . 3116 
 
 . 1705 
 
 . 2673 
 
 . 2326 
 «ARID 
 
 » Q4TT 
 235 
 ATI 
 508-9 
 
 . 695, 855 
 . 1031 
 
 - 1160 
 
 . 1453 
 1454-55 
 - 1706 
 1916-19 
 . 2327 
 
 . 2530 
 
 . 2637 
 
 ~ 2744 
 
 . 2768, 2813 
 
 « O71 
 . 3080 
 . 3161 
 . 3366 
 
 . 3401, 3406 
 
 472 
 . 855 
 . 1032 
 - 1285 
 . 1565 
 
INDEX 
 
 ITEM ARTIST 
 Adams, John Quincy .. . Stuart . 
 King 
 Durand 
 Sully 
 Adams,Samuel ... . . Copley . 
 Johnston 
 Copley . 
 Mitchell 
 Addison, Joseph 
 Kneller . 
 Kneller . 
 fsop’s Fables . 
 
 Agdelotte, B. P. 
 Agricultural Soc., Phila. 
 Agriculture, Soc. for Promoting 
 
 Akenside, Mark 
 
 Alaman, Lucus . 
 
 Albany Dutch Church Se he eae 
 Hooker 
 
 Albany, Lancaster School . . Hooker 
 
 Albion,Lossofthe .. . . Birch 
 
 Alexander I— Russia 
 
 St. Aubin . 
 
 Svinin . 
 
 Algiers 
 
 Algiers, U.S. Senndect ate 
 
 Alhambra, The . 
 
 Ali Bey El Abbassi 
 
 Allegorical Scene . ‘ua eae es 
 Allen, Benjamin ... . . Brewster . 
 Allen, Richard . . .. . . Peale 
 Allen,Solomon. .. . . . Ames 
 Allen, William Henry 
 
 Alps, The . ; 
 
 318 
 
 CHECK LIST 
 ENGRAVER NUMBERS 
 Longacre . . . 1920-22 
 Moore > «. shee eee 
 Paradise . sss eee 
 W.D.Smith . . . . 2942 
 Durand . . a ae 
 
 Goodman § Piggot . . 1196 
 Graham. . . +» ANGE 
 
 Harris. “i eee 
 Longacre .* 0. @-eigas 
 Norman . . .-. « « 93% 
 Okey. 05.) Oa ee 
 Revere (oy ee ree 
 Willard 5 6.) OP PT 
 Boyd . se" oe sae 
 
 Edwin... . 693-694 
 Ellie... .0< Pee ee 
 
 Kelly 0. ee 
 Longacre ... . . 1980 
 W.D.Smith . . . . 2943 
 Normaw,.- . “250, He gSas 
 Longacre .. . . . 1994 
 Anderson .-. So, eat 
 Rawdon . 3. seo eae 
 Pekenino .... »« 9481 
 LOw30n 6 4 a a 
 Scoles. '.* « 2 ae 
 Siyder ,. 4s in Sales 
 
 Willard-Rawdon . . . 3397 
 Tiebout. 3.5 2 2 eee 
 
 Doolittle. os Yin eee 
 Edwina... 5. ee eee 
 Edw | is Se see 
 Edwin. >... eee 
 Gobrecht «>. . s  EROT 
 Longacre ... . » 1995 
 Scoles >. “a2 we 5) eee 
 Jocelyn 2° 6. as yee 
 Seymour. . . . 2886 
 
 Goodman & Pine . 1125 
 Revere ... coe 2696 
 Edwin (ew Oy eee 
 Boyd o's se ee eee 
 Tanner-Jones . . 1507, 3081 
 Edwin.) . Se eee 
 
 Plocher . .. . » « 2645 
 
ITEM 
 Alston, Washington 
 Alvarado, Pedro de 
 America 
 America, AS ale 
 
 America in Distress 
 
 America Guided by Wisdom . 
 
 American Landscape 
 American Locust . 
 American and Foreign Coin 
 American Colonization Soc. 
 American Musical Mag. 
 Americus Vespucius . 
 Ames, Fisher 
 
 Amelia . 
 
 Amicable Fire Ba. 
 Anacreon . 
 Anatomy . ‘ 
 Anatomical Figure 
 
 Ancient Musical Instruments . 
 
 Andalusia, Pa. . 
 André, John . 
 
 Andrews, John . 
 
 Angel and Child 
 
 Angelo, Mr. .~. ’ 
 Anglesey, Marquis of 
 Ankarstrom, J. . 
 
 Anne, Queen of England 
 
 Annunciation, The 
 Antossee, Battle of 
 Apollinopolis, Temple of 
 Apollo . 
 
 Apologies for Rippling: 
 Appleton, Jesse : 
 Aqueduct Bridge, Evora 
 
 Archipelago, U.S. Sloop . . 
 
 Argyle, Duke of 
 
 INDEX 
 
 ARTIST 
 Johnston . 
 
 Barralet 
 
 Barralet 
 Durand. 
 
 Stuart . 
 Stuart . 
 Stuart . 
 Stuart . 
 Stuart . 
 Stuart . 
 
 Bell . 
 Birch 
 
 Sully 
 
 De Wilde . 
 
 (Caricature) . 
 
 Penniman . 
 Bennett 
 
 319 
 
 ENGRAVER 
 
 Johnston 
 Lawson 
 Doolittle . 
 Edwin 
 Harris 
 Revere 
 
 Tanner & Co. 
 
 Smillie 
 Doolittle 
 Reed . 
 Stone . 
 Doolittle 
 Fairman . 
 Boyd . 
 Edwin 
 Gimbrede 
 Kelly . 
 Leney . 
 Pru@Vhomme 
 
 Trenchard . 
 
 Callender 
 Edwin 
 Edwin 
 Anderson 
 Edwin 
 Steel 
 Pelton 
 Scoles 
 Edwin 
 Graham . 
 
 . Leney . 
 
 Scoles . 
 Tiebout 
 Boyd . 
 DLeney . 
 Maverick. 
 Tiebout . 
 ox; Webbe 
 Scoles. 
 Durand . 
 Charles . 
 Chorley 
 Tanner 
 Bennett . 
 Scoles 
 
 CHECK LIST 
 NUMBERS 
 
 - 1484 
 . 1679 
 522 
 
 - 925 
 ~ 1277 
 . 2674 
 . S115 
 672 
 
 - 523 
 . 2661 
 . 3039 
 524 
 993 
 
 - 245 
 702-4 
 - 1033 
 . 1593 
 . 1107 
 . 2556 
 . 3302 
 288 
 705 
 941 
 66 
 
 . 934 
 . 3038 
 . 2478 
 . 2769 
 . 706 
 . 1175 
 . 1708 
 . 2820 
 - 3163 
 . 246 
 - L709 
 . 2181 
 . 3236 
 - 285 
 . 2850 
 552 
 336 
 
 . 383 
 . S117 
 . 145 
 . 2821 
 
ITEM 
 
 Ariadne ; 
 Ariosto, Ludovico . 
 Arlington, Earl of 
 Arminius, James 
 Arms of Christian 
 Arnold, Benedict . 
 Asbury, Francis 
 
 Ashman, Jehudi 
 ATRERS 6: Gal ls 
 Athens, Ruins of 
 Atterbury, Francis 
 Auchmuty, Samuel 
 Averill, Chester 
 
 Backus, Azel 
 
 Bacon, Sir Francis 
 Bailey, Robert . 
 
 Bainbridge, William . 
 
 Bainbridge’s Return . 
 Bainbridge’s Squadron . 
 
 Baker, Mr. 
 
 Baker, Rachel 
 Baker, Rachel 
 Bakers’ Falls, N. Y. 
 Balbec « is 6 
 
 Balboa, Vasco Nunez de 
 
 Baldwin, Thomas . 
 
 Ball, William 
 Ballou, Hosea 
 
 Balston Springs, N. Y. 
 Baltimore, George Calvert Ld. 
 
 Baltimore,Md.. . 
 
 Baltimore Battle Monument . 
 Baltimore Court House . 
 
 INDEX 
 
 ARTIST 
 Vanderlyn 
 
 Lely . 
 
 Paradise 
 Paradise 
 Jocelyn. 
 
 Doughty 
 Metz. 
 
 Sexton . 
 Wood 
 
 Holbein 
 
 Du Simitiere . 
 
 ENGRAVER 
 
 Durand . 
 Fairman . 
 Haines 
 Paradise . 
 Tiebout 
 G.G. Smith . 
 Annin & Smith 
 Gimbrede 
 Tanner 
 Jocelyn . 
 Lang . 
 Kelly . 
 Maverick 
 Edwin. 
 Pru@homme 
 
 Longacre . 
 Annin & Smith 
 Haines 
 Martin. 
 
 . Delleker . 
 
 Jarvis . 
 Stuart . 
 Jarvis . 
 Williams . 
 Corne 
 Fanning 
 
 Lovett . 
 Jarvis 
 
 Doyle 
 Doyle . 
 Strickland 
 Goodrich . 
 Leseur . 
 
 Doughty 
 Godefroy . 
 Godefroy. . 
 
 320 
 
 . Durand 
 
 Edwin 
 Lewis . 
 Maverick 
 Reed & Stiles 
 J.R. Smith . 
 Leney . 
 G.G. Smith . 
 Hill 
 Gimbrede 
 Hamlin 
 Hill. 
 Shallus 
 Longacre 
 Gobrecht 
 Hoogland 
 Kneass 
 Bowen 
 
 Hag ea 
 Edwin 
 Bennett . 
 Steel . 
 Tanner 
 Cone . 
 
ITEM 
 Baltimore Independent Church 
 Baltimore Marine Society . 
 Bangs, Nathan . 
 
 Banks, Thomas . 
 Baptism of Christ 
 Baptismal Scene 
 Barbould, Anna L. 
 Barclay, Miss 
 Bard, John 
 
 Bard, Samuel 
 Barlow, Joel 
 
 Barnes, John 
 Barnes, Mary G. 
 Barney, Joshua 
 Baron, George . 
 Barron, James . 
 Barry, John . 
 
 Barry, William T. . 
 
 Barrymore, Earlof . 
 Barton, Benjamin Smith 
 
 Bascom, Henry B. 
 Bass Isle . 
 
 Basso Relievo 
 Bastile, The . 
 
 Bateman, James 
 BattleScene. 
 Bayard, James A. . 
 Bayard, John 
 Baxter, Richard 
 
 Beach,W. . 
 Beattie, James . 
 
 ' Beck, Theodoric R. 
 Bedell, Gregory T. 
 
 INDEX 
 
 ARTIST 
 
 Godefroy . 
 Paradise 
 Northcote . 
 Barralet 
 Smith 
 
 De Wilde . 
 Sharpless . 
 
 Vanderlyn 
 Le Barbier 
 
 Fulton . 
 Neagle . 
 Neagle . 
 Wood 
 Howell . 
 Neagle . 
 Stuart . 
 Stuart . 
 King 
 Longacre . 
 De Wilde . 
 
 Haines . 
 Otis . 
 Neagle . 
 
 Wertmiiller . 
 
 e 
 
 Weir. e e e 
 Lawrence. . 
 
 321 
 
 Paradise .. 
 
 CHECK LIST 
 
 ENGRAVER NUMBERS 
 Tanner & Co. . 3129 
 Houlton . . 1452 
 Durand . 554 
 Leney . 1710 
 Tiebout . . 3237 
 Hill. . 1393 
 Ellis . . 916 
 Leney . 1711 
 Leney . 1712 
 Main . . 2160 
 Anderson 45 
 Edwin 710 
 Durand . 655 
 Tisdale . 3250 
 Durand 556 
 Durand 557 
 Childs 340 
 Anderson eo OF 
 Steel . 3000 
 Edwin 711 
 Longacre . 1928 
 Longacre . 1930 
 Longacre . 1929 
 Leney «1718 
 Gobrecht . - 1109 
 Haines - 1190 
 Otis - 2379 
 Longacre . 1931 
 Seymour . 2889 
 Edwin 935 
 Clarke “411 
 Tiebout . 3201 
 Longacre - 1932 
 Middleton . . . . « 2274 
 Goodman & Piggot . . 1127 
 Edwin ely aude eee 
 Edwin . 952 
 Paradise. . . . - » 2387 
 Snyder . 2995 
 Paradise. . . 2388 
 Edwin 1 12 
 Longacre . 2135 
 Pekenino - » 2432 
 Prudhomme wot ed eOoe 
 
 Humphrys... .- «» 1469 
 
ITEM 
 
 Bedell, Gregory T. 
 
 Bedford, Duke of 
 Belknap, Jeremy . 
 Belisarius F 
 Belmont, Pa. 
 Belvedere House . 
 Bennett, George 
 Benson, Joseph 
 Beranger, Pierre J. . 
 Bergen, Ne yy. ee 
 Berkshire Medical Inst. 
 Bernadotte, Gen. . 
 
 Bernard, John . 
 
 Berridge, John 
 
 Berrien, John McPherson . 
 
 Berthier, Canada . 
 Berthier, Louis Alexander 
 Bethlehem, Pa. 
 
 Betty, Wm. H. West . 
 Between Two Stools 
 Between the Logs 
 Bichat, M. F. X. 
 Biddle, James : 
 Biddle, Capt. Nicholas 
 Biddle, Nicholas, Esq. 
 Bill-head, Brackett 
 
 Bill-head, Cromwell’s Tavern . 
 
 Bird Catching in Orkney 
 Bishop, Robert H. 
 Black, Joseph 
 Blackburn, Gideon 
 Blackmore, Richard . 
 Blackstone, William . 
 
 Blair, Hugh . 
 
 INDEX 
 
 ARTIST 
 
 Neagle . 
 
 Neagle . 
 
 Jackson 
 
 Longacre .. 
 Birch . 
 (Caricature) . 
 Paradise 
 
 Choquet 
 Wood 
 
 Peale 
 Jarvis 
 Raeburn 
 
 322 
 
 ENGRAVER 
 
 Longacre 
 Longacre 
 
 . Steel 
 
 Haines 
 Harris 
 
 . Gavin. 
 
 Birch . 
 
 . Scoles 
 
 Pelton 
 Gimbrede 
 Yeager 
 Scoles 
 
 . Amnin & Smith 
 
 Schwartz 
 
 . Tanner & Co. . 
 . Edwin 
 . Harris 
 
 Bowen 
 
 . Longacre 
 Robertson _ . 
 
 Maverick 
 Tanner & Co. 
 
 . Hill 
 
 Strickland . 
 Leney . 
 Charles 
 
 W. D. Smith 
 Annin & Smith 
 Gimbrede 
 Edwin 
 
 Longacre-Welch . 
 
 Revere 
 Callender 
 Fill 
 Longacre 
 Kneass 
 Maverick 
 Hdwin 
 Edwin 
 Hill ~ 
 Scoles 
 Durand . 
 Kelly ... 
 Mawerick 
 Scoles 
 Tiebout 
 Vallance 
 
 CHECK LIST 
 NUMBERS 
 
 . 1934 
 . 1935 
 . 3001 
 . 1191 
 . 1266 
 . 1027 
 . 191 
 . 2894 
 . 2479 
 . 1036 
 . 3419 
 . 2895 
 . 108 
 . 2765 
 . 3114 
 18 
 . 1267 
 . ii 
 . 1937 
 . 2236 
 . 3113 
 . 1388 
 . . 3053 
 1714-15 
 . 339 
 . 2944 
 
 sowie We 
 1037-38 , 
 
 - 714 
 . 1938 
 . 2698 
 - 292 
 . 1389 
 . 1939 
 
 . 1646 © 
 
 . 2184 
 
 715 
 - 716 
 . 1362 
 . 2770 
 
 558 © 
 
 159495 
 . . 2185 
 2771 
 . 3164 
 . 3339 
 
 ™ 
 
ITEM 
 
 Blair, John D. 
 Blakely, Johnston . 
 Blanchard, Mrs. 
 Bland, Mrs. 
 
 Bleecker, Ann Eliza . 
 
 Bligh, William . 
 Blisset, Francis 
 Bloomfield, Joseph 
 Blucher, Gen. 
 
 Blunt, Edmund M. 
 Boats on Mohawk . 
 
 Boerhaave, Herman . 
 
 Boleyn, Anne 
 
 Bolinbroke, Lord . 
 Bolivar, Simon . 
 
 Bolles, Lucius 
 Bolling Dam, Va. . 
 
 Bonaparte in Trouble 
 Bonaparte, Josephine 
 Bones, ete., from Ohio 
 
 Bonnet, Charles 
 
 Book-plate, Laleytecaat 
 
 INDEX 
 
 ARTIST 
 
 e Thompson. 
 
 De Wilde . 
 De Wilde . 
 
 Leslie 
 
 (Caricature) . 
 
 Loss. 
 Stothard . 
 Holbein 
 
 Edwards 
 Shaw. 
 
 (Caricature) . 
 
 Book-plate, Farmington Pibrery 
 
 Book-plate, N. Y. Society . 
 
 Boone, Daniel 
 
 Booth, Junius Brutus . 
 
 Bordentown, N. J. 
 
 Boston, Mass. 
 View of 
 
 Plan of 
 
 Harding 
 Neagle . 
 Bridport 
 Fraser . 
 Hill . 
 
 Johnston . 
 
 323 
 
 CHECK LIST 
 
 ENGRAVER NUMBERS 
 Martin . 2178 
 Gimbrede . 1039 
 Leney TTS 
 Leney ~ 117 
 Tiebout . . 3165 
 Houston . 1456 
 Edwin . 86 
 Gridley . 1178 
 Rollinson . 2722 
 Tanner & Co. . 3114 
 Akin . 20 ae ba 
 
 . Maverick . 2237 
 . Gimbrede - 1040 
 Kelly . - 1596 
 Cook . - 430 
 Scoles « 2472 
 Childs . SA4l 
 Longacre . 1940 
 Maverick . 2186 
 Pekenino . 2433, 2439 
 Pelton . 2480 
 Hill . 1343 
 Doolittie 530 
 Edwin . (94 
 Trenchard . . 3284 
 Edwin 17 
 Godwin . . 1120 
 Bull . 283 
 Gallaudet . 1026 
 Longacre . 1941 
 Ellis 964, 
 
 - Drayton . . . 542 
 ‘ Goodman & Pivebe Mar ae 2 F 
 . Steel . . . 3038 
 . Bennett . 125 
 . Childs . 855 
 . Hill . 1390 
 . Revere 2677 —78 
 . NScoles . 2826 
 . Steel . . 3021 
 Trenchard . . 3285 
 Turner . 3330 
 
 . Bowen . 220-23 
 Callender 297 
 Dewing 483 
 
ITEM 
 Pink Of. G0... Bee 
 
 Almshouse 
 
 Arch at : 
 Bank—U. S. Beane * 
 Beacon Hill Monument . 
 Brick Meeting 
 
 Castle William . 
 
 Charles River Bridge . 
 
 Coffee House 
 Common, The 
 
 Court House . 
 Faneuil Hall 
 
 Faneuil Hall Market . 
 Hancock House 
 Harbor, Plan of 
 Hollis St. Church . 
 Lighthouse 
 
 North Battery . 
 
 Ships Landing ee a i 
 State House . : 
 Third Baptist ey 
 
 Boston and Provincial Camp . 
 
 Boston Marine Society . 
 Boston Massacre . : 
 Boston, Wreck of Ship . 
 Boudinot, Elias 
 
 Bouquet, Col., and Indians 
 Bourgeois, Sir Francis . 
 Bowdoin, James 
 
 Bowditch, Nathaniel . 
 
 Pierpont 
 Hill . 
 Bulfinch 
 
 Edes 
 
 (Certificate) 
 
 Sully 
 
 ENGRAVER 
 
 . Hill 
 
 Johnston 
 Norman . 
 G4. G. Smith 
 
 Trenchard . 
 
 Vallance 
 
 - Wightman . 
 
 Yeager 
 Bowen 
 
 . Hill 
 
 . Bowen 
 - Tanner 
 . Kidder 
 . Hill 
 
 . Revere 
 . Scoles 
 . Hill 
 
 . Scoles 
 . Wightman . 
 . Hill 
 
 . Kidder 
 . Kidder 
 . Hill 
 
 . Bowen 
 . Hill 
 
 . Lownes 
 
 Vallance 
 
 . Burgis 
 . Hill 
 
 . Revere 
 . Revere 
 . Hill 
 
 . Kidder 
 . Aitken 
 
 Callender 
 
 . Revere 
 . Porter 
 . Boyd . 
 
 Waldo & Jewett Durand . 
 Waldo & Jewett Paradise 
 
 B. West 
 Northcote . 
 
 Stuart . 
 Stuart . 
 324 
 
 . Revere 
 . Leney 
 . Hill 
 
 J.R.Smith . 
 
 Pelton 
 
 co 
 © 
 fos) 
 
ITEM 
 
 Bradford, William 
 Brainard, J.G.C. . 
 
 Brainerd, Thomas 
 Braithwaite, Anna 
 
 Branch, John 
 
 Brazilian Indians . 
 Breadfruit, The 
 
 Breck, Samuel— Residence 
 
 Breed’s Hill, Mass. 
 
 Breed’s Hill, Action at . 
 
 Bremer, Fredrika . 
 Brice, Andrew . 
 
 Brissot, J. P. 
 
 British Drama . 
 
 Broadhead’s Creek, Pa. . 
 Brockwell, Charles 
 
 Brooks, John 
 
 Brooks, Nathan C. 
 Brother Jonathan’s Soliloqu 
 Brougham, Henry 
 
 Brown, Clark . 
 
 Brown, Jacob 
 
 Brown, Tipping 
 Browne, Thomas 
 Bruce, Archibald . 
 
 Bruen, M. . 
 
 Brunson, Alfred . ‘ 
 Bryant, William Cullen. 
 Buckminster, Joseph S.. . 
 Buckminster, J. , 
 
 Budgell, Eustace . 
 Buell, Samuel . 
 Buffalo,N.Y. . . 
 Building the Ark . 
 Bunker Hill Battle 
 
 INDEX 
 
 ARTIST ENGRAVER 
 “pe ose», Mdm 
 Tisdale. . . Longacre 
 J.R.Smith . J.R.Smith . 
 Dunlap . - Durand . 
 Longacre: . Longacre 
 Peale . . . Longacre 
 : . Reiche 
 gutters . Strickland . 
 Birch . Steel . 
 Johnston . Steel . 
 (Plan) . . Martin 
 Sodermark . Prud’homme 
 . Leney 
 oo et ee tae COME 
 (Title-page) . Longacre 
 Hoffman . . Scoles 
 Pelham. . . Pelham . 
 Frothingham Chorley . 
 Stuart . . Durand . 
 Miller . Horton 
 (Caricature) . Kensett . . 
 . Pru@homme 
 Willard . 
 eae: . Stone . 
 Jarvis . . . Durand . 
 Wood .. . Gimbrede 
 Jarvis . Maverick 
 . ‘ . Tanner & Co. 
 Hoquier . Leney . 
 eel Bie . Scoles 
 Brown . . Hoogland 
 Arlaud . . Longacre 
 Shaffer . . Paradise 
 Paper er" . Durand . 
 Stuart . Edwin 
 . ° . Kelly . 
 Fermin. . . Leney 
 Reed .. . Reed. 
 - Bennett . 
 - Weston . 
 . Annin & Smith 
 Meer war eerceremryae: 
 Trumbull . . Norman . 
 ew a sce w SROMaNENS 
 De Berniere . G.G. Smith 
 
 325 
 
 CHECK LIST 
 NUMBERS 
 
 oi th6 
 
 . 1942 
 
 . 2918 
 
 - 660 
 
 . 1943 
 
 - 1944 
 
 - 2664 
 
 . 3070 
 
 . 3038 
 
 - 3022 
 
 - 2174 
 
 - 2559 
 
 - 1719 
 
 . . 2773 
 2151-52 
 - 2827 
 
 . 2460 
 
 . 384 
 
 . . 2359 
 2731-32 
 . . 9910 
 
ITEM 
 Bunyan, John 
 
 Burder, George 
 Burgomaster, The 
 Burgoyne, Capture of 
 Burgoyne’s Defeat 
 
 Buried with Him by Baptism 
 
 Burke, Edmund 
 
 Burke, Mr. . . 
 Burkitt, William . 
 Burns, Robert . 
 
 Burns’ Works 
 
 Burnside, A. FE. 
 
 Burr, Aaron . aut 
 Burr, Aaron— Residence 
 Burrow, Dr. . 
 
 Bush Hill, Pa. . 
 
 Bushong’s Tavern, Pa. . 
 Business Card, Ashton’s 
 Danvers & 
 
 Beverly . 
 
 S. Emery 
 Greenwood 
 W. Hamlin 
 
 Harbeson . 
 
 Humphrys 
 A. March 
 
 INDEX 
 
 ARTIST 
 
 Fountain . 
 Derby . 
 (Plan) «<4 
 (Plan) . 
 Wood 
 Nasmyth 
 Nasmyth 
 
 Nasmyth 
 
 (Title-page) . 
 
 Hoffman 
 
 » Dighton 
 
 326 
 
 ENGRAVER 
 
 . Anderson 
 
 Chapin 
 Hamm 
 Longacre 
 
 . Maverick 
 . Paradise 
 
 W.D. Smith 
 Tanner 
 
 - Hamm 
 
 Okey . 
 
 . Maverick 
 
 . Martin 
 
 . Fairman 
 
 . Revere 
 
 . EKdwin 
 
 . Pru@homme 
 . Steel 
 
 Tanner 
 
 . Childs 
 
 Edwin 
 
 . Hillis 
 
 . Haines 
 
 . Lawson . 
 . Maverick 
 . Pekenino 
 . Scot 
 
 W.D. Smith 
 Throop 
 Tiebout 
 Harrison 
 Pelton 
 Gridley 
 Tiebout 
 
 . Martin 
 . Malcom . 
 . Tiebout 
 
 Trenchard . 
 
 . Sparrow . 
 
 Callender 
 Callender 
 
 . Revere 
 
 . Hamlin . 
 
 . Dawkins . 
 
 . Humphrys . 
 
 Akin . 
 
 CHECK LIST 
 NUMBERS 
 
 . 68 
 . 304 
 . 1254 
 . 1946 
 . 2188 
 . 2391 
 . 2945 
 . 3083 
 . 1255 
 . 2374 
 . 2269 
 . 2176 
 «+ 999 
 »~ jageegh 
 . 720-21 
 . 2619 
 . 3002 
 . 3084 
 343 
 722 
 965 
 
 . 1193 
 . 1680 
 . 2189 
 . 2435 
 . 2855 
 . 2946 
 . 3158 
 . 3166 
 . 1310 
 . 2482 
 . 1179 
 . 3202 
 . 2173 
 . 2167 
 . 3203 
 . 3283 
 . 2999 
 
 291 
 
 . 290 
 . 2699 
 1250-52 
 . 463 
 . 1473 
 29 
 
ITEM 
 
 Bute, Lord 
 
 Butler, Alban 
 Butler,Gen.. .. . 
 Buttermilk Falls, Pa. 
 Byles, Mather 
 
 Byron, Lord 
 
 Cesar Augustus 
 Cabell, E. C. 
 Cader Iris 
 
 Cain and Abel . 
 Calcutta 
 Calhoun, John C. 
 
 Calvin, John. ™ 
 
 Cambridge, Colleges at . 
 
 Cambridge Christ Church . 
 
 Campbell, Thomas 
 
 Campbell, Mr. 
 
 Camden, Ear! of 
 Canada River 1k 
 Canada, Seat of War in 
 Canada, Upper and Lower 
 Caner, Henry 
 
 Ganning, Co .)ss0% 
 Cannon, N.C. W. . 
 Canova, Antonio 
 
 Canton Factories . 
 Cape Monserado 
 
 INDEX 
 
 ARTIST 
 
 Pelham . 
 Phillips 
 Sanders 
 Phillips 
 Phillips 
 Phillips 
 West 
 Westall 
 
 Phillips 
 West 
 
 Craig 
 King 
 Dacier . 
 
