; ae ee = (== St MLL hye T LAR MALAPUAQUTS ees 28 = SS ETD i TEN 7 ue NG Cee ences SS URE a MM Liddle: —— /, ==YY// (so et =e | a Fy MP — tr fe / iy TE ape Toe abet nt PEs UE: WHT) ; YY WLM DLE EEL N * Ly "EEF yyy Ze 4. Sy ri rr “Ya (uae Mati? ( \ < HAAN ees Cees ii — — ENGLISH EXPOSITION & OF THE ROMAN ANTI- wherein many Roman & ’ Englith offices are paralteld - quities, Cue 338 bare AVCT Av AN and divers obfcure phra- Newly revifed and inlarged by 5 a EN [es explained. For the ufe.of ABINGDON Schoole, the Author. OXFORD, Printed by y Lichfiela for oh Henry Cripps, A, Dom, M.DC.XLITY, = San Hii << t a, 2 eS Gy 1 ia NS a “BS: S % e CH Von Nan VA) : es Oo SS ‘y Wf sy i {| a fl f J . ‘ aft Is Me os SS obey zac iat Alieglay A nO cilia DRY af every ) Book and S Seétion. : oe Me eG ofthe diet parts shereof £2 Of the general divifi Ons f the Ro- «man people, s Ube, ects oo | their Gods. 2. | 2 Of their Roman Priefts with fome Of the Ro-2 particular Gods , together with — | manReligh-\ their rites in a marriages crburials. on. Sect. | 3 Of the Roma games,which endeth — with their manner of taking mea: | is Of their Affemblies called Comiti- i a, which Section begun with the at Roman yeare, concluded with two 5 | Chapters of Roman Garments. x < Of the “tate? 2 Of their civill Magiftrates. political. \3 Of their civill punifhments. | | Sec. 4 Of all thofe lawes which I have ob- if re ferved to be touched inTul.hisOrat. | |i Of their manner obferved in efta- bli fhing their leagues. | 4. thereof. ! | Of the art | 3 Ofthe manner of befieging acity. F military, as 4. Ofthe punilhments towards their _ |itwaspra- | enemies captivated. Ctifed by the\ 5 Of punifhments towards the Ro- Romans, man fouldiers offending. le Ap. 6 Of certain rewards afterthe per | ae : formance of any noble Jina | | Cr Of certaine generall divifie fons of 2 Of the Roman Legion c& the parts ‘gna : ate wel pce Mie aw : a "let ae ope tamactacgn ne, seem j £: > ta a ye ay e « ° bes eX en Rais SWAG | ty meh * a Wie & Mee ne 2 has i i a RE Ls entthe . b os. wt H ete he ~ hk eae ol ag v . “age aiow ana EAN TLOUITLES y Expoundedin Englifb. LIB. I. SEC 1. Ie of the chiefe parts ofthe (ity. o nad gts Tis San Wey Pi eae | ce | De modo condendarum,delendarumé, Verbinm, Efore we handle the defcrip- jg tion of the particular places in the Roman City, ic willnot beamiffe to. premife {fome- ; what concerning the ancient y jj manner of building andraie fing Cities. In the building of Cities, the founders there- of did afually confult with — Bete ty their Godsin their dagural obfervations ; and * this courfe was obferved by Romalus aM. Tullius himéelfe,in the firtt foundation of Rome : After their e4#- lib.1.de divie gurall obfervations , they marked out the place where™™ wih the wallof the City fhould be built , byplowingupthe bith Le “pround,and becatrfe they left that {pace of eround unplow- ed, lightly lifting the Roar it , where they appointe iar we dl SSE Mote BAW 98 C(U EO HQC ie BION Gala N P roe To Bev ~ a :. a “fully deferibed ato: Captato vam condebat,tauro & vacca arabat: ubi a M4 ciebat,ubiportam volebat effe,aratrum tollebat portam: : ee Pe — cabat. Virgila\foalludeth untoit, Se ea » UntereaeAineas urbemdefignat aratra, The manner hereof was, that he whoheld the plough, did caftup the skirt ofhisgowne ontheright fhoulder, and gird himfelfe about either becaufe this wastheufuall habirof fuch who performed holy rites; (.inthenumberofwhich — this prefent action was reputed )or that he might the more _ ~ readily addrefie himfelfe tothe bufineffe ; or laftly, thache — might fymbolicaily by that pacificall habit intimate, thatthe . flourifhing eftate of a: City is not fo much preferved by war,, as by peace. Hence Ovid.lib .4.Faftorum. oa : Ipfe tenens ftivam,defi gnat menia {ulco, ; s : | Albaiugum niveocam bove vactatulit, | €Ceel. Rhod. The¢ like cuftome wasufedalfoin the razing or demolifh- antiq.lib. 26- ing of Citics, when they had been vanquifhed by the ene- “P-5- mies: which obfervation giveth lightto that of Horace. Hb, 1.04.16. “fee Pb ON Paice = ae —urbibus ultima ee | -_ Stevérecanfa,cum perirent ee a. ae Funditus imprimeretg,murts - \Eloftile avatrum exercitus snfolens: = Cap... 2. De monte Palatino. = » 4 : avid. Anton, [ Ouching the name of Rome ,. fromwhat occafion the ~ Conftanium City fhould be fo denominated, divers authors conceit in Ovid Fait, diverfly. ¢Some are of opinion , that this City wasbuilr libs, *y long before eLmeas cameout of Troy, & was thencalled by ~ Romulus it was called Roma,not Romula, __ nitive,Romula , might ominate lefle profperity thereunto. © Some fay,that they builtit informe of a quadrangle, upon ~~ ~ oneonlytull,called Afons Palatinus. £Orhers fay , that Fa- - mination of apallace: & hence all ftately buildings which Rosn.ant. ° Von this Palatine hill alfo {tood the A/j/am , or fanctuary Napa d vpon by mott writ id Remus ,and from ers,that the Founders w ye ty eo ‘ e ; ; oa, es eRoGn.anti veh ¢ : bims lett Rome as it wasfirtt bale 5 with the fields thereof, \jp. 1.cap, mh a ‘ing thereof. Vpon this Palatine hill-was alwaies the feat Rom,1.1.c.2, 2s of the Roman Empire,which from thehill tooke the deno- } Baa in theforme of a bow , theriver Tiber being the fSig. de jur. frm weeall {Pallaces,took their name, Palatia, This hillhadhis pyc. firft appellation Balatinus a Balando , trom the bellowing um in Encid, ofcattle palturing therein former times , & afterwards the lib.8, . firkt letter being:changed;it was called Palatinus : bythe fi- gure aistconor.V irgil {eemeth to beof opinion, that the hill _ wascalled Palatinus by Evander , inremembranceofhis = ~ grandfather, whote name-was Pallas according to that, bok - ——Pofuere in montibis urbem, et s i Pallantis proavi de nomine Patenteum. Virg eEneia 3. ae In proceffe of time fix other hillsby feverall Kings of Rome = ; were added; whereby the City,.and the Pomerium that is, Cy AOC Re ae the territories ofthe City were enlarged ,and Rome called Urbs fepti-collts,id eft, the City upon feven hills. Sed qua defeptemtotum circum|picit orbem coat Le ye _ Montibus imperii Romadeumg, locus, Ovid, Trifl.lib, : I Eleg 4. : e { ; ofrefage, which Romulus opened iinimitation of ( admus, i Alex.Gen, ivi Eaeail cl is a ot dierl 3320, | whoatthebuilding of Thebes was {aid to have opened a , 1; plurale. fanuary of refuge , whither whatfoever malefactor could Gione digna _efcape, were he bond or free,he was not to be punifhed. It de Aji, aan oe : Aa | was .° a ee f | ws Reet be vee reels Try chester tad Sor eeery DeCM RE ey yee 4 eat BE Nak 2 apie, Fs, Me ae MTD Aa The Oak sah Ue aE Sean ie TO Tete ame awed ye ec Ma nn De es oh forgiveneffe of faults not voluntatily committe | thefe two phrafes are expounded alike, Adte tanqua Afylamand Ad te tanquam ad aram confugimus id ¢ | - flyunto theeasouronly refuge. 0 ey Gime. Hoy Wipes Bel cunsidaudoha, Sa ee SHIGE & y es é ae ; C AP. 3's : ; ef Rg Od St 4 ngs Fa Oe: |) Demonte Capitolina, Geos egg: A Ne ee 29.0) co PoE His hill was famous for three names : it wascalled Ce. Bak? | ae by ab ag aml Tarpesns , and mons Saturnié s It wasna- pe otn ane med Saturees hill* from the heathenith God Saturue, who: ' he k Rofin ant, . if ul f aby > libres, , vouchfafed toundertake the protection of that place It was a. named the Zarpeianhill ftom Tarpeia one of the Veltall _ ¢Plurarch, in Nuns,daughter to the chiefe keeper of the Capitol] , ¢ this: . Wola hill being the Caftle of defence for the whole towne )for tet this Tarpeia betraied the Capitoll into the enemies hands , bargaining to have the golden bracelets upon her cnimies oe left hands, fcr this her treafon. Now the enimies when they ee were admitted in,did caft not their bracelets alene, but their Oa bueklers alfo uponher,, through the weight whereof thee was preffed to death: upon which occafion the whole hill . ie -wasafterwardscalled,the 7 arpeam mount ; but more prin- ae cipally acertain rock of that hillcalled Tarpeia rupes , from «whence malefactors were fandry times tumbled headiong.. . The fame waslikewife called the Capitol’, becaufe when s+ + the foundation of acertaine Temple,built inthe Honour of er jupiter was laid ;a manshead, full frefh and lively , as if it mDion.Hi. hadbéen lately buried,™ yea hot blood iffaing out of it ; was . —Licdtb.4. found there; ®e-drvobius faith, that the name of this man 4 in ics eg being alive was 7 o/#s,and hence from Caput and Tolas, the | | magnitad, - : pee dlinmts. irae t — -Roim.cap,y, Whole hill was called (apico/inms. 3 ¥ Re ; ‘ ‘ a a ae ao, Be ‘ Cap. | Be | x ; | ‘ i ~~ pi BY, + ret. | = Of the chicfeparts ofthe City, — = Pe PI tet ee Aa ay ee res A oe ; ¥ ; erties Toe * ' ‘ A?. m 4. ph va es 'ag teen ., 2 ~ se 4 : 4 Meee ee” ‘ ‘ ri 4 ~ Deceolle Quirinali, "¥" His hillbeing in former timecalled Agonals,thenbes °'1-7), ~§ ganto be called Quirinalis,when certain Sabines , cal~ , Ted in Latine Caretes,came and inhabited there , (truce be- ing made between the Romans and the Sabines: ) though - fome would therefore have it named: Quirinalss , becaufe | there was a Temple erected in the honourof Romu/as , cal- Jed alfo Quirinus. It was called inthe time ofthe Empe- rours,7ons Caballzs,that is, the horfe-hill , taking itsdeno- mination from two marble ftatues of «4/exander raming his horfe Bacephalus : which flatues Conffantine the Empe- rout brought to Rome,and placed ‘them in the midft of cer- tain bathes,which he made upon this hill. There doe ap- - pearein this hillthree rifings ; or hillockssahe one being © ealled Salvtare,the other AZartialis, and the third Latiaris. , Antiq,.Rom,. All this may be collected out of © Rofints. 6 bhrie6e fo Cary 5. De monte Celio. ) Alex.Gen. dier.1.6, c. a1. ih cs hill hath his name ftom a certaine P Captaine of | Hertruria, which affitted Romulus againtt the Sabines. On this hill, Kine Tadus Hofilius erected ftately edifices, which foratime fervedas his Palace : but afterward they became the chiefé Cowncell-houfe , whither the Sexatoars aflembled themfelves tor the determining of Srate-mat- ters: and becaufe this Caria, did farre exceed all others, lew ue therefore Abthors many times nfe this word 9 Cursafimplys dice 1.1 fost without'anyadjan@tionsto fignify Curiam Hoftiliam ,asit rieiegs there were no other.Tt mach refembleth-our Privy-Councel eA es A 3 Chamber, a e Muar ‘? only by the Senators, t At this prefent time , this hill is _ a ik, oe ~ beautified with many Chriftian Churches ,as the Churches — “qiRofiaantiq. ae Hi sexcbbbuie gh ant. T is hill was fo named guafi * excubinus, Lop exenbits id ( neat eer called Curia Pompeia 38 other City. {trates were admicted amongft the Senators: and in Curia — _ Iulia,id eft,the Court-houfe which Fulivs made, were’ ext 7 Rofin.ibid. mined £ forreigne matters,as Embaflages: but in Curia Hoo ie ftilia domefticall matters onely were treated of , and that “pAlex. Gen, of S, Stephex,S,panl,and S.Jobn,our Rivivilte Hofpitall, &es dierd.¢. crs. ¥ Ir wasalfo called Afous repiitte ds from the abundance of Oakes ene theress? bylfi'a e | , de one ps eS ( ae ii : 9 _ Demonte Efguslino, eft,from the night watching, which Romulus did uns dertakeuponthat , fomewhat diftrulting thefidelity of the — Sabines, in the beginning of their league. In this hill there were three hillocks,named,Ci [pins ,Oppius,and Septimius, Libs. ie AR Carp. 7. : De monte Aventino, a Alex.Gen. "THee e-fventine mount » took his name @ from second “7 dier.h6.c. 11. I ys a certaine King of A/banum , which was there | buried. “Vpon this hill tood Herenles his Altar, and certaine Temples confecrated to juno,Diana, Minerva, Lucina, and _ Maurcia,id eft, Venus: whence the hill hath fometimes been splits, iD called Diana her hill, and sons AZurcius, Voyon ® this » Romulo, Mount, Remus would hav ebuilt Rome and therefore it-was called Remonius mons: abut firice it hath beencalled Mons Rig. hue, |’. Of the chiefe parts ofthe City, = - ys tagnariws as it appeareth by. Pluzarch in the fame place. It. had moreover thename of the Holy Mount ,being called in - Latine Mons facer, De monte Viminali, Bess of theabundance of wicker twigs, which did. grow upon,this hill,icwas called AZons Viminalis, vi- mea fignitying a twig or ozier. I amnotignorant, that fome_ would have this hill tobe named Viminalis, from. Lupiter- _ Vienineus whereas Iupiter himfelfe was named Uimineus. from this hill, becaufe he had here many altars erected in the honour of him. Both this hill,and Zupiter, were called Fagu- rales, from /ylva fagea,td e§ ,a copsot Beech. trees , which: did grow thereupon. Vid .Rofin.antig.dib.1 cap.g. 3 CaP. 9g. : De tribus collibus adjeHis, Pr Hree ¢other hills there were, which in proceffe of time ¢ Rofin ant: & were added uato the City , which partly becaufe they: lib. 4-cap. ine were not included within the Pomerium{o {oone asthe o- ther,but chiefly becaufe they. were notof {uch note, there- fore Rome retained the name Sepri-coll, The firft of thofe hills was.called (04e Hortulorum,id ef the hill of Gardens, fo termed becaufe of the many gardens neere adjoyning, ; 4 Here wasthe Cirgue,.or the fhew-place of the {trumpet dBarthol,La. Plora,which made the people of Rome heiceto thofe goods tomusin Vers " -yhich:fhee had gotten by. proftituting her body to young )-O!7~: Gentlemen, leaving alfo a certainé fummeof money to pro- | curea celebration ofher birth-day: which becaufe of her in- famig,the people fhaming to doe ,. they, feigned her to a . . the. ~ eLaGantde the trees and fruits earth nami. per; ¢ i ee they might gaine the better credit unto this their fable SN ag Spee adde farther, that fhe was once called Chlorés, and was fl ried unto Zephyrus,trom whom by way of dowry fhe recei- - See ved power over theflowers. The fecond was called Janicu- a ee Zus,from Janus that two-faced God: who,as writers teftifie, Shee was there buried. It did lye beyond the river Tsber , & bath es Re now changed itsname,betng called from the yellow fands, _ Alfons anreus,and through negligence of the Printer; AZoz—" _ torbus,id cf ,the Golden Mountaine. The third was famions” for the many divinations,and prophecies uttered upon it,&_ a ee thence was itnamed Vaticanus from Uaticinium,afore-tele Hy FMunfteric ne itis at this time famous for a Library in it, called Bib. a fua Cofimogs. lotheca pAatic ana ies, abi ia Sa ‘dib,2. cap.8, ’ o ie : arith. ‘ / Cap. 10. De Foro Romano. ee Row hathdivers acceptions: fometimes itis taken for — sou 4a place of negotiation,or merchandizing, waich we cal] a Warkee- place: and being taken inthis fenfe, ithathcom. monly fome adjective joyned with it, as Ponsm boarium, the beaft-market , Forum pifcarivm ,the fifh-market, OF- _ torium Forum,the heatb- market:other times it is taken for any place, wherefoever the chiefe governour of a Province doth convocate his people together, thereto give jndge-- eens mentaccording to the courfe in law : whence a man is fajd, pHobertusin £972 4¢76,8 when he keepes the Alsifes, and Forwz indi. oe ada deeb ? a liat lace where the Afsifes thal b - Sip hib. 3, ep. ceve. when he appointed the place where es fhal be ‘ofams, kept.7 hirdly, itis taken for a place , where controverfies in law are judicially determined , & Orations are haduntothe people, At firft,ofthis fort were only three, Romanum, Juli- . hig ( E, Pe _ Pauli, Here was:the ( omitiam, or Hall of juttice; the Ro- ium deperdic. fra, ideff, the Orators Pulpit; Saturnes SanQuary , or the cap. de bale Spe h Forum Palladinm,becaufein the middle thereof a ?Lipfus de emple was erected in the honour of AZinerva, A fourth magnitud. muft underftand,thatas often as Forwm isufed in this latter fenfe,namely for a pleading place, it is fo ufed figuratively, by thefigure Syuechdoche = for in truth the pleading place, were built certaine tradefmens fhops, which they tetméd # Hen. Sal- Taberna, andalto other ftately buildings, called Bafilice at fe hey in their order. common treafuseehoufe;and Caffors Temple: of all:-which & tabery em, ppt’ \ Se be 2 es 1 . 4 -j “ is # Si , iF ‘ ? by ie . ’ iy : o. hig F ; A Pe: mes t 4 ‘ 4 } a a eer Rom.l.3i¢.70 ~ _—- judicijs lib.1. in judgementrbut.in their abfence it was lawful for Mere . sap.28: _ chants todeale in.their bulineffes. Thofe of chiefé note = 4 ce were three, thus named, Pawli, Porcia, and Iulia. q fon ESS ow re ato! 7 ‘ y Laabet dsidut andinhsigas® A : t y . w " y 5 : % ? Be Comitivss ha ey $B Sig.dejud) fo Omisiam twas apart ofthe. Forum Rowan’, being: 4 lab. & cap, 77 Sevagreat large hallof jaftice,-which for long time was. - “" openat the top,having-no covering, and for that reafon the- affemblies were often diflolved in rainy or unfeafonable. weather. In it ood the Tribunal; being a place erected: up on highinformeofourPulpits, but many. degrees lar-- ~ ger,andin the midi: thereof; the. Sella Curulis »3d eff; the- ‘Ivory chaire;fr6 whence the chiefe Magiftrate adminiftred - juttice;other inferior Magiltrats fitting on benches on each: | fide,which-were called Sab/elia, becaufe they werelower -”...., .thé the Tribunall.Thofewhich fateuponthefebenelieshad ~ | : power ceguofcere,but not pronwaciare; much like'to our Tu- re Hicesat Ai ies, which may examine. or informe againlt a. males. \ g, nd « oe eta ta BL if ‘ Or d.,. Berks abroad brimmed hat, as Corlins Rhodiginus noteth inthe HA _ fame place. = (icero toucheth this: Cotem:iilam, & novacu-.nLic.de die tam defolfam in comitio, faprag, imspofitum Puteal accepi-. Vina. mia. But why it fhould be called Puteal Libonts, isyee . doubtfull, excepc happily Zito was the firlt erecter of this flatue, That it was acommon court, and knowne place of - juftice, Horace witnefleth,Rofcins or abat, fidi adeffes ad pre- Srmmneitbaie? bho Gaeri's foc y 166: on cosh og 4s * o MAG SSHRC 2 : 7 sh 10M cy COT eG) WTExt to the Comitium ftood the Roftra,a goodly faire edifice,in manner of the body ofa, Cathedrall'charchs In it ftood an Orators Pulpit, deckt and beautified withthe _ _ftemmes of many thips,: which the Romans.got from the i) as of Antinm , ina memorable battaile upon theSeaz. = ae And hence from thofe fhip-beakes, called in Latine Ro- @Huber.in Jra,hath this place taken itsname. It may be Englifhed, Cic treafury in that place did allude tothe integrity of time, Coe | Wherein Satsrne reigned, being the Worlds golden Age, | *Butthemoft received opinion, is the ftrength ofthe place, alex Gen; |. whereby it was the fafer tromtheevs. Thetempleby rea. dierlzc2, | \ fonof the ufeit was put unto,was called erarivm,from as, | id est, Brafle: whichname now is common toalltreafiren _ honfes:fortharthe fir money ufed by the Romans was of __. that mettail,untill the yeare of Rome, 485.(asPliny wit, ti nefleth 4. 3. cap. 33.) * Someare of opinion, that before » alex. Gens the ufe of Braffe,they made money of Leather:whence Nx- dier, g.c. 1g, a Pompilivsisfaid to have given Leather money ina dole si unto the people. Touching their order obferved in the | treafury, we mult underftand that their-care in providing sesielb files tancers was fuch, that. they Jaid afide the. twentieth partof their receipts,which they "called aurum ». atey. Gen, wicefimarium, Inceufimarium, and C imiliarchiuns, intoan dierAvz.e2, inner chamber or more facred room, named in Latine era- eh vium fanius.x\Ne may tead alfo of a. third treafary.called x Servius! a. eErarinm militare,wherein edugufivs had appointed thae Vitg. Georg, the twentieth part of certaine Legacies fhould belatd upto. _ defray charges in-extraordinary wars:where it lay fo privi- | Jedged,that it wasa capital crime to ufe any of it, bat in: a i oes Ve extream and defperate neceffity.Notwith{tanding ,howfo- 6 a ; B. a CVer: : ¢ é ; e : a e . Laat sive es. re Fe Mot UE Oe Ga r . : ax - -. -bignefle called dibri Elephanrini, whereinall the na ~~ y Plutarch. in fignes, were contained there. ¥ And from thofe ftatute- — < fais problem. Kool called rabule publice, this treafury was alfo called swith fire, which kept not the facred fire with greater fan- ihe that the Acts of: rate, the book together with firch bookes as were for their their Citizens were regiltred , and alfo their-military En- vid. Fran.Syl-. seers ie ae Opie : PASE who me aa ib Cue T abulariam,becaufe they were laidupthere. ee *. 3” > linar, 4. Car. 16. ~ De campo feelerato, -g Munfter ing" Ammpus {eclerarus the field of execution = lying with- __ _ fua Cofmog. in thecity, joyned to thegate (olima.Itwasthe place = ave where the Veftall Nunnes,ifthey were deflowred,faffered o Plutarch. in punifhment after this manner. There * was made a Vault — Numa," _under the earth with ahole left open above, whereby one — : might goe downe; within there was a litle couch with a burning lamp and a few victualls, whither the defiled Vo- tary was to be brought through the market place; ina litter : » foclofed up with thick Leather, that her mournings might ; not bee heard to the moving of pitty. Shee being ‘thus brought to the place of execution, was fet downe by alad- der into ahollow Cave, and the hole prefently ftopped. And thereafon whythey fuffered fucha kind of death was becaufe they thought it not fit, that thee fhould bee burnt tity and it was thought unlawfull to punifh them by | laying violent hands on them, becaufe they had in former = __ time ferved in {o holy a function. Hhdate No Cav, that he fowed corn there; which, when he was depofed, the: | _-anyman fhould reap any commodity from fo holy a ground.. - Anprocefie of time,the fheaves of corne being (toppedina _ } > Romansdidcaltintothe river Tiber, judging it unfit that - _ thallow foard of theriver,became firme ground, and was; | hae called, The holy Iland;or Efeulapins his lands prefent cee. _ Ty after the expnifion of Tarquinius, tis Campus Martias _ wasreftored unto its former ufe. Befide the naturall pleas. - fantneffe ofthe placeit felfe, it was beantified with many. ~ ofnaments brought out of the Capitol/(the Capitol being - too full) as likewife withdivers images of well deferving: ~ men. Hither did the younger fort of Romans come to exer= | 0 ge Chivalry, namely the horfe-race, the foot-race, wrelt-_ ling, fencing,calting the bow],thefledge, the dart,ufing the fling, the bow; valting, with (uch like;and upon this occae _., fion it was dedicated to AZars and called by Strabo the Ro-~ - ‘ynang great {chaste of vefence.ct he manner of valting was, Corl. Rod: in ridi i Bae being for their horfemen in warre,toleadea fpare _ horfein their hands, befidesthat whereon they did ride;. that when the one did fweat, they.leaped upon the others Back; a defliendo;thofe horfes were called Eas de/ultorij: whence an unconftanr,wavering,and unfetled mind, which: ng.to leape from onehorfe backe upon another, their 21.c,29: 30, Senecacalleth Volaticum ingenium, others havecalledDe~ : | fultorium ingeniumdnthisheldweremenofbetnotebure _ ned, wher they dyed, Here werethe Kings,and other Ma~. fe: io ta gittrateg,, ee (i —-gServiusin giftrates at firlt created. Inthis “field o ya _ Buceclog.1. place at firft rayled like a fheep-pen, called therefore Ovi | aor fepta; but afterwards it'was mounted with ftone,beautified with ftately walkes and Galleries, andalfo, witha Tribunall or feat of jattice, within: which precin@® the people oftentimes affembled to give their fufftages toe : ward the election of Magiftrates. The meanes of afcending eek up. unto thefe Ové/sa was not by ftayres, butbymanybrid- ges,made for that time,every parifhin the aflembly of pas rifhes, and every Tribe or Ward in the aflembly ofthe - Tr:bes,and every hundred in theaflembly of Centurieshas ving his Bridge: whence this Proverbe was occafioned, de : ponte dejiciendus, id eft , he is tobe barred Pomaiviog bi eloan, Ssxo- Voice. '¢ Thefe Bridges were not made over any river, but ~niusin Orat. overt the dry land: whence men were faid to be calt, Von wt © proS.Roltio. periclitarentur de Vita, (ed ne Suffragarentur in ( omitits. Ca Pp. 18, ’ : De Circo Maximo, ye aon 4 2 cas other places where the Romans erhibired a £ \their playes unto the people, the moftremarkeable ‘was the great Cirque,or fhew-place, called in Latin (ir- cus Maximus. It wasa large peice of ground, lying neare er | that partof the Awentswe Mount, where Dianaes Temple le flood. It was builtby TZ arquintss prifeus, with divers gal- , > + Jeriesround about it, from whence the Senators & Gentle. men of the City did behold the running with great horfes at lifts, the fire-works, tumbling, the baiting and chafing: ot wild beafts, &c. In former time, all did ftand on the mea ground, being fheltred from the rain by the helpe of boards oe _- ~ upheld with forks in manner of houfe-pentices : and this on ~ euftome continued untill the aforefaid 7; arquinima erected. ‘ thofe Galleries, called Fors, making thirty dittin@ions of _ ee : 2 He Theatre g hath his name from the Grecke vetbe z Joach.Ca- ; 9249, éd.eff, to behold : becaufe the people flocked merarnorat, thither to behold playes and fhewes exhibited to them. OS de aes ea |. The cnfteme 4 firft {prang from the fhep-heards, who lea. Vic Geo: ee |. ding a contemplative life, were wont to compofe dia- 5 ae | logues in metre, & ar their leafuretotrecite themunder the att trees prefied downe in form of anarbor; whence this thea- ! : tral terme oxyyi hath been derived from ad, a fhaddow, - ee ~but-afterward learned Poets compofed Comcedies, and ~ 1. eae Tragoedies, which were publikelyactedinthe Cityupona ftage: and althonghat the firft it was counted infamous to eres: frequent them,yetafterwards the Senatorsthemielves,yea ts the Emperour,and all thechiefe of Romeaflembledthither, == 8 9° ~ i Neither for along continuance were there any feats built, ; alee Gen, | but Gommons, and Nobles, promifcuoufly one with ano- dierJ.s.c.16. ther, all;ftood on the ground: infomuch that thole which ftood behind, raifed up places with turfes of earth, which gave the people occafion to call the places between thofe | asia | 7 ne a Bt peg he ; he at Mee ks. ft 3 a y . v4 . é rs Servius Ls 3. vitg. Georg. they apparalled themfelves,chough fomtimes it is také for ; 1 a _ the fcaffold.or ttage it felfe: fecondly, the pulpit#, id eff, the - ftage or {caffold upon which they acted:& thirdly,the/cewa, _ that is, the partition,which wascommonly made of wood, - not of hangings. Now that they might change their Scene according to their pleafure,they made it * Verfatilem,id eff, fo that withenginsit might upon the er be turned — round, and fo bring the pictures of the other fide into out- ward appearance: or otherwife Daftilem, id eff, fo that.by. drawing afide of fome wainfcot fhuttles (which before did. hide the inward painting )a new partition might feeme toy. be putup: andI think, becaufe thole fhepheards did act no. i Lipfius de - amphith.c,.1 4. mCoel.Rhod. jib. 8 ,c.8. ¥ more ata time thé one of our' Scenes, hence have we diftin-. suifhed our plaies intofo many parts,which wecall Scenes. The places which were proper to the fpectators, were di- - ftinguifhed according to th eit-degree and ranke; for the ree ~ moteft benches were for the Commons,& called popularia; — the next for the xnights and Gentlemen of Rome, & called therefore Equefiria; the others wherein the senatoys did fit, were comonly called Orcbe/tra:thismay be colle&ed out of! Lipfius.