< Volume: 4. 874 pages, 10 plates, 1 map. 1906-1907. Sete Ca is “UNIVERSITY OF. CALIFORNIA , PUBLIOATIONS . ey “DEPARTMENT | OF ANTHROPOLOGY — Hid Nae The Spanowibe publications dealing with archaeological and ethnological subjects” under the direction of the Department of Anthropology are sent in exchange for the publi-: cations of pena iy tage aer and i etaniy and. for Bag my gts aribiee ie seein Peoria BERKELEY, CALIFOR addressed. to° the UNIVERSITY. OF GALIFORNIA: PRESS, H Publications of the University of California Press may be. "Sialekana ec. eee OAM. . BRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS, FETTER LANE, LONDON, §.0. 4 ENGLAND, to which orders originating.in Great Britain and Ireland should be gent. . : i H. Lowie, AMERICAN ARCHAEOLOGY. AND ETHNOLOGY. AS Tx, ‘Kroeber aa ‘Bobert E _ Baitors, | “Prices, Volume: 4d, $4,253. Volumes::2: to” ea inclusive, . A yon ach from Volume ae ae “ 00 each. . ‘Volumes 21, (22,23, and 24 in progress. . ‘Oited as Univ. Calif. Publ. Am. Arcb. Bthn..- vise 1 378 ears 4903-1904. ESI NNSA SEE SED “Volume 2. 992 pages, 21 plates, 1904-1907 Volume 3. 344 pages. . AQOD iaticess Be See ae area | - Volume 5. $84 pages, 25 plates.. 1907-1910" IC ASAE Sele Nia lag > Volume 6.: : x 400 ‘pages, 3 maps.: 1908 ee alle Ia Meee MII ert cn, Sear th - y Volume7.- 448 pages, 60 plates... WORD A Ren aca) A Mission Record. of the California Indians, from a Manu a aa ", Baneroft Library, by A. Li. Kroober.. Pp..1-27. -May,’ 1908 __ 6 Sg Be. The: Ethnography of the. Cabuilla. Taaians,: ‘by. A. Te ‘Kroeber s Papeete 13052 Ma a CAR 6 ws lige 6° 8, pls ABIES ts MSDN eis Ae NRO SRT OR MUG ES be . ‘8. The Religion of the Luisefio and Dieguefio Indians of ‘Southern. California, py: Constance Goddard Dubois, Pp. 69-186, plates 16-19, June, 1908 pea, de ‘the Culture of the Luisefio Indians, by Philip Stedman: Sparkman. Pp. S984, plate 20. August, 1908: Sora perc ousineperr eel para : 7) By. Notes: on Shoshonean Dialecta of Southern California, by 4 he hoo Bp, 235-269," September, 1909 2... Soka ean Vite Ne ‘The Religious Practices of the Dieguetio indians, Le t. . Wa es ee (271-388, plates 21-28, Mareb, 1910. . Fi ee eee “Index, pp, 359-369, ° SS Lae re Vol8.-. 1 ‘Yana Texts, by” Edward. ‘Sapir, togutlior. ‘with, : Yana M ths co So Roland B..Dixon.,. Pp. 1-235, February, 1910. Ashe gs AN ab ny ae, ‘The ‘Chumash and. Costanoan Languages, by A. i. ‘Kroeber. < Newem bes: LO1O. yoo et adie rye, + * §, The Languages of the Coast of California North of San Francisco, ‘by oe = vee Kroeber. “Pp, 273-435, and mep, ° ‘April, 1911 sestansserneasncenen oat Index, pp, 487-439. ES eM Ra aes Vol. 10, ot Phonetic Constituents of the Native Languages of f California a © voeber. Pp, 1-12. May, 1911... wer. ss open at 5 HE bs < 2. ‘The Phonetic Elements of the. Northern: ‘Paiute Language, ; Say! oman.’, Pp. 18-44, plates 1-5... November, 1911 2 8. Phonetic Elements of the Mohave Language, by A. L, Kre eh be “plates 6-20). November, 1922 00) ic . The: Ethnology: of the Salinan Indians, by. J. Alden - Maen | “co a4plates 21-87. “December, 1912. elise Seale Lane oe eae ee 5 ‘Papago. Verb Stems, by Juan Dolores. Pp, 241-268... ‘August, 191 6. Notes on the Chilula Indians of Northwestern California, ‘by Plin “\ 8 Goddard. Pp. 265-288, plates 38-41. April, 1914. OM, Ohilula ‘Texts, by Pliny Earle Goddard.’ Pp. 289-879. 9. Noveinber, nies : eon ak “Index, ‘pp. 381-385. eee. Meant Giies + - “SVol. 11. ty Blements ‘of the Kato Language, by Puny Farle Goddard. Pp. 1 he ! PON eae 7s } 1-45... "October, 1912 Vereen Re ee ee 2. Phonetic Elements of the Dieguefio I 4) Kroeber. eee Pi ge ty es - grarrington, Pp. 177-188, April, 1914 0 Neat . . « $, Sarst Texts, by Pliny Earle Goddard. . ‘Pp. 189-277. ‘February, 1 8 aa Serian, Tequistlatecan, and Hokan, by AL, Kroeber. Pp. & “ary, 1915 PRED eG e NE OR AUN CPST ait wntecnveees RESET SS 5, Dichotomous Social Organization ion in South Central California, by 1 Winslow. Gifford. Pp. 291-296: February, 1016 hee : 6. ‘The Delineation of the Day-Signs: in the Aztec Manuscripts, by T. oi 7. The Mutsun Dialect of. ‘Costanoan Based on. the ‘Vocabulary of De is, aes: “by J. Alden Mason. FP. acti ierriap 1916. oc tte Cae: / Index, PP, ATS-ATB. " | ey BY A. H. GAYTON . UNIVERSITY or Sree tae PUBLICATIONS IN AMERICAN | AND ETHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS — BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA _ CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Lonpon, ENGLAND * r 4 ‘ : \ THE UHLE COLLECTIONS FROM NIEVERIA BY Atha Geary, LON CONTENTS Aone St Ug OAS Eg As 0k Lacs tbicc lady oe benneasdebnaip hinds sacsdauant shes odcsiocss ag, Sa, 306 ME ee CE LO VOT SOc ah cee Sol de Sapa td xpsav ears pases owtuns sorstansds gensdadesdgcaseaetiebwenwes 307 RRP CM Mf ene aN acetone dacs GA spoiled Poss dias atin SaeNis nahn cSrkactobnntendbuaessi 307 mpigonas, Nazca Y, Chimu-influenced warecn........c...ccccccscsssesscdbessssstscssssssesesdensone 312 Breer EO CUS MOU LEIY SDCCIMNODS 6 ags05 05.6 hacen es sockets sabevtoden seek scsbunavceystin Varen severe 314 WU RM ELC LOTS he co cee cpp cles op kb thooh cdo ebtssah ences) sacle, ca shdaced dusnaswerQe ean aks 316 EME LOT AY © IPEO VEDIENI CC... 365 de. fo, see sgeat cetsovevecanccaderedaset ante vives cthgueddlivasiose 316 ATO SriSS eR DG ee mC ee AE ie gh Eos ch ivtica, Secs higslcteboves liens acs bilan oes 316 ie WAL SUE LS EGE, Sklar, 8H, oe a Re ae ei ee a 320 I Ee eM Be i ek a, Te, WE Re ov a ails aceon si eae aoannst 320 eg SS Be os coon w ssid c os ac noced PRavwsbc ips tho Deer bees oie 322 RRM ORM RE een acd cerinbnas Che cec abel ss cusses att eee cab ney sauke steep bane 325 Conclusions: Relation of pottery styles at Nieverfa........0.ccccececccceeeteeeeees 326 Stylistic identification of material illustrated by d’Harcourt......0...0.0000000cce. 328 Explanation of plates and catalogue numbers of specimens illustrated................ 