peeves MAI IC NOTES AND MONOGRAPHS Numismatic Notes AND MonoGRAPHS is devoted to essays and treatises on sub- jects relating to coins, paper money, medals and decorations, and is uniform with Hispanic Notes and Monographs published by The Hispanic Society of America, and with Indian Notes and Monographs issued by the Museum of the American Indian—Heye Foundation. PUBLICATION COMMITTEE AGNES BALDWIN Brett, Chairman Henry RUSSELL DROWNE JouHN REILLy, Jr. EDITORIAL STAFF SyDNEY Puitip Nos, Editor Howtanp Woop, Associate Editor V. E. Earwe, Assistant Poe ie N J) ER BOAR D> ieee ORL SAR NA. BY EDWARD T. NEWELL THE AMERICAN NUMISMATIC SOCIETY BROADWAY AT I560TH STREET NEW YORK 1923 COPYRIGHT, THE AMERICAN NU Pee eee RO AO ARDS THE ANDRITSAENA HOARD By Epwarp T. NEweELL This small but interesting hoard is stated to have been found near Andrit-| saena in the Peloponnesus and was of-| fered for sale by an Athenian antiquity dealer early in March of 1923. How long before this it had been found, we do not know. It was entirely due to the in- terest and active intervention of Mr. Sydney P. Noe, who chanced to be in Athens at the time, that the Philip and Alexander portion of the find was se- cured intact, as well as casts of many of the remaining Bceeotian, 7“ginetan, Sicy-| onian, and Olympian staters. No further particulars concerning the hoard, or the circumstances surrounding its discovery, are at present available. As it had passed through at least two hands before reaching the Athenian dealer, it was found impossible to secure Ne@eVigies Vere bl oN OT ES 4 ALEXAN D FE ReSe GSaeee any further information. All we can definitely state is that it was certainly found in the Peloponnesus and that all the specimens offered to and secured by the dealer have been seen. \W hetiter the find was originally larger is not definitely known, but the person from whom the dealer acquired his portion is said to have made the vague statement that he believed there were a few more pieces. None, however, were seen in Athens be- fore the end of May, 1923. As the con- tents of the hoard make a well rounded out whole, it is quite possible that we possess it in its entirety. At any rate, it is well worth publishing. As a whole, the coins in this hoard are exceedingly well preserved. Not only was their original owner apparently very particular with regard to the condition of the pieces which he added to his sav- ings, but time also has dealt kindly with the little treasure entrusted to its not always tender care. When found, the majority of our coins were but slightly oxidized, some not at all. This oxidiza- NUMISMA £2 CN Oe Peek le orA EN A tion has proved easily removable, as has also the fawn-colored earth or clay which originally encrusted all of the coins. With three exceptions, reserved for pos- sible future reference, all of the Philips and Alexanders have now been cleaned. | The weights of the Beeotian, A*ginetan, Sicyonian, and Olympian staters were not ascertained, but those of the remain- der are given below. | PHILIP II OF MACEDON, 359-336 B.c. MINT oF AMPHIPOLIS. I TETRADRACHM. Obv. Laureate head of Zeus to r. Rev. ®JAINMMOY. . Youthful rider | wearing fillet and holding palm branch, on horseback to r. Beneath foreleg, ROSE. Miller, No. 75. VG. gr. 14.47. 2 TETRADRACHM. Obv. Similar. Rev. Similar. Beneath horse, BEE and STERN. Miullere’No. 197. F. gr. 14.32. 3 TETRADRACHM. Obv. Similar. Pee yeOeneOrG R A P°H'S ALEXANDER VO spe Rev. Similar. Beneath horse, BEE and DOUBLE HEAD. Miller, No. 2701. F. gr. 14.435. Plate I. 4 TETRADRACHM. Similar to the preceding. F. gr. 34.38. 5 TETRADRACHM. Obv. Similar. Rev. Similar. Beneath horse, pouBLE HEAD. Miller, No. 269. VF. gr. 14.535. 