™ Cal. Rhodiginus faith, that the Orcheftra was. that place joyning to the ftage, where: Chorus tpake to the peopleat the end of every a&. Divers authors are of Ce/, Rhod. his opinion, deriving the word Orcheffra, from the Greeke day éoua, to dancesbut it feemeth more probable to. have bina peculiar place.allotted forthe Senators. Ja:Sat.3. cL quales habitus whic fimilemg, videbta | Orcheftr am, & populum--vid eft optimates @ plebe.The | Pe ie ae <5. Syghole - 4 at & - tplaceaboutthe 6 1 fe oe detftand that which formerly | Phe and differed fromthe Theatre, onlyas thefullmoone doth = ; __, fromth | ee ae _ “Fé parte qua concava erat;and Arena,becaufe it was ftrewed phichc.& 3. - With gravell and fand, that pps blood offuchaswereflainin ¥ - upon the Amphitheatre, were called Cavea, For we mut , | oy Oe know “oy were called:and. to declare the proper acception of each, - eee nead. ViA5T7* C oujugss ANLIGUI ~~ Yer ibs3.c.9. fpcake unto God,and God againe to the people. £ Some’ are : Tr, Dy: | Romitian. e and feashirmithes were. oftentimes exhibit a | gn orat. pro og SSyecon in ing of waters t. San Panne oie no SG ee i, 4 | i Car. 20 ) Graver for he batter canbatteig of Claficall : _ Authors, it willnotbe impertinent to pointat the: “ generall names, by which the religious places. - name, the names being thefe, 7 emplum,Fanum, \Delubrums, e/Edes facra,Pulvinar,Sacrarium, Lucns, Serpbiculis,s tk Way Altarey, Foczs.. ° Cae De Templo: rh gRofin. Ant. This word Terplum doth fometimes fi enify thofe a fpa- ee ‘lib.2. cap.2- cesand regions inthe ayre & earth,whichthe Auguresdid quarter out with their crook ftafie at their fouth- faying, ¢ LiliusGy- Sometimes it doth fignify a fepulchre or grave, *becaufe in ‘ ce old times men did fuper(titionfly pray and worfhip at Hic tombes and monuments of their deceafed friends, as if it ‘had been in Temples.or Churches: amas in thar tents ey Virgil beunderftoods. WLib.4. Ae» So Praterea Suit antiquo de marmore templum Molt commonly it doth fignify.a Church, or 7: pil in: ¢ Fr. Sylvius »which fenfe as oftenas itis ufed,it is ¢faid a remplando,from © beholdingsbecaufe when we bein the Chureh,by lifting up ~ our hearts sbytttdivine contemplation, we doe as it were r be a hold the great majefty. of God: ‘ De Fano, Veter S ere Itis.al(o called Fanum,a-fando, from fpeaking: not Ga. | Uirarebvads , the fpeaking of the Prie@gbut becaule the peopiedoe there 'Muren, of: ; i SP ae gy: BER 1 ae oF te Bt eS i: Pal Ae edie ae ss & nurch w delubrum, Synechdochicas; = = he principall partofthe Church,namelythe = ir Idol-God ftood; & it-wascalleddelubr# = = re call the place where the candleis put, oRofia, Ane. Nn candela, As concerning the outward tiq.lib.2.c.2. e Chutches,fome were uncovered,becaufe they aes d itan hainous matter to fee thofe Gods confined un- Pas ie roofe, wholedaing good confilted inbeingabroad: Ee _ other fome covered;fome round,fome otherwife:but with- | ee __ Ainthey muchrefembled our great Churches. Theyhadtheir, | | proudon,or Church-poxch;whereaboutsthey were wontto. st | havetheimageof thebealt Sphinx,which wasfofamousfor * sa ramme,andia bull {acrificed them,and theirentralls being ~~ oo) Jaid upon a turfe, the Pretor offered up prayers unto the 7 ee ~ -Gods,that they would bleffe thofe holy places, whichgood —_- _ men intended to dedicate untothem. Thisbeingdone, the =~ Pretor touched certain ropes, wherewith a great ftone,be- = __ ing the firft of the foundation, was tyed; together with that, © — -_- other chiefe Magiftrates, Priefts,andallfortsofpeople did = helpe to pluck thatitone , andlet it downe into its place, =~ | cafting in wedges of gold and filver, whichhad neverbeen® purified,or tryed in the fire. Thefe ceremonies being ended, the Arusfex pronounced with a loud voyce, faying, Ne te- —meretur opus, {axo, aurove in alind definato,ideft,Let not ame _ this work be unhallowed, by converting thisftone,or gold, “© iene _intoanyothernfe. if teeta ae a De cide (arg. SS aS Fourthly,a Church was called e£des /acra,an holy houfe, becanfe of the facrifices, prayers, and other holy exercifes ~ performed therein. Although(as Gel/izs hath long fince ob- ferved )every holy houfe was nota Church. For the proper note of diftinction between a Church and a religious houfe : was this, thata Church befide that it was dedicated unto hee , fome God, it was.alfo hallowed by the Azgares, without Bae ’ which hallowing the edifice was notcalleda Church, bura ' Se ST Loe religions houfe-:of which fort was the Veftall Nunnery,and § the common treafury, called eEdes Saturmi,We may adde { Barthol.La- hereunto this word Palvinar,: which doth often fignify a romusin Phi- Church: the reafon being taken from acuftome amonett the lippic.4.am. Painims, who were wontin their Churches to make certain eee beds in the honour of their Gods, and thofe beds they called pulwnaria ple Ghouel gr pr 0 i mpe * gibt - Temples ued 6 certaine vere) dedi- 4. “a = Sle bodes that name,becaufe ofth 7 the factifices there burnt. : De Scrobiculo, Ara, Altars, whe gious bonfes,or their ‘groves, were of three forts: which we: x Rapthtee feverall names, Serobiculus, era, and Altares. 5 Dm Serobiculi.. ™ Scrobiculas was a furrow, or pit containing an altar in ity into which they powred downe the blood of the beaft Sn ; ~ _ flaine, together with milk, hony, and wine, wie Bey {a= ctificed to an infernall God. - De Ara. aes - The fecond kind of altar was called-Ara, either 26 ardéns do,becaufe their facrifices were burned uponittor fro their oo _ Mepicoations ufed of that time;which in Greek they called -deds. It was made foure fquare , not very high from the gtound, or as fome fay,clofe to the ground: and upon this. they facrificed unto the terreftriall Gods, laying a turfe of - gtafle on the altar:and this gave /#rgi/ occafion to call thein Perdras gramineas,id oft, oraffic altars. De. Altars, “The third fort was called Alsare,either becanféi it was cx- -alted.aad abi up fome-what high from ies eround;or be=. 2 i ye } ‘ Ac Cie fom fome: ofthe Gods:they were calledinLatine Luci, cet om as divers fay , by: the figure antiphrafis, But: exceeding light it had in the night time by: bee of: 4 a The places upon which they facrificed either in their reli: - in Englifh tegme altars; but the Romans diftinguifhed them: — j canfe: nar ; lone, _{Frane. Syl vius-in: orar,. ait Mu- a wistdet Gen. aie 260. np Ving, Ee, ABE r ~ colic, eclog, 5. se : ; allied 4 3 fovende:becanfe a as Servins hath obferved ¢ P Aululars ac. 2, Sc, 5. q Turned. Ady. 1, 40 Co7e me. 0 eerie in Buc cis th 4 “Forse isa wena name, fignifying a any of cus quicquid fovet ignem,fi ve ara fit, five quicgni ¢ quo iguis fovetur But in {trict propriety of {peech, it is taken er char ales on.which they facrificed to their domef ae Gods, fuch as were their Penates, or Lares; as it appeareth by Plautus,P . ass Haci immponentur in focum walla Laré . Us fortunatas faciat gnate nuptias, ° ea ene! Wa ‘Whence arifeth that Adage, is contare. foin= ding 4s muchas to fight for the defence of re igion andones private eftate; or (as our Englifh proverb is) for God and our Country; the proverb being in its originall, part of the oath that was adminiftred unto the Romane Souldiers: and — thus it is pons by aTurnebus. aes LIB: ae ing “SECT. he Whe 2 ace mes fly i a ‘5 : ver ‘e. te 8a be ba xt ‘yt Cc A ee ok i ; Bg. nes ate ¥€, ‘ Pat pe a Romano, FE? cms prime dif fone, Hus having premifed z a fhort Treatifec cone cerning the firlt fituation of Rome, and the g~mere molt pes ible parts thereof, I purpofe Cae 2G to einhabitants, which-Antis quity hath Riled Citizens of Rome. And . ae GP ie Erafimus rather defcribing a Romane, then - defining him, faith, a Roman was grave in his coverfation, _fevere in his j@gement, conttant in his nc, ‘Whence Cicéro inhis Epiltles often ufeth this phrafe, for ex anima, id est, unfainedly, * Sigonias rendring the de- finition ofa Romaz citizen, averteth that no man is /ege op- tima: id est,in fulland compleat mannera citizen of Rome, but he which hath his habitation there, which is incorpora- - ted intoa Tribe,and whichis made capable of chtyepretcts «4 ments. By the firtt particle;thofe whichthey tearme Adwnie cipes; by the the-fecond,thofe which they call /ngaifini;and by the third, thofe which en calk Libertini are ih a man- ner an } YY, BO Gg wits isis de jure, Rom, I T.Gol, : Rom.|.1. Co3s. ae ae and taxed in co call Tribes.in proceffeof time increafed'tnto the number -of35.)butdividing them according to their f verall na ti ons, which at the firlt were dagats civitate.sd eft, made fret denizons of Romezand (they being in. number three. £.1) Sabines , which werenamed: 7 atien[és, ‘fronr.their King. | Tatius. x, Che Albanes, called Rhamnenfes from Romulus. . 3. Other nations promifcuonfly' flocking outgfother coun-. tries tothe Romatre -4/plum placed in-a grove cal led:in La. tine Luavs, whichgave Rorelas- occafion to name them. Luceres: ne made in-all, three Tribes sjusds,ornationall.. After that Remalws had thus divided the whole body of the" Romans.into three Tribes, lie then fabdivided ‘each ‘ ‘Trive. iato ten-leffernumbers, which he called Cariz,or - parifhes: andither followed five other divifions in re pect. - of their different degrees, and callings: of which in their: ree ttt} feverall order... _ king therefore foure Tribes 2217, local namely Saburaza, . Palatinam, Ci ohinam,&¢ Efquilinam,.(w hich number of los. — GAP: ec; : The generall divifions of the Roman people. 27 Peee i : a Rok hes Pm. i iow Pas ers . Cap. a a x. ry 4 ‘ Saf nee 5 ‘ - | a «De prima divifione Romanoram, in Senatores five “" ® . — Patres,Patricios five Patronos, & Ple- | ~..... beios five Clientes, HIDE opus firkt divifion of the Romans in refpe&t oftheir de- - *. § greeand place, was this: The elder,wealthier, and gra= “ veft fort of Romans, were called fometimes Patric, ei- ther becaute of their‘age and gravity ; or because they had many children ( for great priviledges were granted unto fathers of three children:) and fometimes Patrons, becaufle they were as Patrons and fathers in helping and affifting the | caufes of the common people feeking tothe. The younger, | poorer,and fimpler fort were called, as they had relation to , the Patricij, Plebesj id eff the cotmmons;as they had relation to their Pairdaisthey were named Clientes, id eff, Clients: ~ > between whom ¢ there-was {uch a mutuall,and reciprocal] ¢ Lazius de intercourfe of love, duty, that as their Patrons were rea- pore Rote dy to protect their Clients,fo the Clients were bound with nbs 2 cng all faithfullnes to cleave unto their Patrons? & that not only to credit the with their attédance in publike affemblies, bue todisburfe out of their own purfes towards the beftowing of their daughters,the paying of publike mul @s, the givin of largeffes inTuing for offices; &e. Neither was it la fall for either of them to inform,to depole, togive their voices, or to fide with adverfaries one again{t another without the guilt of treafon: for which crime of treafon they were diss inferts aah i. curfed to hell, and the law gave liberty for . | any man to kill them.Outofithe Patricij did Romalus ele& i! 53 oocountellers to affilt him in determining matters cOcer- ning the commonweal: to thefe did Ro#ulue Hter adde a- } nother 100, & Targuinius Prifcus, as divers Authors tefti- fy,made thé a compleat 300, which they called Patres, or D.2 . Senatoreé, ae @ © samons alfowerescligit tTarquinins Prifcus. ad regis ythatT arquin cus. added the {eco Senate outof the Commons,4 who were : < fa @ Martin. Phi- the werec ~ Aericus in Cics yes minorum geatium,id.ef , Senators of the lo - Lnep. fam.» Bowens added the lat 100,& madethem 3oo:at\ = ae | | And this accor ets deth with Loanwes Rofa in his Epitome of the K | @. — fory, in his.\Ch, de Regibus Romanis: where he faith, that: one “ng Tarquinins Prifcus did-double the number of the Senators: Giga ¥ ; ae Fig ee Yee TOE Eee ae ‘ a pep : > oe ee ¢ : < ia { € ‘ hand x 2 Y cs Ft sey A P oe S R . ee ey > war) e Ta roy . ‘ : ifs Py : 5 ay ' ; : bis Da Pesta rt Awe Ss id El’ vt ‘ x Hs : 1 ey Se sy pest dea means, not only thé prefent King was exiled, but the Autho. — pee. 2)yity ofa King everafterward detefted’ & perpetually abr 3 : gated: fo thatthe office , which was b fo iy DEN, 5 = ke I ‘e { Pa i = : : k. : : et at Neat t FRofinantiqs gy . Pe? gy ta 8 pry, | near fe yt | ce oe filk inmanner of broad sseahebart 3 fyetthey might weare int F a: a . * a ‘ ( . the: 4 soe fale . ¥ aS i : ‘ - “is a : Fe 0s fe d blicus, béean'@ of the years ; asadicaball oniciery reafitry. tokeephim > it ee re tae tonifs of their’ fervice i in Ble ie A | arrofe they: aving their horfes kept as well in "pede: aS oLipfde mai hey: eceived alfo a-gold-ring,*whereby they were ginitud. Rom: hed from the populacy: for it was not lawfull for 1. dials. to weare a gold-ringunder the degree of a Senator;ora deel Gen, ee | > ae ntleman: Theeftimation and value of a Senators eftate a areas | dontill Anguftus his time was oftingenta feftertia , that ix Suet i ite: -6000!; k Of a Gentlemans eftate, it was quadringenta fef~ oulk, — yo |‘ bertia,y, ofour Englifh mony 3000!, 3, The: third: order, “Gt ae tib-33 zi a _ degree inthe Roman Comimon- wealth was: Populus, the “p-22. “ Pepeoyer @ommons; which fhould exercife tra TN ee | ing,mas | Burethe ground, leok unto the cattle, &c. Where. by the | Wayywe multonderftand thatthe bafer fortofthe Romans,. |. ‘“whichdidwander apand dawn,to& fro, not fetling them. _ felyesto any-vocation, were! notcontained within this di-: vifion, for unto themrthere: was no name vonchiated, bur: % ode ty according tothe Poet they were fe acum Orgs 8 Livyfaith, acest path men of no account, an pie ree At Lise Ge ofnoname.. rer QS ta 7 Bigbpentesdeah 3 Cate pohiwh aisha, 0 le | ~ De.tertia divifione te Nobiles, Novosy, “;: 200i fis 1407 ee | eet - OF Ignobiles. Mick 30 Oa Of THe slew on! was: -talken from the right or priviledge ee nae De | of having Images; for they: were accounted: Noble:: te men, which had the Images of their Predecefourss = 9 = 14 42? Fhofe which had their own Images only were called Woe." : i : j o@ = : elamalas coyned Nobles or upftarts. Salufinterh this oe ae ae Mond ea MAS 3 i 4 i Cae : a) : 1Sie. de jur. Rom, 2,¢.20 ae m Alex. Gen. ; A * “ders raph 24 & proceed, we muftunderftand , that it was not lawf who would to have his own image if he fo defired;for none ‘might be thus priviledged , but thofe alone towhom the —_ right of riding ina Curmlechairebelonged;andtothefethe right of images was permitted, as well for the credit of their houfe, as to inciteothers to the likeatchievements, ee »* pe id divifons vf thi Webmin pa co | at fhatue ot a fall porttaitate of the whole it but only: sucka orkcee data a | Se ta Subd oeds Car. 5: tt D ete eben be Optitien hee = e ‘tes é Populares. | cs sip fourth divi on of, the Romans hath Beda decitie ned'through the faction & fiding of the citizens. Thofe € ding to the 2 et of q Tally ) were Optimates, d Cic. pro: ide, the Be titizens, w odefiredecheit aGions might be °°*+ #% liked,and approve the better fort: Thole Popilares, id. eff,popular, hid desist dabae of vaine-glory, would not. fo much confider what was molt. right, 4s what fhould: . bee moft pleafing unto the populacy. So that here by this. Word popular, we underftand not the Commions,as former. ly we did, * but be he Serfitor, Gentleman, or imferior, fe 7 Geor. Mee. doe more defite that which fhall be applauded by the ma- ‘la 1n orate. jor part, then that which fhatl bee approved by the betrer P'° ligatio.. _ partshim the Rowsans called Popular, id eft, {uch a one, that. ‘eferreth the “i se ap lanfe before theright. rd Hyprine € tA 1 ah Cap. 6. | ee : De ose & ultins divifione Rowidnorwst wn Liber= ; eugead oe Ingentios: item de Manumiffione. . ora Wie. Tie dren fF the fréedomes in the ‘City of Rame- hath given occafion of this divéfion:. For he; of fhe that: had ferved as predtice,and afterward. was: manum)-- zed, was named Libertas, or Liberta, The fonne whofe fa-- ther and mother Were once apprentices, was called Liber- sintts; bat that fon whofe father and mother were both Zi-. bertiness Tie =) “ais fi ees o Py Oe ee pl San at Ste os ic oR aa a.” To gee : ta PAN Tages: st) FS see eee Le ~ Sack . oie i Vf , aS 7 r , eo L . 4 Sah oe ; ET Pay Be > Cee oe EAN aes ee eho fi uttin sink. 1, 1.tit. de In- genus, vid, Franc,Sylv,in Catilinar,.4,., 4 {Seth By Sees bertines, or both feepony ts wholeq} ther-onely'v free, was called Jagenuus, id ef, free-born-Buta ter 4} Cocus his Cenfor-{hip, then began Likerti and Libertini t fignify one & the fame degree ot freedome: fo that Lid and Libertini were taken for thofe which ferved for their fredome, & Ingenni were také for thofe. which were free- born, whether their parets were Liberti or Libertini, Here is occafion given usto confider the manner of their free-. — dome,& fuch ceremonies which belonged thereunto; ‘The freedome of the city of Rome was three wayes obtayned: — 1.By Berth ,both,or at leaft one of the parents being frees 8: when the,freedome-was bel owed on any {tfanger, or nati- onjand they were tear med civstare donati: and fowercade: that Ce/zr tock in whole nations into the treedome, Laftly ~ by manumiffion, which was.thuss whenas thefervant was. _. PPRamusimer red cabled * Vindiéta, upon the fervants ont poe. > ghismanner,Dicoenliberunse [fecmoveDuiritha, T Rabirio. — g Tert. de re- gne at liberty,.as likewife a liberane ." Accord furpcarn. ade 4 a ty se, - ra ~ " £ Sp x 7 a prefented by his mafter before the. Con/ull or Prator, the qmatter laying his hand up his fervants head, ufed this form of words, hunc liberum effe volo, and with that turning his fervant round & giving hima cuffe on the eare, he did emit- tere feruum & manu: the Prator then Jaying acersanaivand head, replyed in Zidlor br Sergeant caking the wand did ftrike therewith the fervanton the head, and with his hand he ftruck him on ~ the face and gave him a pufh on the back, and after-this he was tegittred for a freeman, Moreover the fervant having his head fhaven purpofelyat that time, received a capasa token of liberty; whence ad pileum vocare aliquem, is to fet. ea KEW NC Gas ccording to Tertullian, at this time of their manumiffion the fervants receiyed from their mafters, a white garment, a gold rings & anew name added unto their-former:W hfe authority if weadmit, then the having-of thtée nates among the Ro. z - mans wasrather afigne of Freedome then of Nobility, And that of favenal, Tata “anquam habeas trianominaw-- ~ 3 st tobe expounded, a tf you were a noble man, but as if “were a free-ma,Here we may alfocdfider the two feve-. all kinds of fervants: the-firft were called /ervi, and they ~ could never attaine to any freedome,, without the confent _ of their mafter?*For thofé that were thus /ervs,werecOm6-, a tives, either beftowed asa reward upon this or that peti igs ee ouldier, or bought /vb corona, or of other Citizens that had r gotten the one of thofe two former wayes:the fecond were -€alled properly ¥ nexi c addifts, becaufe though they were free, yet by reafon of their debt, addicebantur, thatis,they 7 Sis de iu¢- " weredelivered up unto their creditors by the Prerar to ib-t¢sP 3* - worke out the debt, {fo that after the paiment thereof, either by mony or worke, they did recover their liberty: whence they were {aid * somina (ua liberare, when they payedthe | debt:as on thecontrary they were faid nomsina facere, when ¢ Mica, Tox. » “they became in debt. And their creditors whe the aed fe ee | °. the payment, were faid gomsina exigere: nomen in thefe and | eth é places fignifying as tuichasulebivd a debt, *becaufe P.Quintio. the creditors did ufe to write downe their debtors names. ¢F*-5!-i8 The manner of fuing for their debts wasas it followech; 4.4)... hp *y > illuft..l.1.ep.6 the debt being confeffed, thirty dayes were allowed the 4 Vid Cock. debtor for the payment of the mony (thofe dayes of re{pite Rhodig.L.z2. they called dies jufFos,velut juffstium quodda,id eff, iuri in. CP. 20. ‘ter cos interfiitionens e& ceffationé.) The mony not paid, the Item A.Gel, debter was delivered upasa fervant to his creditor, yeahe eee was fometimes calt into prifon,& unles the creditor were in the mean time compounded with, he remained three-fcore dates in prifon,& three market-daies one after the other be- ing brought before the Iudge, the debt was folemny pro- claymed,and upon the third market. day, he was either fold to forrainers for a flave,, or elfe was punifhed with death, each creditor being {uffered if he would, to cnta piece of his dead body inftead of payment. 