329 PLATES Following page 392 91. Proto-Lima A, B, C, D; Epigonal A, B wares. 92. Proto-Lima A; Nazca Y, Chimu-influenced wares. 93. Proto-Lima A, B, C ware. 94. Proto-Lima B; Epigonal A wares. 95. Proto-Lima B; Epigonal, Nazca Y, Chimu-influenced wares. 96. Proto-Lima A, B; Nazea Y, Chimu-influenced; miscellaneous wares. 97. Nieverfa styles of pottery from Pachacamac; University Museum, Phila- delphia. FIGURES IN TEXT PAGE MME Eet CTV ALIOY Of LATE. 5.0!2)s oe. eecacuan een paenegeese cect aaesnda pebttsdere dag e 307 DIOR OUR HOCUS tee 8 le tee 8 a iso ie ceddined tented eee aa eager aeal, 317 NEY ee rE ST 8 a iyo Vibha Sh leh aden Mees Datinde iM Sa ete 318 IIE MEIC OCT GS-00. 0 021A hte. tae Riera, eects aad pac tag A ee nee to aca aa, 319 (SL wi REET A i apie | Mle eels tela i aca ee RO. eeu Pee NFE Tarek RI en UR, AR de 320 UD, BU 8 RS TUR LHS Sal ates Sophy ak ake ene NM tte pO ch eeinaek RY nk en oe a ae 321 PIO rt) Pee Re. ys hat i hla orcad dh ool bad Mah Moca ae jon patie 322 REET OPE RTL GEC, CAPS Cal sake viteg sha deaenc cued socs Toaese rs et oe Nee thc ne oe eA 322 STITT AER TIIE GOL FAUT TCs ste eotaa sinter a oatovnee ited riscelnasnon ia oonetende hed cuore 323 SOE MOREE ALEC OCU CS Lath ht cents Sinise et oh uhinns aarti GG gen vont Ts cna de nae sae 324 ik OMI LO MN TOUIGST tc. Uk hie atk: abodes © ansaid dealer a More irae ome re 325 306 University of California Publications in Am. Arch. and Ethn. [Vol. 21 INTRODUCTION The present paper is similar in method and purpose to previous monographs! that have offered an analysis and interpretation of Peruvian antiquities in the University museum. The collection under consideration was made by Dr. Max Uhle in 1906 under the patronage of Mrs. Phoebe A. Hearst. The source is mentioned in the collector’s catalogue as an ‘‘excavation in the upper end of the Valley of Lima, hacienda Nieveria, near the ruins of Cajamarquilla.’’ This site, though near Cajamarquilla, is not to be confused with the ruins there. The cemeteries where these collections and others were obtained by Uhle? are on the hacienda Nieveria (fig. 1). The collection of antiquities from Nieveria comprises 191 catalogue entries, Museum numbers 4-9164 to 4-9355; of these 148 are pottery objects, the remaining 43, non-pottery specimens. Specimens 4—9164 to 4-9231, which include only 6 non-pottery specimens, are from 34 separate graves, averaging 1.7 specimen per grave. This leaves over 50 per cent of the pottery and practically all the non-pottery collec- tion without grave provenience. We can at best only assume that the non-grave material was procured by huaqueros in the same cemetery at Nieveria. In analyzing the collection the grave lots were kept intact. Although there resulted no differentiation in style among the grave lots, a contrast between grave and non-grave material was found to exist through the absence of Chimu influenced and Nazea Y influ- enced ware in the graves. All stylistic strains found in the entire collection are present in the non-grave material. In this paper the collection has been described primarily from a stylistic point of view. Since the grave lots do not group stylistically, it is unnecessary to separately describe their contents. The graves are listed with the museum numbers and stylistic strains of their contents in table 2.2. With the exception of the six non-pottery speci- mens of grave provenience, the pottery and non-pottery collections will be taken up separately. 1 Present series, xx1: A. L. Kroeber and William Duncan Strong, The Uhle Collections from Chincha, pp. 1-54, 1924; Max Uhle, Excavations at Chincha, pp. 55-92, 1924; Kroeber and Strong, The Uhle Pottery Collections from Iea, pp. 94-133, 1924; Strong, The Uhle Pottery Collections from Ancon, pp. 135-190, 1925; Kroeber, The Uhle Pottery Collections from Moche, pp. 191-234, 1925; Kroeber, The Uhle Pottery Collections from Supe, pp. 235-264, 1925; Kroeber, The Uhle Pottery Collections from Chancay, pp. 265-304, 1926; xxiv: A. H. Gay- ton and A. L. Kroeber, The Uhle Pottery Collections from Nazca, pp. 1-46, 1927. 2Uhle, Uber die Frihkulturen in der Umgebung von Lima, Internat. Cong. Americanists, XVI (Vienna, 1908), pp. 347-371, 1910. 3 The symbols in table 2—A, B, ©, D, Epig., A-B, Nazea Y—I, and Chimu I— indicate the stylistic strains described below. 1927 ] Gayton: The Uhle Collections from Nieveria 307 POTTERY STYLES AT NIEVERIA The potteries in the collection under consideration fall into two general groups: one comprises ware in Proto-Lima styles, a local style prevalent in the valley of Lima; the second is of ware showing non- local influences from Epigonal styles as represented at Pachacamace, and from Chimu and Nazea Y styles. Carabaillo <=" XN ChesicaY us v. Nievercva ° Cojamarpuillg Ww A \ y Aramburu LRA CALLAO ° fo) Betlavi sta O Miraflores J) Chorrillos Pachacamaw o OLurin Fig. 1. Map of the valley of Lima. PROTO-LIMA The Proto-Lima style is essentially one of ‘‘red ware.’’ Of the 148 pottery vessels in this collection 137 have been classified as Proto- Lima, 11 as miscellaneous. Excepting six blackware or buechero 308 University of California Publications in Am. Arch. and Ethn. [Vol. 21 specimens, every piece in this collection has a brick-red or red-orange background. The paste is a dull brick-red; the surface is occasionally left unslipped but more often a slip of more intense red or red-orange is applied and rubbed down. Design areas are small or concentrated, revealing about three-quarters of the surface area. White and black are used with a dark red in designs; dark red is sometimes used alone on the red-orange background but white never appears alone. Within the general Proto-Lima style four strains or elements are discernible ; these have been designated A, B, C, and D. A and B are styles including features of texture, shape, and decoration; C is a style of ornamentation, and D one of shape. Strain A.