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PORTRAITS OF JEWS 
 
ABRAHAM TOURO 
 
 GILBERT STUART 
 
 Owned by The Ehrich Galleries, New York 
 
Portraits of Jews 
 
 BY GILBERT STUART AND OTHER 
 EARLY AMERICAN ARTISTS 
 
 BY 
 HANNAH R. LONDON 
 DR. A. S. W. ROSENBACH 
 
 AND AN INTRODUCTION BY 
 
 LAWRENCE PARK 
 
 NEW YORK 
 WILLIAM EDWIN RUDGE 
 
 te eh 
 
COPYRIGHT, 1927, BY 
 HANNAH R. LONDON © 
 
 (MRS. BENJAMIN MORDECAI § 
 All Rights Reserved 
 
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CONTENTS 
 
 LIST OF PLATES 
 
 AN APPRECIATION 
 INTRODUCTORY NOTE 
 PREFACE 
 
 PART I. SOME MISCELLANEOUS PORTRAITS 
 
 PORTRAITS BY UNATTRIBUTED ARTISTS, AND EXAMPLES 
 BY JOHN WOLLASTON, SAMUEL KING, CHARLES WILLSON 
 PEALE, REMBRANDT PEALE, WILLIAM HENRY BROWN, 
 JEREMIAH THEUS, CHARLES PEALE POLK,ROBERT FEKE, 
 JAMES SHARPLES, JOHN WESLEY JARVIS, AND FEVRET 
 DE ST. MEMIN 
 
 PART II. MINIATURES 
 
 MINIATURES BY CHARLES WILLSON PEALE, BENJAMIN 
 TROTT, EDWARD GREENE MALBONE, AND SOME UNAT- 
 TRIBUTED MINIATURES 
 
 PART III. THE GREAT AMERICAN MASTERS . 
 
 PORTRAITS BY GILBERT STUART AND THOMAS SULLY 
 
 PART IV. ADDENDA 
 
 A RECORD OF THE PORTRAITS OF THE EARLY AMERICAN 
 
 JEWS 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY 
 PLATES 
 INDEX 
 
 vil 
 
 PAGE 
 
 AI 
 
 47 
 
 1g! 
 
LIST OF PLATES 
 
 Abraham Touro 
 
 Jacob Franks 
 
 Mrs. Jacob Franks 
 David and Phila Franks 
 Phila Franks 
 
 Moses Levy 
 
 Mrs. Isaac Mendes Seixas 
 Rabbi Raphael Haijm Karigal 
 Ezra Stiles 
 
 Moses Michael Hays 
 Israel Jacobs 
 
 Jonas Phillips 
 
 Mrs. Jonas Phillips 
 Commodore Uriah P. Levy 
 Judge Moses Levy 
 Israel Israel 
 
 Mrs. Israel Israel 
 
 Mrs. Aaron Levy 
 
 John Moss 
 
 Manuel Josephson 
 
 Mrs. Manuel Josephson 
 Barnard Gratz 
 
 Mrs. Barnard Gratz 
 Joseph Andrews 
 
 Mrs. Joseph Andrews 
 Mordecai Manuel Noah 
 Major Mordecai Myers 
 Mrs. Solomon Etting 
 Solomon Etting 
 
 Mrs. Samson Levy, Sr. 
 Samson Levy, Jr. 
 
 Colonel David Salisbury Franks 
 
 Jacob De Leon 
 
 Isaac C. Moses 
 
 Rachel (Gratz) Etting 
 Solomon Etting 
 Benjamin I. Cohen 
 
 Gilbert Stuart . Frontispiece 
 Unknown Artist 83 
 Unknown Artist 85 
 Unknown Artist 87 
 Unknown Artist 89 
 Unknown Artist. 00.404 gI 
 Attributed to John Wollaston . 93 
 Unknown Artist 95 
 Samuel King . 97 
 Unknown Artist 99 
 Unknown Artist te Vers IOI 
 Attributed to Charles Willson Peale 103 
 Attributed to Charles Willson Peale 105 
 Attributed to Thomas Buchanan Read. 107 
 Rembrandt Peale . 109 
 Unknown Artist III 
 Unknown Artist 113 
 Unknown Artist Sere Siege 2 8." 
 Attributed to William Henry Brown. 115 
 Jeremiah Theus 117 
 Jeremiah Theus 119 
 Charles Peale Polk 121 
 Attributed to Robert Feke . 123 
 Unknown Artist 125 
 Unknown Artist 127 
 John Wesley Jarvis 129 
 John Wesley Jarvis 131 
 John Wesley Jarvis 133 
 John Wesley Jarvis. 135 
 Fevret de St. Mémin . 137 
 Fevret de St. Mémin . 139 
 Charles Willson Peale 141 
 Unknown Artist 141 
 Unknown Artist 143 
 Unknown Artist Aeaey 145 
 Attributed to Benjamin Trott . 147 
 Attributed to Benjamin Trott . 149 
 
 1x 
 
Joseph Solomon 
 Miriam (Etting) Myers 
 Rachel Gratz 
 
 Rebecca Gratz 
 
 Jacob Rodriguez Rivera 
 Samuel Myers 
 
 Judah Hays 
 
 Moses Myers 
 
 Mrs. Moses Myers 
 Colonel Isaac Franks 
 Mrs. Solomon Moses 
 Solomon Moses 
 
 Mrs. Michael Gratz 
 Joseph Gratz 
 
 Rebecca Gratz 
 
 Michael Gratz 
 Gustavus A. Myers 
 Fanny (Yates) Levy 
 Major Alfred Mordecai 
 Solomon Jacobs 
 
 Samson Levy, Jr. 
 
 Attributed to Benjamin Trott . 
 Edward Greene Malbone . 
 Edward Greene Malbone . 
 Edward Greene Malbone . 
 
 Gilbert Stuart . 
 Gilbert Stuart . 
 Gilbert Stuart . 
 Gilbert Stuart . 
 Gilbert Stuart . 
 Gilbert Stuart . 
 Gilbert Stuart . 
 Gilbert Stuart . 
 Gilbert Stuart... 
 George P. A. Healy 
 Thomas Sully . 
 Thomas Sully . 
 Thomas Sully . 
 Thomas Sully . 
 Thomas Sully . 
 Thomas Sully . 
 Thomas Sully . 
 
 151 
 153 
 155 
 155 
 157 
 159 
 161 
 163 
 165 
 167 
 169 
 171 
 173 
 175 
 177 
 179 
 181 
 183 
 185 
 187 
 189 
 
AN APPRECIATION 
 
 HE work of Mrs. Hannah London Siegel on the portraits 
 
 of Jews in America from Colonial times is not only a most 
 
 valuable contribution to the history of the Jews in the 
 United States, but also supplies a considerable addition to our 
 knowledge of early American artists. Mrs. Siegel is the first to 
 treat this interesting subject in a comprehensive way. The fifty- 
 eight illustrations which the author has supplied, after a laborious 
 and thorough search, are invaluable. Mrs. Siegel has visited the 
 descendants of Jewish Colonial families and what she has discov- 
 ered is a veritable treasure trove. She has revealed to us for the first 
 time portraits by eminent American artists which we did not know 
 were in existence, and others of which we had record, and their 
 early history, but did not know their present location. The repro- 
 ductions form a veritable Jewish Colonial Gallery, and we can now 
 behold the very lineaments of the early worthies who founded the 
 first synagogues and charitable organizations; who fought in the 
 early wars; who were active in the first explorations of the West; 
 and who did so much in a patriotic sense for the country of their 
 adoption. 
 
 The reproductions consist of some of the finest work of John 
 Wollaston, Samuel King, Charles Willson Peale, Rembrandt 
 Peale, William Henry Brown, Jeremiah Theus, Charles Peale 
 Polk, Robert Feke, James Sharples, Benjamin Trott, Fevret de 
 St. Mémin, and John Wesley Jarvis. There are no less than twelve 
 
 ~oa6t 1 Bee 
 
PORTRAITS OF JEWS 
 
 portraits by Gilbert Stuart listed in the text, and twenty-six by 
 Thomas Sully. The exquisite miniatures painted by Edward Greene 
 Malbone are also mentioned, as well as silhouettes and drawings 
 by other artists. 
 
 It is to be hoped that students will take advantage of this mine 
 of new material so delightfully unearthed by Mrs. Siegel, and that 
 collectors of Early American Portraits will be inspired to nobler 
 efforts in the future; that a definitive work on the whole subject of 
 our early Portraiture, like Lawrence Park’s on Gilbert Stuart, will 
 
 some day be given to the world. 
 
 A. S. W. RosENBACH. 
 
 ~aif 2 Yee 
 
INTRODUCTORY NOTE 
 
 LTHOUGH something had already been done in a frag- 
 mentary way to preserve a record of Colonial Jewish 
 portraiture, the pages which follow are the first results 
 
 of much deeper research in this field. They represent pioneer work 
 of a peculiar interest, for in Colonial times the comparatively few 
 Hebrew families along the coast were eminent in commerce and 
 scholarship, men and women whose faces show great strength of 
 character and often beauty of feature. They were, in fact, a picked 
 racial group, usually, perhaps always, of the Spanish and Portu- 
 guese strains. 
 
 These people, as Mrs. Siegel has pointed out, encouraged artists 
 by commissions, and to them Gilbert Stuart was indebted in his 
 early Newport life, while in the career of Thomas Sully the Jewish 
 group is a pronounced factor, including, as it does, the famous 
 Gratz family of Philadelphia, by whom Stuart was also employed. 
 
 It will be a surprise to the uninformed reader to learn that these 
 Jewish families, highly respected, wealthy, and patrons of art, 
 were scattered throughout the seaports of the Atlantic coast, in 
 Newport, New York, Norfolk, Savannah, Charleston, and New 
 Orleans. This means that from Stuart in New England to Theus 
 in South Carolina most of our artists of this period are represented. 
 Copley forms a rather striking exception, which I can account for 
 only from the fact that the Jewish element in Boston was a neg- 
 
 ligible one during Copley’s active life. 
 
 ---<6f 3 Heo 
 
PORTRAITS OF JEWS 
 
 Without the portraits here described our art would have been 
 less vivid aid picturesque, just as without these Jewish leaders 
 American commerce and society would have been the poorer, while 
 the history of Colonial and Early American art is much indebted 
 to Mrs. Siegel for the results of her work. 
 
 LAWRENCE PARK 
 
PREFACE 
 
 HE study of the portraits of the early American Jews sug- 
 
 gested itself to me while assisting Mr. Frank W. Bayley in 
 
 the arrangement of an exhibition of photographs from the 
 portraits of Gilbert Stuart, at the Copley Gallery in Boston, in 
 the spring of 1920. Here, among the hundreds of reproductions 
 hanging on the walls, was a photograph of the portrait of Samuel 
 Myers, the original of which is owned by a descendant, Mrs. John 
 Hill Morgan, of Brooklyn. The writer, as a matter of curiosity, 
 felt impelled to discover if there were other Jews who were patrons 
 of art in the days preceding the Revolution and during the period 
 of the early Republic. 
 
 As there is little published material relating to this subject, no 
 pretence is made to having covered it comprehensively. In the 
 main I have been dependent upon such fortuitous sources as notes 
 in diaries, random passages in forgotten volumes, references from 
 friend to friend, and correspondence in this country and abroad— 
 London, particularly, where there are still illimitable sources for 
 research. An account of these portraits was first presented in some 
 papers which I read before the American Jewish Historical Society 
 at Philadelphia, 1921, and in New York, 1922. The interest 
 evoked at these meetings brought forth much additional infor- 
 mation, which is embodied in the following pages. 
 
 Inthe preparation of this work I am thankful in no small degree 
 for the help and encouragement of many friends; to Mr. Frank 
 
 ~<a6f 5 Hom 
 
PORTRAITS OF JEWS 
 
 W. Bayley, who gave generously of his time on the many occasions 
 when I stepped into his gallery to chat over some new find; to Mr. 
 John Hill Morgan, a busy attorney, but never too rushed to ride 
 his special hobby on the field of early Americana; to the late Law- 
 rence Park, with whom I had the privilege of exchanging infor- 
 mation on the Stuart portraits of the Jews; to Mr. Samuel Oppen- 
 heim, a careful student of early American Jewish history, for his 
 painstaking efforts with the proof, and for his valuable corrections 
 and suggestions; to Mr. Lee M. Friedman, Mr. Charles K. Bolton, 
 Dr. Cyrus Adler, Mr. Leon Huhner, and to Dr. A. 5. W. Rosen- 
 bach, in whom there was ever a listening ear and a buoyant and 
 unflagging interest. My thanks are especially due to my husband, 
 Benjamin Mordecai Siegel, to my sister, Bessie London Pouzzner, 
 and to her husband, the late Benjamin S. Pouzzner, for reading the 
 manuscript, for their helpful suggestions, and for their constant 
 encouragement which inspired the furtherance of this work. And 
 lastly, I am immeasurably grateful to those who have given me 
 biographical data and the permission to illustrate from their pre- 
 cious portraits. 
 
 Some of my articles on this subject, together with illustrations, 
 have appeared in the following publications: American Jewish 
 Year Book, volume 25, 1923-1924; The Menorah Journal, Feb- 
 ruary, 1925; Daughters of the American Revolution Magazime, 
 February, April and December, 1926. 
 
 CAMBRIDGE, June, 1926 
 
 —«<if 6 eon 
 
I 
 SOME MISCELLANEOUS PORTRAITS 
 
 MONG the earliest examples of portraiture in this country 
 are those of a number of Jewish settlers who came here 
 from Portugal, Holland, Germany and England in the 
 
 decades preceding the Revolution. The fact that they have been 
 unknown and withheld for so many years from general knowledge 
 is not perhaps as strange as it might seem. For, in the first place, the 
 little band of Newport Jews who came to America, like the Puri- 
 tans, to escape persecution, and who found here a haven, carried 
 with them an instinctive desire to shield their private lives from the 
 public glare and calumny to which they had been so pitilessly ex- 
 posed in their previous abodes. Relatively few in numbers, they 
 became, as time went on and events hurried on one another with 
 dramatic intensity, so completely identified with the life of their 
 time that there did not seem to be a need of making separate note 
 of their lives or portraits. As some of these families have died out, 
 however, in the course of years, and as others have become disin- 
 tegrated or lost sight of through intermarriage, it seemed a pity not 
 to make permanent record, before it was too late, of these early 
 Jews who from the beginning played a significant part in the his- 
 tory of this country, who by their patronage and innate love of 
 beauty fostered the growth of American art and whose portraits 
 are among the most treasured possessions of their Jewish and Chris- 
 tian descendants. i 
 
 It is, moreover, only within the last generation that there has 
 
 -a6f 7 Heo 
 
PORTRAITS OF JEWS 
 
 been a revival of early Americana sufficient to attract general at- 
 tention. In this revival public interest has been quickened by the 
 numerous exhibitions which have been held from time to time, 
 including a wide range of artists, from Copley to Stuart, from 
 Smibert to Sully. Many of the artists represented in this group 
 painted the portraits of contemporary Jews. It is much to be 
 lamented, however, that as yet I have not discovered a portrait of 
 an American Jew by Copley. While in England in the spring of 
 1921, I happened on a portrait of Dr. Samuel de Falk, a Rabbi, 
 which Copley painted on his return to England at the outbreak 
 of the Revolution. If Copley found a patron in him, it is not 
 ~ unreasonable to infer that he may have painted portraits of other 
 Jews living in England at that time, including those who returned 
 to England with the not inconsiderable number of loyalists who 
 left the colonies at the outbreak of the Revolution. 
 
 The collection of the Hon. N. Taylor Phillips, of New York, 
 contains a number of the earliest examples of Jewish portraiture in 
 this country, for the most part unattributed. One of these is the 
 portrait of Jacob Franks, who was born in London in 1688. It 
 is probable that he accompanied Moses Levy to New York about 
 1695. He later married Levy’s daughter, Bilhah Abigail. Franks 
 was a prominent merchant and became a freeman of the city of 
 New York, August 21, 1711. His intellectual interests were not 
 a few. He was a master of many languages, a fluent writer, and 
 learned in the Jewish law. He had the degree of Rabbi of Di- 
 vinity, and was known in the Congregation Shearith Israel by the 
 title of Rabbi. Upon the erection of a new synagogue to take 
 the place of the old frame building on Mill Street, the oldest place 
 of Jewish worship in New York, he superintended all the details 
 
 ait 8 foe 
 
MISCELLANEOUS PORTRAITS 
 
 of the construction of the building and assisted in raising funds. 
 He also gave generously to other denominations, and among these 
 gifts was a contribution to build the steeple of Trinity Church, 
 New York. At his death on January 16, 1769, the Pennsylvania 
 Gazette of January 26, 1769, gave out the following notice: 
 
 Last Monday morning died at an advanced age, Mr. Jacob 
 Franks, for many years an eminent merchant of this city. A gentle- 
 man of most amiable character; in his family a tender and kind 
 master; as a merchant upright and punctual in all his dealings; as 
 a citizen humane and benevolent, a friend to the poor of all de- 
 nominations; affable and friendly in his behaviour to all. He isnow 
 gone to receive from the supreme God whom he adored his reward 
 among the faithful. The memorial of the righteous is blessed. On 
 Tuesday his remains were decently interred in the Jews’ burying 
 place, attended by a great number of friends. 
 
 Franks was buried in the cemetery of the Shearith Israel Con- 
 gregation on New Bowery, New York. 
 
 His portrait is life-size and full length. Standing, he is turned 
 three-quarters toward his right, with his face almost front. His 
 right hand, palm upward, and with index finger well extended, 
 rests on a pedestal, while his left hand rests upon a table draped in 
 large folds of red and blue, which fall from the curtain in the left 
 background. His ruddy complexion is offset by a powdered wig 
 and a white neckcloth, folded over under the chin. His brown col- 
 larless coat has long sleeves and deep cuffs topped off with buttons. 
 At his wrists appear the white muslin puffs of his undersleeves. In 
 spite of its austerity, and its naiveté of treatment, the portrait has 
 a dignity and calm characteristic of many of the attempts of early 
 American painters. 
 
 “it 9 fee 
 
PORTRAITS OF JEWS 
 
 Mr. Phillips owns a very charming portrait of Bilhah Abigail 
 Franks, the wife of Jacob Franks, and daughter of Moses Levy. 
 She is seated, turned slightly toward her left, in a life-size portrait 
 with her dark brown eyes facing front. She wears a gayly colored 
 blue dress with a voluminous skirt. Her bodice, cut low at the 
 neck, is held together at the breast and over the shoulders by or- 
 namental clasps, and reveals an underblouse of white silk with 
 elbow-length sleeves. Her right hand rests on her lap, and her left 
 elbow rests on a table, draped in red, with the hand hanging. The 
 face is soft and gracious. Her dark hair, brought tight behind the 
 ears, is parted in the middle, with a curl quaintly tossed over her 
 left shoulder. At the left of the canvas are clustering trees with 
 sky and clouds overhead. 
 
 Mrs. Franks worked zealously with her husband in behalf of 
 their communal and religious interests, and helped him to secure 
 funds for the erection of the synagogue by enlisting the services of 
 the ladies of the congregation. Under her direction every Jewess 
 in New York contributed; where money was not available, trinkets 
 and jewelry which could be converted were received. The syna- 
 gogue was finally dedicated in 1730. 
 
 Mrs. Franks’ devotion has not been forgotten. Her work is 
 recognized by a separate prayer, recited in her memory—now for 
 two hundred years—by the Shearith Israel Congregation, on the 
 anniversary of the consecration of the synagogue, on the Day of 
 Atonement, and on the anniversary of her death. 
 
 Their son and daughter, David and Phila Franks, are also rep- 
 resented in two sets of portraits painted when they were children. © 
 
 In the painting which has been photographed, David is shown 
 standing full length, turned toward his right, and with his eyes 
 
 ~-28f 10 Be 
 
MISCELLANEOUS PORTRAITS 
 
 directed to the spectator. He wears a collarless blue broadcloth 
 coat with wide cuffs and breeches, and a long full skirted waistcoat 
 with small buttons. About his throat is a white neckcloth with a 
 white muslin shirt ruffle. His right hand rests on his hip, while a 
 bird, jaunty and defiant, perches on the index finger of his left hand. 
 The pallor of his face is enhanced by the dark hair which falls 
 easily about his head. His sister, Phila, sits beside him. Though 
 only two years his junior, the artist indicates a greater disparity of 
 age. She wears a little white dress, cut low at the neck, and with 
 full elbow sleeves, over which a red scarf, probably a studio prop- 
 erty, is carelessly thrown. Her legs are crossed and from under her 
 dress slightly extends a little bare foot. Her rather cheery expres- 
 sion indicates her pleasure in being painted together with her older 
 brother. The background is a neutral wall with an opening at the 
 right showing the trunks of high trees, topped with foliage, and 
 woods in the distance. 
 
 The other painting of David and Phila shows David standing 
 with his right hand on his hip and wearing the same costume as 
 above. Phila wears a red dress and holds a lamb in her lap while 
 extending a rose to her brother. 
 
 There is another painting of Phila as a young lady in a life-size 
 portrait, sitting, and turned slightly toward the right while facing 
 front. A red scarf is thrown over the right shoulder of her blue 
 dress, and held in place by her left arm, rests upon her lap. A 
 loose-fitting bodice shows the soft rufHles of her chemisette at the 
 neck and elbows. Piquant, yet demure, is Phila’s appearance with 
 her dark hair parted in the middle, and a curl quaintly tossed over ~ 
 each shoulder, and holding in the crook of her elbow a basket of 
 flowers, lightly supported by her left hand. The landscape back- 
 
 meat 11 Be 
 
PORTRAITS OF JEWS 
 
 ground is rather elaborate, showing large trees to the left and a 
 low garden wall silhouetted against some clustering cedars. 
 
 David and Phila were constantly in the society of the well- 
 known people of their day, and although their parents were devout 
 Jews, they married outside of their faith. 
 
 Phila, born in 1722 in New York City, became the wife of 
 Oliver De Lancey, who was born in New York in1717. He was the 
 eldest son of Stephen De Lancey and Ann Van Cortlandt. At the 
 outbreak of the Revolution he adhered to the Crown, raised a 
 corps of provincials called the De Lancey Battalions, and was ap- 
 pointed Brigadier-General. Their home, now known as a public 
 house—Fraunces ‘Tavern—still stands on Broad and Pearl Streets, 
 New York City. Some notable events took place in that house. 
 There the New York Chamber of Commerce was founded in 
 1768, and after the Revolution, it was the scene of General Wash- 
 ington’s celebrated Farewell Address. 
 
