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 eS fa THE Plies 
 Complete Gardin ner: 
 
 
 
 | OR, 
 if Diredtion: for CULTIVATING | | 
 as | AND 
 Right ORDERING 
 OF 
 
 IFRUIT-GARDENS| 
 
 AND 
 
 KITCHEN GARDENS. 
 
 ee 
 
 By Monfieut De la iGuentine 
 
 | Now Compendioufly Abridg’d, and made of more 
 | Ufe, with very Confiderable Improvements. 
 
 By George London, and Henry Wife. 
 ; The Third Evition, Corvecter, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 LONDON, 
 
 Printed for Axzdrem Bell at the Crofs-Keys and Bible 
 in Cornhil neav Stecks-Market, 1701. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
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 AN 
 
 
 
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 ADVERTISEMENT 
 PR Cs TO. THE 
 
 Nobility ‘and Gentry. 
 
 ‘ iF late’ Years, te Gard ning : and Planting have 
 , been i in fo great efteem, it’s obfervable, that 
 many who have planted Fruit-Trees, have’ 
 been ip ppointed in thetr hopes; for after they have 
 ~ been atthe charge of making and planting their Gar- 
 dens, ‘they then of courfe expect fuccels, both in their 
 Trees and Fruit, tho’ the Peres theans for both be 
 ufually. neglected. 
 
 We havenot only obferv'd thele Difappointments, but 
 as much asin us lay, have given our Cautions, elpecial- 
 ly. to Gentlemen that have defited our Opinion : And 
 now out of a true regard to the publick, in refpeét of 
 Gard’ning, we communicate to the World the our 
 Obtervations, which tho’ few, we hope may be ofufe. 
 
 Inthe firft place we think fir to remark that we 
 have gone through the Works of our learned Author 
 with all the exaCine{s we poffibly could, abltraCting 
 out of each Title, or perieral Head, all that is ufeful ; 
 and have reduc ‘d into 4 proper bathod: that ia bhi 
 the Original is fo prolix and interwoven, that the 
 Reader was rather tir'd than inform’d. 
 
 
 
 a Second 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 fi Adevertifement to © 
 Secondly 2 “the Author {ometimes dwells 
 
 upon fome one Fruit, that he often pafles by anothec — 
 that is equally as good, wichout fo much as giving the. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 leaft defcription | of it; which Deficiency we have en % Ka 
 
 deavour'd to fapply:. | q 
 
 To which we {hall add fomething, as renabia Ob: ae 
 fervations we have made of the.Mifcarrsages an Dif a 
 Appointments that Planters meet with: Which may be 
 reducd into thefe three heads. : 
 
 Firft, the beft, or propereft fort of Fruit, are not al- 
 ways made choice of to plant, but often the meee 
 
 Secondly, they are not well eg So vand order'd 
 after they are planted. ) 
 
 Thirdly, Some Seafons of late Years bave: privtd 
 very bad, and may fpoil the Frits 5 tho’ the greaielt ap 
 Care and Skill that’s poffible be us'd about them. ) ° | 
 
 Firft, The beft or propereft fort of Frait foreach | 
 Expofition, are not always made choice of to ‘plant 5 
 but often the contrary. . 
 
 Gentlemen coming to Lundonat the Seafons of Plant- 
 ing, and obferving often that Bundles of Trees" are 
 ftanding at the Seeds-Men Shops, or at leaft meeting 
 with fome of their Printed Catalogues, in which they 
 make large offers of the Sale of all their forts of Frait- 
 ‘Trees, Ever-greens, Flowering Shrubs and Roots 5 but 
 with what Certainty any one may depend upon the 
 _ Truth of what is offer’d, or what Reafon they fhould 
 have to buy of them rather than of the Gardner, we 
 
 leave them to judge ; knowing very well that none of || 
 
 thofe grow in their Shops, 
 
 Another fort of Men there be, that ply a Gat the | 
 Exchange and Weltminfter Hall, fome of which ne- — 
 ver fail of having all forts of Frast Trees that youfhall 
 want, tho’ they have not a Fost of Land: Not but 
 that there are iome of thofe who have Ground of thei 
 own, wherein they raife Trees. 
 
 ‘There 
 

 
 Hibs be Nobility and Gentry) i 
 
 ... There arealfo thofe Gentlemen who fend direétly to 
 fe a Nurfery- Man for {uch and fach forts of Fruit-Trees, not 
 knowing what the forts are which they fend for, but as 
 “itis two often feen, one Frit being call’d by the name 
 - of another, they fend for fuch forts of Fruit which they 
 have tafted under thofe Names; but it being a miftake, 
 Fsud the Fruits they fend for perhaps of the worft Sorts, 
 or notin the leaft fit for the Expofition allotted them; or 
 it may be inftead of the belt, they only fend for thofe 
 that are properly fit for baking. this we know,and have 
 fent them the de(criptions of the’ very fame Fruits they 
 - have fent for thro’ their Miftake, which hath foon cau- 
 fedthem to change their Opinion, & forth with make 
 choice of thofe forts thathave been more proper for them. 
 As for Inftance, There came a Letter from a Per- 
 fon of Honour in Scotland, to fend him the feveral forts 
 _of Fruit-Trees mention’d in his Catalogue, wherein were 
 twelve forts of Peaches, of which fix were {uch as ri= 
 pen with usvery late, as Malecotoon Peach, which is not 
 worth any ones planting, and fome others ‘of late kinds 
 whereas we find by experience that thofe latter Peaches 
 hardly, eyer.sipen here; and what can be imagin’d will 
 the fugcels of them , be, when they are planid {0 far 
 North, emofk « certain ‘that Noble Lord would never have 
 fent for thofe forts, had his Lordthip had the leaft 
 BS kneyledge of them.’ . - 
 & ow it, may be fome of thole forts of late ripe 
 a «that are proper neither for the Soi/ nor Expofiire, 
 oe are. ae according to their order, and Planted, and 
 very ‘en the {pace of time between the Planting 
 and ee Bearing may be fome Years, in which timé 
 they. ave forgot what Trees they fent for; but ic 
 may be the. Trees thrive very well, and there is great 
 expectation of. fome fine Fruit, but when the Fruit ig 
 ripe, and at its full Maturity, all their expectations 
 are Eats for oie a hath gritty choaky 
 
 
 
 
 
 ¥ 
 
 Pears re Rss 7 
 
 
 
ae 
 
 cane ~ Adcoertifement to Seid 
 Pear, alate watery Peach, or a {ower Plum; ‘thea. the te 
 
 _Nurfery-Man is prefently ‘flav'd and conden a for a 
 
 cheating Knave, for fending them fuch forts of bad 
 Fruit, when at the fime time they were the very fame 
 
 forts they fent for; 
 
 There is alfo a fort of Men. who call chemfelves Gard- | 
 
 mers, and of them nota few,who having Wrought : at la- 
 bouring work at the new making of fome’Ground or ina 
 
 Garden, where a great many Hands are employ’d ; and 
 ‘after the young Beginner hath exercifed the Spade and 
 the Barro for twelve Months or there-abouts, he then 
 
 puts on an Apron, fets up for a profefled Gardner, and 
 a place he muft have; he hears fome honeft Country 
 Gentleman is ia London, and wants a Gardner; he goes 
 to him, and tells him his Story of what great miatters 
 he is capable of, and that he hath been at the new ma- 
 king of fuch a Ground, and fuch agreat piece of Work 
 he manag’d, and it may be he gets a favourable Ler- 
 ter, orat left forme recommendation from fome of thofe 
 Sellers of Trees before mention’d; fo then he is hir’d, 
 
 and his Mafter tells him he has brought toT'own with 
 him a Note of fome Frait Trees that he fhall want, and 
 
 asks him if he knows the belt forts, (his Anfwer is, he _ 
 
 kens them reet weel) and has fo much Impudence as to 
 name fome fort or other, right or wrong. — 
 
 Now this Lif? is fent to the Nurfery Man, and if 
 he makes any Scruple of fending the fame forts, it’s 
 judg’d he’s loth to fend out his beft Fruits, for the 
 Gentleman thinks that his Gard’ner hath all the reafon 
 
 in the World to make choice of the beft Sorts of . 
 
 Frit and therefore have them he will; now if the 
 Nurfery-Man hath not thefe forts, he is forced to buy 
 them: So that in this, and other-like Cafes, a Nurfe- 
 
 ry-Man is oblig’d to raife a fupply of fome very indif= i 
 
 _ ferent, or bad forts of Fruit-Trees to ferve thefe Pur- 
 pofes. This is fufficient, without medling any 
 further, to demonftrate how far this Gentleman is 
 
 . impos’ ‘d op} 
 
 ra eae ee ee Sit! 
 = = : - —— ~ SS ee 
 
 
 

 
 i Nobility and Gentry. —v 
 
 impos'd_ upon, even ar the firft ftep; and this we do _ 
 afhirm tobe true of our own knowledge, thofe Men ha- _ 
 ving wrought with us;.and of thofe Northern Lads 
 
 much is owing to their Impudence, . 
 
 Secondly, That Fruit-Trees are not well order’d 
 : and manag’d after their being Planted. 
 
 There be fome Gentlemen who {end for a beft 
 forts of Fruit-Trees from a Nurfery-Man, or Gardner, 
 and accordingly the Trees are fent, and perhaps the 
 D:reétions for placing them againft the Walls which * 
 they properly require, and are afterwards Planted but 
 let us inquire how they are planted and order’d. 
 
 Te may be thofe Trees that are {ent are planted againft 
 flome old Walls, where other Trees have dyed the Year 
 before; now what is donein this cafe, why Holes are 
 made jult where the ether Trees ftocd, and the Tree 
 Planted now the odds is more than ten to one, whether 
 _ thefe Trees ever come to anfwer expectation. _ 
 
 Or if it be anew Wall, then it may be a Trench is 
 dug in clay or Gravel, according as the Ground is, of 
 two or three Foot wide, and of a proportionable depth, 
 fo that the Borders are fill’d up with good Earth, and 
 there. the Treees are fo planted, that by thar time.the 
 Trees come to bear, their Roots have got to the extent 
 of the good Earth, and then return back again, by 
 which the Fruit becomes fmall, bad, and of no relifh., 
 
 But in thofe places where the Borders are made of 
 a proper Depth and Wdeb, and with good Earth, and 
 the Tvees carefully planed, it may be inftead of the 
 Trees being carefully headed at the moft proper time, 
 they are not headed atall, but ftand with their Heads 
 on all Summer; or if they are, it may be inftead of 
 being carefully water'd all Summer, the Borders are 
 full of Weeds, or if clear from Weeds, then it may 
 _ -he'a Grop of Peafe and Beans are fown and planted up- 
 enthem; or if a Garden of Pleafure, then the Borders 
 
 a2 are 
 
eRe SO). Say oe oD 
 
 vib - ‘Adevertifement to 
 
 are fill’d up y with the feveral varieties of great rowing’ se 
 
 Flowers, which fuck the nourifhment from the Trees, 
 and utterly deftroy all good Fruits. 
 
 There might be many more Inftances inferted of 
 this Nature, of all which we have been Eye Witnefles, - 
 and two often feen thefe neglects i in the feveral Plan- 
 tations we have feen manag’d, without mentioning the — 
 great abufe which Fruit Frees fuffer for want of being 
 well prun’d, and the Fraits carefully pick’ d, and other 
 
 negleéts of this Nature; for in truth it’s s rare to fee™ 
 
 thefe works well perform’d. | 
 
 Thirdly, That fome Seafons of late Years have 
 proved very bad, and may have (poiled the Fruits, tho” 
 the greateft ait and Skill had been us’d about thera 
 that was poffible. 
 
 As to thedifficulty of the Seafons, if we fuppofe the 
 beft Fruit Trees to be planted and manag’d with the | 
 greateft Care and Diligence, the Ground firft of all — 
 well prepar’d, and Fruie-Trees budded or grafted on 
 fuch Stocks as are moft proper to the“nature of the 
 Ground, and the feveral kinds planted again the 
 
 Walls properly where they. fhould be, and afterwards: 
 wilfully prun’d, end as often as is needful, thé fuper- 
 Huous Fruit vik off, and no more left on cach Tree, 
 than it can well b:ing to perfeGtion, to be fair and 
 good, when all thefe directions are duly ob{erv'd, 
 yet by reafon of the badnels of Seafons, by Cold, or 
 roo much Rain, many of the Fruit often prove watery, 
 
 — wnfipid, and worth litrle or nothing. 
 
 Thefe following Fruits are’known to be the beft 
 of their Kinds, and when well mariag’d,’and the 
 Seafon favourable, there i is none that do exceed them, 
 
 ve 
 % 
 
 . Peaches 
 
 
 
oy, 
 
 ¢ Minion. " 
 (cal { Ser $ Magdaten. 
 Peaches. | ¢ Montabon, - 
 
 : Belchevereufe, 
 Burdine. 
 Admirable. 
 
 Old Newington. 
 kot \ Red Roman, 
 Next. Violet Haftive, 
 Brinion Rond. 
 _€Virgoulee. 
 Le Chaflery: 
 Ambret. 
 (se Germine. 
 : foine. 
 Ags 4 Craffeine. | 
 Colmar, 
 La Marquis: 
 ‘| Buree, — 
 'UVert Longue. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Thefe feveral Fruit-Trees we have had growing in 
 our own Plantation at Brumpton Park, and others, 
 
 where no Skill, Coft, or Pains have been wanting, . 
 
 yet we do affirm that in fome bad Seafons feveral of 
 the aforemention’d Fruits have had little or no Relifh 
 or Flavour in them, nay infomuch that if our {elves 
 and others had not gather’d good Frait from the fame 
 Trees in ntore favourable Summers before, and knew 
 them tobe the true kinds, one might have been de- 
 
 ceiv'd, and if a ftranger had tafted the Fruit both ina 
 
 good and a bad Seafon, he would not have believed 
 that the fame Treef could produce fo different Fraits. » 
 
 - . * Now it it be fo, that in fome bad Seafons the Fruse 
 
 proves very. indifferent, tho’ ic meet with the beft 
 
 a 4. _ ufage 
 
 the Nobility aid Gentry: vii 
 
Viti = A Adrvertifement’ te oy 
 ufage. what can be feid tothofe Men who expect 
 every year to have the beft of Fruie, without taking = 
 due Regard to the managing of them; who in Plant- 
 ing of them, do not confider to plant Peaches, 
 Pears, &c. to the feveral A/peds, againft the Walls, 
 which they do properly require ? fo that inftead of | 
 Planting them againi a Southall, they are often 
 planted againft a North, North Eft, or North Weft — 
 Wall? . | 
 
 Again, others hearirig that the aforementioned 
 Pears are the very beft forts, they many times {end _ 
 for them, and plant them to be Dwarfs, and not 
 againft a Wall; whereby when they come to bear, 
 the Fruit generally comes not to its due Perfection, 
 whereupon the Gard’ner that fold the Trees is blam’d, 
 and counted a Rogue for felling them fuch bad 
 Kinds. 
 
 But whereas the moft Ingenious Monfieur De /a 
 Qnintiny fays, that he has tafted above 200 feveral . 
 forts of Pears, different one from another, with- 
 out finding above 20 forts that are Excellent; he 
 likewife inferrs, that great Allowances mult be 
 made to the ficklenefs of Seafons, of which we are 
 not the Mafters; as alf of the Diverfity of Soyls 
 and Climates, which is almoft infinite, and to the 
 ~ Nature of the Stock of the Tree, and lafily to the 
 Manner or Figure in which the {everal Trees grow 
 and produce. , 
 
 They are ali points that require a great deal of 
 Confideration, and veiy quick Senfe to ballance the 
 Opinion of thofe that would judge of them. There 
 are fometimes ill Pears among the Virgoylees, Le Chaf- - 
 feries, Ambretts, and Thorn- Pears, &c, and but fcur- 
 vy Peaches among the Minions, Magdalens, Violets, 
 Admirables, &c. and bad Plums among the Perdri- © 
 gous, fome bad Grapes among the Mulats, and bad 
 Figs among thofe that are/molt efteemd. ite 
 
 | Aa BB 
 
 
 

 
 the Nobility and Gentry: ix 
 
 This may perhaps aftonifh fome Curious Perfon but 
 . tho’ ina certain {ort of good Fruit there may be fome 
 defeétive, yet ic follows not from hence that the whole 
 Kind fhould be rejected; for a Fruit may prove 
 ill one Year, or in fuch certain Expofitions, which 
 “may have appear’d good feveral Years before; fo on 
 the other hand, that Fruit which was good this Year, 
 was not to be endur’ d for fome preceding Years. 
 
 Now to prevent as much as in us lies, and put a 
 ftop to thefe grand Diforders for the future, and to 
 direct our Nobility and Gentry into a true Method, 
 how to prepare the Earth, and make their Ground 
 fit for planting, and how to have good Trees, where- 
 by they may have real Caufe to rejoice in the Event. 
 
 Take the following Rules, with what you'll meet 
 with in the Abridgemenr, which may be fufficient 
 Directions for all young Planters. 
 
 13. As to the preparing and making your Ground 
 fit for planting. 
 
 In all the Plantations that we have had to do 
 with or have obferved, we have found by Experi- 
 ence, That when young Trees are planted in the fame 
 Earth that others have died in, they feldom or nee 
 ver fucceed well in it; fo that j in this Cafe, the only 
 and beft way will be to take out all the old, worn- 
 out, or exhaufted Earth, about 4, 5, or 6 Foot Dia- 
 meter, and of a proportidtable Depth, that is where 
 you defign to Plant your Tree, and take fome good 
 frefh Earth co fill the hole up: The beft Earth for 
 this Ue is a fort of a rich {andy Loam, which may 
 be taken near the Surface cf fome rich Pafture | 
 Ground where Cattle have been fed or fother’d, or 
 of fome rich Sheep Walk, where there is a Depth 
 of Earth; and if it is mix’d wirha little old Mellon 
 Earth, or the like, it may do well, or Cow or Hor- 
 fes Dung may likewife do well if it is quite rotten, fo 
 as to be like Barth; but of this a fmall Quantity, as 
 
 one 
 
x Advertifement to 
 one part in four or five, and {6 rotten that it may not 
 be difcern’d tobe Dung, but Earth, ) 
 
 This fort of Earth ought to be ae a ond to lie: 
 fome time on a heap before planting, andif you have 
 Conveniency, to keep it from great Gluts of Wet, fo 
 that when you come to ule it, it may be dry, and be- 
 ing well wrought ard turn’d over, it becomes fine, and 
 in ufing fills up the Vacancies between the Roots. 
 
 This Earth is of great ufe where Ground cannot be 
 brought into a fit condition for planting, by reafon of 
 its being over moift, and will not admit of being 
 well wrought, tll fuch time as the Seafon for plant. 
 ing will be over, and fometimes in a very dry Spring 
 when the Work is: undertaken late; fo that the - 
 Earth of it felf in the Ground, will not admit of 
 
 - planting, and having a Stock of this fort. of Barth fo 
 
 well prepared and ordered, the planting may very 
 well go on, and by which a Year's ime intav'd) Foe 
 having to each Tree only fo much of this Earth to co-_ 
 ver the Roots of the Tree, and fix him fo that he may — 
 ftand firm, the reft may be done at atime when the 
 Weather will better admit of it. 
 
 After thefe Trees are well planted in this iit: 
 and having good half-rotten Dung near at hand, lay 
 
 - on a Coat of about three or four Inches thick, aed 
 
 wards laying on a fpriskliog of Earth of about an 
 Inch thick, and above that lay on Fern ar old Straw 
 five or fix Inches thick or thereabouts, and twoor 
 three Foot every way from the Stem of the Tree, 
 then lay on a few great Stones, which willbe of 
 ufé to keep the Wind from blowing off the Fern or 
 Straw. 
 
 This Coat of Dung and Straw will be of great 
 Benefit to. the Roots, of the Trees, Rok them 
 warm in the Winter from the ‘violent Frolts, and 
 cool in Samer from extreme al Leal and as time 
 
 and. 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 Ce 
 
 the Nobility aid Gentry. = xi 
 
 ‘and Wether wafts the Dung, Fern or Straw, it ren- 
 “ders it very agreeable to the Reats of the Trees, or 
 Plants againft a Wall. 
 
 After this is perform’d, if Wail-Trees, let the Prin- 
 cipal Branch of them be nail’d to the Wall, to keep 
 them from being fhaken by the Wind, for ’tisa great — 
 Annoyance to all Fruit-Trees and others, to be fo fhak~ 
 en; efpecially when they have ftruck young Roots, by 
 
 breaking them off, whichisa great Hindrance to theie 
 | Progre(s i in growing, and often caufés their dying. 
 
 -Alfo in all Standard Fraie Trees and others, if this 
 Method of frefh Eareh be ufed in planting, and after 
 being well planted, co be ftak’d and tied fo as the 
 Wind or Cattle donot anoy them, the Owners will 
 reap a fatisfactory Benefit. 
 
 — If your Trees are not headed, or at leaft fo low as 
 they thould be when they are planted, then obferve, 
 that as foon ag the Buds ‘begin to {well fo as you 
 can be able to difcern which are\moft proper to 
 ferve for the. ufg, of filling up the Wall, then head 
 your Trees, cutting them within fix or nine Inches 
 of the budding or, grafting Place, more or lefs, ac- 
 cording as the Tree is furnifh’d with Buds; but be 
 fare to hold the Tree faft, fo as the Roots may not be 
 mov'd. 
 
 In performing this Work of beading of thole Trees 
 at the Spring: it ought tobe done with a particular 
 Care. 
 
 __ Now fuppofing thefe Trees are planting according to 
 all the Dire&tions before mentioned ; it follows not 
 from thence, but that they may ftill lie under far- 
 ther Inconveniencies, if due Care be not taken to 
 water them when they require it, to keep the Bor- 
 ders, Divifiogs, ot other Places eas from Weeds: 
 
 For in fome fpace of Years there ought not to be 
 any thing fuffer’d to grow within five or fix Foot of 
 the Root of the Tree, to fuck the leaft: Nourifhment 
 from it, , And 
 
 + SE >) 
 
nt Adcvertifement to. 
 
 And they muft be alfo well fcur’d from the i ijries 
 of Cattle, ec. ih 
 
 For we rather chufe to advife all perfons not to 
 Plane at all, than not to take proper methods where- 
 by their Tikes may {ucceed; for it can never be plea 
 fing to feea flunted Tree, ora Plantation not thrive, 
 and we are moft certain it can be no fatisfaGtion or 
 Credit to any honeft Nurfery man or Gard’ner, to fee. 
 or hear of {uch Miicarriages. 
 
 ‘To be furnifh'd with good Trees. 
 
 Enquire out an able Nurferyman, ot Gardner of 
 good repute, give him an account cf the Afpects of 
 your Wals which you defign to plant, and the height 
 of them, 
 
 Alfo let him have the particular length of each 
 Wall, &c. in yards or Feet, and what fort of Earth 
 your ‘Grating does moft incline to, whether hot and 
 dry, or coldand moi, &c. 
 
 This Nurfery man muft regulate and proportion the 
 whole Plantation with Trees prorer for the feveral 4/- 
 peas and nature ofthe Soil, as alfo for all Dwarfs, Sean- 
 dards, or balf Standards,which fhall be thought neceflary.. 
 
 But perhaps a Gentleman hasa Plantation already, 
 yet wants a few more Trees for fome vacant places ; 
 herein the Nurfery.Man (hould be likewite inform’d 
 - what plenty of choice Fruits you have already, 
 
 As for Example. 
 
 if youare pretty well flor'd with the Buxee Pear, 
 which indeed is one of the beft forts of Fras in its 
 proper Seafon, and fo likewife for any other choice 
 forts, you may chufe rather to be fupply’d with fome 
 other forts generally allow’d tobe gocd. 
 
 But herein be not over-fond of infinite varieties of 
 Fruit, for the moft knowing Men in Fruit-Trees, ra- 
 ther content themfelves with a few good forts, than 
 
 trouble 
 
 
 

 
 he Nobility and Benery> ‘iii 
 
 » trouble themfelves’ farther, where they are fure to 
 - find little or no fatista€tions 
 
 It may not be amiG to givea Word or two of Di- 
 rections for planting an entire ColleGtion of Fruie. 
 
 ‘Suppofe then thar you have Walls and ground enough 
 to plant a whole Colleétion, herein it will be mainly ne- 
 éeflary fo to regulate the matter that you may be 
 fupply’d with Fruie at all times of the Year: In ore 
 derto which its: requifite to have Fywit-Trees {uitable 
 to each Seafon ; as, firlt to Summer, next for Autumn, 
 ~ and next to them the farft Winter Fruits, fuch as 
 are eatable in November and December; and laftly, the 
 late Winter Pears, asthe Bon Chretien Double, &c. 
 which will continue good a long time, even till April, 
 if-carefully gather’d and look’ ‘d after, and will then 
 : be excellent. 
 
 As for Summer, tho’ there be feveral excellent per- 
 fum’d Pears, as alfo of Peaches in Fly and Auguft, yet 
 they foon perifh. 
 
 Alfo ia Autumn, to have too many Buree and Berga- 
 mot, (tho the beft in that feafon) will not be conve= 
 nient, but to have other Fruits follow them fuccel- 
 fively. . 
 
 We are of opinion that bigh Walls willdo beft te. 
 be planted with the choiceft forts of inter Pears, for 
 the advantage which is reap’d from them is very 
 great; the Fruit ufually keeps very long, if gather'd 
 in a proper Seafon, and difcreetly difpos’d. of after= 
 wards; and fome furts of them will make a lovely 
 appearance at your ‘Table for fix Weeks or two 
 Months together; alfo another great Benefit ir, that 
 they may be conveyed with fafety from the Country 
 to London, or elfewhere, as there fhall be occafion, 
 
 It isto be noted, that tho’ thefe Directions that 
 are given in fending the length and heighth of the 
 Walls, together with their feveral Afpacts, and na- 
 ture of the Ground, to a Nurery-man or Gardner, . 
 
 only 
 
ay. “Adevertifement,, Bick: (ox eae 
 
 ~ only for thofe Noble-men and others, that bas na 
 had the knowledge of Fruie; whereby to make the — 
 moft judicious choice themfelves; but for thofethat ) 
 have had that knowledge, or at leaft have a fufficienr ue 
 
 Gardner, it’s fappos'd that they may fend their order 
 for {uch and fuch forts of Fruit, being able to judge _ Be 
 of what forts they moft fand in need-of, or at aid | 
 that are moft fuitable to their Pallates. : 
 
 
 
 
 ; - 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 SOME 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ee 
 
 | 
 { 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 | An Advertifemenc of J, Evelyn, Elq;. 
 ; i - to the Folio, Edition of Monfieur 
 | La Quintinye. r 
 
 eee 
 
 x 
 
 Cannot conceive but it muft needs be a very accepta- 
 , ble Advertifement, and of Univerfal Concern to 
 
 all” Noble men, and Perfons of Quality, lovers of Gar- 
 dens, and Improvers of Plantations ( of all Diverfions 
 _ and Employments the wmoft Natural, Ufeful; innocent 
 
 and Agreeable) at what Diftance foever ( from a Place’ 
 of fo ealy and [peedy Corre[pondence, and which is fo near 
 this great City ) to give this Notice. ; 
 That of all Ihave hitherto feen, either at Home or Abroad ; 
 
 or found by Reading many. Books publifo'd on this Subject, 
 pretending to [peak of Nurferies and Plantations for ftore 
 and variety, Direttions for the Defigning (or as they term 
 it) the Skilful Making, Plotting, Laying-out, and Difpofing 
 of 2 Ground to the beft Advantage: In a word, for what- 
 foever were defireable for the Furniture of fuch a Ground, 
 with the moft excellent and Warrantable Fruit (I fay 
 Warrantable; decane it is peculiarly due to their honef? 
 Induftry, and fo rarely to be met with elfewhere) and 
 otker Acceffories to Gardens of all Denominations, as 
 in that Vaft, ample ColleQion which I have late- 
 ly feen, and well confider’d at Brompton Park near 
 Kenlington: The very fight: of which alone, gives 
 an \dea of fomething that is greater than I can well ex 
 prefs, without an ennumeration of Particulars; and 
 of the exceeding Induftry, Atethod and Addrefs of thofe 
 who have undertaken, and Cultivated it for publick Ufe = - 
 I mean Mr. George London «(chief Gardner to their 
 Majefties) and his Affociate Mr.Henry Wile: For I have. - 
 long obferv'd ( from the daily prattice, and effets of the 
 laudable Indujtry of thefe foi Partners) that they have snot 
 J mane 
 
 4 
 
 
 
\ 
 
 An Advertifement of 7. E-velyn,Ef{q, 
 made Gain the only mark of their Pajns; But with Extrag 
 ordinary, and rare Indufiry, endeavour’d to improve them- 
 felues im the Myfteries of their Profeffion, from the great 
 Advantages, and now long Experience they beve had, inbe= — 
 ing Employ d in moft of the celebrated Gardens and Plantati- 
 ons which this Nation abounds in; befides what they. have 
 learn’d Abroad, where Harlomares isin bigheft Reputation. 
 I find they,not only underftand the Nature and Genius 
 of the feveral Soils; ; but their ufual Infirmities, proper 
 Remedies, Compofts and Applications to Reinmvigorate: exe 
 haufted Mould, fweeten the foul and tainted, and reduce 
 the Sower, Harfh, Stuborn and Dry, or over moif? and. 
 diluted Fath, to its genuine Temper and Conftstution ; 
 and what Alpests, ye Situations are proper for the feve- 
 val forts of Mural, Standard, Durarf, and other Fruit trees. 
 They have made Obfervations, and given mea Spe- 
 cimen of that long (but hitherto), wanting particular, of 
 Difcriminating the feveral kinds of Fruits, by thea 
 Characteriftical Notes, from a long, and Critical obfer- 
 vation of the Leaf, ‘Taft, Colour, and other diftinguifh- 
 ing Qualities: So asone {halt mot, be impas’d upon with 
 Fruits of Several Names; whens in truth, there is. byt 
 one due to them, For infhance, in Bears alone, 4 Gentle: 
 raan in the Country fends to the Nurieries for tbe Liver 
 Blanch, Pignigny de chouille, Ratrap blanc, Se. the. 
 Englith St. Gilbert, Cranbourn Pears (aud everal 
 other names.) when a'l this while, they are no atker than 
 the well known Cadillsc, The fame alfa bap’ ning in 
 Peache, Agples, Plums, Cherries, and other Fruit; 
 fir, want ofan accurate examination ( by, comparing of 
 their Tafte, and thofe other Indications I.have.mentio- 
 ned) For which Gentlemen complain (and. mot without 
 caufe) that the Nurfery-men abufe then, when “tis. 
 their Ignorance, or the Exotic Name of which they are fo 
 fund, ) 
 I find they have Ishempife apply'd, rherafelogs to, attain, 
 @ Jificient Mefeo ifn fas aud. Fi igores Sex gengral.. 
 — aefigny 
 
 
 
oe 
 ae 
 | ee 
 tow 
 —_—| ea 
 BB: 
 
 
 
 An Adyertifement of 7. E-velyn,Efq; 
 
 aefign, and expeditious Methods for cafting-and leveling 
 of Grounds ; and to bring them into the mof? apt Form they 
 
 "are capable of, which requires a particular Addrefiy and 
 
 to determine the beft Proportions of Walks and Avenues, 
 Stras, Centers, 8c Suitable to the lengths, and how, and 
 with what materials,whether Gravel ,Carpet,€5c.to be layed. 
 They have a ntimerous Colleétion of the beft Defigns, 
 and I perceive are able of themfelves to Draw, and con- 
 trive other, applicable to the places, when bufie Works, 
 and Patterns of Imbroidery for the Coronary and Flower 
 Gardens are proper or defired. And where Fountains, 
 Statues, Vafas, Dials, and other decorations of Magnifi- 
 cence are to be plac'd with moft advantage. 
 
 To this add a plentiful and choice Collefion of O- 
 range-trees, Limon, Mertil, Bayes, Jafimines, and af 
 other Rarities, and Exotics, requiring the Confervatory ; 
 af.er they have embellifh’t their proper ftation’ abroad du~ 
 ying the Summer, and for continuing a no le[s ornament 
 
 an the Green-Houfe during Winter. 
 
 They have a very brave and noble Affembly of the 
 
 Flowery and other Trees; Perennial and varie. 
 
 gated FevertGreens and flrubs, hardy, and fitteft 
 for our Climate; and underfiand what beft to plane 
 the bumble Bofcage, Wildernefs, or taller Groves 
 with; where, and how to difpofe, and govern them ac- 
 cording as Ground, and fituation of the place requires both 
 for fhelter and ornament, For which purpofe (and for 
 Walks and Avenues) they have flore of Elms, Limes, 
 Platans, Conftantinople-Chefnuts, Black © Cherry- 
 trees, Se. | 
 
 Nir are they, ¥ perceive, lefs knowing in that moft, 
 ufeful (though tefs pompous part of Horticulture ) the 
 Potagere, Meloniere, Culinarie Garden: Where 
 they flrould moft properly be plac’d for the ufe of the 
 
 Family; bow to be planted, furnifl’d and Cultivated fo 
 
 as to. afford great pleafure to the, Eye, as. well as. profit 
 to the Mafter. And they bave alfo Seeds, Bulbs, 
 : obcnmeee OF “ROOTS, 
 
M 
 
 wt 
 
 An sadverbeniedt Pe Evehn, Eee 
 
 Roots, Slips, for. rhe Flowry Garden, and. ‘foew. how. 
 ebey ougbe to be order’d and maintain d. 
 
 _ Lajtly, ng might fi fu wper- add, the great number of Crounds. 
 and Gardens of Noble-men and Perfons_ of Qualityy 
 which they have made planted ab Origine, and are, 
 fill under their, Care and infpeEtion (chough « at. Confi de= 
 rable Diftances) and bow exceedingly they brelien £0. 
 juptifiewhat. I have faid in their behalfy oo... . 
 
 _ And as forthe Nurfery part in Voucher, aud, to (Brit 
 good what-I have faid on that particular, | one. needs, 
 via. more than take a Walk to Brompton Park (upon: 
 a fair Morning) to bebold, and admire what a Magazine. 
 thefe Induftrious. Men. have provided, fit for. age, and 
 Choice in their. feveral Glaffess and. all within one Ins 
 clofure: Such an Affembl I believe, as is no where e ife 
 to be met: with sn this Kingdom, nor in any “other that ms 
 know of. 
 
 T cannot therefore ferbear to Publifh (after all the En. 
 comiums. of this great Work of Moun. de la Quin- 
 ‘tinye, which I confe[s are ‘very juft) what.twe can, and. 
 are able to perform in this pare of. Agriculture 5 - and have 
 fome Amoguities and advantages peciliar to our own, 
 which neither. France, nor any other Country can attain 
 20; and 1s much. ae to the Induftry of Mr, London 
 and Mr. W ile. and to fuch as [hall imitate their Lain 
 dable Ondertal hing. | : 
 
 Be this then for thetr Encouragement, and. to Br aif, 
 Ge Bs may need or require their Ally iftances sail 
 Hert Andi es gavel ¢ me E. V¥ EL: Y.N. 
 
 ee a. 
 ay Etsark de @ pe 
 \ 
 
 7 ow ey PR eee 8 : ‘ey - * F 
 - v 24 l4 ba EA wih 4 KE wal me j ss : 
 
 ‘ 
 
 ef cms a tn ee en J , ! 
 : te et %, t oe ‘ Bits 4 t : i: - 
 
 Place bis betwee page 14 ea 15 before rthe De 
 fence of Gardens. °. > - 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 ia SOME- 
 
 
 
 Wen wULES 
 : : ; FOR THE | 
 D efence of GARDE N Si; . 
 
 AND 
 
 Securing of large Plantations from turbulent 
 | Been and blafting Winds. bf 
 
 Bi With Inftructions touching Efpalliers, or places 
 of Shelter for the preferving of tender 
 Greens and Plants, , 
 
 : firange to confider to what a vaft Perfection 
 we in this Ifland are arrived in a few years in 
 many laudable Arts, but efpecially in Gard'ning ; 
 wherein we are at prefent very little laferior either 
 to the Italian, French, or Flemming. But thar which 
 renders our Gardens and Plantations \efs {ucce(sful thar | 
 theirs, isjudg’dto proceed, as certainly it does, from 
 the variablenefs of our Climate, compared with that 
 of the more Southern Continent: For thofe that are 
 upon Terra Firma do obferve, that tho’ their Winters 
 be fevere, and many times fharper than ours, yet 
 when that is paft, ufually moderate and comfortable 
 Weather fucceeds all the Summer after. But we here in 
 
 | ~ England 
 
 
 

 
 xvi Rules for the defence of Garderis, 
 England find it quice otherwile, Experience making it 
 toovoften appear, what fudden Alterations we have of 
 Weather through molt parts ofthe Year, as from hot 
 to cold, from calm and (rene, to ftormy, turbulent, 
 and {harps and all this fomerimes in a very fhort {pace 
 of tintc. This indeeed does too often truftrate our La- 
 bour'and Induftry, fothat we are under a neorflity of 
 contriving a timely Remedy, (as far as lies i in our 
 Power) to preferve our Gardens againft the encouaters 
 of this deftru@tive Enemy: Efpecially fince our Pre= 
 dece {lors in Gard’ning, nay even the mioft eminent Pra- 
 . Gitioners.therein, as ‘well as feveral_ ingenious Gentle 
 raen, who being well skill’d in art, and have writtert 
 of Gard’ning, have wholly omitted, of too much neg- 
 le&ted i, contenting themfelves only with making a 
 Brick or Stone Wall about their Garden; conceiving 
 when that isdone, that they are fufficiently provided 
 witha fecure defence. Which was alfo the opinion of 
 that time, in which the Author of the Gomplere Gar- 
 d’ner made it his Praftice to plant ander all thofe fevee 
 ra] Parallel Walls atthe Royal Poragerie at Verfailles, 
 which is near twenty Yearsfinee 5 upon the Plane of 
 which Garden, with its W alls and Scituations, fome Ob- 
 fervations were made in April laft, viz. 1698. by G. L. 
 which are as follows, 
 inall the Divifions of the, Parallel Walls, whete 
 they were placed clofélt, the Peaches and Neétarines 
 were almoft wholly gone off from the Wall, efpe- 
 cially thofé near the Door-way, and alfo in thofe 
 Quarters where the Parallel Walls were fet in ob- 
 tufe Angles, one might obferve that all the Branches 
 of the Trees were gone off within three or four Foot of 
 the Ground, fome were half gone, and great numbers 
 of whole Trees were entirely gone; all which was the 
 mifchicvous effects of Eddy-Winds: So thatifa Rrict 
 calculation was made of all thofe Peach-Trees, and 
 
 NeGarines which Monficur La Quintinie planted, and 
 ; : had 
 
 
 

 
 toad 
 a 
 
 ¢ . 
 | defence of Gardens. XVil 
 had in PerfeCtion about twelve Years fince, one would 
 not find forty good Peach Trees in all that great De- 
 fign for Wall Fruit-Trees, whereas in his Book he de- 
 {cribes fome hundreds of Trees for that purpofe. 
 
 *Tis farther obfervable that thofeTrees which mifcar- 
 ryed moft ,were fuch as grew uponthe Souch Weft Walls. 
 _ And that in the great Square ot that Garden 
 the Trees have not been fo much deftroy’d as lin the 
 little Squares, for which this reafon may be affign’d, 
 viz. Uheir allowing feveral of thofe Trees which were 
 defign’d, for Dwarfs, to run up into tall Heads for 
 Standards, which do in part break off the Winds from 
 thofe tender Trees which are again{t the Walls. 
 
 ’Tis alfo obferveable.that this Plantation; which 
 in all probability was intended for one of the fineft 
 in Ewrope, is now in the Year 1698, reduced from 
 that Profperity it enjoy’d in the Year 1686, even to 
 fuch adegree of deftruction, thatnot one part in three. 
 ef thoie Trees can be found in Perfection, and even - 
 thife are eitherPears, Plums and fine Cherry-Treess 
 They have indeed new planted moft of their Walls 
 with Peach Trees and Neétarines; fome Plantations 
 are alfo made onthe outfide to break off the W inds, 
 and for the fame reafon they have permitted feveral of 
 their Dwarfs to run up for Standards in the great Squares, 
 from the fhelter af which they expeét to fuccced in 
 retrieving the farmer profperity of their Plantation. 
 
 Thefe obiervations I thought fit to infért, as falling 
 _ naturally-in, to confirm the Rules of our prefent Dit 
 cour{es 3 
 
 Some may queftion why we muft now have thefe 
 works of Ejpaliers here in England, more than their 
 ’ Forefathers bad who found ic fufiicient to have Gardens 
 _ encompafs’d with geod Walls againft which feveral 
 
 Fruit-Trees were planted, which by experience they 
 _ found to come to good Perfection; as for inftance in 
 the Scituations of {ome old Monatteries? ie 
 @ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
xviil oo Rales fe the 
 To this’ tis anfwer'd: | 
 We know by experience, that when we btvd Rests 
 
 invited to feveral places to give our Advice, in order — 
 tothe altering, or new making of fome Defigns for — 
 the Ornament of Gentlemens Seats, by making regu- 
 lar Lines for Walls, or for Standard Fruit-Trees, we 
 
 have found fome of thofe Scicuations have been for- — i 
 
 merly noted to be places excellent for good Fruits, Se. 
 for which feveral Reafons may be given, ' 
 
 Firft, We have obferv’d that molt of thofe. places 
 have been {cituated in an excellent Soil, on the South — 
 declivity of a Hill, a fine River on the South of that, 
 
 fecur'd very well froin North, North-Eat, and North- — 
 weft Winds by high Trees of feveral kinds, and fome 
 Trees alfo on the South Eaft, and South Weft, fo that 
 the whole Scituation hath been fecur'd from violent 
 
 Blights of the Winds. 
 
 In thefe eld Sciruations we have plified; thar 
 there had been very good Trees againft the Walls; — 
 more particularly in one place we obferv'd an old Bo- 
 dy of a Newington Peach, whofe Trunk was like an old 
 decay’d Willow, the Wall was of Brick, and near four- 
 teen foot high above ground, the Tree had fpread from 
 the Stem twenty Foot on each fide, which was near five 
 hundred and fixty fuperficial Feet; this vee was 
 planted in the Year 1633, and the old Bady was 
 taken up with a few live Branches inthe Year 1682, 
 which was near fifty Years old. Ic is very rare to finda 
 Tree in. any good Condition, at this time,half that Age. 
 
 We have. aifo obferv’d, that at fome of «thofe 
 
 old Monafteries, and Sears fo well fhelter’d from 
 the Winds, and that have been ‘noted places’ for 
 plenty of good Frade and early ripe. that by ereét- 
 ing fome new Buildings, or the decayednefs of the 
 Trees, that has catifed them tobe taken down, has 
 {oon made an alteration, infomuch that thofe pla+ 
 ces have had ‘their full at ‘of the Blights, exactly 
 With 
 
 
 
defence of Gardens, —_xix? 
 with other places, if not worfe; neither did the Buss 
 after that come fo early ripe as formerly, for where 
 care hath been taken, that large Plantations fhould 
 grow on the outward Bounds of the Gardens, the 
 Benefit of them is very great, belides the breaking off 
 the cold blighting Winds; for the glowing heat of 
 the Sun, in all thofe places fo well defended, caufes 
 both Planes to flourifk, and Fraie more early to ripen 
 This being fo, we ‘fappofe it needlefs to add how 
 highly neceflary it will be to find out fome better fe- 
 curity for our Gardens and Plantations, fo far as is pof: 
 fible: For the effecting therefore of which, we fhall 
 hay down fome fhort Rules and Dire€tions. 
 
 F inf for fecuring of Creder\anth Recasioas 
 
 - Second, to make a defence for feeuring of Orange? 
 Trees, Limons, Mprtles, and other tendet exotick 
 Greens and Plants in the SummerS eafon. 
 
 In the fir place to make a general fecurity for 
 a whiole Garden or Plantation, it will be neceflary to 
 plant Trees for defence thereof, fome diftance with= 
 out the urmoft Bounds or Walls, in fuch manner as 
 is hereafter {pecified: The Lines of Trees for this 
 purpole, may be planted in twoor three Rows; I's 
 convenient that they be planted pretty thick, confider= | 
 ing the ufe thar they are for; And in Planting of 
 them, after the firft-Line is planted, let. the fecond 
 Line be planted in fuch order that every three, Trees 
 may make an Aiquilateral Triangle, that, the. fiett 
 Range may be clofed by the fecond,.after which, a 
 
 + third Line may be planted which may, bear,the ; fame 
 
 
 
 _ Proportion to the fecond, as the fecond does: tothe 
 fark; in this manner. phe 
 
 bo duct oRhrge 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Xx (Rules for the ; 
 
 @ 
 & 
 ® 
 
 
 
 Three Rows of Trees Planted in this order, will be 
 found to be of extraordinary ufe ; and if it may be 
 
 done with conveniency, let thefe Ranges encompafs 
 
 the whole Plantation or Gardens. ‘This method of 
 planting is much better than at right Angles, for feve- 
 ral reafons. : 
 The diftance of Planting them may be from ecighe 
 teen or twenty Foot, to 25 Foot afunder. 
 Thefe feveral forts of Trees are fic for this ufe. 
 
 , 
 
 € Durch, 
 Elms,< Witch, 
 Englith. 
 Abealle. 
 
 ' Beach. 
 Oak. 
 Lyme. 
 Siccamore. 
 Pines 
 Scotch Fir. 
 
 But of all thefe the three forts of Elms and Lymes,are 
 to be preferr’d, if ro be obtain’d with conveniency ; tho” 
 if the Rules hereafter laid down be well obferv’d and 
 put in practice, the Firs and Pines may be of great ufe. 
 
 ‘What Trees foever are imploy’d for this ufe, let 
 them be ftrong, ‘and the larger the better, for hereby 
 
 they will the fooner anfwer the defign propos’d; in § 
 
 tranfplanting of them, let them be taken out of their 
 ‘matural. Earth or Abode with a great deal of care, 
 | and 
 
defence of Gardens. Poe 
 and with as much of their Root to them as is poffible, 
 and moderately prun’d and well planzed,but not too deep 
 if the Ground incline to Maifture,for hereby,many Trees 
 are{poil'd; we rather advife all Perfonsto plant rather 
 fhallow than deep, and therein they can hardly err. 
 After they are planted, let them be very well ftak'd, 
 that they may have ftrength to withftand the ftrong 
 Winds, ‘till they have taken Root fufficient to fublift 
 of themfelves ; in their growing up they muft be taken 
 care of every Year, and well water’d on all Occafions. 
 | Their Head fhould not be too'tall at their firft 
 . Planting, for when they are fo, they will require a- 
 | bundance. cf trouble in {takiny of them firmly. 
 
 Ic will be proper fora!) Perfons that hereafter fhall 
 make Garden or Plantations, as {oon as they have mea- 
 ford and laid out the Bounds thereof, to begin to 
 plant thefe Rows of Trees in the aforefaid method, 
 even before they go’about the making oftheir Gardens, 
 that no time may be loft, and that they may be a fer- 
 
 _ -viceable Defence with as much fpeedas maybe. 
 ___ Pines, and all forts of Firs, look very well when 
 
 Planted in this manner, and are ofgreat ufefulnefs in — 
 breaking off Winds from the inward Plantation; they 
 make a very fine tow’ ring fhow in the Winter Seafon, 
 when all other Trees and Places lock rufty; likewife if 
 they are planted on a rifing Ground.foas to be feen 
 at any great diltance, they look very noble and pro- 
 per for all magnificent Seats. 
 
 But to effect this, they mult be procured out of 
 fome Nuvfery, their Size to be from two Foot to three 
 or four Foot high, let them be planted in fome place 
 in the Garden, or fome neceflary place fet apart for 
 
 ' that purpofe, in order to be afterwards traniplanted 
 out, where its defign’d they fhalli ftand, bur firft let 
 them come to be feven, eight, or nine Foot high ; 
 __- afcer which they muft be taken up with almoft all 
 their Roots, and as much Earth abour them, as tWo, 
 b 2 | or 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
xxii ——- Rades for the 
 or four Men can carry, with each Tree ina Hand-Bar- _ 
 
 row, this Earth will be a great means to fix them 
 
 where they are to be planted, that they may thrive 
 betrer, and more firmly withftand the violence of the 
 
 Winds; and by being remov’d in this manner, they 
 _ fuffer very little Damage as to hind’ring their growth. 
 
 This way of Planting is of excellent ufe and benefit 
 
 to all fuch Perfons as intend to make large Plantati- 
 ons of Firs and Pines for Avenues, Views, or Walks 
 
 of Shade, orthe like, in Pafture Grounds, Parks, or 
 other grafting Grounds where Cattle come, or te 
 bound their Garden by planting one, two, or three 
 Lines of thefe forts of Trees without the Bounds of 
 the Garden. But of thefe the Silver Fir is a noble Tree 
 tho’ che other does very well. 
 
 This method being follow’d, it may be accom- 
 plifhed with a great deal of eafe; but if they fhould 
 be planted cut at two Foot and half, or three, or — 
 four Foot high, in Parks or other Places where Cattle 
 come; its a very hard matter ro fecure them, or to 
 keep the Ground loofe, and in fuch order as the {aid 
 young Trees require. 
 
 As for thofe which are planted out of the larger 
 fize, after they have {toad three or four Years after 
 planting, they will be out of the react of Cattle from 
 ‘injuring their Boughs. : 
 
 The nature of {ome of hte Treesis fuch, that they 
 do not fhoot away free and ftrong *iill they come to 
 be about three or four Foot high, after which there 
 are few Foreft Trees that our ftrip them in growth, 
 when well manag’d. 
 
 We enlarge the more on thefe Trees, by realon of 
 their Noblenefs,there being hardly anybody that hasun- 
 
 dertaken any thing of thiskind,that ever repentedthem 
 
 of their Charge and Trouble, if right method were _ 
 
 taken in ordering of thems they will for the before. 
 
 mention’d ufe be the moft proper and ufeful of any. 
 We 
 
 
 

 
 1 ta ; 
 
 / 
 
 'defenceof Gardens. xxiii 
 
 We have often obferv’d about fome Noblemen’s 
 Seats, what vaft Charges they are fometimes at in le- 
 velling and putting their Ground in order for Views, 
 Avenues, or fome private walks of Shade, and after 
 they have been at all thisexpence, perhaps the Ground 
 is planted with d/h, Walnuts, Abeals, or fuch like ill 
 growing Trees. sab 
 
 , Whereas if the Rules before fer down had been 
 
 well obferv'd, then thofe fine growing Trees would 
 psrhaps have been as cheapor cheaper, fince in the 
 beauty and finenefs of the Trees, there is no compa- 
 rifon to be made. 
 
 The Greens aforefaid do very much excelall thofe 
 that fhed their Leaves,by reafon they continue the {ame 
 
 all the W inter,befides they will afpire to a great height, 
 
 mer Seafon. 
 
 become beautiful Trees, and of long duration. 
 
 It remains now to lay down fome Ru'e: and Dire- 
 étions for making Effailier Hedges, or places of defence 
 for fecuring of Oranges, Myrtles, and other tender 
 Greens and Planes from malevolent Winds in the Sum- 
 
 cr 
 
 By reafon of the want of a fecurity for thefe tender 
 
 Greens and Plants ( whenexpofed abroad in Summer ) 
 
 we too often find the ill efeéts, and that many times 
 they fuffer more prejudice in twelve Hours time, than 
 they can afterwards recover in two Years, And in- 
 deed hitherto there have bin but few that fhelter them 
 at all in Summer, the event whereof has been, thac 
 what Strength they get one Summer they lofe the 
 next, and hereby are deprived of the opportunity of 
 making any {trong and vigorous Progrefs, 
 
 But if there is occafion for the ule of thefe#/palliers 
 foon, that is the firft or fecond Year after their being 
 Planted, then muft there be a {ubftanrial Frame ct 
 Wood made of feven, eight, or nine Foot high, the 
 diftances of the Pofts afunder to be according to the 
 
 length of the Rails which is commonly about eight 
 
 b 4. ! or 
 
 
 
% 
 
 xXiv Rules forthe 
 or nine foot long, and of an Epalier Frame of eigh 
 
 Foot high from the top furface of the Ground, in 
 which heighth of eight Foot, there may be 6 Rails, — 
 
 each Rail being about 17 Inches afunder,and the fame 
 Diftance from the Ground, as you may fee here pres 
 {crib’d. AS NE aT Pate Aap: nai 
 
 ‘ 
 
 - Thefe being the torm of the E/paliers, every one 
 may add to the Bignefs, Strength, or Beauty ofit as 
 he thinks fir. : © 
 
 If thefe Efpaliers be us'd in a Country where Tim- 
 ber is plenty, and ina Garden or part of a Garden 
 where itis not expeéted that the Wood work fhould 
 appear fine the firft and fecond Year, then this 
 Frame may be made and fet upof Poles cut out ofthe 
 Woods, of 4/b, or the like fort of Wood that will 
 fplit, provided it be ftrong. The higher you plant 
 4 i A m4 a) ae your 
 
 i 
 
 
 
it ali 
 _ ' 
 t. 
 | 
 | Ri, 
 
 “your Trees, the ftronger the Pos mult be ; and care 
 
 
 
 ftraight 
 
 defence of Gardens. = xxv 
 muft be taken that the Frame be fet upright, and 
 
 ® 
 
 But it is to be obferv’d, that in all the feveral fees 
 
 \ of Efpaliers, the Trees or Plants to be there Plauted 
 
 ought to be handfome bred Plants, and {uch as are ture 
 nifht with fide Bonghs, that they may he tyed to the 
 Rails, in order to caufe the Ejpallier to thicken the {oon- 
 er; and it is to be Noted, that where thefe Eypaliiers are 
 made in the middle of a Garden, that Lyme-Trees are ra- 
 ther more proper for this ufe, than E/ms, by reafon that 
 the Roots of Elm-Trees run over a great deal of Ground, 
 and injure moft Trees, or Plants that grow near them, 
 which the Lyme-Tree does not near fo much. | 
 The feveral forts of Trees that this E/pallier may be 
 made of, are thefe. i; | 
 
 ‘¢C Dutch, | 
 Ey, 3 Wich 
 | CEnglifh. 
 
 ‘Lyme. 
 
 Horn-beam Beach. 
 Maple. 
 
 Alder. 
 
 White thorn. 
 Privet. 
 
 - Spruce: Fir. } 
 Pines and Scotch Firs. 
 Laurel, 
 
 Holly. 
 Yew. 
 Apple: 
 Pear. 
 
 Any of thefe forts, if ingenioufly ordered and re- 
 gulated, as they ought to be, will anfwer the end 
 Peehganens ete foun dom 3 
 Ss : aed As 
 
 
 
xxvii Rules for the 
 
 Asto the Form thereof let it be an 
 Oblong, or long Square, like that re- 
 
 prefented in the Margent; and in 
 laying ‘out of irs Dimenfions om the 
 Ground, let the two longeft parallel 
 
 fides run North and Seuth, or therder | 
 
 abour,. 
 
 The largenefs and extent chives 
 
 muft be regulated and proportion’d,ac- 
 cording to the number of tender Greens 
 and Plants, which it’s defign’d to con-= 
 tain, always allowing proper diftances 
 in placing of them, and for Allies, 
 
 that there may be conveniency of 
 
 coming to Water and view them on 
 all Occafions. 
 
 ‘Now let it be conGdera Where thie 
 
 E/paltier ought to be placed, and if it 
 
 may be conveniently done, ‘let it be 
 at no very great diftance from the 
 Green-Houfe, (where they ftand in 
 
 Winter) for the better removing of - 
 them forward and backward: But if. 
 
 it cannot be fo ordered without 
 obftruGing of the decent View of the 
 Garden or Buildings, then place it in 
 fome other convenient part of the 
 Garden. 
 
 The next thing is to begin to mi 
 this E/pallier, in order to which, after 
 its Dimenfions are markt out, make a 
 Border an{werable thereto,which fhould 
 
 
 
 cee 
 
 be eight Foot wide, and well Trencht, two Foot 
 and a half, or three Foot deep; if the Ground be not 
 naturally good fo deep, it muft be made good, leaft 
 
 after the Trees have been planted fome Years, when 
 
 they 
 

 
 defence of Gardens. xxvii 
 they come to {trike Root deep, they pierce down to-a 
 Poor, Cold, Barren Earth, and are thereby exceedingly 
 hiadred in their Progrefs; If the Ground be natural- 
 "ly good, then only dig and trench it well, without 
 adding any compoft to better ir, 
 
 Thus far it’s fuppofed, that the form of this E- 
 pallier is agreed upon, as alfo the extent and largenefs, 
 and the Borders ready made, fo that all is ready for 
 Planting fuch Trees as fhall be judged moft requifite 
 for this Work, . 
 
 The feveral forts of Trees that are mentioned 
 . before. . 
 
 We will begin with the Elm,of which there are three 
 forts, viz. The Dutch, the Witch, and the Engiifh, 
 and are all fit for this purpofe; but the Durch and the 
 Witch, axe the greateft Growers, fhoot freeft, and 
 come fooneft to Perfedtion. 
 
 If it’s defign’d to make an Ejpallier to be ferviceable 
 the firft or fecond Year, then it will be requifite in 
 the firft place to make a Frame of Wood, or Rail, to 
 which the Trees muft be faften’d after they are plant- 
 ed, becaufe they muft be of a much larger fize than 
 thofe that areto grow up leifurely. 
 
 The Evms for this E/pallier, to. be ferviceable the 
 firft Year, muft be of two Sizes, the largeft fhould be 
 abouteight or tenF oct high,the leffer about four or five © 
 Foot high, to be good Brufhy Trees from Top to 
 bottom, as near as may be ; let them be Prun'd, but 
 fo thar the fide Boughs may remain, to be fpread out 
 -and faften’d by Withs to the Frame. 
 
 Thefe Trees muft be Planted in the Border in a 
 ftreight line, the largeft fize tobe at three Foot di- 
 ftance fromeach other, and between all the largeft 
 fize throughcur, plant one of the leffer fize, by 
 which means there will be Planted an equal number 
 of both fizes. | ) Avoid 
 
 
 
xxviii Rules for the | 
 
 Avoid Planting them too deep,i theGround be Moai 
 indeed you can hardly err in Planting of them fhallow. 
 - Lerthe Frame be made ftrong and fubftantial, and 
 of a fufficient Heighth, the Pofts fixed ftrongly to the 
 Ground; when the Trees are planted, and faften’d 
 to this Frame, they will grow more unitorm and 
 upright, and thick from topto bottom. They muft 
 be kept fheer’d and water'd on all Occafions. 
 
 But E/paltiers are to be made without a Frame ot 
 Wood to fupport it, and the Trees at firft Plant- — 
 ing, to be of a much f{maller fize, the largeft may 
 be five or fix Foot High, the lefler of four Foor, 
 Plant the largeft at three Foot afunder, and the 
 
 lefler fize between them as before,let them be Young _ 
 
 thriving Trees, and the fuller of Boughs the better, 
 but then the Boughs mult be cut off within an Inch, 
 two orthree of the Stem, and as they Grow to be of- 
 ven fheer’d or clipt; that they may grow upright and 
 appear uniform likea Wal], the Borders muft be kept 
 clean from Weeds, and carefully dugg every Year, 
 but not fo deep as to injure the Roots. 
 
 The Lyme or Linden Tree, (call it as you 
 pleafe) it ht for this ule, chufe two fizes, 
 let them be brufhy thriving Trees, the larg- 
 eft ize mzy be fix or feven Foot high, rhe lefler three 
 Foot high, to be planted in the fame Order and 
 diflance as the E’ms before mention’d, alio to be 
 Prun’d and Sheer'd like them, and the border flightly 
 
 dugg yearly. 
 
 Hornbeam and Beach, are inferior to 
 dh ae and none for an Bipalier, of thofe forts of 
 E/paliers. Trees that fhed their Leaves, and for 
 
 sO fome Reafons, may be preferr’d,as thus, 
 The Trees grow naturally very thick, and hold their 
 Leaves On the longeft of any. that fhed them, the 
 only Odjection againft them is, they cannot be plant- 
 ed {> largeas Elms or Lymes; but if the Plants be 
 
 rals 
 
 Lyme for 
 Ejpaliers. 
 
 
 

 
 on Ne ial ai adh aca al al 
 
 ‘ 
 
 defence of Gardens XXix 
 raisd from Seed, and have been tranfplanted, they 
 come freely away, and if carefully Planted and Water'd, 
 when neceflary, they will profper well, efpecially when 
 they arive to be five or fix Foot high, they will fhoot 
 away ftrongly every Year : Chufe two fizes,the largeft 
 of four sr ve Foot, the fmall of two or three Foot, 
 plant the largeft at eighteen Inches afunder, the fmall 
 between them, as before. a 
 
 Maple, if planted of young Sees will make 
 a good Hedge, and thickens well after Clip-  *4aple 
 ing. 
 : Alder fora wet or moift Ground, makes “Alder. 
 avery good Hedge. | 3 
 White thorn and Privet, moft People 
 know will make very good Hedges, 
 but then they will not admit of being 
 planted fo large as other Trees ;. but being planted 
 fmall Plants, and as they grow up to be yearly clipt 
 on the fides, they’l grow well without any Ejpalier 
 Frame to fupport them. But thefe and all thofe 
 plants that are planted {mall are nor for prefent fer- 
 vice, but muft have fome Years time before they can 
 be of any Ule. ; 
 We come now to {peak of the Spruce- 
 Fir for this Ufe, and indeed for fuch “P"#¢e Fer for 
 Perfons as can fecure their Oranges and Bipeger: 
 other tender Greens for fome few Years, till an 
 Efpallier hereof be grown up fit to receive them ié 
 willbe incomparable, and make avery beautiful and 
 nobleone ; if the Plants are Young they will thrive 
 very well, and may be'clipt with Sheers every Year 
 as they grow up; befides, by its beautifulnefs in ape 
 pearing Green all the Year, it has a great Advantage 
 over any of the former; | 
 The benefit and advantage of this fort of Fir is 
 more than any of the reft, by reafon that it will endure 
 cutting’ or clipping, better than the other forts of 
 : 0 Ae 
 
 White-Thorn 
 and Privete 
 
 
 
XXX Rules for the 
 Fir, and after clipping it thickens very er and is 
 for this ufe the beft fort of Ever-greens, for thefe two 
 Reafons. 
 
 Firft, 1i’s.a very fpeedy grower. 
 
 Secondly. It endures clipping well, and ipickone oe : 
 
 well after clipping. 
 ~The beft way to make this Fir Bipalier is thus, 
 make the Borders as before mention‘d of good arch, 
 the young Firs to be healthy, thriving Plants, of two 
 Sizes, let the largeft be three Foot and a half or four 
 Foot, the fmalleft of two Foot; the largeft’ fize 
 fhould be planted about eight Foot afunder, with the 
 imaller fize planted between them as before, they 
 mult be taken great care of for the three firft Years, 
 to water them and keep them clean from Weeds, but 
 in clipping of them, obferve, not to clip them juft 
 againit Winter, for thereby it caufes the Tree to look 
 rulty in the depth of Winter,. but if they areclipt a 
 little after Mid-Summer, they spacer of a lonely beau- 
 tiful Green. 
 The Pine Be Scotch ir, bioch thefe 
 Pine and are much of anature as to their growth, 
 eeer but are not fo requifite for E/paliers as the 
 for Efpaliers. a pagers as We 
 Spruce Fir, becaufe they will not endure 
 clipping fo-well, nor make fo regular a growth, as we 
 find by trial of fome of them in cur own Plantations 
 at Brompton Park. As for the fize and diftance of 
 Plausing, ufethe fame Method as for the Spruce: Fir, 
 Lawrel alfois not unfit for this purpole, 
 Laurel for if carefully planted, and the Scicwation 
 Ejpaliers. not too much expos ta the Winds;the 
 young Planrs may be of twonfizes, the 
 largeft about three or four foot high, to be planted at 
 three Foot diftance, and the fmalieftabour a Foot and 
 ahalf, to be planted between the largelt. It's @ 
 quick Grower. a0 
 The 
 
 
 

 
 defence of Gardens  oXxxi 
 
 ‘The Holy is a molt excellent. ‘Tree for , 
 making Ejpalers continues green allthe — Holly for 
 Winter, will grow exceeding thick, va- E/paliers. 
 lues not the Power of the fevereft Storms, 
 and may be brought into what thicknefs or form the 
 ProjeGter pleafes. | 
 The chieleft OdjeCtion againft it is , that it’s a flow 
 grower, but that’s only for the firft, fecond, or third 
 ‘Years after ’tis planted, till ic has taken ftrong Root 
 in the Ground; but if Time and Patience be allow’d 
 “all it be of fafficient Height, ic will make abuadant 
 ~Recompence. Great care muft be taken to get young 
 thriving Plants of two fizes, the largeft of one Fuor 
 _ andahalfhigh, and planred about two Foot afunder, 
 the lefler fize of nine Inches or a Foot high to be plan- 
 ted between the large fize as before ; if the young 
 Plants be good and carefully tended, water’d and clipr, 
 and the Borders flightly dug every Year, they will 
 fhoot away very faft, efpecially after they arrive to be 
 four or five foor high, as for example, in the Hedges 
 of our Plantation at Brompron Park, they have advanced 
 ‘two Foot, and two Foot and ahalfinone Year. 
 As for Yews to make E/paliers, when 
 ‘ they are carefully planted and well or- Tew for 
 ‘deéted, and time and patience allow’d — */palters. 
 "all an E/palier hereof comes to perfecti 
 on, it makes a noble,firm and durable one, and for this 
 ufe willexcel the beft Brick Wall, the young Plants 
 may be of the fame fize as thofe ofthe Holly before 
 mention'd, and manner of planting the fame; they 
 muft be clipt every Year, and waterd on occafions, 
 and kept clean from Weeds. 
 - Apples and Pears come now to be fpoken 
 to, ‘and fome of them are fit enough for Apples and 
 this purpofe,the fizes which they ough eke 
 ewe re ney OUgAl  yfpaliers. 
 tobe of may be thus, the largeft fize to 
 be Tall Standards, the fmaller Gize to be Dwarfs, or 
 good 
 
 
 
xXx Rules for the aS 
 
 good bufhy young Trees 5 the tall ones may be plan= | 
 ted about four or five Foot afunder ; thefe with care 
 
 and good management will grow without a Frame of 
 
 Wood,bu: in this, as in all others, it muft be granted, 
 
 thar they are better with a Frame of Wood than with-- 
 out. If a Frarne be made, let .the fide Boughs be 
 
 faftned tothe Rail 5 let the fmall Dwarf Trees be plant- 
 
 ed between them as before. _ 
 
 It will be neceffary in making of this E/paler of 
 Apples and Pears to chufe {uch forts of them as do na 
 rurally afpire and grow upright, for there are fome of 
 beth forts that are inclin’d co grow otherwife, Amongft 
 the Apples the Golden Pepin may be chofen. 
 
 This Efpalier may have one advantage over the 
 former forts, which is by its producing of Fruit every 
 Year, and islikewife very ufeful forthe bounding our 
 Kitchen Gardens from the fight of Walks or Gardens of 
 ~ Pleafure. As forthe prover forts of this ufe, it’s be ft 
 tocon{ult with fome ingenious Nurfery Man, who will 
 make choice of fuch as fhall be fic for this purpofe. 
 
 If an Efpalier be made of Apples and Pears without 
 a Frame of Wood, the Trees mult be {maller, and of 
 fuch fize as is directed for the Elm. | 
 
 Perhaps it may be thoughr neceflary to add a Word 
 or two as to what Afpect the entrance into this E/palier 
 oughttobe ; hut herein every one may do ashe fhall 
 think moit proper, with reference to the place where | 
 it ftands. | | 
 
 But fome will obj. 
 
 Is nota Brick Wall fooner made, more fubftantial, 
 durabie, and more effectual for this ufe than any of the 
 former. me. 
 
 In anfwer to which, The principal defign of thefe 
 E,paliers is to deaden the violence of Winds, that-. 
 the tender Greens ard Plants which are encompafied 
 by them may be ferene and quiet, and Experience 
 ‘tells us, that the belt Brick or Stone Wall, will * = 
 
 | € 
 
 
 

 
 — - 
 { ¢ “fh 
 
 Defence of Gardens. > —-Xxiii 
 feet- this, for Walls being compa and clofé builr, 
 fave a ftrong Power to repulfe and beat back the 
 Forcé of violent Winds, to the great detriment of 
 whatfoever is tender that grows near them, being_ 
 fometimes rent in Pieces. But the moft tempeftuous — 
 Winds beating againft thefe E/paliers; efpecially if 
 imadé of Sprute-Fir, Holy, or Yew, they gently give 
 way to its Force, without any manner of repulfe, 
 and hereby all tender Greens and Plants encompafied 
 
 by themr are fafe and fecure. 
 But thofé that defign to make an E/palier of any 
 of the five forts of Greens before mention’d, and can- 
 fot ftay till they are grown up, but want a prefent 
 fecurity for their tender Greens; herein the beft 
 Way will be, as’ we have tryed and found by Ex- 
 perience )'to proceed thus. Firft lay our the Dimen= 
 fions for the faid Efpalier of Ever Greens, make the 
 Borders’ as before direéted to thofe Dimenfions, 
 Which plant ae the proper Seafon with Sprucé-Firs, 
 or other foremention’d hardy Greens, to the out- 
 botinds' of which all round, draw Parallel Lines 
 to the feVeral fides, 18 Foot diftant from it, and 
 here make another Border all round, and make a 
 Frame of Wood as is before directed: After which 
 Plant this Border with large Elms or Lymies, or any 
 of the beforemention’d Trees that thed their Leaves 
 The fize and manner of Plaviting’ thetn is mention d 
 before more at large; tho’ for this ufe, the larger 
 the Trees, and the higer the Frame, better. 
  ‘Thefe large Trees will form themfelves chick with 
 their Leaves; the firlt and fecond Year, and afterwards 
 will to continue, and’ are of préat ufe. rill the E/palier 
 of Ever-gréens is grown up of a fufficient Heigth, co 
 be afeciiticy of irfelf, alter which the faid B/ms or 
 | Lymes way be taken up, and Planted ellewhere, in 
 
 fomeé pldée’ not’ far off, either to make a View, or 
 forne other proper place'of Shade hear to Houles; =~ 
 
 
 
xxxiv. .» Rales hail the 
 
 And now as to what has here been humbly iffcs'd, 
 it may poffibly be thought to proceed from {ome 
 referve of felf intereft, to thofe of our Profeffion.. 
 
 To this we anfwer. 
 
 hat fince the © fixccefs of our Induftry Ay dacto hath 4 
 Ejtablitht usa Reputation, amongft fo many NobleAnd 
 Worthy Perfons as have been pleafed to make ufe of our 
 Service, we have no caufe atall to apprehend the lofs 
 of the continuance of their favour and good Opinions, 
 or any need to feek it by mean and deceitful ways. 
 
 Thofe who will but confider with what Freedom — 
 and Plainnefé we have endeavour'd to lay down the 
 DireGions we here Recommend, willfoon, and in 
 Juftice too, abfolve us of any unworthy. defign, or ° 
 other than what is for the Publick Good; fince there 
 cou'd not be indeed a readier way to ruin our Repu- — 
 tation, than thro’ our filence ro {uffer Gentlemen, the 
 noble Patrons and Encouragers of our Labourers (and 
 who have been at fo great Charge and Pains to Culti- 
 vate and Adorn their Gardens) to want the beft Dire- 
 cions we can give ; or a better to preferve our Credic 
 with them,than by ‘difcovering to all the World what | 
 (not by Conjedture only, but by long Experience, 
 -and our own many Years diligent Obfervation,) we | 
 
 find ihe belt Expedients to RFE and cain aia them 
 in their Beauty. 
 
 Ic really grieves us more to fee a Garden of Guiis 
 ous Plants mifcarry,thro’ any of thofe deftrudtive Ac- 
 cidents we have mention’d,than any advantage which, — 
 may be thought to Accrue to us, by the {upplies that 
 are daily, ferch'd from our Magazines and Nurfériess 
 td repait and furnifh whar is loft, : can be the eaft 
 fatisfaction to us: It being our beft and only true.in- 
 teteft, ‘that all we do fhould profper ; from fuch in- 
 rile it is we are fure. to Thrive with. the 
 
 Favour 
 
 
 

 
 Defence of Gardens. xxxy 
 
 Favour and Good Will of thofe who are pleafed ro 
 employ us,and make good ufe of thefe DireCtions with. 
 a Bleffing tromabove. If Planting be undertaken in 
 Youth, with what pleafure may a Perfon view the 
 fucceffive growths of his Induftry, and in his own 
 time behold his new Plantation in much Maturity, and 
 then not only will a Refleétion be grateful, but this 
 Accommodation delightful. ey 
 
 To Conclude, All we have here faid relating to 
 Efpailiers, and of their great ufe and Benefit, we a- 
 gain Recommend to fuch as would enjoy the moft 
 Noble and Inftru&tive Ornament of a Garden in varie- 
 ty of Greens, and preferve them in a flourifhing Con- 
 dition. How contrary it is to our Inclination that a- 
 ny fhould Mifcarry, we hope we have ingenucufly 
 declared, in our giving the plaineft Dire€tion for their 
 Prefervation, grounded on long Experience, which 
 we as freely Communicate, as we fhal] farther do, if 
 this meets with Reception and Encouragement. 
 
 
 
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 ft 
 
 
 
 OF... 
 FRUIT-GARDENS, 
 | AND 
 
 Kitchen-Gardens.: 
 
 eae ts 
 
 
 
 CHAP. I, andi. - 
 | That a Gard'ner ought to be well skill'd inthe 
 Culture of Fruit and Kitchen*Gardens. 
 
 always acting either for good or ill, accord- 
 ing tothe good or ill Conduét of their Mafter; 
 fo they feldom fail, either to recompence the Diligent 
 and Ingenious, or feverely to punifh the Lazy 
 _and Unskilful. ‘There is daily fome new thing to 
 be done, as to Sow, Plant, Prune, Pallifades to 
 fee Plants grow, Legumes Imbelifh, Trees Blof 
 fom, Fruit Koitting, then Thickning, Colouring, 
 Ripening, and at laft to gather them; . and yet this 
 fo neeeflary a Skill is not {o extremely difficult, as 
 tis generally thought to bee For having had the 
 Honour of being near Thirty two Years Direétor of 
 allthe Fruic and Kitchen-Gardens of the Royal Fami- 
 ly, 1 do affirm, for the fatisfaQtion of the Ingenious, 
 that ‘iis very eafie to attain to . much Knowledge 
 . oie 
 
 } S Gardens feem to be in a perpetual motion; 
 
 
 
ge SF Te a: ee — & te be Be 
 SOR SS aa ee Sees ee ee 
 
 ee Ee Se an aed ‘ 7S eee ae 
 A if te a ‘a ae f 
 
 in a Condition. of enjoying their wilhes ; provided due 
 attention be given to the following Rules. 
 
 The Firft relates to the Quality of the Ground, its P| 
 neceflary depths, Tillage, and Amendments, andthe. 
 
 ordinary Modeling, of ufeful.Gardens, 
 
 The Second. congerns. the. Choice of Trees welliqua- 
 
 lified, either in or out of the Nurferies, the Names of 
 the principal Kinds of Fruits.of every Seafon, to be 
 able to diftinguifh them, and what number of each the 
 
 compafs of his Garden may require. "Co know how to 
 
 prepare the Heads. and Roots of ‘T'vees. before they be 
 put into the ground again, to place them at a conveni- 
 ent .ditance, and in a good expofure, and ther to 
 know (if not all) yer at leat the. Principal Rules of 
 Pruning, either as'to Dwarfs, or Wall-Trees, How 
 
 to pinch off fome Branches that are over vigorous, — 
 
 to Pallifade fuch. as require it, to tim fuch ufelels 
 
 give every one the Beauty they are capable of. 
 
 The Third relates to the making of Fruit grow 
 Large, and Beautiful, to gather them predentifjeud 
 eat them feafonably. 
 
 The: Fourth relates to Grafts on all forts of Fruit 
 Trees, whether in’ Gardens, or Nurferics, both as to 
 time, and manner of applying them. 
 
 The Fifth relates to. the general Conduct of Kitch- 
 
 - Budds and Sprigs as caufe confafion; and laftly, to 
 
 en-Gardens,. efecially to underftand'the pleafure and 
 profit they may yield, in’ every) Month: af aabie 
 
 Year. 
 Thefe Articles not being many, ite Cositiva may 
 
 in a little time be fully: initrudted: by the oe 
 i cid | v oH 
 
 hi tat 
 
 “ 
 
 
 
 2 __. The Complete Gardner. Vole ft. — 
 as is reafonably neceflary for the Curious, either to. | 
 avoid what might perplex them, or at leaft pur them 
 
 CHAR Ff 
 wee Fig %' 
 

 
 Vol. I. The Complete Gard nere a ee 
 ae ee 
 Ap Mbrideinent of ihe Maxims of Gard pee 
 ig | Firft ARTICLE. 
 a The Rbalifasio of the Earth or Soil. 
 
 “7 HE Soil of a Garden is known to be good for 
 Fruit: Trees, | 
 
 1, When all which the ground produceth of it 
 felf, orby Tillage, is Beautiful, Vigorous, and A- 
 bundant ; nothing poor or {mall, which fhould be 
 flrong , or yellow, which fhould be green: 
 2, When in ifmelling to a handful of Earth, it 
 givesno illfcent. , 
 : KS When ‘tis eafie to Till, not over ftrong, or 
 if | 
 4. When you handle it, is mellow, without be- 
 ing too dry and light like Turf Earth, or like ground ° 
 altogether Sandy: fr 
 
 5. Whien ’tis not oversmoift, like Marfhy ground; 
 or too hard, like Loomy ground, which is often‘at 
 the bottom of good Meadows, coming near to the 
 nature of ftiff Clay. 
 
 6. Laftly, asto the Colour, it muft be chiefly of 2 
 blackifh gray, and yet there’sfome redifh that dees 
 very well; never faw any. both very white and 
 good. 
 
 Second ARTICLE. 
 Of the Depth of the Ground. 
 
 TF the top appears good, you muft have three foot 
 deep @f the fame Eaith, which is very material, 
 ie Ba and 
 
 he 
 
 
 
a The Camplete Gard'ne. Vol, 1. 
 
 and of which you ought to be pretty well aflured, by — | 
 
 _ founding the ground in five or fix places, ’tis a great 
 Esrot «ih be fatishied with lefs depth for Trees. — 
 
 Third A RTIC iB oh 
 Of Tillages. 
 
 IHape the oftner made, the better for Trees; 
 
 **“ there maft be at leaft four yearly,esz. 
 Arche Spring, digging or ftirring with Poll, 
 “ At Midfurmer by cleanfing and tirring the furface 
 
 “ of the ground. 4 
 
 © At the end of Aagujt, the fame as at Midfnmer, 
 
 “ and jut before Winter, by well digging, and clean- 
 “ fing the ground from Weeds. 
 
 * Belides chefe Rirrings, or diggings, its fupposd 
 “that the ground be clear’d from Weeds, as often as 
 “need requires, It muft never be unmanur’d, nor 
 “ trampled, nor beaten. | 
 
 *Small Planes, as Strawberries, Lettice, Succo- 
 
 ry, ec: mruaft be often Weeded. 
 
 Fourth AR TICLE. 
 DireBiens for Amendments. 
 
 LLL forts of Rotten Dung are excellent for 
 
 groundsusd for Kitchen-Garden- Plant: ,Sheeps 
 
 Dung when rotten, is good for moft forts of tender 
 Plants. 
 
 * But it and moft forts of Dung are of the greateft 
 “ufe toall Plantations of Fruir-Trees, and a general 
 ‘amendment, if thus apply’d, wiz. That is, on 
 “ fenc’d Borders, againft Walls, in Dwarf: Plaatati- 
 “ons, or in Nurferies, and fiach like, which requires 
 “amendment, the ground to be dugg, or locteted 
 « with Forks in Augaft, September, or OGcber, accord~ 
 
 6: 
 
 INE 
 
 
 

 
 — Vol. I. The Complete Gardner. 
 f ‘ing asa moilt Seafon fhall offer ie felf; after which, — 
 ‘lay on the feveral: forts of Dung, Sand, Challr, Sea= 
 *Coal Afhes, 9c. as fhall be mof proper for the 
 ‘nature of the Soil. ‘Fhefe Dungs being thus hid 
 *on, and fpread abroad, the Winter Rains and Fralts 
 * wil! wafh ic into the ground, to nourilh moft pare 
 *of the Roots, and render the Earth healthy, and all 
 ‘Trees or Plants growing thereon, will receive the 
 “fall benefir thereof. And we are moft certain that 
 *by this fort of Improvement, one Load will do 
 “more good, than two Load us’d the common way 
 “of laying it on the ground,and Digging and Trench- 
 *ing of it ina foot or more under ground. There is 
 “near London, 2 fort of Street»Soil, fo call'd, becaufe 
 *it’s the cleanfing of the Streets, wherei there is a 
 “great deal of Sea-Coal-Afhes; this fort of Soil is of 
 “very great ufe, with a litle rotten Horfe-Dung, or 
 *Neats Dung mixt, and laid on Land as aforefaid, 
 * efpecially for all ftiff and wec Land, it makes great 
 ‘improvement, for it contains a great quantity of 
 * Salt in it, by which it much enricheth the Soil, and 
 * hollows all ftiff and wet Land, whereby the Water 
 *pafleth thro’ the freer. 
 
 Fith ARTICLE. 
 
 YH E beft and moft convenient difpofition of 
 Fruit and Kitchen-Gardens, is in well regulated 
 Squzres, fo that if poffible, the length may exceed 
 the breadth. | The breadth of the Walks mutt be pro- 
 portioned to the length and extent of the Garden,the. 
 narroweft not lefs than fix or feven foor, the reft in 
 Squares, not to exceed fiften or twenty Fathom, or 
 thirty or forty yards on one fide, toa littl more 
 or lefs onthe other; they. will be very well often 
 er twelve Fathoms on one fide, to fourteen or fifteen 
 onthe other; common Paths for fervice, ought to 
 
 B3 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
6 The Sense Cod ohT Vol: b | 
 be about two Foor. No Kitchen-Garden can fucceed 
 | ii seat of gern: 4 
 
 Sixth ARTICLE, 
 
 “WRees fr for Pl anting muft have a ita thining 
 
 Bark, Shoots long and vigorous; found Roots, 
 
 and proportionate to the Stem, not too hairy, ftreighr, 
 and of one Stem. 
 
 Seventh ARTICLE. 
 
 © prepare a Tree for Planting, take off all the” 
 hairy Roots, if they be dry, or dead, if nor, 
 leave fome ; preferve a few thick ones, but cheifly the 
 youngeft and beft,which havea more _redith and lively 
 colour than the old ones, and muft be Prun ’d reafona- 
 bly thort,only the bruis’d ends cut off on the lower fide, 
 according to their thicknef:. In Dwarfs let the longeft 
 ~  bernot above eight or nine Inches, in. high Standards 
 about’ a foot. If Roots.be not bruis’d in taking up, 
 it’s better to leave them longer; more may beallowd 
 to Mulberries and Cherry-T'rees; weak Trees, 
 according to their tkickne{s, may have three or four 
 Inches. ‘If there be five or fix Roots ffreading — 
 “ equally - about eheic font, sad well plac’d; «tis 
 ; enuigh 
 
 Eighth ARTI GE: 
 
 N order to plant well, you thould chile Rive, wea~ 
 
 ther, to the end that the Earth, i dry, mney 
 ‘eafily fill ‘up between the Roots, ~ 
 
 ‘Fhe:time to Plant Fruit-Trees,and all other Trees 
 that lofe their Leaves) which are equally a | 
 i . : 3; om 
 
 
 

 
 al 
 
 Vol. L The vllatpls Gard? 4 
 from the ead of September, to the beginning of March, 
 and fometimes both fooner and later. ‘In wer 
 _ © ground, the. Spring 18 pecs than September, or. 
 Ss O&ober. 
 © Lee nor the end of the Root WeTabeben otk in 
 “the ground, cover the upper part of the Root with 
 * about eight Inches of Mould, then apply half rotren 
 * Dung thereon, laying on that afmali quantity of — 
 ‘Earth, ‘after which, apply Fern, Litter, or Straw 
 ‘thereon, which will keep the Roots warm in Win- 
 ‘ter, and moift in Summer. After the two. Roots 
 ‘ate Prun’d, cut the Stem to its defigned length, be- 
 “fore you Plant j Hiei 
 _ The’ propertion of the heighth of the Body of the 
 Dwarf may be from’ 8 to 18 Inches. 
 * High Standards about 6 or 7 foot, in all Soils; ler 
 none of the Roots iticline ftraight downwards, bury if 
 poffible, {preading on each fide. 
 Trampling or treading fpoils {mall Trees, but is 
 neceflary to great ones, to fecure them againft the 
 ‘inds, | 
 Set not too fede ipany didnd efpecially in wee 
 ground, the fhallower the betrer, and tail: little Hills 
 ‘above the Roots, as beforedirected. © 
 Wall-Trees muft’ be diftane’d by’ chs goodnefs of 
 ‘the Earth, and height of the Wall): :lf the Walls 
 are 12 foot high, let’ one Tree fhoor up to garnifh the 
 top, between two to garnifh the bottom, Plantings 
 _ them within 5 or 6 foot of each othe¥. But for Walls 
 _ of 6 or 7 foot high, the Trees may By F lantca at a 
 | bout 9 foot diftance. . 
 
 ~ Niath’ ay RTICLE. 
 
 HIS relating all to Basie: is feted to 
 the Fourth Part, which Treats largely on that 
 Subjech 
 
 
 
 Ba Tenth 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
8 The Complete Gardner, Vol.I. | 
 Tenth ARTICLE. 
 
 A to Ejpaliers or Wall-Fruits,the Branches ought 
 to be Pallifado’d or fpread about May, by an 
 orderly difpofing of the Branches to the right and 
 left, which incline to each fide to avoid confufion, as 
 alfo in refpeét of Barrennefs, and to avoid croffing 
 
 one another. But Barrennefs being the greateft defect, 
 
 Croffing muft not be {crupled, when Barrennefs can- 
 not otherwife be avoided. 
 
 Preferve all the fine Brancheswhich Peach-Trees 
 
 fhoot out, unlefs they prove fo numerous as to caufe 
 confufion. However, if neceffity requre, cut clofe 
 fome of the moft unruly Branches; likewife take away 
 the Branches of falfe Wood, which fometimes grow 
 in the front of Pear Wall: ree) as wellas thofe 
 growing in the middle of Dwarfs, which is call‘d she 
 
 ‘Trimming of Budds, or ufelefs Branches. 
 
 Eleventh ARTICLE. 
 “T ‘HIS relatesro the gathering, laying up, and 
 
 ordering in the Store-houfe, fuch Fruit as 
 do not ripen upon the Trees for which Ireferr you 
 to the Tieatifes upon this Subjedt, which are the 
 7th, 8thy and gth Chapters of the 5#b Book. 
 
 Twelfth ARTI CLE. 
 
 VHIS Article being only of Grafts, and Nurfe- 
 
 __ ries,the Reader is referr’dto the 1124 Chapter 
 
 ofthe sth Book, where the. Author Difcourfes at 
 large on thele balgt ce 
 
 : Thirteenth 
 
 
 
f 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 
 
 wea 
 
 Vol. l The Complete Gardur. 
 
 ry 
 
 i 
 
 Thirteenth AR TICLE. 
 
 “HIS relates to Kitchen. Gardens, and the works 
 ‘of every Seafon, which is alfo referr’d to the 
 1ft, 2d, and 2d Chapters of the 6¢h Part where the 
 
 Reader will find feveral ufeful Calendars, and Alpha- 
 
 bets of works to be done, relating to the Provifions 
 
 for, and Products of every Month in the Year. 
 
 
 
 CHAP. IV. 
 
 F this the Author makes no other ufe, than to 
 write a Oy yep hae of the feveral 
 Qualifications requifire to a good Gard’ners all 
 which may be fumm’d up into the following fhore 
 
 Character, Viz. 
 
 He fhould be neither too Old, nor too Young, 
 Vigorous and Active, of good Capacity and Experi- 
 ence, of known Diligence and Honefty, of good 
 Nature and Affability ; and no doubt but thefe Qua- 
 lifications will recommend him to any Perfon of Qua- 
 lity. / ; 
 The End of the AbftraE of the Firft 
 
 Part. 
 
 
 
 ez! 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ane ‘s te bey Pa ag eee " a ae 
 he ees ‘ bh ae ; ma aie OG 
 ; ; t 
 
 | fe) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 me Bs in“ > +9 
 TEL ek oe 
 
 OF 
 
 a: ay 
 
 g, 
 
 
 
 i 
 ; 
 j 
 | 
 
 A, 
 
 ‘FRUIT. GARDENS i 
 
 AND 
 
 Kitchen-Gardens. 
 
 
 
 
 
 VOL. PART. th 
 
 1, Of the Conditions Hii Ba to'a pred Fra 
 and Kirchen-Garden. 
 2. Of Earth in General. . 
 ~ 3. How to Corre& the Defets in Gibeens ready 
 
 made. 
 4. Of Cultivating Gardens, with an account of the 
 
 Soil proper for each fort of Fruit, . 
 
 I ‘Shall here Treat of Fotis’ Things. 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 
 : CH Ape | 
 Of the Conditions neceffary to a good Garden, 
 
 HE Ground muft be good, whatever the 
 Coloar be. 
 2. ‘Phe Situation mut be favourable. 
 3A good Conveaience for Water. 
 4. Tne Ground to be upon a {mull Rifiog. 
 
 5+ OF 
 
 st i “come wa ¥ ol. v | 
 
 
 
 - 
 ey aes ee ee — ee he ae = * 
 — : 2S a a ee et ALES pRB 0 + Same o 
 
ES he sg Uiieal Nola Ri ta ilies sal a se ane ell i ak GO Oe ll ad 
 
 Vol. 1. ‘The Complete Gard’ner, 11 
 _ §. Ofan agreeable Figure, and good entrance, 
 6. Enclos’'d with reafonable high Walls. 
 7. The accefs to be.eafie and convenient. | 
 Let us now try whether thefe Articles, and the 
 execution of them, be grounded upon fufficient Rea- 
 
 fon. 
 
 
 
 
 
 CHAP. I. 
 Of Earth in General. — 
 
 O contrac our Author’s many diftin€tions of 
 _ Sandsand Earth, we fhallreduce them to Five 
 General Heads. mer | 
 
 Thofe that are moderately fat, unctuous, and ftick- 
 ingtogether, make ftrong Earth. 
 