 Chadwick . 
 
 Strutt 
 (Map) . 
 (Map) . 
 
 (Map) . 
 Smibert 
 
 Dodge . 
 
 327 
 
 ENGRAVER 
 
 . Haines 
 
 Neagle 
 Hamlin . 
 Murray 
 Harris 
 
 . Pelham 
 
 Edwin 
 
 . Ellis 
 
 . Hillis : 
 . Durand . 
 . Gimbrede 
 
 - Kelly . 
 
 . Longacre 
 
 . Longacre 
 
 Longacre 
 
 . Pelton 
 
 W.D. Smith 
 
 Thornton 
 Pru@homme 
 Tanner 
 
 . Hill 
 . Campbell 
 . Longacre 
 
 Longacre 
 Bowen 
 
 . Boyd . 
 . Kneass 
 
 Snyder . 
 
 . Hill 
 
 . Revere 
 
 . Hill 
 
 . Gimbrede 
 . Longacre 
 . Pekenino 
 
 Wightman . 
 Haines 
 
 . Johnston 
 . Aitken 
 . Kensett . 
 
 Pelham 
 Pru@homme 
 SY, SY eereet 
 Durand . 
 
 . Scoles 
 
 Stone . 
 
 CHECK LIST 
 NUMBERS 
 
 . 1192 
 . 2302 
 - 1228 
 . 2290 
 . 1268 
 . 2461 
 
 123 
 
 966 
 
 967 
 . 564 
 - 1042 
 . 1598 
 - 1947 
 . 1948 
 . 2139 
 . 2483 
 ~ 2947 
 
 . 3154 
 
 . 2560 
 
 . 3120 
 
 . 1358 
 
 2 ee 
 1949 —50 
 + 1951 
 218 
 
 . 248 
 
 . 1647 
 
 . 2995 
 
 . 1396 
 
 . 2682 
 
 » 1399 
 
 . 1043 
 
 . 2139 
 
ITEM 
 Capers, William 
 Carey, William . 
 
 Carolan 
 
 Caroline, Queen 
 Carpenter’s Co, Phila. 
 Carroll, Charles, of C. 
 
 Carroll, John 
 
 Cascade, The— Pa. 
 Caslon, Mrs. E. 
 
 Cass, Lewis . ; 
 Catharine II— Russia 
 
 Catskill, N.Y. . 
 Catskill Mountains 
 Caulfield, Mr. 
 
 Cervantes, Miguel 
 
 Chambers, Sir William ‘ 
 Channing, Wm. Ellery . 
 
 Chapman, Nathaniel . 
 
 Chappe, Abbé . 
 Charles I—England . 
 
 Charles II— England 
 
 Charles V— Germany 
 Charles XII—Sweden 
 
 Charleston, S. C., Siege of . 
 
 Charlestown, Mass. 
 
 Charlestown Peninsula . 
 
 Charlemagne ; 
 Charlotte Elizabeth . 
 Chase, Henry 
 
 Chase, Philander 
 
 INDEX 
 
 ARTIST 
 Paradise 
 
 (Certificate) . 
 
 Harding 
 Field 
 Harding 
 
 Paul. . 
 Calton . 
 Tuthill . 
 
 Durand 
 
 De Wilde . 
 
 Reynolds . 
 
 Harding 
 Sully 
 
 Neagle . 
 
 Longacre . 
 
 Sully 
 
 Vandyck . 
 
 Titian . 
 
 (Map) . 
 
 Dickson 
 Paradise 
 Bogle 
 
 328 
 
 CHECK List 
 ENGRAVER NUMBERS 
 
 . Longacre ... . . 1952 
 . Bowen thay ig 
 . Ohilds: ... aes 342 
 . Kennedy - 1635 
 Willard . . 3369 
 Thackara . 3149 
 
 . Durand . . 566 — 
 . Longacre . 1954 
 . Longacre - 1953 
 - Anderson ..-. 1. 46 
 - Leney-Tanner. . 1722,3085 
 . Tiebout . . 3204 
 . Leney . 1723 
 . Lewis . . 1913 
 . Edwin 0 eS ee ees 
 - Bill. oom 2 ee 
 . Leney - « L724 
 Tanner » « 3130 
 
 .. Bennett . | 135 
 . Durand . » Ore 
 . Hewitt . 1318 
 . Leney - 1725 
 . Maverick . 2190 
 . Murray . . . 2283 
 . Hoogland 1417-18 
 - Goodman & Piggot . . 1128 
 . W.R. Jones . . - 1508 
 « Kelle eis . 1599 
 . Longacre - 1955 
 . Neagle : - 2303 
 . Clarks tht hal . 397 
 . Gimbrede . 1044 
 . Leney . 1726 
 . Edwin . 726 
 . Leney . 1727 
 . Anderson ee is 
 . Scoles - 2775 
 . Abernethie . ; 1 
 . Tanner . 3121 
 . Bowen , 224, 
 - Annin & Smith 112 
 . Bowes ase § 
 « W.D. Smith . 2950 
 . Paradise . 2392 
 . Pru@homme . . . 2561 
 
ITEM 
 
 Chase, Samuel . 
 Chatham, Earlof . 
 
 Chauncey, Isaac 
 
 Chesapeake and Shannon . 
 
 Chester, John 
 Chesterfield, Earl of . 
 
 Cheverus, John . 
 China Retreat, Pa. 
 
 Christ and the Law 
 Church, Benjamin 
 
 Church of Holy Sepulcher 
 
 Church in Distress 
 Church of God . 
 
 Cicero . ae 
 Cincinnati, Ohio . 
 Cincinnati, Society of 
 Claiborne, William C. C. 
 Clairon, Mademoiselle . 
 Clarendon, Earl of 
 Clark, Laban 
 
 Clavie Adem: . . ..... 
 
 Clarke, Beulah Allen 
 Clarke, John 
 
 Clarke, McDonald 
 
 Clarke, Mary Ann 
 Clarke,S. . 
 Clarkson, Thomas 
 Clay,Henry. . 
 
 Dickinson . 
 
 Birch 
 
 Huntington 
 
 Duval 
 Lely . 
 Paradise 
 Partridge . 
 Jackson 
 Derby . 
 Derby . 
 
 Lovett . 
 
 Inman . 
 
 Hubard 
 King 
 Linen 
 McPherson 
 
 329 
 
 ENGRAVER 
 
 . Longacre 
 
 Johnston 
 Leney 
 
 Deileker . 
 
 Edwin 
 Wightman . 
 
 Rawdon & Co. 
 
 - Osborn 
 
 . Scoles 
 
 - Hoogland 
 - Johnston 
 . Birch . 
 
 . Justice 
 
 . Revere 
 
 Trenchard . 
 
 - NScoles 
 . Hill 
 
 Chorley . 
 
 ~ Steel, 
 
 - Scot 
 . Longacre 
 
 Revere 
 
 . Haines 
 
 Durand . 
 Chorley . 
 
 - Durand . 
 - Edwin 
 
 . Longacre 
 . Paradise 
 
 W.D. Smith 
 Maverick 
 Graham . 
 
 . Hill 
 
 Gimbrede 
 
 . Maverick 
 
 Leney 
 Hill 
 
 . Maverick 
 
 Haines 
 
 . Longacre 
 . Longacre 
 
 Mawerick 
 
 Pru@homme . 
 
 Sth. «he 
 Willard. . 
 
 . 3024 
 
 CHECK LIST 
 NUMBERS 
 
 . 1956 
 - 1485 
 . 1728 
 
 478 
 - 727 
 . 3360 
 . 2642 
 . 2375 
 . 2776 
 . 1419 
 . 1486 
 -” 192 
 . 1564 
 - 2666 
 . 3287 
 - 2851 
 . 1356 
 
 385 
 
 . 2869 
 - 1957 
 . 2667 
 . 1195 
 . 567 
 
 390 
 
 568 
 . 728 
 . 1958 
 . 2393 
 . 2948 
 . 2193 
 . 1162 
 . 1365 
 - 1045 
 . 2194 
 - 1729 
 . 1371 
 . 2191 
 - 1203 
 - 1959 
 - 1960 
 . 2192 
 . 2562 
 
ITEM 
 
 Cliffton, William . 
 Clinton, De Witt 
 
 Clinton, George 
 
 Clovis . : 
 Clymer, Gaara 
 
 Cobb, David . 
 Cochran, John . 
 Codman, John . 
 Coke, Thomas 
 Colby, John . 
 Colden, sR has ate 
 
 Colden, Cadwallader D. 
 Cole, Joseph 
 
 Coligny, Admiral . 
 Collins, John 
 
 Collins, Williams . 
 Collins, Mr. ; : 
 ‘ Collingwood, Cuthbert : 
 Colman, Benjamin 
 
 Columbia, S. C. Stateless : 
 
 Columbia College, N. Y. 
 
 “Columbian Harmonist, The” 
 
 Columbian War 
 Columbus, Christopher . 
 
 Conde, Prince de 
 Condorcet, N. C. de 
 
 Concord, Mass. 
 
 Concord State House . 
 Congress Springs, N. Y. 
 Congreve, William 
 
 Connecticut River 
 
 INDEX 
 
 ARTIST 
 Field 
 Coffee 
 Ingham 
 Inman . 
 Trumbull . 
 Catlin 
 Ingham 
 Ames 
 Wright 
 Trott 
 Trott 
 
 Wildman . 
 
 Williams 
 
 ENGRAVER 
 
 . Hdwin 
 . Durand . 
 
 Durand ,. 
 
 - Durand . 
 . Leney 
 . Longacre 
 
 Pru@Vhomme 
 
 . Anderson 
 
 Maverick 
 Tiebout . 
 
 Galland . 
 
 Hooker . 
 Longacre 
 
 . Hdwin 
 
 Leney 
 
 . Pelton 
 . Rollinson 
 
 Williams 
 
 . Leney 
 
 Scoles 
 
 Waldo I mae Durand . 
 
 Neagle . 
 De Wilde . 
 
 Smibert 
 
 (Certificates ) 
 . . « Doolittle 
 
 Pigalt 
 Savage . 
 
 Maella . 
 
 LeSeur . 
 Kneller 
 White 
 Fisher 
 330 
 
 Longacre 
 Smither . 
 
 . Longacre 
 . Harrison 
 
 Leney 
 
 - Tanner & Co. . 
 . Pelham 
 
 Akin . 
 Rollinson 
 
 Tiebout . 
 
 . Edwin 
 . Longacre 
 . Maverick 
 
 Pelton 
 
 . Bowes 
 . Bannerman 
 
 Tisdale 
 
 . Hill 
 
 - Bowen 
 . Hill 
 
 . Leney 
 
 Longacre 
 Childs 
 
 . Ellis 
 
 CHECK LIST 
 NUMBERS 
 
 « 729 
 569 
 571 
 
 . 570 
 
 . 1730 
 
 . 1961 
 
 . 2563 
 
 . 48 
 
 . 2195 
 
 . 3167 
 
 . 1022 
 
 . 1441 
 
 . 1962 
 
 - 730 
 
 . 1731 
 
 . 2484 
 
 . 2705 
 
 . 3363 
 
 . 1732 
 
 » 2777 
 
 . 572 
 
 . 2120 
 
 . 2973 
 
 . 1963 
 
 . 1278 
 
 . 1733 
 
 . 3112 
 
 . 2463 
 
 eee 
 2728-30 
 
 » 531 
 
 . 3239 
 
 9S 
 
 . 1964 
 
 . 2197 
 
 . 2530 
 238 
 
 - Us 
 
 . 2351 
 
 . 1400 
 
 - 225 
 
 . 1326 
 
 . 1734 
 
 . 2140 
 357 
 977 
 
ITEM 
 
 Connecticut, Map of . 
 Connecticut Views 
 Connoisseurs, The 
 
 Conrad, R. T. 
 
 Constellation and Pe tanahyent 
 Constitution, U. S. Frigate 
 Constitution and G'uerriere 
 
 Constitution, Escape of . 
 
 Constitution, Levant and Cyane 
 
 Constantinople . 
 Contemplation . 
 Conway, Mr. and Mrs. 
 Conwell, Henry 
 Cook, James 
 
 Cook, James, Death of 
 Cook’s Voyages .. . 
 
 Cooke, George Frederick 
 
 Cooke, Monument of 
 
 Cooper, Ezekiel . . .. . 
 
 Cooper, J. Fennimore 
 
 Cooper, Myles 
 
 Cooper, Samuel 
 
 Cooper, Thomas 
 
 Cooper, Thomas oklntpe! 
 
 Cooper, William 
 Gormmeling, Bo. ke ck 
 
 Cornwallis, Charles Marquis . 
 
 Cortes, Ferdinando 
 Cossack Horseman . 
 
 INDEX 
 
 CHECK LIST 
 
 ARTIST ENGRAVER NUMBERS 
 Allen . oe SF 
 
 ee ee ee cs ee . 2662 
 (Caricature) Charles 337 
 tk eet Dodson . . 484 
 Savage . . Savage . , 2757-58 
 Lyon . . . Bowen 233 
 ae . Strickland- Hisas 1660, 3055 
 Birch Tiebout . 3206 
 »ewcere& . sLoogland . 1436 
 Strickland . Strickland . . 3054 
 ant eee Simonne . . 2900 
 Coupin . . Longacre . 2157 
 ety eda ae, WTAE . 3416 
 Neagle . . Bridport Q74 
 eet . Doolittle + ee 
 . Hill . 1368 
 
 Rollinson . 2706 
 
 Scoles . 2778 
 
 « Beets. . 2856 
 
 . Shallus 4 . 2893 
 
 » « « « « «+ Seot & Alierdice :. . 2867 
 (Illustrations) Revere 2684. 85 
 (Illustrations) Shallus . 2899 
 DeWilde . Anderson ere: 
 Leslie . Edwin . 734-36 
 Sully . Hdwin . 732 
 Dunlap . Leney . 1735 
 Durand . Durand . . 671 
 ai SR J.R. Smith . 2919 
 Otis . . Jones . . 1509 
 Paradise . Pru@homme . 2564 
 Blanchard . Dodson . 487 
 Mirbel . . Pelton Soh ka. . 2485 
 Po ae «, LORY Ne asian . 1736 
 er ee Norman . . 2329 
 Ingham . . Durand . 573 
 Leslie . Edwin 737 
 Wood . Edwin: . 36 
 a sehr Glog Oe. aa ER . 1269 
 Leslie . Lewis . 1914 
 Smibert . Pelham . 2464 
 Metcalf Longacre . 1965 
 ee Edwin foi T38 
 Jones . . 1510 
 
 Lawson . . 1679 
 
 Middleton . 2273 
 
 331 — 
 
ITEM 
 
 Cottage Scene . 2B, 
 Country Seats of U.S. . 
 Courtship vs. Matrimony 
 Cowell, Joseph . 
 
 Cowen, E. ; 
 Cowley, ‘Atrahac’ i 
 Cowley, Mrs. 
 
 Cowper, William 
 
 Cowper, Mrs. 
 
 Cox, Samuel H. 
 Coxsackie, N. Y. 
 Crabbe, George 
 Crawford, John 
 Crawford, William H. 
 Crawford, Mrs. 
 Creation of Eve 
 Cristiani, Stephen 
 Crocket, David 
 Croes, John . 
 Croghan, George . 
 Cromwell, Oliver 
 
 Cross, Jeremy L. . 
 
 Cromwell’s Head Tavern . 
 
 Croton Aqueduct, Views on 
 
 Crouch, Mrs. 
 
 Crown Point Fort 
 Crown of New England 
 Cruden, Alexander 
 
 Cullen, William 
 Cumberland, Duke of 
 Cumberland, Duchess of 
 Cumberland, Richard 
 Cupid and Psyche 
 Curran, John Philpot 
 
 INDEX 
 
 ARTIST 
 Bigg . 
 
 Sethe ao 
 
 N siete : 
 Deming 
 
 Lawrence 
 Romney 
 Heins 
 
 Paradise 
 
 Jarvis . 
 Roberts 
 
 Persico . 
 DeRose 
 Paradise 
 Walker . 
 Lely . 
 Morse 
 Munger 
 Tower 
 Tower 
 Graham 
 Brown . 
 
 Frey 
 
 332 
 
 ENGRAVER 
 
 . Tiebout . 
 
 Birch . 
 Hamlin . 
 
 . Durand . 
 
 W.D. Smith 
 
 . Scoles 
 
 . Hill 
 
 . Edwin 
 
 . Gimbrede 
 . Hill 
 
 . Longacre 
 . Maverick 
 . Pekenino 
 
 Maverick 
 
 . Durand . 
 
 . Leney 
 
 . Longacre 
 
 . Edwin 
 
 . Durand . 
 
 . Leney 
 
 . Hdwin 
 
 . Maverick 
 
 . Durand . 
 
 . Paradise 
 
 . Boyd . 
 
 - Boyd . 
 
 . Gimbrede 
 
 . Gimbrede 
 
 . Pru@homme j 
 . Scot & Allerdice . 
 . Jocelyn . 
 . Jocelyn . 
 . Callender 
 . Bennett . 
 .) Ae 
 
 . Leney 
 
 . Johnston 
 
 . G.G. Smith 
 . Kneass 
 
 Tucker 
 
 . Rollinson 
 
 . Leney 
 
 . Leney 
 
 . Edwin 
 
 . Hdwinm Ft 
 . Edwin... 
 
 CHECK LIST 
 
 NUMBERS 
 
 . 3207 
 189-190 
 . 1253 
 . 574 
 . 2949 
 . 2779 
 . 1366 
 . %39 
 - 1046 
 . 1367 
 . 2136 
 . 2198 
 . 2437 
 . 2199 
 . 575 
 . 1882 
 . 2137 
 740 
 
 . 576 
 . 1737 
 . 931 
 . 2200 
 < oT 
 . 2394 
 249 
 
 . 250 
 . 1048 
 . 1047 
 . 2565 
 . 2857 
 . 1532 
 . 1531 
 » « 892 
 128-134 
 . 1357 
 . 1738 
 . 1502 
 . 2914 
 . 1648 
 . 3303 
 . 2707 
 . 1739 
 . 1740 
 741 
 
ITEM 
 Curran, John Philpot 
 
 Cutler, BC. . 
 Cutler, Timothy 
 
 Daggett, David 
 Dalcho, Frederick 
 Dale, Richard 
 
 Dallas, Alexander J. . 
 
 Dallas, George Mifflin 
 Da Ponte, Lorenzo 
 
 Darley, Ellen Westray . 
 
 Darling Asleep 
 Dartmouth College 
 
 Dartmoor Prison . 
 
 Davenport, John 
 Davenport, Mrs. 
 
 Davie, Wm. Richardson 
 
 Dawes, Rufus 
 Dearborn, Henry . 
 
 Deblin, Miss 
 Decatur, Stephen . 
 
 Declaration of Independence . 
 
 De Kalb Monument . 
 Delancy, William H. | 
 
 INDEX 
 
 ARTIST 
 Hopson 
 
 Dickinson . 
 
 Pelham . 
 
 Wood 
 Fraser . 
 Wood 
 Wood 
 Stuart 
 Stuart 
 
 Harrison . 
 
 Rogers . 
 Doyle 
 Dunlap 
 Darley . 
 
 Dana 
 Dunham 
 
 Roberts 
 Vanderlyn 
 Cranch . 
 Peale 
 
 Sully 
 Birch 
 Stuart 
 Stuart 
 Plantou 
 
 Jarvis 
 Sully 
 
 Trumbull . 
 Trumbull . 
 
 Savage . 
 
 Miils: 
 
 333 
 
 CHECK LIST 
 
 ENGRAVER NUMBERS 
 
 - Houston . 1458 
 Tiebout . 3168 
 
 » Pru@Vhomme . 2566 
 Pelham . . 2465 
 Jocelyn . . 1533 
 
 - Durand . ets 
 . EHdwin 743 —T44 
 - Dodson nr ee) 480 
 - Goodman & Piggot . . 1129 
 . Leney . 1741 
 . Harrison . 1279 
 . Pekenino . 2452 
 - Hdwin . 145 
 . Leney . 1742 
 . Steel . . 3004 
 Edwin 928 
 
 . Bowen . 226 
 . Hill . 1401 
 . Doolittle . 632 
 - G.G. Smith . 2911 
 . Doolittle vate 2”) 
 . Leney . 1743 
 . Longacre . 1966 
 . Pru@Vhomme . 2567 
 . Hdwin . T46 
 Tanner & Co. . 3111 
 Wright . 3416 
 
 . Durand . 579 
 . Hdwin relate 
 . Edwin 748-749 
 Gimbrede . . 1049 
 Goodman & Piggot . . 1130 
 
 on LQUa es Callie cee . 1915 
 Osborn . 2376 
 
 . Pekenino . 2438 
 . Pru@homme . 2568 
 . Reed & Stiles . . 2658 
 . Strickland . . 3046 
 . Durand . 4 4 t2GTs 
 . Pru@homme 2622-23 
 . Savage . 2759 
 . Stone . . 3045 
 . Hill . 1327 
 . Dodson 486 
 
ITEM 
 
 Delano, Amasa . 
 Delaware Peninsula . 
 Delaware River 
 Delaware Water Gap 
 
 Dempster, John 
 Dennie, Joseph . 
 Dennie Memorial . 
 D’Eon Chevalier 
 
 “Deputy Commissioner’s Guide” 
 
 Derby, Countess of 
 Derwent Water 
 Descent from Cross 
 
 Despotism Vanquished . 
 
 De Sacy, Silvestre 
 Devon, Pa. : z 
 Dexter, Lord Timothy 
 
 INDEX 
 
 ARTIST 
 
 (Map) . 
 Birch 
 Durand 
 Birch 
 Wall 
 
 Fairman 
 
 Rubens 
 Birch 
 
 Peele 
 
 Dexter, Lord Timothy— Residence . 
 
 Dick, Thomas 
 Dickinson, John 
 Dickinson College, Pa. 
 Dillwyn, George 
 
 Dismal Swamp, Va. . 
 Dilworth, Thomas 
 Dock-cleaning Machine . 
 Dodd, William . 
 Doddridge, Philip 
 
 Doge’s Palace, Venice 
 Donoughmore, Lord . 
 D’Orsay, Alfred 
 Dorsey, John Syng 
 Drake, J. Rodman 
 Drais, Baron Charles de 
 Draper, Sir William . 
 Drayton, William Henry 
 Dryden, John 
 
 Dress 
 Duche, Jacob 
 Duff, Mrs. 
 Duff, John 
 
 Brackenridge 
 
 Inman 
 
 Sully 
 Rodgers 
 
 Reading 
 
 Neagle . 
 Neagle . 
 Williams 
 
 334 
 
 CHECK LIST 
 
 ENGRAVER NUMBERS 
 . Wightman... . . 3355 
 . Dawkins . . . . %) 466 
 .. Tucker. «ss Seth ae 
 . Durand’... a eet ate 
 . Strickland... . . S066 
 . Paradise .. «  « 9395 
 : Goodman & Piggot eres ® bs)! 
 . Fairman onda eee 
 
 - Norman. . « «1 -« Sa50 
 . Sparrow <0) whip Meee 
 
 - Leney oon 5 
 — Seymott oi teu pee 
 © Deney oi canen th use 
 . Tisdale . . . « « » 3269 
 . Pelton ¢ ai se 
 . Birch... ee eee 
 
 ~ Akin’... + Seth eee 
 . Paradise .; «+. . «2a06 
 . JR. Smith ee 
 
 Tucker. asiast® eae 
 
 . Smither.. . <2. eee 
 
 Tanner. «6.0 tien vee 
 . Bdwm « «4 sia eee 
 - Maverick . .. . . 2939 
 
 . Anderson . . GuG sale 
 . Maverick 4.0.1 % up eee 
 . Tanner oa. is Se eee 
 
 Chorley ©...) + gates see 
 
 . Edwin a1 ie aoe 
 . Reed... iiecehed ae eee 
 . Barkete « 3) eS eae 
 . Deny 2°. oo eee 
 
 Yeager . «9 wee are 
 Goodman & Pliage 1132-34 
 
 . Kelly, soa eee 
 
 Clay... 3 ee 
 Hatnes se i See 1196 
 Wright. vs. <3 
 
 . Kellyig is th eee 
 
 » autueers . DOng@ere a.) 5 eee 
 (Caricature) . 
 
 Akin 2 5 4°. 50a 
 
 . Malcom... . . » 2166 
 . Longacre . . . 5 + BaGT 
 . Durand 4.4.08 ee ee 
 
 Edwin-Boyd ... . "51 
 
INDEX 
 
 ITEM ARTIST ENGRAVER NUMBERS 
 
 Pee rOrnO a ves... ome . Edwin rien) oie er. 2964 
 Seepere Nae” . oe... Meanceors. . Edwins. » . . . . 732 
 Duncan, Admiral . - Tanner& Co. . . . . 38112 
 Dunstaffage Castle Le saree). Harrizon,. Rin 41982 
 Duplantier Mansion, La. . . Bitehoracsa die gt. boa 220k 
 
 Durand, Asher Brown Waldo a7 owett Pekenino :.. . . 2439 
 eee AS we oe «> LOGIONESS 2 5 488 
 rrr MmaMibere e.g ee ei. « ESTE). wwe vw » 1871 
 Dafoe. gles (Racehorse). Wright ... . . . S417 
 Dwight, Timothy ‘ Jocelyn’... ..'.. 1684-35 
 
 Trumbull . 
 
 . Leney 
 
 - LTAT 
 
 Wood . Leney . 1746 
 
 Eagle Tavern, Albany ott baa . Kneass . 1661 
 Eaglesfield, Pa. Mason . . Childs . 361 
 Hast River, N. Y. . Leney . 1883 
 Ser an - Maverick . 2240 
 
 Eastburn, Joseph . Otis . .. Clay. . 892 
 Bowman . Frederick . 1017 
 
 Otis . Otis . 2384 
 
 Eaton, John H. Longacre . . Longacre . 1968 
 Eaton, William ae ee. Hamlin . . 1229 
 Doyle . Snyder . 2990 
 
 Echo, Pa.. . . Birch . Birch . . 195 
 “Echo, The” . otk . Leney . 1905 
 Eden Vale, Mass. Edes . Hill . » » 1404 
 Edgeworth, Maria : ated eos > WAGMAN: . 42.0. Ge SSO 
 Edgeworth, MAte-aasidence Edgeworth . Childs ..... . 362 
 Beimperen wa. . Craig . . Caompbelin cat TY line) S01 
 Schetky . . Drayton. . ... . 548 
 
 | avant). Warnecke oni )..crec 8861 
 HWadward, Princeof Wales... .... . . Leney 2. wu... 1748 
 Seerencerya Gorey... ! etn. Pdwine’ . wenn’ T od 188 
 
 Edwards, Jonathan et a a ey | 
 . Annin & Smith 106 
 
 Doolittle it. SAS 
 
 . Edwin . 756-57 
 
 - Jocelyn . 1536-37 
 
 - Reed . 2649 —50 
 
 A, ky at - W.D. Smith . 2951 
 Egypt... wars (Map) . - Poupard : . 2553 
 Elbequier at ae See. nd co WaeEN, « TIBOR «8. ss -o. ¢ BBOS 
 Eleazer Draggedto Torture . ...... Allon. ...... 38 
 Election Scene in Phila. Krimmel . . Lawson... . . . 1692 
 RGMGret a ees wee |e) 1. a cewoxeeets .. Mdtoin eos 6 SD yp i986 
 
 335 
 
ITEM 
 Elgin Botanic Garden 
 
 Elijah and the Widow’s Son . 
 
 Eliot, Sir John . 
 
 Elisha and the Shunianiteed 
 
 Elizabeth, Queen . 
 
 Elizabeth . 
 
 Elk, The . 
 
 Elliott, E. 
 
 Elliott, Jesse Duncan 
 Ellison, Thomas 
 Ellsworth, Oliver . 
 
