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AMERICAN
ENGRAVERS
UPON COPPER AND STEEL
BY
DAVID MCNEELY STAUFFER
PART I
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
ILLUSTRATED
y
ee fi 2
——1%A (\, 2 Mti{e
THE GROLIER CLUB OF THE
CITY OF NEW YORK
1907
LIST OF PLATES
REV. RICHARD MATHER ;
Engraved on wood by John Foster, 1648-81.
MASSACHUSETTS BILL OF CREDIT
Probably engraved by John Conny, 1690
REV. INCREASE MATHER .
Engraved by Thomas Ennes, 1701
TITLE TO PLAN OF BOSTON .
Engraved by Thomas Johnston, 1708-67
REV. BENJAMIN COLEMAN
Engraved by Peter Pelham, 1735
REV. MATTHEW HENRY
Engraved by Nathaniel Morse, 1731
REV. JOSEPH SEWALL . c
Engraved by Nathaniel Hurd, 1730- 1
REV. ISAAC WATTS :
Engraved by James Turner, 1746
HARBESON BILL-HEAD
Engraved by Henry Dawkins, obit 116
JOHN HANCOCK :
Engraved by Paul Padare! 1735-1818
REV. THOMAS HISCOX .
Engraved by Samuel Okey, 1773
JOHN ADAMS : :
Engraved by James amie obit 1800
JOHN HANCOCK ;
Engraved by John parser: obit 1817
BOOKPLATE: MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOCIETY
Engraved by Joseph Callender, 1751-1821
CAPTAIN JAMES COOK . i
Engraved by Amos Doolittle, 1764-1889
BOOKPLATE: NEW YORK SOCIETY LIBRARY
Engraved by Peter Rushton Maverick, 1755-1811
BATTLE OF BUNKER HILL
Engraved by Robert Aitken, 1734-1802
BENJAMIN FRANKLIN . :
Engraved by Charles Willson Peale, V741- 1827
GEORGE WASHINGTON .
Engraved by Edward Savage, 1761-1817
THOMAS JEFFERSON ps
Engraved by Cornelius Tiebout, "1770-1880 ()
Vii
FACING PAGE
Q
6
10
LIST OF PLATES
FACING PAGE
JOHN PHILIP KEMBLE... . mem rie shy ne)’.
Engraved by H. H. Houston, ties in the United Staten! 1796-98
THOMAS A. COOPER... . ok Goths ie eee ce
Engraved by David Edwin, 1776-1841
REV. JOHN M. MASON... . . 166
Engraved by George Graham, ease Ne in the United States, 1797-1818
WILLIAM SHAKSPERE ... . 2 DSA See ee eee
Engraved by Robert Field, obit 1810
PHILIP DORMER STANHOPE, EARL OF CHESTERFIELD .. 182
Engraved by John Scoles, obit 1844
MARQUIS DE LAFAYETTE ee Ee ee ie
Engraved by Thomas Clarke, obit 1800
JAMES A. BAYARD... . jolly, SSS) gi Aiea
Engraved by Charles B. J. F. de ‘St. ntiataiale 1770-1852
REV. JONATHAN EDWARDS . % 1°55) 32 See
Engraved by Abner Reed, 1771-1866
GENERAL CHARLES C. PINCKNEY 20). 35) ee eee eee
Engraved by Alexander Anderson, 1775-1870
STEPHEN GIRARD by Porage aaa 0 ha SE ee eee
Engraved by William Chance. obit 1820
REV. JOHANN FRIEDERICH SCHMIDT... . . 230
Engraved by John Eckstein, working in the United Stateh, 1806-28
HON. JAMES BOWDOIN. .. . oe) fe. al te a ae
Engraved by John Rubens Smith, 1770-1849
ALEXANDER HAMILTON ... . o> ene) aan
Engraved by William Satchwell yee 1769-1831
CAPTAIN JAMES LAWRENCE 2 ee te Ee ee
Engraved by William Rollinson, 1762-1842
HON. TAPPING REEVE... . PEM
Engraved by Peter Maverick, 1730-1881
NAPOLEON, FRANCOIS CHARLES JOSEPH o eS Gi ee
Engraved by Thomas Gimbrede, 1781-1832
COLONEL JOHN TRUMBULL... . Pre ee
Engraved by Asher Brown Durand, 1796-1886
THE VELVET HAT .. . So
Engraved by John F. E. Prud’ ESS, 1800-1888
HON. WILLIAM LEWIS... . . 294
Engraved by Charles Goodman, 1790-1880, and Robert Piggot, 1795-1887
CAPTAIN THOMAS GAMBLE... . 5 pon eee ee
Engraved by James Barton Longacre, 1704-1869
THE WOLF AND THE: LAMB... 2.93) 3 ee
Engraved by J ohn B. Neagle, 1796-1866
BEATRICE ss ae gg ne
Engraved by: ohh Cheney, 1801-85
HON. CHARLES CHAUNCEY . 3.) 5 0s) 53) 2°
Engraved by John Sartain, 1808-97
Vill
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
Note. The single date indicates approximately the earliest engraved
work found.
Abernethie, ——_
Adams, Dunlap
Aitken, Robert
Akin, James
Akin, Mrs. Jas.
Allen, Joel
Allen, L.
Allerdice, Samuel
Anderson, Alexander
Anderson, Hugh
Anderson, W.
Anderton, G.
Andrews, Joseph
Annin, Wm. B.
Annin & Smith
Archer, James
Armstrong, Wm. G.
Atwood, W.
B., J. W.
Babson, R.
Baker, I. H.
Baker, John
Balch, Vistus
Bannerman, J.
Bannerman, W. W.
Bannister, James
Barber, Chas. E.
Barber, John W.
Barber, William
Barker, William
Barnard, W. S.
Barralet, Jno. Jas.
Bassett, W. H.
Bateman, William
Bather, George
Bather, Geo., Jr.
Baulch, A. V.
Beau, John Anthony
Beckwith, Henry
Bennett, Wm. Jas.
Best, E. S.
Billings, A.
Billings, Joseph
1785
1764
1734-1802
1773-1846
1808
1755-1825
1782
—1798
1775-1870
1811
1855
1828-1890
1805-1873
1813
1823
1834
1823-1880+
1840
1812
1860
1860
1832
1799 -1884
1800
1829
1840
1840-1892+
1798-1885
1807-1879
1795
1845
1747-1815
1820
1774
1850
-1890
1869
1770
1842
1787-1844
1826-1880}:
1801
1770
Birch, ——
Birch, 'Thomas
Birch, William
Blake, Wm. W.
Blyth, B.
Bogardus, James
Bolen, J. G.
Bolton, J. B.
Bona-Parte
Bonar, T,
Booth, T. D.
Boudier,
Bowen, Abel
Bower, John
Bowes, Joseph
Boyd, John
Boynton, G. W.
Bracket, Miss H. V.
Bridport, Hugh
Brooks, ——
Brown, Benjamin
Brown, Geo. L.
Bruen, R. C.
Bruff, Chas. O.
Bruls, M. G. de
Brunton, Richard
Buell, Abel
Bull, Martin
Burgis, William
Burnap, Daniel
Burt, Charles
Butler, ——
Butler, J. M.
Buttre, Jno. C.
Cade, J. J.
Callender, Benj.
Callender, Joseph
Campbell, A. G. & J. K.
Campbell, Robert
Capewell, Samuel
Carey, Peyton
Cario, Michael
Carpenter, B.
1X
1789
1779-1851
1755-1834
1848
1740-17824
1800-1874
1840
1841
1800
1850
1830
1800
1790-1850
1810
1796
1811
1842
1816
1794-1837
1800
1812
1814-1889
1820
1770
1759
1781
1742-1825
1744-1825
1717
1800
1823-1892
1835
1850
1821-1893
1860
1773-1856
1751-1821
1860
1806
1860
1810
1736
1855
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
Carson, C. W.
Casilear, Jno. W.
Chambers, R.
Chapin, William
Chapman, Conrad W.
Chapman, Jno. G.
Chapman, Jno. L.
Charles, William
Cheney, B. & T.
Cheney, John
Cheney, Seth W.
Childs, Cephas G.
Chorley, John
Chubb, T. Y.
Chubbuck, Thomas
Clark, A.
Clark, James
Clarke, Thomas
Classen, Wm. M.
Clay, Edward W.
Claypoole, James, Jr.
Clemens, Isaac
Clover, Lewis P.
Cobb, G.
Collard, W.
Cone, Joseph
Conn, James
Conny, John
Cook, T. B.
Cooke, Geo.
Cooke, Joseph
Copley, Jno. S.
Coram, T.
Cross, A. B.
Cross, P. F.
Cushman, Geo. H.
Cushman, Thos. H.
Daggett, Alfred
Dainty, S.
Danby, J.
Danforth, M. I.
Darby, J. G.
Darley, F. O. C.
Davies, C. W.
Dawes, H. M.
Dawkins, Henry
Dearborn, Nathaniel
Deeley, C.
Delaney, J. E.
Delliker, George
Delnoce, Luigi
Dewing, Francis
Dick, Alex. L
Dodson, R. W.
Doney, T.
Doolittle, Amos
Doolittle, Samuel
1848
1811-1893
1820
1802-1888
1860
1808-1890
1860
-1820
1781
1801-1885
1810-1856
1793-1871
1818
1860
1860
1825
1840
1797
1840
1792-1857
1761
1776
1819-1864}
1800
1340
1814
1771
1702
1809
1816
1789
1737-1815
1779
1840
1856
1814-1876
1840
1835
1840
1822
1800-1862
1838
1822-1888
1854.-1901+
1811
1754
1786-1852
1835
1850
1817
1855
1716
1805—1850+
1812-1867
1845
1754-1832
1804
Doolittle & Munson
Dorsey, Jno. Syng
Doty & Jones
Dougal, W. H.
Draper, John
Drayton, J.
Dresher, A.
Dudensing, R.
Duffield, Edward
Dunlap, William
Dunnel, E. G.
Dunnel, Wm. N.
Durand, Asher B.
Durand, Cyrus
Durand, John
Durand, Theodore
Durand, William
Duthie, James
Earle, J.
Eckstein, John
Eddy, Isaac
Eddy, James
Edwards, S. Arent
Edwin, David
Emmes, Thomas
Engelman, C. F.
Entzing-Miller, T. M.
Exilious, John G.
Fairchild, L.
Fairman, David
Fairman, Gideon
Fairman, Richard
Farmer, John
Felch,
Feters, W. T.
Field, Robert
Fitch, John -
Folwell, Samuel
Forrest, Ion B.
Fosette, H.
Foster, C.
Foster, John
Fowle, E. A.
Fox, Gilbert
Frederick, John L.
Freeman,
Freeman, E. O.
Freeman, W. H.
French, Edwin Davis
Furness, John M.
Furst, Moritz
1842
1783-1818
1830
1808-1853
1801
1820
1860,
—1899
1756
1766-1839
1847
1845
1796-1886
1787-1868
1792-1820
1835
1850
1850
1876
1806
1812
1827
1862—
1776-1841
1810
1844
1821
1845
1701
1814
1850
1810
1800-1840}
1782-1815
1774-1827
1788-1821
1798-1859
1855
1820
~1819
1743-1798
1765-1813
1814-1870
1850
1841
1648-1681
1848
1776 -1806+
1818
1816
1850
1830
1851—
1785
1782—1834+t
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
Gil 1812
Galland, John 1796
Gallaudet, Edward 1809-1847
Gallaudet, Elisha 1730-1800+
Gandolfi, Mauro 1771-1834
Garden, Francis 1745
Gauk, James 1799
Gavin, H. 1796
Gavitt, John E. 1817-1874
Gaw, R. M. 1829
Gil, Geronimo A. 1732-1798
Giles, Chas. 'T. 1827-1900+
Gillingham, E. 1819
Gilman, John W. 1741-1823
Gimber, Stephen 1830
Gimber, Stephen, Jr. 1845
Gimbrede, Jos. Napoleon 1820
Gimbrede, Thomas 1781-1832
Girardet, P. 1857
Girsch, F. 1850
Gladding, K. C. 1825
Glover, D. L. 1850
Gobrecht, Christian 1785-1844
Godwin, Abraham 1763-1835
Goldthwait, G. H. 1842
Goodall, Al. G. 1826-1887
Goodman, Charles 1790-1830
Graham, A. W. 71834
Graham, George 1797
Graham, P. P. 1870
Gray & Todd 1817 —
Greenwood, John 1727-1792
Gridley, Enoch G. 1803
Gross, J. 1834
Haines, D. 1820
Haines, William 1802
Halbert, A. 1835
Hall, Alfred B. 1842-1900+
Hall, Alice, 1847 -1900+
Hall, Chas. B. 1840-1905}:
Hall, Geo. R. 1818—
Hall, Henry B. 1808-1884
Hall, H. B., Jr. -1900+
Hall, Peter 1828-1895
Halpin, Frederick 1805-1842}
Halpin, John 1850 -
Hamlin, Wm. 1772-1869
Hamm, Phineas F. 1825
Hammond, J. T. 1839
Hanks, O. G. 1838
Harris, James 1850
Harris, Samuel 1783-1810
Harrison, Charles 1840
Harrison, Chas. P. 1783 -—1850+
Harrison, David 1870
Harrison, Richard 1820
Harrison, Rich. G. 1814
Harrison, Rich. G., Jr.
Harrison, Samuel
Harrison, William
Harrison, Wm., Jr.
Harrison, Wm. F.
Hartman, C.
Hatch, Geo. W.
Hatch, L. J.
Havell, Robert
Hay, de W. C.
Hay, William
Hay, Wm. H.
Henry, John
Herbert, Lawrence
Hewitt,
Hill, James
Hill, John
Hill, John Henry
Hill, John Wm.
Hill, Samuel
Hiller, J., Jr.
- Hills, J. H.
se
Hingston, ——
Hinman, D. C.
Hinschelwood, Robert
Hobart, Elijah
Hollyer, Samuel
Hoogland, William
Hooker, William
Hopkins, Daniel
Hoppin, Thos. F.
Horner, T.
Horton, ——
Houlton, J.
House, ‘Timothy
Houston, H. H.
Howe, Z. ;
Humphreys, F’.
Humphrys, William
Hunt, Samuel V.
Huntington, E.
Hurd, E.
Hurd, Nathaniel
Hutt, John
Hutton, Isaac & George
Hutton, J.
Iilman Bros.
Iilman, G.
Illman, H.
Illman Sons
Illman, Thomas
Illman & Pilbrow
Jackman, W. G.
Jackson, ——
Jarvis, Jno. W.
Jenckes, Joseph
1860
1789-1818
-1803
1797
1831
1850
1805-1867
1875
1815
1850
1819
1826
1793
1748
1820
1803
1770-1850
1839 —
1812-1879
1789
1794
1845
1820
1830
1812-1860}
—1863
1826—-
1815
1805
1783
1816-—1850+
184.4
1830
1796
—1865
1796
1797
1850
1794-1865
1803-1893
1828
1840
1730-1777
1774
1796
1825
1860
1855
1855
1845
1824
1836
1841
1826
1780-1839
1602-1683
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
Jennys, Rich., Jr.
Jewett, Chas. A.
Jocelyn, Nathaniel
Jocelyn, Simeon S.
Johnson, David G.
Johnson, W. T.
Johnston, David C.
Johnston, ‘Thos.
Jones, Alfred
Jones, A. L.
Jones, Benjamin
Jones, Fitz-E.id.
Jones, R. S.
Jones, Wm. R.
Jordan, Henry
Justice, Joseph
Kearny, Francis
Keenan, William
Kellogg, J. G.
Kelly, J.
Kelly, Thomas
Kennedy, James
Kensett, Jno. F.
Kensett, Thos.
Kernan, F. G.
Kershaw, J. M.
Key, F.C.
Key, William H.
Kidder, J.
Kimberly, Denison
Kimmel, P. K.
King, G. B.
King, James S.
Kinsey, Nathaniel, Jr.
Kirk, John
Kneass, William
Knight, T.
Koevoets, H. & C.
Kosh, A. E.
Kupfer, R.
Lamb, Anthony
Lamb, John
Lang, Geo. S.
Lavigne,
Lawrence, W. S.
Lawson, Alex.
Lawson, Helen E.
Lawson, Oscar A.
Leach, Samuel
Le Count & Hammond
Leddel, Joseph, Jr.
Lee, Homer
Leggett, R.
Lehman, George
Lemet, L.
Leney, Wm. S.
1774
1816-1878
1796-1881
1799-1879
1831
1850
1797-1865
1708-1767
1819-1900
1845
1793
1854
1873
1810
1836
1804
1780-1833}
1830
1850
1851
1795-1841
1797
1818-1872
1786-1829
1870
1850
1850
1864
1813
1814.—
1850
1830
1852
1854
-1862
1781-1840
1856
1870
1838-1897
1865
1760
1756
1799 -1883+
1814
1840
1773-1846
1830
1813-1854
1741
1840
1752
1855 -1903+
1870
1769-1831
Lepelletier, —
Lewis, J.
Lewis, J. O.
Lincoln, Jas. S.
Longacre, Jas. B.
Love, G.
Lovett, Robert
Lowe, R.
Lownes, Caleb
Lybrand, J.
M., J.
Maas, Jacob
McCabe, E.
McCarthy, ——
McCluskey, Wm.
McGoffin, John
McLellan, H. B.
McRae, John C.
Mackensie, E.
Macklow, J.
Main, William
Major, Jas. Parsons
Malcolm, Jas. P.
Manly, John
' Manzo, José
Marchant, B.
Mare, John de
Marsac, Harvey
Marsh, Wm. R.
Marshall,
Marshall, Wm. E.
Martin, D.
Martin, E.
Martin, J. B.
Martin, Robert
Mason, Alva
Mason, D. H.
Mason, Wm. G.
Maverick, Ann
Maverick, Emily
Maverick, Maria A.
Maverick, Peter
Maverick, Peter, Jr.
Maverick, Peter R.
Maverick, Samuel
Maverick, Samuel R.
Maxon, Charles
Meadows, C.
Meadows, R. M.
Medairy & Bannerman
Merchant, G. W.
Meyer, Henry H.
Meyrick, Richard
Middleton, Thomas
Moffat, J.
Molineux, ——
Montgomery, R.
1814
1780
1815
1811-1887
1794-1869
1807
1816
1838
1775
1820
1758
1824
1855
1860
1845
1813-1883
1860
1855
1833
1833
1821
1818-1900
1767-1815
1790
1789-1840
1816
1850
1834
1833
1804
1837-1900}
1796
1826
1822
1860
1819
1805
1822
1840
1830
1830
1780-1831
1840
1755-1811
1824
1835
1833
1850
1817
1828
1834
1834
1729
1814
1830
1831
1781
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
Moore, Isaac W.
Moore, T.
Morgan, Geo. T.
Morin, J. F.
Morse, Hazen
Morse, Nathaniel
Morse & Tuttle
Mote, W. H.
Mottram, C.
Mould, J. B.
Mulliken, Jonathan
Mumford, E. W.
Munger, George
Munson, S. B.
Murphy, ——
Murray, George
Murray, John
Neagle, James
Neagle, John B.
Nesmith, J. H.
Newcomb, D.
Newman, B. F.
Newsam, Albert
Nichols, Fred. B.
Norman, John
O’Brien, R.
O’Neill, John A.
Oakley, F. F.
Oertel, Johan A.
Okey, Samuel
Ormsby, W. L.
Osborn, M.
Osborn, Milo
- Ostrander, P.
Otis, Bass
Ourdan, Jos. J. P.
Ourdan, Jos. P.
Ourdan, Vincent Le C.
Page, William
Palmer, J.
Papprill, Henry
Paquet, Anthony C.
Paradise, Jno. W.
Parker, Chas. H.
Parker, George
Parkyns, Geo. I.
Paul, E.
Peabody, M. M.
Peale, Chas. W.
Pease, Jos. I.
Pease, Richard H.
Peasley, A. M.
Pekenino, Michele
Pelham, Henry
Pelham, Peter
Pelton, Oliver
1831
1845
1845-1892;
1825
1824
-1748
1840
1835
1855
1830
1780
1835
1783-1824
1830
1807
-1822
1776
1770-1822
1796-1866
1805
1820
1860
1809-1864
1894-1905
1748-1817
1823-1901}
1765
1809-1883
1812
1836
1850
1784-1861
1803-1874
1828-1881
1855—
1811-1885
1826
1849
1814-1882
1809 —1862
1795-1819
1832
1795
1855
1823
1741-1827
1809 —1883
1857
1804
1821
1749 —1806
-1751
1799 -1860+
Perine, Geo. E.
Perkins, E. G.
Perkins, Jacob
Perkins, Joseph
Phillibrowne, Thomas
Phillips, Charles
Picart, B.
Pierpont, Benj., Jr.
Piggot, Robert
Platt, H.
Plocher, Jacob J.
Pollock, T.
Porter, J. T.
Posselwhite, Geo. W.
Poupard, James
Price, George
Prud@homme, J. F. E.
Punderson, L. S.
Pursell, Henry
Pursell,
Quarre, F.
Radcliffe, C.
Ralph, W.
Rawdon, Freeman
Rawdon, Ralph
Reason, Philip H.
Reed, Abner
Reich, John
Reiche, F.
Revere, Paul
Reynolds, ‘Thomas
Rice, E. A.
Rice, James R.
Rice, W. W.
Richardson, S.
Ridgway, W.
Riley,
Ritchie, Alex. Hay
Roberts,
Roberts, John
Robertson,
Robertson, W.
Robin, Augustus
Robinson, ——
Robinson, W.
Roche,
Rogers, John
Rollinson, Charles
Rollinson, Wm.
Rolph, J. A.
Romans, Bernard
Rosenthal, Albert
Rosenthal, Max
Rost, Christian
Rothwell, J.
Ruggles, E., Jr.
1837-1885
1831
1766-1849
1788-1842
1834
1842
1800
1778
1795-1887
1832
—1820
1839
1815
1822-1899}
1774
1826-1864}
1800-1888
1850
1775
1820
1850
1805
1794
1804-1860}
1813
1850
1771-1866
1806
1795
1735-1818
1786
1845
1824-18764
1846
1795
1854
1800
1822-18864:
1841
1768-1803
1815
1831
1870
1815
1830
1791
1808-1888
1808
1762-1848
1834
1720-1784:
1863—
1833-—
1850
1841
1790
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
St. Memin, C. B. J.
F. de
Sacheverell, John
Sadd, H. S.
Sanford, I.
Sartain, Emily
Sartain, Henry
Sartain, John
Sartain, Samuel
Sartain, Wm.
Saulnier, H. E.
Savage, Edward
Savory, ——
Saxton, Joseph
Scacki, Francisco
Schlecht, Charles
Schoff, Stephen A.
Schoff, P. R.
Schofield, Louis S.
Schoyer, Raphael
Schwartz, C.
Scoles, John
Scot, Robert
Scott, Joseph T.
Sealey, Alfred
Serz, J.
Seymour, Jos. H.
Seymour, Samuel
Shallus, Francis
Sharpe, C. W.
Sherman & Smith
Sherratt, Thomas
Shields & Hammond
Shipman, Charles
Shirlaw, Walter
Shotwell, H. C.
Simmone, T.
Simmons, Joseph
Simpson, M.
Skinner, Charles
Smillie, James
Smillie, Jas. D.
Smillie, Wm. C.
Smillie, Wm. M.
Smith, C. H.
Smith, G.
Smith, Geo. G.
Smith, H. W.
Smith, John R.
Smith, R. K.
Smith, Sidney L.
Smith, Wm. D.
Smither, James
Smither, Jas., Jr.
Snyder, H. W.
Soper, R. F.
Sparrow, T.
Spenceley, J. W.
1770-1852.
1732
1840
1783
1841-1905+
1833-1895
1808-1897
1830-1905+
1843 -1906+
1830
1761-1817
1830
1790-1873
1815
1843-1905+
1818-1905
1850
1868 —1905+
1824.
1814
1793
1783
1795
1862
1878
1791
1797
1821
1850
1841
1870
1840
1768
1838-1906}
1853
1814
1765
1855
1867
1807-1885
1833-1906};
1813-1899+-
1835-1888
1855
1790
1858
1828-1879
1770-1849
1824
1845 —1906+
1829
1768
1803
1797
1831
1770
1865 -1906+
Spencer, Asa
Spencer, W. H.
Stalker, E.
Steel, Alfred B.
Steel, J.
Steel, James W.
Steeper, John
Stiles, Samuel
Stoddart, G.
Stone, Henry
Stone, Wm. J.
Stone, Mrs. W. J.
Storm, G. F.
Story, Thomas C.
Stout, Geo. H.
Stout, James D.
Stout, James V.
Strickland, Wm.
Stuart, F. T.
Swett, C. A.
Tanner, Benjamin
Tanner, Henry S.
Tappan, W. H.
Taylor, T.
Teel, E.
Terril, Israel
Terrill Bros.
Terry, W. D.
Thackara,
Thackara, James
Thackara, Wm. W.
Thew, Robert
Thompson,
Thompson, D. G.
Thompson, J. D.
Thornhill, ——
Thornton, William
Throop, D.S.
Throop, J. V.N.
Throop, O. H.
Tiebout, Cornelius
Tiller, Robert
Tiller, Robert, Jr.
Tisdale, Elkanah
Todd, A.
Topham,
Toppan, Charles
Torrey, C. C.
Trenchard, E. C.
Trenchard, James
Tripler, H. E.
Tucker, Wm. E.
Tully, Christopher
Turner, James
Tuthill, W. H.
Underwood, Thomas
XIV
~-1847
1825
1815
1850
1850
1799-1879
1762
1830
1835
1826
1822
1840
1834
1837
1830
1813
1834
1787-1854
1850
1860
1775-1848
1786-1858
1840
1860
1830-1859
1806
1868
1836
1775
1767-1848
1791-1839
1850
1834
-1870
1860
1810
1761-1827
1824
1835
1825
-1830
1818
1828
1771-18344
1812
1852
1796-18684;
1815
1798
1777
1850
1801-1857
1795-1849
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
Valdenuit,
Valentine, Elias
Vallance, John
Verger, P. C.
Vernon, T.
Wagner, H. S.
Wagner, William
Wagstaff, C. E.
Walter, Adam B.
Warner, C. J.
Warner, Geo. D.
Warner, William
Warnicke, Jno. G.
Warr, John
Warr, John, Jr.
Warr, W. W.
Warren, A. C.
Watts, J. W.
Wells, J.
Welch, Thomas B.
Wellmore, E.
Wellstood, James
Wellstood, Jno. G.
Wellstood, Wm.
Weston, Henry W.
Westwood, Charles
Whelpley, P. M.
White, Geo. H.
White, G. I.
1796
1810
—1823
1796
1853
1850
1820
1840
1820-1875
1796
1791
1813-1848
-1818
1821
1825
1830
1819-1904
1850
1836
1814-1874
1834
1855-1880
1813-1889+
1819-1900
1803
1851
1845
1870
1825
White, Thomas S.
Whitechurch, Robert
Wiggin, J.
Wightman, Thomas
Wilcox, J. A. J.
Willard, Asaph
Williams, E. G. & Bro.
Williams, H.
Willson, J.
Wilmer, Wm. A.
Wilson, Alexander
Wilson, D. W.
Wilson, James
Wilson, W. W.
Wise,
Wissler, Jacques
Wood, J.
Woodcock, T. S.
Woodruff, Wm.
Woodward, E. F.
Wooley, Wm.
Worship, ——
Wright, C. C.
Wright, G.
Wright, Joseph
Wrightson, J.
Yeager, Joseph
Young, James H.
Young & Delleker
XV
1734
1814-1883+
1810
1802
1875
1819
1880
1819
1800
1834
1766-1813
1825
1813
1850
1850
1803-1887
1826
1830
1817
1839
1800
1815
~1854
1837
1756-1793
1860
1815
1817
1840
PREFACE
THE following notes upon about seven hundred Ameri-
can engravers wpon copper and steel, are presented to
those interested with a full sense of probable omissions
and possible errors of statement. Some years have been
spent in gathering the necessary material from many
and widely scattered sources. In the absence of any col-
lected literature upon this subject, a close study of many
thousands of the earlier American engravings has been
made the foundation of this series of sketches, and the
information thus secured has been supplemented by
whatever could be gathered ‘from the newspapers, di-
rectories, and other publications of the period, and by
correspondence with the descendants of engravers. In
this connection, the writer would eapress his deep obliga-
tion to those whose interest in this work has induced them
to courteously place at his disposal such pertinent ma-
terial as came to their hands from time to time.
There are many books treating of foreign engravers
and their work; but with scarcely an exception the writ-
ers of these books ignore the existence of the art of en-
graving in America. The reason for much of this neg-
lect is apparent. The great majority of the.early Ameri-
can engravers were relatively obscure men; many of
xvil
PREFACE
them were gold- and silver-smiths, only working wpon
copper to meet a limited local demand, and the resultant
prints rarely found their way across the sea. As a mat-
ter of fact, the only record we have of the eaistence, as
engravers, of a number of these early men is the few im-
pressions of a plate accidentally preserved. But as a
record of men and events connected with our early his-
tory, and as marking the evolution of the art wpon this
continent, even these crude efforts are interesting and
historically important. |
The sketches themselves are confined to such detail of
the professional life of the engraver as could be found;
and when the subject of the sketch is known for what he
has accomplished in another field, this fact is simply
noted. As before stated, the prints themselves, and
their signatures, dates, and publishers form the basis
of these studies; and as the engravers of bank-notes
rarely signed their work, a number of worthy engravers
of this class have doubtless been overlooked. The
American painter-etcher, as a rule, has been purposely
omitted, as not properly coming within the scope of the
present work.
The purpose of the writer, in gathering this material,
has been two-fold. In the first place, he here attempts at
least a beginning in the historical preservation of the
names of many men who worked in an humble but ear-
nest manner in establishing in this country the art of en-
graving upon metal; and a number of the American
successors of these pioneers achieved honorable distinc-
tion as engravers, and their work is well worthy of rec-
ord for its intrinsic merit. In the second place, the
XViil
PREFACE
writer trusts that his labors may be of use to those inter-
ested in the preservation and study of early American
engravings.
T'o the end that this record may be extended and
corrected, the writer would be deeply indebted for any
further detail concerning the men here noted, or for
information as to new men.
DAVID MCNEELY STAUFFER.
Yonkers, N. Y., July 1, 1905.
XIX
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NOTES
UPON COPPERPLATE ENGRAVING IN
THE UNITED STATES
It is impossible to definitely state when and where the
first attempt was made to engrave upon wood or metal
on the North American continent, or in that part of it
now known as the United States. For political reasons,
those controlling Colonial affairs forbade the establish-
ment of the printing-press upon these shores for nearly
a century after the first settlement. And, in fact, there
was very little demand for printing or engraving until
after the wilderness had been in some measure con-
quered, and until permanent communities of consider-
able importance had been established.
Basing the statement solely upon such evidence as has
been preserved, we can only say that one Joseph Jenckes
is credited with having cut the dies for the Pine-tree
Shilling of 1652, at the Lynn iron-works in the Colony
of Massachusetts Bay; and John Foster, who established
the first printing-press in Boston, engraved upon wood
a portrait of the Rev. Richard Mather, which appears as
a frontispiece to a life of that divine published at Cam-
bridge, New England, in 1670.
But the scarcity of metallic money among the early
colonists, and the necessary issue of a paper currency to
meet this condition, probably created the first serious
demand for the work of a copperplate engraver. The
Xx1
NOTES
Colony of Massachusetts Bay authorized the issue of a
paper currency in 1690—the first among the American
Colonies to thus relieve its monetary wants: and, judg-
ing from the crude character of the notes then circulated,
the plate was engraved by some silversmith trained to
engrave script, arms, and ornament upon silver-plate or
pewter platters. This Massachusetts paper money was
counterfeited almost as soon as issued; and this fact is
sufficient evidence that the Colonial authorities did not
employ all the engraving talent then available in New
England. The simplicity of design and the coarseness
of execution made imitation easy; and the early records
of Massachusetts Bay teem with complaints against this
fraudulent money; and that the Colonial Treasury might
distinguish the good from the bad, it was compelled to
resort to secret marks and to peculiar sequences and ar-
rangement of the names signed to its own notes.
In this early paper money of Massachusetts the en-
graved portion included a more or less ornamental head-
line of scroll-work, the seal of the Colony, and script
setting forth the authority, place and date of issue and
the denomination. The back of the first issue was left
blank; the top edge of the note was “indented,” and each
was signed by three members of a specially appointed
committee.
The immediate effect of the circulation of the fraudu-
lent money referred to was an attempt to improve the suc-
cessive issues of the Treasury’s notes. The money of 1702
shows a more complicated design in the seal and the
script is better engraved than is the money of 1690; in
1718 the back of the bill was decorated with a very ornate
cypher; the notes of 1736 are almost above criticism in
the script-engraving and ornamentation; and the issues
of 1742 and 1744 are so well engraved throughout that
there is a strong probability that these plates were made
in England.
XXxli
NOTES
The first copperplate engraver of record in the Ameri-
ean Colonies is John Conny, a goldsmith and silversmith
of Boston. Conny made the plates for the Massachusetts
“bills of credit” of 1702, as is shown by the records of the
colony; and there is sufficient similarity between this
issue and the earlier one of 1690, to make it probable that
he engraved the plates for that bill as well. But the
first man to attempt the engraving of a portrait upon
copper seems to be Thomas Emmes, of Boston, who in
1701 little more than scratched upon that metal a copy of
an English engraving of the Rev. Increase Mather,
which was used as a frontispiece to a sermon of that
worthy published in Boston in that year.
Foster, Conny and Emmes were all doubtless New
England men by birth: but in 1715 there arrived in Bos-
ton, probably from London, one Francis Dewing, who
advertised his varied accomplishments as follows: “He
engraveth and Printeth Copper Plates. Likewise Coats
of Arms and Cyphers on Silver Plate. He likewise cuts
neatly in Wood and Printeth Callicoes.” This notice
shows the combination of the copperplate engraver with
the decorator of silver-plate; and the last clause in the
notice refers to the repeating designs then cut upon
heavy blocks of pear-wood, and used in hand-printing
with dyes upon cotton cloth. In 1722 Dewing engraved
a large plan of the town of Boston, which was probably
the first engraving of its class made in this country;
though the Hubbard map of New England, published
in 1677 and credited to John Foster, antedates it as a
‘map engraved upon wood.
About this time, at least two other American-born en-
gravers were working in Boston. These were Thomas
Johnston, born in that town in 1708, who was doing
some good work in 1729; and Nathaniel Morse, who en-
graved a respectable copperplate portrait published in
1781. ere also engraved the plates for some of the
XXxiil
NOTES
early Massachusetts money. But the first man who pro-
duced a really meritorious portrait plate in this country
was undoubtedly Peter Pelham, who painted and then
engraved in mezzotint, in 1727, a portrait of the Rev.
Cotton Mather. By a curious coincidence, this is the
third member of this famous New England family to
find a place in our record of the earliest portraits en-
graved in America.
While the other engravers mentioned were self-taught,
or engraved on copper simply as a branch of the silver-
smith’s trade, Pelham was a thoroughly trained engraver
in mezzotint, had engraved many portraits of notable
people, and had achieved considerable fame as an en-
graver before some now unknown cause induced him to
leave London, and its field for profitable employment, to
cast his lot with the people of Boston. And Pelham’s
departure for New England so far removed him from
his contemporaries that, until corrected by the late Mr.
Whitmore, English writers upon the art of engraving
assumed that he died about 17380, or just about the time
that he disappeared from London. ‘They were ignorant
of the fact that he remarried in Boston, taught school,
and painted and engraved portraits in that city until his
death, which actually occurred in 1751.
This mention of Pelham suggests the remark that
mezzotint engraving is not of such recent date in the
United States as some writers upon the subject assume.
As noted above, the first really good portrait plate pro-
duced in America was a mezzotint; and about this same
date William Burgis scraped a rather poor mezzotint
view of the lighthouse near Boston; and the stepson of
Peter Pelham—the later famous artist John Singleton
Copley—about 1765, made at least one mezzotint por-
trait, that of the Rev. William Welsteed. Somewhat
later than this, we have the respectable mezzotint work of
Richard Jennys and Samuel Okey, in 1773 and 1774,
XXIV
NOTES
and that of Charles Willson Peale in 1787, and of Ed-
ward Savage in 1791.
In the quarter century just preceding the outbreak of
the American Revolution there was a somewhat rapid in-
crease in the number of engravers in the Colonies; though
the volume of work was not large, including a few por-
traits, some views of prominent buildings, and maps,
book-plates, bill-heads, and engraved music. In addition
to the names already mentioned, we note for this period
the following men among the recognized engravers: In
the New England section, James Turner, Nathaniel
Hurd, Paul Revere, Joseph Callender, and Amos Doo-
little; in New York, Michel Godhart de Bruls, Elisha
Gallaudet, Peter Rushton Maverick, and Bernard Ro-
mans; and in Philadelphia, Henry Dawkins, John
Steeper, James Claypoole, Jr., James Smither, John
Norman, James Poupard, and Robert Aitken. Some of
these men do not appear as engravers until 1775; and
others, as Dawkins, Turner, and Norman, worked at
different times in several colonies.
In the Southern Colonies, prior to the Revolution, the
printing-press and what pertained to it found little en-
couragement, and book-plates and other minor engraved
work usually came from England. Prior to 1775 we
find but one engraver located south of the Mason and
Dixon Line; Thomas Sparrow, of Annapolis, who en-
graved title-pages, book-plates, and some woodcuts, and
conspicuously signed his name to the plates for the
Maryland paper money of 1770-74. The only other
Southern engraver approaching the date of 1775 is
Thomas Coram, of Charleston, S. C., who designed and
engraved the plates for the South Carolina money of
1779.
With the outbreak of the Revolution a popular de-
mand arose for other portraits than those of clergymen
and college benefactors: and to this event we are indebted
XXV
NOTES
for the Samuel Adams of Revere and Okey, the John
Hancock by Revere, the early portraits of Washington,
and the remarkable series of American generals and
statesmen engraved by John Norman. To these we
should add the battle scenes of Romans and Doolittle
and early maps of the seat of war. With scarcely an ex-
ception these patriotic efforts were exceedingly crude in
design and execution and are now only prized for their
historical interest and their relative rarity.
The peace of 1782, and the consequent fairly rapid
development of the American States, brought some en-
couragement to the fine arts in the new republic. But so
far as engraving was concerned this movement was slow.
It was not until 1794 that a meritorious plate of any de-
scription was engraved, for the first time in our art his-
tory, by a man born on American soil and regularly —
trained as a professional engraver. 'This honor belongs
to Cornelius Tiebout, a native of New York and the
descendant of a Dutch-Huguenot ancestor who settled
on Long Island in the seventeenth century. This claim
is made with all due regard for the creditable portraits
engraved by Charles Willson Peale and Edward Savage
several years before Tiebout published his John Jay in
London. Both Peale and Savage were Americans by
birth, and both were trained to engrave in England; but
while Peale and Savage did comparatively little engrav-
ing and were actually portrait-painters, Tiebout devoted
his life to producing and publishing prints.
The life record of Cornelius 'Tiebout is somewhat ob-
scure. We know that he was engraving in line in New
York as early as 1789, and that he went to London with
the purpose of learning to engrave under competent
masters of the art. 'Tiebout made excellent use of his op-
portunities and became a very good stipple-engraver,
abandoning the line work of his earlier period. In De-
cember, 1794, he engraved and published in London his
XXV1
NOTES
large print of the ““Anthophile,” after a painting by J.
Green; and in April, 1795, he published in the same city
his quarto portrait of John Jay. Tiebout returned to the
United States in 1796; established himself in business in
New York, and then in Philadelphia, as a professional
engraver, and his name is signed to a large number of
important plates.
Tiebout, however, soon after his arrival here, found
two formidable rivals in the production of portraits in
stipple, in the person of the Irishman, Houston, who was
engraving in Philadelphia in 1796; and in David Kd-
win, the son of an English comedian of some reputation,
who came to the same city in 1797. Houston apparently
soon returned to England; but Edwin remained in the
United States and became one of the most prolific and
popular portrait engravers of his period.
After 1800 the number of engravers in the United
States increases too rapidly for separate mention in this
place, and there was a marked advance in the quality of
the work performed. This double gain may be accounted
for in several ways. The few good engravers now estab-
lished in the country soon gathered pupils about them
and taught others to engrave. ‘Then, too, there was a
rapidly growing demand for good illustrative work in
the magazines started, such as the “Port Folio” and the
“Analectic,” and in the many American reprints of
standard English books. These books were generally
illustrated by well-engraved copperplates, which were
copied, and served as excellent models for our own en-
gravers. Among these reprints one of the earliest and
most important was the American edition of Rees’ Ency-
clopedia, published by Thomas Dobson, of Philadelphia,
in 1794-1808. This publication appeared in many vol-
umes, and the amount of illustrative work was so great
that the names signed to the plates included about all the
engravers then actively employed in the United States.
XXvil
NOTES
Bank-note work had a very considerable influence
upon the advancement of engraving in this country in
the first quarter of the last century. In 1810 the Ameri-
can, Jacob Perkins, devised means for substituting steel
for copper in the engraved bank-note plate; thus provid-
ing a material that admitted of much finer work and at
the same time vastly prolonged the useful life of the plate
itself. Perkins, Cyrus Durand, and other ingenious
Americans invented or improved the transfer-press,
geometrical lathe, and other mechanical appliances use-
ful in bank-note work, and so cheapened the process that
a decided impetus was given to the business—especially
as this was an era of paper money in the States. Bank-
note engraving establishments sprang into existence in
all our larger cities; and as the engraving of the vignettes
and the ornamentation and lettering of the plates de-
manded the highest grade of work and furnished regular
and profitable employment, we find that practically all
the trained line-engravers during the first half century
were thus engaged at some period in their professional
career. Among these we may note such well-known
names as Armstrong, Bannister, Burt, Casilear, Dan-
forth, Hatch, Alfred Jones, Pease, Schoff, and the
Smillies. Even the master among American line-en-
gravers, Asher B. Durand, was for some time engaged
in the manufacture of bank-notes, in association with his
brother, Cyrus Durand, and with C. C. Wright and
Joseph Perkins.
By the middle of the last century American bank-note
engraving had become deservedly famous throughout
the world; much work was done for foreign govern-
ments, and in this class of work our engravers are still
preéminent.
Another considerable field for the early American
engraver was opened by the publication of the once
popular and handsomely illustrated Annuals, first
XXVili
NOTES
issued by the Ackermans, of London. ‘These books con-
tained small landscape plates, ideal heads, and subject
plates usually beautifully engraved in line after the
paintings of foreign or American artists. It is among
these small Annual plates, engraved by such men as A.
B. Durand, John Cheney, Danforth, Prud’homme, and
others that we find some of the most pleasing and best
examples of pure line work executed in the United
States. |
James Barton Longacre, a designer, engraver and
print-publisher of Philadelphia, also had a part in rais-
ing the standard of engraving in this country. In 18382,
in connection with James Herring, Longacre undertook
the publication of “The National Portrait Gallery,” a
collection of portraits and brief biographies of prominent
American warriors and statesmen. In planning this
work the standard of excellence in the engraved portraits
was set so high that the promoters of the enterprise were
- unable to find a sufficient number of skilled engravers to
supply the plates in the time required. To meet this
emergency they induced trained engravers to come from
England and from the Continent to work especially up-
on the “Gallery” plates. Some of these men returned
home after executing their commissions; but a consider-
able number of them established themselves in business
here, to the advantage of the art generally.
With the last quarter of the last century, however,
came the beginning of the end of hand-engraving upon
metal for purposes of popular illustration. This some-
what abrupt and almost total disappearance of an art
honored for more than four centuries, 1s directly trace-
able to the mvention and rapid development of repro-
ductive processes, combining the use of the camera and
purely mechanical and chemical methods. By utilizing
these processes the material for ordinary illustrative pur-
poses is produced so rapidly and so cheaply that the
XxXix
NOTES
comparatively slow and costly hand-engraving has be-
come commercially impossible. Properly handled this
process-work is satisfactory for the purpose intended;
and in the more popular forms it has the decided
advantage over copperplate work of permitting its
use with type, at one printing; the separate and
costly printing on the plate-press being no longer
necessary.
It must be admitted that in this substitution of me-
chanical means for the work of the burin handled by a
master in the art, we lose much of the power, brilliancy,
and color seen in the plates of some of the old hand-en-
gravers. But, on the other hand, these cheap and rapid
processes add enormously to the volume of illustrative
matter; and while there is far too much of certain
classes of newspaper plates, the photographic nature of
the abundant illustrations of the present day is storing
up valuable material for the future historian. By
combining color-printing with these processes, art is
also promoted by a wider distribution of satisfactory
copies of the work of the masters of this and of past
centuries.
One field alone is left open to the old-time hand-en-
graver upon copper and upon steel, and that is the pro-
duction of bank-note vignettes and the lettering of the
plates. And that this field still remains is not due to any
reverence for the art or its traditions, but rather to the
very prosaic fact that by utilizing this skilled, slow, and
costly work, the makers of bank-notes believe that they
are making imitation more difficult. Eiven now, the
cost of hand-engraving upon steel would be practically
prohibitory, were it not that by the use of the transfer-
press and other ingenious mechanical appliances, one
expensive steel vignette can be made to do duty in a
number of separate designs by transferring it upon
copper and then differentiating it by appropriate ac-
XXX
NOTES
cessories engraved upon this copperplate. As a matter
of fact the original steel vignette is never used for
printing.
Hand-engraving upon copper and steel as an art is
dead, never to be revived; but it must always be honored
for its intrinsic merits, for its possibilities, and for its
loving traditions.
XXXI
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ABERNETHIE
In the “History of the Revolution of South Carolina,”
by David Ramsay, M. D., published by Isaac Collins,
Trenton, N. J., 1785, there are several maps of military
operations, marked Abernethie Sc. Charleston. They are
well engraved, and this same name is signed to several
book-plates of Southern men.
ADAMS, DUNLAP
The “Pennsylvania Gazette,’ Sept. 6, 1764, contains
the following announcement: :
“Dunlap Adams. Engraver in Front-street, between
Chesnut and Walnut streets, informs the Publick. That
he does all kinds of engraving on Gold, Silver, Copper,
Brass, Ivory, &c. As he is but lately come to Town, and
of course has not so much Business as he could do, any
Persons who are pleased to favour him with their Work,
may depend on his doing it punctually to the Time ap-
pointed, and in the neatest Manner. He also makes the
nicest pierced or plain Medals in Gold or Silver. Like-
3
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
wise, he proposes to teach Writing at his House, from
Eleven to One o’clock, at two Dollars per Month.”
No copperplate work by Dunlap Adams is known.
AITKEN, ROBERT
Born at Dalkeith, in Scotland, in 1734; died in Phila-
delphia, July 15, 1802. Aitken appears in Philadelphia
as a printer and publisher in 1769; returned to Scotland
in the same year, but came back to Philadelphia in 1771.
He issued the “Pennsylvania Magazine, or American
Monthly Museum,” from January, 1775, to June, 1776.
For this magazine he engraved the vignette on the title-
page, after a design by Pierre EK. du Simitiere, and a
number of the illustrations; among the latter were some
of the first views of military operations in the Revolution
ever engraved. While done on copper the work is crude,
plainly showing an unpractised hand. But in the “Penn-
sylvania Evening Post,” May 22, 1777, we find the state-
ment, “All kinds of Engraving done in the neatest man-
ner at R. Aitken’s book-store,” implying that he was
ready to do other work than that intended for his own
magazine.
AKIN, JAMES
Born about 1773, probably in South Carolina; died in
Philadelphia, July 18, 1846, “aged 78 years.” Akin
came to Philadelphia from Charleston, S. C., and was
for a time a clerk in the State department under Tim-
othy Pickering (1795-1800).
His earliest work as an engraver is found in John
Drayton’s “View of South Carolina,” Charleston, S. C.,
4
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BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
1802, and in Dobson’s edition of Rees’ Encyclopedia,
Philadelphia, 1794-1803; he signed the latter plates as
J. Akin, Sc. So. Carolina.
Akin then went to New England; as in 1804 he was
engraving book illustrations in Salem, Mass., and in
1806 he was established in Newburyport in the same
State. He painted portraits in water-colors and is cred-
ited with having issued a series of local caricatures of
New England men, a few of which have been seen by the
writer. Thomas Leavitt, of Hampton Falls, N. H., an
intimate friend of Akin, is said to have had quite a col-
lection of these caricatures, which was scattered and lost
by his descendants.
In 1808 Akin returned to Philadelphia and advertised
himself as then located “just above the Upper Ferry
over Schuylkill, where he means to persue his business,
etc.” In 1811 his name appears in the Philadelphia di-
rectories as an “engraver,” and, excepting in 1814-17,
inclusive, the name of James Akin is printed continu-
ously in these directories until 1846; but the occupation
is variously given as engraver, designer, druggist, eat-
ing-house keeper and draftsman for patents. He drew
caricatures upon stone for the lithographers, engraved
book-plates, and for a time he published prints in con-
nection with William Harrison, Jr.
The will of James Akin was probated Aug. 14, 1846,
and is on record in Philadelphia. In it he leaves to his
widow, Ophelia, “my best friend in this world,” his house
at No. 18 Prune St., Philadelphia, two hundred shares
of stock of the Bank of South Carolina, and twenty-five
shares of the Planters & Mechanics Bank of Charleston
5
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
—all for life, with remainder to his children. He men-
tions one daughter, Caroline Christie Akin, and a sister,
Eliza Akin, of Charleston, S. C. The name of his
widow, Ophelia Akin, appears in the Philadelphia direc-
tories until 1854.
AKIN, MRS.
Mrs. Akin is supposed to have been the wife of James
Akin, who was established as an engraver in Newbury-
port, Mass., in 1806—08. The only evidence we have of
her work as an engraver, however, is a certificate of
membership issued by the orphan asylum of Newbury-
port, evidently in the beginning of the last century. The
heading to this certificate represents a woman seated un-
der a tree and surrounded by children, with drapery
above the containing oval and crossed palms below. The
certificate below declares that “Mrs. Akin furnishes each
member with a specimen | of her abilities in the graphic
arts.” 'The plate is otherwise unsigned.
ALLEN, JOEL
Born in 1755, at Farmington, now Southington,
Conn.; died in 1825. Joel was the son of Daniel Allen,
a storekeeper of Farmington, but he later settled in
Middletown, Conn., owned property there, and there did
much of his engraving. For these biographical points
we are indebted to the courtesy of Mr. Albert C. Barnes,
librarian of the Connecticut Historical Society. Mr.
Barnes adds that Allen served in the Revolution, was
a man of artistic temperament, and very versatile.
His first dated work was for Williams Law’s “Select
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Harmony,” published in 1779. He engraved plates for
Maynard’s edition of “Josephus,” New York, William
Durell, 1792, and in the same year a map of Connec-
ticut, published in Middletown by William Blodgett.
In 1796-97 he was engraving portraits for a history of
France, published in Philadelphia, and he worked for
Boston publishers at a seemingly later date. As an en-
graver the work of Allen was very crude, and in line. It
is possible that he learned to engrave with Kensett, of
Cheshire, Conn.
ALLEN, L.
The only engraving seen by the compiler, and signed
by L. Allen as engraver, is a quarto mezzotint portrait
of Rev. Stephen Williams, D.D., first pastor of the
church at Longmarsh, Mass. As the inscription records
his death on June 10, 1782, the plate must have been en-
graved after that date.
The crudity of the work and the fact that the portrait
is that of an American divine, are the only reasons for
including L. Allen in this list, as nothing more is known
about him. The plate bears evidence of having been en-
graved prior to 1800.
ALLEN & GAW
The above names, as Allen & Gaw Sc., are signed to a
“Chart of Boston Harbor, Surveyed in 1817 by Alex".
S. Wadsworth, U.S.N., by order of Com®. William
Bainbridge, to whom it is most respectfully inscribed.”
This map, 35% x 41 ins. in size, was published by John
Melish, Philadelphia, 1819.
7
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
The Gaw of the above firm was possibly R. M. Gaw,
who was seemingly in the employ of Peter Maverick, of
Newark, N. J., in 1829, and was then engraving archi-
tectural plans and elevations.
ALLERDICE, SAMUEL
This copperplate engraver was a pupil, and later a
partner, of Robert Scot, of Philadelphia; and the firm of
Scot and Allerdice made a large number of the plates
for Dobson’s edition of Rees’ Encyclopedia, Phila-
delphia, 1794-18083. According to the death-notices
in “Claypoole’s Advertiser,” “Samuel Allerdice, en-
graver,’ died in Philadelphia on Aug. 24, 1798.
Over his own name Allerdice engraved in line a few
portraits for Hume’s “History of England,” published
by R. Campbell, Philadelphia, 1795. He was an indif-
ferent engraver.
ANDERSON, ALEXANDER
Born in New York City, April 21, 1775; died in Jer-
sey City, N. J., April 18, 1870. Anderson early became
interested in copperplate engraving and was self-taught;
but, yielding to the wishes of his family, he studied medi-
cine, and in 1796 was graduated from the Medical De-
partment of Columbia College as an M.D. He was
again engraving on copper in New York in 1797, and
the next year he permanently abandoned medicine for
the burin.
He engraved a number of copperplates and attained
very considerable proficiency in that branch of his art.
8
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
But in 1820 Dr. Anderson became interested in the
wood-engravings of Bewick and his followers, and he so
much improved upon the work of his predecessors in this
country that he is generally recognized as the Father of
Wood-Engraving in the United States. His use of the
“white line’ in wood-engraving was peculiarly success-
ful and effective.
ANDERSON, HUGH
The name of this good engraver in line and in stipple
appears in the Philadelphia directories for 1811-19 and
1822-24, inclusive; he engraved a large number of the
plates appearing in S. F’. Bradford’s Philadelphia edi-
tion of the Edinburgh Encyclopedia; and he also made
portraits and other illustrations for the Philadelphia
book publishers. Anderson possibly was trained abroad,
and belonged to the group of Scotch engravers who came
to the United States in the first decade of the last cen-
tury.
As late as 1835 a Hugh Anderson was engraving on
copper and on wood in St. Clairville, O. This may have
been the Philadelphia engraver, but the inferiority of the
work of the later man would lead us to doubt this.
ANDERSON, W.
About 1855 this excellent engraver of portraits and
landscape was working for the engraving firm of C. A.
Jewett & Co., of Cincinnati, O. Much of his work will
be found in the “Ladies Repository” published in that
city.
9
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
ANDERTON, G.
Born in London about 1828; died about 1890, says
Mr. Samuel Hollyer. Anderton was a good engraver of
portraits in both the stipple and mezzotint manner; he
was engraving in the United States as early as 1850, and
for a time he was in the employ of J. M. Butler,of Phila-
delphia. Some of these prints are signed G. J. Ander-
ton, though the style would lead us to suppose that it is
the same man mentioned above.
ANDREWS, JOSEPH
Born in Hingham, Mass., Aug. 17, 1805; died in Bos-
ton, May 7, 1873. Andrews was apprenticed at an early
age to the Boston engraver Abel Bowen, and from him
and from Wm. Hoogland he learned to engrave. In
1827 —or in 1829, according to W. J. Linton—he joined
the firm of Carter, Andrews & Co., of Lancaster, Mass.,
F. Andrews being his brother. A very prosperous busi-
ness was established in engraving, printing, and publish-
ing, and Linton says that the firm employed as many as
fourteen engravers at one time, though these were chiefly
wood-engravers. The firm failed as a result of the fi-
nancial panic of 1833.
Joseph Andrews is said to have executed his first plate
on steel in 1829, after a painting by Alvan Fisher. In
1835 he went to England and received instruction from
the London engraver Goodyear; he then worked in
Paris, and while in the latter city he engraved a head of
Franklin, from the Duplessis portrait, for the works
of Franklin edited by Jared Sparks. After a short stay
in the United States, Andrews again visited Europe in
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1840, and during his two years absence from this country
he engraved six plates for the “Gallerie Historique de
Versailles,” published in Paris. Andrews went to Paris
for a third time in 1858; and in 1855 he commenced his
chief plate—“Plymouth Rock, 1620,” engraved after a
painting by Rothermel. This plate was not completed
until 1869, and in its execution it consumed nearly half
of this engraver’s time for fourteen years.
Joseph Andrews ranks among the best of American
line-engravers and especially excelled in portrait work.
In the course of his professional career in the United
States he seems to have had a number of business asso-
ciates, as we find plates signed by his name coupled with
those of Carter, F’. Andrews, Thos. Kelly, S. A. Schoff,
H. Wright Smith, Wagstaff and W. H. Tappan.
ANNIN, WILLIAM B.
This engraver was probably a pupil of Abel Bowen,
of Boston, as he was working for that master in 1813 and
for some years thereafter. He then engraved both por-
traits and views for a time over his own name; but as
early as 1823 he was associated with the Boston engraver
George Girdler Smith, and the firm of ANNIN & SMITH
produced a considerable quantity of good work. Annin
was largely engaged in map engraving and is credited
with having engraved the once celebrated Loring
globes.
Annin & Smith were for some time engaged in the
lithographic business, under the name of the Annin &
Smith Senefelder Lithographic Company, of Boston.
In 1831 Annin & Smith sold out the lithographic busi-
11
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
ness to W. S. Pendleton, who continued the business as
the Senefelder Company, of the same city.
ARCHER, JAMES
James Archer was the engraver of the majority |
of the large plates illustrating Hinton’s “History and
Topography of the United States,” published in Boston
in 1834, ‘These views of American scenery are generally
drawn by American artists; and on several of the plates
the engraver signs himself J. Archer, Sc. Boston. Noth-
ing more is known about him by the compiler; though, as
an English engraver of this name was engraving land-
scape plates for London publishers in 1882, it is possible
that he came to the United States especially to engrave
the plates in the edition of Hinton referred to.
A James Archer was engraving book and magazine
iUlustrations in 1855 for C. A. Jewett & Co., of Cincin-
nati, O.; but while these plates are similar in character to
_ the Boston work of 1834, it can not be positively stated
that they were executed by the earlier James Archer.
ARMSTRONG, WILLIAM G.
Born in Montgomery Co., Pa., in 1823; and was liv-
ing in Philadelphia in 1880. Armstrong was a pupil of
James B. Longacre and he became a meritorious line-en-
graver of portraits. His signed work is not abundant, as
he devoted a large part of his professional life to bank-
note engraving. ;
ATWOOD, J.
Was a map engraver working in Philadelphia about
1840.
12
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
BABSON, R.
Stipple portraits, of little merit, are signed by Babson.
About 1860 he was apparently in the employ of Joseph
Andrews, of Boston, as we find plates signed Eng’d at
J. Andrews by R. Babson.
BAKER, I. H.
This good engraver of portraits in the stipple manner
was working in Boston about 1860.
BAKER, JOHN
About 1832 J. Baker designed and etched a large
plate in line of the “Battle of Bunker’s Hill,” and about
the same time two separate plates of “Washington Cross-
ing the Delaware.” These three plates were published by
Humphrey Phelps, of New York. He also engraved in
line a very large plate (21.6 x 28.9 ins.) of the “Resur-
rection of Christ,” which was “Designed & Engraved
by John Baker,” and was published in 1835 by Justin
Pierce, of New York. It is an ambitious piece of work
and fairly well executed; but the drawing is somewhat
peculiar, the two virgins gazing upon the angel at the
door of the tomb being in very modern dress.
BALCH, VISTUS
Born in Williamstown, Mass., Feb. 18, 1799; died at
Johnstown, N. Y., Oct. 25, 1884. Vistus Balch was the
son of Joseph and Mary (Watson) Balch, and a lineal
descendant of John Balch who came to Cape Ann, Col-
ony of Massachusetts Bay, in 1623, from Somersetshire,
England.
Vistus Balch first appears as an engraver in Utica,
13
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
N. Y., where he worked largely for the book publisher
W. Williams, of that place. He was also for a time a
member of the engraving firm of Balch, Rawdon & Co.
of Albany, N. Y. About 1830 he left Utica for New
York with Samuel Stiles, and under the firm name of
Balch & Stiles they did considerable work in the latter
city. Over his own name Balch engraved plates for the
“New York Mirror,” and a large number of portraits
and book illustrations for the publishers. He worked in
line and his plates possess merit.
Balch drew upon stone, about 1825, a very creditable
portrait of Dr. Samuel L. Mitchell; which was published
by Imbert, the pioneer lithographer of New York City.
BANNERMAN, J. |
Bannerman engraved in a crude manner two portraits
of Franklin, one in line and the other in stipple, for the
Works of Franklin, published in Huntingdon, Pa., in
1800. In 1802, he was performing better portrait work
for a Baltimore publisher; but he seemingly left very
little signed work.
BANNERMAN, W. W.
As early as 1829 Medairy & Bannerman were engrav-
ing book illustrations for the publishers of Baltimore,
Md. Bannerman himself was engraving hard-line por-
traits in Baltimore in 1842; but he is best known by his
series of full-length portraits of statesmen, etched for
the “United States Magazine and Democratic Review”
in 1840-45. These plates are chiefly remarkable for the
very bad drawing in the accessories to the portraits.
14
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BANNISTER, JAMES
This meritorious line and bank-note engraver was born
in England, and was lately living in New York, at
a very advanced age. According to Mr. Alfred Jones,
Bannister was an apprentice in the engraving establish-
ment of A. L. Dick, of New York; and his earlier signed
work is chiefly in the form of portraits, though he also
made some book illustrations. He became interested in
bank-note work at an early date, and for some years he
was the treasurer of the Homer-Lee-Franklin Bank
Note Co., of New York.
BARBER, CHARLES E.
Son of William Barber noted below. Born in London
in 1840; was living in 1892. Charles KE. Barber was ap-
_ pointed an assistant engraver in the U. S. Mint at Phila-
delphia in 1869; and upon the death of his father in 1880
he was made his successor as chief engraver. Mr. Bar-_
ber’s best work is to be found in the medals struck for —
Presidents Garfield and Arthur, the Indian peace medal,
and the Great Seal of the United States. He is said to
have been peculiarly happy in “catching a likeness.” 'The
work of his department was enormously increased by the
number of medal dies demanded by the War Depart-
ment, and for other Government purposes, and the med-
als struck under his direction are models of their kind.
BARBER, JOHN WARNER
Born in Windsor, Conn., Feb. 2, 1798; died in 1885.
Barber was apprenticed to Abner Reed, at Kast Wind-
sor, Conn., where Reed was then conducting a bank-note
15
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
engraving establishment; and in 1823 Barber established
himself in the engraving business in New Haven. But
Barber soon became deeply interested in historical work,
driving about the country in search of information, and
in 1827 he published his first book, “Historical Scenes in
the United States.” He published a dozen or more works
of this description and some of them are illustrated by
copperplates “Drawn & Engraved by J. W. Barber, N.
Haven.” ; |
Mr. W. J. Linton says that Barber engraved about
400 woodcuts, from original drawings by himself, in
1856-61, for a proposed book to be called “The Past and
Present of the United States.”
BARBER, WILLIAM
Born in London, May 2, 1807; died in Philadelphia,
August 81, 1879. Barber came to the United States with
his father, John Barber, and from the latter he learned
to engrave upon silver-plate, and for about ten years he
followed this business in Boston. In 1865 he was em-
ployed as an engraver in the U.S. Mint, in Philadelphia,
as an assistant to James B. Longacre, then chief en-
graver. Upon the death of Mr. Longacre, William Bar-
ber, in January, 1869, was appointed his successor, and
he served in that position until his death.
BARKER, WILLIAM
Barker was chiefly a map engraver, and he made a
number of the maps published in Matthew Carey’s At-
las, Philadelphia, 1795. His name appears in the Phila-
16
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
delphia directories for 1795-96 and 1800-08, inclusive;
in 1797 he was in New York working for the “New Ency-
clopedia,” published by John Low. Barker also engraved
maps and diagrams for Dobson’s edition of Rees’ Ency-
clopedia, Philadelphia, 1794—1803.
Barker was a capital script engraver; one of his best
examples being the title-page to Birch’s “Views of
Philadelphia,” published in 1800.
BARNARD, W. S.
About 1845 this engraver of book illustrations was
working for New York publishers. His name as en-
graver is found coupled with that of A. L. Dick, and he
was probably in the employ of Dick. Other prints are
found signed T'uthill & Barnard, Se.
BARRALET, JOHN JAMES
Born in Dublin, of French parentage, about 1747;
died in Philadelphia, Jan. 16, 1815. He was buried from
the house of W. H. Morgan, the Philadelphia print pub-
lisher. Westcott, in his history of Philadelphia, says that
Barralet came to that city about 1796, and painted por-
traits and landscapes in water-colors and designed work
for the engravers. He engraved a few plates, in both
stipple and line, with no unpractised hand; and for a
time he was associated in business with the Philadelphia
engraver Alexander Lawson. This latter connection,
however, was very short lived, as Barralet is described as
a highly irritable and eccentric individual, very difficult
to manage. David Edwin credits Barralet with the in-
17
“AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
vention of a ruling machine for bank-note work. Barra-
let’s name appears in the Philadelphia directories for
1797-1807 and 1813-14, inclusive; with his occupation
sometimes noted as “engraver,” but more frequently as
“artist.” His engraved plates are very few in number,
but he designed a number of plates for other en-
gravers.
BASSETT, W. H. |
The only examples of this engraver’s work are found
by the compiler in “The Poetical Works of John Trum-
bull,” published in Hartford, Conn., in 1820. These are
vignettes and general illustrations fairly well executed;
and the character of the work suggests that Bassett was
a bank-note engraver. The plates are designed by E.
Tisdale, and the latter engraved some of them
himself. :
BATHER, GEORGE
Born in England and came to the United States about
1851. He was chiefly employed as an engraver of por-
traits by Samuel Hollyer and J. C. Buttre in New
York.
BATHER, GEORGE, JR.
This portrait engraver was a son of the above, and died
in Brooklyn in 1890. He was employed for a number of
years in the engraving establishment of Buttre.
BATEMAN, WILLIAM
Bateman advertised in the “New York Mercury,”
18 :
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
Dec. 1, 1774, as “Engraver on stone, steel, silver and
copper; coats of arms, crests, cyphers, figures, heads and
fancies, in the neatest manner.”
No copperplate signed work is known to the writer.
BAULCH, A. V.
All that is known of this engraver is that he did some
excellent line work for the Appletons, of New York, in
1869, after designs by F’. O. C. Darley.
BEAU, JOHN ANTHONY
In the “New York Journal,” Dec. 13, 1770, John An-
thony Beau advertises as “Engraver and chaser.” He
was evidently an engraver upon silver-plate; though, like
many others of his trade, he may have engraved upon
copper.
BECKWITH, HENRY
Born in England and gained considerable reputation
there for his admirable engravings of animals after the
paintings of Landseer. Beckwith was working in New
York in 1842—43 in connection with Alfred Jones; but he
is best known in this country for his landscape work after
American artists. He died a few years ago.
BENNETT, WILLIAM JAMES
Born in England in 1787, says Dunlap; but as Ben-
nett was engraving aquatint plates in London in April,
1808, this date is probably in error; he died in New York
in 1844. Dunlap says that Bennett was a pupil of the
London engraver William Westall; and that in 1805 he
19
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
was attached to the medical staff of the English army in
the Egyptian and Italian campaigns.
Bennett came to New York in 1816, as a painter of
landscape in water-colors and a draftsman for engravers.
As an engraver he worked in aquatint, and produced a
number of good views for the New York magazines,
chiefly of points of interest about New York. Bennett
was made an Associate of the National Academy of De-
sign in 1827, and he became an Academician in 1828.
For some years he was the curator of the academy.
BEST, E. S. :
Born in London in 1826; and came to the United
States about 1850. He seems to have settled in Phila-
delphia, as he worked for some years in the engraving
and print publishing establishment of J. M. Butler, of
that city. His best plate is “Washington at Valley
Forge,’ a royal folio line plate after the painting by C.
Scheussele.
BILLINGS, A.
An elaborately designed but poorly engraved book-
plate of Richard Varick, an officer of the Revolution and
Mayor of New York in 1801, is signed A. Billings,
Sculpt. He was the preceptor in engraving of Abraham
Godwin about 1782.
BILLINGS, JOSEPH
This Joseph Billings, “silversmith and watchmaker”
by trade, was one of the early forgers of Colonial paper
money, whose name is handed down to us in a proclama-
20
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
tion issued on Jan. 15, 1770, by John Penn, Lieutenant-
Governor of the Province of Pennsylvania.
According to this document—which calls for his ar-
rest—Joseph Billings “feloniously forged and counter-
feited the Bills of Credit of the Province and passed the
same. Fe is described as “a very remarkable person,
being 6 Feet 5 Inches high, long-necked and raw-boned,
about 50 years of Age . . . but often passes by the name
of Doctor Billings, ete.”
BIRCH,
In 1789 Dobson & Lang, of Philadelphia, printed a
small volume entitled “An Easy and Compendious Sys-
tem of Short Hand,” written by Thomas Sarjeant. The
frontispiece to this work is a well-engraved portrait of
Mr. Tho. Gurney, signed Birch, Sculp.
William Birch, the well-known engraver of the “Views
of Philadelphia,” was living at Hampstead Heath, Eng-
land,in 1788—91,and he did not come to this country un-
til 1794. While William Birch is known to have en-
graved at least one portrait, this portrait is in stipple;
whereas that of Gurney is in line, with accessories that
suggest a book-plate engraver.
In the “New York Packet,’ Dec. 16, 1784, one B.
Birch advertises that he “engraves seals, copperplates,
cyphers and crests,” but no signed work of this B. Birch
is known. It is possible that he was the engraver of the
Gurney plate. But, on the other hand, the book which
contains this plate is a reprint of a much earlier English
edition; and the portrait plate may have been imported
from England for this American edition.
21
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
BIRCH, THOMAS
Born in London about 1779; died in Philadelphia,
Jan. 14, 1851. Thomas was the son of William Birch,
the engraver, and came to Pennsylvania with his father
in 1794, first settling at Neshaminy Bridge, Bucks Co.,
Pa., and he removed to Philadelphia about 1800.
Thomas Birch is said to have assisted his father in mak-
ing the plates for Birch’s “Views of Philadelphia’; and
these plates were issued in 1800 as Drawn and Engraved
by W. Birch & Son. But it is probable that Thomas
Birch was chiefly engaged upon the drawing. No plates
are known to the writer engraved by the younger Birch.
Thomas Birch early turned his attention to portrait
painting; but after 1807 he devoted himself to marine
painting and achieved reputation. A number of his rep-
resentations of naval battles in the War of 1812 have
been engraved.
BIRCH, WILLIAM
Born in Warwickshire, England, April 9, 1755; died
in Philadelphia, Aug. 7, 1834. Birch was an enamel
painter and engraver; for a time he was working in Bris-
tol, and in 1788-91 he was engraving prints and publish-
ing them at Hampstead Heath, near London, and he
was later living in London. In 1794 he came to Phila-
delphia with a letter of introduction from Benjamin
West to the Hon. William Bingham, and in that city he
painted landscape in water-colors and miniatures in
enamel; among the latter were several portraits of Wash-
ington done after the Stuart head.
The earlier engraved work of Birch was executed in
22
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stipple and was much more finished than that published
in this country. His one known portrait, that of Mrs.
Robinson, engraved after a portrait by Sir Joshua Rey-
nolds, belongs to this period and is an excellent piece of
work. In 1791 he published in London a quarto volume
entitled “Délices de la Grande Bretagne,” a collection
of views of places in the neighborhood of London, and
well done in stipple. |
His reputation as an American engraver is founded
upon his “Views of Philadelphia,” drawn and engraved
in 1798-1800 in connection with his son Thomas Birch,
later well known as a landscape and marine painter. In
1808 he also issued a smaller series of plates showing the
country seats of the United States. ‘These views are now
chiefly valued for their historical interest. His “Views
of Philadelphia” were republished by him in 1802, and
again republished by Robert Desilver in 1841.
BLAKE, WILLIAM W.
In 1848 Blake was engraving views of business build-
ings; and he then had an engraving establishment at 167
Broadway, New York.
BLYTH, B.
Among the prints exhibited at the late exhibition of
the work of early American engravers at the Boston
Museum of Fine Arts, was a mezzotint allegorical com-
position signed Cole del—Blyth Fecit. 'The print is en-
titled “Sacred to Liberty or an Emblem of ye Rising
Glory of ye American States.” Among other emblems
are a tree on a sea-shore supporting a heart-shaped es-
23
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
cutcheon with thirteen stars; one of two genii holding an
inverted British flag, and a striped flag.
The descriptive catalogue ascribes this print tos Ben-
jamin Blyth; who was born in Salem in 1740, was mar-
ried in 1769, and was admitted to Essex Lodge in 1781.
It is probable that this is the same B. Blyth who drew
the two portraits of General and Mrs. Washington, after
C. W. Peale, engraved by John Norman and published
by John Coles in Boston, in 1780 and 1782.
No other engraved work of Blyth is known to the
writer. Robert Blyth, an English engraver in line, died
in London in 1785; but judging from the character of
the work, it is improbable that he was the engraver of
this print.
BOGARDUS, JAMES
Born in Catskill, N. Y., March 14, 1800; died in New
York City, April 18, 1874. In 1814 Bogardus was ap-
prenticed to a watchmaker; and while mastering this
trade he also became an expert die-sinker and engraver ;
though it is not known that he engraved to any extent.
He was a very skilful mechanic, and he invented a num-
ber of valuable machines. Among these were improve-
ments in cotton-spinning; a machine for engraving
figures, etc., on watch dials; a transfer-machine for pro-
ducing bank-notes from separate dies; the first dry gas-
meter; and in 1836, while on a visit to England, he
devised a successful medallic engraving machine; and in
1839 he secured against 2,600 competitors a reward of-
fered by the British government for the best machine for
manufacturing postage-stamps.
24
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
James Bogardus is perhaps best remembered by the
five-story factory building constructed for his own use in
New York in 1847, and made entirely of cast-iron. This
was the first building of this kind anywhere, and he later
erected similar buildings in various parts of the United
States.
BOLEN, J. G.
This name is signed to an armorial book-plate of
Charles M. Connolly as J. G. Bolen, 104 B’way. 'There
is no indication of date, and the form of signature may in-
dicate the publisher or stationer, rather than the engraver.
BOLTON, J. B.
Bolton was a capital script and letter engraver, located
in Boston, Mass., in 1841, and working in connection
with D. Kimberly.
BONA-PARTE
This name, evidently fictitious, is signed to a crude
line portrait of James Madison, President of the United
States. The name is divided as follows: Bona, Del.
Parte, Sc. The print itself may be described as follows:
Line, rect. full bust, face three-quarters right. Size,’7.5 x
6.3 ins. The print is apparently of American origin and
contemporaneous with Madison; it was found in its orig-
inal frame in a Pennsylvania farm-house.
BONAR, T.
This engraver of portraits in the stipple manner was
‘ working for the Methodist Book Room, in New York,
25
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS |
about 1850. About the same time the firm of Bonar &
Cummings was producing portraits for the magazines.
BOOTH, T. D.
Booth is said to have been born in Albany, N. Y.; and
in 1830 he was an apprentice in a bank-note engraving
firm in New York. For a time he was engraving in Cin-
cinnati and in Chicago; but in 1857 Booth was again in
New York and was largely employed by G. P. Putnam
& Co., the publishers of that city.
BOUDIER, ——
This evidently Krench engraver was an imitator of
St. Memin in the style and size of his portrait plates and
was apparently in this country about the same time. He
probably learned to use the “physotrace’ in Paris, and
his stay in the United States must have been a very short
one, as only one plate so signed is known. This is a por-
trait of “Buonaparte,” signed Boudier, sculp'. Philad*.
BOWEN, ABEL
Born in Sand Lake Village, Greenbush, N. Y., Dec.
23, 1790; died in Boston March 11, 1850, according to an
extended sketch of Abel Bowen prepared for the Bos-
tonian Society by the late Wm. H. Whitmore and pub-
lished in Boston in 1884. Bowen was engraving upon
wood as early as 1811, and in August, 1812, he was in
business as a printer in Boston.
In 1816 Bowen published in Boston “The Naval
Monument,” illustrated by copper and woodcut views of
26
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BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
naval combats, a number of which were engraved by
Bowen himself. He was certainly engraving upon cop-
per in 1817 in both line and stipple; in 1821 he was in
business with Alexander McKensie, a copperplate
printer, and in 1825 he published Shaw’s “History of
Boston,” illustrated by very creditable full-page views,
mostly engraved upon copper, by Bowen. About this
same time he drew upon stone the illustrations for an
edition of the lectures of Sir Astley Paston Cooper, pub-
lished by Pendleton, who established the first litho-
graphic press in Boston.
Mr. W. G. Linton, in his “History of Wood Engrav-
ing in America” (Boston, 1882), says that in 1834 Abel
Bowen, in association with the wood-engravers Alonzo
Hartwell and John C. Crossman, established the Amer-
ican Engraving and Printing Co. This company later
became the Boston Bewick Co., the publishers of the
“American Magazine,” a publication devoted to the en-
couragement of wood-engraving in America. The two
volumes of this magazine contain about 500 woodcuts,
generally coarse and crude in execution. In 1836 their
printing establishment was burned down and the com-
pany failed. In the course of his business career Abel
Bowen published a number of books.