6 TETRADRACHM. Obv. Similar. Rev. Similar. Beneath foreleg, povu- BLE HEAD. Miller, No. 269. VG. gr. 14.375. 7 TETRADRACHM. Obv. Similar. Rev. Similar. Beneath foreleg, sTERN. Miller, No. 210. VG. gr. 14.22. Mint oF PELLA. 8 TETRADRACHM. Obv. Similar. Rev. ®IAIMIMOY. The king in kausia and mantle, right hand raised, advanc- ing to 1. on horseback. Beneath horse, HM. Miller, No. 297. G. gr. 14.26. Plate I. NUMIS MAT Gai Pa NeDskRel tes AE NA g TETRADRACHM. Obv. Similar. Rev. Youthful horseman to r. as on No. 1. Beneath horse, THUNDERBOLT. In exergue, N. Miiller, No. 11. VG. gr. 14.33. Plate I. Posthumous issue of circa 325 B.C. 10 TETRADRACHM. Obv. Similar, but of later style. Rev. Similar, but of later style. Be- neath horse, FLYING BEE. Variety of Miller, No. 191. VF. gr. 14.31. Plate I. ALEXANDER III OF MACEDON, 336-323 B.C. Mint or AMPHIPOLIS. Group A, circa 336-334 B.C. 1I-I2 TETRADRACHMS. Obv. Head of young Heracles to r. Rev. AAEZANAPOY. Zeus etophor seated to 1. on throne. In front, PRow. Maller, No, 503: G. gr. 17.07. F. 17.09. Group B, circa 333 and 332 B.C. 13 TETRADRACHM. Obv. Similar. Rev. Similar. In field, BUNCH OF GRAPES. Miller, No. 306. F. gr. 17.15. Ee fs eevOwN-OPG RUA PHS 6 ALEX AN DE Ree eheee Group D, cirea 330 and 32018-6 14 TETRADRACHM. Obv. Similar. Rev. Similar. In field, cLusp and (5) Variety of Miller, No. 138. F. gr. 17.095. 15 LTETRADRACHM. Obv. Similar. Rev. Similar. In field, HORSE’S HEAD. Miller, No. 528. VF. gr. 17.145. 16 ‘TETRADRACHM. Obv. Similar. Rev. Similar. In field, DOLPHIN. Miller, No. 539: G, gr.917-2e: Group E, circa 328 and 327 B.c. 17 TETRADRACHM. Obv. Similar. Rev. Similar. In field, HERM. Miller, No. 366. VF. gr. 17.24. 18 TETRADRACHM. Obv. Similar. Rev. Similar. In field, cock. Miller, No. 392. VF. 16.945. Group F, circa 326 B.c. 19 [TETRADRACHM. Obv. Similar. Rev. Similar. In field, Bow and QUIVER. Miller, No. 591. VF. gr. 17.15. Group G, circa 325 B.C. 20 TETRADRACHM. Obv. Similar. NUMISMA TL Geese Peele Ast) NA Rev. Similar, but inscription: AAEZ- ANA—P—OYBASIAEQOS. In field, CORNUCOPIA. Miller, No. 368. VF. gr. 17.22. Group H, circa 324 and 323 B.c. 21-22 TETRADRACHMS. Obv. Similar. Rev. Similar, but inscription: BAXI- AEQS AAEZANAPOY. In field, PHRYG- IAN CAP. Miller e No. osa. VE, er. 17.21, 17.16. 23 TETRADRACHM. Obv. Similar. Rev. Similar. In field, TRIPOD. Maller, No. 146. VF. gr. 17.20. Group J.wwee 322 and 321 P.c. 24 TETRADRACHM. Obv. Similar. Rev. Similar. In field, "6 Miller, No. 860. VF. gr. 17.125. Plate II. 25-28 TETRADRACHMS. Obv. Similar. Rev. Similar. In field, LQ Muller Nos 663, Ff. D,C. gr: 17.18, 17.20, ore 7. Group J, circa 320 and 319 B.C. 29 [TETRADRACHM. Obv. Similar. Rev. Similar. In field, EAR OF BARLEY. peveDae@ wd GR A PH 5S ALEXA N DIRS Oe .gn eee Beneath throne, TI. Miller, No. 570. F. Di CGrrpraizas, 30 TETRADRACHM. Obv. Similar. Rev. Similar. In field, LAUREL SPRIG. Beneath throne, II. Miller, No. 560, F.1D. -C. grin7.10; 31 TETRADRACHM. Obv. Similar. Rev. Similar. In field, cRESCENT (up- right). Beneath throne, IT. Miller, No. 2614_F. DEG@iegrer7ccs: 32 TETRADRACHM. Obv. Similar. Rev. Similar. In field, cRESCENT (in- verted). Beneath throne, II. Variety of Muller, Ne. 26159) 205 Cer 17.32. Plate II. MINT oF PELLA. Circa 336-320 B.C. 33-35 TETRADRACHMS. Obv. Similar, but of different style. Rev. Similar, but of different style. Beneath throne, ©. Miller, No. 197. WG: to Py erar7-1291 7-16 17,19, 36 TETRADRACHM. Obv. Similar. NUM ISM AVG whe aia Paneer lies AE NA Rev. Similar. In field, AY Nitlers Now 702... C. gr. 17.32. Plate IT. 37 [TETRADRACHM. Obv. Similar. Rev. Similar. No symbol. Variety not in Miller. VF. gr. 17.195. 