 Ely, Ezra Stiles 
 Elysian Bower, Pa. 
 Embury, Mrs. 
 Emmeline 
 
 Emmet, Thomas Addis ¢ 
 
 Emmons, Nathaniel . 
 Emmons, Richard 
 Emory, John 
 
 INDEX 
 
 ARTIST 
 Reinagle 
 Simond . 
 
 Le Suer 
 Pine . 
 Fairman . 
 Trumbull . 
 Trumbull . 
 
 Otis . 
 Birch 
 
 Morse 
 Badger 
 
 Longacre . 
 
 I fs 
 
 Emporium of Arts and Sciences (Title-page) 
 
 Epicurus . - 
 Epochs of Pintary 
 Erie Canal, Views on 
 
 Erie Canal Celebration . 
 
 Errington, John 
 Erskine, Alexander 
 Erskine, Thomas . 
 
 FKsten, Mrs. . 
 
 Etna, Summit of 
 Eugene, Prince of Savoy 
 Euripides 
 
 Eustis, William 
 
 Evarts, Jeremiah . 
 Eve and the Serpent . 
 
 Ewing, John 
 Ewing, J.S. . 
 
 Cosway 
 Cosway 
 DeWilde 
 Williams 
 M Ae 
 Morse 
 
 Fairman 
 
 336 
 
 ENGRAVER 
 
 . Leney 
 
 . Leney 
 
 . Eddy . 
 
 . Prudhomme 
 
 Longacre 
 
 . Edwin 
 .. Leney 
 
 Seymour 
 Osborn 
 Tiebout . 
 Ellis 
 
 . Pru@homme 
 . Edwin 
 
 . Fairman 
 
 . Hdwin 
 
 . Maverick 
 
 Childs 
 
 . Birch. 
 
 . Dodson . 
 
 . Barralet . 
 
 . J.R. Smith . 
 . Pelton 
 
 . Longacre 
 
 . Jones . 
 
 . Longacre 
 Edwin 
 
 . Durand . 
 
 Wilson-Eddy . 
 
 . Hill 
 . Maverick-Morin . 
 . Leney 
 
 Tiebout 
 
 . Maverick 
 
 . Murray . 
 
 . Leney 
 
 . Harrison 
 
 . Leney 
 
 . Longacre 
 
 . Annin & Smith 
 - Chorley . 
 
 . Longacre 
 
 Pelton 
 
 . Akin . 
 . Edwin 
 . Childs 
 
 . 2570 
 . 2156 
 
 . 9571 
 
 . 2201 
 
 CHECK LIST 
 NUMBERS 
 
 . 1884 
 . 1885 
 
 690 
 
 756 
 
 . 1749 
 . 2873 
 . BIT 
 . 3169 
 
 980 
 
 757 
 987 
 758 
 
 344 
 196 
 507 
 121 
 
 . 2920 
 . 2486 
 . 1969 
 . 1512 
 . 1970 
 
 949 
 581 
 
 . 3400 
 1329 —32 
 
ITEM 
 
 Fall of Fyers 
 
 Falls of the Sawkill 
 Falstaff [Syon5 
 Family Electioneering . 
 Famous Mountain, China . 
 Fandango, The . 
 Farm-Yard, etc. 
 
 Farren, Miss F 
 Fayetteville. .... 
 
 Female Character, Letters on 
 
 Fenelon 
 
 Fennell, James . 
 
 Ferguson, Adam 
 Ferrand, Marie Louis 
 Fielding, Henry 
 
 Fillmore, Millard . 
 Findley, Mary . 
 Finland View 
 
 Finley, James B. 
 Finley, Samuel. . 
 Finley Chain Bridge . 
 Finney, Charles G. 
 Fire-Engine, American 
 Fire-Engine, New York 
 
 Fireman’s Certificate 
 
 Fisher, Alexander M. 
 Fisher, Clara 
 
 Fisher, James 
 Fishkill, N. Y. . 
 Fisk, Pliny . 
 
 Fisk, Wilbur 
 
 Fitch’s Steamboat 
 Fitz, Henry . rae 
 Flat Rock Dam, Pa. . 
 Flavel, John . 
 
 Flechere, John W. dela . 
 
 INDEX 
 
 337 
 
 ARTIST ENGRAVER 
 etree . Kneass 
 Bennett - Durand . 
 Fuseli . . Leney 
 (Caricature). Charles 
 
 - Lawson . 
 
 - Seymour 
 weet. Prenchard. . 
 Ramberg . . Leney 
 Shaw Hill 
 (Title-page) . Longacre 
 Vivien . . Clarke 
 eee - Gaw . 
 Vivien . - Pelton 
 Wood - Boyd . 
 Doyle . Snyder 
 Reynolds . . Tucker 
 oe amines . EHdwin 
 Hogarth - Leney 
 oi. eee - Tucker 
 
 . Steel . 
 
 - Boyd . 
 
 Rete ey een Tanner 
 Paradise .. . Durand . 
 ok de cae es 10) ee ODA 
 Strickland . Tanner 
 Spencer . Paradise 
 
 . Folwell 
 
 » will 
 
 . Maverick 
 PPR at ne Godwin . 
 Robertson . Maverick 
 pe ce . J.R. Smith . 
 Morse . Jocelyn . 
 Inman . . Bennett . 
 
 . Scoles 
 
 . Hill 
 AAC ys . Hoogland 
 Paradise . Paradise 
 Scere . Trenchard . 
 Linen . W.D. Smith 
 Doughty . Steel . 
 cs SNE . Reed . 
 
 . J.R. Smith . 
 
 . Edwin 
 
 . Pru@homme 
 
 CHECK LIST 
 NUMBERS 
 
 - 1665 
 . 675 
 . 1908 
 - 332 
 . 1701 
 - 2892 
 . 3288 
 . 1753 
 . 1343 
 . 2148 
 . 398 
 . 1029 
 . 2488 
 . 251 
 . 2991 
 . 3305 
 . 9 
 . 1754 
 . 3306 
 . 3005 
 - 252 
 . 3125 
 
 582 
 . 760 
 . 3126 
 - 2397 
 - 1008 
 . 1347 
 . 2265 
 . 1118 
 . 2257 
 . 2940 
 . 1538 
 . 122 
 . 2780 
 . 1340 
 . 1420 
 . 2398 
 . 3289 
 . 2952 
 . 3038 
 . 2651 
 . 2941 
 . 761 
 . 2572 
 
ITEM 
 
 Fletcher, John . 
 Fletcher, Mary . 
 
 Floral Magazine 
 
 Florida, History of 
 
 Floyd, William . 
 
 Folwell, Dicky . 
 Fontenelle 
 
 Forrest, Edwin 
 
 Forster, Anthony . 
 
 Fort Crown Point 
 
 Fort Erie, Siege of ‘ 
 Fort McHenry, Battle of . 
 
 Fort McHenry, Bombardment 
 DT is ae 
 Fort Miller, N. Y. . 
 
 Fort Montgomery . 
 
 Fort Moultrie, Attack on 
 
 Fort Niagara 
 
 Fort Oswego 
 
 Fort Putnam 
 Fort Sandusky . 
 Fort Ticonderoga . 
 
 Fortune Hunter, The 
 Fothergill, John 
 
 Fountain Green, Pa. . 
 Fox, Charles James 
 
 Fox, George . 
 
 Francis I—France 
 
 Francis, John W. . 
 
 Francis, Sir Philip 
 
 Francis, William . 
 
 Francis, Mrs. William 
 Francisco, Peter 
 
 Francke, A. H. . Se ath 
 Frankfort State House, Ky. . 
 Franklin, Benjamin . 
 
 INDEX 
 
 ARTIST 
 
 CHECK LIST 
 NUMBERS 
 
 . Pekenino ... . . 2440 
 
 - Gimbrede . . . . . 1050 
 
 > «0. wt oe Longaera ae ee 
 (Title-page) . Longacre ... . . 2158 
 (Illustrations) Romans... . . . 2735 
 + + 0 e 6+ Durand] 73 See 
 (Caricature). Akin . . ..... J 
 ‘ Clarke... <5 St, Maes 
 
 ENGRAVER 
 
 Neagle . . Durand . . « S27 684 
 Marling . Goodman & Piggot . . 1185 
 ous Doe . Johnston. . «2 eso? 
 Douglas Vallance 2 ies a, beeen 
 ok ~ Bower a. i eee 
 
 . Harrison . . « . . 1814 
 Strickland . Kneass ... . . . 1658 
 
 . Bihs. ~o.c Pee eee 
 . ihe .>. yee ae 
 . Abernethte . os ss 2 
 . Strickland . . . . «3056 
 .. Clarke. « TSR Rae 
 . Strickland . . . . . 3057 
 
 (Map) 
 
 Weir . Durand. « 21% 42eT6 
 sited Mure . Strickland . sa>5 98058 
 Reinagle . Fairman vo OAL. Set 
 
 Cole. we... Kearny. eee 
 
 Wall . Maverick 5 es igh BREE 
 7. e ow Callender, 3a. 2a ees 
 
 . Clarke -.. . . . « 2/400 
 
 weak . Smtther = ey Pa eea7a 
 Birch . Bitches <i. see 
 coe aie . Boyd ys «643 a eee 
 . Edwin. % vee ae 
 
 . Kelly «. . . eae 
 
 . Prudhomme .. . . 2619 
 
 mies - Bowen =. . .) ees 
 Titian . Anderson 52 
 Herring . Pru@homme . 2573 
 Barta eo . Brown 279 
 Neagle . . Longacre 1974 
 Neagle . . Longacre 1975 
 Barralet . Edwin 921 
 . Longacre . 1976 
 
 . Scoles . 2831 
 
 Akin . 15 
 
 338 
 
ITEM 
 Franklin, Benjamin . 
 
 Franklin— Reeve . 
 Franklinville, Ky. . 
 Frederick II — Prussia 
 
 INDEX 
 
 ARTIST 
 Halloway . 
 
 Longacre . 
 Peale 
 Martin . 
 Martin . 
 
 Martin . 
 Chamberlin 
 
 Martin . 
 
 Martin . 
 Martin . 
 Wilson . 
 
 Martin . 
 Janinet 
 
 Peale 
 
 Janinet 
 Martin . 
 Martin . 
 Cochin . 
 Croome 
 Martin . 
 
 Martin . 
 
 339 
 
 CHECK LIST 
 ENGRAVER NUMBERS 
 
 Allardice «2... 6 Al 
 
 . Anderson .. Fae OL 
 
 . Bannerman. . . 114-15 
 . Dodiow .- -. FR eae 
 o. Bae ee ees 1S 
 Maen 2° a SES 
 » RTO. RR eS 
 
 Gobrecht’ . 2... 1110 
 
 . Goodman & Piggot 1186-37 
 Pam a fi) 3. cea at ana wren teekn! cas 1s 3g) 
 oy hl GARGS LOIRE. et ee 
 . Hamlin 220 2. 1980 
 » -darrison: : oS erl 286 
 
 FE a aie Oe 
 W.R. Jones es oe... 2 16 
 
 « Kelly: oc. O71 eet x OS 
 . Longacre . 1977-79, 2110 
 
 Longacre ... . . 1981 
 Longacre ... . . 1980 
 
 . Maverick-Durand .. 585 
 . P.R. Maverick . . . 2259 
 . S.Maverick . . . . 2267 
 . Marray. 2 eerie. 28286 
 . Norman... . 2331-32 
 OULD eo vera hai cae oa ee 
 . Pekenino .. . 2441=42 
 . Pelton . . «2489, 2580 
 « Perking -.* Ee Peas 
 . Savage. . SORIA UR TAG 
 « Beetles. owe 4 RIBI- BA 
 
 W.D.Smith .'. . . 9953 
 TQRREE. 0 Rea SUen 
 Tanner .. . . 3088-98 
 Thackara & Vallance . 3146 
 Throop ..°. « «*« 8156 
 
 . Tecket 3 eS a a eee 
 
 Warnicke .. . . . 3350 
 Wightman... . . 3358 
 Willard . , . .. . S371 
 Willard... . .”. «| . 3392 
 Woodruff ... . . 3402 
 Young & Delleker . . A79 
 Maverick ... . . 2203 
 TORNBES OS ae a en 
 BU As. « rw ene eae 
 
ITEM 
 Frederick William III and 
 
 Queen » heettendos 
 Freemasons Charity School 
 Fuller, Andrew 
 
 Fuller, William 
 Fulton, Robert . 
 
 Fulton First, Launch of 
 _ Fulton’s Ferry Boat . 
 Furman, Garrit 
 
 Gage’s Lines, Boston 
 Gaines, Edmund P. 
 Gallatin, Albert 
 Gamble, Thomas 
 Gano, Stephen . 
 
 Gansevoort, Peter 
 Garnett, Thomas 
 Garrettson, Freeborn 
 
 Garrick, David . 
 Gaston, William 
 Gates, Horatio . 
 
 Gay, John . 
 Genius of Penmanship 
 George I—England . 
 
 George II— England 
 
 George III—England 
 
 INDEX 
 
 ARTIST 
 Carter . 
 
 Ingham 
 West 
 
 West-Emmet 
 
 Barralet 
 Cummings 
 
 Jarvis 
 
 Gimbrede . 
 
 Waldo 
 
 Partridge . 
 
 Young . 
 
 Partridge . 
 
 Stuart 
 Smith 
 Paradise 
 Paradise 
 Paradise 
 
 Cooke 
 
 Stuart 
 
 Robertson 
 
 Beechey 
 340 
 
 ENGRAVER 
 
 Edwin 
 
 . Leney 
 
 Cone . 
 Gobrecht 
 
 . Durand . 
 . Leney 
 
 Leney 
 Longacre 
 
 . Pelton 
 
 Tanner 
 Leney 
 Durand . 
 
 Aitken 
 
 . Longacre 
 . Jones . 
 
 Longacre 
 Annin & Smith 
 
 . Hamlin. . 
 . Pekenino 
 
 . Pru@homme 
 . Leney 
 
 . Danforth 
 
 . Durand . 
 
 . Pru@homme 
 . EHdwin 
 
 . Durand . 
 
 Edwin 
 Norman . 
 Tiebout . 
 
 Gimbrede 
 
 Pekenino 
 
 . Maverick 
 . Allardice 
 
 Edwin 
 Maverick 
 
 . Allardice 
 . Boyd . 
 . Leney 
 
 . Allardice 
 . Boyd . 
 . Haines 
 
 Leney 
 
 . Longacre 
 
 CHECK LIST 
 NUMBERS 
 
 oo 6S 
 1886-87 
 . 420 
 
 . 1111 
 
 . . 586 
 1755-56 
 . L157 
 
 . 1982 
 
 . 2490 
 
 . 3131 
 
 . 1888 
 587 
 
ITEM 
 
 George IV — England 
 
 George, Prince of Wales 
 
 Gerbua, The . 
 Gerrald, Joseph 
 Gerry, Elbridge 
 
 Gessner, Solomon . 
 Giants Causeway . 
 
 Gibbon, Edward 
 
 Gibson, James . 
 Gifford, William 
 Gillies, John . 
 
 Gilpin, Henry D. 
 
 Gilpin’s Mills, Pa. 
 
 Girard, Stephen 
 Glendy, John 
 Glenn’s Falls 
 
 Gloucester, Jeremiah 
 Gloucester, John . 
 Gloucester, Wm. Fred., Prine of. 
 Goldsmith, Oliver . 
 
 Goodall, Mrs. 
 
 Goodrich, Jesse W. 
 
 Gough, Miss 
 
 Governor’s Guard . 
 
 Grafton, Joseph 
 
 Grafton, Duke of . 
 Graham, Isabella . 
 
 INDEX 
 
 ARTIST 
 
 Wivell 
 Lawrence . 
 
 Vanderlyn 
 
 heynolds . 
 Reynolds . 
 Reynolds . 
 Trott 
 
 Bogle 
 Inman . 
 Doughty 
 
 (Caricature) . 
 
 Otis e 
 Lawrence . 
 Robinson . 
 
 Reynolds . 
 Reynolds . 
 Reynolds . 
 Reynolds . 
 Reynolds . 
 
 DeWilde 
 Graham 
 Clay . 
 Goodrich 
 
 Jarvis 
 
 341 
 
 CHECK LIst 
 
 ENGRAVER NUMBERS 
 
 . Hoogland 1421 
 . Longacre . 1986 
 . Willard .-. . 3372 
 . Leney . 1761 
 . Revere . 2687 
 . Tanner . 3090 
 . Longacre ‘1987- 88 
 . J.R. Smith . - » 2921 
 . Hdwin . 769-70 
 . Harrison . 1295 
 . Tanner . 3128 
 . Durand . 590 
 . Lawson . . 1681 
 . Pelton . . 9401 
 : Goodman § Piggot 2088 
 . Hdwin : 771 
 Chapin . 3805 
 
 . Tucker . 3308 
 . Dodson . 490 
 . Steel . . 3038 
 Charles . 313 
 
 . Longacre . 1989 
 . Hill . 1340 
 Tiller . . 3240 
 Tanner-Jones . . 1514, 3091 
 
 . Leney . 1875 
 . Hdwin 772 
 . Ellis . 969 
 . Hoogland . 1422 
 . DLeney . 1762 
 . Longacre . 1990 
 . Longacre . 1980 
 . Neagle . 2304 
 . Pelton - 2492 
 . Pekenino . 2445 
 . Poupard . 2551 
 . Seymour . 2874 
 . Steel . . 3006 
 . Leney . 1763 
 . Pelton . 2493 
 . Leney . 1764 
 . Childs 364 
 . Annin & Smith . 98 
 . Haines . 1200 
 . DLeney . 1765 
 
ITEM 
 
 Graham, Isabella . 
 
 Granby, Marquis of . 
 Grand Chartreuse . 
 Gray, Thomas 
 
 Gray’s Ferry, Pa. . 
 
 Green Hill, Pa. . 
 Green, Samuel . 
 Green, Mr. .. 
 Greene, Nathaniel . 
 
 Greenwoods, Conn. 
 Grenoble, France . 
 Grenville, George . 
 Grey, Miss 
 
 Grey, Lady Jane 
 
 Griffin, EK. D. 5. 
 Griswold, Alexander v. 
 
 Grove, Henry 
 Gueule d’Enfer, Bridge on 
 Gurney, ‘Thomas 
 
 Hackett, James H. 
 Haddril’s Point, S. C. 
 Hadley’s Falls . 
 Hallam, Mrs. Lewis 
 Hamilton, Alexander 
 
 INDEX 
 
 ARTIST 
 
 Jarvis . 
 Jarvis 
 
 Lehman 
 Peale 
 Hoffman 
 
 Peale 
 Peale 
 
 Bonnetheau 
 
 . Northcote . 
 
 Wood 
 Inman . 
 Thomson 
 
 Woolaston. 
 
 Inman . 
 Fraser . 
 
 Dunlap . 
 
 Sharpless . 
 
 Dopvachi 
 Field 
 
 Trumbull . 
 
 Robertson 
 Cerrachi 
 
 342 
 
 . Leney 
 
 CHECK LIST 
 
 ENGRAVER NUMBERS 
 
 . Leney-Valentine . . . 3337 
 . Rollinson . . +. . » 9108 
 . Hatnes . oh ea eee 
 . Harrison . . « % 1807-8 
 . Longacre . . . . +. 9185 
 . Pekenino ... . . 2446 
 . Ttebout . .enhiniieeee 
 . Steel... 5 72) eee ee 
 
 Trenchard . 3290-91 
 
 - Mill . ~ soe ss 1405 
 . Pelton ... . . « Q494 
 - Seymour 4. . 9... « 2876 
 . Edwin 
 
 . 101, 773 
 Gimbrede ... . . 1052 
 
 . Longacre . sniew. qoages- 
 
 Neagle .... «xjmill, 2. Seceees 
 
 . Norman... . . « 9334 
 
 3252-53 
 Trenchard . - 3274 
 Willard . » > oO? 
 Trenchard . . . « ~ 3292 
 Kearny... . « » « 1687 
 
 Tisdale 
 
 . =Hames.. . . sees eee 
 . Alls... dite Se 
 
 Jocelyn . « +) «\ «> « 1689 
 
 . Longacre ... . . 1991 
 . DLeney... iith dae ee 
 
 Dodson. 6. «2, Foe 
 
 . Longacre... .s «3 aoe 
 « LORY ooo) ie oe 
 
 Kearny... s « « A688 
 
 . Birch oui. i 
 
 . Durand 4. «a 3 eee 
 . Bill vi i ae 
 . Bill, oe ee eee 
 . Tiebout..” so eee 
 . Anderson. ws ss oe ee 
 
 Cook ... . . seep eee 
 
 . Durand . © seal wopeeee? 
 . Fairman .... « 988 
 . Bield. . .. Bigat) fee 
 . Graham . .. » . ~» A163 
 
 Graham . ... . . 1164 
 1769-70 
 
ITEM 
 Hamilton, Alexander 
 
 Hamilton, James . 
 Hamilton Memorial . 
 Hamilton Monument 
 Hamilton, Lady 
 Hamline, L. L. . 
 Hampden, John 
 Hampton, Md. . . 
 Hampton Beach, Mass. . 
 Hancock, John . 
 
 Hand-in-Hand Soc. 
 Hannah, John . 
 Hannum, William 
 Hanson, Alex. Contee 
 Haralson, H. A. 
 eee oe 8 
 Harmon, Daniel Wm. 
 Harper’s Ferry, Va. . 
 
 Harrisburg, Pa.—Capitol . 
 
 Harrison, William H. 
 
 Hart, N.C. 
 Hartford, Conn. 
 Hartford Convention 
 Hartley, Mrs. 
 Harvard College 
 
 Harvey, William . 
 Harwood, John Edmund 
 
 INDEX 
 
 ARTIST 
 
 Ames 
 Ames 
 
 Robertson 
 Robertson 
 Robertson 
 Strickland 
 Romney 
 Pine . 
 Birch 
 Kidder . 
 Copley . 
 
 Copley . 
 
 ‘. 
 
 Paradise 
 Graham 
 Jarvis 
 Hicholiz 
 Schroeder . 
 
 . Doughty 
 
 Doughty 
 Lambdin . 
 Wood 
 Hott . 
 
 Paradise 
 Barber . 
 
 (Caricature) . 
 . Leney : 
 . Annin & Smith 
 . Bowen 
 
 Roberts 
 Fisher 
 Fisher 
 Fisher 
 
 Field. 
 343 
 
 ENGRAVER 
 
 . Leney 
 - Hoogland 
 . Jones . 
 
 Middleton . 
 
 . Pru@homme 
 . Rollinson 
 
 Rollinson 
 Tanner 
 Longacre 
 Scoles 
 
 . Plocher 
 
 Gimbrede 
 
 . Pru@homme 
 
 Prudhomme 
 
 . Birch . 
 . Bowen 
 
 Longacre 
 
 . Norman . 
 . Pelton 
 
 . Revere 
 fetes slo. s Seymour 
 (Certificate) . 
 . Danforth 
 . Leney 
 
 . Edwin 
 
 Strickland . 
 
 Kelly . 
 Pekenino 
 
 . Leney 
 
 Steel . 
 Tucker 
 Frederick 
 
 . Dodson 
 . Jones . 
 . Pelton 
 
 Tanner & Co. 
 Willard . 
 
 . Paradise . 
 
 Willard . 
 Charles 
 
 Torrey 
 
 . Jones . 
 . Edwin 
 
 CHECK LIST 
 NUMBERS 
 
 - 1768 
 . 1423 
 - 1515 
 . 2272 
 . 2576 
 . 2709 
 . 2710 
 . 3092 
 . 2120 
 . 2833 
 . 2546 
 . 1053 
 ~ 2577 
 . 2578 
 198 
 oa eS 
 1994-96 
 - 2335 
 . 2495 
 . 2668 
 . 2871 
 . 3067 
 . 442 
 . 1771 
 . TTA 
 . 1604 
 ~ 247 
 - 1772 
 . 3028 
 . 3321 
 . 1018 
 - 492 
 . 1516 
 . 2496 
 . 3111 
 . 3373 
 . 2399 
 . 3396 
 . 333 
 ~ 1773 
 109 
 
 . 229 
 . 3273 
 . 1517 
 115 
 
ITEM 
 
 Hauser, Casper 
 Haverstock Hill 
 Hawes, Joel . : 
 Hawkesworth, John . 
 Hayne, Robert Y. . 
 Heath, William 
 
 Heber, Reginald 
 Hedding, Elijah 
 
 Hell-Gate, N. Y. 
 
 Helmuth, J. H.C. . 
 Helvetius . 
 
 Hemans, Felicia 
 Henderson, Mr. 
 Henley, John 
 Henlopen Lighthouse 
 Henry, Mr. ‘ 
 Henry, Matthew 
 
 Henry, Patrick . 
 Henry IV— England 
 
 Henry IV —France 
 
 Henry V—England . 
 
 Henry VIII—England . 
 
 Hermitage, The 
 Hervey, James . 
 
 Heseltine, James . 
 
 Hewes, George R. T. . 
 
 Hewes, Joseph . 
 Heyward, Thomas 
 Hibbard, B. 
 
 Hibernian Soutety, Phila. 
 Hibernian Society, S. C. 
 
 Hicks, Elias . 
 
 Hidden, Samuel 
 Highlands on Hudson 
 
 INDEX 
 
 ARTIST 
 
 Freebairn . 
 
 Hewins . 
 
 Longacre . 
 
 Williams 
 Paradise 
 Pine . 
 Shaw 
 
 Barr . 
 Otis . 
 
 Ramberg . 
 
 W oolaston 
 
 Sully 
 
 Birch 
 
 ee ; 
 
 H ee a 
 
 (Certificate) . 
 
 Fairman 
 Imman . 
 Doughty 
 
 B44 
 
 CHECK LIST 
 
 ENGRAVER NUMBERS 
 
 . Pelton . 2497 
 . Childs . 865 
 . Pelton . 2498 
 . Edwin . . T6 
 . Longacre . 1997 
 . Norman . . 2336 
 . JR. Smith . . 2922 
 . Longacre . 2137 
 . Durand . . 693 
 . Pru@homme . 2579 
 . Hill . 1343 
 . Tiebout . Y . . 3210 
 ‘ Goodman § Piggo seta LIS 
 . Clark . . AO] 
 . Pelton . 2499 
 . Leney / 1th 
 . Leney - 1175 
 Trenchard . . 3293 
 Tiebout . . 3174 
 Chorley . . 390 
 Kearny . . 1566 
 
 . Longacre . 1998 
 . Morse . 2278 
 . Leney . 176 
 . Edwin : ara bi | 
 . Scot & Allardice . . 2858 
 . Galland . : . 1023 
 . . Boyd . . 256 
 . . Deney ~ 1017 
 . Leney . 1778 
 . Steel . . 8029 
 Tanner 3093 
 
 . Gaw . 1030 
 . Leney 1779 
 . Anderson 54 
 Kearny . 1567 
 
 . Longacre 1999 
 . Danforth 443 
 Houston . 1468 
 
 . Anderson 65 
 . Childs 346 
 . Maverick . 2205 
 . Steel . . 8007 
 . Dearborn - . A 
 Tucker . 3320 
 
ITEM 
 
 Hilson, Ellen Augusta . 
 Hilson, Thomas 
 
 Hill, George H. 
 
 Hill, Rowland . 
 
 Hill, Lord Rowland . 
 Hills’ Drawing Book . 
 Hill-Tops, The . 
 Hiscox, Thomas 
 Hitchcock, Enos 
 Hobart, John Henry . 
 
 Hoboken, N. J. . 
 Hodgkinson, John 
 
 Hodgkinson, Mrs. John 
 
 Hohenlohe, Prince Gustavus . 
 
 Holcombe, Henry . 
 
 Holley, Horace. 
 Hollis, Thomas . 
 Holman, Mr. ‘ 
 Holmes, Henry . 
 Holyoke, Edward . 
 Homer. . 
 