 By the act of 1779, General De Lancey’s property was confis- 
 cated, and his family journeyed to England, where they remained. 
 General De Lancey died at Beverly, October 27, 1785, and was 
 buried in the choir of the cathedral of that place. It is not known 
 when Phila died, but it is believed that she survived him. Their 
 children married very distinguished people in England, as we 
 shall see in the following letter written to me by Mrs. Charles 
 Rieman, of Baltimore, who is a direct descendant of Phila’s aunt, 
 Rachel Levy: 
 
 A daughter, Susan, of General and Mrs. De Lancey, married 
 Lieutenant-General Sir William Draper, of the British Army. The 
 second daughter, Charlotte, married Field Marshall Sir David 
 Mendes, Commander-in-Chief of the British Army. The third 
 
 ~a6t 12. Yo 
 
MISCELLANEOUS PORTRAITS 
 
 daughter married Colonel John Harris Cruger. The eldest son was 
 Stephen De Lancey. He was Lieutenant-Colonel of one of the 
 three regiments known as the De Lancey Battalions, and after the 
 Revolution was successively the Crown’s Chief Justice of the 
 Bahamas, and Royal Governor of Tabago. Stephen De Lancey 
 had a most distinguished son, Sir William Howe De Lancey, 
 K.C.B., the “Great Duke’s”” Quartermaster General at Waterloo, 
 1815. The second son of Phila and General DeLancey was 
 Oliver, Jr., Lieutenant-General in the British Army and Member 
 of Parliament in 1796. With him ended the male branch of the 
 De Lancey family. 
 
 Among the descendants of the De Lancey family in England, 
 some interesting portraits are doubtless to be found; perhaps 
 another painting of Phila, and also portraits of Jewish friends she 
 must have known in England, who, like herself, went back to the 
 mother country because of the Revolution. 
 
 David Franks, Phila’s brother, as I previously mentioned, was 
 painted twice with his sister. He was born in 1720 and married 
 Margaret Evans in 1743. David organized a military company in 
 New York City about 1745. He later removed to Philadelphia, 
 where he was one of the most prominent members of Philadelphia 
 society. His home was the Logan mansion, a handsome residence 
 in that city. In 1755 he aided in an effort to raise funds, after 
 Braddock’s defeat, and in the following year became a mem- 
 ber of the Independent Troop of Horse of Philadelphia. He was 
 a signer of the Non-Importation Agreement of 1765, but subse- 
 quently turned loyalist, became the king’s agent, and later, like 
 his sister, Phila, removed to England. There he remained for some 
 time after the Revolution, when he returned to Philadelphia, 
 where he resided until his death in 1793. It is very probable that 
 
 —-<6f I 3 fee 
 
PORTRAITS OF JEWS 
 
 such a prominent man as David Franks had his portrait painted 
 again in later life. His distinguished progeny should not pass with- 
 out notice, for among their descendants are people whose names 
 are well-known in American life. 
 
 A daughter, Abigail, born in 1744, married Andrew Hamilton, 
 January 6, 1768. He was at one time Attorney-General of the 
 State of Pennsylvania, and the grandson of the Andrew Hamilton 
 whose able and brilliant defence of the liberty of the press, in the 
 John Peter Zenger trial in New York, made proverbial the ability 
 of the Philadelphia lawyer. Although the Hamilton name has 
 disappeared from Philadelphia life, the family is still represented 
 by the descendants of Mrs. James Lyle, David Franks’ grand- 
 daughter, under the names of Morris, Kuhn, Evans, and Mahan 
 in America, and in England by Becketts, Bruces, and Whichotes.° 
 
 Mary (“Polly”) Franks, the second daughter of David Franks, 
 was born in 1748, and died in 1774, in the prime of her life. 
 She was buried in the Christ Church burying ground, in Phila- 
 delphia. 
 
 Rebecca Franks, another daughter, born in 1758, was a most 
 brilliant woman, and her literary ability and great charm and wit 
 made her one of the shining lights in the brilliant salons of Colo- 
 nial Philadelphia. Her career has been ably sketched by Mrs. 
 E. F. Ellet, in her “Women of the Revolution,” and by Anne 
 Hollingsworth Wharton, in ‘Through Colonial Doorways.” 
 
 Of Rebecca Franks, Miss Wharton says: “She was a reigning 
 belle during the British occupation of Philadelphia, when General 
 Howe was in the habit of tying his horse before David Franks’ 
 house and going in to have a chat with the ladies and possibly to 
 
 1. See Anne Hollingsworth Wharton, in “Salons Colonial and Republican.” 
 
 ~oa6t 14 Bee 
 
MISCELLANEOUS PORTRAITS 
 
 enjoy a laugh at some of Miss Rebecca’s spirited sallies. Although 
 the beautiful Jewess shared the honors of belledom with fair Wil- 
 lings and Shippens, no one seems to have disputed her title to be 
 considered the wit of her day among womankind.” 
 
 She was one of the Queens of Beauty at the Meschianza, a 
 splendid féte, given in honor of General Howe before leaving 
 Philadelphia in 1778, and arranged by the ill-fated Major André. 
 Like so many of the Colonial aristocracy, she took the king’s side 
 in the Revolutionary struggle. Her grandfather had been the 
 British king’s sole agent for the Northern colonies, and her father 
 was the king’s agent for Pennsylvania. She married Lieutenant- 
 Colonel Henry Johnson, the British officer who was surprised by 
 Wayne at Stony Point. They later removed to Bath, England, 
 where her husband inherited his father’s estate and baronetcy, and 
 attained the rank of General. Many distinguished Americans vis- 
 ited Rebecca Franks there, among them General Winfield Scott, 
 who wrote about her in his autobiography. She died in 1823, and 
 her descendants today are English peers. A handsome portrait 
 has been painted of her by an English artist, and is reproduced in 
 a very interesting pamphlet on “The Jewish Woman in America,” 
 by Leon Huhner, A.M., LL.B., who has devoted much time to 
 early American Jewish oe 
 
 David Franks also had two sons, Moses and Jacob, both anes in 
 England in 1781. 
 
 The Levy family, connected with the Franks family through 
 marriage, is also represented in the collection of the Hon. N. 
 Taylor Phillips. Here is a portrait of Moses Levy, the great- 
 grandfather of Rebecca Franks. 
 
 He is shown in a full-length and life-size portrait turned to his 
 
 ~oaf 15 eo 
 
PORTRAITS OF JEWS 
 
 left and facing front. He wearsa red collarless coat and white wig. 
 A muslin neckcloth is folded under his double chin, and the white 
 puffs of his undersleeves show at his wrists. His right hand rests 
 on a table, draped in blue, and his left hand, carried down by his 
 side, is held out with the thumb and index finger well extended. 
 There is a patriarchal dignity about him, with his florid com- 
 plexion, bold yet regular features, and high forehead. At his feet 
 rests his dog, and in the background is seen a sailing vessel calmly 
 adrift on the deep, with clouds and sky above. 
 
 Moses Levy, the son of Isaac Levy, came to New York from 
 England about 1695." He was married twice, his first wife being 
 Rycha Ascher, and his second wife Grace Mears. He died in New 
 York, June 14, 1728. Thomas Sully, as we shall see later, painted 
 a number of portraits of the descendants of this family, several of 
 which are in the possession of Mrs. Robert Hale Bancroft, of 
 Boston. 
 
 From the general treatment of painting, it is not unlikely that 
 Moses Levy’s portrait and that of Jacob Franks were painted by 
 the same artist. However, all of these unattributed portraits, of 
 the Franks and Levy families, according to Mr. Lawrence Park, 
 were painted by Dutch artists in New York. Pieter Vanderlyn was 
 painting pictures there at that time, and it is possible that some of 
 these were painted by him. Another remote possibility is that they 
 were painted by Jacobus Gerritsen Strycker. 
 
 A portrait in the Phillips collection attributed to John Wollas- 
 ton by Mr. Lawrence Park is that of Rachel Levy, another daugh- 
 ter of Moses Levy. Rachel was the grandmother of Mr. Phillips’ 
 
 1. Although tradition ascribes Moses Levy’s birthplace to Spain, this is doubtless incor- 
 rect. It is much more probable that the family originally moved to London from Germany 
 or Holland. 
 
 —-<6f 16 fe 
 
MISCELLANEOUS PORTRAITS 
 
 grandmother. She is represented in a life-size painting to the waist, 
 turned to her right and facing the spectator. She wears an ex- 
 quisite ivory-white satin gown. The tight-fitting bodice is trimmed 
 with wide lace, very delicately rendered. The short sleeves with 
 bands of satin at the elbow are finished with wide white lace. Her 
 dark hair, over which a dainty lace cap is worn, is brushed back 
 from her forehead and worn low at the neck. Her portrait, Mr. 
 Phillips says, has often been greatly admired for its beauty. 
 
 This painting, so long unattributed before Mr. Lawrence Park 
 ascribed it to John Wollaston, is of special interest, for Wollaston’s 
 portraits, considered good in their time (it has been said that they 
 were painted with a “very pretty taste”) still merit considerable 
 praise. Wollaston came from England to visit the colonies about 
 1772 and painted chiefly in Virginia and Maryland, where many 
 of his paintings can be seen today proudly displayed in the homes 
 of the descendants of the early settlers. 
 
 Rachel married Isaac Mendes Seixas, who was born in Lisbon, 
 Portugal, in 1708. He arrived in New York City about the year 
 1730, when he entered into business. He went with his family to 
 Newport, Rhode Island, about 1765, and resided there until his 
 death, November 3, 1780. Rachel removed to New York City 
 some time after her husband’s death, where she died May 12,1797. 
 
 One of her sons, Moses, married Jochabed, daughter of Benja- 
 min and Judith Levy of Newport, Rhode Island, October 3, 1770. 
 Moses was the founder of the Bank of Rhode Island. He was a 
 highly respected member of the community of Jews at Newport, 
 and was Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Masons of the 
 State of Rhode Island. His death occurred at a visit to his son-in- 
 law, Mr. Naphtali Phillips, of New York, of whom there is a 
 
 —-<6f 17 Hee 
 
PORTRAITS OF JEWS 
 
 portrait by James Herring in the Phillips collection. After Moses 
 Seixas’ death, the bank, which was in his house, continued to stand 
 there until 1818, when it was moved. The Seixas house was after- 
 wards occupied by Commodore Oliver H. Perry, hero of the battle 
 of Lake Erie. 
 
 Gershom Mendes Seixas, another of Rachel Levy’s sons, was 
 born in New York, January 14, 1745, where he married Miss 
 Elkaly Cohen, September 6, 1775. He evinced a disposition for 
 services in the synagogue, and from 1780-1784 was Minister of 
 the Mikve Israel Synagogue in Philadelphia. When he returned to 
 New York, he served as trustee of Columbia College from 1787— 
 1815. Gershom was a serious and ardent patriot, and in 1789 par- 
 ticipated with thirteen other clergymen in the inauguration of 
 President Washington. 
 
 There is a reproduction from a bas-relief, by an unknown artist, 
 of Gershom Mendes Seixas, in a very interesting historical sketch 
 of the Congregation Mikve Israel by Dr. A. S. W. Rosenbach. 
 
 Benjamin Mendes Seixas, the third son of Rachel and Isaac 
 Seixas, married Zipporah Levy, daughter of Mr. Hayman Levy. 
 Her portrait by an unknown artist is also in the Phillips collection. 
 
 The Franks and Levy families cover a period of over two hun- 
 dred years. No names in American Jewish history are more influ- 
 ential or important. A great number of the present Congregation 
 of the Shearith Israel in New York trace their ancestorship to 
 these distinguished families, and the majority of the worshippers 
 of the Mikve Israel Synagogue in Philadelphia are also descended 
 from these families. Much credit for the facts surrounding the 
 lives of these notable families and for the preservation of their 
 portraits is due to the Hon. N. Taylor Phillips. 
 
 ~<a I 8 fee 
 
MISCELLANEOUS PORTRAITS 
 
 There has often been expressed a doubt as to the possibility of 
 giving authentic attribution to these early American portraits. It 
 is, however, from this very search for identifications that a great 
 deal of the pleasure and fascination associated with them is de- 
 rived. Generally a few well-known methods are employed for 
 making scientific attributions. Primarily, of course, a good portrait 
 reproduces the features, the essential characteristics, and conveys 
 something of the personality of the sitter. Within this general 
 definition, however, may be included infinite variations, due not 
 only to the idiosyncrasies of the sitter, but to the limitations and 
 personality of the artist. It is, of course, the aim of every artist to 
 make his portrait not only interesting to look upon, but true to 
 reality, producing with fidelity such salient traits as the nose, 
 mouth, chin, and eyes. The more subtle features, however, the 
 curl of the hair, a turn to the eye, a finger, the contour of the hand, 
 the drapery, color, atmosphere, studio property, often escape the 
 eye of the layman, but constitute for the student the indices by 
 which artists reveal their own identity. 
 
 Thus many an artist hitherto unknown has been revealed by a 
 predilection for some special trait which he imparts to all his 
 work, consciously or because he cannot paint in any other way. 
 The Stuart flesh tints, the gorgeous tactile values of Copley, the 
 almond-eyed beauties of Wollaston are recognized at once. When 
 the trained eye knows these subtleties from constant association 
 with a number of portraits by the same artist, the authorship of a 
 portrait comes sometimes in a flash—unthinkingly. 
 
 Among the unattributed paintings of this early period is a por- 
 trait of Rabbi Karigal, 1733-1778, the friend of Ezra Stiles, 
 1727-1795, President of Yale College. The picture is owned by a 
 
 ~-a6f 19 Yeo 
 
PORTRAITS OF JEWS 
 
 great-grandson of President Stiles) Mr. MacGregor Jenkins, of 
 Boston. The Rabbi taught Doctor Stiles Hebrew and Sanscrit in 
 exchange for lessons in English, and according to Mr. Jenkins there 
 is a tradition that he came to this country at the invitation of Ezra 
 Stiles. Abiel Holmes’ “Life of Ezra Stiles,” published in 1789, 
 refers to the friendship and intimacy which existed between the 
 two men. Doctor Stiles, we learn, frequently attended worship at 
 the Newport synagogue where Karigal preached, and was very 
 curious to know the history of this picturesque group whose de- 
 scendants were already imprinting their culture in this new 
 country. 
 
 A photograph hardly does justice to this beautiful old portrait 
 of a Rabbi with his left hand holding a book, and his right hand 
 pointing upwards with admonitory finger, which Mr. Jenkins said 
 often hushed the children of his household into silence and obe- 
 dience. From under his high fur turban the Rabbi looks at us with 
 an air of wise benevolence and with an unmistakable gleam of 
 Jewish wit. He wears an outer garment of deep red or terra cotta, 
 and a white cravat. His beard is long and black and his upper lip 
 partly shaven. The upper right hand corner of the canvas bears 
 this inscription: 
 
 Rabbi Raphael Haijm Karigal 
 Born at Hebron, educated there and at Jerusalem and died 
 at Barcelona 
 
 Aetat 
 MDCCLAIT 1772 
 
 When Mr. Jenkins gave me the Karigal photograph, he also 
 gave me a copy of the Stiles portrait, which is assumed to have 
 been given in exchange for that of the Rabbi, and expressed the 
 
 ~-a6f 20 Ye 
 
MISCELLANEOUS PORTRAITS 
 
 hope that a study of the technique of these portraits would reveal 
 their authorship. The technique of the two pictures is quite at 
 variance, and the Karigal portrait is still unattributed, but shortly 
 after my conversation with Mr. Jenkins, in reading the diary of 
 Ezra Stiles, I came upon the following passage dated August 1, 
 1771, which gives the attribution of the Stiles portrait to Samuel 
 King: 
 
 Mr. King finished my picture. He began it last year, but went 
 over the face again now and added Emblems, etc. The pice is made 
 up thus. The effigy is in a green elbow chair in a teaching attitude, 
 with the right hand on the breast and the left holding a teaching 
 Bible. Behind and on the left side is a part of a library, two shelves 
 of books. A folio with Latin and Hebrew works, also the History 
 of China. By these I denote my taste for history. At my right hand 
 stands a pillar. These emblems are more descriptive of my mind 
 than the effigies of my face. 
 
 Among the many portraits of past Grand Masters of Masonry 
 hanging in the large assembly hall of the Boston Masonic Temple 
 is that of a handsome middle-aged gray-haired gentleman. It is 
 the portrait of the father of Judah Hays, Moses Michael Hays, 
 who was born in New York in 1738. He settled in Newport and 
 established himself later in business in Boston, where he died 
 May 9, 1805. The Columbian Centinel, published in Boston at 
 that time, contained the following typical eighteenth century 
 obituary: 
 
 In the character of the deceased there is much worthy of our 
 admiration, much for our imitation. Possessed by nature of a strong 
 intellect, there was a vigor in his conceptions of men and things 
 which gave a seeming asperity to his conversation, which was ever 
 
 frank and lucid. He walked abroad fearing no man, but loving all. 
 Under his roof dwelt hospitality; it was an asylum of friendship, 
 
 ~oa6f 1 Hen 
 
PORTRAITS OF JEWS 
 
 the mansion of peace. He was without guile, despising hypocrisy, 
 as he despised meanness. ‘Take him for all in all, he was a Man. 
 
 The portrait, which is a copy from the original, still remains 
 unattributed. 
 
 Another unattributed portrait is that of Israel Jacobs, 1714— 
 1810, which shows a very interesting head with a rather striking 
 resemblance to-Benjamin Franklin. Jacobs was a member of the 
 Pennsylvania Assembly in 1771, and of the United States Con- 
 gress, 1791-1793. Despite his high political connections, he was 
 a man of rather ordinary attainments by comparison with his wife, 
 Zippora Nunez Machado, who was a woman of great beauty and a 
 linguist among other accomplishments. Her first husband was the 
 Rev. David Mendes Machado. There is a portrait of a daughter 
 by her first marriage, Rebecca Machado, the wife of Jonas Phil- 
 lips. Mrs. Phillips’ portrait, life-size, is painted in a sitting posi- 
 tion with her shapely arms resting lightly on her lap. A black lace 
 scarf is worn over her bodice, which is filled in at the neck with 
 folds of white muslin, and short black curls are clustered in regular 
 fashion under her smart lace cap. 
 
 The portrait of her husband, Jonas Phillips, shows an aristo- 
 cratic white-haired man of portly mien, wearing a collared brown 
 coat, a buff waistcoat, a white stock collar, with bow, and a ruffled 
 shirt. ‘These portraits of Jonas Phillips and his wife have been at- 
 tributed by Mr. Frank W. Bayley to Charles Willson Peale, who 
 was born in Maryland in 1741. In 1768 he studied with Benjamin 
 West in London, and on his return established himself in Phila- 
 delphia. In 1772 he painted, at Mount Vernon, the earliest por- 
 trait of Washington in existence. According to his son, Rembrandt, 
 he painted fourteen portraits of Washington from life. Charles 
 
 —-26f 2.2 Beem 
 
MISCELLANEOUS PORTRAITS 
 
 Willson Peale died in Philadelphia, February 22, 1827. The por- 
 trait of Jonas Phillips and a copy of his wife’s portrait are in the 
 possession of the American Jewish Historical Society, while the 
 original portrait of Mrs. Phillips is in the possession of Mr. Isaac 
 Graff of New York. 
 
 Phillips, the first of his distinguished family to settle in Amer- 
 ica, came from Germany, where he was born in 1736. Among 
 other things he was a signer in 1770 of resolutions relating to Non- 
 Importation, was in the Revolutionary Army, and was a founder 
 of the Mikve Israel Congregation in Philadelphia. He died in 
 that city, January 29, 1803. His widow survived until 1831, and 
 among their numerous progeny of twenty-one children, a number 
 achieved great prominence as lawyers, actors, playwrights, and 
 journalists. A daughter, Rachel Phillips, was the mother of Com- 
 modore Uriah P. Levy, who brought about the abolition of cor- 
 poral punishment in the United States Navy. 
 
 Uriah P. Levy was born in Philadelphia, April 22,1792. Pro- 
 moted from cabin boy to the rank of Commodore, he was, at the 
 time of his death in 1862, the highest ranking officer in the United 
 States Navy. He served in the War of 1812, and in recognition of 
 his valuable services to the nation was voted the freedom of the 
 city of New York. Levy was a great admirer of Thomas Jefferson, 
 and the famous bronze statue of the latter, in the Capitol at Wash- 
 ington, modelled by David d’ Angers, the French sculptor, is the 
 gift of Levy to the United States Government. This was a unique 
 gift, as all other works of art in the possession of the government 
 had been paid for by Congress or State Legislatures. The beau- 
 tifully wrought sculpture, symbolizing American liberty, repre- 
 sents Jefferson as just having signed the Declaration of Indepen- 
 
 ~-<6f 23 feo 
 
PORTRAITS OF JEWS 
 
 dence. Nor was this the only instance in which Levy showed his 
 appreciation of Jefferson. When Jefferson died, Levy purchased 
 his large estate in Monticello, Virginia. The erection of this estate 
 began in 1764. The road still leads up grade to Monticello all the 
 way from Charlottesville. Here was hauled the timber to be fash- 
 ioned on the spot; the nails were wrought in a forge constructed 
 nearby, and artisans came from Europe to supervise operations. 
 The result was an imposing structure surmounted by a dome. 
 Within were spacious rooms with floors inlaid of satinwood and 
 rosewood. Especially beautiful was the living room, with its open 
 fireplace, and balustraded gallery, which has often been praised in 
 superlative terms. ‘This historic home Commodore Levy left, upon 
 his death, in March, 1862, to the people of the United States for 
 the maintenance of an agricultural school for the children of de- 
 ceased warrant-oflicers of the United States Navy. The legality of 
 the bequest was disputed, and the property reverted to Levy’s heirs. 
 
 However, Commodore Levy’s original wish that Monticello 
 remain a national shrine has been fulfilled, Within recent years the 
 Thomas Jefferson Memorial Foundation purchased the mansion 
 from Jefferson M. Levy, owner of the estate, and restored it to 
 almost the precise condition as when occupied by Jefferson. 
 