BOWER, JOHN
Bower was a map engraver, working in Philadelphia
in 1810-19, inclusive. He engraved a few poorly exe-
cuted plates for Collins’ Quarto Bible, of 1816, and a
very curious, large plate of the bombardment of Fort
McHenry. Bower also engraved crude stipple portraits
27
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
of Washington and John Adams, apparently done for a
copy-book cover.
BOWES, JOSEPH
This engraver in both line and stipple was living in
Philadelphia as early as 1796. His work was very poorly
executed; but he engraved views in line for the “Amer-
ican Universal Magazine” and the “Monthly Mag-
azine,’ of Philadelphia, and also a number of illustra-
tions in stipple for a history of France published by
James Stewart, Philadelphia, 1796-97. Bowes engraved
some of the plates for Dobson’s edition of Rees’ Ency-
clopedia.
BOYD, JOHN
The name of this excellent engraver of portraits in
stipple appears in the Philadelphia directories in 1811-—
19 and 1822—27, inclusive. It is not known where he was
born or learned to engrave; but judging from his prints
he worked solely for the magazines and book publishers
of Philadelphia.
BOYNTON, G. W.
This man was a map engraver, apparently located in
Boston in 1842. |
BRACKET, MISS H. V.
A large Bible print of “Ruth and Boaz,” published
about 1816 and very well drawn and engraved, is signed
Etched by Miss H. V. Bracket—Hoogland dir’. 'The
print probably appeared in the New York edition of
Collins’ Quarto Bible; and the date would make Miss
28
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BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
Bracket one of the earliest women engravers upon cop-
per in the United States. Mrs. James Akin, working in
1808, is the first on record, and though no definite dates
can be assigned to the engraved work of the daughters
of Peter Maverick, they were apparently engraving in
the early thirties.
BRIDPORT, HUGH
Born in London in 1794, and came to Philadelphia in
1816; and the directories of that city contain his name
continuously until 1887. Dunlap says that Bridport was
a pupil of C. Wilkins, a miniature painter of London.
He opened a drawing academy in Philadelphia, in 1817,
in connection with his brother, George Bridport; painted
portraits and miniatures, and about 1818 he was asso-
ciated with the English architect John Haviland in a
school for teaching architecture and drawing. Bridport
engraved a few very good portraits in the stipple man-
ner. He was one of the instructors of the deaf-mute
lithographer Albert Newsam, and Bridport himself drew
a number of portraits upon stone for some of the early
Philadelphia lithographers.
BROOKS, ——
The book-plate of Dr. J. Dove, of Richmond, Va., and
living about 1800, was engraved by Brooks. The plate
is poor enough to be early American work.
BROWN, BENJAMIN
The earliest plate seen signed by B. Brown is an ex-
cellent stipple portrait of Sir Philip Francis, the frontis-
29
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
piece to “The Identity of Junius,’ by John Taylor,
published in New York in 1812. A number of very
good line illustrations to a botanical work, also pub-
lished in New York, are signed B. Brown, Sc., N. York;
and the New York directory for 1819 contains the name
of Benjamin Brown, engraver and printer of book-
plates, maps, visiting-cards, etc., “in the first style of
elegance.” The name only appears for this one year.
BROWN, GEORGE L.
Born in Boston, Mass., Feb. 2, 1814; died at Malden,
Mass., June 25, 1889. Brown was originally appren-
ticed to a wood-engraver, and woodcuts are found signed
by him. He went abroad in 1853-55, studied in Rome
and became a reputable painter of landscape. The only
work upon copper known to the compiler is a series of
admirable etchings of views about Rome, executed from
his own drawings and published in 1860.
BRUEN, R. C.
Dunlap says that Bruen was an apprentice with ©
Maverick & Durand; but after doing some good work,
he became deranged a few years later and was drowned
in the Hudson River. The only examples of engraved
work of Bruen known to the compiler are some very
well-executed plates for editions of “Gil Blas” and “The
Arabian Nights,” published by Wm. Durell, New York,
1820. |
BRUFF, CHARLES OLIVER
Bruff advertises in the “New York Mercury” of 1770,
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and possibly earlier, as a goldsmith and jeweler. In
- 1775 he added an engraving department to his business,
then established at the sign of “The Teapot, Tankard &
Ear-ring,” between Maiden Lane and Crown Street,
near the Fly Market; and he adds to his notice, ““Where
he engraves all sorts of arms, crests, cypher & fancies,
in the neatest manner and greatest expedition, with
heads of Lord Chatham, Shakespear, Milton, Newton,
etc., with Mason’s arms and all emblems of Liberty.”
Bruff probably employed an engraver for this work,
as his former advertisements make no mention of en-
graving. As Henry Pursell advertises at times in the
same journal, he may have been the engraver to whom
this work was given by Bruff.
BRULS, MICHELSON GODHART DE
This man seems to have been the chief engraver upon
copper in New York in the period 1759-63; though
Elisha Gallaudet was engraving in that city as early as
1759. De Bruls, acording to advertisements in the New
York newspapers of his day, engraved book-plates,
maps, and views. The earliest of his work—and the only
large plate seen by the compiler—is a very well-executed
“Plan of Niagara with the Adjacent Country, surren-
dered to the English Army under the Command of Sir
~ Will™ Johnson, Bart., on the 28th of July 1759.” This
map contains a good coat of arms of Sir William John-
son, and is signed Engraved and published by Michelson
Godhart de Bruls,in New York, North America.
The “New York Mercury,” for May 8, 1762, and suc-
31
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
ceeding numbers, state that this plan and a companion
plate were to be published by subscription by “Michael
de Bruls, Engraver and'an Inhabitant of this City.”
The second plate was “A plan of the Landing, Encamp-
ment and Attack against Fort Niagara, on Lake On-
tario, . .. also the Engagement where the French
Reinforcements were defeated.” The advertisement
goes on to say that these two plans were engraved “on
two large copperplates” and “would form a print 2 ft.
11 ins. by 1 ft. 1 m. exclusive of margins.” It is stated
that “they were almost ready for printing,” and it is to
be presumed that both plates were published, though the
second plate is unknown to the compiler. The price to
be paid was eight shillings each, and they were to be de-
livered to subscribers before June 26, 1762.
Another ambitious work by de Bruls is noted in the
“New York Mercury” of Oct. 11, 1762. He then pro-
posed to engrave and publish by subscription “T'wo dif-
ferent Waterviews and two different Landviews of the
flourishing City of New York”: “(1) These above men-
tioned four different views, with the respective refer-
ences in English, High Dutch and Low Dutch, will be
curiously engraved on a copperplate of 21 x 12 inches,
and printed on the best paper.” “(2) A plan of the —
streets, etc. of the City, with their respective names, will
also be neatly engraved on another copperplate and
printed on best large paper.” These views were to be
sold for twenty shillings, and subscriptions were taken
by “Michael de Bruls, Publisher and Engraver of the —
above Plates, at the lower end of New Street, next door
to Col. Thodey, in New York.” On Feb. 28, 1763, de
32
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
Bruls apologizes for his delay in issuing the plates, and
complains of lack of encouragement; he finally requests
would-be subscribers to make haste as he wishes to insert
their names in a descriptive pamphlet that is to accom-
pany the plates. All of these views are unknown to the
compiler.
On March 5, 1759, “Mr. Michael de Bruls, En-
graver, was located at “Mr. Furer, Silversmith, in
French Church Street, New York”; and he probably
added to his scanty income by engraving on silver. He
neatly engraved at least one book-plate.
BRUNTON, RICHARD
This mediocre engraver first appears in the columns
of the “American Journal and Daily Advertiser,” of
Providence, R. I., where, on Jan. 31, 1781, he advertises
as “engraver and die-sinker.” While in Providence he
engraved the portrait of Washington which appeared as
a frontispiece to “A Poetical Epistle to his Excel.
George Washington, etc. London printed. Providence
(Rhode Island) Reprinted and sold by Bennett Wheeler
at his office on the West side of the Great Bridge
MDCCLXXI.” The journal above mentioned adver-
tises this “E/pistle” as published in March, 1781.
As to the further career of Brunton, the writer is in-
debted to Mr. A. C. Bates, the librarian of the Connec-
ticut Historical Society, at Hartford, who has published
a lengthy monograph on this very obscure engraver.
According to Mr. Bates, Brunton appears in Suffield,
Conn., about 1790; and he there put his knowledge of
die-sinking to use in making counterfeit money. ‘The
33
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
records of the Superior Court in Wyndham County,
Conn., for the March term of 1799, show that a Richard
Brunton was charged with making “types and dies” for
counterfeiting the silver coin current in the State.
Brunton pleaded guilty to the charge and was sentenced
to imprisonment for two years in the Connecticut State
prison at Newgate, in the town of Granby.
Brunton’s enforced stay in this prison of infamous
memory may account for several of the plates assigned to
him; and especially for the armorial and portrait plate of
Major Reuben Humphreys, signed “R. B.” This Major
Humphreys was the keeper of Newgate prison from 1796
until 1801; this period covering the stay of Brunton at
that place. For similar reasons, a large and curiously
drawn plate of the Newgate prison is ascribed to the
same man. Mr. Bates assigns to this Brunton a con-
siderable number of book-plates, none of which are
signed with his name as engraver.
Mr. William S. Baker, in his “American Engravers,”
says that Gideon Fairman, about 1792, was encouraged
to take up the art of engraving by “an English engraver
by the name of Brunton.” As Fairman was then living
at Newtown, Conn., the above Richard Brunton may be
the engraver referred to.
BUELL, ABEL
Born in Killingsworth, Conn., Feb. 1, 1742; died in
New Haven about 1825. Buell was apprenticed to a sil-
versmith, and he became a skilful engraver upon metal
and was engaged in that business on his own account.
While he was still a young man there is a report that he
34
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
was arrested and imprisoned for having altered a plate
for a Colonial note.
Buell later established a type foundry and is said to
have cut the matrices for several fonts of type. He re-
moved to Springfield, Mass., and then to New Haven,
about 1774-75, and at the latter place he was employed
by Bernard Romans in constructing a map of North
America. Buell is credited with having made the survey
of the coast about Pensacola for Romans, and with hav-
ing engraved some of the maps in Romans’ “Natural
History of Florida,” published in New York in 1775.
He may also have engraved the plan of Boston published
by Romans in 1775. Buell engraved a diploma plate for
Yale College prior to 1775, says Mr. James Terry in one
of his “Ex Libris Leaflets.”
In consideration of his services to the public the legis-
lature of Connecticut restored to Buell his civil rights.
He was employed by the State in making money with
apparatus devised by himself. He also erected in New
Haven one of the first cotton mills built in the United
States.
BULL, MARTIN :
Born, probably in Farmington, Conn., Dec. 3, 1744;
died March 24, 1825. Mr. Charles Dexter Allen, in his
“American Book-Plates,” says that about 1795 Bull was
a goldsmith in business in Farmington, was a deacon,
town treasurer, clerk of probate for thirty-nine years, a
strong patriot and “a writer of long and appallingly sol-
emn letters to the youth of the village when at college.” —
Bull engraved his own book-plate and another, most
35
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
curiously designed, for the Monthly Library, of Farm-
ington, Conn. In engraving the latter plate he was as-
sisted by his partner, ‘Thomas Lee, who was born in 1717
and died in 1806, says Mr. James Terry, of New Haven.
BURGIS, WILLIAM
William Burgis was a publisher of American maps
and views as early as 1717. He also attempted mezzotint
engraving—according to the evidence of a single large
plate, very coarsely executed and signed W. Burgis del
et fecit. This plate is a view of the lighthouse at the en-
trance to Boston harbor, and bears the inscription “To
the Merchants of Boston this View of the Light House
is most humbly presented by their Humble Serv’'t Wm.
Burgis.” |
All the other known prints associated with the name of
William Burgis are engraved in line, are usually well
engraved, and several of them are signed by known en-
gravers. The compiler contends that these prints were
simply published by Burgis. The most conspicuous
among these engravings is the “South Prospect of the
City of New York,” dedicated by William Burgis to
Gov. Robert Hunter, and published in 1717, according
to a date connected with one of the inscriptions. This
view is about five feet long, is very well engraved, and the
only known copy belongs to the New York Historical
Society. In this copy, unfortunately, the greater part of
the descriptive title at the bottom of the plate is torn off,
and with this the name of the engraver has disappeared.
The same society, however, possesses a restrike of this
plate, published by Thomas Bakewell, print-seller, of
36
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
London, on March 25, 1746; on this restrike the arms and
name of Gov. George Clinton have been substituted for
those of Governor Hunter. But this latter plate pre-
serves all the inscription, including that of the engraver,
who signed himself Z. Harris, scu. This John Harris
was a reputable English engraver of landscape, etc., who
flourished between 1686 and 1739. As Harris was dead
in 1746, he undoubtedly engraved the original plate
published by William Burgis in 1717.
A. plan of Boston, published by William Burgis in
1729 and dedicated to Governor Burnet, was engraved
by Thomas Johnston, of Boston, New England, and is
so signed. Burgis also published views of the college at
Cambridge, Mass., and of the New Dutch Church, in
New York, the latter dedicated to Gov. Rip Van Dam.
These prints are executed in line, but, as the compiler
has not been able to study original impressions, nothing
more can be said about them.
W. Burgis is said to have married the widow of a tav-
ern-keeper, and to have kept a tavern for a time in
Boston.
BURNAP, DANIEL
This engraver of brass clock-faces, working in East
Windsor, Conn., before 1800, is mentioned by Mr. James
Terry in his “Ex Libris Leaflet, No. 4.”
BURT, CHARLES
Born in Edinburgh, Scotland, Nov. 8, 1823 (though
this date appears to be an error); died in Brooklyn,
March 25, 1892. ‘This exceptionally good line-engraver
87
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
was a pupil of W. Holme Lizars, a well-known engraver
of Edinburgh, and he came to New York in 1886. He
was employed for a time by A. L. Dick, of that city, and
some of his best early work bears‘the signature of A. L.
Dick as engraver. Burt engraved and etched a large
number of plates for portraits and book illustrations; but
he later turned his attention almost entirely to bank-note
work, and for some years he was one of the chief engravers
for the Treasury Department, at Washington, D. C.
Several of his larger plates were made for the American
Art Union, in 1851-52.
BUTLER, ——
A. good line-engraving of a man and a lion is signed
Butler Sc. Balto. The plate was engraved prior to 1835,
as the example seen has written upon its back a “‘presen-
tation” of that date.
BUTLER, J. M.
While this name is appended to a large number of
prints, Butler was a plate printer and print publisher
of Philadelphia about 1850, and the employer of engray-
ers. ‘There is no evidence that J. M. Butler was an en-
graver himself—unless the work noted above was done
by him. Later, Butler held political office in Philadel-'
phia and abandoned publishing.
BUTTRE, JOHN CHESTER
Born in Auburn, N. Y., June 30, 1821; died at Ridge-
wood, N. J., Dec. 2, 1898. After being educated in the
38
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BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
district schools and the Auburn academy, Buttre became
interested in art, studied drawing under Hulaniski, a
Pole residing in Auburn, and made some attempts at
portrait-painting. Not succeeding in colors, he turned
his attention to wood-engraving and was later established
in business in Auburn. In 1841 he removed to New
York, became a line-engraver of reputation, and a con-
siderable amount of his work of this period appeared in
the magazines. As a member of the firm of Rice & But-
tre, and later under his own name, he established an ex-
tensive engraving business in New York, and he em-
ployed many engravers. He continued in active business
until his death, and it is said that nearly 8000 plates bear
his name.
B., J. W.
These initials as J. W. B. del. et sc. are signed to a
quarto line-plate representing an engagement between
Georgia militia, under Gen. John Floyd, and a force of
Creek Indians, at Antossee, Ala. This fight, in which
Gen. Floyd was badly wounded, took place on Nov. 29,
1813; and the plate, which is fairly well engraved, is
seemingly of contemporaneous date. ‘The writer cannot
assign this plate to any known American engraver.
CADE, J. J.
Born in Canada and was living in Brooklyn in 1900.
Cade was a good engraver of portraits, in a mixed man-
ner. He worked for the New York magazines and book
publishers.
39
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
CALLENDER, BENJAMIN
Born in Boston, March 16, 1773; died in Northfield,
Mass., Feb. 22, 1856. He was a son of Benjamin Cal-
lender, a brother of Joseph Callender, the engraver, and
Abigail Belcher. In 1798, Benjamin Callender, Jr., re-
moved to Northfield, and on Nov. 17, 1798, he married
Sally Laughton, who was born in Boston and died March
80, 1858, aged 80 years. In the “History of Northfield,”
Benjamin Callender is mentioned as a “merchant and
engraver.” |
His engraved work chiefly consists of maps and charts,
and he was engraving these for Boston publishers as
early as 1796. Callender engraved some of the maps in
the “American Gazetteer,” by Jedediah Morse, Boston,
1797.
CALLENDER, JOSEPH
Born in Boston, Mass., May 6, 1751; died there Nov.
10, 1821, and was buried in the Old Granary Burying
Ground in Boston. He was the son of Eleazer Callender
and Susanna Hiller. According to a notice in the “Mas-
sachusetts Sentinel,” “Mr. Joseph Callender, Engraver,
was married, on Aug. 1, 1789, to Miss Elizabeth Laugh-
ton.”
Joseph Callender was employed for some time as a die-
sinker for the Massachusetts Mint. In association with
Paul Revere he engraved a number of line-plates for the
“Royal American Magazine,” published in Boston in
1774. His chief occupation, however, seemed to be the
engraving of book-plates, bill-heads, and work of a simi-
lar character.
40
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
CAMPBELL, A. G. and J. K.
These two men were engraving portraits, in a mixed
but effective manner, in New York about 1860.
CAMPBELL, ROBERT
An engraver of this name furnished good line illustra-
tions for S. F’. Bradford’s edition of the Edinburgh En-
cyclopedia, Philadelphia, 1806-18; and the name, as
“engraver,” appears in the directories of that city for
1822-381, inclusive. A well-executed stipple portrait of
Chief Justice William Telghman was engraved by R.
Campbell and published in 1829. |
Robert Campbell was the publisher of Wm. Birch’s
“Views of Philadelphia,” in 1800; but it is not certain
that this is the same man.
CAPEWELL, SAMUEL
Capewell was a letter engraver of some reputation.
About 1860 the firm of Capewell & Krimmel was in busi-
ness in New York as engravers and publishers; this firm
is still in existence. Plates signed by this firm are gen-
erally the work of engravers in their employ; though
Krimmel was also an engraver.
CAREY, PEYTON
At the exhibition of early engraving in America, held
at the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, 1904, a seal of
the University of Georgia was shown. A note says that
this seal was designed and cut by Mr. Peyton Carey, “a
graduate of 1810.”
. 41
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
CARIO, MICHAEL
The “American Weekly Mercury,” Philadelphia,
July 8-15, 1736, advertises the arrival from London of
Michael Cario, “Jeweller.” After detailing his various
wares, in the form of rings, buttons for sleeves, snuff-
boxes, ete., he adds the following: “N.B. The said
Michael Cario buys all sorts of old Diamonds, or any
other Stones, and performs all sorts of Engraving Work,
either in Gold or Silver.”’ 3
CARPENTER, B.
Carpenter was a line-engraver of landscapes and
buildings, apparently working in Boston in 1855.
CARSON,C. W.
This man was a line-engraver of maps and vignettes
located in Albany, N. Y., in 1843.
CASILEAR, JOHN W.
Born in New York, June 25, 1811; died Aug. 17,
1893. At the age of fifteen Casilear was apprenticed to
the engraver Peter Maverick and after a time he became
an excellent line-engraver; his large plate of “A Sibyl,”
after the painting by Daniel Huntington, being an ad-
mirable example of pure line work.
Having studied bank-note engraving under Maverick
and A. B. Durand, he was engaged in that business for
some years, and about 1854 he became a member of the
bank-note engraving firm of ‘Tappan, Carpenter, Casi-
lear & Co., of New York. But having become interested _
42
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
in painting in oil, and having studied painting in Europe
in 1840 and in 1857, Casilear became a landscape-painter
of reputation. He was an Associate of the National
Academy in 1835, and a full Academician in 1851.
Casilear engraved plates in conjunction with J. W.
Paradise; and other plates are signed Casilear, Capewell
& Krimmel.
CHAMBERS, R.
This engraver was doing some fairly good work, in
both line and stipple, in Washington, D. C., about 1820
—26. His best work, noted by the writer, is a bust of
Thomas Jefferson, in an oak-garlanded circle, heading a
facsimile of a letter written by Jefferson to R. C. Weight-
man, Mayor of Baltimore. The letter is dated June 24,
1826, and the engraving seems, from its inscription, to be
of contemporaneous date.
CHAPIN, WILLIAM
Born in Philadelphia, Oct. 17, 1802; died there Sept.
20, 1888. William Chapin was a lineal descendant of
Deacon Samuel Chapin, who settled at Springfield,
Conn., in 1642. On Nov. 4, 1817, William Chapin was
apprenticed to John Vallance, of the engraving firm of
Tanner, Vallance, Kearny & Co., of Philadelphia. He
remained with this firm until 1822, when he purchased
his freedom for $125,and he then began business for him-
self as an engraver. In December of the same year he
made a contract with the Baltimore publisher, Fielding
Lucas, to engrave for him for the sum of $416 per an-
num, or less than $35 per month; and in August, 1824,
7 43
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
he accepted a similar engagement with a New York firm
for $520 per year. :
About 1827 Mr. Chapin turned his attention to pro-
jecting and engraving maps, and in time he established
an extensive map business in New York. Chapin’s large
map of the United States is said to be the first map en-
graved upon steel in this country.
In 1838 Mr. Chapin became much interested in the
education of the blind; and in 1840 he permanently aban-
doned engraving and map publishing to become the prin-
cipal of an institution for the blind in Columbus, O. He
remained at this place until 1847,and in 1849 Mr. Chapin
was elected principal of the Institution for the Blind in
the city of Philadelphia, and to this work he devoted the
remainder of his life. |
For these notes upon Mr. Chapin, the compiler is in-
debted to the courtesy of his son, John Basset Chapin,
M.D., physician in charge of the Pennsylvania Hospital
for the Insane in Philadelphia.
CHAPMAN, JOHN GADSBY
Born in Alexandria, Va., Dec. 8, 1808; died in Brook-
lyn, July 6, 1890. Little of Mr. Chapman’s early life is
known, other than that he studied art in Italy and in 18386
he opened a studio in New York. For some time there-
after he was largely employed by the Harper Bros. and
by others as a designer for book illustrations, as a wood-
engraver, and an etcher after his own designs. He did
not engrave upon copper in line or stipple. In 1848 Mr.
Chapman returned to Italy and devoted himself entirely
to painting, maintaining a studio in Rome until his death.
AAs
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
Two of Mr. Chapman’s sons, Conrad Wise and John
Linton Chapman, were painters and artist etchers. Both
of these sons were born in Rome; the first-named served
in the Confederate army throughout the Civil War, and
died some years ago; the other was living in 1900. A
daughter, Mary Chapman, married Count Cerovitch, one
time private secretary to Victor Emanuel, late King of
Italy.
CHARLES, WILLIAM
Died in Philadelphia in 1820. Mr. Lossing says that
William Charles was a Scotchman who was compelled to
hastily depart from Edinburgh to escape prosecution for
caricaturing some of the dignitaries of that city. Dr. An-
derson says Charles came to New York in 1801, and in
1807 he was established in that city as an engraver and
publisher at “Charles’ Repository of Arts.” The directo-
ries of Philadelphia locate him in that city from 1816 to
1820, inclusive; he was in business there as a copperplate
engraver, as a bookseller and asa publisher and stationer.
Charles engraved in line, stipple, and in aquatint; but
he is best known by his series of caricatures, chiefly of
events connected with the War of 1812, or with local
politics. These war etchings were issued in 1813, in con-
nection with S. Kennedy; they were published in monthly
sets of four, at $1.50 per set to subscribers, and $2.00 to
non-subscribers. As a publisher Charles was located at
32 S. Third St., Philadelphia, and among the books pub-
lished by him were “The Vicar of Wakefield” and “The
Tour of Dr. Syntax,” both illustrated by colored plates
aquatinted by Charles after Rowlandson. |
45
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
CHENEY, BENJAMIN anp TIMOTHY
These clock-makers of East Hartford, Conn., were
working about 1781-1801; and their well-engraved brass
clock-faces show very considerable skill in handling the
burin. They are referred to by Mr. James Terry, in his
“Ex Libris Leaflet, No. 4.”
CHENEY, JOHN
Born at South Manchester, Conn., Oct. 20, 1801; died
there, Aug. 20, 1885. This unexcelled line-engraver of
small heads and book illustrations was working as an en-
graver in Boston in 1829, and in 1833 he went to Europe
to study art, supporting himself there by engraving for
American publishers. But disheartened by the lack of
encouragement for art in this country, he virtually aban-
doned engraving while he was still comparatively a
young man. A life of John Cheney, by Ednah D. Che-
ney, was published in 1889; and a very complete check-
list of the engraved work of both John and Seth W.
Cheney has been compiled by the late Mr. S. R. Koehler,
Boston, 1891. John Cheney also drew upon stone for
some of the Boston lithographers.
CHENEY, SETH WELLS
Born at South Manchester, Conn., Nov. 28,1810; died
in Boston, Sept. 10, 1856. In 1829 S. W. Cheney joined
his brother, John Cheney, in Boston, and with him
learned to engrave. After working with a publishing ©
firm in Brattleboro, Vt., for about a year, he accompanied
John Cheney to Europe in 1838, and studied in Paris un-
der Isabey, Delaroche, and other French masters. Seth
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W. Cheney returned home in 1834, and then spent sev-
eral years in Ohio, with another brother, in an attempt at
growing mulberry trees and rearing silk-worms. He
again went to Kurope in 1837 and resumed his art studies
in France, Italy, and Germany; and in 1841 he opened
a studio in Boston. He there began to draw portraits in
crayon, which by their artistic merit earned him much-
deserved fame, and to Seth W. Cheney belongs the credit
of having been practically the first among American art-
ists to effectively work in “black and white.” The line-
engravings of Seth W. Cheney are comparatively few in
number. His life was written by Ednah D. Cheney, and
published in Boston in 1881.
CHILDS, CKEPHAS G.
Born in Bucks Co., Pa., Sept. 8, 1793; died in Phila-
delphia, July 7, 1871. Childs was taught to engrave by
Gideon Fairman in Philadelphia, and as a “historical
and landscape engraver” his name appears in the direc-
tories of that city from 1818 to 1845, inclusive. Prob-
ably his earliest signed work is to be found in S. F. Brad-
ford’s edition of the Edinburgh Encyclopedia.
Childs issued his “Views of Philadelphia” in 1826-38,
many of these being engraved by himself. After a visit
to Europe, he asociated himself with the artist Henry
Inman, under the firm name of Childs & Inman. This
firm, which was in existence from 1831 to 1835, brought
P. S. Duval from Europe and placed him at the head of
the lithographic department added to their general en-
graving business. Inman drew upon the stone himself,
and their deaf and dumb apprentice, Albert Newsam,
AT
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
executed some of his best work for the firm of Childs &
Inman, and became the foremost lithographic artist of
his day.
Cephas G. Childs was a very good engraver of portraits
in stipple and landscape and vignettes in line, though
his signed work is not very abundant. In 1822 the firm
of Childs & Carpenter was publishing elaborately en- —
graved business-cards and script work in Philadelphia.
About 1845 Childs abandoned engraving and inter-
ested himself in newspaper work in Philadelphia. Along
with Walter Colton he was one of the editors of the
“Commercial Herald,’ John R. Walker being the pub-
lisher. He was afterward commercial editor of the
“North American,” published by Thomas R. Newbold.
Childs established the “Philadelphia Commercial List,”
and published that journal for many years at the corner
of Dock Street and Bank Alley, Philadelphia.
Childs was a soldier in the War of 1812, and was long
interested in the volunteer military organizations of Phil-
adelphia. He was for a time captain of the Washington
Grays, and was colonel of one of the militia regiments of
~ his city.
CHORLEY, JOHN
About all that the writer has been able to discover
about this man is that he was a fairly good line-engraver
of portraits and book illustrations, and was working in
Boston as early as 1818. Upon a well-executed Bible
print the name is signed I. P. Chorley Sc.
John Chorley, about 1825, married Maria Byron
Doyle, the daughter of an artist and portrait-painter of
48
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
considerable reputation and formerly keeper of the
Columbian Museum, in Boston.
CHUBB, T.Y.
About 1860 Chubb was an engraver of portraits in
mezzotint and in a mixed manner. He worked for the
book publishers.
CHUBBUCK, THOMAS
This man was an engraver of portraits and landscape
- in hnne and stipple. He was located in Springfield, Mass.,
in 1860. |
CLARK, A.
Dunlap says that A. Clark was born at Cooperstown,
N. Y., and about 1825 he and Ralph Rawdon were
members of the firm of Rawdon, Clark & Co., general
engravers of Albany, N. Y. In 1834 Clark was in busi-
ness in New York City.
CLARK, JAMES
In 1840 James Clark was an engraver of bank-notes,
cards, etc., with an establishment at 67 Broadway, New
York City.
CLARKE, THOMAS |
The name of this engraver in the stipple manner first
appears in 1797, when he was engraving portraits and
subject plates for the “American Universal Magazine,”
of Philadelphia, and illustrations for an edition of “Tele-
machus” published by David Longworth, of New York.
49
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
He was apparently in both cities in this year, as he signed
his plates respectively 7'. Clarke, Sculpt. Philadelphia,
1797 and engrav’d by Tho’s. Clarke, N. Y. Clarke was
engraving in New York at least as late as 1800; but
Dunlap says that he went South about this time, became
deranged, and then committed suicide.
CLASSEN, WILLIAM M.
This name is signed to a few well-engraved line-plates
of buildings and book illustrations as Wm. M. Classen,
Eng. No. 1 Murray St. cor. of B. Way. (New York).
The apparent date of these plates is about 1840—50. On
one plate seen the name is signed J. M. Classen Sc.,
though the work seems to be the same.
CLAY, EDWARD W.
Born in Philadelphia, Pa., in 1792; died in New York,
Dec. 31, 1857. Clay is said to have been a midshipman
under Commodore Perry; but he later studied law and
was admitted to the Philadelphia bar on Nov. 12, 1825.
He had, however, a decided leaning toward art; he drew
some of the plates engraved for Childs’ “Views of Phila-
delphia,”’ and he drew upon stone for the lithographing
firm of Childs & Inman. Clay was a merciless caricatur-
ist and some of his lampoons of fellow-citizens are said to
have caused him much personal inconvenience. In the
Philadelphia directories of 1835-36 his profession is
given as “artist.” He engraved several fairly well-exe-
cuted plates in the stipple manner, the best of these being
a portrait of the Rev. Joseph Eastburn. His caricatures
were etched.
50
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
Clay is said to have studied art in Europe for five
years. Later in life, his eyesight failing him, he aban-
doned art and became clerk of the Chancery Court, and
of the Orphans’ Court, in Delaware.
CLAY POOLE, JAMES, JR.
This name as J. Claypoole, Jr. delin. et Sculp' is
signed to a large and coarsely engraved “Prospective
View of the Pennsylvania Hospital with the Buildings as
intended to be erected.” It is advertised in the ‘““Pennsy]-
vania Gazette” of Oct. 29, 1761, as “just published,” and
it was to be sold for “1 shilling plain and Two coloured”
by James Claypoole, on Walnut Street, Philadelphia,
and also by David Hall,” the latter a printer of that city.
In a letter to his son, Rembrandt Peale, under date of
1812, Charles Willson Peale says that James Claypoole,
Jr., was living in Philadelphia in 1762, and Peale saw
some of his paintings. He later married a Miss Rench,
of that city,and after her death he sailed for London with
the purpose of seeking the patronage of Benjamin West.
But his vessel was driven out of her course by storms and
Claypoole finally reached Jamaica, settled on that island,
and remarried there. Peale further says that James
Claypoole, Jr., was the son of James Claypoole, a house-
painter and glazier of Philadelphia, who was in that busi-
ness there at least as early as 1747; as is shown by a bill
in possession of the writer, in which he charges for paint-
ing leather fire-buckets, sash-lights, etc. James Clay-
poole, Jr., was the uncle of the American painter Mat-
thew Pratt; and Pratt says that his uncle instructed him
in “all branches of the painting business.”’
51
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
The late Mr. Charles R. Hildeburn suggests that
Claypoole was probably the engraver of a large plate
caricaturing the advance of the Paxton boys upon Phila-
delphia, published in that city in 1764, but unsigned.
This plate, however, is dedicated to the citizens of Phila-
delphia by “H. D.,” and it is more probably the work of
Henry Dawkins.
CLEMENS, ISAAC
The “New York Gazette,” Oct. 28, 1776, contains the
following advertisement: “Isaac Clemens, Engraver
(who lately arrived with his Majesty’s Fleet from Bos-
ton, in New England), informs the Gentlemen of the
Navy and Army, and the Public in general, that he now
carries on the ENGRAVING BUSINESS, at his
Shop near the French Church, in King St., New York.”
This advertisement disappears in a very short time,
and Mr. Clemens probably went back to Engen as
nothing more is known about him.
CLOVER, LEWIS P.
Born in New York, Feb. 20, 1819; living in 1864.
Clover studied drawing under William Page and for
three years he worked in the studio of Asher B. Durand
as an engraver. He finally adopted painting as a profes-
sion and followed it successfully for some years. In 1850
he became a deacon and later a priest in the Protestant
Episcopal Church, and was rector of a number of
churches. The University of Kentucky, in 1858, con-
ferred upon him the degree of D.D.
52
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BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
No engraved work signed by Clover has been seen by
the compiler, but in 1853 he edited a reprint of Burnet’s
“Practical Hints on Composition in Painting,” and he is
said to have made the etchings illustrating this work.
COBB, G.
Cobb was a book-plate engraver working about 1800,
but without indication of place. He was most probably
an American, as the only plate signed by him is of the
pictorial type, with an American eagle bearing an oval
frame once containing a name, now carefully erased;
there is a scratchy landscape at the base.
COLLARD, W.
Was a line-engraver of portraits, working for the mag-
azines about 1840—45.
CONE, JOSEPH
Cone was a clever engraver in both stipple and in line,
and he was chiefly engaged upon portrait work. He is
said to have been a brother of the Rev. Spencer H. Cone,
who came from New Jersey to Philadelphia, in 1802,
to accept a position as a teacher in Dr. Abercrombie’s
Academy. Joseph Cone possibly came with him to study
engraving. In any event, Joseph Cone was engraving
over his own name in Philadelphia in 1814-19, inclusive.
In the period 1820—24 he was engraving prints and pub-
lishing them in Baltimore, Md. He also worked for Bos-
ton publishers, and in 1829-30 his name reappears in the
Philadelphia directories as an “engraver.”
58
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
CONN, JAMES
James Conn, writing-master at Elizabethtown, N. J.,
advertises, in 1771, his intention to teach writing, arith-
metic, mathematics, geography, etc., and adds to his
notice the following: |
“Furthermore, the said Conn at leisure Hours, en-
graves Shop Bills, Bills of Parcels, Bills of Exchange,
or any Kind of Writing for the Rolling-Press, in the neat-
est Manner.” ,
CONNY,JOHN
John Conny, or Cony—for the name is spelled both
ways—was a prominent gold- and silver-smith, of Bos-
ton, at least as early as 1700. On Oct. 21, 1700, we find
John Chester, of Wethersfield, Conn., writing to him,
directing him to make a silver service and a silver tank-
ard, and to mark them with his arms and a cipher. Sil-
ver-plate made by him is still preserved.
The MSS. Archives of Massachusetts, under date of
March 12, 17702—08, note the indebtedness of the Colony
“To John Conny for graving 3 plates for Bills of Credit,
£30.00.0.”’ And on Nov. 26, 1706, the same records show
that, to prevent counterfeiting, the plate for the bills was
to be provided with “Eight blazons and put on by the
engraver.” ‘This Massachusetts currency of 1702 in-
cluded little more than the engraved script and the seal
of the Colony; and the earlier bills of 1690 approach it
so closely in general design and excution, especially in
the character of the decoration at the top of the note, that
there is a strong possibility that both plates were made
by the same man. If this assumption were correct, John
54
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Conny would be the first American engraver upon cop-
per of record.
COOK, T. B.
In 1809-16 T. B. Cook was engraving portraits in
stipple for Wm. Durell and other book publishers of
New York.
COOKE, GEORGE
It is difficult to locate the engraver of this name; or to
decide whether some of the plates so signed were exe-
cuted in England or in the United States. In 1812 a
George Cooke engraved American and Canadian land-
scape plates which were published in London. About
1816-18 work very similar in style was published in the
“Port Folio,” of Philadelphia; these latter landscape
plates were engraved from drawings made by Alexander
Wilson, J. J. Barralet, George I. Isham, and other
American artists. It would thus appear that the George
Cooke of 1812. was in Philadelphia in 1816-18.
The prolific English engraver of portraits in outline,
George Cooke, was working in London in 1812-16; but
his style of work is very unlike that of the landscape
plates referred to.
The American artist and portrait-painter, George
Cooke, was born in St. Mary Co., Md., March 11, 1793.
He studied art in Europe in 1826-30, and established
himself in New York on his return to this country. It is
not known that this man ever attempted to engrave; and
the plates signed by George Cooke as engraver are too
well done to be ascribed to any prentice hand.
55
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
COOKE, JOSEPH
In the “Pennsylvania Gazette,” Philadelphia, May 7,
1789, Joseph Cooke advertises himself as goldsmith, jew-
eler and hair-worker. He closes by announcing, “Church,
State or County Seals, Coats of Arms, &c. and all man-
ner of Engraving on steel, silver, gold or metal, executed
in the best manner and at the lowest prices.”
COPLEY, JOHN SINGLETON
Born in Boston, Mass., July 3, 1737; died in London,
Sept. 9, 1815. This famous American portrait-painter
was the stepson of the English portrait-painter and mez-
zotint engraver Peter Pelham, who died in Boston in
1751. On May 22, 1748, his first wife having died, Pel-
ham married Mary Singleton Copley, the widow of Rich-
ard Copley and the mother of the subject of this sketch.
John Singleton Copley doubtless received instructions
from his stepfather in both portrait-painting and in en-
graving. As evidence of the latter statement there exists
a small but creditably executed mezzotint plate of the —
Rev. Mr. William Welsteed, of Boston, in New Eng-
land. 'This plate is signed J. S. Copley pinat. et fecit.
William Welsteed died in 1753, and this plate was prob-
ably engraved about this date.
CORAM, T.
The signature T'. Coram Sc. is signed to a plate cover-
ing the entire back of a $70 bill of the State of South
Carolina, dated Feb. 8, 1779. The design is well drawn
and represents “Prometheus Bound,” but the engraving
is poorly executed in line.
56
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
Coram was living in Charleston, S. C., in 1802, as his
name, 7". Coram del, Charleston, is signed to an engrav-
ing of the arms of South Carolina used in the title of the
map of that State accompanying John Drayton’s “His-
tory of South Carolina.”
CROSS, A. B.
This engraver of landscape was a pupil of A. L. Dick
in 1840. He is said to have abandoned engraving early
in his life for some other business.
CROSS, P. F.
Born in Sheffield, England; died in Philadelphia in
1856. Cross was a die-sinker and served in that capacity
in the Mint of England before he came to Philadel-
phia, about 1845, and became an assistant to James B.
Longacre, chief engraver of the U. S. mint. Cross
engraved the obverse of the Ingraham medal, among
other work.
CUSHMAN, GEORGE H.
Born at Windham, Conn., June 5, 1814; died in
Jersey City, N. J., Aug. 3, 1876. Cushman was a pupil
of Asaph Willard, the Hartford engraver, and he be-
came an admirable line-engraver of landscape and book
illustrations. But he was chiefly known as a miniature
painter of high rank, though he did not do much work
professionally. He was also a fine water-colorist in
every department, these water-colors, like his minia-
tures, being remarkable for purity and simplicity of
character.
57
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
CUSHMAN, THOMAS H.
This clever engraver in line was working in New York
in 1840; but only two of his plates, a portrait of Jesse
Buel and a view of Lake George, have been found by the
compiler. He may have later engaged in bank-note work.
DAGGETT, ALFRED
This reputable line-engraver of portraits and bank-
note vignettes was the uncle and the first preceptor of
the American artist J. F. Kensett. Daggett was engray-
ing in New Haven, Conn., in 1835, and he was a member
of the engraving firms of Daggett & Ely and Daggett,
Hinman & Co. The work signed by these firm names,
however, is usually excuted in stipple.
DAINTY, S.
This man was engraving landscape in a mixed man-
ner, about 1840, in Philadelphia. John Dainty was a
copperplate printer in Philadelphia, working as early as
1817, and this S. Dainty may have been his son.
DANBY, J.
“Poulson’s Advertiser,” Philadelphia, May 29, 1822, —
contains the advertisement of “J. Danby, Engraver in
General, from London.” ‘This notice says that he en-
graves on “Gold, Silver, Copper, Brass, Wood, &c. in a
superiormanner’ ; but no signed work by Danby is known
to the compiler.
DANFORTH, MOSELY ISAAC
Born in Hartford, Conn., Dec. 7, 1800; died in New
York, Jan. 19, 1862. In 1818 Danforth was an appren-
58
2 -*
> ae me , ‘aS + of 6h Lh UP ee a
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
tice to Asaph Willard, of The Graphic Company, of
Hartford, and he became a meritorious line-engraver of
portraits and bank-note vignettes. He established him-
self in business in New Haven in 1821, but soon after re-
moved to New York. Danforth was one of the founders
of the Drawing Association of 1825, and of the National
Academy of Design in 1826.
Danforth went to London in 1827 and remained there
about ten years, and some of his largest and best plates
were engraved in that city. Uponhis return to New York
he became interested in bank-note engraving as a busi-
ness. He was a member of the firm of Danforth, Under-
wood & Co. about 1850; about 1858 this firm was merged
into the American Bank Note Co., and he was vice-presi-
dent of the latter company at the time of his death.
Mr. Danforth went abroad in 1827 to study art at the
Royal Academy in London; but he was chiefly successful
as a painter in water-colors; some of his sketches were
very popular and brought high prices.
DARBY, J.G.
This name, as engraver, is signed to a view of Niagara
Falls and to a map of the region about the Falls, both
published in Buffalo, N. Y., in 1838.
DARLEY, FELIX OCTAVIUS CARR
Born in Philadelphia, June 23, 1822; died at Clay-
mont, Del., March 27, 1888. He was the son of John
Darley, an actor of reputation who first appeared on the
American stage in Philadelphia in 1794, and died in that
city in 1858. F. O. C. Darley was placed in a mercantile
59
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
house at the age of fourteen; but he devoted his leisure
time to drawing. Some of his sketches finally attracted
attention, and he commenced his career as a popular and
prolific American illustrator.
Darley etched several series of his designs in outline;
notably those illustrating scenes from the works of Irving
and Cooper. These plates were published by the Amer-
ican Art Union about 1856.
DAVIES, CHARLES WILLIAM
Born at Whitesboro, N. Y., June 21, 1854; living in
1901. Davies learned to engrave upon copper and steel
in Utica, N. Y.; was in partnership with his preceptor
for two years, and then went into business for himself in
Syracuse, N. Y. He was burned out after a short time;
and after working at his business in various places, in
1881 he established himself in Minneapolis, Minn., as the
pioneer engraver of that city. No signed work of this en-
graver is known to the writer.
DAWES, H. M.
H. M. Dawes was a book-plate engraver, and was
probably a member of the Massachusetts family of that
name. He engraved a book-plate for Rev. Wm. Emer-
son (1769-1811), the father of Ralph Waldo Emerson.
Dawes must thus have been working prior to 1811.
DAWKINS, HENRY
Henry Dawkins was one of the earlier engravers in
the American Colonies, and in a document of record he
describes himself as an “engraver and silversmith.” He
60
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
was located in New York as early as 1754, when he en-
graved a book-plate for John Burnet, an attorney of that
city; and in 1755 Dawkins advertises in the “New York
Mercury” that he had Jeft Anthony Lamb, with whom
he had lately lived, and “has now set up his business op-
posite the Merchants Coffee House in New York, where
he engraves in all sorts of metal.” Dawkins then seems
to have gone to Philadelphia, as he was working with
James Turner in that city in 1758, and in 1761 he en-
graved the title-page and music for “Urania,” a music-
book published by James Lyon, A. B., in Philadelphia.
He remained in Philadelphia until 1774, when he re-
turned to New York.
According to the “American Archives,” edited by
Peter Force, Dawkins was arrested in May, 1776, some-
where in the vicinity of New York, and was charged with
engraving, printing and issuing counterfeit Continental,
Connecticut and Massachusetts paper money. He was
put into prison and in the trial ensuing he confessed that
he engraved the plates, but he implicated the Tory “Riv-
ington, the printer,” in the enterprise. It appeared from
the evidence that Dawkins had been previously impris-
oned in New York for a similar crime. On Oct. 19,1776,
he was still in jail; and on that date he petitioned the
Provincial Congress of New York for “the termination
of his sorrows by death, inflicted in what manner the
Honourable House may see fit.’’ This is the last heard
_of Dawkins and his ultimate fate is uncertain.
As an engraver Dawkins was chiefly occupied in the
production of book-plates, bill-heads, map ornamenta-
tion, etc. This work is executed in line and is fairly good.
61
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
His large plate of Nassau Hall, at Princeton, is probably
his best work; and his one known portrait plate is that of
Benjamin Lay, an eccentric Quaker of Philadelphia.
The latter plate is atrociously drawn and poorly engraved.
Thomas Westcott, in his “History of Philadelphia,”
assigns to Dawkins the engraving of several large and
unsigned plates caricaturing events in the political his-
tory of Philadelphia in 1764. Westcott gives no author-
ity for his statement; but Dawkins was located in Phila-
delphia at that time, and the work is poor enough, and it
is possible that he engraved them. |
The following advertisement from the “Pennsylvania
Journal,” July 19, 1758, is interesting as throwing some
light on the range of Dawkins’ work as an engraver:
“Henry Dawkins. Engraver from London. Who
lately wrought with Mr. James Turner; having now, en-
tered into business for himself, next door to the sign of
Admiral Boscawen’s head; in Arch-Street; where he en-
graves all sorts of maps, Shop-keepers bills, bills of par-
cels, coats of arms for gentlemen’s books, coats of arms,
cyphers and other devices on Plate; likewise seals and
mourning rings cut after the neatest manner and at the
most reasonable rates.
N. B. Those Gentlemen who please to favor me with
their custom may leben upon having their work done
neatly and with dispatch.’
DEARBORN, NATHANIEL
Born in New England, 1786; died in South Reading,
Mass., Nov. 7, 1852. Nathaniel was the son of Benjamin
Dearborn, a man of some scientific attainments. At an
62
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BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
early age he was apprenticed to Abel Bowen, in Boston,
to learn wood-engraving; and in 1814 Dearborn was in
business for himself as an engraver on wood, with an of-
fice on School Street, Boston. He also engraved upon
copper, in the stipple manner, a few portraits and views,
of little merit.
In the “Daily Columbian Centinel,” Boston, Dec. 15,
1880, Dearborn advertises that he teaches the flute, “‘after
his new and original system’’; but he adds to the foot of
this notice, “Engravings on Wood, Brass and Copper, and
Perspective Drawings for Patents, as usual.” In April,
1881, in the same paper, he announces “that orders for
printing from Copper-plates will be faithfully attended
to at No. 6 State-street,”’ where he had installed “a beau-
tiful new improved Press, with metallic cylinders.”
Dearborn also published several books: among them
“The American Text-Book for making Letters”; “Bos-
ton Notions” (1848); “Reminiscences of Boston and a
Guide through the City and its Environs” (1851) ; and a
“Guide through Mount Auburn.”
DEELEY, C.
All that is known to the writer of this man is that he
engraved in line a fairly well-executed plate showing
“The New Hampshire Granite Ledge, at Concord, N.
H.” The plate is signed C. Deeley Sc. Boston. The ap-
parent date is about 1835—40.
DELANEY, J. E.
This man was a line-engraver of portraits and land-
scape, working for the magazines about 1850.
63
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
DELLEKER, GEORGE
With the profession of “engraver” appended, this
name appears in the Philadelphia directories for 1817
—24, inclusive. He was possibly engraving in that city
earlier than the first-named date, as we find portraits of
naval heroes of the War of 1812 executed by him, and
evidently intended for popular distribution. He was later
associated with the engraver G. H. Young, under the
firm name of Delleker & Young, in the general engrav-
ing business in Philadelphia.
DELNOCH, LUIGI
Born in Italy; died in New York about 1888. Delnoce
was an admirable engraver of book illustrations, appear-
ing in New York publications of 1855-60; but he was
chiefly engaged in bank-note work.
DEWING, FRANCIS
A Boston newspaper heralds the arrival of this early
American engraver in New England as follows: “Bos-
ton, July 30th, 1716. Lately arrived from London,
Francis Dewing, who Engraveth and Printeth Copper
Plates. Likewise Coats of Arms and Cyphers on Silver
Plate. He likewise Cuts neatly in wood and Printeth
Callicoes.”
The latter accomplishment probably refers to the hand
printing of calicoes from wood blocks, a method still in
use a century ago. In 1722, Dewing engraved and
printed a large map of “The Town of Boston in New
England, By John Bonner, 1722, Aetatis Suae 60.” The
plate is signed as Engraven and Printed by Fra. Dewing
64
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
Boston N. E. 1722. Sold by Capt. John Bonner and
Will'm Price against ye Town House where may be had
all sorts of Prints, Mapps etc. This map is fairly well
engraved for a plate of the kind and period: it was re-
published with alterations in 1739, 1743 and 1769 and
was reéngraved in facsimile in 1835, by George Girdler
Smith, a Boston engraver. No original impression of
Dewing’s plate has been seen by the writer.
DICK, ALEXANDER L.
Born in Scotland about 1805. Dick was a pupil of,
Robert Scott, areputable engraver of Edinburgh; hecame
to the United States in 1833 and in time he established
an extensive engraving business in New York City.
While Dick doubtless did some engraving himself, he
was the employer of many engravers; and as all plates
issuing from his place bore his name, it is piscaceilye im-
possible to identify his individual work.
A. L. Dick was the father of James T. Dick, the
American artist, born in New York in 18384, and who
died in Brooklyn, Jan. 19, 1868.
DODSON, RICHARD W.
Born at Cambridge, Md., Feb. 5, 1812; died at Cape
May, N. J., July 23, 1867. Dodson was an excellent line-
engraver of portraits and book illustrations. He was a
pupil of the Philadelphia engraver James B. Longacre,
and he made some of the best portraits in the National
Portrait Gallery, published by Longacre & Herring.
Dodson is said to have abandoned engraving for another
business in 1845.
65
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
DONEY, T.
This capital engraver of portraits in mezzotint came
to Canada from France; and after working for some
time in [llinois and Ohio, he established himself in busi-
ness in New York about 1845. Doney engraved a num-
ber of meritorious portrait plates for the “Democratic
Review” and other New York and ee ae peri-
odicals.
DOOLITTLE, AMOS
Born in Cheshire, Conn., in 1754; died at New Haven,
Conn., Jan. 31, 1832. Originally an apprentice to a silver-
smith, Doolittle early learned to engrave upon metal. In
1775 he joined the Revolutionary army at Cambridge
and served through that campaign. His artist friend
Ralph Earle made some rather curious drawings of
the engagement at Lexington and Concord; and these
Doolittle engraved on copper and published in New
Haven in 1775. They are very roughly engraved, but
interesting historically and highly prized. Barber, in
his “History and Antiquities of New Haven,” gives a
copy of the original advertisement of these plates, as
follows:
“This day published, and to be sold at the store of
James Lockwood, near the College, in New Haven,
four different views of the Battle of Lexington, Con-
cord, etc., on the 19th of April, 1775.
“Plate I. The Battle of Lexington.
“Plate II. A view of the town of Concord, with the
Ministerial troops destroying the stores.
“Plate III. The Battle of North Bridge, in Concord.
66
ee aes ets
my r £
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
“Plate LV. The South part of Lexington, where the
first detachments were joined by Lord
Percy.
“The above plates are neatly engraved on copper from
original paintings taken on the spot. Price, six shillings
per set for the plain ones; or eight shillings coloured.
“December 13th, 1775.”
Doolittle engraved a considerable number of portraits,
views, Bible illustrations, book-plates, etc., all executed
in line, and including a small view of the Battle of Lex-
ington done very late in his life in connection with Mr.
Barber. His work, at the best, possesses little other than
historical interest.
Mr. Barber credits Doolittle with engraving the first
historical plates donein America. Mr. Barber overlooked
Paul Revere’s plate of the Boston Massacre, published in
1770; and Romans’ “Exact View of the Late Battle at
Charleston” was published in Philadelphia in Septem-
ber, 1775, or about three months before the appearance
of Doolittle’s views of Lexington and Concord. |
DOOLITTLE, SAMUEL
A “Goodwin” book-plate, signed S. D. Sct. 1804, 1s
assigned to this name in the descriptive catalogue of the
late exhibition of early American engravings held under
the auspices of the Museum of Fine Arts, in Boston.
DOOLITTLE & MUNSON
This firm was engraving portraits, bank-notes, etc., in
1842, in Cincinnati, O. The second member of this firm
may have been S. B. Munson, living earlier in New
67
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
Haven. Some good line work of about this period, signed
A. Doolittle Sc., may be the work of the first member of
this firm. The work referred to is too well done to have
been engraved by Amos Doolittle, of New Haven, and
this latter Amos died in 1882.
A view of the engraving establishment of Doolittle &
Munson is to be found in a work entitled “Cincinnati in
1842,” published in that city. The sign shown calls them
bank-note engravers.
DORSEY, JOHN SYNG
Born in Philadelphia, Dec. 23, 1783; died there Nov.
12, 1818. This eminent American surgeon published, in
1813, his “Elements of Surgery,” “with plates by John
Syng Dorsey, M.D.” These plates are etched and some-
times finished in stipple; they are excellently done. Dr.
Dorsey also etched several good book-plates.
DOTY & JONES |
This firm, about 1880, was engraving portraits in
stipple.
DOUGAL, W. H. |
Born in New Haven, Conn., about 1808; was living in
Washington, D. C., in 1853. Mr. Alfred Jones says that
his name was originally Macdougal,and he was so known
for a time; but for some reason he later dropped the
“Mac.” He was a good engraver of landscape and por-
traits, the latter being executed in a mixed manner. In
1853 he was in the employ of the U.S. Treasury Depart-
ment at Washington, D. C.
68
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
DRAPER, JOHN
The directories of Philadelphia contain the name of
“John Draper, engraver,” continuously from 1801 to
1845. Dunlap says that Draper was an apprentice with
Robert Scot, of Philadelphia, and was living in 1833.
Draper was engraving for Dobson’s edition of Rees’ En-
cyclopedia in 1794—1803; and in 1810 he was a member
of the bank-note engraving firm of Murray, Draper,
Fairman & Co. On the death of George Murray in 1823
this firm became Fairman, Draper, Underwood & Co.
and was in existence in 1829. In 1835 the firm of Draper,
Underwood, Bald & Spencer was engraving bank-
notes in Philadelphia and New York; and in 1838,
Draper, Tappan, Longacre & Co. had similar estab-
lishments in these cities. That there was a younger
Draper, is shown by the existence, as late as 1860, of the
bank-note engraving firms of Draper & Co. and Draper,
Welsh & Co., both working in Philadelphia. Aside
from the encyclopedia work referred to, no plates
have been found signed by John Draper alone as en-
graver.
DRAYTON, J.
Drayton was an engraver of landscape in aquatint and
an expert print colorist. At least as early as 1820 he was
working in Philadelphia. He was later employed for
some years as a draftsman in one of the Government de-
partments in Washington. Drayton engraved a few
book illustrations in line.
J. Drayton was the father of Henri Drayton, an oper-
atic singer of some reputation. !
69
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
DRESHER, A.
Dresher was a landscape engraver of little merit, work-
ing in New York about 1860.
DUDENSING, R.
This good engraver of portraits and landscape, in stip-
ple and in line, came to the United States from Germany
about 1857. About 1880 he established a book publish-
ing house in New York, which is still in existence. He
died in 1899 during a visit to the old home in Germany.
DUFFIELD, EDWARD
Edward Duffield was a clock- and watch-maker of
Philadelphia, and he was also a die-sinker and engraver
of medals. He engraved the silver medal presented to
Col. John Armstrong, in 1756, as a memorial of the de-
struction of the Indian village of Kittanning by Arm-
strong; and he made the dies for the medals prepared in
1762 for distribution among the Indians by The Friendly
Association for the Preservation of Peace among the In-
dians. The dies for this latter medal cost £15; they were
cut upon punches fixed in a socket, and the impression
was made by the stroke of a sledge-hammer.
DUNLAP, WILLIAM
Born in Perth Amboy, N. J., in 1766; died in New
York City, Sept. 28, 1839. Dunlap, in 1784, studied art
with Benjamin West in London; on his return to the
United States he became interested in the drama, wrote
several plays and was for a time manager of the Park
70
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BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
Theater, in New York. He later resumed painting and
was the author of a number of works on history and the
drama.
In his “History of the Rise and Progress of the Art of
Design in the United States,” Dunlap says that he was
taught the theory and practice of engraving by Peter R.
Maverick in New York. He further tells us that in Mav-
erick’s shop he engraved a frontispiece for ‘‘a dramatic
trifle’ published in New York in 1787 or 1788. This note
possibly refers to an octavo stipple portrait of the actor
Wignell, the only known example of which is in the print
collection of the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston. This
print is very cleverly done, and is inscribed Mr. Wig nell
| in the character of Darby. | Wm. Dunlap del. et fec’. |
DUNNKEL, E. G. |
E. G. Dunnel was a student in the National Academy
of Design, in New York, in 1887; and in that year he
secured the third prize for drawing. He became a good
engraver of landscape and book illustrations; and in
1847 he was in the employ of Rawdon, Wright & Hatch,
an engraving firm of New York. Soon after this
latter date he is said to have abandoned engraving for
the pulpit.
DUNNEL, WILLIAM N.
This clever engraver in line and stipple was one of the
many pupils of A. L. Dick, of New York. Dunnel was
engraving for the magazines about 1845; but he con-
tracted bad habits and disappeared.
71
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS.
DURAND, ASHER BROWN
Born in Jefferson, N. J., Aug. 21, 1796; died in South
Orange, N. J., Sept. 17, 1886. Durand’s father was a
watchmaker and in his father’s shop he acquired some
knowledge of the elementary processes of engraving. In
1812 he was apprenticed to the engraver Peter Maverick,
and in 1817 he became a partner of his preceptor, under
the firm name of Maverick & Durand. The reputation of
Asher B. Durand as an engraver in pure line was estab-
lished by his large plate of the “Declaration of Indepen-
dence,” after the painting by John ‘Trumbull. His “Mu-
sidora,” engraved in 1825, was also one of his important
plates of this period; and his portrait work has never
been surpassed in excellence by an American engraver.
For a time he was interested in the business of bank-note
engraving; in 1825, in connection with his brother Cyrus
Durand, and in the same year he was a member of the
firm of Durand, Perkins & Co.
About 1836, A. B. Durand abandoned engraving for
the brush and palette, and he soon became as famous as a
painter of landscape as he had been as an engraver; and
to this branch of art he devoted the remainder of his life.
In 1895 the Grolier Club, of New York, published a
very full check-list of the engraved work of Asher B.
Durand.
DURAND, CYRUS
Born in Jefferson, N. J., Feb. 27, 1787; died at Ir-
vington, N. J., Sept. 18, 1868; he was the elder brother
of Asher B. Durand. In 1814 Cyrus Durand was in
business as a silversmith in Newark, N. J. But he was a
12
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
most ingenious mechanic, and among his earlier inven-
tions was a machine constructed for Peter Maverick, then
of Newark, for ruling straight and wavy lines in connec-
tion with bank-note work. ‘This was the first of a long
series of improvements and inventions intended for use in
the production of bank-notes; and Cyrus Durand is cred-
ited with having made the first American geometrical
lathe.
Though not an engraver himself, Cyrus Durand de-
voted his life to the invention and perfection of machinery
used in bank-note work; and his services were so impor-
tant in this connection that his name can not be omitted
from the present record. |
DURAND, JOHN
Two well-engraved vignettes on the title-pages of the
works of William Cowper and 'Thomas Gray, published
in New York by R. & W. A. Bartow, but undated, are
signed Engraved by J. Durand.
In answer to a query, Mr. John Durand, of Nice,
Italy, and son of Asher B. Durand, writes that these
vignettes were engraved by John Durand, a younger
brother of A. B. Durand, who died about 1820, aged
twenty-eight years. Mr. Durand says that his father
always maintained that his brother John was the
most talented member of the family at the time of
his death.
DURAND, THEODORE
Durand was a script engraver, working in New York
in 1835.
73
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
DURAND, WILLIAM
This nephew of A. B. Durand was a man of very con-
siderable mechanical ability. He was engraving for
bank-note companies in New York in 1850.
DUTHIE, JAMES
Born in England and was there taught to engrave.
Duthie was engraving book illustrations on steel in New
York in 1850-55. Some of his best line work appears in
the illustrations in an edition of Cooper’s works, pub-
lished in New York in 1860.
EARLE, J.
All that is known of this man is that he was engraving
portraits in Philadelphia in 1876, in connection with
James R. Rice.
ECKSTEIN, JOHN
John Eckstein was a portrait-painter, a modeler in
clay, and an engraver of portraits executed in a somewhat
curious stipple manner. In the proposals for publishing
his engraving of a “Representation of a Monument of
General Washington” (“Poulson’s Advertiser,” Phila-
delphia, Feb. 19, 1806), he is referred to as “Formerly
historical painter and statuary to the King of Prussia.”
His name appears in the Philadelphia directories of
1796-97 as “limner and statuary,” and again in 1805
—06; from 1811 to 1816 his occupation is given as “en-
graver,’ and at intervals in this period he appears as “a
merchant.” He was painting and engraving as late as
1822.
74
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES |
Eckstein’s few portrait plates are inscribed as “Painted
and Engraved by John Eckstein’; and they are executed
in a combination of stipple and roulette work, hard in
effect. In 1806 he modeled a statue of Washington fora
proposed monument; and in the same year he issued pro-
posals for, and engraved for the Society of the Cincin-
natus, the plate noted above. In 1809 he engraved illus-
trations for an edition of Freneau’s poems, published by
Lydia R. Bailey, of Philadelphia.
This engraver, though a German, should not be con-
founded with Johannes Eckstein, a German portrait-
painter and excellent engraver in mezzotint, who died in
London in 1798.
EDDY, ISAAC
Several exceedingly crude line-engravings of Bible
subjects are signed Isaac Eddy, Sculp’t W eathersfield,
Vt. These plates were published by Merifield & Coch-
ran, of Windsor, in 1812, for the “First Vermont Edi-
tion” of a Bible.
EDDY, JAMES
"This reputable engraver of portraits in stipple was
working in both Boston and New York in 1827. He
seems to have established himself in New York about
this time, as he was employed by book publishers of
that city for some years thereafter. Eddy was engrav-
ing portraits on steel in 1830, and some of these steel
plates are signed as Engraved at Pendleton’s, indica-
ting that he was then in the employ of this Boston pub-
lisher. |
75
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
EDWARDS, S. ARENT
Born in 1862 in Somersetshire, England; living in
New York in 1906. Mr. Edwards was a student at the
Kensington Art School in 1877—81, and was then taught
to engrave in mezzotint by Appleton, Josey & Alais, of
London. He first exhibited examples of his engraving in
the Royal Academy in 1885.
In 1890 Mr. Edwards came to the United States and
established himself in New York; and made book illus-
trations, portraits, and subject plates. He has very suc-
cessfully revived the art of printing in colors from mezzo-
tint plates, and has deservedly achieved a reputation.
His color plates are issued absolutely without “retouch,”
or without touching up with water-colors, as is too usual
in prints of this description.
EDWIN, DAVID
Born in Bath, England, December, 1776; died in Phil-
adelphia, Feb. 22, 1841. David Edwin was the son of
John Edwin, an English comedian of some fame, and
Mrs. Walmsley, a milliner of Bath. He was apprenticed.
to C. Jossi, a Dutch engraver then working in London,
and he accompanied his master to Holland in 1796. Dis-
agreeing with Jossi, Edwin left him, shipped as a sailor
on board a vessel bound for Philadelphia, and landed in
that city in December, 1797.
In Philadelphia Edwin found employment with the
book publisher T. B. Freeman; and he was then for a
time in the employ of Kdward Savage. The first engrav-
ing made by Edwin in this country is said to have been
76
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
the frontispiece to a selection of Scottish airs collected by
Benjamin Carr.
But Edwin’s marked ability as an engraver of por-
traits in the stipple manner soon gained him abundant
independent employment, and he became the most popu-
lar and prolific engraver of portraits in the United
States. |
In 1830 impaired health and failing sight compelled
Edwin to abandon engraving. He was then employed for
several years as a clerk in the auction rooms of his old
friend Mr. 'T. B. Freeman; he was next assistant treas-
urer at the Chestnut Street Theater, and later opened a
small grocery store. In 1835 he was made treasurer of
the newly organized Artists’ Fund Society, of Philadel-
phia; and having fallen heir to a small legacy about the
same time, he was enabled to pass his remaining years in
comfort.
The first check-list of the engraved work of David Kd-
win was compiled by the late Charles R. Hildeburn, and
published in the “Pennsylvania Magazine of History
and Biography,” in April, 1894. In 1905, Mr. Mantle
Fielding, of Philadelphia, privately printed a “Cata-
logue of the Engraved Work of David Edwin,” which is
the most complete list yet issued, including a number of
plates and states not described by Mr. Hildebrand.
ELLIS, EDWIN M.
This engraver of portraits and landscape, working
both in stipple and in line, was in business in Philadel-
phia in 1844.
77
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
ELLIS, GEORGE B.
In 1821 Ellis was a pupil of the Philadelphia engraver —
Francis Kearny; and in 1825-87, inclusive, he was in
business for himself in the same city. His name disap-
pears from the Philadelphia directories in 1888.
George B. Ellis first attracted attention as an en-
graver by his excellent copies of English engravings,
made by him for an edition of Ivanhoe. He produced
some very good portraits; but his best work is found
among his small Annual plates.
ELLIS, W. H.
W. H. Ellis was a good line-engraver of landscape
and book illustrations. His work appears in Philadelphia
publications of 1845-47.
ELY, A.
Ely engraved the script title-page, the music, and a
curious “musical” vignette for “The Songster’s Assist-
ant, etc., By T. Swan, Suffield, Conn. Printed by Swan
and Ely.” The work is undated, but seemingly belongs
to the first decade of the last century. ‘The only copy
known is in the Watkinson Library, of Hartford, Conn. ;
and for this item the compiler is indebted to the courtesy
of Mr. A.C. Bates, of the Connecticut Historical Society.
EMMES, THOMAS
The earliest known attempt of a portrait engraved
upon copper by an American engraver, is the work of
Thomas Emmes, of Boston. This is a portrait of the
Rev. Increase Mather, and appears as a frontispiece to
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“The Blessed Hope, etc.,’ published in Boston, New
England, in 1701 by Timothy Green for Nicholas Boone.
The plate itself is a very rough attempt at a copy of a
London portrait engraved either by Sturt or by Robert
White, and is little more than scratched upon the copper
in nearly straight lines; it has a strongly cross-hatched
background. The plate is signed Tho*. Emmes. Sculp.
Sold by Nicholas Boone 1701.
In the Boston Public Library there are two copies of a
work entitled “Ichabod, or, A Discourse showing what
Cause there is to Fear that the Glory of the Lord, is de-
parting from New-England,” published in Boston in
1702. Each copy contains the Emmes portrait of Dr.
Mather. But one plate, dated in 1701,has no background
at all; and the other, published in 1702, shows the back-
ground; in other words, there are two states of the orig-
inal plate of 1701, one with and the other without a back-
ground. That a seemingly earlier impression of a plate
should appear in a later imprint can only be explained by
assuming that the plate without a background was en-
graved for “The Blessed Hope” and a number of im-
pressions were struck off; but, believing that a back-
ground would improve the print, one was put in and
these later impressions were used, as stated, in 1701.
Then, when the “Ichabod” was printed in 1702, some of
these rejected first impressions were used in that book.
Quoting Savage’s “Genealogical Dictionary,” Dr.
Samuel A. Green, of the Massachusetts Historical So-
ciety, suggests that the engraver Thomas EKmmes was
possibly the eldest child of Thomas and Mary (Paddle-
ford) Eames, of Cambridge, who was baptized July 12,
79
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
f
1663. But Mr. Wilberforce Eames, of the New York
Public Library, says that this could not be, as the Thomas
Eames referred to by Dr. Green was killed by Indians in
1675. -
ENGELMANN, C.F.
An elaborate, curiously designed, and crudely engraved
Birth and Baptismal Certificate, published about 1814,
is signed E'ng’d and sold by C. F. Engelmann on Penns-
mount near Reading (Pennsylvania). The design fol-
lows closely similar work emanating from the community
of Seventh Day Baptists, at Ephrata, Lancaster Co.,
Pa., which is in the vicinity of Reading.
ENTZING-MILLER, T. M.
This man was a designer for engravers, and an en-
graver of portraits in line. He did good work and was
located in Philadelphia and in New York in 1850-55.
EXILIOUS, JOHN G.
This reputable line-engraver of landscape and build-
ings was working in Philadelphia in 1810-14. He was,
in 1810, one of the founders of the Society of Artists, in
Philadelphia, but nothing more is known about him. His
largest and best plate is a view of the Pennsylvania hos-
pital, engraved in 1814 after his own drawing.
FAIRCHILD, LOUIS |
Born in Farmington, Conn., in 1800; was living in
New York in 1840. Fairchild learned to engrave with
Asaph Willard, in New Haven, and became an etcher
80
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
and line-engraver of landscape. He also painted por-
traits in miniature and is said to have excelled in that
branch of art, though he did little work as a painter.
FAIRMAN, DAVID
A brother of Gideon Firman, is mentioned as an en-
graver, though none of his work has been found. David
was born in 1782 and died in Philadelphia on Aug. 19,
1815. His obituary refers to him as “a respectable
Artist.”
FAIRMAN, GIDEON
Bornin Newtown, Fairfield Co., Conn., June 26,1774;
died in Philadelphia, April 18, 1827. Fairman was an
_ apprentice with a mechanic in his native village, but he
was later sent to Isaac and George Hutton, of Albany,
N. Y., to learn silver-plate engraving. In 1796 he com-
menced business for himself in Albany as an engraver;
and in 1810 he removed to Philadelphia and became a
member of the bank-note engraving firm of Murray,
Draper, Fairman & Co. But at the same time he de-
signed for engravers and engraved in line in his own
name.
In 1818, Fairman accompanied Jacob Perkins and
Asa Spencer to London, to compete for a liberal prize of-
fered for a means of preventing the forgery of bank-notes.
The Americans submitted a method of “engine-turning,”’
and while they failed to secure the first prize they re-
ceived a considerable sum in recognition of the excellence
of their work. Fairman and Perkins then entered into
partnership with the English engraver Charles Heath,
$1
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
and published prints made by the “Patent hardened steel
process.” Fairman returned to Philadelphia after a short
time and was a partner of Cephas G. Childs in 1824, and
in 1826 he was a member of the firm of Fairman, Draper,
Underwood & Co. He is said to have been a colonel of
militia in the war of 1812.
FAIRMAN, RICHARD |
Born in 1788; died in Philadelphia in December, 1821.
Mr. C. Gobrecht says that Richard was a brother of Gid-
eon Fairman, and in 1820 he was working in the estab-
lishment of the latter engraver. He was engraving sub-
ject plates in line in Philadelphia as early as 1812.
FARMER, JOHN
Born in Half Moon, Saratoga Co., N. Y., Feb. 9,
1798; died in Detroit, Mich., March 24, 1859. Farmer |
was educated near Albany, N. Y., and taught school in
that city. In 1821 he removed to Michigan, became a
surveyor, and drew the first published map of Michigan.
He afterward published a number of maps of Michigan,
Wisconsin, Lake Superior, Detroit, etc. It is stated that
he engraved the most of these maps himself. John
Farmer held many important city offices in Detroit.
FELCH, ——
This name is signed to some poorly executed landscape
work published in 1855, with no indication of place.
FETERS or PETERS, W. T.
A crudely engraved stippled portrait of the Rev. John
Davenport, of Connecticut, is signed “W. T. Feters,”
| 82
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
though this may be a mistake of the letter-engraver for
Peters. The plate has no indication of its origin; and the
only reasons for ascribing it to an American are the poor
quality of the work and the fact that the subject is Ameri-
can. The date of publication is probably about 1820.
FIELD, ROBERT
Robert Field, portrait-painter and engraver, is said to
have been born in Gloucester, England; and a Halifax
newspaper records the item that “Robert Field, Esq., an
eminent artist, very much regretted, died at Jamaica, on
August 9th, 1819.”
William Dunlap says that Field came to New York
about 1793, and was a handsome, stout, gentlemanly
man, and a favorite with gentlemen. He tells little else,
other than that he went to Halifax, after painting very
good miniatures in Boston, Philadelphia, Baltimore, and
New York.
Field was in Philadelphia in January, 1795; and on
August 1 of the same year he published his portrait of
Washington in New York City. While in the United
States he engraved in stipple, and in a pleasing manner,
portraits of Washington, Jefferson, Hamilton, and
Shakespeare ; but he was chiefly occupied in painting
miniatures. Among the latter may be mentioned Wash-
ington and Jefferson, after Stuart, and Charles Carroll
of Carrollton—both of the latter engraved by Longacre
—and William Cliffton and J. EK. Harwood, engraved
by Edwin. Dunlap mentions his portraits of Mrs. Allen,
of Boston, and Mrs. Thornton, of Washington, D. C.
About 1808 Robert Field removed to Halifax, Nova
83
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
Scotia, and he seemingly remained there until 1816,
painting portraits; and he there engraved at least one
large plate, a full-length portrait of Governor-General
Sir John Coape Sherbrooke, published in Halifax in
1816. He painted this portrait, and those of Governor
Sir George Prevost and Governor Sir John Wentworth,
for the Government House in Halifax. The portrait of
Governor Prevost was engraved by S. W. Reynolds, and
published in London in 1818, but without any credit to
the artist.
Mr. Harry Peirs, curator of the Provincial Museum
of Halifax, writes that in addition to those mentioned
there are a number of Field’s portraits in that city, all
showing decided ability. He notes the portrait of Bishop
Charles Ingles, now in the National Gallery in London;
and portraits of Adam Dechezeau, John Lawson, Mi-
chael W allace, and William Bowie, all citizens of Halifax.
One brief published biography says that Robert Field
“went to Canada, studied theology and later became
prominent in the Episcopal Church.” ‘This is evidently
an error, as the most diligent search of the official church
records shows that there was no Robert Field among the
Episcopalian clergymen of that country. The evidence
is that he was painting portraits practically up to the
time of his death. He probably returned to England for
a short period; as Algernon Graves, in his “Dictionary
of Artists,” mentions R. Field as “a portrait painter of
Halifax, N.S.,” who exhibited at the Royal Academy in
London in 1818. He probably went from London to
Jamaica, and died there, as stated, in 1819.
An interesting letter of Robert Field is preserved
84
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
among the “Dreer Manuscripts” in the Pennsylvania
Historical Society. It is addressed to Robert Gilmor,
Jr., of Baltimore, and is dated in Philadelphia, Jan. 18,
1795. In this letter Field refers to the Robertson portrait
of Washington which he afterward engraved. He says
that “this miniature of the President is as good a likeness
and as fine a piece of painting as I ever saw”; and goes
on to say that he had engaged to engrave it of the same
size “with some ornaments to surround and make it more
interesting.” But as Mr. Robertson intended te go to
India, he declined the large plate and proposed to sell
the miniature to Field for $1000. Field thought this
price extravagant; though he adds that “it might be
worth while even on those terms, if in my power.” On
what terms he finally succeeded in getting the portrait to
engrave, is not stated.
Field notes that he already had plenty to do in Phila-
delphia, where he says he was “making a figure” in the
Academy of Arts and Sciences lately established in that
city. He hoped to succeed Robertson as a miniature
painter.
FITCH, JOHN
Born in South Windsor, Conn., Jan. 21, 1743; died in
Bardstown, Ky., in June or July, 1798. John Fitch, the
inventor of the steamboat, received a common school edu-
cation and was apprenticed to a clock-maker at an early
age. For some time he followed this business, combining
with it the manufacture and engraving of brass and sil-
ver buttons. After some service in the Revolution as a
85
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
gunsmith, in 1780, he was appointed a deputy-surveyor
by the State of Virginia and made extensive surveys in
Kentucky. He was a prisoner among the Indians in
1782-83. ;
In 1785 Fitch made a map of the northwest country for
the use of explorers, basing his work upon the maps of
Hutchins and Morrow and his own explorations. ‘This
map he crudely engraved upon copper hammered out
and prepared by himself; and he printed the maps upon
a press of his own manufacture. According to his adver-
tisement in the “Pennsylvania Packet” of June 30, 1785,
Fitch sold this map for “a French crown’; and he ap-
parently disposed of a considerable number of impres-
sions, as his biographers state that with $800 thus raised
he formed a steamboat company in 1787 and commenced
building a 60-ton boat. ‘The remainder of the career of
this unfortunate and unappreciated inventor is too well
known to need further mention in this place.