 _ Others more inclining to it are Loomy Earth, fuch 
 as are extreme unctous make Clayey and heavy Earth, 
 unfit for Culture. 
 
 OF thefe fome are black, red, white, and grey, 
 but Colour is not very effential to the goodnefs ot 
 Soil, as we fhall prove hereafter. eg 
 _ The fourth is of the feveral forts of light and Sandy, 
 which are of a hollow nature, and very proper towards 
 the meliorating and manuring the heavy Earth before. 
 mention d, | Ng 
 
 The Firft is of a Sandy, Limy nature, in which gee 
 “nerally {peaking moft Trees thrive beft , and if it has 
 a {mall mixture ofStones in it,we find no injury in 
 that, but rather a benefit to the Roots of the Trees 
 therein Planted. 
 
 The large Cherry-Trees of the Vale of Mount 
 Morancy, and the fine Plumb-Trees of the Hills of 
 Moudon, inform: what Soil is proper for Cherries, 
 and what for Plumbs.. Sometimes ina {mall compals 
 of ground there are veins of Earth extremely diffe- 
 rent ; for Wheat grows well in many places, nee 
 
 ClO1e 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
EF ten Van ti 
 Al Shake 
 
 13 The Pale Gardivet ‘Voi L wa 
 clofe by ‘perhaps: the gtound i is fit only for Rye, and 
 fo likewife for Grapes, and other Fruits. And many 
 
 things fuceed well in England , which will not thrive 
 i France; And {o on the Contrary. 
 
 
 
 CHAP. HiT. 
 
 Of the neceffary Conditions requifi te to a good 
 | Aart he 
 
 Ts production muff be vigorous, and numerous 
 2. tt muft eafily recover it felf, when worn out. 
 2° It muft have no ill rate, or fer in ite. 
 4. It mult be at leaft 2 foot indepth. 
 
 Bs Free from great ftones, and eafie ro Tih 
 
 6. Neither too moift ner too dry. 
 
 Which Maxims I explain in the following Sections 
 V; 
 
 ‘ri The Firft proof of a good Earth is, when of 
 it felf it produceth Trees having vigorousand nume- 
 rous Branches, where the Plants grow with large thick 
 Leaves, and the Trees grow up in few years, 
 
 Secondly. ‘Fhe fecond proot of good Earth ts, that 
 it eafily repairs what injuries it fhall recetve by great 
 Droughts, great Moifture, or long Nourifhment of 
 Foreign Plants, tho’ much depends upon the firwation,. 
 Therefore take it as a Maxim, thar no Earth can be 
 faid co be good, which fhews not its Fertility by irs 
 Produ€tions, and is Hkewifé able to recover it’ felf 
 when brought low. ‘Thefe are the Earths for Fruit- 
 Gardens. As for Kitchen-Gardens, I do grant, thar 
 having a full fupply of Dung, Lei Water, the a 
 duftrious Gard’ner may do Miracles. — 
 
 Toirdly. The goodnefi of the Earth does alfo com- 
 fit in having neither {mell, nortafte 5 fince all our — 
 
 Fruits and Legnnes: will infallibly: ve tainted. with — 
 whatever 
 
 
 

 
 Vol. I. The Gomplete Gardner); 3 
 whatever is ill or unfavoury in that kind; a convin- 
 - cing proof of which, are thofe Wines that tafte of the 
 
 Soil. 
 
 The tafte and fell may be tried by {melling toa 
 handful of it, or foaking itin Water, and ftraining ic 
 thro’ a Linen Cloth. 
 
 Legumes require not fo much nicety, bétanls the boy- 
 ling throws off what might be unpleafing to the tafte. 
 
 Fourth, A farther enquiry into good Earth, is to 
 found the depth of the ground, to try if it be ar leatt 
 - 3 foot of as good Mold at the topis; and if ( wich 
 Jeng uwfe ) this Karth become almoft worr out, you 
 may recover tt, by throwing what lay at the bottom 
 ap tothe t 
 "Without this choice of futhcient depth of Earth, 
 your “Trees and Legumes will grow yellow and fick. 
 many of them perifh, and after five or fix years pati- 
 ence, when you expect the benefi’, you'l be oblig’d 
 to be at the expence of a new Blativarion, 
 
 fiftby, A goodEarth,withour being too light,oughe 
 to beealic to Cultivate, pretty tree fram great Stones 3 
 éf there’s but afew, they dolittle or no harm. 
 
 Light Moulds do very much multiply the Roots of 
 Plants, by drinking in the Rains, and Watering, and - 
 makes cafie paflage for the Roots to run in; they are 
 alfo eafily impregnated and kept warm by the Sun, 
 and confequently quick in production 
 
 Earth which is too flrong and cuts like Loomy 
 or {tiff ground, is apt toclofe and grow hard, to 
 fach a degree, that Rains or Watering will fcarce 
 foak into them; fuch Earth is naturally inclia‘d to 
 rottennefs, is ea and bacxwards in productions, 
 
 Keeps a continual moifture at bottom, apt co {plit and 
 crack in great heats, iafomuch that they are incapa- 
 ble of Culture, prejudicial to Trees and Plants that 
 have newly taken Root, by uncovering fome, and 
 breaking others, : 
 ut 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
iA Thi Complete Gard’ ners Vol L 
 
 ‘But all fuch Grounds as are fo ftiff, are-pernicious — 
 
 £to Trees, without care be taken, which in all Plant- 
 ‘ing ought to be very high ( nay rather ) on the top of 
 
 “che Ground, than init, raifing a fufficient quantity. . : 
 
 “Sof good Earth to the Roots of each Tree, fo that - 
 “when the Roots of the Trees fhoot, they have the 
 “benefit of the beft Birth that lies onthe top of the 
 *Ground, and are not confia'd in the wet Earth 
 ‘which the nature of the ground produces, as they 
 
 “would be when planted low in all thofe forts of 
 © Grounds. But there isan excellent Method for Ma= 
 
 * nuring and Meliorating of fuch Grounds, by digging — 
 
 ‘it up in the Winter, and laying on a Coat of a cer- 
 “tain fort of Dung call’d Street-Soil 5 as is explain’d 
 
 “more at largein 5th Page of the Firt Part. 
 
 -_ We come now to the Cure of the defects of an 
 
 Earth too light and dry, 
 
 The Firft Expedient is to remove as stiieh of that 
 Sandy Earth as will amount to 3 foot deep, and af- ~ 
 terwards fill chat up with as good Earth as youcan . — 
 get, of a fliffer nature, with a good mixture of Cow- i 
 Dung. : 
 © As forthe removing of fuch dry Earth as the An ‘- 
 ® thor defcribes, undoubtedly the Dire&tions maybe * 
 
 © good for a Prince’s Pocket ; but this being defign’'d 
 
 ‘for the publick good, and far the ufe of all honeit 
 ©Country Gentlemen, it may be accomplifh’ d without 
 
 “that Charge; viz. In bringing i Ina certain quan 
 = tity of more folid Earth mixt with Cow-dung, to 
 © mix with the other Earth, which will conduce much 
 
 *to the improvement of ith =. | 
 
 The Second is to keep the Cultivated Places lee . 
 what lower than the Walks, that the Water which 
 falls upon them, may run into that Ground. | 
 
 Or, Thirdly, throw into thofe Cultivated Places all 
 “the Snow which fhall happen to lie upon the Walks, 
 _and other parts near at hand, during the W iter. a 
 
 e 
 
 
 
Cnt ee SF PAE ot A eo ae ee ae ee > gale : -) eee. aye ™ | lant 
 : Do) al a 3 ; 
 
 Vol. I. The pens Gard’ ners Ae 
 
 Thefe Experimenrs we have perfuaded our Friends 
 to practife, with great fuccels. 
 
 Sometimes. therelies water about three foot under= 
 ground, as it commonly happens at the bottoms of 
 Vales, or where there lies a good black Sand; this 
 water is naturally raifd tothe top, always keeping 
 the Earth in good temper for production. Whereas 
 on the.contrary, water lying within a foot, or fomee 
 what more, being there ftopt by Chalk, Stone, or 
 Riff Clay , if fome way be: not found to difcharge 
 this water, the Soil will grow cold, rotten, and ftark — 
 
 nought. — 
 
 In Cold Countries light Earth is to be preferr’d, be- 
 caufe ’tis made warm by a {mall Heat; but oa the. con- 
 trary in Hot Countries, a {trong fat Soil is beft, the 
 heat not foeafily penetrating, or drying up the Plants 
 
 Therefore bappy are they who pitch upon a fertile 
 Soil, without tafte, fufficiently deep, moderately 
 light, pretty free from ftones, neithcr too trong and 
 moift, nor too light and. ; 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 CHAP.. IV. 
 Of other Terms usd in difcourfing of Earth. 
 Of worn-out. Earth. 
 
 He moft Fruitful Earth will in time be worn 
 
 out by the multitude of its productions , I 
 
 mean fuch as are forced upon it: but where it bears 
 what is only natural and voluntary, as the ground of 
 a good Meadow, it fuffers no detriment; but when 
 you go about to force it to produce Saint-boin, 
 Wheat, or any Grain that is a ftranger tot, you'll 
 foon find it to flacken and abate ofits Crop, and in the 
 end grow poor, and want help to pat it into o heart 
 aprine | ey A 
 
 
 
CONE Se pe eae” 8 a re 
 
 oh 
 
 | Mins: a 
 
 16 ‘The Complete Gardner: Vol.1; 
 All Earth according to the difterent quantities and 
 kinds of Salt wherewith it abounds, fhoots forth fe- 
 veral different kinds of Plants, fometime3 altogether — 
 and at the {ame time: witnefsthe ground of good 
 Meadows. The like may be {aid of Grounds long 
 us’d for Vineyards, Woods, Forefts, Orchards, ec. 
 which when déftroy’d, we cannot expect that they 
 fhould fucceed again with the fame Plants, becaufe 
 itstoo much wafted. But it may do well for fmaller 
 Plants, as Pot-Herbs, Peafe, Beans, ©c. In this 
 the Gard’ner muft fhew his skill, in knowing what 
 Plants fhould fucceed each other. But if he fhould 
 be oblig’d to Plant new Trees, in the room of others ~ 
 
 that are dead, then there is fome work to be done; ~~ 
 
 of which hereafter. The manner of imploying Earth 
 you will find more at iarge in the Treatife of Kit- 
 éhen- Gardens. 
 
 Of Fallow- Earth. 
 
 Fallow, or Earth that lies at reft, is fuch as is left 
 unemploy’d, in order to recover and re-eltablifh its 
 former fruitfulnefs ; whether by the Influence of the * 
 Stars, or Rains, I determine not ; but’tis plain that 
 good Earth having been much impair’d, if laid Fallow, 
 and a little Dung laid thereon, or Straw burnt upon 
 ir, will eafily recover its natural Fertility. 
 
 Of Tran{ported Earth: 
 
 This Expedient of Tranfporting Earth is feldom 
 usd, unlefs when a Garden is to be madein a place . 
 where there is inone that is good, fuch Earth does 
 really improve by thus removing of ir, and is evident ; 
 which proceeds either from the Air, orelfe by ma- 
 king of it Icofer, and more penetrable to che 
 Roots. 
 
 of 
 
 | 
 
 
 
 
 
The Complete Gardner, 17 
 
 
 
 Of New Earth. 
 
 ee NG 
 Nest Earth is {ich as never ferv’d to the Nourifh- 
 ment of any Plane, wz. fuchas lies Thr.e Foot deep, 
 or as far as you can go, if itbe really Earth; or elle 
 Earth that has been a longtime built : upon, tho’ for- 
 | merly it did: bear Planes, both which forts are ex- 
 Ee treamely good both for Piantsand Trees. Ov likewife | 
 “Earth Gut of fome Rich Pafture Grourd,of 2 Sandy ; 
 Perera Natit, whireCatcle have been longa time fed 
 *isof excellent ule.tot mofk forts of Planes, ‘pecially if 
 _ “it hasbeen thrown upin heaps to meliotate, and hav 
 Bae: : taken te Winter Frofts.ic will be fo muciiv the Kt 
 
 he Pn Of the Colour h Good Earth. 
 | "There: is Bala and bad of almoft all Colovrs, but. 
 
 "tis the blackifh gray that pleafeth moft, and has had 
 the approbation of former Ages. Ihave often met 
 ill reddifh and whitifhEarths that have been incom- 
 parable, but ieldom any quite white that deferv’d 
 ‘that Character. There is fome that is black on the 
 top of Hills,and alfo in Vales, which is only a dead 
 _ Earth; the moft cerzain Argument of it’s goodaels, 
 e is the Strength, Vigcur, Beauty, and largenef of the 
 Planes. and Herbs that it producech, 
 
 
 
 a S eAELAP.. V. 
 ee ‘ 7 of the Situation oj (Gardens. 
 
 AY to a Kitchen-Garden, litle Vallies or low 
 Grounds are to be preferred to all other Situ 
 “ations, and have commonly all the advantages that 
 
 can well be defis'd, the Mold bcalle and of {ufficient 
 peat G depth, 
 
 
 
19 ‘The Complete Codie. Vol a* a 
 depth, ‘tis fatten’d by the Neighbouring Hills: ge! 2, 
 
 gumes grow here: Exfieand plenty Warerings are at 
 
 hand, Buc then they are liable to Inundations; by 
 
 which Afparagus, Artichoaks, Strawberries, &c. are ut- 
 
 terly deftroy’d, when they come to be long overs — q 
 
 flow’d. 
 
 As for Fruit Gardens, beptninte Ground Naadereas 
 ly dry, and indifferent high are the beft, provided 
 it be good in it felf, and deep enough. 
 
 If Choice Fruits grow not folarge on fuch Grounds, i 
 
 yet itis recompenied in the beauty of the Colour, 
 goodnefs of Taft, and Forwardnefs. How delicious 
 are the Winter Thorns, Bergamots, Lanfac, Petit- 
 Oins, Lois Bonnesy &c. growing upon an elevated 
 Ground, compar’d ta thofé in a Meadow-ground, 
 which fhews the importance of the Situation of Fruit. 
 
 Gardens. But for Fruits and Legumes, nothing i is : 
 
 beter than a rifing Ground, if good ia it felf, the 
 Waters above conftantly wafhing,but not flaying up~ 
 on it, affords it a proper temper, the Sun perform: 
 ing its part, and freeing it from the danger of cold, 
 which MarfhyGrounds are mate fubjeEt to. 
 
 
 
 
 
 CHAP. vi- 
 
 Of the Expofure of Gardens, and what may ke j 
 
 good or al in either of theme 
 
 Here are Four forts of Expofitions, Eg}, Wels 
 South, and North, Thele Terms among Gard- | 
 
 ners, fignifie the contrary to what they do with Geo- 
 
 graphers: For the Gardner only intends thofé Parts — 
 or Walls of the Garden upon whickthe Sun dire€tly — 
 fhines, and in what manner it fhines the whole Day 5 — 
 
 either as ‘to the whole, or as to fome tides ae it As 
 for inttantey 4 
 
 
 
 a ee eee 
 
 
 
Vol. Ls The Complete Gardner? 18 
 ~ Ifthe Sun at his Rifing, and all the firft half of the 
 
 
 
 
 
 Day, continues to fhine upon one fide, thatis the 
 
 | 
 
 - Baft fide, that upon which the Sun fhines the latrer 
 
 half part of the Day is the #?; that part where it 
 
 - fhines longeft in the whole Day is the South; and that 
 
 fide on which it fhines leaft, is the North °Tis 
 true, that whatever Situation a Garden isin, it muft 
 have all the Afpeéts of the Sun, excepr fich as lie 
 againft Hills, or the fides of Mountains; fome have 
 the rifing, others the fetting Sun: But for fuchas 
 are fituated upon open Plains, the difference of the 
 Expofure is not fo fenfible. 
 
 _ If your. Garden be of ftrong Earth, and confequent- 
 ly Cold, the Sou#h Expofure is beft. 
 
  Ifitbe Light, and Hot, then the Eaftis tobe prez 
 ferr’d: A Southern Expofition is often fubjeé& to great 
 Winds, from,the middle of Augujt, to the middie of 
 
 : ‘©Gober , for which the Stalk; as the Vargoules, Vert 
 
 Longues, St. Germines, &c. fuffer much; others do 
 
 | better refift the Winds, as the Thorny:Pears, Ambretes, 
 | La Ghaffaries, Diy- Martins, &c. ee 
 
 “ Note. That where the Author {peaks of the Vir- 
 
 | € povles, Vert-Longues, Sta Germines, &c. Planted 
 
 “ Seandards, it’s to be underftood in reference to 
 
 | France; for herein England they require a good 
 | “South Wall; for if they are planted either Stan 
 | “dards or Dwarfs, its very rare that they {uc* 
 | ceed, 
 
 The Eaften Expofure. is fubje& to North-Eaft 
 
 Winds, which withers the Leaves and new Shoots, 
 | efpecially of Peath-Trees, blowing down much Ker- 
 
 nel, and Stone-fruit; moreover the Ea/tern Wall-trees 
 have little benefit of the Rains, which feldom come 
 but from the Welt. ss | 
 
 The. Wefern Expoftre dreads the Noth 442 
 Winds in the Spring, and the Autumn Winds, thole 
 
 throwers down of Fruits, | 
 Se Mee as 
 
 
 
40. — The Complete Gard'ner,. Vols 1s 4 
 
 © As for the Northern Afpeét here ih England, we 
 
 ©‘ find ic mot proper for Baking Fruits, efpecially 
 i n Pears ; 5 alfo fome forts of Piumbs, and Morela Cher: 
 
 ‘ries may be planted there, to fusceed the: ‘Cherries 
 
 % planted in other Expofures,’ 
 
 In fhort, all Expofitions have their perfume) 
 and imperfections ; we muft take our beft advantage 
 of the firft, and ufe our beft skill to ‘defetid our 
 felves againtt the laft. 
 
 
 
 
 
 AE AP. VII, 
 a the Conveniencies of Waterings for Gardens, 
 
 H E Spring ard Summer are ftibje@ to great 
 Heats, and Scorchings ; for which reafon, the 
 Legumes or Plants of that Seafon, acquire the largenefe, 
 thicknefs, {weetnefs, and delicacy which they ought to ~ 
 have ; but will be always birter, hard, and infipid, uns 
 Jefs help by long Rains, which ‘are very uncertain ; or 
 elf plentiful Wateringa: which we ought to have at 
 command : And therefore tho’ fmall Plants, as Straw- 
 berries, Greens, Peafe, Beans, Sallads, &c, may be fop- j 
 plied by Rain, yet Artichoaks of a year or two's — 
 growth mult have a Pitcher two or three times a week 
 ro every Root,elfe Gnats will annoy them; the Heads 
 
 will be {mall, hard, and dry, and the Suckers wilf 
 only produce leaves, . 
 _ During Seven or Eight Months, there is generally 
 a«neceffity of watering all that grow in’ Kitchen-Gar- ~ 
 dens, except A/paragus. But April and’ May being E 
 the two Months for blafting, and drought, there is 
 often a neceflity of watering every new planted 
 Tree, nay fometimes thofe that have ftore of green 
 Fruit, efpecially if the Earth be dry and light, may 
 be watered till Augu/t, left the pie prove fall, | 
 fiony, and not palatable, iq 
 The 
 
 
 
| Ape I. .‘TheComplete Gard’ner, 21 
 
 The moft common, bur worft of Waterings is that 
 bee Wells ‘tis true, they are neceflary, where no bet= 
 ter can a had ; Bir Rain-water, or Rivers, or a 
 Canal, or Pond well ftored with Pipes, to diltribute 
 water into the féveral parts of a Garden, are the 
 Soul of Vevyetation, | 
 
 
 
 as GHAP. - VIM, ives 1X, 
 
 ie as oe ” Garden ought to be partly upon a Pee 
 | vel, Of a Pleafant Figure, and well hia 
 Entrance. 
 
 iy 2 Rest icblities a are te sGieGoae to Gardens, 
 
 -4.¥ the overtlowinigs of Rains cauling great diford- 
 | ers, and much trouble to repair them ; 5 frail uneven- 
 | nefles do no great harm, rather good in adry:Earth ; 
 and yer in Gardens too much inclining to drought, ar 
 
 
 
 |. that liehigh, and of a perfect Level, twill-be proper 
 |) to allow them a little inequality, fuch a one as may 
 
 be unperceiveable, and yet conrinue in all the Sou- 
 thern Walks, that the Water that in them is of 
 no ufe, may fall to replenith the Roots of the Trees, Gc, 
 
 > The beft Figure for a Fruit or Kitchen Garden, and 
 
 i iar convenient for Culture, is a beautifnl € Square of 
 
 
 
 ia ii Angles, being once and a half,. if not twice fo 
 | long as:’tis broad, viz. From. Forty yards, to 
 Twenty, or Twenty Four; from Eighty yards, to 
 ‘Thirty Six, or Forty 5 from one Hundred and Sixty 
 | yards, to Eighty, one Hundred, or one Hundred and 
 | Twenty; for from Squares it’s moft eafie to raife uni- 
 form Beds of Strawberries, Artechoak’, Afparagus, Oc 
 | or of Chervil, Parfly, Sc, which cannotwell be done 
 in anirregular Figure. | 
 If the. Kitchen Garden be large, the Rntrinds 
 Pes be ju(t in the middle of that parc which has 
 C 3 the 
 
 
 
 
 
92 The Complete Gard’nr, YVol.¥. 
 the moft extent, as appears by the. Figure atthe 
 point 4, in order to face an Alley, which being of 
 the whole length of the Garden, will appear ftately, 
 by dividing of thewhole length of theGround into two 
 equal parts, each of thefe compofing Squares or Plots 
 too long in proportion to their breadth, muft be fube 
 divided into fmaller parts 
 
 
 
 at i sito 
 ~~, 
 
 > 2 HS > 
 
 229.3 4, wake 
 
 
 
 3% i /' 
 . 
 
 “Fhe Entrance would not appear fo well inone of 
 the broad fides, as Letter B. | 
 
 When under aneceffi ity, I have made fine Gardens, 
 which have had their Entrance at one of the Corners; 
 fuch is the Kitchen-Garden at Rambouillet, and yet no 
 body finds fault, becaufe the Entrance faces a fine | > 
 Alley, bordered all along with Ejpaliers, or Walls | . 
 full of Fruie. Ard 7 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 ot 
 
 | A Ga 
 
 q ‘Vol. Y The Complete Gard'ners = 22 
 
 And tho’ this Figure be not the moft perfec, yer 
 Ihave made a fine Kitchen-Garden of 220 yardsin 
 length, and 120 broad, refembling the Figure of a 
 Lozenges and tho’ the Entrance has been made in 
 
 the middle of the narroweft fide 4, yer’tis not eafie 
 
 to dinguifh fo fmall an irregularity; fortho’ the 
 Angles are not equal, it neverthelefs hinders the 
 
 Plats from feeming perfect in their proportion. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Ane Ps - 
 Se ey Gah 
 
 ® 
 
 arden muft be well inclos d with Walls, and 
 (not far diftant from the Houfe. 
 ioe Wall well garnifhed, Dwarfs well ordered, and 
 
 \% vigorous; all forts of good Fruits of every Sea- 
 jon, fine Beds and Plats furnifhed with all forts of Le- 
 
  gumes, clean Walks of proportionable largenefs, neat. 
 
 Borders well fill'd with ufeful things, a well-con- 
 triv’d variety of what is neceflary in a Kitchen Gar- 
 den for all Seafons ) thefe are the things that we 
 
 ought to have in our Gardens, and fétting afide all 
 
 manner of Profpects, a Garden ought to be inclofed — 
 with Walls, for belides the fhelter they «fford againft — 
 trouble fome Winds, and Spring’ Frofts, it is impof- 
 fible tohave early Legumes, and fine Fruits without 
 the help of them; befides many things that would 
 
 {carce be able to grow in the hotteft part of Summer, 
 
 are aficcted by the favour of a Wall, 
 In fhort, Was are fo neceflary,that to multiply them, 
 
 | Tmake as many little Gardens near the great one as I 
 
 can,whereby | have more Wall-Fruit,and better fhelter. 
 
 ‘Thofe Perfons who have feveral Gardens, ‘tis ne- 
 ceflary that thofe for Ficwers and Shrubs, we mean the 
 Parterr’s {hould face the principal afpeét of the Houfe 
 
 for nothing can be more Charming, than to fe atall, 
 
 C4 time 
 
 
 
2 4 The Complete Gard vn ay Jol Te 
 
 " 
 
 times .on that fide'an. agreeable variety of a. ven 
 
 of Flowers; therefore without prejudicing the Par-— a 
 
 _ terre, we place our Garden in the belt ground we can 
 find, near the Houfe, of a convenient accefs. 
 
 1 
 Such as can have but one Garden,it willbe far better | 
 _ to employ itinF ruits and Legumes,than inBox andGrafi- 
 
 plats; ; infucha cafe, if the Garden be indifferent large, 
 
 “twill be convenient to take the neareft part of it fora 
 
 _ Parterre Jeaving the reft for things of ufe and neceffiy. 
 
 ‘If the place be not large, then make no Parterre, 
 but refolve to employ itin Plantg for ufe, placing the 
 moft pleafant part of the Kitchen Garden molt in 
 fight of the Houfe. A fine well” plac’d Arbor for 
 fhelter in cafe of a ftorm, or to veiw the Culture of 
 the Ground, will not do amils. 
 
 
 
 es 
 
 CHAP, XIL 
 
 ) ts 
 
 Flow toCorredt defectiveGround, oie as to qitat= 4 
 
 lity, or want of quantity. 
 
 ae E defects of Earth may be reduced to Fire 
 “Particulars, 
 1. Bad Earth, 
 2. Indifferent, 
 a Indifferent good, byt not enough of it. 
 . To haveno Earth at all. 
 . Tho the Earth be never fo good, yet the great 
 
 pe 
 
 moifture to which it maybe fubject, may make itia- 
 
 ee of improvement by Culture. . 
 
 . If the Ear th be defe&tive, for that it flinks, or 
 is meet dead, watery Loom, or elfe ftony, gravelly, 
 or full of Pebles, or only dry Sand. In this Cafe it 
 muft be taken, away to the depth of Three foot in the — 
 
 principal places of the Garden, viz. for Trees, and 4 
 
 long rooted Plants, and Two Foot for lcfler Plants, 
 
 ne : | 
 
 ‘ 
 vy 
 
 
 

 
 4 eee? e728 2 
 
 ZZ. 
 
 ‘ie } s 
 i = i ss abil pase aid ee 4 aes 7 a PS SI) ae on CaeNoceas a eee eee 
 
 oe 
 ° . f ° eo 
 ° ° . org * 
 
 
 
 
 NY 
 
 Hare 
 
 a 
 

 
 -te 
 
 
 
SEF TROND pen) a oe 
 
 “Vols L Th Complete Gard’ ere a5 
 re filling up with the bef Mould you can get; andif 
 this. be. intended fer the. Garden next the Houfe, -. 
 prr'its ought t to lie ‘Two “or three Foot lower than the 
 _ Houfe, from whence there ought to be a Ballufters 
 with fome fteps to come dowa into this Garden, 
 ~ which is a great Ornament. 
 € Bur as to what hasbeen faid heretofore, as relating 
 B as a Prince’s Pocket,this may do very well, but the 
 
 £ Charges being {o preat, it will be beft to ufe the 
 “ aforefaid Directions, in bringing in a certain quantity 
 Sof Dung and Earth of a more agreeable'temper, to 
 
 *intermix therewith. 
 As to the Second Cafe, i in which the Ground ha- 
 ving a fufficient depth, yet the Earth is neverthelefs 
 but indifferent, either too dry and light, or too 
 tough and moilt, or elfe too much worn outs im this 
 cafe, care muft be taken to mend it by mixing new 
 Earth with it, with this caution, that you mix loomy 
 Earth with what is too light, and {andy mould, with 
 that which is too tough, and that which is really 
 good, with that which is worn out, unlefsyou ident 
 it fhould recover ic felt by reft. 
 “Andas for improving of it by Dung, obferve 
 
 “that all moilt Dung, fuch as Cow-Dung, is proper 
 . ¢ a be mixt with light Earth, and Dung ofa light 
 ‘ nature to be mixt with heavy Clay, or Cold loomy 
 “ «Earth, ieee 
 
 2. If it be really good, but not enough of it to 
 make Three Foot deep, you mult confider whether 
 the top of the Earth be of fufficient héighth ; if ir be, 
 then all that is naught mult be removed, dad good 
 added, to make up the depth requit *d. 
 
 If the waters are naturally in the Earth, they mu& 
 either be turn’d afide at a diftance, by Gutrers, or 
 Draias; or elfe you muft raifeahe whole Plats, or 
 only the great Beds upon ridges, making deep Fure 
 rows to ferve for Paths, 
 
 
 
 
 
 ; ; 
 
 
 
 
 
“ »eonventent Sguares or Plats, with Walks very neat, 
 
 t 
 
 26 The complete Gard’ner. Vol... 
 If thefe moiftures are only occafion'd by great 4 
 
 Rains, you mutt ufe the fame Remedy, by raifing the 
 
 Earth, and making Gutters or Drains to carry it off. 
 
 
 
 
 
 CHA Pic Xl, 
 ‘THis Chapter treats of the Slopings, Raifings and 
 
 : fallings in a Garden, and is judg’d to be of no 
 © ufe, by réafon of the infinite varieties which are to 
 € be found in Grounds, and for which no certain Di- 
 rections can be laid down. ) 
 
 
 
 CH AP. XIV, XV, XVI, and XVI 
 
 Of the Diftribution of the Ground of a Fruit 
 and Kitchen-Garden. 
 
 Good Kitchen Garden ought to be plentiful in 
 
 its productions, agreeable to the Eye, and con- 
 venient for Walks and Culture. To which purpofe, 
 it fhould be employ’d with all the good order and 
 prudence that may be, with Plants and Seeds fuited 
 tothe feveral parts of it: It muft be diftributed into 
 
 well placed, and of fuitable fize, which muft never be 
 narrower than five or fix Foor, be the Garden never 
 fo fmall, and ought nor,to exceed Eighteen or Twen- — 
 ty be the Kitchen Garden never fo large. 
 
 Tn a {mall Garden, the Entrance ought to bein the 
 midit of that breadth, with only one Walk of about 
 Six Foot. 3 | 
 
 “ The Author enlargeth farther, about the differ. 
 “ence of Walks, which is judged needlefs; as al 
 “what he adds farther in this Chaprer, relating to 
 “ E/pailiers, which is nothing advantageous to the 
 
 ** Reade r 
 
— Vol. 1. The Complete Gardner, = 2.7 
 
 “Reader, and not fit to be put in pra@tice in Eng~ 
 “ fand, according to the method us'd in France, where 
 “ E/palliers are more frequent than Walls. ; 
 - For a Garden of Twenty or Twenty Four yards, 
 whether the Entrance be at the middle or on one fide 5 
 in both Cafes the works ought to be feven Foot broad, 
 nay Fight or Nine, in that which is parallel to the 
 
 _ Front of the Houfe. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 CHAP. XVIII, and XIX 
 
 ‘ra"H ESE Chapters Treats of Gardens of vari- 
 fs ous Sizes, from Thirty to Forty Yards; from 
 “Fifty to Sixty, and fo on, proceeding to Gardens 
 “fof an extraordinary fize, but the Direétions are 
 jude’d to be of very little or no uf. 
 
 
 
 CHAP. XX, and XXI. 
 
 Of the manner of Cultivating Fruit-Gardens 
 tv and of Tillage. 
 
 F we would have our Trees particular[y our Dwarfs 
 and tall Standards, well fed, very vigorous, and 
 agreeable to fight, we mult take Care. 
 
 1. That they be not too near one another. 
 
 2. That no forts of Plants be near them, which may 
 inwardly fteal their nourifhment, or outwardly hinder 
 the refrefhings and helps they are to receive by Rain, 
 or Dew. 
 
 Take care to keep the Earth always light and clean, 
 and therefore often Cultivated, that the Earth may be 
 nourifhed both by the Rains, Sun, and Dews, To which _ 
 end, we muft be careful to till, amend, and cleanfe 
 the Ground, as often as it requiress : 
 
 | Was 
 
 
 
53 _ The ‘Conplte Gant? ners Val. L “t 
 1 ae What Tillage eae OIE 
 Tillage is a ‘moving or ftirring, sarbich ‘tii per: 
 farmrd on the top of the Ground, enters toa certain 
 depth, and makes the lower and hee eas agin 
 "place. 
 : Earth that is hot and ie mutt a Till'd in Serie 
 mer time, cither a little before, or whilft ir Rains, or 
 foon after, or when there is likelyhood of more ; at 
 which time, you can neither Till too often, nor teo 
 deep; bur( by the Rule of Contraries } they’ mutt. 
 feldom be Til’d in very hot weather, unlefs they be 
 water d immedistely after. 3 
 
 Earth that is cold, ftrong, and moift, muft never 
 be Tif’d in time of Rain, but rather during the accu 
 Heats, 
 
 But we find that ‘hee. are feveral Grounds that 
 will not work till after Rains ; at which time it’s the 
 beft time for Tilling, and bringing it into Order. 
 
 The frequent Titlings binder part of the goodnefs of 
 the Earth from being wafted by the growth and nou- 
 rifhment of ill P/anes;but thefe Tillings are nor wholly 
 fuffictent, unlefs care be taken to Hoe and pull up thofe 
 iil Weeds which ufually grow in Summer and Au- 
 tunon, and multiply without end, iffuffer’dto run to — 
 Seed. But (by the by ) you mult know, that in the 
 times that Trees bloflom, and Vines fhoot, Tillage is 
 very dangerous. — 3 
 
 To dry Earths, Tallow a large Gisliute or” Tillage 
 at the entrance of Winter, and the like as foonas °tis 
 pall, that the Snows and Rains of the Winter and 
 Spring may eafily fink into the Earth. Burt to firong 
 and moilt Earth | allow but finall Tillage in O@ober, 
 only to remove the Weeds and ftay to give them a 
 large one at the end of April, or beginning of May, 
 when the Fruit is perfectly Knit, and the great’ “ 
 fiurcs over. 
 
 Rain. | 
 
 
 
Vol. I. The Complete Gard’ner. 9 
 _. Rain-water feldom finks above a Foot deep, bur 
 water of Snow T'wo or ‘Three Foot, as being much 
 heavier than Rain-water, and as it melts flowly and 
 by degrees from the undermoft part of the MaG of 
 Snow, fo it foaks with more eafe, not being hindred 
 by the Wind or Suni 
 
 Therefore I dread much Stiow upon flrong moilt 
 intics, and order it to be remov'd from about the 
 Fruit-Trees. So indry Earth gather it as a Maga- 
 zine of moifture to the Southern eit 
 
 
 
 CH A Pp. XX, and XXIII. 
 
 OF Amendments, or Improvements and 
 -. Dungs, 
 
 J Mendments are a. bettering and improving of 
 
 Earth, which improvement is made with all forts 
 of Dungs, according to the temper and employment 
 of the Earthe As for Inftance there mult be a great deal 
 of Dung to produce Por-berbs, which grow abundantly, 
 ina fhort time, and quickly fucceed each other ina 
 -fimall compais of Ground. .Onrthe, other fide, Trees 
 require bur little.or none for their Nourifhment, be- 
 caufle being fo long a growing,they make but inconfi 
 derable productions, compar’d to the Ground. they 
 take up; and tho=they remain long in the fame 
 place, yet by the help of their roots, which ftretch to 
 the right and left, they make.a-fhift to pick up far. 
 and near the nourifhment that is fit for them. 
 
 - Now fince the great defects of Earth are too much: 
 = il coldnefs, and heavinef,:.alfo lightnefs, and 
 an inclinationto parching, fo amongft Dungs, ome. 
 are fat and cooling, as that of Oxen,. and Cows ; 
 others hor and light, as that of Sheep, Horfes, acd. 
 Pipe €c. And whereas the Remedy muft have 
 
 Virtues 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 Vol. 1) ‘The Complete Gard’ier? 3 
 
 Virtues contrary to the Diftemper it isto Cures there- 
 
 fore hot and dry Dungs mutt be us‘d in cold, moift,’ 
 heavy Earths, and Oxen and Cow-Dung in lean dry — 
 
 light Earths, to make them fatter and clofer. . 
 
 Not that thefe two forts, tho’ the principal are 
 the only marerials for amendment of Earth; for up- 
 on Farm-Lands, all forts of Sruffs, Linen, Fleth, 
 Skin, bones, Nails, Hoofs of Animals, Dirt, Urine, 
 Excrements, Wood, Fruit, Leaves, Athes, Straw, 
 all manner of Corn or Grains, Soot, €c. In fhore, 
 
 all thatis upon or in the Earth ( except Stones and 
 
 Minerals ) ferve to amend and better it. 
 
 * The reft of this Chapter our Author makes ufe of 
 in Philofophizing, which is little to our purpofe, 
 ‘who have regard only to his experience, and matter 
 * of fact; we proceed therefore to that of Dungs. 
 
 Of Dungs 
 
 In Dumzs there are two peculiar properties; one 
 $s to fatten the Earth, and render it more Fruitful ; 
 the other to produce a certain fenfible heat, capable 
 of producing fome confiderable effe&. The laft is 
 feldom found bat in Horfe and Mule-Dung, newly 
 made, and ftilla little moift, which indeed is of 
 wonderful ufe in our Gardens in the Winter; it then 
 animating and enlivening all things, and performing 
 the Office which the heat of the Sun does in Sum- 
 mer; for being laid in Couches, it affords us all the 
 Novelties of the Spring ; as Cucumbers, Radifhes, 
 fmall Salads, and Melons, ‘and all thefe long before 
 Nature can afford them. In great Frofts it upplies 
 
 us with Greens and Flowers, and which is very rare, 
 
 early A/paragus. | A 
 When °tis old, the heat being wholly paft, bur: 
 
 not rotten, it preferves from the Cold what the Froft: 
 
 might deftroy , and therefore ‘tis us'd in Winter to. 
 eover 
 
 eS Se 
 
 ~~ 
 

 
 
 
 | 30. «‘TheComplete Gardner. Vol, I. 
 cover Fig-Trees, Artichoaks, Succory, Sellery, € 
 all of great value in Gard'ning and after all, being 
 rotten, it ferves to amend the Ground. 
 
 The time for Amendments is from the beginning of 
 November, uilltowards the end of March, becaule this 
 Dung would be of no vfein the Earth, if the Rains did 
 
 ‘not rot it; fuch as is usd at other times, only grows 
 
 dry and multy, and {fo far from being kind, that *tis - 
 pernicious ard fatal to Vegetables; for where there is 
 
 _alarge quantity of it,a multitude of large white Worms 
 
 breed in it, which gnaw all the tender things they 
 
 _ meet with all. Now fince the Winter isthe only fit 
 
 time for gmendment, our Garden mutt not lofe any 
 
 part of it, neither minding the Quarters of the Moon, © 
 nor the Winds, whatever they be, they being only 
 troublefome and uflefs Obfervations ; and fit only to 
 {et off a vifionary and talkative Gard’ner. 
 
 Sometimes there is a neceffiry of Dunging largely, 
 and pretty deep in the Ground, and fometimes ‘tis 
 
 enough to turn the top lightly. 
 
 1 look upon Sheep’s Dung as the beft of all Dungs, 
 and moft promoting fruitfulnefs in all forts of Earth, 
 the Treatife of Orange Trees will fhew more particu- 
 ly how I value it above all others , Le Poudret, and 
 the Dung of Pigeons and Poultry 1 feldom ufe, the 
 one is too ftinking, and the other is full of little Fleas 
 very prejudicial to Plants. 
 
 The Leaves of Trees rotted in fome moilt place, 
 are rather Soil than Dung ; and are better fpread to 
 ‘ fecure Earth from parching, than to warm the infide 
 of It. 
 
 Terreon, ot Soils, that Dung, which having ferv'd 
 for Couches, or Hot-Beds, is confum’d to that de- 
 gree, that it becomes a fort of Mould; which tnen 
 is employ’d no longer for Dung to fatten, but like 
 Fatth for {mall Plants, that may be laid Seven or 
 Eight Inchesdeep upon new Budsy for Sallads, Ra- 
 
 difhes 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 . toremain, as Melons, Cucumbers, hard Lettuce Gc, 
 
 
 
 a 
 Fs, Sa 
 
 32 The Complete Gard ner. Vol. I. 
 difhes, and Legumes, that are to be tranfported, or. 
 
 about’ Two Inches thicks It. is alf® Jaid-over Earths 
 new fown at Spring, and in Summer, when they are 
 too dry of themfelves, and are fubjec&t to harden and 
 chop by heat, by which the Seed would dry up, and 
 not be able to get thro’ the hardnefs of the Harth 5 
 in fuch cafe, tis usd to preferve the moifture ob= 
 tain'd by Tillage, and Waterings, and te pai the 
 Birds from picking of the new Seeds. 
 
 Athes of all forts, would be of great uf in Aniends 
 ments, if we had enough of them; burthat not being = 
 poffible we ufe them only about the feet of fome Fig: 
 
 ' ares and others. ; : 
 - Some value Turf for Amneiilestlieds but I look upon 
 it as only fit to produce of it felf; not to make anorher 
 Earth Fruicful. I have a great value forthe Earthuns 
 der the'Turff, as.‘uis new Earth, never wrought,‘and ~~ 
 confequently. fruitful, and gocd* for FrititeTrees: s 
 
 or elfe fo, after the fame manner as } have NOES 
 Dungs to be employ’d fordeep Amendments. - © 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 CHAP. XXIV.’ 
 Whether it be proper to Dung Trees. 
 
 OR the Refolution of which Point, our Experi- 
 enced and Learned Author propoles Five Queries 
 ‘to thofe Gentlemen who aflert ‘tis proper to Dung 
 * Trees. 
 x. Whether they mean all forts of Trees? 
 2. Whether Fruit Trees only ? 4: 
 q. Whether, if Fruit-Trees, they mean all i in genes 
 ral, topreferve the vigorous, and recover the infirm toe 
 
 me ” 
 a 
 
 Dung to be allow’ d each, and where i it fla 3 | 
 
 6 
 
 <.. a te oe 
 

 
 } Vol J. - The bce Gard ner, 33 
 5. Whether they. thould be pres, in all forts of 
 Earths. good and bad 2... 
 
 After all the Anfivers-that can pofible be fuppo- 
 fed tobe given to thefe Queries,he gives a full and con- 
 vincing Confuration of them; asthe effet of his many 
 years great Experience, and thereby proving it wholly 
 __ Improper to Dung Trees ; no not fo much as the Infirm, 
 of whom he. gives the following Character, viz, An 
 infirm Pear-Tree is not always concluded fo, by reafon 
 of its producing yellow Shoots, fince {ome that are very 
 vigorous produce J.eaves of that colour ; only they are 
 Much upon which fome old Branches die. or fuch, of | 
 which the ends of thenew Shoots wither, or produce 
 none atall ; or continue Sc abby, full ot Cankers and Ma, 
 yet blofom extremely bur little of the Fruze knits, and 
 that which does, remains fmall, flony, and bad. But 
 _ when the Tree chances to lace large yellow Shoots, 
 which often bappens to fome Pears grafted upon 
 Duinceftocks, which being Planted in a. dry, Ground, 
 are notwithftanding in a. good Condition 3 this defedt 
 . of yellow Leaves, proceeding from {ome "of the prin- 
 _ cipal Roots lying level with the Ground, whereby 
 _ they are parched by the greavheats of the Summer: 
 _ An account of the Difeafes of Trees he gives at 
 
 | ree ia‘ the Fifth Parts ’ 
 
 
 
 | CHAP. .XXV. 
 ti What fort cs oe is moft proper for eve:y 
 
 kind of Prey rec. 
 
 H E Wi faioes ‘of Pear- Trees, Apple-T. Trees, e- 
 —— & venthofe call’ Paradice, Plumb-Trees, and Fig- 
 | ‘Tree, agree well with all forts of Earth, hot and 
 dry, cold and moift, provided the Ground be deep 
 pete ce Two Foot and a half; or Tree Foor 
 aS Eocene a D Mg 
 
 bal 
 
 
 
ve Fe OS ee 7 > .- a 
 — 
 
 mel 
 b | 
 
 \ . 
 
 34 — The Complete Gardner. Vol I. 
 Fig-Trees require much lefs ; Quince-Trees thrive 
 notin dry light ground, foon growing yellow? Al-— 
 monds and Peaches thrive bertrer in this than in {trong 
 Earth, which makes them too fubjeét co Gum; fuch — 
 ftrongEarths are firter for Plambs, {mall bitter Cher- — 
 ries, Goosberries, Rasberry Bufhes, ©c. Vines thrive — 
 and produce better Grapes in certain dry Grounds, — 
 chan in ftrong cold Earths’; Cherries thrive pretty well — 
 in light Ground. | a 
 Eareb has not the fame effect as to the good tafte of 
 Fruits, asit has to the vigour of Trees ; for the Win- 
 ter Bon-Chreftien, Petit Oin, Lanfac, and Thorn-Pear, — 
 €c. willbe always infipid, and moft of them ftony, — 
 or mellow in Ground that is cold and moift: whe= — 
 ther grafted on a Wilding, or a Quince-Stock efpeci- | 
 ally for Dwarf-Seandards, °Tis the fame with Peaches 
 and Pavies, €e. Thofe kind of Fruits require a pretty 
 dry Ground, at leaft one that’s well drain’d by Gut- ~ 
 ters,) or contriv'd Defcents. | | 
 In fhort, Trees are commonly vigorous in ftrong — 
 Earth, but the Fruzt feldom fo well tafted, as thofe we — 
 find in drier Grounds. | 
 Befides Tillage and Amendments, your Garden ~ 
 _‘muft be always kept clean, the Walks kept tree from 
 Stones and Weeds, as likewife the whole Ground. ~ 
 The Trees fhould be always free from Caterepillars, 
 Snails, Mofs, €c.  # 
 Having thus far gone upon the true Senfe and Ex- ~ 
 perience of the Author, we conclude this Second Part, — 
 and procéed to the Third. a 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 The End of the Second Part 
 
 Os 
 = G5 He Sant ag 
 
 > ~s— 
 “< pe 
 21g aoe ete pees 
 “ 
 
Vol. I. The € omplete Gard ner. 25 
 
 
 
 een seed 
 
 
 
 ea. OF 
 FRUIT-GARDENS, 
 | AND 
 
 Kitchen-Gardens. _ 
 
 VOL. I PART. Iil. 
 
 
 
 
 
 A Preliminary Difcourfe Sheaine the Order, 
 Method, and Defign of this Part, chiefly ree 
 lating tO Fruit-Trees, | 
 
 i 
 
 VRUIT, as it was our Primitive, and moft Exe 
 cellent as well as moft Innocent Food, whilft it 
 ‘grew in Paradife; a Climate fo benign, and a 
 ‘Soil fo richly impregnated with all that the Influ- 
 ences of Heaven could communicate to it ; fo.has it 
 © fill preferved, and retain’d no {mall Tin@ure of irs 
 Line and Celeftial Virtue. And tho” it his, in 
 by _ this Degenerate State of the World, .ceas’d to be the 
 “genuine and natural, as well as the moft Innocent 
 | s and wholefome Diet; (when the Days of Man were as 
 * the days of Heaven, Long and Healthful, and would 
 f yer approach them, had not Mens intemperancegwan- 
 kk *ton anddeprav'd Appetites, fubltituted the Shambles, 
 =and Slaughter’d Foe to musi us ) yet after all the 
 
 Inventions 
 
 t 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 ‘e which gives the true Condiment, and moft agreeable j 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 36 The complete cetaed? Voll L | 
 
 _ Invent ions of the mott luxurious, and voluptuous ] 
 
 © Epicure § + the moft Cefarion Tables would want of : 
 
 “their Magnificence, ‘nobleft Gut, and grateful Re- 
 ‘lith without Fruit, and the Produétiion of the Garden — 
 
 «clofure ro allthe ret. Tis From Fruit, and Saluta- — 
 cry Plants, that befides the - Nowiffimeae! they. yield ¥ 
 cus) wercceive the Sovereign Elixirs, ‘prepar’d, and 
 « extracted by natural Chym:ftry and Solar Fire, of Vir- — 
 «tue to Attemper and Allay rit¢ Ebullétions of the Blood, 
 cand f{weeten its Saline Acrisnony i in the hotreft Chimes | 
 cand Seafons;and with their Cordial Fuicesjto Recreate, — 
 «Chear, and Rertoretheexhaufted Spirits, clog’dand © 
 «difturb’d by what they have contracted from thofe © 
 ¢ full Meals of Fle/b,and grofier Aliments: Parentsofa | 
 
 « Thoufand Difeafes an Infirmities : *So that tho” pof- 
 < fibly iy might not by fonse be reckoned among the ab- 
 f slate Neceffaries of Life:it ought at leaft be number’d f 
 among thofe Conveniences, withour whith we fhould : 
 , lofe.an infinity of that Pleafire and innocent Content-— i 
 . ment, which feems in pity co have been left us, to ~ 
 , Charm and Alleviate theCares and 4nxieties which have, ; 
 “fisee the F2i,both fhorten’d and imbicter’d Life. And,” 
 “if after’ all our Labour to‘Repair what the choiceft _| 
 and moft delicious Fruie has been defpoil'd of, fince 
 ir grew in Paradife (but which we find by Induftry | 
 and Culrure fo far exalted and reftor’d) it does not. Z| 
 _arrive to that Tran/cendent Perfection’, ‘much le do | 
 “any Artificial Supplement,as have all this while ufurp’d 
 “the ‘Place of that otr more Tonocenty* Primitive, — | 
 “and Natural Food, pretend to comeia Competition. | 
 *[t is then upon this “Account, and with Reafon , | 
 that Naturally all Men) Princes efpecially) atid’ great 
 “Perfons, have in all Ages and®Civiliz’d Countries, | 
 “endtavour'd to cherifh and incotrage the-C@ulture*of 
 Ride) 5-and to have {pacious Gardens and Plantations; | 
 * nor only pe aeeany a for Mis and'Ornament 
 
 oe | 
 + 
 
 ww a - oe 
 
“bur furnifh’d with varieties of the moft beautif ful 
 choice, and delicious Fruits, as Ryal Adjunts to? 
 “their tatelieft Palaces, and Rural Eftates. , 
 © We have already fhew’d, now near fome Fruits do 
 "(by the Gara’ner’s skill and care) approach Perfeétion, 
 _“fiperior to- any the richeft Mixtures, neceffary to 
 “Food, Health, and Refrefhment, nor is there perhaps 
 “ia all Nature’s Circle, vaft as it is, wherewith to 
 “Charm, and, at once, Content more Senfes, than do 
 f- ‘ fome Fruits Cites in their kind ) usd with Mode- 
 ‘ration, a and as becomes us in ail things elle. 
 <ul Us Illoftrate this a little, let us but take a turn or 
 *two ina well contriv’d and Planted Gardens and fee 
 “what a furprizing Scene prefeats it felf in the Vernal 
 Bloom, diffufing its fragrant and Odoriferous Wafis, 
 “with their ravifhing Sweets: The render Blofoms curi- 
 ‘Soufly enamell’d; the varioufly-figur’d Shapes of the 
 eo ne about and Immane ling the laden 
 * Branches ot the choicett Puld tore hiding their blofh. 
 “ing Cheeks 5 others difplaying their Beauties,and even 
 | etiecning the Eye to Admire, others the Hand to Ga- 
 “ther, and allof them to Tuffe their delicious Pu/ps.Caa 
 ‘any thing be more delightful,than to behold an ample 
 |S 4itare (ina benign 4/pcé,tapeftred and adorn’d with 
 “fuch a glorion: ‘Embroidery of Feftoons and Frutages,de- 
 bending from the yielding Boughs, pregnant with their 
 “offprin, and povring forth their Plenty and Store,as 
 “out of fo many Amaltbean Horns? fome tin@tar’d with 
 “the loveliet White and Reds others,an Azurine- Purple ; 
 others ftrip'd with Incarnadine,as over a Tiffue ot Vegea 
 table Gold, Colours of an Oriency, that mock the Pencil 
 Sof the mol exquilite: Arti? ; and with which their 
 “native Bestty, Perfume, Fragrancy, and Tafle, gratihe 
 “and entertain more Senfes at once, than does any 
 , Sublunary Obje, in all un-vitiated Naryre befides. 
 *No wonder then, if after all the enormous, Exe 
 % aRbaa and Treafure, that Princes and Great Perfons 
 
 R 
 ke D 3 lay 
 | 
 
 
 
 ‘Vol. L The Comper ‘Gird’ner. 37 
 
 
 
re Poe 
 
 28. Tie aaa Gard ner, “Volt 
 
 * jay out in Raifing Superb and magnificent ee - 
 ‘and Country Seats, ( built for Pomp, and outward E- — 
 ‘. “ leganey ) the Gardens be neglected, fo as notto ane — 
 *{wer, or be but Contemptible s they are deferv'’dly — 
 * look'd upon as Imperfec, naken heaps of Stone and — 
  folicary Maffes, defe&tive and ufelefs to all thofe lau- — 
 © dable and noble Purpofés we have enumerated ; and — 
 * as other Bleffings which improy’d Nature ,with fo bouns a 
 titul a hand, gratifies ber F riends and F avourers;furnifh- 
 ing the Owners with fo many ufeful, and highly ne- 
 eflary Conveniencies, as fweetens their agreeable — 
 * Food and Induftry, with the moft wholefome and tn- 
 “nocent. Diverfion; in a word, fo has this part of 4e — 
 4 _ Srdculeure obtain’d; as not only to have been thought 
 * werthy the Contemplation and Recherches of the Pro- — 
 
 * foundelt Philofopbers (as well as Poets and Orators ) but — 
 “of the Mightielt Potentates, becoming Sox/s great 
 ‘and large ,as was that of Solomon’sin all his Glory, 
 * Gan there then be any thing more Admirable, and — 
 "indeed defirable ( of not forbidden Pleafure } than to 
 “tee, not only the Fraie and Labour of our own Hands — 
 ‘to thrive and profper about our Habitations ; but — 
 “to inrich, and improve our Native Store withthe ac- — 
 * ceffion of Foreigx Countries, excelient, and con- | 
 * fummate ia their kinds; and to poflefs within our own 
 ‘Wails, ell that is fo Rare and Elegani ? in fhort, a 
 *hanfemly contriv’d, and well furnifh’d Fruit-Garden, — 
 “is an Epitomy of Paradife, which was a moft glorious — 
 * Place without a Palace 3but fo can no Palace be, | 
 * without what fo nearly refembles ic, without a Gar- 
 ‘den: And now, that fuch it may be, is the Defign | 
 * of the enluirg Treatie , made Short, Eafie, and Plea 
 * fant, as was the Labour of that delicious Spor 5 and to 
 * Free it from thofe almoft infinite, and infopportable 
 : Incumbrences, with which this agreable, and (in it 
 “felt ) Eafie. Art, has hitherto been clog’d and abus’ d, 
 
 * deliver’d to usin fo many Voluminous Work, as have 
 
 € 
 & 
 é 
 
 
 

 
 
 Vol.I. ‘The complete Gard’ner> 39 
 
 * been piblifh’d ; bur which, in eruth, ferve rather to 
 “Tire, Diftra®; and Difecurage, than ufefully to Inftrud: 
 _ “In order to this, the Authors of this Epitome have. 
 “endeavour to fhew ( befides the Defignsng, Dreffing, 
 © Preparing, and Inclofing of the Ground ) how to diftine 
 |“ guifh and Difcriminate the feveral kinds of Fraie, 
 * and how to make the moft Fudicious Choice, of what 
 “ Numbers to compofe the Plantation; and in what Serses, 
 “Order, and Method to place them ; that they may fo 
 _* anfwer to the feveral and refpeétive Seafons, always 
 * to gratifie the Care and Culture of the Gard’ner, Lord, 
 ‘or Mafter of the Plantation, with what is moft excel- 
 _* lent of the feveral Kinds, in an un-interrupted Circle, 
 ‘and perpetual fucceffion, from the beginning of the 
 | * Year, toits ending ; together with whatfoever elfe 
 _* is requifite to continue, and maintain the Plantatios 
 “in the condition and Perfection it ought tobe: And 
 |S this, witha frank and generous Communication of all 
 * that ( by long Study, Experience, Labour, and no fmall 
 _ * Expence, they have been able to attain, without the 
 “Jeaft, Referve or Self interef?, as a willing Tribute which 
 _ ,they gratefally offer to thofe Great Perfons,Noble and 
 “worthy Gentlemen, who have honour'd their Profeffion 
 .* and Employment ; or fhall at any time hereafter accept 
 * of their future Service, and in a word, for the Benefit 
 * of allin General. Laftly, we do with all deference, 
 “and juft refpe@, pay our Acknowledgments to the late 
 * Illuftrious Monjfieur de la Quintiny, the moft knowing 
 * Director of all the Fruit and Kitchen-Gardens of the 
 * Royal Family at Ver/ailles; where by his Conduct 
 and Direction, that Auguft Monarch has, with fuch 
 - Sinfinite coft and encouragement, outdone all that 
 “we Readof Ancient, or can fee of Modern, in Horticul- 
 _ “ ture’s Magnificence, advane’d to its utmoft Acme and 
 © Perfection. In which undertaking they proceed in 
 
 _ * the following Method and Order, 
 Firf, Haying firft told you, that by Frise here is 
 . D4 not 
 
 
 
 
 
~~ not meant any of thofe that creep upon ‘the Ground ; 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 40 —- The Complete Gard’ner. Vol ze 
 
 or grow on Shrubs; asCucumbers, Melons, Strawberries, . 
 Currants, &c. Which we intend to treat of in the 
 Sixth Part: whofe SubjeQisof Kitcken:Gardens. We } 
 fhall only infift upon thefe here which grow upon per= 4 
 fect Trees, as of Wall Trees, Dwarfs, or Standards. 
 
 Secondly, To the beft Sorts are given the moft ample — 
 
 and lively Defcription that poffible may be fram’d, © 
 and likewife the apteft Names, and moft received 2- 
 mongft the moft judicious fort of Curiofos which 
 are commonly deriv’d from f me principal Qualities, 
 wherewith they affet thé Senfes of the Eye and Taffe, 
 and confequently denote fomething of the Nature cf 
 the thing, of which they are the Names. J 
 ' © The Author here "mentions that he has tafted a- 
 hy: H Dove three hundred (everal forts of Pears, different 
 
 * one from another, wii ithout finding above thirty that 
 
 “are Excellent, 
 
 Great Allowanci:s are to be: made to the Ficllehela 
 ef Seafons, ct which we are not Maffers; as-alfo of 
 the Diverfiry of Sotls and Cirmates, whichare almoft in-- 
 finite; and to the Naure ot the State of the Tree, 
 
 which is fometimes’ good and fomeiimes bad , and_ 
 laftly, to the Manner o7 Figure in which the leveral 
 ‘Trees grow and produce. 
 
 They are all Points that require a great deal af 
 Confideration, and very much ferve to: ballance the’ 
 opision of thofe that would judge of them. There 
 are fometimes ill Pears to be found among the Virgolees, 
 the Lechafferees, ‘the Ambretts, the Thorn Pears, &e, 
 “And but {curvy Peaches among the Minions, Magdalens, 
 Violets, Admirables, &c. and bad Pluambs among the Per 
 
 drigons , {ome bad Grapes among the Mujcatts, and {ome 
 “bad Figs among thofe that are efteemed. This may per 
 haps altonifh fome curious Perféns , but tho’ in cére 
 tain fort of Good Fruits, there may before defeChibel 
 yer ic follows not from’ thence ’ that the whole. Ki 
 fhou!d be rejected. 
 
 Be 
 
 
 

 
 Vol. 1. The Complete Gard'ver, 4x 
 So that a Fruit may prove ill one year, or in fuch 
 
 certain Expofitions, which may have appear’d Good 
 feveral years before. So on the other hand, that Fruie 
 which was Good this year, was not to be endur’d for 
 fome proceeding years. It remains now that we only 
 add fome few other Cautions and Remarks worth 
 it Confideration, and fo proced tothe Treatife 
 it {21 
 
 - Birt, The Cutting and Tieming of Trees rheards 
 _ the quick bearing of them, yet becaufe ic Contributes 
 both to the beaury of the Tree and ae it fhould 
 not be neglected. 
 
 Second, The time that Kernel FruuiteTrees require 
 before they attain to a fit Age for Bearing, is(one 
 with another) abour four or “five years, tho’ fome 
 advance fooner than others, as is fpecified in their 
 particular Defcriptions; yet in the fucceeding Years 
 they bear more plentifully than the Ssone- Fruit. 
 
 Third, That Stone Fruit Figs, and Grapes are ufually 
 not above three or four Years before they bear confi- 
 derably, and in the fifth and fixth Years bear their 
 full Crops ; which they continue, if well order’d, and 
 in favourable placess many years after 
 
 Fourth, In fome Grounds ia the Aaine Climate 
 Fruit will Ripen fifteen days or more before fome c- 
 thers, not far off from them, in Ground of a dif erent 
 "Temper. 
 
 Fifth, The difference of Hot or Cold Summers does 
 fieal more c snfiderably forward, or fet back the {ime 
 Fruits, of one and the fame Climate and’ Seafon. 
 
 Sixth, Fruits of good Wall Trees ripen a little be~ 
 fore Standards inévery Garden, and thofe of Srax- 
 dards a little before thofe on Dwarfs. 
 
 Seventh, Among Wall ~Trees, the Fruits of thofe in 
 the Soueh and Ea? Quarters do comonly Ripen much 
 about the fame time, fave only that the South has.a li- 
 tle the fart of eeher, and that thofe on the 4% ft 
 
 | are 
 
 
 

 
 42 The Complete Gardner. Vol.Ii | 
 ~arelater by eight er ten days, and thofé of the North 
 by fifteen or twenty. 
 
 _ §°Thefe are Remarks in Frente which the Author. sp q 
 
 ‘treats of: For the Eaft and 4/2 walls come fo early 
 ‘there, and the North-walls in fuch a ‘Time after 
 *chem. Yet we reject planting any thiny againft thofe 
 5 North-walls to be eaten Raw ; but only Pears for bak- 
 ‘ing, Plumbs,Cherries,&cc. for baking or preferving, Ex- 
 —S cept fome Cherries that come after the others. | 
 -. Cold, heavy, moift Grounds produce indeed the 
 Faireft and Largeft Frat, but the hotter, drier, and 
 lighter Soils, the more Delicious and rich Tafted, 
 and efpecially of Grapes. | 
 
 When Fruits are laid up to Keep, not only 
 the Fruit of every fort, but of every particular Tree, 
 and every feveral Expofure, is to be laid in parcels by 
 themfelves, that it may more precifely be known — 
 when cach of them is Mellow, and how long they 
 will keep ; and that the different Effe&ts of Grounds, 
 Expofitions, and Forms of Trees, may be the more 
 
 exactly obferv'd. i 
 
 
 
 on eens 
 
 
 

 
 Vol. 1. The Complete Gardner. 43 
 
 CHAP. I. 
 Of Standard Pears to plant. 
 
 Tandard Trees do not at all accommodate little 
 S Gardens, as Dwarfs do; the fhade of Great 
 Trees being deftruQlive to every thing elfe which 
 we might plant there; we will therefore plane 
 no Standards but in great Gardens; and here ree 
 gard muft be had to plant them at a good di- 
 Gis dren any Walls, excepting thofe of the 
 North. 
 
 Now for this purpofe we fhould chufe Trees 
 of thofe forts of Fruits which are not very big, 
 and yet are of great increafe, and are good when 
 they fall, that is to fay, of fome Summer Fruits, 
 becaufe their {mallnefs preferves them from brui- 
 fing, and their ripenefs which loofens them from the 
 Tree makes them fitto be eaten prefently with Plea- 
 fure, when any of them happen to be batter’d in fal- 
 ling. Or elfe, 
 
 We fhould chufe thofe kinds which hold faft 
 by their Stalks, and fuch whofe Fue are very 
 hard in themfelves, as are the {mall Winter Fruits, 
 and bakeing Pears, fo that they are not eafily fhak- 
 en down by Winds, nor when they fall, fo apt to 
 be much endamaged thereby, 
 
 Among the Summer Fruits proper to be planted 
 in the form of Standard Trees, are comprehended the 
 Ruffelet, the Cuiffe-Madam,or the great Blanque?, or the 
 Musked Blanquet, the Musked Summer Bon Chretien, the 
 | Bourdon, 
 
 
 
ie) UA "sae a 
 Ay The Complete ard RT Volek | 
 Bourdon, or the Musked Robert, thi? pale or the q 
 melting Pear of Breaft, and in every large Plantation 
 may be added fome Summer Bon Chretiens, fome 
 Admiral Pears, &c. For the Fruits of Autumn may 4 
 be chofen the Lanfacs, Vine Pears, Rufellins, &c. q 
 And for Winter Fruits, the dry: Martin, the 
 Ambret, the Winter Ruffellee , the Ronvil , and! 
 perhaps fome Bezi de Caiffy Trees and in fine, 
 for Fruits to bake, preferve, oe, the litile 
 Cerlean', the Franck Royal, the Angeber, the Don- 
 wilee, | F aay 
 
 There we have about twenty four forts of Stan=. 
 dard Pear Trees to plant profperoufly enough ia 
 our Gardens ; bur becaufe in important places, 
 as for Example, in fine Kitchen Gardens, bake=’ 
 ing and preferving Fruits are not confiderable: 
 enough to be allowed any room, and becaufe they are 
 : expedient for all thofe that conveniently can, we 
 may have fome of them in feperate Orchards, de- 
 figned only for Fuit, together with all forts ot Cher. 
 ry Trees, Azrzots, BBVA Guines, with all forts 
 of good Apples, etn. Calvils, Aps, Fenouillees, 
 ar Corpendui, &c, wita feme good forts of Plumbs, 
 viz. of Damask * Plumbs, of ail forts of Mirabelles, 
 diapred Damaks, &c. and jafily, wih Mulberry. 
 Frees, Almond Trees, Azerol, or Garden Haw-Trees, 
 . &e. Preeretave ‘Hncl tbe ditt reafons, Fruits for 
 Bakeing, &c. may be planted ellewhere, far ‘off 
 from’ our Kitchen Gardens, we fhould in their Head 
 multiply fome of the beft of our Summer-and Au- 
 tumn Fruits; tho’ a Summer Pear Tree that has been 
 planted ten or twelve Years, is capable of yield- 
 ing fo great a quantity of Fru of its kind, 
 that rwill be all we can do to fpend them pe 
 fore the Rotrenne (rhat follows clofe after the - 
 
 Bal 
 
 
 
Vol. I. The Complete Gardner. 45 
 Ripene(fs ) furprifes them, which makes them good — 
 for nothing. — can ote teen | 
 
 | And: therefore when! we are contriving Plan- 
 tations “of © Fruit-Trees, we fhould ftill-remembee 
 when we intermix in) them any Standard Trees, 
 that) we mutt. proportionably  diminifh the num- 
 ber of Dwarfs-Trees, which we fhould:»otherwife 
 be ob!ig’d to have of the very fame kinds. 
 
 “Tis rot amifs to add here this Caution, that 
 in refpe€t of thefe Standard Trees, it is good in 
 planting them to leave them fome of the Bran-= 
 ches of their Tops which they bad when in the 
 Nurfery Garden, becaufe they will bear Fruit 
 i9...much.the-foener, and becaufe the height of 
 their Trunks is not fo exaétly regulated as that 
 
 of the Dwarf Trees; whether that heighth begin 
 a Foor higher or lower, their fhape will be ne- - 
 ver the lef; comely for that; and it is always 
 a confiderable advantage, which thefe fort of Trees 
 may be made to afford us, by advancing their 
 Fruitfulnefs, which we can hardly ever draw 
 from the Dwarf Trees. 
 
 In places that are much expefed, or near the 
 High ways where People pafs, we ought to have 
 this forecaft, not to plant any Fruit there that 
 is eatable whilft on the Tree, otherwile ‘tis certain 
 all the Fruie that will come to the owner from’ 
 thence will be only a great deal of vexation, and 
 little elfe. : 
 
 As for what concerns the Plantations of Pears 
 or Apple Trees for Syder, or Perry, the Trees 
 may 
 
 
 
0g Ce a 
 s ae 
 
 Mol. I) The Complete Gard’ner. 46 
 may be planted at threefcore or threefCoreand __ 
 twelve Foot apart one from another, becaufe 
 that proportion hinders not the Grounds in which 
 they grow, at leaft for feveral Years together, 
 from being fown yearly with good Corn; the 
 plowing up, and other Culture ufed for the Jar- 
 
 ter, extremely contributing to the well cultivating 
 
 of the other. | Gata 
 
 
 
= i intel tall Nile Bi 
 
 
 
 47 TheComplete Gard'ner. Vol. I. 
 A 
 
 CATALOGUE 
 bi: OF , 
 Mr. De la Quintinye’s Beft Pears, 
 
 Peaches, and Brugnons, 
 
 Colletbed together,from whence they were Dif- 
 pers'd and Interwoven, in feveral of his Dif- 
 cour{es in his Folio,and brought into the beftOr= 
 der for ufe,by which the Reader mayat the firft 
 View,fee theName of each Fruit.To which is 
 Avnexed foar Colums, the jirft foewing the 
 Page in the Abridgment that refers to their 
 Defcription at Large; the fecond the Page in 
 
 the Folio ; the third the feafons of Ripening ; 
 and the fourth their beft Situation or Exe 
 pofure oj being Plac’d. 
 
 Abridg. Folio Timesof Situation‘or 
 Page. Page. Ripening. Expofure. 
 
 
 
 
 
 A Petit Mufcat 
 La Blanquet Muske 
 La Cuifle Madam 
 La Grofs Blanquet 
 La Magdelene. 
 La Petit Blanquet 
 La ’Grarid Onionet 
 La Mufcat Robert 
 
 La Poir fans Peau 
 
 L’ Efpargne 
 
 La Bourdon 
 
 L’ Orange Mufquee 
 
 
 
 La Blanquet Longue Queue 46 101 Mid. of Fuly 
 
 45 99 Beg. of Fuly) 
 46-109 Beg.of Fuly 
 
 46 100 Faly- 
 
 46 100 Fuly| Theflebe- 
 a9 107 Fuly | ing-Early, 
 46 100 Mid of Fuly} may be 
 
 51108 Midwwot Fuly 
 
 S Planted 
 47 101 Mid of Fuly 
 
 ‘forDivdrfs 
 or Stan- 
 | dards. 
 
 
 
 47 102 End of Fuly 
 49 107 End of Fuly 
 
 49 108 Beg. of Fuly]) 
 56112 Auguft 3. 
 
 
 
 
 
eins 3 ate. Z te. > Nth ° 5 a ay al vy he ea at F, in a ee 
 , j ‘ 
 
 : 48. ae Complete Gard’ ners. : ‘Val. ae 
 
 Abridg. Folio Times of Situation or 
 Pace. Page. Ripening ee ayes 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 La Rouflelet - 40° ot. End of Aug.) 
 Poir fa Rofe 56 116 End of Aug. | 
 La Bouchet 55 111 Endof Avg. | Thefe ma 
 L’ Orange Vert? + 48 104 End of i be Panty 
 Ter Robirle “Se a8 92 End of ‘dug | for Dwarfs 
 La Caffolet - 47 100 Endof Aug. | and Stand-~ 
 , La Callio Rofat 57-116 Aug.& Sept. Pards, or a- 
 La Bon-chretien d Efe 104. Aug.& Sept. | gaint Eaft 
 Mufyue : » 48 109° yf Lane Welk _ 
 La Salviati. . © WEQtIAG Ang .& Sept. ‘Ay eed * 
 La Bergamotte 37 8B nae yeh Valls. | 
 ‘La Burree Ms BO BEN Ot. es 
 L’ Angober 51 83 oe | 
 : : | ‘Sept. J 
 Pad 7 tell Wbtbirh gi gy da 
 EAP OOO RE wh et Vek cee Sep} 
 La Vert Longue 4p 4A3% Boer a kot 
 Eayrarquils'* 9" * “Sea” Ca . yee 
 Ya Mufcat Fleuris: = 48 10g)” sald hie 
 La Bezi dela Mote. 49. 105 Odob. | jater than 
 La Rouffelin y §5 111-4. Ottob. | the former, 
 La Poir de Vig ne 47 101 © °~ Ofob.| will require 
 La Mefheur jean 44 97... Ofob. | tobe Plant- 
 4,107 \ Ofob.-+ ed againft a 
 La Sucrein Verde ~ >> 50 103 End of Okob South-. or 
 i: pk : | South Weft 
 a Lan can th? 44 °5 findofoaobs Roms ‘ig 
 La Befider} oe 51 100 Ofob. XNov. Expofire,* _ 
 . | La Chat 55 112 Oc0b.& Nov, Sexceptthofe, 
 . La Villaine @ Anjou’ ©57 116 Of0b.& Nov. for Baking, 
 | La Grofs Queue... 57 -Ci0b.& Nov. | which .ma 
 ‘ La Chat Brules «© §4 110 Offob.& Nov. | be Planted 
 | ta at. Francis ins 55 1 13 . : pla upon. a 
 . La Martin Se¢ © 44° 97 North, 
 3 La Doyenne, On, on pet "| Northieait, 
 Michel ete care, | Nov. | or North” 
 “La: Craffan 4t 93 Nov. | Weft AF 
 La Bure -d’ Angleterre 53 110 Nov. | peét. - 
 . La Bezide Cuifloy 56 12 Nov. es 
 Bs La Poir de Livre! gre? aie. pee t 
 La Louis Bon 43 195 Nov. v Deo. ieee 
 La St. Auguftine 45 Aa Nov.&Dee J | 
 aed 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 ieee 
 
 Volt 1 
 
 
 
 The Complete Gard’ner. 
 Abridg. Folio Times of 
 
 Situation or 
 
 Page. Page. RES: Expofure. 
 | 3 84. ; 
 La Virgoié a9 $5 Nov. & Dee. 
 
 Tae a p: 
 iy ee ae feist | Thefe will 
 La Chaffery 33 3. Nov. & Dec. L penuine. 4. 
 L’ Ambret ib, 85 Nov. & Deco og 
 La Petit Oin 2 94 Nov. & Dec. | Wall. 
 I, Efpine D’ Hyver. pe Ee Nov. & Dec. 
 VL? Amadot 1090 Nov. & Dee. J, 
 _ La Bon Chretien de 
 | Spaigne ett 52 . 
 ~ La $. Germain ‘Al 92) Dec." 
 _ La Colmar f 42 94 NVM, 
 La Paftourelle aa Dee. & Fan. Thefé be- 
 _ LaGrand Fremont 56 +32 Dete & Fan | ing {0 late 
  LaPoirdeReavile 51 eC Fan.) Ripe will 
 La Eranck Real ete Fan. | never 
 | La Double fleur” £0 108 (Fan. & Feb.) come to 
 La Roffellitd’ Hyver <4 Lt a ie! sas 
 La Cir er e without 
 Ta ae ih ve 98 Feb. & March P the benefit 
 ra Bugi « 107 of the bef 
 9° 198 Feb. & March | south Af 
 79 . petied 
 | LaBon Chreti @ Hyver 35 . i apSidaihe 245 walls 
 | La Carmelice. 6 che 2 Marto ®. Apr. 
 { aes 116 3. 
 | oe . ene = 5s ‘ .- ar i" 
 
 B Petic 
 
 
 
7 
 
 _ Cherry Peach yellow Pulp 
 
 The C amplete oainee Vol, wi 
 
 4 iit of Peaches. 
 
 Etit Avan Resth 
 
 . Troy Peach . 
 Yellow Alberge Peach 
 Yellow "avie Alberge 
 Red Alberge 
 White Magdalene 
 Red Magdalene 
 Mignion Peach 
 Ttalian Peach 
 The White Peach 
 Little violet Alberge Peach 
 Little violet Alberg: Pavies 
 Boardine 
 
 Cherry Peach white Pulp: 
 
 Drufel Peach 
 Cheyrenx Peach 
 Roflanne Peach 
 Pavre Roflann 
 Perfique Peach 
 Violet Hafting Peach 
 
 Bel-Guard Peach - 
 
 Violet Brugnon 
 
 Purple Peach 
 Amirable Peach 
 Nivet, Peach 
 Pau Peach 
 
 White Andille Peach 
 
 Narbon Peach 
 
 Great yellow Backward Peach «, 146 
 
 Royal Peach 
 ‘Backward Violet 
 
 Yellow f{mooth Peach 
 The White Payle 
 
 ‘The Great Red 
 
 Abrig. Folio. Tighe of Ripening. . E 
 Pages Pages * yy 
 
 63 137 Beginning of Fuly, : 
 
 3 sg End of Angi 
 ! iS 538 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 58.137 End uly Begs Ae ; 
 | uf mY 
 
 = 3 
 138 i of Ae 
 6 138 a 
 
 64 153 
 
 59 Hig isa 
 63 153 : 
 
 End of Auguf a 
 
 59 147 
 63.138f ties: 
 “13 Sir pea dustin 4 
 aeiae Beginning, - Sepe 
 §9 145— afte, wih 4 
 64 154 7A little after Be- | 
 6 13° Sginning of Septem-— 
 E139 C ber | | 
 OO 14d aoe ty a 
 59 145” aatdadye 4 
 boty Middle of Septembes ' 
 138 ¢ A little after Mid~ . 
 
 65 | ate eg of September 
 153 
 138 | 
 
 > oober 
 
 ssi] 
 6s 1289) 
 
| Yok 4: The Complete Gardner: 35 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 
 
 b.. RUNS B 
 | FRUIT-GARDENS, 
 AND 
 
 Kitchen-Gardens. 
 
 
 
 Rae, 
 
 Wale ieee RT ALD 
 
 tose 
 
 
 
 PELL A Bk. IE 
 Of Pears. 
 
 La Bon-Chretien de Hyver 
 
 His is juftly preferr’d before all others, The Bor- 
 
 being of greater Antiquity, and has C7etie#. 
 carried this illuftrious Name for many Ages. It's 
 Noble to behold, by reafon of it’s long and Pirami- 
 dical Figure, being ufually five or fix Inches Long, 
 and three or Four: Inches Thick, and of 2 povnd 
 weight or mare ; nay fometimes above two pound, 
 
 
 
 
 
 E + It’s 
 
 
 
 
 
; i <2 
 } : \ . : “f 
 ' 
 
 ve The pies Cant ner.” Vol, t q 
 
 Iv’s naturally Yellow, with a lively Carnation Co. | | 
 lour, when well -Expos’d. ‘a 
 
 Ic lafts very long on the Tree, and endures the longeft 
 afterwards in perfect Gocdnefs of any other Pear. 
 
 >Tis good Stew'd or Bak'd, if gather’d before i it’s | 
 full Ripe ; but when ‘tis come to Maturity, and the 
 Ground good and weil cultivated, it will continue Me/=- 
 lew for fome whole Monthstogether, = = 
 
 The Pulp eats Short, but Lender enough. Its Tafte af 
 agreeable, and Juice jugar’d, anda little perfumed. 
 
 It docs belt againtt aSsuth-wall? but tho? our Author 
 advifeth to Plant them Dwarfsin {mall Gardens in — 
 “ France, yet the good Succefs of them in that mannet 
 
 ‘js to bet loubted in England 
 
 Some Perfons make different forts of Box Chretiens, 
 as the Lone, the Round, the Green, the Golden, the 
 Sattin, &c. bur they are all one. and the fame Fruit 5 
 only the Differerce of Sozls, Excpofitions, Seafons ot the — 
 Year; and Condition of the Tree, may make great al- 
 terations both in Colour, Shape, Goodnf3, &c. 
 
 Ii fhould be Grafted on a. Quince flock. becaufe on 
 a Free-Stock the Fruit grows {potted, fmall, and crump- | 
 led. Tis in Perfe€tion in February and Mareb. 
 
 La Burree. 
 
 The Burre. HE Red Butter Pear ot Ambroife, or 
 Iambret, the Gray Butter and Green — 
 Piss Pears are all one, only difference of Sail, Expo= 
 Sure, Seafon, &c. (as mentioned in the Bon Chretien ) 
 may occafion the Difference ; alfothe Stock they ate — 
 grafted on, either Free Stock or Quince, caufeth great — 
 alterations; but it does well on either, It’scall'd the 
 Butter pat becaufe of it’s {mooth, delicious, melting — 
 loft Pu! Pp. 4 
 Its Body is large, and of a beautiful Colourand ~ 
 bears very well commonly every year; in all Onn 
 o 
 
 3 ( 
 
 — 
 
 
 
(ie 
 
 ~Wol.T. = The Complete Gard’ner. 27 
 | of Grounds, and with indifferent ufage. It’s feldom 
 | or never aptto be Doughy, or Infipid, or Mealy. 1i’s 
 | Ripe the latter end of September, and bears foonett 
 ona Quince, 
 
 
 
 La Bergamttte. 
 
 -” ‘Tthas a tender melting Pulp, fweet and 7p. Ayn 
 | fogar’d, and has a little fmack of perfume — Bergamot. 
 | irs a reafonable good Pearer ; the middling tort of 
 | themvare as good as the biggelt; itdoes well either on 
 a Quince or a Free-ftock, and on Different Soils, and 
 | either for Wall, Dwarfs, or Standards. There is no diffe- 
 rence in Bergamers, but what confifts in tne Colour 
 only ; but then that difference is indeed real, 
 The common Bergamot is of a Greenifh Gray. The 
 | Bergamot Swifs is ftrip'd with Yellow and Green 
 _ Streaks, which appears both in the 7¥ed and the 
 | Fruit, bur as to the Goodnefs of each, there is litile 
 | Difference. ‘The fize of both is alike, being fome- 
 | times three Inches in thicknefs ; but ufually one anda 
 half, or two Inches. They both have a flat Shape, 
 | the Eye or Crown finking hollow in, the Stalk fhort 
 | and fmall, the Skin Yellowifh, and a little moiftifh 
 | when Ripe. pier 
 _ There are no latter Bergamots, as fome pretend, 
 only different Soils, Seafins, &c. fometimes make 
 an alteration, The Tree ulually grows fcubby. If 
 | the Ground be good and light, they do belt on a Free- 
 | Stock; but if cold and heavy, on a Quince. Ripe 
 in Sepeember and the beginning of Ofcber. : 
 
 
 
 j 
 
 
 
 La Virgoulee. 
 
 The Virgoulee, otherwile call'd the 
 | Buyjaleuf, Chambrett, the Ice-Pear, Vir- 
 | goulefé and Vargoulenfe. Ws pretty long and thick, 
 
 The Virgoulee. 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 COSMAS 
 
 Bad 
 
 | a . The Complete Gard? ner, Vole. 1 2 | 
 
 being three or four Inches long and two or threeInches 
 in thickne 5 its Stalk fhorr, flefhy, and bending ; , the 
 Eyeor Crown indifferently great and hollow ; itsSkin 
 fmooth and polifht, and fometimes colour’d ? it’s Green 
 on the Tree, but grows Yellow as it Ripens ; and, if ga- 
 ther'd at the proper time, is one of the beft Fruits in 
 the World, | . 
 
 The Tree grows very flrong, its Palp tenderand — | 
 melting. with abundance of {weer and fugar’d Juice, 
 a fine rich Tafte, and a plentiful Increafer. | 
 
 Ir Ripens almoft as foon as the Bergamott, and the 
 ¥eue holds good fometimes from the beginning of No» 
 
 msber ro part ot the Month of Fanuary. 
 
 ’s agreeable to the Eye; and thofe that Ree 
 
 well heed isd, have an acmirable Virmilion Bluth. 
 
 ir fuc Seals well esther on a Free or a Dusnce Sangh. 
 
 ir’ s preity long before it bears, and much of the 
 Frat is apt to fall trom the Tree ec dy it’s Ripe. 
 
 It lafts during the Months of November, Nebhite ea 7 
 and Fanuary. 
 
 La les Chefery and L’ Ambrett. 
 
 The Le-Cheffery, or or Befidery-faudry, 
 i a rane compar’d with the Ambreze. Thefe Two — 
 ae Pears have a Refemblance with-each o- 
 ther; their Shape roundith in beth, tho: — 
 the Ainbrete be a little flatter, and has. its Bye or 
 Crown hollower and de ceper fuak, 4 
 The La Cheffery has its Eye or Crown quite jetting q 
 - out, and fome of them refemble a Limon infhape, 
 Their bignefs is much alike, ofa middle fize, about — 
 Two or Three Inches extent every way, They are — 
 alike in Colour, which is Greenifh and Speckled ; 
 tho’ the Ambrezt iscommonly the deeper Colour, and | 
 the La-Cheffezy lighter and yellower, efpecially when — 
 ‘itt Their Scalks are bath reight and pretty — 
 
 lang, 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 Vol.I. The complete Gardner. 29 
 Tong, but the Le Cheffery thickeft of the ‘T'wo ; they 
 Ripen and Mellow together in November and December, - 
 | and fometimes in January, Their Pulp fine and butier- 
 | like, their Juice fagar'd and a litle perfum’d, but their 
 Perfume is agreeable and very delicious; the Le. 
 _ Cheffery has more cf it than the Ambrett, and the Pulp 
 of the Ambrett is a litle more Greenifh, its Kernels. 
 blacker, and its Skin feels ufually a little rougher, 
 The Le-Chefferies are pretty often bunched and warty; . 
 _ they differ very much in their Wood for the Ambrete 
 is very Thorny, refembling a wild Tree; the Le- 
 Cheffery is pretty flender, and fhoots out tome points, 
 but not fharp. The <Ambrerte on a bad Soil has irs 
 | Frat ota faintihh Tafte, anda fecret dry Rottenefs 
 inmanyofthem. The Le-Gheffery loves.a dry Ground, 
 The Ambrere is long before it comes tobear. They 
 are both in Perfection in November, December and Fa- 
 _omuary. 
 
 L’ Epine D’ Hyver. 
 
 This isa very fine Pear, and comes 
 
 _nearerto a’ Piramid, thanaround Fi- the Winter 
 - gure; tho’ ho part of it is fmall, ofa Thora. 
  bluntifh point towards the Stalk, which 
 
 is fhore and fmall, This Pear. is almoft all over of 
 the fame bignefs, being about two or three Inches 
 _ thick towards the Head. It’s much bigger than an 
 ordinary Bergamott, or Ambrete, or Le Chaffery. It 
 _ has a Satin Skin, its Colour between Green and 
 White, ripens ufually with the Le Cheffery and Am- 
 brett. It has a fine tender Butter-like Pulp, an agree- 
 able Tafte, fweet Juice, and admirably Perfum’d, 
 Te fucceeds well either ona Free or Quince Stock, it loves 
 a Soil rather Dry than Moift. It’s pretty long before 
  itbears. Ripe in November, December, and January. 
 
 La 
 
4° Te Compl Gard’ ner. “Vol. ya 
 
 La Rou ff lett. 
 
 The Ruf[eles. The great and {mall asfteere are ait” 
 one; but the middle faze are the befts. 
 
 Thofe of the produé of a Fat Soil are of a middling 
 fize, handfome fhap’d, more long than round, precty 
 thick Stalk, and fomewhat long, Gray Golour, rede 
 
 ~ difh on one fide, and dark red on the other, with — 
 {ome greenilh interlaced, which grows Yellow when 
 Ripe. “ Its Pulp tender and fine’ throughour, Juice 
 moift and agreeably perfum’d :_ it’s goad either Raw, 
 Bak’d, Stew’d, or ‘Preferv'd, or ta liquid or dry 
 Sweet-Meats 5 will profper in any Ground, and may be 
 planted either ‘againit a Wall, or asa Dwarf or Stand- 
 ard; bears larger and fairer Fruit, andin more abun- 
 duiick; againit a Wall: {¢s so long lafter, but foon 
 
 grows foft and pappy : Ripe at the end of Hegel a and 
 ‘ the beginning of none 
 
 La Robine, 
 
 The Robine. * The Robine, or Pear Averat, or Mulcat 
 
 Pear of Augujt, or Pear Royal, asit'scall'd 
 at Court. It’s of the bignefs and fhape of a little 
 Bergamott, between round and Hat: 1s Stalk pretty 
 jong, {treight, and funk pretty hollow into the Pear 5 
 
 alGlats Crowe ot Bye i i. liccledinlbane proton laine 
 ‘Pulp breaks fhort inthe mouth, burnot hard; it has 
 ‘an excellent fugar’d and perfuin’ d Juice, and much 
 ~admir’d ah the French King. Its Colour Yellowifh 
 white, Skin gentle, and hardly grows fote at alt, as 
 -almoft all the Summer Pears do. ” [v's excellent either” 
 °Raw, or Bak’d, or in Sweet-Meats. The Tree Thrives 
 “every where, but its Wood fometimes rashid and 
 ig hard tobe brought to bear. - 2 
 Ripe in Auguft and September. 
 
 
 

 
 Vol, I, The Complete Gard’ner. Ay 
 | | La Crafanne. | 
 
 The Creffan, or Bergamot Crafanne, is of The Crefin | 
 the Nature and Colour of the Beurre, tho’ . 
 differing in fhape; being nearer like the Monficur. 
 Jean, ot different fizes,of Colour Greenifh;, growing 
 Yellow when Ripe, and fpeckled almoft all over with. 
 red fpots; its Stalk long, pretty thick, bent and 
 hollow fet; Skin rough, Pulp extremely tender and 
 butter-like, but not always fine: fullof Juice, but 
 fometimes accompanied with a biteing fharpnefs.  [c 
 will keep a Month and not grow Pappy, and perifh- 
 eth very leaftrrely : May be Grafted either on a Pear 
 or a Quince Stock, Ripe in November. 
 
 La St Germine, 
 
 “The St. Germine is very long and The Ste Germine 
 pretty big; fome of them Grecn and 
 alittle Spotted, fome pretty Red; butall of them 
 grow very Yellow as they Ripen; Stalk fhort,pretty 
 thick and bending ; Its Pulp is very tender, and not 
 gritty ; full of Juice, burt of a licle Limonlfh tartne&, 
 which pleafcth fome and difpleafeth others. It’s 
 fuppoted that a Quince Stock and a dry Soil gives it 
 this flavour; the oe artne{s is ufually in thofe that are 
 firft Ripe: Tt docs. belt on a Soil moderately Moitt, 
 and on a Free Stock. . Continues good during the 
 Months of November,December, and Fanzary. 
 