 Hone, Philip 
 Honeyman, James 
 Hook, Theodore E. 
 Hoole, John . 
 Hooper, William . 
 Hopkins, Samuel . 
 Hopkinson, Francis . 
 
 Horace 
 Horne, George . 
 
 Horry, Elias ae 
 Horry, Mary Shubrick . 
 Horry, Thomas 
 
 Horsley, Samuel 
 
 INDEX 
 
 CHECK LIST 
 
 ARTIST ENGRAVER NUMBERS: 
 Neagle . . . Durand. .... . 6594 
 Neagle . . . Durand. .... . 595 
 Pwibitign ws! .. Kelly... = Saat 2.1608 
 Mot me his es LeOngaere derogit.. < 8188 
 « )Seolea |: . recon of tee STS 
 
 «) BOOtda es, “Daskeren ey oeBRO 
 
 of AE ee po a.) QR, ISAS 
 
 Callender . .. . . 294 
 
 OROG 5 sb neo . 2371 
 
 soaepesecet’ .: . Homlen. 3. ° eed re 1233- 34 
 Paradise . . Mam... . . ... 9161 
 Paradise . . Paradise . .. . . 2400 
 Births... <<, BW ess dave eae lan 
 Groombridge Leney ..... .1%80 
 ae een es. SaOlée ie ate ny. OTRG 
 Dunlap. . . Tiebout . ... . 3175 
 Shy od ee win. a. 2 A NOOO Maga oka 3176-77 
 Dunlap i . Tiebouti tice). ie er BUT 
 «oat teh? .  Demgaeré inca tt “ers rear 2000 
 OOM gos Se 2a ee 
 
 jc.< Adee . 2 ORDO 62 oS Rss. we al00e 
 Staartavess.. Kelly cu) Jie 1606 
 Pélhamins® . Péelham> =... . < 9466 
 Grahams. Loney... « s+ « « 181 
 ep oe ary, SOmguere om 3. GOCE 
 siti chek PQ 6 a oa dd ol GABE 
 Desierto . Bdwitee ow eS TTY 
 . Johnston .... . 1487 
 
 <: LOR BY RECAST hahaa th sn TBO 
 Siete. Mavertohics.28 2, 36nd 2208 
 Peale. oe Dardnds. Saber) i606 
 GO oe a UGG. Se 5 OSTR 
 Seed SE OAGOR eS) iat ns, SARS 
 it ue ee.) Maverick. ©... . BROT 
 . Pelham... . Pelham... . . +» 2468 
 Ga Mee} « ACER af. Vwedy., - 2652 
 Pine. .¢.) . Bongactéei ii  2002- 3 
 Pine. . . . Longacre-Nesmith . . 2317 
 . Rollinson... . . 2711 
 
 oes ew a Ts Comnbredé.. 3. ties eek OG 
 Olwer . . . Longacre .. . . . 2604 
 Frazer... .. . Longacre oe a.0y 4; 2005 
 Frazer: . . Longacre .. . . . 2006 
 Praverives. Steel yoo. . . . . 3008 
 
 Dighton .. Leney .... . . 1783 
 345 
 
ITEM 
 
 Horses . . 
 Horton, James . 
 Hosack, David . 
 Hosmer, Harriet C. 
 Hottentot Woman 
 Houston, Samuel . 
 Howard, John . 
 Howard, John Eager 
 Howe, Ad. Richard 
 Hubbard, Nehim . 
 Hudson, Seth 
 Hudson, N.Y. . 
 Hudson River . 
 
 Hudson Highlands 
 Hudson, U.S. Frigate . 
 Hudson, near Fishkill 
 
 Hudson and Mohawk Rivers . 
 
 Hugh Capet. . 
 Hughes, John 
 Hull, Isaac 
 
 Hull, Mr. . 
 
 Humane Society, Phila. 
 Humboldt, Alex. von 
 Hume, David 
 
 Humphrey, David 
 Hunt, James H. Leigh 
 
 Hunter, John 
 
 Hunter, William 
 Huntington, Samuel . 
 Huntington, S. . 
 
 Hurd, Nathaniel 
 
 4 
 
 INDEX 
 
 ARTIST 
 
 Byrd 
 
 . Sully 
 
 Harding 
 
 Shumway . 
 
 Robertson . 
 
 Fraser . 
 
 Wall 
 
 (Map) . 
 Kneller 
 Stuart . 
 Stuart . 
 Williams 
 DeWilde 
 Roberts 
 Graham 
 
 (Certificate) . 
 
 Jacobs . 
 
 Reynolds . 
 
 (Medal ) 
 
 Severn . 
 
 Edwards 
 Hurlstone 
 
 346 
 
 . Lawson . «2. s\n Gee 
 . Leney ..... « 1788 
 . Longacre ... . . 2007 
 
 CHECK LIST 
 
 ENGRAVER NUMBERS 
 
 . Hill 1336-39 
 . W.D. Smith - 2954 
 . Durand . . + vo. 3) 697 
 . Pelton . 2500 
 . Scoles . 2854 
 . Pelton - . . 2501 
 . Thackara & Vallance . 3147 
 . Pru@homme .. 2580 
 . Tanner & Co. . 3112 
 . Jocelyn . . 1540 
 . Hurd. . 1475 
 . Hill . 1340 
 Cooke . 483 
 - Graham . hE%2 
 . Hill . 1341 
 . Hewitt <a 
 . Bennett . 2°. 35 oe ee 
 . Steel . . 3038 
 . Maverick . 2242 
 - Galland . - 1021 
 . Leney . 1784 
 . Edwin . 780-82 
 . Graham . . 1165 
 . J.R. Smith . . 2923 
 . Strickland . . 3047 
 . Leney . 1785 
 . Leney . 1786 
 . Leney . 1787 
 Smither . . 2983 
 
 . Pru@homme . 2581 
 . Boyd . Q57 
 
 Scot & Allardice . . 2859 
 
 . Maverick ... . « 2958 
 
 . Edwin . 783 
 . Pru@homme - 2582 
 
 Yeager . 3492 
 . Durand « . . . .) . 698 
 . Jones . . 1518 
 . Longacre . 2008 
 . Hoogland - 1424 
 . Pelton . 2502 
 . Jennys (?). . . 1482 
 
ITEM 
 
 Hutton, John S. 
 Hyde, Alvan 
 Hymn Tunes 
 
 Tlay . Are 
 Indian Mounds . 
 
 Indian Pipes ae 
 Indian Queen Hotel . 
 
 Infancy of Scottish Music . 
 
 Ingalls, William 
 Ingham, Samuel D. 
 Inglis, James 
 Irving, Edward 
 Irving, Washington 
 
 Isis Magna Mater . 
 Iturbide, Augustin de 
 
 Jackson, Andrew . 
 
 INDEX 
 
 ARTIST 
 
 Elwell . 
 
 (Title-page) . 
 
 Livingston 
 
 Cosway 
 Williams 
 Longacre . 
 Wood 
 Newton 
 Leslie 
 
 (Caricature) . 
 
 Wood . 
 Wheeler 
 
 Dodge 
 Vanderlyn 
 Wood 
 Wheeler 
 
 Wood 
 Earl . 
 Sully 
 
 Wood 
 Longacre . 
 
 Waldo . 
 
 Wood 
 Jarvis 
 Earl . 
 
 347 
 
 CHECK LIST 
 ENGRAVER NUMBERS 
 . Longacre . 2009 
 Pelton . 2503 
 Allen . 34 
 . Seymour . 2890 
 Gridley . 1185 
 Tiebout . 3211 
 Maverick . 2264 
 Harrison . 1315 
 Edwin «939 
 . Lavigne . . 1675 
 . Longacre . 2010 
 Throop . , . 3156 
 . Jocelyn-Munson . . 1541 
 . Annin & Smith age SOR 
 - Danforth » 444-45 
 Kneass . 1649 
 . Willard . . 3374 
 . Edwin 924, 
 . Durand . 599 
 Akin . 16 
 Childs 347 
 . Edwin P 784: 
 . Hdwin-Murray 855 | 
 . Danforth 446 
 . Dearborn ATA 
 . Durand . es 600 
 Fairman & Childs 989 
 Gimbrede 1055-57 
 Goodman & Piggot . . 1140 
 . Harrison , . 1287 
 . Kearny = bee 
 . Kelly . . 1607 
 Longacre . 2014, 2020 
 . Longacre . 2012 
 Longacre - 2015, 2018 
 . Longacre 2013, 2016-17 
 . Longacre . 2011, 2019 
 . Maverick . 2208 
 Mawerick . 2209 
 . Moore . 2276 
 . Phillips . . 2541 
 Pru@homme . 2583 
 Reed & Stiles . . 2652 
 
ITEM 
 Jackson, Andrew . 
 
 Jackson, David . 
 Jackson, James 
 Jaebbs Bi ow ee Vege 
 James I— England 
 James II—England . 
 James, Thomas C. . 
 James River, Va. . 
 Jay, John . 
 
 Jay, William 
 Jefferson, Joseph . 
 
 Jefferson, J., and F. Blisset 
 Jefferson, Thomas 
 
 INDEX 
 
 ARTIST 
 Wood 
 Wood 
 
 Robertson . 
 
 Wood 
 Fraser . 
 Stuart 
 Fairman 
 Stuart 
 Stuart 
 Stuart . 
 Bramwhite 
 Neagle . 
 
 Leslie 
 
 (Caricature) . 
 
 Peale 
 Peale 
 Stuart 
 
 Stuart 
 
 (Caricature) . 
 
 Otis . 
 Stuart 
 
 Smith 
 Otis . . 
 Stuart 
 
 Savage . 
 Peale 
 
 348 
 
 CHECK LIST 
 ENGRAVER NUMBERS 
 
 W.D. Smith . 2955 
 
 . Steel . . 3009 
 . Strickland . . 3048 
 Tanner & Co. . 8111 
 Willard « wl Sere 
 
 . Bdwin. . . Gea eeeoe 
 . Maverick » « » 2210 
 . Annin oo 3. Ve ees 
 . Scot & Allardice . . 2860 
 . Scot & Allardice . . . 2861 
 Neagle . « 2305 
 Childs... \. 22 G.ieees 
 
 . Darand . . «#mibgeeees 
 Hooker . . « 1442 
 
 . Leney 1789 —90 
 Maverick . 2211 
 Tiebout . . . 3179 
 
 . Durand... « « Gene 
 Edwin). 2." CORRS 
 Johnston : . 1488 
 Edwin 3). 3 koe eT: 
 Akin. .. to Apes 
 
 . Akin& Harrison. . . 17% 
 . Hdwin» «29. ene 
 » Bdwitt«. 160 aa ae 
 . Edwin . 788, 855 
 . Field . . 1001 
 Field . . - 1005 
 Gimbrede 1058-59 
 Gridley . . 1180 
 
 . Harrison . 1988 
 Kelly . . 1608 
 
 . Longacre 2021-23 
 . Longacre : - 2025 
 . Longacre-Meyer . . 2024 
 Maverick . 2219 
 
 . Neagle . 2306 
 . Pelton . 2504 
 . Pelton . . 2530 
 . Rawdon . . 2637 
 . Savage . 2746 
 . Scoles . 2787 
 Tanner . 3094 
 Tiebout . + Leg 
 Tiebout . 3180-81 
 
ITEM 
 Jefferson, Thomas 
 
 Jemappe, Battle of 
 Jenkins, John . 
 
 Jenyns, Soame . 
 Jerningham, Edward 
 
 Jerusalem 
 
 Jesus Christ . 
 
 John Bull at Alexandria 
 
 John Bull and Brother Jona- 
 
 than . a 
 John Bull and Columbia 
 John Bull in Cockpit 
 John Bull in Distress 
 John Bull’s Frolic 
 John Bull and Hornets . 
 John Bull and the Wasp 
 John Bull,Wasp and Hornets 
 John Bull at Baltimore . 
 John Bull at New Orleans . 
 John Bulland Perry. . . 
 John Bull and Ship-Baker 
 Johnson, Richard M. 
 
 Johnson, R. M., Charge of 
 Johnson, Samuel, of N. Y. 
 Johnson, Samuel 
 
 Johnston, Josiah S. 
 Jones, Absalom 
 
 INDEX 
 
 ARTIST 
 
 Buck 
 Craig 
 Craig 
 
 Correggio . 
 Guido 
 
 (Caricature) . 
 
 (Caricature) . 
 (Caricature) . 
 (Caricature) . 
 (Caricature) . 
 (Caricature) . 
 (Caricature) . 
 (Caricature) . 
 (Caricature) . 
 (Caricature) . 
 (Caricature) . 
 (Caricature) . 
 (Caricature) . 
 
 Wood 
 Wood 
 
 Reynolds . 
 Brown . 
 King 
 
 Peale 
 349 
 
 CHECK LIST 
 
 ENGRAVER NUMBERS 
 Willard . 3376-77 
 Woodruf’ . . 3406 
 Tisdale . 3270 
 
 . Leney . 1791 
 
 . Maverick . 2213 
 
 . Houston . 1459 
 
 . Leney . 1792 
 Kelly . . 1634 
 
 . Main . . 2164 
 Gimbrede . 1106 
 
 . Paradise . 2416 
 Pekenino ... . . 2458 
 CLROTIORL aire. i, SIE 
 RGSS SO a 4 eS 
 ageless ee RS 
 Charles? icc. ts $ gore eBI9 
 Dootittie.... {2 308, .c00584 
 Thackara 3152 
 Charlee 6 2 a. 880 
 Charles: 0 aretha B21 
 Chariog. 4) 8 eeeeeG 
 Charles 317 
 Charles 318 
 Charles 322 
 Charles . 315 
 
 . Harrison 1280 
 Neagle 9307 
 
 . Rawson . 2638 
 
 . Leney : . « 1794 
 
 ee os Oa eS Tok IS 
 
 . Edwin 790-92 
 
 . Fairman pal 990 
 Goodman & Piggot . . 1141 
 
 . iil ; . 1371 
 
 . Kelly . 1609 
 
 . Leney 1793 
 
 . Longacre 1980 
 
 . Maverick 2014 
 
 . Pelton . 2505 
 
 . Schwartz . « 2766 
 Scoles 2788-89 
 Steel . . 3010 
 
 . Longacre 2027 
 
 . Jones . . 1519 
 
ITEM 
 
 Jones, George 
 Jones, Jacob 
 
 Jones, John . 
 Jones, John Paul . 
 
 Jones, Sir William 
 Jones Falls, Md. 
 Jonson, Ben . 
 Josephus Flavius . 
 
 Judgment Hall, Jerusalem 
 
 Judson, Ann H. 
 
 Juniata River 
 Junius . 
 
 Jura Mountains 
 Justice 
 
 Kaffir Woman 
 
 Kean, Charles 
 
 Kean, Edmund . 
 Keith, Isaac Stockton 
 Kelly, Lydia 
 
 Kelly, Mrs. 
 
 Kemble, John Philip . 
 
 Kemble, Mrs. S. 
 Kemp, James 
 Ken, Thomas 
 
 Kennedy, William M. 
 
 Kent, James . 
 Kenton, Simon . 
 Kenyon College 
 Kilpin, S. . 
 Killarney, Lake 
 King, Rufus 
 
 INDEX 
 
 ARTIST 
 A gate 
 Peale 
 
 Peale 
 Peale 
 
 Devis 
 Shaw 
 
 Rogers . 
 Rogers . 
 
 Doughty 
 
 Corbould . 
 Corbould . 
 
 Neagle . 
 Smith 
 
 Neagle . 
 DeWilde 
 Stuart . 
 DeWilde 
 
 Peale 
 
 Loggan . 
 Spencer 
 Morgan 
 Nash 
 
 Stuart 
 Wood 
 350 
 
 CHECK LIST 
 
 ENGRAVER NUMBERS 
 . Durand . 603 
 . EHdwin 193 
 . Delleker . 480 
 . Leney 1795 
 . Longacre - 2026 
 
 Paradise . 2401 
 . Pru@homme . 2584 
 . Rawdon & Co. 2643 
 . Haines 1203 
 
 Hill 1343 
 . Longacre 2140 
 . Durand . 604 
 
 Maverick . 2215 
 
 Neagle 2308 
 . Scoles . 2790 
 . W.D. Smith . 2956 
 . Peabody . . 2422 
 
 Cone . 421 
 
 Dodson . 493 
 . Longacre . 2028 
 . Ellis 978 
 . Anderson 55 
 
 Pekenino . 2448 
 . Seymour - 2890 
 
 Clarke 418 
 . Scoles . 2852 
 . Goodman 1121 
 . Jocelyn-Munson . . . 1542 
 
 Goodman & Piggot . . 1142 
 . Longacre . 2029 
 . Leney 1796 
 
 Edwin 795 
 . Houston . 1460 
 . Leney 1797 
 . Schwartz . 2767 
 . Humphrys . . 1471 
 
 W.D. Smith . 2957 
 . Durand . 605 
 . Dodson . 494 
 . Hamm 1259 
 
 Jocelyn . 1543 
 . Harrison . 1296 
 . Kelly . 1610 
 
 Leney 1798 
 
ITEM 
 King Henry VI 
 Kneeland, Abner . 
 Knight, Nehemiah R. 
 Knowles, James D. 
 Knox, Henry 
 
 Knox, John . 
 
 Knox, Vicesimus . 
 Koenigstein, Saxony . 
 Kollock, Henry 
 Kosciuszko, Thaddeus 
 
 Kosciuszko’s Monument 
 Kotzebue, A. F. F. von. 
 Koutousoff, Prince 
 
 ‘La Couture, Madame 
 Lafayette, Marquis de 
 
 Laight, Col., Camp of 
 Lake Champlain, Battle of 
 Lake Erie, Battle of . 
 
 INDEX 
 
 ARTIST 
 
 Miller 
 Young . 
 Doyle 
 Peale 
 Stuart 
 Savage . 
 Oliver 
 Douglass 
 
 Grassi 
 
 Scheffer 
 Ingham 
 Scheffer 
 Scheffer 
 
 Paon 
 Peale 
 
 Reinagle 
 
 351 
 
 CHECK LIST 
 
 ENGRAVER | NUMBERS 
 - Michel-Leney . . 1909 
 ET aera. ates Re SL 
 . Sanford . . 2739 
 CHOI ire he BET 
 Edwin . 197, 796 
 Longacre ... . . 2030 
 Normans. 6b 0 2 38 REBT 
 Pru@homme .. . . 2585 
 «2 SAVAGO rhe in it hy hg QIAT 
 . Rollinson . .. . . 2719 
 on MOLI es tee”, Sake iA POLY 
 if DPOYION ed 2 a A 
 . Longacre 2031-32 
 Cherkaic® stk Me et AO? 
 Froustone es 6 PAB 
 DeGes its ie Canais ole 8701 
 FS ee’ Ti ee oe B42 
 Charen is. a 4. eee aS 
 Hoa apne soap iO} 
 Pain wh Rees 79s 
 Maverick 204 404i v 2016 
 Smither . . . . . « 2976 
 . Annin & Smith 95-96 
 Clarkes. 6 a ke 404 
 Danforth .... . 447 
 « Danforth. <..%.° 4 22) (AAS 
 . Durand . « se 606-7 
 . Fairman-Childs . . . 348 
 A C1 here area eitnaes gear be V0 
 - Hoogland ... . . 1425 
 Ce TR COERG Co PRS Tete bes 
 . Longacre... . . «2083 
 . S. Maverick . 2268, 71 
 PUM avariok =. -« «5 QRht 
 eon NV OFIRGR Ss de ee BSS 
 SpE Oa ie altel, 4 ee 
 
 Pete eee NEO 
 PErking ceo oe 1 ee BESS 
 Tanner: “ese 6, 66 8005 
 
 Willard . . ..% . 3378 
 . Woodruff ... . . 3403 
 . Kneass-Young . . . 1662 
 Reed. vs.» wrt 6 2659 
 Maverick 9934-35 
 
ITEM ARTIST 
 
 Lake Erie, Battle of . te earny 
 
 Lake George Cole ; 
 
 Lake George, Battle of . Blodget 
 
 Lake Ontario pe Mais 
 
 Lambton, William H. Hickel . 
 
 Landscape 
 
 Lander, John 
 
 Lander, Richard . to ene hae 
 
 Landing at Jamestown . Chapman . 
 
 Landsdown, Pa. . Birch 
 
 Lane, George 
 
 Langhans’ Tomb 
 
 Lapland : 
 
 Lapland Lady . 
 
 Lapland Magical Drum 
 
 Laplanders 
 
 Laplanders, Dress ap! ne eae 
 
 Larned, Sylvester . Metcalf 
 
 Last Supper, The . da Vinei 
 
 Lathrop, John . 
 
 Laurens, Henry pe ae 
 Peale 
 
 Laurens, Martha . 
 
 Lauretta . 
 
 Lavater, J. C. 
 
 Lavinia 
 
 Lavoisier, Antoine L. °. es asm 
 
 Lawrence, James . Stuart 
 Stuart 
 Stuart 
 
 Lawrence, Death of Capt. 
 
 Lawrence Monument Pai tite yk Sits 
 
 Lawrence Benevolent Soc., Pa. (Certificate) . 
 
 Lay, Benjamin . gh ee oe 
 
 Leavitt, Jonathan . Wentworth 
 
 Lee, Henry . Stuart 
 
 Lee, Richard Henrys 
 
 INDEX 
 
 352 
 
 ENGRAVER 
 
 Murray & Co. 
 
 Sanford . 
 Chapin 
 Maverick 
 
 . Johnston 
 
 Harrison 
 
 . Leney 
 
 Murray . 
 Pru@homme 
 
 . Pru@homme 
 . Danforth 
 
 Birch . 
 Paradise 
 Tiebout . 
 Maverick 
 Kneass 
 Kneass 
 Kneass 
 Akin . 
 
 . Durand . 
 
 Kearny 
 Edwin 
 Edwin 
 
 . Neagle 
 . Norman . 
 
 Dodson . 
 Revere 
 Hill 
 Graham . 
 
 . Hill 
 
 Edwin 
 
 . Edwin 
 
 Edwin 
 Leney 
 
 . Rollinson : 
 Reed & Stiles . 
 
 Strickland . 
 
 . Rawdon . 
 . Harrison 
 
 Strickland . 
 Dawkins 
 Kneass 
 
 . Jocelyn . 
 . Pru@homme 
 
 Ellis. . 
 
 CHECK LIST 
 NUMBERS 
 
 2288-89 
 . 2742 
 eet 
 . 9243 
 . 1501 
 . 1816 
 . 1799 
 . 2291 
 . 2586 
 . 2687 
 
 456 
 
 . 200 
 . 2402 
 . 3212 
 . 9245 
 . 1666 
 . 1668 
 . 1667 
 a7 
 608 
 
 1582-83 
 
 799 
 800 
 
ITEM 
 
 Lee, Richard Henry . 
 
 Leffingwell, William . 
 
 LeKain, Henri Louis 
 LeoX . A 
 LeoXII .. 
 
 Lesley, Alexander _ 
 Lesley, David 
 Lewes, Lee 
 
 Lewis, Francis 
 Lewis, Meriwether 
 Lewis, Morgan . 
 
 Lewis, William . 
 
 Lewis, William Thomas . 
 Lexington-Concord Battle . 
 
 Lexington Battle . 
 
 Lexington Green, Mass. 
 Liberty as Goddess of Youth . 
 
 Lincoln, Benjamin 
 
 Linn, John Blair 
 Lipari Volcano 
 Livermore, Harriet 
 
 Livingston, Brockholst . 
 Livingston, John H. . 
 
 Livingston, Philip 
 
 Livingston, Robert R. 
 
 Livingston, Henry— Residence 
 Livingston Saw Mill . 
 Livingston Monument 
 
 Loch Leven . 
 Locke, John . 
 
 -Logan, James 
 
 Logan ee Chief . 
 
 London 
 
 INDEX 
 
 353 
 
 CHECK LIST 
 
 ARTIST ENGRAVER NUMBERS 
 Maverick-Longacre 
 ; 2034, 2218 
 Ri ooh ame Willard .-. . « . «8379 
 Jocelyn Jocelyn ... . . . . 1545 
 seiGReEe ¢ diate. erg ld he B05 
 Hedin coed A S808 
 ae eee Longacre ... . . 2035 
 Villeneuve Steer wae ta 48 7 BOTT 
 Jansen . Tiebout™ 6 0. 0, 8183 
 pa oe ev Oe TUONO oe BSS 
 DeWilde DORR OS cab i ee BO} 
 Saree tabs Wright 2. eRe R SL 
 St. Memin . Strickland . . . . . 8050 
 Herring <Dardnd... (emo e608 
 Herring . Paradise .. . . 2403 
 Stuart Gnade & Piggat +. . 1143 
 ee ae « LhOUstON a . 1462 
 Earle . Doolittle ... - 526- 29 
 Se iieais Doolitile-Barber . . 525 
 Tisdale . 5 PROB ORR sx o47 16 taciew 1 seen 
 apices Go SARE baa pe gb! Fads po pak wee 
 Savage . ; eBatage 5 TB 
 ere g ts 3 . Norman << . wo... 2840 
 Sargent . J.R. Smith. . . . . 2924 
 : . Tanner ety 8). 8096 
 cp ae eal S. Pannen oe see Shae 
 Waldo& Jewett Longacre . . . . . 2036 
 Martin . . Pru@homme .. . . 2589 
 ivan 73 so WAR BS ae ee ote ae. 
 Stuart 0 PAP ATOTE Fie 6 OR ee TEBO 
 Longacre . . . . . 2087 
 Pelion 24 VR Se 2006 
 Longacre ... . s » 2038 
 ro ene Pru@homme .. . . 2590 
 . Stuart i GPG ES aks sn BG 
 DONO. 2 ce er eS ARP IBOS 
 bog ERENT Tiebout. . . Wo . SQTh 
 Livingston Tiebout 2's wes O8Q15 
 Lenhart Wagner... . . . S347 
 Seymour. . . . . . 2889 
 ji aps » BAD FES Fer SOT 
 Kneller . . Harrison .. . .. .*s 1281 
 Longacre .. . . . 2039 
 Anderson... MARR VSB 
 Harrison: 4) 425 2 RGF 
 
ITEM 
 
 Lottery—Waite’s . 
 Louis IX—France 
 Louis XIII—France . 
 Louis XI V—France 
 Louis XVI—France . 
 
 Louis X VI and Marie Antoi- 
 
 nette AMER Eb 
 Louis X VI—France . 
 
 Louis X VIII—France . 
 
 Louisbourg . 
 Lowth, Robert . 
 
 Loyola, Ignatius 
 Luther, Martin 
 
 Lyman, Joseph 
 Lynch, Thomas, Jr. . 
 Lynnhaven Bay, Va. 
 Lyon, Patrick . 
 
 Lystra, Ky. 
 
 McCrea, Jane 
 McCrie, Thomas 
 
 McFarland, Francis F. . 
 
 “McFingal,” Trumbull’s 
 McHenry, James . 
 
 McJilton, Daniel . 
 McKean, Thomas . 
 
 McKendree, William 
 
 McKnight, Dr. . 
 McLane, Louis . 
 
 INDEX 
 
 ARTIST 
 
 Shaw 
 
 Holbein © 
 
 Jageman 
 Kranach 
 
 Shaw 
 Neagle . 
 