FOLWELL, SAMUEL
Born about 1765; died in Philadelphia, Nov. 26, 1813.
Folwell probably came from New England, as he en-
graved book-plates in 1792 for residents of New Hamp-
shire. In 1798 he came to Philadelphia as a miniature
painter, a cutter of silhouettes, and a “worker in hair” ;
he also conducted a school in that city for a time. Very
few examples of the engraved work of Folwell have been
seen; and his two portraits are executed in a combination
of aquatint and stipple which is rather pleasing in effect,
though showing an unpractised hand.
86
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BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
FORREST, ION B.
Born in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, about 1814; died in
Hudson Co., N. J., in 1870. Forest was an apprentice |
to the London engraver 'Thomas Fry, and he remained
in the employ of Fry until he was induced, in 1837, to
come to Philadelphia to engrave for the National Por-
trait Gallery. In 1842 Forrest removed to New York
and was there employed by the Putnams and other pub-
lishers. He later turned his attention to miniature paint-
ing.
Forrest was a good engraver of portraits in the stipple
manner; but some of his best work is found in the form
of small fancy heads and vignettes.
FOSSETTE, H.
Was an engraver of landscape, working in New York
about 1850, after drawings by A. Dick.
FOSTER, C.
Was a designer and bank-note engraver located in
Cincinnati, O., in 1841.
FOSTER, JOHN
Baptized in Dorchester, Mass., Dec. 18, 1648; died in
Boston, Sept. 9, 1681. In 1667 Foster was graduated
from Harvard College; in 1669 he was teaching school in
Dorchester; and in 1675 he established the first printing
office in Boston, New England.
From all the evidence available, Foster was the first
engraver of a portrait in this country of whom we have
87
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
any record. This is a wood-block portrait of the Rev.
Richard Mather; and one of the three known impressions
has written upon it, in an almost contemporaneous hand,
Johannes Foster, sculpsit. 'This particular impression
was found by Mr. Wilberforce Eames, of the New York
Public Library, as the frontispiece to a life of Richard
Mather published in Cambridge, New England,in 1670;
in 1702 it was bound up with several tracts by the then
owner, and the supposition is that he wrote the inscrip-
tion noted above. Another copy of this portrait, framed,
is in the possession of the Massachusetts Historical So-
ciety. It has the name of Richard Mather printed upon
it in type, but has no indication of the engraver.
Dr. Samuel A. Green, of the Massachusetts Historical
Society, has made a close study of Foster as the possible
engraver of this portrait; and from his contribution to
the society proceedings on this head, and from mforma-
tion given personally, we have the following confirmatory
evidence:
In 1671, the Indian apostle, John Eliot, refers to
Foster, in a letter, as having engraved an A. B. C. book
for the use of the Indians; no copy of this book is known
to exist, but among the published books of Eliot note is
made of “The Logic Primer for the use of the Indians,”
1672. Blake’s “Annals of Dorchester” (Boston, 1846)
says, under date of 1681: “This year died Mr. John
Foster, son of Capt. Hopestill Foster, Schoolmaster of
Dorchester and he that made the then seal of the Arms of
ye Colony, namely an Indian with a Bow & Arrow.” Dr.
Green thinks that this note refers to a rude woodcut seal
of arms found in Increase Mather’s “Brief History of
88
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
the War with the Indians in New England,” printed by
Foster a few months before the appearance of Hubbard’s
narrative, also printed by Foster, in Boston in 1677. In
his funeral oration, delivered by his friend Thomas Tiles-
ton, John Foster is referred to as “a cunning Artist’; and
in the inventory of his estate, dated Oct. 5, 1681, mention
is made of “carving tools’ and “cuts and coollors,” the
latter possibly referring to printers’ ink.
Foster is also credited with having engraved the rude
woodcut map of New England issued with Rev. W. Hub-
bard’s narrative of the troubles with the Indians in New
England, published by John Foster in Boston in 1677.
This map has been the subject of much controversy, as
there are two distinct woodcuts of it differing widely in
detail and especially in the spelling of local names. On
this account one is known as the “White Hills” and the
other as the “Wine Hills” map; the contention of the one
party is that no New Englander could have made such
glaring and numerous errors in spelling the names of —
well-known New England localities as appear in the
“Wine Hill” map, and that this map must have been
made abroad. As it is somewhat better executed than the
other, this is possible, but the evidence already quoted
points to Foster as the engraver of the “White Hill” map,
in which names are correctly spelled.
From later notes on John Foster, contributed by Dr.
Green, the following additional matter is taken: A letter
of Wait Winthrop, of June 22, 1680, to his brother John
Winthrop, at New London, Conn., says: “I have sent
you a map of the towne, with Charlestowne, taken by
M’. Foster, the printer, from Noodles Island. ‘T'was sent
3 39
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
for Amsterdam and y* printed.” ‘This was probably a
view of the two towns, but no such engraving is known.
After teaching school in Dorchester, Foster established
his printing office in Boston in 1675. His place of busi-
ness was “over against the Sign of the Dove” on the
south side of Boylston Street, somewhere between W ash-
ington and Tremont streets. Foster was buried in the
burying ground in Dorchester, and in his will he provided
for the erection of “a pair of handsome Gravestones.”
These stones still exist; that at the head is elaborately
chiseled and contains a Latin couplet written by Increase
Mather. In this couplet Foster is referred to as studying
the stars, he having been the author of six almanacs.
FOW LE, E. A.
This man was a landscape engraver, working in line
in Boston in 1843, and in New York a little later.
FOX, GILBERT
According to Wm. Dunlap, Fox was born in England
about 1776; was apprenticed to the London engraver
Thomas Medland, and was induced to come to Philadel-
phia in 1795 by James Trenchard, who bought his re-
maining time from his master. Fox engraved a few por-
traits and book illustrations for Philadelphia publishers
and later became a teacher of drawing in a ladies’ acad-
emy in that city. Dunlap says that he eloped with one
of his pupils, lost his position, and then went upon the
stage; and the Philadelphia directory of 1798 contains
his name as “‘a comedian.”
It was for Gilbert Fox that Joseph Hopkinson wrote
90
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
“Hail Columbia,” and Fox sang it for the first time at
his benefit in 1798. Hopkinson, in telling how he came to
write this famous song and in speaking of Fox, says: “I
had known him at school.” Dunlap says that Fox was
improvident and always in debt; and from the dates on
his plates, up to 1806, he evidently continued to engrave
in the intervals between theatrical engagements.
FREDERICK, JOHN L.
Frederick was an engraver of buildings and book illus-
trations in business in Philadelphia from 1818 until 1845 ;
though he at times also kept a “Music Store.” As he was
engraving for Collins’ Quarto Bible, published in New
York in 1816, it is probable that he came from that city
to Philadelphia. His one known portrait, that of the
Rev. Joseph Eastburn, is an attempt in stipple and is
poorly done.
John L. Frederick is said to have died in Philadelphia
in 1880 or 1881.
FREEMAN,
Well engraved line-plates so signed are found in a
quarto Bible published in New York in 1816; but noth-
ing more is known as to the identity of the man.
FREEMAN, E. O.
This good line-engraver of historical subjects was
working for Boston publishers about 1850.
FREEMAN, W. H.
W. H. Freeman was an excellent letter and script en-
graver, working in Baltimore, Md., about 1830. He may
91
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AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
have been the “Freeman” who was engraving in line in
New York in 1816.
FRENCH, EDWIN DAVIS
Born in North Attleborough, Mass., Jan. 19, 1851.
Entered Brown University in 1866, but owing to illness
left that institution in 1868. In 1869 he began engraving
on silver with the Whiting Manufacturing Co., and he
went with that establishment when it removed its works
to New York in 1876. Mr. French studied drawing and
painting at the Art Students’ League of New York, un-
der William Sartain, in 1883—86; he was later on the
board of control of that organization until 1891, serving
as president in 1890-91. : |
In 1894 Mr. French began the designing and engray-
ing of book-plates and similar work on copper, and in
this branch of the art he has achieved a well-deserved repu-
tation. Since 1894 he has designed and engraved 245
book-plates, chiefly for private owners, but he also made
many for clubs and public institutions. Among the latter
may be noted the beautiful plates designed and engraved
for the Grolier Club, Union League, and Metropolitan
Museum of Art, of New York; the Club of Odd Vol-
umes, of Boston; Library of Princeton University ; Child
Memorial Library, and other Harvard Library plates;
Long Island Historical Society—Storrs. Memorial;
Dean Hoffman Library, etc. For the Society of Icono-
philes he engraved their first publication, a series of
views of historical New York buildings, and he has also
made a number of title-pages and certificate plates. In
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1897 Mr. French moved his studio to Saranac Lake,
N. Y., where he is still at work.
FURNASS, JOHN MASON —
Nathaniel Hurd, among other people, mentions in his
will his sister Anne Hurd, wife of John Furnass; and to
his nephew John Mason Furnass he bequeathed his en-
graving tools.
In 1785 Furnass was painting portraits in Boston, but
book-plates and Massachusetts Loan certificates consti-
tute the only engraved work by Furnass seen by the
writer.
FURST, MORITZ
Born at Boesing, Hungary, March, 1782; living in
New York in 1834. Furst was an engraver of dies for
coins and medals, and was a pupil of Wurst, chief die-
sinker in the Mint of Vienna, and of Megole, afterward
superintendent of the Lombardy Mint.
In 1807 Mr. Joseph Clay, U. S. Consul at Leghorn,
induced Furst to come to the United States, as die-sinker
in the U. S. Mint at Philadelphia; and in this capacity
he engraved the dies for a large number of Congress
medals awarded to military and naval heroes of the War
of 1812. Furst was also engaged at the same time in
general business, as he advertises (July 11, 1808) as an
“Engraver of Seals and Dye-Sinker on Steel and other
metals,” and asks for the patronage of the citizens of
Philadelphia. He was in business as an “Engraver on
Steel” in Philadelphia as late as September, 1820.
| 93
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
G., L.
These initials, as engraver, appear upon a reversed
copy of acaricature originally etched by William Charles,
of Philadelphia, and seemingly of contemporaneous date.
The print represents a “Scene on the Frontier” ; the chief
figure being an English officer paying Indians for
American scalps.
GALLAND, JOHN
The name of John Galland, “engraver,” appears in
the Philadelphia directories for 1796-1817, inclusive. He
engraved in the stipple manner and with little effect.
Probably his most ambitious work is a large portrait of
Washington done after a similar plate by David Edwin.
A number of portraits and historical plates executed by
Galland are to be found in a history of France published
by James Stewart, Philadelphia, 1796-97.
GALLAUDET, EDWARD
Born in Hartford, Conn., April 30, 1809; died there
Oct. 11, 1847. He was the son of Peter Wallace Gal-
laudet, merchant, and a nephew of Rev. Thomas Hop-
kins Gallaudet, the educator of the deaf and dumb. Ed-
ward Gallaudet was probably an apprentice with one of
the several engraving establishments in Hartford; he then
worked in Boston with John Cheney. Gallaudet was a
reputable line-engraver, his best work appearing in the
Annuals of 1835-40.
A miniature portrait of Kdward Gallaudet is in the
possession of his nephew, Mr. EK. M. Gallaudet, principal
94
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BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
of the Gallaudet College for the Deaf and Dumb ot
Washington, D. C.
GALLAUDET, ELISHA
Born in New Rochelle, N. Y., about 1730; living in
1800. Elisha Gallaudet was the second son of Dr. Peter
Gallaudet, one of the Huguenot settlers of New Rochelle;
and in 1755 he was married to Jeanne Dubois, of the
same town. As early as 1759 Gallaudet was in business
in New York as an engraver, as is shown in an advertise-
ment in the “New York Mercury” of March 5, 1759. In
this issue appear proposals for printing by subscription
“Six Representations of Warriors who are in the Service
of their Majesties, the King of Great Britain and the
King of Prussia. Designed after life with a Description
as expressed in the Proposals.” Among the persons
named as taking subscriptions for these prints are “Mr.
Joseph Woodruff, Limner, in Dock Street. Mr. Mi-
chael De Bruls, engraver, at Mr. Furer, Silversmith, in
French Church Street; Mr. Elisha Galludet (sic), En-
graver, in South Street, etc.”
The writer is unable to identify these six prints. But
the issue of July 30, 1759, of the same journal, apolo-
gizes for the delay in their appearance, and goes on to
say that the “editor” of these prints is required by the
urgency of the “service” to be at his station at Fort Stan-
wix. The further statement is made, however, that “five
of above plates are finished and the sixth is actually en-
graving.” From this it would appear that these portraits
were actually produced in the Colony, and possibly en-
graved by de Bruls or Gallaudet, or both.
95
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
Besides some early book-plates the only known en-
graving by Elisha Gallaudet is a portrait of the Rev.
George Whitfield, issued as a frontispiece to a “Life of
Whitfield” published by Hodge & Shober, New York,
1774. This plate is very poorly engraved and is evidently
a copy from an English print. In the list of subscribers
to this book is the name of “Elisha Gallaudet, engraver,
New York.”
GANDOLFI, MAURO
Born in Bologna, Italy, in 1771; died there in 1834.
This master engraver in line, and a pupil of the famous
Giuseppe Longhi, was probably the first of the really
prominent European engravers to visit the United States
professionally, though he never engraved here. Dunlap
' tells us that he came to the United States under a con-
tract to engrave for $4,000 Col. Trumbull’s large plate
of the “Declaration of Independence.” But owing to the
relatively high cost of living in New York, he cancelled
his engagement and returned to Italy. He took with him
William Main, a young man of New York who had
shown some early ability in engraving. Gandolfi
promised to instruct him in the art; but owing to some
personal disagreement they separated and Main went
into the studio of Raphael Morghen, and remained there
several years.
GARDEN, FRANCIS
The “Boston Evening Post,” March 4, 1745, contains
the following advertisement:
“Francis Garden, Engraver from London, engraves
96
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
in the newest Manner and at the cheapest Rates, Coats-
of-Arms, Crests or Cyphers on Gold, Silver, Pewter or
Copper. To be heard of at Mr. Caverly’s, Distiller, at
the South End of Boston.
“N. B. He will wait on any Person,in Town or Coun-
ty, to do their work at their own House, if desired; also
copperplate printing performed by him.”
Nowork of any kind signed by Garden is known to the
writer.
GAUK, JAMES
The New York directories for 1799-1804 contain this
name as “engraver.” No work signed by Gauk is known
to the writer.
GAVIN, H.
A fairly well-executed line frontispiece to Marmon-
tel’s Belisarius is signed H. Gavin, Sculp. The work it-
self was published at Newburyport, in 1796, for Thomas
and Andrews, of Boston, Mass. No other example of
Gavin’s work has been seen by the compiler.
GAVIT, JOHN E.
Born in New York, Oct. 29, 1817; died at Stock-
bridge, Mass., Aug. 25, 1874. Gavit learned his business
in Albany, N. Y., and he there founded an engraving,
printing, and lithographing establishment. He later be-
came especially interested in bank-note work, and in 1855
he assisted in organizing the American Bank Note Co.,
in New York. After serving as secretary for a time, he
97
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
was elected president of that company in 1866, and held
that office until his death.
The firm of Gavit & Duthie furnished a number of
portraits for the magazines, but as they employed en-
gravers the individual work is difficult to detect.
GAW, R. M.
This engraver was probably in the employ of Peter
Maverick in Newark, N. J., in 1829. He engraved in
line portraits and architectural work. |
GIL, GERONIMO ANTONIO
Born in Zamora, Spain, in 1732; died in the city of
Mexico, April 16, 1798. Gul studied in San Fernando
and in Madrid, and in 1756 he was awarded a prize for
painting and in the same year he commenced engraving.
He continued his studies in Rome in 1757, and in 1760
he was appointed chief engraver to the Mint in the city
of Mexico. He engraved the dies for a number of medals
and made the matrices and punches for the type foundry
for the Royal Library, said to be one of the best outfits
then in existence. He also engraved the portraits of
Charles III, and of Palafox, Bishop of Puebla.
GILES, CHARLES T.
Born in New York, Aug. 25, 1827; living in Brook-
lyn, N. Y., in 1900. This reputable line-engraver of
landscape and historical subjects began work in New
York in 1847, and was practising his profession as late as
1898.
93
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
GILLINGHAM, EDWIN
A map of Boston and its vicinity, made from an actual
survey by John G. Hales, is signed Edwin Gillingham
Sc. This map, 24% <30%4 ins. in size, was published by
John Melish, Philadelphia, 1819. It was republished by
John G. Hales in Boston in 1820, and again in 1829.
GILMAN, J. W.
J. W. Gilman engraved the music and words in “The
American Harmony, or Royal Melody Complete. etc.,”
in two volumes, by “William Tan’sur, Senior. Musico
Theorico,” and by “A. Williams, Teacher of Psalmody
in London.” ‘The book was “Printed and Sold by Daniel
Bayley, at his House next Door to St. Paul’s Church,
- Newbury-Port, 1771.” The preface to the second part
bears the date of Jan. 5, 1771. To various pages the en-
graver signs his name as J. W. Gilman sculpt., I.W.G.,
J.W. G. sc., ete.
A study of the “Gilman Genealogy” leads the writer
to assume that this engraver was John Ward Gilman,
born in Exeter, Mass., May 9, 1741, and died in the same
place, June 16, 1828. There is no record of the career of
John Ward Gilman, other than that he was postmaster
of Exeter for forty years. Exeter is only about fifteen
miles from Newburyport, and this crude work might
have been done by the Gilman of the former town.
GIMBER, STEPHEN H.
Born in England and there learned to engrave, but he
was working at his profession in New York as early as
1830; and in 1832—33 his name is associated on plates
99
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
with that of A. L. Dick, of that city. His name is found
in the New York directories until 1842, when he prob-
ably removed to Philadelphia, as he was in business in
the latter city, as an engraver and lithographer, after
1856. Gimber was a good portrait engraver in stipple
and mezzotint, and his early subject plates are in line;
he also drew portraits upon stone. His son of the same
name was also an engraver.
GIMBREDHE, JOSEPH NAPOLEON
Born at West Point, N. Y., in 1820. He was a son of
Thomas Gimbrede and learned to engrave with his uncle,
J.F. EK. Prud’homme. J. N. Gimbrede was in business
as an engraver in New York in 1841—45, producing por-
traits and subject plates. He was later a stationer with
an establishment under the Metropolitan Hotel, No. 588
_ Broadway.
GIMBREDE, THOMAS
Born in France in 1781; died at West Point, N. Y..,
Oct. 25, 1832. Gimbrede came to the United States in
1802 as a miniature painter; but he was engraving some
excellent portraits in the stipple manner for the New
York publishers, John Low and William Durell, as early
as 1810. In 1816 he had an office at 201 Broadway, New
York, and he furnished a considerable amount of work
for the Philadelphia magazines, the “Port Folio” and
the “Analectic.” On Jan. 5, 1819, Thomas Gimbrede
was appointed drawing-master at the Military Academy
at West Point, and he remained in that position until his
100 |
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
death. He continued to engrave, however, until late in
life, as we find portrait plates engraved and published by
him in 1881. He was a brother-in-law of J. F. E.
Prud’homme, also an engraver of portraits in stipple.
GIRARDET, P.
A well-engraved line and stipple plate was published
in New York in 1857 and entitled “Winter Scene in
Broadway.” ‘The plate is signed as engraved by P. Gi-
rardet from a painting by H. Sebron. As this is the only
plate by this engraver known to the writer he can not say
that the work was executed in the United States. The
names of the engraver and painter are French; and
though the scene is laid in New York the plate may have
been made abroad.
GIRSCH, FREDERICK
Born in Biedingen, a suburb of Darmstadt, Germany,
March 31, 1821; died in Mt. Vernon, N. Y., Dec. 18,
1895.. Left an orphan at an early age, young Girsch was
forced to assist in the support of his mother and four sis-
ters; and to this end he made use of his exceptional nat-
ural talent for drawing. Having received some instruc-
tion in painting from a local artist, one Carl Seeger, he
earned some money by portrait-painting, and his portrait
of a Princess attracted such general attention that a suf-
ficient sum was raised by subscription to enable him to
pursue his art studies at the Royal Academy of Darm-
stadt, then one of the leading art institutions of Ger-
many. He remained in Germany until the Revolution of
101
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
1848, when he obtained official permission to further pur-
sue his studies in Paris; but he left that city for the
United States in 1849.
Mr. Girsch settled in New York, and having in the
course of his art studies learned to etch and to engrave in
line, the first work executed by him in this country was
done for the then “New Yorker Criminal Zeitung.” As
was then the custom, this publication issued “premium”
engravings, and Mr. Girsch engraved two of these— “Die
Helden der Revolution” and “Niagara Falls.” He rap-
idly improved in the quality of his line work and made a
number of portraits for the publishers of New York City.
But it is as a bank-note engraver that Mr. Girsch did
his best work and achieved a reputation. The issue of
paper money by the Government, soon after the outbreak
of the Civil War, demanded a class of work much su-
perior to the earlier private bank-notes, and the most
skilled line-engravers of the country were employed by
the bank-note companies commissioned to provide this
new money. Girsch soon found a recognized place among
these men and was engaged in bank-note work practically
up to the time of his death.
Mr. Girsch engraved the “De Soto discovering the
Mississippi” on the back of one of the early $10 notes;
the head of Liberty on the 15-cent fractional currency,
and the portrait of Washington on the 25-cent note of
the same currency. He was particularly proud of a plate
of peculiar interest and now almost unknown. This was
the plate, 1214 ins., of the “Legion of Honor,” impres-
sions from which President Lincoln proposed to present
to all honorably discharged officers and soldiers at the
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close of the Civil War. This plate was finished, but the
tragic death of the President and the resulting confusion
in public affairs prevented his intentions from being car-
ried out, and very few impressions of the plate are in ex-
istence.
At the age of seventy-three years Mr. Girsch en-
graved, in etching and in line, a large plate entitled
“Grand Ma’s Toast,” which is an excellent piece of work;
but another plate, “The Gypsey Girl,” 514714 ins., and
executed for “his own pleasure,” about the same time, is
in pure line and is probably as meritorious a plate as was
ever engraved by him.
GLADDING, K. C.
Several rather poorly engraved “Rewards of Merit”
are signed “K. C. Gladding Sc.” There is no indication
of the place of origin, other than that the plates are un-
_doubtedly American. Judging from the “bank-note”
ornamentation the date of the plates is about 1825-30.
GLOVER, D. L.
Glover was an engraver of portraits and subjects, in
line and in stipple, located in New York in 1850—55.
GOBRECHT, CHRISTIAN
Born in Hanover, York Co., Pa., Dec. 28, 1785 ; died in
Philadelphia, July 23,1844. Christian Gobrecht was the
son of the Rev. John Christopher Gobrecht, who was
born in Augerstein, Germany, Oct. 11, 1733; came to
America in 1755; was ordained a minister of the German
Reformed Church on Sept. 28, 1766, and died at Han-
103
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
over, York Co., Pa., Nov. 6, 1815. The mother of Chris-
tian Gobrecht was Elizabeth Sands, whose ancestor,
James Sands, settled at Plymouth, Colony of Massa-
chusetts Bay, in 1642.
At an early age Christian Gobrecht was apprenticed
to a clock-maker of Manheim, Lancaster Co., Pa., to
learn the business; and at the end of his apprenticeship
he established himself in Baltimore. By working upon
the metal clock-faces of the period he learned engraving |
and die-sinking; and as early as 1810 he engraved a
creditable portrait of Washington for J. Kingston’s
“New American Biographical Dictionary,” published in
Baltimore. About 1811 he removed to Philadelphia, and
while especially engaged in sinking dies for medals and
other work of that nature he furnished a few good por-
trait plates for the publishers of that city. Among his
better-known dies may be mentioned the Franklin Insti-
tute medal of 1825, after a design by Thomas Sully; a
portrait medal of Charles Willson Peale; the seal of St.
Peter’s Church, Philadelphia; and award medals for the
Massachusetts Society for the Promotion of Manufac-
tures, and the Massachusetts Charitable Mechanics Asso-
ciation. In 1886 Mr. Gobrecht was appointed draughts-
man and die-sinker to the U. S. Mint in Philadelphia,
and he designed and made the dies for the dollar of 1836.
On Dee. 21, 1840, he succeeded William Kneass as chief
engraver to the Mint and held this office until his death
in 1844. The dies made by Mr. Gobrecht are justly
esteemed for the artistic excellence of the work put upon
them.
According to papers in the possession of his grandson,
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Charles G. Darrach, C.E., of Ridley Park, Pa., Christian
Gobrecht was the original inventor of the medal-ruling
machine, a device whereby medals, etc., could be engraved
directly from the relief face and a plate thus prepared
for reproduction upon paper. This claim was disputed
by Mr. Asa Spencer, of Philadelphia, as late as 1842;
but the evidence is that in 1810, while still living in Balti-
more, Mr. Gobrecht constructed the first ruling-machine
ever made in which the ruler was stationary and the plat-
form carrying the plate was moved under it. In 1816 he
engaged Mr. Spencer to make for him a ruling-machine
in which the platform was to be moved by a screw, instead
of by an inclined plane as in the machine of 1810. But
yielding to the objections raised by Mr. Spencer and by
Jacob Perkins, he permitted a roller to be substituted for
the screw; with the result that the machine produced
would rule only straight, instead of wavy, lines.
Mr. Gobrecht later had this machine changed to suit
his original ideas, and in 1817 he produced with this new
machine ahead of Alexander I of Russia, engraved from
a medal. This production attracted much attention at
the time and was “‘a subject of eager inquiry as to how it
was done,” says Mr. Gobrecht. With the consent of Mr.
Gobrecht, Messrs. Mason and Baldwin, in 1825, made a
medal-ruling attachment to a ruling-machine made by
Asa Spencer in 1817 for Richard Fairman. The same
firm made a similar machine for Gideon F airman, a busi-
ness associate of Asa Spencer.
It should be explained that ruling-machines for pro-
ducing straight equidistant lines, for background work,
etc., were employed in England as early as 1776, and
105
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
were in common use in the United States in 1816; but it
was not until about 1840—42 that Bates, in London, and
’ Asa Spencer, in Philadelphia, began to issue work that
called general attention to the direct reproduction of
medallic work by means of an improved ruling-machine.
In 1842 Mr. Spencer publicly claimed the credit for the
original invention of the medal-ruling machine; though
on Aug. 8, 1830, he had written a letter to the “United
States Gazette,” of Philadelphia—the original of which
is still in existence—stating that “It was never my inten-
tion to deny but always to admit, that Mr. Gobrecht was
the first to discover the mode of ruling medals, as ex-
hibited by his specimen published in 1817.” Mr. Go-
brecht met the claim of Mr. Spencer by a statement call-
ing attention to the above letter; by giving the names of
men who made and of engravers who used his machines;
and by finally pointing out that a Gobrecht medal-ruling
machine was used in 1825 by the engraving firm of which
Mr. Spencer was then a member.
Mr. John Saxton, also of the U. S. Mint, later made
valuable improvements on the medal-ruling machine, and
eliminated the tendency to distortion in the resulting en-
graving. At first the medal itself was used as a model,
and a valuable specimen might thus be ruined. Mr.
Spencer proposed a shellac impression of the medal for
the medal itself; but this was open to the objection that it
could be punctured by the tracing-point and a false
transfer would result. To meet both of these objections
Mr. Saxton used an electrotype model, which was even
more satisfactory than the medal itself, for any acciden-
106
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
tal scratches or dents could be removed before ruling the
plate.
GODWIN, ABRAHAM
Born in what is now Paterson, N. J., July 16, 1763;
died there, Oct. 5, 1885; he was the son of Abraham God-
win and Phebe Cool. Before he was fourteen years of
age Abraham Godwin enlisted in a New York regiment
as fife major and he served until the end of the Revo-
lutionary War.
At the close of the war Godwin became an apprentice
to A. Billings, an indifferent engraver of book-plates,
etc., located in New York. As an engraver Godwin ap-
parently issued but few signed plates, and his work is
akin to that of his master in quality.
Abraham Godwin wrote verses, some of which were
published in the newspapers of the day, and he was fond
of sketching and painting. In his later days he was the
proprietor of the old Passaic Hotel,in Paterson, and Dun-
lap says that he was a brigadier-general in the New Jersey
militia. He was the father of the late editor and author,
Parke Godwin, who was born in Paterson, N. J., in 1816.
In making this note the writer expresses his indebted-
ness to Mr. William Nelson’s forthcoming history of
Paterson, N. J.
GOLDTHWAIT, G. H.
This man, apparently a bank-note engraver, was work-
ing in Boston in 1842. There is a “Miniature County
Map of the United States,’ Drawn Engraved and Pub-
107
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS —
lished by G. H. Goldthwait, Boston— 1842. The map is
embellished with a border of small views of public build-
ings, natural scenery, etc.
GOODALL, ALBERT GALLATIN
Born in Montgomery, Ala., Oct. 81,1826; died in New
York, Feb. 19, 1887. At the age of fifteen Goodall en-
tered the Texan navy as a midshipman, and saw active
service during the Mexican-Texan war. In 1844 he went
to Havana and there learned copperplate engraving. He
removed to Philadelphia in 1848, commenced to engrave
bank-notes on steel, and later connected himself with the
New York company which became in time the American
Bank Note Company. Goodall was president of this
company for the last twelve years of his life.
In 1858, Goodall visited Greece, Turkey, Russia, Nor-
way, and Sweden, in the interest of the bank-note com-
pany, and obtained many foreign orders to be executed
in New York. The Greek bank-notes were the first for-
eign notes engraved on steel, those of Russia coming
next. Goodall also obtained large South American or-
ders, and he was decorated by Alexander II of Russia
and by the Emperor of Brazil. In 1860 he went to St.
Petersburg, with five American engravers, to execute an
order there and to instruct Russian engravers in Ameri-
can methods.
GOODMAN, CHARLES
Born in Philadelphia about 1790; died there in 18380.
Goodman was a pupil of David Edwin, and a good en-
graver in the stipple manner. When he had learned his
business he and his fellow apprentice, Robert Piggot,
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BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
founded the firm of Goodman & Piggot and produced a
considerable number of portraits, etc., in Philadelphia.
In 1822 Goodman abandoned engraving for the pro-
fession of law, having been admitted to the Philadelphia
bar on May 14, 1822. About the same time Robert Pig-
got studied theology and became a clergyman.
GRAHAM, A. W.
Graham was born in England and studied engraving
under Henry Meyer, a well-known London engraver.
He came to the United States about 1832; and in 1884
_ he engraved some excellent views for the “New York
Mirror.” He engraved a few portraits at a later date;
but his best work is to be found in the small plates exe-
cuted for the Annuals of 1885-40. Graham was located
in Philadelphia in 1838—40 and in 1844-45, according
to the directories of that city: he was living in New York
as late as 1869.
GRAHAM, GEORGE
Of this clever engraver in mezzotint and in stipple,
little more is known than that he was seemingly located
in Philadelphia in 1797, and was working for New York
publishers in 1804; he designed and apparently engraved
a frontispiece for the “Proceedings of the Society of the
Cincinnati,” published in Boston in 1812, and he was
again engraving in Philadelphia in 1818.
A G. Graham is referred to in Nagler’s Lexicon as an
engraver in the stipple manner, but this man was pub-
lishing prints in London in 1799.
109
~
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
GRAHAM, P. PURDON |
This name, as engraver, is signed to a well-executed
line-engraving of Cadwallader Colden; after a portrait
painted by Matthew Pratt, and belonging to the Cham-
ber of Commerce of New York. The work was probably
done about 1870-75, but nothing more is known about
the engraver.
GRAY & TODD
This firm was engraving diagrams and script-work in
Philadelphia in 1817.
GREENWOOD, JOHN
Born in Boston, New England, Dec. 7, 1727; died at —
Margate, England, Sept. 15, 1792. Greenwood was a
son of Samuel Greenwood, of Boston, and his wife Mary
(Charnock) Greenwood, and a nephew of Prof. Isaac
Greenwood, of Harvard College.
In 1752 he went to Surinam, seemingly in a clerical
capacity, and from there he went to Holland. In Hol-
land he learned to engrave in the mezzotint manner. In
1763 he established himself in London as a painter and
engraver of portraits, but in 1773 he abandoned art and
became an auctioneer, in business at Haymarket and in
Leicester Square.
Greenwood is sometimes referred to as an early Ameri-
can engraver; but there is no evidence that he ever prac-
tised that art in this country. The portrait of Thomas
Prince, engraved by Pelham in Boston in 1750, was
painted by John Greenwood, and the statement that he
110
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learned to paint, as well as to engrave, in Holland, is un-
founded.
In 1760 he engraved in mezzotint a beautiful portrait
of himself.
GRIDLEY, ENOCH G.
This engraver in both stipple and line was in business
in New York in 1803-05 inclusive, and at a later date he
was working for Philadelphia publishers. The latest date
on any of his plates noted by the compiler is 1818.
GROSS, J.
This reputable engraver of portraits in stipple was
working for the “National Portrait Gallery,” published
in 1834; he was probably one of the group of engravers
brought to Philadelphia by James B. Longacre.
J. D. Gross was engraving portraits in mezzotint
about the same time, but the work is so inferior in exe-
cution to the stipple work of J. Gross, that it must be
executed by anotherman.
HAINES, D.
D. Haines was an engraver of business-cards, etc.,
working in Philadelphia about 1820.
HAINES, WILLIAM
This excellent engraver of portraits, etc.,in the stipple
manner, came from England to Philadelphia in 1802.
He opened a studio at No. 178 Spruce Street, and ad-
vertised that he painted portraits in water-colors “in a
style entirely new in the United States”; and work of
111
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
this description seen by the writer proves that Haines
was a master of this branch of his art. He produced a
number of good portrait plates for American publishers
and he also drew for other engravers. Haines returned to
England about 1809, as his name disappears from the
Philadelphia directory of 1810; and a subject plate en-
graved by “W. Haines” was published in London in
1809. He was working in London for some years later
than this.
~HALBERT, A.
Halbert was a nephew of J. F. K. Prud’homme and
was probably a pupil of that engraver. In 1835 he was
working for the Harper Bros. in New York, and in 1838
he was in the employ of the engraving firm of Rawdon,
Wright & Hatch, of the same city. Halbert was a good
line-engraver of portraits and vignettes; as his signed
plates are very few in number he was probably chiefly
engaged in bank-note work.
HALL, ALFRED BRYAN
Born in Stepney, London, England, Nov. 18, 1842;
living in New York in 1900. A. B. Hall was a son of H.
B. Hall, Sr., and came to New York in 1851. After
serving an apprenticeship of seven years with his father,
he worked as an engraver with J. C. Buttre, H. Wright
Smith, A. H. Ritchie and George E. Perine, all of New
York. He was later a member of the firms of H.B. Hall
& Sons and H. B. Hall Sons, until his retirement in
1899. He engraved over his own name a number of por-
112
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
traits, both large and small. He served for a time in the
army, in the Civil War.
HALL, ALICE
Born at Halloway, London, England, Jan. 27, 1847;
living in New York in 1900. She was a daughter of H.
B. Hall, Sr., and while still young she evinced very con-
siderable talent in drawing and etching. She etched por-
traits of Washington, after Stuart and Trumbull, among
other work; but illness in the family caused her to aban-
don a profession in which she had made a promising be-
ginning. —
HALL, CHARLES BRYAN
Born in Camden Town, London, Aug. 18, 1840; liv-
ing in New York in 1906. C. B. Hall was the second son
of H. B. Hall, Sr., and he came to New York in April,
1851, and commenced his studies under his father. In
1855 he was apprenticed to James Duthie, a landscape
engraver then living in Morrisania, N. Y. Mr. Hall
served for two years in the Civil War, and was discharged
by reason of wounds and general disability. After work-
ing about five years with George E. Perine, of New
York, he started in business for himself as an engraver
of portraits. Later, when the firm of H. B. Hall & Sons
was established, it included H. B. Hall, Sr., H. B. Hall,
Jr., C. B. Hall, and Alfred B. Hall. On the death of the
father in 1884, the firm name was changed to H. B. Hall
Sons, and Mr. E. H. Knight, a son-in-law of H. B.
Hall, Sr., was a member until his death in 1896. After
113
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
1899 Mr. C. B. Hall carried on the business alone. Mr.
Hall has engraved a number of large portrait and sub-
ject plates and has engraved and published portraits and
sketches of a very large number of officers of the ev
War, both Union and Confederate.
HALL, GEORGE R.
Born in London, England, in 1818; he was a brother
of H. B. Hall, Sr. George R. Hall commenced engrav-
ing under the tuition of his brother, and then worked in
London and in Leipsic. He came to New York in 1854,
and was first employed by Rawdon, Wright, Hatch &
Co., and was later engraving over his own name for the
Putnams and other New York publishers.
HALL, HENRY BRYAN
Born in London, England, March 11, 1808; died at
Morrisania, N. Y., April 25, 1884. H. B. Hall was a
pupil of the London engravers Benjamin Smith and
Henry Meyer; and he was later employed by H. T.
Ryall, Historical Engraver to the Queen, to execute the
portrait work in the large plate of “The Coronation of
Victoria,” after the painting by Sir George Hayter. Mr.
Hall came to New York in 1850, and soon established a
very extensive business as an engraver and publisher of
portraits. He had very considerable ability as a portrait-
painter, and while in London he painted a portrait of
Napoleon III, among others; and among his portraits
painted in the United States are those of Thomas Sully
and C. L. Elliott. He painted miniatures on ivory, and
114 |
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
etched a large number of portraits of men prominent in
the Colonial and Revolutionary history of this country
for a private club of New York and Philadelphia col-
lectors.
HALL, HENRY BRYAN, JR.
Born in Camden Town, London, England; was living
in New York in 1900. He came to New York with his
father in 1850 and served his apprenticeship with his
father. In 1858 he went to London and worked under
Charles Knight for about one year, and then returned
and established himself in the engraving business in New
York. He served in the Civil War from 1861 until 1864,
when he resigned with the grade of captain, as the result
of a serious wound. He engraved many portraits of gen-
erals and officers of the Civil War, and also a number of
historical plates; but retired from business in 1899.
Among his larger plates are “The Death of Lincoln,”
and subjects after the paintings of J. G. Brown and
other American artists.
HALL, PETER
Born in Birmingham, England, in 1828; died in
Brooklyn, N. Y., July 5, 1895. Mr. Hall came to the
United States in 1849 and learned to engrave in the New
York establishment of the American Bank Note Com-
pany. His special work was bank-note script engraving,
in which he excelled. In 1886 he went into business in
New York asa bank-note engraver; later the firm became
Kihn & Hall, and is still in existence as Kihn Brothers.
His son, Charles A. Hall, is now in the employ of the
115
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
Bureau of Printing and Engraving, at Washington,
D.C.
A well-executed stipple portrait of Washington, after
the portrait by Mrs. E. Sharpless, is signed as Engraved
by P. Hall and appears as a frontispiece to the “Memoirs
of Thaddeus Koseiusko,” by A. W. W. Evans, New
York, 1883. This plate was probably engraved by some
one then in the employ of Mr. Hall. |
HALPIN, FREDERICK
Born in Worcester, England, in 1805, and was the
pupil of his father, an engraver for one of the Stafford- —
shire potteries. About 1827 Frederick Halpin was lo-
cated in London, engraving historical subjects and por-
traits. He came to New York about 1842, and for a time
was in the employ of Alfred Jones in that city. He was
a good engraver of portraits and book illustrations in
stipple. His name is sometimes signed to prints as F’.
W. Halpin. .
}
HALPIN, JOHN
This engraver was a brother of Frederick Halpin, and
he was engraving in St. Petersburg, Russia, before he
reached the United States, by way of Halifax. About
1850 John Halpin was engraving landscapes and a few
portraits for New York publishers. Some few years
later he was employed by the Ladies Repository and the
Methodist Book Concern, both of Cincinnati, O.
HAMLIN, WILLIAM
Born in Providence, R. I., Oct. 15, 1772; died there
116
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
Noy. 22, 1869; he was the fifth in direct descent from
Giles Hamlin, an early settler in Middletown, Conn. In
the early part of the last century many merchant vessels
were owned in Providence; and as the trade with Afri-
can, Chinese, and West Indian ports was quite extensive,
Mr. Hamlin established himself in business as a manu-
facturer and repairer of sextants, quadrants, and such
other nautical, optical, and mathematical instruments as
were used by the navigator.
As engraving upon metal was part of his business he
began experimenting upon copper; and his business-
card of a later date adds to his business proper that of
“Engraving & Copperplate Printing.” He was then
located at the “Sign of the Quadrant, No. 131 S. Water
St., Providence, R. 1.”
As an engraver Mr. Hamlin made his own tools and
worked practically without instruction. His plates show
a somewhat weak mixture of mezzotint and stipple, fre-
quently worked over with the roulette. Good impres-
sions of his plates, however, show that he made the best
of his limited opportunities.
Mr. Hamlin saw Gen. Washington, on one of his vis-
its to the Eastern States, and the impression made upon
the engraver was so strong that his most important plates
and his last work have Washington for their subject.
Considering the Savage portrait as the best likeness, he
followed that artist in his several portraits of Washing-
ton; but he also held Houdon’s bust in high esteem and
in his ninety-first year he engraved Washington after
that sculptor. This was his last plate.
Besides the portraits noted in the Hamlin check-list he
117
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
engraved quite a number of book illustrations. Person-
ally Mr. Hamlin was a very retiring man, extremely
modest, and very courteous.
HAMM, PHINEAS E.
The name of P. E. Hamm, “engraver,” appears in the
Philadelphia directories for 1825-27, inclusive; until
1839 the same name and address are given, with “coal-
dealer” as the occupation; and in 1840—45 Phineas E.
Hamm was the assistant city treasurer of Philadelphia.
The engraved work so signed is usually in line, though
he executed a few good portraits in stipple.
HAMMOND, J. T.
Hammond was a good line-engraver of landscape and
subject plates in 1839. In that year he was employed in
Philadelphia, but he seems to have later removed to St.
Louis, Mo.
HANKS, O. G.
Hanks was born in Troy, N. Y., and in 1838 he was
learning to engrave in the establishment of Rawdon,
Wright & Hatch, in New York. He was a capital line-
engraver, both of portraits and landscape, and was prob-
ably chiefly employed by the bank-note companies. He
died about 1865, says Mr. Alfred Jones.
HARRIS, JAMES
A. line-engraving of a Madonna, well executed and
published about 1850, is signed Ja’s Harris, Engraver,
118
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BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
58 Nassau Street (New York). No other plates of this
engraver have been seen.
HARRIS, SAMUEL
Born in Boston, Mass., May, 1783; was drowned in
the Charles River, while bathing, on July 7, 1810. The
“Polyanthos,” Boston, 1812, published a memoir of Sam-
uel Harris, and from this we learn that he was appren-
ticed at an early age to his relative, the Boston engraver,
Samuel Hill; and the first portrait executed by Harris
appeared in the “Polyanthus” for 1806.
Harris showed a wonderful aptitude for acquiring
languages; and by patient effort and hard work he gained
some considerable knowledge of the languages of the
Continent and the East. His ability in this direction at-
tracted the attention of some citizens of Boston, and by
their aid Harris was enabled to enter the junior class at
Harvard College in 1808. His death occurred while he
was still at Harvard, and a Mr. Cranston, a fellow stu-
dent, delivered a eulogy on Harris in the college chapel.
As an engraver Harris worked both in line and in stip-
ple, and his plates possess some merit and show great
promise.
HARRISON, CHARLES
Charles Harrison, in 1840, was working as a letter en-
graver in New York; in 1900 he was still employed in
this capacity by the American Bank Note Co., of New
York. : 3
119
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
HARRISON, CHARLES P.
Born in England in 1788; was living in 1850. C. P.
Harrison was the son of Wm. Harrison, Sr., and was
brought to Philadelphia by his father in 1794. He was
probably a pupil of his father in engraving. From 1806
until 1819 he was in business in Philadelphia as a cop-
perplate printer; but in 1820—22 Harrison combined
“engraving” with his printing establishment. In 1823 he
was in business in New York; he remained nee until
1850 and possibly later.
There is some very good line work signed by C. P.
Harrison; but his stipple portrait work is inferior in exe-
cution. He also attempted portrait- painting, with very
indifferent success.
Charles P. Harrison was the father of Gabriel Harri-
son, the actor and author, born in Philadelphia in 1818
and living in 1894.
HARRISON, DAVID R.
This bank-note engraver was for many years in the
employ of the American Bank Note Co.; and he con-
tinued to engrave until he was nearly ninety years of age.
HARRISON, RICHARD
The name of “Richard Harrison, engraver” appears
in the Philadelphia directories in 1820—22, inclusive,
along with that of Richard G. Harrison, noted below.
Previous to that time, or in 1814, he was engraving line
frontispieces, etc., for F. Lucas & J. mae a, publish-
ing firm of Baltimore, Md.
120
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
HARRISON, RICHARD G.
This line-engraver was probably one of the “several
sons” of Wm. Harrison, Sr., who came to Philadelphia
in 1794. R.G. Harrison was engraving for the “Port
Folio” in 1814, and possibly earlier than that for S. F.
- Bradford’s Philadelphia edition of the Edinburgh Ency-
clopeedia, of 1805-18. After 1822 he is called “bank-
note engraver” in the Philadelphia directories, and in
this capacity his name appears there continuously until
1845. 3
HARRISON, RICHARD G., JR.
This younger R. G. Harrison was a mezzotint en-
graver working in Philadelphia about 1860-65, chiefly
upon portraits.
HARRISON, SAMUEL
Westcott, in his “History of Philadelphia,” says that
Samuel Harrison was a son of William Harrison; was a
pupil in engraving with his father before 1810, and died
on July 18, 1818, aged twenty-nine years. ‘The only ex-
ample of his work seen is a good line map of Lake On-
tario and Western New York, engraved in 1809.
HARRISON, WILLIAM
Born in England; died in Philadelphia, Oct. 18, 1803.
William Harrison is said to have been a grandson of
John Harrison, the inventor of the chronometer. He
learned to engrave in London, and was for a time in the
employ of the Bank of England; he also engraved maps
for the Kast India Company. |
121
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
In 1794 Wm. Harrison came to Philadelphia “with
several sons” under an engagement to engrave for the
Bank of Pennsylvania. He remained there until his
death.
The following announcement of the death of the elder
Harrison, in “Poulson’s Advertiser,” Philadelphia, Oct.
19, 1808, is interesting in combining praise of the dead
with a recommendation of the living engraver—his son.
“Died, on the 18th. of the prevailing fever, Mr. Wil-
liam Harrison, Senr., late engraver to many of the prin-
cipal Banks in the United States. In the relative duties
of a citizen, husband and friend, Mr. Harrison was social,
affectionate and sincere; as a father, his worth is best ex- —
pressed by the dignified grief of a widowed mother, and
several children. In that branch of the’art which em-
ployed the talents of this gentleman he stood preémi-
nent;his productions are marked with the strength and ac-
curacy of science beautified by the description of a chaste
and masterly hand. 'The advancement of the polite arts,
as it marks the progress of refinement in national taste,
is interesting to every American gentleman. For this
reason, while we regret the loss which science sustains by
a deprivation of matured genius, we enjoy a satisfaction
in being able to recommend to the patrons of the fine arts,
Mr. Harrison, Jun., an artist whose degree of execution
as an engraver has raised him to a superior eminence in
the line of his profession.”
HARRISON, WILLIAM, JR.
This son of William Harrison was engraving in line
in Philadelphia as early as 1797, signing himself W.
122
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
Harrison, Junior Sculpt. As an engraver his name ap-
pears in the Philadelphia directories for 1802-19, in-
clusive. He was a good portrait engraver in line, and
also worked in stipple. Very little of his signed work is
seen, and he was probably chiefly employed by the bank-
note engraving companies.
HARRISON, WILLIAM F.
This excellent letter engraver was in the employ of
New York bank-note companies in 1831—40.
HARTMAN, C.
Hartman was a very clever line-engraver of portraits,
working, about 1850—55, for J. C. Buttre and other New
York print publishers.
HATCH, GEORGE WwW.
Born, about 1805, in Western New York; died at
Dobbs’ Ferry, N. Y., in 1867. Mr. Hatch was one of the
first students in the National Academy of Design in
1826, and for a time he was a pupil of A. B. Durand.
He was a good line-engraver, and in 1830 he was de-
signing and engraving bank-note vignettes in Albany
and in New York City. While he engraved portraits,
landscape plates, and subject plates for the “Annuals,”
his signed work is not plentiful. He was a member of the
firm of Rawdon, Wright, Hatch & Smillie, was one of
the founders of the American Bank Note Co., and he
was president of that company in 1863-66.
A large and well-engraved portrait of Washington
123
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
Irving, published in the ““New York Mirror” in 1882, is
signed Engraved by Hatch & Smillie.
HATCH, L. J.
L. J. Hatch was a bank-note engraver in the employ
of the Treasury Department, at Washington, D. C.,
about 1875.
HAVELL, ROBERT
Havell was born in England; was instructed in his art
in that country and was engraving in aquatint in London
as early as 1815. He came to New York about 1840, un-
der an engagement to make the plates for the smaller and
popular edition of Audubon’s “Birds of America,” pub-
lished in New York in 1844. He worked at Sing Sing
on the Hudson; and while in this country he executed in
aquatint a series of large and capital views of American
cities, and also designed plates for other engravers.
HAY, DE WITT CLINTON
Born in or near Saratoga, N. Y.; and in 1850 he was
an apprentice with Rawdon, Wright, Hatch & Smillie,
in New York. He devoted himself to bank-note engrav-
ing as a member of the firm of Wellstood, Hanks, Hay
& Whiting, of New York. |
No plates signed by Hay as engraver have been seen
by the compiler; but Mr. Alfred Jones says that Hay en-
graved the small Annual plate of “The Oaken Bucket,”
after the painting by Frederick S. Agate; this plate is
signed by his employers— Rawdon, Hatch & Smillie.
124
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
HAY, WILLIAM
This line-engraver of buildings and subjects was work-
ing in Philadelphia from 1819 to 1824.
HAY, WILLIAM H.
This name is signed to plates found in C. G. Childs’
“Views of Philadelphia,” published in 1828. Both this
man and the William Hay noted above were line-engrav-
ers of similar subjects and about contemporaneous.
There is enough difference in their style of work, how-
ever, to encourage the belief that they were different men.
HENRY, JOHN
The name of “John Henry, engraver,” appears in the
Philadelphia directory for the one year of 1798, and he
was engraving well-executed business-cards in that city.
In 1818 he was working for Baltimore publishers; and
in 1828 he was engraving the illustrations for Madame
Mothe Guion’s “Die Heilige Liebe Gottes,” published in
Lancaster, Pa. He may have been some connection of
William Henry, of Lancaster, Member of the Conti-
nental Congress and prominent in Revolutionary affairs
in that section; and in support of this suggestion we find
that a John Henry was a pupil at the Franklin College,
in Lancaster, in 1787.
HERBERT, LAWRENCE
The “Pennsylvania Gazette,” Oct. 16, 1748, contains
the following advertisement: “Engraving on Gold, Sil-
ver, Copper or Pewter, done by Lawrence Herbert, from
London, at Philip Syng’s, Goldsmith, in Front Street.”
125
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
In 1751, Herbert apparently left Philadelphia, as on
August 1 of that year he requests persons having any
demands upon him to present them at the home of Peter
David, in Second Street, Philadelphia.
HEWITT, ——
This engraver was working for the “Port Folio” and
other Philadelphia magazines about 1820. He was an
engraver of landscape in line.
J. HEwIrT is noted as an engraver of music, published
in New York, but without indication of date.
HILL, JAMES
In 1808 James Hill engraved some crude Bible illus-
trations published in Charlestown, Mass. He also en-
graved a large plate of the “Resurrection of a Pious
Family,” after the painting by the English clergyman,
Rev. William Peters. This was published in Boston,
without date; but the copy of this print sold in the Clark
sale, Boston, 1901, shows a watermark of “1792” in the
paper; though this paper may be older than the impres-
sion. It is executed in stipple, and a large plate of the
same subject was engraved by Thomas Clarke and pub-
lished in New York in 1797.
HILL, JOHN
Born in London in 1770; died at West Nyack, N. Y.,
in 1850. John Hill engraved in aquatint a considerable
number of plates published in London, the best of these
being a series of views after the paintings of J. M. W.
126 ?
BENJAMIN FRA
CHARLES WILLSO}
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BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
Turner, Loutherberg, and others. Hill came to New
York in the summer of 1816, but soon removed to Phila-
delphia, and remained there until 1824. He livedin New
York from 1824 until 1839. The first plates executed in
the United States by Hill were his small magazine plates
of Haddrill’s Point and York Springs, Pa. He later is-
sued his American drawing-books, with colored plates;
but his best work is found in “The Landscape Album,”
. a series of large aquatint plates of American scenery,
after the paintings by Joshua Shaw, and published by
Hill and Shaw in Philadelphia in 1820. His “Hudson
River Port Folio” is an equally good series of still larger
plates; these views on the Hudson were aquatinted by
Hill after paintings by W. G. Wall. One of his late
plates was a large view of Broadway, New York, pub-
lished in 1836. He seems to have retired from active work
soon after this date.
HILL, JOHN HENRY
John Henry Hill was a son of J. W. Hill and was
born in 1889 and is still living. He is an etcher of land-
scape.
HILL, JOHN WILLIAM
John William Hill was a son of John Hill, born in:
England in 1812 and died in this country in 1879. He
did some aquatint work; the best being a view of Blan-
ford Church, Petersburg, Va., published in 1848. J. W.
Hill later turned his attention to landscape painting in
water-colors, and achieved considerable reputation. He
also drew upon stone for the lithographers. |
127
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
HILL, SAMUEL
As early as 1789 Samuel Hill was engraving in Bos-
ton, and he made many portraits and early American
views for the “Massachusetts Magazine,’ published in
that city. In 1803 Hill engraved some Bible plates for
the New York publisher, William Durell. In Russell’s
Gazette, Boston, Feb. 14, 1794, Samuel Hill advertises
as engraver and copperplate printer, with a shop at No.
2 Cornhill.
HILLER, J., JR.
A close copy of the Joseph Wright etching of Wash-
ington (Hart 140) is signed J. Hiller Jwr Sculp. 1794.
This Hiller portrait has only appeared on the back of
playing cards and the few copies known all come fxain
New England.
It is possible that this J. Hiller, Jr.;was Joseph Hiller,
Jr., son of Major Joseph Hiller, an officer in the Revo-
lution and the collector of customs at Salem, Mass., in
1789-1802. The younger Hiller was born in Salem,
June 21, 1777; and the “Cleveland Genealogy” says that
he was lost overboard from a ship off the Cape of Good
Hope Aug. 22,1795. If these dates are correct he would
only have been about seventeen years of age at the time
the portrait was produced. |
The etching is well done for one so young. The
“Essex Institute Collections,” in speaking of Major
Hiller, says that he was “a man of great mechanical in-
genuity’”’; and the son may have added artistic ability to
this inherited talent, or he may have been assisted 1 in the
etching by his father.
128
| BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
HILLS, J. H. |
This line-engraver was working at his profession in
Burlington, Vt., about 1845-50. Though his plates pos-
sess considerable merit, his lack of business ability inter-
fered with his success, and he abandoned engraving.
HINGSTON, ——
Hingston was a line-engraver of bill-heads and work
of that description, apparently working in Georgetown,
near Washington, D. C., as he signs his plates Hingston
ft.,G. Town. One of his plates is a bill-head for the City
Hotel of Alexandria, Va. The work appears to belong
to the first quarter of the last century.
HINMAN, D. C.
This capital engraver of portraits in stipple was work-
ing about 1830-35; both over his own name and as a
member of the firm of Daggett, Hinman & Co., of New
Haven, Conn.
HINSCHELWOOD, ROBERT
Born in Edinburgh in 1812; was living after 1860.
Hinschelwood was a pupil of James and John John-
stone, engravers of Edinburgh, and he studied drawing
under Sir William Allen. He came to the United States
about 1835, and was employed as a landscape engraver
by the Harpers and other New York publishers. He also
worked for the Ladies Repository, of Cincinnati, about
1855, and was later a long time in the employ of the Con-
tinental Bank Note Co., of New York.
Hinschelwood married a sister of James Smillie, and
129
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
many of his landscape plates are engraved after Smillie’s
drawings.
HOBART, ELIJAH
Born in England; was killed in battle during the Civil
War of 1861-65. As early as 1845 Hobart was engrav-
ing in Albany and in New York. He was a good line-
engraver of portraits, and was at one time apparently in
the employ of Joseph Andrews, as we find plates en-
graved by Hobart under the “direction of that engraver.
The most ambitious work of this engraver found by the
writer is a folio line-plate of “The Landing of the Pil-
grims,” dedicated to the Pilgrims Society at Plymouth
and published by Hobart in 1850, apparently in Boston,
Mass.
HOLLYER, SAMUEL
Born in London in 1826; living in 1906 at Hudson
Heights, near Guttenberg, N. J. Mr. Hollyer was a
pupil of the Findens in London. He came to the United
States in 1851; but he twice returned to England for
periods of two and six years, and finally settled in this
country in 1866. Besides engraving, Mr. Hollyer was
engaged here at different times in lithography, photog-
raphy, and the publishing business.
He is an excellent engraver in both line and in stipple,
and has produced a large number of portraits, land-
scapes, and historical subjects. Among his larger and
best plates are “The Flaw in the Title’; “Charles Dick-
ens in his Study,” and “The Gleaner.” Heis still actively
engaged in engraving.
130
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
HOOGLAND, WILLIAM
Hoogland was an admirable engraver in both line and
stipple. He appears in New York about 1815 as the de-
signer and engraver of vignettes. In 1826 he was work-
ing with Abel Bowen, in Boston, and among his pupils
there were John Cheney and Joseph Andrews. In 1841
he was again located in business in New York. Hoog-
land was one of the early American bank-note en-
gravers.
HOOKER, WILLIAM
As early as 1805 Hooker was engraving in Philadel-
phia, and in 1810 he was one of the organizers of the Phil-
adelphia Society of Artists. In 1816 he removed to New
York and his name appears in the directories of that city
until 1840. His occupation is generally given as “en-
graver’; but he also appears as “map-publisher” and as
“instrument maker and chart-seller to the U. S. Navy.”
The “New Pocket Plan of New York,” of 1817, is
“Drawn, engraved, published and sold” by Hooker. —
Hooker engraved a few portraits in stipple and sub-
_ject plates in line; but he seems to have been chiefly em-
ployed in map engraving.
HOPKINS, DANIEL
This man engraved the music and words for “The
Rudiments of Music, etc.,” by Andrew Law, A.M.,
author of “Select Harmony,” ete. The book is dated in
1788, and it was published in Cheshire, Conn. |
181
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
HOPPIN, THOMAS FREDERICK
Born in Providence, R. I., Aug. 15, 1816; Hoppin
studied art in Philadelphia, and with Delaroche in Paris.
In 1837 he opened a studio in New York as a designer
for the publishers of that city. Two etchings published
by the American Art Union in 1848 and 1850 seem to be
the only work of this artist upon copper. These are en-
titled “The Escape of Captain Wharton” and “The
Rescue of Captain John Smith.” Both are designed by
Hoppin, and in the etching he attempted the decided out-
lines of some of the early masters, at the expense, how-
ever, of delicacy and finish.
\
HORNER, T.
About 1844 Horner was living at Sing Sing, N. Y.,
and he there engraved a large “View of New York from
Brooklyn,” published by W. Neale, of New York.
HORTON, |
Horton was engraving portraits in stipple and views
in line in 1830-835 for Philadelphia and Baltimore pub-
lishers. |
HOULTON, J.
A poorly designed and roughly engraved heading to a
certificate of the Charitable Marine Society, of Balti-
more, is signed J. Houlton Sculpt. As the certificate is
filled out in 1797, it must have been engraved prior to
that date. The design shows Columbia handing a book
to a sailor, with a harbor, ship in full sail, lighthouse, etc.,
132
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
in the background. The plate is further nese I. Kemel-
meyer Delin’t.
HOUSH, 'TIMOTHY
House was a bank-note engraver, of Newtonville,
Mass., chiefly employed in Boston. He engraved a few
portraits for book publishers, and he seemed to be work-
ing as early as 1836. He died about 1865.
HOUSTON, H. H.
Houston was one of the earliest really good stipple-en-
gravers of portraits who worked in the United States.
He probably came here from Ireland, as the “Hibernian
Magazine,” of Dublin, contains portraits very similar in
execution to his known work and signed H. Houston.
Houston appears in Philadelphia in 1796; and as his
latest dated work was done in 1798, his stay here was a
comparatively short one. He engraved two separate
plates of John Adams, and portraits of Washington,
Rittenhouse, Kemble as Richard III, Kosciusko, ete.
The first state of the John Adams plate published in
Philadelphia in 1797 is lettered H. H. Houston, Sculp’.
Another plate is signed H. I. Houston, but H. Houston ~
is his more usual signature.
HOWE, Z.
This name, as Z. Howe Sc’t, is signed to a poorly en-
graved figure of a man used as a denied eas to “A New
Collection of Sacred Harmony, etc.,” by Oliver Brown-
son, Simsbury, Conn., 1797. ‘The music in this collection
is also doubtless engraved by Howe.
133
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
HUMPHREYS, F.
FI’. Humphreys was a capital engraver of portraits and
subject plates in both mezzotint and in line. He was
employed in 1850—58 by the Methodist Book Concern, of
Cincinnati, Ohio.
HUMPHRYS, WILLIAM
Mr. Baker, in his “American Engravers,” says that
William Humphrys was born in Dublin in 1794, and died
in Genoa, Italy, June 21, 1865. He adds that he learned
to engrave with George Murray in Philadelphia; went
to England in 1823; returned to this country in 1843,
and in 1845 again went abroad to remain there for the
rest of his life. Mr. Baker credits him with numerous
small Annual plates, but says that he was principally en-
gaged in bank-note engraving.
From the evidence of plates so signed, this brief sketch
seems to be generally correct, though he probably did not
leave Philadelphia quite as early as Mr. Baker believes.
In the encyclopedia published by S. F. Bradford, Phila-
delphia, 1805-18, we find plates of a simple character
signed “Humphrys Sculp’t.” As George Murray also
engraved for this edition, the plates mentioned may be
the work of his apprentice. In 1823 W. Humphrys was
engraving portraits in Philadelphia in conjunction with
J. Nesmith; and about 1825 we have a beautifully en-
graved business-card of “W. Humphrys, Engraver of
History, Landscape, etc. Philadelphia.”
In 1826 plates were engraved by W. Humphrys in
London, and published in that city, after designs by C.
R. Leslie. Mr. Alfred Jones says that he met William
134
CTE AIO CO Bee IEC L OT ae EE
Shela sgh oes nee ce
. Sainted &Sngvaved be FE Savaae
GENERAL GEORGE WASHING TON.
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
-_ Humphrys in London about 1846, and he was there
known as the “American Engraver.” At that date Hum-
phrys was a man about fifty years of age, which would
closely agree with the date of birth given by Mr. Baker.
The name of Humphrys is signed to a considerable
number of admirable line vignettes and small magazine
plates. The portrait of General Israel Putnam, appear-
ing in the “National Portrait Gallery” of 1834, is a most
excellent piece of stipple work, and is signed as engraved
by “W. Humphreys.” This may be another man, as the
“American engraver’ W. Humphrys worked in line.
HUNT, SAMUEL VALENTINE
Born in Norwich, England, Feb. 14, 1803; died at
Bay Ridge, N. Y., in 1898. Mr. Baker says that Hunt
was originally a taxidermist and was a self-taught artist
and engraver. He came to the United States in 1834,
and was then an excellent line-engraver of landscape.
He worked for New York and Cincinnati publishing
houses.
HUNTINGTON, E.
In 1828 E. Huntington engraved in line the maps,
diagrams, and a series of small American views appear-
ing in a school atlas published in New York, though each
plate is copyrighted in Connecticut in 1828-30. He was
in business in Hartford, Conn.
HURD, E.
FE. Hurd was a line-engraver of buildings, etc., work-
ing about 1840. His work possesses very little merit and
the compiler has been unable to locate him.
135
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
HURD, NATHANIEL 3
Born in Boston, Mass., Feb. 18, 1730; died there, Dec.
17, 1777. Nathaniel Hurd was the son of Jacob Hurd
and Elizabeth, the only daughter of John Mason, of
Kingston, Jamaica. He was a lineal descendant of John
Hurd, who settled in Charlestown in 1639. In the “Bos-
ton Gazette,” of April 28, 1760, Hurd advertises his
business as follows: “Nathaniel Hurd Informs his Cus-
tomers he has remov’d his shop from MacCarty’s corner,
on the Exchange, to the Back Part of the opposite Brick
Building where Mr. Ezekiel Price Kept his Office.
Where he continues to do all sorts of Goldsmith’s Work.
Likewise engraves in Gold, Silver, Copper, Brass and
Steel, in the neatest Manner, and at reasonable Rates.”’
But Hurd was engraving upon copper at an earlier date
than this, as a book-plate of 'Thomas Dering is noted as
engraved by Hurd in 1749. In 1762 he engraved a rare
caricature portrait of Dr. Seth Hudson, a notorious char-
acter; and in 1764, a portrait of the Rev. Joseph Sewall.
With these exceptions, and a Masonic notice engraved
about 1764, numerous book-plates constitute the known
engravings of Nathaniel Hurd.
The only early published record of Hurd is found in
the “New England Magazine,” Vol. III, Boston, 1882.
This article is illustrated by a lithographic portrait of
Hurd, said to have been made from a mezzotint engraved
by “a man by the name of Jennings,” after a painting by
J.S. Copley, then (1882) in the possession of a descend-
ant living in Medford, Mass. For further particulars of
this “Jennings” see the sketch of Richard Jennys, Jr.
As showing the varied character of the work performed
136 |
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
by this early American engraver, we have the following
bill, preserved in the Thomas Addis Emmet manuscripts,
in the Lenox Library:
| “Boston, June 16, 1773
“Thos. Fayerweather Esq., to Nat. Hurd, Dr.
“To taking out Crest from Salts & putting in
New £1. 4.—
To Mend’g Sauce pan & can 12.—
_To Large Crest on Sauce pan 12.—
To taking out Arms from Coffee pott and
yr arms in 2. 5.—
QO. tenor £4.13.—
‘Received the above in full.
“Nath. Hurd.”
HUTT, JOHN
In Rivington’s “New York Gazette,’ for June 9,
1774, we find the following: “John Hutt, Engraver in
general, from London, at Mr. Hewitt’s directly opposite
the Merchants Coffee House, in Dock Street, New York,
Engraves— Coats of Arms, Crests, Seals and Cyphers,
Bills of Exchange, Bills of Lading, Shop Bills, Bills of
Parcels, Card Plates, Hat do., Watch do. etc., Archi-
tecture, Frontispieces, Door-plates, Compliment Cards,
Plate, Dog-Collars, etc., Stamps, ete. Gentlemen dis-
posed to employ him may depend on the utmost neatness
_and dispatch.”
In the “New York Mercury,” Sept. 8, 1774, Hutt ad-
vertises that he had set up a press for copperplate print-
ing “by means of which he will be enabled to execute
137
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
every piece of engraving he is favored with, in a more
expeditious and reasonable manner.”
The only examples of Hutt’s work known to the com-
piler are some book-plates and a few diagrams engraved
in connection with John Norman and published in Phila-
delphia in 1775.
HUTTON, ISAAC ann GEORGE
This firm of jewelers and silversmiths, of Albany,
N. Y., about 1796, made dies for seals; one for the Union
University, at Schenectady, N. Y. But as this firm em-
ployed engravers—among these Gideon F'airman, about
1795—the actual work was probably done by some one
in their employ.
HUTTON, J.
A. fairly well-engraved line plate of a battle scene is
signed J. Hutton, Sc’t Alb’y. The print was apparently
made about 1825—30, but no other work by Hutton is
known.
ILLMAN, THOMAS
Illman was born in England, and was engraving in
London in 1824. About six years later he came to New
York, and at once formed the engraving firm of [Iman
& Pilbrow; and the office of this firm was on Hudson St.,
near St. Luke’s Church, until 1836. Thomas Iman en-
graved a considerable number of portraits and views over
his own name, and as many more were issued under the
firm name of Ijman & Pilbrow. He worked in stipple
and in mezzotint and was a good engraver.
138
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
ILLMAN Sons, about 1845, engraved portraits for both
New York and Philadelphia publishers.
IttmMAn Bros. established an engraving business in
Philadelphia which is still in existence.
H. Inuman and G. IxtmMan, who were probably the
above “sons,” separately signed portraits and subject
plates engraved about 1855-60.
JACKMAN, W.G.
Jackman was born in England and came to the United
States about 1841. He established himself in business in
New York and was largely employed by the Harpers,
Putnams, and Appletons, publishers of that city. He
was a very good engraver of portraits and subject plates,
in both line and stipple; he also did some portrait work in
mezzotint for Harper & Bros.
JACKSON, ——
A very poorly engraved line plate is so signed as en-
graver. The plate represents “Capt. William Mason in
the Magazine, Fort Niagara, Sept. 1826.” |
JARVIS, JOHN WESLEY
Born in South Shields, England,in 1780; died in New
York, Jan. 14, 1839. About 1785 Jarvis was brought to
Philadelphia by his father, who was mate of a sailing
ship. He was later apprenticed to Edward Savage to
learn engraving. David Edwin was then in the employ of
Savage, and Jarvis says that Edwin taught him to draw
and to engrave. Jarvis went to New York with
Savage and Edwin; and the New York directory of 1805
139
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
contains the name of “J. Jarvis, engraver and drawing
school, 28 Frankfort St.”” The only plates known to the
compiler as executed by Jarvis are a mezzotint portrait
of David Rittenhouse and a portrait of the Rev. John
W. Livingston.
Jarvis did not introduce the W. into his name until
1816, when the name appears in New York as “J. W.
Jarvis, portrait painter.” He is said to have been a
nephew of the eminent divine John Wesley. The further
career of Jarvis as a reputable and popular painter of
portraits is well known.
While Jarvis was in New York he published the prints
of other engravers: notably that of Robert R. Living-
ston, published in 1804 and engraved by George Graham.
JENCKES, JOSEPH |
Born in Colbrooke, England, in 1602; died in what is
now Saugus, Mass., March 16, 1683. In 1642 Jenckes
was induced to come from Hammersmith to establish the
first “foundry and forge” in the American Colonies. In
1652 a mint was established in Boston for the coining of
silver, and Jenckes, at the Lynn iron-works, made the
dies for the “Pine tree Shilling,” the first coin used in
this country. Jenckes built in 1654 the first fire-engine
made in this country; invented the grass-scythe still in
common use; made machinery for ‘wire-drawing, and
made many other improvements in tools and machinery.
JENNYS, RICHARD, JR.
A well-executed mezzotint portrait of Rev. Jonathan
Mayhew is signed by Richard Jennys, Jr., as engraver.
140
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
It was published in Boston about 1774 and was “Printed
& Sold by Nat. Hurd, Engraver, on ye Exchange.”
This Richard Jennys is doubtless the “Jennings”’ re-
ferred to in the “New England Magazine,” of July,
1832, as the engraver of a mezzotint portrait of Nathaniel
Hurd, after a painting by Copley, which served as the
original for a lithographic portrait of Hurd contained in
that magazine. The plate of Dr. Mayhew shows a direct
business connection between Jennys and Hurd; and it is
_ thus probable that he engraved the portrait of Hurd re-
ferred to. No such portrait, saa has ever been found
by the compiler.
Dunlap, in copying the error of the “New England
Magazine,” says that this engraver returned to England
at the outbreak of the Revolution.
JEWETT, CHARLES A.
Born in Lancaster, Mass., in 1816; died in New York
in 1878. This good line-engraver of subject plates was
engraving in New York in 1838. He later removed to
Cincinnati, O., and about 1853 he was conducting an ex-
tensive engraving business in that city. In 1860 he was
again located in New York.
JOCELYN, NATHANIEL
Born in New Haven, Conn., Jan. 31, 1796; died there
Jan. 13, 1881. Nathaniel Jocelyn was the son of a watch-
maker and he thoroughly mastered that business. At the
age of eighteen years he was apprenticed to an engraver,
and when he was twenty-one he entered into partnership
with Tisdale, Danforth and Willard in the Hartford -
141
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
Graphic and Bank Note Engraving Company; he later,
with Mr. Danforth, virtually founded the National
Bank Note Engraving Company. Jocelyn’s chief work
in this firm was letter engraving; though as early as 1816
he engraved in line a plate for “The Naval Monument,”
published by Abel Bowen.
Dissatisfied with engraving, Jocelyn gave it up in 1820
and became a painter of portraits, and exhibited at the
National Academy in 1826. He went abroad with S. F.
B. Morse in 1829-30, and became a meritorious portrait-
painter. He was made an Academician of the National
Academy on May 138, 1846.
JOCEKLYN, SIMEON S.
Born in New Haven, Conn., Nov. 21, 1799; died in
Tarrytown, N. Y., Aug. 17,1879. S.S. Jocelyn was en-
graving line portraits in New Haven, after drawings by
N. Jocelyn, as early as 1824; and in 1827 the engraving
firm of N. & S. S. Jocelyn was in business in that city.
S. S. Jocelyn and S. B. Munson were also associated as
engravers. Later, Simeon S. Jocelyn, who had been in-.
terested in the cause of the negro as early as 1831, aban-
doned engraving and became prominent in the antisla-
very movement.
JOHNSON, DAVID G.
Was a painter and a line-engraver of portraits and
views of little merit, who was working in New York in
1831-35, and again in 1845.
142
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BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
JOHNSON, W. T.
Engraved subject plates for “Sartain’s Magazine”
about 1850. :
JOHNSTON, DAVID CLAYPOOLE
Born in Philadelphia, March, 1797; died at Dorches-
ter, Mass., Nov. 8, 1865. In 1815 Johnston was a pupil
of the Philadelphia engraver Francis Kearny; and in
1819 he was in business for himself etching caricatures of
Philadelphia celebrities. The complaints of some of his
victims finally became so loud that the publishers and
print-sellers declined to handle his plates.
Johnston then abandoned engraving for thestage, mak-
ing his debut as an actor, in 1821, as Henry in “Speed
the Plough,” at the Walnut St. Theater in Philadel-
phia. In 1825 an engagement at the Boston Theater took
him to that city; and at the end of the season he again
took up engraving and located himself permanently in
Boston. ;
Johnston engraved a few good portraits in stipple and
some line illustrations for the Boston publishers, and he
also drew upon stone for lithographers. But he is best
known by his annual publication of “Scraps,” first issued
in 1880. This Annual was usually made up of four to six
sheets, each containing from nine to twelve small etched
caricatures of local, social, or political significance, both
designed and etched by Johnston. The character and
general excellence of these etchings gained for John-
ston the name of the “American Cruikshank.”
His son, Thomas Murphy Johnston, is said to have in-
herited his father’s ability. |
143
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
JOHNSTON, THOMAS
Born in Boston, Mass., in 1708; died there May 8,
1767, and was buried in King’s Chapel burying-ground.
The “Boston Evening Post,” May 11, 1767, says: “Last
Friday Morning, died here Mr. Thomas Johnston, Jap-
anner, Painter and Engraver, after a short illness, being
seized with an Apoplectic Fit a few days before.”
Johnston was a fairly good engraver of maps, build-
ings, book-plates, sheet music, etc., and he was also a her-
aldic painter. His plan of Boston, signed as Engraven
by Thos. Johnson, Boston, N.E., is dedicated to His Ex-
cellency William Burnet by the publisher, William Bur-
gis. As Burnet was governor of the Colony of Massa-
chusetts Bay in 1727—29, it would appear that this plate
must bear about the same date, and it would thus be the
earliest known production of Johnston. His other known
plates bear much later dates, or 1755—63. Judging from
the ornamental title and the arms of Governor Burnet
on the plan referred to, Johnston did his best work as a
heraldic engraver; and Charles Dexter Allen, in his
“American Book-plates,” mentions several plates execu-
ted by this engraver.
Mr. Wm. H. Whitmore says that on Jan. 19, 1736—
37, Thomas Johnston was married to Jean Hogg; and
that he was again married, on Aug. 6, 1747,to Bathsheba
Thwing, at the Second Church in Boston, by the Rev.
Joshua Gee. He left sons, James, John, and Samuel.
His name was generally spelled “Johnston”; and the
signature to the Boston map is either an engraver’s error,
or is due to the carelessness of the period in spelling
family names. |
144
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
JONES, ALFRED .
Born in Liverpool, England, April 7, 1819; acciden-
tally killed in New York, April 18, 1900. Mr. Jones
came to the United States as a very young man and in
1834 he was apprenticed to the engraving firm of Raw-
don, Wright, Hatch & Edson, of Albany, N. Y. He
later studied at the National Academy of Design, in
New York, and in 1839 he was awarded the first prize
in drawing. Mr. Jones was made an Academician of the
National Academy on May 14, 1851.