 La Marquifs, 
 
 The La Marquifs or Marchione(sOn The La Marqifs 
 
 _adry Ground it refembles inbigne{s and 
 
 fhape a fine Blanguet, or a middling Bon-Chretien, but 
 
 on a fat and moilt Ground ic grows very large; it’s 
 
 of a handfome fhape, flat Head, little Eye, Crown funk 
 inwards, 
 
= t. eri ant cA TKI Toe ee i 
 e b : 
 
 42 “The Complete Gardl’ner ° | Vol. i | 
 
 : wards, pretty big Belly, and handfomely flopeing 
 towards the Stalk, which is indifferent long, thick, 
 bent and hollow fet; its skin pretty rough, green 
 
 Colour, flourifhed with flakes of Red like the Beurrees — 
 
 the Green grows Yellowifh in ripening, the Pulp 
 
 tender and fine, Tafte pleafing, full of Jaice,and much — 
 fugar'd, but fomewhat Stony atthe Core. It does . 
 
 beft ona dry Soil, Ripe in O&ober. 
 
 La Colmar. 
 
 The Colusar. The Colmar, otherwife call’d the Mannae 
 
 Pear, or Latter Bergamot. This Pear does 
 
 much Refemble a Bon-Chretien, and fometimes like a 
 fair Bergarsoe , Its Head flat, its Crown pretty great, 
 and funk very hollows its Belly little bigger than the 
 Head, moderately lengthening, and grofly loofening 
 it {elf towards the Stalk, which is fhorr, pretty thick, 
 and bent downwards; it’s of a fpotted Green Colour 
 like the Bergamot, fometimes a little Reddifh on the 
 Sunny fide, comes a little Yellow in December and Fa: 
 aguary when Ripe, and fometimes lafts till February or 
 March, Its skin is gentle and fmooth, its Pulp tender, 
 - Juice very fweet and fugar‘d: It’s an excellent Pear ; 
 but bad Soils and Seafons fome times caufeth its Pulp 
 tobe Gritty and Infisid. The Fruit falls ealily off by 
 Winds,before its Ripe.lts Maturity isnot to be taken 
 _ from. its turning Yellow, but when it yieldsto the 
 
 Thumb. Irs pretty: long before it comes to Bear. 
 ‘vs in perfeQtion in December, fanuary and February. 
 
 Le Petit Oin. 
 
 Le Pesit0in. This Pear is call’d by the People of Anjou 
 Bouvar,or Raffelet Anjou,by others, the Win- 
 
 ter Marveil. Its of the bigne(s and fhape of the Ambret 
 
 or Le chaffery, of a clear Green, a little fpotted,and has 
 a little couch of Yellow when Ripe,refembling a Mid- 
 ling 
 
 
 
 cae | 
 
| Senile yy pull Su ile i 5 a iaiiiad gli 
 
 Vol. I. The Complete Gardner. 4.3. 
 ling Bergamot, but not fo flat: It’s very round, and: 
 has its Eye or Crown jetting outwards, its Stalk: 
 
 - fimall, pretty long, and a little bending and thallow 
 fet; its Skin between rough and fott ; its Body une- | 
 ven and full of Bunches; its Pulp extremely fine and 
 melting, and not gritty; irs juice very (weet, and 
 vety much fugard and perfum’d: But notwithftand- 
 ing thefe good Qualifications, it fometimes grows 
 
 doughy and infipid, by accident of Weather,or moift 
 Ground. Ripe in November and December. 
 
 
 
 La Louis Bonne. 
 
 It’s fhap’d much like the Se.Germineand _ : 
 alfo refembles the Vere Longue, but not dp Lee 
 quite fo narrow pointed; fome are much 2% 
 bigger and longer than athers, but the leaft are beft 5. 
 its Stalk is fhort, flefhy, and bent; its Crown {mall 
 and even with the Badys itsskin fimooth, fpeckled, 
 and greenifh, growing whitifh afterwards; | which 
 happens not to the large ones: Its whitenefs and 
 yielding to the Thumb, argues its Ripenefs; it’s ve- 
 ry fruittul, its Pulp tender, full of juice, fweet, and 
 rich of Tafte, and grows not pappy, provided the 
 Ground be good ; but a-watery Soil makes the Frajz 
 large and bad, and the Pulp oyly: Its Pulp general- 
 ly hangs not together; the Fruit eafily falls off. Ic 
 
 does beft on dry Soil, It’s in Perfe€tion in Novem- 
 ber and December. | 
 
 LaVert Longue, 
 
 The Vert Longue, or Moule Bouche ; : 
 the Name defcribes its Colour and we ee 
 Shapes an old Pear and agrees belt pear, 
 with a dry Soil; bears very well; its 
 Juice {weet and perfumd, ‘and delicate fine Pulp,with- 
 
 out 
 
 44.. TherCompleteGard'ner. Vol. | 
 out any grittinefs; ichasa very thin Skin, andisa 
 good Pear. Ripe che middle of O@ober, = 
 
 La Lanfac, . ee 
 
 Ir’s call’d alfo the Lichefrion; i?s about: 
 the bignefS..of a Bergamot, the middle’ 
 fize are belt ; its fhapé is between round 
 ! and flat towards the Head, and alittle © 
 -Jongith towards the flak, of a pale yellow Colour, 
 
 fugar’d Juice, and a little perfum’d; fmooth Skin, 
 yellowifh Pulp,tender and melting; its Eye or Crown 
 big and even with tue Body; Stalk fireighr, long, 
 thick, and flefhy. “The Tree on a dry Ground pro- 
 duceth its Fruit of a Cinamon Raffle Colour,and ve- 
 ry good; but on a wet Ground proves doughy and 
 jnfipid. In Perfe&tion about the end of Oéfoder. 
 
 The Lasfac. 
 
 La Martin See. 
 
 pe asin It has an Wabeta red on one fide 
 The Martin fec. andahighcolour’d red on the other; 
 its Pulp eats fhort, and pretty fines _ 
 fugar’d Juice, anda little perfum’d. I: may be eater” 
 Skin and all, and as foon as gatherd. Isa great 
 Increafer, and keeps pretty long, aud agrees well 
 enough with any Soil. Ripe about the middle of 
 November, Too fa 
 
 Le Meffieure Fean. 
 
 . The whiveand the gray Afonfieur 
 The MeffieurFean. Ffohns are both one: It’s {ubjet to be © 
 {tony or gritty, and therefore dif- 
 lik’d by fome; alfo its Pulp is rough and grofs, it loves 
 a Soil moderately moift,and a mild Summer, and tho” 
 it grows large and fair, encreafeth mightily,and fuc- 
 ceeds almoft as wellon a ree, as on a Quince Stacks 
 re : flat 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 Vol. I. The Complete Gard’ner. 48 
 flat fhap’d, the Skin of the gray ones are rough, but 
 the white ones fmoother; its Pulp short Juice fu-’ . 
 gard, but fomewhat gritty. Ripe about the mid- - 
 _ dle of O&sbers ” i oe | 
 
 Le Por taille. 
 
 ‘This Pear is famous inthe Province of ThePortaile . 
 
 _ Poifteau. It’s accufed that its {omswhat hard, ftony, 
 and gritty, and feldom comes to good but in that Pro- _ 
 _ Vince, and not eatable sill ic begins to rot; and that 
 of many of them,bur few prove good : Succeeds beft 
 ~ on a Free-Stock; lis Juice is fugar'd and perfum’d ; 
 in Bignefs, Colour and Shape, it refembles abrowz 
 Monfieur Foln: Mellow in Fanuary, and February. 
 
 La Saint Augufts ne. 
 
 It’s about the Bigne{s and Shape of a fair 
 Virgoulee, indifferent long and pretty big, pai " 
 its Belly and lower part round, but fome- iba 
 what leffer on that fide and cowards the Stalk ; the 
 Stalk is rather long than fhorr, in fome ftreighr, in 
 others benr, not hollow fet, irs Eye or Crown big 
 and alutle funk inwards, of a fair Limmon Colour 
 alittle fpeckled, witha blufh of red on the Sunny, 
 fide ; its Pulp tender, but not buttery, has more 
 uice thanit feems to have: Some have a {mack of 
 Jowrifhnefs, which gives an agreeable Relifh; but 
 
 others have none at all, or very little. Ripe in De- 
 cembere _ - 
 
 Le Petit Mufcat. 
 
 Irs a good Pear when pretty large and, 4, 7.7, 
 when it has time to grow to mellow and ygyiray. 
 ripen well; it proves better being planted _ 
 againft a Wall, than a Dwarf, and would be more 
 
 . —_ efteemed 
 
 % 
 
‘Vol. I. The Complete Gard’ner. 46 
 _efteemed were it nor fo fmall, ripensalmof the firft 
 of any.Ripe in Fuly. 
 
 . Le Gro 47 ' | | 
 Le ae Planquet, $ ot Blanquet Muske. 
 
 La Blanquet Longue Queue, 
 
 aie “ane The Greae Blanquet, differs much. 
 Lonewaihd from that call'd the Jietle Blanguet, and 
 Blanqueis. ripens Fifteen Days beforeir. It’s the 
 , true muskt Blanguets it’s larger, and 
 not fo handfomly, fhap‘d as the leffer one; colours a 
 little upon a Dwarf, has very fhort thick Statk, and_ 
 hollow fet, its Wood finall, and in Leaf and Wood 
 refembling the Cuiffe Madam: but the Little Blanguet 
 has its Hod thick and fhort. : 
 
 The Long-cail’d Blanquet is a hand{fom Pear, its 
 Crown pretry big and ttanding out, its Belly round, 
 and pretty long towards the Stalk, whick is alfo long, 
 ficfhy, and bending; its skin {mooth, white, and. 
 
 fometimes a lictle colour’d on the Sunny fide, its Pulp — 
 
 between {hort and tender, very fine and full of Juice, 
 fugar’d and pleafant, but fomewhat gritty, and 
 grows doughy when too ripe. 
 
 The Grofs Blanquet s beginning of Fuly, 
 The Petit Blanquet Cpe en of Fully. 
 
 The Blanquet Longue Queue Chul. 
 
 La Cuiffe Madam, 
 
 The Cuilfe Me- i a kind of Ruffelet in Shape and Co- 
 dam, or Ladies Jour,its Pulp between fhort and tender, 
 Thigh. very Juicy, and a little muskt, very 
 
 pleafant when full ripe; this and the 
 Blanquets are the firft Pears that are reafonably good ; 
 it’s pretty long before ic bears, but afterwards pro- 
 
 duceth abundance. Ripe the beginning of Fuh, 
 a 
 
 
 
 \ =a 
 ee ee 
 
 
 
 
 
a9 «The Complete Gard ners Vol. L 
 La Cafpoletie: ie 
 
 This Pear is alfo call’d the Fraolete or Mu/= her 
 cat verd; i:’s a long Grayifh Pear, near as tee i 
 goed asthe Rebine, both for Pu'p and Juice | 
 and other Qualities, fave only that it’s apt to grow 
 foft ; its ripe about the middle of Augu/?. 
 
 Le Mufcat Robert. 
 
 It’s alfo call'd the Queen-Pear, Maiden= 
 
 pear, Amber-pear, Maiden of Zantoigne, &c, ane Mince 
 its Pulp is tender, and Juice irdifferently 
 Musked, and much Sugar’d; it’s a very handfome 
 Pear, it’s about the bignef of a Rufeles ; its only 
 fault is, to have a little Stony or Gritty fubftance, 
 and lafts but a lictle whiles it’s < great Increafer, and 
 ripe the middle of Fu/y. 
 
 La Poire de Vigne. 
 
 The Vine-pear, or Damfel pearby fome _. .. 
 faifly call’d, the Petit Oin, it’s Gray, Red- ssi ag 
 ith, Round, and pretty big; hasaStalkex- 
 tream long; i's Pulp is neither Hard nor Buttery nor 
 Tenders and herein differs from all other Pears, ha- 
 ving aflatrith, glewy Pulp, and often doughy: Ripe 
 in Offober, 
 
 La Poir fans Peau. 
 ! 
 
 This is alfo cali’d the Guine fower, and |, 
 Hafty Ruffelet; is longifh fhap’d, and lef 0 
 Ruffet-coloru’d ; it’s a pretry Pear 5 Fuice ny 
 Sweet, tender Pulps, and not Gritty. It’s a good 
 Pear, and ufially Ripe about the Twentieth of Ful. 
 
 Le 
 
 
 
 
 
48. The Complete Gard’ner. Vol. 
 
 La Mujcat Fleurz. 
 
 This is alfo call’d the Long-tail’d Mufear 
 
 The flows of dAutumnié it’s an excellent,round, reddifh 
 ering Mul- pear, of indifferent bignefi; it’s Pulp ten- 
 He der and fine, rich Tafte,and may be eaten 
 
 greedily like a Plum, or aCherry. Ripe a- 
 bout the middle of o&cber. 
 
 Le BonChresien 2 Efte Mafque.. 
 
 This Pear feldom cones to good, but. 
 
 The Muk- ona Free Steck, and makes a fine Tree ; 
 
 { er ¥ » 8 
 eh Shae the Fruit isexcellent, of agreeable fhape, 
 
 tien 
 of a fair Bergamot; its Colour is White 
 
 on the’one fide, and Red on the other; its Palp be- 
 tween fhort and tender, full of Juice, and perfuard : 
 Ripe the latter end of Augu/? and September. 
 
 L Orange Vert 
 
 iv's pretty big, dat and round,i ,its an 
 
 The Green0- hollow its Colour Green, and ‘faing’d 
 
 range Pears with Carnation; its Pulp fhort, Juice fu- 
 
 gard, accompanied with a particular 
 
 Perfume ; bears abundantly on a Dwarf: Ripe in Auguft. 
 
 La Doyenne, Ou, St. Michel. 
 
 It’s about the bignefs and fhape of a gray 
 
 The Deans Beurres its Stalk thick and hort, very 
 Satchel, £700th skin’d, greenifh Colour, which 
 i *, becomes Yellow when Ripe: It is a right 
 
 melting Pear, its Juice {weet, but of no very good ~ 
 
 relifh, tho’ ic be a little perfum’d: Its Pulp eafily 
 grows 
 
 and reafcnable bigncfs,about the largenefs 
 
 
 
an 
 
 Vol. I; The Complete Gardner, 4.9 
 grows, and as it were fandy ; it fhould be -gather’d 
 _ pretty green, and eaten before it’s quite Yellow, and 
 then it may be reckon’da reafonable good Fruit. It’s 
 fruitful in all Soils; beauiful when ripe, and bears 
 fooneft if Grafied-on a Quince: Is in perfection the 
 latter end of Seprember and Odober. : 
 
 
 
 
 
 La Befi de la mote 
 
 |. his is ancw Pear, and refembles pretty 74, Befi dé 
 _ meara large Ambree, only that it’s {potted — Jz mor, 
 _ with red. Ripe atthe end of Ofober. 
 
 Le Bourdon. 
 
 This Péa? much refembles the Mu/cat ae 
 
 Robert in Bignefs, and in the Nature if its The as dist 
 Pulp, Tafte, Perfume; and time of Ri- vibe pa 
 
 | pening s which is abour the end of Ful, 
 
 | and beginning of Augu/. 
 
 i, Efpargie. 
 
 Iv’sared Pear,-indifferent big, and . | 2. 
 | very long, and (as the Tranflactor ex- Oe Plligd Rue 
 | preffeth i: ) a little vaulred in its fhape, fi HST 
 as Pulp tender, but a little fowrifh ; 
 4s more beautiful than good. Ripe at the énd of 
 | Fulys | 
 
 La Mag delene. 
 
 | li’s indifferent large, greenifh, and 
 _ pretty tender, fhap'd almoft like a Ber- 
 “gamot ; mult be gathered before it 
 “grows yellow, otherwife it grows Doughy. Ripe 
 the beginning of Ful. 
 
 The Magdelen?, 
 ‘or, Maxdlin. 
 
pita! a Vs, Re, ee oe bee Bigs. 
 
 50 ‘The Complete Garde. Wo. x | 
 
 Le Sucre Verd. 
 
 
 
 “The Name deferibes irs Juiceand €o- — 
 jour ; it much yrefembles in fhape the 
 Winter Thorne, but {maller; itsPulp is 
 very buttery, Jui ce fugar'd, and Tale agreeable 5 
 the only fault is, that *tis a little ftrong towards the 
 Core. abe the end of Odober. 
 
 - phe preen 
 Sugar Peare 
 
 Le Bug. 
 
 unin is In Colour and Bignefs it fomewhat — 
 Edfter ie refersbles an Autumn Bergamot, but — 
 mot. not fo flatcowards the Eyeor Crown, © 
 and a litle. longer towards the Stalk; It’s greenifh, 
 {peclled with little gray Specks, which come yellow- — 
 ifh in ripening ; its Pulp is both tender and firm, and — 
 eats pretty fhort, but fornetimes grows doughy when — 
 too ripe before it’s gathered ; “tis very juicy, and has 
 
 a {mack’ of Sowrifhnefs, but a little Sugar will remedy 4 
 _ that defect. Ripe i in February and March, i 
 
 
 
 La Double Fleur : 
 | 
 “ie ies very beautiful, large and flar, Stalk 
 stiabied long and ftraight, Skin {mooth, bluth-co- 
 lour’d on the funsy fide, and yellow on 
 the other; If it be much handled, it turns black after 
 afew Days. Some Perfons love it raw, and like its 
 Pulp and Tafte but it's the beft for Compotes, or wet 
 Sweet-Meats, and therein excels any other Pear, it has 
 a marrowy Pulp, and not gritty at all, abundance of — 
 Juice, and colours well over the Fire. It’s ia Pers 
 fection in Marche . | 
 
 7 s | 
 ‘$s | | 
 
‘Vol I. The C Risse Gardnrs ga 
 
 Le Franc Real 
 
 Is large, rotind, and yellowifh, >», Hovis aoe 
 E papier with little reddifh Spors, Winger Koval, 
 _ fhort Stalk 5 ix’3 a great bearers peta 
 Ripe in Pies: 
 r fe L’ Angobers 
 | Ie’s pretty big and long, bluth colour'd ae tine 
 on one fide, and agrayifh Rafer onthe j,, - 
 other, the Tree in growih refembles the 
 Pcie and the Frutt mich like 1°. 
 
 
 
 
 La Bef deri, 
 
 > Esindifferent round, abe the bignefg The Bef- 
 ofa large Teanzs Bull, ‘ofa yellowith and deri. 
 whiifh green Galsiir, the Sraik pretry freight and 
 ‘dong 5 . irs a bakeing Pear, and biti an ene Fruit, 
 Ripe i in OGober and Nevembers. 
 
 Le Grefs 02 nonette 
 
 Ys alo call’d the Amtre Roux, and The predt Onlor 
 Red Wonder, and King of the Summer ; 
 irs pretry red colour’ "a, round aud indifferent large, 
 
 | Ripe ih Fay. 
 La Poit de Ronviile. 
 
 In Bignefs and fhape is much Ii kea fair pp, Ronviilé 
 
 | Roffeler or Ruffetin , its Eye or Crown 
 
 | pretty hollow, and funk in, the belly ulually bigger on 
 
 one fide than the other, bur yet every where pretty 
 
 | big handfomely floping towards the Stalk, which is 
 eta storia thickne and length, and not hol- 
 
 : ER low 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 52 ‘The Complete Gard'ner, Vol. 1. 
 low fet, the Colour lively on one fide, and very yel- 
 low en the other; when mellow, the Skin is flick — 
 and Satin-like, its Juice fug ard and agreeably per- — 
 fom'd, and che Pulp eats “thor. Irs faults are that | 
 “tis fall, fomewhat hard, and a litle gritty. Ripe. 
 in Fansary, and February. ja Die 
 
 Le Bon Chritien d’ Elpagne. 
 
 Isa great thick long Pear, of akand. — 
 fome Pixamidical Form, re(embling here. 
 in a Winter Bon Ghretiens its of a 
 bright red Colour on one fide, fpeckled with little 
 black Specks; on the other fide of a whitifh yellow: — 
 Its Pulp eats very fhort, Juice ufually fogar'd, and in- ~ 
 
 different good when on good Ground, and when it 
 arrives to perfeGt Ripenef, which it continues fo to 
 be fometimes from the middle of Nuvember ull anu: 
 ty ? ic would be more efteem’d if other melting Pears — 
 were not then in prime. The Author, after Twenty — 
 Years Experience, found irs Pulp tote harft, grofs, — 
 and ftony, efpectally ta moift Summers, of cold ; 
 Ground ; "tis bur an indifferent Pear, but looks well” 
 in adorning Piramids. In Perfection in Nowember, and — 
 December. 
 
 rhe Spanilh 
 Bow Chreti CH. 
 
 Le Salviati 
 
 The Salviati, LV bis Pear much refembles a Befideriin © 
 
 hape, but nor in Colour; Irs pretry 7 
 
 big, round, and indifferent long, {mall Stalk, which | 
 
 is fet in a ite hollow, its Eye or Crown a linile ho]- © 
 
 lows the Colour is of a yellowith Ruffet white: Thofe 
 that have great red Streaks, have a pretty rough Skin: — 
 bur thofe that have none of that red, are {oft enough j 3} 
 Its Pulpis tender, but not fine, the Juice which is but}. 
 dittle, is (ugar’d. and perfum’d, refembjing the Robsme 
 | f in 
 
 ee Se 
 
na 
 fe) 2 
 
 Auguft, and September.” 
 
 Le Bianquet Mas qeves 
 
 
 
 lk vettneles retty near the MMu/Cae 
 pes P af The musk'd EPan- 
 
 fine Skin, ot a pale yellowilh Colour A 7g ne 
 
 a lice ting’d with red on the Sunny 
 
 earthy and ftony matter, its Juice very {weet and fia 
 
 gard, ca the beginning of Fuby. 
 : La Paftonrelle. 
 
 ‘Ts much of the Bignefs and Shape of 
 | the St. Lezin, or of a fair Roffeler 3 its 7 be piel, 
 | Stalk bent, and hollow fet, and of-a mid- lige epherds 
 Sing length and thickaefs, the Skin is be- 
 tween rough and fmooth, growing a little moift as ic 
 | Ripens, its Colour on one fide yellowith, coverd with 
 
 red, its Pulp very tender and melting without any 
 _ Grittinefs, bur the Juice a litle fowrith : ’Tis bur an 
 | indifferent Pear. “oh in December, and Fanuary, 
 
 Le Beurre F Angleterre. 
 
 ___ Is more long than round, refembling 
 in Shape and Bignels a fie Vert Longue, The Englifp 
 tho’ nor in Colour, its Skin {mooth, and Beets > 
 Butter Pear, 
 | of agreenifh grey Colour, full of ruffer | 
 
 | of pleafant Juice ; but is commonly mealy, and eafi- 
 ly grows fofr, even upon the Tree ; and becaufe it 
 | comes in with the Vers Longue, Petit-Qin, and Lang- 
 | fac, ( being better Pears) ir’s lefsefteem’d. Ripe in- 
 | November ¥ 3 La 
 
 Volt. The Complete Gat Dnt: 5 2 
 
 in Tafte, Tis an indifferent good Pear, Ripe in 
 
 | Ruffee Spots ; ; having on the other fide.a litle bluth of 
 
 | Specks, the Pulp very bende and Purer-like, and full. 
 
 ~~ 
 
 i fide, the Pulp is a little firm, and not without fome — 
 
gs, The Complete Gard’ner, Vol... 
 
 hm a 
 
 
 
 Lac itron 2 Fyver. 
 
 iar ny Ir refembles in Shape and Colour a : 
 pb Winter middie fild Limon; its Pulp very hard, 
 7m0n. ° ‘2 ‘ shar. ] 
 ea oe ftony, and gritty, but fuli of Juice, and % 
 _expremely musk'd. Ripe in Fanyary, and February. = 
 
 Le Chat Brules 
 
 | yoat refembles in Shape and Bignefs the = 
 Sieh asin Martin See, bur differs in Colour, being 
 rat on one fide very ruflet, on the other pret- 
 ty clear, its Skin fincoth, Pulp tender, but a kind of 
 wildifh Tenderneis, inclining to be Doughy, bas but 
 little Juice 3 in tafte retembling the Beffdery ; it has:a 
 very ftreng Core: A Fruit ofliule value.  Ripein 
 O&ober, and. November.” | eal 
 
 Le Roffiles d’ Hyver, 
 
 ; This Pear differs very little or nothing: 
 
 roa iene from the Adartin Ses; kur there i another 
 hee fort ef a. greenifh Colour, growing yellow — 
 as it tipens, its Pulp between tender and fhort, but — 
 fu'l of GristinefS, is very juicy, and {weet enough, — 
 were it not for its, grcenifh, wiidifh Taft. Ripen ~ 
 February, : | | * 
 
 La Pair ae Livres ne et \ 
 
 The Pound yA Yay big weighty: Pesr, the Ski: : 
 Pear, prey rough, and ot a dark Ruflet — 
 ape _ Colour Staik fhore, and ite Eye or Crown : 
 hollow,, makes excelient Compotes, or SweeteMieats, eim 
 ther flew'd, or, done any. other way. Ripe in.Now — 
 vember, and December. ee ee 3 
 ; Le & 
 
 a a a 
 
Cale ives 
 
 LaRouffelines  - 
 
 Is in Shape like the Rouffelet, of a very chi at 
 light Iabella Colour, like the Martin Sec The oe 3 
 its Pulp tender and delicate, Juice very much fugar'd 
 and perfum‘d. Ripe in OGober: 
 
 Le Boucher, 
 
 _ Islarge, round, and: white, like the Befidery ; fore 
 are about the bignefs of a midling Bergamot others 
 _ are bigger than a large Caffllet, its Pulp fine and ten- 
 der, and Juice fugar'd. Ripe about the middle of. 
 
 La Pendar, ) 
 In Pulp, Juice, and Shape, is like the | 
 | Caffolee, but-a little bigger; its Woed alfo fae Eas 
 
 _ differs, Is ripe about the end of September. 
 La Poir Chat. 
 
 Is fhap’d very likea Hen’s Egg, or 
 
  almoft like ihe Minis See, its Stalk jg, The Cat Pear. 
 _ different long and thick, the Skin very fmooth, fat- 
 _ und, and dry; the Colour a very clear or light I/a- 
 bella, its Pulp tender and buttery, and Juice indiffe- 
 
 tent fweet 5 “tis a pretty good Pear. Ripe in O&s- 
 ber. 
 
 La Befs de. Cut ffo. 
 
 Is alittle Pear, about the: bignefs of the Blanquet, 
 | yellowifh, andall over fall of Ruffet Spots ; its Pulp 
 | tender but doughy, ntixt with'much earthy. and ftony 
 | matter, the Juice not very pleafant, and in Taft re- 
 
 F4 ; fembles 
 
 
 
 | \ ol. Is The Complete Gard'ner. eae 
 
», asda tihe wes ew Be " bs | ae a eka | 
 
 Wa : The be Clete Gard’ ner. Vol. I ¥} 
 
 fembling that of Services 5 tis bur an indifferent Pears 4 
 Red in December and Fanuary. . 
 
 
 
 La St. Francis 
 
 Is good of baked or pieced 4 
 it’s indifferent big, and very long, ye 3 
 Jowith, and has a very thin Skin. q 
 
 Tbe St. Francis. 
 
 L Orange Magee, sat 
 
 The Musted 8 sire large, flat, nad preity q 
 Orange Pear, Much ting’d with red, Stalk long, its Skin 
 ufually {potted with little black Spots, 
 
 the Pulp pleafant enough but a little gritty, Ripe — 
 the begianing of Auguft. 
 
 Le Grofs Fremont. ~ 
 
 Is indifferent big’ and long, and of ‘a yellowith — 
 Colour, Juice fweer, and a little perfum’d, its good — 
 only bak’d or preferv’d. “Tis in Perfétion in Decem= — 
 ber, and aan 5 a) aye pees eR rN . 
 
 La Carmelite. 
 
 : en Carmelite. Is large and flat, gray on one fide, 1 
 
 “a legis anda litle ring’d with Rd on’ the other, . 
 and in fome places full of ety ae Spots. It’ s ripe 
 in March. ; 
 
 La Poir Rye. 
 
 The R Is indifferent large, flat, wiid round, ‘ 
 P . ’ 3 
 
 on Rls dts Stall very long and fmall, and rae 1 
 
 eats fhort. Ripe i in Agi, and ai re De : 
 
 q 
 : : 
 
 ee 
 
 ok Be 
 

 
 
 
 \ Vol.L. The Complete : Gard’ner. in 
 
 La Callio Rofate 
 
 Is almoft of the Colour, Bigned:, - | 
 and Shape of an ordinary Monjieur The Callio Rofat, 
 Fean,put a little rounder, has a very Rofie Peble, or, 
 fhortStalk,and (et hollow likean Ap. 2/4" Pear. 
 ple; it’s Pulp eats fhort, Ripe in agu/t-and sep- 
 tember. See ee 
 
 La Villasne a Anjou. — : 
 
 It’s large and flarjof a yellowith gray The Villain of 
 Colour,and has a fhort eating Pulp.Ripe Anjou, Gc, 
 
 : in O&fober. oe Bawa * 
 
 iS i ‘ Le Grofs Queue. 
 Is fhony and dry, and therefore The taiP'd Pear. 
 flighted tho’ by fome efteem’d,be- 
 
 caufe it is much perfum’d; it’s yellowifh of Colour, 
 and of competent Bignefs. Ripe in Oa@sber. 
 
 
 
 OF 
 

 
 Kitchen Gardens. 
 
 
 
 
 
 ne a} 
 
 How eur dela Quintinye’s Difcription of — 
 acad Plums, oe Chere 
 
 La Peche de Try. 
 
 The Troy Peach. P a very good little Peach, but not 
 
 very conftant in Bearing, and is 
 furbjet to be pefter’d with Anes; it’s round, having 
 a little Teat at the end; the colour very much ting’d 
 with red, the Flower pretty large, tho’ the Tree is 
 bucfmall. — 
 
 ” Le 
 
 
 
: . 
 
 \ ob. 1, The Complete Gardner. q 59 
 
 
 
 La Violet Haffive. 
 
 ds an excellent Peach, has a moft de- wth Vicks aa 
 licious and perfum’d Pulp, a vinousand fing or, fore 
 noble "Vaite ; its enly faulris that’tis “ward Violet. 
 not large enough. | 
 
 L’ Admirablee 
 
 This Peach hasalmoft all the good The Admirable 
 Qualities which can be defired ina . 
 Peach,and has no bad ones; it’s very round and large? 
 and of a lovely Colour ; a firm,finejand melting Pulp» 
 a {weet and fugar’d Juice, a vinous, rich, and exqui~ 
 fie Tafte, ts not fubject to be doughy, remains long 
 on the Tiee, a great Increafer, its Stone is but fmall, 
 thofe that ripen laft on the Tree are beft, for “sis very 
 futje& to drop its Fruit half ripe, greenifh and all 
 downy, and then it lofeth all its goodnefs; ro pre- 
 vent which, the Tree may. he prun’d and cut very clofe © 
 “fo the Branches which fhoot out will be fairer and 
 
 founder, and the Frade better, 
 
 La Mignone, 
 
 Is the moft beautiful of Peaches that is, he Minion. 
 its very large, very red, fattin skin’d; and 
 round ; tipens the firft of thofe of its Seafon, has a 
 firm and avery melting Pulp, a very fimall Stone 
 
 but the Tate is not always the richeft! nor briskelt, 
 being fometimes a lictle flat and faine, ar 
 
 «ba Belle Cheverenfe | 
 Js.a beautiful Peach, and ripens next The Bell: Chee 
 
 after the Mitaion 3 it’s hardly inferior to: | Uereufe's 7» : 
 any inLargene(s,beauty of Colour,and © Peach. 
 
 good 
 
 
 
€o TheComplete Gard'nr. Vol. — 
 good Shape, which isa little longifh; ics Juice is a- 
 bundantly fugar'd, and well reliflicd, and is a preat - 
 Increafer: But fometimes it grows doughy, when 
 
 fuffcr'd to be too ripe on the Tree, or when it grows ... 
 ena cold mot Soi, tiie eaee 
 
 La Nivet. 
 
 Is a very fair large Peach,ofa fineCo- 
 The Nivetor, jour both within and without, which 
 Welver Peach. ver. ders it molt a greeable to look upon 5 
 its Pulp and Juice are very good, ® 
 _ frail Stone, and the Tree isa great bearer: 7tis not 
 quite fo round as the Minion and Admirable, but 
 pretty near it when the Fruit grows on a found 
 Branef, otherwife it’s a little horned and longith. 
 Bipeabour the Twentieth of Sepeember, 
 
 La Purpree, °— 
 
 : "Fhe Tree bears in great abundance (and 
 The Furple for that re(pe& may he preferr’d before 
 Peach. the Burdine,tho’ that be the better Peach} 
 
 ene muy know the Colour thereof by ie 
 Name, it’s of a brown dark red Colou, which penes 
 trates miuch into the Pulp, which is of avery vinou-~ 
 "Fafte; it’s very round and indifferent large, and the 
 Pulp pretty fine, Taite rich and exquifire, 
 
 b La Magdelene Blanche. 
 
 I’s an admirable Peach when planted in 
 
 The white a good Soil, and well exposd, bur very 
 
 Mugaelene. fabject to be injurd by Ants, Some Gard- 
 
 ners believe that there are two forts of 
 
 them becaufe fame bear well, and others but. littles 
 but the Flower of each is alike, which is large, and has 
 
 a little blufhy of reds alfo the Leaf of both agrecs,be- 
 
 Lai A : «= 
 
 
 

 
 Vol, 1. The Complete Gardner. 614 
 ing large, and very much indented’; they alfo ripen 
 at the fame time, which is towards the end of Aagup ; 
 and agree alfo in Colour, Bignefs, Shape, Juice, 
 Tafte, and Stone: Both of them are large, round, 
 and halfflat, very much painted with red on the Sun- 
 ny fide, and not at all on the other; a fine Pulp, a 
 {weet anda fugard Juice, a rich Tafte; no reda- 
 bout the S:one, the Stone in both of them is hore, 
 and almoft round; they both produce goodly Trees, 
 and the difference is Judged to proceed only from the 
 more or lefs Vigour of the Stock they are buded. 
 
 La Perfsque, 
 / 
 
 Isa marvellous Increafer, and of an 
 admirable Tafte; it’slongifh, and has Tae Peryfique 
 _all the good Qualities that can be witht Peach, 
 for whenthe Tree ishealrhy, and in a 
 good Soil, and well expofed and as generally Peach 
 Stones refemble the fhape af the Fruit, fo this of the 
 Perfique, is a little Jongjfh, and the Pulp next thereto 
 is but very little ting’d withreds it ripens jut after 
 the Ghevereufe, and a liitie before the Admirable. 
 
 La Vielette Brugnon. 
 
 Is an admirable Fruse when it comes 
 to {uch Maiuriry as to grow a little fhri- 742 Violet 
 vell'd and wrinkled,the Pulp is reafona- ee.” “i 
 bly tender, or at leaft not hard,it’spret- 
 ty much painted with red about the Stone, the Juice 
 and Tafte extremely delicious. _ 
 
 La jaune tardive Admirable. 
 
 Is a Malecotoon, but it wholly refembles zeeetey 
 the Admirable Peach, both in Shape and ea 
 Bignefs,fo that it may well be cali'd the yellow 
 
 Adinirable, 
 

 
 = 
 
 62 The Complete Gardner? Vols I. 
 
 Admirable, from which it differs in the yellow Gow 
 
 lour both of i's Skin and Pulp; they are both colour’d 
 red on the Sunny fide, and the red pierceth a little 
 inore about the Stone of the yellow one, than about 
 the whites it’s of good Tafte, bur a little fubiedt co 
 
 be doughy. 
 La Violet Tallistes ov, Marbree. 
 
 wale ant It has a vinous and delicious Tafte, 
 The later Vio- and when it ripens well, it furpaffes all 
 Jing Or the reft; it requires very much Hear, 
 ed Peach- . , : . 
 
 is a lirtle bigger than the ordinary Vio- 
 
 fet Peach,and not fo muchcolour’d all o- 
 
 ver with red ag thit, and borrows the Name of Mur- 
 ble, becaule it’s ufually whipr or ftrip’d with a violet 
 red. It’s apt not ro ripen well, and to chap andburft 
 all over, when the Ax:umn proves too cold or moift 
 
 La Bourdine. 
 
 The Bourdine. Ir’san admirable good Peach, not ius 
 
 ferior to any of the former,only it’s not 
 quite fo large as the Magdelens, Mignions, Chevereufeg 
 Perfiques, Admirables, Nsvets, &ce tho’ 1ometimes it 
 comes very near them. ‘The new-planted Trees area 
 little tedious before they come to bear, but when once 
 they begin, they are extremely loaden with Frat, 
 which occafions its Peaches fometimes not to be fe. 
 big as they fhould be; bur if fome of them are takéa 
 off about Mid/ommer, and only a reafonable number 
 Iefcon, they will grow large enough; they are the 
 roundeft, beft colour’d and moft agreeable Peazhes 
 ro look on, that we have, and theiriafide is as good 
 as it aPpcars outwardly. 
 
 Lae 
 
 
 
Vol. 1. ‘The Complete Gard’ner. 6.3. 
 
 A? Avaune Peach. 
 
 It begins to ripen a Month before other | 
 Peaches,and comes to. Maturity at the ve- oe be J ides 
 ry beginning of Fuipit'’s {mall and round-  yryemeg, 
 ith, with a little Teatat the ends isfo : 
 very pile that no Sun can colour it red, tho’ it fhine 
 on it never fo warm; the Pulp is hne enough, but ve- 
 ry fabje& to grow douyby, and has not fo brisk and 
 rich a Tafte as mott of the others have; is better 
 for Compores or Sweet-meats, than raw; its Flower 
 islarge,and of a pale yellow, makes no handfom Tree, 
 and the moft pefter’d with Anis of any. 
 
 La Peche d° Italy. 
 
 Isa kind of hafting or forward Perfique, bre 
 and refembles in all things the Perfque ; Att gees 
 its Bulk is noble, the Figure longith, with “““” 
 
 a little Teat atthe end, the colour a fair deep Carna: 
 tion, its Tafte good; but it ripens about Mid- Augu/f, 
 which is full Fifteen days betere the other, : 
 
 La Peche Royal. 
 
 ~Isakind of Admirable, but comes la- 
 ter,and of a darker red without, anda The Royal 
 little more ting’d with red near the Stone gag 
 baad, herwife ir? : later Adm 
 than that, otherwife it’s perfectly likethe rgbie. 
 ‘Admirable; and isan excellent Peach. | 
 
 La Rofanne. 
 
 It refembles the Bourdine in Shape and 
 Bulk, and differs from it inthe colour of | 74¢ Rgfanne 
 its Skin and Pulp,which in this latter are wh 
 ycllow ; both of them takea ftrong ‘Tin@ture of red 
 rs a from 
 
 
 
64. The Complete Gard'ners Vol. 1. 
 from the Sun, viz. a very dusky red; this Peach is 
 very fruitful and well tafted, the only faule is, that 
 "tis apt to grow doughy when too ripe. 
 
 t 
 
 ag Alberge rouge. 
 
 Is one of our prettieft Peaches, for its 
 
 peat Al’ "vinous and rich Tafte, if ri ripe enough 3 0- 
 
 cae therwife irs Pulp is hard ’tis no bigger 
 
 than a Troy Peach,and much like it, bur feems to be 
 
 more colour’d with red3 the only fault is, that « Us 
 not large. 
 
 La Magdelena rouge. 
 
 ut Is round, flat, and finking, ver 
 he reas: cuchcolndtaeue red a aa Mid 
 double Troy tY much within s it’s indifferent large, 
 Peach. and apt to grow ‘double and twin-likey 
 which hinders it from produciag fair ~ 
 Fruits the Flower is large and high colour’d, its Pulp 
 not very fine, but "Tafte good enough, but not near 
 fo good as thofe before mention’d, tho’? in fome 
 places it improves both in Bigne(s and Talte ex- 
 
 tremely. 
 La Belle de Garde. 
 
 Is a fair Peach, alittle foonér ripe; 
 The Belgard and Jo(s tinétur’d with red both within 
 and without than the ddmirable, its Pulp 
 a little more yellowifh,but the Tafte not quite fo rich 
 otherwife in Bulk and Figure iz might be raken tor 
 an Admirable; but produesth not fo good a Tice as 
 that. 
 
 
 
‘Vol. I. The Complete Gardner, 6s 
 La Pavie Blanch. } 
 
 In the ourfide it differs not atallfromthe 
 tohite Magdelene, only in opening it we find rhe 
 ita Pavie, ( viz. cleaving to the Stone 5 ) it 
 _ hasa firm Pulp,-and a gocd brisk Tafte ibis when 
 full ripe. | 
 
 
 
 
 
 La Pavie Rouge de Pompone. 
 
 ei lt's orodigioutly large, being fometimes 
 Twelve or Fourteen Inches about, ot a 77° e4 
 very lovely red Colour; and nothing is aig 
 mote delightful to behold, than when’ ftrous Pavies 
 “good Wall-Tree has a good quantity of 
 
 them; when they come to ripen well, and in fair wea- 
 | ther a Garden is much honour’d ia being adorn’d with 
 them, the Hand well {atisfied to hold chert and the 
 _ Mouth aes pleas’d in eating of them. 
 
 The Red Pa- 
 
 La Blanche Andille. 
 
 |- Isa great iacreafer, fair to the Eye. rhe sabite 
 large, round, and far, takes a lively Co- Andille, 
 Jour in the Sun, but no red within ; it’s ins ; 
 | different good, when not fuffer’d to ripen too much 
 onthe Tree, forthen it grows doughy. 
 
 &) 
 ys) 
 
66 The complete Gardner. Vol. 1. 
 A Catalogue of good Peaches, as cid Ripe fucceffi vely 1 
 
 in courfe. ' 
 
 | Time of Ripening — 
 
 p* Avant Peach — Beginning of Fuly! , 
 _ Troy Peach End of Fh “and beginning of | 
 
 Yellow Alberge Peach (Angufr 4 
 
 Little Yellow Pause Alberge a little after. i 
 
 Red Alberge 
 
 White Magdelen Peach 
 
 Red Magdelen Peach 
 
 t 
 ie 
 ! 
 
 Minton Peach Middle of 
 Italian Peach Auguft. : 
 White Peach . 
 Little violet Alberge Peach $ 4 
 Little violet Pavie Alberge End of Augu/t. 
 Bourdine Peach : 
 Droufel Peach ; Be s 
 Cherry Peach, yellow Pulp Gin of Augnft. 
 Cherry Peach, white Pulp | ) 
 Chevereufe Peach 
 
 Rofanne Peach , € Bening of 
 Pavie Rofanne Sep. 
 Perfique Peach | 
 Violet hafting Peach . 
 Bell Gard Peach | A little after the | 
 Violet Brugnon, or Neélarin beginning of Sep, 
 Purple Peach | . 
 Admirable Peach Middle of Sep. — 
 Nivet Peach i 
 Pau Peach 
 White Andille Peach 
 Narbon Peach I Jmiddle of Sep. 
 
 Great yellow backward Peach 
 Royal Peach Ff | 
 Backward violet Peach : e | 
 Yellow fmooth Peach ay ‘ 
 The great red 2 
 White Panie . | Thefe 
 
 A Oy 
 
 
 
, 
 i 
 
 | 
 f 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Vol. I. iy Comite Gaver: : é> 
 
 Thefe are condemn’ d by ihe Author as the sida of 
 Peaches. 
 
 Nip le Peach 7 
 
 Yellow (mooth Bragtion 
 
 Sanguinole 
 
 Bloody Peach 4 Ripe at the énd 
 White Corbeil of Offober: 
 Double Flezir | 
 
 | Nur Peech 
 
 
 
 Of Plumbs. 
 
 HERE are almoft irfinire forts of Plums, A 
 
 good Pim fhould have a fine, tender, and mele 
 
 ting BPoip: a very {weet and fugar'd Juice, a rich and 
 
 exquifite Tafte, whith in fotne is perfum’d; they are 
 to be eaten raw, and without Sugar. 
 
 f Blew Perdrigein, 
 White Perdrigons 
 St. Catharine. 
 | Apricot Plum. 
 Rocke Cordon. 
 haan sy | Eniprefs, 
 A Catologue of hidbelt Pluns.4 Latter Perdrigod 
 Reine Claud, 
 | Ieperial, 
 La Royal: 
 Blew | 
 Red »damaslé 
 | white§ 
 | “White Mirable? 
 
 
 
 Ge Platibs 
 
NR Sa a 
 yay 
 
 _ a bli | 1 is tM hie 
 4 i H 
 
 | Wolk: oe The Complete ; Pie 68 
 
 Plums dé ings according to their feveral Qualifications 5. | 
 
 as to their Tafte, Figure, Colour, &c, 
 
 Plums, whofe Pole. is doughy 5 Perdrigon of Cernay, 
 and mealy. White double Bloffom 
 ‘Black Damask Hafting 
 Ofa fherp, a fo with Date Plum. 
 Tafte. Mayen, or, Pitch Plum. 
 ) — N Brugnele, 
 Musk Damask, 
 € Moyen, 
 Dry. : Aber Plum. 
 “ oem Bull Pim 
 S« Brignole, 
 Hard. sh __ Date Plum, 
 
 | Imperial. 
 Wormy. Many of the Daciek | 
 : 5. . | CDiaper Plum, 
 (Imperial, 
 Date Plum, 
 Plums very long. Tuert. 
 
 Rognon de Coq x 
 ae 
 St Katharine. 
 | Diaper. 
 Mirabel. 
 Long Violet Damask. 
 Dittle Date. 
 Mignion. 
 Burgundy Moyen. 
 , Rhodes Plum, &c. 
 
 Longith fhap’d. 
 
 Reine Claud, it | 
 
 White 
 
 Round, and almo f me , 
 at ” ; Gray <Damask: 
 (Se 
 
 Musk’d 
 
 Round — 
 
 a 
 
 
 

 
 69 ‘The Complete Gard’ner. Vol. I. 
 { Little Cherry Pham, 
 | Cernay Perdrigon. 
 Round, and almoft ae Royal. 
 and Har. _) Pigeons Heart. 
 Brugnole. 
 Drab d’ Or. 
 Perdrigon. 
 : 3t. Katharine, 
 Pretty large Plums. Apricot Plum. 
 Damask, €c. 
 = Bullock’s Heart: 
 
 | Wo Cernay Perdrigon, 
 | me large Piums. & 
 pextte | Imperial, whiie and red. 
 
 Little, . - Marabels, 
 
 Colour of Piums. 
 
 { White Perdrigon, 
 White Damask 
 St. Katharine. 
 Of a yellowith | Apricot Plumi 
 white Colour. » Minion. 
 | . | Reine Claud, 
 Drab a’ Or 
 ' Great Date. 
 . (Imperial. 
 
 Blew Perdrigon: 
 Roche Corbon. 
 Emprefs. 
 : : Imperial. 
 Of a Violet red Co-5 7 ony * ba 
 lour, | | Rou 7 ¢ Damask. 
 aa '{LaRoyal. _ 
 Violet Diaper: 
 LU cenr de Beuf. 
 G 2 Violet 
 
 
 
ep ak 
 
 < Great Violet Tours Dae 
 
 mask, <7 be 
 Rhodes Plum. RS: 
 L té ra Bee 
 
 ‘e % ase b Damask. 
 
 ’) Forwar 
 2 iis d Damask. 
 
 Pigeons Heart. 
 C pau Ree BS be 
 / Green Damask. 
 Caftellan, | 
 “Gray Damask. 
 € Cherry Plum.. 
 < Prune Morines. 
 Datilles, or little Dates. 
 
 
 
 : 
 
 olet zane 
 
 Black Plays. 
 
 Green Plums 
 
 
 
 Red, 
 
 
 
 As for the flicking to the Stone in Plums, “tis not 
 worth minding, provided the Fruit be good. 
 
 “Moft Plums, whether good ot bad, qu't not their 
 Stones. Damask, Plums quit their Stones cafielt. The 
 Pu! ip in all Plams is yellow, 
 
 
 
 Of Cherries 
 
 yi BOU F the cide of Fune Red Fruits bre gin 
 \ to come in, and, hold at leaft’ril! the end of 
 
 
 
 Fuly ; among which are reckon'd Cherries, Griots, and 
 Biggaroes, or HeartCherrigs, to be the mo ean 
 we may have Dwarf- Trees, of them, but Standards a 
 better, They are Fruits fo well known every whee , 
 that they need no Deferipss ion; nene of them are fo 
 prizd asthe Jarge latrer Cheval which are. call ¢ 
 Montmorancies, hia nexothem the Biggaroes or Heart; 
 «a Gberries, and in the third: place, the Griots, OF Agriots. 
 “The Guignes, or Gnigus, of which there are white, 
 
 red, and black, of indeed, carly, ripe, but they are 
 too 
 
 
 
Vol. I. The Complete Gard’ner. x a1 s 
 
 too fiefhy and infipid, and are not much eaten by any 
 Perfons of Quality: The Cherries which are call’d far- 
 _ ward Cherries, but are not the early ones of all, or trae 
 | Haflings, fucceed the Guignes or Guigns ; they are (air 
 | enough tothe Eye, are long ftalk’d, and ofa fharpifh 
 and bitterifh Tafte, and therefore are valu’d but 
 _ Tittle, unlefsit be for the making of fome of the firft 
 — Compotes, or wet Sweet- Meats. 
 
 _ The truly good and fair Cherries, commonly call’d 
 _ preferving Cherries, are thofe of Montmorancy ; fome of 
 | them grow upon Trees that fhoot out great and up= 
 wight Branches, and thofe are the largeft fort of them 3 
 | burthar fort of Tree bears but few of them. They are 
  otherwife call’d the Ceulardy Cherry. 
 
 ~The right fort of good common Clerries produce 
 | fimall Branches, bending downwards, and bring great 
 | ftore of Fruit, which is very {weet and pleafant to 
 the tafte ; one and the fame Tree bears both long and 
 _fhort ftalk’d ones; and it’s cheifly of this fort we are 
 to plant moft Trees. 
 
 The Bigaro, or Heart-Cherry, isa Fruit both frm 
 and crackling, lengifh, and almoft {quare, but al- 
 _ ways very fweet, and very agreeoble ; the Tree fhoots 
 out thick Branches that are luxuriant enough : Its Leaf 
 1s longith. ee 
 
 ‘The Griot or Agriot is are of, Blackifh Cherry, of a 
 pretty firm Conlilience, and véry {weet and excel- 
 lent; 1t bioffoms mightily, but withal is very fub- 
 ject to mifcarry in the Bloffom: It produces a thick 
 
 Dea f-Tree, with a Top compos’d of Branches, keep- 
 ing clofe and tight together, and its Leaf is broad 
 and blackifh ; none of the kinds of Merifes, or com- 
 mon black Cherries, deferve to be admitted into an 
 artificial Garden, being properly Foreft Trees, or 
 Wildings, yet may they ferve us at leaft for Stock ro 
 receive the Grafts of the choice forts of Cherries before 
 
 mention’d, 
 G4 of 
 
 
 
of Peas 
 
 I & Pricots are good only for wee and dry feet Meats, 
 | not being delicious tobe eaten raw in any large © 
 
 quantity, 
 .) tandard Apricots ~ 
 
 There are pretty good ones that grow upon Stand- 
 
 ard Trees, which are all tann’d and fpeckled with lire 
 tle red Spots, they are pleafanter to the Eye and Pa- ~ 
 late than thofe againft a Welle and of a moreexqui- 
 
 fire Tatfte. 
 
 Apricots againft a Wall, 
 
 The Wall makes pricots larger, gives them an — 
 admizable Vermillion colour, and caufesthemtobear — 
 more certain ; both forts are good for Preferving, the — 
 beft of them area little fugaed, tut u nas alittle © 
 
 doughy. 
 
 Time of Ripening, and es 
 
 Apricots ripen at the beginning of Fuly, ef pecially. the 
 hafting or early Apricot, whereof the Pulp is very 
 white, the Leaf round and greener than the others, ~ 
 
 bue no better than they. 
 
 The ordinary Apricots are more large, and their 
 
 Pulp yellow, ripe about the middie of July, 
 
 When too great a number of them knit upon the ; 
 
 Tree, a great many muft be pluckt off, and they will” 
 make excellent green ompeets or wet Sweet-Mears’ 
 
 72 The Complete Gard ner. Mol Iq 
 
 = eal Ps 
 
 
 

 
 Vol. 1. The Complete Gard’ner. 73 
 The Anjou fweet kernel'd Apricot. 
 
 In the County of Anjou there isa {mall Aprscoz 
 with a fweet Kernel, almoft like a Phslbert, and ac-. 
 cordingly, the Stones are ufually crack’d to eat them: 
 It has a white Pulp, yery good, and uvually grows a 
 Standard. | : 
 
 
 
 CHAP. 1V; 
 _OF Apples 
 La Reinette Grif and La Resnesde Blanch. ~ 
 
 He two forts of Piz pins are diftinguifhe 
 The Gray ed by the two Names of Gray and 
 and White , Eire ee 
 Pippins. White which they bear ; being in other re~. 
 | {pects of an equal Goodnefs; good Compotes 
 and Wee Sweet Meats may be made of them at all 
 times. They being to be eaten Raw towards the 
 Meath of January; before which time they have a 
 litcle point of Sharpnefs, which is fomewhat difa- 
 greeable and unpleafant to fome People; but when 
 they are intirely freed from that, they contract a 
 Smell that is much more difagreeable, when the Smell 
 of the ftraw upon which they laid to Mellow, inter- 
 mixes therewith. They are very Profizable, becaufe 
 of their being made ufe of almoft all the year long. 
 
 La Callville d’ Autumne. 
 
 The Callville Apple is fhap’d longifh,and 
 of a very Red Colour both within and 
 without, efpecially the Bett of them, wz, 
 Thofe that haye the moft agreeable Volee fmell 
 
 uta Be | that” 
 
 The Aummn 
 Callville 
 
a4 ‘The Complete Gard’ner. Vol. 1. 
 that render them fo confiderable. Thefe moft Ex- 
 cellent ones have always their Pulp more deeply 
 ting'd with Red, and are alfo more beautiful than the 
 others. They ‘keep moft commonly from O&ober, 
 the time of their coming in, till Fanuary and February 5 
 It’s 2 moft excellent Fruit to eat Raw; and no lef 
 excellent to ufe in Compotes or Wee Sweet Mears. It 
 fometimes grows dry and Meally, but that is not till 
 it is very old. . 
 
 Le Fenoullet, ou Pome d’ Anis. 
 
 | It is of a Colour not wellto be ex- 
 The Fennel  ore(s'ds ’tis Gray, over-caft with fome- 
 ae sige (UN thing of a Ruffet, coming near the Co- 
 lour of the Be elly of a Doe ; never taking 
 any lively Colour. It never grows very big, and 
 feems ta incline to a longifh Figure. The Pulp is 
 very fine, and the Juice much {ugar'd, and Perfum’d 
 with a litle {mack of thofe Piants from whence it 
 derives its name. It begins to be Good atthe be- © 
 ginning of December, and keeps till February and 
 March. Is Certainly a very pretty Apple, but is 
 aptto wrinkle and wither, as the Cour pendu, which 
 foliows.nex:, 
 
 Le Cour pendus 
 
 Is perfe@ly of the regular Figure of 
 The fort bung; an Apple, and of reafonable bignels ; 
 or, fhort Stalk’d of 2 Gray Rujet Colour on one fide, 
 “ei ~ and Dyed with Virmillion on the other ; 
 the Pulp is very fine, and its Juice very fweet and 
 Pleafant. ‘They are eaten with pleafure from De- 
 cember, till February and March We mutt not give 
 it time to grow wrinkled; becaufe then it is infipid, 
 
 and lofes thetafte. ‘Tis a very pretty Apple, 
 La 
 
 
 

 
 | 
 
 “Vol. 1. The Complete Gard’ner. 75 
 
 La Pome & Api 
 
 This Apple is of an extraordinary 4 if 
 piercing and lively Colour, It begins aie ta 
 to be good as foon as it has no Green : 
 lefr, neither towards its Stalk, nor towards itsCrown; 
 which happens pretty often in the Month of Decem- 
 ber, and then it may be eaten greedily at a Chop, 
 with its Coat all on; for among all other <pples, 
 there is none that hes fo fine and delicate a Skin as 
 this; for its {carce perceivable in the eating, and 
 contributes much tothe agreablenefs found in them. 
 It lafts from December till March and April, And 
 is wonderful good all that time without any manner 
 of difagreeable {mell ; but on the contrary has a cer- 
 tain little touch of a moft delicious Perfume. The Pulp 
 extraordinary fine. It’s a Breat increafer, and cer= 
 tainly may be commended for a very pretty Apple + 
 it has likewife this farther Advantage ; that it never 
 wriskles, nor lofesits charmirg Colour. 
 
 La Violette. 
 
 is of a whirifh, Ground Colour, a little 
 fpeckled i 1 thofe parts which are from the he vio- 
 Sun, but marked, or rather flriped with Jett zppie. 
 a good lovely deep Redon the Sunny fide. 
 The Colour of its Pulp is¢ry white, and very fine 
 end delicate, having ‘hiea anny fweetand {u- 
 gard, leaving: no EFarthinefs or Lees behind ir; fo 
 that affuredly tis an admirable <pple, to be eaten as 
 foon as ‘tis gather’d, and continues good till Chriffmas, 
 
 | Aeyond which time it will not reach. 
 
 The 
 
7 The Complete Gardner. Vol, 1. 
 
 The black Tee Apple. 
 
 This is of the fize and fhape of an ordinary Pippin, ' 
 ofa fhining dark red Colour , it keeps till Aprsl, and. 
 has always a tang of a Green tafte. 
 
 - The Cofmetts. 
 
 - Ave a fort of Calvils, which keep till February. 
 Their Juice very fower, Stalk long and fmall. 
 
 Of ri ines, 
 
 The White Mufcat 3 or, Mufcattel. Ajo the Red and 
 the Black Mufcatte : 
 
 HE Write Mufcat is clear, firm, yellow, hard 
 
 and crackling, Juice fweer, fugard and per- 
 fum’d ; it’s an excellent Fruir, its Berry round and 
 middle { ze. ‘There its alfo the Red and the Black 
 Mu‘cat, but the Write i is the beff. 
 
 Chaffelas ; or Bar fur-Aube: Three forts af them. 
 
 This is otherwife call’d the Barfur Aube. Isa 
 _ very fweet Grape, ites large Clufters, andits 
 Grain or Berry is large and crackling ; ; it keeps lone 
 ger than any other Grape, and gives great fitisfa@tion 
 when all others are gone. There are Three forts, 
 set the Red, and the Black, whereof the White : 
 is: 
 
 The Long Mufcat. 
 The Long Mufcat, or Pals Mufque, requires more 
 
 heat of the Sun to bring i ic to perfection, than the My- 
 cats before mention d. Corinthian 
 
 
 
| vy olf. The Complete Gard’ner. 97 
 
 Corinthian. Two forts. 
 
 The White Corinthian is a very {weet Grape, the 
 Bunches are {mall and long, and its Grains or Berries 
 fmall and fticking clofe together, and have no. Stones. 
 There is alfo the Red Corinthian, in fhape like the 
 former, but does not excel it in goodnels. 
 
 The Bourdelais, call’d at Paris che Verjaice irae 
 
 a a baie white fongith Grape, grows in great 
 large Clufters, and almoft never comes to Maturity 5 
 and coniequently good only for Sweet Meats, or to 
 make Verjuice with. Its Leaves are us'd much to gars 
 nifh Difhes with in @aober. 
 
 The Cioutat. 
 
 The Fruit very much refembles the Cha/felas in Cos 
 lour, Bignefs, and Taft, only the Leaf of the Ciou- 
 tat is dented all about fhe edges, like Parjly, and feems 
 , to bear more fruit than the wis poe but the Chajfe- 
 | fasts better. 
 
 The early,-or, forward Grape, 
 
 . Itsafort ofa black Morillen, andtakes Colour yery 
 eatly, which makes 11 feem to be ripe long before it 
 is. The Skin. is very rough, and when tis ripe, the 
 Grape is very {weet. It ripens commonly at the very 
 beginning of Ful. Ie’s but little worth. 
 
 There are. many other Varieties of Grapes, as the 
 Anana Grape, which ripens in the Indies, andthe Per 
 goleffe, “Whe Paffe Mufgue, and all ober principal forts 
 of Grapes, ripen even in the open Air in Iraly; but it’s 
 not fo in France, where none of them arrive to any to- 
 lerable Ripencfi, 
 
 : of 
 
 
 
° oe wet 
 TM 
 MO, 
 
 Vol. 
 ole @ 
 
 4 
 
 48 The Complete Gard’ner. 
 
 
 
 Of Figs 
 
 FE IGS bear twice a year viz. fir in Fly and 
 Auguft, and are ufually cali’d Pig- Flowers ; thefe 
 are worth little, becaufe they have gone through all 
 the Cold, and all the Rain in the Spring, which {poils 
 _ their delicious and excellent Tate. ; 
 
 ‘The other are ripe in September and Oétober, which 
 being form’d in the belt Seafon of the Year, and nous 
 rifhed with a Juice wel! concoéted, renders them far 
 more excellent than the former. 
 
 There are feveral forts of Figs, but there’s only 
 ‘Two of them that are really good, Vixs . 
 
 Great white long Fig, 
 
 The great white long Fig is in Perf:@ion about the ) 
 end of Autumn, hasan exquifiie Tafte, and does nt q 
 ealily caap. ad | 
 
 Great white round Fig. 
 
 The great white round Fig isa greater Bearer thar; 
 the former, and almoft as good, bur apr to chap and 
 gape towards the Head with wide Clefts, and there« 
 by loofeth much of irs Sweetnef$ and Perfume ; it’s 
 the great Rains that cccafion itto crack. Ripe with 
 
 the former. 
 Some other Varieties of Figs, 
 Black Fig. | 
 It’s very long, and pretty big, of a dark red Cod 
 
 four, but not quite fo red within as withour ; it’ 
 very. 
 

 
 Vol. 1. The Complete Gard’ner. 79 
 very much fugar'd, but fmewhat dryer than the 
 White ones. 
 
 Great yellow Fig. 
 
 It’s a little Red and Flefh-colour’d within; bears | 
 mech Fruit in Autwnn, but not very delicate. | 
 
 Great Violet Fi 2. 
 
 There are two forts, the long and the Gat ; bur 
 | their Pulp is clofe, and good for little, 
 
 . Green Fig. 
 
 It has a very long Stalk, aVermillion Pulp, pretty 
  fweet, and well tugar’d, but produceth very little 
 “Bruit. 
 
 La Medot. 
 Ir’s Yellow within and without. 
 
 Black Fig. 
 
 This differs from the Blaok Big before mention’d, 
 its Pulp being red. 
 
 Small white Fig. 
 Its Tafte is rather faint than fugard; “tis call'd 
 
 alfo the Hafting or forward Fig, becaufe it ripens a 
 fhort time before the others. 
 
 Little Berjafjotre. 
 
 Ir’s of adark Violet Colour, very delicate, but 
 bears little Fruit. Angelique 
 
oy Fee eS A ee ee 
 Bre Cle 
 
 “80 ‘Th Complete Gard ners ‘! Vol: ay’ 
 
 - Angelique Fig; 
 
 Ir’s of a Violet Colour, and long, but not very big, 
 me tgs red, and reafonably good. | 
 
 
 
 CHAP. V. 
 
 How to make the beft ufe of ibe Walls zz 
 | every Garden. | 
 
 Mong ite Fruit and KitchensGardens which are 
 treated of, there are fomhe that are entirely in- 
 
 Clofed on all fides with Walls, and {ome that are fo but 
 
 in part; fome again that are without any at all; as 
 for thefe laft, they are to be pitied: But the Condition 
 of the Gardens we have to do with, for many good 
 reafons require to be wall’d quite about, 
 
 As tor the firft, they have at leaft three Expofici- 
 ons, it being not poffible they fhould have fewer ; 
 and regularly they have four: Thofe which have but 
 three, are Gardens that are Triangular, which are 
 pretty rare: that being a cramp'd and fore'd Figure, 
 which ought to be avoided. As to thofe that have 
 four Walls, they are of a fquare Figure, which is the 
 
 comumoneft, as well as the faireft and moft convenient. 
 
 There are likewife fome that are Pentagonal and 
 Hexagonal, which are not very difagreeable for the 
 planting of W<il-Trees; yet are not very accountable, 
 they being attended with many Inconvenieéncies ; 
 
 and perplex Gard'ners, who are thereby hindted from’ 
 
 forming any fightly:Squares in their Kitchen-Garden’s: 
 And befides, the making of Gardens into thofe un- 
 ufual Figures, is much more chargeable, than to make 
 them fimply and plainly. fquare ; and yet when alls 
 
 done} 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 
iy a 
 
 | Vol. I: The Complete Gardner; 81 
 | done, tho’ they may have more ils, yet they can 
 have no more diftin& Expofirion than a plain Square ; 
 for let us do what we can, it’s impoffible to produce 
 
 ag 
 
 South, | 
 Now in Terms of Gard’ning, we callEx- 
 pofitions, every Wall that enjoys the A/pett, Alped. 
 and kindly Reflection of the Rays of the 
 Sun, during a certain time of the Day, ina different 
 | imanner from another Wall notin the fame Pofition : 
 | Thus we call an Eajftern Expofition, a Wall that is 
 eyed by she Sun, the half of the Day; that is, 
 from its rifing ’rill Noon ; and that a W%fferly Expo/i- 
 tion, upon which the Sun fhines the fecond halt of the 
 ‘Day, which begins immediately after Noon, and con= 
 tinues ‘tillSun fetting. "That which we calla Southern 
 Expofition, isthat which the Sun conftantly fhines up- 
 on longer than either of the T'wo former; and there 
 are fome Gardens that are fo advantag<oufly turned, 
 that one of their W2l/s is almoft all the Day cherithed 
 withthe Sun Beams. a ji 
 Having explained the Three good Expofitions, it’s 
 ‘no hard matter to.conclude; that the unhappy Nor 
 therly Expofition, is that which enjoys the Sun only du- 
 ring chat little time in which the Southerly one hashim 
 } mot; the Portion of thofe of the North thén, is to en- 
 joy from the Equinox of March, tothat of September, 
 the earlieft Rays of the Sun that appear above our Hor- 
 Tizon ; thatis to fay, to be flin’d upon betimes in the 
 Morning, and that fometimes for an Hour or two, 
 _and fometimes for three or four, and fornctimes they 
 have a fhore view of the Sun towards the Evening, 
 but, very often none atall. _ | 
 Ie follows from thence, that there is no Wall that 
 _Tias notat leaft.fome little glance of the Sun once a 
 Say, and that isa Favour not to be undervalued, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 (ts Dg te EP nel, MS Owe eM NT oeleee ays yet or eee vo , 
 : ite: y eo 
 * ‘ . mon ‘ “~ 5 
 1 ; ' i 
 
 any morethanthefé four, viz, Eat, Welt, North, and 
 
 Sey Oe OS OP REL ON 
 
82 — The Complete Gard’ner. Vol. 1. - 
 
 The Sun never begins to fhine upon one Wall, but 
 he fhines upon two at the fametime. When he rifes, _ 
 he ordinarily fhines at once upon the Northern Wall, 
 and part of the Eafterne ; and as foon as ever the pro- 
 grefs of his Courfe carries him out of fight of that of 
 the North, he infenfibly extends his Beams to that of the 
 South, yet fo, as not for a good while to quitthat of 
 the Ea?, but fhining upon both at once. Inthefame 
 - manner alfo, he leaves not off fhining on the Eafern 
 Wall, but in order to advance himfelf by little and 
 little towards the Wftern Expofition, and to continue. 
 in the mean while his favourable Afpect to the South. 
 erly Wall: So that thofe two Walls are likewife at the 
 fame time gratified with his cherifhing Rays. 
 
 Thus having explain’d what is meant in Terms of 
 Gardening, by Sxpofitions, any Perfon may eafily 
 judge of thofe he has in his own Garden, whether it 
 be wall'd quite about, or only in part. 7 
 
 The better the Ground ts, and the higher the Wall, 
 the greater number of Trees may be applied tothem ; 
 that is, we may place them nearer to one another, and 
 by this Means order them fo, that between two which 
 we may referve to garnifh the lower part of the il, 
 there may be always one to fhoot up and garnifh the 
 upper part, that fo the uper and lower parts of our 
  Fruit-Walls may be both garnifhed at once, and con- 
 fequently yield us Fruit fo much the fooner, and in 
 greater Quantity. Soon the contrary, the lowerthe ~ 
 Walls are,{o much the farther the Trees are to be placed ~ 
 one from another, and thofe Diftances muft ftill be 
 more enlarged where the Ground is very rich, than 
 when it is but indifferently qualified. 
 
 Our Defign in planting Wall-Trees, is indeed to 
 have fo much the fairer Fruit, but ftill more cheifly 
 to fecure the greater Store of its but Trees do not ~ 
 infallibly yeild Fruit, unlefs it be upon feeble Branches ; 
 
 and 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Vol. I. The Complete Gardner, = 93 
 
 and therefore we fhall have no Frase upon our Wail- 
 
 Trees, unlefs we conrrive it fo, that we may shave fome 
 Mfetble:Braiohes on thern : And if the Tree. be vigo- 
 
 rous, as they are commonly in good Soils, they can 
 not produce, any feeble Branches, unlefs they be allow- 
 ed a great deal of room, to ffread out to the beft ad- 
 vantage all thofe that are ft to bear, becaufe that fup- 
 pofing they be planted too near one another, and the 
 Walls not be high enough, they muft neceflarily 
 be pran'dfhort, or elfe they will fhoot above the Wail, 
 and: confequently will ceafe to be Wall-Trees 5 or elfe 
 they will fo entangle their Branches one with ano- 
 ther, that they will make a very difagreeable Confu- 
 
 fion. Sothat if then they becurb’din that manner, 
 
 if we leave them not Branches of fome confiderable 
 Thicknefs and Length, all the young Shoots they 
 produce will be always thick, and beat no Frat, 
 
 As no Walls of Inclofure ought to be lefs than fe4 
 ven or eight Foot high, fo likewife it is not conve- 
 nient to) defire Wals in a good Expofition of above 
 fifteen or fixteen Foot high. 
 
 - Reader, you are defired to obferve, that what is 
 material in Monfieur La Quintinye, from the end of 
 his fecond Book, to the end of the Fifteenth of this 
 Part, confifting of Pears, Apples, Peaches, Plums, Figs, 
 Apricots, Cherries, &cc. is now comprehended in the 
 precedent Chapters of this Part ; the Abridgers think- 
 
 _ ing itmoft convenient for good Order, and Method’s 
 
 fake, to place all the Fraits fucceflively We proceed 
 
 ‘now to the fixteenth Chapter: 
 
 H 4 cCAAP 
 
By. The Complete Gardner. Vol. I. 
 CHAP. XVE "4 
 
 What good Conditions are required in each Fruit- 
 Tree, to gualifte it.to be chofenand preferv'd 
 _ tofome good place in a4 Fruit Garden. 
 
 UR Garden being form’d, dunged, accommo- 
 _ dated, divided, and; in fine, ready for Planting; 
 and every Gentleman knowing what number of Trees 
 he needs, according to the bignefs of his'Garden, and 
 having alfo refolv’d upon the Choice of the Kinds, 
 and what proportion of each kind’he is to plant, with 
 refpect to the quality of his Ground, and to the feve-_. 
 ral Seafons of the Year ;, it is now our bufinefs to chufe 
 fuch Stocks of Trees as dre fair, and fo well qualified 
 as to deferve to be planted, becaufe of the hopetul Pro- 
 mifes they make us of anfwering our Expectations. 
 And here we ought to have to do with Gard ners 
 thac are in Reputation, to be knowing, exaét, and 
 faithful ; for otherwife we run a great Danger of being 
 grofly deceiv’d ia the kinds of our Frit, and efpeci- 
 ally of Peach*Trees, becaufe they all much refemble 
 one another, both in Leaf and Bark, excepting the 
 Troy: Peaches, the forward or Avant Peaches, which are 
 diftinguifhed by fome more vifible differences: For 
 which reafon it is not advifable to take any Trees of 
 _ fafpicious or unknown Gard’ners, or that are of ill Re 
 pute, how cheap a Bargain foever they may offer 
 them; fuch an Error as that being of two greata 
 Confequence to be ventur’d onat what rate foever. 
 Tree-Stocks then are to be chofen, either whilft they 
 are yet growing in the LNurfery Gardens, or after they 
 are pull’d up, and brought from thence: In both © 
 cafes we mult confider firft the Figure of each Tree 5 
 Secondly, its Bignefs, or ‘Fhickpefs ; LN 
 what 
 

 
 
 
 wee A 
 
 Vol. I. The Complete Gard’ner. 85 
 what manner they are fafhion’d and compofed 3 and 
 if they be already pull’d up, we muft take {pecial nc tice 
 of their Roots, and of the Bark; both of their Bodies 
 and Branches. 
 
 
 
 CHAP XVIL 
 
 Flow to Chooje Trees as they fland in the 
 Nurfery-Gardens. | 
 
 F we chufe our Trees in the Nuarfery Gardens, which 
 *twere alwaysto be wifhed wecould; and thac 
 about the middle of September to mark out the Trees 
 we chufe and pretend to carry off. Which cannor be 
 always done, beeaufe of the too great diftance we are 
 fometimes from the places where the Choice Nurferies 
 are. Yet if we can go to the places, we mult only, 
 fix upon thofe that have fhot vigoroufly that year, 
 and that appear found, both in their Leaves and at the 
 end of their young Shoots, and by their {mooth and 
 fhining Bark; fo that if any Trees have no Shoots of 
 that year’s growth, but what are very feeble, or per- 
 haps have none at all; if any before the Seafon, or 
 the fall of the Leaf, have all their Leaves leffer, and 
 more ftarving than they fhould be and the extremity 
 of their young . Shoots black and mortified, or their 
 Bark rough and wrinkled, and full of Mofs; and if 
 Pears, Apples, ot Plum-Trees be Canker'd, if they be 
 Stone- Fruit, andare found to have Gum either about 
 their Body or Roots, all thefe are fo many Marks of 
 thofe which are to reject. | 
 As to the manner how Trees fhould be fafhion’d - 
 
 that is for all forts of Dwarfs, or Wall-Trees, it is 
 
 better they fhould be ftraight, confifting only of one 
 Stem, and .one Graft, than to be composd of 
 two or three Grafts, or feveral Branches. "The new 
 
 ~ Shoots that will fhoot out, round abourthe fingle bo- 
 
 H 3 dy 
 
wa = = aS 
 
 86 The Fouled pis ner, “Vol ae 
 dy of the Tree, when top’t and new elansed being 
 more fit and plyable to be turn’d as we would have ; 
 them to make a fair Treés than if they confiftéd of two ~~ 
 Sticks or Branches; becaufe we cannot be affur’d, from { 
 what part of thofe old Branches, of the new-planted * 
 Tree, the new Shoots will {prout; and becaufecom- 
 monly they grow fo confuftdly and interwoven -~ 
 one among another, that we are fore’d to cut them quite: _ 
 away, which is time loft, both for the Advancement 
 of the Beauty of ir, and Hi its producing Fruit. 
 
 Thefe Trees ought to have good Eyes or Buds; — 
 which may promife good Branches ; and efpeciallyin _ 
 Peach-Trees ; fo that we muft never take thofe whofe — 
 Eyes are feemingly put out; becaufe it’svery rare that © 
 any iffue does proceed from fach: Likewile if there be~ * 
 Grafts or Inocculations, it will be beft to take away the 
 weakeft, and to preferve that which is ftrongeft and 
 beft plac’ d. 
 
 As for Standards, which are planted in the full o- 
 pen Air, they require no regular exactnefs in their 
 Beauty, and therefore may be planted with fome _ 
 Branches about their tops, which may be fhortned when 
 they are plants 
 
 
 
 CHAP. XIX. 
 How to prepare a Tree for Planting. 
 
 Here are two things to be prepard in planting 
 ofa Tree, viz. ‘The Head and the Root. 
 
 ‘As to the Head, there is but little myftery in ore 
 dering that, either in Standard or Dwarf Trees 5 it 
 being needful only to remember thefe two Poiats. 
 
 Firft, As we prcjudicea Tree when we pluck i iC UP, 
 by akin it tare by and abating its vigour and 
 
 
 
 activity > 
 
 
 
d <2 
 g 
 s 2 3 
 Se ig 
 : EN S 
 
 YIAS 2.tf V US wemaIIULEg pees oS p 
 
 PALS WPVM T DV wU0 P2702 apddzp- oy ad : 
 
 YIUWSP P24 V u0 QMIS/OYI/2T We 
 
 eee il 
 
 i 
 \ 
 ide ra 
 oe e: Me 
 
 ug Jo Zt0/ pool UO DIAZ apd dp Cy ad 
 
 \\ 
 N 
 
 Bi oe 
 
 
 

 
 Pe 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 ; Volt. Th Complete Gasil’ner: 8 
 
 activity for {ome time; fo we moult therefore disbur- 
 then its Head, proportionable to the ftrength and acti- 
 vity we take "fromic by recovering itto a new place, 
 and retrenehing fome of its Roots. 
 
 Secondly, We muft be mindful to leave irs Body no 
 higher than is Convenient for the ufe the Tree is de- 
 fign’d for: Some being to produce their Effect very 
 low, a8 Dwarfs and Wi4ll-Trees, which muft be kept 
 pretty fhort ; and others to produce theirs very high, 
 as ahiiends, which therefore mutt be left of a fuita- 
 ble heighrh, © 
 
 As to the Roots, cut of all the Fibres, as near as you 
 can to the place from which they fprung ; unle(s 
 it be a Tree that is to be planted again the very mo- 
 ment it is pluckt up, without leaving it the leaft time 
 that may be out of the Ground; otherwife the Air 
 turns all the young Roots or nie black, and confe- 
 quently fpoils them. But this can never be done, 
 except we pull a Tree up, and Plane it again in ano-. 
 ther place in the fame Garden. And for the better 
 prefervation of it, we may take along with the Rove 
 fome of its former Mould that hangs next aboutit ; 
 taking care in planting it, to place and fpread out well 
 
 that hairy or fibrous part. 
 | As to thofe that have been taken up fome time, 
 the Fibres being all taken away, we fhall be the better 
 able to {ee the bad ones, to take them quite off ; and 
 to difcern the good ones to {ave them, and to regulate 
 the cutting them their exact length and when we 
 find the Roots of any ‘Tree a little or ought too much 
 _ dryed, they may be fteeped feven hours in warer before 
 they are planted, 
 
 In fpeaking of good and bad Roots, it may be 
 thought, that the meaning of thefe is only fuch as 
 are broken, cr unbarked ; rottten, or dry: But yet 
 there is fomething of greater Confequence, which 
 
 H 4 is 
 
88 . The Complete Gard'ner. Vol. I 
 is, that every Nurfery Tree fhoots out fometimes ei:her | 
 all good Roots, or bad ones, or both good “ones and 
 bad ones at the fame time; “which comes ‘to pafs as 
 follows. 
 
 A Tree planted with the preparations recommended , 
 ifit takes, muft Shoot forth new ones, or elfe it digs $ 
 all ics old Roots being of no fervice to it: And of thofe 
 new ones fome are fair and thick, and fome dre feeble 
 and f{mall: but of thefe Roots we are only to efteem 
 
 ihofe which are frefh and new, and well plac’d. 
 
 Allchefe young ones are tobe kept fhort, propor- 
 tionable to their length ; ; the longeft in Dwarfi, of 
 what bignefs foever it be, which is commonly not 
 very big, never exceeding abéve eight or nine Inches’ 
 
 nor much above a foot’ in Standards. We may leave : 
 
 a greater length to the Rvots of Mulbervies and <Al- 
 
 “monds; becaule thofe of the firft are very fhort, and 
 thofé of the fecond dry and hard, and therefore will 
 be in danger of perifhing if they be cuttoofhort, 
 After we have fixed the length of our biggelt Roars, 
 the length of two, three, of four Inches will ferve for 
 the lefler and feeble ones, propartionably tothe big- 
 nefs of each, the leaft always'to be the thorieft , for 
 this {s to be done contrary to the method of Pruning 
 Branches. 
 
 Ose fingle rank or ftory of Roots is enough; and 
 two orthree good Roots, when they are well placd 
 round the foot of the Tee are better t than twenty mids 
 th 1B ones, ate 
 
 CHAR. 
 
 ra 
 
 Oe ee 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 Vol. I. The Complete Gardiner. 89 
 CHAP. XX. 
 
 When and how to Plant Trees, when ready fits 
 sa ted and prepared for it 
 
 T the Seafon for Planting, which is commonly 
 from the end of Oésber to the middle of March ; 
 in order to Plant, we mutt always chufe dry and mild 
 | weather, without any regard to the age of the Moon; 5 
 rainy weather being apt to reduce the Mould toa 
 Mortal-like confiftence, which caufes it not to fettle 
 fo well about the Roots, leaving fome hollownefs be- 
 tween the Earth and {ome parts of the Roots. 
 And though all thefe Months are equally fie for 
 planting, fo that it may feem the fooner it be done 
 the betrer 5 yet as it is beft to Plant in a light Soil pre- 
 fently after Michaelmas, fo it is fafeft ina cold and moift 
 Soil to Plant at the ond of February, becaufe the Trees 
 in thefe laft can do nothing all the Winter, and may 
 more likely be fpoil'd there, than be able to preferve 
  themfelves ; whereas in lighter Grounds they may be- 
 gin even at that very fame Autumn to {hoot our fome 
 — fimall Roors, which is a great advancement to them 
 the following Spring, 
 Having opened the holes, and laid every Tree to its 
 place, we muft take care to fink our Trees about halt 
 a foot, that is, the extremity of the loweft Rovt of the 
 Tree is to be but half a foot deep in the Barth, becaufe 
 the Ground wiil fink at leaft half a foor, aad it is bet- 
 ter to plant toohigh thantoo Jow. Ar the end of 
 fome Months the Trees wiil be funk to the depth of 
 about a foot into the Earth, which is the juftelt meas 
 fure we can affign them in that refpect. Trees plan- 
 ted deeper almoft always dying in a few years. 
 We mutt likewife be mindful co turn their princi- 
 pa Roots as much agmay be to. the good Soil, And 
 | tho’ 
 
go tie Complete Gard’ner. ‘Vol. IL. oa a 
 
 tho’ all Trees defign’d for Dwarfs ought to ftand up- 
 right upon their feet after they are planted ; yet if the 
 Difpofition of their Roots naturally incline to fpread 
 found, and require that the Tree fhould be a little 
 ftooping, to give that good Situation to its Raots which 
 they ought to have, it mult be allow’d. ; 
 
 - If we are to plant Trees along by the fide of a 
 Walk or an Alley, we muft take care to avoid tur- 
 ning the principal Roots towards the Alley ? as alfo in 
 planting of Wall-Trees to have the like care in place- 
 ing the Roots; not that any of them may {pend their 
 Vigour in vain againft the Walls. 
 
 Standard Trees mult be planted a little deeper than 
 others; that is, abouta full foot deep in the Ground ; 
 and whereas trampling is not good over {mall Trees 
 to make them fink too deep, fo it may be requir’d to 
 prefs the Ground againft the feet ot thefe Standards, 
 to faften them, and make them the firmer to refit 
 the violence of the Winds. 
 
 After the Planting of every Tree, if you have the con- 
 veniency of a Dung-hill, it will be of very goed ufeto 
 puta bed of three Inches thick of Dung aver every Tree, 
 and cover it over at the fame time with a little Mold, 
 to hide it from being feen, it being no handfome fight. 
 
 This bed of Dung is not fo much to improve the 
 Ground, which we fu,pofe may be already prepar'd, as 
 to hinder the burning heat of the Months of April, 
 May, and Sune, from penetrating to their Roots. 
 
 But if Dung cannot be had, we may content our 
 felves for thofe firft dangerous Months to cover the 
 feet of our Trees with a bed of Green Weeds, Fern, 
 &c, hindring any thing from growing there that 
 may fhade or cloud the young Shoots; and if it bea 
 great Drought, as if it often happens, a Pitcher of 
 ‘Water may be given tothe Root of each Tree every fil= 
 teen days, during the three or four hot Months, 
 making firft a Circular Trench round the Tree, that © 
 
 oy | the 
 

 
 Vol. 1. The Complete Gard’ner, 9 
 the Water may pierce quite down to the Roots of the 
 Tree ; and when the Water isall imbib‘d, fill up the 
 Trench again, as it was before, with the reft of the 
 Ground; but if the Seafon proves rainy, thefe water- 
 ings will not be neceflary. 
 
 
 
 CHAP. XXtI. 
 
 How toorder Trees planted for Referves, in O- 
 fier Cafes or Baskets. 
 
 WD Ecaufe fome Trees may happen to die, and yet as 
 § ) fares ‘tis poffible it is to be defired our Plantae 
 tien fhould be completed the very firft Year, there- 
 fore it will be requifite to prepare a greater number of 
 Trees than we have actually need of, that we may al- 
 ways have fome as “twere in a Body of Referve for 
 that purpofe, as we are filling up our Plantations, to 
 plant fome fupernumerary Trees of every kind in Ofer 
 Cafes or Baskets; but more of Stone than of Kernel- 
 Fruit, becaufethe former moft commonly are in grea- 
 ter hazard of dying than the others. 
 
 ‘Accordingly we mutt chufe fome good fhady Place 
 in our Garden toplant thefe Trees in Baskets, welltick- 
 etted, or at leaft fet down carefully in our Book, ac- 
 cording to the other borhof zheir Ranks, and of the re~ 
 {peGiive places allotted ro them in thole Ranks; that 
 we may have recourfe to them, if any Tree fhould 
 happen to dye, or languifh ia is place ; being defi- 
 rous, if it be poffible, to have our Plantation fnifh'd 
 and completed according to our firft modelling of ite 
 - Imorder to which, we fhould keep a leaning Po- 
 {ture in the Refervatory Baskets that are defignd for 
 the Wall, and in a ftreight and upright Pofture in the 
 faid Baskets for thefe that are intended for Dwarfs ; 
 So that when we have occafion tor either of them, 
 
 we 
 
Se ee ee ree la Sea See Se a il 
 oP ee i? ‘ ‘ 
 
 92 The Complete Gard’ner. Vol, I. 
 we may the more commodioufly remove and place — 
 them, Basket and all, fo as the Tree may be every whit — | 
 as well firuated, asif it had been firft planted there. 4a 
 
 This Prantporicy of Referve-Trees may be done 
 "rill Midfummer ; but before their Removal, we new 
 water thofe Trees we defign to tranfport, which pro- 
 bably will be the fairelt we have, moving the Earth 
 away neatly round about the Basket, for fear of break- 
 ing their Roots ; in cafe they have fhot any beyond the 
 compafs ot their Basket. We muft chufé rainy Wea- 
 ther to do itin, or at leaft mild and temperate Wea- 
 ther; and a time when the Sun is low, or a lictle af- 
 ter he is fer, or alittle before he rifes: We mutt 
 likewife be very careful not to fhike the Tree in re- 
 moveing it, for fear of loofening i it, whichis very 
 pernicious and often mortal. 
 
 When in removing of thefe Trees. we perceive any 
 of the Roots to be ftruck thro’ the Baskets, we mult in 
 placing it be very careful to preferve the Points of 
 thofe new Roots, place them well, and fupport them 
 ‘with good Moud, cover them immediately, and ram 
 the Earth clofe againft the Basket, and then water the 
 Ground plentiful y round the Basket, to make the Earth 
 next to it cleave the clofer again{t the Basket, fo as 
 there may remain no hollownefs between. 
 ~ On thofe Days whenthe Sun fhines hot, we mutt 
 cover the Head of the Tree with Straw Sk reens: *ill 
 - fach time as it bepins ¢> fprout, and then we may be- 
 Rin to take chem off ar night ; bur this laft Precaution 
 is not neceflary, but when we fee any new Roots {prout 
 out of the Baskers, or when the Tree hasbeen fhaken 
 and loofen’d. We mult take great care not to ex- 
 pofe any of the new Roots to the Air, otherwile they 
 will prefently grow black and die. 
 The Bignels of the Baskets muft be in proportion 
 to the Reots of the Trees, that about three Inches 
 
 diftance may be between the Baskee and the oi 
 o 
 
 
 
 
 ~ 
 

 
 Vol.I. The Complete Gard’ ner, 92 
 
 of the Roots, in order to put good Mou/d therein. 
 The Baskets for Standards muft be greater than for 
 
 Dwarfs, and thofe for Dwarfs bigger than thofe for 
 Walls. : 
 A little coft will put our Minds at eafé in this re. 
 fpect, and for want of that we lofe much Time and 
 Pleafure too. ; 
 Let us now proceed to the Mafter Work of Gard’ 
 ning, Which is Pruning. 7 
 
 OF 
 
 
 
94  ‘TheComplete Gardner: Vol. Ie 
 
 
 
 
 
 OF 
 FRUIT-GARDENS, 
 AND Oe : 
 
 Kitchen-Gardens. 
 
 WV OLIL PAR 
 
 
 
 CHAP. I. 
 Definition of the Pruning of T. 1eess 
 
 1) RU NING isan Operation of Gard'ning for three 
 three Things which areto be done yearly to Trees, 
 from betwixt the beginning of the Month of Novem- 
 
 ber to the end of March. 
 Firft, to take away all thofe Branches that are 
 
 nought, or might be prejudicial either to the Abua- 
 dance or Goodnefs of Fruit, as alfo to the Beauty of 
 the Tree. 
 
 Secondly, To preferve all thofe that may be of good 
 _ufe to thofe Trees. And, . 
 
 Thirdly, Prudently to clip thofe that are found too 
 long, and not to cut any thing off thofe that have not 
 too much Lengzb, 
 
 And 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 Vol. I. The Complete Gard’ner. 95 
 
 And all this in order to make a Tree lafting, to beau- 
 tifie ir, and at the fame time difpofe ir foon to bear a 
 great deal of fine and good Fruit, 
 
 By Branches that are nought, are meant thofe that 
 are of falfe Wood, thofe that are decay’d by having 
 yielded much Fruit, and thofe that are too {mall, or 
 have no difpofition to produce either Wood or Fruit. 
 
 By Branches that may be prejudicial either to the 
 Beauty of the Tree, Abundance or Goodnefs of the 
 Fruit; are meant, fuch as caufe a Confufion, or fha- 
 dow the Fruit, as well as thofe that take part of the 
 Sap of the Tree, when it is over-charg’d with “cod, 
 compar ’d to it’s Vigour. 
 
 By Branches that may be of good ufe, are meant 
 all thofe that are fo well condition’d, as tobe fit to 
 contribute to the Beautiful Figure cf the Tree, and ins 
 fallibly to produce Fruic. | 
 
 By Branches that are too long, are meant {uch as ex- 
 ceed nine or ten Inchesin length, and fo confequently 
 want to be fhortned; fuch are all the thick Branches 
 which we call Branches for Wood, and fome of the 
 {mall ones, which we call Branches for Fruit. 
 