2 o DEE, ‘ neem we ‘The generall divifions of the Roman Gods. U 77 pe) en ane PRS ker ¥, ® oa ae Sse Mal wi Neier Rw @ Hough Satanhadmuchblindedthe = =>) heartsofmenin oldtime, yetwas i" notthe darkneffe of their undeftan- 4cy ding fo great, but that they did eafi- "¥? ly perceive, & therefore willingly ge acknowledge, that therewas fome — _ =) fupreame governonr, fome firlt mo- number hathexceeded thirty thoufand, and proved almoft : nuimberleffe. Whereforel thall omit tomake any diftin® — treatifeiofithe Gods, intending obiter and by theway'to. - fpeake of chem which either had 'Priefts; or facrificesinfti- tured for them: Only, ne fae to fhew what is pee | if iy 8 ne paws « * Lib.2. is Se. 1 i pees 2 2 a ; food by thofe general] diftinGticns ofthe Gods, whichdi- : wers authors have ufed,7 #/.46.2.de legibus reducethallun» = ~.. ~~ to three heads, Gods celeftiall, which Varro calleth feleé, = Jf andothers baveftyled Gods maivrum gentium,id eff, of the a / greater nations, beeaufe their power was greater then the Alex, Gen, Others.* Alexander Neopolitanus faith, that twelve of thefe dicr, 1,6.c,6, Werte the penates,which e4 nea did take forth with him at the deftruction of Troy. Ovid calleth them Deos nobiles, noble Gods: others callthem Deos confentes, guafi confen- sientes , becaufe Jupiter would doe nothing without the confentof all. Exnies hath delivered them in this diftich, — LunoWVefta, Minerva,Ceres, Diana,Venus Mars, Mercsrins jovu,Neptunus, Vilcanus, Apollo, The fecond fort of cua were called Semidei,id eff, Demi Serving in 20083 allo Lndigites, id eff, Gods adopted,or canonized;men: SS Gcarvie. Feifed. Foras the feleét: Gods had pote! ficn of heaven by- their owne right; fo thefe Gods canonized had it no other- wife then by rightof donation, being therefore. rranflated: into heaven,becanfe they lived:as Gods upon earth-but be- caufe their. merit was inferior, & could not parallel the de- ferts.of the Gods felect,therefore were they calledGods of cIn Aneid, inferiour note. ¢Servins would-have thefe called Divi: lib. 5. obferving this differencebetweeen Disand Devi, that Dit : fhould fignify thofe which had been Gods perpetually, but 5 Paes Divi fhould fignify.men made Gods, thoughcommon!: © aR ofinAne, Mey are uled one for anocher. Whenee'they-called:all their 1,3, ¢.18.vid, Emperours Devs, becaufe for their deferts they thought " Hofpinian.de them worthy to be Gods. Now the ¢ manner how a man org Ghrit.F. became deified was this : The party_to be canonized being Pp. d.ex- dead, a pile of wood was made in forme of'a great tent, or emplum hu- eshernacle,with three other leffer tabernacles one upon top Spo of another, the lowermoft having in it dry combuftible veri fepultura Matter, but onthe out-fide adorned richly with gold,Tvory; Herodian.lib. and painted tables :. hither the dead corps was to.be carr 4-p.298. ed with great folemnities;the Senate,the Gentlemen, & all i ae a f the sehen MG: < 4 m 2 ae 3 a have called them Deos animales, guoniam Anime humana _ werterentur in Deos, T his canonization was by the Greekes ¢ Serv.in Zn, _ termed dmdteoas, by the Latines confecratio, The third lib. 3. ~ fort were thofe morall vertues, by whichas by aladder “men climbed into heaven:and therefore did men ftile them _. “Gods, becaufe by-their meanes men became deified. Late. ‘writers perceiving thatall the number of the Gods could : -a man that: hat h no houfe to ie sasierstie Ave Brey arte pt of oe 169 his houfe-hold Boden HN arch ash e eiacrin ce q ~* ae | ee oe Ley, re : pew ‘Lin : as y i + Bf be 3 de a of | uh fi f > Am He. 09 Pe 4 ger fs s & Mets tears 30, , ‘i i a + : ia a) es } s , ; q 4% na \8 8 ~ é e ; ® ~” 3 ‘ee ‘ ve : \ ' ee . x13 ‘ ; ’ % c2ts2 ) ~ “ $2 : £ ‘ \ ' 7 5 ¢ ~ ; , cs rd a 2 . % ; | ‘ i ‘ Se eo | iu a ” mH = rf 4 La Se Ge ow . Any: p Copy i; ‘ i ? e } ie i > ~ othe ‘ ye = an +t ~ tao? { t 5252 , = Fy - 2 ; ay & \ 7 { : ’ : . : : * , - Rae, Shect a i? ¢ c ey eee ~ Sige nape Se de , os . , : Ps Bain * Mt Mis’ f z j t ¥ he . nf i “ berth et hide Pt ra ath saab $ 7 Peete SLE SEC a ae IB. SE. ; ® Ze 3 4 : i? hag ah ho Jey me | Of the Roman Preiftsswithfame - a, partionlar Godse 8 yee dunus the ancientelt of all the Kings in Jtaly SeNPY was the firft that brought any forme of Religi- Yo oninto Italy. Hee confecrated groves, gave: - 92 namesunto Cities, erected T emples,ordained: oo ™™ faerifices &c-from whom the Churches,as fome: fay,werenamed Fava. Butafter Fannus , Evander come ming out of Arcadia,and afterward being King of Latium, — _ he inftiruted,and appointed many other ceremonies, which: _ before wereunknowne to the Latines. After him e4weas Sate 2 e. , x hed ie fall, Comming from 7roy,taught many of the Trojan ceremo-— ‘elhixsc.22, mies: by whofe examples Romulus and Namawere incited | to adde many other kindes of holy rites,and at length redu- ced their whole religioninto a certaine order, efpecially Neama,who thathe might gaine the more credit and autho- _ rity to his new-invented {uperftitions feigned that hee had. conference about them every night with the Goddeffe: Egeria. My intent therefore is,tofpeak firt of the God , in- whofe honour thefe holy rites were performed, and then to. defcend unto the Preifts,, which were to performe them,. fhewing withall the ceremonies they ufed in the perfor-. mance. . ne CAP... i 7 f i is f acered like the cleare ayre,in his breft the ftar Nebris, be he Sadat! the psc hint: ee es : hee is pictured. naked, having a Servius in : of the Sunne beames, a tong beard, _- the neather partof his body rough,his feetlike a Goat: in one hand he holdeth aPipe, in the other a (heepheards - crook, and alwaies is imagined te laugh. * Hee was wor- : Fendt de é _ fhipped firft in e-4rcadia,and there called the God Pan Ly- ape ee ae cams, but afterward he washad in great efteeme at Rome, _ ¢and in the honour of him-certaine facrifices , and. eames 6 Feneff. ib, | lle Lupercalia were folemnized by t the Romans 4 There 4 Pomponius LetusdeSa- . “he took the name Inuas,or as fome fay, Pains: _ Concerning cerdor. .cap.de the = time, whé thefe facrifices were to be performed; it was Lupers) apo the ¢ unfortunate daies of the moneth February, which e Plutarch, in ~ hath his name 4 i febraando,trom purging : whence the feaft Romulon, om or game jsasa purification; though the Latine word figni- fiethas muchas afealt of Wolves ,inamemoriall that Ro- wulus and Remus were nurfed bya fhee- woolfe. This fee. ~-methvery probable,becaufe the Preifts, which were called Luperci,beganne their courfe at the foot of the mount Pala-. Geo aust, the Romans Lypercal,id eff, the place where > the Woolfe nurfed f Romulus, The ceremonies were thefe: ks _ the hoalt (being two Goats) was tobe flain; & two Noble peeing hs “mens fonnes were to be prefent , whofe fore: heads. being blooded with the knives of them thathad flainetheGeats, _ nce . by and by were to bedried up with wooll dipped-in milk. Then the young boyes mnft laugh immediatly after their foreheads were dry. Thatdone,they cutthe Goats skins, 8 made thonge 3 them, which they took in their hands, and Pg ead L fam \ Virg. Ecl. oe es myo WISE - Leng 4 i 22 iad -thofe thongs all iy never fhuathenpatall buts \ : ken with them; seleiving it helped them to be w and alfo tobe eafily delivered. Moreover it is t thata dog.was facrificed-dt this time, becanfe the tural) anripathy,or pn a nature , between ’ and the woolfe » where Romulus thought ¢ to teltify his. a patella unto the woolte for ber paines:in nourifhing im. The reaton why-the Preiftsranup & downthefireets 4 naked,was,becaufethatfRar the Godiof this facrificei was painted naked. As.the feaft, fo.alforthe placefromwhence 4 they.came,and likewifethe Preiftshad theirmamesaZupa, which fignifieth a woolfe. Some, Authors have obferved | three forts of the Laperci,fome-called Fabiani,fome Quiw- tiliani, from Fabins: and Sl uincilivs theirs governours: the aro ant = fae fort, whielng Rafa affirmeth to Have been added in cla ao. Aug alt. > honour of Julius Ca(ar ; L.cannot finde-according to his © a) ‘ quotation in S#etonins; But thas much: Suetonius faith in Pe Succonsiit bh another place,namely,that Avguftus 6 efar whenhe.wat. _ cheife ponuiyia did oie thet c genie againe being F-omer> \ysbolthedlisn Bi To fe ed CHER MN Ti’ PON Mart a ote a] : a} tracy & A a AREY : ey iyi By Moda’. o f ey « iy _ C! re Ps Bee £4 A Eos 14 ; “ ‘= EG aaqod De Se Coorg Sacrsejads ald Joti ek ye , " 4b por {ai EPoapibee wilt called Bldapidae foiiburtd firlk as “it mong the. Gracians,after ward among the Romans , as: a Godd efle, which firlt taught: men the skilliof red a Prima Ceres ferro maar vales vertere terrane. | “f Inftitait. Vitg. Georg. ( 43 Mihonice fhe: is rolneaees meron taken tos corne , ry , BH 3 Bc! fs Pa alg nda Ceres arvis,Ovid.ltis feed time.She is cal Hess quaeGeres,a gerendts frugibus trom bearing fruit; be+iCiclib3.de gatfe,asfome fay, by Ceres is underltood fometimes the 24t.Deor, _ searth it felfe, whence alfo Iuwime beingthe Greck nameof © ~ .Geresis aid Guab yi winestd eff the earth, which is the com- gnon motherof usall.* She ig painted inthe habit of'a Ma- ¢ Rogsane. ‘tron wearing’ garland of cor né,fometime forrowfull: with ib. 2,CIPa Ib, * alampein her hand,asif the were feeking outher daughter | Proferpina catried by Pévte into hell ; and fometime with a | handfull ofcorne er: poppy-teed. Vponthe fift of the Ka- in. lendsiof April the Romans were wont toperforme facrifi: ‘) cesunto her; which they called facra Greca,id eft, the Gre-. | Gian facrifiees,as likewafe they tearmed the cheife woman : which did performethem, /acerdotem Grecam,id est , the Greek Mimftrefie,becanfe they Were tranflated into Rone’ out of Greeseby Evander, The time of their folemnities | ARRAS COMBOS OF theiday,and the Preifts, which were. - onlyiwomen whichran wp and.downe yaithdaaips’ in their hands in manner ofmad women; into wl ofe ¥emple none _ that was guilty ofany feult committed might enter: whofe ~ ~ myfteries were to be buried in filence, and by no meanesto be blabbed:abroad. And as it'isttobe {uppofed, that wasthe - reafon-why all wine, was forbad inthis facrifice. Sothat | hence ! we fay (srers (acrificat he facrifices to Ceres, when /Piautas in he makesa fealt without wine. {5 ase, ad 7 eas Lie ae i fr i ; 7" . “Yi me yore : | qowyesur cdi y@wip./ 3: Oas. av , called: De Potstis,c> Pinariu,Hercules facerdotibus, — | " ¥ YY 4rcules hadian Altar erected in the memoriall of hiin . Aneareunto. Tiber by. Evander, upon occafion ot the heards-men’s- complaint brought unto Zvander of him, whom they accufed to have flaine their cheife heards-man (acum, the Hiftory being ™ thus ; Hercu/esafter bis con- 0 ati | _ be builr there in that place: upon which yearely was to bee offered up an Heifer whichhad never borne yoke ; and that - this faerifice might be had in the moreefteem , two Noble=_ af men well ftrucken in beste ofgood repute among the — . Romans,one of them being called Potétins 8 the other Pi- sari were appointed asthe Preifts to petforme thefe fie 7 Se" “erifices; from whom ever after Hercules his Pr eifts were : cailed Posstst,and Pinarss. Where by the way we mutt ob« ferve,that Psxarivs was not the {ur-nameof this Noblema, buta name added unto him, intimating his & his facceffours — punifhment for not comming foon enough according to the time appointed by Hercules, For as"divers writers teltify, the entralls of the hoaft were almolt eaten up by the family of Potitins beforePinarive & his family came,& in punifhe ment of their negligenceHercw#les enjoyned the Pinaris nes yer after to eatef the entrals,giving thé this namePsuari at the. @ . wu Sct, AU, },b.8. any of Roman Preifts he fa | ec the somber of them tia Ete ‘ssorpet himfelf her net iS, ares Sacerd,c ey is order i in the honour of Ceres 8 Bacchus for the plenty tans __ of wine and cerne, unto whom they did offer up certain fa- Holp.de orig, ctifices called Ambarvales hoftie,quad antequam mattaren- Monach 6.1 Va buy ter circumarva. ducebantur , according to that of Virg. G Org. Terg novas-circum felix eat hoftia frages ytharthey _ _ being therewith appeafed might the willinger canfe the - “earth to uctify,an added himfelfe to theformer elevena: as s twelfth Preift,or brother to help inthe pert es ablike facrifice: moreover befide théyper formance OF this facrificesthete twelve were appointed arbitrators oy esto decide controverfies conc _land-marks and from whence they-tooke their name ff s tres arvales, I heir facerdotall ornament was a. garland‘or = eda with a white ribband, this being,as P Pliny P Plinibys Ti. -_-writeth,the i Crown,or garland amongtt the Romania yess Ber 8 eC see ay Bie ag Cap. 5: tet De fexaginta Cn ursonibsee, o A Fter ae Romssslies had divided thie whole ihe of ee \ Romans iato three Tribes,or ‘Wards, and fibdivided _- -thofe three Wardes.into thirty parifhes, called"Caria,. - he ordained out: of each Curia two parith -Preifts.or Cu-. fates called Cersones., or Flamines-Cariales ; which were: q qually - (gDiona. ‘Preittood, abi > was as tobe at : oy Whas ofa lite: unipotted , and a body: | ut Sms thefe there was one which sad ches ferry ta wasicalled Curio Adaximms , ch? Bit r Dion, Hal. and thefe facrifices were call ied: Curionia “tb, 2» _- being ended, each parifhhad a feaft in a comm: © 2) eas purpofe. Pit was called Doms: ib times Curia,” ae 3 oe at and wah , . ad 3 Fs Vr : 2 : : : Ea Cc 4 *P; TODOS a ee belek | ; Li : f rn at slash yore oo OR oe ; Pi eoen ae oe “De sAnguribas, 2 score Coleg bers noo | oS BMA at ra, NA aks ae se ome Moret site kindes of Porectellens we it of three At a principally ufed in former me, namely , Araipices, | eAupices, yes: all which we eEnglith Soott et et ae * ovide mtd a. - Flocunhi non ovium yates fi ; es epee Hens. el iene ese penpanedigit Gf ‘wveme . ae | ee ‘The Arufpices did divine,or foretell things,to comeiybe- a “ “holding the entral!sof Bealls facrificed : whenice, : ae Be their name, ab aras infpiciendo,f0 beholding: the altars. ive 9 Aujpices did foretel things by beholding the fiightof birds. aes fothat Auspices are {aid quafi avispices, ab aves aspiciendon ay Gee, The Augares did divine ftom hearing the chatting or the = ay crowing ofbirds: whencethey are called Augures ab avi garritu, ftom the chirping & chatting of birds. Thefe two laft kinds of Seegrey ins have occafi oned thefe, and thelike phrafes.donis avibus,or ansficiis,with good luck,malis avi- : andbecanfe they would beginne | bus ideff withilll *F1.Syly.ino- thothing inanspicato, td e/#,without the countfell of eae. rat.pro Cir gures, hence etn sasha rem hath Been Batons , to tobe. yentho, Ds he Bin ; x f s Rig 1 rie, *, oe a>. t - s * a , ( * “ne Re y D i ak ote: 4 * 4 Bick ir ms : Rath z ) ae Neal A wig’) ott Mire yy yee v 5 Pog! Jf 3) Re ay siy ISi with fome part wan Pre: [Fs icular Gods. 49 — matter, The Colledgeof the dagures at Rome was ; : appointed by Romudus himlelfebeing very expertin 1.0, ye . foethfaying,there being at the firft but three,namely one of raeeind , each Tribes The word Azgur being not taken inhisowne augur. proper fenfeand fignification above mentioned ; burgene- | | _. fally,by the trope Synechdeche,fignifying allkindes. & forts ' of divining whatfoever,;whether it were by obferving the _ entrals of beafts,the flying, {chreeching,& chatting of birds, 5 i shanitiogioe lightning in the heaven,or marking the re- bes bounding ofcrumscat untobirds,whichkindeofdivining «= ~- wascalled Tripudium..)* Servius Tullius the fixe Romane x Rofin.ant, ©. _ King,when he divided Rome into foure locall Tribes, id eff, lib.3.cap.&. | _ Reégions,or quarters,then did he addethe fourth dzgur,all | ae oft them being elected out of the Patricié or the Nobility of Rome.y In proceffe of time Quintus ®t CneusEgulinus be-y Rofin. ibid, ingcholen7zibani plebssid eff proteQors of the Commons, obtained eeerecthet Aes s{hould: bee chofen out of _ ~ the commonalty and added unto the former foure:at which _ timethe Senate decreed that the Colledge of Augures fhould never exceed the number of 9 .* Notwithftanding ; Rofin.ih. Sylabeing Ditkator added 6 more,infomuch that theirCol- Bis ledge encreafed to the nilber of 15. the eldeftof which was Ba “called # Magifter Collegts, the Matter or Reftor of the Col. 4 Alex. Gen, feces: Ts agures excelled otheF Préiltsin ' thisrefped, dier.1.§ Pe 19, _ > Beeaufeifany of them had been convinced of any hainous ?**"”* My crime,he did not loofehis officeneither was any otherfub- ~ rogated into hisroome, although the Roman cuftome was _ that ifany other Preift had comitted any notorious offence, he thould prefently be difcharged of his office , and another ee *chofen ifrhis place.¢T he maner how the Augur did oblerwe & cee Lz- was this:He fate upona Caltle, ora Towre , theaire being “S“SA"S ecleare-and faire without clouds orraine , holding acrooked | : fteffe ¢ called in Latine Litwus) inhis hand,where fitting in his foothfaying robe,called. Lena,& in Greek yadpasoes 7 yascdveryed calefactendo , from heating ; becaufejt was well m ft gion the birds did appear: then killing his facrif ta fering. up certain prayerscalled Effata,he proceed PSs ae as followeth. But firft {uppofe we for our better unde . ae 3 ftanding hereof,thatnow the Augures wereto refolvethe _ speople,whether the Gods would affent that Numa Pompi- - dius fhould be King. The 4agur having done as above is. ea - fhewed, his Zizuz: being in his lett hdd,he reach'd forthhis right hand,puttingitupon Numa Pompiliushishead,ufing = this forme of words, Iupiter pater, fi fas fir Numa Pompilin; — _ Eujis eGo caput teneo pege Roma fe facutinobisfignacertaac ~ Clara fint inter eos fines ques feti,t.e.: Ifit belaw full for this. - - fome snanifeft tokés within thefe regiés or quarters which. ~ . =... Thavedeferibed.Thenit he obferved lucky fignes & tokés, ners he prefently pronounced Numa PompiliusKing of Romeif : | he perceived unlucky tokens,thé did he obaunciarejorgaine = “>| faysand fhew that the matterpropofed wasnot pleafngto. _ the Gods. Where by the way we mutt note,that nothing - was confirmed bythe Azgures without the appearance of . two lucky tokens one after another ; neither was any thing - AME gain-faid by the appearance of oneonly evill token. The di. & (tinctions of the foothfayings have been taken , fome from: the event ,and thence are they called projpera,lucky;or ad< ase, Ana, UAE unlucky: fome, from the manner of appearing , ¢and . libs, that was either wifhied, being called therefore impetrativa,. Sige orunwifkrd, called ebéariva: fome from the diverfity of things which offered themfélves in time of ‘divining , & {o. there were five difting forts: the firlt was by the obferving | of lightning and thunder from heaven,the fecond from the flying, . La , : a tb, Numa P cpitius whofe head I hold,tobeKing of Rome,fhew. - : | be Re cy Per sa ee ee # he Roman Priests with fome particularGods. 5 2 * fing, & chatting of birds; the third from btead calt to pul-- lets, or little chicken; the fourth, from foure-footed beats, _ which either fhould croffe the way,or appeare in fome vn- --accuftomed place: thefift, from thofecafualties whereby _. the Godsdoe make their anger appeare unto us. OF this fort are thofe voices which weheare we know not whence (as | © Cadmus heard when he overcame theferpent; the falling’ ox /abiga offalt towardsus at the table; the fhedding of wine upon audita ef? neg our cloaths. From which cafualties, & the like,the Augures erat cogno/ce- would pronounce either good fortune or bad to enfue: And 7° Promptam ° - V, ds > _ thefetokens weretherefore called Diva , becaule thereby )., a pee . Deitra nebis innote the Godsangetis inade known unto Metil.3.fab.x us. Now the things that in divining-timeappeared onthe . - - Jeft-hand were commonly tokens sf ctanldiseisblalt the givers righthand in beftowing a benefit is oppofite tothe Feceivers left-hand. Whence‘ /iniftrum, thoughin humane ¢sery, znci, ; pes Gods thereby doe fafter us to proceed in our purpofed pro- jects. And therefore Tay {aith,4ib. 1 de divinatione, a fini» ira cornice ratum ch firmum augurinm fieri: and in the law ofthe 12 tablesitis {aid , Ave finiftra populi magiffer effo, — 4 The Gracians from hence in the judgment of Lipjims have d Lip Eled. -alled the lefthand destza» from Zessovfignifying the beft, "* ees aid Cue. 7. : | : De Tripudiss Pullariis, yee kind of conjecturing is called an/piciumcoattum, Byuoniam neceffe hat offa objetta cadere frufkum ex » Cic.de di poli ore, cum pafcitur, The word Tripudium 1s ufed by a vinat.lib.r. Syncopation for terripnasum , which isas much as terripa- G 2 A, a ; re Rae ees sae PERG Run Ro ze id aah aeF -¢ “ 2 a é 4 ~ { te c er : en A : e . ys) +. aS BOSS RR a > 1 ens +. YY 7 JY "a < Pues Me > Onin Am RTS - winmd eft 7a dancing or rebounding ofany thing Cic. or conjecturing of good or evil to come by the rebotiding o ¢ from thefe pullets or chicken was called Pallarizs sid went unto the fountaine dedicated to e4pollo, intowhich 7 dic betide good luck; if otherwife they negleéted the baits, 4 ts ) ei : ca s: fs then it did betoken fome evill event, . , . , ar ea. Ue Cree Cape 4 3 - oe ; } IE NA ae A ac irk #F es s 4 aw Bie oF ‘ a58 a: as ve i per filed Bons es je & 4 ji in the ayre,whether it were of any continuance or noe for. all thefe were unfortunate tokens.,as the contrary did be- tokena good & fortunate iflue to their defignments, Théfe : wlar Gods, §2 1Senec, Jat which obfervéd the fire & {moke were called bya more peculiar name (apaomantes fmoke-augurers. fo the Greek. - words xaavtefignifying {moke,& payne 544 05s vates, ora ae Soothfayer, The firtt inGr uctionsthat the she 35 Romans vece ived: Was. = Ord, Atte z.dcen,.2> Indigene di- xere Tagem @-qge . or o- : : eng ng Met.lib.alt, this kind of foothfaying, which were prefentlyrecorded im beoks,and practifed afterward bythe fdetrufes, her aoe inpGaetaa anes cas “De Flantnibian al eae J He mitre or head-ornament which thefe Priefts did ee oy a weare, was called inold time ° Flama, whence the p Wes : ike Pricfts took their name °Flamines. The? cuftome am oneft Rex idem ho- the Grecians, as likewife afterwards among the Romanes minum Phe. was,that the Kings fhould as well perform ceremonies && - big, facerdos. holy rites of religion,as civill bufinefles. But Nama Pompi. ae dius perceiving that forrain:warres did oftentimes occafion _ the Kings abfence, infomuch that thofe religious ceremo- mics which he himfelfe perfonally fhould perform were of neceflity {ometimes neglected , hereupon he ordained ont ~ of the Pairs: three Priefts to perform that divine fervice unto upiter,Aars,and Romulus, which he himfelfe other. wife oughtto have performed.calling the firlt F/amen Dia- dis,the other Flamen Martialss, & thelalt Flamen Quirés nalis,from Romulus, which wasoftencalied © virinws, Sivegquod hafta quiris prifcis eft ditta Sabinis, | : the Bellicus at telovenitin aftra Deus. . fF Sivefuo regi nomen pofuere Quirites. LS, | Sere quia Romanus juncerat ile ( wres, ‘ ; | In oe ea 5 ui (ae other of, effe note te The cheit ofall, asthe. - ieft: and whereas everyone: Seg oh formofamitre,whichfome-, Pile# {ometime(by the: figure /ynecdoche) wig es se“pex doth properly fignifyonelythe, "|. et)4none might weare Albo-galerum , dg Alex.Gen, > mitre, but only Jepiters Preilt,, and that was to Fier L.6,qhac oe of a white fheep-skin,after the fheep had beene is fac ificed, - “ Whatfoever malefactor: could efcape unto this, 7p a Price, he fhould not be punithed that day. Noneswwas. eligi- ? ae blei ae this office,but he that was married + neither wasit) ; | lawfull for him to marry twice,but if his'wifedied, Flami-. he | a nie 7 