38 TETRADRACHM. Obv. Similar. Rev. Similar. Beneath throne, sBu- CRANIUM. Muller, No. 98. VF. gr. 17.17. UNCERTAIN MINT IN MACEDONIA or THESSALY. 39-40 TETRADRACHMS. Obv. Similar to the preceding. Rev. Similar. In field, HELMET. Be- neath throne, AX. Muller o.1472.0 8. D.C. gr: 17.14, 37.195. MINT OF PHASELIS OR SIDE. 41-53 TETRADRACHMS. Obv. Head of fine style to r. Rev. AAEZANAPOY onr., BASIAEQOS in exergue. Zeus on high-back throne to 1. In field, wreatH. Beneath throne, AT. Mier Nom-c0. p..to F. DD: C. gr, 17.00; iePOta me Os mel tO e710 se 07.b2s 17.045 Peet eer gO. T7155 17.225 17.25. Plate II. PevebeminOeN OGRA PH S 10 ALEX A.N: DE Re ere aia 54 [ETRADRACHM. Obv. Similar. Rev. Similar. Beneath throne, AT. Miller, No. 216. VBa or 17 aase 55 LETRADRACHM. Obv. Similar. Rev. Similar, but with BASIAEQOS above. In field) Al” Bencathetitone: BS. Miller, No. 1483) “HP DAC erei 7-105: MinT oF TARSUS. Series |, circa 333-427528.¢6 56 TETRADRACHM. Obv. Head of young Heracles of east- ern style. Rev. Zeus, of eastern style, i enthroned to 1. Below throne, A. Newell, Tarsos under Alexander, No. 6. VG? of) re 57 [ETRADRACHM. Obv. Similar. Rev. Similar. Beneath throne, B. Newell, 1. c. (NO, 10. ine reaee MiInT oF SALAMIS. Series I, 332-320 B.c. 58 TETRADRACHM. Obv. Similar. Rev. Similar. In field, pow. NUMISM A®T 1 CN Gea Ewer iet oo LN A Miller, No. 1287. (See also, Newell, Some Cypriote Alexanders, Num. Chron., 1915, No, 7.)) VGe er. 17.12. Plate III. MINT oF CITIUM. Series I, 332-320 B.c. 59 [TETRADRACHM. Obv. Similar. Rev. Similar. In field, k Muller, No. 1294. (See also, Newell, /. c. Noss.) EH, et. 172045. Plate III. MInT oF MyRIANDRUS. Sericg atl, Caycea 320. B.C. 60 TETRADRACHM. Obv. Similar. Rev. Similar. BASTAROS (on 1, AAEZANAPO in exergue. In field, x Beneath throne, % Newell, Myriandros—Alexandria kat’ Isson, No. 20. F. gr. 16.98. Series III, circa 328-326 B.c. 61 TETRADRACHM. Obv. Similar. Rev. Similar, but without the title, and with AAEZANAPOY on r. Same monograms. Newell, J. c. No. 22. F. gr. 17.035. Series IV, circa 326-323 B.C. 62 TETRADRACHM. Obv. Similar. eee vie ON () GR A PH S 12 ALEXAN DE RSG te as. Rev. Similar. In field, qq over <% Beneath throne, m Newell, /. c. No. 28. VG. (not cleaned), gr. 17.24. MINT oF ARADUS. 63 TETRADRACHM. Obv. Similar. Rev. Similar. In exergue, BASIAEQS, onr., AAEZANAPOY. Beneath throne, A P Miller, No. 1360. VF. gr. 17.07. 64-66 TETRADRACHMS. Obv, Similar. Rev. Similar. In field, 3. Beneath throne, 4 Miller, No. 1364. F. and VF. gr. 17.03; 17.1057 17.105: Plate ITI. 67 TETRADRACHM. Obv. Similar. Rev. Similar. In field, SO. Beneath throne, 4 Miller, No. 1363. F. gr. 17.23. Mint oF BYBLUs. Monogram of King Adramelek. 68 TETRADRACHM. Obv. Similar. Rev. Similar, style early. In field, A Miller, No. 1375. G. gr. 17.015. NUMIS MAW CNS Ose peek Say Ek NA 69-71 TETRADRACHMS. Obv. Similar, but of later style. Rev. Similar, but of Muller’s style IV. | In field, A Aidticr eo. 1375. to F. D. C. gr. 17.095; 17.1O*? 17.10. Plate III. MINT oF AKE. Series I, circa 332-328 B.c. 72 TETRADRACHM. Obv. Similar. Rev. Similar. Beneath throne, M. Newell, The Dated Alexander Coinage of Sidon and Ake, No: 2. VG. gr. 17.14. Series III, circa 326-320 B.c. 73 LTETRADRACHM. Obv. Similar. Pessimilar. In field, {2 (year oe Circa 322B.C. ), NewellarcoNo- 18. VE. gr. 17.07. Plate IV. Mint oF BABYLON. Series II, circa 329-326 B.C. 74 [TETRADRACHM. Obv. Head of Heracles to r., of “Babylonian style.” Rev. Zeus enthroned to 1. Beneath throne, (y¥ and M. (Symbol origi- - nally in the exergue is “off flan.” ) Millers No.670. 1. gr: 17.20. Peveemev ON OGRA PHS 14 ALEX AN DIE Rr Or ster 75 [TETRADRACHM. Obv. From same obverse die. Rev. Similar, but with back to throne. In field, THUNDERBOLT. Beneath throne, KY and M. Muller, No. 679. VG. gr. 17.12. 