 Uriah P. Levy’s portrait still rightfully hangs in Monticello, 
 where it has been for over fifty years. I am indebted to Mr. Theo- 
 dore Fred Kuper, of the Thomas Jefferson Memorial Foundation, 
 for the photograph of this splendid portrait. Mr. Frank W. Bayley 
 attributes the portrait to Thomas Buchanan Read, 1822-1872, 
 famous for his painting of “Sheridan’s Ride,” and for the many 
 portraits he painted of men who fought in the War of 1812 and 
 in the Mexican War. } 
 
 —-<fif 2 4 eon 
 
MISCELLANEOUS PORTRAITS 
 
 Charles Willson Peale, who, it is supposed, painted the portraits 
 of Mr. and Mrs, Jonas Phillips, imparted the gift for art to his 
 sons. In the work of Rembrandt, the second son, is the portrait of 
 Judge Moses Levy, who was born in Philadelphia in 1758. He 
 was the son of Samson Levy, an ardent patriot and signer of the 
 Non-Importation Agreement in 1765. Moses Levy entered the 
 University of Pennsylvania in 1772, and was admitted to the Bar 
 in Philadelphia in 1778. He was Recorder of Philadelphia from 
 1802-1822. In 1822 he became Presiding Judge of the District 
 Court of Philadelphia, in which office he continued until 1825. It 
 is probable that it was he who had been considered by Jefferson for 
 the office of Attorney-General of the United States. Levy also had 
 the distinction of being one of the trustees of the University of 
 Pennsylvania, from 1802 to the time of his death in 1826. He 
 married Mary Pearce, 1763-1850, whose portrait, also painted by 
 Rembrandt Peale, hangs with his own in the home of his great- 
 grandson, Mr. J. J. Milligan of Baltimore. 
 
 Levy’s portrait shows him in a sitting position with his left arm 
 resting on his chair. He wears a dark blue coat and ruffled shirt, 
 which, with his silvery colored hair, is in pleasing contrast to his 
 dark brown eyes. The background, revealing a curtain, is in tones 
 of brown. Mrs. Levy, dressed in black satin, wears a white lace 
 veil over her powdered hair, long loose white gloves, and a ker- 
 chief about her neck. A large brown turkey-feathered fan, held in 
 her hand, quaintly decorates the portrait. 
 
 The Peale family ranks with the foremost in its contributions to 
 portraiture in this country. Rembrandt Peale’s fame rests on his 
 portrait of Washington, which he painted at the age of seventeen. 
 He then went to England to study under Benjamin West and, 
 
 ~oa6t 25 Yeo 
 
PORTRAITS OF JEWS 
 
 when he returned, painted portraits in New York, Philadelphia, 
 and the South. Subsequently he went to Italy, taking with him his 
 portrait of Washington, which brought him great distinction. He 
 was President of the American Academy, in succession to Trum- 
 bull, and was one of the charter members of the National Academy 
 of Design. He died in Philadelphia, October 3, 1860. 
 
 When I received the portraits of Mr. and Mrs. Israel Israel, 
 from Mr. Arthur G. Ellet, of Kansas City, the late Lawrence Park 
 had already passed away, and I was, therefore, unable to avail 
 myself of his expert opinion as to the identity of the artists who 
 painted these two portraits. Both are life-size and in oil. The 
 Israel Israels were also prominent in Philadelphia. 
 
 Mr. Israel is represented well advanced in years, in a sitting 
 position, wearing a dark blue coat and holding a document dated 
 1793 in his left hand. Particularly noticeable are the large brown 
 eyes, the drooping lids, the shaggy eyebrows, the right one being 
 slightly arched, and the gray silky hair which surmounts his well- 
 modelled, markedly Jewish features. 
 
 Family tradition, according to Mr. Ellet, attributes the portrait 
 to Benjamin West. While traditions are interesting, they are not 
 wholly reliable. Benjamin West could hardly have painted this 
 portrait, because there are no resemblances to his mannerisms. 
 Besides, West was born in 1753, and at the age of twenty-one, in 
 1774, embarked for Europe, and never returned. Mr. Israel was 
 born in 1743, and at the date of West’s sailing was only thirty-one 
 years of age. As the picture portrays Israel in his late maturity, it 
 seems conclusive enough that the painting must have been made by 
 some other artist. It is a very good portrait, however, and it is 
 hoped that the future will reveal its authorship. 
 
 —-9f 26 feo 
 
MISCELLANEOUS PORTRAITS 
 
 The portrait of Mrs. Israel (Hannah Erwin), obviously painted 
 by another artist, also remains without attribution. She is pictured 
 in a sitting position, holding a book in her right hand and facing 
 the spectator. A decorative scarf and dainty muslin cap offset the 
 Quaker-like simplicity of her dress, and her clear blue eyes and 
 brown hair relieve the austerity of her expression. 
 
 The Israels are also represented in two very lovely pastels, rich 
 and delicate in coloring, which hang, with their original frames, 
 in the home of Mrs. James Alden Valentine, of East Walpole, 
 Massachusetts. These portraits, also unattributed, portray the 
 Israels in their earlier years. 
 
 Mrs. Valentine is the great-granddaughter of Israel Israel, and 
 from her and her very gracious mother, Mrs. Elvira Augusta 
 Ellet Kendall, I gathered information about the Israels hitherto 
 unpublished. 
 
 Mrs. Israel was born in Wilmington, Delaware, of a Quaker 
 family. Israel Israel, a native of Pennsylvania, was the son of 
 Michael Israel, a Jew, and Mary J. Paxton, a member of the 
 Episcopal Church. 
 
 When Israel Israel was twenty-one years old, he left America 
 for the Barbadoes and, within ten years, amassed a considerable 
 fortune and returned to his native country, where he married Miss 
 Erwin in 1775. Mrs. Valentine showed me the marriage certifi- 
 cate, which was carefully wrapped with a portion of a very old 
 parchment scroll of the Book of Esther written in Hebrew. 
 
 The patriotism of the Israels during the Revolution, their hard- 
 ships and heroic deeds are interestingly recorded in Elizabeth F. 
 Ellet’s “Women of the Revolution.” 
 
 In 1800 Mr. Israel became High-Sheriff of Philadelphia, which 
 
 —<6f 27 feo 
 
PORTRAITS OF JEWS 
 
 office he held for three years, and was also Grand Master of the 
 Masonic Order in Pennsylvania in 1802 and in 1804. Another 
 portrait of Israel Israel hangs in the Grand Master’s Room in the 
 Masonic Temple in Philadelphia. He died in 1821. Mrs, Israel 
 passed away at the age of fifty-six at their country place near 
 Philadelphia in 1813. 
 
 They reared a large and prominent family. Their daughter, 
 Mary, married Charles Ellet, and from this union sprang the great 
 Ellet family of the Mississippi Ram Fleet and Marine Brigade, 
 which attained fame during the Civil War. Charles Ellet, Jr., 
 their son, was particularly well-known for his daring engineering 
 feats. His daughter, Mary Virginia Ellet, who is now Mrs. 
 Cabell, was for a great many years President Presiding of the 
 Daughters of the American Revolution. She is a cousin of 
 ex-Secretary of the Navy Josephus Daniels and of U. S. Senator 
 John Daniels of Virginia. 
 
 Mrs. Valentine has inherited a number of valuable things from 
 the Israel Israel home. Among them, a large set of Royal Sevres 
 china, some old dinner knives of Damascus steel, an I. Anthony 
 coffee pot, and a number of solid silver pieces, including tea pots, 
 a creamer, and a beautiful bowl, marked “F. W.” She also owns 
 three of the silver coat buttons worn by Israel Israel, and the black 
 lace shawl which Mrs. Israel wears in the pastel painting. A most 
 unusual piece of furniture from the Israel family finds its resting 
 place in Mrs. Valentine’s home. It is a mahogany sewing table, 
 easily converted into a writing desk, with two pockets, one on 
 each side, and supported by white mahogany spindles alternating 
 with black. Mr. Israel gave a handsome clock to his wife in 1775, 
 
 <i 28 fe 
 
MISCELLANEOUS PORTRAITS 
 
 which Mary, the daughter, inherited, and which was later pre- 
 sented by her to the Historical Society of Pennsylvania. 
 
 Of all the mementos that came down to Mrs. Valentine from 
 Israel Israel, the most notable and most interesting was a letter 
 written by the Reverend Henry Muhlenberg to Mr. Israel, dated 
 March 31, 1784. 
 
 This letter, written in the quaint bold script of that day, and of 
 which I made an exact copy, reads as follows: 
 
 Dear Mr. IsRaEL | 
 
 I received your Favor by the Rev’ Mr. Wade and complying 
 with your Request, found in our Church Records, that by Holy 
 Baptism you were adopted and made a child of God and an Inheri- 
 tor of the Kingdom of Heaven, on the 13tt Day of June Anno 
 Domini 1746; done upon serious Petitioning of your tender loving 
 Mother, on whose Breast you lay yet and were about a year old. 
 Your Father professed to be a Jew outwardly and your Mother a 
 well meaning Christian and Member of the English Church. She 
 lived in Friendship with several families of the English Church 
 in the Townships of Newhannover, Oly, etc: where John Camp- 
 bell Esq., William Mangridge Esq., Edward Drury A;. and their 
 respective Families in them ‘Times kept up an edifying Society and 
 used the Means of Grace for Salvation. 
 
 Accordingly on the said 13th Day of June 1746 you were dedi- 
 cated unto Jehova, the Most Adorable Father, Son and Holy 
 Ghost, by your beloved Mother, by me and Madam Mary Camp- 
 bell in the Presence of several Evidences. ‘The Covenant was per- 
 formed by Prayers, Promise and Vow, that you, dear Israel, when 
 living and arriving to years of Discretion, should be instructed to 
 renew the Solemn Promise and Vow, which was made in your 
 Name, should ratify and confirm the same in your own Person and 
 acknowledge yourself bound by the Grace of God and your serious 
 Endeavours, to know, to believe and to do all, whatsover is revealed 
 in the Old and New Testament of the Holy Bible and extracted 
 out of the same and set forth in the Catechism of the Church, as 
 
 ~-a6f 29 er 
 
PORTRAITS OF JEWS 
 
 most necessary to Eternal Salvation. Madam Campbell has de- 
 parted this life and been called home many years ago; and your 
 Absence from me, has not permitted to enquire, whether you have 
 performed the solemn Promise and Vow? not knowing whether 
 you were alive or dead. But I hope your dear mother has remem- 
 ber’d and affectionately exhorted you to observe your Duty. But in 
 Case you had neglected Instruction and gone astray like a lost 
 Sheep in the Wilderness, then I beseech you, for God’s Sake to lay 
 hold on the Means of Grace in Order to be led by the Operations 
 and Influence of the Holy Spirit into true Repentance, living Faith 
 and Godliness. And since you have an Opportunity to be instructed 
 in the Way of Salvation by the Rev? Mr. Wade, then improve the 
 Time and Opportunity and follow the example of Truly approved 
 Christians, in as much as they follow our ever blessed Saviour 
 and walk in his Commandments. Which is the fervent Prayer 
 of Dear Mr. Israel, your well wishing a: dying Friend: Henry 
 Muhlenberg Sen’. 
 
 NEw PROVIDENCE 
 March: 31% 1784. 
 
 In contrast to Israel Israel’s father, who outwardly professed 
 Judaism, was his mother, “a well-meaning Christian,” who, ac- 
 cording to the good Reverend, was extremely anxious that the 
 infant be “‘made a child of God and an inheritor of the Kingdom 
 of Heaven”—by baptism. The pious minister. was no less solicit- 
 ous that Israel earn eternal salvation—by confirming the baptism 
 and by believing and doing all that is revealed in the Old and 
 New Testament. Thus one more Jewish soul is to be saved from 
 eternal perdition. 
 
 In the collection of Mr. J. Bunford Samuel, of Philadelphia, 
 is a portrait of Rachel Levy, the wife of Aaron Levy. It is said 
 that Rachel was a redemptionist and that one day Aaron, seeing 
 
 ~<6f 30 eon 
 
MISCELLANEOUS PORTRAITS 
 
 her in tears, like Ruth “amid the alien corn,” while at work on 
 the Sabbath on the steps of the Chew House in Philadelphia, took 
 compassion on her, married her, and gave her the education then 
 considered suitable for a young woman of her position. She is rep- 
 resented in a slightly less than life-size portrait sitting in a red 
 chair. Over the shoulders and neck of her tightly-fitting bodice 
 are soft fluffy folds of white muslin, and around her plump throat 
 is a string of yellow beads. Her white scant cap is topped with a 
 cluster of blue ribbons. 
 
 Her husband, Aaron Levy, is also represented in portraiture. 
 Dr. A. 5. W. Rosenbach owns a miniature painting of him, and 
 there is a life-size portrait of Aaron in the possession of the Clay 
 family in Lexington, Kentucky. Aaron Levy, born in 1742, was a 
 wealthy landowner of his day. In 1779 he purchased a large tract 
 of land in Center County, Pennsylvania, and called it “Aarons- 
 ville.”” Haping some day that it would become the capital of the 
 state, he laid out a town of pretentious proportions. Except on 
 paper, the town never realized its founder’s dreams. However, the 
 village, as it now stands, consists largely of a magnificent street 
 flanked on either side by charming houses of the Colonial period, 
 which give it a quiet dignity. As Aaron advanced in years he became 
 “Jand poor,” and when the Gratz family assured him a comfor- 
 table annuity, he relinquished claim to his Philadelphia property, 
 in their favor, and retired to Aaronsville. His Philadelphia prop- 
 erty, located at Spring Hill and Garden Streets, incomparably val- 
 uable today, formed a large share in the basis of the Gratz wealth. 
 
 Another portrait in Mr. Samuel’s collection is a quaint silhou- 
 ette of his grandfather, John Moss, who was born in London in 
 1771, and died in Philadelphia in 1847. Mr. Samuel recently pur- 
 
 if 31 He 
 
PORTRAITS OF JEWS 
 
 chased two white marble lions, weighing two tons each, which had 
 been placed as an ornament on the steps of the old Merchants’ 
 Exchange in Philadelphia by Mr. Moss one hundred years ago. As 
 the Exchange was being rebuilt, it was decided to relegate the 
 lions to the scrap heap, and on this disclosure Mr. Samuel pur- 
 chased back his grandfather’s lions and took them to his summer 
 home at Sea Girt. Mr. Moss was the first to ship abroad a load of 
 Pennsylvania anthracite coal, in return for which he obtained a 
 highly remunerative cargo of bandanna handkerchiefs. He was a 
 director in several railroad companies, was interested in Masonry, 
 and was one of the committee on the Damascus episode, which 
 marked the first concerted action since the Fall of Jerusalem on 
 the part of Jews all over the world in behalf of their less fortunate 
 brothers. The authorship of the silhouette was unknown until quite 
 recently, when it was attributed by Mrs. Ethel Stanwood Bolton to 
 William Henry Brown. 
 
 Brown, known as the “last of the silhouettists,” was born in 
 1808 in Charleston, South Carolina, of Quaker ancestry. Showing 
 an inclination for his work at an early age, he soon became noted 
 in his own day, and shared with Edouart the honors of a master 
 craftsman in his field. Brown cut the whole figure very rapidly— 
 his time varying from one to five minutes. During his lifetime 
 he made many portraits of distinguished contemporaries; among 
 them were Chief Justice John Marshall, John Quincy Adams, 
 Andrew Jackson, John C. Calhoun, and others, all of which are 
 reproduced in Brown’s own book, “Portrait Gallery of Distin- 
 guished Citizens with Biographical Sketches.” 
 
 Other portraits in Philadelphia of high artistic worth are in the 
 possession of Dr. I. Minis Hays and merit consideration. Among 
 
 —»a6f 32 eon 
 
MISCELLANEOUS PORTRAITS 
 
 the most interesting are two beautiful portraits of Mr. and Mrs. 
 Manuel Josephson, by Jeremiah Theus. 
 
 An unusually fine portrait is this likeness of Manuel Josephson, 
 life-size to the waist and turned toward his left, with his eyes 
 facing front. He wears a gray suit trimmed with a collar and large 
 buttons. A white neckcloth tied under his chin is tucked into his 
 high buttoned waistcoat. His right arm rests by his side, and his 
 left hand, showing exquisite lace at his wrist, is thrust into his 
 waistcoat. Markedly beautiful is the oval face with its high fore- 
 head, long but shapely nose, and well-formed mouth and chin. 
 Manuel Josephson was born in 1729. During the years 178 5— 
 1791 he was president of the Mikve Israel Congregation in Phil- 
 adelphia. He married Ritzel Judah. 
 
 Mrs. Josephson is portrayed in a life-size portrait to the waist, 
 turned slightly towards her right, with her luminous eyes front. 
 Her tight-fitting blue satin bodice in décolletage is trimmed with 
 lace cleverly rendered. Ruffled sleeves also disclose lace just above 
 the wrists, and a dainty lace collar encircles her throat. On her 
 dark brown hair, brushed back from a high forehead, is a red rose. 
 
 The love for sheeny satins, colorful waistcoats, and attractive 
 accessories; in fact, the general gayety of apparel so apparent in 
 the dress of our early Americans is effectively brought out in these 
 paintings by Jeremiah Theus, who, when he died in 1774, amassed 
 a comfortable fortune from his painting. 
 
 Theus was born in Switzerland, and came about 1739 with two 
 brothers to South Carolina. His work was chiefly confined to the 
 South, where the following notice appeared in the Gazette of 
 Charleston, South Carolina, August 30, 1740: 
 
 ~o6f 3 3 fer 
 
PORTRAITS OF JEWS 
 
 Jeremiah Theus, Limner, gives notice that he is removed into 
 Market Square, near John Laurens, Sadler, where all Gentlemen 
 and Ladies may have their pictures drawn, likewise Landscapes of 
 all sizes. Crests and Coats of Arms for Coaches or Chaises. Like- 
 wise for the convenience of those who live in the country he is 
 willing to wait on them at their respective plantations. 
 
 There is hardly a southern family of note and position which is 
 not represented in the canvases of this versatile artist. 
 
 In Doctor Hays’ collection there is also a portrait of Barnard 
 Gratz, 1738-1801 (brother of Michael Gratz), and one of his 
 wife, Richea Meyers, 1731-1801, who was the daughter of 
 Sampson Meyers." Barnard is seated at a table with spectacles in his 
 right hand against a background of drapery and books. He came to 
 Philadelphia from Germany when about seventeen years of age 
 and entered into a partnership with Michael, trading with the 
 Indians, and supplying the government with Indian goods. He 
 was one of the signers of the Non-Importation Resolution and was 
 a trustee of the Mikve Israel Congregation, Philadelphia. Charles 
 Peale Polk, who painted the portrait, was a nephew of the noted 
 artist Charles Willson Peale, and is celebrated for having painted 
 some fifty portraits of Washington from memory. 
 
 The portrait of Richea Gratz in which she wears a red dress 
 cut low about her lovely neck, has been attributed by Lawrence 
 Park to Robert Feke, the early Newport painter, who was receiv- 
 ing commissions in Philadelphia at this time. 
 
 With this collection also hangs a most interesting pastel by 
 James Sharples of Samuel Hays, the grandfather of Doctor Hays. 
 Samuel Hays, 1764-1839, lived in Philadelphia, where he was 
 engaged in the East India trade and married Richea Gratz, daugh- 
 
 1. Or Mears. 
 
 —-<6f 34 fer 
 
MISCELLANEOUS PORTRAITS 
 
 ter of Mr. and Mrs. Michael Gratz. This Sharples pastel exhibits 
 those qualities of grace and charm found in the large collection in 
 the Old State House, in Philadelphia, where there is an array of 
 the notabilities of his day to whom in his sojourns he made requests 
 for portraits. In this manner, travelling about as an itinerant artist 
 in a four-wheeled carriage of his own contrivance, and carrying 
 with him his wife and three children and all his implements, 
 Sharples accumulated a considerable fortune, although his charges 
 were only fifteen dollars for a profile and twenty dollars for a full 
 face. 
 
 Other Philadelphians prominent in the days of the Revolution, 
 were Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Andrews, son-in-law and daughter 
 of Haym Salomon, who rendered important services to the cause 
 of the Revolution. Sallie Andrews, 1779-1854, was reputed to 
 have been a great coquette in her youth, and of fair complexion, 
 dark hazel eyes, and brown hair. She was active in social and phil- 
 anthropic work in Philadelphia, where she was born during the 
 Revolution, and died in New York City at the age of seventy-four. 
 One of her seventeen children, Joseph I. Andrews, married Mir- 
 iam Nones of New York, the daughter of Major Benjamin Nones 
 of Revolutionary fame, and the daughter of this union is Mrs. 
 E. L. Goldbaum, of Memphis, Tennessee, the owner of the orig- 
 inal portraits of the Andrews.’ 
 
 Mrs. Andrews wears, in the portrait, an oriental head-dress, 
 ivory in color, with lavender shadows. About her dark wisteria 
 dress is a white lace kerchief. Her jewels of pearls and diamonds 
 are now in the possession of her great-great-grandchild, Joseph 
 Franklin Andrews, of Memphis. Mr. Joseph Andrews, her hus- 
 
 1. Letters from Mrs. E. L. Goldbaum. 
 
 ---<6f 35 feo 
 
PORTRAITS OF JEWS 
 
 band, was born in New York City and died in Philadelphia. At 
 the time the portrait was painted, he was a retired banker. His suit 
 is of dark cloth, his vest of tan cloth. He is seated in a dark red 
 chair and holds his Bible and spectacles in hand. Like his wife, he 
 was also of fair complexion with hazel eyes and luxuriant dark 
 hair." | 
 
 An artist to whom recognition is now being accorded in greater 
 measure was John Wesley Jarvis, who was born in England in 
 1780, and came to this country at a very early age. He was chiefly 
 self-taught, and received some instruction in the painting of min- 
 iatures from Malbone. Many of his portraits can be found in the 
 New York City Hall, in eastern municipal halls, and in old south- 
 ern manors. Henry Inman, who was a pupil, often painted in back- 
 grounds and draperies under the master’s directions. A distin- 
 guished example of Jarvis’ work, now owned by Professor Samuel 
 Mordecai, of Durham, North Carolina, is the portrait of Jacob 
 Mordecai, who, in September, 1774, as a young sergeant, escorted 
 into Philadelphia the first American Congress. At the age of 
 twenty-three, he married Judith Myers of New York, and at her 
 death married Rebecca, a half-sister of his wife. He settled in 
 Warrenton, North Carolina, about 1787, where he'established a 
 Seminary for Young Ladies, which brought him no little fame. 
 Jarvis seems to rise above the commonplace in this picture in re- 
 vealing the character of his sitter, with his fine silvery head, gentle 
 mouth, and thoughtful eyebrows. 
 
 Another Jarvis portrait is that of Mordecai M. Noah, the great 
 American Jewish liberator and nationalist, who was born in Phil- 
 adelphia, July 19, 1785. He was a conspicuous figure as editor and 
 
 1. Letters from Mrs. E. L. Goldbaum. 
 
 —6f 36 feo 
 
MISCELLANEOUS PORTRAITS 
 
 publisher of several newspapers, and as consul in Tunis. Impressed 
 with the unfortunate condition of the Jews in Europe, he pur- 
 chased in 1825, on his return, twenty-five hundred acres of land 
 at Grand Island, New York, which he called “Ararat,” and issued 
 a manifesto for Jews to migrate there. The plan did not material- 
 ize, but he never relinquished the hope of the ultimate restoration 
 of the Jews to Palestine. The portrait is now owned by Mr. 
 Robert L. Noah, of New York City. 
 