 By Branches that have not too much length, are 
 meant certain little Branches, which being of a mo- 
 derate thicknefs, have Buds at the ends of them, or 
 are in a difpofition of having fome the following Year, 
 and yet are {trong enough to bear the Fruits they are 
 to produce without breaking. 
 
 This fo material diftinGtion in point of Branches, 
 fhall be more particularly explain’d in the Chapters 
 that treat of the manner of Pruning. 
 
 CHAP. 
 

 
 g6 TheCémplete Gard'ner. ~ Vol. I 
 CHAP. Il, and Il. | 
 Of the Reafons, and Time of Pruning. 22:2 
 
 11H E Reafons for which Pruning is ue’d are two's 
 the firft and cheif is, the fpeedy gettting of as 
 bundance of fine and good Fruit: The fecond informs 
 us that Pruning ferves to make Trees in all Seafons ap- 
 pear more agreeable to fight, than they would do if 
 they were not prun’d. ts re 
 ‘The SatisfaGtion of this laft Point depends wholly 
 upon the well underftanding, and well proportioning’ 
 the Figure which a skilful band is capable of giving to. 
 each Tree: And as to the abundance of fine and good 
 Fruit, it depends; Firlt; upon the knowledge the 
 Gardner is to have of every Branch in particular, to 
 know thofe thatare gocd from thofe thatarenot; 
 Secondly, Itdepends upon. the judicious DiftinGion 
 which is to be mad¢ among the Branches, wholly to 
 take out all thofe that are bad or uleleis, and careful< 
 ly to preferve all thé good ones. Bi. Shp 
 ee It’s very good to prune at the-end of February, and 
 ~~. atthe beginning of March; tho’ one may bégin! to 
 |<  prine as toon as the Leaves are fallen off the Trees, at. 
 “the end of Oécber, ar at leaft about che middle of 
 Noo:mber, which may be contiru:d afterwards for 
 the whole Winter, And baving commonly three 
 forts of Trees to prune, one too weak, the othertoo 
 vigorous, and the others that are in as good cale as 
 . canbe deftred, it will be proper to prune fc nz fooner, 
 and others later ; for the weaker and more languifh- 
 ing a Tree is, the fooner it ought to be prund, to eafe 
 it of thofe Branches that are noifom and ufelefs: So . 
 likewife the more vigorous a Tree is; the longer the 
 pruning of it may be deferr’d, 
 Bur it is not advifable to ftay “ull the end of Win- 
 ter, “ull February or March ; becaule that ts the a 
 é 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Vol. II: The Complete Gard’ ner. 97 
 eft time of htirry, for all manner bE Works telating 
 to Gard’ ning all comes at once, at the entrance of 
 Spring, the Tillage of the whole Garden, the fowing 
 of moft Kirchen-Plants, the budding of Artichoaks, the. 
 making of different Beds, the cleanfing of the Walks, 
 fo thatit would be a ftrange Confufion to have at the 
 fame time the meft confiderable of all Works todo : 
 it being the only one in which no fmall Faults can 
 be committed, 
 
 The Author hear fpeaks of extreme hard Frofts, 
 fuch as have not been fince the Memory of Man, and 
 in thofe Seafons he prun’d his Peach Trees beforé the 
 great Cold camé on; without finding the leaft Incon: 
 veniency by it. 
 
 The proper times being regulated for Pruning, we 
 thall now proceed farther. | 
 _ ©The tourth Chapter treats of nothing material, 
 
 ‘more than what’s fpcken’ of in the {econd : Theres 
 
 * fore we proceed to the fifth. 
 
 e MS TP a $ ‘ 
 5 AS Ss bret 
 
 
 
 
 
 CHAP. V. 
 of the Idea of Beauty which Dwarfs requires 
 
 HE Beauty of Dwarfs confifts in a low Stem, 
 
 an open Head, free from thick Branebes in the 
 
 middle, round in ics “Circumference, and equally fur= 
 nifh’d with good Branches on the fides. 
 
 ‘The height ot the Head of thefe Dwarfs depends 
 Gnthe Age of the Trees, being low in thofé thar are 
 young and rifing in all according as they grow, but 
 hot to exceed above fix or feven Foot; it being bet- 
 ter thofé Trees fhould grow in extent of Ci:cumfe- 
 rence and Breadth, than to let them rife high: The 
 pleafure of S$ ight, which dreads whatever limits 
 fitoo much, particularly in Gardéns; befidesthe Per- 
 
 I fecrition 
 

 
 98 ~The Complete Gard’ner. Vol. I. 
 ~ fecution of the Winds, which eafily beats down the 
 Fruét of bigh-Trees, is a Rule to fix to that Mealure, 
 
 
 
 ; Cc H A P, VI. 
 
 “Of the Idea of Beauty which Wall-Trees re 
 quire, together with the Maxims of Palifading. 
 
 + S Fulnefs is the greateft fault in Dwarf, fo is 
 Thinnefs the greateft ImperfeGtion in Wall- 
 ‘Trees ee 
 - . But tho’ the Wall-Trees are to be full, itis not meant — 
 that they fhould be full of ill Branches, old, worn, or 
 ufelefs: So on the orther hand in defiring the Dwarfs 
 to be open in the middle, they fhould not be empty, 
 
 "dike the infide of a Glaf. 
 
 _. fmallone, or a fmall one over a great one, fince the 
 
 In the Beauty of Wall-Trees, “tis very difagreeable 
 ~ to fee their Branches croffing one another, which 
 
 ~ muft be avoided as much as is poffible ; but to cure 
 
 the defeé&t of Thinnefs, it may be allowed to crofs 
 . fome particular great Branches which are alone the 
 foundation of the Beauty of the Tree; but not to crofs 
 _ one great Branch over another, for that would occa- 
 fion Barrennefs ; but to crofs a great Branch over a 
 
 > {mall ones are fuppos'd to be thofe for bearing Fruit 
 
 _ and therefore when they have yielded their Fruit, 
 
 they are look’d upon but as worn out Branches; by — 
 which means the defect of Croffing may be remedied 
 
 CHAP, 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 ' 
 Pato 
 \ 
 A 
 ¥ 
 yy 
 Lee | 
 Long 
 ’ 
 ~ 
 
 
 
 ae 
 

 
 
 yi? fi ent Situahous of the first Branches produced sometimes by adree 
 
 newly planied 
 2, 
 
 
 
 Three fine goed \ 
 
 Br. eeear 
 
 
 
 
 ne fine good 
 
 Branches 
 
 A fine ey good 
 | Branch vid ian @ecor = 3 
 ding to the Order of 
 Nature 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Four fine thick Branches 
 
 
 
 Five fine good Branches 
 
 with some weak ones 
 
 ny 
 
 ORI 2 
 
 “tee 
 2 Branch 
 2Le tre 
 
 
 
 Ean: 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Val. Il. The Complete Gardners 99 
 
 ee ae VI. 
 Of Branches iz General. 
 
 ) Ightly to emderitand Branches, ies material 
 things muft be obferv-d. 
 
 ” Feit They compofe a confiderable part | the Treey 
 
 they. {prout out of tWo parts of it; fome hoor di- 
 
 rectly out of the main Body, phn are the firft, and 
 
 _ may | be call’d the Elders, or Mothers; their Wunber: is. 
 
 but few. And the other afterw aide are produced by 
 them. The Number of the laft are infinite, for 
 fucceffively in théir turns they become every one Mos 
 ther Branches to many others. 
 
 _ Secondly, From the Body of every Branch, when the 
 Tree is iN a good cafe, there yearly grows new ones 
 ~ onthe Extremities of it, more or cfs according to the 
 firength or weakne(s of that Branch, which is ‘call’d: a 
 
 Mother Branch in Relation to the new ones it pro= 
 
 ~— duceth, - 
 ‘Thirdly, Obferve that the new Branches grow in 
 _ two different manners; the one in a Regular Order, 
  whichisthe bef, moft common, and molt frequent ; ; 
 ‘the other i in an Irregular Order, ¥ which is the leaft com- 
 a and leaft frequent. 
 
 hat order which is moft common, and beft for 
 the Produdtion of the new Branches, when they pro- 
 duce more than one, isthat tho both the one and 
 ‘the other at the fame time iffue from the extremities 
 of one that is more ancient, whether Prun’dor nor, 
 they are notwithf{tanding regularly all of a different 
 ij thicknefs and length. 
 
 For every one of the higheft, are both thicker and - 
 
 Tonger than thofé that are immediately under ‘hem, 
 drawing hearer to the body ; that is when it produces 
 ‘More than one, for when the Mother Branches bring 
 forth but one, the Daughter or its production at th 
 
 I. ende 
 
100. The Complete Gard’ner. Vol. II. 
 
 end of Summer proves as large as the Mother, andis 
 
 wery good ; when the Mother yields cWo, tbat which 
 is grown from the extremity which is call’d the firlt, 
 or higheft, is thicker and longer than that which is 
 immediately beneath it, which iscall’d the Secoud or 
 
 lower. In the fame manner, when the Mother branch. 
 
 produces three, four, five, &c. Ass the firft, rhat is 
 the higheft, is thicker and longer than the fecond 5 fo 
 the fecond in the fame manner exceeds the third; the 
 third the fourth, and fo by the Degrees, what ever 
 quantity of new Branches the Mother branch may pro- 
 duce; as itappsars by the Figures. 
 
 ‘This being granted, ‘tis ealie to judge, that the 
 order which is leaft common, and worft in the pro- 
 duction of new Branches, is, when the commion order 
 isinverted. So that there are Weak ones in the place 
 
 where there ought tobe Thick ones,and on the con-. 
 
 trary there are Large omes where they ought to’be 
 Weak, and whereas perhaps there ought to be none $ 
 
 as vit appears by the Figure of Branches mark'd with 
 a * 
 
 Fourthly, ¥ is requifite to know, that as that grea- ~ 
 ter or fmaller Number of Branches depends upon the — 
 force or weakne(s of the Mother-branch, it will be it — 
 to call thofe Serong which are Thick, and to call thofé 4 
 
 Weak that are Small. 
 
 Fifthly, This is the moft Material point ; thata- 
 mong all the Branches, whether ftrong or weak, theré — 
 
 are fome which have the real Charaéter of Good, of 
 which a great many muft be Preferv’d 5 thereare likes 
 wife fome which have the real Charaéter of Good, of 
 
 which a great many muft be Preferv’d ; there are like- 
 wife fome which have the real Charaéter of badones, 
 moft of which ought to be expell’d. Let us now 
 obferve how to diftinguifh the one ae from 
 
 the others 
 
 
 
 7 pein t 
 nn, en 
 

 

 
 Different Sttuations of \the first Branches produced sometimes by 2 
 
 Tree newly planted 
 2 
 
 e 
 Branches Grown 
 f according Zo the Orda 
 \ 
 
 of” Hature 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Three good Branches 
 grown according to the 
 Order of Nature 
 
 Four goed 
 “ 
 Branches 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 . 5 i 2 ’ . 
 Three good thick Branches with\ Four good thick Branches 
 some weak ones Sloun according to the or 
 of f Nature 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ( 
 
 4 
 
 Good Branches 
 
 
 
 Prezgz Bran 4 
 
 
 

 
 Vol. Il. : The Complete Gardner. 101 ? 
 
 CHAP. VIIL 
 To know the difference of good and iJ Branches. 
 | 
 
 Cz E mark of Good Branches requires that the Eyes 
 , in the whole extent fkould be rhick, well fed 
 and very clofe one ta another; whereas the mark of 
 the pad ones, is, that in the lower part of the Branches 
 their Eyes are flat, ill fed, and hardly form’d, and 
 very diltant the one from the other 34s you will fee by 
 the Figure A B in which the ill ones are marked * 
 Theie are likewife (mall weak Branches, which are 
 termd as bad ones, ‘which are fometimes fo exceffive 
 weak, that like {aplefs Branches they are incapable of 
 hearing Fruit, or at leaft of nourifhing and fuftaining 
 the weight of their Frait ; they muft be wholly taken 
 off our Fruit-Trees, and efpecially from the Dwarfs 5 
 
 _ for which Branches there is no eccafion, for todo well 
 
 
 
 
 
 we muft {uffer nothing there that is not Good. 
 _ The good weak Branches are thofe, which being well 
 plac’d, andof a mean thicknefs and length, are pro- 
 per and certain Inf{truments to produce fpeedily, beaur 
 tiful, and good Fruit ; provided the Frofts fpoil no- 
 thing, either while they are in Bioffom, or foon after 
 they are knit, For fuch Branches {eldom fail of produ- 
 cing Bloffom-buds, and cannot ferve to. any other 
 end but yielding Frat, unlefs they happen to have 
 certain over-flowings of Sap, to thickenthem in an 
 extraordinary manner, and convert them into Bran- 
 ches for wood; which happens fometimes in all man- 
 ner of Trees, particularly to fuch as have been ill prun’d. 
 The good ftrong Branches, of which the principal 
 ule is, firft to begin, and then to continugto give 
 the Trees a proper Figure, are particularly imploy'd in 
 producing yearly on their extremities other’ good 
 | iA new 
 

 
 “Voll. ‘The Completa 
 
 new Branches ; fome flrong, and others 
 appears by the Figure As, aa 
 To that end it is very material to preferve the good 
 weak, ones for Fruit ; it is likewife very necefla~ 
 ry to manage prudently the ftrong ones ; to which | 
 purpofe it is requilire to preferve on the extremities 
 of every old Zranch, (ome of thofe new ftrong ones 
 that are growf there 5 but thar commonly extends to 
 thofe a {inall number, as to one only; but fome- 
 times the Morher. Branch being extremely vigorous I it 
 may extend to twoor three. , 
 There is chiefly a great deal of Skill requir’d to take 
 away intirely all che ulelelS Branches, whether it be’ 
 becaufe they are worn of fpen‘jor becauf they have om 
 good qualifications: And the fame concerning that 
 thofe are to be preferv’d, to know how to regu'ate 
 their lengch proportionable to their force, and vigour 
 ofthe whole Tree 5 fo that afterwards, every one of 
 them may be able (0 produce on’ its extremity, juft as 
 many good Branches as ate neceflary either for the 
 Fruir, or for the pe rtecting’ the beauty of the Tree, of. 
 
 for pfeferving it when it is’efabifht : "And ths | is 
 ~ what We call Pruning. 
 
 
 
 CHA. P. IX. 
 
 of the esp hana toh of the Words Strone iid | 4 
 Strength, Weak and W eaknels. ee 
 
 ta {peaking of firong Boittiches and ftrong’ meen; are 
 meant thofé that are thick; and likewile Ipéaking 
 ofeweak Branches, aré meant thofe that ate fmall 
 Moreover ‘ia {peaking of a Prong Tree, 18) ‘meant. a 
 vigorous Tree; aiid in (peaking of @ weak Tree, ‘is theant 
 a languifhing Tree, that i8, a Tree that yields but shih 
 few S boots: 3 athe for the nioft pee are eal (rial: rr; 
 
 . € 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 os 
 
 (5 . 
 
 WS 
 
Hitter No a WO eres 
 tlante? somtimes ‘makes. 
 
 
 
 i/ 
 
 
 
 4 5. 
 
 Three (air Cranches Tiree fair goX Granci 
 of the first Year withiinith three small ones 'G 
 S200 wedR ones AccCor7~ = 
 
 =| to yet Crui¢ 
 ying to Y. order of y ( 
 
 \ Nature, 
 
 
 
 
 
2S: i Se RAE . 
 |. 103 Ihe Complete Gard’ner, Vol. I, 
 
 The Tenth Chapter is only of the Tools thatare 
 _ neceflary for Pruning, and the manner of ufing them ; 
 and therefore may be emitted. | 
 
 
 
 
 
 CHAP. XI. 
 Of the manner of pruning Trees, in the firft 
 Tear of their being Planted 
 
 A Fruit-Tree, of what kind foever, Pear, Apple, 
 A Plum, Peach, &c, which {eemdto promife all 
 | the good Qualifications requir’d in order to be plant- 
 ed, and has been planted with all the Skill and Con- 
 | fideration which we have heretofore explain’d 3 
 this Fruit-Tree, from the Month of March, until the 
 Months of September and O&cber following, will ne- 
 ceflarily perform one of thefe four things: Either ic 
 will not fhoot at all, or little, or it wiil fhoot reafo- 
 nably, that is, one fine Byanch or elfe it will fhoor 
 much, that is, two or three fine Branches, an perhaps 
 More, as it appears by the Figures. We muft exactly 
 explain what is to be done in thefe four particulars. 
 
 
 
 
 
 CHAP. XII, XII, XIV, XV. 
 
 Of the pruning of a'Tree that has planted ome 
 it L BGT | 
 
 1 ft. F it has not {prouted at all, perhaps it may 
 ML be dead, tho it does not feem to be fo, by - 
 reafon of fome Greennefs which difcovers it felf in cut- 
 ting with the Knife; for it may feem alive atthe 
 Head, and yet be dead at the Root; however part of - 
 the Head may be dead, and the Root living; whichis . . 
 the principle of Life; but when it is perfeCtly dead, 
 coh pes: 14 | there 
 
 
 
1O4 The adie Gard ‘ner. "Vol it 
 
 there appears a’Drynefs or Blacknefs about the Graff. 
 
 Such a Tree mult be removed when you find it to be 
 
 dead, and another put in its Room, at the firft fhower 
 of Rain, provided it be not after the Month of May, 
 or beginning of Zune, after which time it will nor be 
 fafe to plant, ‘till the return of the Seafon. Far this 
 defign you. fhould have Trees always in Baskets. In 
 
 the mean time let us examine how this Tree happen ‘d. 
 
 to dye, that we may prevent it for the future. 
 
 ltby violent Frolts, to cover the Foor inthe Win- 
 ter, as is heretofore explain’ din the Treatife of Plan- 
 tations. 
 
 If by Heat in Summer, to cover it with fhort Gra, 
 green Weeds, ec. 
 
 If for want of Water, the new one mutt be well 
 water'd. 
 
 If for want of good Mould, put the frefh Mould there. 
 
 It by being fhaken or loofend at the firft fprour- 
 
 ing, by waggifh People, to fer a Fence abour it, 
 
 If by being planted too low in mailt Ground, plant 
 the other higher, and raif@ the Ground to it.’ 
 
 If from being fhaded with large Trees, or by their 
 Roots exhaufting all the goodnefs of the Earth, thefe 
 Jarge Trees muft be removed ; and the worn out Earth 
 taken away and fre th pu: in, ‘without thinking to bet- 
 ter it with Dung. 
 
 If Moles have fhaken them, or Worms have gnawn 
 here they muft be look’d for, and deftroyed, 
 
 “ifthe Stem appears to be green, and the Root flill 
 ca alive, there may be fome hopes, bur not to recom- 
 
 * pence our Culture; thérefare it n:ay be order'd as 
 “adead Tree, it being a great hazard whether ever it 
 § will complete our dene : ei: 
 adly, If this Tree fhoots weak, fmall, and yeilowifh 
 Branches, and fometimes accompanie d with fome Fruit- 
 buds 3 and after have examined the Rests find fome 
 
 of 
 
 
 
 SOI iy en ee 
 
 
 
 
 
 5 Oe ee cn ae, oe ¢ 
 waite RE LG a Nil 
 a -_ . m - =o ‘ a = 
 
 SS eR, ee 
 
 
 

 
 Vol. If. ‘The Complete Gardner. 1 05 
 
 of them defetive, it’s no more valuable than the for- 
 mer. | 
 
 gdly. If it has produced one fine Branch, fuffici- | 
 ently thick, attended with fome weak ones, We ate 
 to confider ‘three things. 
 
 Whether it has fhot from the extremity of the Stem, 
 fromthe middle, or from the lower part. 
 
 If from the extremity, fhorten the Stem of that 
 Tree an Inch or two. 
 
 Thus in lofing the Pleafure of a Year, we avoid 
 the diflatistaction of having a Tree too high in the 
 Stem, and confequently it affords usa fine Figure. 
 
 But if this fine Branch has fhot from the middle of 
 the Seem, cut the Stem to that Branch, and {horten 
 that Branch to four or five Eyes gat being certain 
 *ewill produce in the fecond Year, at leaft-two fine 
 Branches oppolite to cach other; but this care muft be 
 taken to nail that Branch upright. - 
 
 “Tf this Branch has fhot from the lower part of the 
 Stem, it’s very well plac’d, provided care be taken to 
 keep it upright, which if it is not, the Tree grows 
 awry, and never makes a beautiful Figure. 
 
 This Branch being cut at the fame lengrh which the 
 Stem of the Tree was left at, undoubtedly it will pro- 
 duce fine Branches, towards the attaining of a beauti- 
 ful Figure. 
 
 4thly. When this Tree has produced two fine Bran- 
 
 ches, or three or four, or more, with fome weak ones 
 among them; it engages us to thefe Confiderations. 
 
 1. To know whether that number of Branches be | 
 produc’d to our likeing ; thatis, whether chey grow 
 round about fome part of the Stem, whether at the 
 top, in the middle, or in the lower part. 
 
 ' +g To know whether all thofe Branches are grown 
 on one fide, all above one another; or whether in 
 degrees, at a great diftance one from another, tho” 
 round about the Stem ; or if they are all grown from 
 
 one 
 

 
 ee ae ah mone t a 
 
 “i Vol. II. The Complete Gurl ners 06 
 
 one and the fame Eye, and likewife barbers it bea. a 
 
 the top, middle, or lower part ofthe Stem. ae 
 Lat, To know whether all thefe Branches of them- 
 
 — felves are difpos’d to open and fpread, or all of a 
 _ to keep clofe together ina confufed manner. 
 
 _« Thefe are almoftall the different ways in whicly- 
 
 the firft Shoors of every Treee new planteddo form, 
 
 ' themfelves, when i it {trikes Root. | 
 
 ln defiring of fine and good ‘Trees, the great Brane 
 
 ehes are only to be preferv'’d in this refpect 2 as the 
 
 only ones that can ferve for the firft Foundation, i in 
 
 cafe pe be well bacags 
 
 CHAP. XVI 
 
 | of the fof pruning of a Tree that ie prowl! dq | g 
 two fine Branches, and both well placid. 
 
 TH EN a Tree new planted dunt vigoroufly Ee 
 VV produc’d more than one fine Branch, with 
 fome weak ones among them? if it has on the top 
 of the Stem two almoft equally trong, and well plac?d, | 
 Gne on one fide, and another on the other, nothing 
 ean hardly’ be defired bettér? the only. thing i is to 
 
 ‘fhorten them all equally wtibia the compas ot five 
 or fix Inches in length: But aboveall, youmuft take 
 _ care’ that the two “lat Eyes of the extremity ofeach | 
 
 of thefe Branches {0 fhortned, look on the right and 
 on the left, upon the two bare fides, to the end chat 
 each of hein producing at leaft two new ones, thofe 
 four may be fo well plac’d that they may be-all. pres 
 ‘ferv'd: And in order to that, Ifitbe a Dwarf, they 
 muft all contribuce to form the thin round which we 
 defire: and if it be a Wall tree, to form the flat, and 
 Full found: which we likewife defign. . 
 
 At #autd beill Pruning, if thefe two laft roe deol 
 
 either on the infide of the Dwarf to fill it up, — i 
 the 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 we 
 
 
 

 
 Tha Lifferent Stteiatibns or the jirfl Branches SOmetiines Made 
 Planted . . 
 
 
 
 
 
 by 2Tree ney 
 24 < Dwarfs inn ae at 7 
 Only one far Srarch | Byo lLeree Branches Lhree far Branches I Pour Lup, 
 Wile many small ones| rff pla / 
 
 ’ 9 Branches 
 wilh some wef. ones! i plo 
 
 
 
 cal with i 
 
 weak ones 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 CL with some | 
 
 6 ¢ ee 
 lM weak Branches j Si jaw Branches Seven four Branches tight far Branches 
 with two weak Cnes | with some weak ORES | with peo werk ones 
 f : shot 2ccording Lo 
 atiural 
 
 
 

 
 ies 33 Fj it 68 a Wall tree, to oto te 
 full round, which we likewife defign, - 9 9 
 
 Tt sight" beill Pruning, if thefe two laf Eyes look 
 either on the infide of the Deaf to nal ID) 
 
 « 
 
te aR em i ny - 
 
 ? 
 
 \ 
 
 EN See aE NA ee ae ee 
 
 mM 0} the oppo Ite. iide, you mu pret 
 
 the fitteft to begina fine Fi Dene cutting, off 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 ‘ 
 
 [3 ae : " , f, Bye A 7 
 I/te and the fame Tree diffe ently Prurna according to the \different Branches 
 ‘lt has Shot four pears one after angther . 
 
 eee 1 Bie: oe 
 
 Wo fine Branches \ A Tree Prund as\ Branches grun |The Pruning of 
 2th yore weak ones| rt oughtto be from the ferst Pru| the vita year 
 i of Y jerst yor | the first year ung according Lo 
 \ : thé order of ature 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Lhe Pruning of \ Two good small The Pruning of 
 the third pour Branches shot fron.| the fourth year 
 the Prumng perfor 
 med to the thicknefs 
 
 of 2 Crown prece 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 26 ; 
 
 } 
 Branches att with 
 we the tuicknefy 
 
 of a Crown Prace 
 SQy 7 le | i/ 
 
 N 
 
 e 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Blo Youn 
 at fbi 
 
 
 
 
 
 2: 
 
 2, 
 — 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ey 
 
 Vrom the 
 ‘forma to 
 vie puece 
 
 
 
 
 
 S 
 
 For woed\@ Branch sho 
 
 \ Ishenungly| Pruning per 
 3 O7 Y techno o, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 SS 
 SSSSSS5 
 
 9 
 
 
 

 
 i 
 +e 
 
 . 
 
 ie & 
 
 yt 3 aly ree Te) ae 
 
 
 
 _ 107 The Complete Gardner. Vol. IIs 
 
 _ the outfide to open it too much, it being requifite well 
 - toeftablifh the firt Beauty of the figure ot that Tree, 
 ‘which is to open in a round equally garnifh’d: So 
 ~ dikewife in Wall-Trees the pruning would not be well 
 perfom’d, unlefs. ir were order’d fo that the two Eyes 
 onthe extremities of the two Branches that are to be 
 fhortned, fhould fhoot upon oppofite fides the new’ 
 «Branches they are able to produce ; for it’s neceflary 
 that thofe very Branches fhould have of themfelves,) 
 and without the leaft Violence, a natural difpofition 
 to place themfelves well upon thofe parts of the 7#all 
 that we would cover. : 
 
 Tf one of thofe two Branches has any advantage in 
 Thicknefs over the other , fo that in probability the 
 one may produce two other thick ones, while theo- 
 ther can yield but one, care muft be taken, thatas 
 well the two of the thickeft, as the fingle one of that 
 which is not fo thick,may come forth fo,that all three 
 together. may be preferv’d, as fic and neceflary for 
 the compofing of the beautiful Figure; otherwife if 
 there fhould be a neceflity of removing fome, being 
 ill-favouredly grown, «it would be a lofs, ; 
 
 [fa Fruit branch Thould chance to be join’'d with 
 the two Wood branches; it may be preferv'd. 
 
 ~ 
 
 
 
 ie ia APS KEL 
 
 Of the for pruning afa Tree that has only 
  produc’d two Branches, lorh beautiful and 
 
 thick, yet both ill placed. 
 
 FF one of thefe fine Branches which this Tree has pro- 
 “due’d be confiderably lower than the other, of 
 pernaps both on one fide, cr it may be one on one 
 fide on the top of rhe Extremity, and the other quite 
 _ atthe bottom of the oppofite fide, you muft preferve 
 but one, the fitteft to begina fine Figure, cutting off 
 
408 = ‘The Complete Gard'ner. Vol; I. 
 the other fo clofe that it may never be able to pro- 
 duce any thick ones inthe fame place ; it being cer- 
 tain, that if both were preferv’d, it could never form 
 a Tree of any agreeable Figure. he 
 If the lower Branch be equally good, or better than 
 thatabove, it will be moft proper ro leave the lower= 
 moft,being fitteft to contribute to the Beauty of the Tree. 
 
 
 
 
 
 CHAP. XVII 
 
 Of a'Tree whieh has produc’d three or four 
 fine well plac'd Branches, or elfe three or 
 four ill ones, and thofe all on the extremity, 
 or a little beneath it. 
 
 1 F they are on the Extremity of the Stem, and in a 
 “proper place at firft to form a fine Tree, they muft 
 be prun’d with all the fame regards we have explaind, 
 for the Pruning of the two firft which were by them- 
 felves. If thefe three or four Branches be all of an e- 
 qual thicknefs, they mult be all us'dalike. If one 
 or two of them be fomewhat lefs in thicknefs, but ftill 
 fit to be W%od-branches, o¥ at leaft half wood, and ca- 
 pable of contributing to the Figure, thofe muft only 
 be prun’d with a profpect of getting one only new 
 Brazch from them, taking care to have it on that fide 
 that {hall be found moft empty 5 and to that end they 
 mutt be fhortned to an Eye that looks on that fide, and 
 care muft be taken that the two laft Eyes of the others 
 which are ftronger, may look towards the two oppo= 
 fite fides, in order to begin to fill them up the more, 
 It thofe three or four fine Branches fhoot out a lit- 
 tle below the Extremity, ‘tis but fhortning the Stemto 
 them. 
 
 ‘When 
 
 
 

 
 Vol. II. The Complete Gardner. 10 
 
 When the Branches that are produc'd are moft of 
 them ill ones, and cannot all tonduce towards the for- 
 ming a fine Tree, nor cannot all be preferved, exa- - 
 mine whether among the three or four, there are not 
 at leaft two pretty well fcicuated, the oné on one fide; 
 and theother on the other, and whether they are nor 
 toofar diftant to frame fome Foundation for your Fi- 
 gure, and that being fo, thefe may very well anfwer 
 the cutting of the others ; the two that are prefery’d,” 
 muft be Prun’d with the fame regard heretofore ex: 
 plain’d for the Pruning of the two fine Branches. . 
 
 Care muft be taken, that thofe two being Prun’d, 
 may be found afterwards of an equal heighth, though 
 of a different length, to the end that thefe that may 
 foot from them may begin our Figure happily. 
 
 Good weak Branches mult be carefully preferv’d for 
 Fruit, only fhortning them alittle on the extremity, 
 when they appear too weak for their length, not fail- 
 ling to take away all the faplefs Branches. 
 
 
 
 CHAP. XIX: 
 
 Of the Prunisig of Trees that have produced 3 
 the numbtr of five, fix, or feven fie Bran- 
 ches. 
 
 | F our Tree has produced the number ot five, or 
 fix, or feven fine Branches, or more, it will be 
 fufhicient to preferve three or four. of thofe that a. 
 skilful Gard'ner fhall think fit, both by their {cituation 
 and ftrerigth, to be fitteft for our Defign ; this be- 
 ing io, we muft wholly cut off all the others, if they 
 happen to be higher than thofe that are preferv’d, 
 efpecially if they be thick, for if they are weak, thac 
 is fit for Fruit-branches, they muft be preferv’d until 
 they have perform’d what they are capable of doing. 
 3 i 
 
110 TheComplete Gardner, Vol. I. 
 
 ‘Ifamong the thick ones there chance to bea great 
 many {mall ones, preferve two or three of thofe chat 
 are beft placd, ‘breaking off the extremity of the 
 longeft alittle, and not medliag with thofe that are 
 
 naturally fhort; and confequeutly you muft take a+ 
 
 way allthofé that may caufe a contufion. 
 
 “ The twentieth Chapter, tho’it be of the fecond 
 * Years Pruniny, is much to the fame effect of that 
 
 ** of the fiaft, which is fully treated on in the pre~ 
 age Chapter. 
 
 
 
 CHAP. XXL 
 
 Of the fecond P runing of a Tree, that on the firft 
 Tear had produced two fine Branches for Wood 
 
 Here is little to be inferted in this Chapter, on- 
 ly that a Tree, of the firft Years Planting, hav- 
 ing produced two thick Branches for Wood, and one 
 or two {mall ones for Fruie 5 if on the fecond Year, 
 the Sap hasalter’d its Courfe from the thick Branches 
 to the {mall ones, then the {mall ones become Wood 
 Branches, by the unexpected Sap they receiy’d. 
 In this cafe, the Prududtions of thefe Branches muft, 
 be cut quite off into the Mother-Branch, which will 
 undoubtedly, the fecand Year, conduce to a beautiful 
 Figure. The Production of thofe thick Brancbes, that 
 fhot the firft, being usd as Fruit-Branches, by reafon 
 of the lefs abundance of Sap they receiv’d than what 
 was promis d. 
 “© The twenty fecond Chapter mentions nothing 
 * material to be inferted. 
 
 CHAP, 
 
 
 
4‘, aye 
 | are 
 
 
 
 
 
 Vol. I. The Complete Gard’ner. X11 
 Pe Hasek Xlile, ar 
 
 of the fecond Pruning of a Tree, which had 
 produced the firft Year four fine Branches of 
 
 -Wood, or more. 
 
 YE 2 Tre from the firft Years Pruning, has produced 
 
 > four fine Branches, or more, *tis-certain it hasa 
 great deal more Vigour than any of the relt we have 
 mention’d; therefore it’s neceflary fometimes to pre= 
 ferve fome Branches‘upon it, which at that time are 
 no ways conducing to the Figure of the Tree, but. 
 toferve for a time to confume part of the Sap, which 
 might be prejudicial to the Branches that are to yield 
 Fruit. Thefe fuperfluous Branches may be left long, 
 and pruned without Confequence, fince they are to be 
 wholly caken away, as foonas the Treeisformed, and 
 produces a reafonable quantity of Fraie. 
 
 As for thofe that are eflential to the Beauty of the | 
 Tree, prunethem all a litcle longer than thofe of the 
 preceding Trees, that is about two or three Eyes at 
 moft, as well to avoid Confufion, as ta make an 
 Advantage of the Vigour of fucha Tree, which, with- 
 out fuch a Precaution, would not yield Fruit in a 
 long time becaufe the great abundance of Sap might 
 convert into Branches-all the Eyes that fhould have 
 turn’d into Fruit buds, had their nourifhment been 
 more moderate. | 
 
 Such a Tree, at the end of the fecond Year, appears 
 ina manner. quite: form’d, by means of all the new 
 Branches, that every one of the old ones, being Prun'd, 
 have produc’d on their extremities; and among the 
 new ones, care mult be taken to chufe thofe that con- 
 duce to the Beauty of the Figure, to Prune them again 
 partly of the fame length as thofe which had been 
 Prua'd for the firft time; from which they proceed, 
 natin én- 
 
412 TheComplete Gardner: Vol. I. 
 endeavouring to diftinguifh whether the Branch, that 
 has been prun’d, may at leaft produce two, inorder to 
 preferve them both, if they are fit for our Defign 5 or 
 if one mut be quire talten away, let ic commonly be_ 
 the Higheft, for the lowelt being preferv’d, is firteft 
 for the Form, or to preferve the Beauty we look for, 
 and by that means not only the place that is cut fhalt 
 be quickly covered again, but befides it will mikeno ~ 
 Wound upon the Branches that fhall be preferv’d, and 
 confequently the Tree will be thereby much handfo- 
 mer and founder, Lo 7h 019 ae 
 
 But if the Vigour of that Tree be obferv’d to con- 
 tinue, as it is very Common, and even to augment vi- 
 fibly, in {uch a cafe confufion is to be fear’d, either in 
 the Heart of a Dwarf, or inrefpect toa Wall-Tree, of — 
 what kind foever, as Pears, Apples, Plums, Peaches; 
 Cherries, &c: Therefore that tecond Pruning muft be 
 perform’d yet.a lite longer than the firft, particu 
 larly it the Tree inclintesto be clofe,and that, length muft 
 be abou: alarge Foor, ord little more; to employ 
 
 that abundance of Sap which we judge muft nor be: 
 reftrain’d, nor contain’d in a {mall {pace. 
 
 When from the feicond Pruning other good Bran= - 
 ches {hall be grown, which fhall begin to open the 
 Dwarf reafonably well, or to fill fufficiently our Wal 
 Tree, efpecially the Tree beginning to yeild Frat, then 
 we mult return to our ordinary way of Pruning, of fix 
 or feven Inches upon the molt vigorous Branches, and 
 four or five upon the moderate ones. - i 
 
 This great fury féldom fails of diminifhing at the — 
 end of the firft five o fix Years, ifthe Tree has been 
 well govern’d, and then all thofe tittle Bronches which 
 we have endeavour’d to procure in a great number at 
 the bottom, and have afterwards preferv'd with care, 
 
 _ begin to give us an ample Recompente for all our 
 Pains, and pretty often on {uch Occafions we conre 
 to Prine over again, here and there; fome of the old 
 
 Branches, 
 

 
 
 
 Vol. 1. The Complete Gard’ner, 112 
 Branches which the great vigour of the Tree had ob- 
 lig’d tus to leave of an extraordinary length, aiming 
  ftillat extending, by, way of overture, on the fides, 
 there to employ ufefully.the vigour of that Tree, and 
 to preferve its agreeable Figure. | 
 
 In thofe vigorous Trees, we muft leave upon them; 
 _ withoutany ufe, fome Branches, cut Stumip-wile, and 
 event forhe thick one3, tho’ of falfe Wood, in which, 
 for fome Years fpace; that furious Sap, of which we 
 _ have too much, may lofe it felf in vain, which other- 
 wife might diforder fome of our principal Parts, and 
 even, if upon thofe forts of Trees any Branches of falfe 
 Wood be found, ina plate where they may ferve tos 
 wards the Figure of tie Tree, they muft be preferv’d | 
 and tis‘ as fuch > being certain, thatas they will take 
 up the greateft abundance of the Sap, the good Bran- 
 ches that have produc’d thefe falfe ones will receive le, 
 and confequently will bear Fruit the fooner; thefe 
 
 ' falfe Branches, in the mean time, performing the fare 
 
 effect, a8to the Figure, as the good ones could have 
 donee. , 
 _, Such Branches may likewile be left wherever the 
 Overture of the Tree fhail not be prejudiced by them, 
 from whence the Tree, bearing Fruit, they may, at 
 pleafure, be takén away without any prejudice to the 
 Figure, provided; always, they catife not the leaft ¢on- 
 fufion; that being the Breateft harm that can happen 
 {0 a vigorous Tree. ‘To moderate. the great fury of 
 fuch a Tree, and to make it bear the fooner, two things 
 are required befides the Overture. 
 
 ft. The length and multitude of good weak Bran- 
 ebes, when they are placed foas to taufe no Cénfufion. 
 
 adiy, A confiderable number of cut-lets upon thé 
 thick Branches, thro’ Which that abutdance of Sap may 
 perform its effect. ; “i ba 
 
 If fome Branches prun’d the preceeding Year, have 
 frodic’d three of four; all pretty thick ones, you 
 ee K he need 
 
ye a Sia Boas ery 
 
 2 
 
 114 ‘The Complete Gardner. Vol. Ile 
 
 need not cut them fhort, or retrench them, fo that» — 
 
 having one or two of the beft plac’d, preférve one or 
 two of the others for the Pruning of the next Year, 
 
 and leave them reafonably long ; belides if you pre- ' 
 
 ferve the loweft, cut the higheft Stump wife, and- 
 
 when you preferve the-higheft, leave under them, ei-° 
 
 ther upon the outfide, or upon the fides, one or two. 
 Stumps of the thick Branches, form’d like the Hook of 
 a Vine, each about two Inches in length. 
 
 There happens in thofe Stumps, or Hooks, a dif= 
 charge of Sap which produces fome Branches, either 
 for Fruit, when they are weak, or to become, in 
 time, fit Branches for the Figure, when they are ftrong. 
 
 The beft way is to take away the higheft Branches, ~ 
 
 and preferve the loweft for the. Figure, being one of 
 the Advantages we reap by fpreading the Tree with 
 eafeto the bottom of the Wall, which cannot fo well 
 
 be done in taking away the loweft, and preferving 
 
 the higheft. 
 
 CHAP. XXIV | 
 Of the Pruning that muft be perform’d the 
 
 third Tear npon all forts of Trees Planted . 
 
 within four Tears. 3 : 
 
 E muft always follow the Idea ofa fine Tree, — 
 
 which we have firft of all proposd to our 
 felves, either in a Dwarf or Wall Trees, and to propor- 
 tion the burthen of the Head to the vigour of the Root, 
 in leaving more and longer Branches on a vigorous 
 ‘Tree, and lefs and fhorter on that which appears weak. 
 _ And whereas many old Branches mult be carefully 
 preferv'd on a vigorous Tree, ( efpecially for Fruit ) pro- 
 vided there be no Confufion:on the contrary, youmuft 
 cafe a weak Tree of the burthen of the old Branches, " 
 Wel 
 

 
 NK 
 
| se iw ia 2: ES E? mi 4. 
 ‘Four forir Branches The first VearsPruning Thie Effect of the Branches left {ong 
 
 mith lome weak 9 Ceaue the branches Pruning of aTree \to waft fe 
 
 
 
 
 
 ome parto 
 ones fhor the first the Conger becaufe which has shot 4 |the Sap which mou 
 i Uean The Tree was Berry fair Branches thelaffcrd only Great 
 oe Vtgerous. first Year. . ranches Gut mous 
 _ |newer geue any for 
 Free. 
 
 
 
 fashion to ibs t 
 
 fome of the Sapp. 
 
 
 
 r2) 
 ees 
 > Branches 
 
 pesfor of ih grt 
 
 Vigour of the Tree 
 
 | 
 
 
 
| 
 
 
 
 
 
 Vol. i The Ginylet Gard ners iis 
 
 well thofe that are for Mod, as thofe that are for Frise, . : 
 
 and cut them. hort, i in Hany to make it fhoor new 
 
 ones; but if not able to produce the young Shoots 
 
 with vigour, then it muft be pulled up, and a better 
 
 put in its room, after having taken away all the old 
 Earth, which may be judged to be either IZ or worn 
 out, and putting new in its room. 
 
 In Pruning, provifion mutt be made for thofe Bran- 
 ches that may proceeed from thofe which you are Pri 
 ming, in order to prepare forne that may be proper for 
 the Figure, with this affurance, that when a high 
 Branch is taken down over a lower, this being ftrength- 
 ened by all the nourifhment that would have gone to 
 the higheft, which has been taken away, this low 
 Branch will produce more Branches than it {ould have 
 done, had it receiv’ dno reinforcement. | 
 
 Itfeldom happens that all the Trees of the fame Gar- 
 den, tho’ order'd alike, prove equally vigorous, for 
 Trees are fubje&t to an infinite number of Accidents, 
 that can neither be forefeen nor avoided 5 but itis cer- 
 tdin, that all the Trees of a Garden. may be formd a 
 greeably in their Figure, which is orie of the principal 
 things to which the ‘Gardner is oblig’d. 
 
 Here the Author advifesevery body not to be ob= 
 flinate in prefervitig Pear Trees, which yearly, towards 
 the end of the Summer, grow extreme Yellow, with- 
 out having produced fine Shoots, nor thofe of which 
 the extremities of the Branches die every Year. 
 
 They are commonly Trees grafted upon Quince 
 Srocks, of which fome of the principal Roots are dead 
 or rotten ; they are Trees that produce but {mall Roots 
 at the upper part of the Foor, and confequently Roots 
 that are exposd to the Injuries of the Air and the 
 
 Spade. 
 
 The fame thing may be faid of the Peach Tree, that 
 appears the firft Years to gather Gum at the greateft 
 
 ' part of their Eyes, and of thofe that are extremely at 
 
 K 2 tack’d 
 
116 “The Complete Gard’ ner. Vol. If. 
 
 tack’d with certain little Fleasand Pifmires ; fuch Peacé- 
 
 Trees have certainly fome rotten Roots, and will never 
 
 do well. ae 
 
 Thofe Tréesthat fhoot on all fides an infinite num- 
 ber of little, weak, faplefs Branches, with fome thick 
 ofes here and there, both the one and the other for 
 the moft part, of falle Wood, in which cafe, a 
 great deal of time may be loft upon ill grounded hopes. 
 {o that it will be beft to remove them as foon as may 
 be; and when they are not too old, or the Roots 
 fpoil’d, venture to plant them again, in fome other 
 place, in good Ground, after having cleanfed them of 
 all their rottennefs and canker, in order to fee if they 
 will come to any thing, to make ufe of them, elfe- 
 where; which happens fometimes with Pear Trees, but 
 very feldom with Srone Fruit, efpecially Peach Trees, 
 ftill putting better in the room of them, with all the, 
 conditions heretofore explain’d. 
 
 
 
 CHAP, XXV. 
 
 _ Of the firft Pruning of Trees that have been 
 
 Planted with many Branches. 
 
 H O’ ic is not advifable to Plant little Trees with 
 
 many Branches, yet if any have done fo,’ ob- 
 
 ferve thefe Rules. Firft, cut off what ever may caufe 
 
 a confufion, or is not proper for the Figure. And Se- 
 
 condly, thofe Branches we preferve upon them, leave 
 
 them at fix or feven Inches in length, and obferve the 
 foregoing Rules in Pruning. 
 
 Trees planted with many Branches upon them, are 
 
 not fo eafily turn’d to a fine Figure, as young ones 
 chofe out of the Nu/ery ; they generallly produce 
 their young Shoers diforderiy, and confequently muft 
 be often cut and wounded, before what's defired can 
 be effedted. , And 
 
 
 
 a 
 

 
 Vol. Il. The Complete Gardner. 117 
 
 And when Trees have been Planted with a great 
 many more and longer Branches than fhould have been, 
 
 _and there appears no manner of difpofition towards 
 
 the Figure we ought to with for, we muft immediately 
 reducethem. 
 
 In a great Plantation where other Trees are dead, 
 and fuppofing the Ground to be good, and other good 
 Mould put into the hole ; in fuch acafe, Trees with 
 fome Branches may very well be Planted, efpecially 
 thofe which are difficult to fruétifie. 
 
 
 
 CHAP. XXVI. 
 
 Of the Pruning of Tall Standards, 01 bigh- 
 bodied Trees, 
 
 Ae Standards pianted againft Walls do all require 
 the fame precaution as the /ow ones, but thofe 
 that are planted in the open Air, they need only be 
 touched once or twice in the beginnings; that is in 
 the three or four firft Years, in order to remove fome 
 Branches fram the middle, or to fhorten a fide Brancb 
 which grows too high, or too long, or bring in ano 
 ther nearer, that extends beyond his bounds and refer 
 the reft to Nature. | . 
 
 “ Our Author fpeaks very rightly of high Standards, 
 “© not being Prun’d with all the Circumftances usd in 
 “lower Dwarfs or Walls; yet fo far muft be obferved, 
 $ yearly to cut andclear cut all fuch Branches which 
 
 © grow in the middle of the Tree, together with all the 
 
 * canker'd Shoots, otherwife being overburthen’d ’rwill 
 * caufe a confufion, and too mucha thicknefs of Wood 
 * will deprive the Fruit of the Syait ought co have. 
 
 K3 CHAP, - 
 
118 The Complete Gard'wer, Vol.Tle 
 
 a Bidead oid ELA Es a 
 
 Of the fir(t Conduét of Graffs in Slits made and 
 multiplyed upon old Trees, in place, either 
 Dwarfs or Wall. ° gent? eae 
 
 “NOmetimes for change of Fruit, old Trees are graf: a 
 
 fed, of one Head, two, three or more, and fome 
 of them with one Graff or more ineach Head, in pru- 
 ning thefé obferve the former directions; and where 
 there are many Shoors, cut off fuch as grow inward, 
 or are too thick: Both for number and length refpect 
 muft be had to the quantity of Sap that is to fupply, 
 fo as not to check ic too much, tho’ afterwards you 
 cut off or fhorten fome of them, always taking care 
 todo it fo as the Figure you defign may be belt ac- 
 complifht, and the lower part kept thick enough, 
 
 
 
 “CHAP, oie Ula o 
 
 Of what is to be done in cafes not forefeen, and 
 pretty common to all forts of Trees, evento 
 thole that have been manag’d according to 
 all the Rules of Art. \ wh 
 
 Nature anfwers not all our Intentions. Times and 
 Seafons, or Grounds, and the diferent temper of 
 Trees, and the particular Kinds of Fras, watch may 
 produce Inconveniencies'which we could: not forefee. 
 For alter we have prun’d aod manag’d our Trees, ac- 
 cording to all the Rules of Art and Difcretion, yet 
 Nature will produce diforderly and confus’d Branches, 
 which when they come to pafa ought to be remedied. 
 
 te a “UP RSS ie 3 eae ar 
 
 
 
 \V 7 H AT has been already faid, may give 
 sy a fufhcient knowledge in this matter, yer 
 
 
 
 , : * t “ “sen 
 ne Lies See oe ei is ala i i I i a tla Nt a Oe on 
 
 oa 
 
 
 

 
 Vol. If. ‘The Complete Gardner. 119 
 » Stone Fruit, efpecially Peaches and Apricots greatly 
 require a {econd, and fometimes a third Pruning, be- 
 fides what's dane az the end of Winter ;° thofe laft 
 Prunings muft be perform’d towards the middle of — 
 May, when the Fruit is either koit or blafted, at 
 which time they are not only advantagious, bur very 
 “neceflary ; At the fame time you mutt likewife Trim 
 the Buds and-ufele(s Branches of fome others, which is 
 no lef neceflary:than thofe kinds of Prunings, 
 _ Thefe laft operations, viz. The fecond and third 
 " Prinings of Stone Fruit, and the Trimming of the Buds 
 and ulelefs Branches of all manner of Trees, are ne- 
 ceflary both'to ftrengthen certain Branches which may 
 be of ufe for the future to make Branches for Wood, 
 and totake away {ome that are grown ufélels. 
 All thefe are laid down in four Claufes. 
 1. Remarks generally common for all forts of Fruits 
 Trees 
 2. Remarks that are peculiar in every Year to the 
 firft pruning of Stone Fruit, efpecially Peaches and Apré- 
 COOLS. 
 3. To the fecond and third pruning of Stone-Fruits, 
 as well Eypaliers as Dwarfs. 
 . «4 For trimming of Buds and ufelels Branches of 
 - both. 
 
 
 
 CHAP. XXIX. 
 
 Common Remarks for certain ‘k ngular cafes re= 
 Me! tothe Pruning of allmanner of Trees. 
 
 H IS Chapter thall be without Order or Connex- 
 jon, every cafe being fingular, and fo collected. 
 1. Obfervation. 
 When a Branch well plac’d, either againfta Wall, 
 or ina Past, hath fhot fome falfe Wood, neither prow 
 
 ¥ : } K 4 pc+ per 
 
120. The Complete Gard’ner. Vol. Ir a 
 
 per for the Figure or Fruit, let them be cut off with- 
 in the thicknefs of a Crown piece, or flopingly ; tho’. 
 it’s beft done at che firft appearance in the Summer, by 
 breaking off the Bud, 
 
 2. Cut off all Branches that fhoot from a hard knob, 
 upon which the Stalks of Pears did grow. ~ 
 
 3. Do'the like by thofe which proceed from a ce 4 
 
 ftreight Branch like a Spur, tho’ the Spurs are common 
 and good to be preferv'd, yet the Branches growing 
 from them, will never be good for any nes ; “if 
 it produce more, cut off the Spur it felf. 
 
 4, Pruning fome weak Branches may be as well per- 
 form’d by breaking them only at the end, as outings 
 them with a Knifes ° > 
 
 5. The Cock (pur, or dry dead ‘parts of aathes 
 that remain whete a Branch was fhortnaed above the 
 next Eye “or Shoot, fhould be cut off always, tho! i in 
 Peach trees it may fometimes be hurtful, 
 
 6. When a Tree in ics firft Years hath sintered | 
 
 Branches of moderate vigour, and afterwards puts 
 forth ftrong ones well plac’d, tho’ of faite Wood, thefe 
 latter thay ‘be us’d as the foundation for tne Seure of 
 the Tree, and the other fufter’'d a time ror bearing 
 Fruit, but ifthey come not well placed, cut them oft, 
 in hopes next Year of new ones better. 
 
 7. When an old Tree fhéots ftronger Branches te- 
 wards the bottom than the top, and the top be in aa 
 ill cafe, cur it off, and form a new Figure from thofe 
 lower ones; but if the Top be vigorous, cut off the 
 lower, unlets well sien continue for the benefit of 
 the Tree. 
 
 8: When cle and weak peatee fhoot from the 
 like, and the third Stoor is ftrong, yet’ ule: them as 
 Branches-of falfe Wood. 
 
 g. The order of Nature in produétion at te 
 ‘and Roots, is to fend forth aleffer than the Branch of 
 which i sa if fuch hae uhiokes than the Stezs 
 at ee. | | out 
 
 ‘i 
 
 
 
 , 
 a 
 
 w 
 *y 
 | 
 
 4 4 
 * 
 

 
 
 
 Vol. Il. The Complete Gard’ner. 131 
 
 out of which it arifeth i in Branches, ufe them as falfe 
 Wood; in Roots it’s not material, the thickeft being 
 the beft ; and in Branches, if he Scituation favour 
 the Figure, you may preferve them, 
 
 ro. Confideration muft be had (in Pruning ) of the 
 place from whence Branches proceed, as to be good 
 and fit to antwer the end. 
 
 II. Likewife regard mutt De had to the effeét of 
 former pruning. in order to correét. the defeéts of it, 
 of continue its Beauty. 
 
 12. Dwarf Trees not being fupported by a Wall, i€ 
 they are likely to bear more Frat than they can fuftain 
 without breaking the Branch, care mult be had to 
 leffen the weight, by taking off fome bearing Buds 
 or ‘Fruit. 
 igo Ifa large old Branch of a Peach or Plum Tree 
 be fhortned, it will not be apt to put forth young fre fh 
 Shoots, the Sap not eafily penetrating athick hard Barks 
 howeyer other Branches which are left, may be better 
 fupply’d with nourifhment. But Apricot Trees, or young 
 Peach Trees, are apt enough to put forth freth ones, » 
 
 _ 14: In vigorous Trees the weaker Branches are the 
 Fruit bearers : \n weak Trees, the ftronger chiefly ; s there 
 fore in the latter prune off the feeble and (mall. 
 
 15. In vigorous Trees, three Branches ( which are 
 good ones ) may put forth at one Eye ; generally the 
 cwo fide Branchas ate proper to be preery’ d, and the 
 middiemoft cur off, and that in May or Sune, 
 
 16; The Branches of Wall-frust trees may be ealily 
 difpos d, if tack’d while young, if they be grown too 
 Rift and unfir, cut them off, and expect others that 
 may do well. ~ 
 
 17, Tho’ it be difagreeable ( either in a Wall-tree, 
 or Dwarf, ) to fee a thick Branch croffing the middle 
 of the Tree, yet if it be apply’d to fill up an empty 
 fide, it may be permitted ; Niceties of Pofition are not- 
 much to be obfery’din Fruit bearing Branches. 
 
 “iii acest Poplewihe ) ABE ADS 
 
yao The Coane Carl’ ner. Vol. Hi 
 
 18. Irs difficult to ftrengthen weak Branches with 
 out cutting away others that are fuperior to them, e- 
 ven the upper part of that from which it fhoots, tho" 
 Nature fometimes doth it her felf. 
 
 _ 1g. Asto the pruning vigorous Peach Trees, it’s ne- 
 ceffary to defer the firft pruning until they are ready to 
 bloflom, the better to know which may be moft like- 
 ly to bear Fruit, and then to fhorten them as they 
 may require, 
 
 2.0. Fruit buds that are neareft the ends Bi Brasobis: 
 are commonly thicker, and fo better fed than othérs, © 
 therefore for weak Trees it may be beft to prune thent 
 early, that the Sap may not wate it (lf on fuch parts 
 as muft be retrench’d. 
 
 23. A Wall fruitetree fhould be quite untack’d be- 
 fore you begin to prune it, forhereby you may order 
 
 it toa berter Figure than if the old Tacks remain. 
 <2. Te is often neceflary to untack, both in order 
 to make the Figure equal, and to remove Branches that 
 are crept behind the Props or Stays; vifit cherefore 
 Your Trees often in May, to prevent fuch diforders yand to 
 remove languifhing or other Shoors that would caufe 
 confufion, 
 
 22. Amultitude of Branches in the fir Year is 
 not always a fign of Vigour ; but ifthey prove weak, 
 an ill Omen, and token of Infirmity in the Roots. 
 
 24. When either a Dwarf or Wall-tree is great and 
 old, it feldom fhoots green Branches, and therefore 
 faults are not fo eafily committed in pruning it, if the 
 Dwarf be but kept open, and the Wall-tree have a 
 good Figure, faults arife moft where the Tree is vigo- 
 rous, and produceth more than is expected. 
 
 2.5. We can only judge of the Strength or Weak: 
 nefs of Branches by comparing them with others on the 
 lame Tree, the part on which they grow ,and the nature 
 of the Tree making difference ; the neighbourhood of 
 one very thick renders another, that is not fo a 
 
 wea 
 
 * 
 
 Pe tS es OS See as a Se aa ea ee ioe 
 
 
 
 ed 
 
 te 
 
 
 
 cern 
 =, 
 
 Se gate 
 “ es. 
 
 
 
 ie Sort? 
 pore se 
 

 
 Vol. 11. The Complete Gard'wr. 122 
 
 weak ; as many weak ones render another that is not fo 
 weak, thick... | RE AON ON 
 
 26. This Rule is confiderable, for fometimes there 
 is an extraordinary length and pretty thickneG, which 
 yet ought to belook’d on as weak or {mall. 
 
 27. When Branches. are very {lender towards the 
 ends, ‘tis a certain fign of Weaknefs, and ought tobe 
 fhortned ; and if thick there, the contrary is as {ure. _ 
 
 28. The farther a weak Branch is diftant from the 
 Trunk, the le(S nourifhment it receives, and. is there- 
 ‘fore to be fhortned ; thick Branches the mere diftant 
 from the Heart, receive the more, and are therefore 
 to be removed, that the Vigour may extend it felf to 
 the middle or lower part of the Tree, Ws shee 
 
 29. From fome Trees, efpecially Pear Trees, fome- 
 times proceed Horizontal Branches, admirable to be pre- 
 ferv’d, either fhooting inwards or outward. | 
 
 30. Some Branches may feem proper for Wood, to 
 eftablifh the figure of the Tree, yet it they prove of no 
 better growth than Wood-branches, they muft not cone 
 tinue. So that if better can be producd to fupply 
 their places, they are not to. berelyedon. 
 
 31. Whena Tree, efpecially Peach and Plumb-tree, 
 ceafes to put forth néw Branches, they mutt be look’d 
 upon as decaying Trees, and another prepar'd for its 
 place; inthe mean time cutting off all that are faplefs. 
 
 32. A Branch for Wood muft never be prun’d with- 
 out occafion require it: As when alow Standard is hurt 
 by a Neighbour that overgrows him, in fuch cafe 
 {ome Branches that anoy the other may be prun’d and 
 left to bear Fruse at greater heightthan otherwife they 
 ought, that you may receive fome Fruit before they 
 are quite cut off. 
 
 “23. Thick Branchesthat grow from the ends of co» 
 thers tollerably thick and long, mutt be cut off fhort, 
 that others may put forth in their ftead; for if they 
 were continued and pruned according to ordinary me- 
 
 thod, they would grow longand naked. 34. The 
 
 ™, 
 
424 The Complete Gard’ner. Vol, YI. 
 
 ~ 34. The cutting thus hort and ftump-wife is gene- 
 vally ufed, where a Branch taat was weak and long is 
 ‘grown vigorous, and puts forth at its end twoor three 
 itrong Branches ; it fhould have been fhortned while 
 3t was weak, and it mult be ferv'd fo yer. | 
 
 . I the Branch cut ftump-wife hath produc’ duo 
 Branches for Wood, but a thick Branch at or near the 
 place of the Seump, it muft alfo be cut ftump-wife, un- 
 lefs the old one were left too long, which then ought 
 to be cut again. 
 
 36. If an old well liking Tree be diforder'd' with 
 falfe Wood, by ill pruning 5 take it lower by cutting off 
 a Branch or two yearly, *till it is fufficiently fhortned, 
 if it be a gaod Kind worth preferving ; otherwife graff 
 on ita better fore. | 
 _ 37. Some Trees put forth fo vigoroufly, that they 
 cannot the firft year be reduc'd to a {mall compafs, 
 fuch muft be allow’d to extend themfelves, or elfe 
 they will produce fale Wood 5 atrerwards you wend 
 reduce them. — 
 38. A vigorous Tree can never have too many 
 Branches. if wellorder’d nor a weak Tree too few. 
 39. The Branches of falle Wood, or Suckers, as to 
 Peach-trees and other Stone Fruit, are not fo’ defective 
 of Eyes or Buds, as thofe that grow on Kernel 
 Fruit Trees ; Uf there be a fmall number, manage them 
 as Peare-trees in the like cafe ; but if many and thofe, 
 onthe lower part of the Tree, fome of them may be 
 prepar’d to renew the Tree. 
 
 40. All Frees have a Branch or two if not more, 
 predominant ; where the Vigour is equally divided, 
 it’s beft 5 but "Ff it incline to one fide miore than ano- 
 ther, it” : very faulty. 
 
 43. A Wood Branch on the infide of a Dwarf Is Mel 
 come, if favourably plac’d to fupply a thin fide. 
 
 42. Fruit-buds of Pear and Apple trees fometimes 
 form themfelves the fame Year in which the Branch 
 
 } they 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 Vol. If. The C omplete Gard’ner. is 5 
 
 they are adherent to is form’d, as generally all the Buds 
 of Stone Fruit do; but forthe moft part it’s two or three 
 Years or longer, before the former come to perfeGtion. 
 
 43+ Shoots put forth in Autumn are always bad ; and 
 muft be taken off. 
 
 44. It is in the Gard’ners power to make Frnit-buds 
 grow where he pleafeth, but not when he pleafes. 
 
 45. Ifa thick Branch, being prun’d, fhoots forth 
 three, refpeét mutt be had to their thicknefS and fit- 
 nefs for Fruit, and to maintain the Figure, and accor- 
 dingly to be retain7d or cut off. | 
 
 46. Wall-Stone-fruit-trees do well in putting forth 
 fide Branches on Shoots of the fame Year, for moft Trees 
 are too apt to {hoot upwards: 
 
 47. Never preferve faplefs Branches. 
 
 48. A Dwarf tree of the Beurre Pear, when it bears 
 muft be prun’d fhorter than others, left the plenty 
 and weight of its Frui¢ caufe itto {pread of open too 
 much, which is no pleafing Figure. , 
 
 49- In May take care that good Branches of Wall- 
 fruit creep not behind the Supporters or Lettice frame. 
 
 go. A languifhing Pear-tree may be reftor'd by 
 pruning and removal in better Ground, but never a 
 Peach tree, efpecially if Gum appear. 
 
 §1. Ita young Dwarf-tree have been fpoil’d by Pru- 
 ning or Accident, that it’s thinner on one fide than 
 anether, on which ic change to put forth a Branch (tho* 
 of falfe 70d) it may be allow’d to be continued of grea 
 terlength, than otherwife the general Rules do admit. 
 
 52. When a Tree forms many Branches, fome ftrong, 
 others weak, it may foon produce Fruit; but if few, 
 and thofe ftrong, it produceth no Fruit, “till in time it’s 
 grown fuller of Branches that abate its vigorous 
 Shoots, 
 
 §3- When Trees (by reafon of their Vigour in 
 gtowth )do not bear Frais, leave uponthem 2 hae 
 
126 The Complete Gard’ ner Vol. I 
 deal of old Wood, avoiding Confutton as ret as Va- 
 cuity. 
 <4. It’s good to review prefently aber pruning, to. 
 amend fome fatilts that probably may be committed. 
 
 55. When a Tree puts forth much ftronger Shoots 
 on one, fide than the other, a great part of the ftrong 
 Branches muttbe cut off clofe to the Body, or fome of 
 
 them ftump- wife. 
 ..56. In all forts of Trees allow lef length to the aoe 
 
 5 he ftrong Branches. 
 
 57. It is common upon all Trees ” efpecially ‘the : 
 more ancient ) to find weak Branches which want nou- 
 rifhment, therefore at the grand pruning, or oftner, 
 fhorten fome, and diminifh others; or {ometimes a 
 fuperior Branch thatistoo vigorous, whereby the weak — 
 may be berter replenifht. 
 
 5.8. When an upper Branch requires ede cut 
 it-clofeto another, that it may healover; but when a 
 lower is cut off, do it floping, or ata little diftanc:, 
 that a new one may grow out of ir. 
 
 . $9. When a {trong Branch is cut pretty ae and 
 produceth nothing but weak ones towards its end, “tis 
 not likely to make a good Figure. 
 
 Go, Ifa young crooked Tree produce a fine Branch 
 below the crook, cutthe Head off clofeto that Branch 
 
 61. Ifa thick Shaor put. forth on a Wall-tree, ic 
 may better be prefery’d on it, tho ill plac’d, thar on 
 a Dwarf, becaufeby nailing Ligatures; it felf, or thofe 
 that grow from it, may be turned often toa convenient 
 place, which cannot be fo well effected on Standard 
  Dwarf-Trees. 
 62s Tho’ Give, fix or feven Inches be ufually the 
 
 proper length to leave Wood-branches at 3 yet very of- 
 ten they muft be left longer or fhorter as occafion re= 
 quires, upon the confideration of the vigour or weak- 
 " nefs of the Tree, thicknefs or {mallnef of the Branch 
 
 to be cu:, the fullnefs or vacuity of the place 
 ) af 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 Vol. Il. The Complete Gard’ ner, 127. 
 
 of its pofition, and the height of other Branches upon 
 
 the fame Tree. 
 
 63. The Objections againft skilful Pruning deferve 
 not an Anfwer. 
 
 64. Whena fine Fruit-branch {hoots many others, 
 which feem fit for Fruit, if they caufe no Confufion, 
 and the Tres hath vigour, particularly in Pear Trees, 
 they may be preferv’d. 
 
 65. It happens fometimes ( sfocially upon W/all~ 
 
 —_grees,.) that fometimes a vigorous Branch, after it hath 
 ~ put forth the fame year of its growth fmall Shoots to- 
 
 wards the Head or end, may alfo fhoot ftronger af 
 terwards below ; thefe laft may be preferv'd for Wood 
 Branches, and therefore to be fhortned, and the other 
 look’d on as Fruit: branches, 
 
 66. There’s no Scruple to be made, even in old 
 Trees; elpecially Pear, Apple, and Apricot Trees, of 
 abating thick Branches on certain fides, that by ill or- 
 dering prove too long and thin; tho’ it be not conve- 
 nient, without abfolute neceflity, to cut many thick 
 Branches which ftand over weak ones, fhot from the 
 fame part, left the Sap which fed the larger, flow fo 
 plentifully into the lefler, that it caufe them to put 
 forth much falfe Wood, and Suckers. 
 
 67. Branches that from the ends of others are com- 
 monly good Wood, yet -fometimes it happens other- 
 wife, andthen muft be corrected. 
 
 C HAP, 
 
128 TheComplete Gard'ner. Vol. Il. 
 Se AB OR 
 Particular Remarks for. the firft Pruning; 
 
 yearly to be perform'd in February and — 
 March, upon Trees of Stone-Fruit, efpect- . 
 ally on Peach and Apricot Trees; either . 
 
 Dwarf-Standards or Wall-Trees. 
 
 Ruit-branches of the Trees above mention’d, are 
 but of a fmall continuance, many of them perifh= 
 ing the firft Year in which they produce Fruit, and 
 even without it, if the Bloffoms were deftroy’d ; thefe 
 mutt be cur off, unlefs you find they have pur forth 
 
 Shoots for Bloffems for the fucceeding Year. 
 _ Iris not fo with the Frait-branches of Pear and Ap- 
 
 _ ple-treés, and even Plim trees. 
 
 The Curious ought to be pitied, whofe Trees are 
 
 planted in cold ill Ground, or Ground worn out. 
 
 Weak Brarches inuft be preferv’d with care, ( the 
 length proportion’d totheir ftrength) for the vifiblé 
 Hopes of prefent Fruit; and at fecond Pruning, if ot: 
 cafion requires, more boldnefs may be taken, but litle 
 hopes is to be had of them after. : 
 
 Strong Branches are to be look’d tipon with relation 
 to the future, and therefore cut fhorr, to produce o- 
 thers of both Kinds, and fill up the Vacancies where 
 thofe that have ceas’d bearing are cut off. 
 
 Trees of very vigorous growth, are not apt to bear 
 Fruit, fo that on fuch it may do well to leave Branches 
 of a moderate thicknefs, and long, which may pro- 
 duce, probably, Fiuit bearing- branches the Lucceeding 
 Year. 
 
 When & Peachtree ceafeth to ptt fotth Branched 
 for Wood, provide one to fucceed him. . 
 
 It an old Peach tree fhortned, hath put forth feveral 
 good Branches, order it as a young planted Tree isale 
 ready appointed to be; only leave the Branches longer 
 
 7 : > Wher 
 

 
 Vol. WW. The Compleat Gard’ner, 129 
 Where Walls are not above fix or feven Foot high, 
 the Trees planted againft rhenrmuft-be-at greater di. 
 {tance than ordinary, and the fide Branches futter'd td 
 grow long, if the I7ce be vigorous, even to a Foot 
 and a half in length. | 
 
 
 
 CHAP. XXXL 
 
 Particieliy Remarks upon the Second and third Pru. 
 ning of Stone-Fruit. 
 
 " His fecond Pruning isto be perform’d about the 
 ' middle of May, and concerns not thick Bran- 
 
 ches, but the weak, that were left at the firft grand 
 
 Pruning, in hopes of Fruit upon them,which Branches 
 
 produce different effects. As; s . 
 
 — -. The moft profperous Fruit and fine Branches, 
 in the beft part of their extent, having Fruit that lies 
 
 fo clofe, as to be likely to obftru&t one another in 
 
 their growth, fome muft be taken away : And in cafe 
 
 the multitude of young Shoots, may be likely to bring 
 
 - confufion, fome of the meaneft and worft plac’d may 
 
 be cut off. dite S thtod ie we doe 
 2. Where there ismuchFrwit and no fine Branches, 
 
 but weak and ufelefS: There fome of the Fr-wit thould 
 
 be taken off, leaving that which is faireft and beft plat’d 
 
 and the Branch itfelf fhortned : If the Frat grow on 
 
 . the lower part of the Bramch, cut it off.clofe to them, 
 
 _ (3. Where you have no Frit; and yet many fine 
 
 _ Branches; fome of thefe ought to be preferv’d for Fraiz 
 
 next Year, but if any one be more luxurious in its 
 
 _ growth than others, efpecially toward the end of the 
 
 _ Branch, cut that clear off; but where there’s neither 
 
 _ Fruit nor good Shoots, cut off fuch aBranch clofe to the 
 
 —lowermoft Shoot it hath put forth: Ren age) 
 
 4. Uf thé Branch have only produc’d a fingle Shoor 
 _ at the end thereof, att Fruit every where, if 
 
130: The:Compleat: Gard’ner? Vol. He 
 
 it be not fo: {trong as to. be likely to become a Branch 
 of IWood; it ought to be preferv’d, and the 4malk ones. 
 among: the Fruit cut off ; butif it incline to dm a 
 Wood. Branch, fhorten it. 
 
 Pe as: be along Branch, and, hath only tid or 
 three Fruits towards its End, and a few Shoots in its 
 Extent, unlefS for particular ‘Reafon you would pre- 
 ferve the Fruit, {iorten fuch a’ Branch, and preferve 
 its belt Shoots. 
 
 6. Such. Branches-as are deftroy’d:by Cold or-Gum,. 
 cut off as far as they are-dead. 
 
 If any thing have hindred the performance of this 
 fecond. Prwxing in rates it og be done till the 4 
 die Ob Fines oo. 
 
 
 
 
 
 C H AP. XXXIL 
 
 in_the Summer- time: 
 
 Of the dj ‘ferent manners of ordering? a: Peact i Thee 
 
 S avd’ners- ee three different ways: Bertin 
 
 me pull ortear off all youngShoots which grow: 
 before:and behind, and: Teav e but few: others 
 Thefe féem to-blame. iT ! 
 2. Others cut off thofe Shor within three.or Soare 
 hy Yes or Buds of the Branch they: grow: om; ~whiclt: 
 renders: the Treeugly: and difagreeable. 1° ~~ | 
 3. The laft manner is; to: preferve: all the: iBoad 
 Branches and nail them: up neatly, leaving them tou 
 the time of general “Prwime, at which time you may: — 
 preférve thoté-y ou like beft, which ds) mite Courfe the 
 Aud of acre, took. 
 
 CHAP. © 
 
 
 

 
 Vol. I, The (Compleat Gardner 1 31 
 CHAP XXXML 
 
 Of the Trimming of faperfluons needlefs Buds 
 and Sprigs. 
 7 Hereas Pruning so only to fhorten or take 
 : away old Beanches;chat either by. their length, 
 ‘feitnation, or number, annoy a Tree ;- fo this Trim- 
 ming or Picking, is entitely to teniove young Braz. 
 ches of the farne Year, either: thick of final, growing 
 improperly, ot to caufe confiion of prejudice tothe 
 whole Tree, of the Brarich on'which they ate grown. 
 The: time for itis all the Sumter, as’occafion re- 
 quirés 2 the fooner the'better (if it reed it) to pre- 
 vent the. gtowth of thofe ufelels Shoots that wake 
 great dedl 6f ah and this fhould be perforttd on 
 youris as well. old. Trees. pki 
 
 _ It isnot eafie to fet down precifely what Brav- 
 
 | ebes malt be thus Pravd or Trin’d, bat a skillful 
 
 
 
 «Gardner, who by the Rules foregoing hath fornm’d 
 
 the Ides of a fine Tree, arid coticluded what {hould 
 renin for Wood and Frwit-branches, will eafily pet- 
 ceive: what’s fit to léavé; and what to take off, be 
 it either. Buds. before they aré fhot, of Shots lately 
 put forth ;. and obfetvitig’ the Direfticts before 
 mention’d- in Preaing, he'll need no farther affiff. 
 atice'in this matter: 
 
132 The Compleat Gardner. Vol, It. 
 CHAP. XXXIV. 
 
 Particular Remarks for another material Operation, 
 to be perform'd in the Summer upon fome Trees, 
 which vs called Pinching or Breaking. 
 
 plnching, in relation to Gard’nings ig to break de- 
 T fignedly atender Sprig of any Pant whatfoevet; 
 without the help of any Inftrument, only ufing the 
 Nails of two Fingers; your Shoots do }ferved, are 
 not fo. apt to die and grow black, aswhen cut.with — 
 a Knife: It may be -praétis’d on Buds or tender 
 Shoots in April or May, and fometimes in Fume and 
 Fuly Vis commonly practis’d on the Shoots. of Me- 
 lons, Cucumbers, &c. not on Fruit-trees, but our 
 Author usd it on Pear,» Peach, Fig, and Orange- 
 trees, but what’s here mention’d concerns only the 
 two firft.. Pf yal of atiss ’ ie | 
 This Operation is tobe perform’d upon thick new 
 Shoots, within two or three Eyes of the Branch they 
 ow out of; and the Effect is, that inftead of one 
 tong Wood-Branch (that may. be obnoxious) a vigo- 
 tous Ivee will put forth two or three at thofe Eyes 
 left; and the Sap being now divided, ‘the Branches 
 may be lefler and fit for Wood and Fruit, if they are 
 well placd, but- it’s chiefly to be prattisd upon — 
 the thick Branches on the top, which wouldremain ~ 
 ufelefs from their Situation, and yet fpend much — 
 Sap. . | 
 This is not to be praétis’d on weak Branches ; fot — 
 if they put forth more, thole probably be weaker — 
 than the Stem fo pinched. q 
 
 
 
 C#H AP, | 
 
 
 
Pr O’n;- ans © 1° (owe we es 
 i ee a = pee mee 
 
 
 
 Vol. Uf: The Compleat Gard’nar. 333 
 
 WN AGE cA SRR REY. 
 
 Of what is to be done to fome Trees. being extraor- 
 dinary vigorous, not bearing Fruit. 
 
 Sa Expedients. and Remedies have heen pro- 
 pos'd for curing vigorous J7zes, that produce 
 nuch Wood but little or no Frwit, which upon tryal 
 have had no fuecefs;, As. o> Ore 
 To bore a Hole in the Stemofa Tree, and-put a 
 Peg of dry Oa into it; to fplit-one main Root, and 
 put a Stove into it; to Prune at the time of the de- | 
 clining of the Moon, Wc. . 7 yf ad” ere 
 _ . The manner ot Pruning, (as, is before direfted) 
 - inay bea great help to bearing Frvit, but the moft 
 effectual Cure, . is to open a part.of the Ground, fo, 
 as to. come at the Roots, and.cut of one, two, or 
 three of them on one fide,. which will put-a {top to 
 the great affluence of Sap. Some have ufed ro take up 
 _ the I7ees and replant them, but this is.too violenta 
 
 _ Force upon them.. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 tiga! GH AP. WRKVIL, 
 Of the Conduit or Culture of Fig-Trees. 
 
 | mi bate difficulty of preferving the Fig-trees from. 
 a the Cold, is the chief Keafon why fo few of 
 them are propagated in’ our Climates, for in hot 
 | Countries they abound, and that. to. great Proft:: 
 | Butfince their Frvit is much defired by.fome Perfons, 
 they may propagate and maintain what number they 
 pleafe fecurely, and to bear Fruit well in'Ca/es with 
 little difficulty, after thefe following Direftions. 
 _t. For the Earth, itneed be only common Gurden 
 | Mould mixt withan equal quantity of rotten Dung, 
 ep a Ce. which 
 
334  TheCompleatGard’ne. Vol. 1, — 
 which muft be ram’d hard to the bottomof theCa/e, 
 and the Tvee fet very near the top, with Mlou/d more 
 loofely laid about jit. : 
 
 2. Their Roots, inftead of being hard and thick, 
 are foft, Hexible, and flender, eafier to be ordered in 
 Cafes than Orange-trees, which yet thrive well in 
 them. 7 ‘, j 
 3. The Free puts forth abundance of Roots, 
 fo that it’s eafie for them to feed the top and grow 
 vigorous, and that with little Earth, ifwell watered. 
 
 Thefe are nothing fo tenderas Orange-trees, which 
 are Green,and growing aswell in Winter asSummet, 
 and therefore an ordinary Confervatory will fuit with 
 them, be it Cellar, Barn, or Stable, and they need 
 net be put in till the end of November, unlefS Frofts 
 are earlier than ordinary, and that without any great 
 care, culture, or clofenefs, unlefs in extream Frofts, 
 and to be taken out again in the beginning of March, 
 or later,as the Seaforn happens, and if it permit, the. 
 fooner the better, to inure them to the Air, and that 
 the Sun-beams and Showers of Rain in Mereband A- 
 prifmay haften their putting forth : being taken out 
 of the Confervatory, let them be put clofe under a 
 Wall expos’d to the Eaft or South Sun, and fo conti. — 
 nue till the beginning of (May, in the mean timeif 
 Frofts happen, let them have fome coverings in the — 
 Night, becaufe the Fruit hath no Leaf to f{helter it, 
 and afterwards the open Air is beft, fo it henotmuch — 
 expos'd to Cold, but fayour'd by the help of Walls! 
 or other Shelter. it at blo 5 4 
 
 At their firft putting out into the Air, letthem have. — 
 a good Watering, and they'll need no moge till the! _ 
 middle of Apri ;.in May give them Wateroncea _ 
 Week,and towardsthe middle of Zwae frequently al-: 
 moftdaily.; theSun having great influenceontheRoots,) 
 by reafon of their being thus in'Ca/es, cantes them to, — 
 ripen fooner than thofe againft a Walljandcommonly, ~ 
 to bear two Crops of Fruitone in fame or fudyanother 
 
 - 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 Vol. IE «The (Compleat Gardner. 35 
 in September , for the better ripening the later, place 
 the Cafes again under a warm Wall.» 
 
 To fupply and maintain the Stock (for you cannot 
 expect they {hould be fit for Cafes above fifteen Years) 
 they are eafily cultivated : in the middle of March 
 take up young Fie-Trces, either Suckers from the old, 
 or Layers that are Rooted, and after having fhorten’d 
 all the Roots and Stem, put them invearthen Pots:a- 
 bout four Inches deep, and place thefe ina hot Bed, 
 after the great heat is pretty well-over, let therm 
 be watered, and the Bed, retrefh’d on the fides to'con- 
 
 tinue the \heat, in two Yearstime they may require 
 
 to bethifted into bigger Pots; which do in the end of 
 _ the Year, and as they grow bigger let them have big- 
 ger Cafes once in three or four Years, imihifting re- 
 - movenotthe old Mote or Mou/d trom the Rvors,but Let 
 the like Rule be obferv’d as herein is at firftidirected: 
 After Cafes are come to eighteen Inches {quare, the 
 difficulty of removing them will be confiderable, ityou 
 f{hould yet put them in fome enlarged, unto twenty 
 two, or twenty three Inches fquate, otherwife you 
 might continue them longer in Ca/es : When they are 
 grown too big for Cufes they may ferve, having their 
 Lops and Roots well thortned and prun’d, to fer elie- 
 where. — : vents 
 
 Fig-Irees, by reafon of their great expence of Sup 
 in Leaves, Fruits, and thick Shoots, require watering 
 all the Summer, tho’ little or none in the W inter; 
 this is to be underftood of thofe in Co/es, for thofe 
 that grow on main Land will root fo deep, that part 
 of their Rootsmay continually have moifture, unleis in 
 a very dry Seafon; if they want it, the Fru will not 
 fill; but drop off before it comes to Maturity. 
 
 Thekigure of Fyg-Trees will in no place anfwer that - 
 of other Fruit-Trees , their Beauty in Cafes confiftsin 
 being real Dwarf-Trees without a middle Srey if it 
 may be, not fhooting too high, not being too much ex- 
 tended with bareBranches which they are fubject unto, 
 unlefS great forefight be had. ae As 
 
 Sa ee aT ee ee a  # rie eo Ce ee. 
 
436 © The Compleat Gardner. Vol. Wh 
 ~ As to the Trzmming and Pruning thefe Trees, it’s 
 neceflary yearly towards Spring to cut off all dead 
 ‘Branches, which they atz more {ubje&t unto than any 
 (trees its : er (OR age 
 _. As to Kg-Trecs, placed again a Wall : In the Sum- 
 mer time do beft to have fome liberty from the 
 ‘Wall, and not clofe tack’d, as otherfywit-I7ees ought 
 to be, but rather upheld by Poles or Petghes faften’d 
 to the Wall at a little diftance, tho’ in the Winter 
 fome ftrangling Branches ought tobe cutoff or nail’d 
 clofer, the better to place before them a defence of 
 ‘thick Mat or Straw upon a frame to preferve them 
 from the Cold, the North-ea/? Winds, and fometimes 
 the South, proves Mortal to them, and thefe are to be 
 continu’d until Apri/ or very nearit. 
 
 -' Another material thing is, every Winter towards — 
 the begining or end, to take up all Suckers fromthe 
 ‘Foot near the Root, and thefe may be of good ufeto 
 taife more I7ees, being planted ina Trench neara — 
 Wall.and covered in the Winter: And the Branches — 
 of the Tree ought not to be permitted to’ grow too 
 high, in order to keepthemmore full, therefore the 
 new thick Branches ought yearly to be fhortnedjtoa 
 Foot or thereabout,and the Bud at the end of the Bran- 
 ches to be broken off in the Spring time, that inftead | 
 of one fingle Branch it may have two, and it may caufe 
 them to {hoot out Figs the earlier, and fo the fooner — 
 Ripe, all furtherence thereto is neceffary in our Cli- 
 mates; the fame courfe of pinching off Emd-Buds 
 is very profitable in Summer alfo, and weak Branches 
 are. to Le cut quite off ; for contrary to moft other 
 Trees, the thick and ftrong Branches of Fig-Trees bear 
 Fruit, and not the {mall ; but if for want of others — 
 any weak Branches are preferv’d, they muft be much — 
 fhorten’d. Mie A AMS ISHi0. 1 
 * As to Dearf-Fig-Trees out of Cafes, they are trou- 
 blefom to be kept, fhould be covered in the Win- © 
 ther, and ripen later than againft the Wall. -- 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 ra SS! OP) cde 
 
 Voll HW. The Compleat Gard’ner, 137 
 
 CHAP. XXXVH. 
 Of the. manner. of Pruning pretty old Trees. 
 
 ewsHere are three different ftates which well grown 
 
 . Trees arrive at. Firft, Vigorous Second Weak ; 
 
 ‘Third, in the Mean. ii a Mi : 
 _ As tothe Vigorous, refpe& in Pauning muft be al- 
 ways had tocontinue or amend the Fieurc, and as the 
 Figure will bear it, to leave the {trong Branches tong, 
 viz. aFoot and half, or two Foot, and cut off few but 
 fuch as grow outwardly, tocut them flantingly within 
 a Bud or two of the Stem, and inwardly within the 
 thicknefs of a Crown piece. 
 
 When old Trees are very weak, commonly the beft 
 expedient isto P/ant new onesin their places; but if 
 Perfons will preferve them they muft disburthen them 
 extreamly, by leaving tew Branches tor Wood upon 
 them, and to fhorten thofe to five or fix Inches’ in 
 length, and but very few weak ones, and none that 
 are dry or over much wafted. 
 
 Asto thofe that bear and profper indifferently well, 
 the Rules for young T7ces.are to be obferv’d {till 
 wherein the Beauty of the Figure is always tobe re- 
 {petted, which in a Dwarf-tree.it is to. be low inthe 
 Stem, open in the Middle, round in circumference, 
 many goodBranches on its fides, equal in height and 
 thicknefS. In a Wall-tree it is to be equally furnifh’d 
 on both fides, not to be let run up only, or too faft 
 in the middle of it, nor yet too thin or f{paring. 
 
 CHA P. 
 
10) eee ae 
 
 % 
 
 Lae < ae P x 5 » vf 
 138 The Compleat Gard'ner. Vol. I. 
 - CHAP. XXXVIIL ) | 
 
 Of defe&s of Praning, in relation toold . 
 Dwarfs, | 
 AT HERE a Dwarf-tree hath been lefttoo high 
 
 i | \ in the Stem, if it be old, the inconveniencies 
 would be too many, if it be fhortned ; butif it be — 
 not above three year old, ic may be fhortned with 
 advantage. Ifit be too thick inthe middle, cut off * 
 clearly one, two, or more Branches that caufe that. - 
 fulnefs. 
 
 _ As to the defect inRoundnefs, a Tree is not eafily 
 amended, it muft proceed from the not fhortning — 
 thofe ftrong Branches it put forth firft, and Year 
 after Year as they onght to have been done; or elfe 
 where a young Tree puts forth one {trong Branch and. 
 one weak one, which were both left ofa like length, 
 (as they ought) but the ftrong over-growing the 
 weak one, hath made it fo unequal; tho’ thisitrong — 
 one, by often {hortning whereit ought to have been, 
 might in time have beenconducted to fipply the Va- 
 cancies, by {hooting Branches fide-ways, which the 
 weak one could not And this way the fourth defet, 
 viz. of unequal FulnefS on the fides, may becorretted. 
 
 : 
 } 
 - 
 
 
 
 CHAP. XXXIX. 
 
 Of defetis of Pruning, in relation t0 old 
 Wall Trees. | 
 
 . 
 TH HE defetts of Wall Trees muft proceed alfo. 
 from the Negligence or Ignorance of the Gar- 
 
 dimer in the firft Years, by not fhortning the top 
 Shoot, and maintaining an equal Strength on both fides, 
 The cure is to fhorten them dt two or thtee Years 
 | growth, 
 
 
 

 
 | An old Tree Prune, ay iL ought to be after having shot 
 
 with a preat deal of Confuston 
 
 
 
 } 
 H 
 | 
 i 
 
 
 
 Branches cut to the theckne . 
 of a Crown prece . 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 > FS . 
 ee 
 a rr SSS 
 oe ae a ca a Ss 
 ES = 
 Saree TES 5 = oe 
 ee eee 
 —$———— 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Mn old Tree that has shot Branches with great Confision 
 ( every where and chiefly wre the meddle 
 
 
 

 
 fot above t 
 
 advantage. 
 clearly one 
 fulnefs. | 
 
 As to the 
 
 elutes 
 
 thofe ftror 
 after Year 
 
 Ps 
 
 where a yo | 
 
 one weak ¢ 
 
 (as they o 
 weak one, 
 
 one, by of 
 might in ti 
 
 cancies, by 
 weak one ¢ © 
 
 uls. of une 
 
 yi fron 
 
 diner in th 
 
 Shoot, and maintaumng, dTequaroucnpe 
 
 “a 
 mt aa = 
 ay 
 ae 
 jy. 
 y 
 el 
 “nt ""F. a 
 ee bn 
 ak” tae 
 ‘ae oa 
 4 Pi 
 lo - 
 “i a 7 
 : 
 J 
 eine Ne 
 
 s 
 * 4 
 x 
 2m 4 a 
 Fie Sire 
 aie rere 
 5 Be yy: 
 ve Pr i en 
 - 
 i > 
 : ys ay 
 
 “wn Nats 
 
 * ? 
 5 v P ? 
 Uo ae 
 3 gf 7 
 . “ x 
 oa i 
 M yy H 
 id 
 o i 
 i 
 <eat) 
 x 
 j 
 
 
 
 eich ‘, 4 c 
 
 The cure is to fhorten them dt two or thtee on 
 
 growth, 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 a 
 great| A coed, large Branch 
 side because tras wll Prund Br ‘anch liege le to Bee 7 4 ata 
 
 
 
 S0?he weak ones 
 
 
 
 
 SS 
 <S SS 
 => 
 
 
 
 
 = Ss 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 This Ince itwell Prind | 
 because the great Branch. 
 
 
 
 , The wecond years 
 
 2 he, effect ofa good 
 Pruning 
 
 
 
 retin 
 
 
 
 has not bin spared 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 | The effect of the third The third years . 
 years Pruning , ak 
 
 
 
 Br. anches ci the al 
 Seas Prunng 
 
 
 
 
 
 | 
 i 
 
 
 

 
 
 diner. . 
 Shoot, and fhaintaunng an equar 
 
 Fhe cure is to fhorten them dt two or three Years 
 
 sasha 
 

 
 Vol. = — The Compleat Gard’ner. 139 
 
 _ growth, and tho the I7ce be old, fome thick Branches 
 may betaken off, with good efte& in all Frwit-trees, 
 unlefs old Peach-trees that have been grafted ; but if 
 it be a Peach+ree that came from a Stone, (thoold) 
 it will fhoot again very vigoroufly, for tho’ fuch be 
 longer than thofe grafted betore they come to bear, 
 yet they xecompence it in laftingmuch longer. _ 
 So what for an old grafted Peach-treesthe grand Re- 
 medy of fhortning may not avail, but the ordinary — 
 Rules of Pruning are to be continued, and to refrefh 
 it with new Mou/d, and cut off feme of the old Roots, 
 or elfe Plant a young frefh Tree in its place. 
 