176 TETRADRACHM. Obv. Similar. Rev. Similar. In field) wreEATH. Same monogram and M beneath throne. Variety not in Miller. VF. gr. 17.09. 77 TETRADRACHM. Obv. Similar. Rev. Similar. In field, cANTHARUS. Same monogram and M beneath throne. Variety not in Miller. F, D. C. gr. 17.18. 78 ‘TETRADRACHM. Obv. Similar. Rev. Similar. In field, rosr. Same monogram and M beneath throne. Variety, not in Miller. VF. ger. 17.225. Series III, circa 326-324 B.c. 79 TETRADRACHM. Obv. Similar. Rev. Similar. “In field) suncue or GRAPES and M. Same monogram be- neath throne. | Muller, No. 692. VF. gr. 17.155. N-UM US MA*T 1 Ce Nese Peek is AE N-A Series IV, circa 323-320 B.C. 80 TETRADRACHM. Obv. Similar. Rev. Similar, but of more advanced style (Miller’s style IV). In field, M. Beneath throne, AY. MullersNo, 1272. VEL gr..17.115. 81-82 TETRADRACHMS. In name of Philip Arrhidzus tet 3275.0, ). Obv. Similar. Rev. Similar, but inscribed, BASTAEQOS ®IAINMOY. In field, M. Beneath throne, AY. Miller, No. 99. VF. gr. 17.09; 17.115. After 317 B.c. 83 TETRADRACHM. Obv. Heracles’ head of fine style to r. Rev. Zeus enthroned tol. In exergue, BASIAEQOS; on r., AAEZANAPOY. In field, BAP in wreatH. Beneath throne, MI. Niner enone s4.0i. LW. C. gri.17.115. Plate IV. ANCIENT IMITATION OF THE ALEXANDER COINAGE. 84 TETRADRACHM. ‘| Obv. Head imitated from Babylonian issues. ReveoeevieO NO GRAPHS 16 85 STATER. AL E.XOA ND Baer eee Rev. Seated Zeus imitated from Cyp- riote or Phoenician issues. On rf., AAESZANA. Onl. ASBA..A. Not cleaned. VG. gr. 16.52. Plate IV. BQLOTIA. Period 379-338 B.C. Obv. Beeotian shield. Rev. Amphora between AI—Q. Brit. Mus. Cat. p. 82. No. 134. Somewhat worn. 86 STATER. Obv. Bceotian shield. Rev. Amphora between KA—BI. Brit. Mus. Cat. p. 83. No. 154. “Somewhat worn. Plate V. Period 338-335 or later. SFT ATER Obv. Beeotian shield. Rev. Amphora between BO—IO. BUNCH OF GRAPES above. Brit. Mus. Cat. p. 36. No. 42. Somewhat worn. Plate V. JEGINA. Period 550-456 B.c. 88-977 STATERS. Obv. Sea-turtle. Rev. Incuse square divided by bands NUMI1S\M AT pO ost. * Dawe Rat > A ENA into a conventional pattern of five compartments. Dimteussecats ©! xxiv, Nos. 1, 2. All very much worn. Period 404-350 B.c., or later. 98-105 STATERS. Obv. Land-tortoise (ftestudo gr@ca). Rev. Incuse square divided by bands} into a conventional pattern of five) compartments. Brit. Mus. Cat. Pl. xxiv, Nos. 10-12. F.-VF.| Plate V. At least three and probably more of these eight staters, all in the finest con- dition, were of the later type with nar- row bands, spread fabric, and _ tortoise} of later style. SIGY ON: Period 400-300 B.c. 106 STATER. Obv. Chimera to 1. Beneath, 3E. Rev. Dove-flying to 1. in wreath. Brit. Mus. Cat. Pl. vii. No. 17. Somewhat | worn. 107 STATER. Obv, Chimera to r._ Beneath, SI. Rev. Dove flying to r. in erty Somewhat worn. Plate V. Pereve veg NO GRAPHS ALEX AND ERs ei Oe oe ELIS. {OLYMPIAD Period 421-365 B.c. 108 STATER. Obv. On boss of a round shield, eagle to 1. devouring serpent. Rev. Thunderbolt between F—A. Seltman, Nos. 162-6 (die BV). Much worn and covered with punchmarks. Period 343-323 B.C. 109 STATER. Obv. Laureate head of) Zeusiton: Rev. Eagle standing to r. on lonic capital. In field, THUNDERBOLT and SERPENT. Seltman, Nos. 207-12 (die CT). Somewhat worn. Period 363-323 B.c., or later. L10) STAT ER Obv. Head of Hera toerwearme stephanos inscribed FAAEION. In field, Fa aay Rev. Eagle standing to 1., head to r. and wings spread. The whole in olive wreath. . Seltman, No. 344 (dies FG-i). VF. Plate V. One of the principal reasons impelling the writer to publish this little find (be- N UMIS M ACh? Clee