About 1841 Alfred Jones began engraving over his
own name, and in 1843 he engraved in line his first large
plate, “The Farmers’ Nooning,” after the painting by
W.S. Mount; this plate was executed for the American
Art Union. In 1846-47 he visited England to perfect
himself in his art, and he there worked under some of the
best London masters and made the acquaintance of a
- number of the prominent English engravers of that pe-
riod. Upon his return to New York he engaged in busi-
ness for himself and also worked for other engravers.
Being himself an admirable line-engraver, about 1850
Mr. Jones became interested in bank-note engraving,
and to this branch of his profession he devoted the re-
mainder of his life. In 1866 he was the president of
the United States Bank Note Co., of New York; and
in 1868-70 he was vice-president of the British Ameri-
ean Bank Note Co., of Montreal and Toronto, Mr.
William C. Smillie being the president. Later in life
he worked independently, chiefly for the American Bank
Note Co.
Mr. Jones was practically the first man to invent a
145
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
process for successfully producing a plate directly from
a photograph that could be printed with type—the popu-
lar “half-tone process” of the present day. He made his
negative upon crown glass and produced the “screen” by
ruling this negative in a ruling-machine; from this ruled
negative an electrotype was made. The process was suc-
cessful and plates thus made were used by the Harpers in
their publications; but the invention of the photographic
screen by Ives, while obtaining the same result, so de-
creased the cost of production that it superseded the
method invented by Mr. Jones.
As a line-engraver Mr. Jones had few, if any, supe-
riors in this country; and his large plate of “The
Image Breaker,” published by the American Art Union
in 1850, is deservedly recognized as one of the best en-
gravings ever produced in the United States. Among
other fine examples of his work published by the Art
Union, are “Mexican News” (1851), “The New
Scholar” (1850), and “The Capture of Major André.”
Mr. Jones continued to engrave with undiminished
skill up to the time of his death; his late portraits of
Washington, A. B. Durand, and Thomas Carlyle
being admirable examples of a combination of line work
with etching.
JONES, A. L.
Plates so signed are really engraved by W. S. Law-
rence, an apprentice to Alfred Jones, and were finished
by Mr. Jones. A further notice of Lawrence will be
found in its proper place.
146
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
JONES, BENJAMIN
Benjamin Jones was located in Philadelphia in 1798-
1815, inclusive. He engraved in line subject plates pos-
sessing little merit, and Dunlap says that he was living in
1833. _ :
“Poulson’s Advertiser,” Philadelphia, June 28, 1804,
announces his marriage as follows: “On Monday, the
28th ult. by the Rev. Joseph Turner, Mr. Benjamin
Jones, engraver, to Miss Alice Howard Hill, both of
this city.”
JONES, FITZEDWARD
This good engraver of subject plates and portraits in
mezzotint and in stipple was originally a printer in Car-
lisle, Pa. It is not known where or when he learned to
engrave; but in 1854 he was in business in Cincinnati,
O., as a “Practical portrait, historical and landscape
engraver and plain and color printer,” according to
his business-card. He also worked for many years for
the Western Methodist Book Concern, of Cincinnati. .
JONES, R. S.
Jones was a line-engraver working in Boston in 1873.
JONES, WILLIAM R.
This capital engraver of portraits in the stipple man-
ner was born in the United States and first appears in
Philadelphia in 1810, when he was an Associate of the
Society of Artists of the United States, organized in
Philadelphia in that year. As an engraver his name ap-
| 147
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
pears in the directories of Philadelphia in 1811—24, in-
clusive.
JORDAN, HENRY
Born in England; came to the United States about
1886, and was for a time in the employ of Alfred Jones,
in New York City. Jordan was a good line-engraver of
landscape, and was later a member of the engraving firm
of Jordan & Halpin. He returned to England for atime,
but ultimately settled permanently in the United States.
JUSTICK, JOSEPH
In 1804 Justice was working in New York in connec-
tion with Scoles; and the directories of Philadelphia lo-
cate him in that city as an engraver from 1810 until 1833.
His plates show an ineffective combination of etching
and stipple work, poorly done.
KEARNY, FRANCIS
Born in Perth Amboy, N. J., about 1780; living in
1833. Kearny is said to have been a nephew of Com-
modore James Lawrence; and Westcott, in his “History
of Philadelphia,” says that he learned drawing with
Archibald and Alexander Robertson, and engraving
with Peter R. Maverick,in New York City. Kearny was
in business in New York in 1798-1801 as an engraver.
In 1810 he appeared in Philadelphia and he remained
there continuously until 1833.
Kearny founded his fame as an engraver upon a faith-
ful copy of “The Last Supper,” after Raphael Morghen,
and he engraved some other capital line work of a large
148 |
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
size. He did considerable work in line, stipple, and aqua-
tint for the magazines, Annuals, and book publishers;
and in 1823 he was interested in bank-note work as a
member of the firm of ‘Tanner, Vallance, Kearny & Co., of
Philadelphia. About 1820 he was engraving upon his
own account in that city, with an office at No. 62 South
Fourth Street.
KEENAN, WILLIAM
This etcher of portraits and line-engraver of vignettes
and subject plates was working for the magazine and
book publishers of Philadelphia in 1830—33. He then ap-
parently located himself in business in Charleston, S. C.,
as we find an aquatint view of Charleston, engraved by
Keenan and published by him at “132 King St., Charles-
ton, S. C.,” and other plates executed for book publishers
in that city in 1835. Some of these latter plates are in-
scribed as Drawn, Engraved and Printed by W.. Keenan.
KELLOGG, J. G. |
Kellogg was a capital engraver of portraits in line,
working in New Haven, Conn., about 1850.
KELLY, J.
This engraver, in 1851, had an office at 141 Fulton St.,
New York City. He engraved portraits in a mixed
manner.
KELLY, THOMAS
Born in Ireland about 1795; died in the almshouse in
New York City about 1841. The professional career of
149
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
this very good engraver in line and in stipple is difficult
to trace. He was working for Boston publishers in 1823,
was in Philadelphia in 1831-33, and in New York in
1834-35. Kelly was associated for a short time with
Joseph Andrews, in Boston. Besides his portraits he en-
graved a considerable number of good plates for the An-
nuals and magazines. Later in life he contracted bad
habits and died as stated above. |
KENNEDY, JAMES
In 1797 this engraver in line and in stipple was work-
ing for the New York publisher John Low. He remained
in that city until 1812, and then went to Philadelphia;
as he was later employed by the publishers S. F’. Brad-
ford and 'T’. W. Freeman, both of that city.
KENSETT, JOHN FREDERICK
Born in Cheshire, Conn., March 22, 1818; died in New
York City, Dec. 16, 1872. Kensett was the son of
Thomas Kensett, a print publisher and engraver of
Cheshire, and he was early apprenticed to his uncle,
Alfred Daggett, a reputable engraver of New Haven,
Conn., and engraved over his own name a few book illus-
trations and vignettes in this country. In 1840 he went
to England to study art, and during his five years’ stay
in that country he partially supported himself by en-
graving. Kensett continued his studies in Rome and re-
turned to the United States in 1848. He opened a studio
in New York and established a reputation as a painter of
landscape. |
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BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
KENSETT, THOMAS
In 1812 Thomas Kensett was a member of the engrav-
ing and print publishing firm of Shelton & Kensett, lo-
cated at Cheshire, Conn. As evidence that he was an en-
graver himself we have a well-executed map of Upper and
Lower Canada, published Nov. 2, 1812, and signed Ken-
sett Sculp. Cheshire, Conn’t. Another large plate en-
titled “Brother Jonathan’s Soliloquy on the Times” is
signed Kensett, Paint et Sculp.
Mr. H. W. French, in his “Art and Artists in Con-
necticut,’ says that Thomas Kensett came from England
to Cheshire in 1812, and had previously been an engraver
at Hampton Court, in England. And Mr. James Terry
says that he was born in England in 1786 and died in
1829.
KERNAN, F. G.
This man was an engraver of portraits, in a mixed
style, located in New York in 1870.
KERSHAW, J. M.
This engraver of buildings, etc., was working in St.
Louis, a 1850.
KEY, F. C. |
The firm of F. C. Key & Sons, of No. 128 Arch St.,
Philadelphia, was engaged in die-sinking and embossing
about 1850. A fairly well-executed head of Millard Fill-
more was published by this firm. It is embossed on white
paper, surrounded by an oval in gold, with the name and
publisher also printed in gold. )
: 151
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
KEY, WILLLIAM H. | |
Born in Brooklyn, N. Y.; was living in 1892. From
1864 until 1892, and possibly later, Key was an assistant
engraver for the U. S. Mint at Philadelphia. Key en-
graved the dies for the Kane Expedition medal and a
medal for Archbishop Wood.
KIDDER, J.
The “Polyanthos,” Boston, June, 1813, refers edito-
rially to an aquatint “View on Boston Common” con-
tained in that number, and says it is “a specimen of the
talents of Master J. Kidder, a youth of Boston, and also
his first essay in aquatinta.” Kidder’s few plates, all in
aquatint, represent views in and about Boston. Kidder
designed plates engraved by Abel Bowen about 1823.
KIMBERLY, DENISON |
Born in Guilford, Conn., in 1814; Kimberly was a fel-
low-student with George H. Cushman in the engraving
establishment of Asaph Willard; and as a line-engraver
of portraits he achieved considerable success. He was
working in 1830 for S. Walker, the Boston publisher,
and was later connected with the Franklin Print Com-
pany, of Boston. In 1858 Kimberly abandoned engrav-
ing for painting; he studied in Boston, and in 1862 he
opened a studio in Hartford and in Manchester. He was
chiefly engaged in portrait work, producing good like-
nesses, strong and free in outline yet remarkably soft in
feature. The portrait of his friend Seth W. Cheney is
one of his best works.
152
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
KIMMEL, P. K.
Kimmel was a New York engraver of vignettes and
portraits, working about 1850, and was later amember of
theengraving firmof Capewell& Kimmel, of thesame city.
There was also an engraving firm of Kimmel & Foster.
KING, G. B.
This line-engraver produced some portraits and book
illustrations, of little merit, for the New York publishers |
of 1880-34.
KING, JAMES S.
The “Ladies Repository,” published in Cincinnati in
1852, contains some good line subject plates signed by
James S. King as engraver.
KINSEY, NATHANIEL, JR.
In 1854-55 this good landscape engraver was em-
ployed by the Western Methodist Book Concern, of Cin-
cinnati, O.
KIRK, JOHN
Born in England; died in the United States about
1862. Kirk came to the United States about 1841 and
was largely employed by the publishers G. P. Putnam,
and by A. B. Hall and other New York engravers. He
~~ did some admirable work in line.
KNEASS, WILLIAM :
Born in Lancaster, Pa., September, 1781; died in
Philadelphia, Aug. 27, 1840. It is not known with whom
158
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
Kneass learned to engrave, but he worked continuously in
Philadelphia as an engraver from 1805 to the time of his
death. On Jan. 29, 1824, he was appointed engraver and
die-sinker at the U. S. Mint, succeeding Robert Scot.
His work is usually in line, though he produced some
good aquatint views; and he was a member of the firms |
of Kneass & Dellaker and Young, Kneass Co., gen-
eral engravers.
An “engraved” portrait of William Kneass is sai to
be preserved in the assayer’s office of the U. S. Mint, in
Philadelphia. This portrait is inscribed “To his friend
Adam Eckfeldt, Chief Coiner” —the man who was chiefly
instrumental in securing his appointment.
KNIGHT, T. |
In 1856, and possibly earlier, Knight was a partner of
George Girdler Smith, of Boston, along with W. H.
Tappan; the firm name being Smith, Knight & Tappan.
His name is signed to some very good portraits executed
in both line and stipple.
KOEVOETS, H. & C.
This firm was engraving and publishing portraits in
New York about 1870.
KOSH, A. E.
Born in Germany about 1838; died in this country in
1897. Kosh was an engraver of landscape and subject
plates for the magazines, and came to the United States
in 1868.
154
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
KUPFER, R.
Line-engravings of some merit, published in New
York magazines about 1865, after drawings by Thos.
Nast and other American designers, are so signed.
Among other prints engraved by Kupfer is a folio plate
of a view of New York, published in 1867.
LAMB, ANTHONY
The “New York Mercury,” of Dec. 1, 1760, contains
the following advertisement: “Maps, Plans, Coats of
Arms, Shop Bills, Monthly Returns, and other Engrav-
ing neatly done on Silver, Copper, ete. with Care and
Dispatch, and all sorts of Copper Plate Printing done in
the best manner and at Reasonable Rates, at Anthony
Lamb’s, at Sir Isaac Newton’s Head, in New York.”
As Henry Dawkins lodged with Anthony Lamb pre-
vious to 1755, Lamb may have been an employer of en-
gravers, rather than an engraver himself. No pt
work signed by Lamb is known.
LAMB, JOHN
John Lamb was a New York silversmith; and in the
“Mercury”of March 15, 1756, he advertises “Engraving
in gold, silver, copper and other materials, by John
Lamb.”
LANG, GEORGE S.
Born in Chester Co., Pa., in 1799; living in Delaware
Co., Pa., in 1883. Mr. Baker says that Lang was a pupil
' of George Murray, the Philadelphia engraver, in 1815,
and that he abandoned engraving early in life. The Phila-
155
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
delphia directories, however, contain his name as “en-
graver” until 1833; and as his signed work is scarce, he
was probably employed in bank-note work. He was a
good line-engraver.
LAVIGNE, —— |
The few plates known signed by Lavigne are well exe-
cuted in stipple and appear in the “Polyanthos,” pub-
lished in Boston in 1814.
LAWRENCH, W.S.
This landscape engraver was an apprentice with Al-
fred Jones in 1840; and in 1846 he was engraving over
his own name for New York publishers. Mr. Jones says
that he early abandoned engraving and engaged in the
flour and grain business in New York. Plates signed
“A. L. Jones” were executed by Lawrence when an ap-
prentice with Alfred Jones, and were finished by the
latter.
LAWSON, ALEXANDER
Born in Ravenstruthers, Lanarkshire, Scotland, Dec.
19, 1773; died in Philadelphia, Aug. 22, 1846. An ex-
tended memoir of Alexander Lawson was read before
the Pennsylvania Historical Society, in 1878, by the late
Townsend Ward; and from this paper the following
brief sketch is compiled.
Alexander Lawson was left an orphan at the age of
fifteen years and was cared for by an elder brother re-
siding in Liverpool. He was later placed with a dealer
in books and engravings in Manchester, and his interest
156
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
in the prints he handled first induced him to attempt en-
graving. But as he sympathized deeply with the Revo-
lutionary movement in France, in 1798, Lawson deter-
mined to seek his future in that country; and as he could
not obtain a direct passage from England, he sailed for
the United States, expecting to return ona French vessel.
He landed at Baltimore on July 14, 1794, and was so
well pleased with the social and political conditions exist-
ing in this country that he changed his plans and con-
cluded to cast his lot with the Americans. He went to
Philadelphia, and as he seemed to have some knowledge
of engraving he first found employment with the en-
gravers Thackara & Vallance. Some time after this he
commenced business for himself and first attracted atten-
tion by his admirable plates for an edition of 'Thomson’s
“Seasons,” faithfully copied from the plates of the Eng-
lish engraver R. Rhodes. In 1798 Lawson met his fel-
low-countryman Alexander Wilson, and a firm and last-
ing friendship resulted. Lawson engraved the best plates
in Wilson’s famous “Ornithology,” the first volume of
which was issued in 1808, and those in its continuation by
Charles Lucien Bonaparte. In speaking of this work
Lawson says that he engraved these plates chiefly “for
the honor of his old country,” and for a financial return
not exceeding one dollar per day. He later, among other
work, engraved the plates for works on conchology, writ-
ten by Prof.S. S. Haldeman and Dr. Amos Binney, and
made some large historical plates. He worked entirely —
in line. |
Personally, says Mr. Ward, Alexander Lawson was
of tall and commanding figure, and he was well read in
157
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
English literature and the history of art. On June 6,
1805, he married Elizabeth Scaife, of Cumberland, Eng-
land, and two of his children became good engravers. A
considerable collection of the engraved work of Alex-
ander Lawson is in the possession of the Academy of
Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia.
LAWSON, HELEN E.
This daughter of Alexander Lawson made the draw-
ings for her father’s illustrations in the works of Prof.
Haldeman and Dr. Binney, and she also engraved sev-
eral plates of birds for a publication of about 1830. She
shows decided talent in this work.
LAWSON, OSCAR A.
Born in Philadelphia, Aug. 7, 1813; died there Sept.
6, 1854. This son of Alexander Lawson was probably a
pupil of his father, and he became an accomplished line-
engraver. He furnished a number of small plates for the
Annuals; but about 1840 he entered the service of the
U. S. Coast Survey, at Washington, as a chart engraver,
and he remained there until failing health one him
to resign in 1851.
Oscar A. Lawson was the father of Mary ee
Lawson, a poetess and early writer in Scotch dialect.
LEACH, SAMUEL
The “Pennsylvania Gazette,” of Dec. 10, 1741, adver-
tises that “Samuel Leach, from London, performs all
sorts of Engraving, such as Coats of Arms, Crests,
Cyphers, Letters, &c., on Gold, Silver, or Copper. Also
158
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engraving of all kinds for Silversmiths, N. B. The said
Leach may be heard of at Mr. Samuel Hazard’s, Mer-
chant, opposite the Baptist Meeting House, in Second
Street, or at Andrew Farrels, Tanner, in Chestnut
Street, Philadelphia.”
LE COUNT & HAMMOND
Well-engraved landscape plates published in 1840 are
thus signed. The second member of the firm was prob-
ably J.T. Hammond, who was in business as an engraver
in Philadelphia in 1839.
LEDDEL, JOSEPH, JR.
The “New York Weekly Post Boy,” May 18, 1752,
contains the advertisement of Joseph Leddel, Jr., for the
sale of all manner of pewterwork. At the end of this ad-
vertisement he says that “He also engraves on Steel,
Iron, Gold, Silver, Copper, Brass, Pewter, Ivory or
Turtle Shell, in a neat manner very reasonably.”
LEE, HOMER
Born in Mansfield, O., in 1855; living in 1903. Homer
Lee was the son of John Lee, an engraver, and he re-
ceived some instructions from his father in this art. He
was later regularly apprenticed to a steel-engraver in
New York City; but his master having failed before the
expiration of his apprenticeship, he began business for
himself as Homer Lee & Co. He was successful, and in
1881 he founded the Homer Lee Bank Note Co. of New
York. Later he was vice-president and director of the
Franklin-Lee Bank Note Co., of the same city.
Mr. Lee studied art in Canada and in Europe, and re-
159
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
ceived honorable mention for one of his paintings at the
Vienna Exposition of 1873. He has exhibited as late as
1901.
As an inventor he devised the steel-plate printing sys-
tem named after him; the numbering machines used by
the U. S. Government and abroad; improvements in the
linotype composing machine, etc.
LEGGETT, R.
This good line-engraver of landscape, about 1870,
signed plates from “No. 4 John St., New York.”
LEHMAN, GEORGE
Born in Lancaster Co., Pa.; died in Philadelphia in
1870. About 1829 Lehman painted, engraved in aqua-
tint, and hand-colored a series of admirable views of
Pennsylvania towns. He also aquatinted a number of
smaller plates and drew for engravers. In 1835-87 he
was in the lithographing business in Philadelphia, and
was later a member of the print-publishing firm of Leh-
man & Baldwin, of the same city.
LEMET, L.
Lemet was a close follower of the methods of St. Me-
min, producing portraits by the same means and identical
in appearance and size. He was located in Philadelphia
in 1804; but about all that is known of him is contained
in the following advertisement in the “Albany Centinel”
of Nov. 15, 1805.
“Physiognetrace. Likenesses engraved. I. Lemet re-
spectfully informs the Ladies & Gentlemen of Albany
160
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
that he takes Likenesses in Crayons, as large as life, and
engraves them in a reduced size in a new and elegant
manner. The price of the large likenesses, with an en-
graved plate and twelve impressions, is $25 for gentle-
men, and $35 for ladies, or $6 for the drawing only. For
further particulars apply in his rooms at Capt. Lock-
woods, the corner of Dock in State Street, where a great
number of portraits of distinguished characters may be
seen. Oct. 14, 1805.”
Peter Maverick engraved after portraits drawn by
Lemet, but the compiler has only found a very few por-
trait plates actually engraved by Lemet; among these
are Dr. Ben Rush and Col. Joseph Shippen, both of
Philadelphia.
LENEY, WILLIAM SATCHWELL
Born in London, England, Jan. 16, 1769; died at
Longue Pointe, near Montreal, Canada, Nov. 26, 1831.
Leney was of Scotch descent and the son of Alexander
and Susanna Leney. He is said to have been a pupil of
the well-known English engraver Peltro W. 'Tompkins,
and Leney’s work bears evidence of a careful training in
the art of stipple-engraving. He was engraving over his
own name in London as early as 1791; and he achieved
_ such success that he was awarded a gold medal for his
large plate of the “Descent from the Cross.” Leney en-
graved a large number of portrait plates, in stipple and
in line, for London publishers.
About 1805 Leney was induced to come to the United
States; he settled in New York and seems soon to have
had abundant employment. His New York account-
16]
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
book, showing the prices that he separately charged for
the copper plate and his engraving, is in the possession
of Mr. W. C. Crane, of New York. This shows that he
was paid $100 to $150 for engraving an octavo portrait,
a very large price for that early period. About 1812 he
was associated with William Rollinson in the bank-note
business. Leney engraved the vignettes and charges Rol-
linson for the copper and the engraving in each case,
showing that the business was not a partnership. One of
Leney’s early plates executed in this country is that of
_“Moses in the Bullrushes,” done for Collins’ Bible pub-
lished in 1807; for this plate he is said to have received a
gold medal.
Before he came to this country, Leney married, at
Lambeth, England, Sarah White, born Feb. 10, 1773,
and who died in Canada, Sept. 28, 1884. About 1820
Leney removed to Canada and bought a farm of 300
acres at Longue Pointe, below Montreal. For a time he
followed his profession in Montreal, and he there en-
graved the first notes issued by the Bank of Montreal,
and a now scarce series of large plates of views in and
about Montreal. Mr. Leney had nine children and his
descendants are numerous.
LEPELLETIER
Maps and plans published by T. C. Fay, of New
York, in 1814, are signed Lepelletier, Sculpt, N. York.
LEWIS, J. r
The book-plate of Dr. Peter Middleton, who died in
New York in 1781, is signed J. Lewis sc. Dr. Middle-
162
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
ton, though born in Scotland, was located in New York
as early as 1750, and the plate bears evidence of Ameri-
can origin.
LEWIS, J. O.
This engraver in the stipple manner first appears in
books published in Philadelphia in 1815; and as he en-
graved the portrait of Lewis Cass, as secretary of war
under President Jackson, he must have been engraving
in 1881.
There is no record of such an engraver in the Philadel-
phia directories; and in the New York directory the near-
est approach to this name is “Joseph Lewis, engraver
and seal-cutter” in 1816-23. Lewis probably spent some
time in the western country, as he published in Philadel-
phia, in 1835, “The North American Aboriginal Port-
folio,” a collection of lithographic portraits of Indians;
some of these are inscribed as “Painted from life by J. O.
Lewis, at Detroit, 1833.” He seemingly engraved very
few plates and his work possesses little merit.
LINCOLN, JAMES SULLIVAN
Born in Taunton, Mass., May 18, 1811; died in Provi-
dence, R. I., Jan. 19, 1887. At the age of fourteen Lin-
coln was apprenticed to an engraver in Providence,
R. I.; and he is said to have executed engravings, though
none have been found by the compiler. After 1887 he
devoted himself solely to portrait-painting, in which
he was very successful. Lincoln was the first president
of the Providence Art Club.
163
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
LONGACRE, JAMES BARTON :
Born in Delaware Co., Pa., Aug. 11, 1794; died in —
Philadelphia, Jan. 1, 1869. Longacre was a descendant
of one of the early Swede settlers on the Delaware, and
he was taught to engrave by George Murray, in Phila-
delphia. His earliest work was done for S. F. Brad-
ford’s Encyclopedia, of 1805-18; but he first attracted
attention by his admirable large plate of Andrew Jack-
son, after the portrait by Thomas Sully, published in
Philadelphia in 1820. He soon found abundant employ-
_ ment in engraving portraits in the stipple manner, many
of them done after his own drawings from life.
About 1830,in connection with James Herring, Long-
acre conceived the idea of publishing the “American
Portrait Gallery”; a series of biographical sketches of
statesmen, military and naval heroes, and professional
men. ‘These were to be illustrated by portraits; and
Longacre set the standard of engraving so high, that
after employing the best engravers in this country, he
was compelled to induce others to come from Europe
especially for this purpose. He engraved a number of
these himself and drew the originals for other engravers;
and taken as a whole it was the best series of portraits
engraved in the United States up to that time.
The large plates of Longacre are remarkable for
their faithfulness as portraits and for the beauty of
their execution. ‘The majority of them are done in
the stipple manner; but his large plate of Charles Car-
roll, after the painting by Chester Harding, proves him
to have been an accomplished line-engraver. In 1844
Mr. Longacre was appointed engraver to the U. S.
164
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
Mint, succeeding C. Gobrecht, and he held that position
until his death.
LOVHE, G.
This name as engraver is appended to a very poor
frontispiece to Watts’ “Divine Songs,” published in
Philadelphia in 1807 by L. Johnson.
LOVETT, ROBERT
According to “Poulson’s Advertiser,’ Lovett was an
engraver upon metal and stone, located in Philadelphia
in 1816—22, inclusive. He was principally engaged in
engraving seals and dies. He removed to New York
about 1825, but returned to Philadelphia in after years.
LOWE, R.
Lowe was a script engraver employed in New York in
1838.
LOWNES, CALEB
The “Pennsylvania Magazine,’ Philadelphia, June,
1775, contains a fairly well-engraved line plate of a “New
Plan of Boston Harbour,” signed C. Lownes, Sculp.
This Caleb Lownes was a die-sinker and seal-cutter in
business in Philadelphia, and was a prominent citizen of
that city. In 1779, according to the Minutes of the Su-
preme Executive Council, he was paid £76 for cutting a
seal for the Pennsylvania Board of Admiralty. In 1797
Lownes was a member of the Board of Health of Phila-
delphia.
Caleb Lownes is credited with having engraved the
165
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
woodcut seal of arms used as the heading to early com-
missions and proclamations issued by the State of Penn-
sylvania. This State coat of arms, with the eagle as a
crest and harnessed horses as supporters, is found on proc-
lamations issued by the Supreme Executive Council of
Pennsylvania as early as 1786. It is well engraved, but
unsigned in the examples seen by the writer.
LYBRAND, J.
About 1820, J. Lybrand neatly engraved in line a
view of the Gilpin paper-mill, on Brandywine Creek,
Pa., after a drawing by B. K. Fox. Possibly a little
earlier than this, he was engraving in connection with R.
Campbell, of Philadelphia; these latter plates were also
in line, but very simple in character.
MAAS, JACOB
The only mention found of Jacob Maas is in connec-
tion with the engraving and sale of “Lafayette and
Washington badges” in 1824. 'The Philadelphia news-
papers of that year contain conditions of sale of “their
plates’; and this notice is signed jointly by “J. L. Fred-
erick and Jacob Maas, Engravers.”
McCABH, E.
This engraver of vignettes was seemingly working in
New York about 1855.
McCARTHY
McCarthy was a line-engraver of portraits, in the em-
ploy of J. C. Buttre, New York, in 1860-65.
166
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McCLUSKEY, WILLIAM
Some very well-executed subject plates, signed by
Wm. McCluskey as engraver, were published in the
“New Mirror,” New York, about 1845.
McGOFFIN, JOHN
Born in Philadelphia in 1818; was living in 1883.
McGoffin was an excellent line-engraver of landscape
and subject plates. He was a pupil of James W. Steel,
of Philadelphia, and he was in the employ of that en-
graver in 1834. Mr. Baker says that he painted minia-
tures for some years; but he evidently continued to en-
grave, and was working at least as late as 1876.
McLELLAN, H. B.
About 1860 this stipple-engraver of portraits was lo-
cated in Boston, Mass.
McRAE, JOHN C. |
McRae engraved portraits and subject plates, in both
line and stipple, for New York publishers of 1855. He
executed several large and excellent subject plates for
framing, and was working as late as 1880.
A portrait of John Wesley, in mezzotint and pub-
lished by Harper & Brother, New York, is signed McRae
sc. While inferior in execution to his other work, this
may have been engraved by John C. McRae.
J.M. AE. 14 sculp. 1758.
This early American engraver can not be identified by
the compiler. The only evidence of his existence is a
167 |
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
small quarto portrait of Frederick III of Prussia,
‘folded and inserted” in the New York Almanac for .
1759; New York: “Printed and Sold by Hugh Gaine at
the Bible and Crown in Hanover Square.” ‘This print
may be described as follows: Exxceedingly rude line work
with an attempt at stipple in the face. Vignette; half-
length in uniform standing to right, face front, right
hand on hip, left hand on hilt of sword resting on point;
muzzle of cannon in right base. Size 5.8< 5.5 ins. In-
scription: J. M. AE 14 sculp 1758 Frederick the Third
The Great King of Prussia Sold by J. Turner, in Arch
Street Philad’a.
This print was issued with the almanac; as Hugh
Gaine, in the “New York Mercury” of Nov. 6, 1758,
announces the publication of the almanac, and says,
“with a beautiful frontispiece of that Hero of the Age,
Charles Frederick, King of Prussia.” ‘The same alma-
nac contained a woodcut of the “Harbour of Louis-
bourg,” previously published in the “Mercury” for
August 14, 1758.
The probability is that this J. M. was a young appren-
tice of James Turner, the engraver; as the latter was cer-
tainly located in Philadelphia at that date and engraved
the large map of the “Province of Pennsylvania” pub-
lished by Nicholas Scull in 1759.
MACKENSIHE, E.
This accomplished engraver of portraits in the stipple
manner came from England, in 1883-84, to engrave for
the “National Portrait Gallery.” He remained in the
168
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
United States and was later largely employed in portrait
work by the Methodist Book Concern, of New York.
MACKLOW, J.
A well-engraved portrait of Martha Washington,
after the painting by Woolaston, is signed by this man
about 1835; and is further inscribed as “Engraved ex-
pressly for the Christian Family Annual.”
MAIN, WILLIAM
Born in New York City, and practised engraving
there between 1821 and 1838. ‘This American engraver
had an interesting career, and the unique distinction of
having been a pupil of the famous Raphael Morghen.
According to Wm. Dunlap, Main, as a young man, was
taken to Italy by Mauro Gandolfi, who came to this coun-
try, in 1817, under contract to engrave Col. Trumbull’s
“Declaration of Independence.” On account of what he
regarded as the relatively high cost of living in the
United States, Gandolfi broke his contract and returned
home the same year, and took Main with him under
promise of teaching him engraving. For some reason not
stated Main was abandoned in Florence, and he then ap-
plied to Morghen and was admitted and spent three
years in the studio of that great master. This statement
of Dunlap is supported by the fact that the peculiar en-
graving table brought by Main from Florence was for
many years in the possession of James Smillie, in New
York, and was always known among engravers as the
“Morghen table.” ,
In 1820 William Main returned to New York full of
169
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
enthusiasm for his art, and he opened a studio in that
city. With the purpose of demonstrating his ability he
paid $40 for the privilege of engraving in line an octavo
portrait of Rev. John Henry Hobart, after the painting
by John Paradise. The resulting 8vo plate was a good
piece of work; but Main declared that the proceeds from
the sale of the print “barely paid for the copper.” And
in a letter to Dunlap he says that the bulk of his early
employment here consisted in engraving “‘visiting cards,
door-plates and dog-collars.” |
He eventually found employment and engraved a few
portraits and book illustrations. William Main was one
of the founders of the National Academy of Design in
1826; and he was a member of the class of engravers,
along with Durand, Danforth, Peter Maverick, and C.
C. Wright. He was engraving as late as 1837, though he
seems to have left New York in 1833.
MAJOR, JAMES PARSONS
Born at Frome, Somersetshire, Kngland,in 1818; died
at Somerville, N. J., Oct. 17, 1900. Mr. Major came to
the United States as a bank-note engraver in 1830. He
resided in Brooklyn until 1872, and for over fifty-five
years he was in charge of the engraving and modeling
department of what is now the American Bank Note
Company, of New York.
MALCOM, JAMES PELLER
Born in Philadelphia, August, 1767; died in England,
April 5, 1815. Malcom began to engrave in Philadel-
170
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
phia prior to 1786; as he designed and engraved the fron-
tispiece for “The Lyric Works of Horace,” by John
Parke, published in that year in Philadelphia. This
plate is a somewhat ambitious piece of work, but is poorly
executed. Under the patronage of Rev. Jacob Duche
and other citizens of Philadelphia, Malcom was sent to
England to study art; and in a memoir written in 1805
he says that he attended the Royal Academy course for
three years.
Possibly as a means of self-support, Malcom en-
graved landscapes, buildings, etc., for several English
magazines; and among these were several Philadelphia
buildings. In 1792-93 he returned to Philadelphia;
and Alexander Lawson credits him with having en-
graved at this time an interior view of Christ Church,
in his native city. A photographic copy of such an en-
graving has been seen by the compiler, but the copy
bears no evidence of the engraver.
Malcom found little encouragement in Philadelphia,
and he soon returned to England and resumed work upon
the “Gentleman’s Magazine” and other English periodi-
cals. He became much interested in historical and an-
tiquarian research; was a Fellow of the Antiquarian So-
ciety, and published seven or more books. Among these
were “Londinium Redivivum,” 1802-05; “Excursions
in the Counties of Kent, Gloucester, etc.,” 1802-05;
“Anecdotes of the Manners and Customs of London,”
1808-11; and “Miscellaneous Anecdotes,” 1811. These
works were largely illustrated by plates engraved by
Malcom.
171 4
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
MANLY, JOHN
The only evidence of the work of this man as
an engraver is found in an etched portrait of
Washington, executed after 1789. Manly is said to
have been a die-sinker, and apparently flourished
about 1800.
In an advertisement in the ““F'reeman’s Journal,” Phil-
adelphia, 1790, “an artist” proposes “a subscription for
a medal of George Washington.” Subscriptions were
received at Wilmington by Peter Rynberg; and in
Philadelphia by J. Manly, “in the care of Robert
Patton, Postmaster.” This would indicate that Manly
was then in Philadelphia—if he were not the “artist”
referred to.
MANZO, JOSE
Born in Puebla, Mexico,in 1789; died in Mexico about
1840. Manzo studied painting under Salvador del
Huerto, and later applied himself entirely to engraving
and chasing on metal, in which art he excelled. In 1814
he was made the first director of the new Academy of
Design; in 1824 he was attached to the Embassy to
Rome, and in that-city and in Paris he perfected his
knowledge of engraving and also acquired the art of
lithography. He returned to Mexico in 1827, and bring-
ing with him the necessary presses, stones, etc., he founded
the latter industry in Mexico. Under government pat-
ronage he established a school of engraving and lithog-
raphy, in 1828, in the Cardine College, in the city of
Mexico...) 3)
172
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
MARCHANT, B.
The only engravings by Marchant seen by the com-
piler are line illustrations in “The Narrative of Capt.
James Riley,” published in New York in 1816.
MARE, JOHN DE
De Mare was born in Belgium; belonged to a noble
and ancient family, and was himself a highly cultivated
man. It is not known where he learned to engrave; but
he appeared in New York about 1850, and engraved in
line a few admirable book illustrations. He is said to
have returned to Kurope about 1861.
MARSAC, HARVEY
This name appears as an “engraver” in the New York
directory for 1834. As no work signed by him has been
found by the compiler, it can not be positively stated that
he engraved on copper.
MARSH, WILLIAM R.
Marsh was engraving vignettes, advertising cards,
ete., in New York, in 1833-48.
MARSHALL,——
In John Marshall’s “Life of George Washington,”
published by C. P. Wayne, Philadelphia, 1804-07, one
of the illustrative maps is signed Marshall Sct. This
map represents the relative positions of the American
and British forces prior to the battle of White Plains,
Oct. 28, 1776.
173
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
MARSHALL, WILLIAM EDGAR
Born in New York City, June 30, 1887, William E.
Marshall began bank-note engraving in New York with
Danforth, Wright & Co., and later devoted his time to
the engraving of large portraits in line, chiefly done from
portraits painted by himself. In 1864 he went abroad
and studied art in Paris for about two years, and exhib-
ited in the Salons: of 1865-66. On his return to this
country he painted portraits and again commenced en-
graving portraits. Mr. Marshall is best known as an
engraver by his large line plates of Washington, Lin-
coln, Gen. Grant, H. W. Longfellow, James G. Blaine,
etc. But one of the best examples of his portrait work is
the head of James Fenimore Cooper, engraved in 1861.
MARTIN, D.
D. Martin engraved at least one portrait, and also
some of the maps found in the “Monthly Military Re-
pository,” published by G. Smith, New York, 1796. These
are maps of military operations during the Revolution.
MARTIN, E.
In 1826 this man was engraving buildings, etc., for
Cincinnati publishers.
MARTIN, J. B.
Several stipple portraits, fairly well engraved, and pub-
lished in Richmond, Va., in 1822, are signed Engraved —
by J. B. Martin, Richm‘d.
Martin claimed to be an artist; and he drew upon stone
a good quarto portrait of John Randolph, of Roanoke.
174
Died A
he 2 ; %
IsJg
¢ cl f vont Orgs cool Liture.dn Mee”
Mechon of teeLuhe of } Chandrs.
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
This lithograph was printed by Cephas G. Childs, but is
signed as Drawn on Stone & Published by J. B. Martin,
Richm’d.
MARTIN, ROBERT
In 1860 this man produced some excellent line illus-
trations for Cooper’s works, published in New York.
MASON, ALVA
About 1819 the firm of W. & A. Mason advertised as
“Engravers of brass ornaments for book-binding etc.
charter and Patent Medicine Seals, Embossing plates
and Brass Engraving for Typographical Printing.”
Their establishment was located at No. 15 S. 4th St.,
Philadelphia. It is not known that this firm did any cop-
perplate engraving.
MASON, D. H.
The Philadelphia directories of 1805-18 contain the
name of D. H. Mason, “music-engraver.” In 1816 he
executed vignettes for the bank-note engraving firm of
Murray, Draper, Fairman & Co., of the same city; and
in 1830 Mason signed a certificate as “Architect and En-
graver.”
MASON, WILLIAM G.
This line-engraver of buildings, etc., was located in
Philadelphia in 1822-45, excepting the years 1823-29.
He made the illustrations for Joshua Shaw’s “U. S.
Architecture,” and for other publications by the same
author. Judging from the excellence of line vignettes
175.
}
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
engraved by Mason for bill-heads, etc., he was probably
chiefly engaged on bank-note work.
MAVERICK, MARIA A. anp EMILY
These two daughters of Peter Maverick, of New
York, separately engraved several admirable stipple il-
lustrations for an edition of Shakspere published about
1830. |
ANN Maverick, a daughter of Dr. Alexander An-
derson and the wife of Andrew Maverick, was a capital
wood-engraver at a somewhat later period.
Two other members of the Maverick family, Octavia
and Catherine, were engaged in art work: the first named
as teacher of drawing in the Packard Institute, of Brook-
lyn; and the other held a similar position in Madam
Willard’s school, in Troy, N. Y.
MAVERICK, PETER
Born in New York, Oct. 22, 1780; died there June 7,
1881. Peter Maverick was the son and pupil of Peter
Rushton Maverick, one of the early engravers of New
York. In 1802 Peter Maverick was in business in New
York as an engraver; but at a later period he removed to
Newark, N. J., where he was the preceptor and in 1817
the partner of A. B. Durand. Maverick returned to New
York and there conducted an extensive establishment as
a general engraver and copperplate printer; to this busi-
ness he finally added lithography. Peter Maverick was
one of the founders of the National Academy of Design
in 1826; and the “Historic Annals of the Academy” refer
to him as excelling in “letter engraving and bank-note
176 ‘
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
work.” A portrait of Peter Maverick is in existence
painted by John Neagle.
MAVERICK, PETER, JR.
All that is known of this man is that he was a son of
Peter Maverick, and the New York directories for 1832
—45 give his occupation as “engraver and lithographer.”
MAVERICK, PETER RUSHTON
Born in America, April 11, 1755; died in New York,
Dec. 12, 1811, according to an announcement in the
“Newark Centinel of Freedom,” of that year.
In the “New York Packet,” March 16,1786, Maverick
advertises his business as follows:
“The Subscriber, ever willing to serve the public, re-
spectfully informs them, that he carries on engraving,
seal-sinking and copper plate printing at No. 3 Crown
Street, where ladies may have their tea-table ware en-
graved in the most elegant manner and in the newest
fashion, resembling the flat chasing, as neat as in Europe.
“By their humble servant,
“Peter Maverick.”
This card is surmounted by a woodcut of a cherub
supporting a scroll inscribed “Arms, Seals, &c.,” and the
advertisement plainly indicates that, like other early
American engravers, the engraving of silver-plate and
book-plates formed the major part of his business. _
His copperplates, as a rule, are poor in execution,
though his book-plates are better. The stipple portrait
of Volney, signed by P. R. Maverick, is probably the
work of his son Peter, or some engraver in his employ.
177
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
MAVERICK, SAMUEL
This name is signed as engraver to book illustrations
published in New York in 1824. The New York direc-
tories call Samuel Maverick a “copperplate printer” in
1805, and in 1819-87 the occupation becomes “Engraver
and Copperplate printer.”” The name appears in these
directories until 1847.
But there was another Samuel Maverick—or Samuel
R. Maverick, as it was printed at times—who was some-
times an “engraver” and then “auctioneer and copper-
plate printer.”
MAXON, CHARLES
The New York directory for 18338 contains this name
as “engraver.” No copperplate is known so signed.
MEADOWS, C.
This engraver of portraits and buildings was in busi-
ness in Windsor, Vt. He was working about 1850—55.
\
MEADOWS, R. M.
A very well-executed stipple portrait of Edward Jen-
ner, M.D., was engraved by R. M. Meadows and pub-
lished in the “Analectic Magazine” for 1817. Meadows
also engraved a portrait of F. Asbury for an American
publication; but it is not certain that either of these plates
was engraved in the United States.
Nagler, in his ““Kunstler-Lexicon,” refers to a Robert
Meadows who flourished in the first quarter of the last
century and engraved for the “Shakespeare Gallery,” of
178
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
London. His life is unknown to Nagler, but this may be
the man mentioned above.
MEDAIRY & BANNERMAN
This firm was engraving portraits and book-plates
in Baltimore, Md., in 1828—29. The second member of
the firm was doubtless W. W. Bannerman, already re-
ferred to.
MERCHANT, G. W.
A well-engraved plan of the floor of the Senate cham-
ber, at Albany, N. Y., is signed G. W. Merchant Engr.
& Pub. The plan is used as a frontispiece to the “Legis-
lative Manual of the State of New York, 1834,” and it
was published at Albany in that year.
MEYER, HENRY HOPPNER }
This capital stipple-engraver of portraits made plates
for the “National Portrait Gallery,” of 1834. If he
were really in this country his stay here was very brief,
as few plates are found so signed.
MEYRICK, RICHARD
The “American Weekly Mercury,” Philadelphia, No.
516, 1729, contains the following advertisement:
“Richard Meyrick. Engraver, remov’d from the Lock
and Key in Chesnut Street to the Widow Walker’s, in
- Front-Street Philadelphia.”
Meyrick was probably an engraver for silversmiths.
179
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
MIDDLETON, THOMAS
Thomas Middleton was an artist and amateur etcher,
living in Charleston, S. C., in 1814. He was probably a
member of the well-known Middleton family of that
State, as the portrait of Arthur Middleton engraved by
Longacre, for Sanderson’s “Lives of the Signers,” is in-
scribed as “after a drawing by T. Middleton from a
group in a Family Picture by Ben. West.” |
The only engraved work of Thomas Middleton seen by
the compiler is contained in some good etchings in a
scrap-book once belonging to Robert Gilmor, of Balti-
more, Md. These include an effective bust portrait of
Alexander Hamilton; and on this prmt Mr. Gilmor has
written “Engraved by Thos. Middleton, of Charleston,
S. C., in 1814.” His other etchings are simply signed
“'T’. Middleton.” Several examples of the smaller etch-
ings found in the Gilmor scrap-book have lately been
picked up by the writer in Paris; and it is poses that
he studied art in that city.
MOFFAT, J.
A fairly well-engraved line portrait of Robert Burns
is signed as H'ng’d on Steel by J. Moffat. This print was
published by Wm. Pearson, New York, 1830-35; but it
is possibly the work of a Scotch engraver and the plate
may have been brought over here for publication.
MOLINEUX, ——
In 18381 there was published by Luke Loomis & Co., of
Pittsburg, Pa., a German work entitled “The Life and
180
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
Works of Johann Friedrich Oberlin,” with an introduc-
tion by Prof. S. S. Schmucker, of the Theological Semi-
nary at Gettysburg, Pa. The frontispiece to this book
is an engraved silhouette of Oberlin, signed Molineux
Sc. Pitt. This same Molineux engraved upon copper for
this work a fairly well-executed portrait of Louise Schep-
ler, and views of the residences of Oberlin and his fellow-
workers. No other examples of the engraved work of
Molineux are known to the compiler.
MONTGOMERY, R.
The only example of the work of this engraver seen by
the writer is a book-plate of James Giles, signed KR.
Montgomery, Sculp. The plate is armorial, with a can-
non and American flag introduced into the decoration,
and it is crude enough in execution to have been the work
of some prentice local engraver. ‘This James Giles was
doubtless a James Giles, of New York, who was a lieuten-
ant of the 2nd Continental Artillery, and a regimental
adjutant in January, 1781. Another armorial plate of
this same James Giles, with military trophies, including
cannon, ramrods, kegs of powder, etc., was engraved by
“Maverick.” Some collectors of ex libris assert that the
engraver of the first-named plate was Gen. Richard
Montgomery, who was killed at Quebec in 1775.
This book-plate was probably engraved by Robert
Montgomery, who advertises in the “New York Packet,’
Nov. 138, 1783, as “Watch Maker, Clock Maker and En-
graver.”
181
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
MOORE, ISAAC W.
Moore was engraving good line portraits and histori-
cal plates in 1831-33 for Philadelphia periodicals.
MOORE, T.
This stipple-engraver of portraits signs himself on one
of his plates 7. Moore (successor to Pendleton) Boston.
MORGAN, GEORGE T.
Born in Birmingham, England, in 1845; living in
Philadelphia in 1892. Morgan studied at the art school
in Birmingham and won a national scholarship to the
South Kensington Art School, where he was a student
for two years. He came to the United States, and in
1875 was made an assistant engraver in the U. S. Mint
in Philadelphia, and he remained there a number of
years. He designed and executed the dies for the once
famous “Bland Dollar.”
MORIN, J. F.
Morin was an engraver of maps, business-cards, etc.,
who was working in New York in 1825-81, as shown by
dates of publication on his few signed plates. In 1825 he
engraved in connection with S. Maverick, and was then
apparently in the employ of that engraver and copper-
plate printer. In 1831 Morin engraved a good map of
New York City for “The Traveller’s Guide through the
State of New York,” published in New York in that year.
MORSE, HAZEN
In the “New England Palladium,” of July 20, 1824,
_ Hazen Morse, “engraver,” announces that he has re-
182 7
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BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
moved from No. 6 Congress Street to Congress Square,
“a few doors south of the Exchange Coffee House,” and
he there “continues the business of Copper Plate En-
graving, in its various branches.” Copperplate printing
was also done at the same place. For a time Hazen was
in the employ of the Boston engraving firm of Annin
& Smith. According to the advertisement quoted above
he seems to have been chiefly engaged in engraving door-
plates, brass numbers for doors, coffin-plates, stencil-
plates, etc. The only signed copperplate known to the
writer is the Carey book-plate (Allen 140) inscribed H.
Morse Sc. :
~ MORSE & TUTTLE
In 1840 this firm was engraving maps in Boston,
Mass., and the Morse of the firm was probably Hazen
Morse-
MORSE, NATHANIEL
The following death notice is found in the “Boston
Gazette, or Weekly Journal,” Boston, June 21, 1748:
“Last Friday (June 17) died here Mr. Nathaniel Morse,
an ingenious engraver, whose corpse was decently inter’d
last Lord’s Day Evening.”
The only engraving by Nathaniel Morse found by the
compiler is a portrait of Rev. Matthew Henry, rudely
engraved in line after a print by George Vertue. This
portrait is the frontispiece to “The Communicant’s Com-
panion, etc.,” by Matthew Henry, published in “Boston
in New England, re-printed for T. Phillips at the Sta-
tioner’s Arms, next to Mr. Dolbear, the Braziers, 1731.”
183
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
The Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 101, No. 525, con-
tains a copy of a bill of 1735, showing that Morse was
paid for engraving and printing a plate for Massa-
chusetts paper money. This bill is signed “Nat. Mors,”
as is the engraving of Matthew Henry referred to above.
MOTH, W. H.
This English portrait-engraver did a large amount of
work in London in the first half of the last century. He
engraved portraits of Charles Carroll, of Carrollton,
Epes Sargent, and other Americans, and subject plates
engraved by him were used in American publications;
but no evidence has been found by the compiler that Mote
ever actually engraved in this country. The plates men-
tioned were probably brought over here for publication.
MOTTRAM, C.
A. fine line-engraving, signed by C. Mottram as en-
graver, represents a view of the city of New York from |
the Brooklyn shore. It is made from a drawing executed
by J. W. Hill, New York, 1855; and was published in
New York in the same year. John William Hill was the
son of John Hill, the aquatint-engraver, who came to the
United States in 1816 and died here in 1850. But no
other work has been seen signed by C. Mottram.
MOULD, J. B.
This name is signed as engraver to good stipple por-
traits published in New York about 1830. But as the
portraits are those of foreigners it is possible that these
plates were imported.
184
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
MULLIKEN, JONATHAN
A facsimile of Paul Revere’s massacre plate is signed
Jona. Mulliken, Newbury Port, sculpt. 'There is no in-
dication of date, and about all that is known of Mulliken
is to be learned from the following notice printed in the
“Independent Chronicle and Universal Advertiser,”
Boston, Sept. 5, 1782: “All persons indebted to, or that
have any Demands on the Estate of Jonathan Mulliken,
late of Newbury-Port, Clockmaker, deceas’d, are desired
to bring in their Accounts, in order for Settlement, to
Moses Brown and Abel Greenleaf Executors of said
Estate.
“Newburyport, August, 12, 1782.”
From this it would appear that Mulliken was a clock-
maker of Newburyport, Mass., and that he died prior to
August 12, 1782. He probably engraved his own metal
clock-faces; but no other print is known to the writer
than the one referred to above.
MUMFORD, E. W.
In 1885-40 this engraver of landscape and subject
plates was apparently working in Philadelphia.
MUNGER, GEORGE
Born in Guilford, Conn., in 1783; died in 1824. Mun-
ger was a miniature painter of some merit; and the firm
of N. & S. S. Jocelyn engraved plates after portraits
painted by him. In February, 1816, N. Jocelyn and G.
Munger, of New Haven, Conn., published a large aqua-
tint view of the island of St. Helena. ‘This plate is
185
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
signed G. Munger, Sculp.; but it is the only pre of
his engraved work found.
Munger was some relation of Anson Didkinsoas the
miniature painter, also born in Connecticut. Two of
Munger’s daughters became artists.
MUNSON, S. B.
Munson probably lived in New Haven, Conn., about
1830—35, as he engraved a number of plates in conjunc-
tion with S. S. Jocelyn, of that town. Munson himself
was a very good stipple-engraver of portraits. The en-
graving firm of S. B. Munson & G. K. Stillman also
produced prints; and in 1842 the firm of Doolittle &
Munson was engraving in Cincinnati, O.
MURPHY, ——
A crudely engraved line frontispiece, representing
“Wisdom,” is signed Murphy sculp. ‘This plate was
published in New York in 1807. The design shows
Minerva armed with spear and shield standing in cen-
ter; with a flying Cupid and palm tree to left and a
lamb at her feet. No other example of Murphy’s work
has been seen.
MURRAY, GEORGE
Born in Scotland; died in Philadelphia, July 2, 1822.
Dunlap says that Murray was a pupil of the well-known
English engraver Anker Smith,and he was certainly en-
graving portraits, etc., in London in 1796. Murray ap-
pears in Philadelphia in 1800, coming to that city from
one of the Southern States. He was prominent in the
186
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
Philadelphia Society of Artists in 1810; and in 1810-11
he organized the bank-note and general engraving firm
of Murray, Draper, Fairman & Co., and an extensive
and lucrative business was developed. In this country
Murray engraved in line, over his own name, animals,
landscapes, and a few portraits. He is said to have lost
his money in reckless real-estate speculation, and to have
died poor. On the other hand, “Poulson’s Advertiser,”
of Nov. 9, 1822, notes the dissolution of the copartner-
ship of Murray, Fairman & Co., “in consequence of the
death of George Murray.” The surviving partners, in-
cluding Asa Spencer, continued the business under the
firm name of Fairman, Draper, Underwood & Co. Mur-
ray may have had, however, but a small interest in this
firm at the time of his death.
MURRAY, JOHN
In Rivington’s “Royal Gazette,” Feb. 28, 1776, we
find the following: “John Murray, in the 57 Regiment
from Edinburgh, engraves all manner of silver-plate,
seals, coats of arms, etc.’”” He may or may not have en-
graved on copper.
NEAGLE, JAMES
Died in Philadelphia, June 24, 1822, “aged 53 years.”
The directories of Philadelphia contain his name for
1820—22, inclusive, as an “engraver.” In 1819 he was
engraving in Philadelphia, and a few well-executed
portraits bear his name. His signed work is very
scarce and he was possibly chiefly engaged in bank-note
work. |
187
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
NEAGLE, JOHN B.
Born in England about 1796; died in Philadelphia in
1866. J. B. Neagle is said to have been the son of the —
English engraver John Neagle, born in 1760, and he was
probably a pupil of his father. He came to Philadelphia
when quite young, as he engraved, in 1815-18, a portrait
of Dr. Caspar Wistar for “Delaplaine’s Gallery.”
John B. Neagle was a very good line-engraver and
produced a considerable number of portraits and book
illustrations; his small annual plates, however, represent
his best work. Excepting in 1828-35, Neagle was a
resident of the city of Philadelphia; and he may have
been living in the vicinity of that city in this interval.
In the latter part of his life he was engaged almost en-
tirely on bank-note work.
NESMITH, J. H.
In 1805-18 this line-engraver was making illustra-
tions for the encyclopedia published by S. F. Bradford,
of Philadelphia. In 1824 his name as engraver is asso-
ciated with that of J. B. Longacre, and in 1828 Nesmith
was working for New Haven publishers.
NEWCOMB, D.
This name as engraver appears upon vignettes on the
title-page of books published in Boston, in 1820. Judg-
ing from his work Newcomb was probably one of the
bank-note engravers then in business in Boston.
NEW MAN, B. P.
Newman was a very good engraver of landscape,
working in New York in 1860.
188
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
NEWSAM, ALBERT
Born, deaf and dumb, May 20, 1809, at Steubenville,
O.; died near Wilmington, Del., Nov. 20, 1864. New-
sam was the son of a boatman and was left an orphan at
an early age. He was taken from his guardian by a deaf
impostor, who used his budding talent for drawing for
personal gain. He was abandoned by this man in Phil-
adelphia, early in 1820, and was taken in charge by the
authorities of the newly founded Institute for the Deaf
and Dumb of that city, and he was there educated. His
natural artistic bent was cultivated by placing him un-
der the tuition of the artists George Catlin and Hugh
Bridport.
In 1827 Newsam was apprenticed to Cephas G.
Childs to be taught engraving; and: two examples
of copperplate engraving are known to the compiler
signed A. Newsam, sc. Deaf & Dumb, Childs dir.
These are two good stipple-engravings of “Anna”
and “Queen Dido,” published in the “Casket” of Phila-
delphia. |
But the addition of a lithographic department to the
establishment of Mr. Childs, under the able management
of P. S. Duval, opened up a new field of activity pecu-
liarly adapted to the portrait-drawing ability of the
young deaf and dumb artist. Newsam, under instruc-
tions from Mr. Duval, made rapid progress in the art of
drawing upon stone; and as early as 1830 he had pro-
duced some excellent lithographic portraits. To this art
Newsam devoted the remainder of his professional life,
and he became the most noted and prolific lithographic
artist of his time.
189
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
NICHOLS, FREDERICK B.
Born in Bridgeport, Conn., Aug. 29, 1824; living
there in 1906. Mr. Nichols learned to engrave with the
New York firm of Rawdon, Wright, Hatch & Smillie,
Mr. Smillie being his chief instructor. He then went in-
to business for himself, and about 1846 he published
“Nichols Illustrated New York,” with views engraved
by himself. In 1848 he invented a process for relief-
engraving. Mr. Nichols was a good landscape engraver
and did considerable work for the New York publishers;
but in 1858 he abandoned engraving with the intention
of promoting certain inventions of his own.
In 1865 he went to Nova Scotia, was engaged in min-
ing engineering, and became a professor of chemistry
and geology in one of the Canadian colleges, though he
continued to make reports upon mining properties. Re-
turning to the United States in 1884, he resumed en-
graving for one year with William Wellstood, in New
York. Mr. Nichols then settled down in the place of his
birth, where he is still living at an advanced age.
NORMAN, JOHN
According to the “New England Palladium & Com-
mercial Advertiser,” June 10, 1817, John Norman died
in Boston, June 8, 1817, “aged 69 years.” That he was
an Englishman is shown by his advertisement in the
“Pennsylvania Journal” of May 11, 1774, which prob-
ably notes his first appearance in this country. It is as
follows:
“John Norman, Architect and Landscape Engraver,
from London. Takes this method to acquaint the Pub-
190
Osrr 1800
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BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
lic, that he has taken an Apartment at Mr. Dowey’s,
Goldsmith, in Front-Street, near the Coffee-House
(Philadelphia), where he intends carrying on the said
art. Any Gentlemen, who please to favour him with
their commands, may depend on having their work care-
fully and expeditiously executed on the lowest terms
and in the best manner.
“N.B. Booksellers, in any part of America, may be
supplied with frontispieces of any kind, as reasonable as
in England, and great care will be taken to dispatch at
the time they are wanted.”
The same journal, for Aug. 17, 1774, shows that Nor-
man had taken to himself a partner, and the advertise-
ment enters more into the detail of his business, as
follows:
“Norman and Ward. Engravers and Drawing-
Masters. 'Take this method to acquaint the Public that
they have opened a shop in Front-Street . . . where they
neatly engrave— Shop Bills; Bills of Exchange; Bills of
Lading; Bills of Parcels; Maps; Portraits; Landskips;
Frontis Pieces; Stone Stamps and Dies; Clock and
Watch Gearing; Architecture; Devices for News-
Papers, &c. Watch Cases neatly and elegantly orna-
mented; Plate and all Sorts of Silversmith’s Work;
Views and Charts; Copper Printing; with many other
Things too tedious to mention in an Advertisement . . .
They have likewise opened an Evening Drawing School.”
The first engraved work of Norman known to the
writer is found in “Swan’s British Architect, or the
Builders Treasury of Stair-cases,” published by Robert
Bell, in Philadelphia, July 5, 1775. This book was illus-
191
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
trated by 100 plans of stairways, etc. “curiously en-
graved on Sixty Folio Copper-Plates by John Norman,
Architect-Engraver.” At nearly the same time, Norman
engraved diagrams for “The Prussian Evolutions in
Actual Engagements,” by Thomas Hanson. Proposals
for printing the latter book by subscription were pub-
lished in the “Pennsylvania Gazette,” July 19, 1775.
In 1776 “John Norman, Printseller and Engraver,”
was located on Second Street, near Spruce Street, Phila-
delphia; and from that place he announced the publica-
tion and sale of “A Map of the Present Seat of War,
with the Harbour of New York and Perth-Amboy.
Price Two Shillings and Sixpence.” He was still en-
graving in Philadelphia in 1780; but in 1781 he engraved
the title and music for “The Psalm-singer’s Amusement, ’
published in Boston, and he was then living in the latter
city. For the Boston edition of “An Impartial History
of the War, etc.,” 1782, Norman engraved his well-
known series of portraits; and in November, 1783, Nor-
man & White issued the first number of the “Boston
Magazine,” published under the auspices of a “Society
for compiling a Magazine in the Town of Boston,” and
illustrated by plates engraved by Norman. Owing to
some disagreement with members of the Society Nor-
man’s connection with the publication ceased in July,
1784. He then seemingly went into the book-publishing
business on his own account, and Dr. Samuel A. Green
eredits him with publishing the first Boston directory of
1789. Of his later life very little is known, other than
that he was engraving for New York publishers as late
as 1811. | |
192
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
As an engraver Norman’s earlier work was exceed-
ingly crude, and a number of his plates are more or less
modified copies of English originals. Some few of his
later plates show decided improvement. His chief claim
to fame is the fact that he was probably the first engraver
in America to attempt a portrait of Washington, about
1779. William Dunlap’s assertion that Norman was a
pupil of Sir Godfrey Kneller is met by the fact that Sir
Godfrey died in 1728, many years before Norman was
born.
O'BRIEN, R.
This portrait-engraver worked for many years for the
New York engraver A. H. Ritchie.
O'NEILL, JOHN A.
Born in New Jersey, and as an engraver he worked
chiefly in the city of New York, engraving portraits and
historical subjects. During the Cleveland administra-
tion, O’Neill was chief engraver to the Treasury Depart-
ment at Washington, D. C. In 1876 he was mayor of
Hoboken, N. J.
OAKLEY, F. F.
About 1860 Oakley was engraving vignettes in line,
at 204 Washington St., Boston. His work is very good,
though very few signed plates have been seen, and he
was probably a bank-note engraver.
OERTEL, JOHANNES ADAM
Born in Furth, near Nuremberg, Germany, Nov. 3,
1828; living in 1901. Oertel was apprenticed to. J. M.
| 193
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
HK. Muller, a well-known engraver of Nuremberg, and
remained with him until his twenty-fifth year, thoroughly
mastering the art of engraving. He then studied art at
Munich, under Peter von Cornelius, Schwanthaler, and
Kaulbach; but as a result of the German revolution of
1848 he came to America and settled in Newark, N. J.
He at first tried painting and then resorted to engray-
ing, doing much work for the bank-note companies. He
finally attained success with his pictures of army life done
from studies made in Virginia during the Civil War. In
1867 he was made a deacon in the Episcopal Church at
Westerly, R. I.; and a few years later he was ordained
to the priesthood at his parish church in Lenior, N. C.
He was rector of a number of churches and was professor
in an art school in St. Louis for two years. About 1857
he assisted in decorating the Capitol at Washington.
OKEY, SAMUEL
John Chaloner Smith, in his “British Mezzotints,”
says that Samuel Okey, an engraver in mezzotint, was
awarded premiums, in 1765 and 1767, by the London
Society of Arts, presumedly for his engravings.
Soon after the date mentioned Samuel Okey must
have sailed for America. In 1778, ’74 and ’75 he was en-
graving and publishing portraits in mezzotint in New-
port, R. I., his business partner being Charles Reak.
ORMSBY, WATERMAN LILLY
Born in Hampton, Windham Co., Conn., in 1809;
died in Brooklyn, N. Y., Nov. 1, 1883. Ormsby was a
student in the National Academy of Design in 1829; and
194
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
though his preceptor in engraving is unknown, he was
engraving over his own name in Albany, N. Y., at an
early date; he was also engraving for Carter, Andrews &
Co., of Lancaster, Mass. Being of a decided mechanical
bent of mind he invented a ruling-machine, a transfer-
press, and a “grammagraph,” a device for engraving on
steel directly from medals, medallions, etc.; this latter
machine, or a modification of it, was called a “panto-
graph.” With these machines he produced much work.
Ormsby was a very excellent line-engraver and was one
of the founders of the Continental Bank Note Co., of
New York; and in 1852 he published “Ormsby’s Bank-
Note Engraving.” It is claimed that he assisted S. F.
B. Morse and Henry A. Munson in the invention of the
Morse alphabet.
OSBORN, M.
This stipple-engraver of portraits was working in
Baltimore, Md., in 1812. In 1820 Osborn was located in
Philadelphia.
OSBORN, MILO
In 1886 this very clever line-engraver of portraits and
landscape was employed in New York; he was later
working for Philadelphia magazines. One of his con-
temporaries says that he became dissipated and disap-
peared.
OSTRANDER, P.
This man was a landscape engraver working in New
York, and then in Cincinnati, O., in 1850-55.
195
\
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
OTIS, BASS : |
Born in Massachusetts in 1784; died in Philadelphia,
Nov. 30, 1861. Otis was apprenticed to a scythe-maker
in his early youth; he is supposed to have taught himself
to draw and to paint, and in 1808 he was painting por-
traits in New York. In 1812 he opened a studio in
Philadelphia and lived there for the remainder of his
life, devoting himself almost solely to portrait work.
As an engraver he made a few attempts at portraits in
aquatint, sometimes helped out by stipple; the best of
these efforts is his portrait of Rev. Abner Kneeland, pub- —
lished in 1818. He also experimented in lithography, and
made the first lithographic prints in the United States;
these were published in the “Analectic Magazine,” for
July, 1819. In 1815 he invented a “perspective protrac-
tor,” which was highly commended by Sully, Birch,
Lawson, 'Tiebout, and others. Bass Otis was married to
Miss Susan Pierie, of Philadelphia.
Two rare but artistically engraved mezzotints are
known, both engraved after paintings by Bass Otis, but
unsigned by the engraver. The manner in which the
plates have been prepared for the engraver would in-
dicate the work of a novice in the art, and they may pos-
sibly be further “experiments” by Otis himself.
OURDAN, JOSEPH JAMES PROSPER
Born in Marseilles, France, March, 1803; died in
Washington, D. C., Oct. 25, 1874. Jos. J. P. Ourdan
came to New York in 1821; removed later to Philadel-
phia; and having been taught to engrave by his son,
Joseph P. Ourdan, he became an expert letter engraver.
196
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
In this capacity he was employed by the U.S. Treasury
Department, at Washington, from 1866 until his death.
OURDAN, JOSEPH PROSPER
Born in New York City, Feb. 16, 1828; died in Wash-
ington, D. C., May 10, 1881. Joseph P. Ourdan was the
son of the above, and served his apprenticeship as an en-
graver with W. L. Ormsby, of New York. Over his own
name he engraved in line some good portraits and illus-
trative works for the book publishers; and the firm of
Packard & Ourdan produced portraits in mezzotint. But
he early became interested in bank-note work and was in
the employ of the Continental and the National bank-
note companies, of New York, and the American Bank
Note Company, of Philadelphia. Ourdan then entered
the service of the Treasury Department in Washington
and in time became the chief of the Bureau of Engrav-
ing and Printing. While in this bureau he engraved the
portraits of a number of persons notable during the Civil
War; including among these the head of S. P. Chase on
the one-dollar bill, and the head of L. P. Skinner on the
fractional currency. He engraved other admirable por-
traits for the bank-note companies.
OURDAN, VINCENT LE COMTE
Born in Brooklyn, N. Y., in 1855. He served his ap-
prenticeship as an engraver with the Columbian Bank
Note Company, of Washington, D. C., from 1875 to
1878; for a time he was employed in the Bureau of En-
graving and Printing, and then returned to the Colum-
bian Company and was with this company until it went
197
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
out of business. In 1882 Mr. Ourdan went to the U. s.
Hydrographic Office, in Washington, and he there
created the Mechanical Engraving Department. He in-
vented six separate machines for mechanically perform-
ing much of the work upon maps and charts that had
previously been done by hand, and thus more than
trebled the output in a given time. Mr. Ourdan was
the chief of this department until 1901, when he resigned
under an engagement to install a complete set of his ma-
chines in the Japanese Hydrographic Office, and to in-
struct the Japanese in the art of both hand and machine
engraving.
PAGE, WILLIAM
Born in Albany, N. Y., Jan. 23, 1811; died in Totten-
ville, Staten Island, N. Y., Oct. 1, 1885. William Page
commenced the study of law in New York, but soon
abandoned this profession for art, and became a pupil of
James Herring and S. F. B. Morse. But he again
changed his mind and studied theology for two years at
Amherst and Andover. He left these institutions and
resumed painting in Albany and New York, and there-
after he adhered to the palette, and became president of
the National Academy of Design in 1871-73. His ven-
tures in engraving were made as early as 1834; and he
then engraved in mezzotint a very excellent quarto por-
trait of Rev. James Milnor. He engraved about the
same time a mezzotint portrait of Edwin Forrest, which
Dunlap pronounced “the best specimen of that art pro-
duced by an American.”
198
_ JAMES A. BAYARD
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
PALMER, J. ,
A number of large and fairly well-executed Bible
illustrations, published in New York in 1826, are signed
Jd. Palmer, Sc.
PAPPRILL, HENRY
This engraver in aquatint produced at least two very
large plates. One shows New York as seen from Gov-
ernor’s Island; and the other is a most interesting and
detailed view over the city from the steeple of St. Paul’s
Church. The first was engraved from a sketch made by
I’. Catherwood, and the other from a drawing by J. W.
Hill. These plates were published in New Yorkin 1849,
and the view from St. Paul’s steeple was reissued in 1855
with many changes in the buildings shown. There were
also several editions of the other plate.
PAQUET, ANTHONY C.
Born in Hamburg, Germany, in 1814; died in 1882.
Paquet came to the United States in 1848 and found
employment here as a die-sinker. From 1857 until 1864
he was assistant engraver of the U. S. Mint at Phila-
delphia. Among others he engraved the dies for medals
of Buchanan, Everett, Grant, and Johnson.
PARADISE, JOHN WESLEY
Born in New Jersey in 1809; died in New York Aug.
17, 1862. John W. Paradise was the son of John Para-
dise, an American portrait-painter who was born in 1783
and died in 1884. The son was a pupil of A. B. Durand
and in time became an admirable line-engraver of por-
199
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
traits. He was one of the founders of the National
Academy in 1826. Later in life John W. Paradise was
chiefly employed as a bank-note engraver, and he was
working in this branch of his profession up to the time
of his death.
PARKER, CHARLES H.
Born in Salem, Mass., about 1795; died in Philadel-
phia in 1819. Parker was a pupil of Gideon Fairman;
worked in Europe for a time, and about 1812 he was in
business as an engraver in Philadelphia. He is referred
to as the “best engraver of script, maps and ornament of
his time.’ He was the engraver of the beautiful script
on the title-page of the “Analectic Magazine,” of Phila-
delphia, and did considerable work of this character.
PARKER, GEORGE
Born in England and was engraving excellent stipple
portraits in London in December, 1832. He came to the
United States, about 1834, to work for Longacre &
Herring on the “National Portrait Gallery” plates, and
he seemingly remained continuously in this country un-
til his death, which occurred about 1868. Parker en-
graved a considerable number of good portraits.
PARKYNS, GEORGE ISHAM
This English artist and designer for engravers came
to Philadelphia about 1795. His only known print is a
large and good aquatint view of Mount Vernon. He is
said to have been employed by T. B. Freeman, the
Philadelphia publisher of books and prints.
200
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
PAUL, E.
The only known print of this man is a large and ex-
cellent mezzotint portrait of Henry Clay, published by
R. A. Bachia, New York, 1855. This print is signed
King'd by E. Paul.
PEABODY, M. M.
The earliest plate by this engraver seen by the com-
piler is a very large and very crudely executed engray-
ing of “The Unjust Sentence of the Jews against Jesus
Christ the Saviour of the World.” This print was en-
graved and published in 1823, without noting the place
of publication; but in 18385 M. M. Peabody was located
in Utica, N. Y., and engraved maps in line and general
book illustrations in stipple in that town. A few por-
- traits, signed M. Peabody, were probably the work of
the above. _
PEALE, CHARLES WILSON
Born in Charlestown, Md., April 16, 1741; died in
Philadelphia, Feb. 22, 1827. Peale is said to have been
apprenticed to a saddier in Annapolis, Md.; but he went
to Boston to study art, and in 1768-69 he is credited with
having received some instruction from J. S. Copley in
that city. About this time he went to London with let-
ters to Benjamin West and received some encourage-
ment from him. In London Peale learned to paint min-
iatures, to engrave in mezzotint, to mold in wax, and to
work in plaster.
He returned to Annapolis; but was in Philadelphia in
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AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
1775, and at once took an active part in the Revolution
and in State politics. He was a captain of volunteers at
the Battle of Trenton, and he represented Philadelphia
in the Pennsylvania Legislature of 1779. While in the
army, and afterward, Peale painted the portraits of a
large number of men prominent at that time in military
affairs, besides doing much work in ordinary portrait-
painting. |
Peale was deeply interested in the study of natural
history; and the finding of the remains of a “mammoth”
in Ulster Co., N. Y., practically induced him to estab-
lish in Philadelphia his once famous Museum, opened to
the public in 1802. To this institution he devoted the re-
mainder of his life.
As an engraver in mezzotint Peale did good work;
though his plates are few and very scarce.
PEASE, JOSEPH IVES
Born in Norfolk, Conn., Aug. 9, 1809; died at ‘Twin
Lakes, near Salisbury, Conn., July 2, 1883. In his early
youth Pease showed very considerable mechanical abil-
ity, and among other things he designed and built a
power-loom and also invented a propeller for boats. He
finally became an apprentice with the Hartford engraver
Oliver Pelton, and remained with him until 1830. In
1835 Pease located himself in Philadelphia and engraved
portraits for the National Portrait Gallery and did a
considerable amount of work for the Annuals; these
small plates are the best examples of his skill as an en-
graver in line. In 1848 he went to Stockbridge, Mass.,
and finally settled on the farm where he died. He prac-
202
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
tically devoted the later portion of his life to bank-note
engraving. |
PEASE, RICHARD H.
Was an engraver of landscape working in New York
and in Albany about 1857.
PEASLEY, A. M.
Was a map engraver working at Newburyport, Mass.,
in 1804. Examples of his work are to be found in “The
American Coast Pilot,” by Capt. Lawrence Furlong,
printed for Kd. M. Blount, Boston. He also engraved
at least one portrait—that of Saurin—executed in line
combined with roulette work.
PEKENINO, MICHELE
About all that we know of Pekenino is to be gathered
from Italian inscriptions and varied signatures on his
prints. On his portrait of A. B. Durand, engraved in
New York in 1820, Michele Pekenino calls himself an:
architect, “a native of Sallassa Contrada, in the vicinity
of Cortereggio, a land lying at the foot of the Alps on
the banks of the river Baltea.” On another print, of
1821, he styles himself “architect, designer and en-
graver’; and on the portrait of Pekenino engraved by
A. B. Durand the latter calls him a “pen-designer,” and
adds that “None but Nature taught him.” On a small
portrait of Bolivar, Pekenino signs his name as “Il
Canavasano del. e se.’’; and he dedicates another print to
the friends of “St. Giorgio Canavese in Piemonte.”
When he added a border and relettered and issued his
203
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
portrait of Durand as a portrait of the Liberator, Boli-
var, he employed the fictitious signature of “St. Giorgio
Sc.”
From all of this we gather that Pekenino was prob-
ably an architectural draftsman and later an engraver
in the stipple manner, and that he was a native of a
small village in Piedmont. Diligent search has failed to
exactly locate Sallassa Contrada; but enough is known
to place it on the Dora Baltea River, somewhere between 3
the towns of Biella and Aosta, and about fifty miles due
north of Turin. The use of the terms “Il Canavasano”
and “Canavese” is doubtless due to the fact that this dis-
trict is called La Canavese, and is devoted to hemp-
growing. The occurrence of the letter “k” in Pekenino
makes it a very unusual Italian name; and there is Justa
suspicion that it was an assumed name, and that St.
Giorgio was his real family name.
Michele Pekenino appears in New York in 1820, and
his latest prints are dated in 1822, so that his stay here
was a comparatively short one; though he engraved
about thirty plates while in the United States. He was
located in Philadelphia in 1821-22. That he was an in-
timate friend of A. B. Durand is shown by each engrav-
ing the other’s portrait and adding very friendly inscrip-
tions. But Dunlap’s story that Durand taught Peke-
nino to engrave is very dubious, to say the least. Durand
was a line-engraver; and Pekenino’s portrait of Durand,
done evidently soon after his arrival in New York, is
executed in stipple and is a most excellent piece of work,
showing the touch of a master rather than that of an
apprentice. :
204
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
Nagler, in his “Kunstler-Lexicon,” refers to a ‘““Peke-
nino,’ a copperplate engraver, and “probably a pupil of
Longhi.” But Nagler seems to base this statement upon
the only print by Pekenino seen by him—‘“‘a good copy
of Longhi’s engraving of Raphael’s Spozalizio.” This is
doubtless the Michele Pekenino here noted, and the print
referred to may have been engraved after he left the
United States.
As before mentioned, Pekenino engraved about thirty
plates for American publishers. ‘These are delicately
done, are unusually small in size, and in the majority of
them the portrait is inclosed in an ornamented and sus-
pended frame. He evidently retained the Durand plate;
as, probably under financial stress, he added a ruled
rectangle to the oval portrait of Durand—without
changing the portrait, however. This altered plate: he
relettered “Bolivar, General y Presidente de la Repub-
lica de Colombia,” with fictitious signatures for painter
and engraver, and he probably sold impressions as por-
traits of the then popular Liberator. Nothing is known
of Pekenino after his departure from the United mae
in 1822.