 Another fine portrait by Jarvis is that of Major Mordecai 
 Myers. He was born in Newport, Rhode Island, in 1776 and died 
 in Schenectady in 1870, full of years and honor. His father was 
 a friend of Dr. Ezra Stiles. As a youth he studied military tactics 
 with Colonel de la Croix, a French officer who had served under 
 Napoleon. His military experiences are recorded in ‘Reminis- 
 cences, 1812-14, by Major M. Myers, 13th Infantry, U. S 
 Army.” His sword is in the National Museum in Washington, 
 D.C. Myers was in the Battle of Crysler’s Field on the Niagara 
 Frontier, and was taken wounded to the house of Doctor Mann, 
 where he remained four months. Here he met Miss Charlotte 
 Bailey, who became his wife. They resided at Kinderhook, near 
 Albany, where Myers was president of the village, and where he 
 publicly received and addressed Martin Van Buren on his return 
 home at the end of his term as President of the United States. He 
 was an enthusiastic Freemason, and was elected six times to the 
 New York State Assembly. Myers, with his low, cultured voice 
 and charming manner, was a splendid host, and in his circle of 
 friends whom he was delighted to see and entertain were Aaron 
 Burr, De Witt Clinton, and Alexander Hamilton. Myers’ oldest 
 daughter, Henrietta, married Peter S. Hoes, nephew of ex-Pres- 
 
 —#ef 3°7 Be 
 
PORTRAITS OF JEWS 
 
 ident Van Buren. A son, Theodorus Bailey Myers, was Lieutenant- 
 Commander of the United States Navy, and had a magnificent 
 library at his home at Four West Thirty-fourth Street, now the 
 Waldorf Astoria Hotel. The lives of Myers’ distinguished family 
 are recorded in a privately circulated volume, ‘Biographical 
 Sketches of the Bailey-Myers-Mason Families, 1776-1905.” 
 Two portraits of him are known to be extant. One, a miniature by 
 Tisdale, painted in 1799, depicts a young man whose wistful aspect 
 belies his twenty-two years. In the Jarvis portrait painted in 
 January, 1810, when he was thirty-three, he wears the uniform of 
 the United States Army. His fine eyes and expressive features are _ 
 well defined in this notable Jarvis painting. 
 
 In the Maryland Historical Society are two interesting Jarvis 
 portraits. One is of Mrs. Solomon Etting, née Rachel Gratz, the 
 daughter of Barnard Gratz, and first cousin of Rebecca and Rachel 
 Gratz. She was born in 1764 and died in 1831. The portrait pre- 
 sents an animated woman of middle age, with olive complexion, 
 dark eyes, and dark brown hair. She wears a lace cap with stream- 
 ers tied in bow fashion about a moderately plump neck, over which 
 is a small white veil fastened with a handsome brooch. A lace 
 shaw] of delicate texture, almost Copley-like in its feathery detail, 
 adorns her portly shoulders. The painting falls short of the ele- 
 gance of a Stuart, but gives a characterization of a well-defined 
 personality, and reminds one at moments of the smiling matrons 
 of Franz Hals. 
 
 A little more austere and philosophical, rather more reflective 
 in disposition, is the portrait of her husband, Solomon Etting, 
 1764-1847, who was a man of great ability and energy. He 
 anticipated by a generation the efforts of Disraeli and Baron Lionel 
 
 —-<6f 38 Henn 
 
MISCELLANEOUS PORTRAITS 
 
 de Rothschild, in the cause of Jewish emancipation, by making 
 successive petitions to the Legislature of Maryland from 1816— 
 1826, to make it possible for the Jews there to hold public office 
 without first declaring a belief in the Christian religion. There is 
 a subtle harmony of composition and treatment in this portrait 
 which shows him writing at a table, his left hand resting on the 
 arm of his chair. He wears a dark suit and white stock collar cut 
 low under the neck. Particularly appealing are the blue eyes, 
 moderately large, searching, yet kindly. 
 
 A survey of early American portraiture of Jewish people in this 
 country would not be complete without some notice of the works 
 of Charles Balthazar Julien Fevret de St. Mémin, born in Dijon, 
 France, March 12, 1770, and for some time a resident in this 
 country. This curious artist, who has left some strangely quaint 
 likenesses of celebrated families in America, made, among others, 
 a drawing of Hyman Marks, which is in the possession of the 
 American Jewish Historical Society, and portraits of Henry 
 Alexander, Solomon Moses, and Abraham Hart.’ Drawings of 
 Mrs. Samson Levy, Senior (Martha Lampley ), and her son, Sam- 
 son, Junior, are owned by a descendant, Mrs. Robert Hale Ban- 
 croft, of Boston, and an engraving of the wife of Samson, Junior, 
 who was Sarah Coates, reduced from the original St. Mémin 
 portrait, is in the possession of Mrs. Albert Bache, Philadelphia. 
 St. Mémin’s method of portraiture was unique. He first made a 
 life-sized portrait with black crayon on pink paper, by the aid of a 
 mechanical device of his own invention which he called a “phy- 
 
 1. Dacosta, who has been included in the list of Jewish subjects by St. Mémin, was not a 
 Jew but a Spanish Catholic. His full name was Jose Roiz Da Costa. Isaac Dacosta, the Jew, 
 
 died about 1784. As St. Mémin was born in 1770 he could hardly have drawn Isaac 
 Dacosta’s portrait. From a note by Samuel Oppenheim. 
 
 ~o<f 39 }e-- 
 
PORTRAITS OF JEWS 
 
 sionotrace,” and then reproduced the crayon upon a small copper 
 plate, two inches in diameter. He framed the crayon and gave it 
 with the plate and twelve proofs to his sitter for thirty-three dol- 
 lars. It is rather interesting to note that a St. Mémin portrait can 
 bring as much as five hundred dollars or more today, depending 
 upon the importance of the subject. A complete set with the name 
 of each subject is at the Corcoran Gallery, Washington, District 
 of Columbia. 
 
 ~-a6f 40 He 
 
I] 
 MINIATURES 
 
 FORM of painting which enjoyed great vogue in Colonial 
 days was the miniature, adorned in frames of simple 
 beauty or richly decorated with precious gems. Great 
 
 sentiment and romance attached to these dainty intimate treasures, 
 which sometimes enclosed a lock of hair, as they were often lovers’ 
 gifts. They were painted on ivory and executed in water colors, 
 the flesh tints and other parts requiring great delicacy of finish, to 
 preserve the freshness of the complexion, and the transparency of 
 blood and vein underneath the skin. 
 
 At the observance of the one hundred and twenty-fifth Anni- 
 versary of the Inauguration of George Washington, at a meeting 
 of the Daughters and Sons of the American Revolution in New 
 York City, May, 1914, mention was made of the miniature of 
 Colonel David Salisbury Franks and the history of his brilliant 
 career recalled. He served as an American diplomatic agent and 
 officer in the American Revolutionary Army. He was an aide-de- 
 camp to Benedict Arnold, after whose trial for treason he con- 
 ducted Mrs. Arnold, at the request of Washington, to her home in 
 Philadelphia. In this trial Franks was also implicated but honorably 
 acquitted, and subsequently went to Europe as bearer of despatches 
 to Jay in Madrid and to Franklin in Paris. On his return he was 
 reinstated in the army with rank of Major and was granted four 
 hundred acres of land in recognition of his services during the war. 
 He was one of the original members of the Cincinnati, Pennsyl- 
 
 ~a6f 41 eon 
 
PORTRAITS OF JEWS 
 
 vania Division. The miniature owned by Mrs. Clarence I. De Sola, 
 of Montreal, Canada, was painted in 1776 at Valley Forge, for 
 the sum of seventy-five dollars, by Charles Willson Peale, 1741— 
 1827, one of the finest of the American miniature and portrait 
 painters. It shows an unusually scrupulous attention to detail. The 
 hair is powdered, and the coat is a military blue. It is exquisitely 
 done and encased in its original simple gold frame with glass on 
 both sides.’ 
 
 Mr. Bunford Samuel of Philadelphia owns an unattributed 
 miniature of Jacob De Leon, the known facts of whose life are 
 meagre. There is a tradition, however, that as a captain on General 
 Pulaski’s staff, he fought at the Battle of Camden, South Carolina, 
 and with Captain De La Motta and Major Benjamin Nones, car- 
 ried the mortally wounded De Kalb from the field.* The powdered 
 hair, the claret-colored coat with gilt buttons, and the ruffled shirt 
 make a pleasing Colonial portrait. 
 
 Miss Eleanor S. Cohen, of Baltimore, has a photograph from 
 the miniature of her maternal great-grandfather, Isaac C. Moses, 
 who died April 3, 1834. The present ownership of the original is 
 unknown to her. There is also in her possession a composite minia- 
 ture of Kitty Etting Cohen, 1799-1837, the sister of Miriam 
 Etting and the wife of Benjamin I. Cohen. After Mrs. Cohen’s 
 death, a son and daughter sat for a miniature which is said to be an 
 excellent likeness.* 
 
 In the Maryland Historical Society there is a collection of min- 
 iatures in the Cohen Room, among which is the still unattributed 
 
 1. Letters from Mrs. Clarence I. De Sola, Montreal. 
 
 2. Dr. Barnett A. Elzas discredits this tradition in his book on the “Jews of South 
 Carolina.” 
 
 3. Letters from Miss Eleanor S. Cohen, Baltimore. 
 
 ~alh 42, Yee 
 
MINIATURES 
 
 miniature of Mrs. Solomon Etting, apparently done when she was 
 Rachel Gratz. The features which Jarvis painted in their maturity 
 are here delineated in a delicate youthful manner. The young 
 woman’s light brown hair and fair complexion are set off exquis- 
 itely by her white dress. There are also two miniatures here of her 
 distinguished husband attributed to Benjamin Trott. One shows 
 Mr. Etting in profile with the same fine blue eyes and white hair 
 that we see in the Jarvis painting. The other represents a front 
 view, the hair brown, the suit gray, evidently of a more youthful 
 period. 
 
 Benjamin Trott was among the formidable rivals of Malbone in 
 his day. He was born probably in Boston about 1770. He painted 
 in New York and Philadelphia, and was a friend of Stuart, whose 
 oils he copied in miniature. When Trott exhibited at the Penn- 
 sylvania Academy, it was said that his little paintings had all the 
 force and effect of the best oil pictures. This was the more com- 
 mendable as Trott was purely an American, and had never come 
 under the influence of foreign study. He would probably have 
 excelled as a painter had he not devoted considerable time in ex- 
 perimenting with devices to convey colors to ivory, but, in the 
 course of these experiments, he discovered some unusually fine 
 pigments which gave his work an exquisite clarity. 
 
 A miniature in the Cohen Room, attributed to Trott, of Benja- 
 min I. Cohen, 1797-1845, son of Israel I. Cohen, and son-in-law 
 of Solomon Etting, is singularly sweet and expressive. Against a 
 gray background, the romantic features of this handsome young 
 man in his Byronic ruffles make a striking portrait. Another minia- 
 ture said to be by Trott is that of Joseph Solomon, the father-in- 
 law of Elijah Etting, the founder of the Etting family in America. 
 
 ~-a6f 43 fe 
 
PORTRAITS OF JEWS 
 
 Solomon was born in London in 1700 and died in this country in 
 1780. The portrait reveals small blue eyes, a gray wig, pale com- 
 plexion, strongly marked Semitic features, and a mouth and chin 
 feminine to the point of indulgence—comfortable and complacent 
 in his appearance like the Colonial patricians at ease on their plan- 
 tations. : 
 
 In the Maryland Historical Society are also miniatures by the 
 greatest of the American miniaturists, Edward Greene Malbone, 
 who was born in Newport in 1777. Among the precious minia- 
 tures which he painted in his short career, for he was only thirty 
 years old at the time of his death, is a charming oval of Miriam 
 Etting Myers, 1787-1808, the daughter of Solomon and Rachel 
 Etting, and wife of Jacob Myers. Her brown eyes, fair complex- 
 ion, and white Empire dress, make a luminous portrait against the 
 delicate blue background. 
 
 Even more beautiful are his portraits of the famous Gratz sis- 
 ters, whom he met through Mr. and Mrs. J. Ogden Hoffman, of 
 New York, at whose home the Gratz girls were frequent visitors. 
 Here they became acquainted with many members of the brilliant 
 circle which gave New York literary distinction in the early years 
 of the nineteenth century—William Cullen Bryant, James Feni- 
 more Cooper, John Inman, brother of Henry Inman, the artist, 
 Henry Tuckerman, and Washington Irving. The latter was en- 
 gaged to the Hoftmans’ daughter, Matilda, to whom Rebecca was 
 devotedly attached, and whom she nursed during her fatal illness. 
 Ever afterward, a beautiful friendship existed between Irving and 
 Miss Gratz, and when he spoke of her subsequently to Walter 
 Scott, the latter was so impressed by the beauty of her character 
 that he immortalized his friend’s friend in his conception of 
 
 if 44 Be 
 
MINIATURES 
 
 Rebecca in “Ivanhoe.”* It was from the Hoffman family that 
 Edward Malbone brought letters of introduction to Miss Gratz, 
 from whom he received encouragement and numerous commis- 
 sions. A miniature of Rachel was presented by him as a gift to 
 Mrs. Hoffman. 
 
 Malbone’s feeling for beauty and grace gives the exquisite min- 
 iatures of the Gratz sisters a sweet and charming purity of expres- 
 sion. These lovely young women, in their dainty Empire frocks of 
 white dotted muslin, had no hesitation to entrust the painting of 
 their portraits to this artist, of whom Washington Allston, a con- 
 temporary, said: ““No woman ever lost any beauty from his hand.” 
 The miniature of Rebecca is owned by Miss Rachel Gratz Nathan, 
 of New York, and that of Rachel is in the possession of Mrs. John 
 Hunter, of Savannah, Georgia. 
 
 1. Anne Hollingsworth Wharton, “Heirlooms in Miniatures.” 
 
 ~if 45 He 
 
II] 
 
 THE GREAT AMERICAN MASTERS 
 GILBERT STUART AND 
 THOMAS SULLY 
 
 S MALBONE was the greatest of the American miniatur- 
 ists, so Gilbert Stuart was the greatest of the American 
 portrait painters. He was born near Newport, Rhode 
 
 Island, December 3, 1755. At the age of eighteen, after some 
 training, he went abroad to study and returned within two years 
 destitute of everything but the great gift. Before long, however, 
 the Jews of Newport discovered his genius, and shortly after his 
 return he began to paint portraits of the wealthy Jewish families 
 then living there, including the Lopez family, of whose portraits 
 now, unfortunately, there is no trace.’ The subjects of a portrait 
 painter play a part more significant in the development of an 
 artist than is commonly recognized. Perhaps it is not too much 
 to infer that through the early recognition of his genius by these 
 Jews, Stuart’s great career was started, receiving that early impetus 
 which often makes the point of demarcation between an indiffer- 
 ent success and a career of surpassing distinction. In this sense 
 Gilbert Stuart and the world owe much to the Jews. In 1775, 
 Stuart went abroad, again, and after a short career in London, 
 where he rivalled Reynolds and Gainsborough in popularity, a 
 patriotic impulse to paint a portrait of Washington brought him 
 
 1. “Masters in Art: Stuart,” January, 1906. 
 
 —-af 47 Heo 
 
PORTRAITS OF JEWS 
 
 back to this country. He worked in New York, Philadelphia, 
 Washington, and finally settled in Boston. 
 
 His portraiture was enhanced by his capacity to create an en- 
 vironment which banished self-consciousness in his sitters, a feat 
 he achieved largely through his personal charm. His portraits, the 
 best of which are superb—the flesh, brilliant and transparent in 
 the light, mellow yet glowing in the shadows—have a permanent 
 freshness and are painted with unequalled purity of color. At 
 times there are suggestions of fabric or lace, but these were indi- 
 cated merely to give an effect, and in general costumes were but 
 accessories. He said himself “I copy the works of God, and leave 
 the clothes to tailors and mantua-makers.” 
 
 In 1825 Stuart’s health began to fail, and he died on July 9, 
 1828. The “Life and Works of Gilbert Stuart,” by George C. 
 Mason, attributing more than six hundred portraits to this inde- 
 fatigable artist, remained for some time the best work of reference 
 on Stuart’s life. It is now superseded by Lawrence Park’s monu- 
 mental work on Stuart. 
 
 Among the Jewish portraits is the typical Stuart head of Abra- 
 ham Touro, brother of the philanthropist Judah Touro, of New 
 Orleans and Boston, and son of Isaac ‘Touro, whose portrait Stuart 
 painted from memory after Touro’s death. The Touro family 
 were early residents of Newport, and Ezra Stiles, in his diary, 
 mentions spending the day, June 30, 1773, with Mr. Abraham de 
 Isaac Touro, who married a Miss Hays,’ and for whom Rabbi 
 Karigal performed the ceremony. 
 
 Dr. I. M. Cline, of New Orleans, the present owner of this 
 portrait,’ said that it was given by Judah Touro to Mr. Gershom 
 
 1. Miss Reyna Hays was a sister of Moses Michael Hays. 
 2. This portrait was just acquired, March, 1927, by The Ehrich Galleries, New York. 
 
 —o<fif 48 fie 
 
AMERICAN MASTERS 
 
 Kursheedt, of New Orleans, who had been appointed executor of 
 the Touro estate. Mr. Kursheedt gave it to his sister, Mrs. Benja- 
 min Florance (née Rebecca Kursheedt, of New Orleans), who 
 passed it to her son, Mr. Ernest Touro Florance, from whom it 
 was purchased by Dr. Cline. The portrait is that of a very hand- 
 some young man, keen of visage, pleasing in expression. Doctor 
 Cline writes that he has seen many Stuarts, but this cannot be sur- 
 passed for subtlety and charm. 
 
 Mr. Touro, at the age of forty-five, while watching a parade in 
 Boston one day, met with a fatal accident, having crushed his leg 
 in leaping from his chaise. In his will this young man, among other 
 legacies, left ten thousand dollars to the Massachusetts General 
 Hospital and fifteen thousand dollars to the synagogue at New- 
 port, where his body is interred. 
 
 Another Stuart portrait is that of Jacob Rodriguez Rivera, 
 painted about 1774 and given by Miss Rodman, of Boston, to the 
 Redwood Library in Newport. The Rodman family records re- 
 veal that the painting is that of Jacob Rivera and not of Abraham, 
 as has been commonly supposed. Miss Rodman’s great-grand- 
 father Rodman lived as a youth in Newport, where the Jews 
 employed advanced business methods then unknown to other mem- 
 bers of the community, and young men who sought superior com- 
 mercial training attached themselves to the Jewish merchants 
 there. Mr. Rodman entered the employ of Jacob Rivera and, 
 admiring his character and personality, asked him to sit for his 
 portrait. There has been some dispute as to the authenticity of 
 this portrait.” Miss Rodman believes that it was painted by Edward 
 
 1. Conversation with Miss Emma Rodman, Boston. 
 
 2. “Mr. Hart examined this Rivera portrait with me and decided that it was painted by 
 Savage and not by Stuart. I did not agree with him, nor did Miss Rodman, at that time 
 at least. What Mr. Bayley’s opinion about it is I do not know.”——-Lawrence Park. 
 
 a8 49 fe 
 
PORTRAITS OF JEWS 
 
 Savage in Leicester, Massachusetts, where her family afterward 
 lived, and where, too, she believes the Riveras removed, but Mr. 
 Frank W. Bayley, after a study of the historic data available and 
 examination of the technique, said that it was painted by Stuart in 
 his early period. The portrait is that of a gentleman past middle 
 life in a black coat, wearing a white stock collar and white lace 
 cuffs. His right hand rests on the back of a draped chair, and his 
 left hand is tucked inside his coat. The face is very well drawn, 
 showing a prominent nose and protruding lower lip. The artist, 
 with feeling and sincerity, has reproduced the character and per- 
 sonality of the gentle gray-haired old man. It is a striking example 
 of early American art. 
 
 Another important Stuart is that of Samuel Myers, tHe son of 
 Myer Myers, a banker and the foremost New York silversmith of 
 his day. Samuel was born in New York City, in 1775. Because of the 
 political activities of the elder Myers in behalf of the Revolution- 
 ists, the family was forced to flee to Connecticut upon the occupa- 
 tion of New York by the British. The Samuel Myers portrait was 
 painted for him by Gilbert Stuart about 1810, when Myers was 
 living in Richmond, Virginia, where he went after his marriage in 
 1796 to his second wife, Judith Hays, of Boston. The portrait is 
 now owned by a great-granddaughter, Mrs. John Hill Morgan of 
 New York City. It is on a mahogany panel twenty-five by thirty 
 inches, and a copy, possibly by Jane Stuart, a daughter of the artist, 
 is owned by Mrs. Morgan’s sister, Mrs. Richard Frothingham 
 O’Neil, of Boston. Against a red background is limned the por- 
 trait of a distinguished-looking man of middle age, his hair tinged 
 with gray, wearing a black coat, white stock collar, and a lace- 
 
 1. Letters from John Hill Morgan, Esq., New York. 
 
 ~a6f 50 Yeo 
 
AMERICAN MASTERS 
 
 ruffled shirt. His nose is aquiline, his mouth firm and small, and 
 he has a large chin and forehead. The eyes, appraising yet kindly, 
 are indicative of a character that reached great heights both in 
 commerce and in philanthropy. 
 
 At the time Mr. Myers gave the commission for his own pic- 
 ture, he ordered from Stuart a replica of his Athenzeum portrait of 
 Washington, for whom Mr. Myers had conceived a great admira- 
 tion. He owned this picture for many years, when he either sold 
 or presented it to the Virginia State Library. This Washington 
 portrait, however, has unfortunately disappeared. 
 
 Judah Hays, 1772-1832, a brother-in-law of Samuel Myers, 
 was also painted by Stuart at the same time, probably at the request 
 of Mr. Myers. The portrait descended to a grandson, Major 
 FE. T. D. Myers, of Richmond, Virginia (for many years President 
 of the Richmond, Fredericksburg & Potomac Railway Company), 
 at whose home, in a fire, it was badly damaged some ten years ago. 
 It has been restored and is now in the possession of another de- 
 scendant, Mrs. William C. Preston, of Richmond, Virginia. Mrs. 
 O’Neil has a copy of this portrait painted by her father, Mr. 
 William Myers, an artist, which.Mr. Morgan believes is superior 
 to the burned original. 
 