Pave RE rSAENA fore other more important ones) is that, small though it is, it furnishes a very typical specimen of the kind of hoards} buried in Hellas during the last quarter'| of the fourth century B.c. The usual| contents of such deposits may be sum- marized briefly as follows: a large pro-| portion of Alexander’s tetradrachms in| which Macedonian issues predominate ;} a smaller but not at all negligible num- ber of the issues (both contemporaneous| and posthumous) of Philip II; and,| finally, a scattering number of such local} and autonomous issues as were still being' struck in the larger cities or were still] generally current—though their original| mints had been closed. Furthermore,| from the standpoint of the Alexander series, the Andritsaena hoard is interest-| ing as representing the Greek counter-| part, in everything but size, of the great! Egyptian find of Demanhur. With one important exception all of its varieties are to be found in the Demanhur deposit. And this one exception, No. 83, enables us to place the probable burial date of Pee NO GRA PHS 20 ALEXAN DE Reet Oakes the Andritsaena hoard within rather narrow limits. It is to be noticed that not one of our Alexander coins was struck after the death of Philip Arrhideus, excepting only No. 83. Now this piece represents the first issue immediately following the series current in Babylon at the time of his death.? With them this coin is closely bound by great similarity of detail, style, and fabric. As these very soon change, it must have been struck early in the course of the new issue. It cannot therefore have appeared much after the |commencement of 316 B.c., for Philip was assassinated early in November of 317 B.c.4 This hoard cannot, then, have been buried earlier than the year 316. As this particular Babylonian coin is in such perfect condition it could have seen but little, if any, circulation. In our cal- culations, however, we must allow a cer- tain time for its long journey from the plains of Babylonia to the mountains of the western Peloponnesus. This will of necessity bring us to the end of 316, or NUMISMA TT Ci. PaeNettlel > AE NA even well into the year 315 B.c. as the only possible date at which the Andrit- saena hoard could have been buried. The total absence of so many very common coins struck in the last years of Philip Arrhidzus or in the first years of Alex- ander IV forbids setting the burial at a later date. This is further corrobo- rated by the uniformly brilliant condi- tion exhibited by all the coins in the hoard which date after about 320 B.c. Thus, on the sole evidence of the coins in this find, we seem amply justified in fixing on the year 315 B.c. as the prob- able time at which they were buried. And this date would seem to fit in remarkably well with certain polit- ical events which took place in the Peloponnesus at this time, and which might have induced the former owner of our hoard to consign it to Mother Earth. We know that after the success- ful conclusion of Antigonus’ campaigns against Eumenes in the east, he moved his army from Babylon to Cilicia, where he went into winter quarters. This was Peeoee NO GRAPHS ALEX AWN DoE Reger Oe ane in the late autunmoti21008 ce ete time he found himself threatened by a powerful coalition of the remaining sa- traps, Cassander of Macedon, Lysi- machus of Thrace, Assander of Caria, and Ptolemy of Egypt. To hold Cas- sander in check while he settled with the remainder, Antigonus now sent his trusted friend, Aristodemus of Miletus, with one thousand talents to the Pelo- ponnesus with instructions to raise an army of mercenaries and, especially, to win Polysperchon for his cause. The latter had, since 318 B.c., been