—Ware of strain A is made of a coarse, heavy, dull reddish paste. Though the formation of the vessels is seldom actually asymmetrical, a faultlessly smooth contour was never attained by the potter. The shapes of this strain are commonly two: (1) a horizontally flattened spherical jar with a low, flaring neck, the rim of which on one side extends into a short ribbon handle curving down to the upper plane of the body; (2) a spherical bowl having a wide mouth finished with a low, slightly flaring rim. The decoration of this ware is simple. If the paste is slipped, it is with its own color or one darker and more intense. The surface is never polished but is rubbed down until hard. On this is painted the design: lines or groups of lines radiate from the neck and extend far down the sides of the vessel; trigrams center about the neck, their points falling about halfway between neck and base; less frequently a small area of textile-like or interlocking pattern (strain C) decorates the upper plane of the body on one or opposite sides; around the neck a banding of simple, interlocking frets is frequently used (see pl. 98a). The colors employed, including that of the background, usually number three or four, never five; red, black, and white, or red and white, or red and black on the red-orange surface. Strain A appears in 64 specimens; it is the only or dominant element in 54, or 40 per cent of the total collection of 137 pottery vessels in Proto-Lima style. Of these 54, 36 are from graves and 18 are without grave provenience. | Strain B.—Ware of this type, compared with strain A, employs a paste of finer texture and lighter and brighter red-orange color; the walls of the vessels are thinner and their contour smoother. . The surface finish is sometimes unslipped, hard, and dull, but when slipped SN 1927] Gayton: The Uhle Collections from Nieveria 309 with a deep red-orange paint, which is more frequently the case, is hard and glossy. Shapes of strain B are two: (1) spherical jars with a long, slightly converging, perpendicular spout; having a tubular handle extending from the upper plane of the body to the center of the spout (pl. 94a, c, 7-1). A variation of this shape has a lenticular body, a high, slightly flaring, perpendicular spout and a ribbon handle; it is frequently decorated with the textile-lke patterns of strain C (pl. 938j-l; 94 g-1). (2) The second shape of strain B is a double- spout jar of variously formed bodies, ribbon handles, and slender spouts parallel, or divergent in the Tiahuanacan manner (pl. 91a; 94b, e, f). The coloring of strain B ware is most frequently four-color, seldom three- or five-color. Though the number of colors used is the same as in strain A, the use of clear, bright pigments gives it a distinct ‘polychrome’ effect in comparison with the duller A ware. When, in strain B, a fifth color is used, it is invariably gray added to the usual red, orange, black, and white color scheme. White and black are skilfully used in groups of narrow lines or rows of dots which heighten the contrast between the design area and the solid red-orange back- ground. Vessels of the single spout, tubular handle type of strain B occur at Pachacamac in the Epigone period‘ (pl. 97 c-f). Strain B is present in 64 specimens; it is the only or dominant strain in 50, or 37 per cent of the total 137 pieces. Of these 50, 14 are from graves and 36 are without grave provenience. Strain C.—This strain is not like A or B which have characteristic shapes as well as designs. It is a style of decoration consisting of interlocking or textile-like patterns which appear on A, B, and D forms. A few pieces have been classed as pure or predominantly C because the shapes used were not classifiable as A, B, or D (see table 2, p. 815). The interlocking triangular or rectangular frets fill restricted areas on opposite sides of vessels, and are used as single horizontal bands around spouts (pl. 93a, e, f, h). On two low dishes, nos. 4—9175 and 4—9254, such bands fill the entire upper zone of the inturned side (pl. 95a, c). The character and application of these interlocking patterns are comparable to those of Chaneay E2 ware.’ Sherds with similar patterns and frets were found by Uhle at Pachacamac in the soil containing pottery of the Epigone period.* On vessel 4—9169 a Bs fee? Max, Pachacamae, Univ. of Penn., Philadelphia, 1903, p. 28, figs. 5 This volume, p. 275. 6 Uhle, Pachacamac, p. 29, figs. 26-28. 310 University of California Publications in Am. Arch. and Ethn. [Vol. 21 + pattern of interlocking fish appears rendered in the ‘textile manner’ ; i.e., oblique lines are broken into offset parts like those resulting from loom-weaving (pl. 91f). Designs of interlocking fish of the type occurring frequently on Nazca B’ pottery are entirely lacking in this collection of Proto-Lima ware. Textile-like patterns consist of areas filled with small angular figures geometrically arranged. Their use and effect are the same as those of interlocking patterns (pl. 93g, l; pl. 94c, g, 7). Both groups of patterns may be genetically related through designs employed in textiles of the same period. Although no specimens of cloth were found with the vessels of grave provenience, fragments 4-9350a (fig. 9) and 0b, have interlocked borders identical with those on pottery specimens shown in plates 93f and 94e, respectively, and occurring on several other vessels in the collection. Cloth specimen 4-9350e is decorated with a tied and dyed design which, though on a larger scale, is comparable to that on vessel 4-9279 (pl. 94c). The intricacies of strain C patterns are emphasized by the employment of two colors which indicate their opposing or interlocking parts. Black and white are most frequently combined, red and white or red and black less frequently. Strain C occurs in 18 of the total 137 vessels. It has been con- sidered the dominant strain in 10 specimens; 3 of these are from oraves. Strain D.