PELHAM, HENRY
Born in Boston, Feb. 14, 1749; ‘ccidaitally drowned
in Ireland in 1806. Henry Pelham was the son of Peter
Pelham and his second wife, Mary Singleton Copley;
he was thus the half-brother of John Singleton Copley.
The late Wm. H. Whitmore says that Henry Pel-
ham certainly engraved a picture of “The Finding of
Moses,” but he neither describes the print nor does he
205
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
give his authority. The late Paul Leicester Ford also .
prints a letter of March 29, 1770, from H. Pelham to
“Mr. Paul Revere,” in which he says: “When I heard
that you was cutting a plate of the late Murder, I
thought it impossible as I knew you was not capable of
doing it unless you copied it from mine, ete.” In another
letter to Charles Pelham, written May 1, 1770, Henry
Pelham says: “Inclosed I send you two of my pie of
the late Massacre.”
No such prints by Pelham are known. But several
water-color copies of the Massacre picture have been
preserved, which are exactly the same in design as the
Revere plate, but much superior to it in the details and in
the expression of the faces. Some claim that these water-
colors are the work of Henry Pelham, and are the
“prints” referred to, and that Revere used one of these as
the original of his plate, and hence the complaint of Pel-
ham to Revere.
PELHAM, PETER
Born in England; buried in Boston, Mass., on Dee.
14, 1751. The late Mr. Wm. H. Whitmore published in
Boston, in 1867, notes concerning Peter Pelham, which
corrected a number of errors into which previous biog-
raphers had fallen. According to these notes, Peter Pel-
ham was living in London in 1722; as his son Peter was
baptized at St. Paul, Covent Garden, Dec. 17, 1721, and
his son Charles was baptized at the same place, Dec. 9,
1722. He was engraving in London, at least, until
1725.
He arrived in Boston prior to 1727, as in that teen he
206
Rev. JONATHAN EDWARDS, D.D.
PRESIDENT OF UNION COLLEGE .
is
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
painted, engraved, and published a portrait of Cotton
Mather. His son William was baptized in Boston, Feb.
22, 1729; and the Boston newspapers show that he was
painting, engraving, and teaching school in that city in
the period 1734—48. His first wife, Mary Pelham, hav-
ing died in Boston on May 22, 1748, he married Mrs.
Mary Singleton Copley, the widow of Richard Copley
and the mother of the American artist John Singleton
Copley, who was born July 3, 1737. The records of
Trinity Church, Boston, show that Peter Pelham died
some time in December, 1751, as he was buried on Dec.
14, 1751. |
Pelham’s widow died in May, 1789, leaving as her
executor her “good friend Charles Pelham, of Newton.”
By his second wife, Peter Pelham left a son, Henry Pel-
ham, born Feb. 14, 1749. This Henry Pelham made
surveys for a map of Boston published in London in
1777. He later went to Ireland; became agent for the
Kerry estates of Lord Landsdowne, and was acciden-
tally drowned in 1806. |
_ The blunders of various biographers of Pelham are
pointed out by John Chaloner Smith, in his “British
Mezzotinto Portraits.” Redgrave says that he was born
in 1648 and died in 1738; whereas his first dated prints
were published in 1721, and he really died in 1751.
Other biographers place his death at about the time he
disappeared from London.
Pelham’s marriage to the mother of John Singleton
Copley also disposes of a common statement that Copley
was a self-taught artist. It is more than probable that
Pelham instructed his stepson in drawing, painting, and
207
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
engraving; and at least one mezzotint portrait done by
Copley would bear out this conclusion.
Peter Pelham was a good engraver of portraits in
mezzotint and was the first of record to practise that
branch of the engraver’s art in an American Colony.
His plates are scarce and are very highly prized by col-
lectors of early American engravings.
PELTON, OLIVER |
Born in Portland, Conn., Aug. 15, 1799; was living in
Hartford, Conn., in 1860. Pelton was first a pupil and
then a partner of Abner Reed, in Hartford. In 1827 he
was established as an engraver in Boston; and in 1836 he
was engaged in the bank-note business in Boston with
W.D. Terry, as Pelton & Terry.
Pelton was a fairly good line-engraver of portraits,
and he also engraved some small plates for the Annuals.
PERINE, GEORGE EDWARD
Born in South Orange, Essex Co., N. J., July 9,
1887; died in Brooklyn, N. Y., Feb. 3, 1885. Mr. Perine
was of Huguenot and Dutch descent, his ancestors hav-
ing settled on Staten Island and in Ulster County prior
to the Revolution. On May 25, 1852, he commenced en-
graving under 'Thomas Doney, of New York, and in
1856—58 he was with W. W. Rice, an excellent line and
bank-note engraver of Scotch Plains. During this time
and before he was nineteen years old, he engraved in
mezzotint his large plate of “The Signing of the Com-
pact in the Cabin of the Mayflower.” In 1858—60 Mr.
Perine was in the employ of New York engravers, and
208
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
in the latter year he began engraving on his own account
and established, in time, an extensive and very successful
business in New York City. Portrait engraving formed
the chief part of his work; and while he employed many
engravers in his establishment he is said to have finished
every plate himself.
PERKINS, E. G.
A line portrait of no particular merit, published by
Samuel W. Wheeler, of Providence, R. I., in 1831, is
signed HE. G. Perkins, Sc.
PERKINS, JACOB
Born in Newburyport, Mass., July 9, 1766; died in
London, England, July 30, 1849. Perkins is not known
to have been, himself, an engraver upon copperplate, but
his influence upon the development of bank-note engrav-
ing was so marked that he deserves mention among en-
gravers. As a silversmith in his native town he made the
dies for the Massachusetts copper coinage of 1787, and
he was early prominent as an inventor of machines for
various purposes. In 1810 he found means for the im-
portant substitution of steel for copper plates in engrav-
ing bank-notes, thus greatly prolonging the life of the
plate. Perkins at that time was located in Newburyport,
Mass., associated with Gideon F'airman; and in 1810 the
firm of Perkins & Fairman published “Perkins & Fair-
man’s Running Hand. Stereographic Copies. Patent
Steel Plates.” This was a copy-book, and was probably
the first publication in this country using the steel plates.
In 1814 Perkins came to Philadelphia, and as a mem-
209
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
ber of the firm of Murray, Draper, Fairman & Co., he
made further and valuable improvements in the processes
for manufacturing bank-notes. In 1818, with Fairman,
Asa Spencer, and others, Perkins went to England to
compete for the prize offered for a method of preventing
forgery of bank-notes. As a result of this effort the firm
of Perkins & Heath was organized in London for the
production of bank-notes, etc., by the “Patent Hardened
Steel Process.” While in London, Perkins perfected his
process for transferring engravings from one steel plate
to another; and among other devices, at that time, he in-
vented a steam-gun and an improved steam-engine.
PERKINS, JOSEPH |
Born in Unity, N. H., Aug. 19, 1788; died in New
York City, April 27, 1842. Joseph Perkins graduated
from Williams College in 1814; in 1818 he went to Phila-
delphia and there learned script engraving. He estab-
lished himself in business in that city; but in 1825 he re-
moved to New York and with A. B. Durand became
a member of the bank-note engraving firm of Durand,
Perkins & Co. When Mr. Durand abandoned engraving
for painting, Joseph Perkins continued in business as a
script engraver, with an office at No. 4 John Street, New
York.
PHILLIBROWNE, THOMAS
Born in London and is said to have been a pupil of
the Findens in that city. He was engraving admirable
portraits in pure line in London in 1884; and came to
the United States prior to 1851, as in that year he en-
210
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
graved a full-length portrait of Louis Kossuth for Bos-
ton publishers. He was working upon illustrations to
Cooper’s works, in New York, as late as 1860. Mr.
Alfred Jones says that Phillibrowne was a very eccentric
character, peculiar in appearance; and he claimed that
his personal friend Hablot Knight Brown, or “Phiz,”
had used him as a model for the familiar “Mr. Pickwick”
in his original illustrations to that story of Dickens.
PHILLIPS, CHARLES
This excellent engraver of portraits in stipple was lo-
cated in New York in 1842, and was an Englishman by
birth. Very little work is signed by him; and it is said
that he went into the employ of the Government at
Washington, D. C.
PICART, B.
This apparently fictitious signature, either as designer
or engraver, is signed to a large and poorly engraved
plate published by H. D. Robinson, New York, seem-
ingly about 1800. The print is entitled “Church and
State,” and is a caricature dealing with the doctrines of
Thomas Paine.
~PIERPONT, BENJAMIN, JR.
Pierpont engraved upon copper the music and words
of “The Singing Masters Assistant; or Key to Practical
Music. By William Billings, Author of the New Eng-
land Psalm-Singer, etc. Boston, (New England).
Printed by Draper and Folsom, 1778.” A hye
This singing-book is an oblong quarto, and on the last
211
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
page of music the engraver signs himself as Hngrav’d by
Benj* Pierpont Junt Roxbury, 1778.
In writing concerning engravers upon silver-plate, the
late Samuel Davis, of Plymouth, Mass., mentions among
other engravers of this class, one “Pierpont,” who was
working in New England about 1770. ‘This may be the
engraver of the above music.
PIGGOT, ROBERT
Born in New York City, May 20, 1795; died in Sykes-
ville, Md., July 23, 1887. Piggot was a pupil of David
Edwin, in Philadelphia, and at the termination of his
apprenticeship he associated himself in business with his
fellow apprentice Charles Goodman. This firm of Good-
man & Piggot produced a considerable number of good
stipple portraits for the magazines of the period.
Piggot, however, soon abandoned engraving for the
church, and on Nov. 80, 1828, he was ordained a priest in
the Protestant Episcopal Church by Bishop White. He
held several charges in Pennsylvania and Maryland, and
about 1856 he was “Professor of graphics and the fine
arts” in the Newton University of Baltimore, Md. In
1869 he was called to Sykesville, Md., and he was rector
of Holy Trinity parish of that place until his death.
He continued to engrave for some time after he en-
tered upon holy orders, as we find several portrait plates
signed Rev. Robert Piggot, Sculpt.
PLATT, H.
A well-executed stipple portrait of Samuel Thomson,
Botanist, is prefixed to his “New Guide to Health,” Bos-
212
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
ton, 1832. This plate is simply signed H. Platt; and
while this signature is assumed to be that of the engraver,
it may also indicate the painter. No other engraved work
of Platt is known to the writer.
PLOCHER, JACOB J.
This landscape engraver died in Philadelphia, Dec.
27, 1820. From 1815 to 1818 Plocher had an engraving
establishment in that city in the Shakspere Building; but
before this date he did considerable work for the ency-
clopedia published by S. F. Bradford, Philadelphia,
1808-11. He engraved at least one meritorious large
plate, a view of the Upper Ferry bridge over the Schuy]-
kill River, Philadelphia.
POLLOCK, T.
In 1839 Pollock was engraving portraits in line in
Providence, R. I. He was later apparently a member of
the New York engraving firm of Pollock & Doty.
PORTER, J. T.
In 1815 this mediocre line-engraver of historical plates
signed himself as of Middletown, Conn. The only plates
found are in the ‘Narrative of John R. Jewett,” etc.,
published by Loomis & Richards, Middletown, Conn.,
1815.
POSSELWHITE, GEORGE W.
Born in England about 1822; living in New York in
1899. Posselwhite was an admirable engraver of land-
scape and subject plates. He came to the United States
218
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
about 1850 and was largely employed in New York and
Philadelphia. |
POUPARD, JAMES
In the “Pennsylvania Gazette,” Philadelphia, Dec. 9,
1772, this engraver advertises as follows:
“James Poupard, Engraver, Jeweller and Goldsmith.
From London. Begs Leave to inform the Public, that
he hath opened Shop, in Front-street, two doors from
Chesnut-street, on the bank side; where he intends to
follow his business, in its several branches. Makes and ©
Sells all sorts of Jeweller’s and Goldsmith’s work in gen-
eral in the neatest and newest fashions, and at the most
reasonable rates; engraves all sorts of silver and copper
plates; also arms, crests, cyphers, &c. on seals, in gold,
silver, copper or steel; likewise makes and engraves
mourning rings, with the utmost expedition; also tips, in
the neatest manner, in gold or silver. He gives the ut-
most value for old gold and silver.”
The earliest engraving by Poupard of which we have
any note is mentioned in the “Gazette” of June 29, 1774.
James Humphreys, Jr., announces the publication of
“The Search after Happiness, a Pastoral Drama, by
Miss More, (Embellished with an elegant Copperplate
Frontispiece, engraved by James Poupard, of this
City). This print has not been seen by the writer; and
Mr. Hildeburn, in his “Issues of the Press of Pennsy]-
vania,” notes this work of Hannah More, but he makes
no mention of the frontispiece.
But in 1775 Poupard engraved the portrait of Dr.
Goldsmith for the “Pennsylvania Magazine”; in 1788—
214
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89 he was engraving diagrams, etc., for the “Trans-
actions of the American Philosophical Society”; and as
a “seal and die engraver” his name appears continuously
in the Philadelphia directories for 1793-1807, inclusive.
Poupard then removed to New York, and was en-
graving on wood for New York publishers in 1814. A
fairly well-executed portrait of John Wesley may be
ascribed to this latter period.
Westcott, in his “History of Philadelphia,” says that
Poupard was at one time an actor, and came to Phila-
delphia from the Island of Martinique. He further says
that he married in this country a woman of strong reli-
gious principles, “inclined to the Methodist connection.”
Poupard, as a consequence, conducted himself with a
fitting gravity in his own home; but he is accused of lead-
ing a somewhat riotous life when away from home and
in congenial company.
PRICE, GEORGE
Born in England in 1826. This landscape engraver
was a pupil of the Findens, in London. Price came to
the United States in 1853, did considerable work here,
and returned to England in 1864.
PRUD’HOMME, JOHN FRANCIS EUGENE
Born in the Island of St. Thomas, West Indies, Oct.
4, 1800; living in Georgetown, D. C., in 1888. His
parents came to the United States in 1807 and settled in
New York in 1809. About 1814 Prud’>homme was ap-
prenticed to his brother-in-law Thomas Gimbrede to
learn engraving, and was engraving over his own name
215
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
in New York in 1821. He became a reputable engraver
of portraits in stipple, though his best work is represented
by his small plates executed for the Annuals, about 1839.
Among these “The Velvet Hat” and “Friar Puck” are
to be especially admired. In 1852 Prud’homme became
interested in bank-note work, and from 1869 to 1885 he
was employed by the Treasury Department.at W ashing-
ton, D. C. Prud’homme was made an Academician of
the National Academy of Design in 1846, and in 1834-53
he was the curator of the Academy. |
PUNDERSON,L.S.
This excellent engraver of portraits in stipple was
working in New York in 1850—55.
PURSELL, HENRY
In the “New York Mercury,” May 29, 1775, Henry
Pursell advertises that he has removed “from Broadway
to Dock Street, near the Old Coffee House, where he
carries on the engraving Business in its different
branches, viz., Copperplates of all kinds, Arms, crests,
cyphers, etc., on plate. Ditto on watches. Ditto on seals
of any metals. Types, Free Mason Medals. Gun fur-
niture, Harness ditto, Cyphers, etc., on whips. Mourn-
ing rings. Door plates, Dog Collars, ete.”
This advertisement well exhibits the varied character
of the engraver’s work of that period. Pursell also prob- —
ably engraved in wood; as the English coat of arms in-
cluded in the head-line of Rivington’s “Royal Gazette,”
New York, 1780, is signed H. P. In May, 1785, the
Comptroller-General of Pennsylvania approved the bill
216 | !
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
of “Henry D. Pursell” for engraving borders for the
“New Emission Money” of that State. This is very
probably the Pursell mentioned above.
_ Another and perhaps a later Pursell engraved in line
a view of “Washington College in the State of Mary-
land.” ‘This print is signed Pursell sculpt. This is a
fairly well-executed line-engraving (7.1% 11.10 ins.)
and is an old plate; but it can not be positively stated’
that it is the work of the Henry Pursell of 1775.
QUARRE, F.
_ F. Quarré was a lamp-shade manufacturer located in
_ Philadelphia in 1850, and possibly earlier. The only en-
graved work of this man seen by the compiler is an oval
of a very good imitation of lace, printed in white on a
brown ground. In the center of this oval is an embossed
view of New York, seemingly taken from Hoboken.
Below this view is the word “New York” in white on the
brown ground. ‘This view was used as a magazine illus-
tration.
RADCLIFFE, C. —
Was a stipple-engraver of portraits and vignettes lo-
cated in Philadelphia as early as 1805.
RALPH, W.
Ralph was a line-engraver of views, etc., of little
merit. He was working in Philadelphia in 1794-1808,
and engraved at least one plate for the “New York
Magazine.” |
| 217
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
RAWDON, FREEMAN
Born in Tolland, Conn., in 1804; was living in New
York in 1860. Freeman Rawdon was a pupil of his
brother Ralph Rawdon, an engraver, then of Albany,
N. Y. In 1828 he was the Rawdon of the New York en-
graving firm of Rawdon, Wright & Co., and Rawdon,
Wright & Hatch, and other combinations of a later date.
These firms conducted an extensive business in general
and bank-note engraving, and employed many engray-
ers. Freeman Rawdon signed very little work.
RAWDON, RALPH
In 1813 Ralph Rawdon was engraving in a very
crude manner in Cheshire, Conn.; he was associated in
this work with Thomas Kensett, the father of the Ameri-
can artist. About 1816 Rawdon removed to Albany, N.
Y., where he engraved stipple portraits over his own name,
and with his brother and with A. Willard he was in the
bank-note and general engraving business in that city.
REASON, PHILIP H.
This very clever engraver of portraits in stipple was a
negro, educated and apprenticed to an engraver by cer-
tain members of the antislavery party in New York City.
He engraved a few good portraits; but the race prejudice
was too strong for him and he was compelled to abandon
engraving for other employment early in the fifties.
REED, ABNER
Born at East Windsor, (ban! in 1771; died in 1866;
and was apparently engraving in Lansingburg from
218
| BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
1794 to 1797, and was in New York as early as 1797. In
1803—08 he was working in Hartford, Conn., and was
probably a member of the Graphic Company, of that
place. Abner Reed was a stipple-engraver of portraits,
and is referred to as the preceptor of the engravers Wil-
lard, Pelton, Daggett, Barber, and John Cheney. The
firm of Reed & Scoles also produced portraits in stipple;
and a few line views of scenes in the*War of 1812, signed
Reed, Sc. may be ascribed to him.
Abner Reed was one of the earliest bank-note engrav-
ers in this country. He engraved in 1792 the first notes
of the Hartford Bank, the second oldest bank in New
England, and he produced a very considerable quantity
of excellent work of this class.
REICH, JOHN
In 1806 John Reich was a die-sinker of considerable
merit; and he was frequently employed by Robert Scot,
engraver of the U. S. Mint in Philadelphia, to prepare
the dies for National coin. He engraved the dies for sev-
eral fine medals, including Washington, after Stuart;
Franklin, from the Houdon bust; a Peace medal of
1783, and a tripoli medal presented to Com. Edward
Preble in 1806. The Washington medal, after Stuart’s
head, is advertised as issued in Philadelphia, Oct. 9,
1806, “in commemoration of the retirement of Washing-
ton.” The medal is described in ‘““Poulson’s Advertiser”
as being struck in silver and bearing the following in-
scriptions: “Face, A Head of Washington as President.
Inscription—G. Washington. Pre. Unit. Sts. Reverse.
The ensigns of authority (civil and military) deposited,
219
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
in laurels, upon the tablet of the United States. Inscrip-
tion. Commis. Resigned: Presidency Relinquished.
1797.” 'The announcement is further made that the dies
were executed by “the celebrated Artist John Reich; the
likeness from a drawing of Stuart sketched on purpose.”
Dunlap says that in consequence of ill health, Reich
abandoned work and “went West.”
John Reich was one of the founders of the Society of
Artists, organized in Philadelphia in 1810, and is entered
on the list of Fellows of the Society as “die-sinker at the
United States Mint.”
REICHE, F.
This German engraver was executing crude line work
in Philadelphia in 1795. He was engraving portraits on
wood in 1800.
REVERE, PAUL
Born in Boston, Mass., Jan. 1, 1735; died there May
10, 1818. The father of Paul Revere came from the
Island of Guernsey and established himself in Boston as
a goldsmith. In this business the son was trained and
there learned to engrave upon silver-plate.
_ Aside from some possible book-plates, his prominent
engraved plates may be noted as follows: A portrait of
Jonathan Mahew; The Repeal of the Stamp Act (1766) ;
the caricature of the seventeen Rescinders and the Land-
ing of the British Troops (1768) ; and his famous Bos-
ton Massacre, of 1770. For the “Royal American Mag-
azine” of 1774—75, Revere engraved a number of plates.
220
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
His work is exceedingly crude in execution and is only
valuable for its historical interest.
The career of Paul Revere as a patriot is too well
known to be mentioned here.
REYNOLDS, THOMAS
In the “New York Daily Advertiser,” Jan. 2, 1786,
Thomas Reynolds advertises that he has established a
“seal manufactory” in Philadelphia: where he engraves
on stone arms, crests and cyphers; searches out family
arms, descents, etc.; and he likewise cuts on brass all
sorts of state and public seals.
RICH, E. A.
This portrait engraver in mezzotint was working for
Baltimore engravers about 1845.
RICK, JAMES R.
Born in Syracuse, N. Y., in 1824; and studied engrav-
ing under his brother W. W. Rice, of Rawdon, Wright,
Hatch & Co., of New York. He removed to Philadel-
phia in 1851, and as late as 1876 he was engraving por-
traits there in connection with J. Earle.
RICH, W. W.
As mentioned above this very good line-engraver of
portraits and subject plates was a member of the firm of
Rawdon, Wright, Hatch & Co., of New York, in 1846;
and he was engraving over his own name as late as
1860.
221
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
RICHARDSON, S.
This man was a book-plate engraver apparently work-
ing about 1795, but with no indication of locality. The
one known example represents a woman with left hand
on an anchor, with ships in the distance. In the base is a
blank tablet surmounted by an urn. On the tablet is
written in ink “I. H. Swale, 1795.” The plate is signed
S. Richardson Sculpsit.
RIDGWAY, W.
This excellent engraver of historical subjects in line
was working in New York in 1854 in connection with
Wm. Wellstood, and was engraving for New York pub-
lishers at a much later date. 3
RILEY, ——
This name, as “Riley, Engraver,” is signed to poorly
engraved music and words published by J. & M. Paff,
Nos. 2 and 8, City Hotel, Broadway, New York. The
seeming date is about 1800.
RITCHIE, ALEXANDER HAY
Born in Glasgow, Scotland, Jan. 14, 1822; was living
in Brooklyn, N. Y., in 1888. Ritchie studied drawing in
Edinburgh under Sir Wm. Allan, and he came to New
York in 1841.. He apparently learned to engrave after
he reached this country ; but he ultimately established an
extensive general engraving business in New York; his
earlier prints being issued about 1847. Ritchie himself
was a very clever engraver of portraits in mezzotint, and
it is claimed that he finished every plate that went out of
222
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BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
his establishment. He painted in oils; began exhibiting
at the Academy in 1848, and was an Associate in 1863
and an Academician of the National Academy of De-
sign in 1871.
ROBERTS,
Some rather poor line book illustrations published in
New York in 1841 are thus signed.
ROBERTS, JOHN
Born in Scotland in 1768; died in New York in 1803;
came to New York in 1793, says Wm. Dunlap. Roberts
was engraving views, script, etc., in New York in 1796;
and his name as an engraver appears in the directories of
1802-03. Dunlap describes him as a sort of universal
genius; ready to do anything, but erratic and incapable
of turning his advantages to personal account. A small
mezzotint portrait of Washington exists, which is ex-
tremely rich in effect and shows fine execution. Dunlap
says this was engraved by Roberts in New York, in
1799, from a miniature portrait by Benjamin Trott;
but owing to some misunderstanding between the
painter and the engraver Roberts deliberately destroyed
the copperplate and a few proof impressions alone
remain. |
Roberts is said to have made his own engraving tools,
to have invented a new method of stippling, and to have
made his own plate-press. He painted miniatures, drew
portraits in crayon, and was a musician of no mean
skill; but he abused his gifts and intemperance ended
his life.
223
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
ROBERTSON,
A large and well-engraved frontispiece, apparently
intended for an edition of Cook’s “Voyages,” of about
1815, is signed Robertson sc. While this plate bears
some indication of American origin, it may be English.
ROBERTSON, W.
This man was a script engraver employed in New
York in 1881.
ROBIN, AUGUSTUS
Born in New York of French parentage. This good
engraver of portraits and subject plates was in the em-
ploy of J. C. Buttre, of New York, for nearly forty years.
ROBINSON, ——
This name, as engraver, is signed to a number of
small, wonderfully designed, and poorly engraved plates
illustrating an edition of Weems’ “Life of Washington,”
published in 1815 by Matthew Carey, of Philadelphia.
ROBINSON, W. |
About 1825-30 this W. Robinson etched in a fairly
good style a Masonic certificate published by R. Desil-
ver, of Philadelphia. This may be the “Robinson” noted
above.
ROCHE,—— :
Several of the plates of the American edition of May-
nard’s “Josephus,” published in New York in 1791, are
signed Roche sc. No other plates are known.
224
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
ROGERS, JOHN
Born in England about 1808; died in New York
about 1888, says Mr. Samuel Hollyer. Rogers came to
New York in 1850-51, and he engraved for the book
publishers a large number of portraits and some subject
plates. He generally worked in line and was a very
good engraver.
ROLLINSON, CHARLES
C. Rollinson was an engraver and copperplate printer
in New York in 1808-32, dying in the latter year. He
was probably a son, or other near relative, of William
Rollinson, as his address for a considerable time was No.
28 John St., the same as that of William Rollinson. The
only plates found by the compiler, and signed by C.
Rollinson as engraver, represent architectural subjects,
diagrams, etc.
ROLLINSON, WILLIAM
Born in Dudley, Staffordshire, England, April 15,
1762; died in New York, Sept. 27, 1842. Rollinson was
probably a silversmith and learned to engrave upon
plate. He came to the United States prior to 1789, as he
is credited with having ornamented the silver buttons on
the coat worn by Washington at his inauguration as
President.
His earliest work upon copperplate appears in the
American edition of Brown’s family Bible, published in
New York in 1792. This work is crude, though his small
profile of Washington—executed in 1791, according to
Wm. Dunlap—is a much better piece of work. Rollinson
225
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
rapidly progressed in the art of engraving, and about
1796 he changed his style to stipple and furnished some
very good portrait plates for the “Analectic” and other
magazines. His large plate of Alexander Hamilton is
said to have been commenced in 1800 and published by
Rollinson, and the painter, Archibald Robertson, in
1805.
Rollinson became interested in bank-note engraving
at an early date and invented a machine for ruling waved
lines on the margins of bank-notes. On March 18, 1811,
Rollinson issued a signed circular letter submitting a
specimen of work, of his “own invention,” which com-
bined all the requisites for the prevention of counterfeit-
ing. According to his letter these requisites were “a de-
sign simple in appearance and obvious at a glance, yet
impossible to be imitated in the common mode of en-—
graving.” He says that to make these notes still more
perfect he had engaged the services of Mr. William 8S.
Leney to engrave the vignettes; Mr. Leney being “al-
lowed to be the first artist in America, and is a gentle-
man of very respectable rank in life.” 'This connection
with Leney was not a partnership; Leney furnishing the
vignettes only and charging separately for the copper-
plate and the engraving.
As an engraver the name of William Rollinson ap-
pears in the New York directories from 1791 to 1842; and
at the age of seventy he was still engraving vignettes, etc.
Dunlap says that F. S. Agate painted a portrait of Rol-
linson when that engraver was seventy-four years of
age; “it is an excellent likeness, which might indicate a
man of fifty.” An original silhouette of Rollinson, pre-
226
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
sented by him to his friend ““Weaver’’ in 1809, is in the
possession of the writer.
William Rollinson and his wife Mary were buried in
the old St. John’s Churchyard, now Hudson Park, New
York City, though the tombstones have been lately re-
moved.
ROLPH, J. A.
This reputable landscape engraver was working in
New York in 1834—46, and probably later.
ROMANS, BERNARD
Born in Holland about 1720; died at sea in 1784.
Romans was educated in England, and about 1755 he
came to the American Colonies as a surveyor and en-
gineer. He was employed for a time as a botanist and
explorer in Florida, and in 1775 he published a work
upon that Colony; and for this service he received a pen-
sion of £50 per year.
At the outbreak of the Revolution he entered the ser-
vice of the American Colonies and was present at Lex-
ington and Bunker Hill; according to the statement
made in connection with his published proposals for is-
suing his view of the Battle of Bunker Hill and his map
of Boston. Romans later was employed by the New
York Committee of Safety, and he made the plans for
and actually commenced the construction of one of the
forts at West Point. But failing to receive from Con-
gress the commission and pay of a colonel, as demanded
by him, he abandoned this work. On Feb. 8, 1776, he was
227
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
commissioned as the captain of an independent Penn-
sylvania artillery company, and with this command he
took part in the invasion of Canada. The official records
say that he resigned on June 1, 1778; the published biog-
raphies state that he was captured in 1779, was taken to
England, and there resumed the practice of his profes-
sion. In 1784 he set sail from England for the United
States; but he disappeared at that time, and is supposed
to have been murdered at sea for a considerable sum of
money which he was bringing to this country.
Bernard Romans is referred to in the “New York
Mercury” of 1775 as “the most skillful Draughtsman in.
all America”; though his view of the Battle of Bunker
Hill is anything but artistic in its composition. He en-
graved this view on a large scale, and this plate and
Romans’ “Map of the Seat of War” were published by
Nicholas Brooks, of Philadelphia, in September and
October, 1775. “An Exact View of the Late Battle of
Charlestown, June 17th, 1775” —to give the plate its full
title— was reéngraved by Robert Aitken on a small scale
and published in the “Pennsylvania Magazine” for 1775.
Aitken also engraved for the same magazine Romans’
plate of the “Seat of War.” Romans’ “Concise Natural
History of East and West Florida” was published in
New York in 1775. ‘This work is illustrated by ten cop-
perplates engraved by the author, though several of these
are not signed by him. ‘The engraved work on all of the
plates mentioned is crude in its execution.
The “Battle of Charlestown” was reéngraved in Lon-
don and published there in June, 1776. While this
English plate is signed B. Romans Fecit, it is so much
228
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
better done than the American original that it was prob-
ably engraved by some one else.
ROSENTHAL, ALBERT
Born in Philadelphia, Jan. 30, 1868; son of Max
Rosenthal. Mr. Albert Rosenthal studied lithography
under his father and was at the same time a pupil at the
Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts. In 1884 he com-
menced to etch and for some years he was largely en-
gaged in portrait work, confining himself chiefly to the
reproduction of the portraits of American historical char-
acters. In 1889-92 he studied in Paris at the Ecole des
Beaux Arts, under Gerome; and upon his return to the
United States in the latter year he became a portrait-
painter, with his studio in Philadelphia.
As a painter Mr. Rosenthal has been almost constantly
engaged upon the portraits of men prominent in public
life—many of these being Pennsylvanians—and in de-
veloping the series of Revolutionary portraits in In-
dependence Hall, in Philadelphia. In the intervals of his
other work he still continues the etching of portraits.
ROSENTHAL, MAX
Born in Turck, Russian Poland, Nov. 23, 1838; living
in Philadelphia in 1906. Mr. Rosenthal studied drawing
and painting in Paris; he came to Philadelphia in 1849
and there continued his studies at the Pennsylvania
Academy of Fine Arts. Having been a pupil of the
famous Thurwanger in Paris and in Philadelphia, in
connection with his brother, Mr. Rosenthal established
himself in the lithographic business in the latter city, and
229
“AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
he made notable progress in developing the then new art
of chromo-lithography in this country.
Upon retiring from the lithographing business, about
1884, Mr. Rosenthal turned his attention to etching, and
in connection with his son, Albert Rosenthal, he issued a
series of portraits of men prominent in American history.
In 1890 he took up the work of engraving in mezzotint;
and as he was already a reputable painter of portraits
and historical subjects, his artistic training led him to
engrave mezzotint portraits of exceptional merit. In
connection with his son, he has produced in various ways
and published about 800 portraits of famous Americans.
His latest and most notable work, done in 1903, is a copy
of the Stuart portrait of Washington, owned by Mr.
Marsden J. Perry, of Providence, R. I.
ROST, CHRISTIAN
Born in Germany and studied in Paris and in Lon-
don; and in the latter city he made the drawings and en-
graved on wood for a work describing the exhibits at the
London World’s Fair of 1850. It is not known when
Mr. Rost came to the United States, but he was engray-
ing very good portrait and subject plates in line in New
York in 1860. In 1865 he was in the employ of George
i. Perrine; and at a later date he was employed by the
American Bank Note Co. He died some years ago at
Mount Vernon, N. Y. |
ROTHWELL, J.
This man was engraving book illustrations, in a crude
line manner, in New York in 1841.
230
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RUGGLES, E., JR. 7
Was a book-plate engraver, apparently working be-
tween 1790 and 1800, somewhere in New England. The
only plate seen is that of Walter Lyon; a label with
peculiarly conventionalized peacock feathers used as
a border.
ST. MEMIN, CHARLES BALTHAZAR
JULIEN FEVRET DE
Born in Dijon, France, March 12, 1770; died there
June 23, 1852. St. Memin—after serving as a cadet at a
military school—on April 27, 1788, entered the French
army as anensign. At the outbreak of the French Revo-
lution he went to Switzerland; then to Canada in 1793,
and soon after came to New York.
As a means of supporting himself in this country he
introduced here the engraving of portraits by means of
the “physionotrace,” a machine invented by Edmé Que-
neday, of Paris, and intended to exactly reproduce on a
reduced scale the human profile. St. Memin made some
improvements upon this device, and with it he made on a
tinted paper a profile a little less than life size; this he
finished by hand and with crayons directly from the
sitter. With this finished crayon drawing as a guide he
used a pantograph of special design to still further re-
duce the profile, so that it would go inside a circle of
about two inches diameter, faintly scratching the reduced
drawing directly on the copperplate. This copper was
now etched and finished in aquatint, with some assist-
ance with the roulette. The result was a soft, pleasing
print. For the original crayon—which was ready for
231
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
framing—for the plate, and twelve impressions from
the plate, St. Memin charged $33.
These small portraits became very popular, and St.
Memin, traveling from North to South over the country,
produced about 800 of these small plates. He kept for
himself two sets of proof impressions; after his death
these sets were purchased from his executors and are now
in the United States; one in the Corcoran Gallery in
Washington, D. C.; the other was lately in the hands of
a Philadelphia collector.
St. Memin returned to France in 1810, but came back
to the United States two years later and remained here
until 1814. He then settled permanently in France, and
from 1817 until his death he was the director of the mu-
seum in his native city of Dijon. |
Other than these portraits, St. Memin etched two large
views of the city of New York, a map of the siege of
Savannah, published in the “Monthly Military Reposi-
tory,” C. Smith, New York, 1796, and a beautiful etched
business-card of Peter Mourgeon, “Copperplate printer
from Paris,” of New York.
SACHEVERELL, JOHN
The “Pennsylvania Gazette,’ Philadelphia, March
15-22, 1732-33, contains an advertisement for the sale
of a quantity of “white metal,” or pewter, tea-pots, tea-
spoons, etc. These are “of the newest Fashion, and so
very neat, as not easily to be distinguished from Silver.”
The importer, John Sacheverell, adds to his notice that
he “performs all Sorts of Engraving or Carving in Gold,
232
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
Silver, Brass, Copper or Steel, after the newest and
neatest manner.”
SADD, H. S.
Born in England, and was engraving good portraits
in mezzotint in New York in 1840. He produced quite a
number of plates here; but Mr. Alfred Jones says that
he went to Australia after a comparatively short stay in
the United States.
SANFORD, ISAAC
As early as 1783 Isaac Sanford engraved a music-
book entitled “Select Harmony. Containing the Neces-
sary Rules of Psalmody, together with a Collection of
Approved Psalm Tunes, Hymns and Anthems. By
_ Oliver Brownson.” Mr. James Terry, in referring to
this book, in his “Ex Libris Leaflet, No. 4,” describes the
title as contained in a circle of music, and the whole with-
in an engraving of an elaborate church interior covering
the entire page. The plate is signed I. Sanford, sculp.
1783.
On his business-card Sanford advertised himself as
“Miniature Painter and Engraver,” and he was engrav-
ing and publishing fairly well-executed stipple portraits
and book illustrations in Hartford, Conn., as late as
1822.
SARTAIN, EMILY
Born in Philadelphia, March 17, 1841, Emily, the
daughter of John Sartain, learned to engrave under the
tuition of her father; and she studied art under Scheus-
233
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
sele, in Philadelphia, and Luminais, in Paris, in 1871—75.
She engraved and signed a few mezzotint portraits. In
1881—83, Emily Sartain was the art editor of “Our Con-
tinent”; and in 1886 she became the principal of the
Philadelphia School of Design for Women. Miss Sar-
tain is also a painter of portraits and genre subjects, and
exhibited at the Paris Salon in 1875 and 1883.
SARTAIN, HENRY |
Born July 14, 1833, in Philadelphia, second son of
John Sartain; died there about 1895. Henry Sartain did
very little work as an engraver, about ten plates bear-
ing his name. One of his large plates, “The Capitol at
Washington,” was engraved about 1857, but in this
work he was largely assisted by his father, and the same
is true of his “St. Peter Delivered from Prison.” ‘Aside
from these he made a few book prints and portraits.
In 1866 Henry Sartain abandoned engraving alto-
gether, and became first part owner and then sole owner
of the Philadelphia establishment for printing from the
plates engraved by his father and others.
His wife, Marra 'Topry SARTAIN, to some small ex-
tent assisted John Sartain in his work; and she engraved
one plate—a portrait of her husband.
SARTAIN, JOHN
Born in London, England, Oct. 24, 1808; died in
Philadelphia, Oct. 25, 1897. In his “Reminiscences,”
recently published, Mr. Sartain says that in February,
1823, he was apprenticed to John Swain, a London en-
234
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
graver. The first plates of any consequence engraved by
Sartain were line illustrations for “The Early Floren-
tine School,” by Wm. Young Ottley, London, 1826. In
1827-28, Sartain was apprenticed to Henry Richter, of
London, and while in Richter’s employ he engraved his
first mezzotint plate, entitled “Omphale.” His success
with this plate induced him to engrave “The Tight
Shoe”; this plate he brought to the United States and
sold, in 1880, to Mr. Littell, the Philadelphia publisher.
At the termination of his apprenticeship Sartain com-
menced business for himself in London, and there en-
graved a portrait of Sir Charles Wilkins and some small
Annual plates for the Ackermans.
Hearing that there were opportunities for a mezzotint
engraver in the United States, Sartain, on July 4, 1830,
left London, with his wife, and “‘in a little over eight
weeks” he landed in Philadelphia. Soon after his arrival
here, and for the purpose of proving his ability as an en-
graver, he made a mezzotint plate after “Old Age,” a
painting by John Neagle. This was his first mezzotint
executed in the United States; and his first line plate
done here was “Deer in a Landscape,” after a painting by
Thomas Doughty. Mr. Sartain soon had an abundance
of work; and in 1843 he became the proprietor of “Camp-
bell’s Foreign Semi-Monthly Magazine,” and was also
interested in the “Eclectic Museum.” From 1841 to 1848
Mr. Sartain had been engraving for “Graham’s Mag-
azine,” and upon the collapse of that journal in the latter
year he became half-owner of “Sartain’s Union Mag-
azine,” the first number of which appeared in Jan-
uary, 1849; this journal was discontinued in 1852. For
235
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
all of these magazines Mr. Sartain was the art man-
ager and engraver, others doing the literary work.
During this time Mr. Sartain also painted a few good
portraits. : 3
After 1852 Mr. Sartain devoted himself to general
engraving, and his total output of engraved plates num-
bers about 1500. His large portrait plates are very gen-
erally admirable examples of mezzotint work. |
SARTAIN, SAMUEL -
Born in Philadelphia, Oct. 8, 1830; died Dec. 19,
1906. Samuel Sartain studied engraving under his
father, John Sartain, and became an admirable en-
graver of mezzotint portraits. About 1851 he com-
menced business on his own account in Philadelphia,
and did much work for the publishers of that period.
‘He was still actively engaged in engraving in 1905.
SARTAIN, WILLIAM
Born in Philadelphia, Nov. 21, 1848; living in New
York in 1906. William Sartain, the son of John Sartain,
studied mezzotint engraving with his father and issued
and signed a few portrait plates. He then studied art in
Paris, under Bonnat and at the Ecole des Beaux Arts,
and became a reputable painter of landscape.
Mr. Sartain was one of the founders of the Society of
American Artists; is an Associate of the National Acad- —
emy of Design; was president of the New York Art
Club, and was lately a teacher in the life class of the Art
Students’ League of New York.
236
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
SAULNIER, H. E.
Saulnier was a script and letter engraver working in
Philadelphia in 1880-40. He engraved one of the early
certificates of membership of the Franklin Institute, of
that city.
SAVAGE, EDWARD
Born in Princeton, Mass., Nov. 26, 1761; died there
July 6, 1817. Savage was originally a goldsmith; but as
early as 1789 he turned his attention to portrait-painting.
He went to London and probably there learned to en-
grave in stipple and in mezzotint; as his engraved por-
trait of Gen. Knox was published in that city in 1791,
and his Washington prints were issued in the same city
in 1792-93. His engraved work is good and highly
prized.
Savage returned to the United States about 1794, as
on Oct. 18, 1794, he was married in Boston to Sarah —
Seaver. Soon after this date he settled in Philadelphia
where his brother John Savage had established himself
as a merchant. In 1795 he exhibited the first panorama
ever seen in that city, and he apparently remained in
Philadelphia, publishing prints at intervals, until 1801:
his name disappears from the directory in that year. He
then seemingly went to New York, and from there to
Boston and to Princeton.
While little is known of the later life of Edward Sav-
age, the most complete sketch of his life is contained in
a paper presented to the Massachusetts Historical So-
ciety on Jan. 12, 1905, by Mr. Charles Henry Hart. Mr.
Hart denies the story, started by William Dunlap, that
237
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
David Edwin and others largely assisted Savage in his
work as an engraver.
SAVORY, ——
This name is appended as engraver to a somewhat
crudely executed line-engraving of “Trinity Church,
Pittsburgh. Founded 4.p. 1824.” ‘The plate is signed
Savory Sc. Pitt. There is no date, but appearances
would indicate that the work was done about 1830-40.
SAX TON, JOSEPH
Born in Huntington, Pa., March 22, 1790; died in
Washington, D. C., Oct. 26, 1873. Saxton was not an
engraver, though he devised a medal-ruling machine,
among his other many inventions. While he was the
constructor and curator of the standard weighing ap-
paratus in the U. S. Mint, in Philadelphia, in 1842, he
- produced two beautifully executed portraits by means of
this machine. These are portraits of Franklin Peale and
Dr. R. M. Patterson; they are inscribed “Modelled by
J. G. Chapman; Electrotyped by Franklin Peale; En-
graved with the Medal-ruling machine by Jos. Saxton,
Mint of the United States, 1842.” They are admirable
pieces of work of this type.
Previous to this date, medal-ruling had been done di-
rectly from the original medal, with the disadvantage of
copying all its dents, scratches, or other imperfections;
or there was the possibility of injuring a valuable medal
by scratching it with the tracer. Then a shellac cast of
the original was copied by the machine; but this device
failed owing to the shellac model being liable to puncture
238 3
.
Ra
~
HON. JAMES BOWDO
;
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
by the tracing-point, thus producing false lines upon the
plate being engraved. To avoid these difficulties, in-
herent in the older methods, Saxton made an electrotype
copy of the original and used that as a model in the ma-
chine. As this model was copper, it could not be punc-
tured, and any imperfections in the original could be
corrected in the model; it provided a smooth, hard and
true surface for the tracing-point, and produced a per-
fect copy.
SCACKTI, FRANCISCO
This name is signed to a large but very crudely drawn
and etched view of the “Battle of New Orleans.” It is
seemingly contemporaneous with the battle in date: and
the only impression seen has the second state of the plate
printed on the back of the first impression. It is difficult
to determine, however, whether Scacki is the engraver or
the publisher of the plate, or both. The form of the
signature is as follows: Francisco Scacki—Copy Right
Secured.
SCHLECHT, CHARLES |
Born in Stuttgart, Germany, in 1843; living in New
York in 1905. Charles Schlecht was brought to the
United States by his parents in 1852, and was appren-
ticed to the American Bank Note Company in 1859; and
he also received instructions in his profession from
Charles Burt and Alfred Jones.
Mr. Schlecht has made bank-note engraving his prin-
cipal occupation, working in New York City and at the
Bureau of Engraving and Printing in Washington,
239
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
D.C. But he has also produced some admirable portrait
and subject plates for the publishers. Two of his large
plates, executed in pure line, are especially worthy of
note. These are “Eyes to the Blind,” after a painting by
A. F. Bellows, and “The Wish,” after a painting by
Percy Moran. These plates are 18 x 24 ins., and 16 x 27
ins., respectively.
SCHOFYF, P. R.
An excellent portrait in pure line, that of. Robert
Baird, after a painting by G. P. R. Healy, is thus signed.
No other work has been found signed by this man; and
it is possible that the signature is a letter engraver’s
error for the above.
SCHOFF, STEPHEN ALONZO
Born in Danville, Vt., Jan. 16, 1818; died at Brandon,
Vt., in 1905. When Mr. Schoff was about eight years of
age his parents removed—first to Bradford, on the Mer-
rimac, and later to Newburyport, Mass., selecting the
latter place for its superior schools. Stephen Alonzo
Schoff was one of a family of six children, and when he
was sixteen years old he was sent to Boston and there in--
dentured for five years to Oliver Pelton, an engraver of
that city. Dissatisfied with the progress he was making,
at the end of about three years, and with the consent of
Mr. Pelton, Mr. Schoff became a pupil of Joseph An-
drews; and to this admirable line-engraver, says Mr.
Schoff in a personal letter, “I owe more than can ever be
repaid.”
With Mr. Andrews he went to Paris in 1840, and both
young men there worked for a time in the studio of Paul
240
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
Delaroche, drawing from the nude. Mr. Schoff returned
to the United States in 1842, and was at once employed
by a bank-note engraving company in New York. About
this time, “with the kind aid of Mr. A. B. Durand,” he
commenced his folio plate of “Caius Marius on the
Ruins of Carthage,” after the painting by J. Vander-
lyn; this Mr. Schoff considered his best plate. Mr.
Schoff engraved a large number of portraits for various
publications; but among his large plates may be men-
tioned the following: “The Bathers,” after the painting
by Wm. Hunt; the portrait of R. W. Emerson, after S.
W. Rowe; his portrait of William Penn, in armor, en-
graved for the Pennsylvania Historical Society; a ma-
rine piece, after De Haas; and an etching for the Phila-
delphia Art Club, from a painting by Mr. Tarbell, of
Boston. All of these are admirable examples of engrav-
ing, chiefly in line. The larger part, however, of the
long professional life of Mr. Schoff was devoted'to bank-
note engraving.
SCHOFIELD, LOUIS SARTAIN
Born Aug. 4, 1868; living in 1905; a grandson of
John Sartain. He is an expert line-engraver and a de-
signer of great ability, and for some years has been in the
employ of the Bureau of Engraving and sayahweak at
Washington, D. C.
SCHOYER, RAPHAEL
Schoyer was a copperplate printer in Baltimore, Md.,
in 1824; and in 1826 he was engraving some indifferently
executed portraits in New York.
241
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
SCHWARTZ, C.
In 1814 this stipple-engraver of portraits was working
in Baltimore, Md. His signed work is rare, but his large
plate of Bishop James Kemp, published in Baltimore, is
a capital piece of work.
SCOLES, JOHN
This engraver of portraits and subject plates was lo-
cated continuously in New York from 17938 until 1844.
He probably died in the latter year, as his address then
changes to “John Scoles, late engraver.” Scoles worked
in both line and stipple, but with indifferent success. He
engraved many of the views appearing in the “New
York Magazine” in 1793-96. At times Scoles united
bookselling with engraving, according to the directories.
SCOT, ROBERT
Born in England and was originally a watchmaker.
He appears in Philadelphia about 1783, and in that year
he engraved a frontispiece for a Masonicsermon preached
by Wm. Smith, D.D., and published by Hall & Sellers.
He advertised himself as “Late Engraver to the State of
Virginia,” and in 1785 he was paid £16 for engraving
done for the State of Pennsylvania. Scot engraved a
few fairly well-executed line portraits, including one of
Washington, over his own name; but as a member of the
firm of Scot & Allerdice he did a large amount of work
for Dobson’s edition of Rees’ Encyclopedia, Philadel-
phia, 1794-1803. On Nov. 23, 1798, Robert Scot was
appointed engraver to the newly established U. S. Mint
in Philadelphia, and he is credited with having made the
242
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
dies for the copper cent of 1793. “Poulson’s Advertiser,”
Philadelphia, April 28, 1806, announces the death of the
wife of “Robert Scot, Engraver to the Mint,” indicating
that he was holding that office as late as 1806.
A: portrait engraver of Edinburgh, Robert Scott by
name, is often confused with the Robert Scot of Phila-
delphia.
SCOTT, JOSEPH T.
Scott was a very good map engraver working in Phila-
delphia as early as 1795. He published an atlas of the
United States, printed in Philadelphia in 1796 by Fran-
cis and Robert Bailey. Scott drew and engraved the
maps.
SEALEY, ALFRED
Born in the United States; is said to have died in
Canada about 1862. Sealey was an admirable line-en-
graver and devoted himself to bank-note work in his later
life. In 1856 he was apparently working in Philadel-
phia, but some of his signed work is dated as early as
1845. In 1860 some very good line illustrations to
Cooper’s novels are signed Sealey & Smith Sculpt. This
work was done in New York and may be ascribed to
Alfred Sealey.
SERZ, J.
Bern in Saxony; died in Philadelphia about 1878, as
the result of a fall. Serz came to Philadelphia about
1850; he engraved several large historical plates and
243
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
furnished a number of subjects to “Sartain’s Mag-
azine” and other publications of that city.
SEYMOUR, JOSEPH H.
Joseph H. Seymour was in the employ of Isaiah
Thomas, at Worcester, Mass., as early as 1791. The
Bible published by Thomas in that year contains thirty-
two plates by Seymour, variously signed J. H., Jos. and
J. Seymour; and in the printer’s advertisement Thomas
writes: “These plates were engraved in his Office
(Thomas’s) in this town in 1791 . . . and the Editor
doubts not but a proper allowance will be made for work
engraved by an Artist who obtained his knowledge in
this country, compared with that done by European
Engravers who have settled in the United States.” Sey-
mour was thus evidently trained to his art in the United
States and must have been really at work in Worcester
previous to 1791. He engraved plates for various pub-
lications of Isaiah Thomas until at least 1795; and we
then find his engravings illustrating Hayley’s “Triumph
of Temper,” “Printed by John Mycall for Joseph H.
Seymour, Engraver, in Boston.” From 1808 until 1822
the directories of Philadelphia locate him in that city,
where he did much work for the encyclopedia published
by S. F. Bradford. His one ambitious portrait plate,
that of Governor John Hancock, was published in Jan-
uary, 1794, at the office of the “Worcester Gazette,” and _
sold for “7s. 6d. each copy.”
SEYMOUR, SAMUEL
S. Seymour was an engraver of portraits, etc., located
in Philadelphia in 1797-1822. In 1823, as a draftsman,
244
!
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
he accompanied Major Stephen H. Long on his explor-
ing expedition into the Yellowstone region, and nothing
later is known of him.
SHALLUS, FRANCIS
Died in Philadelphia, Nov. 12, 1821, “in the 48th year
of his age.” Shallus was born in Philadelphia and was
the son of Jacob Shallus, an officer in the Revolutionary
War. As a young man Francis Shallus was prominent
in local politics; and in 1805 he was captain of the First
Light Infantry, of Philadelphia.
His profession is given as engraver from 1797 to 1821;
but he was a poor workman. In 1813 Shallus conducted
a circulating library; and in 1817 he published a book
entitled “The Chronological Tables for Every Day in
the Year.”
SHARPE, C. W.
This line-engraver of portraits and book illustrations
was working in Philadelphia in 1850. There are some
indications that he originally came from Boston to that
city. ;
SHERMAN & SMITH
This firm was designing and engraving plates for the
New York “New Mirror” in 1841. In 1838-39 the firm
of Stiles, Sherman & Smith was engraving in the same
city. In both of these cases the Smith of the firm was
probably Wm. D. Smith.
SHERRATT, THOMAS
About 1870 a portrait engraver of this name was work-
ing for Detroit publishers.
245
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
SHIELDS & HAMMOND
This firm name is signed to some good landscape
plates published in New Orleans in 1845. Hammond is
- noticed elsewhere.
SHIPMAN, CHARLES
In the “New York Mercury,’ May 16, VW 68, is the
following: “Charles Shipman, Ivory and Hard Wood
Turner, . . . engraves Copper Plate, Seals, etc.”
SHIRLAW, WALTER
Born in Paisley, Scotland, Aug. 6, 1888; living in
New York in 1906. Walter Shirlaw was brought to New
York by his parents in 1840, and after he had been edu-
cated in that city he was apprenticed to an engraver. For
a time he worked at bank-note engraving, but having a
decided leaning toward art, he studied in the intervals of
business, and exhibited in 1861 at the Academy of De-
sign; in 1870—78 he continued his art studies in Munich
and other continental centers. His large painting of
“Sheep Shearing in the Bavarian Highlands” received
Honorable Mention at the Paris Exhibition of 1878.
Upon his return to the United States, Mr. Shirlaw
painted, etched, and designed book illustrations; and for
some years he was in charge of the Art Students’ League,
in New York. He was the first president of the Society
of American Artists.
SHOTWELL, H. C.
In 1853 this landscape engraver was vores for pub-
lishers in Cincinnati, O.
246
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SIMMONKE, T.
In 1814-16 Simmone was engraving a very few, but
good, plates for the New York publishers David Long-
worth and T. C. Fay.
SIMMONS, JOSEPH
The “Pennsylvania Gazette” for Jan. 3, 1765, contains
the following advertisement: “Joseph Simmons, En-
graver, from London, Cuts Coats of Arms and Cyphers
in Stone, Silver or Steel, for Watches. He is to be spoke
with at Mr. Robert Porter’s, Saddler, in Market Street,
opposite the Prison. N. B. As there is no other Person
of the same business on the Continent, he hopes to meet
with Encouragement.”
Simmons was evidently a seal-cutter; and the interest
lies in his claim to be the only one then in business in the
country. |
SIMPSON, M.
This stipple-engraver designed and engraved a por-
trait of Washington in the center of an elaborate script
memorial. This print was published in 1855 and is
signed as Designed and Engraved by S. Simpson, New
York.
SKINNER, CHARLES
This excellent banknote engraver, still in the employ
of the American Bank Note Company, was working in
New York at least as early as 1867. He engraved in
line a few portraits for the book publishers. |
247
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
SMILLIE, JAMES
Born in Edinburgh, Scotland, Nov. 28, 1807; died in
Poughkeepsie, N. Y., Dec. 4, 1885. James Smillie was
the son of a silversmith and he was first apprenticed to
James Johnston, a silver-engraver of his native city, and
he also received some instruction from Edward Mitchell,
a portrait engraver. In 1821 he came with his family to
Quebec, Canada, where his father and elder brother
established themselves in business as Jewelers, and James
worked with them for some time as a general engraver.
In 1827, under the patronage of Lord Dalhousie, he was
sent to London and to Edinburgh for instruction in en-
graving, but he returned to Quebec after a short time,
and in 1829 he went to New York.
His first plate to attract attention was done after Rob-
ert W. Weir’s painting of the “Convent Gate’; and in
1832—36 he engraved a series of plates for the “New
York Mirror” after paintings by Weir. In 1882 he was
made an Associate of the National Academy, and in 1851
he became an Academician.
James Smillie was an admirable line-engraver of
landscape, and worked largely from his own drawings.
But from 1861 until his death he devoted himself almost
solely to bank-note engraving, and he did much to bring
that art to its present high repute.
SMILLIE, JAMES DAVID
Born in New York, Jan. 16, 1833; living in 1906.
James David Smillie was a son of James Smillie, and
was trained by his father as an engraver on steel. While
his principal work was bank-note engraving he pro-
248
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
duced some excellent general work, including a series
of illustrations for Cooper’s novels, after designs by
F. O. C. Darley. He was an excellent etcher and a
founder of the New York Etching Club, and later its
president.
In 1864, after a visit to Europe, James D. Smillie
turned his attention to painting, and in the same year he
exhibited at the Academy of Design, in New York, and
was made an Associate of the National Academy in
1865; he was made an Academician in 1876. As a
painter in oils and water-colors he has achieved reputa-
tion. He was one of the founders and the president
(1878-79) of the American Water Color Society; he
was also president of the New York Etching Club.
SMILLIE, WILLIAM CUMMING
Born in Edinburgh, Scotland, Sept. 23, 1813; living
in 1899. Wm. C. Smillie was a brother of James Smillie
and came to Canada with his father’s family in 1821.
After working at silver-engraving for a time in Quebec,
he came to New York in 1830. He early turned his at-
tention to bank-note engraving and was connected with
several bank-note companies; the last of which, Ed-
monds, Jones & Smillie, was later absorbed by the Ameri-
can Bank Note Co. In 1866 he secured a contract to en-
grave the paper currency of the Canadian government,
and for this purpose he established a bank-note engray-
ing company in Ottawa. In 1874 he retired from this
business; but in 1882 he again established an engraving
company in Canada, and he was still at the head of that
company in 1889.
249 ;
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
SMILLIE, WILLIAM MAIN
Born in New York, Nov. 28, 1835; died there Jan.
21, 1888. Wm. M. Smillie was a son of James Smillie,
and was early known as an expert letter-engraver.
He was long employed by one of the firms that in
1857 was merged into the old American Bank Note
Co.; and he was connected with the old and the
present American company until his death, having
been general manager of the present organization for
some years.
SMITH, C. H.
In 1855—60 this capital line-engraver of portraits and
book illustrations was working in Philadelphia and in
New York.
SMITH, G.
This name is signed to well-executed script bill-heads,
etc., published in 1790-1800. ‘The work was done in
New York.
SMITH, GEORGE GIRDLER
Born at Danvers, Mass., about the close of the
eighteenth century; died in Boston about 1858. He was
probably a pupil of Abel Bowen, the Boston engraver,
as he was in Bowen’s employ in 1815 as an engraver.
Little is known about G. G. Smith until 1830, when, in
connection with William B. Annin, he was in the gen-
eral engraving business in Boston, working under the
firm name of Annin & Smith. Mr. Smith was early inter-
250
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
ested in lithography, and visited Paris for instruction
and material; but for some reason he failed in his efforts
to establish himself in that business. Later, he was en-
gaged in the bank-note engraving business with Terry
and Pelton; and when that firm was absorbed by another
company, Smith resumed the general engraving business
with two of his former pupils, Knight and Tappan. G.
G. Smith engraved portraits chiefly, in both line and
stipple, and he did some good work.
SMITH, HEZEKIAH WRIGHT
Born in Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1828; disappeared
from Philadelphia in 1879, and was never heard of after-
ward. Smith was brought to New York when about five
years old, and was later apprenticed to an engraver in
that city. He continued his studies under Thomas Doney
and became a most meritorious engraver of portraits,
both in line and in stipple. In 1850 he was associated
with Joseph Andrews in Boston; and in 1870-77 he was
employed in New York.
In 1877 H. W. Smith established himself in Phila-
delphia and did considerable work in that city, but in
April, 1879, he suddenly abandoned engraving, sold all
his effects and left that city and was never heard of again.
Among his more important plates are the following: A
full length of Daniel Webster, after the portrait by
Chester Harding; a three-quarter length of Edward
Everett, and his head of Washington after the Athe-
nzum head by Stuart; this latter is said to be the best
engraving of this famous portrait ever made.
251
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
SMITH, JOHN RUBENS
Born in England about 1770; died in New York City,
Aug. 21, 1849. Tuckerman, in his “Book of the Artists,”
says that John Rubens Smith was the son of the famous
English engraver John Raphael Smith (1740-1811).
John R. Smith was working as an engraver in Boston in
1811, and in 1816 he was in New York, painting por-
traits, engraving, and conducting a drawing-school. He
remained in New York until 1826; and then possibly
went to Philadelphia, as he was engraving and teaching
drawing in that city in 1835-87. He again appears in
New York in 1845 and once more opened his school.
Among his known pupils were Sully, Agate, Cummings,
Leutze, and Swain R. Gifford. In noting his death the
“Historic Annals of the National Academy of Design”
describes Smith as “short in figure, with a large head,
peculiar one-sided gait and an indescribable expression
of countenance.” As an engraver he worked in stipple,
aquatint, and mezzotint, chiefly upon portraits; and he
was an experienced engraver.
SMITH, R. K.
A weak stipple portrait of Rev. John Flavel is signed
Engraved by R. K. Smith from an Original. This plate
appears as a frontispiece to “The Fountain of Life
Opened, Etc.,” by Rev. John Flavel, and it was pub-
lished by Joseph Martin, Richmond, Va., 1824. Noother
example of the work of the engraver has been found.
SMITH, SIDNEY L.
Born in Foxboro, Mass., June 15, 1845; living in
1906. In 1847 his father removed to Canton, Mass.,
252
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
which place has since been the home of the subject of
this sketch. In August, 1863, Sidney L. Smith was
placed with Reuben Carpenter, a commercial engraver,
to learn that business; but in the early part of 1864 Mr.
Smith enlisted in the Union army and saw some service
at the close of the Civil War. Upon returning to peace-
ful pursuits, he entered the engraving establishment of
Joseph Andrews, in Boston. Under the general super-
vision of Mr. Andrews, Mr. Smith and Mr. Thomas D.
Kendricks reproduced on steel the original etchings, and
the original woodcuts as well, issued in England for an
edition of Dickens’ works. As Mr. Andrews was not an
_ etcher and had little liking for this class of work, the
young men were left pretty much to their own devices in
a task that a them for about two and one half
years.
Upon the SA eictior of this work Mr. Smith opened
an engraving establishment of his own, and for some
time was engaged with such work as he could secure. In
1877 Mr. John La Farge, who had previously tried to
induce Mr. Smith to abandon engraving for painting,
invited the latter to assist him in the decoration of
Trinity Church, in Boston; and as an assistant to Mr.
La Farge, Mr. Smith was engaged in this work until
1883; and until 1887 he was chiefly employed in the de-
signing of stained glass windows and in work of a
decorative character.
In 1887 Mr. Smith made some etchings for Mr. Clar-
ence Cook; and finding that others desired work of a
similar character he has continued etching and designing
for engravers, etc., since that date. Though Mr. Smith
253
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
has produced exceptionally good and artistic work as an
etcher, his experience as an engraver proper has been
confined to the early part of his professional career, and
covers a comparatively brief period.
SMITH, WILLIAM D.
In 1829 this capital line-engraver was working in
Newark, N. J., and he was possibly a pupil of Peter
Maverick. From 1835 to 1850 Wm. D. Smith was in
business as a general engraver in New York City.
SMITHER, JAMES .
According to all the data available, this engraver in
line, and in a somewhat peculiar stipple manner, first ap-
pears in this country in Philadelphia in 1768, when he
was engraving for Robert Bell, a publisher and book-
seller of that city. He then advertises his business as
follows in the “Pennsylvania Journal” of April 21,
1768: 2
“James Smither. Engraver. At the first house in
Third-street, from the Cross-Keys, corner of Chesnut-
street, Philadelphia. Performs all manner of Engravy-
ing in gold, silver, copper, steel and all other metals:
coats of arms, and seals, done in the neatest manner.
Likewise cuts stamps, brands and metal cuts for printers,
and ornamental tools for book-binders. He also orna-
ments guns and pistols, both engraving and inlaying sil-
ver, at the most reasonable rates.”
This advertisement would seem to justify the tradition
that he was originally an ornamenter of guns and a gun-
smith, working in the Tower of London previous to his
254
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arrival in Philadelphia. He did considerable engraving
for Robert Bell, mentioned above; engraved book-plates
and bill-heads; and he is credited with having engraved
the plates for some of the paper money of the Province
of Pennsylvania, and then having counterfeited this
money for the use of the enemy during the British occu-
pation of Philadelphia. In any event, a proclamation
was issued by the Supreme Executive Council of Penn-
sylvania, on June 25, 1778, accusing Smither and others
of having “knowingly and willingly aided and assisted
the enemies of this state and the U. S. of America,” and
declaring all of them attainted of high treason. Smither
evidently left Philadelphia with the British troops, as he
was working for Hugh Gaine in New York in 1777; and
he advertises himself as an engraver, “late of Philadel-
phia,” in Rivington’s “Royal Gazette” of May 22, 1779.
He returned to Philadelphia, as in 1786 he was en-
graving for publishers of that city; and the name of
“James Smither, engraver and seal-cutter’” appears in
the Philadelphia directories for 1791-1800, 1802-19, and
in 1828-24. Unfortunately, there was a James Smither,
Jr., also an engraver, and the directories make no dis-
tinction between the father and son. The elder James
Smither was certainly engraving after 1800, but he prob-
ably died soon after that date.
SMITHER, JAMES, JR.
As mentioned in the preceding sketch, there is some
difficulty in disentangling these two names. The evidence
of the existence of a “James Smither, Jr.,” lies in the -
occurrence of this name among the professional members
255
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
of the Philadelphia Association of Artists, organized on
Dec. 28, 1794; and plates of birds so signed are among
the illustrations in Dobson’s edition of Rees’ Encyclo-
pedia, published in Philadelphia in 1794-1803. In the
same work, however, plates almost identical in character
are signed “James Smither” and “James Smither, Jr.”;
and it is possible that the elder Smither having died in
the interval of publication, the son used both forms of
name. The directories make no distinction between
father and son and give no clue. The probability is that
the elder Smither died soon after 1800, and it was the
son who was working until 1824, fifty-six years after
the appearance of the James Smither of 1768.
The name of James Smither, Jr., as engraver, has only
been found by the compiler in Dobson’s encyclopedia;
the work is in line. A James Smither, probably the son,
‘was an officer in one of the Pennsylvania militia regi-
ments in 1776-77. | |
SNYDER, H. W.
Snyder was engraving in New York in 1797-1805;
and in 1811 he made some good stipple portraits for the
“Polyanthos,” of Boston. He usually signed his plates
“Snyder,” but one plate, published in Boston in 1807, is
signed as above. As “H.W. Snyder” he also made a
number of the line illustrations in “The American Build-
er’s Companion,” published in Boston in 1816. —
SOPER, R. F. !
This meritorious engraver of portraits in stipple was
employed by New York publishers as early as 1831; he
256
EE ee” ee eee a eke a Cae aes
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
worked largely for J. C. Buttre, of the same city, at a
later period.
SPARROW, T. -
Plates for Maryland paper money, issued in 1770-74,
are conspicuously signed 7. Sparrow, Sculp. Sparrow
also engraved upon copper the title-page to “The Dep-
uty Commissary’s Guide of Maryland,” published by
Anne Catherine Green & Son, Annapolis, Md., 1774.
Sparrow was largely a wood-engraver, and thus made
book-plates, head- and tail-pieces, bill-heads, etc. He
was located in Annapolis, Md.; and Mr. Charles Dexter
Allen, in his “American Book-Plates,” says that he
worked there between 1765 and 1780.
SPENCELEY, J. WINFRED
Born in Boston, Mass., in 1865; living there in 1906.
Mr. Spenceley learned to engrave with J. A. Lowell &
Co., of Boston, and was with that firm in 1882-87, doing
lettering and ornamental steel and copperplate engrav-
ing with the intention of devoting himself to bank-note
work. He was at the same time attending the art school
of 'Tomasso Juglaris, in Boston. In 1887 he went into
business for himself, and while perfecting himself in free-
hand drawing he took up etching. In 1901—03 he was
with the Western Bank Note Co., of Chicago; and he
was later associated with the bank-note company of E.
Bouligny y Cie, of the city of Mexico.
While in the employ of J. A. Lowell & Co., Mr. Spen-
celey worked upon several book-plates, including one of |
Oliver Wendell Holmes. The freedom of design and the
257
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
variety incidental to book-plate work appealed to him,
and he later made a specialty of this branch of engray-
ing, designing as well as engraving the plates. Among
the more important book-plates made by Mr. Spenceley
may be noted the following: The plate for the Boston
Public Library and those for Harvard, Dartmouth,
Michigan, Ohio State, and Missouri universities. In ad-
dition to these he has designed and engraved about one
hundred and fifty plates for other libraries and for pri-
vate individuals. A. descriptive catalogue of Mr. Spen-
celey’s book-plates has been published by W. P. Trues-
dell, Boston, 1905.
SPENCER, ASA
Born in New England; died in England April 1,
1847. In 1815 Spencer was a member of the bank-note
engraving firm of Murray, Draper, Fairman & Co. of
Philadelphia. He invented a process for applying lath-
work to bank-note engraving, made improvements in the
medal-ruling machine, and introduced other devices con-
nected with the manufacture of bank-notes. As men-
tioned in the note on Gideon Fairman, he accompanied
Fairman and Perkins to England in 1817. But Spencer
returned to Philadelphia, and later he published a few
book illustrations made by his medal-ruling machine; he
was also a member of the bank-note engraving firm of
Draper, Underwood, Bald & Huffy, of Philadelphia.
SPENCER, W. H.
This engraver of landscape, in line, was working in
New York in 1825.
258
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
STALKER, E.
Well-engraved vignettes so signed are found in Phila-
delphia publications of 1815. There was an E. Stalker
engraving in London in 1801 and again in 1828; it is
possible that he was located in Philadelphia for a short
time. Several of the plates noted are designed by C. R.
Leslie.
STEEL, ALFRED B.
This engraver of subject plates was working for
_“Sartain’s Magazine” in 1850.
STEEL, J.
In 1850 J. Steel was doing very good work for “Sar-
tain’s Magazine.” He was an engraver of buildings, etc.
STEEL, JAMES W.
Born in Philadelphia in 1799; died there June 30,
1879. Steel was a pupil of the Philadelphia engravers
Benjamin Tanner and George Murray; and for a time
he was engaged in bank-note engraving for Tanner, Val-
lance, Kearney & Co. Later, he became an accomplished
line-engraver and produced a number of portraits, land-
scape, and Annual plates. Steel was working over his
own name in 1820; at a later period in his professional
life he was chiefly employed upon bank-note work.
STEEPER, JOHN
According to an advertisement in the “Pennsylvania
Gazette,” March 25, 1762, John Steeper was engraving
“in all its branches” in Philadelphia. Westcott, in his
259
ag ee
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
“Philadelphia,” says that the first important copperplate
published in Philadelphia, in 1775, was “A Southeast
Prospect of the Pennsylvania Hospital with the eleva-
tion of the intended plan.” He goes on to say that Mont-
gomery and Winters drew it; it was engraved by J.
Steeper and H. Dawkins, and was printed and sold by
Robert Kennedy, of Philadelphia. |
In the “Pennsylvania Gazette,” Oct. 22, 1761, Robert
Kennedy, copperplate printer, advertises as follows: “A
Prospective View of the Pennsylvania Hospital, taken
by Messieurs Winters and Montgomery for the sub- —
scriber (with the Approbation of the Managers of the
said Hospital) which is now engraving and may be ex-
pected in two weeks.” This is doubtless the print referred
to by Westcott as issued in 1755. James Claypoole’s —
“Perspective View” of the hospital was also published
in 1761; but it differs widely from the print of ‘Steeper
and Dawkins. Unfortunately, the only example of this
latter engraving seen by the writer is somewhat muti-
lated, the engravers’ names appearing as J. Steeper &
H. Dawkins . . . It however contains the names of
Montgomery and Winter Del. and the Printed and Sold
by Rob' Kennedy Philad*.
STILES, SAMUEL
From 1880 to 1860 this line-engraver was employed in
New York upon both bank-notes and general engray-
ings. Stiles probably came from Utica, N. Y., as in
1830 he went to New York with Vistus Balch, of Utica,
and they worked together for some time under the firm
name of Balch & Stiles.
260
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
STODART, G.
A. well-engraved portrait of David Stoner, in stipple,
is signed by G. Stodart. It was apparently published
about 1835, but as G. Stodart also engraved a portrait of
Washington, published in London, he may have been an
English engraver. David Stoner, however, seems to have
been an American, and his portrait was published in the
United States.
STONE, HENRY
In 1826 this line-engraver was working in Washing-
ton, D. C. He was doubtless connected with the Mr.
and Mrs. W. J. Stone here referred to—possibly a son.
Henry Stone drew upon stone for lithographers of
Washington, D. C.
STONE, WILLIAM J.
In 1822 this excellent engraver of portraits in stipple
and etcher of buildings, etc., was located in Washington,
D. C., possibly in Government employ. A map of Wash-
ington, published in 1840 by Wm. D. Morrison, is signed
Eng’d by Mrs. W. J. Stone. There is an excellent en-
graved portrait of Wm. J. Stone.
STORM, G. F.
Born in England and came to Philadelphia about
1834. Storm was an admirable engraver of portraits in
stipple; he was also a good etcher. Though his stay in
the United States is said to have been a short one, he
engraved a considerable number of American portraits.
| 261
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
STORY, THOMAS C.
This general engraver of portraits and historical plates
was in business in New York in the period 1837-44.
The firm of Story & Atwood was engraving in the same
city in 1848.
STOUT, GEORGE H.
The New York directories for 1830-50, inclusive,
contain this name as an “engraver of cards, seals and
door-plates.”
STOUT, JAMES D.
This man was a map engraver of 1813, apparently
living in New York.
. STOUT, JAMES V.
James V. Stout was in business in New York in
1834-88, as a general engraver and die-sinker. He en-
graved some good landscape plates.
STRICKLAND, WILLIAM
Born in Philadelphia in 1787; died in Nashville,
Tenn., April 7, 1854. Strickland studied architecture
under Benjamin H. Latrobe; but in 1809 he took up
portrait-painting, designing for engravers, and engrav-
ing in aquatint. In this manner he produced a few por-
traits and a number of views illustrating events in the
War of 1812.
About 1820 Strickland resumed practice as an archi-
tect, and among the buildings designed by him in Phila-
262
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THE HON. TAPPING REBVE:
ublishit by Cw, Catlin, fro the ently portrait of hire in ertglence > Newlurke, ily.
us
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
delphia were the Masonic Hall, U. S. Mint, Bank of the
United States, the new Chestnut Street and the Arch
Street theaters, and the Merchants’ Exchange. With
the advent of railway building in the United States,
Strickland began to practise as a civil engineer, and he
became as famous as an engineer as he had deservedly
been as an architect. His latest public work, however,
was in the line of his original profession; he was the
architect for the State-house in Nashville, Tenn., and
died while this work was in progress. By a vote of the
Tennessee Legislature his body was deposited in a crypt
built for that purpose beneath the State-house.
As early as 1818 Strickland made an ambitious design
for “a grand national monument to be commemorative
of the illustrious Washington.” This monument was to
be erected in Washington city.
STUART, F. T.
This good engraver of portraits was working in 1850;
and at a much later date he was located in Boston.
SWETT, C. A.
This name as engraver is signed to maps published
in Boston in 1860—65. He engraved several plans of
the city of Boston.
TANNER, BENJAMIN
Born in New York City, March 27, 1775; died in Bal-
timore, Md., Nov. 14, 1848. Tanner’s master is un-
known, but he was engraving in New York in 1792, and
263
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
was possibly one of the pupils of Peter R. Maverick, of
that city. He remained in New York until 1805, and in
that. year his name first appears in the Philadelphia
directories, and he remained continuously in that city
until 1845, when he apparently removed to Baltimore.
In 1811, with his brother Henry S. Tanner, he com-
menced business as a general engraver and map pub-
lisher; in 1816—24 he was a member of the engraving
firm of Tanner, Vallance, Kearny & Co.; in 1837 he
changed his business to that of “stereographer,” using
steel plates for the production of checks, drafts, notes, |
and other mercantile paper.
As an engraver ‘Tanner worked in both line and stip-
ple. He produced some excellent large plates, of por-
traits and historical subjects, especially views relating to —
the Revolution and the War of 1812. Tanner engraved
some plates in connection with W. R. Jones.
The original subscription prices of some of the large
engravings published by Benjamin Tanner are indi-
cated in the prospectuses published by him in the news-
papers of the day. His “Perry’s Victory” is advertised
in the “Columbian Centinel,’’ Boston, March 9, 1814. It
was intended as a companion print to the “Capture of
the Macedonian,” by B. Tanner, and “Mr. 'Tiebout’s
Guerriere.” The price of “Perry’s Victory” was $5 to
subscribers; and any one who had previously secured the
“Capture of the Macedonian” could have the “Victory”
for $4. The “Surrender of Cornwallis,” engraved by
Tanner, Vallance, Kearny & Co., after a drawing by J.