 Judah, the son of Moses Michael Hays, of Boston, received a 
 good education, which was further enhanced by the study of 
 French in Europe, whither he set out in 1796. Subsequent trips 
 were made there on business, and on the death of his father he 
 inherited a fortune representing large real estate holdings. To him 
 belongs the distinction of being one of the founders of the Boston 
 Athenzum. Possessed of wealth and culture, it is unfortunate that 
 he did not live longer to enjoy its benefits; his life was cut short, 
 
 math 51 He 
 
PORTRAITS OF JEWS 
 
 while ona pleasure trip to Florida, by an accidental drowning. His 
 portrait represents a handsome young man of romantic counte- 
 nance, with wavy brown hair and blue eyes and regular features. 
 
 The Myers family are represented in other portraits by Stuart 
 now owned by Mr. Barton Myers, of Norfolk, Virginia. These 
 are the portraits of Mr. and Mrs. Moses Myers, which have been 
 incorrectly listed in Mason’s book under the name “Mieres.” _ 
 
 Mr. Myers’ portrait was painted about 1808 in Boston. He is 
 seated in a gilded armchair, upholstered in crimson velvet, before 
 a table covered with a crimson cloth, on which his right hand rests 
 holding an open letter. His hair is powdered, his eyes are dark 
 brown, and he wears short side whiskers. His white neckcloth, tie, 
 shirt frills, and white waistcoat are in accordance with the gentle- 
 manly attire of the day. His eyebrows and forehead suggest a 
 largesse of thought, and the appearance of whimsicality and dis- 
 cernment — in the eyes and mouth — affirms a definitely Jewish 
 expression. 
 
 Moses Myers was the son of Hyman Myers, a native of Amster- 
 dam, who resided in New York. Moses came to Norfolk, Virginia, 
 in 1786. He was a foremost citizen of Norfolk, and a Jewish 
 banker there. When the Bank of Richmond was established in 
 1792, he was named in the act as its superintendent at Norfolk. 
 He also represented the French Republic at Norfolk at this crit- 
 ical time. An old record says of Moses Myers: “He possessed in an 
 eminent degree what may be called the chivalry of the commercial 
 character, and displayed in bearing a dignity and grace which 
 looked infinitely beyond an ignoble rivalry and the tricks of trade.” 
 
 His wife was Eliza Judd or Judah of Montreal, the daughter 
 of Samuel Judah, who, though living in Canada during the Revo- 
 
 —-<6f 52 He 
 
AMERICAN MASTERS 
 
 lution, sympathized with the American cause, and rendered it 
 invaluable service. 
 
 Eliza’s portrait was also painted about 1808 in Boston. Clus- 
 tered beneath a white turban are seen little reddish-brown curls, 
 and a lace shawl delicately falls over her low-necked Empire dress. 
 Stuart made little of accessories and backgrounds, and here, as in 
 the portraits of so many women whom he painted, Mrs. Myers is 
 seated in an Empire armchair—a studio property—with a gilded 
 wooden frame and upholstered in crimson velvet. 
 
 There hangs in the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, the 
 portrait of Colonel Isaac Franks, presented to him with this in- 
 scription: “Portrait of Mr. Isaac Franks presented to friend Isaac 
 Franks as a token of regard by Gilbert Stuart, Germantown, Octo- 
 ber 1, 1802.” The portrait was left to Samuel and Sara Franks, 
 children of the Colonel, each by turn to have it for one year. The 
 picture was afterwards sold by G. W. Huffnagel, son-in-law of 
 Colonel Franks, to the late Henry C. Gibson, who bequeathed it 
 to the Museum. 
 
 Isaac Franks was a great patriot and officer in the Revolutionary 
 Army. He was born in New York, May 27, 1759, and died in 
 Philadelphia, March 4, 1822. It was in his house at Germantown, 
 a suburb of Philadelphia, that President Washington resided dur- 
 ing the prevalence of the yellow fever. 
 
 A Stuart portrait of surpassing beauty in the possession of Mr. 
 Henry Joseph of Montreal, Canada, is of the beautiful Rachel 
 Gratz, daughter of Michael Gratz, and sister of Rebecca Gratz. 
 It is almost impossible to set down in words the unusual charm of 
 her face with its expressive eyes and delicate features, the graceful 
 sweep of her blond curls, the contour of her neck and shoulders, 
 
 —-<if 5 3 fier 
 
PORTRAITS OF JEWS 
 
 all of which combine to make a portrait of surpassing loveliness. 
 In comparison with her sister, Rebecca, she had no “history.” She 
 married Solomon Moses in 1806, also portrayed by Stuart, reared 
 a large family, and died at the age of forty in 1823. 
 
 The portrait of her husband was painted in 1806. Solomon 
 Moses was no less handsome than his beautiful wife, Rachel 
 Gratz; indeed, there are few Stuart portraits with which these do 
 not favorably compare. In the refined oval of the face, the glow- 
 ing eyes, the chiselled nose, mouth, and chin, the absolute freedom 
 and life quality of the pose, is the quintessence of Stuart’s art. 
 Solomon Moses was a merchant of no small importance in New 
 York, by 1796, and he and his wife reared a large family, of which 
 a daughter, Sarah Gratz Moses, was the mother of Mr. Joseph, 
 the present owner of the portrait. 
 
 Another Stuart in this collection is that of Mrs. Michael Gratz, 
 the mother-in-law of Solomon Moses. Mrs. Gratz was Miriam 
 Simon, the daughter of Joseph Simon. She was born in 1750 and 
 died in 1808. Mrs. Gratz is shown with a dainty lace cap, worn by 
 the mothers of that generation, a thin white fichu about her throat, 
 and hands folded in matronly fashion. Common sense gleams 
 from those clear eyes and intelligent countenance, a thoroughly 
 practical and livable character of dignity and calm, modelled with 
 care and elegance. 
 
 The Gratz family is also represented by another artist in this 
 collection in the portrait of Joseph Gratz, 1785-1858, the son of 
 Mr. and Mrs. Michael Gratz, by George Peter Alexander Healy. 
 Healy was born in Boston, in 1808, and at his best his portraits, 
 especially those of eminent men, among whom are Webster, Clay, 
 and Calhoun, are full of vigor, and rank with notable examples of 
 
 ~-<6f 54 Hee 
 
AMERICAN MASTERS 
 
 American portraiture. This portrait of Gratz is unmistakably a 
 rugged piece of work, a characterization of a dignified looking 
 man in a dark suit and white collar. He was secretary of the Con- 
 gregation Mikve Israel for a long period of time in Philadelphia, 
 was a director of the Institution for the Instruction of the Deaf 
 and Dumb in that city, and an early member of the first City Troop 
 of the Philadelphia Club. Like his brothers Hyman and Simon, 
 he remained unmarried. In view of the numerous and interesting 
 details of the Gratz family, it is surprising that more of his life has 
 not been recorded. His sister Rebecca and his father Michael 
 Gratz are immortalized in portraits by Sully in the collection of 
 Mr. Henry Joseph of Montreal. 
 
 Thomas Sully, 1783-1872, was born in England and came to 
 this country with his family when nine years of age. When twenty 
 years old, having failed in business, he established himself as an 
 artist, and after a short residence in New York and in Boston where 
 he received some instruction from Gilbert Stuart, returned to 
 London, where he studied with Benjamin West. On his return he 
 did some excellent portraits, and in 1837 made another visit to 
 England, during which he painted the celebrated portrait of Queen 
 Victoria. His best work, however, was done before 1825, most of 
 his pictures after that degenerating into mere prettiness. How- 
 ever, his work at its best reveals a singular charm and delicacy. In 
 his long life of eighty-nine years he painted hundreds of portraits 
 listed in his Register." Among them are a number of Jewish por- 
 traits, but only a few can be described here. 
 
 1.See addenda. Doubtless there were many Jews painted by Sully whom I have not 
 listed, because wherever there has been a shadow of doubt I have deemed it best to omit 
 them. It is not alone from the name that one can discover a Jewish origin. In Pennsylvania, 
 for example, there were families of German and Dutch origin whose names might have 
 
 applied equally to Jew or Gentile. 
 96 55 He 
 
PORTRAITS OF JEWS 
 
 The brilliant youth of Rebecca Gratz, so charmingly portrayed 
 in the Malbone miniatures, was fulfilled in a life devoted to charity 
 and philanthropy, and in Mr. Joseph’s large painting of her by 
 Sully’ much of this loveliness of character finds expression. She 
 has an olive complexion, brilliant color, soft, dark brown eyes and 
 black hair. Over her claret-colored dress she wears a white lace 
 drape and a pale yellow mantle lined with white fur.* That this 
 was a faithful representation of the subject is confirmed by John 
 Sartain in his ““Reminiscences of a very Old man,” in which he 
 tells of a visit to Miss Gratz in her later life. “(Her eyes struck me 
 as piercingly dark, yet of mild expression, in a face tenderly pale. 
 The portrait Sully painted of her must have been a remarkable 
 likeness, that so many years after I should recognize her instantly 
 by remembrance of it.” 
 
 Her father, Michael Gratz, 1740-1811, came to America in 
 1758 and settled in Philadelphia. A description of the portrait by 
 the present owner singles out especially the blue eyes, ruddy com- 
 plexion and gray hair, the buff waistcoat, white stock and taupe 
 coat.* ‘The so-called looseness which mars some of Sully’s other 
 portraits finds no place here. In this magnificent portrayal of a 
 keen and kindly-visaged man, Sully has achieved a remarkable 
 study. It betrays no sentimentality; it is the face of a man of strong 
 character, not insensitive to beauty and permeated with nobility. 
 Some of the extraordinary business enterprise and initiative which 
 among other things impelled him to purchase the Mammoth Cave 
 in Kentucky has found expression in this painting. 
 
 The colonizing impulse came upon him in the years between 
 
 1. See addenda for other Sully portraits of Rebecca Gratz. 
 2. Letters from Henry Joseph, Esq., Montreal. 
 3. Letters from Henry Joseph, Esq., Montreal. 
 
 -<6f 56 feo 
 
AMERICAN MASTERS 
 
 1768-1775, and he engaged in many enterprises which were con- 
 tinued by his son Benjamin Gratz, 1792-1884; and their collected 
 documents from the time of the Seven Years’ War to the Revolu- 
 tion, from the War of 1812 to the Mexican and Civil Wars, com- 
 pass the growth of the United States not only from the Atlantic 
 Coast to the Mississippi, but even to the Rio Grande and the Pa- 
 cific. Benjamin finally took up his residence at Lexington, Ken- 
 tucky, and became second president of the first Kentucky railroad. 
 He married Maria Cecil Gist, granddaughter of Christopher Gist, 
 whose maps, now in the Public Record Office in London, are the 
 first on record from actual surveys of the Ohio Valley. His por- 
 trait and that of his wife were both painted by Sully, and are in 
 the possession of a daughter, Mrs. Thomas Clay of Lexington, 
 Kentucky, whose husband was a grandson of Henry Clay. 
 
 Sully’s Register includes the portrait of Gustavus A. Myers, 
 1801-1869, the son of Samuel Myers, of whom the portrait by 
 Stuart has already been mentioned. Gustavus married Mrs. James 
 Hugh Conway, the daughter of Governor William Giles of Vir- 
 ginia. He and his father lived in adjoining houses in Richmond, 
 and the well-known Crump House there is the house once owned 
 by Samuel Myers. A son, William, was a talented artist, who copied 
 the Stuart portrait of his great-uncle Judah Hays, and the Sully 
 portrait of his father. Gustavus was a prominent lawyer and a man 
 of pronounced literary tastes, and thus drew about him a circle of 
 friends, one of whom was G. P. R. James, for several years Brit- 
 ish Consul in Richmond. At the outbreak of the Civil War, no 
 doubt through the recommendation of Mr. James, Mr. Myers 
 was appointed British Consul in Richmond and, though not an 
 
 official minister, acted as representative of the British Government 
 
 —~<if 57 feo 
 
PORTRAITS OF JEWS 
 
 in its dealings with the Confederate States of America throughout 
 the war.’ 
 
 In the portrait by Sully the face is illumined with a fine spir- 
 itual quality. It is owned by Mr. Myers’ granddaughter, Mrs. 
 John Hill Morgan of Brooklyn, and for some time has been on 
 exhibition at the Brooklyn Art Museum together with the Stuart 
 portrait of Samuel Myers. 
 
 Sully was known as the “Sir Thomas Lawrence of America” 
 because, in his charming and delicate portrayal of women, he was 
 not unlike his great English contemporary. The delicacy of his 
 brush is exemplified in a portrait, owned by the Corcoran Gallery 
 of Art, of Fanny Yates, who was born in Liverpool, England, of 
 a prominent Jewish family. Here she was married to Jacob Cla- 
 vius Levy, a native of Charleston, South Carolina, when she was 
 but sixteen years of age, and came to this country with her hus- 
 band about 1840. Jacob Clavius was a gentleman of note; he was 
 a director of the Union Insurance Company from 1830-1840, a 
 delegate to the Knoxville R. R. Convention in 1836, and a mem- 
 ber of the Charleston Chamber of Commerce from 1841-1847. 
 Politically he was affiliated with the Union party. A scholarly 
 article which he wrote on the “Reformed Israelites” appeared in 
 The Southern Quarterly Review for April, 1844. His father, an 
 Englishman by birth, came to this country at an early age, bring- 
 ing with him books, silverware, glass and china.’ 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Jacob Clavius Levy reared a large family. A 
 daughter, Eugenia, married Philip Phillips, a lawyer of promi- 
 nence, who originated the Court of Claims. Eugenia, a brilliant 
 
 1. Letters from John Hill Morgan, Esq., New York. 
 
 2. Letters from Mrs. Eugenia Phillips Myers Minis, the great-granddaughter of Fanny 
 Yates Levy. 
 
 —-<6f 58 Yee 
 
AMERICAN MASTERS 
 
 woman, was a member of a select and noted coterie of Washington 
 society from 1850-1860. During the war between the States, she 
 was arrested twice on account of her strong southern sympathies. 
 A son, Samuel Yates Levy, was a lawyer in Savannah, Georgia, 
 and the author of several plays, one of which, the “Italian Bride,” 
 was performed. 
 
 Fanny Yates Levy died at the home of her daughter, Mrs. 
 George Repplier, in Philadelphia, when she was ninety-four years 
 old. She was buried in Savannah, Georgia, where her family re- 
 moved in 1848. 
 
 Thomas Sully painted Mrs. Levy’s portrait in 1842, a few years 
 after her arrival in Charleston. Her small and well-shaped head, 
 with its luminous dark brown eyes, is turned slightly to the right, 
 and over her brown hair, parted in the middle, is a gray headdress 
 which softly falls to her shoulders. The portrait is a symphony in 
 brown and gray tones relieved by the rosy hues of her olive com- 
 plexion. 
 
 The portrait of Major Alfred Mordecai also belongs to the long 
 list of American Jews who were patrons of Sully. Alfred Morde- 
 cai, the son of Jacob Mordecai, whose portrait was painted by 
 Jarvis, was born in North Carolina in 1804. When fifteen years of 
 age he was admitted to West Point, from which he was graduated, 
 at the head of his class, in 1823. He then became an instructor and 
 author on military subjects and published ““Experiments on Gun- 
 powder” and other works. As a recognized authority in the mili- 
 tary world, his fame spread throughout the country and abroad. 
 He was sent by our government to the Crimea in 1855-1857 to 
 witness operations there, and his report was published by order of 
 Congress. From 1823-1861 he was an executive officer of the 
 
 Af 59) fae 
 
PORTRAITS OF JEWS 
 
 Staff ‘Corps of the Army, in which he had attained the rank of 
 Major, but at the outbreak of the Civil War he resigned, as he was 
 a southerner by birth and sentiment, and refrained from taking any 
 active part in the war. Major Mordecai married Anne Hays, a 
 devout Jewess, who was the granddaughter of Michael Gratz and 
 the great-granddaughter of Joseph Simon of Lancaster. He died 
 in Philadelphia in 1887. His portrait, expressing in the deep-set 
 eyes and firmly moulded chin a person of strength and determina- 
 tion, is in the possession of his daughter, Miss Mordecai, of Phil- 
 adelphia. 
 
 Another Sully portrait is that of Solomon Jacobs, who was born 
 in 1775. He lived in Richmond, Virginia, a very wealthy, prom- 
 inent, and respected citizen. Besides his own home, which was on 
 the south side of Grace Street between Eighth and Ninth Streets, 
 he owned some of the most desirable property in Richmond. He 
 also represented the French government in the tobacco market and 
 acted as local agent for the banking house of Rothschild. At one 
 time he was Recorder and Acting Mayor, the highest municipal 
 office ever held by a Richmond Jew. On December 11, 1810, he 
 was elected Grand Master of the Masons of Virginia and retired 
 December 14, 1813, after three consecutive years, which has been, 
 as far as known, the longest period ever served by any Grand 
 Master. His lodge was the Richmond Randolph, number nine- 
 teen. Solomon Jacobs’ portrait was recently sold by the Macbeth 
 Gallery to Mrs. William Averell Harriman of New York. 
 
 Sully painted a second portrait of Solomon Jacobs in his Ma- 
 sonic regalia. This has been engraved by I. A. O’Neill. Mr. F. 
 Boykin Jacobs, of Richmond, Virginia, his grandson, wrote me 
 the following about the portrait: “I am not sure whether it was 
 
 ~-a6t 60 Heo 
 
AMERICAN MASTERS 
 
 painted in Philadelphia or Richmond as my grandfather lived in 
 Philadelphia before settling here. The background is dark brown, 
 and the colors are most beautifully brought out. The painting was 
 sent on to New York City some years ago, where it was awarded a 
 prize as one of Sully’s masterpieces. It was sent by the Masons, as 
 he was Grand Master of Masons of the State of Virginia. This is 
 all the information I can give as our family records were destroyed 
 at the evacuation of Richmond in April, 1865.” 
 
 The Levy family, prominent in the social and communal life 
 of Philadelphia, were also patrons of Sully. Samson Levy, Senior, 
 1722-1781, was a merchant and one of the founders of the City 
 Dancing Assembly of Philadelphia, and his eight children by 
 inheritance became members of this exclusive assembly. The 
 eldest, Moses, 1758—1826, was a famous lawyer and judge, whose 
 portrait, painted by Rembrandt Peale, has already been mentioned. 
 
 Moses’ daughters, Henrietta and Martha, painted by Sully in © 
 1810, are still in their original frames. Henrietta’s portrait is in 
 the possession of Mr. J. J. Milligan, and Martha’s is owned by her 
 granddaughter, Mrs. Robert Hale Bancroft, of Boston.’ It is a 
 charming portrait of a young girl of twelve, in a high-waisted 
 dress with a rose girdle, standing by a brown spinet, quaint and 
 demure and with rather uncommon poise, if we may call it such, 
 for a girl of her tender years. 
 
 Portraits by Sully of Samson Levy, Junior, 1761-1831, and of 
 his wife, who was Sarah Coates, are also in the Bancroft home. 
 Samson was an interesting, yet eccentric character. As a lawyer he 
 was conspicuous more for his brilliancy and eloquence than for his 
 knowledge of the law. He was evidently a lover of the arts, as 
 
 1. Conversation with Mrs. Robert Hale Bancroft, Boston. 
 
 ~oa6t 61 Be 
 
PORTRAITS OF JEWS 
 
 his portrait was painted not only by Sully, but also drawn by St. 
 Mémin, and he was one of the incorporators of the Pennsylvania 
 Academy of Fine Arts. It is interesting to note here that Samson 
 and Moses Levy were the grandsons of Moses Levy, of New York, 
 whose daughter Bilhah Abigail married Jacob Franks. Their por- 
 traits in the collection of the Hon. N. Taylor Phillips have already 
 been spoken of. The revelation of these portraits was in the nature 
 of a surprise to Mrs. Bancroft, as she was quite unaware of their — 
 
 existence. 
 
 The fabric of romance is thus woven by these old portraits from 
 ancestor to descendant. The story of that romance, if it could be 
 told in its entirety, would constitute a fascinating chapter in the 
 annals of ourcountry. There must still be countless portraits among 
 the descendants of the early American Jews hanging, unknown, 
 upon the walls of old mansions or galleries, or hidden in garrets 
 and sequestered corners, for nearly every man of means had a por- 
 trait painted of himself or of his relatives in an age when the char- 
 acters and records of families were conveyed as much through the 
 brush as through the pen. It is well that the memoirs of these peo- 
 ple should be preserved, for among them were Jews who made 
 notable contributions to the history of our country, and in the ab- 
 sence of photographs and documentary records, these old portraits 
 have a special significance, not merely from the sentimental point 
 
 of view, but from their artistic and historical aspects. 
 
 ~-a6f 62 Ye 
 
IV 
 ADDENDA 
 
 INCE there is no available record of the portraits of early 
 American Jews, I have thought it advisable to put into form 
 whatever data I have been able to gather asa basis for further 
 
 additions and discoveries which may appear from time to time. 
 Except where otherwise indicated, the following, so far as I know, 
 are portraits in oil. 
 
 Record of Portraits 
 
 BAER 
 
 Israel B. Kursheedt, 1776-1852. Painted about 1846. 
 Owned by the Misses Kursheedt, New York. 
 
 This portrait is reproduced in a Masonic publication, “Robert W. Reid, 
 Washington Lodge No. 21, A. F. and A. M., New York, 1911.” 
 
 WILLIAM HENRY BROWN 
 
 John Moss, 1771-1847. Silhouette. Attributed to Brown. 
 Owned by J. Bunford Samuel, Esq., Philadelphia. 
 
 ROBERT FEKE 
 
 Mrs. Barnard Gratz (Richea Mears or Meyers), 1731-1801. Attributed 
 to Feke by Lawrence Park. 
 
 Owned by Dr. I. Minis Hays, Philadelphia. 
 —-<6f 6 R feo 
 
PORTRAITS OF JEWS 
 
 CHARLES BALTHAZAR JULIEN FEVRET 
 pE ST. MEMIN 
 
 Henry Alexander. Lived in Baltimore. Drawing made in 1803. 
 Abraham Hart. Lived in New York. Drawing made in 1796. 
 
 Samson Levy, Jr., 1761-1831. Son of Samson and Martha (Lampley) 
 
 Levy. Drawing made in 1802. 
 Owned by Mrs. Robert Hale Bancroft, Boston. 
 Mrs. Samson Levy (Sarah Coates). Wife of Samson Levy, Jr. Drawing 
 
 made in 1802. 
 Mrs. Albert Bache, Philadelphia, has in her possession a small engraving of 
 Mrs. Levy reduced from the original portrait. 
 
 Mrs. Samson Levy (Martha Lampley), 1731-1807. Mother of Samson 
 Levy, Jr. Drawing made in 1802. 
 Owned by Mrs. Robert Hale Bancroft, Boston. 
 Hyman Marks. Lived in Richmond, Va. Drawing made in 1805. 
 Collection of the American Jewish Historical Society. 
 Solomon Moses. Lived in New York. Drawing made in 1796. 
 