—A tendency to fanciful shaping and modeled orna- mentation of vessels, in Proto-Lima style, has been termed strain D. Such ware is always of paste of fine texture like that of style B. The D shapes may be merely an elaboration of B shapes, as the double- spout jars, nos. 4-9276 (pl. 91a) and 4-9277 (pl. 94e), and the single spout, handled jar no. 4-9278 (pl. 94a). The strain B polychrome and dotted effect is combined with D forms; strain C textile and inter- locking patterns occur on them with perhaps even greater frequency to judge by illustrations from other collections.® Though strain D is present in 19 of the 137 specimens in the col- lection under consideration there is but one, no. 4-9169 (pl. 91f) that may be classed as predominantly of that ge other elaborately modeled shapes are lacking here. In summary, then, the Proto-Lima style as Pee by the Uhle collection contains four notable strains: A, a coarse ware of dull color- 7 This series, xxIv, 1-46, 1927. 8d’Harcourt, Raoul, La Céramique de Cajamarquilla-Niveria, Jour. Soe. Américanistes Paris, xLv, 1922, pls. III, 1, 3, 7; IV, 7; V, 1, 2, 3; VII, 1, 3, 4, 6. = rl TABLE 1 TABULATION OF SHAPE AND DESIGN ATTRIBUTES ’ ; n : om hy af = @ n o » & 3 g : ‘ a E 2 = — a (| &) + oP ae hy Co) eee ete S oy Bb SF Bie tog aa led s s &§ 32 £ » & & tae ere ee et = Number geht ee Peis steel 9 pee ee og eS ee See aoe 3 Shape groups -- in Dominant strain | Design o ES a 3 bE Pe Buk as | pee te nn Ce ee me es oe Sy oe 1 5 ; a= ag WwW we ws we x group or style traits: He 645 -O. 5: BS" GS 2" ee He eee eee ee ee ee ee on ae a = een i el en Se oa mee eer ee ee eh Rb a = BR Bg 8 Py oe OB eee cee de ee eee 2 BO Oe pS ee ce a il ee ee fen) « = ieee 12 9 ae oe etl 5 29 A NG) iJ 3 6 1 3 5 5 618 | ~D “+ = Q Jar—low neck, flat handle 33 AY Py ee te ee lis ao MSS ee See eee tee : 8 Jar—straight neck, flat handle..........000.0000..... 24 Bice eee eee 1 (We eto aie 1 2 5 1 2 Le SS Jar—converging spout, tubular handle........ 14 B, Epig 1 1 1 3 1 1 6 4 1 1 1 3S Rimmed bow.......... i Suva pes dag egeaene- es 11 yi ten eee dees 4 | a Double spout Jars... iz enna Aeeme 9 Bab pigwen. eee. 2 3 2 Oe a) Ihe Bh 1 1 3 = Bottle 9 B, Nazca Y Infl..... ih ae 1 2 an me) Wer ne Foe 4c) Finale setimen Oe arenes ae her Sie ae 8 B, Nazea Y Infl..... 2 1 ; 1 = Head ‘and spout jartece..ce eee 5 D, Chimu Infl... .... 3 1 5 % Ny Plate with handle and spout..........0.0.000. 4 B, Nazca Y Infl. .... 221 1 . Low: dishizen. edo ae ee eee 1 1 1 = Corrugatedcvase dace ne 1 1 1 : a= Jar with handle and spout............. 3 1 & Mammiform ja¥i\i4 53, e ee ES, 1 1 : Figure Vasey. .:h th eS ee 7 1 7 } Bucehero jar. 225) Fe 1 Wee gee 1 1 ¥ Double jarz.2.75 Fain Na eae coer ke, 1 Seer deans 1 : ior Saucer.............. de cope 2 5 1 : : 1 ' : —_ — Three-legged bow1.......... bebe, rent Scan or PaeM 1 i . ae ape : a Ses Pn . . cae aes - a a P " a ee , Pir ; 2 me : 5 es fs pow . as a “wars sae oS 2 Sin page ex am — < 4, > : ste > : e; & oe eames tart | 137° es é sige pe ea a see ca Wie i at ata a Ee = eee hee, ee Ay “ 7 312 University of California Publications in Am. Arch. and Ethn. [Vol. 21 ing and simple design; B, a finer ware of brighter coloring and com- paratively elaborate design; C, ornamentation by interlocking and textile patterns; and D, a ware of fanciful shapes and modeled orna- mentation. These elements have been isolated for the purpose of deseribing the style; they do not constitute discrete substyles but occur in varying combinations. The essential homogeneity of Proto- Lima style and the absorption of foreign traits into the local style are indicated in table 1. From this table, which itemizes and relates all important elements of design and shape occurring in this collection of pottery, itis seen that none of the Proto-Lima design traits are exclusively characteristic of one strain. EPIGONAL, NAZCA Y, AND CHIMU-INFLUENCED WARE Of the collection under consideration 19 pieces, or 13 per cent, show influences from extraneous coast cultures; namely, those of the Epigonal period® at Pachacamac in the neighboring valley of Lurin, the Nazea Y period!® from the valley of Nazca to the south, and the Proto-Chimu period’? on the northern coast. The specimens here referred to (see table 2) appear to be wares of local manufacture styled after non-local patterns rather than foreign importations. The Epigonal element present in the ware from Nieveria takes two shghtly differing forms which have been designated here as A and B, corresponding respectively to Uhle’s Tiahuanaco and Epigone styles.* Two double-spout jars are in the Epigonal A style; one of these (pl. 91b) is in five colors, black, white, red, yellow, and purple, and bears two mythological bird-fish-like creatures on each side of the upper plane. The colorings of these are reversed: the pattern on the side of the vessel which is not visible in our illustration corresponds with one in the Museum at Lima.'® The other Epigonal A double-spout jar is identical in shape but is of undecorated orange-red ware (pl. 94d). The third piece classed as Epigonal A is a vase of buechero ware. A Tiahuanacan strain is evident in its tubular spout ornamented with a modeled face (pl. 957). This is the only blackware specimen of grave provenience; besides this specimen grave 3 contained three other vessels, one each of Proto-lima styles A, B, and D. In spite of the fact that this collection contains but three specimens classifiable as Epigonal A, that style was indubitably a potent factor conditioning strain B of Proto-Lima style. The jar with tapering 9 Uhle, Pachacamag, pls. 4, 5. 12 Uhle, Pachacamae, pls. 4, 5. 