F. Renault, and published in 1824, cost subscribers $12,
with an additional $3 for the accompanying “Plan.” In
264
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
the latter case non-subscribers were warned that when
the subscription closed the prices would be $15 and $5
respectively.
TANNER, HENRY S.
Born in New York City in 1786; died there in 1858.
In 1811 Henry S. Tanner was in business in Phila-
delphia as a partner of his brother Benjamin, and about
this time he engraved outline illustrations for some of
the magazines of that city, though he was chiefly en-
gaged upon map and chart work. The “Port Folio” of
1815 credits Henry S. Tanner with having invented a
process of bank-note engraving which was intended to
increase the difficulties of counterfeiting. He produced
effects by white lines on a black ground, very ToS! in
form and intricate in character.
In 1843, Henry S. Tanner removed to New York hea
there engaged in the engraving and publishing of maps,
charts, etc. He contributed geographical and statistical
articles to various periodicals, and published guide-books
for a half-dozen sections of the United States. ‘Tanner
was made a member of the Geographical societies of
London and Paris, when this distinction was rare among
Americans.
TAPPAN, W. H.
Tappan was an engraver of portraits in mezzotint
about 1840; and he engraved some line plates, in con-
junction with Joseph Andrews, in Boston. He was
doubtless the Tappan referred to in the sketch of Geo.
265
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
G. Smith, as his partner in the engraving business in
Boston.
TAYLOR, T.
Good landscape plates, done in line and published in
New York in 1860, are so signed. ‘Taylor was possibly
a bank-note engraver, as little of his signed work is seen.
TEEL, E.
Born in the United States about 1880; died in
Hoboken, N. J., before 1860. 'Teel was an excellent line-
engraver of portraits and landscape. After being em-
ployed for some time in New York, he was working for
Cincinnati publishers in 1854.
TERRIL, ISRAEL
Israel Terril arranged the music, engraved the title-
page and music, and printed and sold a music-book en-
titled ““Vocal Harmony, No. 1, Calculated for the use of
Singing Schools and Worshipping Assemblies.” ‘The im-
print is “Newhaven, West Society, Engrav’d Printed
and Sold by the Author (Israel Terril)”; and the
work was copyrighted “21 Aug. in 30" year of Inde-
pendence,” or in 1806. For the note on this engraving
the compiler is indebted to the courtesy of Mr. A. C.
Bates, of the Connecticut Historical Society.
TERRILL BROS.
These twin brothers were mezzotint-engravers, and.
came from Canada to the United States about 1868, and
returned to England about two years later. ‘They were
266
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
pupils of Simmons, of London, and mainly engraved
large plates of fancy subjects.
TERRY, W. D.
In 1836, in connection with Oliver Pelton, Terry
founded the “Bank Note Company of Boston.” The firm
of Terry, Pelton & Co. also did general engraving in the
same city. Terry himself was a bank-note engraver, and
some of his early vignettes are signed at Providence,
R. I.
THACKARA,
This signature as engraver is signed to a copperplate
frontispiece to “The Instructor, or Young Man’s Best
Companion, etc.,” by Geo. Fisher, published by Isaac
Collins, Burlington, N. J., 1775. No other example has
been seen of this man’s work; and it is barely possible
that the plate referred to was engraved by the sailor
father of James Thackara. It is poor in execution.
THACKARA, JAMES
Born in Philadelphia, March 12, 1767; died there
Aug. 15, 1848. James Thackara was the son of James
Thackara, Sr., who settled in Philadelphia in 1764, after
having served many years as a seaman in the British
navy. Young James was apprenticed to James Trench-
ard to learn engraving; and he later married Hannah
Trenchard, his preceptor’s daughter.
In 1794 Thackara was a partner of John Vallance in
the engraving business in Philadelphia; and Thackara’s
name as engraver appears in the directories from 1791
267
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
to 1838. His work was done entirely in line and was
confined to subject plates. He published, in 1814,
“Thackara’s Drawing Book, for the Amusement and
Instruction of Young Ladies and Gentlemen.” For
some time after 1826 Thackara was the keeper of the
Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts. A very good
three quarter length seated oil portrait of James Thack-
ara is in the possession of his grandson, James Thackara,
of Lancaster, Pa. |
THACKARA, WILLIAM W.
Born in Philadelphia, Feb. 9, 1791; died there April
19, 1839; son of James Thackara. The son was a pupil
of his father; and in 1882 they constituted the firm of
Thackara & Son, general engravers in Philadelphia.
THEW, ROBERT
Born in England; came to the United States about
1850; and returned to England about 1865. Robert
Thew worked in New York and in Cincinnati, and was a
clever engraver of landscapes. |
THOMPSON,
Some poorly drawn and poorly engraved subject
plates are thus signed. They were aaa = in New
York in 1884.
~ THOMPSON, D. G.
Born in England; died in New York about 1870.
Thompson spent a considerable part of his early life in
India with a brother who held some official position in
268
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
that country. He was engraving in New York in 1856,
working on portraits and landscapes. He was a good
water-color artist. |
THOMPSON, J. D.
In 1860 this capital line-engraver of landscapes was
working in New York. He was probably a bank-note
engraver. | |
THORNHILL, ——
This man was a music engraver on copper, located in
Charleston, S. C., early in the last century.
THORNTON, WILLIAM
Born in Tortola, West Indies, about 1761; died in
Philadelphia in 1827. William Thornton was educated
as a physician; was living in England and Scotland in
1781—88; and soon after the latter date he came to
Philadelphia, as he was elected a member of the Ameri-
can Philosophical Society, of that city, on Jan. 19, 1787.
He was a skilled architect and designed the Philadel-
phia library building, completed in 1790, and he later
superintended the erection of the original Capitol at
Washington. In 1802 Dr. Thornton was appointed the
first superintendent of the U. S. Patent Office and he
held that office until his death. He was prominently
identified with the scientific investigation of his day.
Portions of Dr. Thornton’s diaries, for 1780—83, are
preserved in the Division of Manuscripts in the Library
of Congress; and by the courtesy of Mr. Worthington
C. Ford, chief of that division, extracts from these
269
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
diaries have been furnished showing that Dr. Thornton,
while in England, made a serious attempt at mezzotint
engraving. He made various notes to this effect. On
April 20, 1781, he “Began to Scrape a Mezzotinto”’; on
Oct. 15, 1781, he “Paid for taking off my mezzotints,
1£. 1s.”; and “Paid Robinson for Engraving, 7s. 6d.”
The last entry probably refers to engraving the legend
under his mezzotint. In 1782 he sends “one of my Mez-
zotinto prints,” to various personal friends mentioned by
~ name in the diary.
One of these mezzotints is preserved in the Library of
Congress; it is dated in 1781. It is an enlarged copy of
an engraved gem representing Cesar Augustus, the
plate being of full quarto size. The mezzotint work is
fairly well executed; though the hand of the amateur is
apparent in the modeling of the face and in the hair. The
plate is dedicated to his friend the Rev. Doctor Baldwin,
of Aldingham. It is signed “Thornton,” in Greek char-
acters.
THROOP, D. S.
In 1824 a fairly well-engraved stipple portrait of La-
fayette was published, evidently made for a Lafayette
badge. Itis signed D. S. Throop Sc., Utica, N. Y.
THROOP, J. V. N.
This man was an engraver of portraits, in line and
stipple, who was working for both New York and Balti-
more publishers in 1835.
270
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THROOP, O. H.
In 1825 O. H. Throop, an engraver of landscape and
vignettes, had his office at 172 Broadway, New York
City.
TIEBOUT, CORNELIUS
This engraver, who has the distinction of having been
the first American-born professional engraver to pro-
duce really meritorious work, is supposed to have died in
obscurity in Kentucky about 1830. The date of his
birth is equally uncertain; for while some biographers
state that he was born in New York in 1777, existing
plates engraved by Tiebout show that he was doing
creditable work in 1789. He was descended from a
Huguenot family that came to this country from
Holland, and held lands on the Delaware River as early
as 1656; they also owned property in Flatbush, Long
Island, in 1669.
Tiebout was apprenticed to John Burger, a silver-
smith of New York, and in this business he first learned
to engrave upon metal. He was engraving maps and
subject plates for New York publishers in 1789-90, and
fairly good line portraits in 1793.
In the latter year he went to London to seek instruc-
tion under abler masters than he could find in his native
country. He there learned to engrave in the stipple
manner; and on Dec. 15, 1794, he published in London a
large and well-executed stipple plate engraved after a
painting by J. Green. In April, 1796, Tiebout pub-
lished in London his quarto portrait of John Jay. This
is probably the first really good portrait engraved by an
271
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
American-born professional engraver; the mezzotint
work of the artists Peale and Savage not properly com-
ing under this category.
In November, 1796, Cornelius Tiebout was again lo-
cated in New York, engraving and publishing prints in
connection with his brother, Andrew Tiebout. His name
disappears from the New York directories in 1799. He
went to Philadelphia about that time and conducted an
extensive business as an engraver in that city until 1825.
He is said to have made considerable money in his busi-
ness; but he lost this in some disastrous speculation, and |
then went to Kentucky, about 1825, and died there about
five years later.
TILLER, ROBERT
There were two engravers of this name in Philadel-
phia, father and son. As nearly as can be ascertained,
the father was an engraver of landscape, working in line
in 1818—25; while the son engraved portraits in stipple
and subject plates in line in 1828-86.
TISDALE, ELKANAH
Born in Lebanon, Conn., about 1771, and was living
in 1884. In 1794-98 Tisdale was located in New York
as an “Engraver and miniature painter”; but about the
latter year he removed to Hartford and became a mem-
ber of the Graphic Co., an association of engravers,
though he was the designer of vignettes rather than their
engraver. Dunlap says that he remained in Hartford
until 1825; and he was designing and engraving plates
for Samuel F’. Goodrich, of that city, in 1820.
272
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
Tisdale worked in both line and stipple; but his plates
possess little merit. The earliest dated plates by Tisdale
known to the writer are his full-page illustrations to
Trumbull’s “McFingal,” published in New York in
1795.
Tisdale was a better designer than engraver, and he
claimed to be a painter in his early life, though his best
work was in the line of miniature portrait painting. A
portrait of Gen. Knox, executed by Tisdale, was lately
in the possession of Mr. A. H. Emmons, of Norwich,
Conn.; it is claimed by good authority to be an excellent
piece of work.
TODD, A.
This engraver etched a small bust of Washington,
published for the Washington Benevolent Society, Con-
cord, 1812. A firm of Gray & Todd engraved astro-
nomical plates published in Philadelphia in 1817; but it
can not be certainly said that the Todd is the same man
in both cases.
TOPHAM,
Well-executed landscape plates published in Cincin-
nati in 1852 are thus signed.
TOPPAN, CHARLES
Born in Newburyport, Mass., in 1796; living in 1868.
Toppan was a pupil of Gideon Fairman and was with
that engraver in Philadelphia in 1814. After domg
some general engraving on his own account, on the death
of Fairman in 1827 he became a partner in the bank-
273
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
note company of Draper, Toppan, Longacre & Co. ‘This
firm later became Toppan, Carpenter, Casilear & Co.,
and in 1854 it was Toppan, Carpenter & Co. Having
removed to New York, Mr. Toppan, in 1858-60, was
president of the then American Bank Note Co., of that
city.
TORREY, CHARLES CUTLER
According to “The Annals of Salem” (Salem, Mass.,
1849), Charles Cutler Torrey was brought to Salem by
his parents as an infant. He studied engraving in Phila-
delphia about 1815, and in 1820 he established himself in
that business in Salem. While he is said to have en-
graved a few portrait plates and some general illustra-
tions for the book publishers, his most notable work of
this period is a large and well-executed plate showing a
“North East View of the Several Halls of Harvard
College.” This print was published in Boston, in 1823,
by Cummings, Hilliard & Co. A companion plate, show-
ing a “South view of the Several Halls of Harvard Col-
lege,” was engraved by Annin & Smith and published by
the same Boston firm. Torrey left Salem in 1823 and
removed to Nashville, Tenn., where he died of a fever in
1827.
He was a brother of Manasseh Cutler Torrey, a Bor
trait and miniature painter of Salem.
TRENCHARD, E. C.
A: well-executed stipple portrait of Count Rumford
is signed as Drawn and Engraved by E. C. Trenchard,
274
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
and it appears as a frontispiece to “The Essays of Count
Rumford,” published by D. West, Boston, 1798.
There is some difficulty in exactly locating this E. C.
Trenchard, who was engraving for Boston publishers in
1798. An Edward Trenchard, under date of Dec. 29,
1794, signed an agreement in Philadelphia to establish
in the United States a school or academy of architecture,
sculpture, painting, etc.; and among the other signers to
this document were the American engravers James
Trenchard, John Vallance, ciated Fox, Robert Field,
and John Eckstein.
The biography of Capt. Edward Trenchard, a naval
officer prominent in the War of 1812, says that he was
_ born at Salem, Salem Co., New Jersey, in 1784; studied
art under the instruction of his uncle, James 'Trenchard,
the Philadelphia engraver, and then went to England to
complete his art education. But on April 30, 1800, this
Edward Trenchard entered the U. S. Navy as a mid-
shipman, and became prominent in that service, as stated.
He died in Brooklyn, N. Y., Nov. 3, 1824. The pictorial
book-plate of “Lieut. KE. Trenchard, U.S. Navy,” is de-
scribed by Mr. Charles Dexter Allen; but it is unsigned
by the engraver.
The signer of the Philadelphia agreement of 1794,
and the Kdward Trenchard who studied with his uncle
before 1793—when James Trenchard left the United
States—might well have been the engraver of the
“Count Rumford” in 1798, so far as the dates are con-
cerned. But the alleged date of birth of the naval officer,
Edward Trenchard, is 1784; and the engraving is almost .
too well done to have been the work of a boy of fourteen
275
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
years of age. On the other hand, this date of 1784 may
be in error, and the later naval officer may have engraved
not only the portrait in question, but his own book-plate
as well.
TRENCHARD, JAMES
Trenchard’s grandson, Mr. James 'Thackara, of Lan-
caster, Pa., says that James 'Trenchard came to Phila-
delphia from Penns Neck, Salem Co., N. J. He was
located in Philadelphia as an engraver and seal-cutter as ~
early as June, 1777; and in 1787 he was the artistic mem-
ber of the firm that established the “Columbian Mag-
azine.” In 1798 Trenchard went to England and re-
mained there.
Dunlap says that Trenchard learned to engrave with
J. Smither, in Philadelphia. He engraved a few por-
traits and a number of views in and about Philadelphia,
but his work was poor. He was also a die-sinker, and
made the dies for the medal of the Agricultural Society
of Philadelphia, 1790.
James Trenchard was possibly a son or nephew of
George Trenchard, of Salem, N. J., who was Attorney-
General of West New Jersey in 1767.
TRIPLER, H. E.
About 1850-—52 this engraver of portraits and his-
torical plates was working for New York publishers. In
connection with John Bannister he engraved for “Sar-
tain’s Magazine,” of Philadelphia.
276
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
TUCKER, WILLIAM E.
Born in Philadelphia in 1801; died there in 1857, says
Mr. Baker. Tucker was a pupil of Francis Kearny, in
Philadelphia, and he also studied in England for a time,
as we find prints signed Engraved in London by W. E.
Tucker. 'Tucker’s name as an engraver appears con-
tinuously in the directories of Philadelphia from 1823
until 1845.
Tucker was an excellent engraver in line and in stip-
ple; but his best signed work is found among his small
Annual plates. Later in life he devoted himself almost
entirely to bank-note engraving.
TULLY, CHRISTOPHER
The “Pennsylvania Magazine’ for 1775 contains a
large copperplate of a machine for spinning wool, which
the text informs us “was drawn and engraved by Chris-
topher Tully, who first made and introduced this ma-
chine into this country.” While nothing more is known
to the compiler of ‘Tully as an engraver, the above plate
_ was evidently made in connection with the work of the
Society for Promoting American Manufacturers, organ-
ized in Philadelphia in 1775. To this society C. 'Tully
and John Hague submitted models of machines for spin-
ning wool and cotton goods; these two machines were
so similar in design that the committee appointed to
examine them finally decided to divide between
these two inventors the prize of £380 offered by the
society. No other engraved work by Tully is known to
the compiler.
| 277
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
TURNER, JAMES
As an engraver James Turner’s name first occurs
in Boston, Mass., signed to a curious view of Boston
which appears in the “American Magazine” for 1744.
In the “Boston Evening Post” of June 24, 1745, he ad-
vertises his varied accomplishments as follows:
“James Turner, Silversmith & Engraver. Near the
Town-House in Cornhill Boston. Engraves all sorts of
Copper Plates for the Rolling Press, all sorts of Stamps
in Brass or Pewter for the common Printing Press,
Coats of Arms, Crests, Cyphers, &c., on Gold, Silver,
Steel, Copper, Brass, or Pewter. He likewise makes
W atch Faces, makes and cuts Seals in Gold, Silver, or
Steel: or makes Steel Faces for Seals, and sets them
handsomely in Gold or Silver. He cuts all sorts of Steel
Stamps, Brass Rolls and Stamps for Sadlers and Book-
binders, and does all sorts of work in Gold and Silver.
All after the best and neatest manner and at the most
Reasonable Rates.”
While in Boston Turner engraved, among other
plates, the three large folding maps used in a “Bill
in the Chancery of New Jersey,” published in New
York in 1747 by James Parker. He also there
engraved a fairly good portrait of the Rev. Isaac
Watts.
About 1758 James Turner appears in Philadelphia as
an engraver and print-dealer on Arch Street; and he was
probably working there before this date, as he was the
engraver of the large map of the “Province of Pennsyl-
vania” published by Nicholas Scull in Philadelphia m
1759. He engraved several book-plates for residents of
278
Me.
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Entered according fo
e act of Congress in the year 1833 by James tHesrmg in the clerks office of the
District Court of the Southern District of N York:
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
Philadelphia; and the Penn coat of arms which appears
in the headline of the “Pennsylvania Gazette” of this
period, and signed by Turner as engraver, is probably
an example of the “stamps in Brass or Pewter for the
common Printing Press’ referred to in his advertisement
above. |
James Turner died in Philadelphia late in the year
1759, as we find in the “Pennsylvania Gazette,” of De-
cember, 17759, a notice of the sale of the household effects
of “James Turner, Engraver, deceased.” Among these
effects were “engraving Tools, a number of Copper-
plates and Pictures.”
TUTHILL, W. H.
In 1825 Tuthill was designing for the early New
York lithographer Imbert; in 1830-81 he was engrav-
ing portraits, landscape and book illustrations for New
York publishers. The engraving firm of Tuthill &
Barnard was working in New York at a later date. A
small but clever etching of “Mr. Robert as Worm-
wood,” published in New York, is signed ““Tuthill fec’t,”
and can be ascribed to this man.
UNDERWOOD, THOMAS
Born about 1795; died at Lafayette, Ind., July 18,
1849, “age 54 years.” Underwood was a good bank-note
‘engraver working in Philadelphia in 1829. He was a
member of the bank-note company of Fairman, Draper,
Underwood & Co., and after 1841, of Underwood, Bald,
Spencer & Hufty.
279
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
VALDENUIT,
Some of the portrait plates issued by St. Memin, pre-
vious to 1797, are signed St. Memin & Valdenuit, No, 12
Far St., N. York. Mr. Baker thinks that Valdenuit
assisted in the engraving; but he may have been merely
associated with St. Memin in the business of publishing
or issuing these plates.
VALENTINE, ELIAS
Valentine was a copperplate printer and engraver liv-
ing in New York in 1810-18, according to the direc- .
tories. As an engraver he seems to have done very little
work. One of his signed plates is really a worked-over
plate engraved by W. S. Leney, and another also seems
to be a doctored plate.
VALLANCE, JOHN
Born in Scotland; died in Philadelphia, June 14,
1823, “in the 58rd year of his age.”’ Vallance apparently
came to Philadelphia about 1791, as his name as an en-
graver appears in that city in 1791-99, and in 1811—23.
It can not be stated where he was in the interval 1800
—10. In 1794, as a member of the firm of Thackara &
Vallance, he was engraving in Philadelphia, and Edwin
ascribes to Vallance the portrait of John Howard signed
by this firm. But the stipple portrait of Hugh Blair,
signed by Vallance alone, is the best example of his work
seen; it is a good engraving. Vallance engraved a large
number of encyclopedia plates and general work of this
description. He was one of the founders of the Associa-
tion of Artists in America, organized in Philadelphia in
280
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
1794; and in 1810 he was treasurer of the Society of
Artists, of the same city. He was for a time a member of
the engraving firm of Tanner, Vallance, Kearny & Co.,
of Philadelphia. Vallance was an excellent script en-
graver, and good early bank-notes bear his name.
VERGER, PETER C.
The only known plate of Verger is “The Triumph of
Liberty,” a folio plate signed Engraved by P. C.
Verger, Nov. 1796. Mr. Baker, in describing this plate,
says that Verger was an engraver in New York, and the
preceptor of Benjamin Tanner. But Tanner was ac-
tually engraving in New York in 1794, two years before
the name of “Peter Verger, engraver on fine stone” ap-
pears in the New York directory for the one year 1796.
The contention of the writer is that Verger was not a
copperplate engraver, and that this plate was engraved
in France for an American market, and was probably
brought over here by Verger and published by him in
New York.
Verger was an “engraver upon fine stone,” an art de-
manding a very different training and entirely different
methods from those required in engraving upon copper.
Then the plate referred to is very well engraved, con-
sumed a long time in its execution, and is evidently the
work of an expert engraver. It is hardly possible that
a seal-engraver should be an equally good copperplate
engraver. Nagler, in his Kunstler-Lexicon, in speaking
of Claude du Verger, a landscape-painter of 1780, refers
to “a younger Verger,” who was an engraver on precious
stones, working in Paris in 1806. May not this “younger
281
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
Verger” be the “Peter Verger, engraver on fine stone, °
who was in New York in 1796 and then disappears from
this country ?
An examination of the composition of the engraving
itself proves that it could not have been designed by an
American, or by one knowing anything about the history
of the Revolution. It was evidently intended to com-
memorate the successful issue of the War for Inde-
pendence, and made for sale in the United States; yet it
contains no mention of Washington, while recording the
names of officers of comparatively little prominence, like
those of Scammel and Barber. On a monument “Sacred
to the memory of the American heroes, fallen in defence
of their Country” are inscribed the names of about a
dozen American soldiers, half of whom died peacefully
in their beds long after the Revolution. And at the foot
of a column, surmounted by a very French representa-
tion of Liberty, is an urn inscribed “J. J. Rousseau,”
who is thus enrolled among American patriots. ‘The
wording of the long explanatory inscription is also
strongly indicative of French origin, without revision by
one familiar with American history.
According to the inscription below, the designer of
this plate is J’n. F’is, Renault. N. York. This is the
same man who painted the equally historically incorrect
representation of “The British Surrendering their arms
to Genl. Washington, 1781.” In this composition the
central position is given to the Duc de Lauzun and to
Lafayette; Cornwallis tenders his sword to Washing-
ton; the American flag bears the eagle of the Cincin-
natus, and the buildings in the background are totally
282 :
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
un-American. This picture was evidently composed in
France, as the “Triumph of Liberty” must have been,
and by the same man. It is possible that Renault was
with the French army at Yorktown, as he uses the name
of Scammel, who was killed at Yorktown, among his
fallen heroes. But if he were there, he paid little atten-
tion to facts in his composition.
It might be interesting to note in this place that the
original painting of the “Surrender of Cornwallis’ by
J. F. Renault, was exhibited by him in this country be-
fore 1824.
VERNON, T.
Born in England; there learned to engrave, and he
did much work for the “London Art Journal’ before he
came to New York, about 1853. Vernon was chiefly
employed here by the bank-note engraving companies,
and he returned to England in 1856—57.
WAGNER, H. S. :
About 1850 H. S. Wagner was engraving portraits
in mezzotint, and also publishing portraits, in Phila- |
delphia. These portraits were largely those of clergy-
men.
WAGNER, WILLIAM
William Wagner was a seal-engraver in York,
Pa., in 1820-35. He made a few crude attempts at
engraving on copper; his plates including a portrait of
Rubens and a view of York Springs. He was treasurer
of the York High School in 1835.
283
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
WAGSTAFF, C. E.
This engraver of portraits in stipple was working in
Boston about 1840-45; he was an associate of Joseph
Andrews for a time.
WALTER, ADAM B.
Born in Philadelphia in 1820; died there Oct. 14,
1875. Walter was a pupil of Thomas B. Welch, and he
was associated with Welch in the engraving business un-
til 1848. He was an excellent engraver of portraits,
chiefly executed in mezzotint.
WARNER, C. J.
The only plate of this man known to the compiler is a
fairly well-executed stipple portrait of Gen. Anthony
Wayne. It was published by C. Smith, New York,
1796; and probably appeared in the “Monthly Military
Repository,” published by Smith in that year.
WARNER, GEORGE D. |
This name is signed to a botanical plate published in
the “New York Magazine” for December, 1791. The
book-plate of George Warner is signed Warner Sculpt,
and is probably the work of this engraver.
WARNER, WILLIAM
Born in Philadelphia about 1813; died there in 1848,
says Mr. Baker. Warner was a portrait-painter and a
self-taught engraver in mezzotint. He made compara-
tively few plates, but the larger of these are admirable
examples of mezzotint work.
284
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
WARNICKE, JOHN G.
Died in Philadelphia Dec. 29, 1818. In 1811-14, and
again in 1818, Warnicke was engraving in Philadelphia.
His one portrait found by the compiler, that of Frank-
lin, is a very good piece of stipple work.
WARR, JOHN
There were two men of this name in Philadelphia, in
1821—45, working as “general engravers.” The older
man was seemingly engraving in 1821-28; and the
younger man, John Warr Jr., was engraving in 1825
—45. Their work consisted chiefly of vignettes, business-
cards, etc., but these are well engraved.
WARR, W. W.
_ This W. W. Warr was a script engraver working in
Philadelphia about 1830. He usually signed plates in
connection with John Warr, as Engraved by J. & W.
W. Warr. |
WARREN, A. COOLIDGE
Born in Boston, Mass., March 25, 1819; died in New
York, Nov. 22, 1904. Mr. Warren was the son of Asa
Warren, a portrait and miniature painter, and was ap-
prenticed in 1833 to Bigelow Bros., jewelers, of Boston.
‘But showing a decided inclination toward engraving, he
was placed, a little later than this, with the Boston en-
graver George G. Smith. At the end of his apprentice-
ship Warren spent another year under the tuition of
Joseph Andrews, and became a reputable line-en-
graver of vignettes and book illustrations. For a num-
285
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
ber of years he was in the employ of the New England
Bank Note Co. and the Boston publishers Ticknor &
Fields. But as the result of too much night work he was
compelled to, abandon engraving for about five years.
In this interval he drew upon wood for other engravers.
In 1863 Mr. Warren removed to New York and en-
graved for the Continental Bank Note Co. and for book
publishers. In June, 1899, he entirely lost the sight of
one eye, and was compelled to permanently abandon his
profession. He occupied his later years in painting.
WATTS, J. W.
About 1850 Watts was a line-engraver of landscape
in Boston; he later etched some very good portraits.
WELCH, THOMAS B.
Born in Charleston, S. C., in 1814; died in Paris, Nov.
5, 1874. According to Mr. Baker, Welch was a pupil
of James B. Longacre in Philadelphia; and apparently
soon after his release from his apprenticeship he formed
a business connection with A. B. Walter. Over his own
name he produced some good portraits in stipple, and
some large ones in mezzotint. For the Annuals he en-
graved some admirable pure line plates.
About 1861 Welch abandoned engraving and went
abroad to study art, and he remained in Paris for a num-
ber of years. As showing his earlier tastes in this -direc-
tion, the Philadelphia directories of 1841-45 give his
occupation as “portrait-painter.” |
286
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BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
WELLMOREH, E.
This capital engraver in stipple and in line was a
pupil of James B. Longacre in Philadelphia, and over
his own name he engraved some of the portraits in the
“National Portrait Gallery,” of 1884-85. At a much
later period he was engraving book illustrations in New
York. He is said to have finally become a clergyman.
Wellmore was also a miniature painter, as we find en-
gravings and lithographs done after porn painted
by E. Wellmore.
WELLS, J.
The only information obtainable is that J. Wells was
a map engraver working in New York in 1836.
WELLSTOOD, JAMES
Born in Jersey City, N. J., Nov. 20, 1855; died there
March 14, 1880. James Wellstood was the son of Wil-
liam Wellstood and was the pupil of his father. He be-
came a successful and promising engraver, and at the
time of his death he was a member of the engraving firm
of William Wellstood & Co. His principal plates were
“The Pointer” and “Safe in Port,” the latter after a
painting by Thomas Moran.
WELLSTOOD, JOHN GEIKIE
Born in Edinburgh, Scotland, Jan. 18, 1818; living in
1889. Wellstood came to New York in 1830, and was
employed by Rawdon, Wright & Co., and he remained
with that engraving firm until 1847, when he began busi-
ness for himself. In 1858 his firm was merged into what
is now the American Bank Note Company, and he was
287
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
connected with this company until 1871. In the latter
year he founded the Columbian Bank Note Company in
Washington, D. C.; and while president of that com-
pany he designed and partially engraved the backs of all
the U. S. Treasury notes issued at that time. When the
printing of United States notes. passed into the hands of
the Treasury Department, Wellstood returned to New
York, and was still employed in 1889 as a script en-
graver by the American Bank Note Company. Well-
stood made many improvements in the manufacture of
bank-notes. oe
WELLSTOOD, WILLIAM
Born in Edinburgh, Scotland, Dec. 19, 1819; died
Sept. 19, 1900. William was a brother of John G. Well-
stood and came to New York with his parents in 1830.
He began work there as a letter engraver, but he later
devoted himself to landscape and pictorial work. From
1846 to 1871 he was employed by the Western Methodist
Book Concern, in Cincinnati, O., and by various New
York firms. He was a good line-engraver and produced
a large amount of work.
WESTON, HENRY W.
Weston was engraving—in a feeble manner—maps,
Bible illustrations, etc., in Philadelphia, in 1803-06, for
Mathew Carey, the book publisher of that city.
WESTWOOD, CHARLES
Born in Birmingham, England, and came to the
United States in 1851 with John Rogers, the engraver,
288
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
says Mr. Hollyer. Westwood was a clever general en-
graver; but he was dissipated, and committed suicide
about 1855.
WHELPLEY, P. M.
About 1845 this capital engraver was located in New
York. He engraved portraits in mezzotint.
WHITE, GEORGE H.
Some fairly good portraits, engraved in a mixed man-
ner, about 1870, are thus signed.
WHITE, G. I.
This good line-engraver of portraits was working
about 1825-30 in this country; but none of the prints
seen give any indication of locality.
WHITE, THOMAS STURT
The “New England Weekly Journal,” for July 8,
1784, contains the following notice of a possible early
engraver and printer of copperplates; though no signed
work is known to the writer:
“THOMAS STURT WHITE. Engraver from
London. Not having met with such success as he ex-
pected since he came to Boston; hereby gives Notice that
he intends for London in the Fall, unless he meets with
sufficient encouragement to oblige him to stay. This
therefore is to inform all Gentlemen, Goldsmiths, and
others, that they may have all manner of Engraving
either on Gold, Silver, Copper, or Pewter; likewise Roll-
289
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
ing Press Printing, as well and cheap as is performed in
London.
“N. B. The said White lives at the Second Door on
the Right Hand in Williams Court, in Cornhill.”
WHITECHURCH, ROBERT
Born in London in 1814; was living in 1883. Mr.
Baker says that Whitechurch did not commence to en-
grave until he was thirty years of age. He came to the
United States about 1848 and lived for some years in
Philadelphia. In his later professional life he worked
for the Treasury Department at Washington. He was
an excellent engraver of portraits in line, stipple, and
mezzotint.
WIGGIN, J.
This is a fraudulent signature. A portrait of Ben-
jamin Rush—in line—was E'ngraved by J. Akin and
published by him in Philadelphia, March 20, 1800. A —
later impression of this plate is found with the engraver
and a long dedicatory address erased; it is relettered
Engraved by J. Wiggin.
WIGHTMAN, THOMAS
“The Croaker,” a writer in the “Boston Courier,”
Sept. 22, 1849, refers to Thomas Wightman as “a young
artist” who came to Boston from England about 1806.
But Wightman was in New England prior to 1806, as
“Dean’s Analytical Guide to Penmanship” was pub-
lished in Salem in 1802, illustrated by twenty-five cop-
perplates. We are told that these plates were “Collected
290
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
by Henry Dean and correctly engraved by Thomas
Wightman.” Wightman also engraved some of the
plates for a mathematical text-book published in 1806 by
Prof. Webber, of Harvard College. In 1814 he was in
the employ of the Boston engraver Abel Bowen, and en-
graved for “The Naval Monument,” published by
Bowen in that year. The portraits executed by Wight-
man are fairly well done in stipple; and the publication
dates of his prints would indicate that he was working
— until 1820. A few book-plates bear his name as engraver.
WILCOX, J. A. J.
Wilcox engraved a few admirable portraits in line in
- Boston, about 1875.
WILLARD, ASAPH
As early as 1816 this engraver was in business in
Albany, N. Y., as a member of the firm of Willard &
Rawdon, bank-note and general engravers. In 1819-28
he was a member of the Graphic Co., of Hartford, Conn.
He was an engraver of maps, portraits, subject plates,
etc., and his plates have little merit. Willard is men-
tioned as having been the first preceptor of John Cheney.
WILLIAMS, E. G. & BRO.
This engraving firm was producing portraits in New
York in 1880. '
WILLIAMS, H.
The few weak stipple portraits thus signed are all
both painted and engraved by H. Williams. John
291
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
Rubens Smith engraved several portraits after paintings
by Henry Williams, who is referred to by Dunlap as a
portrait-painter working in 1812-16. ‘This man was
probably the engraver. The only indication of locality
and date is found on‘his engraved portrait of Elias
Smith, which was published at Portsmouth, N. H., in
1816. In 1814 Williams published in Boston “The Ele-
ments of Drawing,” illustrated by twenty-six copper-
plate engravings. As this book has not been seen by the
writer, he can not say whether these plates were en-
graved by Williams or not.
As late as 1824 H. Williams advertises as a portrait
and miniature painter in the “New England Pal-
ladium,”’ with a studio at No. 6 School Street, Boston.
This notice says that “He also continues to paint from
the dead in his peculiar manner by Masks, etc.”
WILLSON, J.
Crudely engraved music and the accompanying words
is signed by this engraver. ‘There is no indication of
place or date; but it is bound up with other music pub-
lished by J. & M. Paff, Nos. 2 and 3 City Hotel, Broad-
way, New York. The work was probably done about
1800-10.
WILMER, WILLIAM A.
Died about 1855, says Mr. Baker. Wilmer was a
pupil of James B. Longacre in Philadelphia, and en-
graved some excellent portrait plates in stipple for the
“National Portrait Gallery.”
292
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
WILSON, ALEXANDER
Born in Paisley, Scotland, July 6, 1766; died in
Philadelphia, Pa., Aug. 23, 1818. In the life of this
eminent ornithologist we are told that Wilson was
taught to draw, color, and etch by his friend Alexander
Lawson, the engraver, and he rapidly attained a marked
degree of proficiency in delineating birds. For his own
great work on “American Ornithology” he later etched
two plates from his own drawings.
WILSON, D. W.
This name, as D. W. Wilson Sc. Alb’y, is appended
to a ticket issued by the “Managers of the County Pas-
toral Ball.” There is no indication of place, other than
Albany; but the plate is headed by a well-engraved
vignette showing Agriculture and Manufacture on each
side of a bee-hive surmounting an oval containing a
sheep. In a circle over the vignette are the words
“Farmers Holyday.” The date of the work is about
1825-30. D. W. Wilson engraved a book-plate for
Samuel Pruyn, of Albany.
WILSON, JAMES
This name, in conjunction with that of Isaac Eddy, is
appended to a large copperplate “Published by Isaac
Eddy, Weathersfield, Vermont, 1813.” The plate rep-
resents, in the form of a tree, the growth of the nations
of the world from the time of Adam. The inscription on
the plate reads Engraved by James Wilson, Bradford,
and by Isaac Eddy, W eathersfield, V ermont.
298
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
As this plate is largely script, James Wilson may
have confined his work to the script; the representation
of Adam naming the beasts closely resembles other work
of Eddy.
WILSON, W. W.
About 1850 some well-engraved portraits were issued
in Boston, signed W. W. Wilson Eng’r & Print’r 35
Wash’n St. :
An etched portrait of Washington is signed Wm.
Wilson N. Y. 1849. This may be the same man as above.
WISH, C.
Born in England; died about 1889, says Mr. Hollyer.
Wise came to the United States in 1850, and he en-
graved for New York publishers and for J. M. Butler, |
of Philadelphia. Wise was a good engraver of portraits
in stipple.
WISSLER, JACQUES
Born in Strasburg, Germany, in 1808; died in Cam-
den, N. J., Nov. 25, 1887. Wissler was trained to en-
grave and to lithograph in Paris, and he came to the
United States in 1849. He was in Richmond, Va., at the
outbreak of the Civil War, and he was employed by the
Confederate government to engrave the plates for its
paper currency and bonds. At the close of the war he
removed to Macon, Miss.; but finally settled in Camden,
N. J., where he continued to engrave, and to produce
portraits in crayons and in oil. None of his signed work
is known to the compiler.
294
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WOOD, J. |
A. well-executed stipple plate, representing “The
Medical College of South Carolina,” forms the frontis-
piece to a medical address delivered by Stephen Elliot,
LL.D., published in Charleston, S. C., in 1826. It is
signed by J. Wood as engraver.
WOODCOCK, T. S.
Born in Manchester, England; came to New York
about 1830; and in 1836 he was working in Philadelphia.
A portrait of Andrew Jackson, published in New York
in 1884, is engraved with a ruling-machine and is signed
by Woodcock. About 1840 Woodcock was located in
Brooklyn as an engraver and print-publisher; and about
this time we find some beautiful plates of butterflies
Engraved by Woodcock & Harvey, Brooklyn. Wood-
cock finally inherited some money and returned to
England.
WOODRUFF, WILLIAM
This engraver of portraits and landscape was in busi-
ness in Philadelphia in 1817-24. He worked quite well
in both line and stipple. After 1824 he apparently re-
moved to Cincinnati, as we find prints engraved by him
in that city.
WOODWARD, E. F.
The maps and small vignettes of events in Ameri-
ean history, in a school atlas published in Hartford,
Conn., in 1839, are signed as Engraved by E. F'. Wood-
ward.
295
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
— WOOLLEY, WILLIAM
This clever engraver in mezzotint produced two por-
traits of George Washington and a companion plate of
Mrs. Washington. These plates were published by
David Longworth, at the Shakespeare Gallery, No. 11
Park, New York, probably about 1800.
Our interest in this engraver lies in the fact that the
larger memorial plate bears the inscription David Long-
worth Direwit. | Woolley—Pinait et Sculpsit. | While
this inscription might suggest an American origin, it
is more reasonable to assume that David Longworth
simply suggested the design; ordered a painting and
engraving made in London, and then imported both and
published the print as above stated in New York. This
contention is borne out by the fact that no other plates by
Woolley are known to the writer; and the majority of
the Washington portraits by Woolley now in the hands
of American collectors were purchased in London. ‘They
apparently had a very limited sale in this country. In an
altered and reduced state the plate has been printed from
in recent years.
WORSHIP, |
This name is signed to some rather poor line-engravy-
ings of plans, machinery, etc., published in Philadelphia
in 1815-20.
WRIGHT, CHARLES CUSHING
Born in Damascota, Me.; died in New York, June 11,
1854. Wright was left an orphan at an early age and
was adopted by a Charles Cushing, whose name he later
296
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
- assumed. After some service as a soldier in the War of
1812, he settled in Utica, N. Y., and engaged in business
as a watchmaker. In 1824 he was associated with A. B.
Durand, in New York, in etching, engraving, and mak-
ing dies for embossed work. Later he became an ad-
mirable die-sinker, making the dies for a number of
medals awarded by the National and by State govern-
ments. He was one of the founders of the National
Academy of Design in New York in 1826. He was liv-
ing in Savannah in 1820, and was engraving in Charles-
ton, S. C., in 1824.
Wright attempted line-engraving without much suc-
cess; his best work is found among his etched portraits.
WRIGHT, G.
This very good engraver of vignettes, buildings, etc.,
was working in Philadelphia in 1837. About this date
the engraving firm of Wright & Balch was producing
line portraits in New York. The Wright of this firm
was probably the above.
WRIGHT, JOSEPH
Born in Bordentown, N. J., July 16, 1756; died of the
yellow fever in Philadelphia in 1793. He was the son of
Joseph and Patience Lovell Wright. About 1772, and
after the death of the father, the mother took the children
to London, where Patience Wright became somewhat
famous as a modeler of heads in wax. She earned suffi-
cient money to give Joseph a good education, and
Dunlap says that he studied art under the patronage
of Benjamin West and the tuition of John Hopp-
297
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
ner, the English portrait-painter who married a sister
of Joseph Wright. Before he left England, Wright
had gained sufficient fame as a portrait-painter to
have secured as a sitter the Prince of Wales, afterward
George IV.
In 1782 Wright was in Paris painting portraits under
the patronage of Benjamin Franklin. In October, 1782,
he set sail from Nantes for the United States; but he
was shipwrecked, and finally reached Boston after a
long voyage. Dunlap, who knew Wright personally,
says that in October, 1783, he met Wright at Rocky |
Hill, near Princeton, bringing a letter from Franklin to
Washington. At this place Wright is said to have
painted his first portrait of General Washington and
one of Mrs. Washington. He afterward drew a profile —
portrait of Washington and etched it. In 1784 he
painted another portrait of Washington for the Comte
de Solurs.
In 1787 Wright had a studio in Pearl Street, New
York, and in that city he married a Miss Vandervoort.
He later removed to Philadelphia; he there painted por-
traits, modeled in clay, and practised die-sinking. This
latter accomplishment gained for him, shortly before
his death, the appointment of die-sinker to the U. S.
Mint. He made a design for a cent of 1792, though it
is not known that this design was ever executed; but
he made the dies for a Washington medal, after the
Houdon bust, and for a medal voted by Congress to
Maj jor Lee.
His etching of Washington, shiouubti quite well ex-
ecuted, is the only plate by Joseph Wright on record.
298
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
WRIGHTSON, J.
Born in England; came to the United States about
1854. Wrightson was a reputable line-engraver of land-
scape and book illustrations. He worked in Boston and
in New York; but soon after 1860 he returned to Eng-
land and died there in 1865.
YEAGER, JOSEPH
This general engraver in line and etcher of portraits
was working in Philadelphia from 1816 until 1845. He
closely copied Cruikshank’s etchings for American edi-
tions of “Harry Lorrequer” and other English works.
YOUNG, JAMES H.
Young was in business as a “general engraver” in
Philadelphia in 1817—29, 1883-36, and 1839-45. At
times he was a member of the firms of Kneass & Young,
and Young & Delleker, both in business in Philadelphia.
The only plates found signed by Young alone are early
encyclopedia plates in line.
299
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NOTES AND QUERIES_
In searching early American newspapers for data used
in this work, the writer has found a number of advertise-
ments relating to well-known prints, or to prints not
known by existing impressions. As these notes are
curious and interesting to the collector, some of them
are here republished.
Arms of the Philadelphia Engravers
In the account of the Grand Federal Procession held in Phila-
delphia, July 4, 1'788, to celebrate the Declaration of Inde-
pendence and the establishment of the Constitution, we find the
following somewhat mixed heraldry :
“LXXITI. Engravers. Their armorial ensigns, occasionally
devised were—Orr on a chevron, engrailed gules, between a paral-
lel ruler sable, barred and studded of the first, and two gravers,
salter-ways azure, handled of the third; three plates: the crest,
a copperplate on a sand-bag proper; inscribed underneath in
large capitals— ENGRAVERS.”
PENNSYLVANIA GAZETTE, July 9, 1788.
Arnold’s Treason
“Just published and to be Sold by Francis Bailey. The Con-
tinental Almanac: Containing, besides everything necessary in
an Almanac, a description of the Figures (the Devil and Gen-
301
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
eral Arnold, &c.) exhibited and paraded through the streets of
Philadelphia, on Saturday, the 30% of September, 1'780, illus-
trated with a Plate neatly engraved.”
PENNSYLVANIA GazeTTE, Nov. 1, 1780.
Attack on Fort Sullivan
“Just printed and published for the subscribers, by Daniel
Humphreys. A Plan of the Attack of Fort Sullivan, the Key of
Charleston, in South Carolina, on the 28th. day of June, 1776,
by his Majesty’s squadron, commanded by Sir Peter Parker. By
an Officer on the spot. Engraved from the original printed in
London. Price One Dollar.”
PENNSYLVANIA GAZETTE, June 11, 1777.
Aitken’s View of the Batile of Charlestown
“To the Public. Now engraving for the Pennsylvania Magazine
or American Monthly Museum, a neat and correct View of the
late Battle at Charlestown, not inferior to any hitherto pro-
posed, and shall be printed in a size proper for the Magazine or
a Family piece. Non subscribers are to pay for this Number of
the Magazine One Shilling and Sixpence, on account of the great
expense of the engraving; those Gentlemen who incline to pur-
chase this View of the Battle may be furnished with it at the
moderate price of Sixpence.”
PENNSYLVANIA GAZETTE, Sept. 20, 1775.
Romans’ View of the Battle of Charlestown
“Ir is proposed to Print. An exact View of the late Battle of
Charlestown, June 17, 1775. It shall be printed on a good
crown imperial paper, and to be delivered to the subscribers in
302
ae
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TIHOMAS GAMIBILIE IESQ@*
late of the U.S.Navy
| Engraved by J. B.Longacre trom a Painting by Waldo.
; fir the Analeche Magarnine-
ye
Je"
Sec) 3a eee eee
NOTES AND QUERIES
about ten days. The price to subscribers is 5s. plain, and if
coloured, 7s. 6d.”
PENNSYLVANIA GAZETTE, Sept. 20, 1775.
Dawkins View of the Pennsylvania Hospital
“A Prospective View of the Pennsylvania Hospital, taken by
Messieurs Winters and Montgomery, for the Subscriber (with
the Approbation of the Managers of the said Hospital) which is
now engraving and may be expected in two Weeks.
“The Public may be assured that it will be finished in the neat-
est Manner. The Subscriber presumes that this Undertaking
will be highly favoured by all Lovers of the Institution. Those
Gentlemen that would chuse to have them coloured, framed and
glaized, are requested to send their Commands to the Subscriber,
in Third-street, between Market and Arch Streets, and opposite
Mr. J Bede Fox’s.
“Robert Kennedy.
“N. B. Poe Plate Printing performed in the neatest man-
ner, and at the most reasonable Rates.”
PENNSYLVANIA GAZETTE, Oct. 29, 1761.
Tuts quarto plate was engraved by Henry Dawkins and John
Steeper, and is described under Dawkins.
Portraits of John Dickinson and John Wilkes
‘“Latrety Published and Sold by Robert Bell. At James Emer-
son’s, in Market street, near the river, and at John Hart’s New
Vendue Store, in Southwark. Price one shilling. An elegant en-
graved copper plate print of the Patriotic AMERICAN FARMER.
The same framed and glaized. Price five shillings. Also lately
published, price one shilling, a very fine engraved copper plate
303
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
print of Jonn Wiuxes, Esquire, the Champion of Liberty. The
same framed and glaized price Five Shillings.”
SUPPLEMENT TO PENNSYLVANIA JouRNAL, Nov. 3, 1768.
Tue portrait of John Dickinson, the “Patriotic American
Farmer,” is ascribed to James Smither as engraver, and 1s de-
scribed under that head. The portrait of Wilkes here referred to
is unknown to the compiler; it may have been engraved also by
Smither ; or it may be an imported print. :
Proposals - Engrave—Battles of Hutaw S prings and
The Cowpens
“THE Fine Arts. ‘To the Citizens of the United States. Having
employed a considerable part of my life in acquiring a knowl-
edge of the fine arts, from the most celebrated and esteemed mas-
ters in Europe, and being highly ambitious in transmitting to
posterity, portraits of some of those illustrious characters, whose
heroism contributed greatly to the establishment of the liberties
of America; and also of some of those brilliant battles, which
will forever be regarded as master pieces in the military art,
. . . I propose engraving representations of the two very im-
portant battles fought at—The Eutaw Springs & The Cow-
pens. In the State of South Carolina. I have this day opened
a subscription for publishing the above pieces, and if my under-
taking shall recieve the patronage and support, which I flatter
myself one so interesting to my countrymen may expect, I will
be enabled to continue my plan of publishing other important
scenes from our revolutionary war. That of the Eutaw Springs
was painted by the much celebrated Stothard. The prints will
be engraved in the line manner from two original pictures, and
their size will be two feet one inch, by one foot six inches. The
price for each print will be 15 dollars. In addition to the above
prints, I propose engraving, as a centre piece—The Capture of
304
NOTES AND QUERIES
Major Andre.—From Stothard. The price will be 8 dollars. The
size will be 1 foot 2 inches, by 1 foot.
‘James Aiken, of Charleston.
**South Carolina. Powell street, 4 doors from perth Street, be-
tween Spruce and Pine Streets.
“Subscriptions for the above prints, or either of them, will be
recieved by C. W. Peale, at his museum, and by C. Tiebout, en-
graver, No. 29 Golden Hill street, New York, etc.”
CLAYPOOLE’s ADVERTISER, Phila., June 17, 1797.
Portrait of John Hancock
“"T'H1s Day is Published and to be Sold by Nicholas Brooks. A
Neat Mezzotinto Print of the Hon. John Hancock, Esq., Presi-
dent of the Continental Congress. Price plain 3.9, or 5.9, ele-
gantly coloured.
“Likewise may be had at the above Place, a large exact View
of the late Battle at Charlestown, elegantly coloured, at 7s. 6:
or put in a double carved and gilt Frame, 20 by 16 inches, with
Crown Glass at 8s. 6.” |
PENNSYLVANIA GazETTE, Nov. 1, 1775.
Tue John Hancock print is not recognized by the writer; but
the last mentioned is evidently Romans’ “View of the Battle of
Charlestown.”
City and Fortress of Louisbourg
“A Puan of the City and Fortress of Louisbourg; with a small
plan of the Harbor: Done in Mezzotinto—from the Original
Drawing of Richard Gridley, Esq. Commander of the Train of
Artillery at the Siege of Louisbourg. Sold by J. Smibert, in
Queen Street, Boston.”
New Yorx WEEkty Post Boy, Oct. 6, 1746.
305
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
THovex not seen by the writer, this plate was probably en-
graved by Peter Pelham. .
H. Gaine’s Plan of New York
THE New York Mercury, Feb. 12, 1770, advertises as follows:
“Just published and Sold by H. Gaine A Plan of the City of
New York, Dedicated to Sir Henry Moore, Bart. Price 16s col-
oured, 8s. plain.” This plan is printed on imperial paper and
“the streets are laid down very exact. The whole carried con-
siderably further than Corlear’s Hook.”
The “Mercury” for Oct. 15, 1770, advertises either this
or another plan as follows: “Sold by H. Gaine, A Plan of the
City of New York and its Invirons. Surveyed and laid down in
the years 1166-67, With a South Prospect of the same taken
from the Governor’s Island. In this plan is taken in. Pawle’s
Hook, Red Hook, the Long Island Shore and the Islands in our
Bay.”
Plan of New York of 1756
“To be sold by G. Duyckinck, The Plan of the City of New
York, showing the several Wards, Streets, Lanes and Allies;
Churches, Meeting Houses, Markets, etc., in the present year.
Done from an actual Survey.”
New Yorx Gazerre, March 3, 1'755.
De Bruls’ Views of New York
“Philadelphia, October 28, 1762.
“Proposats. For publishing by Susscriprion. Two different
Water Views, and two different Land Views, of the flourishing
306
JOHN B. NEAG
ae
1796-1866
4
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Pamted by W Mulready RA Engraved by J.B Neagle.
TRIE WOLF & TIES ILADIB.
Published by T T. Ash Philad*
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‘
NOTES AND QUERIES
City of New York. The Editor and Engraver has taken great
Pains, and been very exact in laying down these Four beautiful
Prospects, with which the City presents itself to the Eye of
every judicious Beholder. He hopes to meet with Encouragement
from all Gentlemen and Ladies, &c. especially, as nothing of this
kind ever has been undertaken before by any Body in this Part
of the World.
“CONDITIONS OF SUBSCRIPTION
“1. These above-mentioned Four different Views, with the re-
spective References in English, High Dutch and Low Dutch,
will be curiously engraved on a Copper Plate 21 by 12 Inches
each, and printed on best large Paper.
“2. A Plan of the Streets of this City, with their respective
Names, will also be neatly engraved on another Copper Plate,
and printed on best large Paper.
“Subscriptions are taken in by Mr. Matthew Clarkson, Mr.
William Dunlap, Mr. William Bradford, and David Hall, in
Philadelphia, and by Michael De Bruls., Publisher and Engraver
of the above Plates, at the lower End of New Street, next door
to Col. Thodey’s, in New York.
‘“Michael De Bruls.”
PENNSYLVANIA GAzETTE, Nov. 11, 1762.
James Turner's Map of Nova Scotia, etc.
“Philadelphia, October 10, 1759.
“To-morrow will be published by JAMES TURNER, En-
graver. Two doors above the Sign of Admiral Boscawen, in
Arch-Street. Handsomely embellished, and printed on the best
Paper. The second Edition (with very large Additions, Cor-
rections and Improvements) of A Map of Nova-Scotia and Parts
adjacent ; wherein is (now) accurately described, Part of New-
England (from Boston Northeastward) Nova-Scotia, its true
307
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
Extent, Boundaries, and Fishing Banks; the Islands of Cape
Breton, St. Johns, Antiosti, and New Foundland; the great
River of Canada, or St. Lawrence, with Orleans, Crudre, and the
other Islands that lie in it. Showing also, all the various Com-
munications, by Means of the River Ristigochi, St. John’s,
Penobscot, Kenebeck, Chaudiere etc. between Quebec, and other
Places situate on St. Lawrence River, on the North across the
lands, with the Gulf of St. Lawrence on the East, the Bay of
Fundy and Atlantic Ocean on the South, The English Forts and
Settlements, and the Seats of the (pretended Neutral) French
Inhabitants in Nova Scotia; with every thing else worthy of
Notice, or that may serve to give a true Idea of the Situation,
and connection of the several parts of that Country, and of the
Advances and Operations, of his Majesty’s Troops that have
been, or now are imployed in those Parts.
“Also in a vacant Part of the Plate are inserted the followmg
(more particular) Draughts of the principal Places, that are
situate within the Bounds of this Map, viz. Ist. The Situation of
Halifax. Draught of Chebucto Harbour, &c. 2d. A Plan of the
Town of Halifax. 3d. A Plan of Quebec. 4th. A Plan of the
Post and Fortress of Louisbourg, with the English Work raised
against itin 1745. 5th. a neat View of the Town of Boston.
“pRICE HALF A DOLLAR.
“Notre. The Western Part of this Map contains the same
Places that are contained in the Eastern part of A general Map
of the Middle British Colonies, published by the late ingenious
and accurate Mr. Lewis Evans, and as this Map begins with the
Eastern Limits of that, and proceeds Eastward from it, as far
as to include the Streights of Bell Isle, it may serve as a supple-
ment thereto; and those two Maps together afford an entire
View of all the Places on this Continent, that have been, or now
are the Objects, or Scenes of any military Operations. Mr.
Evans Map may be had at the same Place.
“Said Turner continues the Engraving Business, in all its
308
NOTES AND QUERIES
Branches, on Metals, where Gentlemen may be served with
Work, according to their different Fancies or Occasions, either
in the neatest or cheapest Manner.”
THE PENNSYLVANIA JOURNAL, Oct. 11, 1759.
Heap’s Prospect of Philadelphia
“Just published and to be sold by Garret Noel, Bookseller in
Dock Street, A large and curious Plan of the City of Philadel-
phia, taken by George Heap from the Jersey Shore, under the
Direction of Nicholas Skull, Surveyor General of the Province of
Pennsylvania. This fine Perspective contains Four Sheets on
Imperial Paper. Price Three Dollars in Sheets.”
New York Gazette, March 17, 1755.
St. Memin Portraits
“PHysioGNoTRACE. Likenesses Engraved. 'The subscriber begs
leave to inform the public that he takes and engraves portraits
on an improved plan of the celebrated Physiognotrace of Paris
and in a style never introduced before in this country. A great
number of portraits of destinguished persons who honoured the
artist with their patronage in New York, may be seen at 5.
Chaudron’s . . . or at the subscriber No. 32, south Third street.
He delivers with the original portrait the plate engraved and
twelve copies of the same. “St. Memin.
“Philadelphia, January 8.”
Cuaypoote’s ADVERTISER, Phila., Jan. 8, 1799.
Savage’s David Rittenhouse
“Ay No. 41 Chestnut St. J. Ormerd, may be had, just pub-
lished, a striking likeness of Dr. Rittenhouse, in mezzotinto,
309
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
painted by Mr. Peale, and engraved by Mr. Savage. Price 31%
dollars.”?
CLAYPooLe’s AMERICAN Datry ADVERTISER,
Phila., Jan. 4, 1797.
Eckstein’s Monument to General Washington
“Proposats. For Publishing by Subscription An Engraving
Representing a Monument of General Washington. By John
Kckstem. Formerly historical paiter and Statuary to the
King of Prussia.
“DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATE:
“GENERAL WASHINGTON is represented in a statue, intended to
imitate white statue marble, standing upon a granite pedestal,
in a commanding attitude, with a truncheon in his right hand.
At his feet are the fasces, entwined with the olive branch, em-
blematical of the power of union, through which peace was
achieved after the surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown, the oc-
currences of which are seen in the background. The port block-
aded by the French fleet, the redoubt charged, and the British
army surrendering. Upon the tables are inscribed the words—
‘first in war, first in peace, and first in the hearts of his country-
men.’
“Size of the plate 19 inches by 26 inches. The subscription
for the engraving in the sheet is six dollars, payable upon de-
livery.”
Pouuson’s ADVERTISER, Phila., Feb. 19, 1806.
Tuts print was actually published March 8, 1806.
G. Washington—by C. W. Peale
“A Mezzorinro Print of His Excellency General Washington,
done by Charles Wilson Peale, of Philadelphia, from a portrait
310
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NOTES AND QUERIES
which he has painted since the sitting of the Convention, is now
completed: the likeness is esteemed the best that has been ex-
ecuted in a print: This is one of an intended series of. prints, to
be taken from Mr. Peale’s collection of illustrious persons, destin-
guished in the late revolution. Those of His Excellency Doctor
Franklin and the Honorable the Marquis de la Fayette, have
been already published. The price of these prints, in a neat oval
frame (the inner frame gilt) is two dollars each; or one dollar
for the print only; and a large allowance will be made to those
who purchase to sell again. Apply to Charles W. Peale, at the
corner of Third and Lombard-streets, Philadelphia.”
PENNSYLVANIA GAZETTE, Sept. 26, 1787.
“Or His Excellency George Washington, Esq: A new Impres-
sion in Metzotinto; From the original Picture belonging to the
State of Pennsylvania: Poster size, i.e. 14 Inches by 10 Inches,
exclusive of the Margin; Price Two Dollars, or the Value thereof
in current Money; or Six Pounds per Dozen to Shop-Keepers,
or Persons going abroad. . Any Persons wanting the said Prints
will apply to Charles W. Peale, At the Corner of Third ard
Lombard-streets.”’
PENNSYLVANIA GaAzETTE, Jan. 3, 1781.
Washington Family—Savage
“Pyrtapetputa, March 19. An elegant Engraving, 20 by 26
inches, executed by Savage from an original picture, painted by
himself, is just published. The Print represents General Wash-
ington and his Lady (two capital likenesses), sitting at a table
on which lies a plan of the Federal City. A perspective view of
the river Potomac and of Mount Vernon, forms an agreeable and
appropriate embellishment in the picture. The whole is executed
311
AMERICAN ENGRAVERS
in a style evincive of the rapid progress of an elegant art, which
has hitherto been in a very crude state in this country.”
PENNSYLVANIA GaAzETTE, Phila., March 21, 1798.
George and Mrs. Washington
““New American Publications may be had at Robert Bell’s Book
Store, Third-street; at Joseph Cruikshank’s, Francis Bailey’s,
Printers, and at William Prichard’s Book-store, etc.
“Beautiful Engravings of that most illustrious General and
Patriot, his Excellency George Washington, Esq. and Com-
mander in Chief of the Armies of the United States of America,
and his Lady ; may be had at the above Places.”
PENNSYLVANIA GAzeTTE, May 14, 1783.
Sia Representations of Warriors
“Tis day are published Proposals for printing by Subscription
—The Gentlemen and Ladies Military Closet Furniture, con-
sisting of six Representations of Warriors, who are in the Ser-
vice of their Majesties the King of Great Britain and the King
of Prussia, Designed after the Life with a Description as ex-
pressed in the Proposals, which may be had gratis at the follow-
ing places; where subscriptions are taken by Alexander Colden,
Esq., at the Post Office; Mr. Samuel Parker, in Beaver St.; Mr.
Joseph Woodruff,-Limner in Dock St.; Mr. Michel de Bruls,
Engraver, at Mr. Furer, Silver Smith in French Church Street ;
Mr. Elisha Galludet (sic) Engraver in South St.; Hugh Gaine,
Printer, etc., . . . and at Mr. Winter in Broad Street where
the Prints may be seen.”
New Yorx Mercury, March 5, 1759.
Wuo were these “Warriors” and were they engraved by de
Bruls or Gallaudet? The “Mercury” of July 30, 1'759, says
312
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1808-1897
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Funied by T Suc'y
NOTES AND QUERIES
that ‘‘five of the above plates are finished and the sixth is ac-
tually engraving.” The publisher was apparently an army of-
ficer; the last notice is dated at Fort Stanwix; and ithe notice
states that “Urgency of the Service requires the Editor of the |
above Prints to be at his Station.”
313
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INDEX
TO
ENGRAVINGS DESCRIBED
WITH CHECK-LIST NUMBERS AND
NAMES OF ENGRAVERS
AND ARTISTS
ITEM
Abba Thulle .
Abbotsford .
Abel, Death of
Abelard and Heloise—Tomb .
Abercrombie, James .
Abercrombie, Ralph .
Abercrombie Monument
Abington, Mrs. .
Able Doctor, The .
Adam and Eve .
Adam Giving Names .
Adams, Abigail
Adams, John
Adams, John Quincy .
INDEX
ARTIST
(Title-page) .
Fellowes
Trott
Westmacott
Ramberg .
Hamilton .
Blythe .
Stuart .
Williams
Houston
Stuart .
Gimbrede .
King
317
ENGRAVER
Wightman
Chapin
Edwin
Hill
Edwin
Edwin
Tanner
Leney
Revere
Newcomb
Godwin .
Pelton
Bower
Dearborn
Doolittle
Edwin
Gimbrede
Graham .
Houston .
Houston .
Leney
Longacre
Norman .
Pelton
Rawdon
Savage
Scoles
Smither .
Tanner
Tiebout
Willard .
Woodruff
Dearborn
Edwin (?) .
Gimbrede
Harrison
Kearny
CHECK LIST
NUMBERS
. 3353
310
922
. 1353
691
. 692
. 3116
. 1705
. 2673
. 2326
«ARID
» Q4TT
235
ATI
508-9
. 695, 855
. 1031
- 1160
. 1453
1454-55
- 1706
1916-19
. 2327
. 2530
. 2637
~ 2744
. 2768, 2813
« O71
. 3080
. 3161
. 3366
. 3401, 3406
472
. 855
. 1032
- 1285
. 1565
INDEX
ITEM ARTIST
Adams, John Quincy .. . Stuart .
King
Durand
Sully
Adams,Samuel ... . . Copley .
Johnston
Copley .
Mitchell
Addison, Joseph
Kneller .
Kneller .
fsop’s Fables .
Agdelotte, B. P.
Agricultural Soc., Phila.
Agriculture, Soc. for Promoting
Akenside, Mark
Alaman, Lucus .
Albany Dutch Church Se he eae
Hooker
Albany, Lancaster School . . Hooker
Albion,Lossofthe .. . . Birch
Alexander I— Russia
St. Aubin .
Svinin .
Algiers
Algiers, U.S. Senndect ate
Alhambra, The .
Ali Bey El Abbassi
Allegorical Scene . ‘ua eae es
Allen, Benjamin ... . . Brewster .
Allen, Richard . . .. . . Peale
Allen,Solomon. .. . . . Ames
Allen, William Henry
Alps, The . ;
318
CHECK LIST
ENGRAVER NUMBERS
Longacre . . . 1920-22
Moore > «. shee eee
Paradise . sss eee
W.D.Smith . . . . 2942
Durand . . a ae
Goodman § Piggot . . 1196
Graham. . . +» ANGE
Harris. “i eee
Longacre .* 0. @-eigas
Norman . . .-. « « 93%
Okey. 05.) Oa ee
Revere (oy ee ree
Willard 5 6.) OP PT
Boyd . se" oe sae
Edwin... . 693-694
Ellie... .0< Pee ee
Kelly 0. ee
Longacre ... . . 1980
W.D.Smith . . . . 2943
Normaw,.- . “250, He gSas
Longacre .. . . . 1994
Anderson .-. So, eat
Rawdon . 3. seo eae
Pekenino .... »« 9481
LOw30n 6 4 a a
Scoles. '.* « 2 ae
Siyder ,. 4s in Sales
Willard-Rawdon . . . 3397
Tiebout. 3.5 2 2 eee
Doolittle. os Yin eee
Edwina... 5. ee eee
Edw | is Se see
Edwin. >... eee
Gobrecht «>. . s EROT
Longacre ... . » 1995
Scoles >. “a2 we 5) eee
Jocelyn 2° 6. as yee
Seymour. . . . 2886
Goodman & Pine . 1125
Revere ... coe 2696
Edwin (ew Oy eee
Boyd o's se ee eee
Tanner-Jones . . 1507, 3081
Edwin.) . Se eee
Plocher . .. . » « 2645
ITEM
Alston, Washington
Alvarado, Pedro de
America
America, AS ale
America in Distress
America Guided by Wisdom .
American Landscape
American Locust .
American and Foreign Coin
American Colonization Soc.
American Musical Mag.
Americus Vespucius .
Ames, Fisher
Amelia .
Amicable Fire Ba.
Anacreon .
Anatomy . ‘
Anatomical Figure
Ancient Musical Instruments .
Andalusia, Pa. .
André, John .
Andrews, John .
Angel and Child
Angelo, Mr. .~. ’
Anglesey, Marquis of
Ankarstrom, J. .
Anne, Queen of England
Annunciation, The
Antossee, Battle of
Apollinopolis, Temple of
Apollo .
Apologies for Rippling:
Appleton, Jesse :
Aqueduct Bridge, Evora
Archipelago, U.S. Sloop . .
Argyle, Duke of
INDEX
ARTIST
Johnston .
Barralet
Barralet
Durand.
Stuart .
Stuart .
Stuart .
Stuart .
Stuart .
Stuart .
Bell .
Birch
Sully
De Wilde .
(Caricature) .
Penniman .
Bennett
319
ENGRAVER
Johnston
Lawson
Doolittle .
Edwin
Harris
Revere
Tanner & Co.
Smillie
Doolittle
Reed .
Stone .
Doolittle
Fairman .
Boyd .
Edwin
Gimbrede
Kelly .
Leney .
Pru@Vhomme
Trenchard .
Callender
Edwin
Edwin
Anderson
Edwin
Steel
Pelton
Scoles
Edwin
Graham .
. Leney .
Scoles .
Tiebout
Boyd .
DLeney .
Maverick.
Tiebout .
ox; Webbe
Scoles.
Durand .
Charles .
Chorley
Tanner
Bennett .
Scoles
CHECK LIST
NUMBERS
- 1484
. 1679
522
- 925
~ 1277
. 2674
. S115
672
- 523
. 2661
. 3039
524
993
- 245
702-4
- 1033
. 1593
. 1107
. 2556
. 3302
288
705
941
66
. 934
. 3038
. 2478
. 2769
. 706
. 1175
. 1708
. 2820
- 3163
. 246
- L709
. 2181
. 3236
- 285
. 2850
552
336
. 383
. S117
. 145
. 2821
ITEM
Ariadne ;
Ariosto, Ludovico .
Arlington, Earl of
Arminius, James
Arms of Christian
Arnold, Benedict .
Asbury, Francis
Ashman, Jehudi
ATRERS 6: Gal ls
Athens, Ruins of
Atterbury, Francis
Auchmuty, Samuel
Averill, Chester
Backus, Azel
Bacon, Sir Francis
Bailey, Robert .
Bainbridge, William .
Bainbridge’s Return .
Bainbridge’s Squadron .
Baker, Mr.
Baker, Rachel
Baker, Rachel
Bakers’ Falls, N. Y.
Balbec « is 6
Balboa, Vasco Nunez de
Baldwin, Thomas .
Ball, William
Ballou, Hosea
Balston Springs, N. Y.
Baltimore, George Calvert Ld.
Baltimore,Md.. .
Baltimore Battle Monument .
Baltimore Court House .
INDEX
ARTIST
Vanderlyn
Lely .
Paradise
Paradise
Jocelyn.
Doughty
Metz.
Sexton .
Wood
Holbein
Du Simitiere .
ENGRAVER
Durand .
Fairman .
Haines
Paradise .
Tiebout
G.G. Smith .
Annin & Smith
Gimbrede
Tanner
Jocelyn .
Lang .
Kelly .
Maverick
Edwin.
Pru@homme
Longacre .
Annin & Smith
Haines
Martin.
. Delleker .
Jarvis .
Stuart .
Jarvis .
Williams .
Corne
Fanning
Lovett .
Jarvis
Doyle
Doyle .
Strickland
Goodrich .
Leseur .
Doughty
Godefroy .
Godefroy. .
320
. Durand
Edwin
Lewis .
Maverick
Reed & Stiles
J.R. Smith .
Leney .
G.G. Smith .
Hill
Gimbrede
Hamlin
Hill.
Shallus
Longacre
Gobrecht
Hoogland
Kneass
Bowen
Hag ea
Edwin
Bennett .
Steel .
Tanner
Cone .
ITEM
Baltimore Independent Church
Baltimore Marine Society .
Bangs, Nathan .
Banks, Thomas .
Baptism of Christ
Baptismal Scene
Barbould, Anna L.
Barclay, Miss
Bard, John
Bard, Samuel
Barlow, Joel
Barnes, John
Barnes, Mary G.
Barney, Joshua
Baron, George .
Barron, James .
Barry, John .
Barry, William T. .
Barrymore, Earlof .
Barton, Benjamin Smith
Bascom, Henry B.
Bass Isle .
Basso Relievo
Bastile, The .
Bateman, James
BattleScene.
Bayard, James A. .
Bayard, John
Baxter, Richard
Beach,W. .
Beattie, James .
' Beck, Theodoric R.
Bedell, Gregory T.
INDEX
ARTIST
Godefroy .
Paradise
Northcote .
Barralet
Smith
De Wilde .
Sharpless .
Vanderlyn
Le Barbier
Fulton .
Neagle .
Neagle .
Wood
Howell .
Neagle .
Stuart .
Stuart .
King
Longacre .
De Wilde .
Haines .
Otis .
Neagle .
Wertmiiller .
e
Weir. e e e
Lawrence. .
321
Paradise ..
CHECK LIST
ENGRAVER NUMBERS
Tanner & Co. . 3129
Houlton . . 1452
Durand . 554
Leney . 1710
Tiebout . . 3237
Hill. . 1393
Ellis . . 916
Leney . 1711
Leney . 1712
Main . . 2160
Anderson 45
Edwin 710
Durand . 655
Tisdale . 3250
Durand 556
Durand 557
Childs 340
Anderson eo OF
Steel . 3000
Edwin 711
Longacre . 1928
Longacre . 1930
Longacre . 1929
Leney «1718
Gobrecht . - 1109
Haines - 1190
Otis - 2379
Longacre . 1931
Seymour . 2889
Edwin 935
Clarke “411
Tiebout . 3201
Longacre - 1932
Middleton . . . . « 2274
Goodman & Piggot . . 1127
Edwin ely aude eee
Edwin . 952
Paradise. . . . - » 2387
Snyder . 2995
Paradise. . . 2388
Edwin 1 12
Longacre . 2135
Pekenino - » 2432
Prudhomme wot ed eOoe
Humphrys... .- «» 1469
ITEM
Bedell, Gregory T.
Bedford, Duke of
Belknap, Jeremy .
Belisarius F
Belmont, Pa.
Belvedere House .
Bennett, George
Benson, Joseph
Beranger, Pierre J. .
Bergen, Ne yy. ee
Berkshire Medical Inst.
Bernadotte, Gen. .
Bernard, John .
Berridge, John
Berrien, John McPherson .
Berthier, Canada .
Berthier, Louis Alexander
Bethlehem, Pa.
Betty, Wm. H. West .
Between Two Stools
Between the Logs
Bichat, M. F. X.
Biddle, James :
Biddle, Capt. Nicholas
Biddle, Nicholas, Esq.
Bill-head, Brackett
Bill-head, Cromwell’s Tavern .
Bird Catching in Orkney
Bishop, Robert H.
Black, Joseph
Blackburn, Gideon
Blackmore, Richard .
Blackstone, William .
Blair, Hugh .
INDEX
ARTIST
Neagle .
Neagle .
Jackson
Longacre ..
Birch .
(Caricature) .
Paradise
Choquet
Wood
Peale
Jarvis
Raeburn
322
ENGRAVER
Longacre
Longacre
. Steel
Haines
Harris
. Gavin.
Birch .
. Scoles
Pelton
Gimbrede
Yeager
Scoles
. Amnin & Smith
Schwartz
. Tanner & Co. .
. Edwin
. Harris
Bowen
. Longacre
Robertson _ .
Maverick
Tanner & Co.
. Hill
Strickland .
Leney .
Charles
W. D. Smith
Annin & Smith
Gimbrede
Edwin
Longacre-Welch .
Revere
Callender
Fill
Longacre
Kneass
Maverick
Hdwin
Edwin
Hill ~
Scoles
Durand .
Kelly ...
Mawerick
Scoles
Tiebout
Vallance
CHECK LIST
NUMBERS
. 1934
. 1935
. 3001
. 1191
. 1266
. 1027
. 191
. 2894
. 2479
. 1036
. 3419
. 2895
. 108
. 2765
. 3114
18
. 1267
. ii
. 1937
. 2236
. 3113
. 1388
. . 3053
1714-15
. 339
. 2944
sowie We
1037-38 ,
- 714
. 1938
. 2698
- 292
. 1389
. 1939
. 1646 ©
. 2184
715
- 716
. 1362
. 2770
558 ©
159495
. . 2185
2771
. 3164
. 3339
™
ITEM
Blair, John D.
Blakely, Johnston .
Blanchard, Mrs.
Bland, Mrs.
Bleecker, Ann Eliza .
Bligh, William .
Blisset, Francis
Bloomfield, Joseph
Blucher, Gen.
Blunt, Edmund M.
Boats on Mohawk .
Boerhaave, Herman .
Boleyn, Anne
Bolinbroke, Lord .
Bolivar, Simon .
Bolles, Lucius
Bolling Dam, Va. .
Bonaparte in Trouble
Bonaparte, Josephine
Bones, ete., from Ohio
Bonnet, Charles
Book-plate, Laleytecaat
INDEX
ARTIST
e Thompson.
De Wilde .
De Wilde .
Leslie
(Caricature) .
Loss.
Stothard .
Holbein
Edwards
Shaw.
(Caricature) .
Book-plate, Farmington Pibrery
Book-plate, N. Y. Society .
Boone, Daniel
Booth, Junius Brutus .
Bordentown, N. J.
Boston, Mass.
View of
Plan of
Harding
Neagle .
Bridport
Fraser .
Hill .
Johnston .
323
CHECK LIST
ENGRAVER NUMBERS
Martin . 2178
Gimbrede . 1039
Leney TTS
Leney ~ 117
Tiebout . . 3165
Houston . 1456
Edwin . 86
Gridley . 1178
Rollinson . 2722
Tanner & Co. . 3114
Akin . 20 ae ba
. Maverick . 2237
. Gimbrede - 1040
Kelly . - 1596
Cook . - 430
Scoles « 2472
Childs . SA4l
Longacre . 1940
Maverick . 2186
Pekenino . 2433, 2439
Pelton . 2480
Hill . 1343
Doolittie 530
Edwin . (94
Trenchard . . 3284
Edwin 17
Godwin . . 1120
Bull . 283
Gallaudet . 1026
Longacre . 1941
Ellis 964,
- Drayton . . . 542
‘ Goodman & Pivebe Mar ae 2 F
. Steel . . . 3038
. Bennett . 125
. Childs . 855
. Hill . 1390
. Revere 2677 —78
. NScoles . 2826
. Steel . . 3021
Trenchard . . 3285
Turner . 3330
. Bowen . 220-23
Callender 297
Dewing 483
ITEM
Pink Of. G0... Bee
Almshouse
Arch at :
Bank—U. S. Beane *
Beacon Hill Monument .
Brick Meeting
Castle William .
Charles River Bridge .
Coffee House
Common, The
Court House .