waging desperate warfare against Cassander, and now found himself in the possession of a large portion of the Peloponnesus. By the beginning of 315 B.c., Aristode- mus had accomplished all his objects and, together with Polysperchon, was at the head of a considerable army. In the meanwhile Apollonides, Cas- sander’s general stationed in Argos, had been able to hold his own until his mas- ter’s arrival, and even to seize the town of Stymphalus. Having recruited a NUMIS MAT 1 GOs ieee Pee iets A BNA 23 fresh army in Macedonia, Cassander, in the spring of 315 B.c., marched south through Thessaly and Bceotia, secured Corinth’s harbor Kenchree,® and pushed on into Arcadia. He seized Orcho- menus and staged an ambitious raid over into Messenia. As, however, he found the city of Messene too strongly held by Polysperchon to warrant an attempt at assault, he returned to Arcadia. Leav- ing Damis as military commander of the district, Cassander went to Argos and celebrated here the Nemean Games. These are reckoned by Droysen® to have been held in the first year of the 116th Olympiad, or August of 315 B.c. Soon after he returned with his army to Mace- donia, Cassander’s opponents, immedi- ately improving upon this opportunity, again overran all the Peloponnesus, chased the garrisons from town after town, and soon were in undisturbed pos- session of practically all of the peninsula. Thus ended the campaign of 315 B.c. Although the fighting was resumed with the spring of 314, it was principally con- Peo eave NOG R*A PH S ALEXAN DERI oe eae fined to northwestern Elis (about Kyl- lene) and to the province of Achaia, leaving the district about modern An- dritsaena quite untouched. This state of affairs, so far as we can gather from our ancient sources, also held true for the ensuing years. In other words, it would appear that only in 315 B.c. was the country, within a radius of twenty miles of Andritsaena, disturbed by actually contending armies so that life and prop- erty would not be safe.” At that time the hills about Andritsaena lay but a little to one side of Cassander’s direct route from Orchomenus to Messene. He would probably at least have sent raid- ing parties into the hills during his ad- vance southwards, if only to protect his flank, as well as his line of supplies and retreat, against any sudden attack. Cas- sander’s campaign appears to have been merely a tour de force, in the course of which he held only the places actually occupied by his soldiers. All the re- maining portions of the Peloponnesus and all but a few of the large cities (such NUMISMA Tt Gee Oeie Pewee oO AE NA as Argos, Stymphalus, Orchomenus, and possibly Epidaurus) were in the hands of Polysperchon, his son, Alexander, Aristodemus, and their allies. The latter, however, did not once dare to meet Cas- sander’s veteran forces in open battle, but contented themselves with holding the walled cities, and undoubtedly the mountains to either side of his advancing forces. Guerilla warfare was apparently thesqrder=01 the day. No wonder then that in such troublous times, and well within the zone of active operations, the former owner of our hoard decided to place his savings in as safe a place as possible. Why he was never able to remove them later is, of course, open to many conjectures. To attempt a solution would be futile. With the sole exception of No. 83, the Philip and Alexander coins in the An- dritsaena hoard call for but little com- ment. The issues of Amphipolis, the largest of all the Alexander mints, out- number those of any other one mint, as is only natural for a hoard found in a Seen NOG RA PHS 26 ALEX AN DE RWAE On share country enjoying close and constant communications