10 This series, XXIV, pls. 12-17. 13 d’Harcourt, op. cit., pl. I, fig. 3. 11 This volume, pls. 53-55. 1927 | Gayton: The Uhle Collections from Nieveria 313 spout and tubular handle shown by Uhle*‘ is our shape 1 of strain B.™ Though Nieverian vessels of this shape entirely lack Tiahuanacan ornamentation, the addition of gray to their otherwise Proto-Liman color scheme indicates a further influence from the Lurin valley. It is possible that the radiating lines and rows of dots decorating many strain B vessels are modifications of Epigonal patterns which Uhle has regarded as degenerated bird designs found on vessels of similar shape at Pachacamac and here reproduced by the courtesy of Director G. B. Gordon of the University of Pennsylvania Museum (pl. 97c—f).'® Although it is essential for the sake of verity to point out these Epigonal elements in strain B vessels, their deviation in style is so strongly toward local ideals that it prevents their being placed in the Epigonal category. The Epigonal B vessels are of somewhat heavier paste than the Epigonal A pieces, and are more crudely painted. There are three specimens in this group: a drum-shaped, bottle-neck flask with a Tiahuanacoid-Epigonal design in R, Br?, and B on the shoulders; a vase with slightly convergent neck, a zone of geometric pattern in Rh’, Br, B, and Gy encircling its upper plane (pl. 91d); and a small lenticular lipless bowl with two horizontally placed ribbon handles, colors R, R? and W (pl. 95e).17 Of the more typically Epigonal designs, such as series of overlapping triangular areas, rectangular faces topped by awkwardly drooping plumes, or conventionalized bird heads, none are represented in this collection. Seven other specimens predominantly of Proto-Lima B style show traces of Epigonal B influ- ences. Two of these, of non-grave source, have Nazca Y constituents as well. The Nazea Y element in ware from Lima valley is slight but unmistakable. It is the dominant characteristic of five specimens (see table 2) and is present in five others. These specimens are all with- out grave provenience. Two Nazca Y-influenced pieces are very low lenticular bowls having a long projecting spout on one side and on the opposite a conical handle. One is decorated with two Nazcoid double- headed serpents, colors R, R?, B, W (pl. 95d). On the other (pl. 95f), four mythological creatures characterized by the tripart element typical of the late Nazean Jagged-staff demon design'® are disposed in four opposing panels. The rectangular convention of these creatures hints at a Tiahuanacan (Pachacamac) influence. It should be noted 14 Pachacamae, pl. 4, no. 4. 17 Compare Pachacamac, pl. 5, no. 8. 15 See p. 308. 18 This series, XXIV, 28, fig. 10. 16 Pachacamae, 28, figs. 23-25. Uhle shows, only the designs, not the vessels. } | } | 314 Unwersity of California Publications in Am. Arch. and Ethn. [Vol. 21 that these two specimens, in spite of their Nazcan designs, are of typical Proto-Liman shape. (@€ompare pl. 95a, c). The three remaining Nazcan specimens in this collection have almost exact counterparts in the collection from Nazca.1® These are olobose-shaped jars with an incipient handle at the base of a bottle- neck. Flower-like motifs which are a salient element of Nazea Y style decorate the upper zone of these vessels. | No specific elements of earlier Nazca styles A, B, or X appear in this collection of Nieverian ware. Chimu influence, like that of Nazca, is lacking in the Nieverian pottery with grave provenience; it is present in controlling propor- tions in eleven non-grave specimens. The vessels having Chimu ingredients fall into two groups. One is composed of vessels modeled to represent seated or squatting human beings, some having a tall spout arising directly from the head (pl. 92a, b) whereas others have a long spout diverging from a tubular loop handle connected to the person’s head or back (pl. 95g-7). The second group is of five black- ware specimens (pl. 95j-m; 96c). They are less markedly local in style than the other modeled vessels. The colored specimens in this strain are differentiated from their Trujillan analogues by quality of material and technique and an orange cast in the red pigment. MISCELLANEOUS POTTERY SPECIMENS Ten pottery objects of little distinction have been classed as miscel- laneous (table 2). These will be briefly described. 4-9168a—m con- sists of thirteen miniature vessels, conceivably toys. One is in the shape of a pot rest. They are all of light reddish paste, undecorated, and crudely made. A ring with concave sides and two small modeled figures functioning as a handle was probably used as a pot rest (4-9207, pl. 960). Two very small red vases of careless technique have perforations at the neck as if for suspension; one is pear-shaped and the other globose (4—9211, 4-9220). Three small scoops or spoons are of fine-textured, red-orange paste (4—-9352, 9353, 9354) ; they are asymmetrically checkered with black, red, and yellow stripes. Remain- ing specimens are two double flutes of baked clay (4-9198, 4-9199) and two small, very crude female figurines (4-9210a, b). | A group of gray spindle whorls properly belonging under this heading are described with other spindle whorls in the non-pottery collection. 19 This series, xxXIv, 1-46, 1927. 1927] Gayton: The Uhle Collections from Nieveria 315 TABLE 2 STYLISTIC DESIGNATION BY GRAVE Lots Grave Catalogue number 4— 1 9164, A. 2 9166, C; 9167, A; 9168a—m, Mise. Dero. 9171, B. 9169, DCB, C); 9170, Epig. A. 4. 9173, 9174, A. Pe Lo, 9177; A; 9178, B;.9175, C, G@ 9179 -A. JeeesloU, ol62, A+ 9181, A (C). Se 20188, 1A. 99184, 9185, B. 1 9186. A. ieee ves s9, Bs 9187,° 9190, Epig. A; 9190a, Epig. B. 12 9191, 9192, 9194, 9195, 9197, mao L06. A (BB); 9193, B (A). 13 9198, 9199, 9200ab, Misc. 14 9202, A; 9201, B (C). Non-grave: Style Catalogue number 4— A: 9252, 9293-9298, 9301, 9310- 9312. A (B): 9267, 9290, 9292, 9299, A B: 9300. (Epig. B) 9302. 