Faneuil Hall
Faneuil Hall Market .
Hancock House
Harbor, Plan of
Hollis St. Church .
Lighthouse
North Battery .
Ships Landing ee a i
State House . :
Third Baptist ey
Boston and Provincial Camp .
Boston Marine Society .
Boston Massacre . :
Boston, Wreck of Ship .
Boudinot, Elias
Bouquet, Col., and Indians
Bourgeois, Sir Francis .
Bowdoin, James
Bowditch, Nathaniel .
Pierpont
Hill .
Bulfinch
Edes
(Certificate)
Sully
ENGRAVER
. Hill
Johnston
Norman .
G4. G. Smith
Trenchard .
Vallance
- Wightman .
Yeager
Bowen
. Hill
. Bowen
- Tanner
. Kidder
. Hill
. Revere
. Scoles
. Hill
. Scoles
. Wightman .
. Hill
. Kidder
. Kidder
. Hill
. Bowen
. Hill
. Lownes
Vallance
. Burgis
. Hill
. Revere
. Revere
. Hill
. Kidder
. Aitken
Callender
. Revere
. Porter
. Boyd .
Waldo & Jewett Durand .
Waldo & Jewett Paradise
B. West
Northcote .
Stuart .
Stuart .
324
. Revere
. Leney
. Hill
J.R.Smith .
Pelton
co
©
fos)
ITEM
Bradford, William
Brainard, J.G.C. .
Brainerd, Thomas
Braithwaite, Anna
Branch, John
Brazilian Indians .
Breadfruit, The
Breck, Samuel— Residence
Breed’s Hill, Mass.
Breed’s Hill, Action at .
Bremer, Fredrika .
Brice, Andrew .
Brissot, J. P.
British Drama .
Broadhead’s Creek, Pa. .
Brockwell, Charles
Brooks, John
Brooks, Nathan C.
Brother Jonathan’s Soliloqu
Brougham, Henry
Brown, Clark .
Brown, Jacob
Brown, Tipping
Browne, Thomas
Bruce, Archibald .
Bruen, M. .
Brunson, Alfred . ‘
Bryant, William Cullen.
Buckminster, Joseph S.. .
Buckminster, J. ,
Budgell, Eustace .
Buell, Samuel .
Buffalo,N.Y. . .
Building the Ark .
Bunker Hill Battle
INDEX
ARTIST ENGRAVER
“pe ose», Mdm
Tisdale. . . Longacre
J.R.Smith . J.R.Smith .
Dunlap . - Durand .
Longacre: . Longacre
Peale . . . Longacre
: . Reiche
gutters . Strickland .
Birch . Steel .
Johnston . Steel .
(Plan) . . Martin
Sodermark . Prud’homme
. Leney
oo et ee tae COME
(Title-page) . Longacre
Hoffman . . Scoles
Pelham. . . Pelham .
Frothingham Chorley .
Stuart . . Durand .
Miller . Horton
(Caricature) . Kensett . .
. Pru@homme
Willard .
eae: . Stone .
Jarvis . . . Durand .
Wood .. . Gimbrede
Jarvis . Maverick
. ‘ . Tanner & Co.
Hoquier . Leney .
eel Bie . Scoles
Brown . . Hoogland
Arlaud . . Longacre
Shaffer . . Paradise
Paper er" . Durand .
Stuart . Edwin
. ° . Kelly .
Fermin. . . Leney
Reed .. . Reed.
- Bennett .
- Weston .
. Annin & Smith
Meer war eerceremryae:
Trumbull . . Norman .
ew a sce w SROMaNENS
De Berniere . G.G. Smith
325
CHECK LIST
NUMBERS
oi th6
. 1942
. 2918
- 660
. 1943
- 1944
- 2664
. 3070
. 3038
- 3022
- 2174
- 2559
- 1719
. . 2773
2151-52
- 2827
. 2460
. 384
. . 2359
2731-32
. . 9910
ITEM
Bunyan, John
Burder, George
Burgomaster, The
Burgoyne, Capture of
Burgoyne’s Defeat
Buried with Him by Baptism
Burke, Edmund
Burke, Mr. . .
Burkitt, William .
Burns, Robert .
Burns’ Works
Burnside, A. FE.
Burr, Aaron . aut
Burr, Aaron— Residence
Burrow, Dr. .
Bush Hill, Pa. .
Bushong’s Tavern, Pa. .
Business Card, Ashton’s
Danvers &
Beverly .
S. Emery
Greenwood
W. Hamlin
Harbeson .
Humphrys
A. March
INDEX
ARTIST
Fountain .
Derby .
(Plan) «<4
(Plan) .
Wood
Nasmyth
Nasmyth
Nasmyth
(Title-page) .
Hoffman
» Dighton
326
ENGRAVER
. Anderson
Chapin
Hamm
Longacre
. Maverick
. Paradise
W.D. Smith
Tanner
- Hamm
Okey .
. Maverick
. Martin
. Fairman
. Revere
. EKdwin
. Pru@homme
. Steel
Tanner
. Childs
Edwin
. Hillis
. Haines
. Lawson .
. Maverick
. Pekenino
. Scot
W.D. Smith
Throop
Tiebout
Harrison
Pelton
Gridley
Tiebout
. Martin
. Malcom .
. Tiebout
Trenchard .
. Sparrow .
Callender
Callender
. Revere
. Hamlin .
. Dawkins .
. Humphrys .
Akin .
CHECK LIST
NUMBERS
. 68
. 304
. 1254
. 1946
. 2188
. 2391
. 2945
. 3083
. 1255
. 2374
. 2269
. 2176
«+ 999
»~ jageegh
. 720-21
. 2619
. 3002
. 3084
343
722
965
. 1193
. 1680
. 2189
. 2435
. 2855
. 2946
. 3158
. 3166
. 1310
. 2482
. 1179
. 3202
. 2173
. 2167
. 3203
. 3283
. 2999
291
. 290
. 2699
1250-52
. 463
. 1473
29
ITEM
Bute, Lord
Butler, Alban
Butler,Gen.. .. .
Buttermilk Falls, Pa.
Byles, Mather
Byron, Lord
Cesar Augustus
Cabell, E. C.
Cader Iris
Cain and Abel .
Calcutta
Calhoun, John C.
Calvin, John. ™
Cambridge, Colleges at .
Cambridge Christ Church .
Campbell, Thomas
Campbell, Mr.
Camden, Ear! of
Canada River 1k
Canada, Seat of War in
Canada, Upper and Lower
Caner, Henry
Ganning, Co .)ss0%
Cannon, N.C. W. .
Canova, Antonio
Canton Factories .
Cape Monserado
INDEX
ARTIST
Pelham .
Phillips
Sanders
Phillips
Phillips
Phillips
West
Westall
Phillips
West
Craig
King
Dacier .
Chadwick .
Strutt
(Map) .
(Map) .
(Map) .
Smibert
Dodge .
327
ENGRAVER
. Haines
Neagle
Hamlin .
Murray
Harris
. Pelham
Edwin
. Ellis
. Hillis :
. Durand .
. Gimbrede
- Kelly .
. Longacre
. Longacre
Longacre
. Pelton
W.D. Smith
Thornton
Pru@homme
Tanner
. Hill
. Campbell
. Longacre
Longacre
Bowen
. Boyd .
. Kneass
Snyder .
. Hill
. Revere
. Hill
. Gimbrede
. Longacre
. Pekenino
Wightman .
Haines
. Johnston
. Aitken
. Kensett .
Pelham
Pru@homme
SY, SY eereet
Durand .
. Scoles
Stone .
CHECK LIST
NUMBERS
. 1192
. 2302
- 1228
. 2290
. 1268
. 2461
123
966
967
. 564
- 1042
. 1598
- 1947
. 1948
. 2139
. 2483
~ 2947
. 3154
. 2560
. 3120
. 1358
2 ee
1949 —50
+ 1951
218
. 248
. 1647
. 2995
. 1396
. 2682
» 1399
. 1043
. 2139
ITEM
Capers, William
Carey, William .
Carolan
Caroline, Queen
Carpenter’s Co, Phila.
Carroll, Charles, of C.
Carroll, John
Cascade, The— Pa.
Caslon, Mrs. E.
Cass, Lewis . ;
Catharine II— Russia
Catskill, N.Y. .
Catskill Mountains
Caulfield, Mr.
Cervantes, Miguel
Chambers, Sir William ‘
Channing, Wm. Ellery .
Chapman, Nathaniel .
Chappe, Abbé .
Charles I—England .
Charles II— England
Charles V— Germany
Charles XII—Sweden
Charleston, S. C., Siege of .
Charlestown, Mass.
Charlestown Peninsula .
Charlemagne ;
Charlotte Elizabeth .
Chase, Henry
Chase, Philander
INDEX
ARTIST
Paradise
(Certificate) .
Harding
Field
Harding
Paul. .
Calton .
Tuthill .
Durand
De Wilde .
Reynolds .
Harding
Sully
Neagle .
Longacre .
Sully
Vandyck .
Titian .
(Map) .
Dickson
Paradise
Bogle
328
CHECK List
ENGRAVER NUMBERS
. Longacre ... . . 1952
. Bowen thay ig
. Ohilds: ... aes 342
. Kennedy - 1635
Willard . . 3369
Thackara . 3149
. Durand . . 566 —
. Longacre . 1954
. Longacre - 1953
- Anderson ..-. 1. 46
- Leney-Tanner. . 1722,3085
. Tiebout . . 3204
. Leney . 1723
. Lewis . . 1913
. Edwin 0 eS ee ees
- Bill. oom 2 ee
. Leney - « L724
Tanner » « 3130
.. Bennett . | 135
. Durand . » Ore
. Hewitt . 1318
. Leney - 1725
. Maverick . 2190
. Murray . . . 2283
. Hoogland 1417-18
- Goodman & Piggot . . 1128
. W.R. Jones . . - 1508
« Kelle eis . 1599
. Longacre - 1955
. Neagle : - 2303
. Clarks tht hal . 397
. Gimbrede . 1044
. Leney . 1726
. Edwin . 726
. Leney . 1727
. Anderson ee is
. Scoles - 2775
. Abernethie . ; 1
. Tanner . 3121
. Bowen , 224,
- Annin & Smith 112
. Bowes ase §
« W.D. Smith . 2950
. Paradise . 2392
. Pru@homme . . . 2561
ITEM
Chase, Samuel .
Chatham, Earlof .
Chauncey, Isaac
Chesapeake and Shannon .
Chester, John
Chesterfield, Earl of .
Cheverus, John .
China Retreat, Pa.
Christ and the Law
Church, Benjamin
Church of Holy Sepulcher
Church in Distress
Church of God .
Cicero . ae
Cincinnati, Ohio .
Cincinnati, Society of
Claiborne, William C. C.
Clairon, Mademoiselle .
Clarendon, Earl of
Clark, Laban
Clavie Adem: . . .....
Clarke, Beulah Allen
Clarke, John
Clarke, McDonald
Clarke, Mary Ann
Clarke,S. .
Clarkson, Thomas
Clay,Henry. .
Dickinson .
Birch
Huntington
Duval
Lely .
Paradise
Partridge .
Jackson
Derby .
Derby .
Lovett .
Inman .
Hubard
King
Linen
McPherson
329
ENGRAVER
. Longacre
Johnston
Leney
Deileker .
Edwin
Wightman .
Rawdon & Co.
- Osborn
. Scoles
- Hoogland
- Johnston
. Birch .
. Justice
. Revere
Trenchard .
- NScoles
. Hill
Chorley .
~ Steel,
- Scot
. Longacre
Revere
. Haines
Durand .
Chorley .
- Durand .
- Edwin
. Longacre
. Paradise
W.D. Smith
Maverick
Graham .
. Hill
Gimbrede
. Maverick
Leney
Hill
. Maverick
Haines
. Longacre
. Longacre
Mawerick
Pru@homme .
Sth. «he
Willard. .
. 3024
CHECK LIST
NUMBERS
. 1956
- 1485
. 1728
478
- 727
. 3360
. 2642
. 2375
. 2776
. 1419
. 1486
-” 192
. 1564
- 2666
. 3287
- 2851
. 1356
385
. 2869
- 1957
. 2667
. 1195
. 567
390
568
. 728
. 1958
. 2393
. 2948
. 2193
. 1162
. 1365
- 1045
. 2194
- 1729
. 1371
. 2191
- 1203
- 1959
- 1960
. 2192
. 2562
ITEM
Cliffton, William .
Clinton, De Witt
Clinton, George
Clovis . :
Clymer, Gaara
Cobb, David .
Cochran, John .
Codman, John .
Coke, Thomas
Colby, John .
Colden, sR has ate
Colden, Cadwallader D.
Cole, Joseph
Coligny, Admiral .
Collins, John
Collins, Williams .
Collins, Mr. ; :
‘ Collingwood, Cuthbert :
Colman, Benjamin
Columbia, S. C. Stateless :
Columbia College, N. Y.
“Columbian Harmonist, The”
Columbian War
Columbus, Christopher .
Conde, Prince de
Condorcet, N. C. de
Concord, Mass.
Concord State House .
Congress Springs, N. Y.
Congreve, William
Connecticut River
INDEX
ARTIST
Field
Coffee
Ingham
Inman .
Trumbull .
Catlin
Ingham
Ames
Wright
Trott
Trott
Wildman .
Williams
ENGRAVER
. Hdwin
. Durand .
Durand ,.
- Durand .
. Leney
. Longacre
Pru@Vhomme
. Anderson
Maverick
Tiebout .
Galland .
Hooker .
Longacre
. Hdwin
Leney
. Pelton
. Rollinson
Williams
. Leney
Scoles
Waldo I mae Durand .
Neagle .
De Wilde .
Smibert
(Certificates )
. . « Doolittle
Pigalt
Savage .
Maella .
LeSeur .
Kneller
White
Fisher
330
Longacre
Smither .
. Longacre
. Harrison
Leney
- Tanner & Co. .
. Pelham
Akin .
Rollinson
Tiebout .
. Edwin
. Longacre
. Maverick
Pelton
. Bowes
. Bannerman
Tisdale
. Hill
- Bowen
. Hill
. Leney
Longacre
Childs
. Ellis
CHECK LIST
NUMBERS
« 729
569
571
. 570
. 1730
. 1961
. 2563
. 48
. 2195
. 3167
. 1022
. 1441
. 1962
- 730
. 1731
. 2484
. 2705
. 3363
. 1732
» 2777
. 572
. 2120
. 2973
. 1963
. 1278
. 1733
. 3112
. 2463
eee
2728-30
» 531
. 3239
9S
. 1964
. 2197
. 2530
238
- Us
. 2351
. 1400
- 225
. 1326
. 1734
. 2140
357
977
ITEM
Connecticut, Map of .
Connecticut Views
Connoisseurs, The
Conrad, R. T.
Constellation and Pe tanahyent
Constitution, U. S. Frigate
Constitution and G'uerriere
Constitution, Escape of .
Constitution, Levant and Cyane
Constantinople .
Contemplation .
Conway, Mr. and Mrs.
Conwell, Henry
Cook, James
Cook, James, Death of
Cook’s Voyages .. .
Cooke, George Frederick
Cooke, Monument of
Cooper, Ezekiel . . .. .
Cooper, J. Fennimore
Cooper, Myles
Cooper, Samuel
Cooper, Thomas
Cooper, Thomas oklntpe!
Cooper, William
Gormmeling, Bo. ke ck
Cornwallis, Charles Marquis .
Cortes, Ferdinando
Cossack Horseman .
INDEX
CHECK LIST
ARTIST ENGRAVER NUMBERS
Allen . oe SF
ee ee ee cs ee . 2662
(Caricature) Charles 337
tk eet Dodson . . 484
Savage . . Savage . , 2757-58
Lyon . . . Bowen 233
ae . Strickland- Hisas 1660, 3055
Birch Tiebout . 3206
»ewcere& . sLoogland . 1436
Strickland . Strickland . . 3054
ant eee Simonne . . 2900
Coupin . . Longacre . 2157
ety eda ae, WTAE . 3416
Neagle . . Bridport Q74
eet . Doolittle + ee
. Hill . 1368
Rollinson . 2706
Scoles . 2778
« Beets. . 2856
. Shallus 4 . 2893
» « « « « «+ Seot & Alierdice :. . 2867
(Illustrations) Revere 2684. 85
(Illustrations) Shallus . 2899
DeWilde . Anderson ere:
Leslie . Edwin . 734-36
Sully . Hdwin . 732
Dunlap . Leney . 1735
Durand . Durand . . 671
ai SR J.R. Smith . 2919
Otis . . Jones . . 1509
Paradise . Pru@homme . 2564
Blanchard . Dodson . 487
Mirbel . . Pelton Soh ka. . 2485
Po ae «, LORY Ne asian . 1736
er ee Norman . . 2329
Ingham . . Durand . 573
Leslie . Edwin 737
Wood . Edwin: . 36
a sehr Glog Oe. aa ER . 1269
Leslie . Lewis . 1914
Smibert . Pelham . 2464
Metcalf Longacre . 1965
ee Edwin foi T38
Jones . . 1510
Lawson . . 1679
Middleton . 2273
331 —
ITEM
Cottage Scene . 2B,
Country Seats of U.S. .
Courtship vs. Matrimony
Cowell, Joseph .
Cowen, E. ;
Cowley, ‘Atrahac’ i
Cowley, Mrs.
Cowper, William
Cowper, Mrs.
Cox, Samuel H.
Coxsackie, N. Y.
Crabbe, George
Crawford, John
Crawford, William H.
Crawford, Mrs.
Creation of Eve
Cristiani, Stephen
Crocket, David
Croes, John .
Croghan, George .
Cromwell, Oliver
Cross, Jeremy L. .
Cromwell’s Head Tavern .
Croton Aqueduct, Views on
Crouch, Mrs.
Crown Point Fort
Crown of New England
Cruden, Alexander
Cullen, William
Cumberland, Duke of
Cumberland, Duchess of
Cumberland, Richard
Cupid and Psyche
Curran, John Philpot
INDEX
ARTIST
Bigg .
Sethe ao
N siete :
Deming
Lawrence
Romney
Heins
Paradise
Jarvis .
Roberts
Persico .
DeRose
Paradise
Walker .
Lely .
Morse
Munger
Tower
Tower
Graham
Brown .
Frey
332
ENGRAVER
. Tiebout .
Birch .
Hamlin .
. Durand .
W.D. Smith
. Scoles
. Hill
. Edwin
. Gimbrede
. Hill
. Longacre
. Maverick
. Pekenino
Maverick
. Durand .
. Leney
. Longacre
. Edwin
. Durand .
. Leney
. Hdwin
. Maverick
. Durand .
. Paradise
. Boyd .
- Boyd .
. Gimbrede
. Gimbrede
. Pru@homme j
. Scot & Allerdice .
. Jocelyn .
. Jocelyn .
. Callender
. Bennett .
.) Ae
. Leney
. Johnston
. G.G. Smith
. Kneass
Tucker
. Rollinson
. Leney
. Leney
. Edwin
. Hdwinm Ft
. Edwin...
CHECK LIST
NUMBERS
. 3207
189-190
. 1253
. 574
. 2949
. 2779
. 1366
. %39
- 1046
. 1367
. 2136
. 2198
. 2437
. 2199
. 575
. 1882
. 2137
740
. 576
. 1737
. 931
. 2200
< oT
. 2394
249
. 250
. 1048
. 1047
. 2565
. 2857
. 1532
. 1531
» « 892
128-134
. 1357
. 1738
. 1502
. 2914
. 1648
. 3303
. 2707
. 1739
. 1740
741
ITEM
Curran, John Philpot
Cutler, BC. .
Cutler, Timothy
Daggett, David
Dalcho, Frederick
Dale, Richard
Dallas, Alexander J. .
Dallas, George Mifflin
Da Ponte, Lorenzo
Darley, Ellen Westray .
Darling Asleep
Dartmouth College
Dartmoor Prison .
Davenport, John
Davenport, Mrs.
Davie, Wm. Richardson
Dawes, Rufus
Dearborn, Henry .
Deblin, Miss
Decatur, Stephen .
Declaration of Independence .
De Kalb Monument .
Delancy, William H. |
INDEX
ARTIST
Hopson
Dickinson .
Pelham .
Wood
Fraser .
Wood
Wood
Stuart
Stuart
Harrison .
Rogers .
Doyle
Dunlap
Darley .
Dana
Dunham
Roberts
Vanderlyn
Cranch .
Peale
Sully
Birch
Stuart
Stuart
Plantou
Jarvis
Sully
Trumbull .
Trumbull .
Savage .
Miils:
333
CHECK LIST
ENGRAVER NUMBERS
- Houston . 1458
Tiebout . 3168
» Pru@Vhomme . 2566
Pelham . . 2465
Jocelyn . . 1533
- Durand . ets
. EHdwin 743 —T44
- Dodson nr ee) 480
- Goodman & Piggot . . 1129
. Leney . 1741
. Harrison . 1279
. Pekenino . 2452
- Hdwin . 145
. Leney . 1742
. Steel . . 3004
Edwin 928
. Bowen . 226
. Hill . 1401
. Doolittle . 632
- G.G. Smith . 2911
. Doolittle vate 2”)
. Leney . 1743
. Longacre . 1966
. Pru@Vhomme . 2567
. Hdwin . T46
Tanner & Co. . 3111
Wright . 3416
. Durand . 579
. Hdwin relate
. Edwin 748-749
Gimbrede . . 1049
Goodman & Piggot . . 1130
on LQUa es Callie cee . 1915
Osborn . 2376
. Pekenino . 2438
. Pru@homme . 2568
. Reed & Stiles . . 2658
. Strickland . . 3046
. Durand . 4 4 t2GTs
. Pru@homme 2622-23
. Savage . 2759
. Stone . . 3045
. Hill . 1327
. Dodson 486
ITEM
Delano, Amasa .
Delaware Peninsula .
Delaware River
Delaware Water Gap
Dempster, John
Dennie, Joseph .
Dennie Memorial .
D’Eon Chevalier
“Deputy Commissioner’s Guide”
Derby, Countess of
Derwent Water
Descent from Cross
Despotism Vanquished .
De Sacy, Silvestre
Devon, Pa. : z
Dexter, Lord Timothy
INDEX
ARTIST
(Map) .
Birch
Durand
Birch
Wall
Fairman
Rubens
Birch
Peele
Dexter, Lord Timothy— Residence .
Dick, Thomas
Dickinson, John
Dickinson College, Pa.
Dillwyn, George
Dismal Swamp, Va. .
Dilworth, Thomas
Dock-cleaning Machine .
Dodd, William .
Doddridge, Philip
Doge’s Palace, Venice
Donoughmore, Lord .
D’Orsay, Alfred
Dorsey, John Syng
Drake, J. Rodman
Drais, Baron Charles de
Draper, Sir William .
Drayton, William Henry
Dryden, John
Dress
Duche, Jacob
Duff, Mrs.
Duff, John
Brackenridge
Inman
Sully
Rodgers
Reading
Neagle .
Neagle .
Williams
334
CHECK LIST
ENGRAVER NUMBERS
. Wightman... . . 3355
. Dawkins . . . . %) 466
.. Tucker. «ss Seth ae
. Durand’... a eet ate
. Strickland... . . S066
. Paradise .. « « 9395
: Goodman & Piggot eres ® bs)!
. Fairman onda eee
- Norman. . « «1 -« Sa50
. Sparrow <0) whip Meee
- Leney oon 5
— Seymott oi teu pee
© Deney oi canen th use
. Tisdale . . . « « » 3269
. Pelton ¢ ai se
. Birch... ee eee
~ Akin’... + Seth eee
. Paradise .; «+. . «2a06
. JR. Smith ee
Tucker. asiast® eae
. Smither.. . <2. eee
Tanner. «6.0 tien vee
. Bdwm « «4 sia eee
- Maverick . .. . . 2939
. Anderson . . GuG sale
. Maverick 4.0.1 % up eee
. Tanner oa. is Se eee
Chorley ©...) + gates see
. Edwin a1 ie aoe
. Reed... iiecehed ae eee
. Barkete « 3) eS eae
. Deny 2°. oo eee
Yeager . «9 wee are
Goodman & Pliage 1132-34
. Kelly, soa eee
Clay... 3 ee
Hatnes se i See 1196
Wright. vs. <3
. Kellyig is th eee
» autueers . DOng@ere a.) 5 eee
(Caricature) .
Akin 2 5 4°. 50a
. Malcom... . . » 2166
. Longacre . . . 5 + BaGT
. Durand 4.4.08 ee ee
Edwin-Boyd ... . "51
INDEX
ITEM ARTIST ENGRAVER NUMBERS
Pee rOrnO a ves... ome . Edwin rien) oie er. 2964
Seepere Nae” . oe... Meanceors. . Edwins. » . . . . 732
Duncan, Admiral . - Tanner& Co. . . . . 38112
Dunstaffage Castle Le saree). Harrizon,. Rin 41982
Duplantier Mansion, La. . . Bitehoracsa die gt. boa 220k
Durand, Asher Brown Waldo a7 owett Pekenino :.. . . 2439
eee AS we oe «> LOGIONESS 2 5 488
rrr MmaMibere e.g ee ei. « ESTE). wwe vw » 1871
Dafoe. gles (Racehorse). Wright ... . . . S417
Dwight, Timothy ‘ Jocelyn’... ..'.. 1684-35
Trumbull .
. Leney
- LTAT
Wood . Leney . 1746
Eagle Tavern, Albany ott baa . Kneass . 1661
Eaglesfield, Pa. Mason . . Childs . 361
Hast River, N. Y. . Leney . 1883
Ser an - Maverick . 2240
Eastburn, Joseph . Otis . .. Clay. . 892
Bowman . Frederick . 1017
Otis . Otis . 2384
Eaton, John H. Longacre . . Longacre . 1968
Eaton, William ae ee. Hamlin . . 1229
Doyle . Snyder . 2990
Echo, Pa.. . . Birch . Birch . . 195
“Echo, The” . otk . Leney . 1905
Eden Vale, Mass. Edes . Hill . » » 1404
Edgeworth, Maria : ated eos > WAGMAN: . 42.0. Ge SSO
Edgeworth, MAte-aasidence Edgeworth . Childs ..... . 362
Beimperen wa. . Craig . . Caompbelin cat TY line) S01
Schetky . . Drayton. . ... . 548
| avant). Warnecke oni )..crec 8861
HWadward, Princeof Wales... .... . . Leney 2. wu... 1748
Seerencerya Gorey... ! etn. Pdwine’ . wenn’ T od 188
Edwards, Jonathan et a a ey |
. Annin & Smith 106
Doolittle it. SAS
. Edwin . 756-57
- Jocelyn . 1536-37
- Reed . 2649 —50
A, ky at - W.D. Smith . 2951
Egypt... wars (Map) . - Poupard : . 2553
Elbequier at ae See. nd co WaeEN, « TIBOR «8. ss -o. ¢ BBOS
Eleazer Draggedto Torture . ...... Allon. ...... 38
Election Scene in Phila. Krimmel . . Lawson... . . . 1692
RGMGret a ees wee |e) 1. a cewoxeeets .. Mdtoin eos 6 SD yp i986
335
ITEM
Elgin Botanic Garden
Elijah and the Widow’s Son .
Eliot, Sir John .
Elisha and the Shunianiteed
Elizabeth, Queen .
Elizabeth .
Elk, The .
Elliott, E.
Elliott, Jesse Duncan
Ellison, Thomas
Ellsworth, Oliver .
Ely, Ezra Stiles
Elysian Bower, Pa.
Embury, Mrs.
Emmeline
Emmet, Thomas Addis ¢
Emmons, Nathaniel .
Emmons, Richard
Emory, John
INDEX
ARTIST
Reinagle
Simond .
Le Suer
Pine .
Fairman .
Trumbull .
Trumbull .
Otis .
Birch
Morse
Badger
Longacre .
I fs
Emporium of Arts and Sciences (Title-page)
Epicurus . -
Epochs of Pintary
Erie Canal, Views on
Erie Canal Celebration .
Errington, John
Erskine, Alexander
Erskine, Thomas .
FKsten, Mrs. .
Etna, Summit of
Eugene, Prince of Savoy
Euripides
Eustis, William
Evarts, Jeremiah .
Eve and the Serpent .
Ewing, John
Ewing, J.S. .
Cosway
Cosway
DeWilde
Williams
M Ae
Morse
Fairman
336
ENGRAVER
. Leney
. Leney
. Eddy .
. Prudhomme
Longacre
. Edwin
.. Leney
Seymour
Osborn
Tiebout .
Ellis
. Pru@homme
. Edwin
. Fairman
. Hdwin
. Maverick
Childs
. Birch.
. Dodson .
. Barralet .
. J.R. Smith .
. Pelton
. Longacre
. Jones .
. Longacre
Edwin
. Durand .
Wilson-Eddy .
. Hill
. Maverick-Morin .
. Leney
Tiebout
. Maverick
. Murray .
. Leney
. Harrison
. Leney
. Longacre
. Annin & Smith
- Chorley .
. Longacre
Pelton
. Akin .
. Edwin
. Childs
. 2570
. 2156
. 9571
. 2201
CHECK LIST
NUMBERS
. 1884
. 1885
690
756
. 1749
. 2873
. BIT
. 3169
980
757
987
758
344
196
507
121
. 2920
. 2486
. 1969
. 1512
. 1970
949
581
. 3400
1329 —32
ITEM
Fall of Fyers
Falls of the Sawkill
Falstaff [Syon5
Family Electioneering .
Famous Mountain, China .
Fandango, The .
Farm-Yard, etc.
Farren, Miss F
Fayetteville. ....
Female Character, Letters on
Fenelon
Fennell, James .
Ferguson, Adam
Ferrand, Marie Louis
Fielding, Henry
Fillmore, Millard .
Findley, Mary .
Finland View
Finley, James B.
Finley, Samuel. .
Finley Chain Bridge .
Finney, Charles G.
Fire-Engine, American
Fire-Engine, New York
Fireman’s Certificate
Fisher, Alexander M.
Fisher, Clara
Fisher, James
Fishkill, N. Y. .
Fisk, Pliny .
Fisk, Wilbur
Fitch’s Steamboat
Fitz, Henry . rae
Flat Rock Dam, Pa. .
Flavel, John .
Flechere, John W. dela .
INDEX
337
ARTIST ENGRAVER
etree . Kneass
Bennett - Durand .
Fuseli . . Leney
(Caricature). Charles
- Lawson .
- Seymour
weet. Prenchard. .
Ramberg . . Leney
Shaw Hill
(Title-page) . Longacre
Vivien . . Clarke
eee - Gaw .
Vivien . - Pelton
Wood - Boyd .
Doyle . Snyder
Reynolds . . Tucker
oe amines . EHdwin
Hogarth - Leney
oi. eee - Tucker
. Steel .
- Boyd .
Rete ey een Tanner
Paradise .. . Durand .
ok de cae es 10) ee ODA
Strickland . Tanner
Spencer . Paradise
. Folwell
» will
. Maverick
PPR at ne Godwin .
Robertson . Maverick
pe ce . J.R. Smith .
Morse . Jocelyn .
Inman . . Bennett .
. Scoles
. Hill
AAC ys . Hoogland
Paradise . Paradise
Scere . Trenchard .
Linen . W.D. Smith
Doughty . Steel .
cs SNE . Reed .
. J.R. Smith .
. Edwin
. Pru@homme
CHECK LIST
NUMBERS
- 1665
. 675
. 1908
- 332
. 1701
- 2892
. 3288
. 1753
. 1343
. 2148
. 398
. 1029
. 2488
. 251
. 2991
. 3305
. 9
. 1754
. 3306
. 3005
- 252
. 3125
582
. 760
. 3126
- 2397
- 1008
. 1347
. 2265
. 1118
. 2257
. 2940
. 1538
. 122
. 2780
. 1340
. 1420
. 2398
. 3289
. 2952
. 3038
. 2651
. 2941
. 761
. 2572
ITEM
Fletcher, John .
Fletcher, Mary .
Floral Magazine
Florida, History of
Floyd, William .
Folwell, Dicky .
Fontenelle
Forrest, Edwin
Forster, Anthony .
Fort Crown Point
Fort Erie, Siege of ‘
Fort McHenry, Battle of .
Fort McHenry, Bombardment
DT is ae
Fort Miller, N. Y. .
Fort Montgomery .
Fort Moultrie, Attack on
Fort Niagara
Fort Oswego
Fort Putnam
Fort Sandusky .
Fort Ticonderoga .
Fortune Hunter, The
Fothergill, John
Fountain Green, Pa. .
Fox, Charles James
Fox, George .
Francis I—France
Francis, John W. .
Francis, Sir Philip
Francis, William .
Francis, Mrs. William
Francisco, Peter
Francke, A. H. . Se ath
Frankfort State House, Ky. .
Franklin, Benjamin .
INDEX
ARTIST
CHECK LIST
NUMBERS
. Pekenino ... . . 2440
- Gimbrede . . . . . 1050
> «0. wt oe Longaera ae ee
(Title-page) . Longacre ... . . 2158
(Illustrations) Romans... . . . 2735
+ + 0 e 6+ Durand] 73 See
(Caricature). Akin . . ..... J
‘ Clarke... <5 St, Maes
ENGRAVER
Neagle . . Durand . . « S27 684
Marling . Goodman & Piggot . . 1185
ous Doe . Johnston. . «2 eso?
Douglas Vallance 2 ies a, beeen
ok ~ Bower a. i eee
. Harrison . . « . . 1814
Strickland . Kneass ... . . . 1658
. Bihs. ~o.c Pee eee
. ihe .>. yee ae
. Abernethte . os ss 2
. Strickland . . . . «3056
.. Clarke. « TSR Rae
. Strickland . . . . . 3057
(Map)
Weir . Durand. « 21% 42eT6
sited Mure . Strickland . sa>5 98058
Reinagle . Fairman vo OAL. Set
Cole. we... Kearny. eee
Wall . Maverick 5 es igh BREE
7. e ow Callender, 3a. 2a ees
. Clarke -.. . . . « 2/400
weak . Smtther = ey Pa eea7a
Birch . Bitches <i. see
coe aie . Boyd ys «643 a eee
. Edwin. % vee ae
. Kelly «. . . eae
. Prudhomme .. . . 2619
mies - Bowen =. . .) ees
Titian . Anderson 52
Herring . Pru@homme . 2573
Barta eo . Brown 279
Neagle . . Longacre 1974
Neagle . . Longacre 1975
Barralet . Edwin 921
. Longacre . 1976
. Scoles . 2831
Akin . 15
338
ITEM
Franklin, Benjamin .
Franklin— Reeve .
Franklinville, Ky. .
Frederick II — Prussia
INDEX
ARTIST
Halloway .
Longacre .
Peale
Martin .
Martin .
Martin .
Chamberlin
Martin .
Martin .
Martin .
Wilson .
Martin .
Janinet
Peale
Janinet
Martin .
Martin .
Cochin .
Croome
Martin .
Martin .
339
CHECK LIST
ENGRAVER NUMBERS
Allardice «2... 6 Al
. Anderson .. Fae OL
. Bannerman. . . 114-15
. Dodiow .- -. FR eae
o. Bae ee ees 1S
Maen 2° a SES
» RTO. RR eS
Gobrecht’ . 2... 1110
. Goodman & Piggot 1186-37
Pam a fi) 3. cea at ana wren teekn! cas 1s 3g)
oy hl GARGS LOIRE. et ee
. Hamlin 220 2. 1980
» -darrison: : oS erl 286
FE a aie Oe
W.R. Jones es oe... 2 16
« Kelly: oc. O71 eet x OS
. Longacre . 1977-79, 2110
Longacre ... . . 1981
Longacre ... . . 1980
. Maverick-Durand .. 585
. P.R. Maverick . . . 2259
. S.Maverick . . . . 2267
. Marray. 2 eerie. 28286
. Norman... . 2331-32
OULD eo vera hai cae oa ee
. Pekenino .. . 2441=42
. Pelton . . «2489, 2580
« Perking -.* Ee Peas
. Savage. . SORIA UR TAG
« Beetles. owe 4 RIBI- BA
W.D.Smith .'. . . 9953
TQRREE. 0 Rea SUen
Tanner .. . . 3088-98
Thackara & Vallance . 3146
Throop ..°. « «*« 8156
. Tecket 3 eS a a eee
Warnicke .. . . . 3350
Wightman... . . 3358
Willard . , . .. . S371
Willard... . .”. «| . 3392
Woodruff ... . . 3402
Young & Delleker . . A79
Maverick ... . . 2203
TORNBES OS ae a en
BU As. « rw ene eae
ITEM
Frederick William III and
Queen » heettendos
Freemasons Charity School
Fuller, Andrew
Fuller, William
Fulton, Robert .
Fulton First, Launch of
_ Fulton’s Ferry Boat .
Furman, Garrit
Gage’s Lines, Boston
Gaines, Edmund P.
Gallatin, Albert
Gamble, Thomas
Gano, Stephen .
Gansevoort, Peter
Garnett, Thomas
Garrettson, Freeborn
Garrick, David .
Gaston, William
Gates, Horatio .
Gay, John .
Genius of Penmanship
George I—England .
George II— England
George III—England
INDEX
ARTIST
Carter .
Ingham
West
West-Emmet
Barralet
Cummings
Jarvis
Gimbrede .
Waldo
Partridge .
Young .
Partridge .
Stuart
Smith
Paradise
Paradise
Paradise
Cooke
Stuart
Robertson
Beechey
340
ENGRAVER
Edwin
. Leney
Cone .
Gobrecht
. Durand .
. Leney
Leney
Longacre
. Pelton
Tanner
Leney
Durand .
Aitken
. Longacre
. Jones .
Longacre
Annin & Smith
. Hamlin. .
. Pekenino
. Pru@homme
. Leney
. Danforth
. Durand .
. Pru@homme
. EHdwin
. Durand .
Edwin
Norman .
Tiebout .
Gimbrede
Pekenino
. Maverick
. Allardice
Edwin
Maverick
. Allardice
. Boyd .
. Leney
. Allardice
. Boyd .
. Haines
Leney
. Longacre
CHECK LIST
NUMBERS
oo 6S
1886-87
. 420
. 1111
. . 586
1755-56
. L157
. 1982
. 2490
. 3131
. 1888
587
ITEM
George IV — England
George, Prince of Wales
Gerbua, The .
Gerrald, Joseph
Gerry, Elbridge
Gessner, Solomon .
Giants Causeway .
Gibbon, Edward
Gibson, James .
Gifford, William
Gillies, John .
Gilpin, Henry D.
Gilpin’s Mills, Pa.
Girard, Stephen
Glendy, John
Glenn’s Falls
Gloucester, Jeremiah
Gloucester, John .
Gloucester, Wm. Fred., Prine of.
Goldsmith, Oliver .
Goodall, Mrs.
Goodrich, Jesse W.
Gough, Miss
Governor’s Guard .
Grafton, Joseph
Grafton, Duke of .
Graham, Isabella .
INDEX
ARTIST
Wivell
Lawrence .
Vanderlyn
heynolds .
Reynolds .
Reynolds .
Trott
Bogle
Inman .
Doughty
(Caricature) .
Otis e
Lawrence .
Robinson .
Reynolds .
Reynolds .
Reynolds .
Reynolds .
Reynolds .
DeWilde
Graham
Clay .
Goodrich
Jarvis
341
CHECK LIst
ENGRAVER NUMBERS
. Hoogland 1421
. Longacre . 1986
. Willard .-. . 3372
. Leney . 1761
. Revere . 2687
. Tanner . 3090
. Longacre ‘1987- 88
. J.R. Smith . - » 2921
. Hdwin . 769-70
. Harrison . 1295
. Tanner . 3128
. Durand . 590
. Lawson . . 1681
. Pelton . . 9401
: Goodman § Piggot 2088
. Hdwin : 771
Chapin . 3805
. Tucker . 3308
. Dodson . 490
. Steel . . 3038
Charles . 313
. Longacre . 1989
. Hill . 1340
Tiller . . 3240
Tanner-Jones . . 1514, 3091
. Leney . 1875
. Hdwin 772
. Ellis . 969
. Hoogland . 1422
. DLeney . 1762
. Longacre . 1990
. Longacre . 1980
. Neagle . 2304
. Pelton - 2492
. Pekenino . 2445
. Poupard . 2551
. Seymour . 2874
. Steel . . 3006
. Leney . 1763
. Pelton . 2493
. Leney . 1764
. Childs 364
. Annin & Smith . 98
. Haines . 1200
. DLeney . 1765
ITEM
Graham, Isabella .
Granby, Marquis of .
Grand Chartreuse .
Gray, Thomas
Gray’s Ferry, Pa. .
Green Hill, Pa. .
Green, Samuel .
Green, Mr. ..
Greene, Nathaniel .
Greenwoods, Conn.
Grenoble, France .
Grenville, George .
Grey, Miss
Grey, Lady Jane
Griffin, EK. D. 5.
Griswold, Alexander v.
Grove, Henry
Gueule d’Enfer, Bridge on
Gurney, ‘Thomas
Hackett, James H.
Haddril’s Point, S. C.
Hadley’s Falls .
Hallam, Mrs. Lewis
Hamilton, Alexander
INDEX
ARTIST
Jarvis .
Jarvis
Lehman
Peale
Hoffman
Peale
Peale
Bonnetheau
. Northcote .
Wood
Inman .
Thomson
Woolaston.
Inman .
Fraser .
Dunlap .
Sharpless .
Dopvachi
Field
Trumbull .
Robertson
Cerrachi
342
. Leney
CHECK LIST
ENGRAVER NUMBERS
. Leney-Valentine . . . 3337
. Rollinson . . +. . » 9108
. Hatnes . oh ea eee
. Harrison . . « % 1807-8
. Longacre . . . . +. 9185
. Pekenino ... . . 2446
. Ttebout . .enhiniieeee
. Steel... 5 72) eee ee
Trenchard . 3290-91
- Mill . ~ soe ss 1405
. Pelton ... . . « Q494
- Seymour 4. . 9... « 2876
. Edwin
. 101, 773
Gimbrede ... . . 1052
. Longacre . sniew. qoages-
Neagle .... «xjmill, 2. Seceees
. Norman... . . « 9334
3252-53
Trenchard . - 3274
Willard . » > oO?
Trenchard . . . « ~ 3292
Kearny... . « » « 1687
Tisdale
. =Hames.. . . sees eee
. Alls... dite Se
Jocelyn . « +) «\ «> « 1689
. Longacre ... . . 1991
. DLeney... iith dae ee
Dodson. 6. «2, Foe
. Longacre... .s «3 aoe
« LORY ooo) ie oe
Kearny... s « « A688
. Birch oui. i
. Durand 4. «a 3 eee
. Bill vi i ae
. Bill, oe ee eee
. Tiebout..” so eee
. Anderson. ws ss oe ee
Cook ... . . seep eee
. Durand . © seal wopeeee?
. Fairman .... « 988
. Bield. . .. Bigat) fee
. Graham . .. » . ~» A163
Graham . ... . . 1164
1769-70
ITEM
Hamilton, Alexander
Hamilton, James .
Hamilton Memorial .
Hamilton Monument
Hamilton, Lady
Hamline, L. L. .
Hampden, John
Hampton, Md. . .
Hampton Beach, Mass. .
Hancock, John .
Hand-in-Hand Soc.
Hannah, John .
Hannum, William
Hanson, Alex. Contee
Haralson, H. A.
eee oe 8
Harmon, Daniel Wm.
Harper’s Ferry, Va. .
Harrisburg, Pa.—Capitol .
Harrison, William H.
Hart, N.C.
Hartford, Conn.
Hartford Convention
Hartley, Mrs.
Harvard College
Harvey, William .
Harwood, John Edmund
INDEX
ARTIST
Ames
Ames
Robertson
Robertson
Robertson
Strickland
Romney
Pine .
Birch
Kidder .
Copley .
Copley .
‘.
Paradise
Graham
Jarvis
Hicholiz
Schroeder .
. Doughty
Doughty
Lambdin .
Wood
Hott .
Paradise
Barber .
(Caricature) .
. Leney :
. Annin & Smith
. Bowen
Roberts
Fisher
Fisher
Fisher
Field.
343
ENGRAVER
. Leney
- Hoogland
. Jones .
Middleton .
. Pru@homme
. Rollinson
Rollinson
Tanner
Longacre
Scoles
. Plocher
Gimbrede
. Pru@homme
Prudhomme
. Birch .
. Bowen
Longacre
. Norman .
. Pelton
. Revere
fetes slo. s Seymour
(Certificate) .
. Danforth
. Leney
. Edwin
Strickland .
Kelly .
Pekenino
. Leney
Steel .
Tucker
Frederick
. Dodson
. Jones .
. Pelton
Tanner & Co.
Willard .
. Paradise .
Willard .
Charles
Torrey
. Jones .
. Edwin
CHECK LIST
NUMBERS
- 1768
. 1423
- 1515
. 2272
. 2576
. 2709
. 2710
. 3092
. 2120
. 2833
. 2546
. 1053
~ 2577
. 2578
198
oa eS
1994-96
- 2335
. 2495
. 2668
. 2871
. 3067
. 442
. 1771
. TTA
. 1604
~ 247
- 1772
. 3028
. 3321
. 1018
- 492
. 1516
. 2496
. 3111
. 3373
. 2399
. 3396
. 333
~ 1773
109
. 229
. 3273
. 1517
115
ITEM
Hauser, Casper
Haverstock Hill
Hawes, Joel . :
Hawkesworth, John .
Hayne, Robert Y. .
Heath, William
Heber, Reginald
Hedding, Elijah
Hell-Gate, N. Y.
Helmuth, J. H.C. .
Helvetius .
Hemans, Felicia
Henderson, Mr.
Henley, John
Henlopen Lighthouse
Henry, Mr. ‘
Henry, Matthew
Henry, Patrick .
Henry IV— England
Henry IV —France
Henry V—England .
Henry VIII—England .
Hermitage, The
Hervey, James .
Heseltine, James .
Hewes, George R. T. .
Hewes, Joseph .
Heyward, Thomas
Hibbard, B.
Hibernian Soutety, Phila.
Hibernian Society, S. C.
Hicks, Elias .
Hidden, Samuel
Highlands on Hudson
INDEX
ARTIST
Freebairn .
Hewins .
Longacre .
Williams
Paradise
Pine .
Shaw
Barr .
Otis .
Ramberg .
W oolaston
Sully
Birch
ee ;
H ee a
(Certificate) .
Fairman
Imman .
Doughty
B44
CHECK LIST
ENGRAVER NUMBERS
. Pelton . 2497
. Childs . 865
. Pelton . 2498
. Edwin . . T6
. Longacre . 1997
. Norman . . 2336
. JR. Smith . . 2922
. Longacre . 2137
. Durand . . 693
. Pru@homme . 2579
. Hill . 1343
. Tiebout . Y . . 3210
‘ Goodman § Piggo seta LIS
. Clark . . AO]
. Pelton . 2499
. Leney / 1th
. Leney - 1175
Trenchard . . 3293
Tiebout . . 3174
Chorley . . 390
Kearny . . 1566
. Longacre . 1998
. Morse . 2278
. Leney . 176
. Edwin : ara bi |
. Scot & Allardice . . 2858
. Galland . : . 1023
. . Boyd . . 256
. . Deney ~ 1017
. Leney . 1778
. Steel . . 8029
Tanner 3093
. Gaw . 1030
. Leney 1779
. Anderson 54
Kearny . 1567
. Longacre 1999
. Danforth 443
Houston . 1468
. Anderson 65
. Childs 346
. Maverick . 2205
. Steel . . 8007
. Dearborn - . A
Tucker . 3320
ITEM
Hilson, Ellen Augusta .
Hilson, Thomas
Hill, George H.
Hill, Rowland .
Hill, Lord Rowland .
Hills’ Drawing Book .
Hill-Tops, The .
Hiscox, Thomas
Hitchcock, Enos
Hobart, John Henry .
Hoboken, N. J. .
Hodgkinson, John
Hodgkinson, Mrs. John
Hohenlohe, Prince Gustavus .
Holcombe, Henry .
Holley, Horace.
Hollis, Thomas .
Holman, Mr. ‘
Holmes, Henry .
Holyoke, Edward .
Homer. .
Hone, Philip
Honeyman, James
Hook, Theodore E.
Hoole, John .
Hooper, William .
Hopkins, Samuel .
Hopkinson, Francis .
Horace
Horne, George .
Horry, Elias ae
Horry, Mary Shubrick .
Horry, Thomas
Horsley, Samuel
INDEX
CHECK LIST
ARTIST ENGRAVER NUMBERS:
Neagle . . . Durand. .... . 6594
Neagle . . . Durand. .... . 595
Pwibitign ws! .. Kelly... = Saat 2.1608
Mot me his es LeOngaere derogit.. < 8188
« )Seolea |: . recon of tee STS
«) BOOtda es, “Daskeren ey oeBRO
of AE ee po a.) QR, ISAS
Callender . .. . . 294
OROG 5 sb neo . 2371
soaepesecet’ .: . Homlen. 3. ° eed re 1233- 34
Paradise . . Mam... . . ... 9161
Paradise . . Paradise . .. . . 2400
Births... <<, BW ess dave eae lan
Groombridge Leney ..... .1%80
ae een es. SaOlée ie ate ny. OTRG
Dunlap. . . Tiebout . ... . 3175
Shy od ee win. a. 2 A NOOO Maga oka 3176-77
Dunlap i . Tiebouti tice). ie er BUT
«oat teh? . Demgaeré inca tt “ers rear 2000
OOM gos Se 2a ee
jc.< Adee . 2 ORDO 62 oS Rss. we al00e
Staartavess.. Kelly cu) Jie 1606
Pélhamins® . Péelham> =... . < 9466
Grahams. Loney... « s+ « « 181
ep oe ary, SOmguere om 3. GOCE
siti chek PQ 6 a oa dd ol GABE
Desierto . Bdwitee ow eS TTY
. Johnston .... . 1487
<: LOR BY RECAST hahaa th sn TBO
Siete. Mavertohics.28 2, 36nd 2208
Peale. oe Dardnds. Saber) i606
GO oe a UGG. Se 5 OSTR
Seed SE OAGOR eS) iat ns, SARS
it ue ee.) Maverick. ©... . BROT
. Pelham... . Pelham... . . +» 2468
Ga Mee} « ACER af. Vwedy., - 2652
Pine. .¢.) . Bongactéei ii 2002- 3
Pine. . . . Longacre-Nesmith . . 2317
. Rollinson... . . 2711
oes ew a Ts Comnbredé.. 3. ties eek OG
Olwer . . . Longacre .. . . . 2604
Frazer... .. . Longacre oe a.0y 4; 2005
Frazer: . . Longacre .. . . . 2006
Praverives. Steel yoo. . . . . 3008
Dighton .. Leney .... . . 1783
345
ITEM
Horses . .
Horton, James .
Hosack, David .
Hosmer, Harriet C.
Hottentot Woman
Houston, Samuel .
Howard, John .
Howard, John Eager
Howe, Ad. Richard
Hubbard, Nehim .
Hudson, Seth
Hudson, N.Y. .
Hudson River .
Hudson Highlands
Hudson, U.S. Frigate .
Hudson, near Fishkill
Hudson and Mohawk Rivers .
Hugh Capet. .
Hughes, John
Hull, Isaac
Hull, Mr. .
Humane Society, Phila.
Humboldt, Alex. von
Hume, David
Humphrey, David
Hunt, James H. Leigh
Hunter, John
Hunter, William
Huntington, Samuel .
Huntington, S. .
Hurd, Nathaniel
4
INDEX
ARTIST
Byrd
. Sully
Harding
Shumway .
Robertson .
Fraser .
Wall
(Map) .
Kneller
Stuart .
Stuart .
Williams
DeWilde
Roberts
Graham
(Certificate) .
Jacobs .
Reynolds .
(Medal )
Severn .
Edwards
Hurlstone
346
. Lawson . «2. s\n Gee
. Leney ..... « 1788
. Longacre ... . . 2007
CHECK LIST
ENGRAVER NUMBERS
. Hill 1336-39
. W.D. Smith - 2954
. Durand . . + vo. 3) 697
. Pelton . 2500
. Scoles . 2854
. Pelton - . . 2501
. Thackara & Vallance . 3147
. Pru@homme .. 2580
. Tanner & Co. . 3112
. Jocelyn . . 1540
. Hurd. . 1475
. Hill . 1340
Cooke . 483
- Graham . hE%2
. Hill . 1341
. Hewitt <a
. Bennett . 2°. 35 oe ee
. Steel . . 3038
. Maverick . 2242
- Galland . - 1021
. Leney . 1784
. Edwin . 780-82
. Graham . . 1165
. J.R. Smith . . 2923
. Strickland . . 3047
. Leney . 1785
. Leney . 1786
. Leney . 1787
Smither . . 2983
. Pru@homme . 2581
. Boyd . Q57
Scot & Allardice . . 2859
. Maverick ... . « 2958
. Edwin . 783
. Pru@homme - 2582
Yeager . 3492
. Durand « . . . .) . 698
. Jones . . 1518
. Longacre . 2008
. Hoogland - 1424
. Pelton . 2502
. Jennys (?). . . 1482
ITEM
Hutton, John S.
Hyde, Alvan
Hymn Tunes
Tlay . Are
Indian Mounds .
Indian Pipes ae
Indian Queen Hotel .
Infancy of Scottish Music .
Ingalls, William
Ingham, Samuel D.
Inglis, James
Irving, Edward
Irving, Washington
Isis Magna Mater .
Iturbide, Augustin de
Jackson, Andrew .
INDEX
ARTIST
Elwell .
(Title-page) .
Livingston
Cosway
Williams
Longacre .
Wood
Newton
Leslie
(Caricature) .
Wood .
Wheeler
Dodge
Vanderlyn
Wood
Wheeler
Wood
Earl .
Sully
Wood
Longacre .
Waldo .
Wood
Jarvis
Earl .
347
CHECK LIST
ENGRAVER NUMBERS
. Longacre . 2009
Pelton . 2503
Allen . 34
. Seymour . 2890
Gridley . 1185
Tiebout . 3211
Maverick . 2264
Harrison . 1315
Edwin «939
. Lavigne . . 1675
. Longacre . 2010
Throop . , . 3156
. Jocelyn-Munson . . 1541
. Annin & Smith age SOR
- Danforth » 444-45
Kneass . 1649
. Willard . . 3374
. Edwin 924,
. Durand . 599
Akin . 16
Childs 347
. Edwin P 784:
. Hdwin-Murray 855 |
. Danforth 446
. Dearborn ATA
. Durand . es 600
Fairman & Childs 989
Gimbrede 1055-57
Goodman & Piggot . . 1140
. Harrison , . 1287
. Kearny = bee
. Kelly . . 1607
Longacre . 2014, 2020
. Longacre . 2012
Longacre - 2015, 2018
. Longacre 2013, 2016-17
. Longacre . 2011, 2019
. Maverick . 2208
Mawerick . 2209
. Moore . 2276
. Phillips . . 2541
Pru@homme . 2583
Reed & Stiles . . 2652
ITEM
Jackson, Andrew .
Jackson, David .
Jackson, James
Jaebbs Bi ow ee Vege
James I— England
James II—England .
James, Thomas C. .
James River, Va. .
Jay, John .
Jay, William
Jefferson, Joseph .
Jefferson, J., and F. Blisset
Jefferson, Thomas
INDEX
ARTIST
Wood
Wood
Robertson .
Wood
Fraser .
Stuart
Fairman
Stuart
Stuart
Stuart .
Bramwhite
Neagle .
Leslie
(Caricature) .
Peale
Peale
Stuart
Stuart
(Caricature) .
Otis .
Stuart
Smith
Otis . .
Stuart
Savage .
Peale
348
CHECK LIST
ENGRAVER NUMBERS
W.D. Smith . 2955
. Steel . . 3009
. Strickland . . 3048
Tanner & Co. . 8111
Willard « wl Sere
. Bdwin. . . Gea eeeoe
. Maverick » « » 2210
. Annin oo 3. Ve ees
. Scot & Allardice . . 2860
. Scot & Allardice . . . 2861
Neagle . « 2305
Childs... \. 22 G.ieees
. Darand . . «#mibgeeees
Hooker . . « 1442
. Leney 1789 —90
Maverick . 2211
Tiebout . . . 3179
. Durand... « « Gene
Edwin). 2." CORRS
Johnston : . 1488
Edwin 3). 3 koe eT:
Akin. .. to Apes
. Akin& Harrison. . . 17%
. Hdwin» «29. ene
» Bdwitt«. 160 aa ae
. Edwin . 788, 855
. Field . . 1001
Field . . - 1005
Gimbrede 1058-59
Gridley . . 1180
. Harrison . 1988
Kelly . . 1608
. Longacre 2021-23
. Longacre : - 2025
. Longacre-Meyer . . 2024
Maverick . 2219
. Neagle . 2306
. Pelton . 2504
. Pelton . . 2530
. Rawdon . . 2637
. Savage . 2746
. Scoles . 2787
Tanner . 3094
Tiebout . + Leg
Tiebout . 3180-81
ITEM
Jefferson, Thomas
Jemappe, Battle of
Jenkins, John .
Jenyns, Soame .
Jerningham, Edward
Jerusalem
Jesus Christ .
John Bull at Alexandria
John Bull and Brother Jona-
than . a
John Bull and Columbia
John Bull in Cockpit
John Bull in Distress
John Bull’s Frolic
John Bull and Hornets .
John Bull and the Wasp
John Bull,Wasp and Hornets
John Bull at Baltimore .
John Bull at New Orleans .
John Bulland Perry. . .
John Bull and Ship-Baker
Johnson, Richard M.
Johnson, R. M., Charge of
Johnson, Samuel, of N. Y.
Johnson, Samuel
Johnston, Josiah S.
Jones, Absalom
INDEX
ARTIST
Buck
Craig
Craig
Correggio .
Guido
(Caricature) .
(Caricature) .
(Caricature) .
(Caricature) .
(Caricature) .
(Caricature) .
(Caricature) .
(Caricature) .
(Caricature) .
(Caricature) .
(Caricature) .
(Caricature) .
(Caricature) .
Wood
Wood
Reynolds .
Brown .
King
Peale
349
CHECK LIST
ENGRAVER NUMBERS
Willard . 3376-77
Woodruf’ . . 3406
Tisdale . 3270
. Leney . 1791
. Maverick . 2213
. Houston . 1459
. Leney . 1792
Kelly . . 1634
. Main . . 2164
Gimbrede . 1106
. Paradise . 2416
Pekenino ... . . 2458
CLROTIORL aire. i, SIE
RGSS SO a 4 eS
ageless ee RS
Charles? icc. ts $ gore eBI9
Dootittie.... {2 308, .c00584
Thackara 3152
Charlee 6 2 a. 880
Charles: 0 aretha B21
Chariog. 4) 8 eeeeeG
Charles 317
Charles 318
Charles 322
Charles . 315
. Harrison 1280
Neagle 9307
. Rawson . 2638
. Leney : . « 1794
ee os Oa eS Tok IS
. Edwin 790-92
. Fairman pal 990
Goodman & Piggot . . 1141
. iil ; . 1371
. Kelly . 1609
. Leney 1793
. Longacre 1980
. Maverick 2014
. Pelton . 2505
. Schwartz . « 2766
Scoles 2788-89
Steel . . 3010
. Longacre 2027
. Jones . . 1519
ITEM
Jones, George
Jones, Jacob
Jones, John .
Jones, John Paul .
Jones, Sir William
Jones Falls, Md.
Jonson, Ben .
Josephus Flavius .
Judgment Hall, Jerusalem
Judson, Ann H.
Juniata River
Junius .
Jura Mountains
Justice
Kaffir Woman
Kean, Charles
Kean, Edmund .
Keith, Isaac Stockton
Kelly, Lydia
Kelly, Mrs.
Kemble, John Philip .
Kemble, Mrs. S.
Kemp, James
Ken, Thomas
Kennedy, William M.
Kent, James .
Kenton, Simon .
Kenyon College
Kilpin, S. .
Killarney, Lake
King, Rufus
INDEX
ARTIST
A gate
Peale
Peale
Peale
Devis
Shaw
Rogers .
Rogers .
Doughty
Corbould .
Corbould .
Neagle .
Smith
Neagle .
DeWilde
Stuart .
DeWilde
Peale
Loggan .
Spencer
Morgan
Nash
Stuart
Wood
350
CHECK LIST
ENGRAVER NUMBERS
. Durand . 603
. EHdwin 193
. Delleker . 480
. Leney 1795
. Longacre - 2026
Paradise . 2401
. Pru@homme . 2584
. Rawdon & Co. 2643
. Haines 1203
Hill 1343
. Longacre 2140
. Durand . 604
Maverick . 2215
Neagle 2308
. Scoles . 2790
. W.D. Smith . 2956
. Peabody . . 2422
Cone . 421
Dodson . 493
. Longacre . 2028
. Ellis 978
. Anderson 55
Pekenino . 2448
. Seymour - 2890
Clarke 418
. Scoles . 2852
. Goodman 1121
. Jocelyn-Munson . . . 1542
Goodman & Piggot . . 1142
. Longacre . 2029
. Leney 1796
Edwin 795
. Houston . 1460
. Leney 1797
. Schwartz . 2767
. Humphrys . . 1471
W.D. Smith . 2957
. Durand . 605
. Dodson . 494
. Hamm 1259
Jocelyn . 1543
. Harrison . 1296
. Kelly . 1610
Leney 1798
ITEM
King Henry VI
Kneeland, Abner .
Knight, Nehemiah R.
Knowles, James D.
Knox, Henry
Knox, John .
Knox, Vicesimus .
Koenigstein, Saxony .
Kollock, Henry
Kosciuszko, Thaddeus
Kosciuszko’s Monument
Kotzebue, A. F. F. von.
Koutousoff, Prince
‘La Couture, Madame
Lafayette, Marquis de
Laight, Col., Camp of
Lake Champlain, Battle of
Lake Erie, Battle of .
INDEX
ARTIST
Miller
Young .
Doyle
Peale
Stuart
Savage .
Oliver
Douglass
Grassi
Scheffer
Ingham
Scheffer
Scheffer
Paon
Peale
Reinagle
351
CHECK LIST
ENGRAVER | NUMBERS
- Michel-Leney . . 1909
ET aera. ates Re SL
. Sanford . . 2739
CHOI ire he BET
Edwin . 197, 796
Longacre ... . . 2030
Normans. 6b 0 2 38 REBT
Pru@homme .. . . 2585
«2 SAVAGO rhe in it hy hg QIAT
. Rollinson . .. . . 2719
on MOLI es tee”, Sake iA POLY
if DPOYION ed 2 a A
. Longacre 2031-32
Cherkaic® stk Me et AO?
Froustone es 6 PAB
DeGes its ie Canais ole 8701
FS ee’ Ti ee oe B42
Charen is. a 4. eee aS
Hoa apne soap iO}
Pain wh Rees 79s
Maverick 204 404i v 2016
Smither . . . . . « 2976
. Annin & Smith 95-96
Clarkes. 6 a ke 404
Danforth .... . 447
« Danforth. <..%.° 4 22) (AAS
. Durand . « se 606-7
. Fairman-Childs . . . 348
A C1 here area eitnaes gear be V0
- Hoogland ... . . 1425
Ce TR COERG Co PRS Tete bes
. Longacre... . . «2083
. S. Maverick . 2268, 71
PUM avariok =. -« «5 QRht
eon NV OFIRGR Ss de ee BSS
SpE Oa ie altel, 4 ee
Pete eee NEO
PErking ceo oe 1 ee BESS
Tanner: “ese 6, 66 8005
Willard . . ..% . 3378
. Woodruff ... . . 3403
. Kneass-Young . . . 1662
Reed. vs.» wrt 6 2659
Maverick 9934-35
ITEM ARTIST
Lake Erie, Battle of . te earny
Lake George Cole ;
Lake George, Battle of . Blodget
Lake Ontario pe Mais
Lambton, William H. Hickel .
Landscape
Lander, John
Lander, Richard . to ene hae
Landing at Jamestown . Chapman .
Landsdown, Pa. . Birch
Lane, George
Langhans’ Tomb
Lapland :
Lapland Lady .
Lapland Magical Drum
Laplanders
Laplanders, Dress ap! ne eae
Larned, Sylvester . Metcalf
Last Supper, The . da Vinei
Lathrop, John .
Laurens, Henry pe ae
Peale
Laurens, Martha .
Lauretta .
Lavater, J. C.
Lavinia
Lavoisier, Antoine L. °. es asm
Lawrence, James . Stuart
Stuart
Stuart
Lawrence, Death of Capt.
Lawrence Monument Pai tite yk Sits
Lawrence Benevolent Soc., Pa. (Certificate) .
Lay, Benjamin . gh ee oe
Leavitt, Jonathan . Wentworth
Lee, Henry . Stuart
Lee, Richard Henrys
INDEX
352
ENGRAVER
Murray & Co.
Sanford .
Chapin
Maverick
. Johnston
Harrison
. Leney
Murray .
Pru@homme
. Pru@homme
. Danforth
Birch .
Paradise
Tiebout .
Maverick
Kneass
Kneass
Kneass
Akin .
. Durand .
Kearny
Edwin
Edwin
. Neagle
. Norman .
Dodson .
Revere
Hill
Graham .
. Hill
Edwin
. Edwin
Edwin
Leney
. Rollinson :
Reed & Stiles .
Strickland .
. Rawdon .
. Harrison
Strickland .
Dawkins
Kneass
. Jocelyn .
. Pru@homme
Ellis. .
CHECK LIST
NUMBERS
2288-89
. 2742
eet
. 9243
. 1501
. 1816
. 1799
. 2291
. 2586
. 2687
456
. 200
. 2402
. 3212
. 9245
. 1666
. 1668
. 1667
a7
608
1582-83
799
800
ITEM
Lee, Richard Henry .
Leffingwell, William .
LeKain, Henri Louis
LeoX . A
LeoXII ..
Lesley, Alexander _
Lesley, David
Lewes, Lee
Lewis, Francis
Lewis, Meriwether
Lewis, Morgan .
Lewis, William .
Lewis, William Thomas .
Lexington-Concord Battle .
Lexington Battle .
Lexington Green, Mass.
Liberty as Goddess of Youth .
Lincoln, Benjamin
Linn, John Blair
Lipari Volcano
Livermore, Harriet
Livingston, Brockholst .
Livingston, John H. .
Livingston, Philip
Livingston, Robert R.
Livingston, Henry— Residence
Livingston Saw Mill .
Livingston Monument
Loch Leven .
Locke, John .
-Logan, James
Logan ee Chief .
London
INDEX
353
CHECK LIST
ARTIST ENGRAVER NUMBERS
Maverick-Longacre
; 2034, 2218
Ri ooh ame Willard .-. . « . «8379
Jocelyn Jocelyn ... . . . . 1545
seiGReEe ¢ diate. erg ld he B05
Hedin coed A S808
ae eee Longacre ... . . 2035
Villeneuve Steer wae ta 48 7 BOTT
Jansen . Tiebout™ 6 0. 0, 8183
pa oe ev Oe TUONO oe BSS
DeWilde DORR OS cab i ee BO}
Saree tabs Wright 2. eRe R SL
St. Memin . Strickland . . . . . 8050
Herring <Dardnd... (emo e608
Herring . Paradise .. . . 2403
Stuart Gnade & Piggat +. . 1143
ee ae « LhOUstON a . 1462
Earle . Doolittle ... - 526- 29
Se iieais Doolitile-Barber . . 525
Tisdale . 5 PROB ORR sx o47 16 taciew 1 seen
apices Go SARE baa pe gb! Fads po pak wee
Savage . ; eBatage 5 TB
ere g ts 3 . Norman << . wo... 2840
Sargent . J.R. Smith. . . . . 2924
: . Tanner ety 8). 8096
cp ae eal S. Pannen oe see Shae
Waldo& Jewett Longacre . . . . . 2036
Martin . . Pru@homme .. . . 2589
ivan 73 so WAR BS ae ee ote ae.
Stuart 0 PAP ATOTE Fie 6 OR ee TEBO
Longacre . . . . . 2087
Pelion 24 VR Se 2006
Longacre ... . s » 2038
ro ene Pru@homme .. . . 2590
. Stuart i GPG ES aks sn BG
DONO. 2 ce er eS ARP IBOS
bog ERENT Tiebout. . . Wo . SQTh
Livingston Tiebout 2's wes O8Q15
Lenhart Wagner... . . . S347
Seymour. . . . . . 2889
ji aps » BAD FES Fer SOT
Kneller . . Harrison .. . .. .*s 1281
Longacre .. . . . 2039
Anderson... MARR VSB
Harrison: 4) 425 2 RGF
ITEM
Lottery—Waite’s .
Louis IX—France
Louis XIII—France .
Louis XI V—France
Louis XVI—France .
Louis X VI and Marie Antoi-
nette AMER Eb
Louis X VI—France .
Louis X VIII—France .
Louisbourg .
Lowth, Robert .
Loyola, Ignatius
Luther, Martin
Lyman, Joseph
Lynch, Thomas, Jr. .
Lynnhaven Bay, Va.
Lyon, Patrick .
Lystra, Ky.
McCrea, Jane
McCrie, Thomas
McFarland, Francis F. .
“McFingal,” Trumbull’s
McHenry, James .
McJilton, Daniel .
McKean, Thomas .
McKendree, William
McKnight, Dr. .
McLane, Louis .
INDEX
ARTIST
Shaw
Holbein ©
Jageman
Kranach
Shaw
Neagle .
Smirke .
Ritchie .
Wood
Dunlap
(Illustrations)
(Illustrations)
Jackson
Stuart
Stuart
King
Jarvis
Paradise
Newton
B54
CHECK List
ENGRAVER NUMBERS
Humphrys . . . . . 1474
Bowes oy >
Smither 2 3) ti. ae
Smtther 200° (28 ems
Edwin .écnbveer bees
Edwin... sms Ga a eee
Willard ..- . «4 4/8885
Edwin © o> ierets, 5B
Willard . . 3 vos 8885
Pelham... 4 ind es
Edwin... Sia eee
Chorley. oxen AeBee
Clarke... han sees
Bowen hss ia eae ee
Eckstein . . . . . 684
Edwin int ae TE Re
Longacre ... . . 2040
Rawdon wo ick nA RGB
Scobewwr, . soe 5 REE
Snyder: 2d) setts 2 RROOs
W.D.Smith . . ... 2958
. Pelton ive eee
Longacre ... . . 2041
. Hib. ea
. Kelly... . ogee eae
. Akin... i eee
Tanner is} sae ae Sse
« Atte. 5 eee TA
Tucker. 6-9" so -8 ae eee
. Edwin sk see
. Beney:.:. alias. apeeeeieGs
Tisdale . . . . 3261-3268
Willard . . .°.. «8398
Longacre . . . « « 2042
. Piggott. «aa. aaa
Edwin ts sat ite BS
Longacre .. . . . 2043
Tiebout >...» oes BIBS
. Edwin... . tee ae
Gimbrede . .. . . 1062
Longacre ... . » 2044
Leney «teies) ai end eee
. Kelly... i
ITEM
McLean Asylum, Mass. .
McLeod, Alexander .
MeNiece, John .
McNeil, John
Macdonough, ‘Thomas
Macdonough Farmhouse
Macdonough’s Victory .
Macready, William C.
Macgregor, Rob Roy
Macklin, Charles
Ma-Nuncue .
Macomb, Alexander .
Macpherson Blues
Maewhorter, Alexander
Madison, Dorothy T. P. .
Madison, James
_ Maelstrom, The
Maffitt, John N.
Magdalama, Queen
Maine, Map of .
Malbone, Edward G.
Malherbe, Francois
Manchester, Duke of
Manheim Family, The
Mannets, Joseph M. .
Manning, James
Mansfield, Earl of
°
INDEX
355
CHECK LIST
ARTIST ENGRAVER NUMBERS
Billing . - G.G. Smith . 2913
Waldo & Jewett Durand . . 610
Bailie Leney . 1805
Willard Pelton . 2508
Lewis . Annin 15
ee Delleker . . 481
Jarvis Gimbrede . 1061
Gimbrede . 1060
Reed & Stiles . . 2658
a ae ae Strickland . . 3051
Reinagle Childs 367
Corne Hoogland . 1437
Reinagle Tanner . 3134
.» Neagle . Durand . 611
Inman . Durand . . 612
Jackson . Longacre - 2045
Kneass-Young . 1654
i: Edwin 816
Paradise Durand . . G14
Sully Longacre . 2046
Barralet Lawson . . 1693
aeneehs Leney . 1806
Stuart Edwin Stats tebe
Otis . Goodman & Piggot . . 1144
Wood . Prud@homme . 2591
Stuart Edwin Sli
Sully Edwin 818
v3 88 em aha ts Edwin-Murray . 855
Gimbrede . . Jones . ; . 1521
Stuart Jones . . 1520
Stuart . Leney . 1807-8
Otis . . Neagle . 2310
Rawdon . . 2637
dats Willard . . 3380
Livingston Tiebout . 3216
Hill . Kelly . . 1614
ina Vee! Re Tiller . . 3249
. Carleton Norman . . 2362
Gimbrede . 1063
Peer ie Hill . 1378
Peters Leney . 1809
Folwell . Maverick . 2262
Durand . «618
Hamlin . . 1235
Haines . 1204
ITEM
Manutius, Aldus
Mara, Madame .
Marat, Death of
Marcus Sextus .
Mareschal, Ambrose
Maria Cristina,— Spain
Maria Louisa—France .
Marie Antoinette— France
Mariner, Mr. .. .
Market St. Bridge, Phila.
Marlborough, Duke of .
Marmont, A. F. L. V.
Mars, Mademoiselle .
Marsden, Joshua
Marshall, John .
Martin, John E.
Martin, Luther
Martindale, S.
Martyn, Henry
Martyr, Mrs. ‘
Mary, Queen of Scots
Maryland Paper Money
Mason, John M.
Mason, William
Masonic Certificate
Masonic Frontispiece
Masonicus .
Massachusetts, Arms of
Massachusetts, Map of .
Massachusetts Bay
Massachusetts Commission
INDEX
ARTIST
Fouquel
Guerin .
Tilyard
Guerand
Birch
Paradise
Paul .
Inman
Wood
Martin .
Paradise
. _DeWilde
Graham
Zuccaro
Jarvis
Robertson .
Gardner
Porter .
Massachusetts General Hospital .
356
CHECK LIST
ENGRAVER NUMBERS
. Edwin. 2) ea. eee
. Leney © . 5k ee
Graham... 2 ee
Hooker .: sy settee iae eee
. Longacre / . . . , 2047
. Hoogland . .. . . 1426
. Edwin oo! Ges ee ee
Leney 5! as Ge eee
Willard . 3 = eee
. Bowen® so 2 eee
Seymour... . . 2885
Gimbrede . . .. . . 1064
Tanner& Co. . .'. . 3118
Jocelyn-Munson . . . 1546
Gimbrede ... . . 1065
Hdwit oo. > 2 oe ee eee
Durand... © es G16
. Kearny |. aie eee
Scoles’) .. <3 eae
Bdwin—. . 600 ASS
W.D.Smith . . . . 2959
Oook 00:5. cts. eee
Longacre ... . . 2048
. Pru@homme .. . . 2592
.. Loney 5 “se eee
. Longacre ... . . . 2049
. « Letey eae eee
. Sparrow. . . . « . 2998
Durand sO
Graham). =. se Te
Rollinson . . . . . QT14
Bowee 4. kN a eee
Edwin -. we". eres
Doolittle. °°. .\ , Waiseene
. Hurd... ot ae
Longacre ... . . 2154
. Revere <ive. aeeeoee
. Rollinson .
. Scot. <u Sao
. Leney wo. save eee
Q725—Q7
Trenchard . .. . . 38280
Callender .... . 298
. Strickland . . . . . 3072
. Hurd » 1. eee
. Annin& Smith . . . 110
INDEX
CHECK LIST
ITEM ARTIST ENGRAVER NUMBERS
Massachusetts General Hospital Penniman . Bowen . 230
Massachusett Loan Certificate Hurd . . 1479
Massachusetts Medical College Annin tee BSB
Massena, André pe. Tanner &Co. . . . . 3113
Massinger, Philip . Longacre ... . . 2140
eh hl . Paradise *. . . . « 2404
Master of Ships, Society of Barralet RR a ASB
Mastoden, The . res, Peale 2 MS See. dee EAGT
Mather, Cotton Pelham . « POURRA EBD
Mather, Increase . Bomts GF
Johnson . . . . «... 1500
Pelion .... . . 2509
Mather, Richard HOM ET SS a ee ORD
Mathews, J. McF. . Waldo & Jewett DURORE Fag 8 Oi eo ee ED
Matlock High Torr eee ORR ee ng ROG
Matteawan, N.Y. . v sag bt ed WP y tes te. ak . 1344
Matthews, Charles Johnston . Johnston 1489 — 91
<7 eae Sooles ee eT
Matthias, 1B. es ; Paradise Derand? 3.0. areas
Mauch Chunk Coal Woks . Doolittle .... . . 8836
Mavor, William Tiebout 2.05 600 2 5 S186
Mayhew, Jonathan . Jennys.” .. ease Eels
zi see ae ~ + LEVSTE?”.. OPA 5 RAROTD
Mead, Richard. . Ramsay ‘FORGES Lo et RR eae
Medici, Lorenzo de yaar’ s! .. Bdwin: osaseecnl eo Ree
Mechanics Benevolent Soc. (Certificate) . Murray . . . . . . 2292
Meigs, Return Jonathan Lawrence . Longacre .. . . . 2050
Mellimelni, Suliman . ETN Ss, Bawin, | 2 3ees4, 825
Melmoth, Mrs. . Dunlap . Tiebout.. . soy eo BS18T
Melville, H. Oe Longacre §. 3 . = «9188
Memphis, Egypt Craig HOH A OP 2 es ee ies
Mendenhall Ferry, Pa. . Birch as ES EPETE SS GR let ee eee
Mendelssohn, Moses . HST oa BON Se
“Mercury” : a ke a , Anessa.) tara ae
Merion Meeting Pie: Pa. Reinagle « Wheel oo. . renin Wo ORD
Merry, Robert . IO STAT ee 2 ee ore
Merry, Mrs. . Baty OS a ee ee
ap aaa ae OREO es Ft ae
DeWilde 6 DOREY CO Te paren Deke
Mervin, Samuel Paradise Paradise... . . 2405
Michel Angelo . Piombo . Pisbout 22) 2 ae SLE
Mico-Chlucco Bartram. . Trenchard. . . « . 3815
Middle Colonies (Map) . « Parner. (ese? jl eson
Middleton, Arthur West . Longacre ... . . 2051
Middleton, Mr. . Roberts 5, AOA G SF RS ake aha a
357
ITEM
Mifflin, ‘Thomas
Milan, Italy .