 For fuch Treesas are {hort’ned, their young Shoots - 
 ought to be order’d according to the former Rules 
 | ing young I7ecs.. | 3 
 _. The over fulnefs of one fide more than another, 
 may arife either by permitting too many to grow 
 thereon, or by cutting off several thick Branches near 
 one another,whereby the I7ce is apt to put forth ma- 
 ny in their ftead, which muit needs caufe confufion 
 where they are, and likely to caufe a defet in other 
 
 places. 
 
 
 
 CHAP. XL. 
 «Of the Pruning of Vines. 
 
 O Tree. requires fo much Pruning,not is any fo. 
 eafie to be done as Vines ate; without regular 
 runing, it neither produceth fo good, fine, or well 
 fed Fruit, asit would otherwife do. | 
 As the large Branches of Pear-trees, fo the fall . 
 ones of Vines produce no Fruit,butare wholly ufeleis, 
 confuming a great quantity of Sap, and are therefore 
 to be cut off. | 
 Two things are to be confidered in the Pruaiag ot 
 Vines, the vigour of the Pant, and the time; pre 
 c) on ow ; | Jatter, 
 
140 ‘The (ompleat Gardner. Vol. Il, 7 
 later, nothing need be added touching the time, to 
 what hath been faid of the Pruning of other Fruit- 
 trees. fS7an ooh Dio @igmnu 
 
 As to vigour, the number of Branches to be left 
 muft be proportion’d thereto, fo it make not confufi- 
 on in the moft vigorous; and the thickeft and beft 
 plac’d are to be preferv’d,and ordinarily their length 
 to be limited to four Buds or Eyes cut ofta full Inch 
 above the uppermolt Eye, and ilopewife, the Slope 
 ending on that fide the Eye grows on. Thefe. Direéti- 
 -ons.are for Vines againft a Wall. cot tlw 2 
 
 - The Branches ofthe foregoing Year are generally to 
 
 be taken off, unlefS it happens (as often in old Vizes) 
 you cut. off the old Stem (grown ufelefs) unto the 
 young, or have need to encreafe the heighth or f{pread- 
 ing of the Ivee, and then they fhould befhortned to 
 the leaving only two Eyes. 1% 
 In moderateClimates the Mz/ca 
 a South Wall,and to grow to.ten foot high; the fame 
 heighth is proper for Chaffe/as, Currans, early Grapes, 
 &xc. but thofe not againft Walls much lower. | 
 When the preceeding Years Pruning hath produc’d 
 three or four Branches (if the Vine be of the heighth 
 above mention’d) the weak are to be whoily remov’d 
 and two of the ftrongeft futficient to be preferv’d, 
 leaving four Eyes on the uppermoft, and two onthe 
 lowermoft Branch,and the fucceeding Year taking the 
 uppermoft off clofe, if the lower have produc’d two 
 sood Shoots, or elfe ro fave what’s wanting'on the 
 lower upon the uppermoft. | ri 
 When the old V’7zes begin to appear wafted, it’s 
 _ neceffary tocouch or lay down fome young onesinto- 
 the Earth, to.beget new Wood from time to time, 
 
 and alfo when any diminution of vigour is perceiv’d 
 
 © 
 
 to refrefh the Roots with Dung or Soil, 
 If the Seafon be very dry, watering in. Ayguft is 
 of great advantage to the Frwit. ORT OFF 
 
 cadine Grape requires 
 
 
 

 
 Wool. Wl. = The Compleat Gardner. 1418 
 It the Fruit-bearing-branch be not very vigorous, 
 it ought in Zwly to be cut oft clofe to the Fra ; 
 | In the heat of “otra fome Leaves are neceflary o- 
 ver the fvait, to {helter it from the Sun-beams un- 
 til it’s half ripe, and then.barenefS is requifite to 
 bring it to maturity. 
 
 Birds and Flies of feveral Kinds, a3 well as Frofts 
 and Rain,’ are-Enemies to the: Grape. 
 
 «Nets may be uféd upon the Vizice to peeves Birds 
 eating the Fruit, and Vails with Water and a little 
 Hony or Sugar, hung with Pack-thread upon the 
 Branches, will induce Flies to drown themfelves, 
 which (whena: confiderable number are in) mult be 
 emptied, and renew’d as before. 
 
 nt 
 
 
 
 OF 
 
 Wares 
 
142 TheConplea Gard’: Volt | 
 
 WW 
 
 
 
 OF 
 
 Kitchen-Gardens, 
 
 VOL I. PART. V: : 
 
 CH Ar aes 
 
 
 
 Concerning the care that is requir'd to pick Fruits 
 when they are too abounding. 
 
 y VHE intention of our Cu/ture being to promote 
 fine and fair Fruit,it follows from thence that 
 there is fomething elfe to be done, which is here 
 treated of. 
 __ When we neither meet ,with Frofts nor bliting 
 Windsin the Months of March, April, and May, it’s 
 certain that in fome parts of the I7ee,there will re- 
 main too much Frwit to appear beautiful,and large ; 
 as in relation to Kerzel Fruit, viz. Pears and Apples 
 every Bud commonly produces feven, eight, nine, or 
 ten,more or lef$: But as to Stone-fruit, except Cher- 
 vies, they produce but one Frzit upon one Bud, but 
 their Frait-bearing Branches are commonly burthen’d 
 | ; with 
 
 
 

 
 Vol. W The Compleat Gard’ner, 14% 
 with a great: number of Buds clofe to: one: another, 
 _ and upon-every one: of thefe: Branches there may re: 
 Main an exceffive quantity of Frvit; fo that the more 
 | Fear there isupon a Branch of Stone-Friuat, as Peaches, 
 Apricots, and Plums, the lefS nourifhment they have ; 
 the Sap diftributing it: felf to all. parts alike: The 
 fame may. berfaid of Kerne/-Fruit; which had there 
 - be:nalefsinumber of Frwit upon each Bad andBrancy, 
 _ itwould:have:been larger and better; for it’s impof: 
 . fible co have Largenets, Goodne(s, and: Beauty: all at 
 - onetime); theretore there muft be a- particular care 
 _ taken-to leaveno more Frit upon one Branch or Bid, 
 _ thamwhat may be judg’d ‘capable to receive’ fufficienr 
  Nouriibment, in-orderto produce beautiful Frwsr. 
 In Praning of every Tree there muftbe left as ma- 
 ny; if not more Fruit-bearing Branches, and more Buds 
 | upon it, than it feems-tobe capable of nourifhing ; 
 having {till a: Precaution to the Hazards that are to 
 _ be fear’d before the Fywiteare fafe, and’ being defirous 
 _ to havethe Frvzit all beautiful alike ; after the Frwt 
 _ is-welb knit to make an exact view over every Bud 
 _ and:Branch; in order; as -aforefaid, to leave no more 
 | Fram than what may be judg’d capable of receiving 
 | fufficient Nourifhment. 
 When thefe: fuperfluous. Frits are left upon the 
 Branches, Nature is disburthen’d:of them by high 
 _ Winds, which often: happen in the Months of 7Fu/y 
 and Axguft; beating down' as well the moft beautiful 
  andiglorious Frwit; as the poor and meaneft: 
 Bur fometimes thefe’ Winds do not happen, then 
 thegreateftof our Frvit-which was knit, remains up- 
 on the Tyvees; and thus in the midft of Plenty, we 
 have neither’ Beauty’ nor:GoodnefS to. recompence 
 our! Culture. | sik 
 Tnethis:cafeé:it may-be very: proper to- disburthen 
 the: Pree then on this manner, vis: to tarry: till the’ 
 Fruirsbe: pretty large: in order: to.-take away: the 
 wort; andileave: that’ which. appears-to be beft,-- 
 
 which 
 
244 The Compleat Gard’nr. Vol. Ws — 
 which will be about the end of May, or beginning of 
 Fune, at which time the Frat will be large enough 
 to facilitate our choice. PHTSD 2 x9 AG | 
 But this picking or culliug muft be perform’d foon- - 
 er in Apricots than in any Other Fruit, becaufe they - 
 ripen earlier, and in them we havea confiderable ad- 
 vantage, in making Compots and wet Sweet-meats of 
 the Fy-wit, which in other {mallFrvits wehave not. © 
 - Care muft be had to allow to all frats as much 
 roomas theirBignef$ may require when itapproaches 
 to Maturity, and particularly to thofekindsofStome-» 
 fruits which have fhort Stalks, as Apricots, Peaches; 
 Pavies, &e. left they fhould)obftru& each other: in : 
 srowing ; for irs often feen that the largeft deftroy”. 
 the fmalleft, fo that the Noutifhment they have re- - 
 ceiv’d for two or three Mouths isall in vain; where- » 
 as, had thefe which are worft placed been pick’d off 
 betimes, the {mall ones might have receiv’d thenou-- 
 rifhment that, was wafted on their Neighbour.» 
 Antumn and Winter Pears,efpécially the largeft ; 
 as the Beurees Virgoules, and Bon-Chretiens; do like~ 
 wife ftand inneed of this picking or culling, for ma- 
 ny of them being left upon one Knob, they feldom: 
 produce fine and large Frwit, but one fmaller than - 
 the other, and ill favour’d, fo, that one or two upon 
 a Bud will be enough. | ern ous 
 As for Summer Pear's, as the /t?/e Mufcats,; Robines, 
 Caffolets, Ronffalets, &c. they need not be pick’d, but 
 only to be us’d like P/ams, and Cherries, they being 
 Fruits ofanordinary bignefs,’and are commonly good 
 of all Sizes, provided they bhetipe, and not tainted 
 with Worms. ‘g chen? bas sw iano 
 As to Stone-Fruat, éxcept they arrive to. their Ex- 
 tent and Bignefs proper to their kind, they, never at- 
 tain the delicacy: they ought to-have, the Peaches re- 
 main fhaggy and green, and don’t quit the Stone clears’ 
 they are fowerifh, and bitterifh, the Pulp-is rough; \ 
 gourfe, and often mealy, the Stone much larger than.» 
 xk. @ 
 
 4 
 
 
 
Vol. HW. The Compleat Gardner, 145 
 it fhould be, all which are certain Marks of an ill 
 _ Peach. | | * ines 
 As to Winter Bon-Chretiens, in the Months of Apri/ 
 and May, when they begin to appear knit, be care- 
 ful to deftroy fmall black Caterpillets, which are very 
 numerous about them at that Seaton, gnawing the 
 _ Rind of thofe Pears, which is the reafon they aie of: 
 ten crooked and uneven. 
 
 Roca Movie .: Rae 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 gS ST Aaa 1 
 
 How to uncover, at a proper time, certain Fruits 
 , which require it. 
 
 Ul Raits upon every Tree being thus pick’d, they _ 
 | thicken by degrees under the Leaf, fome more 
 lome lefs, according totheir Kinds ; fome foonerand 
 others later, according to their time of Kipening ; 
 and as the Red or Carnation Colour, are necellary to 
 certain Fruits, which they may have if not hindred, 
 fo there are certain others that can never attain it, as 
 the White Peaches, Vert Longs, Green Sugar-Peurs, 
 White Figs, &c. There is likewife others, tho’ ne- 
 ver fo much covered, always receive their Colour, as 
 Cherries, Rasberries, Strawberries, &c. 
 _ As Colour renders certain Frits more valuable, fo 
 they can never attain it, without the refe€tions of 
 the Sun lye dire€tly upon them; therefore it’s proper _ 
 at certain times to remove fome Leaves which fhade 
 them too much ; likewife thefe Frwits which are fha- 
 ded too much, neither ripen fo foon, nor have they the 
 ‘delicacy of Tafte as thofe which are more expos’d. 
 Yet care muft be had not to uncover them ’till they 
 have attain’d their proper fize, and begin to lofe the 
 great GreennefS they had ’till then. . 
 _ They ought to be uncover’d by degrees, at two or - 
 three feveral times, in pig of fix or feven Devs = 
 or 
 
 | 
 
a = ee eee ee 
 
 146  TheCompleat Gardner. Vol Il. 
 ‘for if they were uncover’d all at once, the great heat 
 of the Sun would certainly occafion a great diforder, 
 the tender Rind not being accuftomed to the open 
 Air | ee 
 But to render the Colout more bright and lively, 
 it will be very proper to ufe a kind of Seringe, like 
 unto a watering Por, to water them two or three 
 times a day during the great heat of the Sun; which 
 foftens the Rz#d, and is of wonderful ufe to that end, 
 efpecially for Apricots and Peaches, and alfo fucceeds. 
 well upon Bon-Chretiens and Virgoulee Pears, being — 
 fomewhat whitifh and having a fine thin Rimd, they 
 are apt to receive that fine Colour, which becomes - 
 them fowell. . * 
 
 
 
 CHAP. IIL 
 
 Of the maturity of Fruits, and the order which 
 Nature obferves in it. | | 
 
 Bex Fruits having attain’d their Size and Colour, 
 "and arriv’d to their Maturity, it behoves us to. 
 improve .thofe rich Prefents which Nature and our 
 skilful Culture. treat us with, Re PO 
 Care muft be had to gather Frwits, and make ufe of 
 them when they: are entirely ripe, left they be in 
 danger of perifhing , fome thro’ Rottennefs, which — 
 happens with molt Apples; others by growing mealy, — 
 as in Peaches; fome by growing foft firft, as many 
 Pears do, efpecially thofe which grow tender, as the 
 SOG others by growing dry, as the Alusk Pear, 
 rag a z : ‘aaa 
 Care muft likewife be had to know rightly when 
 they are at Maturity; for fome are about a Week 
 good, and;no mote, as the Rouffelets or Ruffetins; others — 
 not above a day or two, as Figs, Cherrigs, and moft . 
 Peaches, &c. and fome have a much longertime, a 
 Apples, 
 
‘a : 
 
 i 
 é 
 iy 
 
 , 
 ' 
 
 - 
 
 j Vol. If. The Compleat Gardner, 147 
 
 pele Bon-Chretien Pears, &c. a Month or fix 
 eeks, ormore ; which is explain’d more at large in 
 the third Part, where you have the time of Ripening 
 fet down in every particular fort of Frat. 
 
 — As all Stone Fruits, fome Summer Pears, .and all 
 Red Frwits, are in perfection from the time they are ga- 
 therd; it follows that none of them-fhould be ga- 
 ther’d until they are at full Maturity, by reafon that 
 how little time foever their Maturity may laft, they 
 prelerve themfelves much better and longer upon the 
 Stock, than they would do being gather’d. 
 
 
 
 Cy EL ae CLV. 
 
 How to judge of the Maturity and Geod- 
 nefs of Fruit. 
 
 HERE are three Senfes which have the Gift 
 of judging of the appearances of Maturity of 
 Fruits, viz. Sight, Feeling for the moft part, and 
 Smelling forfome, but the Taft is the only real judge, 
 as well of the Maturity as of the Goodnefs ; tho’ it’s 
 fufficiently known there are fome2 Frvits which are 
 
 neither good nor agreeable to the Palate, tho’ atta- 
 
 | 
 
 
 
 ally ripe. ( 
 
 The Eye alone is fufficient to judge all Red Frits, 
 as Grapes, Cherries, Strawberries, &c. when they are 
 all over painted with that fine lively black or red Co- 
 
 Jour which are natural to them, wnich thew them to 
 
 be full tipe; or otherwife when .one part of them 
 wants it, or appears green, it {hews them not to be 
 at full Maturity: Feeling may ferve very well for all 
 
 tender mellow Pears. ; 
 Sometimes both Feeling and Sight will be requifite, _ 
 as for Figs, Plums, Apricots, and Peaches; but it is 
 not a fair Colour that always denotes their Maturity ; 
 but when they are gently prefS'd, and come off with 
 M 2 eafe 
 
 
 
ete see Vee MeN AE Se 8 ae ae ey eee we ey » 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 = The Compleat Gard’mr. Vol. Il. 
 _eafe and leave the Stalk fixed to the Tree, it’sa good 
 mark of their being ripe. Butas to Figs, they ought 
 to be gather’d with the Stalks on them, for it adds to 
 the beauty of their Figure; asalfo for Cherries, Pears, 
 and App/es to be gather’d with theirStalks on, for it’s - 
 an agreeable Ornament to them, and their being with- 
 out it would bea defect. . Pes 
 As Sight and Feeling denote the Maturity of the 
 aforefaid Fruits, fo imelling with Sight may be ad- 
 mitted to others, as Me//ons, tor after their Colour, 
 Stalk, and beautifu! Figure being approv’d, it will be 
 very proper to {mell to them before they are cut, to 
 judge of their Maturity and Goodnefs; yet thofe that 
 have the Left Scent and Savour, are not always the 
 belt Frit. : | 
 Having thus explaimd all the outward appearances 
 of Maturity of the aforemention’d Fruits, yet the 
 Tatte muft decide the Point; for let the outward 
 Marks be never fo favourable, yet if the Frat 
 don’t pleafe the Palate, the others are render’d ufe- . 
 lefs: But, as is faid before, Frits are not all of ana- 
 ereeable Goodnefs, that which pleafes ones Pa- 
 late may difpleafe anothers. | | 
 
 
 
 CE see 
 
 Of the Caufes of the Forwardnefs or Backward- 
 ne{s of Maturity in all manner of Fruits. 
 
 YR U IT Ssipen fooner er later, Firft, Accord- 
 k ingas the Months of Apri/and May are in Warm- 
 nefS, or caufe the Trees to blofiom. 
 
 Secondly, According to what Expofition they are 
 plac’d, whether Haff, Weft, or Sourb, and particularly 
 what Climate they are planted in, 
 
 Frits that are knit betimes ate ripe the fooneft, and 
 thofe which are planted on a Southern Expofure are 
 
 | fooner 
 
] Voi. fk. The Compleat Gardner. © 149 
  foonerripé than thofe planted on Ea/? or Wef?,- or on — 
 a Dieerh or Standard, the Sun cafting a greater Ke- 
 
 Hexion upon them, than upon the others. © | 
 _ So likewife thoie plantedin alight Kath, and a 
 hot Climate, are fconer ripe than thofe planted in a 
 
 ~ heavy wet Ground, or a cold Climate. 
 ~ But fuppofing two feveral Grovnds of two different 
 Natures, v7z. one light and fandy Earth, and the o- 
 ther a heavy clayey Earth, are fo near one another 
 and the Fruits of each Ground placed to one Expofiti- 
 on equally alike, infomuch that the Reflexion of'the 
 _ Sun can make no ditterence, yet thofe planted in the 
 light foil will ripen the fooneft. So that to have 
 Fruits tipen early, isto plantthemin a favourable Ex- 
 pofure, ina hot Climate, and in a light fandy Eavib; 
 all which renders the Frwit to knit betimes, and conte- 
 
 quently will arrive to Maturity fooner. 
 
 
 
 
 
 CAA Pi; VL 
 
 Of fome particular Remarks of Maturity in eve- 
 ry kind of Fruitjand jirft of the Summer Fraits,wbich 
 ripen altogether upon the Tree. 
 
 OTH Stone and Kernel Fruit ripen fooner | 
 upon afickly Tyee, than upon a found one, and 
 are commonly larger than thofé on a vigorous Tyee, 
 but that LargnefS is only a Swelling, or a kind of 
 Dropfie, which is the reafon that the Pw/p of thofe 
 Fruits are larger than they fhould be, and is general- 
 ly infipid or bitter. Peaches that drop of the nfelves 
 are commonly paft Maturity, and confequently 
 nought. ) | 
 ~ Summer Pears, as little Mu/cars, &c. the firft 
 Mark of their Maturity appears towards the Stalk, 
 which muft be a little yellowifh; and for a greater 
 M 32 * Mark 
 
 
 
ria. 
 on 
 
 i fel ei td i ass 
 
 1g0 «The Compleat Gardner. Vol. IL | 
 Mark full Maturity, that Yellownef$ muft appear | 
 through acertain tann’d and ted Colour whichcovers | 
 
 all the Rind; and laftly, they muft begin to drop of 
 
 themfelves, atwhich time it will be ptoper to gather 
 
 and eatthem, ='°.!: - | bat ae 
 Tis not fo with {mall Peaches, or to early or late 
 
 . Purple Peaches, nor to Pavies, they being Fruits 
 
 which can hardly ever be too ripe, and, ate common- 
 ly very good when they drop; infornuch that when 
 they drop without being fhook, its a good mark of 
 their Mazurity as well as Goodnefs. 
 
 The feveral forts of Summer Pears which-ripen in 
 
 August, as Cuife Madams, Grofs Blanquets, skinle{s 
 
 Pears, the Orange Pears, Summer Box-Cretiens, Caf- 
 folets, Rebins, Rouffelers, &c. Their Maturity is known 
 
 either by their dropping, or not refifting when they 
 
 are gather’d ; or elfe by a certain yellow Colour, 
 which appears inthe Rid, efpecially near the Stalk. 
 Peaches are fitto eat when gatherd, and require no 
 
 Store-houfes at leaft to ripen them, for they never 
 ripen off the Tyee, fo that they muft not be gather’d 
 before they are perfectly ripe, but a day or two of 
 Repofe in the Store-honfe, afiords them a certain 
 Coolnefs which is very proper for them, and that 
 which they can’t acquire upon the I7ee. | 
 
 
 
 CHAP. VIL 
 
 Of ibe Scitnation that is proper for the Fruitsibat are 
 gaiherd, in order to preferve them fome time. 
 
 N order to preferve Summer Frits for two or three 
 
 A Days, (efpecially Peaches) they muftbe laid either 
 in Clofets or Sture-houfes,which muft be very dry and 
 clean, and full of Shelves, the Windows being always. 
 open, 
 
 
 

 
 a 
 
 
 
 —Z.=—)" fe? 
 
 — Vowtl. = The Compleat Gardner. sas” 
 open, unlefs it be in very cold Weather; you muft 
 lay a Finger thick of MofS upon thofe Shelves, which 
 may ferve for a quilt, taking care that the Mofs he 
 very dry, and has no ill Scent, that every Peach fo 
 _ placed, may fink into the Mofs, and lye foftly, 
 without being {queez’d by any of the others, for as 
 itis with Me//ons, fo it is with Peaches, that they 
 eat better after being gather’d a day or two, and laid 
 at a diftance from the Sun, than jutt after their be- 
 ing gather’d, at which time they are luke-warm. 
 
 They muft be vifited carefully once a day, left 
 there fhould appear any Rottennels; removing ail 
 that are in the leaft tainted, left they fhouid f{poil 
 the others; but all this muft be done with a careful 
 
 _ and skilful Hand. | | 
 Peaches ought to be piac’d with that’ part down- 
 wards which the Stalk grows upon, for fear of brui- 
 fing them; and for Figs they ought to be laid fide- 
 mys left by brufing the Eye, they lofe their belt 
 nice. | 
 Pears may be plac’d with their Eye downwards, 
 and the Sta/k {tanding upright forfear of being: broke, 
 Apples, iflaid fo carefully, may be plac’deither upon 
 the Eye or Sta/e; but they may be laid only upon 
 one another, *till fuch time as they are at Maturity, 
 after which they ought to be plac’d in fome better | 
 order; but beware of laying them upon Hay or Straw, 
 tor that gives them anill Scent. | 
 
 Thebelt way for Grapes is to hang them up inthe 
 
 Air faftened to a Pack-thread, or about a Hoop, or 
 axed to fome Beam. | 
 But if any Perfon is defirous to preferve them till 
 _ Felruary, March, or Apri/, they mult. be gather’d 
 before they are perfectly ripe, otherwife they are 
 apt to rot too foon; Care muit likewile be had once 
 in two or three Days to pick off all the rotten ones 
 carefully. 
 
 
 
 M 4 The 
 
 
 
ae 
 
 152 The Compleat Gardner.’ Vol. WL 
 
 The greateft mark of Maturity: in all manner of 
 
 Apples, commonly confifts in their being wrinkled ; 
 
 except the Apis or Ladies Apple, which never wrin- 
 kies, but is known to be at Maturity, by the green 
 Rind turning all yellow. : : 
 
 With thefe Precautions Frit may be eafily pre- 
 ferv’'d as long as it will laft, nothing will hurt it but 
 the Winter Frofts, which when it once enters them, 
 they retain no manner of GoodnefS, but immediately 
 decay. 
 
 
 
 CH APR. 
 Of the Tranfportation of Fruits. 
 
 Eaches, Figs, Strawberries, Cherrigs, Rasberries, 
 
 _ &c. in order to their Tranfportation from one 
 place to another, require Water Cartage, or the 
 Back or Arms of a Porter, for fear of jogging ; but 
 more proper on their Heads, as our Fruiterers in Exe- 
 find commonly do: But if they be Peaches, they 
 muft be laid upon that part which is fixed to the 
 Stalk, without touching one another, and be laid 
 upon a bed of Mofs or tender Leaves,. laid pretty 
 thick, and wrapt up in Vine Leaves, and fo orderd 
 that they may not move out of their places. And in 
 cafe feveral Beds be laid one upon another, a good 
 teparation of Mois muft be laid between them: Or a 
 teafonable quantity of Leaves; and the whole wrapt 
 up with Cloath well faftned, in order to keep the 
 Basket clofe and in good order. For Figs you mutt 
 have Sives not above two inchesdeep, laying a Bed of 
 Vine Leaves at the bottom, and place the Fis fide- 
 ways, wrapping them up firft afunder, one in a Leaf, 
 taking care to order them fo well, and fo neatly clofe 
 to one another, that their traniportation may not 
 
 be 
 
 
 
Ot) a) ee a ae EA 
 
 be able to remove them; and never to lay one on 
 the top of another. , we AE 
 
 _ This Bed being made, it muft be cover’d with 
 Leaves, and next witha Sheet of Paper, neatly fix’d 
 about the Sive with fmall Pack-thread,in order to 
 keep the Frit clofe. 
 
 Good Plums being laid up without any Ceremony, 
 
 may be put up in any Basker, with Leaves at the bot- 
 tom of it; the top muft be cover’d allo with Leaves, 
 and afterwards with Paper, tying it clofe up as the 
 former. 
 
 Common P/ums may be tranfported in great Bask- 
 ets, only putting Leaves at the top and bottom. 
 
 Apricots ought to have the fame care us’d about 
 them as Peaches. aE LCR . 
 Strawberries may be put into Baskets made on pur- 
 pofe for them, laying Leaves at the bottom, and 
 {tuffing Leaves round the fides, covering them with 
 a wet Linnen Cloath. | 
 
 Grapes may be carried the fame way as Peaches. 
 
 In order to tranfport our principal Frvits, if not a- 
 bove a days Journey, a large {quare Basket may be 
 made clofe of Ofer cr Willow, divided into feveral 
 Stories on the infide, in the manner of a Prefs, this 
 may open fideways like a Prefs, or on the top, and 
 then having our Sives ready pack’d up, they may be 
 put into this large Basket, placing the lowermoft Sto- 
 ry fartt, and then the uppermott. | 
 
 If this Basket is not very clofé, there ought to be 
 a Cloath, or fome fort of Covering thrown over it, 
 to keep the Frwit from Duft. 
 
 There may be a fimall Padlock fix’d to the door of 
 this Basket, with two Keys to it, the one for the Per- 
 fons to whom the Fruit is fent, and the other for him 
 that fends it, by which means the Frwit may be fent 
 fate. 
 
 Cries P. 
 
154 The (Compleat Gardner. Vol. Ul. | 
 C HAPs TX i 
 Of the Store-houfes or Confervatories for Fruits. 
 
 S the Care and Skill of our Culture has yeilded 
 
 ~& usa fufficient quantity of each kind, both of 
 Autumnand Winter Fruits, and that which is agteea- 
 ble both in Goodnefs and Beauty ; it follows, that we 
 make fome Provifion whereby to. preferve them as 
 long as each kind may continue in Maturity :,.Which 
 -may be done in obferving thefe following Conditi- 
 
 ons. ; 
 
 Firft, To eftablifh a. good Store-houfe free from 
 Frofts, which are a great knemy to Fruits. | 
 
 Secondly, That this Store-houfe muft be expos’d 
 to the South or Eaff, or at leaft to the Weft Sun, the 
 Northern Expotition being pernicious to it. ; 
 
 Thirdly, That the Wad/s of the Store-houfe fhould 
 be at leaft twenty four Inches thick, otherwife the 
 Fyof? cannot be kept out. | 
 
 Fourthly, That the Windows, befide the common 
 Quarrels, fhould have good double Paper Saches, ve- 
 ry clofe, and well ftopt, together with a double Door, 
 infomuch that the cold Air may not be able to enter | 
 in; for the leaft frofty Air that may be will certain- 
 ly caufe great Diforder; 50 that we cannot be too 
 careful in this matter. But as the Frof? is pernicious — 
 in this Store-houfe, fo likewife Frre will caufe a Dif: 
 order ; fo that there mult be a double care to keep 
 out the one without the other. 
 
 At this time it will be very requifite conftantly to 
 keep fome Water in an Earthen Veffel in our Store- 
 houfe, to give us certain notice whether or no the 
 Froft approaches us. It will likewife be of no lefs 
 ufeto us, tohavea good Weather Glafs of the feveral 
 Degrees of Heat and Cold, plac’d on the outfide of 
 the Neribern Expolute, to give us a timely Precauti- 
 
 on 
 
 
 

 
 Vol. HW. = The Compleat Gardner, 155 
 
 on of the approach of the Frof?; and when it conti-: 
 _nues for two Nights together at the fifth or fixth, 
 and even ac the feventh or eighth Degrees, tho’ the 
 firit Night may have done no harm, the fecond is 
 much to be feared, and therefore the next Day we 
 muit ufe all the caretul means we can to fecure it 
 with Quilts or Blanquets, or elfe a great deal of dry; 
 Mots to fecure our Fruits from perifhing. | 
 
 But-ifit freezes fo violent, as that we.are expos’d 
 to danger, and having a good Cellar, it will be very 
 material to remove them into it, *rill fuch times as 
 the violent Fro/ts are over. 
 
 In all fuch Cafes care muft be takento replace them 
 all in the fame order they were in before inthe Score- 
 houfe; and as foon as the Weather grows better, to 
 remove fuch as are ripe or tainted, Kottennels being 
 the worft Accident that’s to be fear‘d. 
 
 Having made a Provifion againft Cold, we muft 
 alfo preferve our Fruits from all ill Taftes, as the 
 neighbourhood of Hay, Straw, Dung, Cheese, foul 
 Linnen, eipecially that which has been us’d in the’ 
 Kircben, ail whichare very dangerous, and muft not 
 in the lealt be fuffer’d near our Store-houfe, or Con- 
 _fervatory. A certain mufty Tafte, together with 
 the Smell of Frwits that have been laid up long toge- 
 ther, is likewile very difagreeable. And theretore, 
 
 Fifthly, The Store-houfe muft not only have good 
 Overtures, a high Ceiling, the height of which, is 
 to be from ten to twelve Foot high, but the Win- 
 dows mult be often kept open, that is when there is 
 no fear of Cold, either in the Night or in the Day, 
 becaufe frefh Air from without, when it is tempe- 
 fate, is incomparable to purifie and re-eftablifh that 
 which has been long inclos’d. 
 
 — -Sixthly, That neither a Cellar nor a Garret are fit 
 to make this Confervatory; the Cellar a fort of 
 muftinefs, and moilt Heat ettufing from it, which in- 
 clines the £7 wz/ to Rottennef$; and the Garret, becaufe 
 | of 
 
156 The (Compleat Gardner. Vol. If. 
 of the Cold which eafily penetrates the Roof; and 
 therefore a Ground Room is belt, or at leaft a firft. 
 Story, accompanied with other Lodging Rooms over 
 and under it, as well as on the Sides. . 
 seve enthly, this Store-houfe requires many Shelves 
 fram’d together, in order to lodge the Frwits feparate 
 one from another, the fineft on the beft fide, and 
 baking Pears and others on the worft; the diftance of 
 thefe Shelves is to be nine or ten Inches afunder, and 
 about feventeen or eighteen Inches broad, that they 
 may hold the more, and pleafe the fight the better. 
 
 Kightly, Thefe Shelves fhould be a little {loping 
 outwardly, about an Inch in the Breadth, with an. 
 Edge upon the outfide about two Fingers hi sh, to hin- 
 der the fwzits from falling ; the Frvis being not fo 
 much in fight when the Shelves are level: And when 
 any of them are rotten, it’s not fo eafily perceiv’d, 
 arid that Kottennefs commonly communicates it felf 
 to thofe that are about it, unlefs remedied at firft. 
 
 Ninthly, That for fear of this Rottennefs, every 
 Shelf thould be vifited every other Day without fail, 
 to remove whatever may be tainted. 
 
 Tenthly, That the Shelves fhould be cover'd with 
 fomething, as dry Mofs, or fine Sand, of about an 
 Inch thick, in order to keep every Fruit {teady after 
 it’s plac’d as it fhould be, and to keep them afunder 
 for the Fraits mutt in no wife be allow’d to touch 
 each: other. 
 
 I¢s much pleafanter to fee them all in a row upon 
 their Bafis, than to lye confus’d and irregular. 
 
 Eleventhly, and lattly, That care be taken to {weep 
 our Confervatory or Store-houfe often, to fatter no 
 Cobwebs init, and to keep Iveps for Rats and Mice ; 
 and it will not be amifs to allow fome fecret entrance 
 for Cats, otherwife the Frit will be in danger of be- 
 nis et by thofe pernieious little domeftick Ani- 
 mals. | 
 
 The 
 

 
 Vol. Wl. ©The Compleat Gardner. 157 
 The Confervatory’ which is particularly defigwd 
 for Winter-fruits, is likewife very ufetul for thofe of 
 Autumn,either Pears or Grapes and for Summer-fraits, 
 either Peaches, Pavies, Brugnions, Plums, &c. thee, 
 as has been already faid, are‘niuch better a day after 
 their being gather’d, than the very day, becaufe they 
 acquire a certain Coolnef{S in the Store-houfe, which 
 is 4 great Improvement to them, which they. can ne- 
 ver have while they-are upon the Ice. ; 
 The Vert Longs, Butter Pears, Vine Pears, Meffier 
 Fobns, green Sugar Pears, &c. after thefe the Petit 
 Oins, Lanfacs, Marcbioneffes, Bergamots, and Ama- 
 dots, the Befider'y, and the thick Stalks, &c. are the 
 hrft that pafs during the Month of November. The 
 Thumb (asis already faid, for the Butter Pears, Vert 
 Loneues, green Sugar Pears, and others which have 
 begun to ripen in Odfober) denotes the time of their 
 Maturity ; as likewife the Petit Oims, Marchioneffes, 
 Rujfetins, Lanfacs, &c. they being melting Pears. A 
 whitifh Colour which torms it felf inthe Me/fer Fean, 
 a yellow Caft inthe Amadots, thick Stalks, Befideries, 
 &e. and a Moiliure upon the Rizd of the Bergamots, 
 together with a little Yellownefs which difcovers. it 
 jelf upon them, all thefe are certain Signs which in- 
 formus, without the help of the Thumb, of the Maturi- 
 ty of thofe five laft kinds of Fraits, with examining 
 and reviewing conftantly, or at leaft every other day: 
 This Reviewing muft be continued for the following 
 Months for all other Fraits,; and in Reviewing re- 
 move fuch-as begin to rot. 
 The Louife Bonne, Winter Thorns, Ambrets, Le. 
 Chafferies, St.cermains, Virgoulees, dry Martins; and 
 Spanifh Bon-Chretiens, with the Fenouillet and Autumn 
 _ Calvi! Apples,and fome Pome & Apees, and Reinettees, 
 &e. all thefé kinds of Fruit ripen at the beginning of 
 December, and a little YellownefS, together with 
 fome Wrinkles, difcovers it felf upon the fix firft, . 
 by which we may judg, in cafe they do not refiit the 
 Thumb, 
 
SS ie nike 10 OME Sits 2) 0 AOTC ROR SO Ra a ee 
 
 158 The (ompleat Gardner. Vol. If. 
 Thumb, that they are fit to eat, but. till then we 
 muf{t not. venture to meddle with them: In cutting 
 them the Knife will foonditcover their want of Ripe- 
 nefs., Thofe kinds of Pears are very fubject to foften, 
 and:thereby are certainly apt to deceive thofe who d 
 not ftrictly examin them every Day. a 
 
 Astodry Martins, Spanifh bon-Chretiens, and Por- 
 tai/s,,as {oon as ever there appears the lealt Spot of 
 Rottenneis upon them, their time iscome, and they 
 aré. {con threatned with Rottennefs, but with this 
 Advantage, that they remain a pretty while in the 
 ftate of perfect Maturity. | | 
 .. The kezouillet or Reinettee declare their Maturity 
 as foon as they become extreamly wrinkled. The 
 
 pis declare theirs when their green Colour turns to 
 yellow.. ga. 5G L Woe, | 
 
 The Ca/uills feem to become lighter, and their 
 Kernels loofen, and rattle in fhaking when they ri- 
 pen,. they become yellow without. wrinkling, which 
 -areadmirable Qualifications inthofe Kinds of Frwit. — 
 
 Such Frwits as have refifted the Thumb in Decem- 
 ber, will yeild to it in their turns in the Months of. 
 Fanuary and February, but when the Winter Thorns 
 are not able tc change their Colour a little in thofe 
 Months, they become mealy and infipid, and perifh » 
 without attaining a perfect Maturity, which is a lof§ 
 to. the curious, fince it is one of our beft Pears. 
 
 The Lowife Bonnes, and the long green Pears of Sep- 
 vember and OGober, feldom grow yellow, but they 
 wrinkle and become foft, mellow, and agreeable to 
 the Touch. eel : 
 
 Many Ambrets foften before they grow yellow, 
 efpecially upon thofe Ives grafted upon free Stocks, 
 that are too full, therefore they require Sugar to cor- 
 rect their Tafte, which is not fo good as it fhould be, 
 tho’ they be fo very full of Liquor. The large Win- 
 ter Muskets, and the Portail Pears do neither of them 
 
 yeild to the Thumb ; but the Yellowne(s of the firft, 
 and 
 

 
 
 
 Vol. HW. The Compleat Gardner. “159 
 and a few Wrinkles, or fome Rottennef$ in the fe. 
 cond, invite us to make ufe-of their’'Goodnefs what- 
 ever fr Hest.’ sail Sh at 
 
 A chief thing to be. obferv’d in ordering of the 
 Fruits in the Store-houfe or Confervatory, is to place 
 every Kind upon different Shelves, or if feveral forts 
 upon one Sheit, to diftinguifh them by Divifions of 
 Edges ; and not only fo, but to makea diftinction of 
 Frais of one Kind. As, ous 
 
 Firft, To place thofe that are fallen before their 
 Time -by themfelves, out of Sight, they feldom 
 looking well becaufe of their being much wrinkled, 
 fome more and others lef{S,; according to their’ drop- 
 ping fooner or later ; but they ripen at laft, tho” it 
 be pretty long after others of their Kind, and pretty 
 often they are incomparably good, efpecially when 
 their Fall does not exceed above a Month before the 
 time of the common gathering. shal ) 
 
 Secondly, Thofe growing upon Dwarf-Standards 
 mutft be laid apart, as well as thofe of good E/palrers, 
 or good falls. | Nice bat kid 
 
 fi he fame Method ought to be followed for the 
 Fruits ot high Standards, and the fame for the Fruits 
 of Northern Efpaliers, by reafon that regularly the 
 Fruits of good E/paliers and Walls ripen firlt, thofe 
 of vigorous Dwarfs follow them, thofe of Dwarfs 
 gtatted upon Quince Stocks precede thofe that are 
 grafted upon free Srecks, and thofé'of infirm Trees 
 precede both the one and the other, : ’ | | 
 
 “The Fruits of high Srandards fucceed’ and often’ 
 mix with thefé, and are the beft of all, excepting only ’ 
 Plums and Figs. The Fruits of the Northern Expo- 
 fiire ripen laft ofall. 
 
 “ ‘The Author here prefers the Fruit of good E/- 
 ¥ pahers and high Standards to thofe of Walls; but 
 * the Climatein Exg/and being fo much colder than 
 © that of Verfailles, the hazard will be too great 
 “fora Gentleman to depend upon any of the W2z- 
 
 Tee Cr 
 
Wrte, FES RE eet he oe ¥, 
 
 360 The (Compleat Gard’ner. Vol. Ih 
 “ ter Pears for high Standards ; notwithftanding in 
 “ a favourableYear fome Winter Pears, as the Ama- 
 “ dots and other dry Pears, eat better from a high 
 “ Standard than from aWa//. : A 
 Weater Bon-Chretiens and Colmars let all other Pears 
 afs before them, and in the mean time the others 
 egin to turn yellow and ripen, and to wrinkle a lit- 
 tle towards the Stalk. i | , 
 
 When the Bon-Chretien is perfectly ripe, the Pulp. 
 is almoft melting, and when not, it remains very: 
 {tony ; fome of them will keep till Marsh and Apri ; 
 the Bugys, St. Lesins, and Martin Secs joyn with 
 thofe; the Bugys in March and Apri/ ate very de- 
 licious, with their. tender watery. Pulp, tho’ a little 
 fowrith. The St. Lezzms with their firm Pulp, ac- — 
 companied with alittle Perfume, alfo make fome Fi- 
 sure, but it’s very diticult to. preferve them, becaufe 
 the leaft touch of Cold blackens them entirely, and 
 renders them odious to fight, as well as difagreeable ~ 
 to.the Palate... 5, Ss) eid 
 
 As for baking Pears, they are good at all times 
 
 ~ for the end they are defign’d for, particularly when 
 
 they begin to grow yellow. with this Provifo, that 
 all fuch as are tainted with Rottennefs mult be laid 
 afide, left they..fhould infect thofe that are found : 
 And thus the Franck Real, and the Carme/ite, and ef- 
 pecially the Doxble bloffomd, which are the beft of 
 thofe that are only fit to bake: The <Angober and 
 Coti/laes may chance to. acquire fome Goodnefs, be-- 
 ing feafon’d with Sugar, and the heat of the Fire; but 
 they {till retain a touch of Tartriels, which can ne- 
 ver agree with nice Palats. Po SoM Binaaall 
 Autumn Calvils and Reinets are admirable for pre- 
 {erving ; theFenouzllets are not fo good, by reafon of 
 their Se a Teg but the firft have a kind of Brisk- . 
 nefs, which gives them an incomparable Tafte. 
 
 CHAP.. 
 
 
 
ee eee oe ip i FS i | 
 leereaae se 
 
 
 
 Walls, ave when their bette are attack’d with what 
 
 aaa? eee ee eee 
 >, er ote 
 
 r 
 
 My pie 
 
 | Se CHH A. Poe 
 Of the Difeafes of Fruit-Trees. 
 Prete: are fubjeSt to certain Infirmities that 
 
 1 
 
 Itempers; Yellow Leaves out of Seafon, new Shoots 
 growing black, and dying on their Extremities in the 
 Months of Augu/t and. September ;. Fruits. remaining 
 
 Imall, or. dropping off themfelves,; which Diftem- 
 
 pers are fo many {peaking Symptoms of the Indifpo- 
 fition of the Foot, Among thefe Infirmities there are 
 fome that may be cured with the afliftance of fome 
 Remedies, and others which hitherto appear incurable, 
 fince whatever can be done to. them has {till prov’d in- 
 Gee ash bs iedn sailor Pur oteld aly: 
 - In order not to omit any thing relating to.thote Ac. 
 cidents which our T7ces are liable to without inclu- 
 ding fuch as proceed from too long Wounds of great 
 Heat, of great Cold; and Storms, . of Whirlwinds, 
 Hails Bee; b.. 
 
 In the firft Place, there are Diftempers common to . 
 
 ah Mmeatad BONEIabi sii bi fig’ ally ovine Riduk o 
 * Secondly,. There are fome that are peculiar to eve- 
 ry particular Kind. Oy ie Sr aioe wat 
 . Thecommon Diftempers confift either in a defect of 
 Vigour which makes the Tyees appear in a langufhing 
 
 Condition, or elfe they..are Storn’d by large white | 
 Worms, which are fometimes form’d in the Earth, 
 
 and there gnaw the Roots, or the Bark of the neigh- 
 bring Stem:. Thefe. mifchievous little Infetts, which 
 we call Tons; by degrees caufe fo great a diforder, 
 that the. J7ee which is attack’d by them, and had al. 
 ways appear’d vigorous before, all on a fudden dies 
 withoutiaby Remedy ers jee: feng dai yerc Quiet 
 The peculiar Diftempets in Pedr Trees againtt 
 
 ~ z 
 
 by" 
 
 we 
 
 Voi. ‘The Compleat Gardner [168 
 
 deftroy them, which we may very well term Di- 
 

 
 3 . ver en? ae oe 
 ¢ e - F m sy 
 
 ¥62 The Compleat Gardner. Vol. Il, 
 we call Tyers, Cankers, and Scabs in other Pear-Trees 
 viz. Robines, mall Mufcadines, &c. Gum on Stone Ffruit- 
 
 Trees,efpecially Peach-Trees,which commonly deftroys 
 that part on’ which it fixes, either Branch or Stem , 
 and when unfortunately it attacks that part where 
 the Free is grafted, which is often hid under: the 
 Ground, it fpreads round about that Graft, without 
 
 any bodies obferving it, for the F7ee, ftill continues 
 ina good Condition while there remains any paflage 
 for the Sap; but finally this Gum hindring the Sap 
 from rifing to the upper parts of the Free makes that — 
 Tree die fuddenly. : | ct OL STE 2X 
 Moreover fome Peuch-Trees are alfo attack’d with 
 Emets, and a fmall kind of green F/eas, which fome- 
 times faften on the young Shoots, and hinder them 
 from thriving ; fometimes on the new Leaves, and 
 caufe them firft to fhrink, next to dry and fall: We 
 have likewife North-ca/t Winds which blaft, im forme 
 Springs wither, and’ as it were burn all the new 
 Shoots, infomuch that the Trees on which this unhic- 
 ky Influence lights appears dead, while others about 
 them are green, full of fine Leaves, and continue to 
 produce fine Shoots; Befides the moft vigorous Trees 
 are fubject to have the end of their new SPoots intite- 
 ly cut off by a little black round Jnfea, calla Butrer~ 
 CHtGr. | . { 
 Fie ‘Trees dread the great Colds of the Winter, 
 which are capable of freezing thei whole Head, un- 
 lefS they. he exteamly well eoverd.-- 9 
 They are likewifG fubjeG@ in that Winter Seafon: to 
 have the lower part. of theit Srews gnawed by Rats 
 and Me/ots, or Garden Mice, which make them’ 
 pine and die. ue Brett 7» | 
 
 Thoie very Animals, tegether with Eames, Ear-— 
 
 wies, and Sxui/s, likewile fpeik the Frarts onthe Frees, — 
 when they approach to Maturity, efpeeially Peaches 
 and Plas. ~~ TREN K, PREG IO. 
 
 Goofe-berries have Hkevife their peculier Enemies, 
 
 ey which 
 
— You il. The Compleat Gardiner, 163 
 which ate a kind ef {mall green Caterpillers, which 
 form themfelves towards the Months of Alay and 
 Fune onthe back part of their Leewes, and eat them 
 to that degree, that thofe little SArubs remain alto. 
 gether bear, and theit krait being expos'’d to the 
 ert Hears gt the Sun, is deftroyed without being 
 able to ripen. re ee | x 
 Straberry-P/ants in the Prime of their Youth and — 
 Vigour, are as it were treacheroufly attack’d in their 
 rey Reots by thofe wicked Tous which deltroy 
 
 | 
 | 
 
 | 
 | 
 | 
 
 “ The Author here makes mention of the Ti//zge, 
 “ and bringing into order the feveral forts of defective 
 “ Earth, but fince he has treated of it heretofore, we 
 “ referr you to the firft Part, where he treats more 
 “ Targely upon it. i 
 _ When there is not Meu/d enough, it. muft be auc. 
 Mented cither about the Roots, removing all the ill 
 Mowit, to put better in the room of it, or elfe by - 
 laying new Moudd ovet the Surface of it. The Moudd 
 being thus amended, without-douot the ‘Trees will 
 thrive better in it, and grow more vigorous. 
 When the Diffemper is only vifible by a cettain 
  YellownefS; as for Example, Pears gtafted upon 
 Quince-focks, in certain Grounds always stow yel- 
 _ Tow, tho’ the Ground feems to be pretey good; it is 
 2 good and certain Advertifement to retnove them, 
 | te place others in their room onkree-flocks which 
 ate much more vigorous, and agree better in ah in 
 different Soil than others. . 
 When Peaches grafted unon A/mord Stocks caft tao 
 touch Gues inmoilt Grounds, others muft be planted 
 | wpon Péwu-flacks, and when they donot thrive upon 
 —«Plwn-fiecks in fandy Ground ; only firch muft be plan- 
 | ted thete as, ate on Abmond ot Peach-flacks. 
 -. Khe Tree appears over hutthen’d with Branches, 
 - feas only to thoot very {mall ones, it muft be eas‘d 
 until ir begins again to ie ee Shoots, by lowéring, 
 | + 2 th 
 
 the 
 
 
 
 
ee he ee ee Se ee eee Ty ne, ee 
 
 
 
 
 . 464. The Compleat Gard'rier, Vol. “1. 
 
 the uppermolt Branches, ot by removing part of thofe 
 
 ‘which caufe a Confufion in the middle. © 
 
 When the Diftemper proceeds ftom the Treé be- 
 
 - ing ill-condition’d before it was planted, from its ha- 
 
 ving a {cabby, poor Foor, half dead for. want, or from 
 its being too weak, ‘the'’beft way is to pull. it up, and 
 
 - tO: an a better in the room. 
 
 F the Tree, being good of it felf, has been planted 
 too deep or too fhallow, or with too many Roots, 
 the beft expedient is to take it up again, przne the 
 
 ~Roots anew, -and replant it according to the Rules of 
 
 Aft: t | | 
 
 _ And to all thefe ends it is very neceflary to keep 
 
 always fome dozens of good ‘I7ees in Baskets, toplace 
 
 few ones ready grown in the room of fuch as muft be 
 
 temovide ee Oe 
 When the Tyces are attack’d with fomeCankers;you 
 
 tuft with the point-of d@ Knife, remove the part fo 
 
 ~ tainted to the Quick, and then apply a little Cow- 
 
 ung to it, covering it with a piece of Linnen: a 
 kind of Rid will grow over it, which will coverthe 
 
 . Wound and fo that Accident willbecured. .* ~ 
 
 .- room: of the old, after havi 
 * are gnawn., ged 
 
 *, Among the incurable Diftempers, the firft is old 
 - Age; for when a Pear or a Plum Tree has ferv’d for 
 
 % 
 
 VVhen. Caterpillers annoy a T7ee,care mutt be ta- 
 ken to remove them. . aegaiv 
 When Rats gnaw the B 
 muft be laid for them. . : 
 
 When the -Diftemper is fiuppos’d to proceed from 
 
 ark, Snares and “Traps 
 
 +, Tons, the Foot of the Tree muft be uncover’d to ex- 
 
 titpate. them abfolutely, putting mew Mox/din the 
 ng fhortned the Roots that 
 
 ? 
 
 Thirty, Forty, or Fifty Yeats, we may conclude that 
 
  ithas perform’d its part, and there’s no hopes of a 
 
 Return, fo that it--muft be taken out, ‘not leaving 
 any of its Roors in the Grotnd, putting new ‘AMowlc 
 
 \ 
 
 Pea) ly Mab he age 
 
* Vol. Il. The Compleat Gardner. 165 
 . into the room of it, in orderto plant new Trees | 
 there. | ae het a tae pes. 
 Secondly, Another incurable diftemper is Tiers, 
 which ftick to the back of the Leaves-of Wall Pear °: 
 Trees, and dry them up, by fucking all the green” 
 Matter that was in them. ie fi 
 
 Thé Author has tryed many Expetiments for. the. 
 deftroying of thefe Iygers.as imploying all manner: 
 of ftrong, fower, corrofive, ftinking Lees, uz. of, 
 Rhue; Tobacco, Salt, Vinegar, &c. to walh the Leaves . 
 and Branches, as alfo Oi/; he has’ likewife {moak’d . 
 them with Brimftone, burnt old Leaves, {crap’d the 
 Back of the Branches and Stem, to which they ftick;  . >. 
 he has dayly endeavour'd to find out fome new-Ex= =: 
 pedient, and after all, never fucceeded in any of : 
 them: There ftill remains fome of the Seed of that _ 
 curfed Infect in fome part or other; and in. the - 
 Months of May and Fune this Seed is hatch’d by the _ 
 heat of the Sun, and then multiplies infinitely ; And: 
 therefore one of thefe two things mult be done, either 
 no Pears mutt be fuffer’d againft a W/Z, orina E/palier, 
 or elfe we muft refolve to fee thofe Tigers upon 
 them, contenting our felves -with burning all the 
 Leaves yearly, and with cleanfing the Tvces, as much 
 as is poflible. | 
 
 Thirdly, Gum is an incurable Diftemper, which 
 faftens to the Peach ‘Trees, and other Stone-fruits. 
 When it only appears on the Braych *tis no great 
 matter ; *tis but cutting the faid Branch twoor three In- 
 ches below the part fo diftemper’d, where this 
 Gangreen is hinder’d from extending farther, as it 
 would infallibly do, if itftuck aboutthe Bud or Graff, 
 or all over the Stem, or on moft of the Roots; and 
 then the fole expedient is to loofé no more. time. 
 about it, and confequently to remove fucha Tyee out 
 ofthe Ground in the manner aforefaid. | 
 
 A Wound fometimes proceeds from an external 
 Accident ; for Inftance, from a Wound: which has. 
 
 N 3 | been 
 
166 = The Compleat Gard’ nr. Vol. Yh. 
 been made by way of Incifion, by a Scrach ; and 
 {ometimes. from an evil inward Indifpofidion ; that 
 Gum js nothing but a {purted Sup, which is fabjett to 
 Corruption and RorrennelS, from the time ir ceafés 
 to be inclos’d in its ordinary Channels which fie be- 
 tween the Wood and the Burk; in that caie the Re- 
 medy is eafie, efpecially when it happens only on a 
 Brauch, as is already declar'd in the preceding Arti. 
 cle. When the Diftemper ates the Stem, it often 
 cures it felf by a Kuvob, or a continuation of new . 
 Bark, which extends over the Bark fo wounded. © 
 Sometimes it’s neceTary t© apply a Plaifter of Cow 
 Dang over it, coverd witha piete of Linnea until 
 the Wousd be-clos’d : When the Guu proceeds ftom 
 the inlide, i$ incurable on the Stem or Roots. 
 
 “ The Author treats much of beat Cow Dung, 2s 
 “ 9 Plaifter for all wounded Tyees ; but we have found 
 “ by Experience, that Cow or Horfes Dung mixt 
 “ with Loam made up like graffing Eerzh, and workt 
 “ up with a litle Tallow like Pafte is of a niuch bet- 
 “ ter Nature for the healing of Wounds in all man- 
 “ ner of Trees. | raR 
 
 
 
 CHAP. XI, XIl, XI, XD RY. 
 
 | HE Author in thefe five Chapters has made 
 
 a long and tedious Difcourfe, viz. of Graffs, 
 of the kinds that are in ufe, of the proper Times ~ 
 to Graff, of the manner of performing all manner of 
 Grafis, and which are the Stocks, that have natural 
 difpofition to receive fome Kinds of Frairs, and nd 
 other: All which may be reduc’d into thefe five ge- 
 neral Reads. 3 
 
 Fir, Of Graff. 
 
 Secondly, The Kinds that are in ufe, 
 < Thirdly, 
 

 
 — Vol. IL. The Compleat Gardner. 167 — 
 
 Thirdly, The proper Times to greffand inculate. 
 Fourthly, The manner of Performing all manner 
 
 of Grafs. 
 
 Fifthly, The Srecks that are proper fot each Kind 
 of Erait, 
 
 Firlt, Of Grafs. | | SA in| 
 
 “© Inoculating is one Kind of Grafing , and accor- 
 “ dingly our Author has given it the true Term, by 
 “ calhing it Grafing ; but if we fhould term it fo in 
 “ England, it would not be fo well underftood, not 
 “ being a Phrafe usd in Exgdend , and theretore ic 
 “ being perform’d at a different Seafon from the feve- 
 “* ral other Kinds of Grafiug,and that it may appear 
 “ eafie to all People, we have given it the ufual 
 “ Termination in Evgland ot Budding or Inocila- 
 
 “S ting. 
 
 ry 
 
 Thirdly, fot the proper Times to Graff; it’s im- 
 poflible to give any certain Directions for it, becaufe 
 of the variabletielS of Seafois ,; but the ufiial Times 
 we graff in, in Exg/and, is in the Month of March, 
 and fometimes at the end of February, according as 
 the Seafon-isearly or latter. But the main Rule that 
 we generally go by, ne the Afcenfion of the Sup, 
 N 4 when 
 
168 The Compleat Gardner. Vol. Il. 
 when it begins toafcend from the Roorinto the Bran- 
 thes , for the Graff being ‘apply’d’ it receives all its 
 due nourifhment of Sap from the Root in its Afcen- 
 fon. | 
 
 The proper time for Inxoculating or Budding, is 
 likewife according as the Seafon happens, it being 
 _ early or late ; but the ufual time for Stonme-Fruit, as 
 Peaches, Apr icots, and Plums that are budded on Plum- 
 Stocks, is in Fuly, and fometimes at the end of Fune, 
 efpecially if the Seafon be early, and the Ground 
 moift. As for Pears, the nfual time of Budding or In- 
 ee ‘ulating is in Auguft. 
 
 Note that Peaches that are budded upon Peach or Al. 
 mond Stocks, are commonly budded in Aueuft, or the’ 
 beginning of September, becaule the Sap continues 
 longer i in thofe Stocks than in Plvms. 
 
 Fourthly, The manner of Performing the feveral 
 Kinds of Graffs, ‘is a Work that is become fo frequent 
 in England, efpegially in thisAge, that it is altogether 
 needlefs to "explain the manner of performing the fe. 
 veral forts of Grafs ;‘fince there are few Gard’ners 
 but what are capable ‘of doing it; and alfo what cah 
 be faid may be comprehended in this: That there’ 
 muft be a great care usd to make the Graff and the 
 Stock fit clofe to each other, and that both the Rinds may 
 touch eath other as much as-is: poffible ; which is ta 
 be compafsd by a good Knife, anda fteady Hand. 
 
 Fifthly, the Stocks that are proper for each Kind 
 
 of Fruit are as follows. 
 
 For Apricots and-Phems, the feveral forts of Plum- 
 Suckers, or thofe which are raisd from the Stoned, 
 excepting the Suckers of Damfons, -* | 
 
 For Peaches, Pavies, and Brugnions, the Trees or 
 Stocks that ate rais’d from the Stones of the feveral 
 Sorts of their Kind,. together with A/mond Stocks, 
 and the Suckers of Mu/ele Plum Trees, andPear Plums, 
 VIZ, of thofe Trees thats were never reraffed. va 
 
 For 
 
 ke 
 

 
 
 
 Noell. «The € ompleat | Gardver: 1 69 | 
 
 For Penis and Medlars, Quinces, and the Trees or 
 Stocks that are rais’d from the feveral forts of Pears. 
 ' For Apples, the Trees that are raisd from the fe- 
 veral forts of Kernels of their kinds. 
 
 For Cherries, the Stocks that are raisd from the 
 common wild black Cherries. , 
 
 
 
 Goa BULL to. 
 
 Of Nurferies and Seminaries, 
 
 G) UR Nurferies, Tequires good eafie Soil, or 
 
 Ground, well till'd having at leaft two. Foot and 
 
 a half depth, the Trees muft be plac’d in Rows at 
 
 three Foot diftance, according to the largnefs of the 
 
 Trees, andata Foot and a half, or two, or three Foor 
 
 diftance one from another, according to the Propor- 
 tion of the Sizes. 
 
 “ Here the Author recommends the Suckers: of 
 
 * Wildings of Crabs and Pears out'of the Woods to. 
 
 “ graff upon; but we: find in England, that thofe 
 
 “ taisd from the Kérnels‘of each fucceed belt, becanfe 
 ys __ they are not {fo apt to run to Suckets, and ipavest 
 
 * out fo extreamly. 
 
 ‘Firft, For Pears, plant Wildinies of Pears guowin 
 from Kernels, as alfo Quince Stocks, which muft be 
 well condition’d both as to the Root and Stem. 
 
 Secondly, For Apple Tree Seminaries, plant the 
 Wildings grown from the Kernels of their Kind, or 
 rather Crabs, in the fame order as is before menti- 
 ond. ; 
 Thirdly, Fora Seminary of Plums, plant the: Sle. 
 ets of their feveral kinds, only excepting the wild 
 Damfons. 
 
 Fourthly, For good Seminaries, of Peaches plant he 
 Suckers ot St. Fulyans and black Damask, -and black 
 Se and Pear Plums ; obferving as is alt teady men- 
 
 tic ond, 
 
 
 
“———T ee ST 
 
 170 The (ompleat Gardner. Vol. 44 
 tion’d, to Plezt the Suckers of thofe kinds whic 
 were never grafted, otherwife it will be the fame as 
 to plant of any other forts of Plums, plant alfo Peach 
 
 _ and Almond Kernels, for a Seminary of them, 
 
 The reft of this Chapter is only a definition of 
 what has been already mention’d in the foregoing 
 Chapter; only for Figs and Vines they are to be plan- 
 ted in a Nurfery manner, but a greater diftance, 
 and increafed by Layers or Suckers. 
 
 
 
 CH aA P xXvVit 
 Of the different manner of Lattices usd to Pallifade. 
 
 UR Gardenx Walls ought to be plafter’d, to 
 O {top all the holes againft Rats, Snails, Ear- 
 wigs, and other Vermine, which deftroy the beft 
 of the Fruit; which being done, you may bend or 
 pallifede the Brantbes to form. the Figure of the Tree 
 as you pleafe, by tacking them with fhreds of Sheep 
 Skin, or Shammy, or Lifts of Cloath, lefs than. half’ 
 a Finger’s Breadth, and.a Finger long: This fort of 
 pallifading is- very agreeable, butvery tedious; thefe 
 Shreds may laft a Year or two, but the only Oojecti- 
 on againft them is, that fometimes Earwigs {hielter in 
 them in the day time, and come out at night to 
 injure the I7vees, and therefore fome not liking 
 thefe Shreds do fix Spikes fiom {pace to fface 
 into the Walls tticking out about two Inches to 
 faften Laths or Poles to them, others make a 
 Lattice of Poles fupported by Horfe Bones or thofe 
 
 _ of Oxen, fixt into the Wall, to which they faft- 
 
 en the Branches of their Ivees ; others fix abun- 
 dance of Sheeps Bones into the Walls, at a {mall 
 
  diftance in a ftraight Line, binding every Branch 
 
 of the Tree to one of thefe Bones: Some make ee 
 6 
 
 
 
 
ait Tien oe a) 
 SA ACNE 3) oe PAY 
 ¥ I 
 V ol. J ° 
 
 
 
 
 
 “The Compleat Gardner. 178 
 of Laths nail’d chequer-wife, every {pace being — 
 about twelve Inches, thefe they fix tothe Walls with 
 Nails or Hooks, and is a very pretty good Expe- 
 
 — dient, but never looks gentile nor handiom. 
 
 Some for Cheapnels ute BrafS or Iron Wire firp- 
 ported by Hat headed Nails; others have been content 
 Oily with ftraight Lines of Wire, either long-wité or 
 crofs-wife: Thefe two laft, tho’ neat, are not good, 
 being too weak and apt to gaul the tender Branches, 
 and thereby occafions Gum, to the ruin of the Trees. 
 
 After all, the moft convenient and moft noble isa 
 Lattice of quarter’d Wood, or Heart of Oak, every 
 Pole being about an Inch fquate, and five from Knots, 
 and well plain’d. | 
 
 You muft have Iron Hooks of about a quarter of 
 an Inch thick, and half a Foot Jong befides the end 
 which turns {treight up about an Inch and an half 
 the end which muft be driven into the Wall mutt 
 be forked to hold the fafter in the Wall, into whick 
 # mutt enter four Inches deep ; two Inches on the 
 outfide will fuffice; they muft be plac’d at three Foot 
 diftance chequer-wife, beginning the firft Row with- 
 in a Foot of the Ground, continuing it to the Top of 
 the Wall, the Hooks muft be ina ftraight Line and 
 Parallel to one another; the Poles may be of what 
 length you: pleafe, according to the height of the 
 Walls, thofe that ftand upright fhould be all of one 
 piece if you can, if not you may joyn two or three 
 neatly, tying them very clofe with a Wire. 
 
 Take the fhraiphtelt and weakeft to ferve in a 
 ftraight Line placing the but-end downwards, the 
 itrongeft muft be imploy’d a-crofs to fupport the 
 Work. 
 
 The fquares muft be about feven or eight Inches, 
 they do not well of ten or twelve, and five or fix 
 are too little for E/pa/lers, they may alfo be us’d for 
 a fort of Arburs that are now in fafhion;, theSquare 
 muft be exattly meaturd, leaving an Inch sai te 
 
 the 
 
 
 
azz The (Compleat Gardner. Vol. II. 
 the Walland the Laeas: When they are furnith’d, you 
 may firft paint them white, and afterwards with a 
 grafs green. \ ree tic 
 
 Thefe Lettices are fometimes made for Counter E/- 
 palliers ox Pole nee about five or fix Foot high, 
 according as you pleafe.. } 
 
 Jn order to its. being folid, it’s neceflary to drive 
 
 Oaken Spikes into the Ground at five or fix Foot dif 
 tance one from another, about four Inches fquare, 
 driving them about.a Foot into the Ground, the up- 
 
 per end being pointed to: laft the longer, for if it 
 
 were {quare the Rains would rot it the fooner; the 
 
 Checquers muft be like thofe of E/palliers, only with 
 
 this difference, that in Po/e-Hedges the Poles or Laths 
 
 muft be fixed with Nails into the Body of the Spikes, 
 
 which muft be notch’d in order thereunto. 
 
 This Method of Pallifading has feldom or never 
 been us’d in Emgland, but it may be very proper for 
 old Brick Walls, where the Joynts ate at fuch a dif: 
 tance, that the I7ees cannot well be nail’d to them, 
 or likewife for Stone Walls, where the Stones are fo, - 
 thick that they cannot be nail’d to any advantage for 
 the good of the Ivee. But more efpecially for Mud 
 lVal/s that are made of Earth an Hay, fuch as are us’d. 
 in fome parts of the Weft of England, and other 
 Parts where Bricks are not plenty; becaufe the Tvees 
 cannot fo well be nail’d to fuch Wa//s,. without fome- 
 thing of a Lattrce or Pa/hfade in thismanner, =~ 
 
 ee es ee A) es ee eee eee, A ey 
 . oe » io te) r 
 
 
 
 \ 
 

 
 Voli I. The Compleat Gardner. 173 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 FRUIT-GARDENS, 
 
 Kitchen-Gardens. 
 
 
 
 t 
 Se 
 
 
 
 VOL. W PART Vi 
 
 
 
 Of the Culture of the Kitchen-Garden. ~~ 
 
 WY being neceffary for a Gentleman’s Gara’ner to 
 [estar with equal Skill, .all the parts of Cu/rure 
 belonging tothe Kitchen-Garden, thatio he alone may 
 beinacondition of furnifhing his Mafter with all the 
 Varieties which a good Kichen-Garden, can produce; 
 without wanting at leaft any of thofe Productions 
 
 that’ aré of moft importance. © | ee ae 
 ~ To which end, Tf purpofe: here to follow: exaétly 
 the Model and Platform I have already explain’d at 
 the beginning of thefe Treatifes of Gerd’ning s in 
 
 Conformity to which, I fhall ferdown,.- 2: 
 
 ~~ Firft, “Every: thing; general fpeaking, that» fhould 
 be in all forts of good‘and well furnifh’d Kitchen-Gar- 
 dens to which I fhall add a Defeription of the ava 
 and 
 
Ce ea ee 
 
 174 ‘The (Compleat Gardner. Vol, Th 
 and other things which ferve for the Produ€tion and 
 Multiplication of every particular Péazt. 
 
 Secondly, Ffhal! fpecifie not only all things that 
 may be gather’d out of Kitchen-Garden every: Wile 
 of the Year, but alfdSwhat Work Gurd’ners are to 
 do in every one of thofe Months. 6 OR 
 
 Thirdly, 1 will explain what fort of Ertb ar Soi/, 
 and what fort of Ca/tuvre is moft proper for each fort 
 of Plants to make them excellent ; and becaufe fome 
 of them are fown to remain always in the fame place, 
 and fome only to be tran{plant elfewhere, and fome 
 again are propagated without Seeds, I will give Di- 
 rections -at_the {ame time how to order all of them, 
 _ as well in refpect to the Seafons in which they are to 
 
 be fown or planred, asthe manner’ of their Propaga- 
 tion. | 
 
 Fourthly, I will fhew you how long each fort 
 may profitably oceupy its place ; and which of them 
 muft be laid up for Winter Provifions ; and which 
 _may, by the help of Induftry, be produced in {pight 
 of the Frofts. : | 
 
 
 
 GC Hel foe 
 
 What Thines fhondd be planted ix anyKitchen Garden, 
 of a reafonable Extent, to vender it compleatly 
 
 LE. the World is agreed, that there ane few 
 f~ Days in the whole Xeas,in which we can well 
 be without the afhttance of the Krzebex-Gaerden. 
 ‘That you may therefore have at one view,she knov- 
 ledge of what compotes this agreeable afiitance, 
 that may be draven out'of the Kiebes,Gardew; Uthall 
 here prefent you with 2 kind of am Alphabetical In- 
 vemtory of ail things which fuchs Gerder fhould and 
 may furni(h us with, thtoughout sales cb a: i 
 
= > | “ay” ee en ee eT ee, ee |) ee en ee, eee 
 
 — Vol.I = The Compleat Gardner, = 175 
 
 
 
 CHAP. UL, IM, andlV.. 
 
 Concerning a defcription of ihe Seeds, end other 
 things wlich contribute to the Preduétion and 
 Multiplication of every fort of Plant. Together. 
 with what fort of Culture is molt proper for eve- 
 
 my fort of Plant. 
 
 LLELU LEA, or Wood, or French Sorrelisa 
 \ fore of Trefor/, that is multiplied only by Run« 
 ners or Slips which fprout from the Foot of it, as. 
 do Violets and Dazfies, &c Jt bears a white Flower, 
 bueno Seed: When it grows old, it grows into 
 Fufts and being a Plant that grows in the Woods, 
 and confequently that loves the Shade, we therefore 
 te it along the fides of Northern Walls,at the di- 
 tance of about one Foot afunder: The more we flip 
 it of its Leaves, which is one good quality it has, 
 _ the more frefh ones it, fhoots out. It is enough to 
 {et it two Inches in the Ground. It lafts three or 
 four Years withour being renew’d ;, and to renew it, 
 we beed done more than te feparate or flip out the 
 great Ents of ir inte feveral little ones, and replanr 
 them immediately; which is to be donein the Months 
 ot March and Apri’: A little Watering in very hot 
 Weather, and: eipecially in fandy Ground, is a very 
 veekcome Help: to them. 
 
 Ams is propagated only by Seed, which is pretty 
 frmall and ef a yellowifh green, and is of a longifh 
 oval Figure ftrip’d, which oval is bunch’d on ose 
 
 fides itis much like Fene/-Seed, it is commonly 
 fewn pretty thin, either in Furrows or Borders ; 
 theis Leaves: are ufed in. Sa//ads among other Furni- 
 tures; they run to feed towards the Month of Auguft , 
 aimk when, their Stalks, are cur down, they fhoot out 
 nese Leaves. the: next. Year, and are as good as the, 
 fink; buc however it is beft to renew them. every: 
 -byvo: Fears. | Arrach, 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 176 = The Compleat Gardner. Vol. If 
 .. Arrach, Orrach, or Orage, is propagated only by 
 Seed and is one of the quickeft, both in coming up, 
 and running to Seed ; which latter it does at the be- - 
 ginning of Fane : It is fown pretty thin; and to have 
 good Seed.of it, we muft tranfplant fome of it ina 
 feparate place: The Leaves of this P/amt are very 
 good both in. Pottage and in Stuffings ; weufeiral- 
 moft as foon as it peeps out of the Ground, for it 
 pafles away, very quickly; and to have fome the more 
 early, we fowa little quantity on a, Hot-bed. It 
 thrives well enough in all forts of Ground; but yet 
 it grows more fair ingood Ground. 
 Artichoaks are commonly multiplied only by Oez//- 
 tons or little Eyes, or Off-fets, or S/ips, which are a 
 fort of Kernel which grows.about the Foot of the 
 Plant, that i8 in that part which feparates the Root 
 trom the Eye or Bud, out of which the Stem grows 
 that produces the. Artichoaks thefe, little: Eyes, or 
 Of-/ets, begin commonly to breed: at thé end of Aw- 
 tumn, ot in Winter when it is mild; and fhoot forth 
 Leaves in the Spring, that’ is’at the end of March, 
 or the beginning-of Apri, dt which time wefearch 
 about the Foot of-the Avtichoak, and feparate orflip 
 off the Suckers or Off-/lips, in Frenchcalled little Eyes, 
 and that is called ipping or dif-eying. 'Thele Off-/ets. 
 to be good fhould be white about the Heel, and have 
 fome little Roots; thofe that are black about theHeel 
 are old, and produce but very little Aztichoaksin the 
 Spring ; whereas others produce according. to: the 
 Gardner's Intention, in Augu/t, September, ox Offo- 
 ver. ad NOLL: SW Cae Sagas 
 Sometimes Avtichoaks are multiplied by the Seed, 
 which grows in the Artichoak bottom when they:are 
 fuffer’d to grow old; to flower, and to open; and 
 laftly to dry, about Mid/ummer. © 00s oh ous | 
 When we tie them up in Autumn, wewrapand co- 
 ver them up at their whole length with Straw-or old: 
 Dung, and fo whitey the Cottony fides of .théir 
 

 
 Vol. I. = The Compleat Gard’ners 197 
 Leaves, to make Artichoak Chards of : For thePlanting 
 of them, we commonly make little Trenches, or Pits, 
 _ about halfa Foot deep, audthree Foot diftance, fl- 
 - led with Mould, placing two Rows of them regular. 
 ly by a Line in each Bed, which is to be fall tour 
 Foot broad; and parted from next Bed by a Path 
 full one Foot broad; thefe Trenches or Pits are to be 
 made about half a Foot trom the edge of the Bed, and 
 Chequer-ways one towards the other; we place two 
 Sips in a right Line in each {pace, containing be- 
 tween nine and ten Inches in length, and renew them 
 once every three Years at leaft: Cut off their 
 
 Leaves at the Beginning of Winter, and cover them 
 with long dry Dung during all the very cold Wea- 
 ther, till the end of March, when we muit uncover 
 them, and flip them, if their S/ps be yet big enough, 
 or elfe ftay three Weeks or a Monthlonger, till they 
 _ be; thenwe mutftlabour, and move the Furth well a- 
 bout them, and dung them with the rotteneft of that 
 - Dung that ferved them for a Covering; waterthem 
 _ moderately once or twicea Week, till the end of May, 
 
 at which time their Fruit begins to appear; and from 
 that time we muit water them plentifully, that is, 
 two or three times a Week, during the whole Sum. 
 mer, allowing halfa Pitcher of Water.to each Par, 
 and elpecially in Ground naturally dry. Thofe planted 
 in the Spring, fhall bring their Fruit to Perfeftion in 
 the Autumn following, if well waterd; and they 
 which do not, ought to yeild their firft Frw:t in the 
 
 Spring following in cafe they beftrong enough tore- 
 fift the fharpnefs of the Winter. Artichoaks have not 
 only the hard Weather, and excef$ of Wet to fear, 
 but they have the Field-Mice likewife for their Ene. 
 mies, thofe mifchievous little Animals gnawing theit 
 Roots in the Winter-time, when they find no. 
 thing better in the Gardens ; and for that reafon it’s 
 good to plant one Rank of Beet-Chard between two 
 kows of Artichoaks, that the Field-Mice finding the 
 
 O Roots 
 
178 = The Compleat Gardner, Vol, Il. 
 Roots of thefe laft, the tenderer of the two, may fall 
 upon them inftead of the others, as they never fail to 
 do. There arethree forts of Artichoaks, viz. thegreen, 
 or otherwife white ones, which are the moft early ; 
 the violet ones, whofe Fruit is almoft of a Pyramidal 
 figure,’ and the #ed ones, which are round and flat 
 like the white ones; the two laft forts are the moft 
 delicious. ! ee ‘ 
 ASPARAGUS are fown at the beginning of the 
 Spring, like otherSeeds; that is, they are fown on fome 
 Bed well prepared ; they muft befown indifferent thin ; 
 fometimes thefe Seeds are fown in the Shell as they 
 etow, that is, four or fix Seeds in a Shell, but the 
 beft way is to break them, and beat the Seed out of 
 them; the time of fowing them is about the latter 
 end of March, about a Yeat after, if they are big 
 enough, as they will be if the Ground be good, and 
 well prepared, or ifnot, at leaft at two Years end, 
 we muft tranfplant them, which is to be done at the 
 end of March, and all the Month of Apri/; and to 
 this purpofe we muft have Beds between three and 
 four Foot broad, and feperate one from the other : 
 If it be in ordinary Ground, we dig thefe Beds hol- 
 low with a Spade, throwing up the Earth that is ta: 
 ken out of them upon thePath-ways; and as toftrong, 
 heavy and moift Grounds, I would have them thus 
 orderd,; thatis to fay, [would have the Beds in them 
 notatall laid hollow, but on the contrary raifed and 
 kept higher than the Path-way, too much wet being 
 mortal to thefé Plants. A/paragus being thus fown, 
 {hoot out Tufts of Roots round about their Eye, or 
 Motber-Root,that isto fay,round the placeftom whence 
 all their Shoots ate to {pring ; which Roots Ipread 
 between twoEarths ; and in order to tranfplant them 
 either into a hollow Bed, or a high-raifed Bed, we 
 beftow a good thorough Tillage on the bottom of 
 the ‘Ivench, and if the Ground be not very good, we 
 dung it alittle, and afterwards we plant two or three ' 
 | Stocks 
 

 
 es 
 
 Vol. Ml. The Compleat Gardner: 179 
 
 Stocks of thefe young P/ants,orderly in Ranks, upon 
 
 the fuperficies of the Beds prepared for them,with- 
 
 - out needing to trim the extremity of their Roofs, of 
 at leaft but a very little ; and if our Intention be 
 
 to force this A/paragus by an artificial Heat, when 
 they are grown big enough,we place them at a foot 
 diftance one‘from another; and if they be to remain 
 to grow after the ufual manner,weallow them a foot 
 and a half diftance but in both cafes we place them. 
 checker-wife, and when they are fo placed, we co. 
 verthem up again with two or three Inches deep of 
 Earth : \fany of them fail to {pring up, we may re- 
 new them two or three Months after; which is to be 
 
 - doneinthe fame manner as we planted the others,on- 
 
 ly taking care to water the new-planted ones,during 
 the great Heat,and to keep them alwayswell weeded 
 and well dung’d about; or elfe we mark out with lit- 
 tle Sticks the empty places, and itay till the Spring 
 before we fill them up again. | 
 _. Every Year we cover the Bed with a little Earth ta- 
 ken off from the Path-way, becaufe inftead of finking, 
 they always are rifing by little and little; we dung 
 them moderately every two yearsjand let them {hoot 
 up three or four Years without gathering any, *cill 
 we fee them begin to grow pretty thick, and then 
 we may forceds many as we pleafe of them; or if 
 not, we continue to gather of them every Year a 
 Crop, for fifteen Years, before we need to renew 
 them. i) 
 Every Year,about Mart/emas,we cut down all their 
 Stems, every Stock producing feveral Stems, and take 
 the faireft of them for Seed; if we would have them 
 come to bear,we muft ufe an Iron Fork todraw them 
 out of the Nurfery-Beds,the Spade being dangerous 
 for that work, bécaufe.it would cut and hurt thofe 
 little Plants. . | aes | 
 We mutt not fail every Year, at the latter end of 
 March,or beginning of Aprz/, that is,betore the A/pa- 
 O 2 rags 
 
180 The Compleat Gardiner. Vol. Il. 
 regus begin to fprout naturally, to beftow a fmall 
 dreffing or ftirring of the Ground about three or four 
 Inches deep on every Bed, taking care not to let the 
 Spade go fo deep, as to hurt the Plants , which 
 {mall Drefling ferves both to kill the Weeds, and to 
 render the fuperficies of the Earth loofe,and thereby 
 not only the better to difpofe it to drink up the 
 Rain, and the May-Dew that nourifhes the Stocks, 
 but likewife to facilitate the Paflage of the Afpara- 
 gus in {prouting. 
 
 The particular and moft dreadful Enemies of A/pa- 
 ragus area fort of Fleas that faften upon their Shoots, 
 and make them mifcarry, and hinder them from thri- 
 ving ; they are moft troublefom in very hot and dry 
 Weather: There has been no Remedy found yet a- 
 eainft this mifchief. 
 
 B 
 
 BALM, called in French Me/effe, is an odorife- 
 rous Herb, whofe Leaf, when tender, makes a part 
 of Sa//ad-Furnitures ; it is multiplied both by Seed 
 and rooted Branches, like Lavender, Thyme, Hy/- 
 fop, Xe: | 
 
 BASIL, or Bafilick, as well the great fort as the 
 fmall, ismultiplied by Seed, which is of a blackifh 
 Cinnamon Colour, very fmall, and a little oval, it’s 
 propagated only by Seed; it isannual, and very deli- 
 cate, we feldom fow it but upon Hot-beds, and not 
 in open Ground, as wedo Purflain, Letruce,&c. We 
 begin to fow fome in that manner, at the beginning 
 of February.and wecontinue fo to dothe whole year; 
 its tender Leaves are usd in a {mall quantity, with 
 the Furnitures of Sa//ads, among which they make an 
 agreeable Perfume ; it is likewife ufed in Ragows, 
 efpecially dry ones, for which reafon we take care: 
 to keep {ome for Winter. Wegatherits Seed in the 
 Month of Augw/t,and ufually te make it run toSeed, 
 
 | we 
 

 
 Voi. fl. The Compleat Gardner, 181 
 
 we ttanfplant it in the Month of May, either in Pors 
 or Beds ; there are feveral forts of it, but that which 
 bears the biggeft Leaves, and efpecially if they en- 
 cline to a Violet Colour, and that which bears the 
 leait Leaves of the two is the moft curious ; that 
 which bears middling ones being the ordinary or 
 common fort. 
 
 The Common BAYS, is a Shrub of no very great 
 ufe in our Gardens and therefore it is enough to 
 have fome fewPlants of itin fome well fhelter’d place 
 to gather fome Leaves of them when occafion re- 
 
 wires. : 
 
 BEANS, as well the common, and Garden-Beans, 
 as thofe called Kzdney-Beans, and French-Beans, and 
 in French, Aricos, are {own in open Ground, and 
 _ gtow not otherwife ; the Arico, French, or Kidney- 
 _ Beans, axe fown the latter end of Apri/, and all the 
 - Month of May, and are very fenfible of the Frofts ; 
 the common Garden-Beans are fown at the fame 
 time with Ha/tings Peafe ; both in November and 
 February. 7 . 
  BEEI-RAVES, or Beet-Radifhes, that is Red Beers, 
 - produce Roots for Sa//ads, and are multiplied only by 
 Seed,which are about the bignefS of a middling Pez, 
 and round, but all rough in their roundnefS ; they 
 are yellowifh, and folike thofe of the white Beet, that 
 they are hardly to be diftinguifhed one from the o- 
 ther; fo that People are often miftaken, thinking 
 they have fown ved ones for Roots, and fee nothing 
 comeup but white Beets! they are fown inthe Month 
 of March, either in Beds or Borders. They muit be 
 fown very thin, or at leaftif they come up too thick, 
 they muft be very much thin’d, or elfe they will nor 
 srow fo fair and folarge asthey fhould be. They re- 
 quire a very good and well-prepar'd Ground ; they: 
 are the beft. that have the reddifh fubftance and the 
 reddeft tops, they are not good to {pend till to- 
 ward the latter end of Avram, and all the Winter. 
 
 3 . Seaton 
 
182  ThelCompleat Gardner. Vol. EE. 
 Seafon: To have Seed of them, we tranfplant in 
 March fome of the laft Years Roots that we have pre- 
 ferved from Froft;, their Seed is gathered in the 
 Months of Auguft and September. sei 
 - BEET-WHITE,called Poree or Poiree,arealfo pro- 
 pagated for Chards by Seed only, whichis like that of 
 the red Beets, but that *tis of a duller Colour, they. 
 are replanted to produce Chards. Vide Chards.. 
 
 BONNE Dame, or good Lady, is multiplied only. 
 by Seed, which is extreamly flat and thin, round and 
 reddith. 3 i tit 2b 
 _ BORAGEis propagated only bySeed,whichis black 
 and of along, bunchy, oval figure, having commonly 
 a little white end toward the Bafe or Bottom,which, 
 is quite feparated from the reft; the length is all en- 
 graven as it were with black Streaks, from one end 
 to the other. It grows like, and is to be ordered in 
 the fame manner as Arach, only it comes not up fo. 
 vigoroufly: We fow feveral times in the Summer, be- 
 caufe the Leaves, in which confifts all its Excellence, 
 are good only while they are tender, that is, while’ 
 they are young; the Flowers ferve toadorn Sallads ; 
 the Szed falls as foon as ripe, and therefore muft be 
 carefully watched; the fureft way is to cut down 
 the Sra/Ks, and lay them a drying in the Sun,as foon 
 as ever they begin. to ripen, and by that means we 
 fhall lofe but very few. » Beene “wrakanphseeesyocoe 
 
 BUGLOSS is likewife multiplied only by Seed, - 
 and is fo like that of Borage, that they cannot be 
 known afunder ; and are likewife to be ordered af- 
 ter the fame mantier.* "=. Se 
 ~ BUCKS-HORN Sallad is multiplied only by Seed, 
 which is one of the leaft we have; it is longifh, of 
 a very dark Cinamon Colour,and grows in a Husk 
 like Rats Tail. Vide Harts-Horn Sallad. | 
 
 BURNET 's propagated only bySeed,which is pret 
 ty big, and a little oval, with four fides,and is all over 
 
 engraven, as it were,in the fpaces between pee four’ 
 nae: Os ne Oe es ee 
 

 
 Vol, If. The Compleat Gardner. “183 | 
 
 Sides ; *tisa very common and ordinary Sallad-fur- 
 _ niture, which is feldom fown but in the Spring, and 
 is fown thick either in Beds or Borders ; it often 
 - Cprings afrefh after cutting, of which the youngeft 
 _ Shoots muft be chofen for Sallads, the Leaves that are 
 any thing old being too tough; itdoes it a great deal 
 _ of good to water itin Summer: There is but one fort of 
 it, whofe Seed is gathered at the end of Summer. 
 
 e 
 
 __ CABBAGES, called in French, Choux, and compre- 
 _ hending bothCabbage, Coleworts, andColly-fowers of all 
 _ Kinds, of what nature foever they be, are multiplied 
 only by Seed, whichis about the bignefS of an ordinary 
 Pin, or of Birding Powder, and is reddifh, inclining 
 to a brown cinnamon colour. 3 
 CABBAGES,of all forts of Kitchin-plants,takeroot: 
 again the eafilieft whentranfplanred, as they are like- 
 wife the moft known, and moft wfed of any in our Gar- 
 dens; they are multiplied bySced,andare of feveral forts, 
 and Seafons ; there are fome called White Headed _ 
 Cabbages,which are for the latter end of Summer, and. 
 for Autumn there are fome curled, called Pancaliers, 
 or Millan Cabbages, which produce fmall-headed Cab- 
 bages, for Winter’; there are fome of a red or violet — . 
 Colour; and fome called /one-/rded Cabbages, whereof 
 fome are bright or white, and very delicate, ripe in 
 vintage-time; and others green, and are not very 
 good till they are froft-bitten : Laftly, There are fome. 
 call’dCol/y-flowers,which are the moit noble and valua- 
 ble ofthem all,and are not ufed inPottage,but in choice 
 Intermeiles ; they cannot endure the Froft, and there- 
 fore as foon as they begin to form their Heads, they 
 muft be covered, with their Leaves ty’d up for that 
 end over them with Scraw-bands, to guard them from. 
 the infults of theCold, that {poils and rots them; they 
 are for our Winter {pendirg, and muff be fheltered in. 
 | Gear. the: 
 
Ah 84 The Compleat Gard'ner. Vol. I 
 
 the Green-Houfe or Confervatory, whither they muft — 
 
 be carried and planted with a Turf of their old — 
 
 Earth about them, where they are commonly ufed to 
 
 perfe&t the full growth of their heads: All other © 
 
 Cabbages yeild Seed in France, but only thefe, whofe — 
 
 Seed weare fain to have brought up from the Eaftern 
 Countries, which makes them ordinarily very dear. 
 
 To make Cabbiges run to Seed, we ufe every Year, © 
 
 either in Autumn or Spring, to tranfplant fome of the 
 
 beft and faireft of them, which run to Seed in the © 
 Months of May and Fune, and is gathered Fuly or 
 
 Auguft. 
 ~ CAPUCIN Capers. See Nafturces. BOs 
 
 CAPUCIN CAPERS, or Nafturces, are annual 
 Plants,which are ufuially fownin hot Bedsin theMonth 
 of Merch, and tranfplanted again in the naked Earth 
 along by fome Wal/s, or at the foot of fome Trees, 
 where their mounting Sta/ks, which are but weak and 
 grow pretty high, may take fome hold to fupport 
 themfelves: They are alfo planted in Pots, and Boxes, 
 in which fome Sticks are fet up to fupport their 
 Statks ,; their Buttons or round Buds befote they open 
 are good to pickle in Vineger ; their Flower is pretty 
 large, of an Orange Colour, and very agreeable: They 
 muit be carefully watered in the Summer, to make 
 them fhoot vigoroufly. Their Seed falls to the Earrh 
 as foon as ever it is ripe, as well as that of Borage 
 os Buglofs, and therefore muft be carefully gather- 
 ed up. 
 