abibat,i.c.he refigned his facerdotall office, Tohim was. - fo ae _ permitted a richrobe of {tate , and a curule chaire : none Doe might fetch fire out of his houfe,unleffei it-were to perform | - fome facrifice therewith: * none might barbe or poll him’ Servius Zn, . buca free-man,and that with brafen {ciffers. Many other cee"! bbw, remonies there were which concerned this F/amen,as like- ayes wife Time added many other Flamines, snamely' edtry God / Eenefl, ide age one,yeafometime thofe threefcore Parith-priclts which facerd.cap, 3, formerly were called. Cariones were called Flamines Cari. Lok Ae ales, &diversEmperorsatter their death had alfo their Flae. “4 mines. Moreover we mult note that thofe Priefts wives | 1... Gea, Uae were called Flaminica; Their minilters(for they were wont dierL6.c.3 rs 6 when they went to facrifice to take a. boy ora maid with — cee them) Flamizii, or Flaminiezand the cheite Flamen’s dwel- . ling houfe Was called edes Flaminea ,or Flaminia. Butasit feemeth probablé;Nama Pompiliwa, and fo the other Cc ee ae foecacdins him did ftillreferve theicrightand authority i Bee oe holy matters fo far,that they would inftrua other: inferiour ~ | ae Ls and {pecially performe fome Special facrifices fe themfelves, es ; . SS ee wee ie eo i Ae ee ee * » ) ‘ fa tones Qn - t é a we A Re ie ~ earner eee Sy" ’ iged him i Pontifex maximus , or Arch-Pontifie,and.h "~~ enee-every yearé the vettall Nunnes repaired, a - gServ.in Zn. form-of words," Bea cg - provideall things neceffary for poe facrifices.He wa -daies,& to tell them what was lawfull & unlawfull every ~- nifhed he ranneas faftas he could out of the market-place ~ Queene-Preilteffe . & was wont upon theKalends ofevery ~ moneth to facrifice a Porkerjora Lambinher place,in the — ‘honour of Jano, roy one Lone wre M Arsiotherwite ‘ealled Mavors by the figu a aes 4, butjud Rex facrificulus 8c Rex facrorue , the King-] . ‘f VivilalneRex?Vigila, King artt 10u aw: awake, For unto him it did'belong to bid holy- daie inftrac thofe that fought unto him , the caufes of theholy-” a Roman to lanus He was likewife wont to offer up afacri-’ a fice in the comitinm or great hall of juftice,awhichbeingfi- moneth,& upon the fifth ot the Jdes of Ianuary he facrificed j d without delay : His wife.was called Regizafacrorum.,.the. Us OFM - ooh. oe Cap. Io, Ah yes is ee, es) he Ca : 2 i ERY! il i38 datioe i yf A , a A se We shit wh, duieiee pcg teas : : “i ge De Mare , five Mavortes & Salis " ‘Palatinis Marti dioats, ~~ ne ¥ “~ $ A A al 4 “° el rer) re E pene was the fonne of juno oncly,without company of her Hut ~ band; for when Juno was greatly difpleafed with her’ felfe, that Zwpiter by ftriking her head’, without ee a. woman did bring forth the Goddefle Adinerva, fhebythe | Shor y ee counfell X shim, sitet the: wigincy, ie idiersareto ufe. ae was called” on i a tae iehouieatee Cin: whence Bie lib.2, cap. 10, muraneus :¥ Neer unto thistemple without y Regn. ibid. pena did lyaftoneotgreatnote,whichupo great eo. s the people would bring into the city, & peeing 0 N. would follow; whereupon it was calledthe Raines 0 1c, Laps manalis, a manando.Numa Pompilius inthé ho- oe : mame. ‘Gradivus, ordained 12 dancing Salij a% faliendo from dancing, which num- ¢ Plutarch i ‘ ard wee find to have beene doubled by Tuas Sucyrnt _ Hoffilins,in the war againkt Fidenaatowne of the Sabines. -.. The former 12 being called Sali palatini,from the palatine | a Mount, where they did begin their maurisk: theother, (o/- a “a fini,from the hill where their Chappell ftood; and fome. ° a 4 Dion, wal. times Qvirinales:& fometimes Agonales:fo that the whole carn. lib. 2. ~€olledgecontained 24 Priefts. b The occafion of their firlt 4 Plocarch. in inftitution was this: V pon a certaine time, in the raigne asogNema. ae Numa, the plague ; or fome other ¢6 contagious fickneffe w i er very hotamong the Romans, infomuch, that no facrifice, or = | ae holy offering couldremoveit: atthattimeacertainebrafen = “Target, or Scutcheon, called inLatinceneapelta,orancile,, big at both ends, but cut like an halfe Moon on each fide,fell - i” a : from heaven into Wma his hands: withacertain 1 VOICE'pro- wi - mifingallhealthunto Rome , folongas that brafen Target _ oes ee could be kept fafe.Whereupo ALamarins,a cunning: work, aie man bythe appointment of Numa,made eleven: otheranci. ssi pttas like the irk, that neither conldbeknownfromtheow =. ovina ba waalg a a ther ° rete ve date th -ing of them committed to their charge, and in : Mareb every yeare they apparelled themfel " ty-coloured coat,called tunica verficolor, gitt body, with abelt, or fword-girdle, and a breft-plate neffe,called aneum tegmenvpon that, & a robe Fe € . led srabea , clapfed about them upmoft ofall. Vpon iA Dion. Hali- heads they. ‘did weare apices, id Left » Caps¢much like unto- carn, lib,2, the Perfian Bonnets, called in Greek wpBantae, or deat. They did fomewhat refembleour head peecesin n wars! nade. clofe unto the head, withacreft of cloath up ar t PPE Pes ; ae whence mer have called them Galea. anaeen io for Ase oo )T itive: ohio in thot aes ae did a ene ea eas nate and-call upon the names of fome w vai pekeh ene as Aamurius which made thofe eleaven Scutcheons, was_ . often called upon in thofe Songs. Von their feftivall daies dHorat.lib.t. they had excefle of cheere,whence 4 Elorace hath ufed falian. | Ode37, ves sat to fignify nai fare. | : F a Cavers De FP vad nc on Paire pera, “Hele Fatlabes were Officer tA mes, or Heralds, to denounce war, ov proclaime peace, appointed there-, grone bros unto at firft * by Nwmwa Pompilins. € The chiefe part of f Dion, Hali ‘their Office was to diffwade the Romans from mole-. ‘car, lib. 2. fing any ae Nation with unjuft warre: and ifany 7 confederate — Keay voesenterver veFules ae hich fhould be juft and right , then did — Ry eae enounce warre againft them,caltin fortha | ee eof: which denunciation was 8 called cla- usta’ oa ta ee pce quautebantur Feciales. Others are of ibs. opin: whenfoever war was denounced, this Herald Baar sjfignifying thereby, that thelr fields fhould fhortly pe e palture for the Romans: from which cuftome wee Pit Gy ofone that challen eth another into the field, exttiete m3 " .emifit. Againe it the Jape ought againfthis Oath,thele Faciales by then: ‘facrifice did avert the wrath of the Gods from him, The chiecfelt of ni _ them was called Pater. patratns, a perfect father: for hee ie only could be Parer patratus., which had both children of oe fe Pagaiasd his father alfoalive. They were called Face alesa t foedere faciendo , from making a league or peace be- ‘Bweene Nations. This league, which we in Latine doe call Feedus,the Romans in old timei did call Fides, as Ennins & i Pighius Sep- 3 Pighins witnefle: whence thefe Faciales were rearmed ed te ee allo Fidei Flamines, OPN ite AS ants es ae m5 Ge FB 49% i ne 4 roe Pets Obs os Cur. a 2 ee | DeDaamvivis ee Dielmiiih: o Dakedocrmwe pea | hngeer iy gisinow » Sacres host item de Sibyls, Baie aes i | 4 “His Priefhood: had i its tft inftication, Fish [arg tie wins. Saperbus , whole office was afwell to. expound: res asito keepethe Oracles of thofe tenne Prophetefics fo fa- fe Cofinog mous throughout the world’, called Sibylla, Co -ernin D lib ee. whom Adnefferach thefe words:Intimes a therein aS Graiv i, a - + oak _ [Fencit. de. {hould be apointed to this offices! five of them being cho- _ facetd.c.23. fen ontofthe Commons , and five outafthe Nobles: and m Serv. Jen. encreafed by Sy#aunto forty,™ as Servius thinketh,butttill lib. 6, ae ” is ins! quinius began toderide her, whereat the woman departed, _ and burnedthree more, returning again unto T arqminins, & Ee pecia - wanifhedsand was never feene again; onely warningthem _~to kee the books as fafe as poffibly they could. For the fafe keeping of thefe, TZ arguinins chofetwo of the Noble men, or Putritii, calling them Daam-viri, appointing them, 2s. well by ftudy to expound, as with caré tokeep thofe Ora-_ cles. Inproceffe of time, the people obtained, that ‘tenne then they werecalled , the Decem-viri. Afterward by Z.. Syilaas itis thought, five more were added , fo that they. ~ were then called,the Qxindecem-viri:nay the number was called by the name of Qaindecem-viri. OF thefe women: that had the fpirit of prophecie, ten were very famous: the firft was called Perfica,the fecond Lybica, the third Del phi- ‘ea,the fourth (#mea,the fift Eryehrea, the fixth Samia,the feventh (umana,the cighth Helleponta,theninth Phrygia, ~ the tenth 7ibartina:T hey all prophecied of theincarnation ™ of Chrift. The place where thefe bookes were kepr, pee nats | within —. : { ower sha ~ +t yi weet — maa Sibylla,did write her Oracles atthe mouth,or entrance ae — ee of her Cave; inleaves of trees,which the fiercenefle ofthe pyye, wind did oftentimes {0 {catter, that they. could hardly be © os tae Q Epitt, bbowee =ee epilt, r. we V4 4 all women endowed with the {pirit of prophecy , taking lib. 6. theit denomination from P ais, whichis inthe « AL olick dia aks enim ge mere (ermowis, - peony x Latt, de falfa : ‘ wee 0 SMS religions libs 5 a ~ eR. T Pree Pe 4 ’ Sete Pe Hig, St eee Ga py Pebapze 5, wy = X “—4a% Ls. og Be ~ a ; \ ¥ 4 ft ty Me ‘ : Ul 4 . ® i z, ¢ Z a ee pots ian ty the Pa ee ao ee ee OS eyed ari 4 9 A Gee ie he Bp Hae ee ie ewe ache Sir a Von pan Larne rr Sigs > i a oo ee * De Bouk Dea Sacra jas, ae ae es ¥ : : 5 54 ; Sepa ey 34, : ae cP : ei: } oe asl wn Y ’ - ee N m Se . ie Ts + t has a 4 His Goddeffe which is fo famous by the name of Bor Re 4. oat / ; med Bone dea, the good Geddeffe, becaule we reap foma- ny good things from the earth. She is called alfo Ops, the aa ; Sata we live. She is called Fatwa, and Fanna,i. the Goddeffe of NT ert {peech,becanfe young children doe never {peak untill they are able to goe,and fohave touched the.earth.The Graciase * called her juwaanela Stas the femal Goddeffe,becanfe tharno - Male might be admitted to her faerifices; nay the very pi- - &tures of men were at that time to be covered. The inner a Hh ©" g @ic.orat. de the place for womens aflemblies.qThofe that were chief in ' ”* Arufp,refpon- thefe facrifices, were the Veftall Nuns. This good God- 4 $M “deffe was {nppofed tobe the wife of Fannus,8 upon a time a to havebin taken drunk with wine by him: for which fault. Bsr 2 Faunus is {aid tohave beaten her to death withrodsof Mir- tle tree;but afterward being forry for that he haddone,in a- ~ mends he made hera Goddefle: & as it were ever after de- _ tefting the Mirtle tree, he hallowing all other hearbs and - flowers to be ufed in thefe facrifites, forbadthe Mirtle-tree, Some fay fhe was fochaft, that fhe wasnever feen by any - man but by her husband; and in refpecvof her chaftity the Mirtle.tree is forbid ,becaufe it was céfecrated to Venwssbut | | whereasin this facrifice they ufed wine, they called it not y Alex.Gen. bythe name of wine, but milk or hony:twhence they called ‘diends6.c,8.. the veffell wherein the wine was put,amphoram mellariam, | 2) gd eftythe hon: veffell. This facrifice became very famousBy eslgr at CTodiae whic being in love with Popeia,lulins Ca ars wife,cameunto thefe factificesin womans apparrell& | | bi - Was ~~ @ , eM iE fh dea,is the Globe of the earth: which is therefore ter- ie S 4 roome, where her facrifices were, -was called = juseméioys Oe: See ee ~ 6 Wi) i* 4 ae 2 - 7 ee ‘i Ww oy bre Pei a Kane. BPA es Larabee rags) : 4 i ie re EE «th: daddy? % i 52 Ay ong ‘s ’ 4 oa 1z: , ~ ie x Ne ee 3) ee 7 emer re ie Swcenlehsbw seperti ae = aoe OT See | “He Goa defle Cybele, or rather Cybelleywas in her in- a ancy expofed unto wild beafts, upon the hill (“yeet~ E tits dds 5 Wher€ thé being noufithed by the wild’beatts, after. ean, MG dinccbonycaticng found byafhepheards wife, was broughtup by her asher, ewnchild,and called Cy4ede,fromthehill CybeRusSheex- celled in naturall gifts and was the firft thatufeda Taber a and-pipe,and Cymbals amongthe Grecks. Moreover fhee — and-pr Lab enderly loved childréh , and therefore was called magna . _ mavers (he Was alfo called mater deorum, the mother. ofthe bale 27 Oe eee hE: toe Oe i ee > Ipfadetim fertur genetrix Berecynthia. Virg, | Se ene, 5 fa, to Sasar het thee doth fw, ie andabound with all kindof goodnefle, Shewasalfonamed Peffinuntia,fcom the City Peffinusa Mart-townin Phrygia, = where fhehad a Temple. Moreover, fhe wascalled Berens 6-5 eyathia,fromthe hil Berecynthas in Phrygia,wherefhewas worfhipped.Het Priclts were called "Gals, and theirchief Pompixe, — * governour Archi-gallus: they tookthem name fiom a cers de facerd taine river in Phrygia, called Gallus; of which.whofoever, 6... drank,hebecame fo mad.thathe would prefentlygeldhim- felfe,(as in truth all her Prielts were enjoyned to geld them -felves witha fith-fhell .) The originall of which cuftome is en rendred thus: Cybeileloveda young man of Phrygia called Attys, and him the appointed chiele overfeer for her ved ie ) 3 Ce : ote * _ truncog, inda- =) ys ficeapon condition char heavroild ene tach petually: But : he not long afte ne Sue ee Cibelle derett him is os 2 foabee he in his madnefle did.geld; pied ld t Cybellius ‘es himfelfe alfot had not the Gods in their commi eh ion towards him, turned him into a Pine-tree. In r Shae nia b of him ever after her Priefts were aelded Bet ae quit ile, Ov: yeare the Pretors.did facrifice unto this Goddeffe. But the. edMet. _ performanec of the holy and religious rites at that time did belong untoa Phrygian man and hry gian woman, chofen - conn ie distin eae to the vane tt S io) . ing ‘tlie sin. of t dit Goddeffe aoa Athem: _ ftreets, they. ftruck their breafts with their hinds; ee E tune with the Tabers,Pipes,and Cimbals,which ee 2 i ‘ ple following plaidupon. The Pricfts were. alfocalled'Co- 4 nybantes from.one Corybantus , which was ‘one of he it a | - attendants ; and: hereapon we call the*Cymb all era Cor, AR bantia In this manner dancing about the {tre ets, they beg- — ie “ged mony ofthe people whom they ‘met: and: rence were hy « theynamed Cibelle her collectors; or ‘her dh it bap "0 hap uglers, Some called them ungdyup9) from putzy , this place fignifieth Cybele , called the great te Ny ‘al _ wRofinant, dyrpms a beggar or gatherer of almes.™ Othersha 3 > called —L3.cap.27- them Aéétricéa‘But by what namie foever they were called, ae the place wasfo infamous by reafon of their drunkennefte, j ee and uncivility ufed at thefe times, that when they would : point outa notorigus naughty fellow,, the} y woul all bien t. irewlatovens Cybelleinm,Cybelle her Tugler. AN either was i it law ull for any. fiee-boine to undertake Arata a ae * ut het ey bint ¥ pars; 5 : eek ee ae ft os ie ae . 3 ee we a tS eae bp ee Wee odes ~ } < é vs " P| & if : ts J be ASS Ay itt pei se rd y * © gay Tt ’ oS es tee pias ie #7 Hilts Py ees eta AS. oo whe oh PEAS a ane eines vay ode! i aaiaabyadgaah ioe 2 * Nu é a =) J ad P, rv » * aR ey ; 5 © pe 8 & ee eS t wae q 3 r co gee ae “ ee s any prs z F (a3 ~ RPM eee a ee gens eae remy Oe Se, oe ‘ Of the Roman Preifl's with fome particular Gods. 65 — gee i ee BERR Be FFE! LY Ie : 4 De Collegio Pontificum,e Pontifice Maximo, 7 T His word Pontifex,is commonly tranflated a Bifhop or. a -B Prelate,being called Pontifices in Latine , as. alfo Ponti- 4 _. fies in Englith from one part of their office, which waste | have the overfight of a great wooden bridge, called in Latin : Pons fublicius being {fo great,that Cartsand waines might a p2fie over it; having noarches touphold it , but onely great : a _ piles & pofts of wood :* and that which is moft remarkable x Plutarch. im cs in it, was that it was ioyned together onely with woodden Nem - <4 pinnes, without any iron at all. Orhersare ofepinion , thar a they were termed Pontifices quafi potifices from potsand =~, facie, of which opinion Lxcanfeemeth tobe, acco-ding to ie Zl that; Pontifices facri quibus et commiffa poreftas.. Concer= © : _, iiing the Y number of them, onely foure were appointed by y Fenett. de ss _ WNuma,a\l whichthen were tobechofenout of the Pairs- acerd, ; . _. 6i#: afterward foure more were added out of the Commons. ‘Thele'were, called Pontifices wsajores , or cheife Pontifies, to diftinguifh them from feven other,whichafterward Sy/- Jaadded,& * called them, Pontifices minores, inferiour Pon- tifies, ‘The whole company of them wascalled the Col- ledge of Pontifies. This Colledgeis priviledged from allal- legeance,being not bound to render account of their doings either to the Senateor Commonalty. They were to deter- mine all queftions concerning religion, as well betweene | their Prielts as between private men: they had authority to punifh any inferiour Prieft, if he either detracted or added unto thofe religious Rites, which were prefcribed him. They had their great Pontifie, whom they called Pontificem — maximum, Thefe Pontifies were wont to exceed in their » diet, infomuch that when the Romans wouldfhew the’ “greatnefle of a fealt,they would fayit was Pontifica cena, @ rR hb.3.c. 22. ofn, ant, \ ois ott f A A -* mei a 4} A y, a f f rs A A. at a . — fe Ly ye deff, according to our Englith 2 a Lib. g.de"C: jalissis taken for thatania a Lipfiu — magnit,Rom. tion of the latter phrafe taxeth the Printers neg hn Sa ese ‘opinion, that it fhould rather be printed, pe os ~ Tissnderftanding hereby a folemne feat made Gee _— dnaditw honorss,at their entrance intotheit of ce, ae a day Papaenaaession* i tia be be) “g Paes ¢ " : ae aa ee el Bits Ca Be 16. : ah De Epuloibos, sive 5 acasi ead “He Pontifies i in. old time appointed thea nwhom ; ea ici de’ UL they called’ Trinm-vires. Epulonum ( ‘from Epuliin 1a. | vA featt)to have the overfight ofthe fealts made-at facrifices, o th Rem afterward by reafon oftwotwice added , they were called. OE: hat eccilecaaeih nn at cnet reanertnts PT eM ee j es . hal: + re ages Y eomees. aie Were eae Pe se Ci A Py Te ae: * : . { , any = ; a 4. “nt ee? ek Tae Gace ha: pried fi vastacnins’ a Ry ms La f : pea De. Tints, ss28eh Sea} ; KMS st i ‘i A 7 Nother foreof religious. men nied — viii flived | "Lin the Suburbs ofthe City;and pra@tifed Soth- fayi ying; ; They were called ti ¢ftom the name of the birds which’ " Bs te Sacivatlos Pek cain de. MeO obferved, which 1 id ' Latine werecalled Titias a saveee g,! : | eee, é: ‘e demole Hae eR Gian 18h aia | sage =a driani,. Pee ie . port eet ni et ae te Virginio Vefalibe, wah § et BS ir mS : 1 oS Nt& unto Caftor's Templé, ftood ert ie r “3 : or Nunnerie,dedicated to the Goddefie Veffas where a atthe fart: were, cas alter fix. Vite 2 OF Yong a 9 ” a he ERE ae poem apathy: AO : : ae : Se , Fees et ; i Tel rauc hey being ~ pew Se , * aes Pe KCofner,ltrippca naked, and acurtaindrawne rerthem,the cheifPontifiefcourged them:nci- et fire, : f Z wy we oA ¢ Plutarch. im bos Numa, > : ndergoe that fearefull punifhment f afore métioned. But + Vid.fup.p. a on ae | ai pee . i * ; ‘ if he Gea ey Sh CE % eS te a + did marry;in the end died fearefull deaths: whereupon they . iton {cepter in their hands, & whatfoever malefactor met | them (ifthe Nun'wouldtakeheroathitwasbychanceyhe og. d punifhment. They werenamed.Ve/ta/z from-theirG , aie 3 ;Which word(as© Adunfter writeth) is deri- 5 <4, Lg ie ved ee ee Pr ak ede tay al and fometimesi it wascalled:, victima, the altar. Sometimes, Fo5tia, from anobfolete verb nt, opinion, that this name Hoffiz,is taken from Hoft#, an ds ra nomen habets becaufe eithet before warre,: to ‘procure! the “did, ho 44M __ were offered upthe day beforeany folemne Geiger were. | vibe Plautus ufed this fpeech ; set rergum ft ae fut pe te jt ed : BS: aX : esi yy al a aot 1D be i ay hee We ee £44 / Gods upon ee had as name of Ge fice: quod inthe 4 ioe frabat, becaufe the bealt:to hes facrificed. ftood bound unto: 3 which-is to ftrike: becanfe certain under Officers called in Latine ‘Pope (ftanding by thealtars, alltheirupperpattnas | ked,and a Lawrell garland upon their head )did Aa iapevi~ Himam,id eff Strike downe and kill the faerifice. Others ar nemy; according to that of Ovid : Hoffibes didomitis hoftin: Gods favours or after warre;in token of thankfulneft 3 ferive id eff, offer up the factifice. The fecond. e » difference of facrifices have been occafioned ‘in ref othe time,& fo they have beencalledPracidanea,ot nea qua pracedanta & fuccedanea, Thole tactifices called Precidanee hoftia fore-facritices,as we ii | iaadannakiitien would chcy offer. up ‘a fecond' ee | A whichthey termed boftian (uccidanenm ? 8: becanfe’ thefe fecond facrifices were to be offered onely: inftead “of. the other, whenthey were unlucky: or art or hath i rthy. th; Some tern perl : ° _ BY. “a ie the Roman Priefts with fome particular Gods, 69002=2«~«~ =—Otst—~CS ~~ ny facrifice wasto be performed ,’ the Prieft was wontto ead ‘wath his whole body, efpecially his hands and feet, which f vid, erat, ‘if he had not wathed,the facrifice was accounted polluted: Adag, ee and alluding unto thiscaltome,wefay,amandoth Accedere pas - adrem illotis manibis,or illotis pedibus ,asottenasheenter- 1" prizcth any bufinefle,withourdue reverence or preparation. ereunto. Musial ents Ai net Bety cium doy =StCtCS Bi 8 dyes Xepor aviajacory Hefiod. pyc x) iusp. - Moreover,the Prieft wasto abftain from his marriage. bed,. . as likewife fromdiverskinds of meats, & at the time of his . goingtofacrifices,either himfelfe, or.fome inferior Sexton , going before bim, witharod or wand in his hand ( called a commentaculz)é ufed this forme of words unto the people: 4 Pie: Be Hoe age.attend this youareabout: which cuftome feemeth oe tohave had ts originall from the Grecians ; For before the _ ‘titheof factifice., the Grecian Prie(t ufedalmoft the like | {peechumto his people:as,7s 71 3,44 eft, who is here?the peo- a ple anfwered mmohtdyaS0l id eft,many men, & good, After #Serv.Acci, thispreparation,then did the Prieft , laying his Rand upon BRS, the altarsrehearfe certain prayers! unto the God Janus,and isso aS the Goddefle Veffa.; becaule the Romans were perfwaded Bir cap.de fle that without their interceffion,they might not have accefle Am Ni unto the other Gods» his prayer being ended , then did hee ¢ Textoria lay iupon the beafts head alitle corne, together with acake (* oficin2. a made of meale and falt, called in Latine 20/4," Atola erat spare (a6 a far tofu; fale asper{um. Prom this ceremony, the a4 of fae molasen O- crificing hath been termed Jmmofatio, After this, thé footh. ¢ip. Aa.2, Ke ayer ai ank wine out ofan eatthen or wooden chalice, ca]. {e™.2: ledin Latine Stepulum,or fmpnvyum: Itavas in fathion Pancirol. lib, . much like our ewers, whé we powre water into the bafon: dit. ca, er ‘This chalice was afterward carried about. to all the people, assate’ ot that theyalfomiglit bare ideft. lightly talt thereof, which fle. 3 , ritchathibeentalled Libatio, Now every onchaving tafted ™Mediainrer tee thereot,the reftofthe win@ with -frankinfence mixt inic, ma fem’ was tobe. powred upon the beatts head , ™berween the ia alas eee | ) ae . hornes,, 7 Ee Benet gS” er re ad) ~ PE , ee " ok aly ia Si sate Rh OR Sila aan Le Sales Ree ee er ER Tf a os a fae a Wee ee ‘i ry Bae AS aa ee ie me ¥ een Baie gaa Soe yee a ; Ta PO ; - i Be ine! ‘ Sore a Ty em F aS Ses Gd tele eT aay : ae aa ae € oy See i “TAME. SR ea Om ° => Ra IP ee aaa +N) fast LiKe 70 ean , ee iret ea © rf eB: _ eS € we! Ze x R He Pe ‘ saa A Ny yes NES Awe \ : ; ‘ : : oN = Ahornes,onecrying out with aloud voice, ALsHaeff hoftiz, — ideft ,magis aulta,more increafedand mademorepleafing —~ unto the Gods;as Virgil laith, Alacle novavirimtepmeridcfe =~ -Ogood child: whichincreafeftin vertue, Andhenceeven . “from this terme;we may conjecture , thatthe word AZaéta, - “which fignifieth to kill ard fometimes to facrifice; hath had its originall,becaufe they did immediatly afterthat voice, -matlare hostiam,that is flay the facrifice, 8 that was done in ‘aRofin: ant, this manner. *Firlt the Prieft did pluck off fomeofthe 4 1.3.0.33. Dealtshaires between the hornes, & caft them intothe fire, — 7 | “calling them his primalizamina,id eft,his firltoflerings:The - did he,turning his facetoward the ealt;draw along crooked knife upon the beafts back, commanding his under officers which I called Pope , (others Culeraris , from their knife; Vittimarii,fcom the hoalt; & Agones, becaufe they ftanding : ready to give the ftroak, often nfed this word Agon, for A- ae gone?id eff mutt I tomy work?) to kill thebeaft. The other \ _™ -people ftanding bysfome did with yeffelsfave the blood, o- | thers did‘fiea or skin the beaftsothers wafhediie. Anon,fome Soothfayer or Prieft, did obferve the entralls, turning and “winding them withaknife, which was called Secefpita,a _fecando : for he might not touch them with his ‘hand , the - coceiting,that if the facrifice had proved polluted, his hand : would then have perifhed. Now after the Soothfayer or Prieft had fufficiently turned the entrals, & found no ill to- kentherein, then did thofe Pope, or Church-butchers, cut off from every bowell fome portion , which after they had rolled inbarly meal, they fent itin baskets to the Priéfts, 8 the Priefts taking it up into abroad charger or platter,called ” ‘gloac.Came- di(cus or aux, laid it upon the altar & burntit, 8° this was Fat. pro Flac, properly termed Jitare,or Reddere,i.e,to latisfie by facrifice | "orto pay the facrifice, w hich was unto the Gods. Af- a ‘ter that the portion Jaid out for. the, Gods had"been burnt, ‘ then did all the peoplerepairetnto.a common feaft:where ¥ . as they were eating, they fung Hymnes, andSengs, inthe - 7 goey eer _ spraife | a ‘Bing shar Saesne burialls, hays Hite i depiitell ; dupor the Priefts, ic will not beamiffe to conclude this. — Sect jon,with twochapters, briefly opening the ceremonies — ofboth. Bef re wecome unto the folemn Ceremonies,ufed by the Romans in their marriages , wee will frft fhew the “manner oftheir contracts, which were called bythe Re- —_- Reo: si psi Sponfalia 4 fpondendo becaufe i in their contracts,each a Salinuth. ins « id-promife other tolive as man and wife. Now:the man. P:ncirollib, ner of contracting. was com monly thus =: They did for there deper= greater fecurity, write downthe formeof the Ne mi re ager ofrecord,as appeareth by Invenal.Sar6.. ep - Sisibi. Legstimes pattam,jnnttamg, tabellis. SET AT te lay Now es amaturis = ed eaeae: ii Sete Thefe bles wereal(o fealed with: the fi ignets of certaine - witneffes there prefent , who weretermed from theirag®: of fealing, Signatores. Moreover, before they. would pt the, Ceremonies of their cotra@, the man procured a Sooth=__ fayery 8 the woman another, whith whom faelt wet would confent. Whence Tuvenal,Sat ito; “va Veniet cum fi iguatoribus ansBexs ; : “a The token.orfigne which thefe Soothfayers i in time ‘oft ‘ob-. 