9248, 9250, 9251, 9253, 9266, 9268, 9271, 9279-9282, 9284, 9285, 9288, 9289, 9291, 9304, Grave 15 Dominant strain given first; other strains, if present, in parentheses. Catalogue number 4-— 9203, A. 16 9204, 9205, A. Li 9206 AO 207) Mise: 18 9208, B (C). 19 9209, B (A); 9210, Misc. 20°) O211, Mise. ole 921204. came O215 AGS). eee Jol4e A 01D. BCL): 24 9216, A. 25 9217; B (A), PAs AGFA s oa COP Gite oolO TA) 92202 Mise. 256 0220, A. 29 9224, 9225, A. os G0226, 9227 uA: ole 29228 745 Soe Uae ise (A). 338° 9231, A (GC). 34 922250 sCA ): Non-grave: Style Catalogue number 4— B (Naz. Y Infl.) : 9247, 9249, 9273. C (A): 9255-9257, 9261, 9262. C (B): 9254, 9260. Epig. B: 9265, 9283. Chimu Infl.: 9234, 9235, 9237-9243, 9245. Chimu Inf. (Epig. B) : 9236. Naz. Y Infl.: 9303. 9305, 9308, 9309, 9355, (A): 9306. (C): 9258, 9259. (D) :9244, 9276-9278, 9286. (Epig. B): 9263, 9264, 9274, 9275. DoW Naz. Y Infl. (B): 9246, 9269. Naz. Y Infl. (B, Epig. B): 9270, 9272. Mise.: 9352-9354. Missing: 9287. Totals: Strain A, 54; strain B, 50; strain C, 10; strain D, 1; Epigonal AS 3: Epigonal B, 3; Chimu influenced, 11; Nazca Y influenced, 5. 316 University of California Publications in Am, Arch. and Ethn. [Vol. 21 NON-POTTERY COLLECTION SPECIMENS OF GRAVE PROVENIENCE The non-pottery antiquities in the University «collections from Nieveria are not striking in aspect, nor have they valuable cultural connotations inasmuch as grave data are lacking for their majority. With the exception of six specimens, all are without grave proven- ience; further, but three of these were found in conjunction with pottery vessels. Thus the collection of artifacts cannot be related with the pottery collection in attempting to make a chronological interpre- tation for cultures in the valley of Lima. It is classified and deseribed here as a matter of record. The six antiquities found in graves are as follows. In grave 1, containing one vessel of Proto-Lima strain A style, where the frag- ments of a silver topu (4-9164a), and three small carved wooden objects (4-9164)0). The latter are of unknown purpose unless, perhaps, as containers for powders, as one has a tiny plug, also of wood, fitting into a cavity. This specimen is inlaid with a gilt-like substance. ; From grave 13 are 4-9200a, 0; the first a carved bone object vaguely representing a llama, the second a broken pan’s pipe of seven reeds. An atlatl or spear-thrower (49223) came from grave 28, which also contained a vessel of Proto-Lima strain A. The weapon is rudely earved from a single piece of wood; the catch is anvil-shaped, the grasp a ring hewn perpendicularly to the plane of the staff. Dimen- sions: 372 mm., total length; 18 mm., greatest width of shaft; 41 mm., length of grasp; 31 mm., greatest width of grasp; 23 mm., length of eatch; 24 mm., greatest width of catch (fig. 2e). With a vessel of Proto-Lima strain B style, in grave 32, was found an unornamented stiletto of dark wood (4-9230). Dimensions: 246 mm., length; 19 mm., diameter at top. WOODEN OBJECTS The wooden objects in this collection are four staves and the head of a fifth, four implements for pounding or scraping, three tubes, two spear-throwers, a stiletto, and an infant’s cradle. Their workmanship is of a technique carried little beyond the needs of utility: the orna- mental carving is simple in the extreme. With the exception of one 1927 | Gayton: The Uhle Collections from Nieveria 317 inlaid tube, no extra decoration such as painting, inlay, or polish is used. An analytical description of the specimens follows. Staves or clubs: 4-9314, 123.3 em. present length, base end broken off; carved head 119 mm. long, 62 mm. at widest point, 35 mm. at narrowest. The head is carved in a diamond pattern so deeply cut that a ‘pineapple’ effect results (fig. 2h). The wood is unpolished, and light in color. T=3=) a0 a Fig. 2. Wooden objects: a, inlaid tube; b, g, h, staves; c, d, use unknown ; e, f, spear throwers. 4—9315, 684 mm. long ineluding a carved head 90 mm. long; 53 mm., width at top of head, 33 mm. at bottom; 25 mm., width at base tip of club. The head is simply carved with a diamond pattern. The wood is heavy, hard, and dark (fig. 2g). 4—9320, total length, 370 mm.; 11 mm., width at base tip; head, 117 mm. long; 33 mm. and 20 mm., maximum and minimum widths. The head is cut on quadrilateral planes without any decorative carving (fig. 2b), material like 4—9315. 4—9321, total length, 477 mm.; 14 mm., width at base tip; head, 140 mm. long; 33 mm. and 22 mm., maximum and minimum width. Head pointed and cut on round. No decorative carving. Wood light in weight and color. 49223, a club head similar to 4-9314, broken from staff. 130 mm. long, 68 mm., greatest width. Wood light brown. 318 University of California Publications in Am. Arch. and Ethn. [Vol. 21 Implements: Three objects used perhaps for pounding or scraping are ‘ double- headed,’ having a center handle with a scoop, blade, or knob on each end. 4—9317, a double paddle implement, 460 mm., total length; handle about 10 mm. long, 45 mm. thick; paddles, about 120 mm. long, 100 mm. wide, 30 mm. thick at top. One paddle is slightly hollowed out, suggesting a scoop or spoon shape. | Pe I ——— SSN SSS CSS ee | Fig. 3. Cradle of canes with coiled binding. 4—9318, object with a central handle, a flat, paddle-like tool on one end and a knobby pounder on the other (fig. 2d). Total length, 501 mm.; handle, 23 mm. long, 36 mm. thick; flat end, 103 mm. Jong, 96 mm. wide, 30 mm. thick across upper edge; pounder, 167 mm. long, 115 mm. wide at top, 81 mm. thick near base. 4-9319, double implement with scrapers or knives on each end (fig. 2c). Total length, 367 mm.; handle, 45 mm. long, 24 mm. wide; blades, about 160 mm. long, 50-60 mm. greatest thickness. 