 CHARLES FRASER 
 Octavius Cohen. Painted 1836. Miniature. 
 
 This miniature is listed in “Early American Portrait Painters in Miniature,” 
 by Theodore Bolton. 
 Mrs. Mordecai (Lucretia Cohen). Painted 1834. Miniature. 
 
 Same as above. 
 
 CHESTER P. HARDING 
 
 Hayman Levy, (?)—1865. Painted 1838. 
 Owned by Bunford Samuel, Esq., Philadelphia. 
 Mrs. Hayman Levy (Almeria De Leon), 1799-1879, and Child. Painted 
 1839. 
 Owned by Bunford Samuel, Esq., Philadelphia. 
 
 GEORGE PETER ALEXANDER HEALY 
 Hyman Gratz, 1776-1857. 
 Owned by Henry Joseph, Esq., Montreal, Canada. 
 Joseph Gratz, 1758-1858. 
 Owned by Henry Joseph, Esq., Montreal, Canada. 
 
 —#6t 6.4. Be 
 
ADDENDA 
 
 JAMES HERRING 
 Naphtali Phillips, 1772-1870. 
 Owned by Hon. N. Taylor Phillips, New York. 
 
 DANIEL HUNTINGTON 
 Seixas Nathan, 1785-1852. 
 Owned by Clarence S. Nathan, Esq., New York. 
 
 EMMA INMAN 
 
 M. B. Seixas. Painted about 1840. 
 Owned by John F. Braun, Esq., Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 HENRY INMAN 
 
 Simon Nathan, 1746-1822. Water Color. Patriot in Revolution. 
 Owned by Mrs. Annie Nathan Meyer, New York. 
 
 Simon Nathan, 1746-1822. 
 Owned by Miss Sarah Lyons, New York. 
 
 Mrs. Simon Nathan (Grace Seixas), 1752-1831. Water Color. 
 Owned by Mrs. Annie Nathan Meyer, New York. 
 
 JOHN WESLEY JARVIS 
 
 Solomon Etting, 1764-1847. 2614 x 33 inches. 
 Collection of Maryland Historical Society. 
 
 Mrs. Solomon Etting (Rachel Gratz), 1764-1831. 2634 x 32 inches. 
 Collection of Maryland Historical Society. 
 
 Jacob Mordecai, 1762-1838. 
 Owned by Professor Samuel Mordecai, Durham, N. C. 
 
 Major Mordecai Myers, 1776-1870. 
 
 The owner of the original portrait is not known to me. The portrait is repro- 
 duced in “Biographical Sketches of the Bailey-Myers-Mason Families, 1776— 
 
 1905.” 
 Mordecai M. Noah, 1785-1851. 30x 48 inches. 
 Owned by Robert L. Noah, Esq., New York. 
 
 ~-a6f 65 eo 
 
PORTRAITS OF JEWS 
 
 R. JEAN 
 
 ? Jacobs. Drawing made in 1813. 
 Owned by Bunford Samuel, Esq., Philadelphia. 
 
 JACOB H. LAZARUS 
 
 Aaron Lopez Gomez, ?—1860. 
 
 Owned by Mrs. Walter A. Dreyfous, New York. 
 Mrs. Aaron Lopez Gomez (Hetty Hendricks), ?-1865. 
 
 Owned by Mrs. Walter A. Dreyfous, New York. 
 Mrs. Mordecai M. Noah, ?-?. 
 
 Owned by Robert L. Noah, Esq., New York. 
 
 EDWARD GREENE MALBONE 
 
 Rachel Gratz, 1783-1823. Miniature. 
 Owned by Mrs. John Hunter, Savannah, Ga. 
 Rebecca Gratz, 1781-1869. Miniature. 
 Owned by Miss Rachel Gratz Nathan, New York. 
 David Moses. Miniature. 
 Owned by Miss Rachel Gratz Nathan, New York. 
 Mrs. Jacob Myers (Miriam Etting), 1787-1808. Miniature. 2 x 4 inches. 
 Collection of the Maryland Historical Society. 
 
 CHARLES WILLSON PEALE 
 
 Colonel David Salisbury Franks, ?—about 1794. Painted 1776. Miniature. 
 Owned by Mrs. Clarence I. De Sola, Montreal, Canada. 
 
 Jonas Phillips, 1736-1803. Attributed to Peale. 
 Collection of the American Jewish Historical Society, New York. 
 
 Mrs. Jonas Phillips (Rebecca Machado), 1746-1831. Attributed to Peale. 
 Owned by Isaac Graff, Esq., New York. | 
 
 There is a copy of this portrait in the collection of the American Jewish His- 
 torical Society. 
 
 JAMES PEALE 
 
 Frances Etting, 1771-?. 
 
 Dinmore of Philadelphia, October, 1858, photographed the original portrait, 
 which I have not been able to trace. } 
 
 Reuben Etting, 1762-1848. 
 
 Same as above. 
 
 ~-a6t 66 Pe 
 
ADDENDA 
 
 REMBRANDT PEALE 
 
 Judge Moses Levy, 1758-1826. 
 
 Owned by J. J. Milligan, Esq., Baltimore, Md. 
 Mrs. Moses Levy (Mary Pearce), 1763-1850. 
 
 Owned by J. J. Milligan, Esq., Baltimore, Md. 
 Mrs. Mordecai Sheftall (Frances Hart). Living in Charleston, S. C., 
 
 1779. Miniature. 
 Owned by Mrs. W. M. Brickner, New York. 
 
 EDWARD F. PETTICOLAS 
 
 Elihu Etting. Painted 1799. Miniature. 
 Owned by the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts. 
 
 CHARLES PEALE POLK 
 
 ‘Barnard Gratz, 1738-1801. 
 Owned by Dr. I. Minis Hays, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 JOHN RAMAGE 
 
 Joseph Simson, 1686-1787. Miniature. 
 Owned by Mrs. Ansel Leo, Yonkers, New York. 
 
 This portrait has been reproduced in ‘Publications of the American Jewish 
 Historical Society,” Vol. 27. 
 
 THOMAS BUCHANAN READ 
 
 Commodore Uriah P. Levy, 1792-1862. Attributed to Read. 
 Collection of Thomas Jefferson Home, at Monticello, Va. 
 
 SIR JOSHUA REYNOLDS’ 
 
 Miss Franks, ?—1802. Portrait of a child fondling a lamb. Daughter of 
 Aaron Franks. Married Moses Franks. 
 
 Moses Franks. Living in London in 1781. He was probably the brother 
 of the well-known Rebecca Franks, as her brother, Moses, was 
 
 living in London at this time. 
 Photographic copies from the portraits of Miss Franks and Moses Franks are in 
 the possession of the American Jewish Historical Society. 
 
 1. Although painted by an English artist, the subjects are listed on account of the particular interest 
 
 attached to this family. 
 —-*8f 67 fe 
 
PORTRAITS OF JEWS 
 
 JAMES SHARPLES 
 
 Samuel Hays, 1764-1839. Pastel. 
 Owned by Dr. I Minis Hays, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 SEIXAS 
 
 Mrs. Michael Marks (Johaveth Isaacs), 1767-18 52. 
 Owned by Amelia J. Allen, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 J. H. SHEGOGUE 
 
 Jacob Hays, 1772-1830. 40 x 5oinches. High Constable of New York. 
 Collection of the New York City Hall, Aldermanic Rooms. 
 
 JOHN SMIBERT 
 Rabbi Raphael Haijm Karigal, 1733-1777. 
 
 A likeness of Karigal on ivory, probably by Smibert, was given to the late Rev. 
 Jacques Judah Lyons. See ‘Publications of the American Jewish Historical 
 Society,” Vol. 27, BII, pages 63-64. 
 
 F. R. SPENCER 
 
 Mrs. Joseph Andrews (Sally Salomon), 1779-1854. Daughter of Haym 
 Salomon. Painted 1846. 
 Owned by Miss Gertrude Dreyfous, New York. 
 
 GILBERT STUART 
 
 Colonel Isaac Franks, 1759-1822. Painted in Germantown, 1802. Canvas, 
 29 x 24 inches. 
 Owned by the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts. 
 Mrs. Michael Gratz (Miriam Simon), 1750-1808. Painted in Phila- 
 delphia, 1802. Canvas, 28 x 24 inches. Half-length, seated. 
 Owned by Henry Joseph, Esq,. Montreal, Canada. 
 Judah Hays, 1772-1832. Painted in Boston about 1810. Panel, 2734 x 23 
 inches, 
 
 Owned by Mrs. William C. Preston, Richmond, Va. 
 
 This portrait was partially destroyed, but has been restored. Mrs. Richard 
 Frothingham O’Neil of Boston owns a copy of the original portrait. 
 
 ~-#f 68 fen 
 
ADDENDA 
 
 Isaac Moses, 1742-1818. Father of Solomon Moses. Canvas, 30 x 25 
 inches. Seated. 
 Owned by Miss Rachel Gratz Nathan, New York. 
 
 This portrait has been reproduced in “Publications of the American Jewish 
 Historical Society,” Vol. 27. 
 
 Solomon Moses, 1774-1857. Painted 1796. Canvas, 28 x 24 inches. 
 
 Seated. 
 Owned by Henry Joseph, Esq., Montreal, Canada. 
 
 Mrs. Solomon Moses (Rachel Gratz), 1783-1823. Painted in 1806. Can- 
 vas, 28 x 24 inches. Seated. 
 Owned by Henry Joseph, Esq., Montreal, Canada. 
 
 Moses Myers. Painted about 1808. Panel, 33 x 26% inches. Half- 
 length, seated. 
 
 Owned by Barton Myers, Esq., Norfolk, Va. 
 This portrait is listed as “Mr. Mieres” in Mason’s book, “Life and Works of 
 Gilbert Stuart,” on page 223. 
 
 Mrs. Moses Myers (Eliza Judd or Judah). Painted about 1808. Panel, 
 33 x 26% inches. Half-length, seated. 
 Owned by Barton Myers, Esq., Norfolk, Va. 
 
 This portrait is also listed in Mason on page 223 as “Mrs. Mieres,” 
 
 Samuel Myers, 1775-1836. Painted about 1810. Panel, 25 x 30 inches. 
 Bust. 
 
 Owned by Mrs. John Hill Morgan, Brooklyn, New York. 
 
 A copy is in the possession of Mrs. Richard Frothingham O’Neil, Boston. The 
 original portrait is now on exhibition at the Brooklyn Art Museum. 
 
 Jacob Rodriguez Rivera, 1717-1789. Painted about 1774. Canvas, 34% 
 x 274 inches. Half-length, seated. 
 Collection of Redwood Library, Newport, R. I. 
 
 Abraham Touro, 1777-1822. Canvas, 27 x 22 inches. Bust. 
 Owned by The Ehrich Galleries, New York. 
 
 There is another Stuart portrait of Touro in the Massachusetts General Hos- 
 pital, Boston, and the replica of this portrait is owned by Samuel W. Weis, Esq., 
 Chicago. 
 
 Isaac Touro. Father of Abraham and Judah Touro. 
 
 There is no trace of this portrait which Stuart painted from memory after 
 
 Touro’s death. 
 —-<ff 69 Yeo 
 
PORTRAITS OF JEWS 
 
 THOMAS SULLY 
 
 Miss Etting. Painted 1808. 
 
 This portrait is listed in “Life and Works of Thomas Sully,” by Biddle and 
 Fielding. 
 
 Miss Sally Etting. Painted 1808. 25 x 30 inches. 
 Owned by Mr. Frank M. Etting, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Mrs. Solomon Etting (Rachel Gratz), 1764-1831. Painted 1835. 
 
 This portrait is listed in “Life and Works of Thomas Sully,” by Biddle and 
 Fielding. 
 
 Benjamin Gratz, 1792-1884. Painted 1831. 17 x 20 inches. 
 Owned by Mrs. Thomas Clay, Lexington, Ky. 
 
 Mrs, Benjamin Gratz (Maria Cecil Gist), ?-1841. 
 Owned by Mrs. Thomas Clay, Lexington, Ky. 
 
 Michael Gratz, 1740-1811. Painted 1808. 
 Owned by Henry Joseph, Esq., Montreal, Canada. 
 
 Rebecca Gratz, 1781-1869. Painted 1831. 25 x 30 inches. 
 Owned by Henry Joseph, Esq., Montreal, Canada. 
 
 Rebecca Gratz, 1781-1869. Painted 1807. 
 
 This portrait was copied from a miniature by Edward Greene Malbone, for 
 Thomas A. Cooper, 1807. See “Life and Works of Thomas Sully,” Biddle 
 and Fielding. 
 
 Rebecca Gratz, 1781-1869. Painting begun 1830. 16x 19 inches. 
 Owned by John Gribbel, Esq., Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 This portrait painted for Hyman Gratz was noted in Sully’s Register as 
 “erased.”” However, it was probably finished. The portrait shows Miss Gratz 
 wearing a turban or head-dress painted in by the artist. There is a tradition in 
 the Gratz family that it was not accepted on that account. 
 
 Rebecca Gratz, 1781-1869. Painted 1831. 17 x 20 inches. 
 Owned by Mrs. Thomas Clay, Lexington, Ky. 
 
 A copy of this portrait by a Kentucky artist hangs in the Jewish Foster Home, 
 Germantown, Pa. 
 
 Mrs. Isaac Hays (Sarah Anna Minis), 1811-1884. Painted 1833. 17 x 20 
 inches. 
 Owned by Mrs. Sarah Minis Goodrich, Princeton, N. J. 
 Solomon Jacobs, 1775-1827. 
 Owned by Mrs. William Averell Harriman, New York. 
 Solomon Jacobs, 1775-1827. Painted 1812, in Masonic regalia. 
 
 Owned by F. Boykin Jacobs, Esq., Richmond, Va. 
 This portrait was engraved by I. A. O’Neill. 
 
 —oafh 70 Yeo 
 
ADDENDA 
 Mrs. S. Jacobs. Painted 1815. 
 
 The owner of this portrait is not known to me. It is listed in Sully’s Register. 
 Miss Henrietta Levy, 1792-1860. Daughter of Judge Moses Levy. 
 Painted 1810. 20 x 24 inches. 
 Owned by J. J. Milligan, Esq., Baltimore, Md. 
 
 Mrs. Jacob Clavius Levy (Fanny Yates). Painted in 1842. 
 Owned by the Corcoran Gallery of Art. 
 
 Miss Martha Levy, 1798-?. Daughter of Judge Moses Levy. Painted 
 1810. 19 x 23 inches. 
 Owned by Mrs. Robert Hale Bancroft, Boston. 
 This portrait was loaned to the Boston Museum of Fine Arts (1920). 
 Samson Levy, Jr., 1761-1831. Brother of Judge Moses Levy. Painted 
 1808. 241% x 29% inches. 
 Owned by Mrs. Robert Hale Bancroft, Boston. 
 This portrait was loaned to the Boston Museum of Fine Arts (1920). 
 Mrs. Samson Levy, Jr. (Sarah Coates). Painted 1808. 2414 x 29% inches. 
 Owned by Mrs. Robert Hale Bancroft, Boston. 
 This portrait was loaned to the Boston Museum of Fine Arts (1920). 
 Mrs. Hyman Marks, ?—?. Miniature. 
 Owned by Grace N. Lederer, Philadelphia. 
 
 Major Alfred Mordecai, 1804-1887. Painted 1836. 17 x 20 inches. 
 Owned by Miss Mordecai, Philadelphia. 
 Mr. Moses “of New York,” 1753-1843. Painted 1808. 
 
 Owned by Miss Rachel Gratz Nathan, New York. 
 
 This portrait of Mr. Moses listed in Sully’s Register is probably that of Moses 
 I. or L. Moses, brother of Isaac Moses. According to Miss Gratz it was painted 
 by Sully, but Lawrence Park has attributed the portrait to Gilbert Stuart. 
 
 Mrs. Solomon Moses (Rachel Gratz), 1783-1823. 
 Owned by Miss Rachel Gratz Nathan, New York. 
 Gustavus A. Myers, 1801-1869. Painted 1865. 21 x 25 inches. 
 Owned by Mrs. John Hill Morgan, Brooklyn, New York. 
 
 This portrait is now on exhibition at the Brooklyn Art Museum. 
 
 Mr. Myers. Lived in Norfolk, Va. Painted 1808. 
 
 This portrait is that of John Myers, owned by Barton Myers, Esq., of 
 Norfolk, Va. 
 
 Miss Nones. Painted 1815. 
 
 The owner of this portrait is not known to me. It is listed in Sully’s Register. 
 
 ~-a6f 71 Bee 
 
PORTRAITS OF JEWS 
 
 JEREMIAH THEUS 
 
 Manuel Josephson, 1729-1796. 
 Owned by Dr. I. Minis Hays, Philadelphia. 
 
 Mrs. Manuel Josephson (Ritzel Judah), ?-?. 
 Owned by Dr. I. Minis Hays, Philadelphia. 
 
 GEORGE THOMPSON 
 
 Israel B. Kursheedt, 1776-1852. Painted 1842. 
 Owned by the Misses Kursheedt, New York. 
 
 ELKANAH TISDALE 
 
 Major Mordecai Myers, 1776-1870. Miniature. 
 
 This miniature is reproduced in “Biographical Sketches of the Bailey-Myers- 
 Mason Families, 1776-1905.” 
 
 BENJAMIN TROTT 
 Benjamin I. Cohen, 1797-1845. Miniature, 4.x 5 inches. Attributed to 
 
 Trott. 
 
 Solomon Etting, 1764-1847. Miniature. 214 x4% inches (profile). 
 Attributed to Trott. 
 
 Solomon Etting, 1764-1847. Miniature, 2% x 4% inches (facing front). 
 Attributed to Trott. 
 
 Joseph Solomon, 1700-1780. Miniature, 114 x 4% inches. Attributed 
 to Trott. 
 
 These miniatures are in the Collection of the Maryland Historical 
 
 Society. 
 
 JOHN WOLLASTON 
 
 Mrs. Isaac Mendes Seixas (Rachel Levy), 1710-1797. Attributed to Wol- 
 laston by Lawrence Park. 
 Owned by Hon. N. Taylor Phillips, New York. 
 
 JOSEPH WOOD 
 
 Samuel Etting, ?—?. Miniature. Attributed to Wood. 
 Owned by the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts. 
 
 ~a6f 72, Be 
 
ADDENDA 
 
 UNKNOWN ARTISTS 
 
 Abrahams, ?-?. 
 Owned by Samuel Ewing, Esq., Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Abraham Alexander, 1771-1844. 
 There is a reproduction of this portrait in The New Age, a Masonic publica- 
 tion. February, 1907. 
 
 Joseph Andrews. Living in Philadelphia, 1804. 
 Owned by Mrs. E. L. Goldbaum, Memphis, Tenn. 
 
 Mrs. Joseph Andrews (Sallie Salomon), 1779-1854. Daughter of Haym 
 Salomon. 
 
 Owned by Mrs. E. L. Goldbaum, Memphis, Tenn. 
 Mrs. Mathias Bush (Becky Meyers or Mears), ?—?. Miniature. 
 
 There is a photograph of this miniature in the possession of Miss Mordecai, 
 Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Mrs. Benjamin I. Cohen (Kitty Etting), 1799-1837. Miniature. 
 Collection of the Maryland Historical Society. 
 
 Jacob Cohen, 1741-1808. 
 
 Owned by J. Quintus Cohen, Esq., New York. 
 
 See reproduction in “Jews of South Carolina,” by Dr. Barnett A. Elzas. 
 Jacob Cohen, 1792-1858. 
 
 Owned by Mrs. Alexander Hart, Norfolk, Va. 
 
 Mordecai Cohen, 1763-1848. 25 x 30 inches. Half-length. 
 Owned by Mrs. Francis D. Pollack, New York. 
 
 Mrs. Mordecai Cohen (Leah Lazarus). 25 x 30 inches. Half-length. 
 Owned by Mrs. Francis D. Pollack, New York. 
 
 Mrs. Pollack writes that the Cohen portraits were painted by Theodore S. 
 Moise and either John or Joshua Cantor, but it is not known who painted 
 which! 
 
 Mrs. Solomon Myers Cohen (Belle Simon). 
 
 Owned by Henry Joseph, Esq., Montreal, Canada. 
 Lorenzo Da Ponte, 1749-1837. 
 
 Owned by Columbia University, New York. 
 
 Jacob De Leon. Living in Kingston, Jamaica, 1790. Miniature. 
 Owned by Bunford Samuel, Esq., Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 ~<<fif 7 3 Hero 
 
PORTRAITS OF JEWS 
 
 Unknown Artists (Continued ) 
 
 Esther Andrews Dreyfous. Painted in 1828, with baby daughter in her 
 arms. Granddaughter of Haym Salomon. 
 Owned by Miss Gertrude Dreyfous, New York. 
 
 Mrs. Solomon Etting (Rachel Gratz), 1764-1831. Miniature. 
 Collection of the Maryland Historical Society. 
 
 David Franks, 1720-1793, and Phila Franks, as children. 
 Owned by Hon. N. Taylor Phillips, New York. 
 
 There are two portraits of David with his sister Phila, as children, in this col- 
 lection. 
 
 Jacob Franks, 1688-1769. 
 Owned by Hon. N. Taylor Phillips, New York. 
 
 Mrs. Jacob Franks (Bilhah Abigail Levy), 1700 (?)-1750 (?). 
 Owned by Hon. N. Taylor Phillips, New York. 
 
 Phila Franks, 1722—?. Asa young lady. 
 Owned by Hon. N. Taylor Phillips, New York. 
 
 Rebecca Franks, 1758-1823. Painted by an English artist. 
 This portrait is reproduced in a pamphlet on “The Jewish Woman in Amer- 
 ica,” by Leon Huhner, A.M., LL.B. 
 
 Rebecca Franks. Painted 1775. 
 Owned by Mrs. Clarence I. De Sola, Montreal. 
 
 Aaron Lopez Gomez, ?—1860. 
 Owned by Edgar J. Nathan, Esq., New York. 
 
 Benjamin Gomez, 1711-1772. Miniature. 
 Owned by Edgar J. Nathan, Esq., New York. 
 
 Isaac Gomez, Jr., 1768-1831 (?). Son of Moses and Esther Gomez. 
 
 There is a photograph of this portrait in the collection of the American Jewish 
 Historical Society, New York. 
 
 Aaron Hart, 1724-1800. One of first Jewish Free Masons in America. 
 Certificate of membership dated New York, June 10, 1760. 
 Settled in Canada. 
 This portrait is reproduced in “The Jew in Canada,” by Arthur Daniel Hart. 
 Alexander Hart, ?-1838. 
 Owned by Mrs. Alexander Hart, Norfolk, Va. 
 