5 AlexGen. aie accounted moft fortunate, was a Crow 3b’ Ea enim lida. Sac: | 7 | | Sremicng ens a bate a co Say As f i - “ ’ . Z ab ek ' re - ‘ i ‘ ‘ : i aes . : oak Vi ue Syn 5 ; ; Wy, : a *¥ Y fa a U pees 5 Pie a APES 6S EE =; ge em ae CO en Ci he Alia eTY clk, eae ~ Rom.1.1.c.9. fhould come & takeaway his wife bya feeming violence, i ia - Salmuth in thom Haftacarliberis, 6 8c the Ceremony didbetoké, that ‘Pancirol, lib. noth en: way the maid from her friends,was nfedonely in this kinde pe of marriage.A woma became amans wile confarreatione id 2 ef? ,by certain folemnitics ufed before a Pontifie, or chiefe= : _.... . Bifhop,when the woman was givenuntothe man ufing a fet forme of words,ten witnefles being prefent,é& a folemn Berk ok 5 ger vass : | facrifice ~~ m Sueton,in Tiber. c. 3 §. smeomory.of the chalt.& happy inartiage of (aiaCecifiawife he sg a yt Vir + Ragan’ j ee: yy | t rte Wit, iy vr kB : , Ne g Te 3 pow ate SI ~ “ & yi SS S Bs = a ts ~) Qo SS Sy >: S 3 > = oe = OD cn = wo ot i>] eo r B = le cat] os thenjwas the:marriage tearmed), Naptia inupta; tn whi oh tatius in Phi- o- fenfe.we call-onr enemies gifts no gifts Exe gs Cae: Th » towards nig t the woman ? odes 4 ; ae A ety : ‘ i ichreafon 3 ee cones ae - Cae gan to cry out, that they carried her-to Ta/a/ias, aman well = . ~ tse MOP the Riman marriagés, eloved among'the Romans; at which naming of Talafine, bia ey fuffered her to be.carried away, themfelves accompa. - - ying Her,and oftencrying 7 a/affic,T alaffio.From whence ath abeemde timnediacnftiome among the Reman, ever ’ at their marriages to fing Talaffio, Talaffio, asthe Greeks did, Hymen,Hymenae.From this cultome of leading or brin- - _ ging home of the new married Bride,commeth that Comi- call phrafe; Dacere vxorem, to marry_a wife, She being ~ thus brought home ; teceived the kc yes of her husbands shoufe, whereby wasintimated, that the cuftody of all things | inthe honfewasthen committed unto her. The marriage (Alex. Gen. bed was called, Genialss leétus,as we may fuppofe, quali Ge- dier.la.c.s. . Ritalts.*Sometimeés it was Called, Letts adverfus, quod , Lipl, Elec. bune letiulum reli igiose (ervari nos frit 5 & in atrio collocari \ib3,c.17. \ januaex aaver(o, sa eff , they placed this bed in the Court, dire@ly oppofite totheit gate, keeping it as fome religious oe _ monument or pledge of matrimony.T he next day after the mattiage; the Bridé-woman received gifts of her friends, whichthe Lawyers tearth Nxptiadia dona. “But Cicero exe u Vid, Fr Sily, poundeththefe Dora nxptialia to be certain tokens, which prowCluent, thehusband fent to his wife before the betroathing. If after the marriage,any difcontenthad faileiout between the ma | and his wife,*then did they both repaire toa certain Chap- x sip de jure péll,built in the honour of certain'Goddefle, called Dea Romul.1.c.6.’ viri-placa,a virds placawdis, Whenceaftertheyhad beena while'there;they returned friends: We have thus feen the Rites and Ceremonies,which the Rémansufed in their cO- tracts and marriages;it would note impertinent toannex the manner of their divercemeérits; which upon juft caufes were permitted. T here*wererwo manner of divorcemets: » Rofin. ane _ the one between parties only cotracted;the fecod between lib. 5, cap.3 3. parties married. The firlt was properly called Repadiam, in which the party fuing for divorcement, uled this forme of words, ( oxditione tua non arar. The fecond was called Di- vorti# wherein the party fuing for it, wfed thefe words,res° . 4 K 2 tuas - HEP, . 4 ; re OMBDELA. oe y Ep.fam.l.s, y Cicero aith aoe tL ss "all goodneffe; he hath even divorced vertue. Secondly, we ‘mutt note,that this verb Rewwncio, doth not only fignifyt site a" tenounce,or to refufe, but many times in 7 wily, itfignifieth - todeclare or pronoancea Magiltrate elected, as Renunciare » Confulem,Pratorem, &e.Thereafon why in matrimoniall contracts, it fignified to renounce, orrefule, wasbecaufe in thee divorces, they did oftentimes fend: to-their wite per’ - -xancinm,by.ameffenger,fome bill of {crele.of paper,contai- ning the caufes of the divorce.Moreover,we are to obferve, _- that in thefe divorces, the ceremonies were quite contrary to thofe in.marriages; the juft caufes ofdivorce,being fore . fignified-to the Cenfors, the. marriage tables werd broken, . _ the dowry reftored,the keys of the houfe taken fr6 the wo- man,& fhe turned out of doores: all which ceremonies are -arlarge treated of by 74. Dempfter..5 -Antiq. Rom.cap,3 3, AO bolle 6 Cary; 2155) - Quo apparatu, quibnfg, ceremonits apud veteres de= . funtla corporaigns tradebantar. pis Romans inancienttime, when they perceived 4; _body-dying, had fuch.a euftome, thatthe next of the kin fhould receive the la{t gafp of breath from the fick bos - * dy, into his:mouth, as it were by the way of kiffing him; (to fhew thereby how loath & unwilling they wereto be,” _ deprived of theit friends ) and likewife fhould:clofé the eyes of the party being deceafed. Whence e4zna faid unto | her eat Sees : Rie asd oh. em YY Ls iy re oculos. Oma pri? i a Pee Seton body had thus deceafed, they keptit feven dayes. -wathing the corps every day with hot water, mesanoynting it withoyle, poping that ipsa only inaflumber,and not quitedead,itmightby = | Percalidos latices aliena undantia flammes Med sd eo __ Expediunt, corpuflg, lavant frigentts & ungunt, _ Inthefefeven daies fpace;all:thedead mens friends metto-. >. gethernowandthen , making agreatoutcryorfhout with __ their voices,hoping that if the dead body. had been onlyina q foundorfleep, he mizht thereby be awaked. This action . _Wastermedconclamatio, whence. when wehave done the. _beft wecan in a matter, and cannot effect it, we fay prover- bially conclamatum eft for this third conclamation or gene- . | _ yall out-cry ( which wasalway.upon the feventh day after , _ thedeceafe) waseven the laft refuge, at which if the body _ didnot revive,then wasit carried,to buriall, being invefted * _-withfuch a gown, asthe parties place or officeformerlyhad tequired. Thofe who had the drefiing, chefting,orembai- _ ‘ming of the dead corps,were €all ed Polliattores: After they. _ had thus embalmed the corps, they placeditinabed faltby the gate of the dead mans honfe, with his face. and heeles. outward toward the {treet,according tothat of Perfins.. . naceceeeT andem@, beatulus alto. ‘~. - Compofirus letto, craffi(g, luratus amomis. | da portamrigidos calces extendit.------« 4 ry Wy ? " f : 4 eR sae ang word _ - * ar . * € Pia ere ed by the Romans in their Burials, . 8 d #rna,isoften ufed by the Poets , to fignify a grave or 7 re Ic nrejas) RS he } EtG rf % ; rs Lote ms be cece re oie ‘ ; 5 2 Und requie/tit in urna: Ovid. Met.lib.4,— aes 0 _ £Though properly /epalcbram was in old time, a vault or fRoGn.ane, arched toofe,round about the walls whereof were placed libs. oe . gertain colina ee loculiswithin which thofe former wr= ee _~ wa were laid upand kept, namely,two or three in each cof. | a fin Now thefe funeral] folemnities were commonly to- wards night,infomuch that they uled Torches ; thefe T or- , ches they propetly called. funalia afunibus cera circunda. .secvins in tis,unde & funus dicitur.» Others are of opjnion, that fuzus* neidslib. i, isfo faid fromthe Greek word 04@-. fignifying death or pHub.in'Cin flanehter. The bones of che buried body being thus gathe. ¢p.fam.lib4g, * tedup, thendid the Prielt befprinklethe company with ~ iG clean water thrice,and the eldeft ofthe mourning women called prefice,with a loud voice pronounced this word /4- cet,thereby difmiffing the company , (the word fignifying as muchas /re icer;) Then prefently did the company de- part,taking their farewell of the dead body in this forme of words: Vale,vale,vale:nos te ordine quo natura permiferit et oo quemur Afany of thefe ceremonies had been omitted i then #Hieron,Fe- - wasit termed fepultura infepulta,in the famé fenfe as axp- Ohi nie tie formerly were termed sanupta. The old and aged men Psi were invited after the buriall,toa feaft,or fanerall banquet | called, ilicernium * quafi (licanium,id eft conn Supra filicems kServiusin pofita,their cuftome being to eat that feaft upon an altar of ucid.lib.s. (tone: and becautfe this fealt wasonly eaten at funerals and by the elder fort, hence figuratively this word /t/icerwiwm, 1 Antelig.in dothfometimes fignifie an old cripple ready forthe rave: Ter. Adelph, The poorer people initeed ofa fealt , received adole or die Aa. {tribution ofraw flefh: this dule was termed Wifcerario. ae | Moreover there was.a potation , or drinking of wine after -.» the buriall called Alurrata,or Murrhina potio,whichafter- wards the law of the 12.tables for the avoiding of expen- ces did prohibit: as likewifle for ike moderating of greifé in : a : the. . sas a —t Alex.Gen, os diet 3 50.75 La Fs 3 ~ J ey

cere ’ ‘a 042% aa ae, : 5. . iS! | ie Psy hs & Swe es a eT aay ee oT wee’ tn A ee pin a Sa os wR a eee De 2 OBR IL. Ze % 7 pees, on ees ° We Th iim. + Be ae Re Ro: Ae Oe eh oe Set Sie ight Mrs Peas De itt ee aS e/g 5 mae Sethe ey mee oS AR ae *: eu pied Sr ae eas b x Oy ; ; 4 > “ rs a Ty a, ; 2, tg Bt 1 , iete iw 5 pT ORRIN ESSN 8 OF the Roman Games. ol PSR eR | oe ~ i cae, OF te uae eae Bye | De lndis Megalenfibue, iG a ©. ily i expo ceca He plaics ufiilly exhibited by the _ 5) Romanes,may bedivided into three - 2 Honorarit, others. Ladiari. Thofe weretermed Saeri,which were in- ve {tituted immediatly to the honour 3. } of the’ Gods: Such were the(ethat. Sherer 2 follow in their feverall Chapters. _ Megalenfes ludi,they are called fimply Adegalefia,from the ‘Greek word utfgsfignitying AZagnus , becaufe they were _ _ -performed.in the honour of Cybele,called ALagna mater ; of _ » ~which Ihave fpoken formerly , and there alfo difcovered - the manner of this feaft. Only here take notice of that which isnot mentioned there,namely,that thefe Games began, 4 pridie Nonas Apritis id eft ,on the fourth of April, andcon- tinued fix daies after: as appeareth by divers Authors, but more efpecially by Ovid, whocould not eafily be corrup= — Pleiades whichis on the fecond of Aprif,addeth, L s ‘ ‘ a i ri ae P Be eee i bapceds va ‘ — et a raed ¢ . 2 * forts :fome were Ludi facri, others ted, Ovid. Faft lib.4 Hehaving{poken of the rifing of the — ve w* we PRM Sho why eae gh ‘ Dah | Re ye rom ay al x f. crept into * Livy matter in hand, fait Ludi | is,that thefe plaics were celebrated upon the twelfth of b Ant.Conft. ¢-conent thefe {ports in their purple and beftrobes,/hence in Ovid, Faft . | oe azar Scalig, fort at this time 5 liberty was granted , to counterfeit:all ue - ; 0 Ry Te we pan, Wer, » we Me Ty p>; Blatthefe games were performed in the hononrof (¢- Pe >) se res,isby none doubted. In them was reprefented the ee i _ Roman Mattons, Ceres her lamentation for her daughter ye om Proferpina , taken away by Pluto; the Roman men beheld | thefe playes in white gownes : the women performed the facred and holy Rites in a white garment alfo, Among whomit was obferved , that then they thought their fer- vice gratefull to the Gods, when it was performed by thofe that were joyfulland free from all funerall pollutions. At | _ this time there wasa folemne going in proceffion, and car- rying about their Gods.in the Cirque, this felempity was canoes he Whee: te pro~ aS a sMntat Dror: patel is cure ‘cap ra vs, mamhaxefedes,corona,exuviasideft. Firfjin ¢ oe Ce proceffion, werecarried about the Images 6 i oka : Bere tery ~ Secondly ,the Images of well defervingmen, bs i a fa Chiral ty, Chariots ledup and downe for greater fate: and - De oe - — - magnificence; unto this Virgi/alludeth: BO a He De ith ati’ . Hicillinsarma sab Mee : eo 2 at Peois Be CERY coertins fut. | Mgt ae Wes | eee, Fourthly, Pageants, fol interpret saber alii were. ey, o Be poe + ‘called quap i tenfa,a tendendo,as ¢: Afcousus noteth , becante. e Vid Franc, ee FAB they were carried up and downe, ‘ by. the help of certaine lun, apices ia di a aie FOpess. which totouch they counted a point of religion. ;,. Wi yak a _ Fiftlyshor@litters.for that thefe armamaxe were not Cha- yj. Turned. . “riots,or wagonsappeareth by him, § Quiexcurruin armas29.27. ps maxam deponebatur, They feem to have been ofa compoun- /Herodor, 176 hates . ded forme,in part like Chariots ,called deuare, in part like. Ree : waines,called dake, and thence dpudluate hath i tidppebn UR eae lation sapuepencer, snqnit Phavorinus ‘ 9 17E35 ww doar xa Sed eaev. ae, au aya a rind agubiin aeace, > bi 2 0107 aR LLeb, % Ue esis wads eguata ti Woéon | : _ &ysva ms abdegs. In which words , befides the etymologic: he 4d Seeteoied: the ufe thereof ‘is declared to be for the carriage - peat of men. That as the Chariots went empty for greater mag- _ He ee nificence,and asin their Pageants werecarried the Simla _— on ae - chra Deorum,according tothat ,8 ZF henfa Deorum: vehicn. 2 Alex. ab Ps a lum: foin thefe ‘tae Dg i ‘were carried men ; ortather tex L2vc, ee that fame dbmen imaginum, which was the fecond particu: oe Tie Ba Jar. Sixtlyschaires of State. Seventhly, crownes. Lafly, — f{poilestaken from their enimies. Thefe shreeilaiiclesfie - rh 2 abn es beenufed esti and principally inthe Remanfuppli- ‘ L 3 rh: cations, . ____. chaire,adorned withctawnes of victori b Vid. Ifaa:, from the enimie,reputing it not the leaft office,» Cafaub.in nour their Emperour,though abfent, with the pre: . Aas of fuch a chaire. Now inthe preparation to this part GHolp.de orig fhew,we read, thatan egge was efpecially providec _ 4eft.Rofin ls obferved by i many ont of AZacrobivs whofe words y= - ¢n4.Alex.ab wpm, im (ereals Pompe apparata numerabatur primum. A _ Alex,|.6.c.19 The obfervation is generall , but thereafon thereof, Jmter ae arcana Cererts quite fupprefled , and bynonethateverE Dee could meet with, yet explained: ifmy conjecture may fa- _ tisfie ina matter fo obfcure, conceive itthus. Thefe pomp- . ous fhewes were various,and inthe honour of diversGods, andaccordingly the Romans made choice in every fuchfo- Jemnity, of fome one principal! thing in their fhew , unto ae which the glory of the prefentfolemnity fhould in more e- °... fpeciail manner belong, Thus‘in the Pompa circenfis,which Solis hono- was celebrated in the honour of the ‘Sun,great horfes were _ .-renovi grat led up & down for greater ftate;! nia equi, equeftribus a Port 4 fpectacula — exercitamentis fol pracffecredebatur fuperftitione antiquif2 a ‘so egg fima.Hence the Cirque-placeit felte was called 71 iaeanty,8 ei Secs, Conip. inmoclespuoy-After thisfame manner inthis Powmpa Cerealis Aftic.l.t.c. (which was alfofometimes called Circenjs,fromthe place _ _ 37 vid,Dem- where it was exhibited )an egge was cheifly and principal- _ Phter. — Jy provided: for fecing that under the name of Ceres , this iFranc, Ten. folemnity was performed to the Eanth, how could the annot inTer. iy : " defpedic.8, & arth be more honoured,then by bearing about the hiero- elyphick ofthe whole world?as if they did intimate there- by, that even heaven it felfe was beholding to the Zarsh, —Pecori frondes alimentag, mitia fruges * | -— Humano generi ,vobis quog;thura minifiro.Ov, Met.l.2. mCol.Rbod, And fuch an hieroglyphick™ Calin Rhodiginus provethan 4ib,27.017, egge tobe,partly from its circular & globe-like formspart- a 1 : ly or - etna. 5 i: the seba nthe Cie fn were ee co ibe ‘ite n Dio sing 49% ayy, _. >fuala, markes ofa long roundneffe,informe of anegge,in he memo ry of oCaftorand Pollex , which were ove edits ;ac- 0 Tertul, de i ‘cording tothatof Horaces. : lates a saat Ovo prognatus eodem Har ferm. 2. Sat, B. ~ Bor the fame reafon happily it was, that anegge wasatthis. = time cartisdup & eae the chief & ia ealigns aie 5 he .. # oe pee Ot ee ¥ +; ge see $b - : éi: pow Rete, a Plorales, Se a 5 "§Hefe Games ot fports., were inftituted in the honour: ~ _ of the Goddeffe Flora, that the being therewith ap- peated, » theearth might bring forth fowres, and fruits in. greatabundance. Of the Goddeffe it hath been fpoken be. _ -fore. The time of the yeare when thefe {ports were obfer-. hath - wed,P wasupon the foure laft daies of siete and the firf.of p Aloo ah i oa May whence i is that of Ovid.Faf.5. lex,lib¢ 2 a alerts Aprili,tranfis in tempora Matis UE ae ee : citer te fugiens,cumvenit alter,babet, Ge: et ea _ The manner thereof was,thar {hameleffe {trumpets did: the ae _runup and downe the ftreets naked ;ufing many lafcivions — ri. ae -/ &obicene geftures,& {peeches : they were called together. oie ~ by thefonnd of a trumpet.unto which Javenal alludeth, Adie ae : -... Digniffima prorfius- 4% OS RS Sal em | Floralimatrona taba, : ~ ” More- (eon ae t ean rSuct.in'G al. t to walk on ropes, & that there isan aptnefle in Elepha it ‘as id = fPlin.J.8.¢.3- to goe forward and backward on ropes, Pliny teftifieth, 9 u Tert.de fpe-cap.s. . ftituted by pape Pompilirtse «“ Gap. 5 a Lai Apoltinares. ne Lae yr 9" Dok sf _ ¢Livdib.s. -- “Here wasan ancient Poet, called AZartivs , + out of ey ae alee whofe writings , as likewife out of the Sibylline Ora- <>» cles, the Romans were admonifhed to dedicate certaine | : hike 1s, games to Apollo, At the firlt celebrati6 of them,* it isrepor= eo bets thata fuddain and unexpected invafion of enimies en- iS : | forced the Roman people to forfake their {ports , and tobe- take themfelves to weapons: in whichtime of the r diftrae -@ion , acloud of darts and arrowes was {€en to fall npon : their enimies; fothat they prefently returned Conque- y Suet, Pomp, roursunto their {ports, where Y at their returne they found deorig, being very joyfull, that their fports had been continued Nea > ~ with. ; Hite ok Peay a ; -. “Beftvid.Hot, one C.Pomponins, an old man,dancing to a minftrell ,and . = $ - ay %’ ¥ ' ore 4e ae a A ee loss a em iy y 1M < te - : P's ee ' } \ ; Sapa ody : % ; ‘ By é Sy Sy 4 24 2 why i) Wy. ’ pti : 6 Eg 7 i : diz tad Pee ot Se Tpuu 5 Cee be Pitan a Ludi Martiales,’ . i ; : : i b - ~ ae f oe. OES Me t Dio, lib, 60. C)* thefe fports there isnot much fpoken : they were a ae obferved upon the firft ot Auguft, becanfeon that day — the Temple of 4247s was confecrated. They werefirhtin- - “. * ee res rs Z ~ Pers eo. + wh Bigs Gages: oi yu - re BA eet in? tee eae e é ve LS ‘ Ae PR He BS Cs Ea ea mys 4S " Pas ok cS 559) Ge AS oO ey + Bed yd BK * x rs — s ae: fir infituted by Romulus»: fometimes Magni ludi, = = _ ‘either becaufe of the greatchargeandexpenceofmoneyat = =§= st” that time,or becanfe they were performed inthehonourof = _ their great God Neptune, called alfo Con/us,becaulehee 4 Tertl.de was reputed the Gad of fecret cown/els,whence the folem- fpectscap: 32 Bei themiclecsarcfometimesealledCosfuelies whereas many ofthe Reman Temples;forcertaimmyfteriousfignifi= _ gations,had their peculiar mannerofbutlding,® Servins no* psery.in Vi, ~ teth,thatthe Temple inthe great Cirque,dedicated to\com: An:lib.3. ihe _ fi, was covered, tofignity thatcounfelsmuft be fecrered; = . and conc aled.Likewife for the fame reafon,¢ his Altar was ; glex.ab Al ; 3k aid it catth,ridt appearing in publiqueview;{avei.sc26, only in. the time of thefe folemnities exhibited. 'T he chiefe ae: - ceremoniesufed at thistime, confifted:in the adorning of ~ _ >. their horfes and. afles with garlands, wherein they thonght == “that Weptunewashonoured,whowasthefirtauthorandin, = = venter of horfriding hence Neptune himfelf iscalled4 tamer. y vid, suid. This feftivall.wasfirltinftituted by Zuander,in thehonour) © of Neptunesunder the name of famoz,8&¢ thécc the featt was’, pion, Hal. called tormupenas Afterward it was renewed by Romulus, lib, 1. in the honor of Wepennelikewife,butunderthenameofCo~ Ses, becanfe Romulus needed.aGod of counfellitoaffithiny’ 99°. 4 in that defignement ofhis, for the violent takingawayoffo. ©. os Mee Gor es many ~ % = emer * fa ae ee a ae ower gana hor fe whence came that diftin@tion;Fattiones Prafina,Venere,Raf.t¢ Cuca fate, Albate;which colours may thus be englithed ; the firft “** : fignifieth adeep green;thenexta kinde of ruffet inclining to ap red;the thirda Venice blew,or Turky-colour;andthelata 69 perfect white.Of thele !Tertuitian {pcaketh as followeth: prerulde Aurigis coloribus idololatriam veftierunt ep ab initio duo foli fpeG.cap,gn - fuerunt,albus & ruffeus Albus hiemi ob nives candida: raf= | | feus aftati ob felts ruborem voti erant:fed poftea tam volupta- . te,quam{uperftitione proveltaruffexm alsj Marti, ali: album A Zephyrtsconfecraverunt: Prafinum vero terre matrivelvere == * no:Venetum ceelo & mari,velautumno. Asthe Emperonr,fo the people fometimes favoured one faction or company, sa hee fometimesanother:& accordingly as they favoured the com. pany,they would lay wagers on their ‘fide, which wagers they termed by a peculiarname Sponhones;thus™Tarnebus vy ng rpee faedecringpit ag age ; acne. ad = interpreteth7 ertuNian,where he faiththat the peopleflockt |, 5. ae to thefe races,fometimes for one reafon, fometimes for ano- Nea M2 | Me thety: / -q Aldus Ma- nut:lib: 3, de a | * Rofin, ant. - ry . he $0. $e “p luk: Scalige at “ 3 5 : lrb;poet.c, 22, 1 = © cloath out danger. * Somehave thought them tobe the fame with’ ladi Gymnici fo called from yazyds naked sbecaute that thofe which did performe thofe kindesof exercifes,did either put A ofall, or the greateft part of their cloaths;to the intent that — a : they -. Laftly,thefe Citque-fhe ws had their appellation Circenfes,: ~ ed i Ce | > firlt Eveation of elise games : + Lin fheweth, 7 NL incdee: t, where likewife he intimateth the reafon, why they & lib. 5». Were called Capstolins,ta havebeeninthehonour of Japiter” Capitolinusbecanfe he prefervedthe Capitol, whenit was. _affaulted by the Gauis.. We mut diftinguifhthefe games) i m thofe other fhewescalled Agones (apitolinisinftitu= a ted by Domitian: For thofe Ludi were exhibited-yearly, . 