 Smirke . 
 Ritchie . 
 Wood 
 Dunlap 
 
 (Illustrations) 
 (Illustrations) 
 
 Jackson 
 Stuart 
 Stuart 
 King 
 Jarvis 
 Paradise 
 
 Newton 
 
 B54 
 
 CHECK List 
 
 ENGRAVER NUMBERS 
 Humphrys . . . . . 1474 
 Bowes oy > 
 
 Smither 2 3) ti. ae 
 Smtther 200° (28 ems 
 Edwin .écnbveer bees 
 
 Edwin... sms Ga a eee 
 Willard ..- . «4 4/8885 
 Edwin © o> ierets, 5B 
 Willard . . 3 vos 8885 
 
 Pelham... 4 ind es 
 
 Edwin... Sia eee 
 Chorley. oxen AeBee 
 Clarke... han sees 
 Bowen hss ia eae ee 
 Eckstein . . . . . 684 
 Edwin int ae TE Re 
 Longacre ... . . 2040 
 Rawdon wo ick nA RGB 
 Scobewwr, . soe 5 REE 
 Snyder: 2d) setts 2 RROOs 
 W.D.Smith . . ... 2958 
 
 . Pelton ive eee 
 
 Longacre ... . . 2041 
 
 . Hib. ea 
 . Kelly... . ogee eae 
 . Akin... i eee 
 
 Tanner is} sae ae Sse 
 
 « Atte. 5 eee TA 
 
 Tucker. 6-9" so -8 ae eee 
 
 . Edwin sk see 
 . Beney:.:. alias. apeeeeieGs 
 
 Tisdale . . . . 3261-3268 
 Willard . . .°.. «8398 
 Longacre . . . « « 2042 
 
 . Piggott. «aa. aaa 
 
 Edwin ts sat ite BS 
 Longacre .. . . . 2043 
 Tiebout >...» oes BIBS 
 
 . Edwin... . tee ae 
 
 Gimbrede . .. . . 1062 
 Longacre ... . » 2044 
 Leney «teies) ai end eee 
 
 . Kelly... i 
 
ITEM 
 
 McLean Asylum, Mass. . 
 McLeod, Alexander . 
 
 MeNiece, John . 
 McNeil, John 
 
 Macdonough, ‘Thomas 
 
 Macdonough Farmhouse 
 Macdonough’s Victory . 
 
 Macready, William C. 
 
 Macgregor, Rob Roy 
 
 Macklin, Charles 
 Ma-Nuncue . 
 
 Macomb, Alexander . 
 
 Macpherson Blues 
 
 Maewhorter, Alexander 
 
 Madison, Dorothy T. P. . 
 
 Madison, James 
 
 _ Maelstrom, The 
 Maffitt, John N. 
 
 Magdalama, Queen 
 
 Maine, Map of . 
 
 Malbone, Edward G. 
 
 Malherbe, Francois 
 Manchester, Duke of 
 Manheim Family, The 
 Mannets, Joseph M. . 
 
 Manning, James 
 Mansfield, Earl of 
 
 ° 
 
 INDEX 
 
 355 
 
 CHECK LIST 
 
 ARTIST ENGRAVER NUMBERS 
 Billing . - G.G. Smith . 2913 
 Waldo & Jewett Durand . . 610 
 Bailie Leney . 1805 
 Willard Pelton . 2508 
 Lewis . Annin 15 
 ee Delleker . . 481 
 Jarvis Gimbrede . 1061 
 Gimbrede . 1060 
 
 Reed & Stiles . . 2658 
 
 a ae ae Strickland . . 3051 
 Reinagle Childs 367 
 Corne Hoogland . 1437 
 Reinagle Tanner . 3134 
 .» Neagle . Durand . 611 
 Inman . Durand . . 612 
 Jackson . Longacre - 2045 
 Kneass-Young . 1654 
 
 i: Edwin 816 
 Paradise Durand . . G14 
 Sully Longacre . 2046 
 Barralet Lawson . . 1693 
 aeneehs Leney . 1806 
 Stuart Edwin Stats tebe 
 Otis . Goodman & Piggot . . 1144 
 Wood . Prud@homme . 2591 
 Stuart Edwin Sli 
 Sully Edwin 818 
 v3 88 em aha ts Edwin-Murray . 855 
 Gimbrede . . Jones . ; . 1521 
 Stuart Jones . . 1520 
 Stuart . Leney . 1807-8 
 Otis . . Neagle . 2310 
 Rawdon . . 2637 
 
 dats Willard . . 3380 
 Livingston Tiebout . 3216 
 Hill . Kelly . . 1614 
 ina Vee! Re Tiller . . 3249 
 . Carleton Norman . . 2362 
 Gimbrede . 1063 
 
 Peer ie Hill . 1378 
 Peters Leney . 1809 
 Folwell . Maverick . 2262 
 Durand . «618 
 
 Hamlin . . 1235 
 
 Haines . 1204 
 
ITEM 
 
 Manutius, Aldus 
 
 Mara, Madame . 
 Marat, Death of 
 Marcus Sextus . 
 Mareschal, Ambrose 
 Maria Cristina,— Spain 
 
 Maria Louisa—France . 
 Marie Antoinette— France 
 
 Mariner, Mr. .. . 
 
 Market St. Bridge, Phila. 
 Marlborough, Duke of . 
 
 Marmont, A. F. L. V. 
 Mars, Mademoiselle . 
 Marsden, Joshua 
 Marshall, John . 
 
 Martin, John E. 
 Martin, Luther 
 Martindale, S. 
 Martyn, Henry 
 
 Martyr, Mrs. ‘ 
 Mary, Queen of Scots 
 
 Maryland Paper Money 
 Mason, John M. 
 
 Mason, William 
 Masonic Certificate 
 
 Masonic Frontispiece 
 Masonicus . 
 Massachusetts, Arms of 
 Massachusetts, Map of . 
 Massachusetts Bay 
 
 Massachusetts Commission 
 
 INDEX 
 
 ARTIST 
 Fouquel 
 Guerin . 
 Tilyard 
 
 Guerand 
 Birch 
 
 Paradise 
 Paul . 
 Inman 
 Wood 
 Martin . 
 
 Paradise 
 
 . _DeWilde 
 
 Graham 
 Zuccaro 
 
 Jarvis 
 
 Robertson . 
 
 Gardner 
 
 Porter . 
 
 Massachusetts General Hospital . 
 
 356 
 
 CHECK LIST 
 
 ENGRAVER NUMBERS 
 . Edwin. 2) ea. eee 
 . Leney © . 5k ee 
 Graham... 2 ee 
 Hooker .: sy settee iae eee 
 . Longacre / . . . , 2047 
 . Hoogland . .. . . 1426 
 . Edwin oo! Ges ee ee 
 Leney 5! as Ge eee 
 Willard . 3 = eee 
 . Bowen® so 2 eee 
 Seymour... . . 2885 
 Gimbrede . . .. . . 1064 
 Tanner& Co. . .'. . 3118 
 Jocelyn-Munson . . . 1546 
 
 Gimbrede ... . . 1065 
 Hdwit oo. > 2 oe ee eee 
 
 Durand... © es G16 
 . Kearny |. aie eee 
 Scoles’) .. <3 eae 
 Bdwin—. . 600 ASS 
 W.D.Smith . . . . 2959 
 Oook 00:5. cts. eee 
 Longacre ... . . 2048 
 
 . Pru@homme .. . . 2592 
 .. Loney 5 “se eee 
 . Longacre ... . . . 2049 
 
 . « Letey eae eee 
 . Sparrow. . . . « . 2998 
 Durand sO 
 Graham). =. se Te 
 Rollinson . . . . . QT14 
 Bowee 4. kN a eee 
 Edwin -. we". eres 
 Doolittle. °°. .\ , Waiseene 
 
 . Hurd... ot ae 
 
 Longacre ... . . 2154 
 
 . Revere <ive. aeeeoee 
 . Rollinson . 
 . Scot. <u Sao 
 . Leney wo. save eee 
 
 Q725—Q7 
 
 Trenchard . .. . . 38280 
 Callender .... . 298 
 
 . Strickland . . . . . 3072 
 . Hurd » 1. eee 
 . Annin& Smith . . . 110 
 
INDEX 
 
 CHECK LIST 
 ITEM ARTIST ENGRAVER NUMBERS 
 Massachusetts General Hospital Penniman . Bowen . 230 
 Massachusett Loan Certificate Hurd . . 1479 
 Massachusetts Medical College Annin tee BSB 
 Massena, André pe. Tanner &Co. . . . . 3113 
 Massinger, Philip . Longacre ... . . 2140 
 eh hl . Paradise *. . . . « 2404 
 
 Master of Ships, Society of Barralet RR a ASB 
 Mastoden, The . res, Peale 2 MS See. dee EAGT 
 Mather, Cotton Pelham . « POURRA EBD 
 Mather, Increase . Bomts GF 
 Johnson . . . . «... 1500 
 
 Pelion .... . . 2509 
 
 Mather, Richard HOM ET SS a ee ORD 
 Mathews, J. McF. . Waldo & Jewett DURORE Fag 8 Oi eo ee ED 
 Matlock High Torr eee ORR ee ng ROG 
 Matteawan, N.Y. . v sag bt ed WP y tes te. ak . 1344 
 Matthews, Charles Johnston . Johnston 1489 — 91 
 <7 eae Sooles ee eT 
 
 Matthias, 1B. es ; Paradise Derand? 3.0. areas 
 Mauch Chunk Coal Woks . Doolittle .... . . 8836 
 Mavor, William Tiebout 2.05 600 2 5 S186 
 Mayhew, Jonathan . Jennys.” .. ease Eels 
 zi see ae ~ + LEVSTE?”.. OPA 5 RAROTD 
 
 Mead, Richard. . Ramsay ‘FORGES Lo et RR eae 
 Medici, Lorenzo de yaar’ s! .. Bdwin: osaseecnl eo Ree 
 Mechanics Benevolent Soc. (Certificate) . Murray . . . . . . 2292 
 Meigs, Return Jonathan Lawrence . Longacre .. . . . 2050 
 Mellimelni, Suliman . ETN Ss, Bawin, | 2 3ees4, 825 
 Melmoth, Mrs. . Dunlap . Tiebout.. . soy eo BS18T 
 Melville, H. Oe Longacre §. 3 . = «9188 
 Memphis, Egypt Craig HOH A OP 2 es ee ies 
 Mendenhall Ferry, Pa. . Birch as ES EPETE SS GR let ee eee 
 Mendelssohn, Moses . HST oa BON Se 
 “Mercury” : a ke a , Anessa.) tara ae 
 Merion Meeting Pie: Pa. Reinagle « Wheel oo. . renin Wo ORD 
 Merry, Robert . IO STAT ee 2 ee ore 
 Merry, Mrs. . Baty OS a ee ee 
 ap aaa ae OREO es Ft ae 
 
 DeWilde 6 DOREY CO Te paren Deke 
 
 Mervin, Samuel Paradise Paradise... . . 2405 
 Michel Angelo . Piombo . Pisbout 22) 2 ae SLE 
 Mico-Chlucco Bartram. . Trenchard. . . « . 3815 
 Middle Colonies (Map) . « Parner. (ese? jl eson 
 Middleton, Arthur West . Longacre ... . . 2051 
 Middleton, Mr. . Roberts 5, AOA G SF RS ake aha a 
 
 357 
 
ITEM 
 Mifflin, ‘Thomas 
 Milan, Italy . 
 Militia Muster . 
 Milledoler, Philip . 
 Miller, Edward 
 Miller, Miss . 
 Milnor, James 
 Milton, John 
 
 Minisink, Pa. 
 
 Minot, G. R. , 
 Minshull, John . 3 
 Mirza, Aboo Al Hassan . 
 Mitchell, Edward . 
 Mitchell, Samuel L. 
 Mitchell, Mr. . 
 Mitchell’s Lighthouse 
 Mitered Minuet 
 
 Modern Dandies 
 
 Modern Spectacles 
 Mohawk River . 
 
 Molay, Jacques de 
 Moliére : 
 Moncrif, F. A. P. . 
 Monmouth, James Duke 
 
 Monmouthshire, England . 
 
 Monroe, James . 
 
 Montagu, Elizabeth R. . 
 Montagu, Mary W. 
 Montgomery, James . 
 
 INDEX 
 
 ARTIST ENGRAVER NUMBERS 
 Stuart Bridport . 295 
 Giosafatti . . Horton . 1451 
 Me day ee Anderson 70 
 Waldo& Jewett Durand . 619 
 a Tn, ste . Leney 1819-20 
 DeWilde . Leney . 1818 
 Waldo §& Jewett Durand . 620 
 oop Ula: nS ean ee 57 
 Haines . 1205 
 BBs eee . Hamm . 1256 
 Cooper . . Hoogland . 1427 
 . Johnston . 1492 
 Longacre . 2135 
 . Norman . . 2341 
 Pekenino . 2449 
 . Pru@homme . 2593 
 at a, ened . Scoles . 2794 
 Hoffman . Scoles » 2834 
 Harris . 1276 
 . Scoles » 2795 
 6s 2 a clinenn tae eee . 827 
 Waldo & Jewett Maverick . 2219 
 Jarvis . Durand . - 621 
 Weaver Scoles . 2796 
 Inderwick . . Leney 1889 
 opal so Vis. eee ie 2688 
 (Caricature). Charles . 335 
 (Caricature). Charles . 338 
 Livingston Tiebout . 3217 
 Baquoy Tanner. . . 3098 
 baat cs Clarke 406 
 Hill 1371 
 ea ae . Scoles - 2821 
 Pocock . » ITC Ee aes 154 
 ~ 2 e « . 6 Hdwin-Murray 855 
 Vanderlyn . Durand . >! Ae O22 
 Vanderlyn Gimbrede 1066-67 
 King Goodman & Piggot . . 1145 
 Otis . . Goodman & Piggot . . 1146 
 Vanderlyn . Peabody . 2418 
 be pre Es . 3381 
 . Edwin . 828 
 . Smither . . 2979 
 Pp are . Bowen sh: 
 Chantry . Jones . - 1523 
 
 358 
 
 CHECK LIST 
 
ITEM 
 Montgomery, Richard . 
 
 INDEX 
 
 ARTIST 
 
 Peale 
 
 Montgomery, Richard, Death of . 
 
 Montibello, Md. 
 Monticello, Va. 
 Montmorenci Falls 
 
 Montpelier, Va. 
 Montreal, Canada . 
 Moore, Alfred . 
 Moore, Benjamin. . . 
 
 Moore, Richard Channing . 
 
 Moore, 'Thomas 
 
 Moorhead, John 
 More, Hannah . 
 
 Moreau, Victor 
 
 Morgan, Daniel 
 
 Moring, Christopher S. . 
 Morris, Gouverneur 
 Morris, Robert . 
 Morris, Mrs. ; 
 Moses and the Tablets 
 Mosque Sultan Ahmed . 
 Mott, Valentine 
 Moultrie, William 
 Mouina ; 
 
 Mount Blanc. 
 
 Mount Carbon, Pa. . 
 Mount Etna pebeand 
 
 Mount Etna, Eruptionof . 
 
 Birch 
 
 Doughty 
 
 Chapman . 
 
 Jarvis. 
 Jarvis 
 Inman 
 Dunlap 
 Sieurac 
 
 Haines . 
 
 Pelham . 
 
 ° ° 
 
 Peckersgill 
 
 Svinin 
 
 Peale 
 
 Trumbull . 
 
 Cooke 
 Sully 
 Tucker 
 Inman . 
 
 Porter . 
 
 ENGRAVER 
 Edwin 
 Norman . 
 Norman . 
 Birch . 
 Durand . 
 Childs 
 Cooke 
 Pru@’homme 
 Aitken 
 Neagle 
 Edwin 
 Edwin 
 
 . Paradise 
 . Dodson . 
 . Maverick 
 
 Anderson 
 Edwin 
 Ellis 
 Gimbrede 
 
 . Haines . 
 
 Longacre 
 
 . Maverick 
 - Pelham 
 
 Ellis 
 
 . Pelton 
 . Annin 
 
 Scoles 
 
 Tanner & Co. 
 
 Hdwin 
 
 . Pru@homme 
 - Danforth 
 
 Longacre 
 
 . Longacre 
 
 Johnston 
 
 . Kearny 
 
 Scoles 
 Durand . 
 
 . Fairman 
 . Strickland . 
 . Maverick 
 
 Tanner 
 
 . J.R. Smith 
 
 Kearny . 
 Tiebout . 
 Savage 
 
 CHECK LIST 
 NUMBERS 
 . TO1 
 
 - 2342 
 
 - 2363 
 
 202 
 
 680 
 
 . 2197 
 . 3114 
 . 832 
 . 2594 
 . 449 
 . 2052 
 2053-54 
 . 1493 
 . 1584 
 . 2835 
 623 
 
 . 991 
 . 3073 
 . 2246 
 . 3135 
 . 2936 
 . 1588 
 . $218 
 . 2760 
 
ITEM 
 Mount Joliet 
 
 Mount Pleasant, Mass. 
 
 Mount Rosa . 
 
 Mount Sidney, Pa. 
 Mount Vernon, Va. 
 
 Mourgeon, Peter 
 Muhlenberg, G. H. E. 
 Muhlenberg, Henry M. . 
 
 Muhlenberg, Peter 
 
 Muir, Thomas 
 
 Mulgrave, Lord 
 Munson, Aineas 
 Murat, Joachim 
 
 Murray, Alexander 
 
 Murray, John 
 
 Murray, Lindley 
 
 Murray, Mr. 
 Muscipula 
 
 Mushanon River, Pa. 
 
 Musidora . 
 
 Mystic River Bridge, Mass. 
 
 Nahant Hotel, Mass. 
 
 Nahe Rock 
 
 Naples, Italy . 
 
 Napoleon Bonaparte 
 
 INDEX 
 
 ARTIST 
 
 Inman . 
 Birch 
 Birch 
 Birch 
 Birch 
 
 (Card of) . 
 Peale 
 
 Peale 
 Jennys . 
 Wood 
 Wood 
 Westoby 
 Reynolds . 
 Durand 
 Penniman 
 
 Craig 
 
 David 
 David 
 Terrigi . 
 
 360 
 
 ENGRAVER 
 Maverick 
 
 . Hill 
 
 - Scoles 
 
 - Maverick 
 . Birch . 
 
 - Birch . 
 
 - Parkyns . 
 . Seymour 
 
 Tucker 
 
 . St. Memin 
 
 CHECK LIST 
 NUMBERS 
 
 ~ 2247 
 . 1409 
 . 2836 
 . 2248 
 - 203 
 - 204 
 ~ 2417 
 . 2883 
 . 3327 
 . 2738 
 
 Goodman & Piggot . . LAT 
 
 . Annin & Smith 
 - Smither . 
 . Steel . 
 
 Tucker 
 
 - Scoles 
 
 Yeager 
 
 - Jocelyn . 
 - Rollinson 
 
 Tanner & Co. 
 
 . Edwin 
 
 Willard . 
 
 . Annin 
 
 - Bowen 
 
 . Hill 
 
 - Durand . 
 . Leney 
 
 . Savage 
 
 . Bowes 
 
 . Durand . 
 . Hill 
 
 . Annin & Smith 
 
 Harrison 
 Campbell 
 
 . Drayton 
 . Allen . 
 
 . Boudier . 
 - Hdwin 
 
 Gimbrede 
 
 . Hooker . 
 . Houston 
 
 . Humphreys 
 . Kelly . 
 
 . Leney 
 
 - 106 
 . 2980 
 - 3012 
 . 3310 
 . 2798 
 . 3423 
 . 1547 
 . 2720 
 . 3113 
 833 
 
 . 3382 
 17 
 
 . 216 
 . 1376 
 - 624 
 . 1821 
 . 2762 
 242 
 
 . 683 
 . 1408 
 
 y 
 s aT 
 . 1298 
 
 ote BOD 
 . 834-37 
 1069-71 
 . 1444 
 . 1457 
 . 1470 
 . 1615 
 - 1822 
 
ITEM 
 Napoleon Bonaparte 
 
 Napoleon Entering Paris 
 
 Napoleon, Frangois Chas. Jos. 
 
 Napoli di Romania 
 Narina 
 Nassau Hall, N. ey 
 
 National Hotel, Washington . 
 
 Natural Bridge, Va. . 
 Naval Battle, Guadaloupes 
 
 Naval Commission, U. S. 
 Naval Monument . 
 Nation’s Bulwark . 
 Necker, Jacques 
 
 Neill, William . 
 
 Nelson, Horatio 
 
 Nettleton, A. 
 Nevins, William 
 
 New Edinburgh Racyclopetin 
 New England Psalm-Singer . 
 
 ‘New England 
 
 New Haven, Conn. 
 
 New Jersey, Arms of 
 
 N. H. Mechanics Assoc. 
 New Orleans, La. . : 
 New Orleans, Battle of . 
 
 New Orleans Orphans’ Asylum 
 
 New York City 
 View of 
 
 INDEX 
 
 ARTIST 
 
 David 
 
 Isabey 
 
 Smith 
 
 Otis . 
 Hoppner 
 Inman . 
 
 (Map) . 
 Barber . 
 
 (Map) . 
 
 Seymour 
 West 
 Know 
 
 Wall 
 361 
 
 ENGRAVER 
 Longacre 
 
 - Pekenino 
 . Roberts . 
 . Scoles 
 
 . Smither . : 
 Willard-Rawdon 
 
 Willard . 
 
 - Sanford . 
 
 Gimbrede 
 
 . Longacre 
 
 Kearny 
 Scoles 
 Dawkins 
 
 . Longacre 
 . Drayton . 
 
 Trenchard . 
 
 - Dawkins 
 
 . Eckstein , 
 2 woo... Akin & Harrison 
 (Title-page) . : 
 (Caricature) . 
 
 Annin 
 Clay 
 
 . Hill 
 . Nesmith . 
 . Pru@homme 
 
 Rollinson 
 
 . Scoles 
 
 Tanner & Co. . 
 
 . Pelton 
 . Paradise 
 ane : 
 
 Edwin 
 Revere 
 
 . Foster 
 
 Willard . 
 
 SOR ee senha 
 (Certificate) . 
 . Leney 
 . Hoogland 
 . Scacki 
 . Scoles 
 . Steel . 
 
 Wightman . 
 
 Yeager 
 Hill 
 
 . Hill 
 . Maverick 
 
 CHECK LIST 
 NUMBERS 
 
 2055-57 
 - 2457 
 - 2700 
 . 2799 
 - 2972 
 
 . 3384 
 _ 3383, 3385 
 . 2743 
 . 1072 
 . 2058 
 . 1576 
 . 2853 
 . 466 
 . 2153 
 - 545 
 . 3294 
 464 
 688 
 24, 
 
 86 
 
 . 398 
 . 1377 
 . 2318 
 . 2595 
 . 2715 
 . 2800 
 . S112 
 . 2511 
 . 2407 
 . 933 
 . 2690 
 . 1010 
 . 3399 
 . 3279 
 . 3362 
 . 1893 
 . 1438 
 . 2764 
 . 2837 
 . 3031 
 . 3433 
 . 1346 
 
 . 1340 
 . 2249 
 
ITEM 
 
 View of 
 
 Planof . 
 
 Almshouse 
 Arms of State 
 
 Battery, The . 
 Battery, View from 
 Bay of New York . 
 
 Broadway 
 
 Castle Garden 
 Christ Church 
 City Hall . 
 
 Coffee House Slip . 
 College of Physicians 
 Columbia College . 
 
 Congregational Church . 
 
 Exchange, The . 
 Federal Hall 
 
 Fire of 1835 . 
 Fulton St. Market . 
 Government House 
 Grace Church 
 Hospital 
 
 Jews’ Synagogue 
 Merchants’ Exchange 
 Masonic Hall 
 
 New City Tavern 
 New Theatre 
 
 Park Row 
 
 Pilots’ Charitable Soc. . 
 
 Prison . 
 
 INDEX 
 ARTIST 
 
 Wood 
 
 Birch 
 
 Hooker 
 
 Bridges 
 
 Taylor . 
 
 Busby 
 
 Drayton 
 Birch 
 
 Burton . 
 Horner 
 Stansbury 
 Cummings 
 
 Forrest 
 Wilcow . 
 
 Stansbury 
 West 
 Anderson . 
 (Card of) . 
 
 Davis 
 Lacour . 
 
 Bayley . 
 Murray 
 (Card of) . 
 Davis 
 Davis 
 Davis 
 
 Burton . 
 
 (Certificate) . 
 . Fox 
 
 Mangin . 
 362 
 
 ENGRAVER 
 
 . Rollinson 
 . Seymour 
 
 St.Memin . 
 
 - Hooker . 
 . Maverick 
 . Roberts . 
 
 Tiebout . 
 
 . Hooker . 
 . Dawkins 
 
 Trenchard . 
 
 . Hill 
 
 Tucker 
 
 - Bennett . 
 . Leney 
 
 W. D. Smith 
 
 . Bennett . 
 . Hill ; 
 . Rawdon & Co . 
 » Steshe 
 
 . Pru@homme 
 . Pru@Vhomme 
 
 Tiebout . 
 
 . Danforth 
 . Leney 
 
 . Tiebout 
 . Maverick : 
 . Rawdon & Co. . 
 
 Yeager 
 
 . Doolittle 
 . Hill 
 
 Tiebout . 
 
 . Bennett . 
 
 . Bennett . 
 
 . NScoles 
 
 . Pru@homme 
 . Leney 
 
 Tisdale 
 W.D. Smith 
 W.D. Smith 
 W.D. Smith 
 Tisdale 
 
 . Tisdale 
 
 W. D. Smith 
 Hoogland 
 
 CHECK LIST 
 NUMBERS 
 
 . 2723 
 
 . 2884 
 2735-36 
 . 1448 
 
 . 2250 
 
 . 2702 
 3291-22 
 . 1447 
 
 . 462 
 
 . 3280 
 
 . 1387 
 
 . 3327 
 124 
 
 . 1890 
 
 . 2970 
 126 
 
 . 1895 
 
 . 2644 
 
 . 3023 
 
 . 2625 
 
 . 2624, 
 
 . 3223 
 
 . 459 
 
 . 1891 
 
 . 3205 
 
 . 2238 
 
 . 2645 
 
 . 3432 
 
 . 533 
 
 . 1403 
 
 . 3209 
 
 . 140-41 
 . 137 
 
 . 2832 
 
 . 2626 
 
 . 1892 
 
 . 3260 
 
 . 2967 
 
 . 2967 
 
 . 2967 
 
 . 3259 
 
 . 3258 
 
 . 2969 
 
 . . 1440 
 1013-14 
 
ITEM 
 
 Quarantine 
 Rotunda, The 
 
 Rutgers’ Medical Golleze 
 
 St. John Chapel 
 
 St. Matthew’s Church 
 St. Paul’s Church . 
 St. Stephen’s Church . 
 South Street . 
 
 Trinity Church . 
 U.S. Branch Bank 
 
 Unitarian Church . 
 Wall Street 
 
 New Zealand War Pests 3 
 Newark Presbyterian Church . 
 
 Newark to Paulus Hook 
 Newbold’s Plantation 
 Newburg, N. J. 
 
 Newell, Harriet 
 
 Newstead Abbey . 
 Newton, Isaac . 
 
 Newton, Isaac, Goaitenve : 
 
 Newton, John 
 
 Newton, Robert 
 Ney, Michel . 
 
 Niagara Falls, N. Y. 
 
 Niagara, Battle of 
 Nice, Italy oe 
 Dicalai Coin .- 5s 
 
 INDEX 
 
 ARTIST 
 
 Davis 
 Kvers 
 Davis 
 
 Bayley . 
 Davis 
 Bayley . 
 Anderson . 
 Davis 
 Davis 
 Burton . 
 
 Anderson . 
 (Map) . 
 
 Doyle 
 Doyle 
 
 Doyle 
 
 Russell . 
 Russell . 
 
 Neagle . 
 Wilson . 
 Bennett 
 
 Birch . 
 