 CAPRONS. See Straberries. 
 
 CARDONS Spanifh, are propagated only by Seed, 
 which is longifh, oval, and about the bignefs of a 
 fair Wheat-Corn ; it is of a greenifh, or Olive Co- 
 Jour, mark’d with black Streaks from one end to the 
 other, and is fown from the middle of Aprz/, to the 
 end. 
 
 They grow naturally from Seed, and are fown 
 at two feveral times; the firft is commonly about 
 : iG sp a 
 

 
 woe, 
 
 - 
 
 ceive the Winter approach, and then we take them | 
 
 Vol. Wl. The Compleat Gard’ner. 185 
 the middle or latter end of Apvz/ ;, and the fecond a- 
 bout the latter end of Afay. They muft be fown in 
 good and well-prepared Ground, and in little Trench- 
 es, or Pits, a full Foot wide, and about fix Inches 
 deep, fill’d with Mo/d ,; we make Beds of four or five 
 Foot wide, in order to place in them two ranks of 
 thofe little Trenches, or Pits, chequer-wife ; we put 
 five or fix Seeds in every hole, with intention to let 
 but two or three of them to grow ; if they all come 
 up, taking away all thofe that are over and above 
 that number, either to throw away, or to new ftock 
 thofe places, where perhaps are none come up, or 
 where perhaps we may have fown but fome few upon 
 a bot-Bed for that intention; and if in fifteen or twen- 
 ty Days we do not fee the Seed come up, we fhould 
 uncover them, to fee whether they be rotton, or he- 
 gin to fprout, that fo we may fill up their places 
 with new ones, in cafe of need. The Seeds of the firlt 
 Sowing are generally three Weeks coming up; and 
 thofe of the fecond fitteen Days: Cardons muft not 
 be fown before the middle of Apri/, for fear they 
 fhould grow too big, and run to Seed in Augu/? and 
 September, and then they are not good: Great care 
 muft be taken to water them well ; and when towards 
 the end of Ofober, we haveamind to whitez them, we 
 take the advantage of a dry Day, firft to tie up all 
 their Leaves with two or three Bands, and fome days 
 after, we cover them quite up with Straw, or dry 
 Litter well twifted about them, fo that the Air can- 
 not penetrate to come at them, except it beat the very 
 top, which we leave open. HW 
 Thefe Cardoon Plants, thus wrapt up, whiten ina- 
 bout fifteen Days or three Weeks, .and grow fit to 
 eat; we make an end of tying up, and wrapping or 
 covering all we have in our Gardens, when we per- 
 
 up with the Earth about them, totran{plant them into 
 our Green-Hoxfe or Confervatory ; {ome of thofePlants 
 are 
 
186 The (ompleat Gard’ner. Vol. IL. 
 are good to tranfplant in the naked Earth in the fol- 
 lowing Spring, toruntoSeed in Fane or! Fuly ; or elfe 
 fome Plants of them tied up in their firft places, will 
 ferve for that three or four times together. ror 
 CARO T S are multiplied only by Seeds, which 
 are fmall and oval, the fides of which are wrought 
 with little Streaks, orlongifh Points very fmall ; and 
 one fide of the flat part of the Seed is a little fuller, 
 and more raifed than the other; and both of them 
 are marked longwife with Strakes; they are of the 
 colour of a dead Leafe ; are a fort of Root, whereof 
 fome are white, ond others ye//ow, that grow only from. 
 
 Seed, and require the fame care and ordering, which 
 we havealready defcribed under the Head of Red-Beet- 
 Roots. 
 
 CELLERY ismultiplied only by Seed, which is ve- 
 ry fmall, yellowifh, and ofa longifh oval figure, and 
 alittle bunched ; it is not good but at the end of Az- 
 tumn, and during the Winter-Seafons , we fow of it 
 two feveral times, to be fupply’d with it fomuch the 
 
 longer; that which has been long fown, eafily runs to. 
 Seed, and grows hard: We fow it then the firft time 
 in bot-Beds in the begining of Apri/, and becaufe its. 
 Seed is {o extreame {mall, we cannot help fowing it too. 
 thick + So that if we be not careful to thin it, and . 
 crop itin time, to make it grow to fome ftrength, 
 and bignef$ before we tranf{plant it, it warps and flags. 
 its Head too much, and grows weak, and fhoots its 
 Leaves ftranglingly outward, inftead of producing. 
 {tore of them from the middle of its Stock: The fu- 
 ret way to tranfplant itin a Nurfery-Bed, is placing: . 
 thePlants two or three Inches from one another ; for 
 which we make holes with our Fingers only; we. 
 tran{plant that whichcomes of the firlt fowing at the 
 beginning of Fe, and fow our fecond fowing the 
 lavter end of Muay, orbeginning of Fume, but it is in 
 open-beds, and we take.the fame care.to thin, crop, 
 and tran{plant this, as we did that of the firlt fowing > 
 
 | but: 
 

 
 Vol. Wi. The Compleat Gard’ner. 187 
 but we muft plant more of it the fecond time, than 
 at the firft. There are two ways of tran{planting it, 
 the one is ina Pit or[rencha full Spit deep, and be- 
 tween three:or four foot broad, in order to place in 
 it three or four ranks of thofe P/ants,at the diftance 
 of one foot from one another; this way of making 
 bollow-beds to earth wp our Ceery in,is good only in 
 dry Grounds,wet Grounds being too apt to rot them. 
 The fecond way of tranfplanting it,is in plain Beds, 
 not made hollow, and at the fame diftanceas the o- 
 thet,taking care in both forts of Beds,to water them 
 extremely in the Summer-time,its chief goodnefs con- 
 fifting in being tender, as wellasinbeing very white ; 
 watering contributes to the firft kind of goodnefs,and 
 for the fecond, you are to obferve, that to whiten 
 Cellery, we begin at firft to tie it with two Bands 
 when it is big enough, chufing dry Weather for that 
 eftett,and afterward we earth our Ce/ery Plants quite 
 up, withEarth taken from the high-raifed Path-ways, 
 or elfe cover it all over with dry long Dung,or dry 
 Leaves, as we do Curdoons. Cellery, {fo earthed up 
 with dry Earth,or cloathed with long dry Dung, or 
 dry Leaves, to the very tops of its Leaves, whitens 
 in three Weeks or a Month; and becaufe when ’tis 
 whitened, it rots as it ftands,if it be not prefently ea-’ 
 ten, by confequence we are not to earth it up, or 
 cover it with Dune, but in fuch proportion as we 
 are able to {pend out of hand. There needs no other 
 Precaution to be ufed in it, fo long as it does not 
 freeze ; but as foon as ever it begins to freeze, we 
 muft then quite cover up our Ce//ery all over, for a 
 hard Froft {poils it prefently ; and that we may the 
 more eafily cover it, after we have fitft ty’d it up. 
 with two or three Bands,we take it up with theEarth 
 about it, at the beginning of Winter, and plant it in 
 another Bed, fetting the P/anrs as clofe as we canto. 
 one another, and then there needs much lefS {tuff to. 
 cover them,than,when they. are left ftanding in Se 
 
188 The Compleat Gardner. Vol. IL. 
 
 old places at fuch great diftances afunder. The way 
 to raife Seed from them, is, to tranfplant fome Plants 
 of them in fome bye-place, after Winter is paft, which 
 
 will not fait to run to Seed in the Month of Auguft, 
 
 we know but one fort of it. | | 
 CHARDS of Artichoakes. See Artichoks. — 
 CHARDS of Avtichoks, otherwife called Coffons,are 
 the Leaves of fair Artichoke-plants tied, and wrapt up 
 in Straw in Autumn and Winter; which being cover: 
 edupall over, but at the very top, with Straw, grow 
 white, and by that means lofe a little of their Bitter- 
 nef$; fo that when they are boiled, they are ferved 
 up like true Spaifh Chadrons, but after all, are not 
 fo good, and befides the Plants often rot and perifh, 
 whilft we are whiting them ; 
 CHARDS-BE ET. See Beet. | , 
 CHARDS of Beets, are Plants of white Beets trant- 
 planted in a well-prepared Bed at the diftance of a 
 full Foot one from the other, which produce great 
 Tops, that inthe middle havea large, whiteand thick 
 
 downy, Cotton-like main-Shoot , and that Cotton-like 
 
 Shoot is the true Chard ufed in Pottages and Intermef- 
 fes: After we have fown white Beers upon hot-Beds, or 
 inthe naked Earth, inthe Month of March, we tranf- 
 
 plant that which is yellowelt, in Beds purpofely pre- 
 
 pared, and by taking care to water them well in the 
 Summer, they gtow big and {trong enough to re- 
 fift the hard Winter Cold, provided care be taken to 
 cover them withlong dry Dung, juft as we do Avtz- 
 chokes: ‘They are likewife well placed, when two 
 Ranks of them are planted between two Ranks of Ar- 
 tichokes ; we uncover them inApri/, and drefS theEarzb 
 about them, and give them careful attendance, and 
 by the means of this diligent Ca/ture, they produce 
 thofe tine Chards we have in the Rogation Seaton, and 
 in the Months of Muay and Fume. In fine, they run 
 to Seed, which we gather in the Months of Fu/y and 
 Auguf?, and fow in the following Spring. 
 CHERVIL 
 
 a * 
 q 
 

 
 Vol. Wl. = The Compleat Gardner, 189 
 CHERVIL is multiplied only by Seed, which is 
 black,very {mall, and pretty longifh ftrip’dlongwife ; 
 it grows upon Pants that were {own tbe dutumn be- 
 fore and knits and ripens in the Month of une. 
 ~ Musked Chervilis only multtplied by Seed, which is 
 longifh, black, and pretty big ; it is one of our Sal- 
 lad-Furnitures ; and at the beginning of the Spring, 
 whilft its Leaves are young and tender, it 1s agrecable, 
 and proper to contribute towards the giving a pertum- 
 —ingrelifh; but itis to be ufed no longer when they are 
 old and tough: it remains feveral Years in its place. 
 without being fpoiled by the Froft, fo that its Stock 
 erows pretty big and high; it runs to Seed towards 
 the Month cf Fume, and by that is multiplied.: 
 
 Ordinary Chervil is an annual Plant, or rather a 
 
 Plant of few Months, which ferves for many ufes, 
 
 and efpecially in Sa//ads, when it is young and ten- 
 
 der ; and therefore we ought to fow a little of it every 
 
 Month, proportionably to the occafion we may have 
 
 for it, and to the quantity of Ground we have; it 
 
 runs very eafily to Seed, and if we have fome of it 
 betimes, we muft fow it by the end of Autumn, and 
 doubtlefs we fhall have the Seed quite ripe towards 
 the middle of Fume following; we cut down the 
 Stalkes as foon as it begins te grow yellow, and beat 
 it out, as we do that of other Plants. - 
 CIBOULES, ot Small Onions, are propagated 
 only by Seeds of the bignefS of a Corn of ordinary 
 
 Gun-powder, a little flat on one fide, and half round 
 on theorher, and yet alittle long and oval, and white 
 on the infide; folike to which are both the Seed of 
 the red and white Onion, and of Leeks, that it is very 
 hard to diftinguifh them one from another. Czboules 
 are fown in all Seafons. 
 
 Ciboules,orChibouls,properly {peaking,are butOzzons 
 that are degenerated,andof which Nature has as itwere 
 mif{carried,that istofay,Ozionsthatiniteadof producing 
 
 | a lit- 
 
alittle Root inthe Eartb,-and onefingleStem,produces 
 buta {mall Root,and feveral Stems, or upright Shoots, 
 and thofe which produce moft of them are moft e- 
 {fteemed, which are the fort of which we fhould be 
 careful to preferve moft Seed,and which,if planted in 
 March,will yield us Seeds fit to gather in Auguj?. We 
 Tow: Cibouls almoft in every Month in the Yearjexcept 
 in very hard Weather,when the Earth cannot becul- 
 tivated,their Seed are fo perfectly like that of Oxzons, 
 that they cannot be diftinguifh’d one from the other, 
 but the formerneverrecover foas to produce Onzons, 
 and particularly thofe we. pluck up out of the Oxion- 
 Beds, which are fown too thick, and mutt be thin’d 
 that thofe which are left, may grow the bigger; we 
 thin our Cibou/s alfo for the fame reafon,and we tranf- 
 plant fome which profper very well, and grow big 
 when they are tran{planted. It is convenient to wa- 
 tet our Czboxl-Beds in Summers that prove extraor- 
 dinary dry ; and unlefs in fuch cafes, they will not 
 need watering, but however they mutft be always 
 planted in good Earth. oe | 
 
 CTTRULLS, Pumpions, or Pumkins, are propaga- 
 ted only by Seeds,which are of a fatand oval figure, 
 
 and pretty large and whitifh,and are as it were neatly 
 
 edged about the fides, excepting only atthe bottom, 
 where they ftuck to the Citxi//, in whofe Belly they 
 were formed, | | ; 
 
 They are the biggeft Productions which the Earih 
 brings forth in cur Climates, ter whofe Cu/ture little 
 
 is to be done: Ufually we fow them in hotBeds about 
 
 the middle of March, as the only way to preferve and 
 multiply them ; at the end of Apri we take them up 
 with theE-z#th about them,to tranfplant them in holes 
 
 made for that purpofe, of about two Foot diameter, 
 
 and:one Foot deep,and twolathomsdiftant one from 
 
 the other,which are filled with Mod; when their 
 
 -~- 
 
 Vives begin to grow five or fix foot long,which hap- 
 OSS GLOW Tt : ° : 
 pens about the beginning of Fuze, we throw upon 
 then 
 
 at 
 
 190 The Compleat Gard'wr. Vol. th. 
 

 
 PR MRE Py fo) Ree po ae eens YY eS ee ee Pee Te Te 7 Oem per Yo] i 
 
 * , 
 
 Vol. H. rhe Compleat’ Gardner. 191 
 
 them in the middle of that length, fome Shovels full 
 
 of Earth, both to prevent their being broken by the 
 
 Wind’s blowing them to and fro, and to make them 
 take voot at the place fo covered ; by which means, 
 the Fruit that grows beyond that part will be the bet- 
 ter nourifhed,and confeqently grow the bigger.There 
 
 “are two forts of Pumpions, the Green, and Whitifh, 
 
 but neither of them are fit tobe gathered till they be 
 
 grown Yel/ow, and the Skin become tough enough to 
 
 refift one’s Nail ; we keep of them in our Szore-bou- 
 
 Jes till about the middle of Lewt,when they have been 
 
 paces pe gather'd, and well defended from the 
 old. } : 
 
 All forts of Situations in the open Air agree with 
 them well enough, but thofe which are well expos’d 
 ripen fooneft ,; we trim nothing off from them, but 
 only content our felves with watering them {fome- 
 times, when the Summer is exceffive dry ; their Seed 
 is in their Bellies. — f 
 
 CIVES, or Enelifh Crves, are multiplied only by 
 Off-fets that grow round about their Ivffts, which 
 grow very big in time, from which a part are taken 
 to replant: They are multiplied by producing thick 
 Lufits, which are /ipt out and feperated into many 
 little ones, and are tran{planted nine or ten Inches a- 
 funder, either in Borders or Beds , they require pretty 
 good Ground, with which it they be accommodated, 
 they will laft three or four Years without te- 
 moving, without needing any great Culture, it being 
 enough to Keep them well weeded, and to water them 
 fometimes during the Heat; it is their Leaves only 
 that are ufed for one of the Sa//ad Furnitures. 
 
 COLLYFLOWERS. See Cabbage. 
 
 COLWORTS. See Cabbage. — 
 
 CRESSES, called Alenovs Creffes, are multiplied 
 only by Seed, which is of a longith oval figure, final! 
 and ot an Orange yellow Colour. 
 
 Garder- 
 
192 The (Compleat Gardnr. Vol. I. 
 Garden-Creffes are one of the little Sallad-Fur- 
 nitures, and is a Plant that lafts but a little while ; 
 we fow it every Month as we do Cherui/, that we 
 may always have fome of it that is tender, and we- 
 fow it always very thick; it is propagated only by» 
 Sced, which is very apt to run, and which we begin 
 to gather at the end of Fume, cutting down the Stalks - 
 in order to dry them, and beat out the Seeds and win- 
 now them as we do thofe of other Plants, as foon as 
 we perceive any of them to ripen. . | 
 CUCUMBERS, or Coucumbers, are propagated 
 only by Seed, which is oval, a little pointed at both 
 ends, but a little lefS at the lower end or bottom than 
 at the other, out of which {prings its Bud or Sprout ; 
 it is of a midling Thicknefs of a whitifl Colour, 
 and is gather’d out of the Bellies of thofe Coucom-. 
 bers that are grown yellow with ripnefs. See their. 
 Culture, under the Head of Me/lons, and Musk-Me?- 
 Jons. Jt is to be obferved, That a Cucumber Plant 
 yeilds a great quantity of Frit, and for a long time 
 when ’tis well cultivated, and efpecially when it is 
 well watered. , . 
 
 _ CURRAN -BUSHES, whofe Fruit grows in Bun- 
 ches, both the ved and the white, called Dutch Cur- 
 rans; as alfo Goofe-berry Bufhes, called in French, 
 Grofeilles, or prickly Groffeilles, are multiplied as 
 well by S/ps that are a little rooted, that {prout out 
 at the foot of their Stocks, every Year, in the Spring, 
 as by fimple Cuttings , we alio replant their Stocks 
 of two or three Years old. | 
 
 CURRANS,and Goofe-berries,being both compre- 
 hended under the French name Grofeilles, both the 
 red and the white or pearled fort, termed in Exg/i/h, 
 Currans, and the prickly fort, called in Exgli/h, Dutch 
 Goofe-berries, ate kinds of little Frait-/brubs,which 
 yeilda great deal of Frit ; they produce round abort 
 their old Stock, a great: number of rooted Suckers ox: 
 S/ips, which ferve to propagate them, befides which 
 
 their 
 
Vol. If, The Compleat Garner. 493 
 
 their Branches, and ef{pecially the young ones that are 
 
 Foot one from the other,eithet in wholeBeds orSguares, 
 or inthe void fpaces between the Drwarf+Trees, which 
 afe ufually planted about the Squares of Kitchen or 
 Fruit-Gardens , both of them delight ina Ground that 
 is a little moift, the better to enable them to produce 
 thick Shoots, and confequently good Fruit. | 
 
 Currans, produce Bunches, which ate ripe in Fuly, 
 but the prick/y ones, named in Exelifh, Goofe-berries; 
 produce none, but bear their krwzt upon fingle Stalks 
 
 
 
 growth, and that at the place of every one of the Kyes 
 or Buds of that Branch ; the Fruit of this latter is uled 
 particularly im Apri/ and May, in Compotes, and wet 
 Sweet-Meats, and Sauces, tor which uies it mult be 
 very green; for when it is ripe, it grows too fott and 
 
 me eee he ey hey ee eee Me 
 
 cut off from them, take voor eafily ; they are planted in 
 the Month of March, at the diftance of at leattfix good — 
 
 Due ee 
 
 The red, and pearled or white fort, called in English, 
 
 all along the young Branches ot the preceding Year’s 
 
 flat: Phe Culture that is moft proper to be ufed tor 
 
 both Currans and Goofe-berries, and efpeciaily to Cur- 
 vans, confifts in cutting away all the old Wood, and 
 
 preferving only that of one or two Years growth ; for | 
 
 a confufed mixture of one with the other, is not on- 
 ly very difagreeable and pernicious, but-the old Braz- 
 ebes will bear nothing but very finall Frit, till at laft 
 they quite degenerate, fo that they will bear none 
 but fmall, common, and very four Currass or Goo/e: 
 berries, and as foon as the old Stocks have done. bea- 
 ring any longer either tair Branches or good Fruit; we 
 fhould take a refolution utterly to grub them up, af- 
 ter we have. firft raifed’a Plantation of mew ones in 
 fome other choice frefh piece of Ground, -to fupply 
 their places; for a Garden ought by no means to be 
 Without fair Currans and Goofe-berries, and as foon as 
 ever the new ones begin to bear, we areto deftroy 
 the old ones, which make but a very unfightly figure 
 ina Garden. 7 
 
 P DOCK- 
 
 ; me 
 
aan 
 
 Vol: IL 
 
 (194 = The Compleat Gard’ner: | 
 
 DOCK, called Patience, being a fort of Sorre/, is 
 multiplied only by Seed, which is like Sorre/feed, on- 
 ly a little bigger ; properly fpeaking, it is buta fae 
 of very great or large Sorve/, which is very fowre ; 
 we content our felves.only with fome Borders, or per- 
 haps fome one fingle Bed of it, to have fome of its — 
 Leaves, to mix now and then among our Sorre/: The — 
 manner of raifing it, is the fame we prattife with 
 Sorrel : | ; 
 
 ; 
 E : | 
 
 ENDIVEW HITE, called in French, Chicoree 
 1.€. Succcry, is multiplied only by Seed, which is long- — 
 ifhjot a whidfh-gray colour,fat at cne endjand round. 
 ifhatthe other, and grows upon theSvocks or Stems of | 
 the precedingYear’s growth; one wou’d take it almoft 
 for nothing but little bits of Herbs cut fmall. . . - 
 
 ENDIVEWILD, or Succory, isalfo propagated — 
 only by Seed, which is longifh, and blackifh, and — 
 grows as the other doth: It is a fort of very good — 
 annual P/anr, ufed in Sal/ads, and in Pottage in the Au- 
 tumn and Winter Seafons, provided it be well white-_ 
 ned, and confequently tender and delicate ; it is mul. — 
 tiplied only by Seed. There isthe common ot Garden — 
 Eadive, and Wild Endive, called alfo Succory, the com- 
 ion Name in Frezch to them both. The common En-— 
 dive is of feveral kinds, vrs. the white, which is the. 
 moft delicate ; and the green fort, which is moft ruf: — 
 tical, and beft able to refift the Cold; as likewife the — 
 curled fort, and that which is not curled. q 
 
 All forts of them agree tolerably well with all kinds — 
 of Ground, we feldom begin to fow any of them till © 
 towards the middle of May, and then they muft be 
 {own very thin, or be very much thin’d afterwards, 
 
 in. | 
 
 
 
 
 
 ‘ 
 
ee 
 Vol. If. The Compleat Gardner. 95 
 in order to be whitened in the places where they firft 
 grow, without tranfplanting ; and we alfo fow but 
 a little quantity of themat once, becaufe they are apr 
 torun to Seed: The feafon of fowing a greater quan- 
 ‘tity of-them, is about the latter end of Fume, and du- 
 Ting the whole Month of Fu/y, in order'to have fome 
 good to fpend in September, and we atterwards {ow a 
 great deal of it again in Azeu/?, that we may have a 
 {ufficient quantity of it, to fetve us all the reft of Ax- 
 _tumn, and the firlt part of Winter ; and when our Ex- 
 dive comes up too thick, we cut it, or elfe pull up 
 fome of it, to thin it, that the reft may grow big e-- 
 -nough to be tranfplanted ; and when we tranfplant it, 
 in Summer-time, it muft be placed at the diftance of 
 a large Foot between Plant and P/ant ,; we ufually 
 make great Beds of five or fix Foot broad, in order 
 to plant them afterward in it, in Lines marked out 
 with aCord. This P/ant requires great and frequent 
 Waterings, and when it is big enough, we mutt £0 
 towork to whitenit; for which effect we tie it up with 
 two or three Bands, according as its height requires ; 
 and being fo tied, it whitens in fifteen or twenty Days: 
 But becaufe it is very apprehenfive of Froft, there- 
 fore as foon as ever the Cold begins to come on, we 
 cover it with long dry Dmg, whether it be tied up 
 or no: at the end of September we plant the Stocks of 
 it pretty near together, becaufe thenit neither grows 
 fo high, nor {preads fo much as inSwummer ; and.if we 
 can fave any P/ants of itin Winter, we mufttranfplant 
 them again in the Spring, in order to produce Seed 
 that may have fufficient time to ripen. Thofe Per- 
 fons who have a good Confervatory or Green-Hoxfe,. 
 will do well to houfe it up their; but they who have — 
 none, muft be content tocover it up witha good quan- 
 tity of long dry Dag, fo that the Froft may not come » 
 
 at it. | | 
 WILD ENDIVE, or Succory, is fown at the begin- 
 ning of March, and that pretty thick, casa tigintry Mes 
 2 wel 
 
well prepared ,-we endeavour to fortifie it, and make’ 
 it grow big all Summer, by watering and cropping it, 
 “that it may be fit‘to whiten in Winter. gh 
 There are fome People that will eat it green in Sa/- 
 Jads, though it be never fo bitter ; but commonly they 
 
 rather defire it whiten'd , andto whiten it, wecovyesit 
 
 up with a greatdeal oflong-Duzg, after we have firft 
 
 cut it clofe to the Earth, by which means it being 
 fotc’d: to’ {pring up in obfcurity, and ihaded from all 
 Light, its young Shoots grow white and tender. The. 
 
 neatelt way is by interpofition of fome props crofling 
 
 fiom fide to fide, to keep the Dung from touching it, 
 
 fince it {hoots up. in the fame. manner under, fuch.a 
 hollow covering, as under.a clofe one: fo that care be 
 
 196  The-Compleat Gard'ner. Vol. Ms. 
 
 
 
 taken fo well to ftop up Paflages on all fides, that no 
 
 Light or Air at all get ins being thus orderd, ‘its 
 
 Shoots are. mauch cleanlier, and relifh not fo much of. 
 the Duxg. They which have Confervatories,may tranf-. 
 plant fome of it thither in Winter, it {prouting well” 
 enough there, when it is but a little obfcurely plac’d :. 
 
 when itis green,it endures the Froft well enough, and 
 
 at the very latter end of May it runs to Seed. . Many . 
 
 People eat its Sdoers in Sallads, when they are young 
 
 and tender. | 
 
 EF 
 
 KENNEL is propagated only by Seed, which ist 4 
 pretty {mall, longifh, and oval, bunched, and ftreaked. ~ 
 
 with greenifh gray Streaks. 
 
 “Tis one of our Sallad-Furnitures, which-grows on: : 
 
 ly from Seeds, and is feldom tranfplanted ; it refiftsthe 
 
 Cold cf Winter: We fow either in Beds or Borders, it. 
 
 {prings again when cut; its youngeft and tendereft. 
 
 Sheots are the beft: The Seed is gathered in Angujt; 
 
 and, in fine, it agrees well enough with.all forts of 
 Gsrounds.. See more: of it under Ammen 
 
 GAR- 
 
Vol | The Compleat Gard'ner. 197 
 
 G 
 GARLICK is produced bya kind of Kernels, ot 
 
 | Off-fets, which grow in great numbets about its Foor, 
 
 a. | 
 
 and make altogether a kind of Bz/b like an Onxion, 
 which Kerne/s are called the Cloves of the Garlick, 
 every C/ove being concave or hollow on the infide, 
 and convex or bending outward on the outfide, 
 having at its lowerend a flat Bafe or Bottom, by which 
 it is faftened to the Foot or Sta/k, out of which the 
 Roots ipring ; and having on the Top a pointed end, out 
 of which fprings its Bud or Shoot, when it is planted 
 in the bath in the Months of March or April, in or- 
 
 der to its bringing forth. 
 
 It’s propagated by Heads or Kernels called Cloves, 
 about the end of Febrvary, which are fet three or fonr 
 Inches deep in the Ground, and at three or four Inches 
 diftance one from the other ; they are taken out of the 
 Earth at the end of Fu/y, and laid to dry ina place free 
 trom moifture, in order to preferve them from one 
 Year to another. ; ae 
 
 | i G OOS E-BE RR IFS. See Currange 
 
 | Parfley, &e: 
 
 it i 
 HYSOP, or HYSOPE, is propagated only by 
 Slips. ae ‘ ees 
 HAR FS-HOR Nyor Backs-born Sallad; is-a little 
 annual Plant, whofe Leaves, when tendei, are ufed in - 
 
 _ Sallad-Furnitures; theyare fown in March, very thick, 
 
 it being impoffible to fow them thin, becaufe their’ 
 Seeds are fo very {mall, which are gather’d in dugu/t. — 
 The little Birds are very greedy, of them, as indeed 
 they are of all other fimall Kitchea-Plant Seeds + 
 When the Leaves of this P/ant are cut, there {pring up 
 frefh ones, juit as there do alfo from: Sorre/, Cives, 
 
 P 3 LAVEN- 
 
198 j The Compleat Gard'ner. Vol. HW. 
 
 LAVENDER is multiplied by Seed, and by old 
 Stocks or Plants tran{planted. | 
 
 It ferves to garnith Borders inKitchen-Gardens,and 
 yeilds a Flower, which, without being feparated trom 
 its Stalk, is ufed to be put among clean Linnen, to 
 perfume it; it is multiplied both by Seed, and by irs 
 Branches-or Slips which have taken Root at their 
 Joints. 
 
 ' LAWREL. See Bays. 
 
 LEEKS are multiplied only by Seed, whichis al- 
 together like that of Ciboufes; they are replanted in 
 May, very deep in the Earth, to make their Sta/ks 
 and Plants thick and white; and they are fown in 
 March, as foon as the Froft will permit their Seed 
 
 grows jn a kind of thick white Purfe, which is round, - 
 
 and grows upon the top of a goad long Stalk, and it 
 Keeps a pretty long time in that Purfe or Hood before 
 it falls. wis) | 
 
 They are fown at theend of Winter, and that pret- 
 ty thick, in Beds well prepared; after which, during 
 the whole Month of Fume, take them up neatly, and 
 tranfplant them into other Beds which are no lefs 
 carefully prepared; in order to which, we make with 
 a planting Stick, holes about four Inches deep, and 
 half'a Foot afunder, and after we have a little trim’d 
 both their Roots and Leaves, we only flide down a 
 fingle P/ant into eyery hole, without minding to, 
 prefs down the Earth about it, as we do to all other 
 . Plants, however, we take care to grub up the Weeds 
 about them, from time to time, and to water them a 
 little in very dry Weather, that their Stem may 
 grow to a due thicknefs, and may whiten before 
 Winter : when the Froft is very brisk, it is beft to co- 
 ver them, or elfe to fet them in Earth in the Com- 
 
 fervatory ; it is likewife very convenient. to take 
 
 * them 
 
 
 
Vol. II. ‘The (Compleat Gardner. 199 
 
 them up eut of their Bed where they are planted a 
 little at large, and to place them nearer together af- 
 terward in another Nurfery-Bed, and cover them up 
 with long Litter, becaufe otherwife when it freezes 
 hard, we fhould not be able to get them out of the 
 Ground without breaking.them; we may leave fome 
 of them ftanding, after Winrer, to run to Seed, or elfe 
 we may plant fome of them in a feparate place for that 
 urpole; their Seed is gather’d in dvguf?, and there 
 * 4s a fort that is bigger than the ordinary one, which 
 is the beft. ne 
 LETTUCES, of what fort foever they be, are 
 multiplied only by Seed, which is of a longifh oval 
 figure, ftreak’d longih, fharp-pointed at the end, 
 and very fmall; fome are bluck, as thofe of Awber- 
 villers, but molt of themare white: when they are 
 {Own in the Spring, they run to Seed in Fu/y atter: 
 But the Winter Lettuces, called otherwife She//-Lettu- 
 ces, atter having pafs’d the Winter in the place where 
 they were replanted in Offober; run up to Seed in Fu/p 
 following. | 
 They are P/ants that are-the moft ordinarily and 
 commonly feenin our Kitchin-Gurdens, and are in- 
 need the moft ufeful Muna of them, and efpecially 
 for Sallads, of which almoft all Mankind are defirous 
 we havemany kinds ; for in the firlt place, there are 
  Lettuces of different Seafons, thofe which are good 
 in certain Months of the Year, being not-good tn o- 
 thers ; and thofe which grow well in the Sprzmg, not 
 thriving in the Swmmer, aud they which profper in 
 > Autumn and Winter, coming to nothing neither in 
 Spring nor Summer, as will be feen afterwards. In 
 the Second place, There are fome that with the ordt- 
 nary help of the general Cz/zwre attain their due Per- 
 tection, and contribute both to the Nourifhmenc and 
 Pleafure of Mankind, and they are the Cabbage Let- 
 tuces. Thirdly, Thereare fome that neceflarily require 
 the Art and Taduftry of the Gurd’ner, to advance 
 ges them 
 
200 The Compleat Gard’ner. Vol. II. 
 
 them to that degree of perfeCtion which they fhould | 
 
 _ have; and they are {uch as muft be tied up; to make 
 them grow white, without which they would be neither 
 tender, nor fweet, nor good ; fuch as are the Roman 
 
 Lettuces, &c. nay, and I have thought fit fometimes — 
 
 to tieup thofe that were to cabbage, when | faw they 
 did not cabbage {oon enough, by which means they 
 may be forced.to cabbage: L ufe this method particu- 
 larly with fome forts of Winter Lettuces, that is, 
 
 when there are any of them, which though furnifhed — 
 
 with Leaves big enough to cabbage, yet for want of 
 fufficient Heat, are hinder’d from turning, that is, 
 from growing hard ; and this Expedient is a very fo- 
 vereign Kemedy againft that defect, in a furly Seafon : 
 And. befides thefe. general diftinGions, the number of 
 the particular kinds of Lettuces is greater than of any 
 other fort of Kitchen-Plants whatfoever, as will appear 
 more efpecially by the order they obferve in refpect 
 of the Seafons, And the order of the Cabbage Lettu- 
 ces, as near as I can defcribe, is this; i+ 
 The firlt that cabbage at the going out of Winter, are 
 the Shel/-Lettuces, fo called becaute their Leaf is round 
 almoft like.a. She//: They aré otherwife called Winter-. 
 Lettuces, becaufe they pretty well endure ordinary 
 Frofts, which none of all the other Lettucescan do; 
 
 thefe are fown in September,and afterwards tranfplan- .— 
 ted in fome Wa/l-border towards the Sourb and Eaff, 
 
 in the Months of Ofober and November, or elfe thev 
 are fown upon Hot-Beds, under Bells, in the Months of 
 February and March, and ars good to eat in Apri or 
 May. We have at the fame time another fort of 
 reddijh-Lettuces, called Paffion-Lettaces, which profper 
 very well in light Grounds, but net over well in a- 
 thers, which being colder, but ftronger or heavier, 
 eafily. infect them with flimy Snivel: both thefe kinds 
 ibould, when they thrive, produce very thick and 
 good Héads.. Torhefefucceed the briehbt curled Let- 
 ¢uces, which ufually cabbage in the Spring; that is, be: 
 
 é 
 - 
 
 * 
 
 
 
 
 
 fore 3% 
 
Vol The Compleat Gard’nr. 201 
 
 fore the Heat growsany thing exceflive, but they muft 
 not be planted in {trong heavy Lands: they likewife 
 do wellupon Hot-Beds, and efpecially under Bell-Glaf- 
 fes, or GlafS Frames ; for when they are fown in 7a- 
 nyary, and tran{planted as foon as they are grown any 
 thing thick, or elfe lett thin upon their Nurfery-Beds, 
 they cabbage as foon as the Winter Letiuces, and are 
 very excellent. 
 
 ' ‘There is about the fame Seafon, two other forts of 
 bright curled Lettuces, viz. one called George Lettuces, 
 which are thicker and lefs curled than the ordinary 
 bright curled Lettuces , and other called Mision Let- 
 tuces, which is the leaft fort: both thefe laft require 
 fuch Ground as we term good black Sand, but yet their 
 Heads are feldom cabbag’d clofe enough, that is to fay, 
 are not ordinarily fo hard and firm as thofe of the right 
 curled bright Lettuces. 
 
 The curled green Lettucescome in near about the 
 - fame Seafon with the preceding ones, but are not fo 
 tender nor delicate.. Spite | 
 
 There is alfoa fort of fmall ved ones, and another 
 named fhort Lettuces, both which have all the neceffa- 
 ry Qualifications of good Lettuces, excepting only 
 that their Heads are {mall, » and. that they likewife re- 
 quire black {andy Ground. 7 
 
 The firft Lettuces fupply us amply, as I have faid, 
 during Apri/and May, and the begining of Fuze, but 
 afterwards they are too apt to be enclin’d to run to 
 Seed, by the great Heat that then comes on ; they 
 are follow’d, during the refit of Fwme and all Fady, by 
 thofe called the Royal Bel/-gards, or fair Looks, bright 
 Genoa's, Capucins, Aubervilliers,and Perpignans, of 
 ‘which laft there are both geen and bright, both of 
 which produce very fair and good Heads, and thrive 
 well enough in {trong Grounds too, when the Summer 
 oroves not. too rainy ; but Cold or too frequent: Rains 
 infect them with Slime and Snivel, and > ie 
 hw 3 | | eftroy 
 
202 The Compleat Gardner: Vol. II. 
 deftroy them. The Cappucin Lettuce are reddith, 
 cabbage eafily, even without tranfplanting, and are 
 pretty delicate; the Awbervilliers bring forth Heads 
 that are too hard, and fometimes bitter withal, and 
 are more ufed tor boiling than for Salads. The 
 difference that appears between the Roya/, and Bel/- 
 gards of fair-look’d Lettuces, is only that the former 
 look a litrle more greenifh, and thefe laft a little- - 
 brighter. . on 
 However, in Swammer-time, the tied Lettuces are 
 mixed among the cabbage ones; viz. the Roman 
 Lettuces, which are open, and are called Chicons, or 
 bright, and are termed A/phanges, which laftare more 
 delicate than the Chicons, both to raife, and when 
 they are eaten in Se//ads: There are alfo a fort 
 which are termed Imperial Lettuces, which are of an 
 extraordinary Size, and are likewife delicate to the 
 Tait, but very apt to run to Seed as foon as ever 
 they grow white, there are befides a certain kind of 
 large reddifh Chicons, which whiten, in a manner, of 
 themfelves, without tying, and are good in courfe 
 ‘Grounds, and {neceed ufually pretty well in Swmmer; 
 for as for the green Chicons, we cannot well have 
 them but in the Sprimg, . becaufe they run too haftily to 
 Seed: Yhe Lettuces that defend themfelves beft from 
 the great Heats that predominate about the end of 
 Fuly, and all the Month of Avguf?, are thofe which 
 we call Genoa Lettuces, and efpecially the green fort , 
 for the bright Gevoa and red Geoa run mote eafily 
 to feed, and will hardly come to good but in light 
 Grounds ; we fhould therefore prepare a great many e 
 of the green Genoa’s againft the Dog-Days, and the 
 firft Frofts ; we may alfo intermix with them fome 
 few bright, and fome red Gewoa’s, but more efpecially 
 we fhould be fure tomix with them fome A/phaneges, 
 and a great deal of bright or white Ezdive, as like- 
 wifea great many Perpignag Letiuces, both “ _ 
 , , migne 
 
 
 
Vol. H. = The Compleat Gard’ner. 203. 
 bright and green kind. The great Inconveniencies 
 that happen to Cabbage Lettuces, are, firtt, That they 
 often degenerate fo tar as to cabbage no more, which 
 is difcovered by their Leaves growing out in length 
 like a Cat’s Tongue, as the Gurd’ners term it, or by 
 changing their natural Colour into another more or 
 lefs green; and theretore we mutt be careful to gather 
 no Seed from any but fuch as cabbage very well; tor 
 which eftest we fhould te very fure to mark outat firft 
 fome of thofe that turn belt, in order to referve them 
 to run to Seed where they {tand, orto remove them with 
 a Turt of Earth about them, into fome feparate place 
 affigned for that purpofe. | 
 
 The Second, is, That as foon as the moft part of 
 them are cabbaged, they muft be {pent, unlefs we 
 would have the difpleafure to have them run to feed 
 without doing us any fervice ; in which refpect, the 
 Market Gard’ners havea great advantage beyond other 
 Perfons, becaufe they can fell off in one day whole Beds 
 
 of thele Cabbage Lettuces ; for commonly the Beds 
 which are new-planted at the fame time, cubbage 
 likewife all at once; whereas, in- other Gardens, we 
 cannot fpend them any fafter than we need them, 
 for which reafon we are obligd to plant fome of 
 them often, and that in greater quantity than we are 
 able to canfume, that we may havea continual fupply 
 fucceifively, without any difcontinuance, it being 
 much more commodions to have an over.plus of them 
 than:to want; the fureft way is to keep particularly 
 to thofe forts that are the moft ffrong, and that lait 
 a great while cabhaged before they run to feed, fuch 
 as are the She//-Lettuces, the Perpignons, the great 
 Genoa's, the Auber-villiers, and the Aufirichettes, or 
 Auftrian Lettuces, which{ muftconfefs too are along 
 time cabhaging. = 
 
 The Third Reafon, is, That the Movie, which is 
 the Rot, that begins atthe ends of their Leaves, feizes 
 
 we 3 them 
 
204 The Compleat Gard'ner: Vol. I, | 
 them fometimes, and that when the Ground or the | 
 Seafon i$ not favourable unto them, they remain thin 
 and lean, and run up ro Seed inftead of fpreading and. 
 cabbaging. ‘There is hardly any remedy to prevent 
 this Kot, becaufe there is hardly any to be found ef- 
 feCtual againft the cold and rainy Seafons that caufe 
 it; but againft the defects that may be in the Ground, 
 there are infallible ones,. that is to fay, it muft be 
 _ amended and improved with {mall Dung, if it be bar-. 
 ren, whether it be fandy, or a grofs cold Earth ; and 
 to this laft we fhould give a S/ope, if when the Ground 
 is good, the Water {poils ic by ftanding too much - 
 upon it, and by that means make all the Plaats grow- 
 ing there to rot : Good Dung throughly rotten being 
 the Sou/or Primum Mobile ot Kitchen-Gardens, with- 
 out which, no more than without frequent waterings 
 and drefling of tne Ground, no Man can ever he richly 
 {tor’d with fine and goodly Legumes. _ 
 
 There yet remains to be known, for the perfect . 
 underftanding the ordering of Lettaces, that they 
 which grow biggeft muft be placed ten or twelve In- 
 ¢hes one from another, which is to be underftood 
 of the Shed/-Lettuces, Perpignans,Aujftrians,Bell-gards, 
 or Barr Looks, Aubervilliers, Alphanges,and Impertals ; 
 and for thofe that: bear Heads but of a midling fize, 
 the diftance of feven-or eight Inches is enough, which 
 are the bright curled, the fhort, the litle red, and the 
 srcen (bicon Lettuces &c. Thofe that willbe good © 
 Husbands, may fow Raddifhes in their Lettuce-beds, 
 becaufe the Raddi/hes will be all drawn out and fpent 
 before the Letruces cabbage , and for the fame reafon, 
 becaufe the Ezdives are much longer before they come 
 to perfection than the Lettuces, we may plant fome of 
 thefe laft among the Exdives, they agree well enough 
 one with another, and fo we may have adouble Crop 
 together upon the fame Bed, and in the fame Seafon , 
 for the Lettuces are gather’d firlt, and afterwards the 
 Exdioes arrive to their full Goodnefs, ) 
 
 | MACHES, 
 
 
 
Vol. . The Compleat Gard’ner, 205 
 
 he 
 
 MACHES, Mafches or Corn-Sallads, ate multiplied 
 only by Seed, which is very {mall, and of an Orange Co: 
 lour. They are a fort ot little Sa//ad, which we may 
 call a wild and ruftical Sallad, becaufe indeed it is fel: 
 _ dom -brought before any Noble Company; they are 
 multiplied by Seed, which is gather'd in 7u/y, and are — 
 only ufed towards the end ot Winter; we make Beds 
 for them, which we fow about the end of Axgu/t ; 
 they are hardy enough to refiftthe rigour of the Froft; 
 and becaufe they producea great many little Seeds that 
 eafily fall though we have but a little quantity of them, 
 they will propagate themfelves fufficiently, without a- 
 ny other Culture but weeding them. 
 
 MALLOW S, or Marfh-Mallows, are propagated 
 only by Seed, which are like one another infhape, but 
 yet are different as well in Colour as in Bignefs ; for 
 the Seed of the Ma//ows is much bigger than that of 
 the Mar/b-Mal/ows, and that of this latter are ofa deep- 
 er brown than that of the plain Me//ows, they are both 
 triangular, and ftreaked all over. — 
 
 They ought to be allowed a place in our Kitchen- 
 Gardens, though Civility will not permit us to ex- 
 plain in this Treatife what ufes they ferve for; and 
 although they be P/ants of the Fre/ds, rather than of a 
 Garden, they grow of their own accord, and have no 
 more need of cultivating, than the Weeds which infeft 
 the good P/ants , when we have a mind to have any 
 of them in our Gardens, it will be beft to fow them in 
 fome bye-place. 
 
 MAR 7FORAM, is propagated only by Seed, which 
 is very little, and fhaped almoft like a Lemmon, 
 more pcinted on the one fide than on the other, 
 it is fpeckled in fome places with little white Specks, 
 and as it were ftreaked with white all overs. 
 
 iC 
 
206 The Compleat Gard’ner, Vol. I 
 it is ofa pretty light Cinnamon Colour, is an odori- 
 ferous P/azt, of which we compofe agreeable Bor- 
 ders and Edgings: There is the Winter-Marjoram, 
 which is the belt, and the Summer-Marjoram, . 
 which lafts not beyond the Seafon ; both of them — 
 are multiplied by Seed, and likewife by rooted 
 Slips or Suckers, they are principally ufed in making 
 Perfumes. | a 
 MELONS, or Mask-Melons, are multiplied by a 
 Seed which is like that of a Coucumber, excepting in 
 Colour, which in Me/ons is of a pale red, and is not 
 fo broad as that of the others; they are taken out 
 
 of the Bellies of the ripe Musk-Me/ons , of the Cul- ~. 
 
 -ture of which we fhall here prefent you with a moft 
 ample Account, as it is has been delivered by the Ho- 
 nourable Mr. Joba Evelyn. | 
 
 Directions 
 
 
 
Vol. Wf. The Compleat Gardner, 207. 
 a | 1 ofa 
 * Direttions concerning MELONS, 
 
 
 
 * FP THE moft undegenerating fort of Melons are 
 - not large, but of a middling fize, the Rhind 
 thin, faintly embroider’d, and without being Ribb’d 
 or divided along the Sides, or at leaft very obfcure- 
 
 ‘ly : Others there are which be whitifh, fome of a 
 “* Slate colour, Red-flefh, dry, yet melting in the 
 “ Mouth, and not at all mealy, but of-an high and 
 “ generous Guft. Ina word, the. only fort (after 
 © ‘Trials of many hundred Kinds) I have Cultivated 
 “ with SuccefS, and that retain their good Qualities 
 “ more thanTwenty Years, withoutany confiderable 
 ‘* Alteration. | | 
 “ Every Gardner gow-a-days knows how to raife 
 
 “ Melons, but very few to govern them, the great- 
 ** eft difficulty whereof is in the Guelding of Super- 
 “ fluities, to caufe them to knit, and bear as they 
 “ fhould do. In order to which, obferve thefe few 
 “ Dire€tions : Tne 
 
&& 
 
 208 = The Compleat Gard’ner. Vol. 
 
 “ The firft thing appearing (after the Seed is fown, 
 and the Plaats prick’d out from the Hot-bed into 
 a more temperate) area pair of fmall fmooth © 
 Leaves, which (in France) we call-the Ears, 
 
 * marked 1.1. inthe, Meure.» A» few. daysafter, - 
 
 ’twixt thefe, comes up.a fingle Leaf, which we 
 call the firtt. Leaf, as being on the Firft Knot, xo- 
 ted 2. Next tothis, in the fame place, and foon 
 after, there appears another, which we term the 
 Second Knot, marked 3. ..About the middle of 
 whofe Sta/k there fhoots. out another Leaf, call’d 
 the Third Knot, figured. 4... Which Thitd Knot 
 is always. to be Pruned.off at-Fye. 6... but with 
 
 Care, and without wounding the Sta/ or Branch — 
 of the Second. Knot, marked 3... upon which that 
 
 ‘ Third did grow ; it being from this placeyou will 
 
 find that Branch. to, {prout, whichwe call. the.Firft 
 
 * Leader ;-and. is ..that which will fend: outa, Firft, 
 
 * Second, and. Third Knot 5 which-Bhitd (and all 
 
 ey 
 igs 
 
 ‘ other fuch Thirds) you muit cut, or pinch off, 
 
 as you did the other, without ftaying till a Fourth, 
 or Fifth, or more, fhoot out. It is, I fay, from 
 thefe Knots and Joints, that other Branches inlike 
 manner will proceed, knit, and forminto excellent 
 Fruit, provided the Footand Original Stem have been 
 well nourifhed in rich, warm, and proper Mow/d, 
 and well expos’d. 
 
 “ J muft not forget, that from the middle, like- 
 wife *twixt the Ears and two firlt Leaves, there 
 
 ‘ frequently rifes another Branch, which you may a- 
 
 bate, or leave on, as. you find it likely to prove, 
 efpecially ifavigorous one; but the Leaf figured 5, 
 iffuing from the middle of the Fourth Joint, and 
 feveral more befides, fuccefhvely {pringing out of 
 oe another, as you fee the Fourth from the Third 
 
 * (and as all the reft 1 have marked do) 1 purpofely 
 
 omit, and have only figur’d, as fuperfluous to the 
 Ingenious Gurd’ ner. A 
 3 When 
 
 
 
Voit.) The Compleat Gard’ner. 209 
 
 € 
 
 o~ 
 
 GC 
 
 be When I Tranfplant from. this Nurfery-bed (into : 
 the prepared Holes orhKidges, and open Mesoniere). 
 I commonly place two: Roots. together, unlef$ I meet’ 
 with .an extraordinary good P/ant,and then fpare 
 both the Branches which {pring -from each fide, 
 
 * “twixt the Ear and Leafe 7, 7, asbeforeis thew’d : 
 
 But when [-P/ext two Roots near each other (as 1 
 do when they are not very fair ones) I totally: re-: 
 jet both Branches-whichthoot from the twooppo- 
 fite Ears, to avoid that Confufion of thofe Super- 
 ea which injure the principal Stem and Foot’ 
 igs (bee Meas 
 “ Never fuffer the Root, or Stalks of your Melon 
 P/ants,to touch the Dung; nor fhould you water” 
 them-in immoderately, but when the:Earth is. very 
 dry, and the: Seafon exceffively hot,. refrefh, and. 
 give the Roots Drink, without deferring it till the 
 Shoots complain, when it may come too.late :.7: 
 water them in thefe parching Seafons, two or three 
 
 * times every- Week, - and .in the Evenings when the: 
 
 “ Sun is fetting, and then coverthem with Matra/-. 
 “ fes, trom Eleven *till Two.a.Clock; and in the 
 
 <6 
 at 
 &¢ 
 
 <¢ 
 ¢ 
 
 La 
 
 € 
 
 _ 
 
 #¢ 
 
 a 
 
 , oe 
 
 Be KC 
 
 4G 
 ¢ 
 
 o 
 
 oO 
 
 € 
 aC 
 
 46 
 
 Afternoon during the Svz’s exceffive Violence, ’ 
 which exhaufts and confumes the Humidity necef- 
 fary to both Rootsand Branches... "0 
 “ | cover my Me/oniere alfo when it rains; left too 
 much moifture prejudice the Fruit ; all which re- 
 quires a great deal of Care, and no-fmall Pains, 
 though this regular Proceeding is to me a real - 
 Pleafumey $d bic: : Aiicngaghy oth 
 * When the Foot of your Melon-Plant grows 
 over luxurious in Brazecbes, cut away the feebleft 
 of them, leaving not .above three or four of the 
 moft vigorous, and. whofe Knots grow neareft to 
 one another: And when the Me/ons are kint, fuffer 
 not aboye two.upon-each Foot, chufing fuch as are 
 beft plac’d, .and neareft. to the main and principal 
 Stem, which should be: thick, fhug, and not too 
 e Q * far 
 
eG. 
 
 e 
 “ 
 
 mia win lk 4. Gili 
 
 -ar0 = The Compleat Gardner. Vol. I. 
 — ar abovethie Ground. Of thefe that are knit; and — 
 ‘beginning to form, make chisice of the handfomeft 
 
 that are well téuf''d with, a thick fhort Tail s AMe- 
 Jons with long ftarts, -flender and narrow Leaves, 
 never prove worth any thing. ip ited * 
 
 © When you begin to cover with Bells, raife them 
 
 fo upon little Forks, ‘as they neither reft upon the 
 
 “Fruit or Branches,’or quite exclude the Air; but 
 
 fo as to keep the edges trom bruifing, and prefing 
 the tender Sra/k, and Intercepting the Current 
 ““ It now and then happens, that there rifes a fe- 
 cond Branch from between the Ears, and rwo firft 
 
 ' Leaves (though I mention’d indeed butone ) but 
 
 this is vety feldom, and you are ftill to. count 
 
 _ then but for one Joint or Knot, though there will 
 
 thence proceed a Second, Third, Fourth, and per- 
 haps Twenty or Thirry more, and further remote, _ 
 
 if you let themalone, and be not vigilant to re- 
 
 {train and ftop his Exuberance in due time. °Tis 
 
 * true, they will prefent you with Fv wiz at the Extre- 
 
 mities of their Braaches, but ’tis litle worth, as 
 being fo far diftant from the Roor, that the Sap 
 
 “ {pends it felf in the tedious paflage before it ar- 
 
 rives as youll find by the withered Branch, and 
 
 ‘drinefs of the Leaves which fhould skreen both 
 * Branches, and Fruit *till they ate ripe, as we fee 
 * they do. where a Mevon has a fhort and fubftantial 
 * Foot. A curious Gard’ner’ therefore fhould vifir 
 * his Me/oniere from time to time, and be cutting off 
 
 all mutilated, ftarv’d and vicious Bragches which 
 
 ‘annoy the P/amts, for thefe Impertinenrs will grow 
 "even to the view of ones Eye, and quite Impove- 
 “rifh the Frvit, if not timely prevented. 
 
 “ Thas you fee I am caretul to purge the Stem of 
 
 all the final, ftrageling, andunprofitable Branches, — 
 trom, which there is: no Expe@tation of good Frwir, 
 
 whilftcobferving thofe that hdve well Knit Melons 
 
<4 
 
 <4 
 
 Vou. il. The Compleat Gard’ner, 218 
 
 on them at the ends of the Branches, J conftantly 
 
 ? take away the telt of that Brencb on this fide the 
 Fruit, which divaricating into other ufelefs Wan- 
 -derers, would rob, and deprive the Fruit of the 
 
 Nutriment derived from the Reot; neverthelefs 
 
 * with this Cantion, that in Pruning, I {pare fome 
 
 other lefs Noxious Branches iofhade the Fruit that 
 it be nor left quite naked, and expos’d to fucha 
 
 “feorching Heat as would hinder its Growth and 
 
 Maturity, which within forty Days fiom its Na- 
 ivity and knitting into Fruit, arrives to full Pea- 
 fe€tion. Pal Meee 
 * Great and Pumpion like Me/ozs are very feldom 
 tolerably good, as arriving to their bulk either 
 from the Nature of the Seed and Kind, or ftom 
 fuperfiuous Watering the fmaller ones; whe:c:ore 
 (though as I faid they cannot fupport the too «x. 
 ceflive Heats) the lefs Water you give your Plunis 
 (provided you find them not to wait it ) the bet- 
 ter; and that rather a lictle at a time than much: 
 Qnce a Week is for the moft part fuilicient.. As 
 to this therefore you muft determine, and regu- 
 late your Kefrefhments with great CircumfpeCtion, 
 and judge by the NourifHment which you conceive 
 eceflary to produce and maintain the Foot, with 
 its Branches, and Leaves deriving from it; with- 
 out, which no Kiad and Genuine fruit is to be ex- 
 
 pected. 
 “ When you would gather a ripe Melon, you will 
 
 have notice by its turminga little Yellow; for 
 from that time within a day (asthe Weather 
 proves ) it does ordinarily ripen, and begin to 
 caft a grateful Scent ; This Yellownefs appearing 
 in fome Part of it or other, and nor feldom. 
 
 with fome Rifts, or little Cha/ms abcut the © 
 
 Stalk, &c. are moft infallible indications of irs 
 being left rather too long, than. too haftily.ga- 
 
 Q. 2 Vifit- 
 
 ther'd : The Gard’zer mult therefore nor-fail of ae 
 
 & 
 
 é 
 
« 6 
 
 212 ‘The ‘Compleat Gardner Vol. I 
 
 * ‘Wiftting the ‘Meloniere at the leaft three. times a 
 “Day, Morning, Noon, and Evening, fot this Cri- 
 ‘tical time of ripenitiz: “He will fometimes’ find, 
 ‘Melons vipen.too faft, but they are f-ldomr or never 
 “good, as proceeding rather from a fickly, (or vi- 
 ciots Roor, than ftom the Nature of the Plant, or, 
 Species of thofe I cultivate. 
 
 “ After twenty four Hours keeping, ot the next. 
 Day. after it has been gather'd (for fo long, con- 
 “trary to Vulgar Opinion, it fhould be preferv’d in 
 ~f{orhe fweet dry place) and not eaten immediately. 
 ‘ as it comes from the Garden : A perfect and tram- 
 {cendent Me/on will be full juicy, and without any 
 Vacuity Age! youll eafily difcern by rapping a, 
 lictle wirh vour Knuckles upon the outfide of the 
 ‘ Friit) the Meat fhould alfo be dry, or but.a little 
 ' Rorid meazing out of the Pulp; but by no means, 
 ‘* Watrith and Flathy. To this add a Vermillion Co- 
 eS Rab a grateful Flavor, and an high and Racy, 
 cc e, 
 
 rf Tay Refetve for Secd of that only which lies, 
 towards the Sunny fide of the Me/om, which being. 
 immediately cleans’d from its Mucilage, with a. 
 dry Linnen’ Cloth,.Referve in Boxes, or Papers, 
 in fome Temperate “and fweeter place. 
 MINT, or Spare-Mint, is multiplied only by Rez. 
 mers, that ‘arelike fo many Arms that fpring out of ics, 
 Tift, and take.roof, it is likewife propagated by“ cut. 
 tiaus, but beats no Seed. 
 
 Vis called in Frene h, Bela, when once planted | it 
 reeds no other par ticular Cultur ‘e, then being cutdowu, 
 clofe to the Ground every Year atthe end of Autumn,, 
 to make it fhoot out Store of tender Sprouts in the, 
 HA 8, Which are ‘mingled with the furnitures of 
 
 ee !s, for. them that love.them ; ’tis a little fpicy. 
 and perfiimed : It muft be renewed every three Years 
 at leaft, and placed always in good Earth; the Braz. 
 Bes, when c cut Off take oor at the place where they are 
 | cover'd, 
 
( Vol. Thee ompleat Gardner. 213 
 
 — cover’d, and by that means of one great T'u/t_we may 
 _.eafily make a great many, which are to be planted at 
 the diftance of a Foot one from the other ; in the 
 Winter likewife we plant fome thick Tivf7s of itupon 
 Hot-beds, and by taking care to cover them with-Be//s, 
 they {pring . very well for about ‘fifteen’ Days, and. 
 . peer ec sete WNL Pe 2)" , 
 MUSCATS, areakind of Grapes, which when they 
 attain to their natural goodnefs, are one of the moft 
 confiderable commodities. of a Kitchen-Garden, there 
 are three forts of them, viz. zelite, red, and black, the 
 _ wlyte is commonly the belt of the three, it requires a 
 temperate Country, and the expotitions of the Sou) 
 and Ea/?, and always a light Ground, we feldom fee 
 any goodin pure Earth, and ifit beinhor Climates, in 
 gravelly. and Sandy Grounds ; they _profper very well 
 upon Counter-Efpalliers, or Pole-bedge-trees, and even 
 in the open Air; their Goodnefs confifts in’ having 
 Farge, yellow, and crackling Berries, “and growing 
 -. thinein their Clufters, and in a rich musked Taft ; 
 » but yet not too ftrong like Spami/h ones. ‘The ‘Pro- 
 - vince of ‘T'vrzin produces admirable ones. Their Cu/-. 
 ‘ure is exactly the fame as the Chajfela’s Grapes, both 
 as to their Prwnimg, and manner of propagation. 
 ~The Long-Mufcat, called otherwifé the Pajfe- 
 Mufquee,is another fort of Garpe, whofe Bervy is big- 
 ger and more longifh than that of the ordinary AIu/- 
 cat, and its Clufter's are alfo longer, but yet its Tafte 
 is nothing near fo rich as that of the others. 
 
 N 
 
 NASTURCES, commonly called Capucin Capers, 
 are multiplied only by Seed, which is a kind of Pea 
 or Haricot, ot French Bean, which climbs and gets up 
 upon Branches or Poles which are near it; the Leaf 
 of it is pretty large, and the F/ower of an Orange Co- 
 lour; the figure of the Seed is a little pyramidal, di- 
 
 Fas Q 3 videl 
 
 Y 
 
214 © The Compleat Gardner. Vol. If. 
 vided by ribs, having all its fuperficies engraven and — 
 vipa all over, being of d gray colour, inclining — 
 to a light Cinamon: They are’ fown in Mot-Beds. a- 
 abour the end of Merch, or thé beginning. of ApriZ, 
 and afterwards are réplantéd, by fome IWal7 well ex- 
 pos'd. -The Seed eafily falls as foomas ever tis ripe, 
 as doth thatof Borage, and Bells de nuit, ot Night ee 
 cnes, and therefore they muft be catefully gather’d. 
 
 one 
 
 ONIONS, a8 well the white aS the red, are multi- 
 plied only. by Seed which asI have alredy faid, is 
 like that of Crbruls. eh: 
 They are either ved or white, which laft are fwee- 
 ter and more prized than the red ones, there’s no bé- 
 dy butknowshow many ufes they they fervefor; they 
 ate propagated only by Seed, which is commonly fown 
 about the latter end of February and beginning of 
 March, in Beds of good Earth, and well prepared, 
 and aiterwards raked with an Tron Rake to cover 
 them, as is done to other {mall Seeds: They mutt be 
 fown thin, that they may have room to grow to their 
 full bigneis, and therefore if they come up too thick, 
 they muft be thin’d; by pulling fome of them up as 
 {Gon as they are big enough, which is towards the. 
 Month of May, which we tranfplant in order to ufe 
 infiead of Cibouls. Though the ordinary Seafon for 
 {owing Ozions be at the end of Winter, yet we may 
 fow them in September, and tran{plant them afterwards 
 in May, by which means we may have fome full grown 
 at the very beginning of 7w/y, which we may gather, 
 plucking them firft out of che ground as foon as that 
 time comes; and then after we have dry’d them two. 
 or three days in the hot Sun, lay them up in fome 
 dry place, to keep all the Year in cafe of need. We 
 mult not forget when our Ozsens begin to appear with 
 - )* Dretty 
 

 
 Vol. 11. The Compleat Gardner? 245 
 pretty thick Stems above the Superficies of the Earth, 
 
 thatis, whenthey begin toadvance towaids their Ma- 
 
 BS Sm. pies Beatle 
 + 
 
 turity, to break them down either by tréading them. — 
 
 under’ our Feet, or witha Board prefs’d pretty hard ~ 
 down upon'them, becaufe by that means, the nou-_ 
 
 rifhment that was before {pent in their Stems, being 
 hindred from mounting upwards, will all remain and 
 fettle in that part, which (I think) is improperly 
 
 called the Head, and make it grow fo much the big- 
 get. 1 have already told you elfwhere, how their. 
 
 Seed is to be raifed. 
 P. 
 
 PARSLEY, as well the common as the curled fort, 
 is multiplied only by Seed, which is little and very .- 
 {mall and of a greenifh grey colour, and a litile ben-.. 
 
 ding inward on one fide, and all over ftreak’d with 
 
 little rifing Streaks from one end tothe other. Both ~ 
 fortsare of great ufe inKztchensall the Year long,as well. 
 
 for its Leaves as Roots ; it iscomprehended under the 
 
 title of Verdures, or green Pot-Herbs. We ought not. 
 
 to fail in the Spring, to fow a reafonable quantity of - 
 
 it in every Garden, and that pretty thick, and in good 
 and well prepared Ground. When its Leaves are cut 
 
 it fhoots out new ones, like Sorre/, it refifts well e- . 
 nough a moderate, but nota violent Cold, and there. 
 
 fore *tis beft to beflow fome covering on it in Winter, 
 to defend it. When we would have any of itto pro- 
 duce large Roots, we mmuft thin it in Beds or Borders 
 where it is fown, it requires pretty much wat'ring 
 in very hot Weather. There are fome who pretend 
 to havea kind of Parfley bigger than ordinary, but tor 
 my parti know no fuch kind. Thecur/ed Par fley ap- 
 pears more agreeable to the fight than the common 
 fort, but is nothing the better for that. We gather 
 our Parfley Seeds in Auguf? and September, 
 
 Q 4 P£RSLEY 
 

 
 216 . The Compleat Gardner. . Vol. Il. | 
 — . PARSLEY MACEDONIAN, or Aliifanders,isalfo 
 propagated only by Seed, which is pretty big and 
 oval, and a little more full and fwelling on one fide — 
 ‘than on the other, which bendsa little inward; ftreak’d 
 - throughout its whole length, and is ftreak’d a-crofs 
 onthe edges between the fides. = 2 
 It is one of the Furnitures: of our Winter, Sallads, 
 
 -which muft be whitened like our wild Endive or Suc- 
 
 gory, that is to fay, at the end of Autumm, wemutft 
 -cut downall its Leaves, and then cover the Bed where © 
 it grows, all over with long dry Dung, or ftraw ° 
 Screnes foclofe, that the Froft may not come at it, by 
 which means the new Leaves that fpring from it, 
 grow white, yellowifh, andtender. We fow itin the 
 Spring, pretty thin, becaufe it produces a great many 
 large Leaves, and we gather itsSeed the. latter end of 
 _. Summer ; itis a good hardy Plant, and defends it felf 
 pretty well from the Drought, without requiring much 
 watring. | . alnsne aurtht 
 PASS-PIERRE, Pierce-Pierre, that is; Pa/s or 
 Prerce-Stone, being a kind of Stone-Parfley, is multi- 
 plied only by Seed, which is more.long than round, 
 pretty big, of a greenifh gray:colour, ftriped on the 
 back and belly, and refembling a Lute in Shape. 
 PARSNIPS are multiplied only by Seed, which is 
 flat, and of a round figure, a little oval; and as if it 
 -were hem’d or edg’d; itreaked throughout its length, 
 and is of the Colour ofa brownifh Straw. ~ 
 _ They are afort of Roots well known in our Kitchens. 
 “We fow them towards the end of Winter, either inopen 
 Ground, or Borders, and that always. pretty thin, 
 and in good and-well prepared Ground; and if they 
 ‘come up too thick,. they muft-be thin’d as foon as 
 May comes-in, that they which are left may be the 
 -better. nourifh’d,.and-grow thefairersimy S107 . 
 PEASE, are multiplied only by. Seed; there are 
 ereat ones, little ones, white ones,. oF enewons 
 ty ane 
 
 ar 
 
 
 

 
 
 eae ee ee a ee ee 
 
 
 
 le ae ee es 
 
 Vol, WN. The Compleat Gard’ner, 217 
 and green ones; all. the World know they grow in 
 Cods, and are almoft round, and fometimes halt Hat. 
 
 They may be placed in the rank of Kitchen-Plints : 
 
 It is a good ruftical or hardy P/ant, which commonly 
 is fown in the open Field, without needing any: other 
 Culture than being weeded whilft it’s young, that is, 
 before it begins to cod;. but when they are proptthey 
 
 yeild more than when they are not: They require 
 | pretty good Ground, and a little Rain to make them 
 tender and delicate,. and muft be fown pretty thin. 
 
 , «Thereare feveral forts of them, viz. Haftings, green, 
 
 white and /quare ones; otherwife called /arge-codded 
 Peafe, &c. We may have of them in the Months of 
 May, June, Fulys Auguft, September, and October , 
 for to have fome all that while, after the firlt, we 
 have no more to do,- but to fow. them in different 
 Months, to have them fit for eating three Months atter. 
 Thofe forts of which we are moft- choice in Kitchen- 
 Gardens, are the Haftings both white and green, which 
 are - of a midling fize: We fow them at the end of 
 Oéfober, under the fhelter of fome Eaflern or Soutberg 
 Wall, and fometimes we alfo raife Ridges, or flop’d 
 Banks for that purpofe, and todifpofe them to come 
 up fo much rhe fooner when they are fown, we make 
 them {prout five or fix days -before, by laying them 
 _ to fteep two days in water, and afterwards laying 
 them ina place where the Coid cannot come at them 
 rill. their firft. Root begins to appear. Hard Weather 
 fpoils them quite, which is the reafon why all wecan 
 
 __. do willnot procure us-any good ones ‘tll the latter 
 
 end of May: We likewife fow fome upon Hot-Beds 
 at the end of Febrwary, in orderto-tran{plant them by 
 the fides of fome,well expofed Wall, in. cafe thofe 
 fown at the latter end of Ocfober preceding happen to 
 
 have been fpoiled by the Froft. -Our laft time of 
 
 fowing them is at Mid/ummer, to have them fit to 
 eat about A/-Ha/lowtide.. 
 
 PIMPERNEL. See Burnet. 
 
 
 
 
 
 POMPIONS, 
 
218 The (Compleat Gard’ ner. Vol. i. 
 
  POMPIONS, or Pumpions, or Pumkins. See G- 
 trulls. Li BOOES SES, ARS 
 PURSLAIN, as well of the green, as red or yel- 
 low fort, is multiplied only by Seed, which is black, 
 and extraordinary fmall, and of a half flat roundith 
 figure: To have a good Crop of this Seed, the Pur- 
 fain Plants muft be replanted at the end of May, at 
 a full Foot diftance one from the other ; the Seed 
 grows in little Husks or Shells, each of which contain 
 a great many ; and when we are to gather it, we cut 
 oft all the Heads from of the ftalks, and lay them to 
 dty a little in the Sun, and then we beat the Seed out, 
 and fan or skreenit. 
 
 : It is one of the prettyeft Plantsin a Kitchen Garden; . 
 
 which is principally ufed in Sa//ads, and fometimes in 
 
 Pottages, there are two forts of it, the green and the — 
 red or golden, this latter is the more agreeable to the 
 
 Fye and the more delicate and difficult to raife, fo 
 that in hard Weather we have much ado to make it 
 grow even upon Hot-beds, and under Bed/s, for it fel- 
 dom: profpers in open Beds *till about the middle of 
 
 May, and then too the Earth muft be very good, fweet 
 
 and very loofe, and the Weather very fair ; and there- 
 fore for our firft Purflain which we aré not to begin 
 to fow upon Hor-beds till towards the middle of 
 
 Merch, we touft ufe only the green fort, becaufe the 
 
 yellow or golden {ort dwindles away as {oon as it comes 
 up, unlets the Seafon be a little advanced, and the Sun 
 a little hot, which is towatds the end of Apri/: It is 
 commonly fown very thick, becaufeits Seed is fo very 
 
 {mall that it cannot be fown thin. When we fow _ 
 
 it upon Hot-beds, either when it is cold, and that by 
 confequence either GlafS Frames or Bell-Glafles are 
 
 needful, or in milder Weather, we only prefS down — 
 
 the Mox/d about it with our Hand, or with the Back 
 of aSpade ; but when we fow it in open Beds, which 
 muft be well prepared for that purpofe; we rake it 
 
 , | over 
 
 i a ie ae Nr 9 greed IS A KO iy 
 

 
 “eS 
 
 
 
 — Vole WH. = The Compleat Gard’ner. 219 
 over five or fix times with anIron Rake, to make the 
 Seed enter into the Ground. — 
 
 The way to raife Seed from it, is to tranfplant fome 
 Plants of itthat are big enough, into Beds well prepa- 
 ted, atthe diftance of eight or ten Inches, the Months 
 of Fane and Fu/y are proper for that effect, and then 
 in a little time after, they are run up, and have done 
 flow’ring ; as foon as ever we perceive any of their 
 Husks to open, and difcover fome black Seed, we 
 muft cut down all their Stems, and lay them fome 
 Days in the Sun, till all the Seed be quite ripened, and — 
 then we beat them out, and winnow them, &c. We 
 muft be careful to tranfplant each fort a-part by it 
 felf, that we may not be miftaken in the Seed when 
 we are tofow it. The thick Stalks of Pur/lain that is 
 tO run to Seed, are good to pickle in Salt and Vinegar 
 for Winter Sallads. 
 
 
 
 R. 
 
 RADISHES, are multiplied by Sced, which isround, 
 ‘pretty thick, and of a redifh Cinamon Colour ; it 
 grows in a-kind of little Cods. 
 
 When Radi/bes are qualified with all the goodnefs 
 they {hould have, that is, when they are tender, 
 {nap eafily, and.are fweet, ate in my opinion one of 
 the P/ents that give the moft pleafure of any in, our 
 Kitchen Gardens, and that give it as oftenand as long 
 as any of them all, and 1 look upon themas a kind of 
 Manna in our Gardens. There feems to be no great 
 care fequired to make them grow, it being indeed on- 
 ly necellary to fow them prety thin, in well prepa- 
 red loofe and mellow Farzb, and to water them 
 foundly in dry Weather, and with this Cu/twre they 
 will attainall the perfeCtionthey arecapable of. But 
 the main Points hear in queftion, are nrit, to be id: 
 ways provided with Seed of a good kind ; and fecond- 
 ly, take order to have Radi/hes without difcontinu- 
 
 3 ) it ation 
 
 
 
220. The (Compleat Gard'ner. Vol. I. ‘, | 
 
 ation from February, *tillthe coming in of the Frolts 
 in the beginning ot November : The Seed which is of 
 a good kind, is that which produces few Leaves, and 
 a long red Root, for there are {ome which produce a 
 great many Leaves, and little Roofs; and when once 
 we ate provided with Sced of a good kind; we muft 
 be extreatn careful to propagate it in fome well pre- 
 pared Spot of Ground, a Foot and a half afunder ; 
 ‘Being fo tranfplanted, they willrun up, Hower, ‘and 
 yeild Secd ripe enough to gather by the end of Fu/y; 
 and then we cut down all their Szems, and after they 
 _have been dry’d fome days in the San, we beat out 
 
 the Séed, ‘and: winnow it, Gat es 
 
 Thofe Stocks of them that.mn to Seed, fhoot up. 
 their Branches. to fuch a heighth, and pulh out théir 
 Flowers {fo far, as if they knew not were to ftop, and 
 therefore it is good to pinch off thofe Brayches to a 
 reafonable leagth, that the firft Pods may be the better 
 nourifhed. 
 
 But it is not enough to raife good Seed, we muft 
 likewife take order to be fupplied with good Redifhes 
 tor eight or nine Months in the Year : The farft that 
 are eaten’ grow in Hor-beds, the mannér or raifing 
 which ] have explain’d in the Works of November , 
 and by the means of thofe Hor-beds we may have 
 fome during the Months of Fedrzary, March, and A- 
 prif, ocherwife not; and in order to have fome all 
 the other Months, we muft fow fome among all man- 
 ner of Sceds, they coming up fo very quickly, that 
 we have time to gather our Redi/hes before they can 
 do any harm to the other Plants. Radifhes are ex- 
 treamly apprehenfive of the exceflive Heats in Swm- 
 mer, which makes them grow {trong as they term it, 
 too biting, itringy, and fometimes very hard; and 
 therefore in that Seafon we fhould fow them in loofe 
 mellow Ground, where the Sun fhines but little ; and 
 the beft way will be to make up a Bed or twe for that 
 purpole along the fides of fome Northern Wall, ae 
 
 dis : with 
 
 
 

 
 Vol. W. = rhe Compleat Gardner, = 220 
 with Mou/l to the depth of a large Foot anda haif, 
 and tofow our Reddi/hes, there, and water them well. 
 In Spring.and Antimn, when. the Sun is not fo hor, 
 Radifbes take well enough in open Ground, and’ ‘in 
 the open Air. m | hota 
 
 RASSBERRIES, both red and white,are propagated 
 only by S/ips that fprout out of their Stocks every 
 Year in-the Spring time, and are fit to teplant the 
 next Spring after. z 
 
 Both the white and the red begin to ripen about the 
 beginning of 7u/y: They are planted in March, either 
 in Beds or Borders, obferving the diftance of two Foot 
 between Plant and Plant; they fhoot out during the — 
 Summer many well rooted Suckers, fome of which we 
 take away to make new Plantations, by which means 
 the old ones are likewife renewed, for they aredry as 
 foon as their Frwit isgatherd. The only Cz/ture uted 
 to them is, firft, in the Month of March to f{horten 
 all their new Shoots which we perceive round about 
 theStock, and which ought only to be thickeft and hand. 
 fomeft;, and in the fecond place, to pluck away all . 
 eae ones, as likewife the old. ones that are 
 lead. 
 
 REPONCES, or wid Radifhes, are propagated on- 
 ly by Seed, and are a fort of little Radifhes that are. 
 eaten in Sallads, and grow without any Pains in che. 
 Fields. 7 hauls 
 
 ROCAMBOLES, are a fort of mild Garlick, other- 
 wile called Spamifh Garlick, which is multiplied both ™ 
 by C/oves and by Seed, which latter is about the big- | 
 nefS of ordinary Pea/e.. | AFM 
 
 ROCAMBOLES. See Shallots. 
 
 ROCKET, being one of theSe//ad Furnitures, is 
 multiplied by Seed, which is extream little, and of a’ 
 Cinamon, or dark Tan Colour. es vate 
 
 "Tis fown in the Sprimg, its Leaf is pretty like that, 
 of Raddifhes. * 7 ‘ gerninitbig, chin emt 
 
 v 
 
 ROSE- 
 
222 The (ompleat Gardner, Vol. MI, 
 ROSE MARY, is a litcle,very odoriferous Shrub, 
 
 that is propagazed by Sced or Branches that have fome 
 fhare of Raor. Gan hee 
 
 Itis principally ufed for the perfuming of Chambers, 
 and in Decottions for wafhing the Feet, it is multi- 
 plied in the fame manner as Rue, and other Border 
 Plaats, and lalts five or fix Years in its place. 
 
 RUE, is multiplied by Seed, whofe fhape refembles 
 that ofa Cocks Stone; ivisof a black Colourand rug- 
 ged; but yet we ufually propagate it rather by its 
 Layers and Cutizngs, than by its Seed. 
 
 "Tis a Plant of avery {trong Smell, of which we 
 plant fome Borders in our Gardens, and is hardly of 
 any ufe but againft the vapours of the Mother. 
 
 5. 
 
 _ SAGE, ismultiplied only by a kind ofhooked Sips 
 that have a little Root. 3 
 Ie is a Border Plant, whole Culture hath nothing of 
 particular, but is like that of the ether Bordcr-berbs, 
 as Rofemary, Lavender, Wormwood, &c. ‘There is a 
 fort that is party-cloured, which to fome People ap- 
 pears more agrecable than the common Sage, which 
 is of a palifh green Colour. 
 
 SALSIFIE, or Goats-beard, the common fort is 
 multiplied only by Seed, which is almoft like in all 
 things to Scorzonera, except in its Colour, which is 
 alictle grayer, it is of a very long oval Figure, as if 
 it were fo many little Cods all over ftreaked, and as 
 it were engraven in the Spaces between the Streaks, 
 which are pretty {harp pointed towards the ends. 
 ¢ SPANISHS ALSIFT, orScorzanera, isoneof 
 ourchiefeft Roots, whichis multiplied by Seed.as well as 
 the others, and is admirable good boiled, both for 
 the pleafure of the Tafte, and the health of tlre Body. 
 
 Ic is propagated only by Seed whichis fown in March, 
 we muft be careful to /ow it very thin, whether ‘i 
 | C 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 — Voli. = The Compleat Gardner. 223 
 be in Beds or Borders, or elfe at leaft to thinit after. 
 — wards, that its Roots may grow the bigger. Scorzo- 
 neratunsup to Seed in Fune and Fuly, and is gather’d 
 as foon as itis ripe. | | | 
 SAS IFY Common, is another fort of Root cultiva- 
 ted after the fame manner as the preceding one, but 
 is not altogether fo very excellent ; they eafily pafs 
 the Winter in the Ground, it is good to water both 
 forts of them in dry Weather, and to keep them well 
 weeded, and efpecially to put them into good Earth 
 well prepared, of at leaft two full Foot deep. 
 SAMPHIRE, called in French Pierce Pierre, is one 
 of our Sal/ad Furnitures, that is multiplied only by 
 Seed, and which being by naturevery delicate; requires 
 to be planted by the. fides of Walls expofed to the 
 South or Haft, the cpen Air and great Cold being 
 pernicious to it.. We ufually fow it in fome Pot 
 or Ib filled with Mould or elfe on fome fide Bank 
 towards the South or Eaff, and that in March or A- 
 _ prif, and afterwards tran{plant it in thofe places above 
 mentioned. ae : | 
 ‘Tis akind of Stone Parfley, multiplied only by Seed 
 which is more long than round, .and pretty big, of a 
 _greenifh gray Colour, ftriped on the Back and Belly, 
 and refembling a Lute in fhape. | a 
 SHALLOTS, or E/chalots, are multiplied by Of- 
 fets or Kernels which grow about the Foot of its Plant, 
 and are about the bignefs of a Philberd Nut. 
 SHALLOTS, or Rocomboles, otherwife Spanifb-Gar- 
 lick, requires no other Cu/ture than common Garlick, 
 and are particularly remarkable, that there Seeds are 
 as good to eat, as their C/oves taken out of the Earth. 
 Their Seed is large, and ferves to propagate them as 
 well as the Cloves or Kerne/s that compofe their Root. 
 SMALLAGE, ismultiplied only by Seed, whichis 
 reddifh, and pretty big, of a roundifh oval Figure, 
 a little more full and rifing on one fide than the o- 
 ther, and is ftveaked from one end to the other. 
 | SAVORY, 
 
ee nn? ee eee,” \ ee SS ee eee ee, ce 2” ee ee ee a ee oe Fn el 
 
 (2240 The: Compleat Gardner, Vol. Ik 
 
 SAVORY, is an annual Plant, ‘a little odorifetous: 
 
 which grows only from Seed, and whofe Leaves aré 
 
 ufed to fome Rageous, and particularly among ‘Pea/e, 
 
 Borders. | 
 
 and Beans , it is fown in the Spring either in Beds or’ 
 
 ~ SORREE, as well the lefler fort, which is the com. 
 
 mon one, as the greater one, are both multiplied on- 
 ly by Seed, whichis very {mall, flick, atid of a trian- 
 
 gular oval Figure, the ends of it being fharp and: 
 pointed, and being of an excellent dark Cinamonr 
 
 Colour. . iV of 
 ROUND-SORREL is propagated only by S/ps, or 
 
 Runners, fo that out of one Tuft we may eafily make’ 
 
 feveral Plants of it. af 
 WOOD-SORREL, or French Sorrel. See Allelvia. 
 
 Sorrel, in Kitchen-Garden Terms, is placed une’ 
 
 der the Title of Verdures, or green Pot-Herbs, and 
 accordingly is much fed inthe Pot. There ate fome 
 forts of it that produce larger Leaves than others, 
 
 which are called Sorre/ of the greater fort ; all the’ 
 forts may befown in March, April, May, Fune, Fu- 
 
 ly, and Amgw/?, and in the begining of September 
 
 too, provided they be allowed time futficient to grow ° 
 
 big enough to refift the rigour of the Winter: We 
 
 tow Sorre/ either in open Ground, or elfe in ftraight- 
 Rows, or Furrows, in Beds or Borders, in all which _ 
 
 cafes it muft be fown very thick, becaufe many ofits 
 
 Plants perith: It requires a Ground that is naturally - 
 
 good, orelfe well improved with Dung. Its Cudture. 
 
 confilts in being kept clear from leeds,in being well 
 vaterd, and being cover’d with a little Mould once - 
 a Year after it’s frft cutdownto the ground. That . 
 
 Mould ferves to give it new Vigour, andthe Seafons 
 
 moft proper for applying it is in the hot Months of * 
 
 the Year. 
 
 It ismoft commonly multiplied by Seed, tho’ fome-* 
 times we tranfplant. fome of it that thrives® very* 
 well; we gather its Seedin Fu/yand Auguft, ‘There’ 
 
 i$ 
 
 
 
 Sot eee os at ae 
 
 i i ae is 
 

 
 EE Gen pea UN ROMINA MRE aL 9 RNR PTNOE SENG M TCT Nas Ey 
 hes Pe 
 . 
 
 
 
 Vol. il.’ The Compleat Gardner. 225 
 
 is a particular fort of Sorre/, called round Sorrel, for 
 the roundne{s of its Leaves, whereas thofe of the o- 
 ther fort are {harp aud pointed ; the tender Leaves of 
 this fort are fometimes mixed with Sallad Furnitures, 
 but it is ordinarily ufed in Bewil/ons, or thin Broths ; 
 it is msltiplied by running Branches that take root in 
 the Earth as they run over it, which being taken off 
 and tranfplanted, produce thick Tufts, which al{o 
 produce other Runners, and fo 7 infinitum. 
 _SPINAGE is multiplied only by Seed, which is 
 pretty big and horned, or triangular on two fides, ha- 
 ving its Corners very {harp pointed and prickly, and 
 the other part which is oppofite to thofe two pointed 
 Horns is like a Purfe, of a greyith colour. 
 
 It requires the beft Ground,or at leaft that which is 
 moft amended, or improved. They are multiplied on- 
 ly by Seedjewe fow them either in open Ground, or. 
 elfe in Furrows in f{traight Rows upon well prepared 
 Beds, and this we do feveral times in the Year, begin- 
 ning about the fixteenth of Augu/?, and finifhing a 
 Month: after ; the firlt are fit to cut about the middle 
 of Offober, the fecond in Lent, and the laft in Rogz- 
 tion time ; thofe which remain after Winter run up 
 to Seed towards the end of May, which we gather 
 about themiddle of Fuze: When they are once cut, 
 they {pring up no more as Sorre/does. All their Cu/- 
 ture confilts in keeping them clear from Weeds, and 
 if the Autumn prove very dry, it is notamifs to wa- 
 _ ter them fometimes... They are never traniplanted, 
 no more than Chervil, Creffes, &c. 
 
 SKERRETS, are a fort of Roots propagated by 
 Seed, and cultivated like other Roots, as is directed 
 in the Month of March. 
  . STRAW BERRY P/ants,as well the whiteas the red, 
 and thofe called Caprons,are propagated only by Run- 
 _ ners, which are produced by .a kind of Thread or 
 _ Strings,which f{pringing out of ea Body of the Plant, 
 
 | F erie nd 
 
yy ee ae ew ee ee ore Ss 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 we 
 t 
 
 226 The Compleat Gardner. Vol. Ih, — 
 and creeping along upon the Earth, eafily enough — 
 take Root at certain Joints. or Knots about a foot 
 diftance one from the other ; which Knots coming to 
 take Root, make new Plants, which in two or three 
 Months time are fit to be trantplanted ; they are plae’d 
 three or four of them together to make what we 
 call a Luft. | 
 STRAWBERRIES : It is obferved thata Plantation — 
 of them taken out of the Woods, turns to better ac- 
 count when tranfplanted, than one flipt off fromthe 
 Garden Strawberries. We plant them either in Beds 
 or Eerders, both which muttbe well prepared, amen- 
 ded, and labour’d, and ftir?’'d up in one manner or 
 other: It it be dry or fandy Ground, both the Beds 
 and Borders mutt be funk a litthe lower than the A//eys 
 or Patb-ways, the better to retain the Rain that falls, 
 and the Water we beftow on them; a contrary courle 
 nuftbe taken, if we plant them in ftrong, heavy, and 
 fat Fath, that is almoft pure Clay, becaufe excef- 
 five Mo:fture rors the Roots: We place them ufual- 
 ly nine or ten inches afunder, putting two or three 
 Plants in one hole, which is made with a Planting- 
 Stick , the belt time to plantthem,is during the whole 
 Month of May, and the beginning of Fame,that is to 
 ~ fay, beiote the great Heat comes in; we may alfo 
 plant them all the Summer Seafon in rainy weather. 
 \c is particularly requifite to plant Nur/eries of them 
 in/HMay, and that injome place near the North quar- 
 ter, the better to fhelter them trom the violent Heat. 
 of the Summer Sun ; and then we plant then? about 
 three or four inches afunder: but when they are 
 grown big enough there, we trantplant them after- 
 wards in September,in order to make Beds or Squares 
 of them,according as we find occafionto havea grea- | 
 ter or lefS quantity of them. Their Cultute confifts: 
 chiely, Frr/?, in wateting them well in dry Seafons; 
 Second/y, inteaving but a moderate number of Stems 
 or upright Shoots, to every Sock three or four of ee: 
 pas mo 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 i 
 if 
 1 
 
 Voi fl. The Compleat Gardner. 2 ie 
 
 moft vigorous Shoots being enough ; in the third place, 
 
 “in leaving but three or four Strawberries of them that 
 
 appeared firft and neareft the Stock on every Stem, 
 and therefore we mult pinch otfall their other nu- 
 merous Blofloms that grow out at the end of thofe 
 that have already bloifum’d, or are {till in bloffom, 
 becarfe none but the firft produce any fair Srraw- 
 berries, fearce any ot the laft being ever known to 
 knit, or come to any Perfection, but when we are 
 careful to pinch them off judicionfly, we may be af 
 fured always to have good Strawberries. J haveal- 
 ready given DireCtions inthe Works of the Month of 
 february, how to raife hafting Strawberries. Curi- 
 ous Perfons have ufually two Strawberries of two 
 feveral Colours, viz. ved and white, but they place 
 them in feveral Beds. The great Enemy to Straw- 
 berry-Plantations, are the Tons, which are great 
 white Worms, that in the Month of May and Fune 
 gnaw the Neck of their Roots, and {o kill them: To 
 prevent which, in thofe Months we fhould carefully 
 fearch every Day, under the Reots of all the Straw- 
 berries that begin to wither,where we fhall commonly 
 find one of thef2 great Worms, which after they have 
 done a mifchief to one, pafSon to do the like to o- 
 ther Strawberry-P/ants,and kill them in like manner. 
 
 Strawherry-Plants bear very well the Year after 
 their planting, if planted in Afay, but yield very in- 
 differently if not planted till September after they are 
 taken out of the Woods; yet in the fecond Year 
 they bear wonderfully ; but thatbeing paft, they pro- 
 
 _ duce very pitifully, and therefore *tis good to renew 
 
 them every two Years: It is likewiflé very conve- 
 nient to cut off every Year their old Tops, when the 
 Strawberries ate gone, which is commonly atthe lat- 
 ter end of Fu/y. ‘The earlieft Strawberries that ripen 
 towards the end of May, are thofe that are planted 
 by the fides of Southern spe mt Walls, and bey 
 
 NO that 
 
Ue Ol Wi ee ah aia oo NT ae es se Ne a eat aR pA Wh ce Bile a, 
 
 228 The Compleat Gard’ner. Vol. VI. — 
 
 that rinen laft, are fuch as are planted ina Northern 
 
 -Expolition. 
 SUCCORT See Endive. 
 
 i 
 TLME is multiplicd by Seed which is very 
 
 fall, fometimes we feparate thofe Plants or Stems ~ 
 
 of it that produce feveral rooted Slips or Suckers, 
 to replant them in Borders ; for Time is feldom 
 planted otherwife. 
 