3 fthefe Agones every fift ycare;in thofé wascelebrated the /suetoniusin | deliverance of the Capitol ; Inthefe Rhetoricians, and Ro= Domit. CAP. 4e ets,and men of other profeffions contended for the-vitory: . : and hence ' Rofiwus thinketh the Poets Lawreat tohave tas ; Rofin, ant, ken their beginning.He is likewife of ppnieaties Jocenal| his, 18 2 % alludethunto thefefolemnities,.9 0 a ee gene Sed cum fregit (ubfellia verfis.- ses 2 . ished, _Bfurit, intalham P aridi wifi vendit Agauen, Sat, BES IM eae Althoug htheallufionmay.be granted, yethereinIthinke = | -Rofinus » though otherwi elesrned, tohavebeenmiftaken,. 0°, ininterpreting Fregit (ubfeltia,by Non feetit,Gxcidit,orNo- ©) x placwit:as if the Poet of whom Iuvenal fpeaketh, hadtbgog sc ek conquered at this time. In my opinion neither will thepure ees pofeof Zavenal , nor that phrafeof fpeech admitthatcon-- ftrudtion.Not the purpofe of Jevenal,for the {cope and drife - oo “of thar Satyre,is to Shew,that be the Poetnever fo pleafing,. =~ or let him give pe fatistaction tothe people,yet he fhal ree - M3. — ecives Pe, ts ed weg ae eh _. Fib.s Epiftiad Pane olz -Sapand. frangentem _ ¢Polyb.in puso mde 8 chmsy Nam oo Kpbris » F xpavyie. So that hereby he t ‘aSidon. Ap. by > 2 Bs! or % ° ey Be - ye ; vit, Neither isthat of Virgilunlike; a Et cantu querela rumpunt arbuftacicade, “ta hift.rs. think the Poetunderftandeth, that Grande fophas, fo often —- ge ~ ee Bee Pe Poet,by the lowd acclamation of ogas,or Spas. Vnto which ey, Rete vs bee . ~~ yHolpin, de Annus magnus by theit /aftra\y now they made it by thefe “orig. felt. Agones capitoljin. Againewe mutt diftinguith thefe Azones | gSucton, — gainguennales inftituted by * Augustus Ca/ar, in memory — Aug.cap. 18. of the victory, which he got againft ¢4stonius, upon-the promontory e4étivm, whence they were called, e#éiacs “ Ludi, : ‘ re 1 | | Cap, &. \ . . i Peete Y} : ER ‘ Epes Coe St gee fate es oe eee a Fp) OTK Dt ae se \ ar i POS ogy j a apon the jut period of time, when inion that | to be celebrated every ‘hundreth Herodian.lib, omy resfome every hundreth and tenne, fome otice only in EDN oe ree hundr grees thattheywerenamed “" .° ignified at leaft an hundred’ aie ~~ eaufe the full and compleatage of aman,” might extend it tind ay on 3 = Q oO. o e, ga a ~ name nect Rowe, adjoyningtothetiverTiber.Allthe Thee» . - attesat this time were filled, and facrifices offeredthrongh- 4 f @ 4 -~ : “as ‘\ % ? TX e ; } ‘ * . ‘ » Soo “The ft a theE mperout and the Dui in : a aicended the Capitol, and there _ fice according to the wonted manner;thence tk eC | _ to the Theatres,to performe folemn playes in the honour of — eee . Apolloand Disanteeidoons! day the noble Matronsaffem- ae. » bled together in the {apital/, they offered up fapplications. i cert _ anto their Gods, they fated and fing hyomes,inthehonour ‘ -.. |S" of che Gods. The ehird day fevenand twenty boyes, going along three and three, andas many maids in like manner; all _ «oft themnebly defcended, and-having both father andma- — ee. Sats 8 a ther alive.fong verfes;in which they. commended the Neon oe an Kate to. ‘the protection of the immortal: Gods This Be was tearmed Peanas concinere, which word Pean,t o ie __ fignifieth primarily.an hymne,or feng of praife madeto. Aa ‘ Bers 2 Cee, Rhod, pollo,who was c alle alle Peax, & from-quely, afertenda, bephile antiq. |.7..¢5+ of his vidtery. gotten of the Pyzhon:yet® fometimes; and fo ob Serve i in this place, it denoteth the -praifes in generallof all.the Enid Gods, Againe the phrafe intimateth an.elevation of the _ voice in finging, with akind of rifing from onenoteto: 7 ther. Thus Zarnebus maketh muanyiGew and gavveier tobe. ¢Turneb, - eppofi te, iVidetar antem P. aan contentionts: Stee. yas | _ady/hib, 1, rstio remifiephee: peor? pe ive so ogee ne be . Goh 2, ; FES I a eas a) EL ati AS Ea me 5 bs Ms an NS | : : oR ie ‘Can. 9: : ‘ cle : pone ‘ | eee “De ladis pebcitsscompicaiioagnpailbas, aS “bt 1 ae ae i Palatinis, T sar bn & Vorivis, Si: 8) ye Ther Games there were performed invthe honour of ae the Gods, which are rather named by Authors: then. ae ee explained »' they’ are thefe that follow ; #Plebeij\ Ludi, — tk Alex. ab A- ‘which were celebrated inmemory ofthe liberty rte a: Tex, L6. cer 9» 40 the Roman fate,by the we sctespits of Confilss in the; ——, . ° Aral, £9 ik: an eee ee od Be P tee fe they were ufual n the crofle-waies, and : re : o ee Be ae s« m Macrob.]. 73 tt y . Satur, ‘ q¥elt.vid.Ha- fpin.de orig. A mor facere votg id eft to make ee ne 1D Eee * e which made it > Tuieh. ad- Gods: the vow being thus made , id write It in paper, & with wax faltned it tothe knees of verJ.1c.176 Sghoie Godspthieteliy binding himfelfe the more ftrongly to i, / . ; és : 4 oA, es ie on.3 “ ‘oe a et the perta - davenaltermethit, G eat at Ss Cee anes aett ia eff, con ewe boundandobliged tothe performance thercot , fo: a9 _. Gods might challenge the thing vowe 1 as due debt . . granted his requeft,yeaafter-that the thing craved hadbeen. — . obtained,then washe faid, Damnatew vott, vel voto (ideft )» fimply bound to the performance of the vow,fo that byco= _ fequence, Damuarivoti,vel vete,is tohave ones defire acco- _ plifhed, Thus have we gone over the chicfe and prineipall _ - games which were meerely Sacri,tending toreligion: the fecond fort were, Ludi honorarii,ot which in the next Char- pter.. — : oct A eee ee | C6 BTR ane 7 : _ De Gladiatura, | fo. Gian {ports and plaies , which. were performed by-pris- sa vate men upon their own purfe andcharges , they fee- king thereby to winde themfelvesinto the affe@ions of the common people, .and to.make way: fortheir own prefer- alfaac,Cafeu. Ent and honour, were termed * Lvds honorarsi; and how-. bon insuer, {everany game or fhew might be tendred unto the peo- Ang3z, _ plein this refpect,yet thofe of this nature were forthe molt: _ part.cither foncing or flave-playes: fencing, becaufe the fight - cae _ thereof was {0 often freely beftowed upon the people, is. “_ g.bip(Satd.1, therefore many timesdenoted by:the Latin word,bAZunuss ‘cap.7s and thofe-that beftow thefe fights, are for the fame reafon. termed Adunerarii. The firft originall of this feneing,and fword-playing,to the killing of oneanother,hath been deri-. remit, Ved * froma cuftomary practice among the Heathens,at the- ‘Secvine ca. DUtials of their friends, who were perlwaded thatthe fhede - Aeneid. 1o.. ding 6f hans blolid Would bt propitiatory for. the.foule de-. > ceafed;hence would they buy captives & flaves, purpofely tobe facrificed at burialesafrerward that this valcke: | le: eC ES ies were br ion and cruelty made thefe anh ia _ bloudy ff ectacles in after ages more frequét,infomuchthas =~ | “prizes atlait were plaid not onlyatthe tombes, butindi- = ~-verfe other places,as the Cirque & Amphitbeatre » &C. Yea they: were given as legacies by will and teftamentuntothe - Bie. ssl prizes have continued many daies together: & -thenumber of the combatants fometimes exceeded num : acne the fir none would thus hazard their lives, butcap- _ tives,and fugitive fervants, which were enforced thereto, being bought for that purpofe ; afterward thofe that were- ne ~free- aha, fuffered themfelves tobehived,forwhichcanfe - they were termed Axforati hirelings; 4 yeanoblemen 4 Sen, eprtdo. : _ themfelves fometimes by reafonof their decayed eftates, _ -fometimes to demerit the Emperourhislove,endangered — _ their lives in this fight: thofe that were hired,bound them- - felvesbyafolemne oath to fight unto death, or elfe they “would yeeld their bodies to be whipt , NS and.to be burnt, unto which¢ Horacealludeth; — eSerm.27.. _ Quid refert,vri,virgts ferrod, wecarh? Lome oho. “edulloratus eas, an turpiclanfusinarca® = ot The: manner of this bloody fneeacle was thus; the Matter, -or exhibiter thereof, did by: a publike bill , sive notice unte— the people,what day the prize fhould be performed, how | ety couples wete,to combat, what their names,éc.there. - | Bias fp the greater expectation, & concourfe of peo- he this {peaketh f Sweton, Adunss populapronunciavit.ig FSucton,in file mi poriam.& Yea they didin.tables hanged in publike- fulio. . view,pa tand reprefent, not onely the defcriptionof thegPlings7.° Pisa "allo the saad forme and gefture of the fencers; fe eh eedlat fii. 3 | Se iaie acta sferiant vitentG, moventes — : 2 ee ts -2Seén, epait, A +i - pSuid.in voce eT Hie ~ + m Sen. Here, furverl, 221. LY n Lipl Sat. 2. oe capect 9 ° . 4 se the , be thofe, with which they really encountred eachother for life or death,and therefore fometimes they are called Pugua- toria,i Seneca {peaketh of both; Remove iftaluforia arma,de» cretortis opus eff, And thatthe Apoftle doth not allude to~ both,I dare not gaine-fay, 1.Cor, 9.26.27. where he faith weapons,and tga reall fight,then were they faid Dimicare - ad certum, and Verjis armis pyovare, This word 0 Perks be. 10g put for Tran @MPaie tn the ae of fighting 5 they did frame & compote their body according to the rules of their art , for the better warding of themfelves, andthereadier wounding of their adverfary. This frame and pofture ofthe — } . : Pa pr bédy Zs fe é asitv " : ; y intended. In likema- atu dejititur or deturbarur-he is dri= sormeecnctall,neisamazed.inthe . © «© | eh fay,De RE Ht t. o change his: min nd : fictyottentimes the fword-players after they nad recei- non - wedany dangerous wounds, laid down the weapons,which_ - _ ‘though inextremity was a token of cowardife neither were thereupon acquitted or difcharged; but this depended _ - upontheconfent either ofthe Emperour yor the peopte,or ~~ the Mafter of the fhew. This difcharge was properly called * — - Miffio Sach was the cruelty of thofe times, thatmany pri- ~- ges were proclaimed,wherein they fore-Ggnified, that fuch ~ difcharges fhould neither becraved,norgrantedswhereup- tt on? Augufius Cafarmadeadecree, wherein Gladiatores fix y Suet, Avg. > ne miffioné edi prohibuit. Thole combatants that overcame, 45. - s yeceived by way.ofreward;fometimes mony, fometimesa = -garland,or coronet of palme-tree, wound abont with cer- a _ tain woollenribbands cailed Lemnifcé; the coronet it felfe te. - was therefore called? Pa/msa lemni{cata,8ohence figurative- 5 rane,Sylv, ly hathRa/ma been tranflated to fignify the victory it felf, 8 in orat,pra facha man as hath often gotten the prize , we fay proverbis Sext.Rofe. ally ih at se is Plerimarum palmarum borno.The reafonwhy eS the Palme-tree,rather then any othertree,fhonldbegivey = * intokenof victory isrendred by 4diversapproved authors 7A". prob. to be thissbecanfe the Palme-tree,though you put never fo aoa as ee)’ ponderous and heavy weight upon i, yet it will not yeeld, er ye ae but rather endeavour the more upward. Sometime the rt. yee _ ‘ward givenby the people,was one of thofe wands, or cud. gelsufed in the fore-skirmifh. That wand was properly called Radis,and it was given in token of liberty, fignifying _ thereby, that-he fhould thence forward lead hislifefree fo from fhedding of blood:alluding to which cuftonie, this, B,ar Adep,. ~ word *Kadis hath been ufedto fignify any other kinde of Rudem.aceip,, i aba rte ee ae wmmgedamiee i 2. ; they \ ate ¥ in Poetry Lattl tenm,acap.And her - rence between Palma, A1iffio,R e was Rude denatus id oft difcharegs y,fometimes he that conque here it will not be amiffe, | they thereby reitored to their freedomealfo, which for- merly they forfeited by undertaking fuch bafe conditions: to others which were formerly fervants,or captives, it was only a tokenof liberty & difcharge. Notwithftanding fome- times upon favour,fuch fervants or captives obtained toges _ ther with their difcharge from fuch fights, a priviledge alfo ofenfranchifement, whereby they were thenceforwardin- corporated amongft free Citizens:the token hereof was Pi-_ ~ Jews,for then.they received acap,which latter obfervation helpeth for the underftanding of T enseelerasa ete faiths (Tertulde £ Qui infigniori nig, homicide leonem po/cit,idem gladiators ss Apetiscap, 21. gsrocs petat rudem , ch pileum pramiumconferat. In which a fpeech the unjuft,& the unreafonable practice of thofe hea- . thens is difplaied,whiles they judge a man-flayer to be ex- pofed toLions & wild bealts: & yet notwithftanding wil re- . ward the bloodines of {word-plaiers. Thefe fencers fought with divers manner of weapons,& accordingly had feverall Ee Aes names,the chiefe of which we read are thefe, 1 .Retiarsi,fo ee called from retejaculiz, fignifying a float-net ufed in fifhing, © = becaufe this fort of Fencers,did fight with acaft-netinone s hand,to catch,and clafp about their adverfaries headsanda a three forked engin inthe other, which they ufed inflead ofa ‘ eae {word r pw Rann le eShth : seed aon on of Fencers. Their {word was a crooked falchid;termed of thefe,a long one onthe left fide, & a fhorter on the right fide,anfwerable to.our {word and dagger , but the forme of. the Sica was al waies crooked according to that; Sica Spgs uixdy £ig@- seweueis. Privy murtherers pracifing thekil- ling of men, may feem tohave ufed thelefler,, as a pocket dagger; fuch are thofe Sicaris , of which there is fuch often. mentionin Z#ly.4!v Afyrmillones they are fomtimes called: Galli, because they were appointed after the manner of the - Ganls, Their weapons were a fword,a target,an helmet. _ with acreft in forme ofa fith, 5!¥ Hoplomach: ,thename ime. ports them to be armed in their fight,it is derived -from the Greek trey Vel Sara arma,8¢ udroum pagno: untill Aaguftus _ histimethey were named Samuicas , their armodr wasan ~ helmet witha tuft on the creft,afword,a fhield,& a boot on a ies | ian the. ~ xouetin, Doe & ry ; : ; , : yAlex.abAe _ ~ bythem Sica. The Roman fouldiers did ule to weare two lexlG.c225. Lipf.de milit, lib. 3,dial.7. one a * Veget, vide legg { Lipf-S ae 2 Oty Aas réachagainit the other , with two fwordsa peece, as the frft name importeth. ro'y Laqwearsi, {uch as fought with fwords & halters,the ufe of the halters was’ the fame asthe Retiarié made of their nets, to caft abourtheir adv er(as riesneck orarme, that they might the-eafier wound thein with their fword.Ofall thefe forts of fencers "Zip/ius tréa= teth largely, to whom! refer the reader. Only here let him mong(t the Grecians in warre , that boots alonéare often-_ imacharss called allo Orbela, they — take notice thatit wasinthe power. of the people, todif- © charge any of thefe combatants in time of the fght , which difcharge they fignified premendo pollicem , by holding down their thumbs or elfe to adjudge him to continue the fight, though in never fo great danger , and chis latter they fignified convertendo polliccm, by turning up the thumb; bets 7 — Erverfopollicevulgs ! Quembliber occidunt populariter, Juven.Satz. ‘Moreover that there might be alwaies in readines,a {affici- f Pp | s - aaa 8 cnt \ al up there for more publick and 3 amilie. The word Familia is - é, tofignify the whole company oF ee longing to one {choole, andthe Mafterof sréafon, more then once by ™ S#etencal- nw Sicton Ce a familia ; Moreover, when one challenged ano- ti a Wee ote o thefe combats, they fignified their challenge by Domit. 10, __ beckning with their little finger. Horace Se ate : mac as Cripinus. msinime me provocat; Accipe fr Sry ON | eA ctipe iam tabulas. ib, 1. Serm. 4s. failp rey This ‘mont, be underftood of abeckning, and shat oii the eo: little finger; for otherwife in time of the fight, if either of aN the combatants did hold up his finger,’ n he fignified thereby GAle cha ke that he did yeild, ‘and give place unto his adverfary: fome Lexelqic.26 ei think {thac Perfius had refpect unto 6 this. Saale in that ie Nee yg 3 ew seis exere, Lboees Sat. seh i sect » ; é - t? ‘ ae pe P. “a ee z id . hoki ; ie! i ire b ~ eee 248 fou ght S529 De bud Stenisis. STE DAW me “He. ferond fort of nbiies teem on ite pe for their favour, were lad Scenici, ftage-playes. Theta. 2, a Sens of thisname: ‘(cena may be teen before: * The Arh infli- He Lacihe Pe Lg _ _. «tution of them: was occafioned by reafon of a great ficknes, Repub..Rom. which byno medicinary help could be removed « The Ro- libs Oncapat ia. : mans faperltitionfly conceiting’; that fome new Simesor cewek ey _. fportsbeing found out,the wrath ofthe Gods wouldtherée- a8 by be unatmed./y:Wherenpon, about the fowrehundreth , Alex. Gen. _yeare after the building of. en they fent for certain ftage dier,1,6,c,19. 2 eg eut of cols ceuabiig they called Hy iPriones, ftom ae re 0. Qs | the. Te : babs ee bt) > the diverfe'kindesofitegesplayes I-read of fox 2 aes the Grecians, Mimice,Satyra,Tragedte,(iom oo _ Romans ,;P lanipedes, Attellana,Pratextata, Tal Englith, fables, Bimicall,satpricall, Cragicall,< \Thefe Mimicall players did: muchrefemble:-theclov -goea tip.toe im derifion of the mincing dames; fometimes fometime upon the top of theintongue to feoffe thecitizen. ~ And thus,by theimitation ofallridiculousgeflures orfpee- ~ ches, in all Kind -ofsvocations.,\they:provokedtaughter; éu@- an initator,orone that.dothape like counterfeit o-. sa Ads thers; aslikewifechey-were called P/anipedes,becaufe the — — goftlex, ib. Actorsdid-enter upom the flage plane pedibussid ofx Sieur" a tyre, from, the-Ja{civious.and-wanton country- Gods called __ aAntefignan; Satyri, becaufe the Actors in thefe Satyricall playes,did ufe- infuis ebfer- many ob{cene poems,, and unchalt geftures to delight their es aaa “ tpectators. Afterward thefe kinde ofaCtors as we may con- Ay MUCIS, LOTS. » : ae | ea). = re may n= —mefixis, _ JeCt, did aflume fuchiiberty untothemfelves; that they did on: freely and without contrelement, fharply tax & cenfurethe : vices even ofkings,as welas ofthe commonssinfomachthat. .* now we call every.witty poem,wherein thelives 8& man-. Bee ey, ners of men are fharply taxed,'A Satyre,orSatyricalpoem, — Ly VideEratin,, -Satyramondan fi nit fabfum genns.canminis Vhelefatyrie — ,adag. = Cal playes werealfo-called, At teHana, from the city: Attellax —. Kavaditeg. in Campania, Where they were often ated, The third fort - 2 3 avestis. otitage-playess.werecalled Tragedia, from ged9sa Goats. er -&éddian Ode or feng; becaufe the actorsthereof hada Goat — - ae _ given themasarewards And likewife they were calledpre- vextate from praterxtaa certain Roman robe, which thefea-. ; tors. = i ta ‘ Os aN | war 3 nee END ert aeeeet. S os ee Ss. th they: were patie? fromthe _ cing. Thefé two laft forts of ‘ein they agree; otherwife the proprieties or — onby which they differ, I find three forts of they agree,namely partes primaria,acec(foria, Eo ae Fsparts principa!l,acceffory,and circumftances; 4 _whichare not fo truly patts, asaccidentall ornaments ad~ ded to beautify the playes: The principall parts are fowre in — et « - of the matter treated of, for as far.as the declaration Soc _ or expofition of the matter i in hand teacheth, without inti- on... nt toentiie, fo far reacheth the 1. part cal- . € Pla whige? word fignifiéth no more thena propofi- on or declaration: But when the play énclineth to its heat ‘and trouble; then enfueth the fecond’ partcalled Eatzuors, which fignifieth the intention or exaggeration of matters; ‘The third partis cMlled yericums, td eff, the {tate and full vi- gor of the play. The laft part which isan unexpected change e _ Into a-iuddain tranquillity and quietneffe is called x70, * whence bya metaphor it hath been tranflared to fignify the _ end or period of any other thing;or rather the inclinatié un- tothe sigs Vite, 2 cataftrophe,the end of a manslife, ns. : oe 2 a _ , Inrefpeét ofthe players forfaking the ltage, the parts were * < five}namely the five A@ts. For the Actors did five timesin _ every Comedie and Tragedie forfake the flage, & makeas it i were fo many interruptions. T he occafion whereof is fup- pofedtohave bin this, that the fpetators mightnot be wea-. might, fomtimes be delighted with varicty intermixed.For - ei Oz ee; as Oe and Comedies, being till inufeax rth our labour to confider thecom- — Pa ried out withacontinued difcourfe or action, bur that they =" many times it hapneth fo:for in Plantas his bragging | dier the Prota/is.is found in the fecond AG:and fo likew: fe _ taftrophe, their bounds unbounded, Thefe Acts are divided tote “o Vidi Brafm. $ : : adag. have the other three parts, id eff, Epitafis, Cataftafisand Caz oh | 25 a.man st for_al ow amonett ae : the Romanes it was thought unht, that, above three perfons. pe: {hould EAS, a a 2? { hie f ‘ oe ie eae yite® Tate sah i us ; Oo Mie eee: yO FL RE Fy aged y ‘ dy EA es Gite,” Pea | Boe ‘ CR AN é Wein fF Pf oe: ae ay ¢ Ww f , ap age ¢ ~ ¥ gS { ba J ane not be amiffe t.tocleare the’ word teffe ambiguity. The, word, hath ‘fowre remarkable fig all alluding to. matters of antic quity. ' Pitt: a -warch«word among the’ rain inehé campe _ _ they difcerned theit cnimies, o _ Jowes;° Alex. ab Alexandro giveth many Ang gufties Caer ‘in his camp, gave for his Us snail ;POm peins MAL ries gave for hi . 8 Oy Lo til ais va Ae Mexilib. Aa Cds P ore we trea Oc& this was called’ ra framentaria,a certaine ticket; or toke: ay unto the ‘poore,att the tendring itereat ee at ‘thebe- pinning © of. eres ‘month, “were given, iti vident é were fuck Saye diftributions nig of ¢ corne, seven by that € deay a r of . ce: us fas his,who for the avoiding of trout € . “all to three fer diftrib RS fometimes i inftead of -corne;there weteat certain times, “the poore, which doale whofoever freceavedst | \ ‘Len or bill of ‘exchange,termed Teff TebnamAeaisele two * = Jalt acceptions, though they ‘may be diftingu uithed, “yet be- > ¢Aufe they both tended tothe réleife. of mae poor a Hike wee ane or fpies, sien ¢ vid off era militares. a Ket lt T, Telfex 3 ngiven by the Ma. alates of ‘of cotn Ren ‘dole aig . 1 month aratfirtt ther Fpasetts utions in the yeare, bu He Te corfie, or happily rpc abv ake aware a (given to tendred his to- rete { have dé" joyned them together. Thirdlyithere was T: Aa hopiealis, ‘acertain token of wood, or fuch like matter, which ufually xvas cut in two by thole ab had engaged themfelves mu- tually to entertaine each other, whenfoever entertainment | fhould be craved, yea this wooden ticket or tally being mu- tually accepted, it was lawfull for their pofterity bringing this token,to oe hofpitality. Thus 7 in Plautus, ha- ~ ving ¢ Pe aE ay kai - wskepaln is ema eon i opelyed tainty of both games: Teffera properly fignifieth a dye; ‘Talus an bueudésbone, fuch wherewith children play Coc- er Indetermining the everall chaunces in thefe playes, authorsare not only diverfe, but in many things contrary - each toother, neither can any certainty be gathered from. ee writings; whether my conje@tures, drawn from com= . paring their feverall and contrary writings, may give light or the right underftanding of decayed knowledge herein,I ‘thal willingly fubmit my felfe tothe cenfure of the judici- ‘ous. The feverall chaunces which I read of are thefe, fome - arifing from the number of the points in thedye, as Senio, Monas. More utually among(t the Gracians, 4 thefe two Suid. inwoce were termed Kaos, 8 yfQ-? 