 ~oa6f 74 Heo 
 
ADDENDA 
 
 Bernard Hart, 1764-1855. A founder of New York Stock Exchange and 
 its secretary for many years. 
 
 Owned by estate of the late Theodore Myers, New York. 
 This portrait is reproduced in “The Life of Bret Harte,” by H. C. Merwin, 
 Boston, 1911. For some time the portrait hung in the offices of Messrs. Arthur 
 Lipper & Co., New York, but at the present time it is probably in the posses- 
 sion of Mr. Myers’ widow, Mrs. Benn V. La Rue, New York. 
 
 Daniel Hart, ?—?. Miniature. 
 
 Owned by Miss Isabel Cohen, New York. 
 
 Mrs. Daniel Hart, ?—?. Miniature. 
 Owned by Miss Isabel Cohen, New York. 
 
 Barrah (?) Hays, ?-?. 
 A photograph of this portrait is in the possession of the American Jewish His- 
 torical Society, New York. 
 
 Mrs. Isaac Hays (Rebecca Judah), ?-?. 
 Owned by Miss Mordecai, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Moses Michael Hays, 1738-1805. Father of Judah Hays, whose portrait 
 was painted by Stuart. 
 
 A copy of the original portrait, which has been destroyed, is in the Masonic 
 Temple, Boston. 
 
 Uriah Hendricks, ?—?. Married 1826. 
 Owned by Henry S. Hendricks, New York. 
 
 Mrs. Uriah Hendricks (Fanny Tobias), ?—?. 
 Owned by Henry S. Hendricks, New York. 
 
 Joshua Isaacs, ?—1810. 
 Owned by Mrs. Beatrice Phillips, New York. 
 
 Mrs. Joshua Isaacs (Brandly Lazarus), ?-?. 
 Owned by Mrs. Beatrice Phillips, New York. 
 
 Moses Isaacks, 1727-1798. 
 Owned by Dr. Francis Allen De Ford, Philadelphia. 
 
 Israel Israel, 1743-1821. 
 Owned by Arthur G. Ellet, Esq., Kansas City. 
 
 Mrs. Israel Israel (Hannah Erwin), 1757-1813. 
 Owned by Arthur G. Ellet, Esq., Kansas City. 
 
 ~-<6f 75 bene 
 
PORTRAITS OF JEWS 
 
 Unknown Artists (Continued) 
 Israel Israel, 1743-1821. Pastel. 
 Owned by Mrs. James Alden Valentine, Walpole, Mass. 
 
 Mrs. Israel Israel (Hannah Erwin), ?—?. Pastel. 
 Owned by Mrs. James Alden Valentine, Walpole, Mass. 
 
 Israel Israel, 1743-1821. 
 Grand Master’s Room, Masonic Temple, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Israel Jacobs, 1714-1810. 
 Collection of the American Jewish Historical Society, New York. 
 Myer Jacobs, ?—?. Lived in Charleston, S. C. Painted about 1815. 
 
 There is a photograph of this portrait in the possession of Dr. Barnett A. Elzas, 
 New York. 
 
 Naphtali Judah, 1774-?. 
 This portrait is reproduced in a Masonic publication—“Robert W. Reid, 
 Washington Lodge, No. 21, A. F. and A. M., New York, 1911.” 
 
 Rabbi Raphael Haijm Karigal, 1733-1778. Lived in Newport, 1775. 
 
 Owned by MacGregor Jenkins, Esq., Dover, Mass. 
 
 Aaron Levy, 1742-1815. Miniature. 
 Owned by Dr. A. S. W. Rosenbach, New York. 
 
 Aaron Levy, 1742-1815. 
 Owned by the Clay family, Lexington, Ky. 
 
 Mrs. Aaron Levy (Rachel (?), ?—?. 
 Owned by J. Bunford Samuel, Esq., Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Abraham Levy, ?-?. 
 Owned by Herbert T. Ezekiel, Esq., Richmond, Va. 
 
 Mrs. Abraham Levy (Rachel Barnard). Painted 1835. 
 Owned by Herbert T. Ezekiel, Esq., Richmond, Va. 
 
 Moses Levy, 1665-1728. 
 Owned by Hon. N. Taylor Phillips, New York. 
 
 Samson Levy, Sr., 1723-1781. Miniature. 
 This miniature was formerly owned by Mr. Frank Adams, of Philadelphia. It 
 is now possibly in the possession of his descendant, Robert Adams, Philadelphia. 
 Zipporah Levy, 1760-1832. 
 Owned by Hon. N. Taylor Phillips, New York. 
 Aaron Lopez, 1731-1782. 
 This portrait has been reproduced in “Publications of the American Jewish 
 Historical Society,” Vol. 27. 
 — oat 76 eo 
 
 —— 
 
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ADDENDA 
 
 David Lopez. Lived in Charleston, S.C. Painted about 1800. 
 A photograph is in the possession of Dr. Barnett A. Elzas, New York. 
 
 Sarah Lopez (Mrs. Aaron Lopez) and son Joshua, ?—?. 
 A photographic copy is in the possession of the American Jewish Historical 
 Society, New York. 
 
 Jacob Lyon, 1777-1851. 
 A photograph of the original portrait is in the possession of Mrs. Louisa B. 
 Lapin, Harrisonburg, Va. 
 
 Solomon Marache. Living in Philadelphia 1760. Miniature. 
 Owned by Rev. Bent, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Solomon Marache. Living in Philadelphia 1760. 
 Owned by Mrs. George Knox M. MclIlwain, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Mrs. Solomon Marache, ?-?. 
 Owned by Mrs. George Knox M. MclIlwain, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Isaac C. Moses, ?—1834. Miniature. 
 
 Miss Eleanor S. Cohen, of Baltimore, possesses a photographic copy of this 
 miniature. 
 
 I. S. Moss, ?—?. 
 Owned by the Jewish Maternity Hospital, Philadelphia. 
 
 John Moss, 1771-1847. 
 
 Owned by Frank Samuel, Esq., Philadelphia. 
 Samuel Myers, 1775-1836. Miniature. 
 
 Owned by Mrs. Edward Cohen, Washington, D. C. 
 
 Major Benjamin Nones, 1757-1826. 
 Owned by Walter M. Nones, Esq., Long Island City, New York. 
 
 Mrs. Benjamin Nones (Miriam Marks), 1764-1822. 
 Owned by Walter M. Nones, Esq., Long Island City, New York. 
 Jacob Philadelphia, ?-1735. 
 
 A photographic copy from his portrait is in the possession of the American 
 Jewish Historical Society. 
 
 Aaron Phillips, ?-1826. 
 Owned by Hon. N. Taylor Phillips, New York. 
 
 Deborah Salomon, ?—1808. Pastel. Daughter of Haym Salomon. 
 Owned by Mrs. Maria Moss, Brookline, Mass. 
 
 —-<f Ly eo 
 
PORTRAITS OF JEWS 
 
 Unknown Artists (Continued) 
 
 Mrs. Philip Schuyler (Shinah Simon), ?—?. Wax portrait. 
 Owned by Henry Joseph, Esq., Montreal, Canada. 
 
 Capt. Abraham Seixas, 1759-1799. 
 Owned by the Congregation Shearith Israel, New York. 
 
 This portrait is reproduced in the “Jews of South Carolina,” by Dr. Barnett A. 
 Elzas. 
 
 Rev. Gershom Mendes Seixas, 1745-1816. Miniature. 
 Owned by Mrs. Annie Nathan Meyer, New York. 
 
 Rev. Gershom Mendes Seixas, 1745-1816. 
 
 A reproduction of a bas-relief of Mr. Seixas appears in the “Historical Sketch 
 of the Congregation Mikve Israel,” by Dr. A. S. W. Rosenbach. 
 
 Rachel Hannah Seixas, 1773-?. Miniature. 
 Owned by Hon. N. Taylor Phillips, New York. 
 
 Mordecai Sheftall, 1735-1797. Miniature. 
 Owned by Edmund H. Abrahams, Esq., Savannah, Ga. 
 
 Mrs. Mordecai Sheftall (Frances Hart). Living in Charleston, S. C., 
 1779. Miniature. 
 Owned by Edmund H. Abrahams, Esq., Savannah, Ga. 
 
 Sheftall Sheftall, ?-1848. Son of Mordecai Sheftall. Woodcarving. 
 A reproduction may be found in White’s “Historical Collections of Georgia.” 
 Joseph Simon, 1712-1804. Silhouette. 
 Owned by Henry Joseph, Esq., Montreal, Canada. 
 
 Levy Solomons. Maintained a home in Albany, New York, but lived for 
 the most part in Canada. 
 This portrait is reproduced in “The Jew in Canada,” by Arthur Daniel Hart. 
 
 Judah Touro, 1775-1854. 
 Owned by the Redwood Library, Newport, R. I. 
 
 Judah Touro, 1775-1854. 
 Touro Infirmary, New Orleans, La. 
 
 Judah Touro, 1775-1854. Water Color. 
 Owned by Amelia Kursheedt, New Orleans, La. 
 
 —<6f 78 Peo 
 
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 CL ae 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY 
 
 Bipp.e, Epwarp, and MantTte Fiexpine. Life and Works of Thomas Sully. 
 Philadelphia, 1922. 
 
 Botton, CHARLEs KNow tes. The Founders. Boston, 1919. 
 Bo.ton, ETHEL STaNwoop. Wax Portraits and Silhouettes. Boston, 1915. 
 
 Botton, THEoporE. Early American Portrait Painters in Miniature. New York, 
 1921. 
 
 Dun wap, WiiiaM. History of the Arts of Design in the United States. Edited 
 by Bayley and Goodspeed. Boston, 1918. 
 
 E.vueT, E. F. Women of the American Revolution. Vol. I. New York, 1848. 
 Exzas, Dr. Barnett A. The Jews of South Carolina, Philadelphia, 1905. 
 
 EZEKIEL, HERBERT T., and LicHTENsTEIN, Gaston. The History of the Jews 
 of Richmond. Richmond, 1917. 
 
 FEVRET DE SAINT-MEmIn, CHar-Es B. J. The St.-Mémin Collection of Portraits. 
 New York, 1862. 
 
 Hart, ArtHur Danieé-. The Jew in Canada. Toronto, 1926. 
 Homes, ABIEL. Life of Ezra Stiles. Boston, 1798. 
 
 IsHAM, SAMUEL. History of American Painting. New York, 1905. 
 JEwisH ENCYCLOPEDIA. 
 
 Lrrerary Diary oF Ezra STILEs, PRESIDENT OF YALE COLLEGE. Yale Corpora- 
 tion. New York, 1901. 
 
 MarkeEns, Isaac. The Hebrews in America. New York, 1888. 
 
 Mason, GeorcE C. Life and Works of Gilbert Stuart. New York, 1879. 
 Morais, Henry S. The Jews of Philadelphia. Philadelphia, 1892. 
 
 Park, Lawrence. Gilbert Stuart. William Edwin Rudge, New York, 1926. 
 PUBLICATIONS OF THE AMERICAN JEWISH Historica Society, Vols. 1-27. 
 
 SuLty, THomas. Register of Portraits painted by Thomas Sully, 1801-1871. 
 Edited by Charles Henry Hart, Philadelphia, 1909. 
 TuckERMAN, Henry T. Book of the Artists. New York, 1867. 
 
 Wuarton, AnnE H. Heirlooms in Miniature. Philadelphia, 1898. 
 Wuarton, Anne H. Salons Colonial and Republican. Philadelphia, 1900. 
 
 —oaff 79 eon 
 
PLATES 
 
JACOB FRANKS 
 Owned by Hon. N. Taylor Phillips, New York 
 
 ~<a 83 } aes 
 
MRS. JACOB FRANKS 
 
 illips, New York 
 
 Taylor Ph 
 
 Owned by Hon. N. 
 
DAVID AND PHILA FRANKS 
 Owned by Hon. N. Taylor Phillips, New York 
 
 ~-86f 87 fe 
 
PHILA FRANKS 
 Owned by Hon. N. Taylor Phillips, New York 
 
 —oafit 89 feo 
 
MOSES LEVY 
 Owned by Hon. N. Taylor Phillips, New York 
 
 - if gI Heo 
 
a4) 
 
MRS. ISAAC MENDES SEIXAS 
 
 Attributed to JouHN WoLLASTON 
 
 Owned by Hon. N. Taylor Phillips, New York 
 
2 
 
RABBI RAPHAEL HAIJM KARIGAL 
 Owned by MacGregor Fenkins, Esq., Dover, Mass. 
 
 —-<it 95 bee 
 
Ne 
 
 ~~ 
 
TD AIRGAS S) DRAG Ib Sys) 
 (Friend of the Fews) 
 
 SAMUEL KING 
 
 -- <i 97 diesen 
 
MOSES MICHAEL HAYS 
 
 Masonic Temple, Boston 
 
 2) 
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 —-o-3! 
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 los 
 
 Ore 
 
 6) 
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 y 
 
 —s— 
 
 eh) 
 
ISRAEL JACOBS 
 
 Owned by the American Fewish Historical Society 
 
 —o<fif TO Heo 
 
e 
 
POUNAS PHILLIPS 
 
 Attributed to CHARLES WILLSON PEALE 
 
 Owned by the American Fewish Historical Society 
 
=) 
 a 
 
MRS. JONAS PHILLIPS 
 
 Attributed to CHARLES WILLSON PEALE 
 Owned by Isaac Graff, Esq., New York 
 
 --<it 105 Heron 
 
nt me 
 
COMMODORE URIAH P. LEVY 
 
 Attributed to THoMAS BucHANAN READ 
 
 Thomas Fefferson Home, Monticello, Va. 
 
 — aft 107 feo 
 
JUDGE MOSES LEVY 
 
 REMBRANDT PEALE 
 
 Owned by F. f. Milligan, Esq., Baltimore 
 
 —-<if 109 Hee 
 
ISRAEL ISRAEL 
 Owned by Arthur G. Ellet, Esq., Kansas City 
 
 © 
 
 ~ os Hiatal ioe ees 
 
 — 
 
 % 
 iy 
 
MRS. LS RAE LS RAE L 
 Owned by Arthur G. Ellet, Esq., Kansas City 
 
 —-<fif T 13 He 
 
A 
 
MRS. AARON LEVY 
 Owned by }. Bunford Samuel, Esq., Philadelphia 
 
 JOHN MOSS 
 
 Attributed to W1tt1AM Henry Brown 
 Owned by }. Bunford Samuel, Esq., Philadelphia 
 
 ~-it ie 5 feo 
 
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MANUEL JOSEPHSON 
 
 JereMIAH THEUS 
 
 Owned by Dr. I. Minis Hays, Philadelphia 
 
 —if II 7 Veo 
 
MRS. MANUEL JOSEPHSON 
 
 JeReMIAH THEUS 
 
 Owned by Dr. I. Minis Hays, Philadelphia 
 
 —<fif II 9 Hee 
 
BARNARD GRATZ 
 
 Cuares PEALE PoLk 
 Owned by Dr. I. Minis Hays, Philadelphia 
 
 ~<a I21 fe 
 
MRS. BARNARD GRATZ 
 
 Attributed to ROBERT FEKE 
 Owned by Dr. I. Minis Hays, Philadelphia 
 
 -<fif i 28 his oe 
 
%, 
 
JOSEPH ANDREWS 
 Owned by Mrs. E. L. Goldbaum, Memphis 
 
 —-<if T 25 feo 
 
MRS. JOSEPH ANDREWS 
 Owned by Mrs. E. L. Goldbaum, Memphis 
 
 —<fif I a7 been 
 
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 <4 
 
MORDECAI MANUEL NOAH 
 
 Joun WeEsLeEy Jarvis 
 
 Owned by Robert L. Noah, Esq., New York 
 
 -<fif 129 Peon 
 
5 oh 
 
MAJOR MORDECAI MYERS 
 
 Joun WEsLEy Jarvis 
 
MRS. SOLOMON ETTING 
 
 Joun WeEs-eEy Jarvis 
 
 Owned by the Maryland Historical Society 
 
 —~ <i T 33 eon 
 
SOLOMON ETTING 
 
 Joun Wes-ey JARVIS 
 
 Owned by the Maryland Historical Society 
 
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MRS. SAMSON LEVY, SR. 
 
 Fevrer DE Sr. Mémin 
 Owned by Mrs. Robert Hale Bancroft, Boston 
 
 —-<if Lene been 
 
SAMSON LEVY, JR. 
 
 Fevret DE St. MémIn 
 
 Owned by Mrs. Robert Hale Bancroft, Boston 
 
 —oit 139 ie 
 
COLONEL DAVID SALISBURY FRANKS 
 
 Cuaries WILLSON PEALE 
 Owned by Mrs. Clarence I. De Sola, Montreal 
 
 JACOB DE LEON 
 Owned by Bunford Samuel, Esq., Philadelphia 
 
 ~<a TAT }3 ae 
 
MOSES 
 
 ISAAC C 
 
RACHEL (GRATZ) ETTING 
 Owned by the Maryland Historical Society 
 
SOLOMON ETTING 
 
 Attributed to BENJAMIN TROTT 
 Owned by the Maryland Historical Society 
 
 ehh lo 
 ~-ait 147 fe 
 
BENJAMIN I. COHEN 
 
 Attributed to BENJAMIN TROTT 
 Owned by the Maryland Historical Soctety 
 
wh | rows, © bo bd 
 
JOSEPH SOLOMON 
 
 Attributed to BENJAMIN TROTT 
 Owned by the Maryland Historical Society 
 
 -» <i I51 fee 
 
MIRIAM (ETTING) MYERS 
 
 EpwarpbD GREENE MALBONE 
 
 Owned by the Maryland Historical Society 
 
RACHEL GRATZ 
 
 Epwarpb Greene MALBone 
 
 Owned by Mrs. fohn Hunter, Savannah, Ga. 
 
 REBECCA GRATZ 
 
 EpwarbD GREENE MALBONE 
 Owned by Miss Rachel Gratz Nathan, New York 
 
 --<fif Ss Jeo 
 
JACOB RODRIGUEZ RIVERA 
 
 GILBERT STUART 
 
 Owned by the Redwood Library, Newport 
 
 —o<fit T oo feo 
 
SAMUEL MYERS 
 
 GILBERT STUART 
 
 Owned by Mrs. Fohn Hill Morgan, Brooklyn 
 
 acetal lone 
 at 159 ys 
 
JUDAH HAYS 
 
 GILBERT STUART 
 
 Owned by Mrs. William C. Preston, Richmond, Va. 
 
 —-fif T 61 Heo 
 
MOSES MYERS 
 
 GILBERT STUART 
 Owned by Barton Myers, Esq., Norfolk, Va. 
 
 =o. 
 
 ns 
 
 a 
 a, 
 
 — 
 
 I 63 Heo 
 
 ° 
 
el at 
 
MRS. MOSES MYERS 
 
 GILBERT STUART 
 Owned by Barton Myers, Esq., Norfolk, Va. 
 
COLONEL ISAAC FRANKS 
 
 GILBERT STUART 
 
 Owned by the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts 
 
MRS. SOLOMON MOSES 
 
 GILBERT STUART 
 
 Owned by Henry Joseph, Esq., Montreal 
 
 ~<<if I 69 eon 
 
SOLOMON MOSES 
 
 GILBERT STUART 
 
 Owned by Henry Foseph, Esq., Montreal 
 
 ~~ I 7 I Heo 
 
MRS. MICHAEL GRATZ 
 
 GILBERT STUART 
 
 Owned by Henry Foseph, Esq., Montreal 
 
 sof ee 
 Boul ig 
 
LOSE PH AG RAT? 
 
 Georce P. A. Heaty 
 Owned by Henry foseph, Esq., Montreal 
 
REBECCA GRATZ 
 
 Tuomas SULLY 
 
 Owned by Henry Foseph, Esq., Montreal 
 
MICHAEL GRATZ 
 
 Tuomas SULLY 
 
 Owned by Henry Foseph, Esq., Montreal 
 
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MYERS 
 
 As SULLY 
 Owned by Mrs. Fohn Hill Morgan, Brooklyn 
 
 GUSTAVUS A 
 
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) LEVY 
 
 Tuomas SULLY 
 
 FANNY (YATES 
 
 ) of Art 
 
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 Owned by the Corcoran Galler 
 
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MAJOR ALFRED MORDECAI 
 
 From pencil sketch by Kares of portrait by THomas SuLiy 
 Owned by Miss Mordecai, Philadelphia 
 
 —-<it I 85 Heo 
 
SOLOMON JACOBS 
 
 Tuomas SULLY 
 
 Owned by Mrs. William A. Harriman, New York 
 
 ~<i I 87 bie 
 
— as 
 
SAMSON LEVY, JR. 
 
 Tuomas SULLY 
 Owned by Mrs. Robert Hale Bancroft, Boston 
 
 —-<fif I 89 feo 
 
INDEX 
 
 Abrahams, !, 73 
 
 Abrahams, Edmund H., 78 
 
 Adams, Frank, 76 
 
 Adams, Robert, 76 
 
 Alexander, Abraham, 73 
 
 Alexander, Henry, 39, 64 
 
 Allen, Amelia J., 68 
 
 Allston, Washington, 45 
 
 American Jewish Historical Society, 23, 39, 
 a0 U nO 7,.08, 00, 74, 75, 76, 77, 101, 
 103 
 
 Andrews,. Joseph, 35, 36, 73, Port. 125 
 
 Andrews, Mrs. Joseph (Sallie Salomon), 
 Bopes0w. 08,73, Port. 127 
 
 Andrews, Joseph Franklin, 35 
 
 Andrews, Joseph I., 35 
 
 Ascher, Rycha, 16 
 
 Bache, Mrs. Albert, 39, 64 
 
 Baer, !, 63 
 
 Bancroft, Mrs. Robert Hale, 16, 39, 61, 
 Go 704, 71,137, 139, 189 
 
 Bayley, Frank W., 22, 24, footnote 49, 50 
 
 Becketts, 14 
 
 Bent, Rev., 77 
 
 Bolton, Ethel Stanwood, 32 
 
 Bolton, Theodore, 64 
 
 Boston Masonic Temple, 21 
 
 Boston Museum of Fine Arts, 71 
 
 Braun, John F., 65 
 
 Brickner, Mrs. W. M., 67 
 
 Brooklyn Art Museum, 58, 69, 71 
 
 Brown, William Henry, 32, 63, 115 
 
 Bruces, 14 
 
 Bush, Mrs. Mathias (Becky Meyers or 
 Mears), 73 
 
 Cantor; John, 73 
 
 Cantor, Joshua, 73 
 
 Clay Family, 31, 76 
 
 Clay, Henry, 57 
 
 Clay, Mrs. Thomas, 57, 70 
 
 Cline, Dr. I. M., 48, 49, 69 
 
 Cohen, Benjamin I., 42, 43, 72, Port. 149 
 Cohen, Mrs. Benjamin I. (Kitty Etting), 
 
 42, 73 
 Cohen, Mrs. Edward, 77 
 
 Cohen, Miss Eleanor S., 42, 77 
 
 Cohen, Elkaly, 18 
 
 Cohen, Miss Isabel, 75 
 
 Cohen, Israel I., 43 
 
 Cohen, J. Quintus, 73 
 
 Cohen, Jacob’, 73 
 
 Cohen, Jacob’, 73 
 
 Cohen, Mordecai, 73 
 
 Cohen, Mrs. Mordecai (Leah Lazarus), 73 
 
 Cohen, Octavius, 64 
 
 Cohen Room, in the Maryland Historical 
 bociety,42)°43° . 
 