with Macedonia. This was even the case with such a distant hoard as that of Demanhur (q. v.). On the other hand it is interesting to ob- serve that, if taken together, the Asiatic Alexander issues by far outnumber (43 as against 30) the European ones. This is not usually the case with hoards found in Europe and dating from the last quar- ter of the. fourth century ac. seme. case, however, there may be an easy solution. It will be remembered that in 316 B.c., or just the year before the prob- able burial date of our hoard, Aristo- demus was sent by Antigonus to the Peloponnesus with a thousand talents with which to raise troops. Again, early in 315 B.c., Diodorus states! that Polysperchon’s son, Alexander, returned from a short visit to Antigonus in Cilicia with a further sum of five hundred tal- ents. These huge sums were undoubtedly in the form of coined money. There were no facilities in the southern Pelo- ponnesus to convert so much bullion into NUMIS™ APP Rae PNR tl SAE NA ready money, and the all-important time was lacking. It would obviously have been far more expedient for Antigonus merely to turn over already coined money furnished him by the many active mints at his command in the east. Further- more, we may gather from Diodorus" that his recent successful campaigns in the east had been most lucrative. Antigonus at this time was assembling a great army in Cilicia for the coming expedition against Syria and Egypt. For this purpose he had probably seen to it that the satrapal coffers should be well filled with the “sinews of war” in an immediately available form. Any coins Aristodemus, and later, Alexander, had brought with them from Asia would soon be certain to find their way through- out the length and breadth of the south- ern Peloponnesus. The newly hired soldiers would be only too ready to spend the first instalments of their pay. Their commanders, because of political condi- tions, had only the immediately surround- ing countryside from which to draw their Pewee OmN GRAPHS ‘ 27 28 ALEXANDE RS@EOy ore supplies. These would probably not be all commandeered. In a poor country like this, Polysperchon and his allies had to depend too much upon the good-will of the inhabitants—ever ready to welcome a change—to risk not paying for at least some of the supplies requisitioned for the support of their armies. Thus, very soon, probably a considerable number of Alexander coins from eastern mints was in circulation among the people of Messenia, Laconia, southern Elis, and southern Arcadia. It is possible, also, that many of the earlier eastern issues had already found their way to the Pelo- ponnesus (as to the rest of Hellas) in the hands of returning veterans from Alexander’s armies. Provided that we really have the en- tire find before us, it is curious, to say the least, to note the entire absence of any of those Alexandrine issues which were first assigned to a mint at Sicyon by M. Babelon.12 The very same phe- nomenon is also observable in the Kypa- rissia hoard.18 Of course, in such’ small NUMISMA{ Ta Gao Paha SAE N A hoards chance must needs play a very large part and too much stress must not be laid upon the absence of any one variety, particularly if it be at all scarce. To the best of the writer’s knowledge the Andritsaena hoard, in point of date, is the earliest (of which we have record) in which posthumous issues of Philip II (No. 10, Plate I) make an appearance. Later these coins become quite common, aseneiaies wecara, lamia, and other Grecian hoards which it is hoped will be published eventually. ° As shown above by the catalogue, in- cluded in this find was also an ancient forgery of the Alexander tetradrachm (No. 84, Plate IV). The