 ?Tisan odoriferous Plant, which is multiplied as 
 well by Seed as rooted Branches or Slips.. A Bor- 
 der of Lime is a confiderable and neceflary Ornament 
 in our Kitcben-Garden. | 
 
 TRIPE-MADAM, is propagated both by Seed, 
 and Cuttings or Slips, evety Stem or Stock of it pro- 
 duceth feveral. Arms,- which being feparated and re- 
 planted, eafily take Root again; the Seed of itis 
 grey, and longifh, and almoft of the fhape of Par/- 
 ley feed ; theie grows a great deal cf it upon every 
 Seed-ftalk, which runs up above one another like 
 thofe of Seed Carrots, &c. there are feven or eight 
 
 of them ina fort of little open Cup, where they ~ 
 
 etow tripe, after the falling of a little yellow Flower 
 inclining toan Olive Colour. 
 
 Itis one of our Sallad-Furnitures, ufed chiefly in 
 the Spring when ’tis tender, a little of it ought to 
 ferve inthe Summer, becawfe it is then too tough ; 
 cis multiplied both by Seed and Cuttings. 
 
 TURNEPS are multipled only by Seed which is — 
 
 almoft like thatof Cebbage. | 
 
 They are not properly Kitchen-Garden Plants, but 
 yet where they are {pacious, they may be admitted 
 into them. They are fown very thick in Beds, fome 
 
 in Jlarch, and others in Auguff,; we gather their a 
 Seed in 7u/y and Auguft : Every Body fo well knows ~ 
 hae the 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Vol. I. The Compleat Gardner? 229 
 
 the ufe of them, that I need not fay any more on 
 this point. | 
 
 TARRAGON is one of the perfuming or fpicy 
 Furnitures of our Sallads, it is propagated both by 
 rooted. Slips, and Seed, it fprings again feveral 
 times after itis cut; it endures the Winter, and 
 needs but little watering in the drieft Weather in 
 Summer; when we plantit, we muft allow eight or 
 - nin2 inches diftance between Plant: and Plant in the 
 Beds; the beft time to plant in, is in March and 
 Apri, which hinders not but that we may tranfplanc. 
 it again in the Summer Seafon. : 
 
 v. 
 
 
 
 VINES, of all forts, whether white, red, 6c. aré 
 multiplied by Layers, by hooked or bent Slips, and 
 efpecially couched, and laftly by grafting cleti-wife. 
 
 VIOLET Plants, aswell the double as fingle fort, 
 and of what colour foever they be, though they pro- 
 duce Seed in little reddifh Shells or Husks,, yet are 
 multiplied only by the Slips they produce,each Plane 
 or Stock of them growing infenfibly into a great 
 - Tuft, which is divided into feveral little ones,which 
 being replanted, grow in time big enough to be like- 
 wife divided into others. > 
 
 VIOLETS, efpecially the double ones,ferve tomake 
 pretty Borders inour Kitchen-Gardens ; their Flowers 
 make a very agreeable Figure when they are artfully 
 placed on the Superficies of Spring Sallads. Every 
 Body Knows that they are propagated by Tufts, that 
 is, by dividing one great Tutt into feveral little ones, 
 which likewife in time grow thick, and fit to be di- 
 vided into other little ones. 
 
 oe WOR AL 
 
230 © The Compleat Gardner. = Vol. Mf. q 
 
 W. 
 
 ~WORMWO0D is multiplied hy Seed, which is 
 of a pretty odd figure, being a little bent inward in 
 its fimallet part, and a little open on the other end, 
 
 which is bigger and rounder, and upon which there 
 
 is a little black fpot; its Colour is yellowifh at the 
 bigger end, and its fharper end inclines to black; its 
 Seed is feldom ufed, becaufe it is very difficult to 
 fan, being very light; and therefore when we have 
 need of propagating lVormwood, we make ufé rather 
 of its Cuttings that are a little rooted. 
 
 The Péants of this and all other P/azts placed in 
 Berders or Edgings,which are thereforecalled Border- 
 Plants, as of Iime, Lavender,’&c. are planted by a 
 Line, and at the diftance of two or three inches, 
 and five or fix inches deep in the Ground. Itis good 
 to clip them every Spring, and to renew them every 
 two Years, and to take away their oldeft and de- 
 cayed Stocks, their Seed is gathered. about the 
 Month of Augu/t. | 
 
 fo} 
 
 
 
 ee eee 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Seite aS ae gai 1 5 ee rs” aie 
 i oe r 
 
 ~The Compleat Gard’ner, 230 
 
 
 
 I. 
 
 ~ 
 
 Vol. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 suas ay 
 
 Gardner's Kalendar, 
 ~-Diretting what is to . done ina 
 KITCHEN-GARDEN 
 
 Every Monts in the W hae: 
 
 With what 
 
 feed) U-C rs 
 We may have from our Gardens in every 
 | : Month in the Year. 
 
 AND 
 
 ‘How to know if any thing be wanting, which it 
 _ thould be ftock’d with in every Month. 
 
 Works to be done in a Kitchen-Garden, 7 the 
 Month of January. 
 
 RUNE all forts of Trees, whether Dwarf or 
 & Wall-Trees, to prepare fome of them to plantas - 
 foon as ever the Ground fhall be open after the hard 
  Froits, and the melting of the Snow that cover’d it. 
 MakeTrenches to plantIrzesdig Moulds to amend 
 _ them;dig round the feer either of Ices over-luxuriant, 
 o RK 4 to 
 
‘232 The Compleat Gard mr. — Vol. IL. 
 
 to cut off their thick Roots, and by that means to 
 
 make them fructifie, or of {uch as are infirm, to || 
 
 trim and rediefs them. 
 
 Make Hot-beds to fow forward Coucumbers, and 
 Sallads in, whether in Rows or little Furrows, or 
 under Bells, tomake Skieens to cover thofe Seeds j in 
 cafe of need. 
 
 The firft Hor-beds for Cowcumbers,as alfo for Musk ; 
 mellons, are ufually made at the very beginning of 
 the Month, and at the fame time we may se Hot- 4 
 beds for Mufkrooms. 
 
 Heat or force Afparagus. 
 
 Heat Beds of Sorre/, Patience, Borage, &c. . 
 
 Raife on Hot-beds, ‘Facinths, Narciffi juss of Con- 
 fiantinople, and fome T “lips, KC. 
 
 Pull down the Hor-beds of the laft Year, to take 
 the rotten Dung that compofed them, and lay i it upon 
 thofe Grounds we would amend or meliorate. © 
 
 Lay apart fome Moulds to have them at hand: to 
 prepare tor the Hot-beds, alfo clear andcleanfe the 
 
 places of the Het-beds, in order to the making of . 
 
 new ones. 
 
 Tie up with Bands of Straw, the tops of the Leaves 
 of long Lettuce which have not cabbaged, to make 
 them cabbage, or at leaftto whiten them when they 
 are grown big enough forit. 
 
 Raife fome Strawberries wpon Hot-beds, to have 
 them ripe-inztpri/ and May. 
 
 Dung Fig I7vees in order to have early Figs. 
 
 And in fine, advance the doing by little and little, 
 all that the ¢ Spring seafon is wont to do, with an €x- 
 traordinary expedition. — 
 
 Plant Trees in Baskets, pot and cafe re Tr CCS 5 
 lay Vine and Fre ‘Tree Eranches, clear your Trees of 
 Mafs.if troubled with it, which is done beft in Rainy 
 Weather, with the back of aKnite or fom fach In- 
 ftrument. 
 
 But 
 
 e 
 
 
 

 
 Vol. I. . The € ompleat Gardner. 233 
 But it would bz to little purpofe to know what 
 to do, without being informed how to do it, and 
 therefore for your Inftru€tion in Pruning, I reter 
 you to the Fourth Book, in which, my having treat- 
 ed throughly on that Subject, may excufe me from 
 {peaking any more of it now. | | 
 
 As to the way of making Hot-beds, firit you muft 
 Know they are to be made only with long Hotfe- 
 dung, or Mule-dung, whichis to be either all new, 
 or mixed with athird part at moft of old, provided 
 it be dry, and not rotten, for that which is rotten is 
 not at all proper to make Hot-beds, no more than 
 the Dung of Oxen, Cows, Hogs, &+. as well becaufe 
 it has little or no heat, as becaufe ordinarily thefe 
 kinds of rotten Dunk are accompanied with an un- 
 pleafing fmell, that infects the Plants raifed upon 
 fuch Beds, and gives thema fcurvy tafte. - 
 
 By new long Dung is to be underftood, that which 
 is taken from under the Horfes, and has ferved them 
 for Litter one Night, or two at motft. 
 
 By long old Dung, is meant that which has been 
 piled up ever fince it was new, in a dry place, where 
 it has lain all Summer, to be ready to be ufed, el- 
 ther to. make coverings for Fe ‘Trees, Artichoaks, 
 Endive, &c. againtt the Winter Cold, or to make 
 Hot-beds after the ordinary manner, which is thus 
 performed. 
 
 After we have marked out, and proportioned the 
 place where the Bed is'tobe,and marked out likewife 
 with a Cord or with Stakes of what breadthit muft be, 
 there muft be brought a rank of Baskets tull of long 
 Dung, one at the tail of another, beginning the rank 
 orrow where the Bed is to end; which done, the 
 Gardner begins to work where the rank of Baskets 
 ends, that fo the Dung, not being intangled with any 
 thing lying upon it, may more eafily and handfomly 
 be wrought into: the Bed. Thenthe Gardner takes 
 up this Dung with a Fork,and if he be any thing han- 
 7 dy 
 
 
 
 “ 
 
234 The Compleat Gardner. Vol. We 
 
 dy,places it fo neatly and tightly in laying every lay- ; 
 
 er of his Bed, that all the Straw-ends of the Dung 
 are turned inwards ; and what remains,ferves to make 
 a kind of Back, or Fence on the outfide. The firft 
 Layer being thus compleated exactly to the breadth 
 that is marked out, which is commonly of about — 
 four foot ; and to fuch a length as is thought fit, the 
 Gard’ner proceeds to lay the iecond, third, €%c. beat- 
 ing them with the back of his Fork, or elfe treading 
 them with his Feet, to feeif there beany detett; be- 
 caufe the Bed muit be equally ftuti’d every where, 
 fo that no one part may not be lefs ftrong of Dung 
 thananother; which being done, he continues it to 
 the defign’d length, proportionating it {till by Layers, 
 till the Bed reach the length, breadth and heighth it 
 ' fhould have ; which heighth is of between two or 
 three foot when it is firft made, for it will fink a full 
 foot when it is fettled. : 
 _ Inthe fecond place,there are other Hot-Beds which — 
 are to ferve for Mu/hrooms in all the Seafons of the 
 Year, and {uch may be made every Month, tho’ they 
 act not till about three Months after they are made, 
 aid that is,whenall their great bear being quite {pent, 
 they are grown mouldv within: This fort of Beds are 
 made in a new, fandy Ground, in which is firft made 
 a Ivench of about fix inches deep; then wecover them 
 with a Layer of about two or three inches thick of 
 the fame Kerth, they are raifed in form of an Afs’s 
 Back, and over the covering ot Earth we lay another 
 of fiveor fix inches of long dry Dung, which ferves 
 in Winter to fhelter the Alu/hrooms trom the Froft, 
 which deftroys them; and in the Summer, from the 
 great Heats that broil them; and likewife to prevent 
 the fame mifchievous ettects of the fame exceflive 
 Heat, we further take care to water thefe Mafhroom- 
 beds twice or thricea Week. 
 As for the breadth of Hot-Beds, it fhould be in all 
 | forts 
 
 
 

 
 ea eee eee Ce en eae Ae 
 
 
 
 Vol. Tl. 
 forts of them of about’ four foot, and their heighth 
 mutt be of between two and three when they are firft 
 made, becaufe they fink afterward a full foot, when 
 once the great Heat is paft: As to the length, that 
 is to be regulated by the quantity of Dung we have 
 to make them with; fo that according to that, we 
 make of them feveral lengths: But in heighth and 
 breadth, all Beds fhould be as near as may be alike 
 proportioned. 
 
 But before we fow or replant any thing whatfoever 
 upon any new made Hot-beds, the firft Precaution we 
 muft obferve, is, To ftay fix er feven Days, and 
 fometimes ten or twelve, to give the Bed time firft 
 to heat ; and afterwards, to give time for that 
 heat which is very violent, to abate confiderably - 
 this abatement appears when the whole Bed is funk, 
 and when thrufting down our Hand into the Mould, 
 we perceive in it but a moderate heat: Then itis 
 we ateto begin handfomly to fhape out and adjuft 
 the Mould; for which purpofe, the Gard’xer mult 
 make ufé of a Board of a foot broad,which he places 
 upon the fides of the Bed, about two inches from 
 the edge; and joining clofe to the Mould; and having 
 thus placed it,he endeavours to keep it firm and tight, 
 as well with his Left-Hand and Knee, as with the 
 ftrength of his whole Body ; and then with his Right- 
 Hand he begins at one end to prefs down the. Mould 
 -againit the Board, fo hard, till he brings it to fo 
 fism a confiftence, that how light and loofe foever it 
 were before of its own Nature, yet it may be able 
 to keep up it felf alone when the Board is taken 
 away, as wellas if it werea folid Body. When the 
 Mould is thus adjufted to the whole length of the 
 Board, thenhe removes the Board to another place, 
 and fo continues till he has performed the fame ope- 
 ration onall tides of the Bed: And if the Board 
 be a little longer, and conféquently a little more un- 
 weildy than ordinary, then theremuft be two cr three 
 
 Perfons 
 
 
 
 The C ompleat Gard ner. 235 
 
 ae he, 
 
 ig Bl 
 
236 The (ompleat Gardner. Vol. IL. 
 
 perfons join together to work in the fame manner, 
 and at the fame time, to adjuft this Mould ; or if the 
 Gardner be all alone, he mult keep the Board tight 
 with fome Pins faftened in the fides of the-Dung- 
 Bed already adjufted ; and when the thing is done, 
 the Mould thall have at leafta full half foot extent 
 lefS on every fide, than the lower part of the Bed ; 
 and in its oblong fquare Figure, appear as even as 
 if it were a Bed formed on the plain Ground: Af 
 ter which the Beds are to be employed for thofe 
 
 occafions that firft obliged us to make them. All a 
 
 things in them would either perifh, or be much en- 
 damaged, if we fowed or planted in them fooner, or 
 if we fhould delay our doing it any longer. The 
 Heat of the Bed, may laft ina condition to be able 
 to perform well its effects for about ten or twelve 
 Days, after it is fown or planted, but when that time 
 is paft, if we perceive the Bed to be too much cooled, 
 we muft renew the heat with fome new long Dung, 
 or frefh warm Litter apply’d round about it, both to ™ 
 recruit the heat, and to maintain it afterwards in 
 that good temper in which it fhould be, and in 
 which it was before, when we begun to fow and 
 plant there; fothat the Plants inftead of wafting a- 
 way or petifhing there, they may increafe and thrive 
 vifibly,as they fhould do. Itis not fo very needful to tell 
 you that when aMan has two Beds next one anather, 
 one recruiting of heat will ferve for both, becaufe 
 there’s no body but knows it; but itis good to know 
 that this recruiting of heat between two Beds, fhould 
 not be by a great deal fo ftrong as when there is 
 but one; for the ordinary interval or fpace left be- 
 between two Beds for the path being about the 
 breadth of one. full foot, a little Dung will ferve 
 to fill it up; and that new heat is reciprocally 
 Maintained in its vigour by the neighbourhood 
 of the two Beds that border on each fide upon 
 it; but when there is but one Bed, our addition of 
 
 Dung 
 
 
 
Vol. 1. = The Compleat Gardner. 237. 
 Dung for a new Heat, muft he at leaft two foot |» 
 broad all along the whole length of the Bed, andto’ 
 its full heighth, and many times it muft be higher 
 than that. 
 
 ~ When we are to renew the Heat, it is not always 
 neceflary to make an application of new Dung, it be- 
 ing many times fufficient to ftir that at the bottom 
 upwards, which we laft applied, and which needs it, 
 provided it be not too much rotted; which ftirring 
 of it is enough to renew the Heat for eight or ten 
 Days longer: And there is no need of applying any 
 new Dung, but when by the rotting of all the laft, 
 or of at leaft a good part of it, we find it to be no 
 longer fit to yield that heat which is neceflary to 
 thofe P/ants that are raifed in Hot-beds. | 
 
 if they are A/paragus, or Strawberries, which we 
 
 have taken out of their cold Beds, and replanted in 
 hot ones, and there be any apprehenfion of Cold, we 
 mutt carefully cover them with Glafs Bells, or Glafs 
 Frames, and to hinder the Froft from penetrating e- 
 ven them, and fpoiling what is underneath them, we 
 ufe befides to cover them with Skreens of dry long 
 Dung, or Litter, or Straw which we put over the 
 Glais Bells, or Glafs Frames; and Plants never fail : 
 to produce upon -Beds thus accommodated and main- 
 tained in a due heat, by fuch recruitings renewed 
 from time to time. 
 
 This manner of proceeding is good and commodious 
 enough for Sorre/, becaufe being animated by the mo- 
 derate heat of the Hot-bed, it fprings up there for 
 fome fifteen Days time, juft as it does when it grows 
 in naked Ground in the Month of Alay, and atter- 
 wards dies ; but it is not fo good for A/paragus, be- 
 caufe they, when they are pull’d up and replanted, 
 never produce fuch fine Shoots, as when they are 
 dunged and heat on the naked Ground. | 
 
 ‘It follows then, that the beft method for A/para- 
 gus, and even for Sorrel] too, is to take up for about 
 
 two 
 
 
 
 
 
 arte et ar ne - ue Se ee 4 > we Pee ee eee ee ? vet oye ee 
 Ly “ ‘ t 
 
See a a na - a. Gee 
 
 238 «©The (Compleat Gardner, Voli I. 
 two foot deep all the Earth in the Paths between two — 
 cold Beds, (which Paths fhould bea full foot broad) 
 and fill them up afterwards with long warm Déng, to 
 heat the neighb’ring Furth? and if it be for A/paragys, 
 to cover the wnole co/d Bed with the fame Dung, to 
 helpto warm the Earth; and when the A/parag vs be- 
 gin to {prout, we put Be//s upon each P/ant, or elfe 
 cover the whole Bed with G/a/s Frames : after which, 
 the Heat of thofe Paths mult be renewed,by ftirring 
 them the bottom upward, or by renewing from time 
 to time aa application of frefh Dumg,covering befides 
 the Bei/s or Glafs Frames with dry long Daag, or 
 Skreens of Straw, or fuch like matter, for the reafons 
 above expreHled, when we were treating of A/paragus 
 and Sorrel in Hot-beds. The: Afparagus-Plants being 
 thus warmed, and feeling under thote Be//s or Gla/s 
 Erantesan Air as comfortable as in Apri or May, they 
 produce Shoots that are red at firlt coming up, but 
 which afterward turn greenand long,like thofe which 
 Nature ic felf produces in warmand temperate Sea- 
 fons. The only inconvenience of thofe Artificial Heat- 
 ings,is, that beeaufe they muft be very violent to pene- 
 trace a coldEarth,they dry up and {poil thole P/ants; 
 io that fuch A/paagus, inftead of continuing fifteen 
 ‘Years together to bear well, as otherwife they do, 
 never {pring kindly afterward; and though they be 
 fet alone two or three Years after their firft heating, 
 yet at moft are able to endure but one more. 
 
 The Strawberries which are foreed on Hot-beds be- 
 gin to pat out their Shoots in Fa#wary, and flower in 
 velruary and March, and yield their Fruit in Apri/ 
 aid /fzy; the beltmethod of raifing them, is to put 
 them in September ina toletable good light Eartb,and 
 afterwards to plant them in Hor-beds in December ; 
 they may alfotbe planted in Hot-beds without potting 
 atall in the Month of March; their Raznérsjandfome 
 of theit Leaves, mult be taken off,if they have too ma- 
 by y the Barth in theirs Pors mutt be always kept me 
 
 and . 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 The Compleat Gardner. 239 
 and a little moift; and if there happens any exceffive 
 Heats in fome days of March or April, they muft 
 have a little Air given them towards the North, and 
 they muft be covered a Nights. 
 
 To have little Sallads of Lettuce to cut, mixed 
 with Chervi/ Crejjes, &c. with Furnitures of Minr, 
 Tarragon, &c. and to have Radifhes, &c. we make 
 fuch Hot-beds as I have directed, and we fteep in Wa- 
 ter, about 24 hours, alittle Bag of Lettuce Seed ; 
 after which time we take it out, and hang itina 
 Chimney-corner, or in fome other place where the 
 Froft cannot reach it; and the Seed fo wetted,drains 
 it felf from the Water, and heatsin fuch a meafure, 
 that it fprouts; and then atter we have made in Hor- 
 beds fome little Furrows of about two inches deep, 
 and about as much broad, with a little Stick that 
 we draw hard over Mould, we fow that {prouted 
 Seed in thofe Furrows {fo thick that it covers all the 
 bottom of the Furrows: There muft be a French 
 Bufhel, or twenty Pound weight Englifh, to fow a 
 Bed of fourteen fathoms long, and of four broad ; 
 and when it is fown,we cover it witha little Mould, 
 caft upon it lightly with the Hand, and each caft of 
 the Hand dexteroufly performed, fhould cover a Fur- 
 ‘Yow asmuch as it needs; which done, we put fome 
 Bells or long Straw over them, to hinder the Birds 
 from eating them, and the Heat from evaporating, 
 or the Froft by chilling it, from deftroying the Seed; 
 we take away the Straw, when at the end of five or 
 fix Days the Seeds beginto {pring well, and at length, 
 ten or twelve Days atter, it is commonly high e- 
 nough to be cut witha Knife, and eaten in Sallads, 
 that is to be underftood, if the Ice and Snow, and 
 even the Heat of the Bed be not too exceffive. We 
 take the fame courfe with Chervi/, and Creffes, fave 
 bi that they muft be fown without fteeping their 
 EAS, 
 
 Vol. I, 
 
 
 
 As 
 
 
 
Ta ey ee ee ose L 7 eae OF aaa Se ee eee ey 
 
 240 ‘The (ompleat Gardner. Vol. II. 
 
 As for Mint, Tarragon, Cives, and other Furni- 
 tures of Sallads, they are planted on the Hot-beds in 
 - the famie manner as the cold ones. 
 
 As for Radifhes, we feldom fteep them to make 
 them {prout, the Skins of their Seed being fo tender, 
 that in lefs thana Days time they would be all melt- 
 ed to a Pap. 7 | 
 
 I have directed how to fow Radi/hes in the Works 
 of November, where we treat ot preparing the. Pro- 
 vifions we would have from our Gardens in January, 
 ‘February, and March. | 
 
 It\is convenient to fow in the beginning of this 
 Month, or even in November and December, a Hot- 
 bed of Parfley, to fupply us with frefh in the Spring 
 time, to ferve us till that we fhould jfow in naked 
 Earth at the end of February, be grown to its Per- 
 fection. | 
 
 To lay the Branches, or Slips of Vines, Goofeberry, 
 and Curran Bufbes to take root, we need only couch, 
 or lay down their Branches into the Earth, and cover 
 them inthe middle with Earth, to the neighth of 
 five ot fix inches, which are to remain in that condi- 
 tion till the Month of November following, when 
 having taken Root, we take them up, that is, fepa- 
 rate them from the Tree, and plant them where we 
 have occafion for them. | | 
 
 To circumpofe Trees, by planting them in Baskets, 
 Pots, and Boxes or Cafes, we firft fll half way with 
 Earth, thofe Baskets, Pots, or Boxes, and then having 
 pruned and trim’d the Trees as have directed in the 
 Yreatife of P/antations, we plant-them, finking the 
 Baskets or Pots quite into the Earth, but leaving the 
 Boxes or Cafes above Ground. | 
 
 The way of potting the bu/bous Root Tuberenfes, 
 Fanquils,Narciffius’s of Conftantinople, &e. is firlt to 
 ut theminto Pots, and then to put thofe Pots into 
 ot-beds, covering thofe Beds carefully with Glafs 
 Frames, Bells, Straw Skreens, €c, b 
 
 0 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 Vol 
 
 i 
 7 
 
 
 
 
 if, The Compleat Gardner. 244 
 
 To warm or force Fig-Trees, we muft have fome 
 in Boxes ot Cafes, for which we make in January, a 
 deaf Hor-bed, (being a Hot-bed made in ahallow dung 
 into the Karth, and raifed only even with its furtace) 
 and place the Boxes upon it. Then muft we have fome 
 {quare Glaf$ Frames about fix or feven Foot high, 
 which muft be apply’d againft a Wall expos’d toa 
 Southern Afpett ; by which the Dung in the Hor-bed 
 frementing into a Heat warms the -arth in the Box, 
 and by coniequence makes the kig-Ivee {prout: That 
 Bed is to be put into a new Ferment when there is 
 
 | -Occafion, and great care muft be taken to cover thofe 
 
 Glafs Frames clofe, that no Cold may get within 
 During the whole Month of Fanuary, we continue 
 to fow upon Hot-beds under Bells, Lettuces to be te- 
 
 _ planted as [ have directed in the Works of December s 
 as alfo to replant them under Be//s, as well to ferve 
 in the Nurfery asin the places they were defign d for, 
 
 dnd as to thé Seeds when fown, we may forbear co- 
 
 _ vering them with Mouldif we pleafe, it being enough 
 _ to pat them with the flat of our Hands upon the Beds, 
 _ to pres the Mould clofe about them; we ufe the fame 
 method with Pur/main town undet Be//s, for we can 
 | {carce throw too little Mould upon thofe Seeds to co- 
 | ver them. 
 
 To have fome fine little Lestuces for fallading, we 
 
 tuft fow under Bells fome of the bright curled fort,’ 
 and ftay *till it has fhot forth two Leaves before we 
 gather it: The Seeds of thofe Letruces muft be fown 
 thin, that the P/emrs may grow tall, and if we fee 
 them come up too thiek, we muft thin them: The 
 | choiceft fort of Lettuce for the Spring Seafon, ate 
 
 the curled fair or bright Letruce.the /hort Letiucejand 
 
 above all the She//-Lettuce, &c. Wealfo fow fome 
 under Bells, to replant again, Borage, Buglofs, and 
 
 Arrach or Orage. 
 S Products 
 
242 The Compleat Gard’ner. Vol. Uh. 
 
 Products hat we may have from our Gardens in the — 
 
 > 
 
 Month of January. 
 iene ad | 
 B Efides'the good Pears following, viz. Le/chaffe- 
 
 ries, Ambrets Thorn Pears, St. Germains dry 
 Martins, Virgoulees, and Winter Bon Cretiens, &c. 
 and thefe good Apples, viz. Calvils, Prppins, Apis’s, 
 Curpendu’s, or fhcrt-llalk’d Apples, Fennellets, or Fen- 
 nel-Apples, &c. And laftly befides fome forts of Grapes, 
 
 as the ordinary Mu/cat, the long Mu/cat, the Chaffelas, — 
 
 ec. eve y Perfon may have Artichoaks, &e. 
 
 All tortsof Roots, as Beet-raves, or Red:Beet-Roots, — 
 Scersoneras, Carrots, Parf{nips, Common Salfifies, or ~ 
 
 Goats-beard, ‘Turneps, &e. 
 
 Spanifh, Cartons, andChards ef Artichoaks whitened. 
 
 Cellery vehatened. 
 Macedonian Perfley, or Allifanders whitened. 
 Fennel, Anis, and Endive, as well that which is 
 
 called thé white, as that which is called wild, or ~ 
 
 Suscory. , 
 Collyflowers, &c. All thefe things muft have been 
 brought into the Confervatory in the Months of JNo- 
 
 vember, and December, and orderedas [have diretted 
 
 in {peaking of the Works to be done in thofe two 
 Months. | 
 
 Befides which we have alfo Pancaliers. Milan. and ~ 
 9 > - 
 
 -bright or laree fided Cabbazes. 
 esis: 5 5 
 
 Thefe forts of Cobbages are not cartied into the” © 
 Confervatory ; on the contrary, they muft be Froft — 
 bitten in the open Air, to make them tender and de- 7 
 
 ° i 
 , 
 
 ficate. 
 
 Wemav alfo have fome Citra/s, or Pumpions, and ~ 
 fome Pot:rons, or fat Pompions by the help of aConfer- — 
 
 vatory.. 
 We may alfo have pickled Cucumbers, pickled Pur- 
 
 flain, pickled: Mufhrooms,and pickled Capucin Capers, © 
 
 We 
 
 or Nef} UICES. 
 
 e 
 
 st) 
 iD 
 4 
 ; 
 
 
 
 : 
 i 
 
Lee? ee ene SNP ee ot ue UMM Aa SPCR he 
 
 ‘Vol..If. The (Compleat Gardner. 243 
 
 _We may have Ozions, Garlick, and Sh.//ots, out 
 of the Confervatory. — : 
 
 With Leeks, Ceboulas, Burnet, Chervil, Parfley, 
 and Adleluja or Wood-Sorrel, &c. 
 Alfo very good reddith green A/paragus, which are 
 
 etter than thofe that grow naturally in Apr7Z, and 
 all the Month of May. | 
 And by the help otf Hot-Beds, or heated Path-wways, 
 | we may have very fine Sorre/, as well of the round as 
 the long fort,and little Sallads of Lettuce to cut,with 
 their Furniture of Mint, Tarragon, Garden-Creffes, 
 tender Chervil, Parfley, Borage, Buglofs, &c. — 
 _ We may likewife have little Raddi/bes upon Hor- 
 _ beds, provided the abundance of Snow, and the rigour 
 _ of the Frofts be not fo feveral great, that we cannot 
 fo much as for a few Hours in a Day uncover the 
 _ Beds on which they are, nor give them any new re- 
 | cruits of Heat, without which all that is planted of 
 this fort on Hot-beds, is fubject to grow yellow and 
 come to nothing. } 
  Likewife we may have Mufhrooms upon Hor-be d 
 | made on purpofe for that effect, and which are kept 
 carefully cover’d with long dry Dung, to prevent the 
 hard Frofts trom {poiling them. | 
 _~ Nor have we naturally but few Flowers, except 
 _ Lawrel-time, and Snow-drops, but by the help of Hor- 
 beds we may have fome fingle Azemonies, Winter 
 | Narchiffus’s, and Narchiffus’s of Con ftantinople, Croci- 
 Jes, &c. but we have now Laurus Rofe-Leaves to 
 | garnifh the Difhes we ferve up to Table. 
 
 
 
 he ab. — How 
 
 
 
,® NE Se a | ae ag ’ t 
 c 7 ee | 4 te os \ 
 
 244 The Compleat Gardner. Vol. M1,” 
 
 Jow to judge certainly by viewing and vifiting a— 
 Kitchen-Garden, bethber there be any thing — 
 wanting in it, which it fhould be flock’d with. inthe — 
 Month of January. | | 
 
 
 
 T is no inconfiderable thing to underftand certain- 
 ly, not only what Provifions aKitcben-Garden well — 
 maintained and orderd may furnifh us with every — 
 Month in the Year, but likewife what Works are to be © 
 done there every Seafon by an able Gardner, but yet — 
 that is not enough to make a Gentleman fo knowing © 
 as to be able to give himfelf the pleafure to judge cer- © 
 tainly by viewing his Kitchen-Garden, whether it be © 
 fo weil ftock’d as to want nothing that it thould have. 
 For in fine, we muit not expect always actually to 7 
 find in it all Advantages for which we are beholden 
 to Gardens. We know indeed that it fhould bring 
 forth a provifion for the whole Year, but we know ~ 
 very well too tharit does not bring forth all Days in — 
 the Year; for Example, ln the Winter Months we — 
 hardly fee in it any of its Productions, the moft pare ~ 
 of them being carried out, and laid up inStore-boufes, 
 and Confervatories. And belides, among the Plants ~ 
 that are to be feen in ic at other times, how many of © 
 
 them are there which have not attained to their Per- 
 fection, which yet ought tomakea Figure inthis Gar 
 dex, tho’ they require perhaps two or three, or pet-~ 
 haps tive or fix Months time to-arrive at it? Thus i 
 isin the beginning of the Spring, with all Legumes, or~ 
 _ eatable Plants and green things , and thus it is too in} 
 the Suramer, with the principal Frxits of other Sea- 
 fons; upon which confiderations, I thought it not im- © 
 pertinent, nor unufeful, tofhew yet a litle more-par- 7 
 ticularly, wherein the exccllency and accomplifhment 
 ofakuchen-Garden does confit, judging of it according ~ 
 
 to 
 
 
 

 
 OP STE as) Sy FN Be eee ee 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 The Compleat Gardner, 245 
 _to the proportion or what we ought to find every tim: 
 we go into it. | | 
 
 Twill begin with the Month of Fumzary, in which 
 we ought to be very well fatished with the Gade in 
 queftion, if we find init a reafonable quantity of W77- 
 _ ter Lettuces planted in Bordersby Walls, and cover’d 
 _ with Jong Straw, or Straw Skreens; and likew fe if we 
 find in it fome fquares of Artichoaks, and Bert-chards 
 _ well cover’d with /ozg Dung, with the like Provifion 
 of Celery, Endive, common Parfley, and Macedonian 
 | Parfley, or Alifanders, &c. and order’d after the fame 
 manner: And in the third place, fome. Winter Cub- 
 - bages, Cibouls, Sorrel, and Sa/lad Furnitures, and if 
 _thefe too laft be fhelter’d with fome fort of covering; 
 and in the fourth place, if there be fome {quares of 
 | Afparagus without any other Artifice than whatis ufvd 
 to warm and force them in their co/d beds, as1 do 
 and have begun to doin the Months of November and 
 December, all other Kitchen-plants mult be houfed and 
 
 “Vol. TL 
 
 
 
 
 
 flowers, &c. In the fitth place, we may be content 
 if we find the Fie-Tces well cover'd, all places where 
 | Trees fhould be well flld up with Trees, or at leaft 
 
 _ planting them, or the Roots of thofe that begin to lan- 
 | guifh -bared and laid onen, in order to their cure: 
 _Sixthly,if we fee Men bufie in clearing the Py-wit- lrees 
 | from MofS, and other Filth that fpoils them; and if 
 | over and above that,- we find there any Hor beds for 
 | the Novelties of the Sprime time, fuch as are Strawher- 
 | ries,Raddifhes, little Sallads, Peas, Beans, Cabbage. Let- 
 | tuces, Parfley, Cucumbers, and Musk-mellon Plantations 
 /&c. if we likewife find fome Fig Ivees and fome o- 
 | ther Trees forced, and advance by artificial warmth ; 
 } what then ought we not to fay in praife of the Gar- 
 | @ner, efpecially if we find the Walks and Alleys kept 
 -neat and clean, and no Garden Tools and Utentils 
 any where neglected. 
 
 with holes dig’d, and Trenches prepared ready for. 
 
 ig ! Hav-ng 
 
 See tar) SRN «aed 
 
 laid up, as Roots, Onions, Cardons, Artichoaks, Colly-. 
 
: 246 he: Compleat Gahd d ner. Vol. 1 @ 
 
 Having told you what fhould compofe the Beauty | 
 ofa Kitchen-Garden in the Month of Faxuary, [think — 
 ~ it needlefs to add any defcription of what makes itim- 
 
 pertectand difagreeable, as well in that Month, as in | 
 ail the reft of which I ihall atterwards treat, becaufe 
 any body may eafily difcern of himfelf, that it is qult 
 the reverfe of what I have now fpacified. that is to fay, 
 a want of any thing that fhouldbe in ir, Nealigence j 
 ‘and Sloventinefs being look’d upon as the Montfters « 
 of a Kitchen-Gar len. 
 
 
 
 Works to be done ina Fepenstily 
 
 "N. this Month we. continue the fame works we 
 were doing in the laft, ozs. 
 _Now we apply our felves to manuring the Ground — 
 if the Frof? permits, and about the end of the Month, ~ 
 
 or rather towards Mzd- March, or latter, that is towards q 
 Mid-April, we {ow inthe naked Ground thofe things — 
 that are long : a reating as for Example, all forts of © 
 Roots, viz, Carrots Parfnips, Chervils or Skirrets, — 
 Beet-Raves, or Red-Beet-Roots, Scorzoneres, and ab ove § 
 all Parfley Roots. q 
 For now alfo Oxions, . Leeks, Cibouls, Sor rel Hafe @ 
 ting Peas, Garden or Marfb-Beans, W ild Endive, or — 
 Succory, and Burner. ; 
 If we have any She//-Lettuces that were fowni in Aw — 
  tumn \att, in fome well fhelter’d place we now re- 7 
 plant them on Hor-Beds under Bells, to make them: 7 
 Cubbage betimes, And particularly we take care tq) 
 replant cn them fome of the Curl’d Bright Lettuces, © 
 which we fowed laft Month, becaufé they turn to bet- 
 ter accqunt than others. | 
 pegin at the latter end of the Month. to fovw q 
 a | elite green Py ren un nder Boils the Red, or Gole © 
 : | den @ 
 
 LA 
 
 
 
Vol. If. The Compleat Gard’ner, 47 
 den fort being too delicate or tender to be fown be-- 
 fore March. ) | 
 Replant Cucumbers and Muask-mellons, if you 
 have any big enough, and that upon a Hot-Bed, in 
 fome place well fhelter’d either by Walls, Straw, or 
 _ Reed Hedges, or fome other Invention: to keep off the 
 — Wind. | fei : 
 | We alfo fow towards the end of the Month, our 
 . Annual Flowers, in order to replant them again at the 
 latter end of Apri/, and the beginning of May. 
 Sow alfo your firlt Cabbages. 
 - Begin tograft all forts ot Ices in the Cleft, prune 
 and plant them ; plant alfo Vines, and about Alid- 
 _- February, if the Weather be any thing fair, is the 
 as fa time to begin all forts of Works. 
 ow make the Hot-Beds which you have occafion 
 to make ufe of for Radi/hes, little Sa//ers, and to raife 
 sgh things which we are to replant again in the Co/d 
 Beds. | ; 
 Take care to maintain the neceflary heat about your — 
 Afparagus, and to gather thofe that are good. ? 
 Continue to plant Trees when theWeather and the 
 Soil will permit. | | | 
 
 
 
 Yo 
 
 Provifions and Produt#s of February. 
 
 rytH E Weather ufually begins to grow a little 
 [ milder this Month, fo that as to Flowers, wes 
 _ may now naturally by the favour of a goodShelter and 
 a good Expofition, have of all thofe forts which I 
 told you in my Difcourle of the Products of the laft 
 Month might be raifed by forcing on for Beds. Befides 
 which, we may have fome Primrofes, and the heat 
 of the Hot Beds may even produce us fome Tu/ips, and 
 Totus Albus’s. 
 But in refpect of Kitchen-Plants, we have as yet on- 
 ly thofe things which we have b:fore mentioned ; 
 | S 4 that 
 
248 The Compleat Gard’ner. ol I. } 
 that isto fay, we continue to fpend the Stock we have | 
 in the Confervatory or Store-houfe ; and what we || 
 raife by the affiftance of Hot-beds, and artificial heat- 4) 
 ings, as little Sa//ets, Sorre/ Raddifhes, Afparagus, &c. 
 
 How to judge certainly by viewing and vifiting « 
 Kitchen-Garden, whether there be any ibing 
 wanting in it, which rt fhoull be flock'd with in 
 the Month of February. 4 
 
 F towards the latter end of this Month, the Weather ~ 
 appear pretty temperate, and there happen fo con- © 
 fiderable a Thaw as to promife an end of the great | 
 Cold, our Gar@ners fhould then begin to dig and ma- 
 nure the Squares and the Counter Borders,prepare the — 
 Cold beds, fow thofe forts of Seeds that are long ~ 
 coming up, as Purfly, Omious, Cibouls, Leeks, &c. ~ 
 They mutt likewife now earneftly mind the pruning ~ 
 of Trees, as well Dwarfs, as Wall-Trees, and pallifade © 
 or nail up thefe laft for the firfttime, and particularly © 
 _ they muft take care to make Hot-beds for the replant- 
 ing of Mysk-melons and Cucumbers, and for little © 
 Sallets, Raddifhes, Cabbage-Lettuces, &c. q 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Works to be done in Match. 
 
 T the beginning of this Month, it appears who © 
 ) are the Gard’ners that have been idle, by their © 
 not furnifhing us with any thing with the diligent 7 
 and skilful ones fupply us with, and by their having 7 
 neglected to fow their Grounds, which lie for the molt 7 
 part as yet unfown, tho’ the Weather have been fa- 7 
 voutable for tt. \ 
 Good Gard’ners ought to cover with Mold, the = 
 Cold Beds which they have fown with their defigned = 
 Ne at ee oe) "Seeds, ae 
 

 
 re: Se eee Sa ee a te Nae ee NL ie Raho een Ue AO EN AR 4 
 rtd : M 5 
 
 Vol. WW. = The Compleat Gardner. 249 
 Seeds, for fear the waterings and great Rains fhould 
 beat down the Earth too much, and renders it Super- 
 ficies toc hard for the Seeds to pierce and {hoot 
 through; they fhould alfo bank up their Co/d beds 
 tightly with a Rake, that fo the Rain-water, or that 
 of their waterings may keep inthem, and notrun out 
 of them into the Paths. 
 
 About Mid-March at furtheft, make the Hor 
 beds in which you are to replant the earlielt Mzash- 
 melons. 
 
 Sow in the naked Earth, in fome well fhelter’d 
 place, all thofe things which you are to plant again in © 
 the like; as for Example, both our Spring Lestuce, 
 and that which you are ta replant again at the latter 
 end of Apri/ and at the beginning of Muy, viz. the 
 —Curled bright Lettuce, and the Royal, and Bellegarde 
 Lettuce, the Perpignon Lettuce which is greenith, tlie 
 Alfange, the Chicons, and the Green, Red and bright 
 Genua Lettuces are neat two Months on the Ground, 
 before they grow big enough to he replanted. Sow 
 alfo Cabbages tor the latter Seafon, and Co//pfowers 
 to plant them in their proper places, about the end 
 of Apri/ and beginning of May; and if they come 
 up too thick, take out fome, and replant them in a 
 Nurfery, to make them grow bigger, &c. 
 
 Sow Radifhes in the naked Earth among all the 
 other Seeds that you are fowing, becaufe they do na 
 harm there. | 
 
 Sow Arach, or Orage, in the naked Earth. 
 
 About Mid-March, fow Citruls or Pompions upon 
 hot-Beds, to replant in the beginning of May, 
 
 Make an end of pruning and planting during 
 the courfe of this Month of all Garden-Trees, and 
 alfo of Goofeberry, Curran, and Rafpberry Jbruhs, &c. 
 It is very convenient to delay the pruning of vigorous 
 Trees *till they begin to {prout, as well to let them 
 fpend their firft Strength, as to prevent lofing any of 
 their Fruit Buds which we cannot *till then difcern, 
 
 . and 
 
250 The Compleat Gard’ner. Vol. Ml. 
 and which come to their perfeftion in the Spring 4} 
 ~Seafon. 3 a 
 _ Take up at the beginning of the Month, with 
 Mold and all, the p/axtation of Strawberries, which 
 you had in the Nur/ery, to form Cold Beds and Squares 
 of them to remain and to sefurnifh thofe where there - 
 want any. : 
 
 Sow fome Seed of Prerce-pierre or Garden Samphire 
 in fome tub of Earth, or in the naked Ground in fome — 
 fhelter'd place. | - 
 
 Sow a third time a few more Peas, of the great 
 {quare fort. | 
 
 At the very beginning of the Month fow a little 
 quantity of Endive very thin, to have fome of it 
 whited about Mid-/ummer. ee 
 
 Towards the end of the Month, or at the beginning 
 of Apri/, fow.a little Ce//ery in the naked Earth, to 
 have fome late in the Months of Aveu/? and Seprem- _ 
 ber, Cellery is commonly almoft a Month a coming . — 
 up; and we fow a little of it at the fame timeona 
 Hot-bed, in order to have fome of it early. — 
 
 Begin now to uncover a little your Artichoakes but 
 we feldom beginto munure them till the full Moon of 
 March be paft, which is generally very dangerous both 
 to them and to the Fie-trees, which laft muft not 
 vet be quite uncoverd, it being enough to do it half 
 way, at the fame time we take off all their dead Wood 
 and Branches, whether killed by the Fro/?, ot by any 
 other means. 
 
 ’ About the middle of March, or before if the wea- 
 ther be mild, begin to fow fome Red or Go/den Pur- 
 fain wpon hot beds under Be//s and continue ftill to 
 ‘fow of the Greev fort. 2 
 
 ~ We replant in their fixt places common Cabbages 
 and Millan Cabbages, which you {hould take care to 
 have ready in your Nur /ery,from the beginning of No- 
 vember \aft paft, in fome well fhelter’d place, but 
 
 replant. . 
 
 
 
Vol. IL The (Compleat Gard’ner.. 251 
 replant none cf thofe that begin to mount, that is, to 
 
 run up their Stalks, as if they were going to Seed. 
 Plant the A/paragus Squares which you have occafi- 
 on for, to which purpofe make choice of a fine Plan- 
 
 tation of one years growth, or elfe of one of two. 
 The way to plant <A/paragus is, to place two or 
 three Plants of them together, and neatly to fpread 
 out their Roots without cutting them but very little, 
 and then cover them witha layer of Earth of two 
 or three Inches thick, to plant thofe Tufts Checquer- 
 wife, at a Foot and a halt diftance one from the 
 other. | 
 This Co/d Bed fhould generally be full four Foot 
 broad, that there may be room enough for three 
 -ranksofthem. Butifyou defign to force any of them 
 by heat in Winter, you mult make the cold Beds but 
 three Foot broad, and oblerve if the Ground be 
 dry, to lay the Bed hollow within the Earth with 
 a good Spade, and by that means raife the Paths 
 Arch-wife, making ufe of the Soil that comes out of 
 it, to cover again by little and little, and year by 
 year, the Plantation as it grows ftronger, and rifes 
 out of the Ground. But if it be a moift Ground: 
 and very cool, itis better not to make the Bed {o low 
 nor hollow, but on the contrary to keep it a little 
 higher than the Paths, that the Winter waters may 
 defcend out of it into them, and may not rot the 
 Plants, to which nothing is more dangerous than too 
 much wet. | | 
 Afparagus both old and young muft be carefully 
 howed or cleared of Weeds, and in this Month of 
 March, betore they appear above Ground, you muft 
 afford them a littke manuring, by turning up the 
 Earth to the depth ofhalfa Foot about them, to give 
 
 the young A/paragus the more liberty to {hoot up. 
 ~ At the beginning of the Month it will be time to 
 teplant what you havea mind thould min to Seed, vs. 
 Leeks and Ontons, and efpecially the white fort, aige 
 ” i ot 
 
 St ME TET ef ee PN ee RR PN BS ES RO A eee Ae ee ee RE 
 
 
 
 
 
252 The Compleat Gardner. Vol. W. 
 — of Garlick, Cloves and Seeds of Shallots, white Cab- 
 bage, Pancaliers Cabbage, &c. Now likewifeyouare 
 to tie up fuch Lertuce as fhould Cabbage, and yet do 
 not, which tying makes them in a manner Cabbage 
 by force. 4 
 Sow the Seed of Panachr, or ftriped Gi/lyfow- 
 ers upon Hor-beds, before the full Moon, to replant 
 them in May; fow alfo the Anal Howers upon 
 Hot-beds to replant at the latter end of May, viz. 
 Paffe velours, or Velvet Kowers, called alfo Flower 
 gentiles, and Amaranthus, Indian Ocellus, or trench 
 Marygolds, Indian Rofes the Belles de Nuit. 
 Set in the Ground, Adwonds that have fprouted, 
 breaking off the {prout before you plant them. 
 Sow in the Flower Pots, or Parterres, fome Seeds 
 of Poppy, and of Larks Heels, which will flower after 
 them that were fown in September. | 
 
 Provifions and Produdts of March. 
 
 E have now upon our Hot-beds, abundance of 
 Raddifhes, and little Sallets, and of Scave/, 
 and Cabbage Lettuces, under Bells, which are the 
 bright curled Lettuces fown in November and December, 
 and afterwards trani{planted into other Hor beds. The 
 other forts ot Letruces will not come to any thing un- 
 der Bells. 
 
 We continue to have forced A/paragys. 
 
 As to Flowers, if the Cold be not extraordinary 
 yiolent, we have every where, and that naturally, all 
 thofe forts which blow only in good Expofitions in 
 the preceding Months, belide which, we have Vio- 
 lets, Fachinths, Paffe-touts, and fingle Anemenies. 
 ~ And towards the end of the Month, we have Ez- 
 slifh Narcifjus's, Narcifjuss.ot Algiers, Englifh Iris, or 
 Flower-de-Luces, yellow Stock-Gilliflowers, None fuch 
 Narciffus’s, fingle and double Heapatica’s, as well of 
 
 the 
 
 
 

 
 ' US Wal Pde Ab io ot a ee errr, ow ee ae ve dh ig cle lie eee ee Te eS ere ee oY were Pe! me 
 baba ah Mey aa eee ast li bie i ee aye Maer 
 hae ae « 
 
 f 
 
 Vol. Hf. = The Compleat Gardner. 253 
 the Red, as of the pale Violet Sort, Hel/ebore Flow- 
 ers, fome fingle Funquils. 
 
 We need not now force any Flowers, unlefs it 
 be fingle or double Fumnquils, if the Weather be very 
 haree.s) ’ 3 
 
 But if the Weather be very mild, we have double 
 Anemonies, Bears Ears, Fritillarias, fome Spring Tz- 
 lips, Daifes, Blammes, or Fleam-flowers, Perfian Iris, 
 and Junquils at the latter end of the Month. 
 
 How to judge certainly by viewing and vifiting a 
 Kitchen-Garden, whether there be any thing 
 wanting in it, which it fhould be ftock’'d with 
 
 . im Niarch. 
 
 N March, if your Ground be great, and the num- 
 
 ber ot Labourers proportionable,you fhould have 
 the pleafure with one caft of an Eye to fee them dig- 
 ging, making up, fowing, planting, howing, weed- 
 ing,. grafting, pruning, 7c. for in fine, before the 
 Month be out, the moft part of the Ground fhould be 
 taken by either. with Seeds or Plants, which are to 
 ferve for provilion for the whole year. All that which 
 was before coverd with Dumg,ought to be difcharged 
 of its coverings which are now grown noifome,asfoon 
 as they ceafe to be necefJary, and every thing ought 
 to breath the free Air, which begins now to cheer 
 both Animals and Plants; you {hould at this time 
 have at leaft fomething to begin to gather, either of 
 Sallets or Raddifbes, of the new Seafon. 
 
 Works 
 
254 The Compleat Gard’nr. Vol. IL 
 
 : 
 
 Works to be done in April. 
 
 
 
 Ha Here is no Month in the year wherein there is 
 
 more work to be done in Gardens than in this, 
 for now the Earth begins to be very fit, not only to 
 be manured, but to receive whatfoever you have a 
 mind to plant or fow init, as Lettuce, Leeks, Cabbage 
 Borage, Buglofs, Ariichoaks, Tarragon, Mint, Violets, 
 &c. Before the Month of Apri/, it is as yet too cold, 
 and after Ap7:/it begins to be too dry, 
 
 Perform now your fecond pruning of the Bran- 
 ches of Peach-Irees, 1 mean only the Fruit Branches 
 in order to cut them off fhort to that part juft above 
 where there is Fruit knit; and ifany of thofe Peach- 
 Iyces, have produced any very thick Shoots upon high 
 Branches, as fometimes it hapnens after the full Moon 
 of March, pinch them to make them multiply into 
 Fruit Branches, and to keep themlow, when there is 
 eccafion, that they may not run up too high before 
 their time. | : | 
 
 Continue to trim Musk Melons and Cucumbers, to 
 new heat your bor Beds, and make new ones, and to 
 low Cucumbers, that you may have fome to replant 
 _ that may ripen about the end of Summer, and begin- 
 
 hing of Autumn. ! 
 
 Make fome hot Mafhroom Beds in new Ground; 
 the manner of doing which I have already deferibed 
 elfewhere. : 
 
 "Tis the Moon of this Month, that is vulgarly call’d 
 the Ruddy Moon, it being very fubjett to be windy, 
 cold, and dry, and to be fatal thereby to many new . 
 planten Trees, unlefs great care be taken to water 
 them about the Foot once a Week. 
 
 Weed up all the ill Weeds that grow among 
 good Seed, take the fame courfe with Strawberries, 
 
 | Peas, 
 
 
 

 
 ~The Compleat Gard’ner. 255 
 Peas, and replanted Lettuce, and howe all about them 
 the better to loofen the Earth, and open a.paflage 
 for the fift Rain that fhall fall. ) 
 
 About the middle of Apri/ begin to fowa little 
 White Endive, in plain Ground, to whiten it in the 
 fame place ; and provided it be thin fown, no Seed 
 comes fo eafily up as this fort of Evdive. — 
 
 At the middle of Agvi/ fow alfo in their places, 
 the firlt Spanifh Cardons, and the fecond at the begin- 
 ning of May; the firft are commonly a Month in cont- 
 
 ing up, and the other about fifteen days. 
 
 __ Alfo ftill fow in this Month, fome Serre/, if you be 
 not fufficiently provided with it before. 
 
 | As to. what is to be done to Me/ows in this Month, 
 
 we refer you to the difcourfe on that Subject, Page 
 
 Vol. IL. 
 
 
 
 207. 
 
 Choofe a part of the faireft of the Cabbage Lef- 
 tuces, aS well asthé Winter ones, which are the She// 
 and Ferufalem Lettuces, as the Curled Bright Lettuce 
 raifed up stot Beds and, under Be//s to plant them 
 all together in fome co/d Beds at a foot diftance one 
 from another, to let them run to Seed ; which isalfo 
 pertorny’d with a planting itick. © 
 
 Plant edgings of Time, Sage, Marjoram, Hyffop, 
 Lavendar, Rue, Worm-wood, &c. 
 
 Replant Spring Lettuce to Cabbage, which fuc- 
 ceed one another in this order ; the Cur/ed Bright Let- 
 tuce is the firft and beft, as being the moft tender and: 
 delicate, but it requires a mild and light Soil, or'a- 
 bove all, a Hot Bed to plant it on, and Be//s, from 
 the Monthof Febrvary, and during all the Month of 
 March, and the beginning of 4p77/. A grofs Soil a: 
 grees not with it, for inftead of growing bigger there, 
 it dwindles to nothing. | | 
 
 The Green Curled Lettuce, the Gecrge Leituce, the — 
 Little Red Lettuce, and thofe called the Kaya/, the Bel- 
 legarde, and the Perpignon, follow next after. The 
 Royal Lettuce is a very fair and thick Lettuce, ee 
 
 | | diiters 
 
 eee Cee ee el ro) © 
 
256 The Compleat Gardner. Vol. Il. 
 
 differs only from the Be//egarde in that it is a little 
 — Teéfs Cur/ed. The Capucin, Short, Aubervilliers, and 
 — Auftrian Lettucesfucceed them, ‘and run not fo eafily 
 ~ to Seed, as the preceeding ones. The A/fanges Chi- 
 _ eons, and Imperials, which are all Lettuces to tie up, 
 bring up the Kear; and the Gexwa Lettuces, both the 
 Red, Bright, and Green, are the laftSummer Letraces , 
 you muft replant a good number of them at the very 
 beginning of May, to have them good about A1zd 
 fummer, andall the reff of the Summer; of all Letru- 
 ees, this fort beft eudures the great heats, and is leaft 
 difpofed to run to Seed ; for which reafon to obtain 
 S2ed of it, youmuft have fown it upon Hor beds from 
 the very Month of Febrwary, that you may have fome 
 eood Plants of it to fet again at the latter end of A- 
 pril, 
 
 The Roya/ Lettuce begins again to be fit to be re- 
 planted about the middle of Seprember, to fupply you, 
 together with that of Gezwa, all the relt of Autumn. 
 
 - From the end of Awguj? begin to fow the She//, ot 
 Winter Lettuce, that you may have fome fit to replant 
 in the Months of Offober, and November, for our 
 Winter provifion. be 
 
 The Aubervillier Lettuce grows fo very hard that it 
 is fearce fit for Sa//ets, but is better for Portage; but 
 yet it is very fubject to be bitter. 
 
 You muft not fail every fifteen days, to fow a little 
 Gena Leituce, thatyou may always be provided with © 
 fome fit to replant during all the whole Summer, 
 rill the middle of September. 
 
 Tf the Ruddy or dry Winds Reign, as they general- 
 ly do this Month, we muft carefully and plentifully 
 water every thing ur our Kitchen-Garden, except it 
 be the Afparagis. ‘i 
 
 Now likewife fearch the Woods for Young Straw- 
 berry Plants, tomake Nurferies, in fome part of your 
 Garden, plant tufts of two or three plants of them 
 together, at four or five Inches diffance one 
 
 . from 
 
 
 
Tee Dee Se ea eT ee) hy Ar he een ne one See mame Ty 
 : es ' yD eae 
 ARs 
 
 Po eee ee em mak me rrr e 
 “ Pe Re tae 4 " ‘ 
 
 Vol. II. The Complete Gard’ner. qe 
 
 from 'dnother and if the Soil be dry, ina hollow Bed 
 of two or three Inches deep, the better to retain and 
 preférve the rain water, and that of our waterings, 
 
 We alfo now dii-eye or feparate the Of-fets or. 
 Slips of our Artichoaks, as {oon as they are big enough, 
 and we plant as many of them as we need, two or 
 three of them in each hole, or Trench of abour three 
 or four Inches deep, and two full foot and a half di- 
 flance one from the other, each Bed fhould be four 
 
 _ foot wide, and contain two rows af Artichoak Plants 
 along its fides, and there muft ke a void {pace left in 
 the middle, of three Foot wide for the planting of 
 Leek Chards, or great whited Leeks, or elfe cf Coliy- 
 flowers, in imitation of the Market Gard’ners, who 
 are good Husbands of their Ground. The two 4rtiz 
 choak Plants which we fet in each hole, muft be placed » 
 a full foot and a half diftance one from the other. 
 
 We have already in the Month of March, fet into 
 the Earth, thofe Almonds which fprouted early, and 
 in this Month we fet thofe which having not {prouted 
 at the fame time with the others, had been pur up 
 back again into Mould, Earth, or Sand. 
 
 Inthe beginning of the Month, Gardens fhould be 
 
 ~almoft in their Perfection; we mufl fow Par/ly, wild 
 Endive, or Succory, and the firft Harico’s or French 
 Beans, the f{econd being to be fown about the middle, 
 and the third at the latter end of May, that fo we 
 
 may have a crop of them about two Months after 
 fowing: 
 
 ~ About this time the Strawberries growing in-the na- 
 
  ked Earth, fhoot forth their ftems, when we mutt 
 take exact eare to pluck all the Cuckows arhong theny 
 that is, thofe Ssrawherry Plants that bloffom much 
 
 — without knitting. 
 
 We fow our laft Cucumbers about the tenth or 
 twelfth of this Month, to have fome lateward ones 
 and fuch as may be fit to pee in OGober, which laft 
 
 ate 
 
 
 

 
 258 The Complete Gardner. Vol. Il. 
 are commonly cailed Corsiichons, or horned Cucumbers, 
 an in Englifh, Crumplings, and Guerkings. 
 
 “It is particularly abour the end of this Month, that | 
 May Moor begins, that is too fertile, and fo vigorous — 
 inits produétions, when we mutt withall poffible care 
 ren over our Wall trees, and draw from behind the 
 Trails, thofé Branches that grow between them and 
 the Wail, as well the fmaller ones, as more particu- 
 Jarly thofe that are thick; ar the (ame time Peach! 
 Trees and other Stone- Frit Trees are to be pruned the 
 third time, it having been done the fecond time whilft 
 they were inBloffom, to take away all thafe Branches 
 that had not bloffom/d. 
 
 Art this time likewiie, we are to piel that is to fay.) 
 break off to tour or five Eyes or Buds, thole thick 
 fhoots in Peach’Trees that are fprung out fince the 
 main Pruning of thar year, in order to make them 
 fhoot out three or four midling fhoots, one whereof ~ 
 may be for a Wood Branch, and the reft for Fruit; 
 this Operation is te be performed particularly ‘upon y 
 tho very thick Shoots that {pring out of the Extre- 
 mity of a Tree that is grown high, when it has alrea 
 dy attained its due height. | JEL 
 
 Provifi ons and Products of Apel _ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 / E have now. abundance ne Radi ieee ap Spinage | id 
 
 and Sallets with theit F brehies) and other 
 
 edible Herbs, i 
 We have Itkewife at the very. betaasiaas af the 
 Month, bright curled Cabbage Leseuces,:if we have 
 taken care to raifé any upon hor Beds, otherwile we have 
 none, for the Winter Letences are not, asyet, cabbaged, © 
 Alfo at the very beginning of the Month we have 7 
 fome Strawberries by the a a ay help of our © 
 

 
 Seg det Stee ee ee bs Na fee eM Pr TM eae ee, 
 fis ; 
 
 i 
 
 4 Vol. IL. The se Cavin Gard ner? 259 
 
 bot Beds, and Gla/s. Frames, if we have had the Will> 
 or convenience to make ufe of them. 
 
 , Alfo Afparagus produced naturally and without 
 Artifice. 
 
 Likewife an saBaice number of Flowers, as nee 
 monies, Ranunculus’s or Crow foots, Imperials, Narcif: 
 Sus of Conft.ansinople, Englifl Narcifjus, and Algier’s Nars 
 
 - ciffits, white Narciffus, Prim-Rofes, Violets, Hepatica’s, 
 both red and pale blue, and about the end of the 
 Month we have fair Tulips. 
 
 Flow to judge certainly by viewing aid vifit- 
 ing a Kitchen-Garden, whether there be 
 any thing wanting ia it, which it #detadg be 
  flock’d with in April: 
 
 WNthe Month of April, weare not to find any thing 
 x new to be done in our Xitchen-Gardens, ualels ir 
 
 e an Augmentation of hot Beds tor Musk-Melons and 
 Cucumbers, The Earth in them fhould now be cove= 
 red almoft all over with a new decoration of Tofant 
 Plants; Here we fhould fee Artichoaks riling as "tweré 
 from the dead, and there Afparagus piercing the 
 Ground in a thoufand places ; here we fhould. with 
 pleafure obferve the Cabbage Lettiice wind up it {elf into 
 round Balls, and here that a multitude of Green 
 Herbs, and Legumes, fo different in colour, and vari- 
 _ ousin their fhapes 5 Facineh, the Tulip, the Abinrnd 
 the Ranunculus, sad: {0 many other Flowers, 
 
 
 
 . \ Works tobe done in May, 
 
 TN the Month of May, it is that the Mother of Ve- 
 | + getation feems in earneft to difplay and exert all the 
 | force fhe is Miftrefzof, in order t to the migintain- 
 4 ie ae ing 
 
 COPEL Mig al UE re 
 StS POR Melee te iv 
 E too ue eee 
 
 be 
 
260 The Complete Gard’ner. Vol. Il. : 
 ng her felf ir that flourifhieg Eftate during the whole 
 
 Months ot June and Fuly following, at this ume cove- 
 ring the Walls with new rie, plumping the 
 Fruit, and covering the Earth with a lovely and char- 
 ming verdure, eo. Aud now our Gard'ners have 
 great need to be upon their Guards, to prevent their 
 Gardens falling into diforder, becaufe ’tis moft fure, 
 that if they be not now extremely careful and Labori- 
 ous, there is no difafter but they may expect ; perni- 
 cious Weeds willin little time choak up all their good 
 Seeds, their Walks and Alleys will be overgrown, and 
 their Trees will fail into the greateft Confufion, for 
 which reafons ic will highly concern them to be ex- 
 tremely watchful and diligent to weed, manure, 
 cleanfe, to take off all fuperfluous Leaves and Sprigs, 
 and to nail up Wall Trees, by which means it will be 
 in their Power to acquire the defirabie Commendation 
 of having adorned and fet out their Gardens with all 
 the luftre and excellency which they ought to have. 
 
 Green Peas, that were fown in Banks or Bordersin 
 
 ‘ 
 
 O&cber, do begin to recompence our Pains, and to 
 
 bloflom at the coming in of this Month: About the 
 
 feventh or eigth day of this Month, we fhould plant — 
 
 our Colhflowers, Milan Cabbages, Capucin Capers, or 5 
 
 Nafturces, Beet Chards, &c. It we plant them feoner, 
 they commonly run to Seed, which is to be avoided ; 
 
 and in fine for thofe things, we ought not to pafsthe © 
 fifteenth day, nor likewife for the fowing Winter ~ 
 Cabbages. We now make all the hafte we can, to © 
 make anend of dif-eying or flipping our Artickoaks a 
 which are vigorous, and feem to haveneed of being © 
 difcharged and thin, and make an end of planting © 
 new ones, ‘The Eyes or Sucker-flips are good © 
 enough, provided they be pretty thick and white, © 
 though they have no roor ac their heel or foor, and © 
 we may be fure to have very fine Fruit from them © 
 n dutumn, and in truth it were to be wifhed, they ~ 
 
 would © 
 
 ii 
 | 
 
 
 
rT oa Pe 
 ‘ ¥ Dre aw j 
 Te 
 
 Vol. I The Complete Gardner. 96% 
 
 
 
 _ would yield none fooner, becaule thofe produced be” 
 fore that time, are commonly pitiful, flarviing, and ~- 
 as’twere abortive Fruits. Yet tis not enough to 
 plant only fome gocd thick young flip-fuckers, bur 
 > we muft likewife plant fome midling ones, efpecially 
 in fome well fhelrer’d place, only to fortifie rhem- 
 felves there during the reft of the Year, that they 
 may be able to yield as their firlt Areichoaks, nexe 
 Spring ; thofe which have born in Autumn, not making 
 fuch {wift advances as thefe other. Next we are to 
 plant our Beet Chards almoft at the fame time, which 
 are well placed, if planted in the middle of the 
 | Artichokes, that is, one Beet plant between two 
 Artichokes, fo that there may be fome in one Rank, 
 and none in the other, for there muft be room enough 
 left free, to go upon to water, weed, manure, gather, 
 and to coverthem too, when need fhall require. 
 We alfo at the fame time rank our Fig-Trees in the 
 "place allotted for the Fig Plantation, that we may have 
 them inthe difpofition we defiree They begin then 
 to put forth their Leaves and Shoots, and at length 
 their Fruic begins to plump at the full Moon. 
 Towardsthe end of the Month, we begin with di- 
  ligence and expeditiaa, to nail up the new fhoots of 
 | Wall-Trees, ifthey be ftrong enough to foffer it: And 
 itis convenient to have finifh’d this work at the be- 
 ginning of Fune, becaufe at theend of that Month 
 we muft begin the fecond nailing of the firft Shoors, 
 and the firft of thofe which were never yet nail’d: 
 
 If there be any Frees defigned to mount upright 
 we mutt accordingly order for that purpofe, the Branch 
 that feems moft proper for itr. j | 
 
 We {ow a great deal of Genoa Lettuce, and we re 
 plant fome of them, and of the other Lectuces alfo. 
 We Likewife trim Pear-Trees, either to take off the 
 § falfe Shoots if any appear, which is done by plucking 
 _ them quite away when they make a confufion, er even 
 ‘yi 3 T 3 | ——— fuch 
 
 
 
262. The Complete Gard'ner, Vol. Ils 
 fuch others which though they be good, yet becaufe 
 they might produce that confufion which isfo much. 
 to be avoided in a Tree, mu therefore be. taken off, 
 for the better fortifying of thofe that are to make the 
 figure of that Tree. 
 
 Sow Endive, that you may have fome good, at the 
 end: of Fly, which may be whitened in the Gn place 
 where it firft grew, without removing if it be fown 
 thin, and well watered curing the whole Month. Take 
 now alfo the advantage of fome rainy Weather, to 
 plant in their defigned places, your annual Flowers 
 fome of them feldom failing to come to good there 5 3 
 likewife take the advantage of the fame time, to fill 
 up with Baskered, or Circomposed Trees, inthe places 
 of thofe that are dead, or that chwartyour expectatis 
 ons, or that give no very good hopes of their thri- 
 ving. Iris neceflary to water thefe Trees two or three 
 times during the reft of the Summer. | 
 
 Alfo ftill plant Beee Chards,choofing for that purpofe 
 the brighteft of thofe that are of the growth of the 
 jaft fown Seeds, as being both fairer and better than 
 thofe which are green. 
 
 Continue your Nurferie, of Stramwberrie Plants *:i!| Hh 
 end of this Month, at which time you may perfc@ly dif- 
 flinguifh the good onesby their Stems,or upright Shoors. 
 
 Alfo continue to tic up thofe Lettuces that donot 
 Cabbage as they fhould. £ 
 
 Sow no more Lettuces, except Genua Lettuces, after 
 the middle of May, becaufe all the reft burt only this ~ 
 
 laft fort are too apt to run to Seed.” 
 
 Replant Mask-Melons and Cucumbers io the naked 
 Earth, in little Holes or Trenches filled with Mould ; 
 alfo plant Pumpions or Citruls in the like holes, atthe 
 diftance of three Tosfes, or Fathoms, they fhould be fuch ~~ 
 as have been raifed on Hot Beds, and thereforetomake © 
 them take Root again the fooner, cover them ‘with 
 
 fomething for five o or lix dave uolefsit rain, the great. 
 heat 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 | Vol. If. ‘The Complete Piet 26 2 
 
 heat of the Sun, otherwife being apt to make them 
 wither, and fometimes to kill them quite. | 
 
 Continue to fow a few Peas, which muft be of the 
 biggeft fort : and if you think pace: pulloff fome of 
 
 the Branches of the others that are over vigorous, a‘ 
 
 - ter. they are well clearcd of Weeds: Peas that are dis- 
 
 branched, bearing a more plentiful crop than others. 
 Bring out your Orange-Trees atthe firft quirier of 
 this Months Moon, if the Weather begin to be fecure 
 
 from the affaults of the Frof. 
 
 Trim your Fa/mins when you bring them out, cut- 
 ting off all their Branches to the length of half an 
 Inch. 
 At the end of this Month, begin to clip for the frft 
 
 time, your Palifades, or Pokk-Hedges of Box, Fila- 
 
 vias, Yew, and Efpecias. 
 
 Above all things, care muft be taken to water all 
 your Plants largely, or elfe they wiil roaft and {corch, 
 whereas by the help of feafonable waterings, you may 
 vilibly peiceive them thrive, Alfo now water new 
 planted Trees, and for that putpofe make a hollow 
 Gircle of four or five Inches deep, round about the 
 
 - extremitie of the Roots; and pour into it fome Pitch- 
 
 ersof Water, and when °tis foak'd in, either throw 
 
 _ back the Earth into the Circle, or cover it with dry 
 
 Dung, of Litter, in order to renew your watering {c= 
 
  veral other times, *tillthe Trees have taken faft root a- 
 
 gain, after which, fill ic with Earthagain. 
 You may begin tm replant your Purflain for {ceding 
 
 | _ towards the end of the Month. 
 
 Continue to trim Musk Melons, but replant no more 
 of them after the middle of May. 
 
 But ftillcontinue to plant Cucumbers. 
 
 Abour the end of the Month, begin to plant Cel- 
 lery, and youmay uletwo ways of planting ir, viz. 
 
 either in Gold Beds hollowed into the Ground, as you 
 TQ do 
 

 
 Bed, and placing both the Ranks and the Ce/lery Plants 
 at about a Foot diftance one from another, and that 
 is the beft way for them when they are a little bigger 
 
 ‘than ordinary, that fo: you may be able to raife the — 
 
 Earth about them afterwards, with that which was 
 taken out of the Furrows, and which was thrown up- 
 
 on the next Cold Beds, or elfe replant them on plain — 
 
 Ground at the fame dittance as before, and at the 
 end of Autumn, binding them firft with two or three 
 Bands ; thefe are raifed in Tufts, that you may re- 
 plant them as nigh as youcan to one another, that fo 
 they may be the more eafily coverd with long dry 
 Dung, and the better whitened and defended from the 
 Froft ss. 
 
 Towards the end of the Month begin to tie your 
 
 Vines to their Props, and to nail up {uch ftocks of — 
 
 them, as are planted by Walls, after you have firlt 
 
 -Clear’d them of all their feeble, unprofitable, andun- — 
 
 fruitful Shoots and Sprigs. 
 
 Likewife_plant fingle Anemonies, which flower a F 
 
 Month after, and you may have planted fome every 
 Month fince the lait preceding dngaf?, they blowing 
 
 and flowering in the {ame manner, vif uot hinder'd by 
 
 an extreme cold Seafon, 
 
 Acthe very bepinning of the Month, or at leaft as 
 foon as ever you can, pick off and thin your Apricots 7 
 when there are too many of them, never leaving two q 
 clofe together, that fo thofe you leave on may 7 
 grow the bigger ; and at the end of the fame 7 
 Menth, you may pick off and thin your Peaches and © 
 Pears, f they be big enough, and there be too many © 
 ef them. Abour that time alfo or atthe beginning © 
 of the enfuing’ Month, the firft bright Cabbages are to © 
 be fown for Autumn ee Winter, the biggeft of them ~ 
 which are replanted in July, being to be eaten in | 
 Autumn, and the lefs Vigorous, which are replanted © 
 
 Ss 
 
 264 The Complete Gard Nee Vol. T- 
 
 do Afparagus, planting three ranks of them in every | 
 
 
 
- : 5 BY) “ ; 
 Vol. II. The Complete Gard’ner. 265. 
 in September and Odober, being to ferve for our Win- 
 ter Provifions. | 
 
 Continue to fowa few Radifbes among other Seeds, 
 as you fhould have alfo done ia the two laft preces 
 ding Months. | 
 
 If your Garden be fituated' in a fandy and dry 
 Ground endeavour by the help of fome little Dykes or 
 Gutters to carry off all the water that falls (emetimes 
 in hafty Storms to thofe places that are manured, that 
 none of it may be unprofitably wafted in the Walks or 
 Allies, and if they be fituated in Ground thatistoo 
 firong, fat and moift, drain it away from thofe 
 Grounds that are incommoded by ir, by conveying 
 it into Walks or Allies, to fpend it felf there, or 
 Shooting it off into Stone Gutters that carry it out of 
 the Garden ; tor wkich purpofe you muft raile your 
 Ground into arch’d ridges. 
 
 During all this Month, it is good to lay yellow 
 flock Gilliflowers, by planting Cuttings ot them, where- 
 ever you have amind, or by laying their Branches that 
 ftill grow to their Plants. 
 
 You fhould likewife replant before the end of May 
 fome green curled and Aubervilliers Lettuce, that you may 
 have fome all the Month of June, rogether with the 
 Chicons, and Imperial Long-Lettuce. | 
 ~ You mutt alfo at this time endeavour to deftroy 
 the thick white Worms, which now fpoil the Straw- 
 berries and Cabbage Lettuce, and take away the green 
 Caterpillars, which quite eat up the Leaves of the Cur- 
 ran and Goofeberry -bufles, and fo fpoil their Fruit. ; 
 ““ Ar the end of May, you fhould alfo thin thofe 
 Roots that grow too thick, and replant thofe you have 
 plucked up in another place, as Beet raves or Red Beee- 
 Roots, , Parfnipy XC | 
 
 Provifions 
 
 
 
 ans « ddl je Pita! eo 
 I bile uh 
 
aay 1, op oo ere 
 
 . 266 : The Conolety Gard? ner. Vol. Me 4 
 
 Froveh tows awd Products of May. ns r 
 
 | now the time of the fl: urifhing reign of all. 
 Verdures and green things, and of Sallect, Radifbes, 
 Afparagus, and Cucumbers as to their plenty and abun 
 Nance, Peas and Strawberries now begin to come in, 
 and you may and ought to have of thofe forts of 
 Long Lettuces call'd Alfanges, and white Chicons, pro~ 
 vided you have had timely care to raife fome upon 
 Hot Beds und early to tranfplant them, either in. 
 other Hot Beds, or elfe in the naked Earth, in fome 
 well expofed place. 
 You have alfo an infinity of all forts of Flowers, 
 Tulips, Stock Gilliflowers of all colours, Prim rofes both — 
 deep blue and pale blue, Mu/aris, Daifies, Flames, 
 Spring Honey Suckles, Rofes of Gueldres, tingle duemo> — 
 mies, Xe. 
 Likewife both fingle and double Nearciffus’s, and 
 Peonies both of the Hef or Carnation, and ot che very 
 ved colour. 
 Now you begin to have fome Spring Larks Heels. : 
 You may have the Flower of the Trsfolium Arboreum, 
 or yellow Trefoil, growing on a Shrub, and both the 
 - Common and , Pevfi an Liac, Mary golds, . and Sedums, 
 cotherwife called Pa! mavia, and Musked white ftock, 
 Gills flowers, bork fingle, and double, that is to fay, 
 the Sultans, As likewile Columbines, Veronica's, or Fluel 
 lins, P: umed or panached Facinth, yellow Martagons 
 with their Fame coloured Pendant, Spanilh Carnati- 
 on ; Ge. 
 
 How 
 
 
 

 
 1 eee es, 
 ; 
 
 ' i Vol. iI. The Complete Gard'ners 269 | 
 
 How to judge certainly by viewing ae viftting 
 a Kitchen-Garden, whether there be any 
 thing wanting in it, which it fhould be ftock'd 
 with in the Month i abd 
 
 Vy TH EN Magy comes in we haver no longer oc- 
 
 | cafion to demand why fuch and {uch {pots 
 of Ground are yet bare, Spanifl Gardons, Golhflowers, 
 
 Chard beets, Cellery, andeven Artichoaks, and Cabbage 
 Lettuces, which were not to appear {o early, and for 
 which thofe places were defign’d, coming to occupy 
 them at the latter end of April, or beginning of this 
 Month, and Purflain which becaufe of the delicatenefs 
 of its temper, had “till now been retain’d in the Seed 
 Clofet, comes out atthis time to gild the Earth, and 
 to offer it {elf in abundance to pleafure irs Matter. 
 The Serawberries beginning to come now to Maturity, 
 
 open and lead the way to the other Red Fruits, which 
 
 are immediately to follow afterthem: Green Peas are 
 
 ready to fatishe the longing Appetite of the Jickerifh: 
 
 Palate: There ts hardly any but Spinage, and Maches, 
 
 that ftave off the performance of their duty "till dugu/? 
 
 and September, for we may now fee fome litile begin- 
 
  nings even of Endive, and if “Hafting or Early Cherries 
 
 were the firft Fraze that appeared in this Month of May, 
 
 _ the Hafting Apricots, the little Mufeat Pears, and the 
 
 Avant Peaches, or Forward Peaches,, will not leave them 
 long alone to enjoy the glory of being the fole Riches 
 and Ornaments of our Garderis. 
 
 ) 
 
La et) me Wie wes A ee AT = “¥=4 NS SO Ste” ew oe SA “) ial = ot 
 Ae ‘ J aig Wheat Ae * v 
 } 1 OT ek, ' + he 
 
 268 The Complete Gard'ner, Vol.W. 
 Works to be done in June. 
 
 N June, plant Leeks in Holes or Trenches, fix full - 
 Inches deep, at half a Foot’ 8 diftance one from the — 
 other. 
 
 Continue to fiw Endive, and Genoa Lettuce that 
 you mdy be furnitht with fome to replant upon occa _ 
 fon all che reft of the Summer. 
 
 Replant Beet Chards tn order to have them good to 
 eat in Autumn, they are belt placed in the void*{pace 
 remaining between the Av tichoak Ranks, they mutt be fet 
 at the diltance of a Foor and a half one from the other. 
 
 Take greatcare to extirpate all the Weeds which 
 now grow up in abundance, and that Paar 
 before they run to Seed, to prevent their multiplyingy 
 which they are apt todo too much of teen 
 without fowing. 
 
 Now without delay, clip all your Palifade’s, and 
 edgings of Box, fo that they may be all furnifhe 
 at fartheft at Mid Summer, and have timeto fhoot out 
 again before utumn 5. now you mult liberally water 
 all Seeds fownin your Kz‘chen Gardens. 
 
 Water plentifully, every day. the Cucumbers upon 
 Hot Beds, and Musk-melons moderately two or three 
 times.a week, allowing half a Pitcher full of water to 
 each Plant. 
 
 From the middle of Zune begin to graff by Inocula- 
 tion, your Stone-Fruit Trees, and efpecially Cherries 
 upon great Trees, upon Wood of two Years growth, 
 which are cut off three or four Inches from the place 
 where the Scutcheon is to be placed. The beft time — 
 for this is always before the Solfice. 
 
 Grofs Soils muft be often ftirred and manured, that 
 they may not have time.to grow hard, and chap, 
 commonly we beltow an uaiverfal manuring or ftir- 
 
 ring 
 
 
 

 
 Vol. I The" CompleteGard? ney's ee 
 
 ring up the Ground upon al! our Gardens in this Sea- 
 fon, and the beft time to ftir dry Grounds in, is either 
 alittle before, or atter Rain, or even whiltt it rains, 
 that the water may more f wiftly penetrate the bottom, 
 before the great heat comes to turn it into vapours, 
 and for ftrong and moift Soils, we muft wait for hot 
 and dry weather, to dry and heat them, before we 
 move them ; careful Gardners make Dykes to convey 
 the gluts of Water that fall about thistime in hafty 
 Storms, a crofs their Squares, efpecially if their Ground 
 be light 5 bet on the contrary, if it be too ftrong, they 
 drain the water out of the Squares, as J have faid al- 
 ready, when I was {peaking of the works. of May. 
 
 Carefully cultivate your Orange-Trees, according to 
 
 the method prefcribed in the Treatife compofed pur- 
 - pofely on that Subject. 
 
 Take up Tulip Roots out of the Ground at the 
 end of this Month, Enett Leaves being then withe« 
 red, 
 
 Disbranch Harico’s or French- Beans, aad towards 
 the end of this Month, fow Peas to have them firto 
 eat in September. 
 
 Proviftons and Proauéls of June. 
 
 FOU have now abundance of all forts of réd 
 Fruits, as Strawberries, Currans, Goofeberries 
 Cherries and Bigarro’s or Heart-Cherries, &c, 
 Some Pears, and particularly little Mu/cats. 
 Abundace of Artichoaks and Beet-Chards. 
 Great flore of Peas, and of Garden, and French 
 Beans. | ! 
 Great flore of Mufbreoms and Cucumbers. 
 Alfo great plenty of fine, or {weet and ftrong fcen- 
 ted, or Aromatick Herbs, viz. Tame, Savory, Hyfep, 
 Lavender, &c, And alfo of Medicinal Herbs. 
 
 Reman 
 
 ee eee ae a Poe. oe oy OY Se ee) Pee eT ieee VAS eae J ee ee i BY Py eee ee ee eee es eras 
 WP, B eee ena ao i : i atkdiaee | 2ST an ONAN 9 8 AE 
 Bonu . i f ¥ y ne TP say uy “ 
 

 
 Roman Lettuces, and white Alfange Letintes,” and a= 
 bundance of Genua Lettuces, and Purflain. — 
 
 Abundance of Flowers, as well to garnifh Dithes, ‘ 
 asto fet out flower Pots, viz. Double Poppies of all 
 
 colours, white, pale, violet, flefh colour’d, or Car- 
 
 _natien, flame coloured, purple, violez atone and - 
 
 panached or ftriped yellow, and violet Panjfies, ‘Larks 
 Heels, Fulians, Fraxilenes, or Fraxineliass or Baftard 
 ’ Dittanies, Rofes, of all forts, viz. double, panached. 
 
 or ftriped, double Eglantines, or Dog-rofes, Rofes of — 
 
 Gueldres, Cinnamon Rofes, white Lillies, yellow Lillies, 
 Matricaria’s, or Feather fews, Ajphodel or Afphondel Li- 
 lies, Calves Dieu Virga Aurea, or Golden Rod, of Falfe 
 Flowers of two colours, Gladsolus’s, Veronica's, ot Flu- 
 
 ellines, Spanifh Cabin Mignards, Verbafcums, of 
 
 Mullein Flowers, double Coqueriers. 
 
 _ Thlajpi, or Treacle Muaftard of two forts, the great 
 and little Mujcipua’s Valerians, Touse Bonmes, or Alzoods, 
 or good: Haries, Poets Gulliflowers, bath rhe whire an 
 Carnations, yellow Willow Herbs, or Loofe-ftrifes, 
 Lady-Gloves ; and towards the middle of Fune, Roman 
 Chervil, Orange Flowers, Tuberofes, fingle Anemonies, Mice 
 nardifes, and Marine or SeaViolets. is 
 
 And you begin to fee tome Cabbages. 
 
 Flow to jude stately by viewing and vifiting 
 a Kitchen-Garden;: whether there be any 
 thing wanting in it, which ii t foould be fg ‘d 
 with inthe Month ‘of June. 
 
 
 
 HE parching heat of the Month of Fine hin- 
 ders us indeed from going into our Garden in 
 the heat of the day, but what charms are there nor, 
 in going to vilit it Morning and Evening, when the 
 
 cool breathings of a gentle Zephyt reign there ane 
 ves 
 
 270 The Complete aS NV e “Vol, on i og 
 
 - 
 
 
 

 
 ‘ 
 
 es 
 ra 
 
 Vol. Hi. The Complete Gard’ner. 
 
 
 
 ont 
 oN Ae 
 
 ya ya 
 ¥ <9 
 ates 
 
 Sovereign {way ? Now is the Seafon when we may 
 
 _vifibly perceive with our Eyes, all things to grow and 
 
 thrive, and fee a Branch taat five or fix days betore, 
 was not above afoot long, now fhet out to three or 
 four. Leeks are now planted, and fquares covered 
 with green Herbs, complete the Tapeftry that adorns 
 the Ground ;the Vine Flowers make an end of througk+ 
 ly embalming the Air, which was, already over per- 
 fum'd with the grateful odour of the Strawberries. 
 We gather in all parts, and at the fame time with 
 -profufion diftribute all thofe Plants that are become fo 
 beautiful and accomplifhed ; we fill up the places again 
 we had disfurnith’d, fo that there hardly ever remains 
 any part void ; and nature now affects no better dis 
 
 -vertifement than to be amazing us with Miracles of 
 
 fertility, fo well affifled as fhe is, by the kindly warmth 
 of the Father of Light; only fhe needs now and then 
 the Auxiliary refrelhment of convenient moifture, moi- 
 flure which the propitious Clouds femetimes abundant- 
 ly pour down, burt which fometimes the Gard’ners In= 
 duftry too is fain to fupply her with in the time of need. 
 The Cold Beds and Counterbarders levelled and adjufted 
 even to a Line, and well {urnifht with Gabbage Letez- 
 cess, the forch of Artichoaks uf different colours which 
 now appears, is not lefs admirable than the Palifades 
 and Pole Hedges {o exquifitely weil extended. 
 
 
 
 Works to be done in July. 
 
 3 qs this Month, many forts of Seeds are gathered, 
 
 and Endive is fown for the provifion of Autumn 
 
 and Winter. Wealfo fow Royal Lettuce to have it 
 good for ufe at the end of Autumn, : 
 
 Sull continue to fow fome Cibaules and white Beers 
 
 for Autumn, and fome few Radifbes in cool places, of 
 
 facth 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ate, yw Li 
 
 TD Se OE wa Tt. te ee), Ale aa Fe SUT yt ie, See 
 Sh Te LN ence ; nat ve nS Bet 
 
 ‘oy2 The Compe ¢ Cart) nef “Vol. te wr 
 
 . fich as are extremely well waterd, to havethem fic 
 
 to eat at the beginning of Auguf. 
 
 If the Seafon be very dry, begin at the latter end 
 of the Month, to graff by inoculation of a Dormant 
 
 Bud, upon 2: Ouince-Trees, and ‘Plum Trees. 
 
 Begin to “replant White or Bright Cabbazes tor the 
 
 end of Autumn, and the beginning of Winter. 
 
 Sow more Lettuce Royal. 
 Sow for the laft time, your Square Peas in the mid- 
 
 dleof Fuly, that you may have has to {pend in Ofo- 
 
 ber. 
 
 In this Month particularly, Peach Trees produce fe- 
 
 veral fhoots. About the middle of Fuly, begin to lay 
 your Clove Gillflowers and Carnations, it their Bran- 
 
 ches be ftrong enough to bear it, otherwife you 
 
 ftay “till Auguft, or the middie of Seprember, 
 Proviftons and Produéts of July. 
 
 Y TN JE have in this Month abundance of Artis 
 
 chokes, Cherries, Griots, or Agriots, and 
 wie nibs or Heart Cherries. 
 lenty of Strawberries, Peasand Beans. 
 Great ftore of Cabbages, Musk.melons, creme 
 and all forts of Sallers. 
 Some white Endive, and fome Radifhes. 
 Some Plums, viz, the yellow Plum, and the Cerf 
 of little Cherry-Plum. 
 Some Summer Calvil-apples. ss 
 A great many Pears, Viz, Maidlin Pears, Cuiffe 
 
 Madams, or Lady Thighs, great Blanquets, or great | 
 
 White Psars, Orange green Pears, &e 
 
 About the middle or latter end of Ful, we have 
 the firlt Figs. 
 
 Alfo we have Verjuice, 
 
 As for Flowers, we have Gilt a great many, and 
 the moft part of them , have menrion'd in the pre- 
 ceding Month. Be 
 
 
 
 ag 
 
 
 
MS i gS | a 
 
 Volk. Uy “The Complete Gard'ner.’ 2.93 
 
 We have befides them, Geranium, Nefeolens, or- 
 _ Night felling Crane: bill; Rue with’ its Olive-colour’ d 
 )-Flower, Ferufalem Creffes, both fingle and double, 
 Y Kidney-Beans, of a Heme’ colour, which laft till No-. 
 _ vember, Cyanus, or Corn Flowers, both white; and pale, 
 "violet, Capucins, or Naftiirtes, Camomils, and towards 
 | the middle of Fuly, Clove Bei pesiets press Carnations be= 
 "gin to come in. | | 
 
 
 
 Works to be done in Auguft. 
 