49325, a small pounder; the base is so discolored that it appears to have been soaked in a dark pigment. Total length, 146 mm.; handle, 104 mm. long, about 21 mm. wide; pounder, 42 mm. long, 49 mm., width at base. Tubes: Three tubular objects of wood are of unknown use. They are not 4—9322 is the most elaborate; it is slightly concave with convergence whistles. A flat handle carved in a step-block pattern toward a mouth-end (?) (fig. 2a). 1927 | Gayton: The Uhle Collections from Nieverta 319 and perforated as for suspension extends from the center of the tube. Two encircling bands of inlaid mother of pearl decorate the fore portion of the object. The wood is dark brown and has been slightly polished. Dimensions: length, 264 mm.; width, 40 mm. at large end and 31 mm. at smaller, 23 mm. at narrowest point; diameter of perforation in mouth end, 6 mm., diameter at opposite end, 31 mm. 4-9323 is of heavy, dark wood with no ornamentation. It is 505 mm. in length; 28 mm., diameter; 11 mm., diameter of perforation. A band 17 mm. wide of fabric or finely twisted fibers encircles one end of 4—9324, a tube of mediumly light wood. Dimensions: 174 mm., length; 26 mm., diameter; 8 mm., diameter of perforation. e d C a Fig. 4. Bone implements: a—d, awls; e, weave dagger. Weapons: Of the three weapons in this collection, two, an atlatl and a stiletto from graves, have already been described. The third, another spear- thrower (4-9316), 504 mm. in length, 13-15 mm., diameter, is of technique superior to the other specimen (fig. 2f). The hand grasp is of bone carved in the shape of a cat’s head and neck; the eyes are inlaid with a black mineral. This and the spear-catch, which is also of bone cut in an anvil shape, are fastened to the wooden rod with fibre string and gum. Cradle: This specimen, 4—9326, is made of wood and cane (fig. 3). Two out- side, parallel beams 505 mm. long, and five cross-braces 339 mm. long of wood form a framework on each side of which are bound segments of cane or some endogenous plant. The binding is of two-ply fiber string. A coiled stitch is used. Within the space between the cane layers, and seemingly placed there deliberately, are a number of grains of corn. Provided that the object is a cradle as assumed, their presence is perhaps explicable on the basis of their having some magical potency. 320 University of California Publications in Am. Arch. and Ethn. [Vol. 21 BONE OBJECTS Awls: Two awls (4-9328, 4-9329 [broken]), 190 mm. and 160 mm. long, respectively, are made of tibiae. The joint is left intact for grasping, and the shaft shaped and ground down to a point. Incised dots and dot-cireles in geometric arrangement ornament the handles (fig. 4a, b). 49327, 167 mm. long, is perhaps a large rib-bone split through its breadth at the joint and ground down to a point. It is decorated with an incised dot- circle design. 4—9330, 190 mm.,long, is similar to the preceding but is undecorated (fig. 4c, d). Weave daggers: 4—9331, 168 mm. length, 21 mm. greatest width; and 4—9332, 163 mm. length, 17 mm. greatest width, are of flat, split (rib?) bone. The blades are ground down to dull, rounded points. They are unornamented, and evidently intended for fine work (fig. 4e). f 8 h Fig. 5. Shell objects: a-e, spondylus shell beads; f—h, incised ornaments of nacreous shell. ORNAMENTS Pendants: In the non-pottery collection are a considerable number of beads or objects with perforations for suspension or interlacings. 4—9334 consists of (a) eight rectangular pieces of spondylus shell (fig. 5a), one of which has bits of three-ply string remaining in its holes; (b) three small pendants cut from a thick white shell (fig. 5c); (c) two cylindrical beads 25-30 mm. long, 5-8 mm. thick of chalky shell (fig. 5e); (d) a cruciform piece probably cut from shapes under (a) (fig. 5b); (e) a rectangular bead of shell (fig. 5d); and (f) a shell pendant with two diagonal perforations as if for sewing on cloth. 1927 | Gayton: The Uhle Collections from Nieveria 321 Four shell ornaments cut in naturalistic forms are entered under 4—9337. One is a pendant of white and hard shell simply but carefully cut and engraved to represent a frog. It is 32 mm. long, with 28 mm. as greatest width (fig. 5f). Of iridescent shell is a pendant 40 mm. long and 23 mm. wide, cut and incised in the conventionalized shape of a fish. Two other pendants of nacreous shell probably intended to represent bird forms are 40-48 mm. long and 23 mm. wide (fig. 5f-h). 4—9344 consists of two segments of spondylus shell 80-85 mm. in length. Ten dises or rectangles cut from clamshell constitute 4—9340. Amulets: A group of six very small clay and stone objects which are con- ceivably amulets comprise 4—9336, a—d. Four of these are crude little figures of clay, two (female) with sketchy faces with incised features (fig. 6a, b); and two, the body portions of which are broken, with bird or beak-like heads and large, round, raised eyes (fig. 6c, d). The two remaining objects are an amorphous pebble with incised ornamentation and a perforation (fig. 6e), and a bottle-shaped pebble with a diagonal perforation through the ‘neck.’ 6] BBB | Wi \ aoa d b Fig. 6. Amulets: a—d, small pottery female figures; e, incised and perforated pebble. (All actual size.) Earplugs: 4-9345 and 4-9346 are a pair of wooden earplugs with mosaic decoration of good workmanship (fig. 7c, f). Dimensions: 62 mm., total length ; 48 mm., length of stem; 23 mm., diameter of stem; 41 mm., diameter of disc. The dises are inlaid in the design of a bird with pieces of shell in opaque color- ings of violet, pink, blue, flesh, and white. The adhesive seems to be a resinous substance. 49335, a piece of soft white shell inlaid with shell or stone flakes in a llama’s head design is probably an unfinished earplug dise. It is about 43 mm. by 48 mm. in size (fig. 7g). An earplug of chonta-wood, 4—9347, has a total length of 44 mm., 31 mm., length of stem, 21 mm., diameter of stem, 34 mm., diameter of disc. The disc is cut for an inlaid four-scroll design; the inlaid material has disappeared (ne. Th; €). 