6 ple zelp phos Bdttivaro ty, BN Ko 0s HGi0% &E, id eff, Chins,antwered our Ace; o#s,our Sice. And this is _ confirmed by a proverbe inufe amongtt the Grecians: Kor _ tee9's xfoy, which the learned interpret to be,a comparifon oF un 3a Pyotr my rH aps they played not witha fi ingle: ae with three, as we ufe in Walsage, whence their -chaunces might have their name,not from the number of points ineach feverall dye, but ftom them all being caft. But that the Teffere had points inthem, appeareth by the teltimony of 4 Turnebus: Andhence Nameri, is fometimes é Turneb, ufed for Teffera; adv. |, y 16.6. 6. Sen ludet ‘nner of. %, mans jactabst cbarnes, ! P Oud tothe Teffere, and the Taés, to denote the un= ant : others named from oe & Turn. ady, mere es. bb.G. Cap, 108 ae ; ids idee ee ee —. ¢CalRbod. ¢ Ceiling Rhodiginus {peaketh more diftin€ly,faying that in e267" their play they ufed three T¢(fera,butfowr Tai, Thele Ta- aC el. Rhod, # Were fometimes called Vulturii as appearethby the fame ~ — Hip20.c38, ¢ Rbodiginws,and likewife Regul, The realon of both isrens my ae t 7 - ee Turnadv,. dred by¢ Turnebus,he being of opinion that thefe Tai had . Bbes.cap.6._ nor pointsin them asthe Teffera , faith, pronumerisefigies : — animalinumbabebant,wt vulturum, aut regaulorum Thatthey were termed Vu/turii,isprebable by thatof Plantws, = Lace parumper, jacit vulturios quatuor, * i] Te oy Plavt cuvcaleAE 2.80, ge5 Te cy But that the cockle-bones fhouldibe called Regu/z, I fome- 2 what doube, for no queftion but Regulus and Bafilicus in _ .. this place fignified one and the fame thing, the one bein; (+ the Latinesthe other the Greek wordnow Bafilions as all __ -prefently appeare, fignified che whole chance. Socontufed are the opinions of Authors herein, that to affigne the reafon for every chatincesname,or toreduceevery fain ace, & ininatcly, either to the Teffera,or the 7ai,! thinkitimpof- _ fible. Only fome may be thus reduced, and in generall we may conceive probably which.chaunces were fortunate, which unfortunate. The unfortunatechaunce in the Tass, was commonly called Canis, or (anicula,or Chins, Voge WSe ren ae Shite 2 enemee fortunate chaunce, Vesus or Ba hews.§ Lipfu ; f Bip : say takeththem both for one, andithatnot without ground , if wecompare Florace, and Plast ss; both of them treating of Bek. that old cnftome of throwing thefe cocklebones at their featts, for the choice of their AZodiperator, or mafter of the | feat, which .fhould :preferibe lawes for drinking to the a4 ‘whole company. - = |—- Venus arbitrium = Dicer Gskondi, — Saith: Horace, sea le ie Net aire oe My eS, +4 >comman | ittobe throwne, whenall fowre — red not onelike the other, butallwith - es, Venus confurgebat ex talis.quatuor iatkatis, gCxl.Rhod, tam onanes oftendifjent faciens: with whom accord. #°.20.687- Bo: oe bade SS * SEES ROS GAGS ut os : “ips cbus;Venus erat, chm nullus eodemvultn flabat s.cike e lercules wasalfo a lucky throw » but whether the as Venus, 1 have not yet learneds 5 dene Eee .. Thegames with the Tefere I make no queftion were _ diverfe:the ignoran€e of which,they being long finceoutof | fe, hath caufed much obfcurity inthis matter:onegame gs _ there may feemto havebeeninufe, wherethejultmumber _ of eight feemeth to have been the chiefe Caft,it was called es: a _ AStefichoriusiatius, or Stefichorins numerus, The reafon is i-Col.Rhods aI _ gendred by Rhodsginus becanfe Stefichorius histombe, ere- libk20.G27. a4 Gted at great chargesfor greater magnificence, Zxoffonts sonftabat omnibus, id eff, confilted of many eights;to wit,’ oe eight angles,ox corners;cight colwmnes,eight Pepsorgrieces, =~ Intheircommongame, themoft fortunate throwisthopght = =” tohavebeenthree sites; wecallit in Palsage, a Ropall i nae ‘Palse, whence it was commonly called Sexo. mew Quid dexter fenioferret Pas ee a _ Seire eratinvotis, damnofa canicula quantum see a . Raderet,angufte collonon fallier orce, Perf:Sat.3, )- Which one place of Perfius giveth light to this in three = things. Firit,that the winning caft wastermed Sesio,andif = ane Bafilicus aterm common both to dice & cockle- bones, as Vents is, we may fiftly render it, a Royall pafse; Secondly, the loofing caft, Cantor Canicula,in Englithha — Doagae-Chauuce. Thirdly the manner of their play, bothin 18 theit Dice,& Cocklebones,wasbycafting themnotimme- tou: = ie aes ae diately — t all. This caft was alfo called A4idas: for.as Rhodiginws {pea= 4... keth, Jn Teflerario lado Adidas jattus erat fortunati finns: Deptt. with whom accordeth kD emp/ter proving it out of Suidas antiq,Roml. .... Mid&s 6 by EU Batory ab Bsrsrams. 9 TTS Me gcap.t. Adidas in teffertsconfultor optimus.) © ok _ "Thisname fignifieth the beft chaunce,yet was not appropri- ated to the Zeffera,but fometimesalfo fignified the fortuna= teft chance ofthe 744 .Likewife from that of AZart: 1.73.2. | ay Senio nec nofirum cumeane quaffat chur ~~ | FBralm.adag: Itis noted by. Era/mus that as often as an Ace hapned to be. Chivsed Co- thrown together witha sice ; fo that Senid, and Canicula ums appeared together at one throw, it was aloofing caft:m- See toniws is cleare in the proofe hereof, if for Axt- we fabfiitute Et,whichunles we doe,it will bea matter of great difficul- Ae ty, tomakecongmuity of fenfe.His words are, Tales enim jas ae Cates ut quilg, € anem aut Senionem miferat $x fingulos valos, us fingulos denarios in medit conferebat, quos tollebat aniverfos + ts Fenerem jecerat-Taune aur into &,the {enfe isobvious. o: obvious.’ / who threw an Ace and @ice together, for every dye ed and layed totheftakea Dinere; which he tookup. and {wooped allcleane, whofe luck it was to'throw Vee nus, Euripides, as1 take it, was not achaunce, buta kind of game, muchrefembline that whichis in ufe withus,called _ sue ann thirty: The number of that game was fourty, and — _ > thegamecalled Euripides ,becanle’ Euripides was one of the Forty chiefe governoursin ethexs, when the thirty Ty- rants were depofed: Thereafon of my conje@ure is taken from" Rhodiginus whofe words are the fe? furipides. nume= 2 Cce\. Rhod.. ' rim continebat quadragenarivm, quoniam videtur unusfuif- lib.r0.c.17. feEuripides prafetterum quadraginta, poff triginta Tyran. nos Athenssexattos.Fromall we may note, thatthe Jattzs pron r Jattus plenus,chat is,the lacey calt, we may Eng- hth it Cake-all, was commonly called Sento; Venus, Cows: _ the jattws fupinus; or jattus inase-was likewifecommonly nowne by noother name then Canis, Canicula, or Chins, wemayEnglifh it Banke e ad Some have delivered their mind touchingthef€ plaies thus; 9 Barthol, that. the 7 2/i, or cockle- bones had but fowre faces or fides, bah aie and therefore yeilded fowre chaunces,and no more,the firft Amnandtinn is called: Canis, or (anicula, oranfwering toourGee:andit was the worft ofall: the oppofite unto it they terme Venus, or ( oezand is accounted the belt: A@ermla againft fenfe un. detftandeth rhe number of feven by it: it may ftand for our Site. Thethird bore the name of Chius, proportioned to _ rep withus:and the laft Sento, which is'as much as Qta- ¢te. For in thefe 7a: there is no chaunce of Dear. or - @inque. This opinion at firft I confeffe feemed planfible té me,buthow fully itdifcovereth the game, and how agree= able it-is to antiquity let others judge.“ T he chaunces of the- | dice,or cockle.bones,as they were termed lallus & Aiffus,. “Ta calts;fo alfo were they called P AZanves figuratively,as eve- |. \P Lan ry firoke inthe fencing ichoole, was termed AZéanus. The g Suet. Avg, firlt acception of AZanus., is proved. out of 4 Suetonius, 71. = Na ee P 3 . ( ayhere Ff Quinuhib.5. &c.Thefecond acception of AZanusis confirmed t — GAPa 14e tilian, whocalleth the fecond, third,and fourth fencing, fecundas, tertias, & quartas manus, Our Englifh — ot Or unlucky hand. Another game there wasoflike nature 4 played withtable-men: the word Latrunculys tranflated a Pe table-man,did properly fignify an hyred fouldier,fucha one asferved for pay;whence Latro,whofe diminutive Latrvn. — ee culysis, hath his denomination xa 1 aazeevey, a ferviende, > f Plast. mil, Tirthis fenfe the word isufed by *Plawtws; —— glor.AG.te = Namrex Seleutss me opere oravit maximo, . key 8. Or fbi latrones cogerem, & confcriberem. ant } >. Secondly, becaufe fouldiers are fo prone, and apt to commit - ~yobberies,hence Larro,and-Latrunculus, hath beenuledal- 3 foto fignify a theef or robber. And thirdly ina borrowed. , fenfe,thefe words are applied to fignify table-men or chefle ee men;becanfe this game hath the exprefle forme and repres ee {entation of a warre,or battle, fought between twoarmies: ———— eDonavin Enfomuch that * Pyrrbas King of Epire , being skilful in _‘Terent.Eun, plotting {tratagems, firlt taught his fonldiersthat artof pros ~ AG.4.Sc.7.ad jecting, by playes and reprefentations thereof in the table- illud;Idem nen, 4 Some are of opinion,’ that it was fir invented inthe hoc sam Pyt- Gege of Troy, by Palamedes, whothat he might keep his hus factitavi eee i ts kind Geaeamin fouldiers in better order.allowed them this kind of recreas - CMe % a s in voce tion,whence thefe chefl-menarefometimescalled palame. bie ‘aci calewlisthey were made fometimes of wax, fometime eebade diaci calewli:they were made fometimes of wax, fometimes _of gaffe, fometimes of other matter. The game feemeth to havebeen thevery fame with that which we cali chefse. 0. ther games there were of lefler note for recreatié, of which fort were principally thefe that follow: Perawram, Difcus, Pila,Trochus, Naces Méragv,from whence this latin word 3 gt | “8 Peraurews ‘4 ry! was | a: pe aine hee yor" ich active perfons would runne fwiftly, ody ugh which ave er intheir raning they wonld — tot “hy the hoop or wheelzto this purpofe Alex. Neop. a te Lah a Fy ae : cum per circulos quifpinm velosi cur{a tranf{velat,corpore ita 6%le3.28, ; -ibratosatcivculum non offendat.Such tumblersas were prae Oe ae _ Aizec d thiskind, of activity were thence called Petanriffa, . ha ae Difius, was around {tone in manner of abowle;fometimes == | a ae Jeof yton,er brafle, vi Ww hofoever conld caft ir fartheft gots. AX ath ‘ the victory: : the playérs thereat Were called ctcx066aes, from | os | Soxegand Cd, to dart,or ealt out any thing. Pilg, it gnifieth = a ees aball.and of it there were many, forts; 1 :-Harpaftum; which - ek We may Englith a root ball, > This ball being put down in g atexah A- Benita: » two companies of young men {trove wholex, ibid. | #hould ive is through the others goale.2/¥ Pila, which fig. “nified a diftin® kind of ball, fo called from the haire with © which it was ftufted. 317 Follis,a light kind of ball, fo called Dbecaufe it was ftyffed with abladderswith this old men,and | young pice played. 4/7 Paganica,this hadi itsname apas #8, from vi. lage and country-townes, where it was chiefly - in ufeit was tuffed with feathers:of; all thefe Mart.14, Ae . Hac qua difficiles tunget paganicapluma, : — ~~ Folle minis laxaes, G winit area pila. Rica teeye - -Fifdly Trigonglis, and thus I think both the Pila,&& the Fak ‘pee lis were called, i in.oppofition to the Raganioa: the reafonof the name is taken-from the form of thefenni is-courts, which ‘a _ becanfe they were three-{quare , in manner of a criangle, ies -*hence was the ball with wk ich. they playedin {ach CORItS 6 Coe, Rhod: ae termed Trigonalts, The players themfelves were re termed lib.2.cap. 1B - faltores; thote that did caft the ballinto the conre, wets gale 4 Turneb.adi, ded fi imply meg andl ¢ hence € datatigy ludere,is to play at ‘“ FEAT: Cote. nog, petaurs ludus adusirationts precipua, a Alex. me ee Eee es. eee mame ; wile, a : : Quatuer in wucibws non a e Yea, thefe nut-games children, that ftriplings growing into manseftat i uted children, untilf they forfooke thefe nut-fports; 27. ——s people; f Anton. onerefembled our ¢t ge andapit _ ‘Conftant.in ‘vel xavin; becaufe ‘ne coyne wh Ovid Faiths. into the ayre,bore ftamped on the one fi —s faces, onthe other fidea thip. | ees Py * 5 ‘ NA mages aa? ‘Mer, et 7 ee 4 Vas gt OTE ae St Soe plius aleatotaefty = a Car. 2 ame 3 JREPore we proceed untothe defcription of the Roman ~ BO tables,we will explain thofefive termes, Jentaculum, = _ Prandium, Merenda, Cana, G Commeffatic. Which five bie - ‘wordsdoe fignifie the five fev eral feedings each day, which _ children,old men, labourers,travellours, and {uch like, did. age i > ufually obferve; for others ofhealthier and ftronger confti- ncn ee tuition did commonly eat but one meale,at the moft but two id inthe day. Zextacu/um fignifieth their break-falt , andit had its name, likeas our Englifh word hath, 4 jejanio, from fa- fing: In former times it was ealled « f/acums from Sile, the name of a certaineheatb,with theroot whereof they were wonttofeafonthat wine whichtheyhadat breakfatt : for as> Plutarch{aith, their break-falt was nothing but a foppe g Plut.in gym, dipped in wine. In the fame place,he likewife faith, that in lib,8.q.6. old time they had no dinner,but that which wecall Prandie um,was the fame withthem as Jentaculum , and thus much the Greek word dexcoy fignifying a dinner, doth intimate, it being fo called, quafi atesov.from adesy,which fignifieth the - morning. The name Prandium, which we render a dinner, was {0 faid quafi 1a} %ydtoy , fignifying noone. tide, or mid- : day. The third time of taking meat , was called AZerendaz we may énglifh it our afternoones beaver:it was called alfo eAnteceninm , becaufe it was takenalitlebcforefupper. - ©Merendaecft cibus qui declinante die [umitur,quaft poft mez , Tuft.Lipf, ridiems edendus,G proxime cana;nnde & antecceninm aqui cent.1.ep.65. bufdam dicitur. The fourth time was their fuppér ; called | ~ a Rofin.antig @ lib.g.c.2750 00 =e Cocna,quaft xo), which fignifieth as much as Connon, 4gia d Plur.Gym, ae antiquitus (eorfim folebant prandere Romant ,cenarecuma-\ib8q.6. micuse T heir fiftand laft time of feeding, wascalledin Latin _ a. ae Comme(fatioby fome,by molt Come fatio,a comedlendo, ¢ To~° me Sith | | ae M, Oe eat) ae ca | ey ae anes hi ey aa a ae « ’ - Se anaes Triftinus {a yat itis abeaver taken ora night-drinking. But thechiefe fealt , foave entertainment,being their fupper, we w thefe three things therein. Firlt acewmbendi vel difcamb rattonems,that isthe manner oftheir lying atfupper(for they _ did neither ftand,nor fitattableyaswedoe: ) fecondly,the forme and fathion of their table; and laltly the parts oftheir _ fapper. The place where they fupped was conimonly called Cenaculum acena,as our dining chamber is fo called ‘from ne our Dinner, It was alfo called Tricliniam or Biclinium,, from zaizna bed: for fometimes there: were three beds,. fometimes but two about the table, upon which the euefts - - did fit,or rather lye along. In thisdining parlour was placed a table, fometimes made quite round, and for the common fort of people it was made of ordinary wood, ftanding upon three feet; but tor men of better ranke,it was madeofbet- . ter timber, inlaid fometimes with wood ofdivers colours, fometimes with filver,and it {tood upon one whole intire foot,made of Ivory,in the forme ofa great lyon,or Leopard &c. Vnto the meaner fortof thefe tables Horace allndeth; a Moda fit mihi menfa tripes.. Hor Ser.13, Wntothe other, /¢venal,Sat. 11,verf.1226 * ; _. ——patere videntur — Vuguentaatg, Rofe,latos nifi{uftinet orbes Grande ebur,c» magno fublinus pardus hiatu, Sometimes thistablewas made in the forme of an halfe moone,the one part thereof being cut in with an arch or fe- micirele,and then it was called Ségma,becanfe it did much. refemblethe letter Sigma, 8 which as it appeareth by cer- tain matble monuments, was in old time made like a Ry« man C.Hence is that of Afartial 16,14.8-7. vale. etceipe lunatafcriptum teftudsne Sigma, a2 Ifany man fhoulddemand the reafon, why they cut their _table in.that forme,I mu confeffe i have not read any reas. foninany author bearing thew of probability. My con- -pecture voidfromeguefis Re: ., TE Ee eee ee gas os A Convenient roome to attend: ie ‘obable unto mee, that this lade e waiters.I acknowledge that it felfe: fo Calins. By Lipfus fince it hath been thought a certain place,ereCted in the manner of a hemicycle,or hal fe moone,againtt which they did place one continued bed, a- - ble to take fix or feven guefts.But Brodeus and Ditmarus,in my opinion,have more truly.taken it for the tableit-felfe. = = * _ About the table that was perfectly round, were placed threebeds, coyered with tapeftrie, orfomeotherkindof =< _ covering,according to the wealth and ability of the-perfone. and thus - Sse ake Strato difcumbitur oftro ; thebeds bing ready furnifhed , the guefts lay downein Action us aE ea a : teks GET manner as followeth. Each bed contained three perfons, rribus aut v0. fometimes foure, feldome or never more, except at their vé mifventur - great and more folemne feafts.Ifone only lay upon the bed, «this pocula then he refted the upper part of his body upon his left el- ee bow the lower part lying at length upon the bed: bucif [aw amat manylayuponone bed, then the uppermoft did lie at the sos tercyarhos beds head, laying his feet behind the fecond his back;the fe- atronitu perce cond refted his head in the othersbofome, having a cufhion /4es: tres put between, laying his feet behind the third’s back; in like 2702#¢t /upra hem : ie ah pie ixarum me- manner the third & fourth didlie. The number of the gnefts ».1., ‘abet was not gteat.feldome times exceeding nine: whence 4. Gratis Nudis Gellius ® faith , that the number of the guefts fhould begin iuada /orori- with the Graces,and end with the 4Zx/es,that is,they muft bus. Hor.carm. 4 sf L.2.Od.19. not be fewer then three,nor more then nine. Thisalfo hath j aaa beenthe reafon of that adage, Septem convivinm nove Con- dicr lsc, 224. > a . - ‘Sa ae , 2 Q.2 Ustitens bA.Gel.no&, taperes, T'er=- “ 5 conyvi.l.4.c, 2, #Terent.in Heautont, § 1.27.¢,26. pe 6@ Plin, 16, SC ANARRRES Fe to -— pStuekius de ted with the number of eight © whence t per otto calvos otto lufcos,otto podagrofos, otto ar rancos,otto infigniter nigros.otte infigniter longos , of; pingnes,& off0 nafutos,delectarus iho Graco proverbio, ax7d. thole that were not invited,burcameoftheirown accord untoa feaft without bidding, by Plamtus theyare galled A4u/ce,flyes; by othersthey are called Ombre, {has dowes.Henceis that of Horace, ) Se elie —~ Locus eft & pluribus umbris. neat The party which invited the guefts,fometimes exprefled his earneltneffe by pulling and hailing one by the cloake whence Stuckius obferveth, that when they would fhew how earneftly they were invited,they would fay, Penulams mihi {cidit; he tore my cloak off my flhoulder. Againe on the other fide,when they would thew,how ealily the gueft was intreated,they would fay, [Hiss ego vix tetigs penulam,tamen remanjit Before the guefts fate downe , their fhooes were ufually pluckt off,that they might not foule the beddes on whichthey,diddye!;: - = 3) ao Bee eAccurrunt fervi, foleas detrabunt, Video alios feftinare lectos flernere,ctendm parare, a mCosl.Rhod, ™ They likewife did gird their heads with fillets and haire- laces,as often as they intended to drink more then ordina- ry thereby to prevent the vapours,which otherwife would ~ annoy the head:for which reafon , they didlikewife = ufe garlands of yvie,and mirtle-tree, & rofes, thecooleneffe of which comforted the braine. Thefe garlands were alfo Symbolum plene iibcrtat#,a tokenof their full liberty. The ccrver in thele-teatts Was called (rom Anmaenaecha fetting and ordering the difhes upon the table, Stor; & from his artificiall carving and cutting up of the difhe,(arptor. Try- pherz:,asappeareth by Javen. Satyr. 11, was famous for his skill in carving : he did fetup a {choole , teaching {uch as came unto him by rules & precepts;& alfo fhewing the the PAGHNCE iat sh Of the Roman feafting. ay manner of catving: which that he might the better doe, hee farnifheda table with feverall difhes ofmeat, formedand - fafhioned in wood withadull knife , fhewing his {Chollers _ after what manner, and with what gefture of their body, ~ they fhould cut up this or that difh. This fupper,becaufe of ' the wooden difhes of meat, was called Cana ulmea. They o Stiick. de divided their fupper ufually into three parts, which they conv.!.3.¢.3, termed their firlt, fecond,& third courfe. In the firlt courge commonly was ferved mulberries,lettices, fanfages, and al- waies eggeszas likewife in thelalt courfe ( whether the fe- cond,or third )wereferved nuts, figs, grapes, butalwaies apples:? whence we fay proverbially, 42 ove ad mala,from p Panciroll. the beginning of the feat t ft the end;orfimply, from tk e bee lib. rer.deper= pinning of any thing to the end thereof. The middle courfe “it-cap.de cibi _ ‘wasthe maine fapper,and the chiefe dith thereof was cal-¢'? cna) led Capur cana: In Lipfius his phrale , itis called 4 Fandiss 4 ccuet lib.2, & fundamentum cena. Their firlt mefle they called the pro- de convive emiums the laft, the epilogue; which becaute it confifted fo much of {weet and delicious meats ; hence did they apply cunda cogitationes (unt fapientiores. If the table were well farnifhed with plentie and variety of difhes , it was called Cenaretta,or canadubia: Retta in this place fignificth as much as vera: thusdps¢s among the Gracians, fometimes fignifieth versus c fiacerus. The phrafe intimateth , chat ic 7 Turneb adv. was atrue fupper:, oppofed to thatdole of meat diftribute by Princes tothe people , which from the panier or basker in which it was brought, wascalled fportula: {ometimes they diltributed mony inftead of meat : this alfo was named Sportula; {othat Sortz/a denoted any kind of dole either of © meatotmony, which as oftenasit was given in lew ofa fupper, it was cppofed to cena rela, Yea fometimes by fportula we may underftand alight and {hort fupper, Promiffa eft nobis Shortula,retta data. Martial, The reafon why a great fealt fhould be termed cana dubia, Q3 8 mT ; ¥ ‘jer ; 4 e that unto the fecond courfe,ai ndrtegt oconttdes cupdreccd, Sex A page rh | ‘ [Sad d lib, 5.cap. Bo., & SSS Se esesetmiasenosscerseges occ Nee Beets es ean Ree ED ee 36 SECT. Ie Ofthe Roman Affemblies, rat DeComitiis, It HE R-U NT othave wee infifted upon the defcription of the molt remarkable parts ofthe Romancitie, together withthe feverall diviftons of the Ronau people, as alfo the ZN Romanreligion; where wee . fli have feen the generall divifi- ons of theirGods, and their fae ate | ctifices, with their ceremonies: thereunto Soden likewife of the Roman games both greater and leffe. Now are wé to proceed to that part of go- vernment,which is politicall or civills where we will firt fpeak of their aflemblics,called Comitia,then of their civill Magiltrates,afterwards of theit punifhments , and laftly of fo many of their civilllawes asl have obferved needfall for the underftanding of [wy , and that principally in his. Oritions. For the more eafie conceiving ofall which I have prefixed one Chapter of the Roman yeare, treating there,of the (alends,Ides, and Nones, the knowledge of which ts. needfull for that which followeth. = ¢ 4 > SS = ) i S = Z J, © I f, . yy C= Hy, Ea } u 6 ei 0 ONS Df | o) f 2) \ \\ f : oy Ca Be a Fs Be ain ‘te ge De Anno & partibus juss ‘oe ‘B Nafmuchas there cannot bea full knowledge ofthe Res man affemblies,without fome generall beers 18 . Be the Roman yeare,and the generall diftin@tionsof the Roman — ; ~ _-_ daies,it cannot be but worth our labour in this fhort chap-= a. ter briefly toconfider what may be fpoken therein. This | word Annus, isfocalled guafi Annulus , becaufe (as the ‘Greek word ’Evicuilds Geniheeh 4p dau Ted eenyid eft, in fe cone wertitur annus: which was the reafon , why the Egyptians in their myfticall cyphers ( called litera bieroglyphice) did = : ufe the picture of a ferpent, having his taile in his mouth , to. a \ fignifiean yeare. The time or {pace of this yeare hathbeen ss gVid Plin,1. diverfe,according to the diverlitic of nations. * Some al- . a.