nature of the coin is indicated by its blundered legends, the dryness of the style, and the fact that its obverse is imitated from genu- ine Babylonian issues, while its reverse copies certain early Phcenician or Cyp- riote Alexanders. Furthermore, it is the only coin in the hoard which, in addition to the purple oxide and yellow- ish dirt which it bears in common with Peeve Oe NOG R-A.P HS ALE X AN Dito ere the remaining coins of the find, is also encrusted with thick patches of verdigris. This is a phenomenon frequently ob- served by the writer in certain hoards which have contained both ancient for- geries and genuine issues. Almost invari- ably these imitations of the period will be encrusted with spots of verdigris not shown by any of the genuine pieces. This is undoubtedly due to the poorer quality of the silver of which the for- geries are made, the larger amount of copper in their alloy brought to the sur- face by decomposition, and other chem- ical changes which have taken place during the long period in which they have lain buried underground. The accompanying genuine coins, having but little, if any, copper in the composition of their metal, will only show the usual forms of decomposition customary for pure silver. In view of the Peloponnesian origin of our find, it is but natural that coins of A*gina, Sicyon, and Elis should have formed the greater portion of the auton- NUMIS MA TUG] ke Ose. Peet SAE N A omous coinages which it contained. It is noticeable, as was also the case with the Kyparissia hoard, that Athenian tetradrachms and Corinthian staters are both absent. The Beeotian, Sicyonian, and Olympian issues call for no special remarks. They are precisely what one would have expected to occur in a hoard of this date and place. The A*ginetan staters, Nos. 98-105, on the other hand, would seem to raise a question of dating. It will be noticed that they are of the Testudo Greca (land-tortoise) type and belong to the anepigraphic series, now assigned by scholars to the years immediately follow- ing the Aginetan restoration of 404 B.c.14 At least three in our find are of the late, spread-fabric type with thin (instead of thick) bands dividing the incuse of their Teverses, il the specimens are in fine condition and could have seen but little circulation. On the other hand, not one of the inscribed varieties, bearing A, AT, Alo eAltlaturmed up.- These are supposed to have been struck during the PehwueeiiOun ODO GRA PHS 31 32 ALEX AN D ERS Oeer sles years immediately preceding 348 B.c. It is curious that these should be missing when the supposedly much earlier series was present not only in goodly numbers but also in such fine condition. It would seem as if the latter (the uninscribed, thin-banded, and spread-fabric type) had been struck but recently, and not at the very commencement of the century. The writer might not have paid any particular attention to this curious anom- aly—in hoards so much is due to mere chance—had it not been for the consid- eration that another little hoard (or portion of a hoard), brought to his at- tention in 1921, presented the very same feature. That lot consisted of six Philip II tetradrachms (Muller, Nos. 158, 252, 263, two specimens of 269, 270) ; four- teen Alexander tetradrachms (Muller, Nos. 3, 216, 392, two specimens of 550, var. of 567, 684, 697, var. 704, 853, 860, var. 1302, var. 1342, 1472 )eeandetaree Afginetan staters in fine condition and all of the 404-350 B.c. type occurring in the Andritsaena find. Here, too, in- NUMISMA TDG ose Pee be EEN A scribed A‘ ginetan staters are noticeable by their absence. The reader will forgive a slight di- gression to allow the discussion of this second “find.”