 363 
 
 CHECK LIST 
 
 ENGRAVER NUMBERS 
 Bennett . eke 
 W.D. Smith . 2967 
 Durand . . 681 
 W.D.Smith . . 2968 
 
 . Rawdon & Co. . 2646 
 . Scoles . 247 
 . Prudhomme . 2697 
 . Yeager . 3437 
 . Bennett . . 144 
 . Pru@homme . 2628 
 . Tiebout . 3232 
 . Kearny . 1573 
 W.D. Smith . 2967 
 . W.D. Smith . 2967 
 - Hoogland . 1439 
 Callender «995 
 Tiebout . . 3219 
 Tiebout . . 3220 
 Trenchard . . 3296 
 Hill . 1340 
 . Annin 78 
 Hdwin . 838 
 Longacre . 2059 
 Rawdon . . 2636 
 . Farman 998 
 Edwin . 839 
 . Scoles . 2838 
 Ldwin . 958 
 . Jocelyn . 1548 
 . Leney . 1823 
 . Longacre . 2060 
 Dodson 497 
 Brown : . 280 
 Tanner & Co. . . 3113 
 - Bennett . . . 142 
 . Cooke . 435-36 
 - Hill 1348-49 
 Hill . 1410 
 . Maverick . 2251 
 Steel 0.0. . 3032 
 Thackara & Tiallanes . 3151 
 Tiebout . ~- 2 « BBS 
 Strickland . . 3059 
 . Seymour . 2888 
 . Hill . 1872 
 
ITEM 
 
 Nightmare, The 
 Night Scene, The . 
 Night Thoughts 
 Niobe : 
 Nisbet, Charles 
 Nisbet, C., Monument of 
 Noah, Mordecai M. 
 Norfolk, Va. 
 North, Lord . 
 Northcote, James 
 North River, N. Y. 
 
 North Carolina, etc. 
 Norwich, Vt. 
 
 Norwich Military Acad. 
 
 Notch House, N. H. . 
 Nott, Eliphalet . 
 
 O’Connell, Daniel . 
 O’ Neill, Miss 
 Obookiah . 
 
 Ogden, Aaron 
 Ohio River, Map of 
 Ohiophyle Falls, Pa. . 
 
 Olandah Equiano . 
 Old Pat ' 
 Old Testament 
 Olid, Christoval de 
 Olin, Stephen 
 
 Ongpatonga, Chief 
 Opie, John 
 
 Opie, Mrs. 
 
 Orange, Prince of 
 
 Orlamunda, Agnes von . 
 
 Orphans’ Asylum, Mass. 
 Osgood, Mrs. 
 
 Othello and deters 
 
 Otis, James . 
 
 Oto Council . 
 Ovid 
 
 INDEX 
 
 ARTIST 
 Fuseli 
 
 Gibson . 
 Smith 
 Shaw 
 Northcote . 
 Shaw 
 (Map) . 
 Johnson 
 Johnson 
 Ames 
 Davis 
 Durand 
 
 Schultz 
 
 Waldo . 
 
 Sap ae : 
 
 . Lawson . 
 
 . Durand . 
 
 . PruVhomme 
 
 . Bridport 
 
 . Leney 
 
 . Munson . 
 
 . Rollinson 
 
 oy oti ee 
 
 (Certificate) . 
 . . Dodson 
 
 . Leney 
 
 . Durand . 
 
 . Pelton 
 
 . J.R. Smith 
 
 Paradis 
 West 
 Neagle . 
 Opie. 
 Opie . 
 
 Graham 
 Blackburn 
 Blackburn 
 Seymour 
 Burney 
 
 364 
 
 ENGRAVER 
 
 . Boyd . 
 
 ot tein ewig” op, SCHRLIRTIEOR 
 (Title-page) . 
 Pyne Cs eg RS COtas 
 . Pelton 
 - Boyd . 
 
 Norman . 
 
 Gimbrede 
 
 . Ta 
 
 . Haines 
 
 . Leney 
 
 . Hill 
 
 . Bennett . 
 
 Aitken 
 
 . Peabody 
 . Peabody 
 
 Throop 
 
 - Durand . 
 
 . Maverick 
 
 . Longacre 
 
 . Jocelyn . . 
 . Maverick-Durand 
 . Durand . 
 
 . Maverick 
 
 . Scoles 
 
 Tanner 
 Tiebout . 
 
 . Durand . 
 
 Longacre 
 
 Mrs. Akin . 
 
 Lawson 
 
 . NScoles 
 
 CHECK LIST 
 NUMBERS 
 
 273 
 . | 296 
 . 2365 
 . 2839 
 . 2512 
 eee 
 . 1073 
 . 1343 
 . 1207 
 
 “SOT 
 1910-11 
 . 629 
 . 2513 
 . 2925 
 . 1694 
 . 2801 
 
ITEM 
 
 Owen, John . 
 Owenson, Miss . 
 Oysans, Cascade of 
 Oyster Cove, Va. 
 Oxford, Earl of 
 
 Oxford Light Infantry . 
 
 Paca, William 
 Page, Harlan 
 Pahaqualing, N. J. 
 
 Paine, Robert Treat . 
 Paine, Robert Treat, Jr. 
 
 Paine, Thomas . 
 
 Paley, William . 
 
 Palisades, The . 
 
 Paraclete, The . 
 
 Paragon, Steamboat . 
 
 Paris, France 
 
 Parish, E. 
 
 Parke, John . 
 Parker, Martyn 
 Parkinson, William 
 Parnell, Thomas 
 Parsons, Ann 
 Parsons, Enoch 
 Parsons, Jonathan 
 Parsons, Levi 
 
 Parsons, Theophilus . 
 
 Parthenon, The 
 
 Partridge, Alden . 
 Pass of La Cabrera 
 Passaic Falls, N. J. 
 
 Passaic River 
 Patterson, James . 
 Patton, William 
 Paul I— Russia 
 
 INDEX 
 
 ARTIST 
 Vertue . 
 
 Shaw 
 Underwood 
 Copley . 
 Badger . 
 Hoffman 
 Hoffman 
 Savage . 
 Stuart 
 Romney 
 Romney 
 Kidd 
 
 Livingston 
 Craig 
 Williams 
 
 Lemet 
 
 Morse 
 Stuart . 
 Sargent 
 Bartlett 
 Birch 
 Frazier . 
 Shaw 
 Birch 
 Shaw 
 
 Otis . . 
 Metcalf . 
 
 ENGRAVER 
 
 Gimbrede 
 Leney 
 
 . Kearny . » 
 . Hill 
 
 . Maverick 
 Nesmith . .. 
 
 Maverick 
 
 . Prudhomme 
 
 Clarke 
 Scoles 
 Longacre 
 Tisdale 
 Scoles 
 Wright 
 
 . Longacre 
 . Prudhomme 
 
 Tucker 
 Hill 
 Tiebout . 
 Harrison 
 
 . Anderson 
 . Neagle aru 
 . Scot & Allardice . 
 . JR. Smith . 
 
 Malcom . 
 Scoles 
 Maverick 
 
 . Leney 
 
 Edwin 
 
 . Pelton 
 . Pelton 
 
 Throop 
 
 Leney 
 
 Tucker 
 Willard . 
 
 . Kearny 
 . Childs 
 . Hill 
 
 . Scoles 
 
 Tucker 
 
 . Hill 
 . J.R. Smith 
 
 Durand . 
 
 Scorodorumoff Leney 
 
 365 
 
 CHECK LIST 
 NUMBERS 
 
 - 1074 
 - 1826 
 - 1586 
 . 1343 
 . 2294 
 . 2323 
 
 . 2225 
 . 2597 
 - 414 
 . 2842 
 . 2062 
 » 3254 
 . 2802 
 . 3412 
 . 2063 © 
 . 2596 
 . 3311 
 . 1340 
 - 3225 
 . 1299 
 . 64 
 . 2316 
 . 2864 
 . 2926 
 . 2166 
 . 2863 
 . 2226 
 . 1827 
 . 840 
 - 2514 
 . 2515 
 . 3157 
 . 1828 
 . 3323 
 . 3386 
 . 1577 
 . 310 
 . 1343 
 . 2843 
 . 3324 
 . 1343 
 . 2927 
 . 630 
 . 1829 
 
INDEX 
 
 CHECK LIST 
 
 ITEM ARTIST ENGRAVER NUMBERS 
 Paul, Thomas Cooke . a tis ae . Longacre . 2064 
 Paulding, William Durand - Durand . . 631 
 Pawnee Brave . King . Jocelyn . . 1550 
 Payne, Master . Wood . Leney . 1830 
 Payson, Edward . Pratt . Kelly . 1616 
 Paxton Expedition, The - Dawkins . AGT 
 Peacock and L’E pervier AIT OE . Hamlin . . 1246 
 Birch . Strickland . . 3060 
 
 Peace of 1783 ies atthe . Norman . . 2366 
 Peak, John Chorley . Annin & Smith 97 
 Peak Cavern a MS ag th Kearny . 1589 
 Peale, Charles Willson . Peale . Longacre . 2065 
 Pearce, Samuel Medley . . Annin & Smith 98 
 Medley . . Boyds.c icy ee . 258 
 
 pees i: Goodman & Piggo . 1148 
 
 Medley . . Longacre . 2066 
 Peck, George Pine . . Prudhomme . 2599 
 Pedlars Falls, Va. erie . Drayton . 547 
 Pekenino, Michele Durand . Durand . . 632 
 Pelham Foreign Portraits . (List of) . Pelham - 2476 
 Penn, William . iy eee ee . Anderson eee.) 
 Bevan . Edwin — . 841-43 
 
 Pia hee . Kneass-Young . 1652 
 
 Barralet . Lawson . 1683 
 
 Edwin . . Longacre 2067 —68 
 
 . Smither . . 2981 
 
 . Snyder . 2995 
 
 Tisdale . 3255 
 
 Penn Arms ha ry Turner . 3332 
 Penn’s Treaty West . Moore - 2277 
 West G. 4. Smith . 2912 
 
 Penn’s Treaty Medal cis is la ta = . 2293 
 Pennsylvania, Map Howell-Lewis Scoles . 2841 
 Cope ig. . Turner . 3334 
 
 Pennsylvania Roads . (Map) . . Smither . . 2985 
 Pennsylvania, Arms of . Trenchard . . 3279 
 
 (Title-page) . Attken . .4. 50.) gee 
 (Frontispiece) Smither . . . . . . 2984 
 
 Pennsylvania Magazine 
 
 Pennsylvania Politics (Caricature) . Charles . ... . . 334 
 Pennsylvania, U. S. Ship ove ix ts bo Benneiee . 148 
 Pepperrill, Sir William . Smibert . Pelham . 2471 
 Pepys, Elizabeth . Hailes . Steel . . 3013 
 Pepys, Samuel . Kneller . . Steel . . 3014 
 Percival, Spencer . Williams Kneass . . 1653 
 Percy, Hugh Earl . Smither . . 2982 
 
 366 
 
- TTEM 
 
 Perfect, William 
 Perry, Oliver H. 
 
 Jarvis 
 Perry, O. H.—Memorial Brenton 
 Perry’s Victory Corne 
 Birch 
 Barralet. 
 Peruvian Images are 
 Petalesharoo Neagle . 
 Peter IIJ— Russia elie ows 
 Peters, Hugh eer iia! 
 Peters, William Peters 
 Petre, Lord . Peters 
 Pharamond . 
 Philadelphia 
 View of - Birch 
 ‘Birch 
 Hill . 
 Hoffman 
 Birch 
 Birch 
 Map of 
 Academy of Fine Arts. Strickland 
 Barralet 
 Academy of Natural Sciences Strickland 
 Almshouse, Spruce St. Birch 
 Strickland 
 Arch St. Ferry . Birch 
 Arch St. Theatre . Yeager . 
 Bank of Pennsylvania Birch 
 Strickland 
 Bank of Philadelphia Birch 
 Bank of United States . Birch 
 Strickland 
 Strickland 
 Strickland 
 Strickland 
 Chestnut St. Theatre . Birch 
 Christ Church ... . Birch 
 
 INDEX 
 
 ARTIST 
 
 Waldo . 
 
 367 
 
 ENGRAVER 
 
 . Leney 
 . Delleker 
 . Hdwin 
 
 Gimbrede 
 
 . Lewis 
 . Pekenino 
 . Sanford . 
 
 Willard . 
 
 . Annin 
 . Lawson 
 
 Tanner 
 
 Doolittle 
 
 Maverick 
 
 . Leney 
 
 Leney 
 
 . Leney 
 . Leney 
 . Bowes 
 
 Birch . 
 Cone . 
 
 ees Lh) 
 . Scoles 
 
 Seymour 
 Tucker 
 
 . Scot & Allardice . 
 . Smither . 
 
 Turner 
 Childs 
 Tanner 
 Childs 
 
 . Birch. 
 . Boyd . 
 
 Birch . 
 Yeager 
 Birch . 
 Tucker 
 
 . Birch. 
 
 . Birch . 
 
 . Childs 
 
 . Kearny 
 
 . Kneass-Young 
 
 Tucker 
 
 . Fox 
 
 Birch . 
 
 CHECK LIST 
 NUMBERS 
 
 . 1831 
 
 - . 482 
 . 844-45 
 1075-76 
 . 1915 
 
 . 2451 
 
 . 2740 
 
 . 3387 
 87-88 
 
 : 1691 
 
 . 3138 
 
 . 538 
 
 . 2997 
 
 . 1832 
 
 . 1833 
 
 . 1834 
 
 . 1835 
 24.0 
 
 178 
 429 
 1350-51 © 
 . 2844 
 . 2882 
 - 3327 
 . 2866 
 . 2986 
 . 3333 
 . 3dl 
 . 3137 
 352 
 160 
 270 
 161 
 
 . 3430 
 162 
 
 . 3316 
 163 
 164 
 
 . S54 
 . 1572 
 . 1659 
 . 3317 
 . 1012 
 165 
 
ITEM 
 
 Christ Church” ).s) . =.) a. 
 
 Congress Hall, etc. 
 Deaf and Dumb Asylum 
 
 Dorsey’s Gothic Mansion . 
 
 Eastern Penitentiary . 
 
 Election Scenein . . 
 Fairmount Water Works 
 
 Franklin Hotel . ... . 
 
 Franklin Library . 
 Girard’s Bank 
 
 Girard College... . 
 High St. Viewon. . . 
 
 High St. Markets . .. . 
 
 Jail, Walnut St. 
 
 Lemon Hill .... 
 
 Library and Surgeons’ Hall 
 
 Lutheran Church, Old 
 Lutheran Church, New . 
 Market St. Bridge . 
 
 Masonic Hall 
 
 Masonic Hall, Fire at 
 Merchants’ Hotel 
 
 New Market, Second St. 
 New Theatre 
 
 Pennsylvania Hospital . 
 
 INDEX 
 
 ARTIST 
 Strickland 
 
 Birch 
 Strickland 
 Mills 
 Haviland 
 Mason 
 Krimmel 
 Birch . 
 Doughty 
 Doughty 
 Lehman 
 Birch 
 Birch 
 Doughty 
 
 Strickland 
 Strickland 
 Walter . 
 Birch 
 Birch 
 Birch 
 Birch 
 
 Birch 
 Birch 
 Birch 
 Strickland 
 Birch 
 Strickland 
 Jones 
 
 Birch 
 Birch 
 Lewis 
 
 Birch .. 
 Strickland 
 
 Hoffman 
 Strickland 
 
 McArthur . 
 
 368 
 
 ENGRAVER 
 
 . Childs 
 
 - Malcom . 
 
 Birch . 
 
 . Childs 
 
 Tanner 
 
 . Childs 
 
 . Childs 
 
 . Lawson . 
 . Campbell 
 
 Cone 
 
 Hill 
 
 . Steel . 
 
 . JR. Smith . 
 
 Tanner 
 Tiller . 
 Tucker 
 
 Thackara 
 
 . Childs 
 
 Steel . 
 
 . Birch . 
 
 . Birch . 
 
 . Birch . 
 
 . Birch. 
 
 . Malcom . 
 . Heilious . 
 . Birch . 
 
 ». aBireh. 
 
 . Birch . 
 
 . Plocher . 
 . Seymour 
 . Kneass 
 
 . Trenchard . 
 
 Hill 
 Tucker 
 Birch . 
 
 . Birch . 
 . Ralph 
 . Birch . 
 
 Childs 
 
 . Claypoole 
 - Dawkins 
 . Heilious . 
 ETE 3, 
 
 Seymour 
 Tucker , 
 
 CHECK LIST 
 NUMBERS 
 
 . . 356 
 2168-69 
 171 
 
 . 358 
 
 . 3193 
 360 
 
 . 359 
 . 1692 
 302 
 
 . 428 
 . 1333 
 
 . 3025 
 
 . 3194 
 
 . 3248 
 
 , 3319 
 . 2935. 
 
 . 3150 
 
 . 353 
 
 . 3026 
 
 , < paees 
 . 4-15 
 . 159 
 172 
 
 . 2170 
 
 . 985 
 
 . 159, 176 
 166 
 
 167 
 
 . DAY 
 
 . 2885 
 
 . 1663 
 
 . 1345 
 
 . 3322 
 
 . it 
 
 . 3295 
 171 
 
 . 2632 
 
 . 159, 179 
 . 368-69 
 396 
 
 . . 468 
 . 983-84 
 . 1411 
 
ITEM 
 
 Pennsylvania Hospital 
 
 Penna. Hospital for Insane 
 Presbyterian Church, Ist 
 
 Presbyterian Church, 2nd 
 
 Robert Morris House 
 
 St. Stephen’s Church . 
 
 State House . 
 
 State House, Back View 
 
 State House Garden . 
 
 Swedes’ Church . 
 
 Third St. Hall . 
 
 Third and Market Sts. 
 Third and Spruce Sts. 
 
 Treaty Tree . . 
 Unitarian Church . 
 
 University of Penna. . 
 
 Washington’s Funeral 
 Washington Hall . 
 
 Water Works, Centre Square 
 
 Water Works, Chestnut St. 
 Widows and Orphans Asylum 
 
 Zion Church, Burned 
 
 Philadelphia at Tripoli . 
 
 Philadelphia Cadets . 
 Philadelphia Views 
 Philistines, ete. . 
 Philip, King . 
 
 Philip [V— France 
 Philips, T. . 
 Phillips, John 
 
 Phillips, T. : 
 Phillips, William . 
 Phillips, W. W. 
 Phillips, Miss 
 Phcebus, William . 
 Physick, Philip Syng 
 
 INDEX 
 
 CHECK LIST 
 
 ARTIST ENGRAVER NUMBERS 
 ia s Yeager . 3434 
 Mason . - Tucker . 3326 
 Birch Birch . 168 
 Haviland - Boyd . Q71 
 Birch . Birch . 169 
 Birch - Birch . 173 
 Strickland . Childs 375 
 Birch . Birch . 181 
 Strickland . Childs . . 38376 
 Wells . Neagle . . 2315 
 Peale Trenchard . . 3299 
 Birch Birch . 182 
 Birch - Birch . Pre bo) 
 Birch - Birch . . 159, 170 
 Sully - Childs ote ee 
 er a Steel . . 3024 
 Birch - Birch . 186 
 Birch . - Birch . 185 
 Parkyns - Cook . 438 
 Reinagle . Childs . 378 
 Strickland . Steel . . 3035 
 Birch . Birch . : Pane $Y | 
 Strickland . Strickland . . 3065 
 Birch - Birch . . 188 
 Barralet . Tiebout . . 3234 
 Doughty Childs . 882 
 Strickland . Steel . . 3037 
 Reiche . 2663 
 
 oh re weg eee Hamlin . . 1247 
 Underwood . Nesmith . - 2324 
 Birch . Barker 117 
 . Allen . - 39 
 
 . Revere . 2671 
 Seymour. . 2876 
 
 . J.R. Smith . . 2928 
 
 Pike ene i . Hoogland . 1428 
 Williams . Lavigne . . 1676 
 Percival Gimbrede . 1077 
 Stuart . . Pelton . . 2516 
 Waldo & Jewett W. D. Smith . 2960 
 sien Mee ee. MOROU RO. . 1836 
 Paradise . Durand . . 633 
 Inman . . Dodson . Sivek 1. nee 
 Inman... . . Durand... ... 634 
 Sully. . Longacre . =... . 2069 
 
 369 
 
ITEM 
 
 Physick, Philip Syng 
 Pickens, Andrew . 
 Pickering, Timothy 
 
 Picton, Gen. 
 
 Picturesque View of G. B. 
 
 Pierce, Ben. 
 Pike, Zebulon M. 
 
 Pilmore, Joseph 
 
 Pinckney, Charles C. . 
 
 Pindar, Peter 
 Pinkney, William . 
 
 Pinto,G. F. . 
 Pioneers, The 
 Pitt, William 
 
 Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 Placide, Alexander 
 Platoff, Gen. 
 
 Platt, Jonas . 
 Plattsburg, Battle ve 
 Playing Draughts 
 Plessis, Joseph Octave 
 Plutarch . 
 
 Plymouth Dock 
 
 Poinsett, Joel R. 
 Polk, James K. . 
 Pollok, Robert . 
 Pomarre, King . 
 
 INDEX 
 
 ARTIST 
 Otis . 
 Sully 
 Waldo 
 Catlin 
 Stuart 
 
 Pratt 
 Peale 
 
 Neagle . 
 Peale 
 
 Bounetheau . 
 
 Paul . 
 
 Peale 
 
 ‘King 
 (uitlepage) ; 
 
 Peale 
 
 Lehman 
 Lehman 
 Trumbull .. 
 Burnet . 
 
 James 
 
 Garvey . 
 Longacre . 
 
 370 
 
 CHECK LIST 
 
 ENGRAVER NUMBERS 
 
 . Otis . 2381 
 Longacre - 2070 
 Gimbrede . 1078 
 
 . Longacre . 2071 
 Piggot . 2543 
 
 . Rollinson . 2721 
 . Revere . 2692 
 G.G. Smith . 2903 
 
 . Hdwin 847 
 . Edwin . 846 
 . Gimbrede . 1079 
 . Kennedy . 1636 
 Tanner & Co. . Sill 
 Willard . . 3388 
 
 . Yeager ~  « 3424 
 : Goodman & Piggot . . 1149 
 . Peale . .  « 2425 
 : Akin Haman 20 
 Anderson 60 
 Durand . . 635 
 
 . Tiebout . . 3189 
 . Hill . 1385 
 . Leney . 1837 
 . Durand . . 636 
 . Longacre . 2072 
 . Longacre . 2073 
 Lang . . 1674 
 
 . Hdwin - 848- 49 
 . Peale . . 2426 
 . Prudhomme - 2619 
 . Childs . 371 
 . Steel . 3033 
 . Hdwin ; . 850 
 Tanner & Co. . . S114 
 Durand . . 637 
 . Reed . . 2660 
 o's OPES Dove . 2382 
 .. Durand . 638 
 . Boyd . 259 
 . Edwin 851 
 . Birch. . 155 
 . Longacre - + 2074 
 . Pru@’homme ~.) + 2600~ 
 . Longacre . 2137 
 . Hoogland . 1429 
 
ITEM 
 Pont du Gard 
 
 Pope, Alexander 
 
 Poros Harbor, Morea 
 Porpoise, U.S. Brig . 
 
 Porter, David 
 
 Porter, Ebenezer 
 
 Porter, Jacob 
 Porter, Jane 
 
 Portsmouth, N. H. 
 Portsmouth, England 
 Port Folio, The 
 
 Post, Edward 
 
 Poulson, Susannah 
 Powell, Snelling 
 
 Powell, Mrs. 
 
 Prague, Battle of 
 Preble, Edward 
 
 President’s House, Wash. . 
 
 Preston, William . 
 Prideaux, Humphrey 
 
 Prince, Joseph . 
 
 Prince, Thomas 
 Prodigal Son, The 
 Providence, R. I. ; 
 Providence Congre’l] Church . 
 Providence Marine Soc. 
 Providence Meeting House 
 Providence St. John’s Church . 
 
 INDEX 
 
 ARTIST 
 Roubilliac . 
 Keller . 
 Kneller . 
 Wood 
 Wood 
 Jocelyn 
 
 Doyle 
 
 Duncannon 
 
 ( Title-pages ) 
 (Title-page) . 
 —, . . Anderson 
 
 Peale 
 
 DeWilde 
 (Medal) 
 (Medal) 
 Doughty 
 
 Drummond 
 
 Greenwood 
 
 (Certificate) . 
 rather areas 26 
 
 371 
 
 ENGRAVER 
 Harrison 
 
 . Danforth 
 
 Hdwin 
 
 . Haines 
 . Hanm 
 
 Hoogland 
 
 . Longacre 
 
 W.D. Smith 
 Valentine 
 Kearny 
 
 . Bennett . 
 . Hdwin 
 
 Gimbrede 
 
 . Lewis 
 
 . Pru@homme . 
 . Reed & Stiles . 
 . Longacre 
 
 Gimbrede 
 Gimbrede 
 Yeager 
 Bowen 
 Birch . 
 Edwin 
 Harrison 
 
 Lawson . 
 
 . Hill 
 
 . Leney 
 
 . Frederick 
 . Harris 
 
 . Kelly . 
 
 Edwin 
 Lawson . 
 
 . Steel . 
 
 Stone . 
 Leney 
 Lavigne . 
 
 . Hill 
 . Pelham 
 
 Doolittle 
 
 . Hamlin . 
 
 Hamlin . 
 Hamlin . 
 
 Hamlin . 
 
 CHECK LIST 
 NUMBERS 
 
 . 1300 
 450 
 
 852 
 
 . 1208-9 
 . 1257 
 
 . 1430 
 
 . 2075 
 
 . 2961 
 
 . 3338 
 
 Be bey te 
 IAT 
 
 . 853 
 
 . 1080 
 
 . 1915 
 
 . 2601 
 
 - 2658 
 
 . 2076 
 
 . 1081 
 
 . 1082 
 
 ~ 3425 
 931 
 
 ~«- 166 
 . 942, 948 
 . 1309 
 
 merepet | 
 
 . 1684 
 
 . 1378 
 
 . 1838 
 
 . 1020 
 
 . 1271 
 
 . 1617 
 
 . 854 
 
 . 1685 
 
 . 3038 
 
 - 3044 
 
 . 1839 
 
 . 1677 
 
 . 1379 
 
 . « 2472 
 . 539-41 
 . 1945 
 
 . 1244 
 
 . 1249 
 
 . 1412 
 
 . 1243 
 
 ’ 
 
CHECK LIST 
 ITEM ARTIST ENGRAVER NUMBERS 
 Pregence’ "ey! «(is Seetepttat be Clarke - 4 ie » (419 . 
 Psalmsof David ... . . Johnston ... . 1506 
 Psalm-Singer’s Amusement . Norman . . 2368 
 Psalm-Tunes .... « « Turner . 3335-36 
 Stats) \btige ¢ Nae meena . 2691 
 Psyche . . . «+» «6 e (Frontispiece) Hdwtn 936 
 Patnam, Israel .. ei aes e's. en ae ae 
 Trumbull . . Gimbrede . - 1083 
 Trumbull . . Humphrys... . . 1472 
 Pym, John |... s+, sui ° - Pru@homme - 2602 
 Quarles, Francis .... . - Edwin 856 
 Quebec,Canada ..... . Aitken 9 
 PEER ie ee . 437 
 Strickland . Kneass . - 1664 
 tan’ - Johnston . 1505 
 8 . Leney . . 1894 
 ee ce . 2703 
 Queenstown,Canada .. . Strickland . Strickland . . 3061 
 Quincy, Josiah . . . . - - (Caricature). Charles... . 314 
 Quixote,Don ..... . Lesle . . Danforth . 451 
 Radnor Church .. . . . Strickland Tiebout . - 3226 
 Raikes, Robert.) a lidyhe eee 3s . Munson... . . 2281 
 Ram Mohun Roy . 2 gs eps + ee - Annin & Smith «999 
 Ramsay,David .... . White . Gimbrede .. .. . 1084 
 Peale . Longacre - 2077 
 Rancliffe,Lord .... -» See . Leney . 1840 
 Randolph, John ... «2. 6 « s . Edwin . 857 
 Jarvis . Gimbrede en neigh oak ae 
 Randolph, Peyton Peale - Goodman & Piggot . . 1151 
 Rapelje, Rem . Durand . Sis 639 
 Raphael . . alte ge . Hdwin 858 
 Read, George Pine . . Longacre . 2078 
 Red Jacket Weir . Danforth 452 
 Redman, John . eer cee tee . Edwin 959 
 Reece, Richard Paradise . Durand . 640 
 Reed, Nelson Ruckle . W.D. Smith 2962 
 Rees, Abraham Opie . . Gobrecht 1112 
 Reeve, Tapping Catlin . Maverick - 2228 
 Reid, Thomas . . Annin 80 
 Remarkable Bridge . eet sells le. a emeneai 3297 
 Retreat, The,Pa. . . . . . Atkenson . . Kennedy . 1638 
 Rescinders, The ... . ye: . « Mevere ss.” wane - 2693 
 Resurrection of a Pious Family Peters . . . Clarke ..... . 417 
 
 INDEX 
 
 872 
 
ITEM 
 
 Resurrection of a Pious Family 
 
 Rhodes .. 
 Rhone Glacier 
 
 Richard I1I—England . 
 