Militia Muster .
Milledoler, Philip .
Miller, Edward
Miller, Miss .
Milnor, James
Milton, John
Minisink, Pa.
Minot, G. R. ,
Minshull, John . 3
Mirza, Aboo Al Hassan .
Mitchell, Edward .
Mitchell, Samuel L.
Mitchell, Mr. .
Mitchell’s Lighthouse
Mitered Minuet
Modern Dandies
Modern Spectacles
Mohawk River .
Molay, Jacques de
Moliére :
Moncrif, F. A. P. .
Monmouth, James Duke
Monmouthshire, England .
Monroe, James .
Montagu, Elizabeth R. .
Montagu, Mary W.
Montgomery, James .
INDEX
ARTIST ENGRAVER NUMBERS
Stuart Bridport . 295
Giosafatti . . Horton . 1451
Me day ee Anderson 70
Waldo& Jewett Durand . 619
a Tn, ste . Leney 1819-20
DeWilde . Leney . 1818
Waldo §& Jewett Durand . 620
oop Ula: nS ean ee 57
Haines . 1205
BBs eee . Hamm . 1256
Cooper . . Hoogland . 1427
. Johnston . 1492
Longacre . 2135
. Norman . . 2341
Pekenino . 2449
. Pru@homme . 2593
at a, ened . Scoles . 2794
Hoffman . Scoles » 2834
Harris . 1276
. Scoles » 2795
6s 2 a clinenn tae eee . 827
Waldo & Jewett Maverick . 2219
Jarvis . Durand . - 621
Weaver Scoles . 2796
Inderwick . . Leney 1889
opal so Vis. eee ie 2688
(Caricature). Charles . 335
(Caricature). Charles . 338
Livingston Tiebout . 3217
Baquoy Tanner. . . 3098
baat cs Clarke 406
Hill 1371
ea ae . Scoles - 2821
Pocock . » ITC Ee aes 154
~ 2 e « . 6 Hdwin-Murray 855
Vanderlyn . Durand . >! Ae O22
Vanderlyn Gimbrede 1066-67
King Goodman & Piggot . . 1145
Otis . . Goodman & Piggot . . 1146
Vanderlyn . Peabody . 2418
be pre Es . 3381
. Edwin . 828
. Smither . . 2979
Pp are . Bowen sh:
Chantry . Jones . - 1523
358
CHECK LIST
ITEM
Montgomery, Richard .
INDEX
ARTIST
Peale
Montgomery, Richard, Death of .
Montibello, Md.
Monticello, Va.
Montmorenci Falls
Montpelier, Va.
Montreal, Canada .
Moore, Alfred .
Moore, Benjamin. . .
Moore, Richard Channing .
Moore, 'Thomas
Moorhead, John
More, Hannah .
Moreau, Victor
Morgan, Daniel
Moring, Christopher S. .
Morris, Gouverneur
Morris, Robert .
Morris, Mrs. ;
Moses and the Tablets
Mosque Sultan Ahmed .
Mott, Valentine
Moultrie, William
Mouina ;
Mount Blanc.
Mount Carbon, Pa. .
Mount Etna pebeand
Mount Etna, Eruptionof .
Birch
Doughty
Chapman .
Jarvis.
Jarvis
Inman
Dunlap
Sieurac
Haines .
Pelham .
° °
Peckersgill
Svinin
Peale
Trumbull .
Cooke
Sully
Tucker
Inman .
Porter .
ENGRAVER
Edwin
Norman .
Norman .
Birch .
Durand .
Childs
Cooke
Pru@’homme
Aitken
Neagle
Edwin
Edwin
. Paradise
. Dodson .
. Maverick
Anderson
Edwin
Ellis
Gimbrede
. Haines .
Longacre
. Maverick
- Pelham
Ellis
. Pelton
. Annin
Scoles
Tanner & Co.
Hdwin
. Pru@homme
- Danforth
Longacre
. Longacre
Johnston
. Kearny
Scoles
Durand .
. Fairman
. Strickland .
. Maverick
Tanner
. J.R. Smith
Kearny .
Tiebout .
Savage
CHECK LIST
NUMBERS
. TO1
- 2342
- 2363
202
680
. 2197
. 3114
. 832
. 2594
. 449
. 2052
2053-54
. 1493
. 1584
. 2835
623
. 991
. 3073
. 2246
. 3135
. 2936
. 1588
. $218
. 2760
ITEM
Mount Joliet
Mount Pleasant, Mass.
Mount Rosa .
Mount Sidney, Pa.
Mount Vernon, Va.
Mourgeon, Peter
Muhlenberg, G. H. E.
Muhlenberg, Henry M. .
Muhlenberg, Peter
Muir, Thomas
Mulgrave, Lord
Munson, Aineas
Murat, Joachim
Murray, Alexander
Murray, John
Murray, Lindley
Murray, Mr.
Muscipula
Mushanon River, Pa.
Musidora .
Mystic River Bridge, Mass.
Nahant Hotel, Mass.
Nahe Rock
Naples, Italy .
Napoleon Bonaparte
INDEX
ARTIST
Inman .
Birch
Birch
Birch
Birch
(Card of) .
Peale
Peale
Jennys .
Wood
Wood
Westoby
Reynolds .
Durand
Penniman
Craig
David
David
Terrigi .
360
ENGRAVER
Maverick
. Hill
- Scoles
- Maverick
. Birch .
- Birch .
- Parkyns .
. Seymour
Tucker
. St. Memin
CHECK LIST
NUMBERS
~ 2247
. 1409
. 2836
. 2248
- 203
- 204
~ 2417
. 2883
. 3327
. 2738
Goodman & Piggot . . LAT
. Annin & Smith
- Smither .
. Steel .
Tucker
- Scoles
Yeager
- Jocelyn .
- Rollinson
Tanner & Co.
. Edwin
Willard .
. Annin
- Bowen
. Hill
- Durand .
. Leney
. Savage
. Bowes
. Durand .
. Hill
. Annin & Smith
Harrison
Campbell
. Drayton
. Allen .
. Boudier .
- Hdwin
Gimbrede
. Hooker .
. Houston
. Humphreys
. Kelly .
. Leney
- 106
. 2980
- 3012
. 3310
. 2798
. 3423
. 1547
. 2720
. 3113
833
. 3382
17
. 216
. 1376
- 624
. 1821
. 2762
242
. 683
. 1408
y
s aT
. 1298
ote BOD
. 834-37
1069-71
. 1444
. 1457
. 1470
. 1615
- 1822
ITEM
Napoleon Bonaparte
Napoleon Entering Paris
Napoleon, Frangois Chas. Jos.
Napoli di Romania
Narina
Nassau Hall, N. ey
National Hotel, Washington .
Natural Bridge, Va. .
Naval Battle, Guadaloupes
Naval Commission, U. S.
Naval Monument .
Nation’s Bulwark .
Necker, Jacques
Neill, William .
Nelson, Horatio
Nettleton, A.
Nevins, William
New Edinburgh Racyclopetin
New England Psalm-Singer .
‘New England
New Haven, Conn.
New Jersey, Arms of
N. H. Mechanics Assoc.
New Orleans, La. . :
New Orleans, Battle of .
New Orleans Orphans’ Asylum
New York City
View of
INDEX
ARTIST
David
Isabey
Smith
Otis .
Hoppner
Inman .
(Map) .
Barber .
(Map) .
Seymour
West
Know
Wall
361
ENGRAVER
Longacre
- Pekenino
. Roberts .
. Scoles
. Smither . :
Willard-Rawdon
Willard .
- Sanford .
Gimbrede
. Longacre
Kearny
Scoles
Dawkins
. Longacre
. Drayton .
Trenchard .
- Dawkins
. Eckstein ,
2 woo... Akin & Harrison
(Title-page) . :
(Caricature) .
Annin
Clay
. Hill
. Nesmith .
. Pru@homme
Rollinson
. Scoles
Tanner & Co. .
. Pelton
. Paradise
ane :
Edwin
Revere
. Foster
Willard .
SOR ee senha
(Certificate) .
. Leney
. Hoogland
. Scacki
. Scoles
. Steel .
Wightman .
Yeager
Hill
. Hill
. Maverick
CHECK LIST
NUMBERS
2055-57
- 2457
- 2700
. 2799
- 2972
. 3384
_ 3383, 3385
. 2743
. 1072
. 2058
. 1576
. 2853
. 466
. 2153
- 545
. 3294
464
688
24,
86
. 398
. 1377
. 2318
. 2595
. 2715
. 2800
. S112
. 2511
. 2407
. 933
. 2690
. 1010
. 3399
. 3279
. 3362
. 1893
. 1438
. 2764
. 2837
. 3031
. 3433
. 1346
. 1340
. 2249
ITEM
View of
Planof .
Almshouse
Arms of State
Battery, The .
Battery, View from
Bay of New York .
Broadway
Castle Garden
Christ Church
City Hall .
Coffee House Slip .
College of Physicians
Columbia College .
Congregational Church .
Exchange, The .
Federal Hall
Fire of 1835 .
Fulton St. Market .
Government House
Grace Church
Hospital
Jews’ Synagogue
Merchants’ Exchange
Masonic Hall
New City Tavern
New Theatre
Park Row
Pilots’ Charitable Soc. .
Prison .
INDEX
ARTIST
Wood
Birch
Hooker
Bridges
Taylor .
Busby
Drayton
Birch
Burton .
Horner
Stansbury
Cummings
Forrest
Wilcow .
Stansbury
West
Anderson .
(Card of) .
Davis
Lacour .
Bayley .
Murray
(Card of) .
Davis
Davis
Davis
Burton .
(Certificate) .
. Fox
Mangin .
362
ENGRAVER
. Rollinson
. Seymour
St.Memin .
- Hooker .
. Maverick
. Roberts .
Tiebout .
. Hooker .
. Dawkins
Trenchard .
. Hill
Tucker
- Bennett .
. Leney
W. D. Smith
. Bennett .
. Hill ;
. Rawdon & Co .
» Steshe
. Pru@homme
. Pru@Vhomme
Tiebout .
. Danforth
. Leney
. Tiebout
. Maverick :
. Rawdon & Co. .
Yeager
. Doolittle
. Hill
Tiebout .
. Bennett .
. Bennett .
. NScoles
. Pru@homme
. Leney
Tisdale
W.D. Smith
W.D. Smith
W.D. Smith
Tisdale
. Tisdale
W. D. Smith
Hoogland
CHECK LIST
NUMBERS
. 2723
. 2884
2735-36
. 1448
. 2250
. 2702
3291-22
. 1447
. 462
. 3280
. 1387
. 3327
124
. 1890
. 2970
126
. 1895
. 2644
. 3023
. 2625
. 2624,
. 3223
. 459
. 1891
. 3205
. 2238
. 2645
. 3432
. 533
. 1403
. 3209
. 140-41
. 137
. 2832
. 2626
. 1892
. 3260
. 2967
. 2967
. 2967
. 3259
. 3258
. 2969
. . 1440
1013-14
ITEM
Quarantine
Rotunda, The
Rutgers’ Medical Golleze
St. John Chapel
St. Matthew’s Church
St. Paul’s Church .
St. Stephen’s Church .
South Street .
Trinity Church .
U.S. Branch Bank
Unitarian Church .
Wall Street
New Zealand War Pests 3
Newark Presbyterian Church .
Newark to Paulus Hook
Newbold’s Plantation
Newburg, N. J.
Newell, Harriet
Newstead Abbey .
Newton, Isaac .
Newton, Isaac, Goaitenve :
Newton, John
Newton, Robert
Ney, Michel .
Niagara Falls, N. Y.
Niagara, Battle of
Nice, Italy oe
Dicalai Coin .- 5s
INDEX
ARTIST
Davis
Kvers
Davis
Bayley .
Davis
Bayley .
Anderson .
Davis
Davis
Burton .
Anderson .
(Map) .
Doyle
Doyle
Doyle
Russell .
Russell .
Neagle .
Wilson .
Bennett
Birch .
363
CHECK LIST
ENGRAVER NUMBERS
Bennett . eke
W.D. Smith . 2967
Durand . . 681
W.D.Smith . . 2968
. Rawdon & Co. . 2646
. Scoles . 247
. Prudhomme . 2697
. Yeager . 3437
. Bennett . . 144
. Pru@homme . 2628
. Tiebout . 3232
. Kearny . 1573
W.D. Smith . 2967
. W.D. Smith . 2967
- Hoogland . 1439
Callender «995
Tiebout . . 3219
Tiebout . . 3220
Trenchard . . 3296
Hill . 1340
. Annin 78
Hdwin . 838
Longacre . 2059
Rawdon . . 2636
. Farman 998
Edwin . 839
. Scoles . 2838
Ldwin . 958
. Jocelyn . 1548
. Leney . 1823
. Longacre . 2060
Dodson 497
Brown : . 280
Tanner & Co. . . 3113
- Bennett . . . 142
. Cooke . 435-36
- Hill 1348-49
Hill . 1410
. Maverick . 2251
Steel 0.0. . 3032
Thackara & Tiallanes . 3151
Tiebout . ~- 2 « BBS
Strickland . . 3059
. Seymour . 2888
. Hill . 1872
ITEM
Nightmare, The
Night Scene, The .
Night Thoughts
Niobe :
Nisbet, Charles
Nisbet, C., Monument of
Noah, Mordecai M.
Norfolk, Va.
North, Lord .
Northcote, James
North River, N. Y.
North Carolina, etc.
Norwich, Vt.
Norwich Military Acad.
Notch House, N. H. .
Nott, Eliphalet .
O’Connell, Daniel .
O’ Neill, Miss
Obookiah .
Ogden, Aaron
Ohio River, Map of
Ohiophyle Falls, Pa. .
Olandah Equiano .
Old Pat '
Old Testament
Olid, Christoval de
Olin, Stephen
Ongpatonga, Chief
Opie, John
Opie, Mrs.
Orange, Prince of
Orlamunda, Agnes von .
Orphans’ Asylum, Mass.
Osgood, Mrs.
Othello and deters
Otis, James .
Oto Council .
Ovid
INDEX
ARTIST
Fuseli
Gibson .
Smith
Shaw
Northcote .
Shaw
(Map) .
Johnson
Johnson
Ames
Davis
Durand
Schultz
Waldo .
Sap ae :
. Lawson .
. Durand .
. PruVhomme
. Bridport
. Leney
. Munson .
. Rollinson
oy oti ee
(Certificate) .
. . Dodson
. Leney
. Durand .
. Pelton
. J.R. Smith
Paradis
West
Neagle .
Opie.
Opie .
Graham
Blackburn
Blackburn
Seymour
Burney
364
ENGRAVER
. Boyd .
ot tein ewig” op, SCHRLIRTIEOR
(Title-page) .
Pyne Cs eg RS COtas
. Pelton
- Boyd .
Norman .
Gimbrede
. Ta
. Haines
. Leney
. Hill
. Bennett .
Aitken
. Peabody
. Peabody
Throop
- Durand .
. Maverick
. Longacre
. Jocelyn . .
. Maverick-Durand
. Durand .
. Maverick
. Scoles
Tanner
Tiebout .
. Durand .
Longacre
Mrs. Akin .
Lawson
. NScoles
CHECK LIST
NUMBERS
273
. | 296
. 2365
. 2839
. 2512
eee
. 1073
. 1343
. 1207
“SOT
1910-11
. 629
. 2513
. 2925
. 1694
. 2801
ITEM
Owen, John .
Owenson, Miss .
Oysans, Cascade of
Oyster Cove, Va.
Oxford, Earl of
Oxford Light Infantry .
Paca, William
Page, Harlan
Pahaqualing, N. J.
Paine, Robert Treat .
Paine, Robert Treat, Jr.
Paine, Thomas .
Paley, William .
Palisades, The .
Paraclete, The .
Paragon, Steamboat .
Paris, France
Parish, E.
Parke, John .
Parker, Martyn
Parkinson, William
Parnell, Thomas
Parsons, Ann
Parsons, Enoch
Parsons, Jonathan
Parsons, Levi
Parsons, Theophilus .
Parthenon, The
Partridge, Alden .
Pass of La Cabrera
Passaic Falls, N. J.
Passaic River
Patterson, James .
Patton, William
Paul I— Russia
INDEX
ARTIST
Vertue .
Shaw
Underwood
Copley .
Badger .
Hoffman
Hoffman
Savage .
Stuart
Romney
Romney
Kidd
Livingston
Craig
Williams
Lemet
Morse
Stuart .
Sargent
Bartlett
Birch
Frazier .
Shaw
Birch
Shaw
Otis . .
Metcalf .
ENGRAVER
Gimbrede
Leney
. Kearny . »
. Hill
. Maverick
Nesmith . ..
Maverick
. Prudhomme
Clarke
Scoles
Longacre
Tisdale
Scoles
Wright
. Longacre
. Prudhomme
Tucker
Hill
Tiebout .
Harrison
. Anderson
. Neagle aru
. Scot & Allardice .
. JR. Smith .
Malcom .
Scoles
Maverick
. Leney
Edwin
. Pelton
. Pelton
Throop
Leney
Tucker
Willard .
. Kearny
. Childs
. Hill
. Scoles
Tucker
. Hill
. J.R. Smith
Durand .
Scorodorumoff Leney
365
CHECK LIST
NUMBERS
- 1074
- 1826
- 1586
. 1343
. 2294
. 2323
. 2225
. 2597
- 414
. 2842
. 2062
» 3254
. 2802
. 3412
. 2063 ©
. 2596
. 3311
. 1340
- 3225
. 1299
. 64
. 2316
. 2864
. 2926
. 2166
. 2863
. 2226
. 1827
. 840
- 2514
. 2515
. 3157
. 1828
. 3323
. 3386
. 1577
. 310
. 1343
. 2843
. 3324
. 1343
. 2927
. 630
. 1829
INDEX
CHECK LIST
ITEM ARTIST ENGRAVER NUMBERS
Paul, Thomas Cooke . a tis ae . Longacre . 2064
Paulding, William Durand - Durand . . 631
Pawnee Brave . King . Jocelyn . . 1550
Payne, Master . Wood . Leney . 1830
Payson, Edward . Pratt . Kelly . 1616
Paxton Expedition, The - Dawkins . AGT
Peacock and L’E pervier AIT OE . Hamlin . . 1246
Birch . Strickland . . 3060
Peace of 1783 ies atthe . Norman . . 2366
Peak, John Chorley . Annin & Smith 97
Peak Cavern a MS ag th Kearny . 1589
Peale, Charles Willson . Peale . Longacre . 2065
Pearce, Samuel Medley . . Annin & Smith 98
Medley . . Boyds.c icy ee . 258
pees i: Goodman & Piggo . 1148
Medley . . Longacre . 2066
Peck, George Pine . . Prudhomme . 2599
Pedlars Falls, Va. erie . Drayton . 547
Pekenino, Michele Durand . Durand . . 632
Pelham Foreign Portraits . (List of) . Pelham - 2476
Penn, William . iy eee ee . Anderson eee.)
Bevan . Edwin — . 841-43
Pia hee . Kneass-Young . 1652
Barralet . Lawson . 1683
Edwin . . Longacre 2067 —68
. Smither . . 2981
. Snyder . 2995
Tisdale . 3255
Penn Arms ha ry Turner . 3332
Penn’s Treaty West . Moore - 2277
West G. 4. Smith . 2912
Penn’s Treaty Medal cis is la ta = . 2293
Pennsylvania, Map Howell-Lewis Scoles . 2841
Cope ig. . Turner . 3334
Pennsylvania Roads . (Map) . . Smither . . 2985
Pennsylvania, Arms of . Trenchard . . 3279
(Title-page) . Attken . .4. 50.) gee
(Frontispiece) Smither . . . . . . 2984
Pennsylvania Magazine
Pennsylvania Politics (Caricature) . Charles . ... . . 334
Pennsylvania, U. S. Ship ove ix ts bo Benneiee . 148
Pepperrill, Sir William . Smibert . Pelham . 2471
Pepys, Elizabeth . Hailes . Steel . . 3013
Pepys, Samuel . Kneller . . Steel . . 3014
Percival, Spencer . Williams Kneass . . 1653
Percy, Hugh Earl . Smither . . 2982
366
- TTEM
Perfect, William
Perry, Oliver H.
Jarvis
Perry, O. H.—Memorial Brenton
Perry’s Victory Corne
Birch
Barralet.
Peruvian Images are
Petalesharoo Neagle .
Peter IIJ— Russia elie ows
Peters, Hugh eer iia!
Peters, William Peters
Petre, Lord . Peters
Pharamond .
Philadelphia
View of - Birch
‘Birch
Hill .
Hoffman
Birch
Birch
Map of
Academy of Fine Arts. Strickland
Barralet
Academy of Natural Sciences Strickland
Almshouse, Spruce St. Birch
Strickland
Arch St. Ferry . Birch
Arch St. Theatre . Yeager .
Bank of Pennsylvania Birch
Strickland
Bank of Philadelphia Birch
Bank of United States . Birch
Strickland
Strickland
Strickland
Strickland
Chestnut St. Theatre . Birch
Christ Church ... . Birch
INDEX
ARTIST
Waldo .
367
ENGRAVER
. Leney
. Delleker
. Hdwin
Gimbrede
. Lewis
. Pekenino
. Sanford .
Willard .
. Annin
. Lawson
Tanner
Doolittle
Maverick
. Leney
Leney
. Leney
. Leney
. Bowes
Birch .
Cone .
ees Lh)
. Scoles
Seymour
Tucker
. Scot & Allardice .
. Smither .
Turner
Childs
Tanner
Childs
. Birch.
. Boyd .
Birch .
Yeager
Birch .
Tucker
. Birch.
. Birch .
. Childs
. Kearny
. Kneass-Young
Tucker
. Fox
Birch .
CHECK LIST
NUMBERS
. 1831
- . 482
. 844-45
1075-76
. 1915
. 2451
. 2740
. 3387
87-88
: 1691
. 3138
. 538
. 2997
. 1832
. 1833
. 1834
. 1835
24.0
178
429
1350-51 ©
. 2844
. 2882
- 3327
. 2866
. 2986
. 3333
. 3dl
. 3137
352
160
270
161
. 3430
162
. 3316
163
164
. S54
. 1572
. 1659
. 3317
. 1012
165
ITEM
Christ Church” ).s) . =.) a.
Congress Hall, etc.
Deaf and Dumb Asylum
Dorsey’s Gothic Mansion .
Eastern Penitentiary .
Election Scenein . .
Fairmount Water Works
Franklin Hotel . ... .
Franklin Library .
Girard’s Bank
Girard College... .
High St. Viewon. . .
High St. Markets . .. .
Jail, Walnut St.
Lemon Hill ....
Library and Surgeons’ Hall
Lutheran Church, Old
Lutheran Church, New .
Market St. Bridge .
Masonic Hall
Masonic Hall, Fire at
Merchants’ Hotel
New Market, Second St.
New Theatre
Pennsylvania Hospital .
INDEX
ARTIST
Strickland
Birch
Strickland
Mills
Haviland
Mason
Krimmel
Birch .
Doughty
Doughty
Lehman
Birch
Birch
Doughty
Strickland
Strickland
Walter .
Birch
Birch
Birch
Birch
Birch
Birch
Birch
Strickland
Birch
Strickland
Jones
Birch
Birch
Lewis
Birch ..
Strickland
Hoffman
Strickland
McArthur .
368
ENGRAVER
. Childs
- Malcom .
Birch .
. Childs
Tanner
. Childs
. Childs
. Lawson .
. Campbell
Cone
Hill
. Steel .
. JR. Smith .
Tanner
Tiller .
Tucker
Thackara
. Childs
Steel .
. Birch .
. Birch .
. Birch .
. Birch.
. Malcom .
. Heilious .
. Birch .
». aBireh.
. Birch .
. Plocher .
. Seymour
. Kneass
. Trenchard .
Hill
Tucker
Birch .
. Birch .
. Ralph
. Birch .
Childs
. Claypoole
- Dawkins
. Heilious .
ETE 3,
Seymour
Tucker ,
CHECK LIST
NUMBERS
. . 356
2168-69
171
. 358
. 3193
360
. 359
. 1692
302
. 428
. 1333
. 3025
. 3194
. 3248
, 3319
. 2935.
. 3150
. 353
. 3026
, < paees
. 4-15
. 159
172
. 2170
. 985
. 159, 176
166
167
. DAY
. 2885
. 1663
. 1345
. 3322
. it
. 3295
171
. 2632
. 159, 179
. 368-69
396
. . 468
. 983-84
. 1411
ITEM
Pennsylvania Hospital
Penna. Hospital for Insane
Presbyterian Church, Ist
Presbyterian Church, 2nd
Robert Morris House
St. Stephen’s Church .
State House .
State House, Back View
State House Garden .
Swedes’ Church .
Third St. Hall .
Third and Market Sts.
Third and Spruce Sts.
Treaty Tree . .
Unitarian Church .
University of Penna. .
Washington’s Funeral
Washington Hall .
Water Works, Centre Square
Water Works, Chestnut St.
Widows and Orphans Asylum
Zion Church, Burned
Philadelphia at Tripoli .
Philadelphia Cadets .
Philadelphia Views
Philistines, ete. .
Philip, King .
Philip [V— France
Philips, T. .
Phillips, John
Phillips, T. :
Phillips, William .
Phillips, W. W.
Phillips, Miss
Phcebus, William .
Physick, Philip Syng
INDEX
CHECK LIST
ARTIST ENGRAVER NUMBERS
ia s Yeager . 3434
Mason . - Tucker . 3326
Birch Birch . 168
Haviland - Boyd . Q71
Birch . Birch . 169
Birch - Birch . 173
Strickland . Childs 375
Birch . Birch . 181
Strickland . Childs . . 38376
Wells . Neagle . . 2315
Peale Trenchard . . 3299
Birch Birch . 182
Birch - Birch . Pre bo)
Birch - Birch . . 159, 170
Sully - Childs ote ee
er a Steel . . 3024
Birch - Birch . 186
Birch . - Birch . 185
Parkyns - Cook . 438
Reinagle . Childs . 378
Strickland . Steel . . 3035
Birch . Birch . : Pane $Y |
Strickland . Strickland . . 3065
Birch - Birch . . 188
Barralet . Tiebout . . 3234
Doughty Childs . 882
Strickland . Steel . . 3037
Reiche . 2663
oh re weg eee Hamlin . . 1247
Underwood . Nesmith . - 2324
Birch . Barker 117
. Allen . - 39
. Revere . 2671
Seymour. . 2876
. J.R. Smith . . 2928
Pike ene i . Hoogland . 1428
Williams . Lavigne . . 1676
Percival Gimbrede . 1077
Stuart . . Pelton . . 2516
Waldo & Jewett W. D. Smith . 2960
sien Mee ee. MOROU RO. . 1836
Paradise . Durand . . 633
Inman . . Dodson . Sivek 1. nee
Inman... . . Durand... ... 634
Sully. . Longacre . =... . 2069
369
ITEM
Physick, Philip Syng
Pickens, Andrew .
Pickering, Timothy
Picton, Gen.
Picturesque View of G. B.
Pierce, Ben.
Pike, Zebulon M.
Pilmore, Joseph
Pinckney, Charles C. .
Pindar, Peter
Pinkney, William .
Pinto,G. F. .
Pioneers, The
Pitt, William
Pittsburgh, Pa.
Placide, Alexander
Platoff, Gen.
Platt, Jonas .
Plattsburg, Battle ve
Playing Draughts
Plessis, Joseph Octave
Plutarch .
Plymouth Dock
Poinsett, Joel R.
Polk, James K. .
Pollok, Robert .
Pomarre, King .
INDEX
ARTIST
Otis .
Sully
Waldo
Catlin
Stuart
Pratt
Peale
Neagle .
Peale
Bounetheau .
Paul .
Peale
‘King
(uitlepage) ;
Peale
Lehman
Lehman
Trumbull ..
Burnet .
James
Garvey .
Longacre .
370
CHECK LIST
ENGRAVER NUMBERS
. Otis . 2381
Longacre - 2070
Gimbrede . 1078
. Longacre . 2071
Piggot . 2543
. Rollinson . 2721
. Revere . 2692
G.G. Smith . 2903
. Hdwin 847
. Edwin . 846
. Gimbrede . 1079
. Kennedy . 1636
Tanner & Co. . Sill
Willard . . 3388
. Yeager ~ « 3424
: Goodman & Piggot . . 1149
. Peale . . « 2425
: Akin Haman 20
Anderson 60
Durand . . 635
. Tiebout . . 3189
. Hill . 1385
. Leney . 1837
. Durand . . 636
. Longacre . 2072
. Longacre . 2073
Lang . . 1674
. Hdwin - 848- 49
. Peale . . 2426
. Prudhomme - 2619
. Childs . 371
. Steel . 3033
. Hdwin ; . 850
Tanner & Co. . . S114
Durand . . 637
. Reed . . 2660
o's OPES Dove . 2382
.. Durand . 638
. Boyd . 259
. Edwin 851
. Birch. . 155
. Longacre - + 2074
. Pru@’homme ~.) + 2600~
. Longacre . 2137
. Hoogland . 1429
ITEM
Pont du Gard
Pope, Alexander
Poros Harbor, Morea
Porpoise, U.S. Brig .
Porter, David
Porter, Ebenezer
Porter, Jacob
Porter, Jane
Portsmouth, N. H.
Portsmouth, England
Port Folio, The
Post, Edward
Poulson, Susannah
Powell, Snelling
Powell, Mrs.
Prague, Battle of
Preble, Edward
President’s House, Wash. .
Preston, William .
Prideaux, Humphrey
Prince, Joseph .
Prince, Thomas
Prodigal Son, The
Providence, R. I. ;
Providence Congre’l] Church .
Providence Marine Soc.
Providence Meeting House
Providence St. John’s Church .
INDEX
ARTIST
Roubilliac .
Keller .
Kneller .
Wood
Wood
Jocelyn
Doyle
Duncannon
( Title-pages )
(Title-page) .
—, . . Anderson
Peale
DeWilde
(Medal)
(Medal)
Doughty
Drummond
Greenwood
(Certificate) .
rather areas 26
371
ENGRAVER
Harrison
. Danforth
Hdwin
. Haines
. Hanm
Hoogland
. Longacre
W.D. Smith
Valentine
Kearny
. Bennett .
. Hdwin
Gimbrede
. Lewis
. Pru@homme .
. Reed & Stiles .
. Longacre
Gimbrede
Gimbrede
Yeager
Bowen
Birch .
Edwin
Harrison
Lawson .
. Hill
. Leney
. Frederick
. Harris
. Kelly .
Edwin
Lawson .
. Steel .
Stone .
Leney
Lavigne .
. Hill
. Pelham
Doolittle
. Hamlin .
Hamlin .
Hamlin .
Hamlin .
CHECK LIST
NUMBERS
. 1300
450
852
. 1208-9
. 1257
. 1430
. 2075
. 2961
. 3338
Be bey te
IAT
. 853
. 1080
. 1915
. 2601
- 2658
. 2076
. 1081
. 1082
~ 3425
931
~«- 166
. 942, 948
. 1309
merepet |
. 1684
. 1378
. 1838
. 1020
. 1271
. 1617
. 854
. 1685
. 3038
- 3044
. 1839
. 1677
. 1379
. « 2472
. 539-41
. 1945
. 1244
. 1249
. 1412
. 1243
’
CHECK LIST
ITEM ARTIST ENGRAVER NUMBERS
Pregence’ "ey! «(is Seetepttat be Clarke - 4 ie » (419 .
Psalmsof David ... . . Johnston ... . 1506
Psalm-Singer’s Amusement . Norman . . 2368
Psalm-Tunes .... « « Turner . 3335-36
Stats) \btige ¢ Nae meena . 2691
Psyche . . . «+» «6 e (Frontispiece) Hdwtn 936
Patnam, Israel .. ei aes e's. en ae ae
Trumbull . . Gimbrede . - 1083
Trumbull . . Humphrys... . . 1472
Pym, John |... s+, sui ° - Pru@homme - 2602
Quarles, Francis .... . - Edwin 856
Quebec,Canada ..... . Aitken 9
PEER ie ee . 437
Strickland . Kneass . - 1664
tan’ - Johnston . 1505
8 . Leney . . 1894
ee ce . 2703
Queenstown,Canada .. . Strickland . Strickland . . 3061
Quincy, Josiah . . . . - - (Caricature). Charles... . 314
Quixote,Don ..... . Lesle . . Danforth . 451
Radnor Church .. . . . Strickland Tiebout . - 3226
Raikes, Robert.) a lidyhe eee 3s . Munson... . . 2281
Ram Mohun Roy . 2 gs eps + ee - Annin & Smith «999
Ramsay,David .... . White . Gimbrede .. .. . 1084
Peale . Longacre - 2077
Rancliffe,Lord .... -» See . Leney . 1840
Randolph, John ... «2. 6 « s . Edwin . 857
Jarvis . Gimbrede en neigh oak ae
Randolph, Peyton Peale - Goodman & Piggot . . 1151
Rapelje, Rem . Durand . Sis 639
Raphael . . alte ge . Hdwin 858
Read, George Pine . . Longacre . 2078
Red Jacket Weir . Danforth 452
Redman, John . eer cee tee . Edwin 959
Reece, Richard Paradise . Durand . 640
Reed, Nelson Ruckle . W.D. Smith 2962
Rees, Abraham Opie . . Gobrecht 1112
Reeve, Tapping Catlin . Maverick - 2228
Reid, Thomas . . Annin 80
Remarkable Bridge . eet sells le. a emeneai 3297
Retreat, The,Pa. . . . . . Atkenson . . Kennedy . 1638
Rescinders, The ... . ye: . « Mevere ss.” wane - 2693
Resurrection of a Pious Family Peters . . . Clarke ..... . 417
INDEX
872
ITEM
Resurrection of a Pious Family
Rhodes ..
Rhone Glacier
Richard I1I—England .
Richard III, Last Act of
Richards, James
Richmond, Chas., Duke of .
Richmond, Legh
Richmond, Va.
Ricketts, Mr.
Ridgely, C.
Riley, James
Riley, Jas., Narrative
Rippon, John
Rittenhouse, David
Roberts, James
Roberts, Robert R.
Robertson, William .
Robespierre, M.
Robinson, Mrs. .
Rochemaure Castle
Rochow, Mr.
Rock Fort
Rocky Mountains .
Rodgers, John
Rogers, John
Rogers, William
Rogers, Rev.
Roland, Madame
Rollin, Charles
e
e
°
Rockingham, Marquis of .
INDEX
ARTIST
POteTe *s 2. -
e
ENGRAVER
Hill.
- Scoles .
. Kearney ..
« BOyR ss as
Rie ete) 8 os OM Cy
(Caricature). Johnston °.
Trott . . Bridport
Schroeder . . Leney
Slater . Longacre
Cooke .. . Bennett .
Proger > HE"
. Maverick
Jarvis . .
. Scoles
Goodman & Piggot .
Carman . Gimbrede .
(Illustrations) Hooker .
(Illustration) Marchant .
Auer e ey COR
Peale ... Edwin .
a) kil eee ew, 2), OD
Peale . . . Gobrecht
‘ : . Houston
Savage . . Jarvis
Peale . Longacre
Peale . Savage
Yates . Johnston
Neagle . . Longacre
aieehes kam ie) «i AE ET BO
Reynolds . . Tanner
Raffet . . . Pru@homme
Reynolds . . Birch. .
er see . Seymour
phere ae
Inman . . Maverick
. : . Haines
Seymour . Kearny
Jarvis . Hdwin
. Leney
sat ouetaa a . Gimbrede
Smibert ¢ SRGUG eS a
Williams ..
J.R. Smith .
. Annin & Smith
Raffet . ..
373
. Annin & Smith
Prudhomme
Ellis ..
CHECK LIST
NUMBERS
- 1359
» 2845
- 1590
- 260
. 1841
. 1499
~ QT
. 1842
- 2079
- 143
. 1352
. 2253
- 2804
. 1150
- 1086
. 1449
- 2172
- 422
860
. 859
- 1113
- 1463
- 1481
. 2080
- 2748
. 1494
- 2081
- 62
3099
- 2603
. 153
. 2872
. 1372
- 2254
. 1210
. 1579
. 861
- 1843
. 1087
. 1618
- 2929
ITEM
Rollin, Charles .
Romaine, William
Romeyn, J.B. . .
Rosalind and Orlando
Ross, George
Ross, James .
Ross, William
Rousseau, J.J. .
Rousseau’s Tomb .
Rowan, Archibald H.
Rowe, Elizabeth S.
Rowe’s Letters .
Rubens, Peter Paul
Rumford, Ct. Benjamin
Rumpff, Mrs.
Rush, Benjamin
Ruspini, Chevalier
Russell, Nathaniel
Russell, William Lord
Ruter, Martin
Prarie Bsa eee
Ruthven, Lady ab.
Rutgers, Henry
Rutledge, Edward
Ryland, John
St. Andrew’s Soc., Pa.
St. Anthony .
INDEX
CHECK List
ARTIST ENGRAVER NUMBERS
Penniman . Kelly . 1619
Penniman . . Neagle . 2311
Coypel . . Scoles - 2805
Coypel . W.D. Smith . 2963
is Fis . Snyder . 2992
. Tanner . 3100
Allen . 32
Waldo & Jewett Durand . ~ 641
Downman . . Leney . 1906
igre aft . Steel . +e SOLS
Sully - Goodman & Piggoi Rr bY)
Paradise . Durand . fare 642
- Doolittle 514
. Fairman «Poe
. Scoles . 2846
. Scoles. . 2806
. Edwin 962- 63
oa ve). ee . 2343
(Title-page) . Hdwin - 929
os we oa ee ee . 3345
. Hooker . . 1445
Trenchard . . 3273
ee . Prudhomme - 2605
Paul . Akin. 21
Sully . Dodson soe 400
Sully . Hdwin . 864-65
Sully. . Gobrecht . 1114
Haines . . Haines . 1212
Haines . . Jones . . 1524
SeGee - LeMet - 1702
Sully . Leney . 1844
Sully . Longacre . 2082
Savage . . Savage . 2749
ae as . Leney - 1845
Savage . . Savage . 2750
reer ey . 2821
Longacre . . Longacre . 2083
. Maverick . 2266
sath e . Longacre . 2144
Inman Wright . 3413
Earle . Longacre - 2084
Bramwhite. . Hoogland . 1431
(Certificate) . Scot . . 2868
c+ 6 es oe Darand 7: 643
374
ITEM
St. Anthony’s Falls
St. Barbara .
St. Catharine
St. Francis
St. George Soc., Pa. :
St. Helena,Islandof .
St. John—Confessor .
St. John in Patmos
St. Joseph ..
St. Lawrence River
St. Leonard’s Cottage
St. Michael’s Mount .
St. Michel at Puy .
St. Peter’s, Rome .
INDEX
ARTIST
Shaw
A lb ano
(Certificate) .
‘) Witney) Drayton °.
Barnett
Schetky
St. Peter and St. Paul, ‘cars of :
St. Vincent, Earlof .
St. Vincent’s Rock
Sacred Harmony .. .
Sacketts Harbor, N. H.
Sacondaga and Hudson Rivers
Sainbel, Charles V. de
Salaberry, C. M. d’l.
Salem Court House
Saltonstall, Gurdon
Samoieds, The .
Sampson, Deborah
Sampson, William
Sancta Sophia, Church .
Sandford, P. P.
Sandoval, Gonzales de
‘Sands, Robert C.
Sandy Hill, N. Y.
Sandy Hook, Haninoctial off
Sandy Hook Lighthouse
Sandy Hook Monument
Saratoga Springs, N. Y.
Sargent, Thomas .
Sargent, Thomas F.
Volozan
Birch
Birch
Dickinson .
Gray
Jarvis
Pine .
Weir
Anderson .
Anderson .
Inman .
Longacre .
Thomson
375
ENGRAVER
. Hill
. Scoles
. Hamm
- Hamm
. Boyd .
. Hamm
Woodruff
Smither .
Munger .
. Strickland .
. Hamm
. Justice . .
Woodruff
. Hewitt
- Drayton .
. Harrison
. Harrison
Lawson .
Tiebout .
Tanner & Co.
. Kneass
. EHdwin
. Plocher .
. Strickland .
. Hill
. Leney
. Durand .
. Hill
Doolittle
. Seymour
Graham .
. Gimbrede
. Lawson .
. Pru@homme
. Lawson .
. Durand .
. Hill
. Bennett .
Tiebout .
Tiebout
- Mase.
Trenchard .
. Longacre
. Rollinson
CHECK List
NUMBERS
- . . 1343
- 2847
. 1261
- 1262
wow 261
1263 — 64
. 3408
- 2987
. 548
. 2279
. 3062
- 1260
. 1563
. 3409
. 1320
. 549
. 1301
. 1302
. 1697
. 3231
. 3112
. 1670
. 930
. 2548
. 3063
. 1340
. 1846
. 644
- 1413
. 515
. 2891
. 1168
. 1088
. 1678
. 2606
. 1679
. 645
. 1340
. 136
~ 3227
. 3228
. 2255
. 3298
. 2085
- 2716
ITEM
Sault Ste. Marie ..
Saurin, James .
Savannah, Burning of
Savannah, Siegeof .
Sawbridge, Alderman
Schmidt, John F. .
Schuylkill Bridge
Schuylkill Canal, Pa.
Schuylkill Falls, Pa. .
Schuylkill River, Pa.
Schultz, Christopher, Jr.
Schuyler, Philip
Schwartz, Christopher F.
Schwartzenberg, Gen.
HAO co ahs .
Scott, Sir Walter s
Scott, Winfield
Scott, Thomas .
Sculptured Bones .
Seabury, Samuel .
Seat of War, 1775
Seasons, The
Sears, David .
Sedgley,Pa. . . . %
Sedgley Park,Pa. ..
INDEX
ARTIST
Schoolcraft
Picart . .
Picart
Shaw
(Plan) .
Eckstein
Barralet
Birch .
Lehman
Shaw
Hoffman
Watson .
Trumbull .
Leslie...
Raeburn
Raeburn
Chantry
Raeburn
Leslie
Gimbrede .
Weir
Cosse
Cosse
Cosse
‘Duche
(Map) .
pega 4
Biren
Olay on.
376
ENGRAVER
. Rawdon. .
Durand .
. Longacre
. Aill
. St.Memin .
. Haines
. Hekstein
. Lawson .
. Seymour
. Childs
. Hill
Tiebout .
. Childs
. Leney
. Kelly .
. Leney isla
. Longacre ..
Tanner & Co. .
. Kearny
. Hdwin. ws
- Danforth .
Dodson. .
; MavertchsDaeane
. Jocelyn-Munson .
. Melle. . ws
. Keliy 2s
Longacre .
. Longacre
. Gimbrede .
. Pru@homme
Tanner & Co.
. Chorley . . .
- Danforth
. Hoogland ..
. Jocelyn . .
Longacre
Main .
. Strickland .
Annin & Smith
. Gimbrede
. Romans .
Edwin .
. Pru@homme .
Birch 0" 5m
Childs ..
CHECK LIST
NUMBERS
. 2639
- 646
. 2086
. 1343
~ 2737
. 1211
- . 685
1695-96
. 2885
. S72
. 1343
- 3229
. 373
. 1847
- 1620
. 1848
oe Oe
« % 2199
. . 1551
INDEX
CHECK LIST
ITEM ARTIST ENGRAVER NUMBERS
Sedgwick, CatharineM. . . Ingham... Durand. .... . 648
oy eel ea eye SD ORRON nwa chaps: BOT
Sedgwick, Theodore . . . . Williams . . J.R.Smith> . . . . 9930
MT ORO NK wile te he. ss Kearny! . ok aw 2 1801
BOMEEISORYs Wisco. 6 i). Allene ace. 288-86
Seneca Falls, N. Y. DED so a ok hy eek « ARM Oe oe Bie RD
mentry-box, Ihe . .). .°. Leslie . . . Danforth... . .-. 460
sergeant, John. . . . . . Robinson . . Kelly... .. . . 169
Dees. yee. 6 ees wrua ~ Tucker’. ... . . . 9819
Senet twnesy ane . sl. . Smirke ..:\. Leney . . . . . . 1907
IER re Ge Sc lier es « Bligh cosisow ane ie a QTE
MUON Pc. tl we tw Pelton. 6 6 as b> cc. 9519
Sewall, Joseph . . Raich OU Me, os AIMEE hn Geet ge LOTG
Smibert . . Pelham... . . . 2473
meewall,Samuel. ... . . Hmmons .. Pelton ...... . 2518
Dee OMe etatre sr. 5) 6 wes WD. Smith 1a)... 2904
Guemepere, William . <3... . seca « Boyd... . 2.4. 962-68
Sin phe sn» AOSOR 4.” «aati Pao ate BOE
Zoust . . . Hdwin ... . . 869-70
Chandos . . Field . . «2s. « 1002
wee «: Gimbrede, .. afin 1001
» ridley oe hi ate LICE
SA eevee. « FATE a etek et ce
Chandos .. Kelly. ..... . 16%
eee iss. LOWEON.. <6; -s hts KOBE
- Longacre .. . 2139-40
. EH. Maverick . . . . 2449
. M. A. Maverick « . . 2180
eye « Pru@honme susiye-. 2609
Sharp,John. .. .. . . Schwandfelder Hoogland ... . . 1433
Mereel es ee ee. ww wes Anning Smith ... 101
Pee eeene sy. oe wl. Jouttt ... . Durand ... . ws! «| 649
RIOT TTAPD OL: debate cee we tl Hines «wee oe ow BQIS
Beebe raeninOUse 0%). °. 5... ... Tiebout. . . . . . $930
CCI ALGST Guise. 5 sw sks Mein fw we ew fe BUI
Sherbrooke,John Cope... Field .. . Field. .... =. . 1008
Sherburne, Nantucket .. . Sanson... Tanner... .. . 8139
Seernien, oper... 43-4). Harle . . . Jocelyn .« . wo. «1688
. PGF ieiaret ie, « kOUO8 gd ie ave a 2080
Meee eRICMrG Dy St Sh. ce. Hdwin 2 ww ole BP
eos pe wre « PruPhomme sis 40142619
I AS yi. 6 eee te we Loney oo. o witets 1849
Shippen, Edward... . . Stuart... Hdwin ...... 8738
Soltabe atales.< 220 TMEM new es he ty en kLBE
Shippen, Joseph . ......... + LeMete ..... . 1708
ITEM
Shippen, William, Jr.
Ship’s Papers :
Shirley, Sir William .
Shore, Jane .
Shubrick, John T. .
Sibley, HE... . 3
Siddons, aa, Kenble ;
Signers of the Declaration .
Sigourney, Lydia H. .
Simpson, David é
Sismondi, J.C. L.S.de .
Skeensborough, N. Y.
Skinner, Thomas H. .
Slater, Samuel .
Slave-Ship, The
Slop and Shandy
Smith, Augustus W. .
Smith, Elias .
Smith, Elihu H.
Smith, Elizabeth
Smith, Isaac .
Smith, James
Smith, John . ;
Smith, John Blair .
Smith, Nathan . E
Smith, Samuel Stanhope
Smith, William 5
Smith, Mrs. .
Smollett, Tobias
Snowden—Wales .
Snyder, Simon .
Solitude, Pa.
Solomon Creek, Pa.
Soule, Joshua
Soult, N.J.deD. .
Spalding, George Ludwig .
INDEX
ARTIST
Stuart
Smibert
Pate .
DeWilde
Hamilton .
Reynolds .
(Title-page) .
Sully
Lincoln
Williams
Barker .
Morse
Lawrence .
Stuart
Stuart
Sully
Woolley
Birch
Paradise
378
CHECK LIST
ENGRAVER NUMBERS
. Haines . 1214
. Savage . 2763
. Pelham ~ QAT4
. Pru@homme . 2610
. Gimbrede . 1092
. Leney . 1850
. Edwin Sone
. Leney 1851-53
Leney . 1852
. Longacre . 2090
Longacre . 2149
. Dodson . 507
. Ellis 1 O72
. Pru@homme . 2611
. Hewitt . 1321
- Goodman & Piggot 1153
. Steel . . . 3016
. Ralph . 2633
. Haines . 1222
Willard . . 3389
Williams . 3364
Leney . 1854
. Leney . 1855
. Edwin . 875
. Yeager . 3426
- G.G. Smith . 2904
. Edwin . 876
. Jocelyn . : . . 1554
: Goodman & Piggot . . L154
Edwin . . 8i7
. Savage . 2751
. Dodson 507
. Boyd . - 264
. Longacre . 2091
. Phillips . . 2541
. Seymour . 2877
. Leney . 1895
. Edwin . 878
Tiebout . 3190
: Birch. . . 206
Yeager 3435-36
. Paradise . 650
. Rollinson . 2720
. Tanner & Co. . 3113
. Hill . 1372
ITEM
Spaniards at Carthagena
Spanish Inn, The
Spencer, Mrs. E.
Spencer, H. E. .
Spencer, O.M. .
Spencer, Thomas .
Spener, Philip James
Spirit Creek, Ga.
Spinning Machine .
Sprague, William B. .
Spring, Gardner
Sproat, James .
Staél, Madame de .
Staffa . ,
Stag and Hound
Stamp Act Repealed .
Stanford, John .
Stanislaus, Augustus
Stanley, Mrs.
Stanton, E.M. .
Stark, John . —
State Guards, Pa. .
Staughton, William .
Stead, Henry .
Steamer Experiment .
Steele, Sir Richard
Stennett, Samuel
Stephen before the Council
Sterne, Laurence
Steuben’s Regulations
Stewart, Charles
Stewart, Mrs.
Stiles, Ezra .
INDEX
ARTIST
Hervieu
Hervieu
Longacre .
Scott
Shaw
Morse
Clay .
Inman .
Franks .
Rider
Wood
Eckstein
Peale
Peale
Paradise
Richardson
Reynolds .
Wood
Ingham
379
ENGRAVER
. Revere
Tanner
. Longacre
. Longacre
. Longacre
Hdwin
. Haines
. Longacre
. Longacre
. Hill
Tully .
. Durand .
. Durand .
Edwin
. Jocelyn-Munson .
Tanner
. Longacre
. Revere
. Main .
Tiebout .
. Leney
. Snyder
. Pelton ee
. GG. Smith.
. Nesmith .
. Bowen
Eckstein
. Hdwin
. G.G. Smith
. Paradise
. Hamlin .
. Haines
. Hamm
. Leney
. Woodruff
PR UOMerae
. Hill
. Longacre
. Norman .
. Tanner
. Poupard
. Goodman
. Paradise
. Doolittle
. Hdwin
CHECK LIST
NUMBERS
. 2686
. 3140
. 2093
. 2094
. 2095
899
. 1215
. 2096
. 2092
. 1343
. 3328
651
652
. 960
. 1555
. 3141
. 2146
. 2695
. 2163
. 3191
. 1856
. 2993
. 2521
. 2905
. 2325
Q17
686
. 880
. 2906
. 2408
. 1248
. 1216
. 1258
. 1857
. 3404
. 1016
. 1371
. 2097
. 2344
. 3101
. 2555
. 1122
. 2409
516
881
ITEM
Stiles, Ezra .
Stillman, Samuel
St eee ge PAM cam
Stollenwerck’s Panorama .
Stone, Thomas .
Strahan, William .
Strong, Caleb
Strong, Nathan . :
Stuart, Charles Gilbert .
Sullivan, James
Summer
Summerfield, J tee
Sunday School Soc., Phila.
Susquehanna River
Sutton, Amos
Suwarow, Alexander .
Swaim, William
Swartz, C. F. :
Sweeds Ford, Pa. .
Swift, Jonathan
Swords, Mr. .
Sydenham, Thomas
Sydney, Algernon .
Taawattaa
Talma, Francois I.
Tammany, King
Tammany Society, N. Y.
Tanjore Pagoda
Tasso, Torquato
Taylor, James B.
Taylor, N. W.
Temple, Earl
Temple, Charlotte .
Temple, William
Templeof Pluto .
Ten Broeck, Dirck . .
INDEX
ARTIST ENGRAVER
GP emstce . Hil sae
Doyle - Annin & Smith
Doyle - Leney ..
Johnson . . Snyder
Porter . . Strickland .
ae . Simonne
Pine . . Ellis
Dhawan Leney
Coles . Edwin
Stuart . Longacre
TERE. . Norman .
Doyle - JR. Smith
Stewart . Pelton
Goodrich . Durand .
Neagle . . Edwin
Rowe? iiss . Fox
Pocock . . Birch .
Waldo & Jewett Durand .
(Certificate) . Smither
Morton. Strickland .
James . Pelton
eis hate . Clarke.
Inman . . Durand .
Smart . Pelton
. Hewitt
. DLeney
. Longacre
. DLeney
. Jones .
. Scoles
Porter . . Strickland .
. Jocelyn-Munson .
. Eckstein
(Certificate) .
Graham .
. Scoles
Hooker .
Waldo &I moat Jocelyn .
Jocelyn
. Jocelyn .
. Haines
. Osborn
Tiebout
i Gimbrede
. Harrison
. Gridley. 0s
380
CHECK LIST
NUMBERS
. 1380
102
. 1858
. 2994
. 3074
. 2901
973
. 1859
. 882
, 2098
. 9845
. 2931
. 2522
653
. 883
. 1015
158
. 654
. 2988
. 3064
. 2593
407
. 655
. 2524
. 1399
. 1860
. 1980
. 1861
. 1525
. 2821
. 3075
. 1556
» 1689
. 1171
. 2849
. 1446
. 1557
. 1558
- RRL
ITEM
Tennent, Gilbert
Thacher, Peter .
Thacher, William .
Theatre of War in N. A..
Theatrical Costumes .
Thomas, Isaiah. .
Thomson, A. .
Thomson, James ..
Thomson, John .
Thomson, Samuel .
Thomson’s Seasons
Thorburn, Grant .
Thornton, Bonnell
Thresher, G. . Nib
Thunder Storm, The .
Thurston, Gardner
Tickell, Thomas .
Tighe, Mrs. . .
Tilghman, William
Tompkins, Daniel D. .
Tone, Theobald Wolfe
Tooke, John Horne
Tomb of the Scipios .
Torrey, Jesse, Jr. .
Tousard, A. Louis
Town and Country Builder
Tower of Horns
Tree, Ellen .
Trenck, Baron Frederick
Trenton Arch
Trenton Bridge
Triumph of Liberty .
roy, 0. Ys.
Transylvania University
Truair, John ..
Trumbull, Benjamin .
Trumbull, Jonathan .
CHECK LIST
ARTIST ENGRAVER NUMBERS
. Edwin . 884
: . . Harris . 1272
Paradise - Paradise . - 2410
- Norman . - 2367
Rieu ghd . Clay . 395
Doyle . Jones . . 1526
Williams - JR. Smith - 2932
. Longacre . 2138
. Haines . 1218
. Longacre - 2136
. Norman . . 2346
- Prudhomme . 2612
. Woodruff - 3405
‘ . Danforth & Co. ~ 455
Williams Williams . 3365
(Title-page) . Roberts . - 2704
Aviat oie ae Yeager . 3427
EP er ae . Haines . 1219
Crawley . Leney . 1862
snes Sires . Revere . 2697
erent . Reed . . 2654
Kneller . Leney . 1863
Comerford . Boyd. 265
Bridport . Bridport 278
© 0 0 « « » Campbell 21g299
Sully .. . Jones - 1527 -
atari ts 0 he OTTAEOR . 1289
. Haines . 1220
. Johnston . 1495
Wright-Bale . 3414
vee, Tanner . . 3142
Peale ‘ Goodman § Piggot . . 1155
Malbone . Edwin . . 886
. Norman . - 2367
. Shallus . 2898
. Johnsion . 1496
. Bill . : . 1381
ae ee . Trenchard . . 3300
Barralet . Murray . 2294
hee . Verger : . 3344
Wall . JR. Smith . 2938
Jouett . Gridley . 1186
Jocelyn . Jocelyn . . 1559
Munger . . Jocelyn . . 1560
Doolittle S17
381
ITEM
Trumbull, Jonathan .
Trumbull, Col. John .
Trumbull, John (Poet) .
Truxton, Thomas .
Tupper, Martin F,
Twaits, Mr.
Tyerman, Daniel
Tyler, John .
Tynwald Hill
Typee God
Tyson, Elisha
Ullwater, England
Ulmus, New Species of .
United States, Arms of .
United States Capitol, 1814
United States and England
United States, Frigate
United States and Macedonian
Universal Magazine .
Unknown Boy .
Unknown Man .
Unknown Woman
Upper Ferry Bridge, Pa.
Urania i
Urquhart, John
Van Buren, Martin
Van Rensselaer, Stephen
Valentine, The .
Valley Forge, Pa. . :
Van-ta-gin . . « 6 2 6 «
Various Headlands
Vaucluse Fountain
INDEX
CHECK LIST
ARTIST ENGRAVER NUMBERS
Trumbull . . Pelton . 2525
Waldo& Jewett Durand . .... . 656
Trumbull . . Durand-Maverick 657, 2229
Tisdale . 3256
pet ie tak . Anderson 63
(Medal) - Edwin . 886
(Medal) . Lawson . . 1687
Robertson Tiebout . - 3193
. Kelly . . 1625
. J.R. Smith . 2933
. Pelton . 2526
. Dearborn ~ ATS
. Harrison . 1304
Sas . Strickland . . 3076
Street . Cone 423
gees . Leney . 1896
Thomas . Doolittle a fs
tonsa . Trenchard . 3281-82
Ryder . Lawson . . 1699
(Caricature) . Akin . 28
PER TS tt . Clarke - 413
Birch . Seymour . 2879
Birch - Tanner . 3143
(Title-page) . Harrison . 1305
+ 49 oe ja 8 pe ee 2142-43
Liibber . - Gimbrede . 1105
Sreeiome a . 1880
Weinedel . . Longacre . 2141
Wightman .. Prudhomme . 2620
se nes aie” Pehenmse . 2450
Birch . Plocher . . 2549
Strickland . Plocher . . 2547
(Music-book) Dawkins . ATO
é ge ca ok jy Ss ee . 1626
Inman . Chapin . 306
Longacre . . Longacre . 2099
Sa aaa . W.D. Smith . 2965
Dickinson . Durand . . 658
Allston . . Longacre . 2145
Strickland Tiebout . . 3233
. Radcliffe . 2630
. Leney . 1897
. Seymour . 2888
382
ITEM
Vaughan, John .
Versailles Insurrection .
Victuallers’ Procession .
Vinton, Robert S. .
Virgin Mary
Virgin and Child
Virginia . .
Virginia Coast .
Virtue Dispelling aah :
Voisin, Mr.
Volney, C. F.
Voltaire, F. M.A. .
Walker, John
Walker, Thomas A.
Wallis, Miss .
Waln, Nicholas -
War Canoe
War Club, ete. .
Ward, Artemus
Ware, Thomas .
Warner, Hiram
Warren, Anna Brunton .
Warren, Joseph
Warren, Jos., Deathof .
Warren, William .
Warrington, Lewis
Washing Day, The
Washington, Bushrod
Washington, George .
INDEX
ARTIST
Sully .
Bridport
Krimmel
Raphael
(Map) .
(Map) .
De la Tour
DeWiilde
Porter .
Conarroe
Peale
Peale
Brougham
Sully
Neagle .
Jarvis
(Caricature) .
. Longacre
. Longacre
. Neagle ;
Akin & Harrison
Harding
Wood
383
ENGRAVER
. Steel
. Nesmith .
Yeager
. Piggot
. Pekenino
Edwin
. Aitken
- Lawson .
. Smither .
. Hill
. Maverick
. Scoles
. Gimbrede
. Aill
. Maverick
. Norman .
. Anderson
. Edwin
. Kelly .
. Longacre
. Prudhomme
. Leney
Edwin
. Strickland .
. Strickland .
. Schoff-Kelly. .
. Longacre
. Prudhomme
. Edwin
. Edwin
. Gimbrede
Harris
. Kelly .
. Norman .
Okey .
. Norman .
. Edwin
. Longacre
Gimbrede
Clay
Barralet
CHECK LIST
NUMBERS
. 3017
. 2322
. 3438
. 2544
. 2459
923
ome a
. 1700
. 2989
. 1373
. 2260
. 2807
. 1094
. 1373
. 2261
. WAT
69
. 887
. 1627
. 2100
. 2613
. 1864
. 888
. 3077
. 3078
. 1628
. 2101
. 2614
889
Remy (|
. 1095
. 1273
. 1629
9348- 49
. 2373
. 2364
. 890
. 2102
. 1096
. 394
. 2103
. 2104
. 2312
22
118
ITEM
Washington, George .
INDEX
ARTIST
Stuart ..
Houdon
Stuart .
Trumbull .
Weir
Eckstein
Bartok .
Peale
Stuart .
Trott
Robertson
Bartoli .
Stuart .
Trott
Stuart .
Savage .
Houdon
Stuart .
Barralet
Stuart .
Stuart .
Fairman
Stuart .
Stuart .
384
CHECK LIST
ENGRAVER NUMBERS
. Bower 235
- Brunton . 282
. Callender Sth er BSF
. Chapin . 307-09
Charles 312
Chorley . <1 See
. Clarke . 408-10
. Danforth & Co. . . 456
. Doolittle ~. . 619-21
. Durand . GO
. Durand . . 661-62
. Durand . 659
. Durand . 663
. Eckstein 687
. Edwin 905
. Hdwin . . 908
. Edwin . 892, 901
. Edwin-Murray 855
. Fairman . 995
. Fairman . 994
. Field . . . 1004
. Field . . 1005
. Folwell . 1007
. Galland . . 1024
. Gimbrede . 1097
. Gimbrede. . 1098-1100
- Gobrecht - 1115
. Gobrecht 1116-17
- Goodman . 1193
. Goodman & Piggot . . 1156
. Gridley . 1184
. Hamlin . 1236, 1238-41
. Hamlin . . 1937
. O.P. Harrison 1282-83
. R. Harrison . 1806
. R.G. Harrison . 1811-18
. W. Harrison 1291-92
. S. Hill me |
. Houston 1465-67
- Houston . 1464
. Jocelyn . . 1561
. Johnston . 1497
. Kearny . 1571
Kelly . 1630-31
. Kennedy - » 1637
ITEM
Washington, George .
INDEX
ARTIST
Barralet
Birch
Houdon
Stuart .
Stuart .
Trott
Wright
Stuart .
Wright .
Stuart .
Blyth
Stuart .
Peale .
Stuart .
Stuart .
Peale
Stuart .
Stuart .
Cerrachi
Stuart .
Stuart .
Stuart .
Robertson .
Savage .
Wright .
Savage .
Stuart .
Savage .
Stuart .
Tisdale .
Wright .
Peale
Savage -
Stuart .
Fullerton .
Stuart .
Stuart .
Stuart .
385
CHECK LIST
ENGRAVER NUMBERS
. Kneass 1655-57
. Lawson . 1688-89
. Lawson . . 1690
. Leney . 1666
. Leney . 1869
. Leney 1865, 1867-68
. Longacre 2106-10
. Longacre . 2105
. Manly . 271
. Maverick 2230-31
. Maverick . 2232
. Murray . 2286
. Neagle . 2313
. Nesmith 9319-20
. Norman . . 2351
. Norman . . 2354
. Norman 2350, 2352-53, 2355
. Paradise . 2411
. Paradise . 2412
. Peabody . 2419
. Peale . 2427-29
. Pekenino . 2453
. Pelton . 2527, 2531
. Perkins . . 2539
. Pru@homme . 2615
. PruvVhomme . 2616
. Rawdon . . 2637
. Reed . 2655-56
. Roberts . . 2701
. Rollinson . 2719
. Rollinson . 2718
. Rollinson . 217
. Savage 2752-53
. Savage . 2755
. Scoles . 2809
. Scoles 9810-11
. Scoles . « 2812
. Scoles . . 2808
. Scot . 2863
. Seymour . 2878
. Shallus . 2894
. G.G. Smith . 2907
. G.G. Smith . 2908
. J.B. Smith . 2934
| W.D. Smith , 2966
ITEM
Washington, George .
Washington Family .
Washington Memorial
Washington, Martha .
Washington, D. C.
Washington, Capitol .
INDEX
ARTIST
Dickinson .
Stuart .
Stuart .
Savage .
Stuart .
Bruaton
Stuart .
Stuart .
Robertson .
Wright .
Peale
Trumbull .
Stuart .
Stuart .
Trott.
Wright .
Stuart .
Savage .
Stutson
Robertson.
Blyth
Cooke
(Plan) .
(Plan) .
(Plan) .
Birch
Bulfinch
Rider
Doughty
Bulfinch
Washington, President’s House Catlin
Washington, Indian Queen Hotel .
Washington Crossing Delaware Sully
Washington Funeral Procession .
Washington’s Grave .
Washington Grays
Washington’s Headquarters .
Washington Rock .
Wasp and Frolic, Battle
Shaw
Fairman
Albright
Claxton
Birch
386
CHECK LIST
ENGRAVER NUMBERS
. Steel . 3018
. Steel . . 3019
. Strickland . . 3052
Tanner «on LOS
. Tanner 3102-04, 3106
Tanner . 3107
Tiebout . . 3196
. Tiebout . 3194-95
.) Diller . 3241, 3247
. Tisdale . 3257
Todd . . 3271
Trenchard . . 3276
Trenchard . . . .3277-%8
Tucker . 3314
Tucker . 8315
Wightman . . » 3358
Willard . 3390-92
. Woodruff 3406-07
. O10. Wright a2 . . 3415
. J. Wright «is oo
Yeager 3428-29
. Savage . 2754
. Hill . 1360
. Longacre . 2111
. Norman . . 2356
. Peale . . 2430
. Bennett . . 149
. Hill . 1414
. Rollinson ~ « « BIQ4
Thackara & Vallance . 3153
. Birch . 5 ine teas 190
. Childs . 879
. Lawson . . 1699
. Steel . 3038
. Stone . 3042-43
. Frederick . 1019
. Kearny . 1575
. Lang . 1672
. Birch . - 1387
. Hill . 1343
. Childs . 380
. Steel . 3036
- Murray . . 2295
. Kearny . . 1581
. Seymour . 2880
ITEM
Waterhouse, Benjamin .
Waters, Abigail
Water Gap, Pa.
Watkins, John .
Watson, Elkanah .
Watson, R.
Watts, Isaac .
Watts, James
- Waugh, Beverly
Wayne, Anthony .
Weaders, Michel
Wear Bridge, England .
Webb, Thomas S. .
Webster, Daniel
Webster, Noah .
Weehawken, N. J. .
Wellington, Duke of
Wells, Joshua
Wells, Mrs... .
INDEX
ARTIST
ENGRAVER
. «Harris
Johnson-Doyle Annin
Birch
cy ° e °
Wilson .
Pine .
Peale
Elouis
Trumbull .
Savage .
Penniman .
Staigg .
Morse
Bennett
Neilson .
Darley,
DeWilde
387
. Strickland .
. Leney
. Paradise
. Longacre
Tucker
Childs
Cone
. Hamlin .
. Hill
. Ncoles
Turner
. Pelton
. Prudhomme
- Hdwin
Graham .
. Harris
. Norman .
. Pru@homme
. Savage
Tanner
Warner .
Thackara
Clarke
Tanner
. Annin & Smith
. Annin :
. Dearborn
. Dodson-Cheney
dire. o-4. . Durand:.
Frothingham .
. Longacre .
Hoogland
. Longacre
. Durand .
Willard .
. Bennett .
- Durand .
. Ellis
. Boyd .
Gimbrede
. Goodman
. Rollinson
Willard .
. Paradise
. Leney
CHECK LIST
NUMBERS
. 1274
ats 81
. 3066
. 1870
. WIZ
. 2138
. 3313
349
. 444
. 1242
. 1386
. 2814
. 3329
. 2532
. . 2617
. 701, 909
. 1169
. 1275
. 2357
. 9618
. 2756
. 3108
. 3349
. 3148
. 416
3144
. 103
82
46
. 502
576 II
. 1434
9119-14
. 664
. 3393
150
677
979
. 266
. 1101
. 1194
. 2722
. 3394
. . 9414
1871-72
INDEX
ITEM ARTIST ENGRAVER
Welsh Society, Phila. (Certificate) . Barralet .
Welsteed, William Copley . . Copley
‘Wemyss, Mr... | Snes, Neagle . . Longacre
Wentworth, Wilbrahim . pmclip Revere
Wernwag Bridges his . Gridley
Wesley, Charles ..3 925%... - Danforth
Wiesley, John. .<.) 20m). . Bowen
. Durand .
emiierues . Graham .
Jackson . Longacre
es a sete Rk . Longacre
Jackson . Munson .
. Paradise
. Pekenino
. Poupard
. Scoles
. Snyder
West, Benjamin . Hdwin
Durand .
Pate . Longacre
West, Benjamin,Jr.. . . . West Tiebout .
West, Raphael . . . . . . West . Tiebout .
West Point, N. Y. « siwov® . Cooke . Bennett .
Livingston Tiebout .
West Point Academy .. . Catlin . Hill
West Point Monument . . . Shaw . Hill
West Rock, Conn. . Fraser . Childs
Western Expedition . Sieiiey. star - Graham .
Wharton, Escape of Capt. Hoppin . Pru@homme
Wheelock, Eleazar .. . . Steward - (euOeds..
White, Elizabeth Eky omesumkagers . Hill
White, Henry Kirke . Barber . - Annin .
Barber . . Boyd .
be . Pelton
. Scoles
White, Mr. William ¥ acai . Leney .
White, Rev. William . Inman . . Dodson .
Stuart . . Edwin
Otis . . Otis
Sully. . Pekenino
Stuart . . Tiebout .
White, William Charles ...... . Hiil
White Mountains, N. H. . Kidder . . Bowen
White Plains Battle . (Plan) . - Martin
Whitefield, George wibikp sie . Bowen
388
CHECK LIST
NUMBERS
120
e 44,0
. 2115
- 665
- 1170
2116-19
- 2120
- 2282
.. « G415
» 2454
- 2552
- 2815
- 2995
910
- 666
- 2121
«ia lO8
- . 3198
- Jbl
. 3235
. 1354
. 1343
- « 381
1173-74
. 2621
. 2657
. 1383
ITEM
Whitefield, George .
Whitney, Eli
Wickliffe, John
Wignell,Mr. ...
Wignell, Anne Brunton
Wilberforce, William
Wilbur, Hervey
Wilkes, Charles.
Willett, Marinus
William I—England .
William IV—England .
Williams, Jonathan
Williams, John. .
Williams, John C. .
Williams, Otho H. .
Williams, Roger
Williams, Stephen
Williamson, Hugh
Wilmington, Del. .
Wilson, Alexander
Wilson, James .
Wilson, James P. .
Wilson, Mr. . . ;
Winchell, James M. .
Winchester, ElInathan
Winder, William H. .
Windermere, England .
Winnipiseogee Lake .
Winthrop, John
Winterbotham, William
Wirt, William
Wissahickon Creek .
389
ARTIST ENGRAVER
. Boyd .
. . Edwin
- Gallaudet
ears - Snyder
King - Hoogland
: . . Snyder ..
pine ages op - Dunlap
Dunlap - Edwin .
Cruikshank . Murray .
Cruikshank . Tanner
Metcalf - Durand .
Sully - Dodson .
es - Gimbrede
- Leney .
aE ae | - Pru@homme
- Sully - Dodson .
Reese . Gimbrede
- Cone .
peietion . LeMet
Peale . Longacre
. Longacre
st yaes) ho ay Allen.
Trumbull . . Durand .
Trenchard .
a . Barralet .
Peale . Edwin
. . Edwin .
Shee . Longacre
Wood . Boyd .
. DeWilde . Leney os
. Doyle . Annin & Smith
‘ae . Snyder .
Wood . Cone .
Loutherbourg Birch .
Cole . - Durand .
Penniman . Chorley .
. Doolittle
. Harris
. Pelion
. Scoles
. Tanner
tis ta ba ee
Longacre . . Longacre
Edwin . . Maverick
Shaw . Hill
CHECK LIST
NUMBERS
- 6 .! 268
. 912, 961
- » 1025
- 2995
- 1435
- 2995
550
. 918
- 2287
- 3109
667
. 504
- 1103
. 1874
- 2619
. 503
. 1102
- 425
- 1704
- 2122
. 1981
40
- 668
. 3301
119
914
~~ 915
» 2123
. 269
. 1876
. 104
. 2995
426
157
678
389
. 518
. 1276
. 2534
. 2817
. 3110
916
2194-25
- 2233
. 1343
ITEM
Wistar, Caspar .
Withero, Capt. .
Witherspoon, John
Wolcott, John
Wolcott, Oliver .
Wolfe, Charles .
Woman in Boat
Wood, James
Wood, Juliana W.
Wood, William B. .
Woodbury, Levi
Woodhull, John
Woodlands, Pa.
Woodworth, Samuel .
Woolsey, Elijah
Wooster, David
Worcester, Samuel
Woodsworth, William
Wright, Sir Samson .
Wright’s Ferry, Pa. .
Wroughton, Mr.
Wylie, Samuel B. .
Wythe, George .
Yale College, Conn.
Yellow Springs, Pa. .
York, Canada
York, Attack on
York Island .
Yorktown, Va. .
Yorktown, Siege of
- Bridport
INDEX
CHECK LIST
ARTIST ENGRAVER NUMBERS
Otis . - Goodman & Piggot 1157-58
Haines . » Haines... 2 ee eee
Haines . « JONES .°. 0 San eee
Otis . . Longacre... . .« 2196
Otis . « Neagle: « 2°) yameereoee
DeWilde . Leney +) . eee
as . hdwin' (oc See
Peale . Longacre 9. vw) 4 SIRT
Peale . Pelton il. aes
© Hh er ee eee
ae .. Leney’. . San aay
Sully « Durand . . ote peeewee
ees . Longacre ssa aaa
Sola ahs . Sanford 10.) 5 -« nee
Russell Willard... «6 eS
(Frontispiece) Edwin... . . . 932
8 0 8 oe oe CORR Rs ie ene
Peale . Edwin. . 2 eek Sees
Sully . Edwin: 's eae.
Neagle . . Elle. o 4 Nie eee
Longacre .
. Longacre . +s « = 9. 2129
. Edwin. s +. ©» 962
Birch . Birch... oh Bae
Strickland . Murray .... . . 2296
Birch Tucker | i 08 Ae be eee
Freeman . Gimbrede . . . ~* s Y104
Paradise . Paradise .. . . . 670
bay, sa . Longacre... . . » 9130
Morse . Anning Smith . . . 105
Bowall . . Longacre ... . . 2131
Chantry « Pelton. 665 echo Ain ea
cae naaper ae . Leney ses Re
gn Sat aS . Cooke |. 30 setae ieee
DeWilde - Leney: isa 1 page
Neagle . . Longacre .. . . .« 2132
ae tS - Leney a) vi tilawaeee
. Longacre ... . . 2133
Pratt . Jocelyn .. +. ss wee
Andrews . Murrey 2 6 eae
Birch ..
(Map) .
390
DOROY 6 4 ete eee
. Nesmith. « «+ ta 2aet
. Bitch: 2 se kyle
» Seot.o. scat ieteaee ae
- Shallus ... . . « » 2895
ITEM
York Springs, Pa. .
Young, David
Young, Edward
Zwingli, Ulric
INDEX
CHECK LIST
ARTIST ENGRAVER NUMBERS
Bhai hte HO eee age
een Po hetits. way FE ROROR stele) soe te) eee
Neagle . . . Longacre ... . .« 2134
Pid gcs nN ee eg! et ee ORDEAL eM own salen ee
. Johnston ... . . 1498
. Longacre . . ». » + 2135
. Pekenino . .« . « « 24656
50) Ee Tet OSes eee Le
Wagner... . . . 3346
391
~~
a>
Pat ew oa
t vids a,
Le
>» La te
(| ees LL, am
+
i
{-
no