 Cohen, Mrs. Solomon Myers (Belle Simon), 
 73 
 
 Columbia University, 73 
 
 Copley, John Singleton, 8, 19 
 
 Corcoran Gallery of Art, 40; 58, 71, 183 
 
 Cruger, Col. John Harris, 13 
 
 Dacosta, Isaac, footnote 39 
 
 Da Ponte, Lorenzo, 73 
 
 De Falk, Dr. Samuel, Rabbi, 8 
 
 De Ford, Dr. Franeis Allen, 75 
 
 De La Motta, Captain, 42 
 
 De Lancey, Charlotte, 12; General Oliver, 
 Cave sy Olivers s|t. La morephen,, 135 
 Susan, 12; Sir William Howe, 13 
 
 De Leon, Jacob, 42, 73, Port. 141 
 
 De-Sola,, Mrs. Clarence: 1., 42, 66, 74, 141 
 
 Draper, Lieut. General Sir William, 12 
 
 Dreyfous, Esther Andrews, 74 
 
 Dreyfous, Gertrude, 68, 74 
 
 Dreyfous, Mrs. Walter A., 66 
 
 Ehrich Galleries, The, frontispiece, foot- 
 note 48, 69 
 
 Ellet, Arthur G., 26, 75, 111, 113 
 
 Ellet, Charles, 28 
 
 Ele, Charles, Jr:, 23 
 
 Ellet, Mrs. Elizabeth F., 14, 27 
 
 Ellet, Mary, 28, 29 
 
 Ellet, Mary Virginia (Mrs. Cabell), 28 
 
 Elzas)) Dr. Barnett At, 42; 73,76, 775 73 
 
 Etting, Miss, 70 
 
 Etting, Elihu, 67 
 
 Etting, Elijah, 43, 44 
 
 Etting, Frances, 66 
 
 -><fif iT 93 ben 
 
INDEX 
 
 Etting, Frank M., 70 
 
 Etting, Reuben, 66 
 
 Etting, Sally, 70 
 
 Etting, Samuel, 72 
 
 Etting, Solomon, 38, 43, 44, 65, 72, Ports. 
 135,147 
 
 Etting, Mrs. Solomon (Rachel Gratz), 38, 
 43, 44, 65, 70, 74, Ports. 133, 145 
 
 Evans, 14 
 
 Evans, Margaret, 13 
 
 Ewing, Samuel, 73 
 
 Ezekiel, Herbert T., 76 
 
 Feke, Robert, 34, 63, 123 
 
 Fevret de St. Mémin, 39, 40, 62, 64, 137, 
 139 
 
 Florance, Mrs. Benjamin, 49 
 
 Florance, Ernest ‘Touro, 49 
 
 Franks, Aaron, 67 
 
 Franks, Abigail, 14 
 
 Franks, David,10, 11,12, 13,14, 74, Port.87 
 
 Franks, Col. David Salisbury, 41, 66, Port. 
 I41 
 
 Franks, Col. Isaac, 53, 68, Port. 167 
 
 Franks, Jacob, 8, 9, 16, 62, 74, Port. 83 
 
 Franks, Mrs. Jacob (Bilhah Abigail Levy), 
 8, 10, 62; 74, Port ss 
 
 Franks, Jacob, son of David, 15 
 
 Franks, Miss, 67 
 
 Franks, Mary (“Polly”), 14 
 
 Franks, Moses, 15, 67 
 
 Franks, Phila; 10; 11,12, 13, 14, 74, Ports, 
 87, 89 
 
 Franks, Rebecca, 14, 15, 74 
 
 Franks, Rebecca, 74 
 
 Franks, Samuel, 53 
 
 Franks, Sara, 53 
 
 Fraser, Charles, 64 
 
 Gibson, Henry C., 53 
 
 Goldbaum, Mrs. E. L., 35, 73, 125, 127 
 
 Gomez, Aaron Lopez, 66, 74 
 
 Gomez, Mrs. Aaron Lopez (Hetty Hen- 
 dricks), 66 
 
 Gomez, Benjamin, 74 
 
 Gomez, Isaac, Jr., 74 
 
 Goodrich, Mrs. Sarah Minis, 70 
 
 Graff, Isaac, 23, 66, 105 
 
 Gratz, Barnard, 34, 67, Port. 121 
 
 Gratz, Mrs. Barnard (Richea Meyers or 
 Mears)3*3.4; 63, 20rt. $23 
 
 Gratz, Benjamin, 57, 70 
 
 Gratz, Mrs. Benjamin (Maria Cecil Gist), 
 57379 
 
 Gratz, Hyman, 55, 64, 70 
 
 Gratz, Joseph, 54, 55, 64, Port. 175 
 
 Gratz, Michael, 34, 355 53 54) 55, 50 575 
 70, Port. 179 
 
 Gratz, Mrs. Michael (Miriam Simon), 35, 
 54, 68, Port. 173 
 
 Gratz, Rachel (Mrs. Solomon Moses), 45, 
 53> 54, 66, 69, 71, Ports. 155, 169 
 
 Gratz, Rebecca, 44, 455 54) 55> 56, 66, 70, 
 Portse1 $5500 7g 
 
 Gratz, Simon, 55 
 
 Gribbel, John, 70 
 
 Hamilton, Andrew, 14 
 
 Harding, Chester P., 64 
 
 Harriman, Mrs. William Averell, 60, 70, 
 137 
 
 Hart, Aaron, 74 
 
 Hart, Abraham, 39, 64 
 
 Hart, Alexander, 74 
 
 Hart, Mrs. Alexander, 73, 74 
 
 Hart, Arthur Daniel, 74, 78 
 
 Hart, Bernard, 75 
 
 Hart, Charles Henry, footnote 49 
 
 Hart, Danielpgs 
 
 Hart, Mrs. Daniel, 75 
 
 Hays, Anne, 60 
 
 Hays, Batra — 5 
 
 Hays, Dr. I. Minis, 32, 33, 34, 63, 67, 68, 
 72, 1175 119) 12 1ahes 
 
 Hays, Mrs. Isaac (Rebecca Judah), 75 
 
 Hays, Mrs. Isaac (Sarah Anna Minis), 70 
 
 Hays, Jacob, 68 
 
 Hays, Judah, 21, 51, 52, 57, 68, Port. 161 
 
 Hays, Judith, 50 
 
 Hays, Moses Michael, 21, 22, 51, 75, Port. 
 2) 
 
 Hays, Rena, 48 
 
 Hays, Samuel, 34, 68 
 
 Hays, Mrs. Samuel (Richea Gratz), 34, 68 
 
 Healy, G. Ps Ac, 545 55; 045-895 
 
 Hendricks, Henry S., 75 
 
 Hendricks, Uriah, 75 
 
 Hendricks, Mrs. Uriah (Fanny Tobias), 75 
 
 Herring, James, 18, 65 
 
 Hoes, Peter S., 37 
 
 Hoffman, Matilda, 44 
 
 Holmes, Abiel, 19 
 
 ~<a T 9 4 eon 
 
INDEX 
 
 Huffnagel, G. W., 53 
 
 Huhner, Leon, 15, 74 
 
 Hunter, Mrs. John, 45, 66, 155 
 Huntington, Daniel, 65 
 
 Inman, Emma, 65 
 
 Inman, Henry, 36, 65 
 
 Irving, Washington, 44 
 
 Isaacs, Joshua, 75 
 
 Isaacs, Mrs. Joshua (Brandly Lazarus), 75 
 
 Isaacks, Moses, 75 
 
 istaclpieriel, 20, 27, 28, 29, 30, 75, 76, 
 Port. 111 
 
 Israel, Mrs. Israel (Hannah Erwin), 26, 
 27728; 75, 70; Port. 113 
 
 Israel, Mary, 28, 29 
 
 Israel, Michael, 27-30 
 
 Israel, Mrs. Michael (Mary J. Paxton), 
 27, 29, 30 
 
 Jacobs, ?, 66 
 
 Jacobs, F. Boykin, 60, 70 
 
 Jacobs, Israel, 22,76, Port. 101 
 
 Jacobs, Myer, 76 
 
 Jacobs, Solomon, 60, 61, 70, Port. 187 
 
 Jacobs, Mrs. Solomon, 71 
 
 james-G. PR; 57 
 
 Jarvis, John Wesley, 36, 38, 43, 59, 65, 
 129, 131, 133, 135 
 
 Jean, R., 66 
 
 Jefferson, Thomas, Memorial Foundation, 
 
 24 
 Jefferson, Thomas, Home of, 24, 67, 107 
 Jenkins, MacGregor, 20, 21, 76, 95 
 Jewish Foster Home, Germantown, Pa., 70 
 Jewish Maternity Hospital, Philadelphia, 
 
 ef 
 
 Johnson, Lieut. Col. Henry, 15 
 
 Joseph, Henry, 53-56, 64, 68, 69, 70, 73; 
 78, 169, 171, 173, 175, 177, 179 
 
 Josephson, Manuel, 33, 72, Port. 117 
 
 Josephson, Mrs. Manuel (Ritzel Judah), 
 Aaa 72. Port.119 
 
 Judah, Naphtali, 76 
 
 Judah, Samuel, 52 
 
 Karigal, Rabbi Raphael Haijm, 19, 20, 21, 
 48, 68, 76, Port. 95 
 
 Kendall, Mrs. Elvira Augusta E]let, 27 
 
 King, Samuel, 21, 97 
 
 Kuhn, 14 
 
 Kuper, Theodore F., 24 
 Kursheedt, The Misses, 63, 72 
 Kursheedt, Amelia, 78 
 Kursheedt, Gershom, 49 
 Kursheedt, Israel B., 63, 72 
 
 Lapin, Mrs. Louisa B., 77 
 
 La Rue, Mrs. Benn V., 75 
 
 Lazarus, Jacob H., 66 
 
 Lederer, Grace: N/, 71 
 
 Leo, Mrs. Ansel, 67 
 
 Levy, Aaron, 30, 31, 76 
 
 Levy, Mrs. Aaron (Rachel ?), 30, 31, 76, 
 Port. 115 
 
 Levy, Abraham, 76 
 
 Levy, Mrs. Abraham (Rachel Barnard), 76 
 
 Levy, Benjamin, 17 
 
 Levy, Eugenia (Mrs. Philip Phillips), 58. 
 
 59 
 
 Levy, Fanny Yates (Mrs. Jacob Clavins 
 Levy )o25 3215 07 150F Ort 183 
 
 Levy, Hayman, 64 
 
 Levy, Mrs. Hayman (Almeria De Leon), 64 
 
 Levy, Henrietta, 61, 71 
 
 Levy, Isaac, 16 
 
 Levy, Jacob Clavius, 58, 71 
 
 Levy, Jefferson M., 24 
 
 Levy, Judith, 17 
 
 Levy, Jochabed, 17 
 
 Levy, Martha, 61, 71 
 
 Levy, Moses, 8, 15, 16, 62, 76, Port. 91 
 
 Levy, Judge Moses, 25, 61, 62, 67, Port. 
 109 
 
 Levy, Mrs. Moses (Mary Pearce), 25, 67 
 
 Levy, Samson, Sr., 25, 61, 76 
 
 Levy, Mrs. Samson, Sr. (Martha Lampley), 
 39, 64, Port. 137 
 
 Levy, Samson, Jr., 39, 61, 62, 64, 71, Ports. 
 139, 189 
 
 Levy, Mrs. Samson, Jr. (Sarah Coates), 39, 
 61,64; 71 
 
 Levy, Samuel Yates, 59 
 
 Levy, Commodore Uriah P., 23, 24, 67, 
 Port. 107 
 
 Levy, Zipporah, 18, 76 
 
 Lopez, Aaron, 76 
 
 Lopez, David, 77 
 
 Lopez Family, 47 
 
 Lopez, Sarah, 77 
 
 Lyle, Mrs. James, 14 
 
 Lyon, Jacob, 77 
 
 —-<it T 95 Heo 
 
INDEX 
 
 Lyons, Rev. Jacques Judah, 68 
 Lyons, Sarah, 65 
 
 Macbeth Gallery, 60 
 
 Machado, Rev. David Mendes, 22 
 
 Machado, Rebecca, 22 
 
 Machado, Zipporah Nunez, 22 
 
 Mahan, 14 
 
 Malbone, Edward Greene, 36, 43, 44, 45, 
 47, 56, 66, 153, 155 
 
 Marache, Solomon, 77 
 
 Marache, Mrs. Solomon, 77 
 
 Marks, Hyman, 39, 64 
 
 Marks, Mrs. Hyman, 71 
 
 Marks, Mrs. Michael (Johaveth Isaacs) 68 
 
 Maryland Historical Society, 38, 42-44, 65, 
 66, 72-74, 133, 135, 145, 147, 149, 
 151,153 
 
 Mason, George C., 48, 69 
 
 Masonic Temple, Boston, 75, 76, 99 
 
 Masonic Temple, Philadelphia, 76 
 
 Mass. General Hospital, 69 
 
 Mears, Grace, 16 
 
 Mendes, Field Marshal Sir David, 12 
 
 Merwin, H. C., 75 
 
 Meyer, Mrs. Annie Nathan, 65, 78 
 
 Meyers (or Mears), Sampson, 34 
 
 Mikve Israel Congregation, 18, 23, 33, 34, 
 55 
 
 Milligan, [c; 25; Of G7. 71, a Oo 
 
 Minis, Mrs. Eugenia Phillips Myers, foot- 
 note 58 
 
 Moise, Theodore C., 73 
 
 Mordecai, Miss, 60, 71, 73, 75, 185 
 
 Mordecai, Mrs. (Lucretia Cohen), 64 
 
 Mordecai, Major Alfred, 59, 60, 71, Port. 
 185 
 
 Mordecai, Mrs. Alfred (Anne Hays), 60 
 
 Mordecai, Jacob, 36, 59, 65 
 
 Mordecai, Mrs. Jacob (Judith Myers), 36 
 
 Mordecai, Mrs. Jacob (Rebecca Myers), 36 
 
 Mordecai, Professor Samuel, 36, 65 
 
 Morgan, John Hill, 51, footnote 58 
 
 Morgan, Mrs. John Hill, 50, 58, 69, 71, 
 159; 181 
 
 Morris, 14 
 
 Moses, Mr., 71 
 
 Moses, David, 66 
 
 Moses, Isaac, 69, 71 
 
 Moses, IsaaciCi425,00,07 Wore td 4 
 
 Moses, Sarah Gratz, 54 
 
 Moses, Solomon, 39, 54, 64, 69, Port. 171 
 
 Moses, Mrs. Solomon, see Gratz, Rachel 
 
 Moss, I. S., 77 
 
 Moss, John, 31, 32, 6397 ¢eor tien 
 
 Moss, Mrs. Maria, 77 
 
 Muhlenberg, Rev. Henry, 29, 30 
 
 Myers, Barton, 52, 71, 69, 163, 165 
 
 Myers,: Major E. ToDauga 
 
 Myers, Gustavus A., 57, 58, 71, Port. 181 
 
 Myers, Mrs. Gustavus A., 57 
 
 Myers, Henrietta, 37 
 
 Myers, Hyman, 52 
 
 Myers, Jacob, 44 
 
 Myers, John, 71 
 
 Myers, Miriam Etting (Mrs. Jacob Myers), 
 44, 66, Port. 153 
 
 Myers, Major Mordecai, 37, 65, 72, Port. 
 131 
 
 Myers, Mrs. Mordecai (Charlotte Bailey), 37 
 
 Myers, Moses, 52, 69, Port. 163 
 
 Myers, Mrs. Moses (Eliza Judd or Judah), 
 § 25°53; 00;:P Ort alos 
 
 Myers, Myer, 50, 51 
 
 Myers, Samuel, 50, 51, 57, 58, 69, 77, 
 Port. 159 
 
 Myers, Theodore, estate of, 75 
 
 Myers, Theodorus Bailey, 38 
 
 Myers, William, 51, 57 
 
 Mcllwain, Mrs. George Knox M., 77 
 
 Nathan, Clarence S., 65 
 
 Nathan, Edgar J., 74 
 
 Nathan, Miss Rachel Gratz, 45, 66, 69, 71, 
 155 
 
 Nathan, Seixas, 65 
 
 Nathan, Simon, 65 
 
 Nathan, Mrs. Simon (Grace Seixas), 65 
 ew York City Hall, 68 
 
 oah, Mordecai M., 36, 37, 65, Port. 129 
 Joah, Mrs. Mordecai M., 66 
 
 oah, Robert L., 37, 65, 66, 129 
 
 ones, Miss, 71 
 
 ones, Major Benjamin, 35, 42, 77 
 Nones, Mrs. Benjamin (Miriam Marks), 77 
 Nones, Miriam, 35 
 
 Nones, Walter M., 77 
 
 LILIA SPOS 
 
 O’Neil, Mrs. Richard Frothingham, 50, 68, 
 69 
 
 O’Neill, I. A., 60, 70 
 
 Oppenheim, Samuel, 39 
 
 -<fif 196 heen 
 
INDEX 
 
 Park, Lawrence, 16, 17, 26, 34, 48, foot- 
 note 49, 63, 71, 72 
 
 Peale, Charles Willson, 22, 23, 24, 25, 34, 
 HomOO sos, 105, 14.1 
 
 Peale, James, 66 
 
 Peale, Rembrandt, 22, 25, 61, 67, 109 
 
 Pearce, Mary, 25 
 
 Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, 53, 67, 
 8572, 167 
 
 Petticolas, Edward F., 67 
 
 Philadelphia, Jacob, 77 
 
 Phillips, Aaron, 77 
 
 Phillips, Mrs. Beatrice, 75 
 
 Phillips, Jonas, 22, 23, 24, 25, 66, Port.103 
 
 Phillips, Mrs. Jonas (Rebecca Machado) 
 ease 24, 25, 66, Port. 105 
 
 Phillips, Eon. N. Taylor, 8, 10, 15, 16, 
 17, 18, 62, 65, 72, 74, 76, 77, 78; 83, 
 85, 87, 89, 91, 93 
 
 Phillips, Naphtali, 17, 65 
 
 Phillips, Philip, 58 
 
 Phillips, Rachel, 23 
 
 Polk, Giarles Peale, 34, 67, 121 
 
 Pollack, Mrs. Francis D., 73 
 
 Preston, Mrs. William C., 51, 68, 161 
 
 Ramage, John, 67 
 
 Read, Thomas Buchanan, 24, 67, 91, 107 
 
 Redwood Library, Newport, R. I., 49, 69, 
 78, 157 
 
 Repplier, Mrs. George, 59 
 
 Reynolds, Sir Joshua, 67 
 
 Rieman, Mrs. Charles, 12 
 
 Rivera, Jacob Rodriguez, 49, 50, 69, Port. 
 157 
 
 Rodman, Miss Emma, 49 
 
 Rosenbach, Dr. A-S, W., 18, 31, 76, 78 
 
 Salomon, Deborah, 77 
 
 Salomon, Hyam, 35 
 
 Samuel, Bunford, 42, 64, 66, 73 
 
 Samuel, Frank, 77 
 
 Paniuel, |) Bunford, 30, 31, 32, 63, 76, 
 115,141 
 
 Sartain, John, 56 
 
 Savage, Edward, footnote 49, 50 
 
 Schuyler, Mrs. Philip (Shinah Simon), 78 
 
 Scott, General Winfield, 15 
 
 Seixas, ?, 68 
 
 Seixas, Captain Abraham, 78 
 
 Seixas, Benjamin Mendes, 18 
 
 Seixas, Rev. Gershom Mendes, 18, 78 
 
 Seixas, Isaac Mendes, 17 
 
 Seixas, Mrs. Isaac Mendes (Rachel Levy) 
 12, 10;:17, 92, Lott, 64 
 
 Seixas, M. B. 65 
 
 Seixas, Moses, 17, 18 
 
 Seixas, Rachel Hannah, 78 
 
 Sharples, James, 34, 35, 68 
 
 Shearith Israel Congregation, 8, 9, 10, 78 
 
 Sheftall, Mordecai, 78 
 
 Sheftall, Mrs. Mordecai (Frances Hart) 
 67, 78 
 
 Sheftall, Sheftall, 78 
 
 Shegogue, J. H., 68 
 
 Simon, Joseph, 54, 60, 78 
 
 Simson, Joseph, 67 
 
 Smibert, John, 68 
 
 Solomon, Joseph, 43, 44, 72, Port. 151 
 
 Solomons, Levy, 78 
 
 Spencer, F. R. 68 
 
 Stles,-N7zra.- 19, 20,21, 37, 48, Port; 97 
 
 Strycker, Jacobus Gerritsen, 16 
 
 Stuart, Gilbert, frontispiece, 19, 43, 47, 
 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 57) 58; 
 Go OOe7 14157, 150.161," 1037-105, 
 107, 100, 177,173 
 
 Stuart, Jane, 50 
 
 Sully, Thomas, 16, 47, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 
 GO, O1g0 25070; 71, 17 7ial-7 0, 181s 183, 
 185, 187, 189 
 
 Mpheus, |eremiian,. 43, 34,072, l 79110 
 Thompson, George, 72 
 
 Tisdale, Elkanah, 38, 72 
 
 Touro, Abraham, frontispiece, 48, 49, 69 
 Touro Infirmary, New Orleans, 78 
 Touro, Isaac, 48, 69 
 
 Touro, Judah, 48, 78 
 
 Trott, Benjamin; 43, 72; 147, 149, 151 
 
 Valentine, Mrs. James Alden, 27, 28, 29,76 
 Vanderlyn, Pieter, 16 
 Virginia State Library, 51 
 
 Weis, Samuel W., 69 
 
 West, Benjamin, 22, 25, 26, 55 
 
 Wharton, Anne Hollingsworth, 14 
 
 Whichotes, 14 
 
 White’s ‘Historical Collections of Geor- 
 gia,” 78 
 
 Wollaston, John, 16, 17, 18, 19, 72 
 
 Wood, Joseph, 72 
 
 3! ae 
 ~-alt 197 
 
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