 Richard III, Last Act of 
 Richards, James 
 
 Richmond, Chas., Duke of . 
 
 Richmond, Legh 
 
 Richmond, Va. 
 
 Ricketts, Mr. 
 Ridgely, C. 
 Riley, James 
 
 Riley, Jas., Narrative 
 
 Rippon, John 
 
 Rittenhouse, David 
 
 Roberts, James 
 
 Roberts, Robert R. 
 Robertson, William . 
 
 Robespierre, M. 
 
 Robinson, Mrs. . 
 Rochemaure Castle 
 
 Rochow, Mr. 
 Rock Fort 
 
 Rocky Mountains . 
 
 Rodgers, John 
 
 Rogers, John 
 
 Rogers, William 
 
 Rogers, Rev. 
 
 Roland, Madame 
 
 Rollin, Charles 
 
 e 
 
 e 
 
 ° 
 
 Rockingham, Marquis of . 
 
 INDEX 
 
 ARTIST 
 POteTe *s 2. - 
 
 e 
 
 ENGRAVER 
 Hill. 
 
 - Scoles . 
 
 . Kearney .. 
 
 « BOyR ss as 
 Rie ete) 8 os OM Cy 
 (Caricature). Johnston °. 
 Trott . . Bridport 
 Schroeder . . Leney 
 Slater . Longacre 
 Cooke .. . Bennett . 
 Proger > HE" 
 
 . Maverick 
 
 Jarvis . . 
 
 . Scoles 
 
 Goodman & Piggot . 
 
 Carman . Gimbrede . 
 (Illustrations) Hooker . 
 (Illustration) Marchant . 
 Auer e ey COR 
 Peale ... Edwin . 
 a) kil eee ew, 2), OD 
 Peale . . . Gobrecht 
 ‘ : . Houston 
 Savage . . Jarvis 
 Peale . Longacre 
 Peale . Savage 
 Yates . Johnston 
 Neagle . . Longacre 
 aieehes kam ie) «i AE ET BO 
 Reynolds . . Tanner 
 Raffet . . . Pru@homme 
 Reynolds . . Birch. . 
 er see . Seymour 
 phere ae 
 Inman . . Maverick 
 . : . Haines 
 Seymour . Kearny 
 Jarvis . Hdwin 
 . Leney 
 sat ouetaa a . Gimbrede 
 Smibert ¢ SRGUG eS a 
 
 Williams .. 
 
 J.R. Smith . 
 
 . Annin & Smith 
 
 Raffet . .. 
 
 373 
 
 . Annin & Smith 
 
 Prudhomme 
 Ellis .. 
 
 CHECK LIST 
 NUMBERS 
 
 - 1359 
 » 2845 
 - 1590 
 - 260 
 . 1841 
 . 1499 
 ~ QT 
 . 1842 
 - 2079 
 - 143 
 . 1352 
 . 2253 
 - 2804 
 . 1150 
 - 1086 
 . 1449 
 - 2172 
 - 422 
 
 860 
 . 859 
 - 1113 
 - 1463 
 - 1481 
 . 2080 
 - 2748 
 . 1494 
 - 2081 
 - 62 
 3099 
 - 2603 
 . 153 
 . 2872 
 . 1372 
 - 2254 
 . 1210 
 . 1579 
 . 861 
 - 1843 
 . 1087 
 . 1618 
 - 2929 
 
ITEM 
 Rollin, Charles . 
 
 Romaine, William 
 Romeyn, J.B. . . 
 Rosalind and Orlando 
 Ross, George 
 
 Ross, James . 
 
 Ross, William 
 Rousseau, J.J. . 
 
 Rousseau’s Tomb . 
 Rowan, Archibald H. 
 Rowe, Elizabeth S. 
 
 Rowe’s Letters . 
 Rubens, Peter Paul 
 
 Rumford, Ct. Benjamin 
 
 Rumpff, Mrs. 
 Rush, Benjamin 
 
 Ruspini, Chevalier 
 Russell, Nathaniel 
 Russell, William Lord 
 Ruter, Martin 
 
 Prarie Bsa eee 
 Ruthven, Lady ab. 
 Rutgers, Henry 
 Rutledge, Edward 
 Ryland, John 
 
 St. Andrew’s Soc., Pa. 
 St. Anthony . 
 
 INDEX 
 
 CHECK List 
 
 ARTIST ENGRAVER NUMBERS 
 Penniman . Kelly . 1619 
 Penniman . . Neagle . 2311 
 Coypel . . Scoles - 2805 
 Coypel . W.D. Smith . 2963 
 is Fis . Snyder . 2992 
 . Tanner . 3100 
 
 Allen . 32 
 
 Waldo & Jewett Durand . ~ 641 
 Downman . . Leney . 1906 
 igre aft . Steel . +e SOLS 
 Sully - Goodman & Piggoi Rr bY) 
 Paradise . Durand . fare 642 
 - Doolittle 514 
 
 . Fairman «Poe 
 
 . Scoles . 2846 
 
 . Scoles. . 2806 
 
 . Edwin  962- 63 
 
 oa ve). ee . 2343 
 (Title-page) . Hdwin - 929 
 os we oa ee ee . 3345 
 . Hooker . . 1445 
 
 Trenchard . . 3273 
 
 ee . Prudhomme - 2605 
 Paul . Akin. 21 
 Sully . Dodson soe 400 
 Sully . Hdwin . 864-65 
 Sully. . Gobrecht . 1114 
 Haines . . Haines . 1212 
 Haines . . Jones . . 1524 
 SeGee - LeMet - 1702 
 Sully . Leney . 1844 
 Sully . Longacre . 2082 
 Savage . . Savage . 2749 
 ae as . Leney - 1845 
 Savage . . Savage . 2750 
 reer ey . 2821 
 Longacre . . Longacre . 2083 
 . Maverick . 2266 
 
 sath e . Longacre . 2144 
 Inman Wright . 3413 
 Earle . Longacre - 2084 
 Bramwhite. . Hoogland . 1431 
 (Certificate) . Scot . . 2868 
 c+ 6 es oe Darand 7: 643 
 
 374 
 
ITEM 
 St. Anthony’s Falls 
 
 St. Barbara . 
 St. Catharine 
 St. Francis 
 
 St. George Soc., Pa. : 
 St. Helena,Islandof . 
 
 St. John—Confessor . 
 St. John in Patmos 
 St. Joseph .. 
 
 St. Lawrence River 
 St. Leonard’s Cottage 
 St. Michael’s Mount . 
 St. Michel at Puy . 
 St. Peter’s, Rome . 
 
 INDEX 
 
 ARTIST 
 Shaw 
 
 A lb ano 
 
 (Certificate) . 
 ‘) Witney) Drayton °. 
 
 Barnett 
 
 Schetky 
 
 St. Peter and St. Paul, ‘cars of : 
 
 St. Vincent, Earlof . 
 St. Vincent’s Rock 
 Sacred Harmony .. . 
 Sacketts Harbor, N. H. 
 
 Sacondaga and Hudson Rivers 
 
 Sainbel, Charles V. de 
 Salaberry, C. M. d’l. 
 Salem Court House 
 Saltonstall, Gurdon 
 Samoieds, The . 
 Sampson, Deborah 
 Sampson, William 
 Sancta Sophia, Church . 
 Sandford, P. P. 
 Sandoval, Gonzales de 
 ‘Sands, Robert C. 
 Sandy Hill, N. Y. 
 
 Sandy Hook, Haninoctial off 
 
 Sandy Hook Lighthouse 
 Sandy Hook Monument 
 Saratoga Springs, N. Y. 
 
 Sargent, Thomas . 
 Sargent, Thomas F. 
 
 Volozan 
 Birch 
 Birch 
 
 Dickinson . 
 Gray 
 Jarvis 
 Pine . 
 Weir 
 Anderson . 
 Anderson . 
 Inman . 
 Longacre . 
 Thomson 
 
 375 
 
 ENGRAVER 
 
 . Hill 
 
 . Scoles 
 . Hamm 
 - Hamm 
 . Boyd . 
 . Hamm 
 
 Woodruff 
 Smither . 
 
 Munger . 
 
 . Strickland . 
 . Hamm 
 . Justice . . 
 
 Woodruff 
 
 . Hewitt 
 
 - Drayton . 
 . Harrison 
 . Harrison 
 
 Lawson . 
 Tiebout . 
 Tanner & Co. 
 
 . Kneass 
 
 . EHdwin 
 
 . Plocher . 
 
 . Strickland . 
 . Hill 
 
 . Leney 
 
 . Durand . 
 
 . Hill 
 
 Doolittle 
 
 . Seymour 
 
 Graham . 
 
 . Gimbrede 
 
 . Lawson . 
 
 . Pru@homme 
 . Lawson . 
 
 . Durand . 
 
 . Hill 
 
 . Bennett . 
 
 Tiebout . 
 Tiebout 
 
 - Mase. 
 
 Trenchard . 
 
 . Longacre 
 . Rollinson 
 
 CHECK List 
 NUMBERS 
 
 - . . 1343 
 - 2847 
 . 1261 
 - 1262 
 
 wow 261 
 1263 — 64 
 . 3408 
 - 2987 
 . 548 
 . 2279 
 . 3062 
 - 1260 
 . 1563 
 . 3409 
 . 1320 
 . 549 
 . 1301 
 . 1302 
 . 1697 
 . 3231 
 . 3112 
 . 1670 
 . 930 
 . 2548 
 . 3063 
 . 1340 
 . 1846 
 . 644 
 - 1413 
 . 515 
 . 2891 
 . 1168 
 . 1088 
 . 1678 
 . 2606 
 . 1679 
 . 645 
 . 1340 
 . 136 
 ~ 3227 
 . 3228 
 . 2255 
 . 3298 
 . 2085 
 - 2716 
 
ITEM 
 
 Sault Ste. Marie .. 
 Saurin, James . 
 
 Savannah, Burning of 
 Savannah, Siegeof . 
 Sawbridge, Alderman 
 Schmidt, John F. . 
 Schuylkill Bridge 
 
 Schuylkill Canal, Pa. 
 Schuylkill Falls, Pa. . 
 
 Schuylkill River, Pa. 
 Schultz, Christopher, Jr. 
 Schuyler, Philip 
 
 Schwartz, Christopher F. 
 
 Schwartzenberg, Gen. 
 HAO co ahs . 
 Scott, Sir Walter s 
 
 Scott, Winfield 
 
 Scott, Thomas . 
 
 Sculptured Bones . 
 Seabury, Samuel . 
 
 Seat of War, 1775 
 Seasons, The 
 Sears, David . 
 
 Sedgley,Pa. . . . % 
 
 Sedgley Park,Pa. .. 
 
 INDEX 
 
 ARTIST 
 Schoolcraft 
 Picart . . 
 Picart 
 Shaw 
 (Plan) . 
 Eckstein 
 Barralet 
 Birch . 
 Lehman 
 Shaw 
 Hoffman 
 Watson . 
 
 Trumbull . 
 
 Leslie... 
 Raeburn 
 Raeburn 
 Chantry 
 Raeburn 
 Leslie 
 Gimbrede . 
 Weir 
 Cosse 
 Cosse 
 Cosse 
 
 ‘Duche 
 
 (Map) . 
 pega 4 
 Biren 
 Olay on. 
 
 376 
 
 ENGRAVER 
 
 . Rawdon. . 
 
 Durand . 
 
 . Longacre 
 
 . Aill 
 
 . St.Memin . 
 . Haines 
 
 . Hekstein 
 
 . Lawson . 
 
 . Seymour 
 
 . Childs 
 
 . Hill 
 
 Tiebout . 
 
 . Childs 
 
 . Leney 
 
 . Kelly . 
 
 . Leney isla 
 . Longacre .. 
 
 Tanner & Co. . 
 
 . Kearny 
 . Hdwin. ws 
 - Danforth . 
 
 Dodson. . 
 
 ; MavertchsDaeane 
 . Jocelyn-Munson . 
 . Melle. . ws 
 . Keliy 2s 
 
 Longacre . 
 
 . Longacre 
 . Gimbrede . 
 . Pru@homme 
 
 Tanner & Co. 
 
 . Chorley . . . 
 - Danforth 
 
 . Hoogland .. 
 . Jocelyn . . 
 
 Longacre 
 Main . 
 
 . Strickland . 
 
 Annin & Smith 
 
 . Gimbrede 
 . Romans . 
 
 Edwin . 
 
 . Pru@homme . 
 
 Birch 0" 5m 
 Childs .. 
 
 CHECK LIST 
 
 NUMBERS 
 . 2639 
 - 646 
 . 2086 
 . 1343 
 ~ 2737 
 . 1211 
 - . 685 
 1695-96 
 . 2885 
 . S72 
 . 1343 
 - 3229 
 . 373 
 . 1847 
 - 1620 
 . 1848 
 
 oe Oe 
 
 « % 2199 
 
 . . 1551 
 
INDEX 
 CHECK LIST 
 
 ITEM ARTIST ENGRAVER NUMBERS 
 
 Sedgwick, CatharineM. . . Ingham... Durand. .... . 648 
 oy eel ea eye SD ORRON nwa chaps: BOT 
 
 Sedgwick, Theodore . . . . Williams . . J.R.Smith> . . . . 9930 
 MT ORO NK wile te he. ss Kearny! . ok aw 2 1801 
 BOMEEISORYs Wisco. 6 i). Allene ace. 288-86 
 Seneca Falls, N. Y. DED so a ok hy eek « ARM Oe oe Bie RD 
 mentry-box, Ihe . .). .°. Leslie . . . Danforth... . .-. 460 
 sergeant, John. . . . . . Robinson . . Kelly... .. . . 169 
 Dees. yee. 6 ees wrua ~ Tucker’. ... . . . 9819 
 Senet twnesy ane . sl. . Smirke ..:\. Leney . . . . . . 1907 
 IER re Ge Sc lier es « Bligh cosisow ane ie a QTE 
 MUON Pc. tl we tw Pelton. 6 6 as b> cc. 9519 
 Sewall, Joseph . . Raich OU Me, os AIMEE hn Geet ge LOTG 
 Smibert . . Pelham... . . . 2473 
 meewall,Samuel. ... . . Hmmons .. Pelton ...... . 2518 
 Dee OMe etatre sr. 5) 6 wes WD. Smith 1a)... 2904 
 Guemepere, William . <3... . seca « Boyd... . 2.4. 962-68 
 Sin phe sn» AOSOR 4.” «aati Pao ate BOE 
 
 Zoust . . . Hdwin ... . . 869-70 
 
 Chandos . . Field . . «2s. « 1002 
 
 wee «: Gimbrede, .. afin 1001 
 
 » ridley oe hi ate LICE 
 
 SA eevee. « FATE a etek et ce 
 
 Chandos .. Kelly. ..... . 16% 
 
 eee iss. LOWEON.. <6; -s hts KOBE 
 
 - Longacre .. . 2139-40 
 
 . EH. Maverick . . . . 2449 
 
 . M. A. Maverick « . . 2180 
 
 eye « Pru@honme susiye-. 2609 
 
 Sharp,John. .. .. . . Schwandfelder Hoogland ... . . 1433 
 Mereel es ee ee. ww wes Anning Smith ... 101 
 Pee eeene sy. oe wl. Jouttt ... . Durand ... . ws! «| 649 
 RIOT TTAPD OL: debate cee we tl Hines «wee oe ow BQIS 
 Beebe raeninOUse 0%). °. 5... ... Tiebout. . . . . . $930 
 CCI ALGST Guise. 5 sw sks Mein fw we ew fe BUI 
 Sherbrooke,John Cope... Field .. . Field. .... =. . 1008 
 Sherburne, Nantucket .. . Sanson... Tanner... .. . 8139 
 Seernien, oper... 43-4). Harle . . . Jocelyn .« . wo. «1688 
 . PGF ieiaret ie, « kOUO8 gd ie ave a 2080 
 
 Meee eRICMrG Dy St Sh. ce. Hdwin 2 ww ole BP 
 eos pe wre « PruPhomme sis 40142619 
 
 I AS yi. 6 eee te we Loney oo. o  witets 1849 
 Shippen, Edward... . . Stuart... Hdwin ...... 8738 
 Soltabe atales.< 220 TMEM new es he ty en kLBE 
 
 Shippen, Joseph . ......... + LeMete ..... . 1708 
 
ITEM 
 Shippen, William, Jr. 
 Ship’s Papers : 
 Shirley, Sir William . 
 Shore, Jane . 
 Shubrick, John T. . 
 Sibley, HE... . 3 
 Siddons, aa, Kenble ; 
 
 Signers of the Declaration . 
 
 Sigourney, Lydia H. . 
 Simpson, David é 
 Sismondi, J.C. L.S.de . 
 Skeensborough, N. Y. 
 Skinner, Thomas H. . 
 Slater, Samuel . 
 Slave-Ship, The 
 
 Slop and Shandy 
 
 Smith, Augustus W. . 
 Smith, Elias . 
 
 Smith, Elihu H. 
 
 Smith, Elizabeth 
 
 Smith, Isaac . 
 
 Smith, James 
 
 Smith, John . ; 
 Smith, John Blair . 
 Smith, Nathan . E 
 Smith, Samuel Stanhope 
 Smith, William 5 
 
 Smith, Mrs. . 
 Smollett, Tobias 
 
 Snowden—Wales . 
 Snyder, Simon . 
 
 Solitude, Pa. 
 Solomon Creek, Pa. 
 Soule, Joshua 
 Soult, N.J.deD. . 
 
 Spalding, George Ludwig . 
 
 INDEX 
 
 ARTIST 
 Stuart 
 
 Smibert 
 Pate . 
 DeWilde 
 Hamilton . 
 Reynolds . 
 
 (Title-page) . 
 
 Sully 
 Lincoln 
 Williams 
 
 Barker . 
 
 Morse 
 Lawrence . 
 Stuart 
 Stuart 
 
 Sully 
 Woolley 
 Birch 
 
 Paradise 
 
 378 
 
 CHECK LIST 
 
 ENGRAVER NUMBERS 
 . Haines . 1214 
 . Savage . 2763 
 . Pelham ~ QAT4 
 . Pru@homme . 2610 
 . Gimbrede . 1092 
 . Leney . 1850 
 . Edwin Sone 
 . Leney 1851-53 
 
 Leney . 1852 
 . Longacre . 2090 
 
 Longacre . 2149 
 . Dodson . 507 
 . Ellis 1 O72 
 . Pru@homme . 2611 
 . Hewitt . 1321 
 - Goodman & Piggot 1153 
 . Steel . . . 3016 
 . Ralph . 2633 
 . Haines . 1222 
 
 Willard . . 3389 
 
 Williams . 3364 
 
 Leney . 1854 
 . Leney . 1855 
 . Edwin . 875 
 . Yeager . 3426 
 - G.G. Smith . 2904 
 . Edwin . 876 
 . Jocelyn . : . . 1554 
 : Goodman & Piggot . . L154 
 
 Edwin . . 8i7 
 . Savage . 2751 
 . Dodson 507 
 . Boyd . - 264 
 . Longacre . 2091 
 . Phillips . . 2541 
 . Seymour . 2877 
 . Leney . 1895 
 . Edwin . 878 
 
 Tiebout . 3190 
 : Birch. . . 206 
 
 Yeager 3435-36 
 . Paradise . 650 
 . Rollinson . 2720 
 . Tanner & Co. . 3113 
 . Hill . 1372 
 
ITEM 
 
 Spaniards at Carthagena 
 
 Spanish Inn, The 
 Spencer, Mrs. E. 
 Spencer, H. E. . 
 Spencer, O.M. . 
 Spencer, Thomas . 
 
 Spener, Philip James 
 Spirit Creek, Ga. 
 Spinning Machine . 
 
 Sprague, William B. . 
 
 Spring, Gardner 
 Sproat, James . 
 Staél, Madame de . 
 Staffa . , 
 Stag and Hound 
 
 Stamp Act Repealed . 
 
 Stanford, John . 
 
 Stanislaus, Augustus 
 Stanley, Mrs. 
 Stanton, E.M. . 
 Stark, John . — 
 State Guards, Pa. . 
 
 Staughton, William . 
 
 Stead, Henry . 
 
 Steamer Experiment . 
 
 Steele, Sir Richard 
 
 Stennett, Samuel 
 
 Stephen before the Council 
 
 Sterne, Laurence 
 
 Steuben’s Regulations 
 
 Stewart, Charles 
 Stewart, Mrs. 
 Stiles, Ezra . 
 
 INDEX 
 
 ARTIST 
 
 Hervieu 
 Hervieu 
 Longacre . 
 
 Scott 
 Shaw 
 
 Morse 
 
 Clay . 
 Inman . 
 Franks . 
 
 Rider 
 Wood 
 Eckstein 
 Peale 
 Peale 
 Paradise 
 
 Richardson 
 
 Reynolds . 
 Wood 
 Ingham 
 
 379 
 
 ENGRAVER 
 
 . Revere 
 
 Tanner 
 
 . Longacre 
 . Longacre 
 . Longacre 
 
 Hdwin 
 
 . Haines 
 
 . Longacre 
 . Longacre 
 . Hill 
 
 Tully . 
 
 . Durand . 
 . Durand . 
 
 Edwin 
 
 . Jocelyn-Munson . 
 
 Tanner 
 
 . Longacre 
 . Revere 
 . Main . 
 
 Tiebout . 
 
 . Leney 
 . Snyder 
 . Pelton ee 
 . GG. Smith. 
 . Nesmith . 
 . Bowen 
 
 Eckstein 
 
 . Hdwin 
 
 . G.G. Smith 
 . Paradise 
 . Hamlin . 
 . Haines 
 
 . Hamm 
 
 . Leney 
 
 . Woodruff 
 PR UOMerae 
 . Hill 
 
 . Longacre 
 . Norman . 
 . Tanner 
 
 . Poupard 
 . Goodman 
 . Paradise 
 . Doolittle 
 . Hdwin 
 
 CHECK LIST 
 NUMBERS 
 
 . 2686 
 . 3140 
 . 2093 
 . 2094 
 . 2095 
 899 
 . 1215 
 . 2096 
 . 2092 
 . 1343 
 . 3328 
 
 651 
 
 652 
 . 960 
 . 1555 
 . 3141 
 . 2146 
 . 2695 
 . 2163 
 . 3191 
 . 1856 
 . 2993 
 . 2521 
 . 2905 
 . 2325 
 
 Q17 
 
 686 
 . 880 
 . 2906 
 . 2408 
 . 1248 
 . 1216 
 . 1258 
 . 1857 
 . 3404 
 . 1016 
 . 1371 
 . 2097 
 . 2344 
 . 3101 
 . 2555 
 . 1122 
 . 2409 
 
 516 
 
 881 
 
ITEM 
 
 Stiles, Ezra . 
 Stillman, Samuel 
 
 St eee ge PAM cam 
 
 Stollenwerck’s Panorama . 
 
 Stone, Thomas . 
 Strahan, William . 
 Strong, Caleb 
 
 Strong, Nathan . : 
 Stuart, Charles Gilbert . 
 
 Sullivan, James 
 Summer 
 Summerfield, J tee 
 
 Sunday School Soc., Phila. 
 
 Susquehanna River 
 Sutton, Amos 
 Suwarow, Alexander . 
 Swaim, William 
 Swartz, C. F. : 
 Sweeds Ford, Pa. . 
 Swift, Jonathan 
 
 Swords, Mr. . 
 Sydenham, Thomas 
 Sydney, Algernon . 
 
 Taawattaa 
 
 Talma, Francois I. 
 Tammany, King 
 Tammany Society, N. Y. 
 Tanjore Pagoda 
 
 Tasso, Torquato 
 Taylor, James B. 
 Taylor, N. W. 
 
 Temple, Earl 
 
 Temple, Charlotte . 
 
 Temple, William 
 Templeof Pluto . 
 Ten Broeck, Dirck . . 
 
 INDEX 
 
 ARTIST ENGRAVER 
 GP emstce . Hil sae 
 Doyle - Annin & Smith 
 Doyle - Leney .. 
 Johnson . . Snyder 
 Porter . . Strickland . 
 ae . Simonne 
 
 Pine . . Ellis 
 Dhawan Leney 
 Coles . Edwin 
 Stuart . Longacre 
 TERE. . Norman . 
 Doyle - JR. Smith 
 Stewart . Pelton 
 Goodrich . Durand . 
 Neagle . . Edwin 
 Rowe? iiss . Fox 
 Pocock . . Birch . 
 Waldo & Jewett Durand . 
 (Certificate) . Smither 
 Morton. Strickland . 
 James . Pelton 
 eis hate . Clarke. 
 Inman . . Durand . 
 Smart . Pelton 
 
 . Hewitt 
 
 . DLeney 
 
 . Longacre 
 
 . DLeney 
 
 . Jones . 
 
 . Scoles 
 Porter . . Strickland . 
 
 . Jocelyn-Munson . 
 . Eckstein 
 
 (Certificate) . 
 
 Graham . 
 
 . Scoles 
 
 Hooker . 
 
 Waldo &I moat Jocelyn . 
 
 Jocelyn 
 
 . Jocelyn . 
 . Haines 
 
 . Osborn 
 
 Tiebout 
 
 i Gimbrede 
 . Harrison 
 . Gridley. 0s 
 
 380 
 
 CHECK LIST 
 NUMBERS 
 
 . 1380 
 
 102 
 . 1858 
 . 2994 
 . 3074 
 . 2901 
 
 973 
 . 1859 
 . 882 
 , 2098 
 . 9845 
 . 2931 
 . 2522 
 
 653 
 . 883 
 . 1015 
 
 158 
 . 654 
 . 2988 
 . 3064 
 . 2593 
 
 407 
 . 655 
 . 2524 
 . 1399 
 . 1860 
 . 1980 
 . 1861 
 . 1525 
 . 2821 
 
 . 3075 
 . 1556 
 » 1689 
 . 1171 
 . 2849 
 . 1446 
 . 1557 
 . 1558 
 - RRL 
 
ITEM 
 Tennent, Gilbert 
 Thacher, Peter . 
 Thacher, William . 
 
 Theatre of War in N. A.. 
 
 Theatrical Costumes . 
 Thomas, Isaiah. . 
 
 Thomson, A. . 
 Thomson, James .. 
 
 Thomson, John . 
 Thomson, Samuel . 
 Thomson’s Seasons 
 Thorburn, Grant . 
 Thornton, Bonnell 
 Thresher, G. . Nib 
 Thunder Storm, The . 
 Thurston, Gardner 
 Tickell, Thomas . 
 Tighe, Mrs. . . 
 Tilghman, William 
 
 Tompkins, Daniel D. . 
 Tone, Theobald Wolfe 
 Tooke, John Horne 
 
 Tomb of the Scipios . 
 Torrey, Jesse, Jr. . 
 Tousard, A. Louis 
 
 Town and Country Builder 
 
 Tower of Horns 
 Tree, Ellen . 
 
 Trenck, Baron Frederick 
 
 Trenton Arch 
 Trenton Bridge 
 Triumph of Liberty . 
 roy, 0. Ys. 
 
 Transylvania University 
 
 Truair, John .. 
 Trumbull, Benjamin . 
 Trumbull, Jonathan . 
 