 ROM the very iniddle of Auguj?, you mut be- 
 
 gin to fow Spinage to be ready about the mids 
 
 die of September, and Maches for Wnter Sallets, and 
 Shell Leteuces, to have Provifion of Cabbage Leteuces ; 
 
 atthe end of Autumn, and during the Minter Seafon. 
 
 Replant Strawberry Plants in their defigned Places 
 | Which you have railed'in Tufts: 
 
 At the latrer end of the Month, fow fore Cabbage 
 in fome good Expofition, to remave into a Nurfery, 10 
 
 fome other well fheltred: place; where they are to pafa 
 the Winter, in order to be replanted in their asnenes 
 places in the following Spring. 
 
 Alfo fow all the Month long fome Cabbage i in fome 
 good Expofition, aswell to replant atthe end of Septem 
 ber or beginning of Oftober,in the places where they are — 
 to remain under fome good fhelrer; asto have {ome 
 ready hardned againft the cold; to replant again after 
 Wanter, either in the naked Earth in the Month of 
 March,. or, upon hot Beds, at the very beginning of 
 February, if the Winter be very cold, sey muft be 
 covered with long Litter: 
 
 Sow Onions to have good ones the next year, at the 
 very beginning of Ful, which fhould be replanted i in 
 
 ppaateh next following: : 
 ‘Ry V We 
 
 
 
 ee a ee ee ae ee | | lhe ee 
 
274 Te tae Gard’ Nee - Vol. dey | 
 
 We replant a great. deal of Endive at a large foot _ 
 
 diftance between Plant ‘and: Plant,’ as’ alfo Ryal and 
 
 Perpignan Lettuces, which are very: good f in atin a 
 
 and Winter. 
 
 Sow Maches for Lent. ied 
 Continue to nail up your Wall:Trees, «nl by tle 
 and lictle, to uncover thofé Fruits, which you would 
 have tinged with much Red, as Peaches, Api-Ap- 
 ples, &c. 
 
 Tye up your Endive with one, two, or with ~~ 
 three bands if it be very high, but the upermoft 
 Band muft be always loofer than the reft, otherwife 
 the Lettuce will burft i in the fides whilt i it is white- 
 nin 
 At the middle of Auguft we begin to cover with 
 compoft, the Sorrel that was cut very clofe to recruit 
 its vigour, a good Inch thicknefs of Compoft is enough 
 to ftrew allover it, becaufe they would be apt to rot 
 if you fhould ufe more to them. 
 
 Pluck off the runners of Stratvberry Plants, to pre- 
 ferve their old Stocks in the greater vigour, and when — 
 their Fruit is paft, which is about the end of Fuh, or 
 the beginning of uguf, cut away allthe old Stems, 
 and old Leaves, that they may produce new ones. : 
 
 Still continue fowing of Spinage, for the beginning 
 of Winter, 
 
 Take your Onions out of the Groucd «s foon as — 
 their Stems begin to dry, and let them lie ten or twelve ~ 
 daysa drying in the Air, before youlay them up ~ 
 in your Granary, or fome other dry place, or elfe ~ 
 bind them up in Ropes, becaufé otherwife they would — 
 ferment and rot, if they were laid up before they 
 were dry. 4 
 
 Gather your Shaloe at the very biginkay ofthe — 
 Month, and draw your Garlick out of the Ground. 
 
 At 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 Vol. 10. ‘The Complete Gardner, 275 
 
 _ Arthe end of Auguft the Florifts {et into the Earth 
 re their Facinths, fair Anemonies and Ranuncislus S$ Or Cro 
 foots, Funqusls, Totus Aibus's and Imperials. 
 At the beyinning. of this Month, tread down the 
 ‘flems of Onions, and thé Leaves of Beee-raves, or Red 
 Beet Rovts, Carrits, Parfnips, &e. or elf we take off 
 their Leaves quite, to make their Roots grow the big- 
 ger in the Ground by bindring their oP from fpends 
 ing it {lf above Ground. 
 
 Prévitions and Produtts of Augutt. 
 
 V E have at this time abundance of Sunimet 
 YY Pears, and of Plurss, and of fome fore of 
 Peaches, as Muudlin, Minion and Borirdin Peaches, &cs 
 
 -Asalfo of white Endive: 
 
 Plenty of Figs, 
 
 Great {tore a Musk-melons and Cucumbers, 
 
 We have alfo {ome Citreils or Pumpions: 
 
 We continue ftill to have all forts of green Herbz, al i 
 Kitchen-Roots; and Onions, Garlick and Shalors, As 
 allo - 
 
 Abundance of Lark. Heels, Indian Rofes, and Indian 
 Gilliflowers, or French Marigalds, great {tore of Musked 
 
 Rofes, Monthly Ry ofes, Falain, Latter Larks. Heels, Tubsr- 
 tofes, Matricaria’s, oil greater or lefler Thlaffi’s and 
 befides them, Sun-flomers, Afters, ce 
 
 FT eat 
 
* ba 
 276 The He Complete Gard’ner. Vol te 
 
 How to judge certainly 3 viewing and vifiti iting 
 “a Kitchen Garden, whether there be any 
 thing wanting in it, whieh it fhould be ORG : | 
 with in the Months of July and Augutt. 
 
 . 6 thefe two Months of July ae Auguft, pws 
 Gardens {hould Le fo richly and happily endowed 
 
 with whatfoever their condirion is capable of, that we 
 may find plenty of all things there both to fatisfie 
 the pleafures of the prefent, and provide for the ne- 
 ceffities of the fature time, fo that let us*require of 
 them what we pleaie, they may be as ie i wagieer, 
 as we to make our Demands, . He 
 As for example, have we a mind to all or any he 9 
 
 of Herbs, Roots, Sallets, Perfumes, &c. They will 
 immediately turnifh us withetem; have we a fancy to 
 any Musk: Melons ? we may fmell them a great way 
 off and need but tollow our nofes, ftoop and gather 
 them; Would we have any Cusumbers, flat Pumpions, — 
 or other Pumpions or. Citruls, Mufbroems,&c. They 
 will prefent us with flore of them ; Do our Appetires 
 farther crave after Artichoaks, or ‘Pree, Plums, Figs, 
 é&c, we may be fure to hind there a confiderable 
 
 quaatity of all thole things; or, Have we a mind — 
 
 likewife to have any Sweat ‘and’ Avomaticat! Herbs, © 
 
 as Time, Sage, Savory, &c. or any relifhing Plants, | 
 
 as Garlick, Onions, Ciboules, Leeks, Recamboles, or ; 
 Spanifo Garlick, &c. “There we need not fear to be © 
 fupplicd. Nay, the four or five next proceeding © 
 Months teeta only to have laboured for thefe two 
 latt, fo that we may ex{ped all fhould go well in our 7 
 Gardens in this fealon, if we be provided with a gocd | 
 Gara ner. iwc which above all thing, has the skill to 
 chule welt, and Judgment enough te know how and | 
 when- to’ ga ther. ‘The Carnations now areno {mall 4 
 Ornaments te our Gardens > and thé Floris now are @ 
 
 4 
 
 
 

 
 Vol. HW The Cnipresow tech a7". 
 
 Brifie i couching their Layers, forget not to take their 
 Bulbous Roots out of the Earth, to 2 tay them up. in 
 ey of fhelter and Oe 3 . 
 
 IF 
 
 
 
 “Works to be done’ in September. 
 
 {~~ Sant fill the Wwoek’ oF the “sig 
 4 Month. | ; 
 “Make hot Beds for Myfblocys 
 a a great deal of Endive, but clofer together 
 now than in the foregoing Morths, that ts, place thom 
 at half.a foot’s diftance one from the other, becaule 
 now their Tufts grow not fo large as before. 
 
 They muft be replanted in almoft all the fpare pla- 
 ces from the very beginning of the Months till the 
 fifteenth or twenticth,day. At the latter end of the 
 ‘Monrh, fow Spinage the third time, which. will be good 
 in Lent, and even until Fune following. 
 
 _ Dwing this whole Month you mutt continue to re- 
 move Straw berry Plants out of your Nurferies, to reim- 
 place thofe tufts which are dead in your Beds, youmuft 
 immediately water them, as you muff do all Plants 
 which are fet a-new. 
 
 Set fome in Pots towards the twentieth day, if you 
 intend toforce any in the Winter. 
 
 Tie up firft with Ofier W iths, and afterwards tas 
 wards the fifteenth of-the Month, carefully wrap up 
 with long Litter, or new Straw, fome Spanif Car- 
 
 
 
 th 
 
 dons, and Artichoak Plants, to have them whitened or 
 
 Blanched about fifteen, or twenty, days after ; But. 
 great care mult be taken in wraping them up, to keep 
 them perfectly upright, otherwife they will overfet, 
 and fnap in funder on one fide ; and to hinder, the 
 mast from dying ire A our “fide ton, aefRe mutt 
 Y 3 be 
 
 ; 
 
27%. ‘The Complete Gardner, Vol. Ul 
 bs fenced with a Bank of Earth of about a full. foot 
 wh. . 
 
 ae ram the fifteenth of the Month to the end, ‘and 
 till the middle of O@ober, replant fell Lettucesin fome 
 well fheltered place, and efpecially.near-the foot of _ 
 fome Southern and Eaftern Wall, that you may have 
 fome of them Cabbage tor fpending i in’ Lene, and during 
 the whole Months of April and May. 
 
 Bind up your Cellery with one or two hands Aelow, 
 and then raife a Bu:t or Bank about it ‘either wr h re 
 dry long Dung, or with very dry. Earth to whitenit 
 but we mult have a care not to tie 1 up but in very 
 dry Weather, the fame caution muff be obferved in all 
 Plants that are to be tied, after which, cut off the exe 
 - fremity of the Leaves to prevent the fap from afcend- 
 ing and fpending i it felf to no purpole, — by which 
 means it is kept down in the Buried Plant, and makes 
 it grow thick. | 
 
 Sow Maéaches for Lent, and for Reponces, itis not 
 worth the while to fow them in a Garden, bec.ufe there 
 are enwugh of them i in the Spring-Time, | {0 be ube 
 in the Corn Fields and by the hedge- ides. f. 
 
 Sow Poppies and Larks-Heels i in Fiower-Gardent, 19 
 have them Flower in - Fune and Fu, before them a 
 that are fown in March. : 
 
 Proviftaas and Products of September 
 
 PE have abuntance of Vicler Peaches, Admir az 
 % bles, Purple, Perfi ck Peaches, &e, 
 “Great ftore of Raffet, or Ruffee Pears, melting P Bears 
 Bris Breft, fomie | Butrer-Pears, &c, 
 Plenty of Endive, and of Succory, and of Cabbages. ' 
 Towards the’ end of the Mon. h begin oc come in 
 abundance of fecond 278 Sambal 
 
 “At the larrer end oF the Monih w have likewile 
 fome Spaniflr Caordns” fome Artichoke charade, forme 
 Cellery q 
 
 
 
 j 
 
 
 

 
 Voll. The Complete Gardner. 279 
 ‘Cellery Planes, ‘a great'mahy Citruls, or Pumpions, tore 
 of eves and fome Musk-melons fill 
 
 “Sonie Colly-flowers. — 
 
 ‘We'begin 'to have fome good Mufeat Grapes, 
 
 And fome Oranges, 
 
 ‘As to Flowers we have now great tore of Tuberofes 
 Afters, ot Oculus Chrifti’s, of Flower gentles, Veluers 
 Flowers, or Amaranthus, of Indian Gilliflowerty or 
 French Marigolas, of Indian ‘Rofes, Marvels of Peru, Tris 
 ‘Tar Vohibilis, Lawvel, or Bay Rofes, both white and 
 Carnation, Ultramarine Rofes, Ordinary Stock-Gslli- 
 flowers, bork of the white and violet Sorts, ce. Cicla- 
 
 3 aie and fome Orange-Flowers, with fingle Anemonies. 
 
 
 
 | Works to be done in OGtober. 
 
 “Ontinue the fame Works as in the preceding, 
 4 Month, exespt Graffing, the Seafon for which 
 is now paft but particuiarly you muft be bufie in 
 preparing Cellery and Cardons, plant a great many. 
 
 | Winter Lettuces, and fome too upon old Hot~Beds, 
 
 to force them fo as to have them good for our eating 
 about Martinmas, 
 
 Plant Winter Cabbages on thofe Stocks; lay afide all 
 the Mold or made Earth, to ufe again when you make 
 new Hot Beds, and carry away the rotteneft Dung to 
 thofe Grounds that are to be dunyed. 
 
 About the middle of Beaker carry back into theis 
 Houfes your Orange-Trees, Tuberofes, and Fa{mins, placs 
 ing them there with fome agreeable Symmetry, leav- 
 ing the Windows open in the day, fo long as it does 
 not freeze, but keeping them always carefully fhut 
 at Night, till at laft we fhut them up quite 
 anit away dam up both them and’ the Doors 
 
 V 4 Begin 
 
 eh |! Ae ti ee + ti ie 
 
280 The Complete Gardner. VoknIk | 
 
 Begin to Plane allforts, of ck astopa as.their Leaves 
 ‘arefallen, ria: yee de 
 Continue fill to aren a great many Winter Lettu- 
 ces in (ome. well, fheker'd. Place, and.on fome\ good 
 
 Borders, at fix or feven Inches guards one from the | 
 
 other, there ulually., perifhes enough of. them, torpre- 
 
 vent our Complaints of thei ir Rese: toa thick, tages 3 
 
 “ade 
 “Towards the Tredleg of, Offober, “the, Florals Plang 
 
 “their” Tuly aps, and all, hich Buibous Roots not, Yer fet into” 
 
 thes Ground. 
 
 ‘Ib this Month yo you: Osha perform, your. af mension 
 
 and turning: up of ftrong, heavy, . and. moilt Grounds, 
 
 -as well to deftroy the Weeds, and giving an Air of 
 _ neatnefs..and agrecablenefs to our Gardens in this Seas 
 fon, when the Country is more vifited than at any 
 other timé, (48 to make thatfort Of\Ground timely con- 
 tract a kind of Cruft, that may hinder the Winer wa- 
 _ters.from, fo. eafily:.penétrating thém;candiot thé’c> 
 -trary; may, {hoot them off, foxy to places of a low 
 Sinsation. | Aura yursg “dud Seq wor at 
 wrieat 19 convenient. to. Ayia to! fow now" in Sse 
 ; ‘Paeltared place:towards:the Solehon Haftyvor. elferupan 
 Hor. Beds, whole Salletss Socthat are torbe made ufe 
 “of in Winter, orearly in the Spring: upon Gondition 
 that ‘in due time. — Tbe well cavereds when’ pa lh 
 
 again the Haldis cow 9 m0 Se alt 
 
 ax 
 
 ry 4: ‘ioe S730 i We bre o@ ok: wy: ory 
 
 ib Prog Ons ‘aia ute af OBebs: . 
 Y cise re? aarh - sannx0 BOY & uel 
 i nage oa of fecond: Figs): nn 93 9 
 a0 -oooPlenty, of Mu/eqe; and Chaffele's Grapes. gni 
 “Great fore, of Bucter, Pears, Doyenties, -Bergamots, 
 i 2 Fn Lanfacs,) Crafans, and, Meffier-Fobasy +s 
 Abundance. of Endive and: Suceory, Cardoms, Arsi- 
 abokg Chards, Mufbrooyisy/ and nd Cucumbers, and fill 
 forme 
 
 
 
 PRU Hope - 
 
 
 
 ee a ee ee ae ee 
 

 
 x 
 
 Volk The émplete Gardner, 2% 
 ome. Musk-melons tod, if there have been no hard 
 Frofts. ,,. Wi weeldeed we ae 4: bat 
 vo We have, all Maanner, of Rreem Por: Herbs; Sorrel, 
 Beets, »C heruily Parfly, sand ),Cebouls; - Roots, « Garlick, 
 Onions, and Shalots, hm Siaony VAR TT AGW fo uslhe ail as 
 9) Great flore:, of Peaches, wine; Admirables, ‘Nivets, 
 White, Andilties, Latter . Violet Peaches, Yellow latter 
 Peaches, Rambouillet, ‘and Cadillac Pavies, Yellow Pavies, 
 MA RedRavistact chiw vodetsd oie Aves seek be 
 
 sop Spmageandlatter Peas. cissaniad. as 
 » For, Flowers.we have. fingle Anemones) . Tu 
 Aaurels Tome. Flowers, Velvet Flowers, 
 
 besa, 
 almins, Louie al 
 
 Roles, Ciclamens,.\&c. .. - 
 
 * ee 
 P far Ae 
 
 Flow to judge certainly Ly viewing and viftting a 
 
 -_Kitchen-Garden, whether there Je any thing 
 wanting in it, which it fhould Le frock'd with 
 in the Month ef September and Gober. 
 
 yF in July and Auguf? our Kitchen-Gardens kave hgna- 
 
 yo lized themfelves. by their Adusk Melons, Cucumbers, 
 
 _ -Regumesy-and: even by their Plums ictheir fir Figs, 
 
 .ajid fome few: Pears, &cc. we thal) feetBac in the Months 
 tof Seprember. and OGcber which {ucceed.them , they will 
 ifhew themfelves exceedingly Glorious in the mattero£ 
 Fruits which will be-by the abundance of ‘Peaches; Muf~ 
 veat,-and Chaffela's Grapes} of (econd Figs, and.of. Ruf- 
 ufelety. Butter,» Verte, Longue, or Long Green; and Berga- 
 mot Pears, &c. This being undoubtedly the. true 
 /Sealon) for Fruits, oand-the +ime in the whole? year 
 «wherein the Gc untry is moft frequented, Tue 
 = (che moderate temper of the Air which now keeps 
 -an agreeable Medium between the great Heat of the 
 »Dog:-days néwly: pat, «and the bitter.Cold thats to 
 “bring on Mnter 3 Invites cur the irhabitants of the 
 oCitiessto make Sally our.to breath’the free Air of 
 iisow | the 
 
 
 
WR Bt ea |: 
 4 aw 
 
 oBo Tha Complete Gardrier. Volloit. 
 the! Country,and to sfift ar@atheririg ‘of Fryes: 
 
 And the Gardens ought now to furpafs in an ai _ 
 “quantity all chéy were'accuftomed'to produce in other 
 Months, nor‘is it fir now to fuffer one (peck*of Grotind 
 
 to lie idle. For if any fquare hasbeen newly disfar- 
 
 nifhed, -as\forexample, a Garleek, Onion, Or 'Shallos 
 Square, &c. you fhould take care to fille up prefently 
 again with. Spinage,Maches, Chervily ‘Ciboules, “8c. 
 
 The fame courfe is to be taken with fomé Beds of Sum- 
 
 mer Lettuces, which fhould be ‘fuieceeded bya great 
 number of Endive''Plants, Winter Lestices, &ds) The 
 Bulbous Roots of “Flowers ‘mutt now be pur into’'the 
 _ Earth again, to begin to take fiich WeW Rot asmay 
 
 defend them againft the rigours of the approaching 
 FY inter. +h Eat uh gt HI, 
 
 r % z 
 rie<w tr 21 
 
 
 
 FN this Month begin to force an Artificial Spring by 
 ~ the means of your Hot Beds, upon which we fow lit- 
 tle Sallets, viz. Small Letiuce to city Chervil, Creffes, &c. 
 Plant Leteuce to Cabbage, under Bells or Glass 
 Frames, and rep'ant upon them, Mint, Tarragon, and 
 - Balm Plants, and {ome Sorrel, wild Endive or Succory, 
 and Macedonian Parfly, and Burnet, and if penipori ven 
 fill continue pretty fair. make an end. of planting 
 Lettuces in places of good fhelter, = | 
 ‘This is particularly the Month of the greatelt Work 
 and Labour of all, in order tothe avoiding the in- 
 convenience of wanting Gardew neceffaries, which is 
 no ordinary Companion in this dead Seaton, for in 
 earneft the Cold fails not to make great’ Havock in the 
 Gardens of the lazy’; and therefore atthévery begin- 
 ning of the Month, how flaticringly fair foever the 
 weather | 
 
 
 

 
 Vol. I, The cube Gardner. 282 
 
 | ‘weather appear, there mult be fome dry long Dung 
 brought and laid near the Endive, Artichokes, Chard 
 Beets, Gellery, Leeks, Roots, &c. that being ready at 
 hand, it may with the more facility in few hours be 
 thrown upon every thing that needs it,to prevent their 
 deftrudtion ; and affoon as ever the Cold begins to 
 fhew it felf, you mult begin to cover your Fig-Trees. 
 
 Affoon as the Frof's appear, begin to ute the long 
 Dung which you have been careful to order to be 
 brought and laid ready in needful places ; for ex- 
 ample, if ix be for Artiebokes, you may keep thema 
 lite elevated towards the North, to ferve them inftead 
 of a fmall fhelter, till you cover them quite ; or elfe 
 if you be prefled with work to be done elfewhere, you 
 cover prefently, always taking care however before 
 you cover them, to cut off all that is withered from 
 them. A little of this Dung ferves againft the firft 
 attacks, but we redouble our coverings as the (Cold 
 dupments. ‘They which are not provided with that 
 fort of dry Dung, may ufe inftead of it, fuch dry 
 Leaves as are gathered up in the neighbouring 4 bods. 
 
 if you have a mind to whiten for Chards any of the 
 biggett of thofe Artichoke Plants, tie them below with 
 two os three Bands, and then wrap them ab: ur with 
 long dry Dung, or Straw, which you muft bind over 
 them again, as is already direéted when we were 
 {pc aking of Cardons. 
 
 Ta dry Soils, you muft earth up a little our drti- 
 chokes, which would be pernicious in wet Grounds, be- 
 caule it would rot the Artichoke Plants. 
 
 It is convenient to let the drtichokes alone fo cover- 
 ed rill the full 7Z0on of March be paft, that being com- 
 monly very dangerous; and many Gard’nsrs fuffer the 
 lefs of their Artichokes, in being tempted by fome fair 
 days i in March, to take off their coverings quite, and ta 
 proceed to manuring them ; for ifyou uncover them, it 
 fhould be but very little, and you fhould always have 
 
 the: 
 
Se TLE ee ee eRe aa She Pena) Sacer oy Seaee wy eae 
 
 ee 
 
 18; The Coniplete Gard ape 3 Volt! 
 
 the caut jon, to leave, the Dung c clot ‘by them, ‘to be. 
 ready at. hand) to cover them. asin in cafe the Freft 
 returns. « 
 
 At the very, piste pai he Month, ‘Before: ‘te 
 Frofts becom, make.an end, ‘oft tying up your En ndive. 
 that is big enough to. fuffer it s and aM it wit h. what 
 you can get: you alfo cover your other Eile! inthe 
 fame manner, which .we could. not tic up. [rt like-, 
 wile whitens equally. well ; and it is very. c oavenient, 
 if y WE, havea.c: »nfervatory, ta plant. as many as we can 
 of the: biggett. of them there, i in, tuts, as. we ball 
 further thew. hereafter, scan ae 
 
 Now take the advantage of ae fair idty. enh pe 
 to lay up all you have amind to keep. for j ‘your Winters 
 provifion sand for that effe&, take u up the Plants in 
 "Futts, “with Earth hanging to them,. before they be 
 Froft bitten, and: plant them very clofe to one another 
 in the) Confervatory,. which, tor Example are, all Roots, 
 as Carrots, } Parfnips, and Beet-raves, or Red ‘Bect-Rosts, 
 and Artichoaks, which have Fruit.” The Green ones 
 are more proper for this purpofe than the Violez ones, 
 which are mare. tender and le(s able co endure the Fro/?, 
 and more apt, to purrifie, i in.that_ part next their ftem, 
 than the other which.are more. ruftical and hardy, 
 And_alfo, Spanifh Cardons, Collyflowers, and Endive or. 
 Succory, as wellthe Woite, as the WAld fort, and. even 
 Leeks and Cellery, though. buth. thefe laft will keep 
 well enough inthe naked Earth, when. they are well 
 covered: But here inds to be noted, that Cellery when, 
 ance whitened, muft.he, eaten. _prefently,. otherwile i it 
 
 would rots, And you mutt be careful to raife fome of 
 it late, Rat ie may remain {mallinthe Barth, eee 
 being, very much cavered, which ferves for th the latcer 
 end of February.and the Month. of March. Le 
 
 Thote,.Perfons who live near the Wa ds, will do 
 cat to gather ¥ the leaves there, lot only y.to ma e 
 ug iof or seven @ as I have faid, “2 pets 
 
 ‘lay. 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 | Vel. iL yy The.6 omplete Gard ners 283, 
 
 lay them to rot in. fome hole, the foil. of them) be: 
 ing very good, and. efpecially, to make ufe of for Mold, 
 Now open and lay bare the Roots of Trees that {em 
 
 ‘to languifh, in order to take fromabout them the old 
 
 Soil, ‘cut off as much of their Roots as isfound in an ill 
 condition, and Earth, them. up again afterwards with 
 good new Earth, diss 
 
 Make fome Hot Beds for Mufhorooms, The method 
 
 —fomake them well, is to choofe fome {por of new, 
 
 and as nearas can be, light and fandy Ground, and dig 
 there a hollow Bed of ave or-lix Inches deep, of three. 
 
 or four wide throughout, and of what length you pleafe 
 
 The Dung muft be either of Horfe or Mule, and muft 
 be already pretty dry, and fuch as has been piled up 
 fome time: Then make the Bed about two foot high, 
 
 ranking and prefling the Dung as clofe and tight as. 
 
 you can, yet fo thar it may the better {hoor cfirhe wa- 
 ters to the right and left, which if they will pierce 
 through it, would rot the ene ; after that, cover 
 
 the Bed to the thicknefs of :wo foot mote, with the 
 
 Neighbouring Earth, over which again, throw ano- 
 ther covering « f three or four Inches thick of Litter, 
 which in the Winter may guatd from the great Cold, 
 
 - and in the Summer, ‘bade from the violent heat the 
 
 Miflerooms which may be éxpzéed to {hoot up about 
 three or four Months after. 
 
 Employ. the long dry Dung of which you ought 
 to have made provilion in the Summer, tocover your 
 Fig Trees, as. well thofe of the Wall, as Dwarfs 5 
 and for thefe laft, tie all their Branches as clofe topes 
 ther as you can conveniently, with Ofer Withs, that. 
 you may the more eafily wrap them about with this 
 covering 3 atd for the W4ll-Trees, endeavour to 
 
 - leave fo many of the higher Branches as you can, on 
 
 the fides, and to tie feveral of them together to poles 
 or forked flicks that are to fervethem for Props, and 
 by that means, you cover them with more eafe, 
 
 and 
 
286 ‘TheComplete Gard’ner. Vol. tt 
 
 and les charge. Leave on them that’ covering cil! 
 the full Moon of March be paft, at which time, only’ 
 take off part of it, till the full Moon of April be likewife 
 pait. The Fras of thefe two laft Months being dange= | 
 rous to the young Fruit which then begins to put forth 
 ic felf, as the Winter Frofts'are to the Wood which 
 they make co turn all into Pith. 
 
 The days being now very thort, skilful Gard’ ner 
 
 will therefore work by Candie-light cill Supper ‘ie 
 either’ in making of Straw-Screensand Coverings, or 
 preparing’ Trees tor planting, as foon as the Ere pers 
 mits them, or in defigning, &c. 
 Puc thole Trees into the Earthin Furrows whieh you 
 could not Plant, covering up the Roots as carefully as 
 if we were’ Planting them in zheir defigned places, wai 
 out leaving any hollow Chinks about their Roots, be 
 caufe otherwife the great Frofts would f{poil them. 
 
 You may begin at the latter énd of the Month to — 
 force fuch A/paragus, as are at lealt three or four years 
 old, and this forcing is performed, either on the ~ 
 cold Bed in’ the place where they grow, which isthe ~ 
 beft way, or elfe upon a Hot Bed, if you be minded to 
 remove them. But ordinarily we ftay till towards 
 the beginning of the next Month, before we make’ 
 any Effays of that kind, it being in my Opinion, long” 
 enough to have of them for four Months together by 
 Attifice, till Nature be ready to furnifh us with more 
 of them for two Months longer by her own {ole 
 Virtue and Power, not but that we might begin to” 
 force them at the very beginning of September or Ofo- 
 ber. 
 
 The way of forcing themis, to dig the Earth out 
 of a Path, to the depth of two Foot, and the breadch 
 of one full foot anda half, if originally the Path were 
 but three foot over, becaufe there muft at leaft fix 
 ot feven good Inches of Earth be left next the 4/pard- 
 
 gai 
 
 - 
 
 
 

 
 Vol. UH.) The Complete Gard'ner. 28-7 > 
 gus Tufe. The Path being thus.voided, we fill ic up 
 with long hot Dung, very well ramm’d and trodden’ 
 down, till it be a full foor higher than the Superficies of 
 the Cold Bed, at the firft making, and after fifteen days, » 
 — you muft ftir this Dung over again, mixing fome new 
 Dung with it, the better to enable ic to communicate 
 fufficient heat to the two adjoyning Cold Beds, bur if it 
 appear too much mortified, fo that the A/paragus does 
 _. not fhoot up briskly enough, then this recruiting the 
 path-way with frefh Dung and ftirring, muft be 
 repeated afterwards as often as it fhall be neceflary, © 
 which commonly happens to be once every ten or twelve 
 days. If there fal] any great Rains or Snow, that may 
 have too much rotted that Dung, fo that it appears not 
 to retain a fufficient heat, then mutt it be- quite taken a- 
 way, and all new put in its place ; for in fine, this Bed 
 mult always be kept extremely hot ; asto the Cold Bed, 
 in which the Plants are, the Ground mult be digged up 
 and ftirred a little in it, to the depth of about four or five 
 Inches, as foon as the path-way is filled up, for it 
 cannot be done before, becaufe of bringirg the Dung to 
 thar, (which cannot be done without much trampling on 
 the Soil) which digging being finifhed, we cover the. 
 faid Cold Bed,with tome of the {ame long Dung, to 
 the thickne{s of three or four Inches, and at the end 
 of fifteen days, fo much time at leaft being necefiary 
 to give activity to thofe Afparagus Tufts, that in this 
 Seafon are as “twere dead, or at leaft benumbed 
 with the cold, we lift up the Dung to fee whether the 
 Afparagus beginto {hoot out or no, and if they do, at 
 every place where they appear, we clap a Gla/s Bell, 
 which we alfo-take great care to cover clofe with 
 long Dung, and efpecially a-nights, to prevent 
 the Frof# from penetrating in the leaft to the 
 Afparagus, which being fo extremely tender and 
 delicate as *tis, would be abfolutely {poiled by the » 
 leaft breath of Cold. If in, the day time, the Su 
 
 n 
 fhine 
 
in 288: “Thing Gird ‘mere Voli any 
 
 | figs out‘a little bright, we: mutt wot fail to take ofthe.» 
 Dung fromthe Bells, that the Afparagus may bevifited — 
 by chofe kind Beams chat anirnace all things, and:if bes © 
 fides: thofe Bells, we had likewife’ Glafs\Frames to. clap dy 
 overthem, and {e' doubly to cover whole Beds Of Plantsgy 
 that would be {till more commodiousiand mord advan: () 
 tageous for briaging to ¢fteGt this little Mafter: piece of | ¢ 
 our drt. By thefe helps, the d/paragus (pringing ourof. - 
 the warm Earth, and meeting with a warm Airunder 
 thofe Bells, grow red and green, and of the fame. 
 thickne(s and length’as thofe of the Months of Mpreland 
 Hay ; nay, and prove a great deal.betcer too, becaufe 
 they have noc only been. unatrack’d. by’ thednjuriés of . 
 the Air, bur have atrainedtheir perfe@tiion in much slefs. ° 
 time than the others, and I can without vanity affirm, 
 that LT was the firft that by the inducement of fome ' 
 very plaufible Reafons, divifed this expedient. fy 
 
 Ladd hece, that a Bed of Alparagiie dextroufly fore 
 ced and well miaintained, , produces abundandy 
 tor a foraight or three Neclens and that becaufe 
 the King fhould not want dusing the whole Winter, 
 this new Diihas {oon as the firit Beds begin to furnifh 
 uz, 1 begin to-force as‘many new ones, and fo con- 
 tinue the {ame courfe every three Weeks, till the end. 
 of April, when Nature advertifes me, that “tis time 
 to put an end to thote. Violences 1 have done Her, and 
 that fhe is thea willingia her Turn, to ferve us with 
 fome Difhes prepared by he¢ own skill. 
 
 You may. likewife remove old A/paragus Plants out 
 of Cold Beds into Hse ones, it being true that they {pring 
 there, but they never prove fo fairas the others, and. 
 are attended befides with this i inconveniences, thrgtethey | 
 die there in a very {hort time. nal 
 
 We force Sorrel and Wild Endive, or Swain ee dy 
 donjan Parfly or Alifanders, Séc..in the fame’manner 
 as we do Afparagus, but mol Sono it is done -, 
 
 rate? | 
 
 
 
Vol Il, The Complete Gard’ ners. 289 
 
 | rather j upon Hot Beds, than on the naked Earth, and 
 the Succefs is: very fpeedy and infallible, and particu- 
 larly i in procuring in one fifteen days time, Sorre/ that 
 _ igas fair as thatof the Month of May. = 
 Wefhould have finifhed our laft manuring of a | 
 | Grounds the fifteenth day of this Month, a2 well to» 
 _ render thern impenetrable to the Rain and Snowwaters, 
 } as to deftroy the Wed, and to make our Gardens 
 | appear fomething neat and hand{ome. 
 } | To have Radifhes betimes, that is, towards Chri@mas, 
 | or @analemas, we fow thein in Hor Beds about the middle 
 | of November, I have already laid down direGtions for 
 the making of Hor Beds; in the ‘works of February: 
 - That, which is particularly to be obferved for Radifhes, 
 | isthat we muft beat down with a board, the Superficies 
 of che Mold, to render it a little folid, nll io prevent it 
 from rowling into the Holes that are‘to be’ made to’! 
 | Sow the Rudjhet in, after which, thatthe Bed may be 
 handfomely Sown, we take a Curd rubbed with Plafters 
 of Chalk, or other White matter, and holding i it’ well 
 | ftretched: out between two of us, we mark out with i¢ 
 asmany white Lines, at three or four Inches diflance 
 _ one from another, both throughout the ‘whole length 
 | and breadth of the Bed, ‘as its extent will permit, and 
 then with a round wooden: planting ftick ofa fall'Inch 
 | thick, we make holes all along every Line at thedike 
 ) aittance of three or four Inches one from another; and 
 _we put only three Radifh Seeds into every Hole, andif 
 we chance to let fallany more, we pull upall the Ras 
 | Aifhes that come upabove the number of three. They 
 | Which obfrve not to mark out {uth Lines, but make 
 | their Holes by random-fi ight only, have their Béds noé 
 fo hanfome, and they which make their Holes nearer, 
 dnd whith leave more than three Rad/bes in a Hole, 
 run the hazard of having Rads/bes with a great niany 
 
 Leaves and but lictle Reh There are many Markes 
 Gard ners 
 
 
 
diflance of even or eight! Inches ; aod the Lertuces 
 
 Li an 
 
 reel 5V¥ 1 
 abG. The Complete Cd ner, 2 _ Vol, tt "7 
 Gard’ ners. whofe practice it iss to fow. 1 aah, or occa 
 of Lettuces in February, and Mareb, a-crofs. their Beds 
 of Radi(bes, but then the Holes: matt be made:at the’ 
 
 
 
 thus fown in Lines, will be gathered. and one before, q 
 the Rudifbes are fic to gather. ode a 
 . [fie freezes very hard we cover the Hot Beds, wie. 
 long Litter, for. five or fix days ; befides which,. for. 
 its farther defence againft the rigours of, the Winter, 
 we cover them with Straw-Screens,: of _Coveringss 
 fupported upon Traderfe Frames or. Cradles campofed of . 7 
 Stakes, or other Poles of Wood, -placed. very neat. 
 the Superficies of the Mold, and we ftop the fides clofe 
 up, and if the Fro? increafe notably, we put.anew — 
 Load of long Dung over thofe ‘Seraw-Screens ; 3,bur if, 
 itbe but moderate, there will need no. other covering, q 
 the heat of the Bedbeing fufficient to defend the Plants 9 
 Radifhes thus fown come up in fiveor fix days, and if — 
 the Holes had not fome Air, they would be {moothed 
 and grow dwindling in piercing through the final : 
 Straw. C | 
 We mutt not fail at the beginning: of this Month, 
 to take up in Turf, the Cellery which we had planted 
 at a reafonable diftance, in the Months. of Funeand 
 July, in particular. Cold Beds; and when we have taken | 
 it up, to, carry it into the €onfervatory, or elle to res 
 plant it in fome other Cold Bed, placing i its Plants 
 very clofe regetbe, that rehey mays "the more “sly be 
 epyeted: 3 : | 
 
 ; 
 rs st Att. 
 bid sa, gasliiag 
 
 + 
 ” 
 
 cv ‘ 
 ” in : 
 VARGO ASOD 3 
 
 
 
 abit < \ 
 
 Broviftons q 
 
 
 

 
 g 
 | 
 
 a 
 
 ) Vol. If: The Complete Gardner, 291 
 
 ie: Provifions and Produéts of November. 
 
 Ww E have ftillin the beginning of the Month; 
 
 v \ fome Figs, and {ome latter Yellow Pavies. 
 Winter Thorn Pears, Bergamots, Marchioneffes, Meffire 
 
 Jobns, Crafans, Petstoins, {ome Virgoulee Pears, Ambr ers, 
 ) Lefchafferies, Amodots, &c. | 
 
 — Arlichoaks, 
 
 _— Abundance of sutarnnal Calvil Apples, and fonte 
 
 | white Calvils. 
 
 _ The Fennelers or Fennel Apples, arid Courpends’s, of 
 
 | Mhort flalk’d Apples begin alfo to ripen. 
 WE have Spinage, Endive and Suscory, Cellery, Lets 
 | taces, Sallets, and Pot Herbs, and Cabbages, of all forts, 
 
 t t ee. ad 
 
 and Roots and Pumpions, 
 ee eae bia ryiet . 7 eae r 
 _ For Flowers we have almoft the fame as in the 
 
 | foregoing Month, as allo fame beginnings of Thlapi 
 | JOMPer virens, or ever ftreen Th/a/fis. 
 
 | Eile t0 judge cereainly by vicibing andl bifrity 
 _. @ Kitchen-Garden, whether there be any 
 
 thing wanting in it, which it fhould be 
 Jtock’d with in November: 
 
 k PIE firlk White Frofs of Novembér that make 
 
 _ the Leaves of Trees grow Yellow, and loofen 
 
 them frony thé places where. they grew, that fhrivel 
 up and rot the Leaves of Endive, and of the larger 
 
 Lettuces, and that Blackén the Artichoke Tops, @c. 
 give us warning of the approach of Winrér that mer- 
 cilefs Enemy of all Vegetations: and therefore we 
 invit take ¢aré éatly. to fecure io our Confervatory or 
 Srore houfe, all that is liable to be {poiled bv, the Cold 
 
 - Withbut-doors, and befides, to cover with Iong dry 
 
 X 2 Dung; 
 
ets, and Hand barrows fhould at this time be plyed. 
 
 492 The Hee Gard’n ner. . Vol It 
 
 ing, I would have every body extraordinary bufie in 
 
 which muft be generally of long Dung. 
 
 : A S foon. as. December j is Come it is no longer ti € 
 
 - Gar 
 eee 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Dung, that which we cannot conveniently ‘take out 
 of the Ground, and which yet will run great hazard of 
 perifhing without being theltered with fome covering, 
 and fo in this kind of hafty breaking up, and remov- 
 
 plying their duty, and I would advife our Gard’ner 
 to increafe the number of his Labourers, to prevent _ 
 the damage he is threat’ned with, The prickle Baske_ 
 
 withthe greateft vigour and dilligence, loaden with | 
 fuch things as are to be houfed in the ftore-houfe or | 
 Confervatory, and the other filled with Dung, to cover 
 that which isto be Jeftupon the Ground. In a word, I 
 cannot tell how co pardon thofe that either by i impru= 
 dence or negligence, let themfelves be furprized in / 
 fuch important occafions as this, for | would not have 
 them indulge themfelves any reft at all, till all their 
 bufinefs be done ; 1 would likewife have the ftore houfe 
 ot Confervatory will filled, and all things in it placed in” 
 a regular order. And I would have the whole Gare 7 
 den put on as twere another new kind of loathing, 
 
 ea 3 
 
 
 
 Works to be doneen December. | 
 
 to dally, Fornow the Harsh in Gardens is quite 
 
 {tripe of all irs ufual Ornaments, and the. Froft that 
 feldom fai's to fignalize it felf this Month wichour 
 re{peting the quality of their Mafters, fpares no. bo= 
 dics Gardens, but unmercifully deftroys all it meets 
 with of a nature too delicate to endure its rigour 3 
 and therefore’ it concerns us now to make an end of 
 houfing and of sedan what we could not houfe or 
 : Cover, 
 
 4 
 

 
 Vol. 11 The CompleteGard'ner. 29 2 
 | Cover inthe Month of November, viz Endive, Car- 
 | dons, Cellery, Artichokes, Roots, Collyflomers, Chard+Beet sy 
 Leeks, Fig Trees, &c, And above all things, we mult 
 _ be careful to preferve thofe Novelties which we may 
 _ have begunto advance by Art, as Peas, Beans, Cab- 
 | bage, Lettuce, and, little Sallets, to avoid the difpleafure 
 of feeing perifh in one bitter Night, what we have 
 been labouring two orthree Months to advance. 
 We may likewife ftill at the beginning of the 
 - Month, continue to fow fome early Peas upon fome 
 _ Banks made of Earth raifed in double flopes along by 
 | fome Wall placed in a good Expofition, and efpecially 
 that towards the South, — i : 
 > We tranfport our rotten Dung to thofe places we 
 _ defign to muck and {pread them abroad there, that 
 | the Rain and Snow waters may the better penetrate 
 
 | them, and carry their Salt a little below the Su- 
 
 | perficies of the Earth where our. Seeds are to be | 
 
 } fown.. ; 
 
 One of the moft principal, Works of this Month, 
 is, at the beginning of it, to make a Hor Bed of long 
 | new Dung of the ordinary breadch of four Foot, and 
 height of three, and as foon as its great heat is {pent, 
 we muft fow upon ir, under Glafi Bells, fome good 
 bright Curled Lettuce, and as {oon as ’tis grown a lit- 
 
 } tle big, which ufually happens ina Month’stime, we — 
 
 § muft take up the faireft, and plant it ina Nurfery up- 
 on another Hoe Bed, and under other Bells, to the 
 } number of twenty, or twenty five under every Bell, 
 } and when they are grown reafonably big there too: 
 - we muft take up the biggeft with a little Barth about 
 them to replant them, to the number of five or fix 
 I under each Bell, to remain there till they be quite Cab- 
 1} bage, which ufually happens towards the latter end 
 | ot March, and we take care to fence them well from 
 the Cold, as well with Coverings of Litter, as by new 
 heating their Beds es 
 
 _—4..* oo ’ ~— as Se ee ee eee ee ee ef: 
 
 
 
-moifture that gather there in Abundance, ard when 
 
 TABS And, 4 
 _'+.Some-very green and tall Sorrel ia fpite of the 
 hardef Frofis. sin ae 
 - Spinage.- ’ 
 
 ; 94. The s\Caplets Gard’ er. > Vole Il : 
 
 i oe atte hie aes 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 - We praétife the fame method in fowing thefe Let. 
 zaces inthe Month of Fasnary, and in replanting ine 
 February, that we may have fome. ready betimts, ‘that 
 is, towards the end of March, andto continue fo dow 
 ing till the Earth produces ui fome of her felf, without 
 the help of Hor Dung. At this time they thar em= | 
 ploy themfelves in rearing” Novelties, {pend the molt 
 part of each day in covering them at’night, and uncos 
 vering them i in the: morning, or _ all conges to no- 
 thing. . 
 When in the inter time, we are edie dnd ol : 
 ing of Lettuce upon Hor Beds, and under Bells, we muft 
 be careful often to lift 1 up the Bells, to take away.thé 1 
 dead Leaves, there being’ a great many that rot and 
 perith, and one roiten Leafrots others. The infide 
 of the Bells muft alfo be cleanfed from the filth and 
 
 there comes a fair Sun fhiey day, ‘we mult not fail ta 
 life up the Bel/s, that the moifture may be dried up 
 that fticks abourthe Leaves, » Bur the che'f. ft thing to 
 be obferved above all, isto k-ep the Beds’ moderately . i 
 hot, by recruiting drickionve heating, ‘and rar f 
 
 them from time to ume, vee me ws 
 
 Fz : 2 ie 
 
 Pra vifions and Produéls of December. 
 
 - 4 
 
 Y the affi Ashes of ou: Stare sls atl C onferv ator 
 
 we have all the fame things that we already, i 
 mentioned j in the Month of November, ° 
 
 We may allo now begin tohave fome beta Aa | 
 
 Winter Cabbages, as well oft the ieliiaind long fi ded 
 fort, which a are the molt delicate, at of the green fort: 
 Abundance , 
 
 \ Midas? " 
 
 ~ 
 

 
 
 
 Vol. Ue TheCompleteGardner, 295, 
 Abundance of Virgoulee Pears, Thorn Pears, Ambrets, 
 St. Germans, Dry Mertins, Portal Pears, &c. As alfo. | 
 _ OF Api Apples, Pippins, Courpendu’s, Fennellets or 
 Fennel Apples, and {ome Calvils to ftill Ge. 
 
 _ Ais t0. Flowers we have ftore of Lawrel, Time, Flow- 
 ers, and we have fame Anemonies and Ciclamens. 
 
 flowto judge certainly by viewing and viftring 
 ~. @ Kitchen.Garden, whether there be any 
 thing wanting in it, which it fbould be ftock’d 
 with in the Months of September and October. 
 
 FP ‘HE Month of December, is flill not without 
 ftanding in need of a great deal of aétivity, for 
 
 it often happens that the preceding Month proves too 
 fhort to let us finifh all that fhould be done in it, 
 which muft therefore be made an end of in this, and 
 that particularly if the Cold have not yet made all the 
 havock it is capable of : We muft then mind exadlly 
 to do all I have direGted to be done under the head of 
 the Works of this Month: to prepare the Noyelties 
 of the following Spring ; to clear the places of old Hoe 
 Beds, and to make preparation for the making of new 
 ones with all imaginable expedition, and care taken, 
 not only to have a good provifion of long Dung, and 
 a great many Gla{s-Bells, but likewife to keep all the 
 Gla/s-Frames in good repair, &c. And here | fhall not 
 forget to recommend to thofé curious perfons who are 
 bleffed with the means to doit, to take care to force 
 Afparagus, and to recruit their Beds with new warmth 
 as often as their great heat fhall begin to flag. Itis 
 a work indeed of no confiderable pains and expence, 
 but the pleafure to fee growing, in the midft of the fe- 
 vereft Froft and Snow, abundance of Afparagus, both 
 thick, green, and eter way moft excellent, is great 
 enough to take us off from grudging’ at ou: colt or 
 trouble. nie COD Bry ey a ss 
 
296, The et nee Se wT g 
 ch Ric DBADOUG 
 
 Line cee Cy 
 
 AY @ H A P. ve ah, 44 a ry 
 St + ieee vt 
 
 What jon t of Growdd is s proper to each ie 
 and K itchen Plant. d ow bak gts 
 
 6 = 
 
 Here are cértain forts of Gritieds) which 
 want none of the good Qualities requited. to 
 _ make them produce in-every Seafon, and forva long; 
 time together, all !forts. ot fair, and \good. Legumes 
 fuppofing always, that they be reafonably well culrie 
 vated ; And there are fome that befides thar, have the a 
 faculiy to produce them’ more early than others, and 
 they are {uch Grounds as they commonly call Black 
 Sands, in which is found an equal temper, between | 
 dry and. moi{t, accompanied with a g ood expofition, | 
 and with an ee ble Salt of tte ‘rendring 
 
 them eafie to beenired™ by the Spade, and penetrated : 
 ‘by the Rain-waters : Bur on the. other ‘hand , it As 
 rare enough to find any of thefe perfed forts of ‘Eareh: 
 and that.on the contrary, it is very ufual to meet with : 
 thofe that offend either in being too dry, light,. and 
 
 parching,, of over moilt, heavy and cold, or elie by 
 being ill fituated, as being fome of them too high, fome 
 [90 pe na and. fome of them too lows and tO nUGD } in 
 
 tae ean 4 
 
 Merits it is ni ays a, with a piling Col 
 what retards its iy a is likewife apt to rot the 
 greateft part. if the Plants, and conk.quenily , itis 
 very difficult to correét, and almoft itpoffivle-entires 
 ‘ly to:fitmount fo great a defeG ; but i F is not altoge- : 
 ther fo difficult to qualiie a dry, temper, for ‘provi- — 
 ded it be not extreme great, and that we have the 
 conivenience of Water to water it, and of Dung to ~ 
 amend and entich it, . we are a of two Soves 
 hs eae Re ee Ne ae eg i P24 SE ae ae reign 4 
 oh 
 
 
 

 
 — " 
 
 “Volt na 
 
 | reign and. infallible Remedies, ‘which’ we mutt apply 
 
 
 
 ™ ¥e Cinplite Gard'mer. 2 97 
 
 for its cure. And fo by care and pains we may get 
 the Conqueft over thofe dry and flubborn Lands, and 
 force them to bring forth in abundance all things we 
 fhall regularly demand of them. 
 
 It tollows thence, that when weare fo happy as to 
 meet with thofe choice good forts of Ground, we may 
 indifferently both fow and plant every where j in them, 
 any forts of Legumes or Plants whatfoever, with an 
 
 aflured Corifidence, that they will profper. "The on’ 
 ly SubjeCtion we are obliged to in fuch Grounds is, 
 firft, to weed much, becaufe they produce abundance 
 of Weeds among the good Herbs; and fecondly, to be 
 often removing our Legumes and changing their 
 
 places, which is an effential point of Practice in all 
 
 forts of Gardens, it being not at all convenient to 
 place for two or three times together, the fame Ve- 
 
 ‘getables in the fame piece of Ground, becaufe the 
 
 Nature of the, Earth requires thefe forts of Changes, 
 as being as *twere aflured in this Diverfiry, to Gnd 
 wherewithal to recruit and perpetuate its fir ft vigour 
 And though in thofe good Grounds all things profper 
 admirably well, yet is it a moft undoubred Truth, that 
 
 Southern and Egflern Expofitions are here as well as 
 
 every where cl{e, more proper than thole of the 4% 
 and North, to forward, and improve its produdtions ; 
 
 ‘witnels Strawberries, Hafting Peas 5 Cherries and Mu/- 
 
 cat-Grapes, Fc. “To balance which, thefe laft Expo- 
 fitions have’ likewife fome peculiar advantages, that 
 make them to be efteemed in their turn; for Exame 
 ple during the exceffive Heats of Summer, that often 
 {corch up every thitig, and make our Legumes and o- 
 ther Plants run up too haftily to Seed, they ate exempt 
 from thofe violent impreffions, hich the’ Soa tinke s 
 upon thof places that are’ fully expoféd to his burning 
 Rays, and: confequently our Plants will maintain them- 
 felves loriger in good ghey in thofe fiewations than in 
 the Others, § i. Ie 
 
 Ea 
 
998 The Complete Gardner. Vol, Ip 
 
 _ It alfo follows from hence, that if any Perfon have. 
 Ground, though tolerably good, yet not of an equal 
 goodnefs all over, either cauled. by the difference of 
 jts natural temper, or fituation, and loping inclination 
 upwards or downwards, that then I fay, the skill and j 
 Tnduftry of the Gard’ner (hews itfelf, by knowing how — 
 to allot every Plant the place in which it may beft 
 come to maturity in every Seafon, as well in regard 
 of Forwardnels, and fometimes of Backwardnefs,. as 
 of its outward Beauty, and inward perfection, 
 
 Generally. {peaking, thofe Ground: that are- mode- 
 rately dry, light, and fandy, and {uch as though — 
 they bea little ftrong and heavy, fituated ona gentle 
 Filing towards the Scyth or W%f?, and are backed by 
 great Mountaing, or. fenced by high W4lls again the 
 Cold Winds are more dilpofed to produce the Nor 
 welties of the Spriag, than the ftrong, heavy, fat and 
 moilt Sands: but likewife on the other Hand, in Sum- 
 _gwrs, when there falls but little Rain, thefe laft pra- 
 duce thicker and betrer nourifht Legumes, and. require 
 not {uch large and frequent Waterings, fothat we 
 may find foe fort of Satisfagtion in all forts of 
 Greunds. 
 However thopgh abfolutely fpeaking all things 
 
 _ that may enter into a Kitchen-Garden, may grow in 
 ‘all. forts of Grounds that are not altogether Barrens yet _ 
 it has been oberved ia all times, that all ‘forts of 
 Earth agree not equally with all forts ok Planes ; 3 Our 
 _ able Markee Garé’ners juftifie the truth of this by a 
 _ moft convincing Experience ; for we fee that fuch of 
 them whofe Gardens are in Sandy Grounds, feldom 
 
 - miad.co plantin them any Artichokes, Colly-flowers, Bese hy A 
 
 Chards, Ovntons, Cardons, Cellery, Beet raves, Of Red 
 Beet Roots, and other Roots, &c. as thofe do 
 thar have theirs in ftronger and more hearry Lands, 
 _and on the contrary, thefe lait SPL, not their 
 
 : Ground 
 
 
 
mee Vol. il. | ‘The Complete Gard’ner. 299 
 
 
 
 Ground i in Sorrel, Purflain, Lettuce, Endive, other fall 
 Plants that are ‘delicate and fubjeCt to perifh with Mil- 
 dew, and the Wet rot, as dothofe whofe Garden; are in 
 lighter Lands. 
 
 - From what has been (aid, Asi refalt two Ai 
 the firft is, that an able Gard’ner which has a pretty 
 dry and hilly.Ground to cultivate with an Obligation to 
 have of all.forcs of things in hisGarden, fhould place 
 ig the moifteft parts thefe Plants that require a little 
 moifture to bring them to perfection, as Artichokes, 
 Red Beet-Roots, ScorZonera's, Saififies, Carrots, Parfnips, 
 Skirrets, Beet-Chards, Colls flowers and Cabbages, Spinage, 
 Common Peas, Beans, Curraus, Goofeberries, Ra/pherries, 
 Onions, Ciboules, Lecks, Parfly, Sorrel, Radi(hes, Pats- 
 ence or Dock Sorrel, Sweet Herbs, Borage, Bughfs, &e. 
 ‘And fuppofing the Provifion above {pecified, be al- 
 ready planted in its other parts he fhould fill up the 
 dryer parts of the fame Garden with Lettuces of alll 
 Seafons, Endive, Succory, Chervil, Tarragon, Bafil, Bur- 
 wet, Mine, and other Sallet Furnitures, and Purflain, 
 Garlick, Shallots, Winter Cabbages, Hot Beds of all forts 
 of Plants, and of little Sallets; and he muft place his 
 Legumesthere at moderate diftances, becaufe they grow 
 nig of fo large a Size and Stature there, as in fatter 
 places. And- laflly, he mult keep his Walks and 
 Bath ways higher than his drefled Grounds, as well to 
 draw i iato thete latter the Rain-waters that would be 
 unufeful and incommodjous i in the Waiks,:s to render 
 the artificial waterings he fhall be obliged to ule, of the 
 greater advantage to them, by preventing them from 
 yunning out any where afide, which muft be one of 
 his principal Applications. 
 
 . He mult alfo chufe out in-the fame Grounds thofe 
 Parts which come the neareft to the good temper bee 
 tween dry and moift, for the taifing of Afparagus 
 Strawberries, Careons, Callies. Xe. becaufe thefe forts 
 o} Plants languifh with drowth in places too dry, and 
 
 pert 
 
Tr ee ee ee Bae bk Y . 
 
 300 The C vee Gant ner, Vol 
 
 perifh with Rottennef in parts over-moitt. He mut | 
 
 place i in the Border under his Northern Walls his Alle- 
 Iuia’s, Latter Strawberries, and Bourdelais, or Verjuice. 
 Grapesand in the Counter-Borders of the fame Nor- 
 
 tbern Quarter, he my make’ his Nurfery Beds for 
 Strawberries, and fow Chervil all the Summer long, the’ 
 North fide in all forts of Grounds, being moft proper 
 for thofe purpofes, And as this Gard’ner fhould be 
 curious of Novelties, he-ought to look upon the Banks 
 tinder the Walls towards the South and Eaf? tobe a 
 marvellous and favourable fhelrer for the railing them ; 
 
 as for Example, for the procuring of Strawberries and 
 
 eatly Peas at the beginning of May, Violets at the en= 
 trance of March, and Cabbage Lettuces at the beginning: 
 of April. “He thould likewile plant in the drefled 
 
 Banks next to the fame Eaffern and Weftern Wallis, 
 
 his N artery of Cabbages, and tow there his Winter Lee- 
 tuces, that is, Shel-Lettucer, to remzin there all Aue 
 tumn and’ Winter, till in the Spring it be time to tranf- 
 plant them, into the places where’ they are tocom? to 
 perfe@tion : He fhou'd likewile plant in the Borders of 
 the fame Wil/s, his Faffe- -phierre, or Sampire, which he 
 can hardly have by any other means, which courfe is 
 to be followed in all forts of Gardens; and in the Win- 
 zer time he fhould likewife obferve this particular 
 caution,to throw all the Snow cff from the neighbour 
 ing places upon the dreff-d Borders of thofe Wall trees, 
 and efpecially thofe of the Eaftern Quarter, both for 
 the erecting a Magazine, as “«were of Moifture in fiich 
 places upon which te Rain but feldom fails, as upon 
 thofe in which the violent heat of Sanmer is like to be 
 of pernicious influence 
 
 _ The fecond “thing: is, That the Gard’ner whote 
 Garden is ina very fat and moift Ground, mutt takea 
 quite contrary method with all his Plants to that. jut 
 now above mentioned ; always effuring himfelf chat 
 thof parts of it which are very” moi, wnlefs he 
 35 Hu - af 
 
 o 
 
 ? 
 
 ~ ‘. 
 
 
 

 
 Vol.dI. The Complete Gard’ner. 301% 
 can find means to drain and render them lighter, will 
 be of no other ufe to him than to produce noxious 
 Weeds, and conféquently, that thofe which partake the 
 leaft ot that intemperature, whether by their own Na- 
 ture and Siruation, or by the care and indultry of the 
 ingenious Gardner, are always to be lookt upon as the 
 beft for all forts of things. He muft place inthe drieft 
 parts moft of thofe Plants that keep in their places for, 
 {everal years together, excepting Currans, Goofeberries, 
 _and Rafpberry Bufhes ; as for Exemple, 4/paragus, Arté- 
 chokes, Straivberries, Wild Endive and Sucoory, &c. In 
 _ other places, let him put thoie things which in Sum- 
 mer require the leaft time to come to perfetion, viz. 
 Sallets, Peas, Beans, Radifhes, nay and Chardons, Cellery, 
 &c, and beceufe all things grow thick and tallin thofe 
 fat and moift places, therefore he muft plant his Kie- 
 chen- planes there at greater diffance one from the other, 
 than in drier places; he muft alfo keep his Beds and 
 dreficd Grounds raifed higher, than his Walks and Path- 
 ways tohelpto drain out of his Grounds the Water that is 
 -foburtful to his Plants, and for that Reafon, his Beds of 
 Afparagus,e{pecially as likewife his Seramberry and Cellery 
 Beds, &c.’ no more than thofe of his Sal/ers mult not be 
 made Hollow, as thofe mult be, that are made in drier 
 Aftomare, 7 FO Fe ei | 
 
 Ihave had good Succefs where the Ground is fat; 
 vifcous, and as*twere Clayie, by railing inthe midft 
 of it, certain large Squares where the frequent Rain 
 
 Waiters in the Summer, of the Year.1682, remained 
 _ without penetrating above feven or cight Inches deep, — 
 and by having given tothe {aid Squares by the means 
 of that elevation, a floping defcent on each fide, all 
 zlong the bottom of which I made,at the fame time 
 fome little Dykes or water-courfes about a foot deep: 
 as well to feparate the Squares from the Counter. 
 borders as particularly to receive the mifchievous Wa- 
 tere which by ftaying on the Squares, otherwife would 
 ruin 
 
 
 
 Se oe ee ae a fo el eee aa 
 n 3 Ay. ‘ee ; 
 
Ai 4u ie 
 
 303 TheComplete Burdae ner: Vol ve “ 
 
 ruin all the Planes in them, which Waters afterwards a 
 
 difcharged themfelves into ftone Gutrers, which I had 
 purpofely ordered to be made to carry themoff. Laf 
 rerwards raifed moft of the Gounterborders i in the fame 
 manner, Arch-wife, that what water might remain in 
 them, might {hoot off into the fides of the Walks, alf 
 dlong which there were other little Dikes almoft un- 
 perteivable, to receive thofe Waters and convey them 
 Into the fame ftone Gutters ; and I can truely affirm, 
 that before ufed this precaution, all that [had in 
 thofe Squares, to perifh the Planes with the Rot, and 
 
 the Trees with the Faundice , befides which mifchiefs, 
 the Winds eafily threw up my Trees by the Roots, be~ 
 
 cauife they could hardly take any faft hold in that kind 
 of Groiind that was grown ome and {oft like new 
 
 | made Mortar, of Pap. iy Ran bee 
 
 CHAP, Vi 
 
 What fort of Culture is moff proper for every 
 
 particular Plant. 
 T isd very con(iderable Advance to have fertked a 
 - Garden upona good foot at filt, and to have wiiely : 
 employed; orat leaft affigned out all its parts accord=. 
 ing to the- different Qualifications of its Gisund, the 
 goodnels of its Expofitions, the order of the id 
 and the nature of each Plant: Bat that is not all, 
 
 ~ muft carefully cultivate then¥, in fuch giooncets ag 
 
 they peculiarly requires 
 For theré isa general Calrure of Kiteben Gardent, 
 
 and there is a particular Culture Peculiar to each 
 Plant, Asto the general Culture it is well enough 
 known, that the moft neceflary and important points 
 of it confiftsficft, in well mending and mucking the 
 Earth, whether it be naturally good or not, be- 
 caufe Kétchén- Plants exhauit ic much ; fecondly, ia 
 keeping it always loofe and ftirred, either by digg 
 ing up while Beds; to Sow or tranfplane ia 
 them, @c. or fuch other places where the Spade 
 
 
 

 
 | Vel. Il. The redapide Gard’ ner 303° 
 
 may beemploy’d, as for Example among Artichokes, 
 Cardons, &c. or by pecking and grubbing up where | 
 the clofenefs of the Pianei to one another will permit 
 us to ufe onlygrubbing Inftruments, as for Example; 
 among Strawberries, Lettuces, Endive, Peas, Beans, 
 Cellery, &c. Thirdly in watering plentifully all forts of 
 Plants in very Hot Weather, and efpecially in fandy 
 Grounds, for thofe that ate ftrong and rank require 
 ~ not fo much, always obferving that in both forts of 
 Ground, watering is not fo neceflary for A/parapus, not 
 for Borders or edgings of Time, Sage, Lavender, Hyfop, 
 Rue, Worm-wood, &c. which need but little moifture 
 to keep them in good plight. Fourthly, it confifts in 
 _ keeping the Superficies of our Ground clear of all forts 
 of Weeds, either by Weeding, or digging, or by 
 only raking thena over, when they have not been 
 Yong drefied, fo that as far as “tis poffible, the Earth 
 may always: appear asif it had been newly ftirred up. 
 
 I fhall not infift any longer here uopn the Head cf, 
 the General Culture, becaufé it iso well known to all 
 People, but fhall only declare my Opinion and the 
 practice of able Gard’ners in that which is pectiliarly fo. 
 be ufed to each particular Plane. 
 
 Ifhall begin with obferving’ to you, that among. 
 Kitchen Plants, there are fore that are Sown te re- 
 main ftill in the place where they were firlt, and o- 
 thers again, only tobe tranfplanted elfewhere 5 that 
 there are fome that prove well both wsys ; {ottie 
 that are multiplied witkout Seed, fome that aré 
 tranfplanted whole, and fome that are cut to be 
 tranfplanted, there are forne which bear feveral times 
 inayear, and that laft longer than a year; others 
 that produce but once in a year, but yet laft to bear 
 for feveral yearsafters and Laftly fome again, that 
 perifh after their firft production. 
 
 The Plants of the firft C/afs, are Radsfkes, aloft 
 all Red BeeteRoots, Carrots, Parfnips, Skirrets, Tarnips, 
 
 | Mackes 
 
Xd i? too om 
 
 304. ‘The Conplte Gainers 7 Val. | 
 
 Naches, , Reponces, cor zonerAa $, Sa lfifies, and befides them, 
 
 Garlick, Chervil, ad Endive, or Succory, Harts-Hora 
 
 Sallet, Garden relies Sallots, Spinage, Beras, final” 
 Eettuce to cut, Par/ly, Burnet, Cutting Beets, Peat, 
 
 ence Of Sharp-Leav’ "d Docky Onions, and caiualees. © 
 
 The Plants of the fecond Clas which’ fucceed not’ 
 
 without’ being tranfplanited, are Chard Beets, Celery, 
 and the greatelt part of our White Endive, both long 
 and tied, and Cabbagesy unlels they be fown. very, thin,” 
 or be very much rhinn’d after. they are fown ; of this 
 Clafs are ‘allo Cabbages, moft Musk melons, gabe Cucumie 
 bers, Citrulls, or ‘Pumpions, Potirons or flat Pumpions; 
 Leeks, & ce 
 
 Thofe of rhe third E/4 that is, ‘Tudh as , may be ins 
 
 differently either continued in the places where they 
 are firft fown, of tran(planted elfewhere, are Alparas 
 
 gus, though mott ‘commonly they are fown at firlt 
 
 in Ravfenes, to be traniplanted a year or two after ; ; 
 
 as alfo Bafil, Fennel, Anije, Borage, Buglofs, Cardoni, 
 
 Capucin Capers of Naflurces, Ciboulees, st Time, 
 Musked Chervil, 8&c. 
 
 i3 
 
 Purflain, &e, ae the greateft part of our Sorrel, Pai- ‘) 
 
 The Plants ot the fourth Chafi that are e mul sted 
 
 without beiag fown, are Alleluia, or Wood Sorrel, 
 
 Englifh Crees, Violets, &c. B:eaufe they grow into, 
 
 thick Tufts which are (eparated into many 5 Artix 
 chokes are propagated by their Eyes, Off fers, or Slips ; 
 Mint, and Round Sorrel, ‘Tripe Madamie,. Tarragon, 
 
 Balm, &c. by their Layers or Branches that take Root 
 where they touch.the Earth, the two latt of which 
 are mulcplyed by Seed, as ‘likewife dre the dréi- 
 chokes fometimes: Sawterial propagate by. their. 
 Runoners, Rap berries, Goofeberries, and Currans, by 
 their Slips, or Suckers, and by their Cuttings which 
 alfo take root. Lavender, Worm wood, Sage, Time, and 
 Mayoram, by their Branches which take Root at their 
 joints,.and are alla meuliplied by their, eg 
 
 
 
 ¥ 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 ae C ampete Gard? ner. - O5 
 
 hi common Bays, both by Layers and Seed too; 
 
 “Vines, and Fig-Trees, by their Suckers, Hovked Slips, 
 and Cuttings, whether Roored or not Rooted. 
 
 In the fifth place, thofe Plants of which we cut fF 
 fome part cither of the Leaves or Roots, or both atthe 
 “fame tithe, in order to tran(plant them, are Artichokes, 
 Chard Beets, Leeks, Cellery, &c. Ard thcfe others 
 whole Leaves we do notcurat all, though it be good 
 always to Trim their Roots a little to refreth them, 
 ‘are Endive, ard Succory, moft commonly and Sithy, 
 ‘Sorrel, &c. and all Lettuces, Alleluia or Wood Sorrel, 
 Violets, Bafil, Arrach or Orage, Borage, Buglefs, Capucin 
 Copers or Nafiurces,. Cabbages, Tarragon, Sampbire, 
 Strawberries, Marjoram, Musk Melons, Cucumbers, Ci- 
 otruls: or Pumpions, Puiflain, and Radi ifhes for Seed, &c. 
 
 The Plants that briog forth fevetal times ina year, 
 ‘and’ yet laft fer fome years following, are’ Sorrel, Pax 
 tience cr Sharp Deck, Alleluia ov Wood Sorrel, Biter 
 Chervil, Parfly, Fennel, all Edging, or Sweet Herbs, 
 Wi'd- Bhasse or §udaevs, Macedonian Parfly ot Alifandite 
 “Mint, Tarragon, Samphire, &c. 
  Thofe that produce but’ onte in the year, bur yet 
 ‘Taft bearing for feveral. years tog gether alterwards,. are 
 Alparaghs, and Arsich.k hes, 
 
 And laftly, thofé that dale to be ufeful after shake 
 firft prodution aré all Lettuces, Common Endive, 
 “Peas, Beans, Cuardons, Melons, Cucumbers, Citruls or 
 Pumpions, Onions, Leeks, Celery Arrach or Orage. 
 ‘and all ‘Plants whote Roots are only ia ey as Red: Bee i 
 ‘Carrots, Kev 
 
 Now to give’ youa particular account of the Calis 
 that belongs to every feveral {ort-of Plant, 1. mutt 
 tell you, that this Culture confilts, firt, in obferving 
 ‘the’ diftances they are to. be placed at cne from the 
 
 other ; Recond, in the Trimming ot fuch as need it ; third, 
 
 in plantiog thei in that fituation, and difpofition which 
 
 «they require; fourth; in giving them thofe afliftances 
 XY which 
 
 - 
 
 
 
 FC ER hs woe ON lity Ome, 
 sade: lick he 7 oe toe, oF ny 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 c nee. The Complete caller. Vol. He 
 which fome of them have need of to bring them to 
 perfection, or which are convenient for them, whe- — 
 ther itbe by tying up, or wrapping about, or Earth : 
 ing up, or otherwife covering them, See 
 
 
 
 ‘CHAP. VIL 
 
 Shewing bow long ge every Kitchen Plate may ves 7 
 fitably Mand in inits place ina KitchenGarden; ~ 
 which of them muft be houfed in the Confer- — 
 
 vatory to fupply us in the Winter,and which — 
 are they which we may force to grow by Art,in — 
 Spite of the Froft. And laftly, how long each 
 Sexe of Seed will laft without lofing its Vi ertue. q 
 
 Y. isa very important point in Gardning, to know | 
 how long every Plaur may ufefully poflefthe place — 
 where it grows in our Gardens, that fo the forecaftof 9 
 an able Gard mer may prepare others immediately to 
 fubftitute in the places of fuch, as being as ‘cwere but — 
 Pafler gers, take up their laces but afew Months; for ~ 
 ‘by this means, not only there remains no unprofitable a 
 fpot of Ground in our Gardens, but we feem befidesto 4 
 reap a fenfible pleafure, by enjoying in fome Senfe be- 
 forehand fome things that are not yet in Nature. 4 9 
 
 To treat of this matter well, Ithink it very perti- ” 
 nent to fpeak firft of thofe Plants that are of long du- © 
 ration, whether in refpect of the time they take upin 
 attaining to their Perfection, or of that in which they _ 
 continue bearing. Afparagus, doubtle&, hold the _ 
 firft Rank in this number, and. as to i4/paragus, reck= 
 oning from the time we firft {ow or tranfplant them, | 
 we ought hardly ever to begin to gather them 
 till. their -fhoots. be of . a competent thicknefs, 
 | . : ae 
 

 
 Vol. Il The Complete Gard’ner. 307. 
 
 | which happens not till the third or fourth year after, 
 | bue after that time, provided they be placed in 
 good Ground, and carefully cultivated, they may very 
 well be fuffered to ftand ten or twelve years, it being 
 certain that they will not fail to fhoot upand bear vi- 
 goroufly and plentifully during all that time; bur yet 
 if we perceive any decay in them fooner, we may de- 
 ftroy and break them up fooner; and if on thecontrary, 
 we find them continue to produce well longer than we. 
 re limited, we may continue them longer in their 
 places. 7 
 Rasberry, Curran, and Goofeberry fhrubs, eafily laft. 
 eight or ten years. | 
 
 Artichokes muft be renewed, that is, new planted in 
 
 | a frefhplace after the third year. 
 
 _ The Borders of Wormwood, Hyffop, Lavender, Mar- 
 joram, Rue, Rofemary, Sage, Time, Violets, &c. provided 
 _ they be not endamaged, by an extraordinary hard Win- 
 
 _ ter, may fubfift in their places three or four years, if care 
 be taken to clip them pretty clofe every Summer. 
 
 Alleluia, or Wood-forrel, Mint, Masked Chervil, 
 Englifh Cives, Tarragon, Sorrel, Patience, or fharp Dock, 
 Samphire, Macedonian Parfly or Alifanders, Trip: Madame, 
 &c. may likewife laft well enough in their places three 
 or four Years. 
 
 Strawberry Plants may laft three years, Wild Em 
 dive or Succovy, Anis, Ordinary Parfly, Burnet, Fennel, 
 Scozonere, and Common Salfifies, &c. latt two years. 
 
 Leeks both to cut, and for Chards, and Cibouls, Ss 
 laft a year, that is, from one Spring toanother. _ 
 
 Borage, Buglofs, Red Beet Roots, Spanifle Cardons, 
 Carrots, Skirrets, Cabbages, Milan Cabbages, Collie 
 flowers, Citruls or Pumpions, Harts-horn Sallet, Potie 
 rons ot Flat Pumpions, Parjnips, Leeks, Kc. ke@p their 
 places nine Months, that is, reckoning from the 
 Spring, when they were fown, to the ¢ndof utamm 
 en ! x (3 Garlitks 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 308 The C amplete Gardner Vo 
 Garlick, Bafil, Nafturces or Capucin Caper 
 bas, and Melons or Muskmelons, Shalots, niont,: and” 
 the firft or Summer Turneps, &cc. teke them up only du- 
 ring the Spring and Summer Seafons, fo that. thelrpleces: 
 may receive anew Decoration of Plants in Autumn. 
 
 Arrach, or Orage, Ordinary Chervil, White Endive,” 
 and Succory, Garden Creffes, and all forts of Lettuces, 
 whether tocabbage, or to tie up, Se take: me their 
 Ground about two Months. Sgrad 
 
 ‘Radifhes, Purflain, and Ordinary Chervil, ies) vat 
 up their places but five or fix Weeks, and therefore - 
 they mult be new fown every fifteen eh in Summer 
 time. ee 3H @) 
 
 Hafting Peafe and Beans, continue on ai Ground 
 fix or {<ven Months, reckoniog from the Month of 
 November when they are fawn ; but common Peaf and 
 Beans, and Aricés, or French- - Beans, rake it wipe but, 
 four or five Months. 
 
 Spinage and Maches keep theirs all Autumn: a, 
 Winter and therefore are planted in places where we’ 
 have already raifed fuch Plants as laft not a the 
 Summer, 
 
 Mallows and: Mar /l-rialoms are re muliplyed on y by 
 Sced, and pefi not beyord the Winter. ; al 
 
 The Plants that require houfing in the Gonlervatees 3 a 
 ry during the Winer, are Cardoons, Cellery, Artichoke . © 
 _keads, both the Endiv:s, as well the White, as 
 the WAld fort ; all that areknown by the name of 
 Roots, as Red Beet Rvo?s, Carrors, &c, as likewife Leeks, 
 Cetruls or Pumpions, Potirons or Common. Pumpions, 
 Garlick, and Shalots All the reft refit the injuries 
 of the Winter well enough, viz. Cabbages, Parfiy; 
 Fennel, Cibouls, and even Tarragon, Mint, Samphire, 
 Trip-Madam, Balm, Afparagus, Sorrel, &c. But 
 _ they fprout not till the Spring, unlefs forced on Hot 
 
 Beds. _ Other Plants are not acquainted with that fort 
 cthelp, or rather Violence, fuch as are all Roots, and — 
 
 Garlick, | 
 
 
 
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yo: ) ‘ Tear ae iG fs 
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 eet sae 4 
 
 fees ae Corr Wo LEO P et Oe ae Be SP ct 
 ae ie at ee edt eee i te ee ee 1 ap aa 
 oe orig 
 
 
 
 Vol. IT. = The Complete Gard’ner. 309 
 | Garlick, Onions, Lecks, Cabbages, &c. Add to this, that 
 | bythe fame expedient of Hot Beds we may alfo raife 
 | inthe height of cold Weather, little Sailezs of Lettuces, 
 
 Le a urnitures of Creffes, Chervil, Mint, &c. 
 ere femains now nothIng but to know how long 
 each fort of Seed will keep good ;- upon which I muft 
 tell you; that generally fpeaking, moft Seeds grow 
 nought after one or two years at moft, and therefore 
 it concerns, us always to be provided with new ones, 
 if we would not run the hazard of fowing to no pur 
 pofe in the Spring. There are hardly any but Peafe, 
 Beans, and the Seeds of Maskmelons, Cucumbers, 
 Crernls or Pumpions, and Potirons or Flat Cucumbers, 
 _ that laft eight or ten years. “The Seeds of Gollsflowers 
 . Jaft three or four, and thofe of all forts of Endive and 
  Succory, five of fix years. Of all forts of Seeds there 
 are none that keep fo {mall a time as Lettuce Seed, 
 which yet are berter the fecond, than the firft year, 
 but yet are good for nothing the third. Concerniny. 
 which, with the Particular C ulrure of each feveral 
 Plant, and the Monthly Provifion and Predudts both - i 
 of Fruits and Plants, See the Alphabet, Page 179. 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 The End of the Lat PAR T.. 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 ‘CHAPTERS. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 es oe speach " 
 By N Advertifement with Precaution. to he No lis fae 
 and Gentry. _- ne Page | 1 53 
 
 Some Rules for the Defence of Gardens, me Plantations, — 4 
  againft turbulent and blafting Winds, with Inftruftions a 
 touching Eff pelliat for prejerving tender Greens and — 4 
 
 ec waray : ct pox 
 ‘A Gard’ ner ought 5 to be well Gall din the Galtare “oh Fruite a 
 _ Gardens and Kitchen-Gardens. ees uP z 
 Chap. tiki. 9, } a 
 ‘An Abidgmen of the Maxims of Gard Me: Pe i 4 
 Chap. iv 3 y 
 The Gard’ner’s Charaéter. ak ‘G ee. 
 PART I, Pa a 
 Chap. | Ao eo ae, ae 
 O F the Conditions necefjary to a goa Garden Pe 19 = 
 AS | Chap. i fie aT 3 
 Of Earth in Goneral. Oth. Pp 1 4 
 Chap. iii. 
 Of the neceffary Conditions requift ite to a an Earth Pp 1 2 
 a iv. | K 
 
 
 
 of Earth, 
 

 
 Ge" of fe Situations of Gardens. 
 
 ~The co NTEN TS” ye 
 F Chap. v. 
 
 Chap. vi. 
 of the Expofure of Gardens, and what may Fs va or ill 
 an either of them | p. 18 
 Chap. vii. 
 
 “of the Cinveniencies of W aterings for Gardens: p. 20 
 
 | Chap. viii, ix. 
 a Garden ought to be partly upon a Level, of a Plea 
 
 Rigen, and well plac'd Entrance. (pean 
 Chap. x, xi. | 
 —AGarden muft be well inclo? d with Walls, and not far 
 di iftant from the Houfe Pp: 2 3 
 Chap. xii. 
 
 i How to Corre defettive Ground, either as to quality or ans, 
 
 of quantity. p: 24 
 Chap. xiii ) 
 
 Of Slopings and Reifings p 26 
 
 Chap. xiv, xv, xvi, xvii 
 
 Of the Diftribution of the Ground of &@ Eruit and Kitchen- 
 
 Garden. ibid 
 : Chap. xviii, xix, xx, xxi. 
 Of the manner of Cultivating ab Gardens, and of Tile 
 lage. p: 27, 
 - Chap. xxii, XXiih 
 Of Amendments and Dungs. 
 
 Chap. xxiv. 
 Whether it be proper t0 Dung Trees. pp 32 
 Chap. xxv 
 What fore of Kart _ 33 moj? proper for every kindof Fruice 
 Trees, P33 
 P A RT Itt. 
 
 Preliminary Difcourfe to the third Part, ith i re 
 lating to Fruit-Trees. 
 
 Y 
 Chap. L I: 
 
 
 
a 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 : “ana cart a seth web cimes rece 
 a1 - athons, with the Pages where they. “are. partica 
 cots ned of, baty in Folio and t is A rid 
 
 or norlehd SA Ghape Hoe kiana 
 ofr Peers in Goneray , with their Déferiptions, — 
 aysedT a 9 leeds | Gbaplatid, So 0 Sagi alias) } a i 
 Mr De la Quintinyes. pe. of fidionn. 
 and Cherries 
 oy Sh es a = Chaps ivi ah, fais wpa a hh. 
 ‘of tines Bg en" aan 2h ba wae oe 2 
 Of Vines. cpa : . * 
 
 meet oon oe ad 3 mit Se Pe 
 ‘Chap. Ws age ee 2 
 
 How. to make the beft ufe of the Walls: in every Gat “eae 
 
 “Fhefe 5 Chapters cone fea seMcei Bt as. 
 
 ALG I th tle ‘Vide ‘pe Sa 
 
 ‘ Wine Chip. Sok. y matin’, dim nd J 
 
 igen ie Conditions are required in every Fruic-Tree, | 
 
 to qualifie #06 be ehofen' and Pees d *0 Li me good place 
 
 . ana Fruit Garden, O enti AGE W. 
 weg Chap. xvii, xviii. saat a. 
 How to Chufe Trees © ‘as they baie lig fe Nulery Garde bae 
 
 ens. f HAS op > he i } 4 
 
 ptt “Chap. xix ye 4 
 Ew to prpare a Lreefor' Planting. « got, atk pe 86 eh % 
 ‘Chaps ‘% 
 es and how 20:Plang TL reesy when. realy feted add ip 
 d for it. : hi o® Pe ua 
 Chap.xxi, |. of 
 How to order Trees planted far oa in Ofer Cafes or 
 
 ¥ m e pe ne TL 
 Je A meh e rr. ok 
 
 -. Baskets. AS bs wah 5 eg o% 2 iiteo " “A ¢ ites meh 
 

 
 
 
 = (SERED st a 
 
 
 
 
 ~The L roa Wy 2} Nd IS rs. 
 a" ‘ e ‘P AR Te gh #9 
 
 tae BE ORS - eee MCI. Bh 
 
 
 
 e . ORT. q boo! vs ore: y- iGhag. aes ate ‘ ‘ Lak 
 
 
 
 
 1H E ipo of he Prning ie ek = 95; 
 
 ‘y 4 ote, 4 ae £ Oakly ‘Ghap. 4 il 5 Hi, av. © ie | 5 Bateya) 
 
 | OF ube Renfint in, and Time FP ruhingwt. | f bie in 6. 
 
 Lit 9 Ghap. ve. 
 a ede og of wee: hich Dwarts i ae eh i p97 
 -Ghap." vies | 
 
 oo the dea of Beauty whieh Wall-Frees ve veins Ries 
 
 ther with the Maxims of Palifading; «0 “~ ae 
 
 Ctr 4 Chap. vii. : 
 | Of Branches én Generale? ie T % | + iP ov 
 . Chap: Vilt, 
 
 t iow we difference of el and ill Branches. le son 
 
 Chap. ax. 
 
 The Letsetiin of Wards: arene 2 nd Seng Weak 
 , ward . Xe er 104 
 Chad. mi cont 
 
 The manner of pruning Trees, in the fij?. Rear. pbb 
 
 being planted: | | Pp. 103 
 
 Chap. Ril, XU, xiv, KV. 
 Of the pruning of a Tree that has been planted ong 
 
 Year. ‘Chap. Xvi ibid 
 Of the frft pruning of a Tree that has produc’d two fine 
 fees and both well plac’ d, P. 106 
 
 ~ Chap. xvii. 
 
 Of she firft pruning of a Tree shat. bas diy produc’d 
 two Branches, borh beautiful and thick, yet both alk 
 lad’ d. . . p. 107 
 
 f Chap. xviii. / id : 
 Of a Tree which has produc’d three or four fine’ welk 
 - plae’c ad Branches, or elfe three or four all ones, and 
 thofe all in the extremity, or a little beneath it. p. 1 of 
 
 Chap. xix, 
 Of the Pruning of Trees that have produced fee, 
 Six, or feven fine Branches,  p. Tog 
 Y¥ Chap. xx. 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 | rae RX, XK be 
 OF the fecond Pruning of a Tree, that in es, eh 
 Yar bad apt two fine Branches for Woed- ‘Bg 110 
 Chap. xxii, xxii; BS te 
 of the Beni Pruning of 4 Tree, which bad prodi 
 . the» firft Year four fine Branches of Wood, ‘or mre, 
 Chap. xxiv, p Tir 
 Of Ste Pruning which muft be perform'd the: third Year 
 upon all fortes of Trees ‘Planted within four Besias : a 
 
 
 
 , oo Chap, xxvirn coos ye sabipsag i. 
 
 of the fit Pruning of Trees ee have been patie with 
 many Branches. .. Chapxxvi - Pp 116 
 Of the Pruning of Tall Standards, | or. — 
 Trees ~  Chapo xxvii p 117 | 
 Of the Conduét of Grafts in Slits made upon old:Tiees, 
 asses Dwarfs or Wall, ; | Rie 11 = 
 
 What is to be done in cafes not forefees, oie caine to 
 all forts of Trees, even shofe rhat have been manag'd 
 es all the: Rules of Art: Lh it _ rad | 
 
 | Chap. xxix shang a 
 
 Cinna Remarks for certain fingular cafes veling to 
 
 the Pruning of all manner of Trees. + pe 1 fas od 
 
 -, Chapa 
 iaigierk Remarks for the firft Pruning, Sezehnd to onbe | 
 “perform’din February and March upon Trees of — 
 | 
 | 
 
 Chap. xxviii 4 
 
 Stone-Fruit, e/pecially.on Peach and Apricot Trecs, 
 either Se See or Wall-Trees. hs 428 
 doe “Chap. xxx 3) 
 iperecdly. pe tbe fecond and third Pointn of Blane 
 © Fruit. | Chap.: xxxii.! peep 
 Of the difarens manners of ordering. a Peach: Tree. mm 
 os Summers’ » Chap. xxxtin. © tpn. 1430) 
 Of the Trimming ¢ ‘GienfPon Buds and Salige P. 131 | 
 _ Chap.>xxxiv | 
 of Pinching or ipl to i ae upon forny | 
 Trees in Summer, i tae), wPyy Rg? 
 Rx «eT ee | “Y Chap. xxxv > 
 
 Al 
 
 
 
 
 
oe JE oe! 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ot. 
 fo 
 ¥ 
 . 
 
 
 
 
 e sige XXXV. 
 
 of whas és to be done to fome Trees iit extraordinary 
 
 | vigorous, yet not bearing Fruit. P. 132 
 Chap. XX¥XVi. 
 
 of Fig Pres, theer Culture and Conduét. ee ibid 
 
 aor Chap. XXXVii. ce a oa 
 
 , oF the 1 manner of Pruning pretty old Trees, “ps 197 
 
 Chap.. xxxviil. : 
 oF df of Pruning, in relation. to old Dwarfs. p. 138 
 
 Chap. XXXIX. 
 of defied of Pruning, in relation to old Wallstrees 
 Chap. xl. © ibid; 
 Ofthe Pruning of Vines. 2 P. 139 
 PART Mi 
 
 ‘eo Chep. 
 Y the care shat is requir di to owe Fruits when they 
 | are too abounding. P> 142 
 
 | Chap. ii. 
 Bigs to uncover, at a proper time, certain Fruits ehich 
 - require it, p- 145 
 Chap. iii, | 
 Of the wiaturity of Fi uits 8, and the order whic Nature 
 | a ta in it. p. 146 
 
 Chap. iv. 
 
 ae to judge of the Maturity and Coan of Fruit, 
 
 Chap. V. fr. 147, 
 | Of «the Caufes of the ee pee or Backwardnefs of 
 Maturity of all manner of Fruits, p.145 
 Chap. vi. 
 
 Remarks. vi Maan in every fort of Fruit, and fir/t of 
 
 the Summer Fruit which ripen wholly upon the Tree, 
 
 Chap. Vii. Pe 149 
 
 of he ae thatis proper for the Fruits that are 
 
 gather d, in order to preferve them a forme f nme. Pp. 150 
 Chap... viti. 
 
 Of the Tyanfprsarion of Fruits. * . p. Iso 
 
 » Chap. ix. 
 
ae Lele 
 oo 
 
 
 
 
 
 or the Stoves or tote alee for fei a i sh 
 Rey Chap. poy ’ 3 sae : 
 of the Difeafes of F rut Trees! on, pe 61 
 Chap.. xi,’ xii, Ne, wy. £99 vi + - 9! 
 of Gralfs.and Graffing hj ee 
 : “Chap, xvi” rove » tha rey he Ne he 
 net of Narferies and. Seminaries we Pp 169 
 Chap. sia eaiagy ", Vhs O 
 
 oF the difirens mamer of Levices ee to aor 
 
 {G 4 p. 
 t iy S + 278 
 \ 
 
 'p A R T y I 
 F be Culture of Kitchen: Gardens. 173 
 _ Chap. Bae 
 
 What fhould be planted in a Kitchen. Gintilas #5 reas 
 
 OF geo Extent to render st  compleatl a d. ae i* 
 Shap. ay et Se ees 
 
 A Catalogue of all the Seeds, and other’ bins vitidhead 
 sribute to, the Produétion and Multiplication of every 
 fort of Plant. Together with what fort of eg cs 
 moft proper for every fort of Plant: ja See ig 
 
 The Gard’ner’s Kalender, direfting what is to si 
 done in a Kitchen Garden, every nat in = 
 
 Year. 
 
 What Provifions and Produfls, we may have in baat 
 
 _ every Month of the Year: And 
 How to know if any thing be wanting, which it hic 
 
 Srrould t be Bock'd with in every Month, — | \ 
 Chap. v. oa 
 What fore of Ground is proper ta each Legume or Kitche 
 ~enePlant, — Chap. vi. oe De 256 
 Waat fort of Culture is proper. for every persia Plane. 
 | Chap. vii. Pp» 302, 
 Shewing how long every Kitchen=Plant : may Fi ofhebs 
 
 fiand in ‘its place in @ Kirche: ¢ Garden, &et) ‘And ° 
 Low long each fore of Seed will ‘laft ‘without lofing ‘e 
 
 f Virtue, | 4 30 
 F ENDS. 
 
 
 

 

 

 
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