4-9343, an earplug of light wood, the dise of which had a circular inlay, has a total length of 37 mm.; 24 mm., length of stem, 5 mm., diameter of stem, 32 mm., diameter of dise (fig. 7a, d). Miscellaneous: An ovoid bead (4-9341) 22 mm. high, 13 mm. wide, is of blue, white-veined stone. | ; A collection of small univalve shells (4-9338) and three small fluted bivalves (4-9339) have perforations as for pendants. 322 University of California Publications in Am. Arch. and Ethn. [Vol. 21 Specimen 4-9349 is a stone disc 11 mm. thick and 39 mm. in diameter. One surface is faced with eight glistening iron pyrites set in a cement or adhesive substance. Fine threads encircle the side of the disc; they appear to have been glued on. On opposing sides two oblique perforations penetrate the stone from side to back surface. Fig. 7. Earplugs: a—f, types of earplugs and dises with inlay of shell and mineral; g, piece of shell with inlaid design, probably for earplug dise. (Dark hatching, dislodged inlay; light hatching, lavender; cross-hatching, green; broken hatching, gray; stippling, pink.) TEXTILES The district about Lima, including Ancon, Sureo, Lurin, and Pachacamac, is said to have been the most advanced in the manufac- ture of textiles.2° A variety of decorative techniques is represented in the present collection from Nieveria though it comprises but one complete and five extremely fragmentary specimens. oN Fig. 8. Knitted cap. (Shape only; design in five colors.) 20 Crawford, M. D. C., Peruvian Fabrics, A. M. N. H. Anthro. Papers, 12, p. 178, 1916. 1927 | ' Gayton: The Uhle Collections from Nieveria 323 4—9350 is a rectangular cap with an upright finger-like projection at each corner (fig. 8). The thread is of wool, of medium coarseness and hard. The fabric is not loom-woven but is made of a single thread by a knitting or crochet technique. The stitch resembles ‘German knitting’ and is unpurled. Crumbling condition of the thread prevents a positive determination of the technique.?! According to Crawford22 knitting was common in Peru, especially for making caps and bags. The decorative design is geometric. The colors have faded unevenly and attained considerable neutrality; those identifiable are black, yellow, brown, green, and red. An intermediate shade between yellow and brown is a doubtful sixth color. p = SO ISU fp /G p ISU), ALYY S| \\ % li ps o 3 \e 2 + \ — Ps 5 : ‘ F e eee ae \ « i ¥ ¥ " ~ ; \ % s : e ; * - m * i v ‘ car ae ira time ey q > “ ¢ i = FF teas ae. ; = ee PE ah ak 4 etre Sthcat a 13 sf ae - Pisa the he 9 _* ¥ wp ¥ i mt “dg, A pe Sets) av he Mod N : ane ys oe 1927 | Gayton: The Uhle Collections from Nieveria 329 EXPLANATION OF PLATES AND CATALOGUE NUMBERS OF SPECIMENS ILLUSTRATED Grave number appears in parentheses. Plate 91. Various styles: a, 4-9276, strain B; b, 4-9187 (11), Epigonal A; c, 4—-9260, strain C; d, 4-9265, Epigonal B; e, 4-9197 (6), strain A; f, 4-9169 (3), strain D. Plate 92. Various styles: a, 4-9236, b, 4-9234, Chimu influenced; c, 4—-9272, d, 4-9269, Nazca Y influenced; e, 4-9312, f, 4-9311, strain A. Plate 93. Proto-Lima strains, A, B, C: a, 4-9213 (22), b, 4-9173 (4), e, 4—9231 (33), d, 4-9219 (27), e, 4-9167 (2), f, 49299, 1, 4-9252, strain A; g, 4-9208 (18), 7, 4-9271 k, 4-9309, 1, 4—-9304, strain B; h, 4-9232 (34), strain C. Plate 94. Proto-Lima strain B, Epigonal A: a, 4-9278, b, 4-9217, c, 4-9279, e, 4—-9277, f, 4-9247, g, 4-9305, h, 4-9249, 1, 4-9285, 7, 4-9181, k, 4-9251, 1, 4-9281, strain B; d, 4-9190, Epigonal A. Plate 95. Various styles: a, 4-9254, c, 4-9175, 1, 4-9166, strain C; b, 4—9308, d, 4-9250, strain B; e, 4—9283, Epigonal B; f, 4-9246, Nazca Y influenced; g, 4—9238, h, 4-9237, k, 4-9242, I, 4-9243, m, 4-9241, Chimu influenced; j, 4—-9170, Epigonal A. Plate 96. Various styles: a, 4-9197 (12), e, 4-9164 (1), k, 4-9172 (3), strain A; b, 4-9207 (17), miscellaneous; c, 4—9245, Chimu influenced; d, 4-9209 (19), f, 4-9171 (3), g, 4-9291, h, 4-9244, 7, 4-9248, 1, 4-9273, strain B; j, 4-9303, Nazea Y influenced. Plate 97. Nieveria styles of pottery from Pachacamac; University Museum, Philadelphia: a, b, 26753 (1188), Nazea Y Chimu influenced; c, 26769 (998), d, 26754 (808), e, 26765 (803), f, 26762 (957), strain B. Bae ss Figure 2. Wooden objects: a, 4-9322; b, 4-9320; c, 4-9319; d, 4-9318; e, 49223; f, 4-9316; g, 4-9315; h, 4-9314. | Figure 3. Cradle: 4—-9326. Figure 4. Bone implements: a, 4-9328; b, 4-9329; c, 4-9327; d, 4-9330; e, 4-9331. Figure 5. Shell ornaments: a, 4-9334a; b, 4-9334d; c, 4-9334b; d, 4-9334e; e, 4-9334b; f, 4-9337a; g, 4-9337c; h, 4-9337d. Figure 6. Amulets: a, b, 4-9336a; c, d, 4-9336b; e, 49336c. Figure 7. Earplugs: a, 4-9343; b, 4-93473 c, 4-9345; d, 4-933). Figure 8. Knitted cap: 4-9350a. Figure 9. Knitted fabric: 4-9350e. Figure 10. Detail of fabric edges: a, 4-9350c; b, c, 4-9350d. Figure 11. Spindle whorls: 4-9342. ‘a QV eAEins PUBL AM: ARCH. & ETHN. VOL. 21 [GAYTON]| PLATE 91 O-LIMA A, B, C, D} EPIGONAL A, B, WARES UNIV eCALIE: PUBLS AM. ARGH. & EXRHN. VOL, 21 [GAYTON] PRO1O-LIMA A; NAZCA Y, CHIMU INFLUENCED, WARES PLATE SF WNiVerGCAL TEP UBE. AM (ARGH? & ETHAN, VOLE. 21 PROTO-LIMA A, B, C, WARES [GAYTON | PEATEs Ss UNIVIGALECTE. PUBL. AM: ARGH. & ETHN: VOL. 211 [GAYTON] PLATE 94 PROTO-LIMA B; EPIGONAL A WARES we > ; Sd eat See Pa hae DINIVESGAELES PUBL. AM. ARGH. & ETHN. VOL. 21 [GAYTON] PLATE 95 k PROTO-LIMA B; EPIGONAL, NAZCA Y, CHIMU INFLUENCED, WARES VININeCALIE. PUBL. AMZ ARCH? & ETHN: VOL. 21 [GAYTON] PLATE 96 PROTO-LIMA A, B; NAZCA Y, CHIMU INFLUENCED, WARES Unive GALIE. PUBE AM. ARGH: @:BTHN. VOL. 21 [GAYTON] PLATE 97 NIEVER{A STYLES OF POTTERY FROM PACHACAMAC UNIVERSITY MUSEUM, PHILADELPHIA ui 7 \ '