 CHECK LIST 
 
 ARTIST ENGRAVER NUMBERS 
 
 . Edwin . 884 
 
 : . . Harris . 1272 
 Paradise - Paradise . - 2410 
 - Norman . - 2367 
 
 Rieu ghd . Clay . 395 
 Doyle . Jones . . 1526 
 Williams - JR. Smith - 2932 
 . Longacre . 2138 
 
 . Haines . 1218 
 
 . Longacre - 2136 
 
 . Norman . . 2346 
 
 - Prudhomme . 2612 
 
 . Woodruff - 3405 
 
 ‘ . Danforth & Co. ~ 455 
 Williams Williams . 3365 
 (Title-page) . Roberts . - 2704 
 Aviat oie ae Yeager . 3427 
 EP er ae . Haines . 1219 
 Crawley . Leney . 1862 
 snes Sires . Revere . 2697 
 erent . Reed . . 2654 
 Kneller . Leney . 1863 
 Comerford . Boyd. 265 
 Bridport . Bridport 278 
 © 0 0 « « » Campbell 21g299 
 Sully .. . Jones - 1527 - 
 atari ts 0 he OTTAEOR . 1289 
 . Haines . 1220 
 
 . Johnston . 1495 
 
 Wright-Bale . 3414 
 
 vee, Tanner . . 3142 
 Peale ‘ Goodman § Piggot . . 1155 
 Malbone . Edwin . . 886 
 . Norman . - 2367 
 
 . Shallus . 2898 
 
 . Johnsion . 1496 
 
 . Bill . : . 1381 
 
 ae ee . Trenchard . . 3300 
 Barralet . Murray . 2294 
 hee . Verger : . 3344 
 Wall . JR. Smith . 2938 
 Jouett . Gridley . 1186 
 Jocelyn . Jocelyn . . 1559 
 Munger . . Jocelyn . . 1560 
 Doolittle S17 
 
 381 
 
ITEM 
 Trumbull, Jonathan . 
 Trumbull, Col. John . 
 Trumbull, John (Poet) . 
 
 Truxton, Thomas . 
 
 Tupper, Martin F, 
 Twaits, Mr. 
 Tyerman, Daniel 
 Tyler, John . 
 Tynwald Hill 
 
 Typee God 
 Tyson, Elisha 
 
 Ullwater, England 
 
 Ulmus, New Species of . 
 United States, Arms of . 
 United States Capitol, 1814 
 United States and England 
 United States, Frigate 
 
 United States and Macedonian 
 
 Universal Magazine . 
 Unknown Boy . 
 Unknown Man . 
 
 Unknown Woman 
 Upper Ferry Bridge, Pa. 
 
 Urania i 
 Urquhart, John 
 
 Van Buren, Martin 
 
 Van Rensselaer, Stephen 
 Valentine, The . 
 
 Valley Forge, Pa. . : 
 Van-ta-gin . . « 6 2 6 « 
 Various Headlands 
 
 Vaucluse Fountain 
 
 INDEX 
 
 CHECK LIST 
 
 ARTIST ENGRAVER NUMBERS 
 Trumbull . . Pelton . 2525 
 Waldo& Jewett Durand . .... . 656 
 Trumbull . . Durand-Maverick 657, 2229 
 Tisdale . 3256 
 
 pet ie tak . Anderson 63 
 (Medal) - Edwin . 886 
 (Medal) . Lawson . . 1687 
 Robertson Tiebout . - 3193 
 . Kelly . . 1625 
 
 . J.R. Smith . 2933 
 
 . Pelton . 2526 
 
 . Dearborn ~ ATS 
 
 . Harrison . 1304 
 
 Sas . Strickland . . 3076 
 Street . Cone 423 
 gees . Leney . 1896 
 Thomas . Doolittle a fs 
 tonsa . Trenchard . 3281-82 
 Ryder . Lawson . . 1699 
 (Caricature) . Akin . 28 
 PER TS tt . Clarke - 413 
 Birch . Seymour . 2879 
 Birch - Tanner . 3143 
 (Title-page) . Harrison . 1305 
 + 49 oe ja 8 pe ee 2142-43 
 Liibber . - Gimbrede . 1105 
 Sreeiome a . 1880 
 Weinedel . . Longacre . 2141 
 Wightman .. Prudhomme . 2620 
 se nes aie” Pehenmse . 2450 
 Birch . Plocher . . 2549 
 Strickland . Plocher . . 2547 
 (Music-book) Dawkins . ATO 
 é ge ca ok jy Ss ee . 1626 
 Inman . Chapin . 306 
 Longacre . . Longacre . 2099 
 Sa aaa . W.D. Smith . 2965 
 Dickinson . Durand . . 658 
 Allston . . Longacre . 2145 
 Strickland Tiebout . . 3233 
 . Radcliffe . 2630 
 
 . Leney . 1897 
 
 . Seymour . 2888 
 
 382 
 
ITEM 
 Vaughan, John . 
 
 Versailles Insurrection . 
 Victuallers’ Procession . 
 Vinton, Robert S. . 
 
 Virgin Mary 
 Virgin and Child 
 Virginia . . 
 Virginia Coast . 
 
 Virtue Dispelling aah : 
 
 Voisin, Mr. 
 Volney, C. F. 
 
 Voltaire, F. M.A. . 
 
 Walker, John 
 
 Walker, Thomas A. 
 
 Wallis, Miss . 
 Waln, Nicholas - 
 War Canoe 
 
 War Club, ete. . 
 Ward, Artemus 
 Ware, Thomas . 
 Warner, Hiram 
 
 Warren, Anna Brunton . 
 
 Warren, Joseph 
 
 Warren, Jos., Deathof . 
 Warren, William . 
 
 Warrington, Lewis 
 
 Washing Day, The 
 Washington, Bushrod 
 
 Washington, George . 
 
 INDEX 
 
 ARTIST 
 
 Sully . 
 Bridport 
 Krimmel 
 
 Raphael 
 
 (Map) . 
 (Map) . 
 
 De la Tour 
 
 DeWiilde 
 Porter . 
 Conarroe 
 Peale 
 Peale 
 
 Brougham 
 
 Sully 
 Neagle . 
 Jarvis 
 
 (Caricature) . 
 . Longacre 
 . Longacre 
 . Neagle ; 
 Akin & Harrison 
 
 Harding 
 
 Wood 
 
 383 
 
 ENGRAVER 
 
 . Steel 
 . Nesmith . 
 
 Yeager 
 
 . Piggot 
 . Pekenino 
 
 Edwin 
 
 . Aitken 
 
 - Lawson . 
 . Smither . 
 . Hill 
 
 . Maverick 
 . Scoles 
 
 . Gimbrede 
 . Aill 
 
 . Maverick 
 . Norman . 
 
 . Anderson 
 
 . Edwin 
 
 . Kelly . 
 
 . Longacre 
 
 . Prudhomme 
 . Leney 
 
 Edwin 
 
 . Strickland . 
 
 . Strickland . 
 
 . Schoff-Kelly. . 
 . Longacre 
 
 . Prudhomme 
 
 . Edwin 
 
 . Edwin 
 
 . Gimbrede 
 
 Harris 
 
 . Kelly . 
 . Norman . 
 
 Okey . 
 
 . Norman . 
 . Edwin 
 . Longacre 
 
 Gimbrede 
 Clay 
 
 Barralet 
 
 CHECK LIST 
 NUMBERS 
 
 . 3017 
 . 2322 
 . 3438 
 . 2544 
 . 2459 
 
 923 
 ome a 
 . 1700 
 . 2989 
 . 1373 
 . 2260 
 . 2807 
 . 1094 
 . 1373 
 . 2261 
 . WAT 
 
 69 
 
 . 887 
 . 1627 
 . 2100 
 . 2613 
 . 1864 
 . 888 
 . 3077 
 . 3078 
 . 1628 
 . 2101 
 . 2614 
 889 
 
 Remy (| 
 . 1095 
 . 1273 
 . 1629 
 9348- 49 
 . 2373 
 . 2364 
 . 890 
 . 2102 
 . 1096 
 . 394 
 . 2103 
 . 2104 
 . 2312 
 22 
 118 
 
ITEM 
 
 Washington, George . 
 
 INDEX 
 
 ARTIST 
 
 Stuart .. 
 
 Houdon 
 Stuart . 
 
 Trumbull . 
 
 Weir 
 Eckstein 
 Bartok . 
 Peale 
 
 Stuart . 
 Trott 
 
 Robertson 
 
 Bartoli . 
 Stuart . 
 Trott 
 
 Stuart . 
 Savage . 
 Houdon 
 Stuart . 
 
 Barralet 
 Stuart . 
 Stuart . 
 Fairman 
 
 Stuart . 
 Stuart . 
 
 384 
 
 CHECK LIST 
 
 ENGRAVER NUMBERS 
 
 . Bower 235 
 - Brunton . 282 
 . Callender Sth er BSF 
 . Chapin . 307-09 
 Charles 312 
 Chorley . <1 See 
 
 . Clarke . 408-10 
 . Danforth & Co. . . 456 
 . Doolittle ~. . 619-21 
 . Durand . GO 
 . Durand . . 661-62 
 . Durand . 659 
 . Durand . 663 
 . Eckstein 687 
 . Edwin 905 
 . Hdwin . . 908 
 . Edwin . 892, 901 
 . Edwin-Murray 855 
 . Fairman . 995 
 . Fairman . 994 
 . Field . . . 1004 
 . Field . . 1005 
 . Folwell . 1007 
 . Galland . . 1024 
 . Gimbrede . 1097 
 . Gimbrede. . 1098-1100 
 - Gobrecht - 1115 
 . Gobrecht 1116-17 
 - Goodman . 1193 
 . Goodman & Piggot . . 1156 
 . Gridley . 1184 
 . Hamlin . 1236, 1238-41 
 . Hamlin . . 1937 
 . O.P. Harrison 1282-83 
 . R. Harrison . 1806 
 . R.G. Harrison . 1811-18 
 . W. Harrison 1291-92 
 . S. Hill me | 
 . Houston 1465-67 
 - Houston . 1464 
 . Jocelyn . . 1561 
 . Johnston . 1497 
 . Kearny . 1571 
 Kelly . 1630-31 
 
 . Kennedy - » 1637 
 
ITEM 
 
 Washington, George . 
 
 INDEX 
 
 ARTIST 
 Barralet 
 Birch 
 Houdon 
 Stuart . 
 Stuart . 
 Trott 
 Wright 
 Stuart . 
 Wright . 
 Stuart . 
 Blyth 
 Stuart . 
 Peale . 
 Stuart . 
 Stuart . 
 Peale 
 Stuart . 
 Stuart . 
 Cerrachi 
 Stuart . 
 Stuart . 
 Stuart . 
 Robertson . 
 Savage . 
 Wright . 
 Savage . 
 Stuart . 
 Savage . 
 Stuart . 
 Tisdale . 
 Wright . 
 Peale 
 Savage - 
 Stuart . 
 Fullerton . 
 Stuart . 
 Stuart . 
 Stuart . 
 
 385 
 
 CHECK LIST 
 
 ENGRAVER NUMBERS 
 . Kneass 1655-57 
 . Lawson . 1688-89 
 . Lawson . . 1690 
 . Leney . 1666 
 . Leney . 1869 
 . Leney 1865, 1867-68 
 . Longacre 2106-10 
 . Longacre . 2105 
 . Manly . 271 
 . Maverick 2230-31 
 . Maverick . 2232 
 . Murray . 2286 
 . Neagle . 2313 
 . Nesmith 9319-20 
 . Norman . . 2351 
 . Norman . . 2354 
 . Norman 2350, 2352-53, 2355 
 . Paradise . 2411 
 . Paradise . 2412 
 . Peabody . 2419 
 . Peale . 2427-29 
 . Pekenino . 2453 
 . Pelton . 2527, 2531 
 . Perkins . . 2539 
 . Pru@homme . 2615 
 . PruvVhomme . 2616 
 . Rawdon . . 2637 
 . Reed . 2655-56 
 . Roberts . . 2701 
 . Rollinson . 2719 
 . Rollinson . 2718 
 . Rollinson . 217 
 . Savage 2752-53 
 . Savage . 2755 
 . Scoles . 2809 
 . Scoles 9810-11 
 . Scoles . « 2812 
 . Scoles . . 2808 
 . Scot . 2863 
 . Seymour . 2878 
 . Shallus . 2894 
 . G.G. Smith . 2907 
 . G.G. Smith . 2908 
 . J.B. Smith . 2934 
 | W.D. Smith , 2966 
 
ITEM 
 
 Washington, George . 
 
 Washington Family . 
 Washington Memorial 
 Washington, Martha . 
 
 Washington, D. C. 
 
 Washington, Capitol . 
 
 INDEX 
 
 ARTIST 
 
 Dickinson . 
 Stuart . 
 Stuart . 
 Savage . 
 Stuart . 
 Bruaton 
 Stuart . 
 Stuart . 
 Robertson . 
 Wright . 
 Peale 
 
 Trumbull . 
 Stuart . 
 Stuart . 
 Trott. 
 Wright . 
 Stuart . 
 Savage . 
 Stutson 
 Robertson. 
 Blyth 
 Cooke 
 (Plan) . 
 (Plan) . 
 (Plan) . 
 Birch 
 Bulfinch 
 Rider 
 Doughty 
 Bulfinch 
 
 Washington, President’s House Catlin 
 Washington, Indian Queen Hotel . 
 Washington Crossing Delaware Sully 
 Washington Funeral Procession . 
 
 Washington’s Grave . 
 Washington Grays 
 
 Washington’s Headquarters . 
 
 Washington Rock . 
 Wasp and Frolic, Battle 
 
 Shaw 
 Fairman 
 Albright 
 
 Claxton 
 Birch 
 386 
 
 CHECK LIST 
 
 ENGRAVER NUMBERS 
 
 . Steel . 3018 
 . Steel . . 3019 
 . Strickland . . 3052 
 Tanner «on LOS 
 
 . Tanner 3102-04, 3106 
 Tanner . 3107 
 Tiebout . . 3196 
 
 . Tiebout . 3194-95 
 .) Diller . 3241, 3247 
 . Tisdale . 3257 
 Todd . . 3271 
 Trenchard . . 3276 
 Trenchard . . . .3277-%8 
 Tucker . 3314 
 Tucker . 8315 
 Wightman . . » 3358 
 Willard . 3390-92 
 
 . Woodruff 3406-07 
 . O10. Wright a2 . . 3415 
 . J. Wright «is oo 
 Yeager 3428-29 
 
 . Savage . 2754 
 . Hill . 1360 
 . Longacre . 2111 
 . Norman . . 2356 
 . Peale . . 2430 
 . Bennett . . 149 
 . Hill . 1414 
 . Rollinson ~ « « BIQ4 
 Thackara & Vallance . 3153 
 
 . Birch . 5 ine teas 190 
 . Childs . 879 
 . Lawson . . 1699 
 . Steel . 3038 
 . Stone . 3042-43 
 . Frederick . 1019 
 . Kearny . 1575 
 . Lang . 1672 
 . Birch . - 1387 
 . Hill . 1343 
 . Childs . 380 
 . Steel . 3036 
 - Murray . . 2295 
 . Kearny . . 1581 
 . Seymour . 2880 
 
ITEM 
 
 Waterhouse, Benjamin . 
 
 Waters, Abigail 
 Water Gap, Pa. 
 Watkins, John . 
 Watson, Elkanah . 
 Watson, R. 
 
 Watts, Isaac . 
 
 Watts, James 
 - Waugh, Beverly 
 Wayne, Anthony . 
 
 Weaders, Michel 
 
 Wear Bridge, England . 
 
 Webb, Thomas S. . 
 Webster, Daniel 
 
 Webster, Noah . 
 
 Weehawken, N. J. . 
 
 Wellington, Duke of 
 
 Wells, Joshua 
 Wells, Mrs... . 
 
 INDEX 
 
 ARTIST 
 
 ENGRAVER 
 
 . «Harris 
 
 Johnson-Doyle Annin 
 
 Birch 
 
 cy ° e ° 
 Wilson . 
 
 Pine . 
 Peale 
 Elouis 
 
 Trumbull . 
 Savage . 
 Penniman . 
 Staigg . 
 Morse 
 Bennett 
 
 Neilson . 
 
 Darley, 
 DeWilde 
 387 
 
 . Strickland . 
 . Leney 
 
 . Paradise 
 
 . Longacre 
 
 Tucker 
 Childs 
 Cone 
 
 . Hamlin . 
 . Hill 
 . Ncoles 
 
 Turner 
 
 . Pelton 
 . Prudhomme 
 - Hdwin 
 
 Graham . 
 
 . Harris 
 
 . Norman . 
 
 . Pru@homme 
 . Savage 
 
 Tanner 
 Warner . 
 Thackara 
 Clarke 
 Tanner 
 
 . Annin & Smith 
 
 . Annin : 
 . Dearborn 
 . Dodson-Cheney 
 dire. o-4. . Durand:. 
 Frothingham . 
 . Longacre . 
 
 Hoogland 
 
 . Longacre 
 . Durand . 
 
 Willard . 
 
 . Bennett . 
 - Durand . 
 . Ellis 
 
 . Boyd . 
 
 Gimbrede 
 
 . Goodman 
 . Rollinson 
 
 Willard . 
 
 . Paradise 
 . Leney 
 
 CHECK LIST 
 NUMBERS 
 
 . 1274 
 
 ats 81 
 
 . 3066 
 
 . 1870 
 
 . WIZ 
 
 . 2138 
 
 . 3313 
 349 
 
 . 444 
 
 . 1242 
 
 . 1386 
 
 . 2814 
 
 . 3329 
 
 . 2532 
 
 . . 2617 
 . 701, 909 
 . 1169 
 
 . 1275 
 
 . 2357 
 
 . 9618 
 
 . 2756 
 
 . 3108 
 
 . 3349 
 
 . 3148 
 
 . 416 
 3144 
 
 . 103 
 82 
 
 46 
 
 . 502 
 576 II 
 
 . 1434 
 9119-14 
 . 664 
 
 . 3393 
 150 
 
 677 
 
 979 
 
 . 266 
 
 . 1101 
 
 . 1194 
 
 . 2722 
 
 . 3394 
 
 . . 9414 
 1871-72 
 
INDEX 
 
 ITEM ARTIST ENGRAVER 
 Welsh Society, Phila. (Certificate) . Barralet . 
 Welsteed, William Copley . . Copley 
 ‘Wemyss, Mr... | Snes, Neagle . . Longacre 
 Wentworth, Wilbrahim . pmclip Revere 
 Wernwag Bridges his . Gridley 
 Wesley, Charles ..3 925%... - Danforth 
 Wiesley, John. .<.) 20m). . Bowen 
 
 . Durand . 
 emiierues . Graham . 
 Jackson . Longacre 
 es a sete Rk . Longacre 
 Jackson . Munson . 
 . Paradise 
 . Pekenino 
 . Poupard 
 . Scoles 
 . Snyder 
 West, Benjamin . Hdwin 
 Durand . 
 Pate . Longacre 
 West, Benjamin,Jr.. . . . West Tiebout . 
 West, Raphael . . . . . . West . Tiebout . 
 West Point, N. Y. « siwov® . Cooke . Bennett . 
 Livingston Tiebout . 
 West Point Academy .. . Catlin . Hill 
 West Point Monument . . . Shaw . Hill 
 West Rock, Conn. . Fraser . Childs 
 Western Expedition . Sieiiey. star - Graham . 
 Wharton, Escape of Capt. Hoppin . Pru@homme 
 Wheelock, Eleazar .. . . Steward - (euOeds.. 
 White, Elizabeth Eky omesumkagers . Hill 
 White, Henry Kirke . Barber . - Annin . 
 Barber . . Boyd . 
 be . Pelton 
 . Scoles 
 White, Mr. William ¥ acai . Leney . 
 White, Rev. William . Inman . . Dodson . 
 Stuart . . Edwin 
 Otis . . Otis 
 Sully. . Pekenino 
 Stuart . . Tiebout . 
 White, William Charles ...... . Hiil 
 White Mountains, N. H. . Kidder . . Bowen 
 White Plains Battle . (Plan) . - Martin 
 Whitefield, George wibikp sie . Bowen 
 
 388 
 
 CHECK LIST 
 NUMBERS 
 
 120 
 e 44,0 
 . 2115 
 
 - 665 
 
 - 1170 
 2116-19 
 - 2120 
 
 - 2282 
 
 .. « G415 
 » 2454 
 
 - 2552 
 
 - 2815 
 
 - 2995 
 910 
 
 - 666 
 
 - 2121 
 «ia lO8 
 - . 3198 
 - Jbl 
 
 . 3235 
 
 . 1354 
 
 . 1343 
 
 - « 381 
 1173-74 
 . 2621 
 
 . 2657 
 
 . 1383 
 
ITEM 
 Whitefield, George . 
 
 Whitney, Eli 
 Wickliffe, John 
 Wignell,Mr. ... 
 Wignell, Anne Brunton 
 Wilberforce, William 
 Wilbur, Hervey 
 Wilkes, Charles. 
 Willett, Marinus 
 
 William I—England . 
 
 William IV—England . 
 
 Williams, Jonathan 
 
 Williams, John. . 
 Williams, John C. . 
 Williams, Otho H. . 
 Williams, Roger 
 Williams, Stephen 
 Williamson, Hugh 
 Wilmington, Del. . 
 Wilson, Alexander 
 
 Wilson, James . 
 
 Wilson, James P. . 
 
 Wilson, Mr. . . ; 
 Winchell, James M. . 
 Winchester, ElInathan 
 Winder, William H. . 
 
 Windermere, England . 
 
 Winnipiseogee Lake . 
 Winthrop, John 
 
 Winterbotham, William 
 
 Wirt, William 
 
 Wissahickon Creek . 
 
 389 
 
 ARTIST ENGRAVER 
 . Boyd . 
 . . Edwin 
 - Gallaudet 
 ears - Snyder 
 King - Hoogland 
 : . . Snyder .. 
 pine ages op - Dunlap 
 Dunlap - Edwin . 
 Cruikshank . Murray . 
 Cruikshank . Tanner 
 Metcalf - Durand . 
 Sully - Dodson . 
 es - Gimbrede 
 - Leney . 
 aE ae | - Pru@homme 
 - Sully - Dodson . 
 Reese . Gimbrede 
 - Cone . 
 peietion . LeMet 
 Peale . Longacre 
 . Longacre 
 st yaes) ho ay Allen. 
 Trumbull . . Durand . 
 Trenchard . 
 a . Barralet . 
 Peale . Edwin 
 . . Edwin . 
 Shee . Longacre 
 Wood . Boyd . 
 . DeWilde . Leney os 
 . Doyle . Annin & Smith 
 ‘ae . Snyder . 
 Wood . Cone . 
 Loutherbourg Birch . 
 Cole . - Durand . 
 Penniman . Chorley . 
 . Doolittle 
 . Harris 
 . Pelion 
 . Scoles 
 . Tanner 
 tis ta ba ee 
 Longacre . . Longacre 
 Edwin . . Maverick 
 Shaw . Hill 
 
 CHECK LIST 
 NUMBERS 
 
 - 6 .! 268 
 . 912, 961 
 - » 1025 
 - 2995 
 - 1435 
 - 2995 
 550 
 
 . 918 
 - 2287 
 - 3109 
 667 
 
 . 504 
 - 1103 
 . 1874 
 - 2619 
 . 503 
 . 1102 
 - 425 
 - 1704 
 - 2122 
 . 1981 
 40 
 
 - 668 
 . 3301 
 119 
 914 
 
 ~~ 915 
 » 2123 
 . 269 
 . 1876 
 . 104 
 . 2995 
 426 
 157 
 678 
 389 
 
 . 518 
 . 1276 
 . 2534 
 . 2817 
 . 3110 
 916 
 2194-25 
 - 2233 
 . 1343 
 
ITEM 
 Wistar, Caspar . 
 
 Withero, Capt. . 
 Witherspoon, John 
 
 Wolcott, John 
 
 Wolcott, Oliver . 
 
 Wolfe, Charles . 
 Woman in Boat 
 Wood, James 
 Wood, Juliana W. 
 Wood, William B. . 
 
 Woodbury, Levi 
 Woodhull, John 
 Woodlands, Pa. 
 
 Woodworth, Samuel . 
 
 Woolsey, Elijah 
 Wooster, David 
 Worcester, Samuel 
 
 Woodsworth, William 
 
 Wright, Sir Samson . 
 Wright’s Ferry, Pa. . 
 
 Wroughton, Mr. 
 Wylie, Samuel B. . 
 Wythe, George . 
 
 Yale College, Conn. 
 
 Yellow Springs, Pa. . 
 
 York, Canada 
 York, Attack on 
 York Island . 
 Yorktown, Va. . 
 Yorktown, Siege of 
 
 - Bridport 
 
 INDEX 
 
 CHECK LIST 
 ARTIST ENGRAVER NUMBERS 
 Otis . - Goodman & Piggot 1157-58 
 Haines . » Haines... 2 ee eee 
 Haines . « JONES .°. 0 San eee 
 Otis . . Longacre... . .« 2196 
 Otis . « Neagle: « 2°) yameereoee 
 DeWilde . Leney +) . eee 
 as . hdwin' (oc See 
 Peale . Longacre 9. vw) 4 SIRT 
 Peale . Pelton il. aes 
 © Hh er ee eee 
 ae .. Leney’. . San aay 
 Sully « Durand . . ote peeewee 
 ees . Longacre ssa aaa 
 Sola ahs . Sanford 10.) 5 -« nee 
 Russell Willard... «6 eS 
 (Frontispiece) Edwin... . . . 932 
 8 0 8 oe oe CORR Rs ie ene 
 Peale . Edwin. . 2 eek Sees 
 Sully . Edwin: 's eae. 
 Neagle . . Elle. o 4 Nie eee 
 
 Longacre . 
 
 . Longacre . +s « = 9. 2129 
 . Edwin. s +. ©» 962 
 
 Birch . Birch... oh Bae 
 Strickland . Murray .... . . 2296 
 Birch Tucker | i 08 Ae be eee 
 Freeman . Gimbrede . . . ~* s Y104 
 Paradise . Paradise .. . . . 670 
 bay, sa . Longacre... . . » 9130 
 Morse . Anning Smith . . . 105 
 Bowall . . Longacre ... . . 2131 
 Chantry « Pelton. 665 echo Ain ea 
 cae naaper ae . Leney ses Re 
 gn Sat aS . Cooke |. 30 setae ieee 
 DeWilde - Leney: isa 1 page 
 Neagle . . Longacre .. . . .« 2132 
 ae tS - Leney a) vi tilawaeee 
 
 . Longacre ... . . 2133 
 Pratt . Jocelyn .. +. ss wee 
 Andrews . Murrey 2 6 eae 
 
 Birch .. 
 (Map) . 
 
 390 
 
 DOROY 6 4 ete eee 
 
 . Nesmith. « «+ ta 2aet 
 . Bitch: 2 se kyle 
 » Seot.o. scat ieteaee ae 
 - Shallus ... . . « » 2895 
 
ITEM 
 
 York Springs, Pa. . 
 
 Young, David 
 Young, Edward 
 
 Zwingli, Ulric 
 
 INDEX 
 
 CHECK LIST 
 
 ARTIST ENGRAVER NUMBERS 
 Bhai hte HO eee age 
 een Po hetits. way FE ROROR stele) soe te) eee 
 Neagle . . . Longacre ... . .« 2134 
 Pid gcs nN ee eg! et ee ORDEAL eM own salen ee 
 
 . Johnston ... . . 1498 
 
 . Longacre . . ». » + 2135 
 
 . Pekenino . .« . « « 24656 
 50) Ee Tet OSes eee Le 
 
 Wagner... . . . 3346 
 
 391 
 
~~ 
 
 a> 
 
Pat ew oa 
 t vids a, 
 Le 
 
 >» La te 
 (| ees LL, am 
 + 
 
 i 
 
{- 
 
no