¢ap.48. lowednomore daies to an yeare, then we doe toa moneth: aoe * - ~whence that monethly fpace which the Latinesealled Paulus Mar. Afenfis from > uava,fignifying the Moone, they called An- in Ovid.Faft. nae Lunarem. Some allowed foure moneths , fome fix bb.t. “ — moneths,fome ten. And thus Romsulas meafured Hisyeare, - counting the moneths either from the number of our fin gers,or from the time that a woman goeth withchild , or from thetime thata widdow commonly mourned for her ms husbands death,or Jaftly from the multiplication of unities, . which ina fimple number doth not exceed ten. oat Quod fatis eff utero matris dums prodeat infans, oe. Hoc anno flatnit temporis effefatis. i” a Per totidem menfes a funere conjugisuxor a § Suftinet invidua triftia ficnadomo, Ovid.Faft lib.1: | eAnnus erat decimumcum Luna receperat orbem, : Hic numerus magnotunc in honore fuits i. Sen quia tot digits per quos numerare folemus, } Sen quia bis quino feminamenf{e parit, a . ny 0 = * 4 fometimes the fame me nth would happenin the fummer, ort. proQ. - e - “ fometimesinthe winter, thereupon after long ftudy & ma- Ligt4o. ny infiructions from the Grecians, finding the reafon of this A ll - - confufedneffe,he added.unto Romulus his yeare fifty dayes, = g ; a “fo that the whole yeare afterward was divided intotwelve _ «months;becaufe the moone had finifhed her courfetwelve =” times inthatfpace; beginning theit yearethenat Tanuarys - __becaufethen in his judgement wasthefittdttimetobegn © the yeare,when the Sun being fartheft from us, did beginne gone | Pp wee tesconrls, and to come untousagaine; whichisa- 7% bout Ianuary, the Sunne being about the Tropick of Capris | | ~ Cotne. Afterward upona fuperftitious conceit of theodde ; number, Wma added one day more unto January, fo that > whereasat the ficlt Nwma his yeare didagree with the Gre- . : cian yeare, both of them containing three hundred fifty eg ae fowre dayes,now the Romaz year contained three hundred ‘ fifty five daies , which computation falling outtoofhortfor ~ ts the true yeare by the {pace often daies,and fix houresyear-. _ ae __ Iy, it occafioned every eight yeare in the interpofition of = 1 » 3.whole months,;which they called theitleap-yeare:4 This 2G, Merula _ confinfednes afterward fulius Ce/ar by long Rudy remedi-in ovat. pro : ed,adding thé'odd ten daicsunto Wamnea Pompilins his year, 2Ligato, And left the odde fix houres might at la{t breed diforder in’ ae their computaticn,he appointed thatevery fourthyearone whole day fhould beinferted,next after the three&twen- tieth of February, webin ferting they called Juterealatio fr6, _ an old yerb Jutercalo, & that day they-called Zutervalarem: ql : ch Witte a Moe a DY» & % ee @ G,Mervla Fabaebpowes alwaies the fixt of the * ue therefore becaufe of the interpofition o of t | oe oy the leap-year 4enum biffextilem, that is,the in the ¢ falled out two dayes which they called’ Sext: (ales rt. An theday thus interpofed ‘was called dies Ss biffexs — eo tus. This computation, which felis Ce/ar found ;we ay have embraced,and:doe at this day follow, called our yeare: | Anum Iulianum,fand Annum magnum, having relation to ve the monthly year.called Annus Lanarisand fometimes this ~ Vas 1,3. Seat year is called Annus vertens, a vertendo, becanfe iti ies rn. Pra’ - " alwaies turning, and running on. t Moreover we muft rent ta “member that the Romans did begin their yeare at March; : whence that moneth,which fince hath bin called Zu/ivs,in ~ : the honour of Palins (afar, was by them called Qyintilis, 9 becaufe it was the fift month: and that month, which fince ~ “hath been called Auguftus, in the remembrance of 4ugz. ffus Cafar,was by them called Sextils,becaufe it was sie 5 i 4 -. fixtmonth. Thus then the great year g being divid into : b “twelve months,every month was died ed into three parts, . a id eff, Calendar, Nonas,and Idus. The Kalends were fo pros, 2 Buck Odav. per unto the PR oidans that ducuftus Cafar, when he pur- - Ae cap.87- poled never to doe what he was requefted, was wontby way of proverb to fay, thathe would doe it Ad Caen | Gracas,that is to fay in our Englifh proverb, et latter ante a jas, never.For the better underftanding of w ich st fhallin= art, fert threecommon verfes. Principiam menfis noftri dixtre (. sleds: ™ ; | Sex Atajus Nonas, Osteber, Iulins,o Alars, ) | DQuatu or at reliqui: tenet Idus nui otto, FRofin. afit. _ Rom. as, 4. ee ) Thatisy the firt day of every monthis called the Kalends of . ~ that month. The 2. 3+4.5.6.and 7, of thefe fowre months, ee May, Odtober, Iuly, and March, were calledthe Nones of 8 othar months burn allthe other months the Nones-contai- — a nl but the 243.4 and 5, one fo that ee day (tor example a ; BS ia git s. ee : | ' eee s 7s me | 6 x é es. 3 - Pj BI Sh i Sees futile ee called Zdus Maij, Idus Oftob: Idus— Tnall the other months, the 13‘' day _ 46S LYharty.. | a Meee, January, the thirteenth day oe _ -wascalled Idus Panuar:thetwelfth Pridie Iduume,vel Idus 0 % Da nuar: the eleventh tertioldnum,or Idas Tanz the tenth = is _._guarto lduum,vel Idus Ian:the ninth 5° Za: fanz the eight. 4 Lape ola: fan:the feaventh 7° IJd:7an: the fixt 8° Id: Pan: Afier oe » the Ides then followed the Kalends ofthe next month. Ra io ey the fourteenth of Ianuary was decimo nono Calendarum, ot (alendas Februar:the fitteenth decime offave Catlend.Febr: the fixteenth decimso [eptimo (al:Feb: ec. Where we mu __ Sees note thatas oftenas weule Pridie, rertio, quarto, or any of Pe _thofe numerals with an accufative cafe, as Pridie Calendas, ig ” ge the Grammarians fay that this prepofitionefuteisee _ clipfed:Again every month had im itscompafle three great _ markets, which becanfe they were obferved every ninth =. _ day were called Nendina,and the latter of thembeingthe _ “greatelt is called by Athenans opim zxxaucia, which we may i render Zrinnndinum, or Trinum nundinum. It followeth now that I fhould treat ofthe dayes, which arethelefler parts of the yeare: where before we proceed, we will con fider the parts which the Romaws divided their dayinto,. = | | NE ie PS we : THES , dee pe: Dy ~~ ‘: oa ie 9 t cB ; ‘i ‘ SS By if - e> ea , “i wee ‘ x % : . Fea @ 2 aS 4 see Swe rg Bay, pe ra eg partes. | aS a pers ye Alerus dies .Perfe& day,’ noone, pA s ha oo) Dies Civils iss \ + e Bk ‘ dy ee | ip Alex, Gen. Uber, Cap. 12. | av Luce eje ; a mst 2 Baril seis ; Merides, Mid- $ De Meridie, After noone. n mp | Solts occafas. Sunne fetting, - a Beant e fig: [Pie The duske of thee evening, Prima fax. 1 oe The night. sei a. qe pinm.Bed-time. =) ter mop: The firft fleep. ediam noctem. Towards mid- night ia nox, Mid-night. e media notte. A little after mid-night: | Galicinium .Cock-crowing. He anticiniam. All the time from cock. crowing to the break of day. | The day and sel againe were each of them divided inte primam.f eoundam,tertiam,c& quarta 4 vigiliam,every watch - ‘containing three houres. The firft of the night began at fix of the clock in the evening, andthe fourth ended at fix of the clock in the morning, Thefe watches were ‘diftingui- fhed by feverall notes and founds of Cornets, or Trumpets, that by the diftinction and diverfity thereof, it might eafily be knowne what watch was founded. Moreever we mult underftand that the Romans,upona fuperttitious conceit and obfervation of misfortunes, and evill events falling ont on dome dayes; and more happy fucceffe upon others, have cal- Jed the former fort of dayes Atros dies, ox dies poftridnanos, ch cE gyptiacostdmpedea Graci nuncupans,perinde Ach i nefan- dos dicas. The reafon why they were called Poftriduans was. AAS they thought Dses PoftridieCalendas, Nonas, G In aid eff, The next day after the Calends, Nones,or Ides, of to bes nior reunate,& the latter fort they called . os + ares N octems Lcmins par- tes {uit i i b ; Candle-tinding. _ ee ca - y : a i § Adag.unione pai diy oeMatC. ee f ip Creff pulcbradies nota, ortunate and unlucky dayes,were < Character, accordingtothat, 35 t af af ha [a no: o Dther-fome, as their u noted witha cole or blac oe & é _. sen Nigrovarbone notatus, __ . Againe their Kalender diftinguifhed fome dayes for Holy- - pom & ae __. dayes, which they called Dies feftos, feftivall daies, or ai co a Feriatos,e Ferias,Holy-daies,' becaufe they didupon fuch jAfcepfusin daies ‘ersre vittimas,va eft offer up facrifices. Others were epift.3, illu. Baie pet wrenkive dates which they called FesePiy." Wein Oe — guafi procul afeftis, The third diftin@tion was of halfe holy- 4 ug dayes,which ab interctdendo they called Dies sntercifos,as it se » were daiescutafunder- the one part of them being allotted -,, for worldly buifinefle,the other for holy and religious exér- é cifes. * The feria were either private,and fo they belonged # Rofiaant, » | fomietime to whole faimilies, as Fawsilia ( landie,emilia, tha. capg. _ ‘Thiia, Ge fometimes to private perfons, aseveryonehigs = ~~ __ birth-day, particular expiations,&c.or elfe they were Pvbli- ~_ cefuchas the whole common-wealth did obferve:and they were of twe forts,the one called Auniver[arie, which were alwaies tobe kept onacertaine day’, | and thereupon they Pies Pi NEN were called feria ffative; the other conceptive, which were arbitrary, and folemnized upon fuch daies as the Magiftrates _ and Priefts thought moft expedient,whereof the Latine Fe. _ ria were chiefe: which Latine ferie were kept on mount ‘Albane to /upiter Latian, for the prefervation of all the La- » tine people in league and confederacy with the Remans, : -andwerefolemnized inmemoryofthetruce betweenthofe | m twonations. Thofe Ferie which were called Zmperativa, — : and ™ Indiftive, (becaufe the Con/ul,Prator, or chief Ponti- ,, Alex. Gen, fy,according to their pleafure smperabant,e& indicebant has, dier\.6.c7, j dd eff,commanded then; ) may in my opinion be contained wServ. ines undepthe number of Feria couceptive, inrefpect of the un- is lib. tts. eae Sa crear \ the Roman Kalender, to have been i or leet-dayes;éx parte Faftos, halfe court-da - _Non-leet-dayes; though this word Nefaftes be oCarminum pounded unlucky,as in that of ° Herace touching | ee - 2,Ode 13. Le & nefafto te pofuir die,that is, he planted thee in an une Bo AS happy time. Thefe dayes were called 4 fando, fromfpea- i “@ ese King; becaufe upon thofe dayes wh were Fasti, the Pretor — sor E.chiefe Inftice might lawfully keep court & adminifter ’ ~ jaftice, which was not done without the {peaking ofthefe p Jorch.Ca- three words, Do, Dico,and Addico,? Dabat altionem: Dice~ : bead "omerar, pro bat juss Addicebat tamresquam homines. WW here by the way — Flacco, = we mutt note, that fometimes thefe court-dayes were alfo ae qBerfman.in oalied dies Pe eaahin es, becaufe that 4 upon every fuch day : -—s-Rom. Calen, Which was noted in the Kalender for a comitiall day, if the | ad finem,Oy. Publique aflemblies were not held . it was mie keep ee Balt,e court: whence not only comitialss dies doth fignify alaw- : day,but comitialis homo alfo doth fignify a wrangler in the - law, or a litigious erfon. os Sila a ea ; M ~~ = WER ss + = 4 » Mie te -# _ 2 " a Bae Le : es Se Re bee i ; : \ ‘ e C A PP. Qe 7 . © ee & * Hs s ait > i De Comitits idg, Calatis pracipue, de Rogationibus, | Ce antiqua [cribendirationg. ~— BY affembly ofall the Romas people being called to- ~ Acgether by alawfull Magiftrate to determine any matter by way of giving voyces, is 4 coexnds termed’ omitia fim- oly, without theadjection of’any other word; or (omitia © ~ calata, that is affemblies called together, from raz or the cbfolete Latine verbe Ca/o, which fignifieth to call:thongh _ an __ afterward thofe affemblies onely, which were held either : __ for the inauguring of fome en Angur {ome Fla- --gnen, or him that was called Rex facrorum,or for themaking of their willsand teftaments, were valled (alata Comitia, 0 Sa ee Meroe v my Toan.Tiiftie usin orat, > au eth three other kindsofaffemblies:forcitherthepeopledid __ affemble themfelves by parifhes, called Carte; or byhun- _ dreds, called Centurée; or by wards, called Tribvs.Thefirlt = = _. fort ofaftemblies they called comitia Curiatathefecondcos i _ mitia Centuriata, the laft comitia Tributa. > Where by the y Sigon.deju- Way we mult note, that that thing which was determined te RomJliba, - _ by the major part in any parifh,hundred,or ward,was faid to “4p. 17+ be determined by that whole parifh, hundred, or wardt:and AT that which wasdetermined by the major part of parifhes, = hundreds,or wards,was {aid tobeapproved comitis Curiae’ 413, Centuriats,vel Tributw.Secondly we mutt note,thatnei- ther children untill they were feventeen yearesold,norold _ men after the fixtieth year of theirage, were allowed to fuf- frage in thefe aflemblies, whence rofe thatadage, Sexagenae ie | vii de ponte dejiciendi,< & old men werehence called Depon cpars purar We tani,for the explication of which fee before. Here before we ur ferrent ju- ' fpeak of thofe three feverall kindes ofaffemblies , we will veres fufrs- confider the manner of their proceedings in propounding B50 lisFows cafes unto the affemblies.4 T he cuftome wasat firft,that the ,, pe 2 ee a Romans fhould beltow their fuftrages Viva voce, butafter= ines OuFae ward that every one might with freer liberty give his voice, ¢ Philip. Be- they commanded certain woodé tables, wherein thenames '04!dus in o« of thofe that ftood for offices were written, to be carried a- '*:PAYst3. bout, every {uffrager receiving fo many tablesas therewere. _ fuitors,then did the people give back thattable withwhom _ they would fuffrage. But ifa law were to be enated,then e- - very fafftager received twotables,in the one of whichwere written thefetwo great letters V.R.in the other was wric- tena great Roman A.Thofe who delivered thefe tables un fe ere SOF 3 4 Cape 2 ° ~ Cape LI. -— did approve the law did caft in the firft table; thofe thas _ ~ ePlinJib.33. ; tion of this Agyptian paper, Pro/oe eg Plin lib,i3: {trained the common making ther T the: ftand at the lower end of thofe bridges were erected up for the faffragers to afcend unto the : whence they were called 4 diribendo, id ef, ftom diftribut- ing Diribitores At the other end of thebridges were placed certain chelts or litle coffers, into w°4 the fuffragers svhich ress \ difliked it,did caft in the fecond, for by thofetwolettersV. R.which were written in the firlt,is meant Utsrogas.i.Be | itas thou haftasked, this word fiat being underftood.ByA. ~ in the fecond table was meant Antiquo,id eff,1 forbid it.the word, fignifyingas muchas antiquam volo, I like the old law, I love no innovations. The tables being thus caftinto the chefts certain men appointed for that purpofe inmannet of Scrutators (théy calledthem Czffodes, and fometimes — ¢ Nongenti did take the tables out of the chelts,and fo num- ber the voyces by making fo many points or pricks ina void table, as they found tables alike: which kind of accounting _ occafioned thefe and the like phrafes; Suffragiorum puntta — non tulit feprem,and Omne tulit puntlam; where punttum is ufed for /uffragium;the voices being thus numbred , ir was pronounced by the common cryer what was decreed. Bee canfe the ufe of thofe tables is now growne quite out ofufe, T fhall make bold to infert that, which with much labour L have collected out of feverall authors touching thefe tables. It is certaine that a long time the ufe of paper was not | known,whence men were wont to write fometimes upon the inward rindes of trees,called in Latine Libré (fo that to this day wee call our bookes Libre, becaufe inold time they were made of thofe rindes of trees, ) fometimes — they did write in great leaves made of that rufh Papi. rus, growing in Agypt, from which wee have deri- _ ved our Englith werd Paper and the Latin word Papirms, . now fignifying our writing papergShortly after the inven» 7 rs theKing of Mgyptres 3 of, becanfe of the great ~ emulation between him and Exmenes King of Pergamus pe. Se CONCCIs * ] & . wax wherewith thefe tables were covered, cera is often u- fed in the fame fenfe.as Haredes prime cere id cf, prima ta- - bale, & in primo grads inftituti,oy which words I think are _ wunderltood fuch heires as ¢ Alexander callethHaredes ex to» ¢ Alex,Gen._ to affe,thatis,heires to the main inheritance, oppofing them 4i*"-}. 1.5. ° to thofe which didreceive o acies, whom he calleth t there Haredes inimacera ,fecundos haredes , G legatarias. 4.Sy/vius notupon improbable grounds doth think, that dFr.Sylviys Tuy dothunderftand by Heredes fecandi , fuchhetresag pto Clusntie. were neminvated to fucced the chiefe heire or heiresifthey \ died. They wrot their accounts in tables,hence tabule acces a pti expenfi,Ggnifying reckning books. ahefe countbooks 7... ; Gig were of two forts,fome monethly without order or me-¢ Col: Rhod; \ thodealled Adverfaria; Quod adversa parte etiam fcriptis lib.12,c.21. implerentur. Others perpetuall , being the tranfcriptof the dy former,called Tabula accepti & expenfi. They wrote their : fRtatutes alfoin T ables,whence Tabule publica, are englifh- - ed ftatute books,or rather beoks of record. Thofe writings ot iaftruments which the Senate or Emperour caufedrobe hanged up in the market place, to releafe & difcharge any banckrupt fro paying his debts, they termed tabulas novas, rE. syivin & Q we may englith them letters of protection. They wrote orat.Catilin, their inventories of goods fet at falein tables, calling them | CO, tabula auttionarin ery yea they indited their epitles & com- | fon letters in rables;infomuch that rabelle are expounded miffive letters, and rabellarins which properly fignifieth a carrict of tables,is ncwufed to fignifie aletter carrier; yet @ : BE ORE che Ga . S ty Oe es ¥ Hcy APNE a - age er yoce Capetk. RF r.Sylv. in @rat.Catil, 3. - gSnidasin the ught alfo in plat And thus we may under! m Cic 4 im Verrem. in * m@ P.Pellitar, i. ancorat-pro.A.* 7) Copcinaa. o Vid, Erafm, Adaz. 4 p Herman. oy Hugude pri- . ma {crib,orig as se ae 4 g Cic,orat, a scont,Catl, \ We muft note withal that they wrote not with ink or quil, but with an initramentoftteele, or yron,having °a {harp point atthe one end,and being broad, yet keen & well ed- ged at the other, with the fharp point they did write what they pleafed, with the broad end they did ferape out what they had written: Whence Sty/wm invertere isto fay & un- fay athing.toturne his punch the wrong end downward,as ic were to fcrape out that which one had formerly written. The Romans did afterward ufe_infteed thereof,.an inftru- _ nent made of bone, prohibiting the ufe of yron ones, as. P fe fader noteth by that law, Ceram ferro ne ceedito-And as we ufe this word AZanus tofignifythe writing it felfe , accor- dingto that_of 4 Tully , coguovit manuin,c figuam/num: i ‘ De bo ‘ion, epiltle, or fuch likesia thit, asthe antitheton to g/adsis,in hatipeech of his,Cedat forum caftris , otium militia , Pyles gladio,thoughinanother placeheufeth ittofignifie,ifnota dword,yeta pocket dagger, as Et/i meus tlle frylus fouffet fin [ Cics ovat, which place Sey/us doth fignify as much as pugio. And here f° "0 __-feeing we are falleninto the manner and cuftome of anci- in orat,Phil.z ent writing, it will not be amiffe to note that ufitally at the end of their books theyprinted a litle mark, which they ter- med Coronis. Thofe that interpret Ariftophanes defcribe ee _that marke thus, faying thatit ist Lines brevis ab inferiore 041 pho, parte flexa, Allagrec in this,that it was fome commonand 15. cap.20, known dath,ufually fubjoyned to the end of books: * others a Turn. adv, are of opinion that the ancient Romans did in like manner 1.22.cap.x0, _adorne the frontifpice,or beginning of their books, with the | picture ofan half Moon, whichobfervation giveth light not _ only te thatadage.%mo $ apy usnel sis noporiA@- . fromthe _ ‘beginning totheending. Butalfo that of A¢artial.lid, 10, Si nimius videor,ferag, coronide longus Effe liber ,legito pauca,lsbellus ero, ai ae And of Ovid, | ne Candida nec nigra cornnafronte geras, oe For in Trnebus his jadgement thofe half moones prefixed, _-werecalled (ornaa. Howfoever this may be true touching . thedafh,or character at the end ofa booke , and thatit was termed (orenis: yet I doubt whether any fuch halfe moone was ufitally prefixed in the beginning of books, or whether {uch an halfe moone were denoted by the Latin-word Cor | ##; more probable is his opinion, * who treating of this ve~ * Py:. hierog, ry matter, faith,that in old timea whole book was writte in 1b. 34: ‘One continued page,neither did they the cut their books in- | to many leaves, & bind them up inthat manner as we doe; ut that one entire page in which alone thewhole book was | bt 2 4 Wweitten t ny Ww ed: - theend thereof , in manner as many la » daies with us.Hence parent that wecall our volumiva,Volumesihis ftaffeon which the book is 1 was called Vmsbilices ; the fame word fignifieth a. ee. 2 pWhich becaufe itis the middle part,&asit werethecentre : : of amans i) ee Ee a a the word to ee fignify the middle of any thing; and happily that name was’ BA as faa, this fate besa iedatne book.was roledup, A the f{taffe was the middle thereofthowfoever becanfeit was ~ faftned alwaiesat the end of the page,hence Vebilicus, ef peciallywhé it is applied to a book, fignifieth the end there- i. of:as Horace, Ad umbilicum ducere, to bring toanend. The ae: two pummels,or ends of this {taffe, which did jut out& ap-: an pear on each fide of the volume, they called (arwua,& they vee were war to - ba ee ot gold, or Pi hi de dorned. The title which was the beginning of every beok was termed frous.Thisfeemeth race ICEaGLC Rg hat of Turncbes,and giveth greater light to that of Ovid, E | ‘Ss Candida nec nigra cornna fronte geras. oie a ot Now that we may proceed to the matter whence wehave digrefled, itremaineth that we fhould declare the manner ~ | how they enacted their laws. Allthe Romans,though free _ A ah Citizens had not pawer & authority of preferring the law, but only eight of their Magiftrats, which theycalled A723. fratus Majeres : namely the Pretor, the Coufuls,the Dé Gator,the Interrex, the Decemviri, the military Tribunes, the Kixgs,and thofe Triamviri: unto thefe eight was added - one of thofe whom. they entitled Aagiffratus minores, namely. the Tribunus plebes, Vf any of thefe Magiftrates thought it fit to prefer a law,then did he firft write iedown at home,and confult with fome lawyer, whetherornoit _ might be for the good of the Commonwealth, whetherit fhould not weaken si former law, or whether it wag not formerly included infome other law, &c. Thefe and many ey aes oe other t _others that difliked it,would by Orations diffwade the peo. ple,fhewing the inconveniency thereof. After the Orations had been ended,anurne or pitcher was broughtunto certain Priefts there prefent,into which were caft the names of the __ Tribes,if the ( omitia were Tribura:or of the Centuries, if they were cexturiata;of the parifhes, ifcariata: then/orts: bus aguatts, that is, the lotsbeing fhaken together, they drew their lots;& that Tribe or Century whofe name was firtdrawn , wascalled Tribus , vel centuriaprerogativa,a _prarogando,becaufe they were firft asked their voices. Zar- nebus interpreting that of Tally, ALaiores voluerunt praro. Ativam omen effeinftorum comitiorum, interpretsit ; That the Romans did fo depend penta prerogative aig ke Wes eipeit 3. . that: she IA LG : ' ; ’ Sir aasutnt Re Pm $0.23. . thay st — gRofinant the Gr(t]. was called 4 Princtpinm,b : BD.C.cap. 7+ did Sirft {uffrage:thofe Tribesupon whom the other | | ~ namely the fecond,third,fourth,&c. were termed Tribus /-@ Fare vocate.From this diftinction it is,that fach amaashath — the voices of the prerogative Tribe ,or Century, isfaidto — ier, : ys wCic.pro have tOmen prerogativum: which good fortune whofoever Murer, could attain unto, was in greathope of obtaining theother voices ofthe Jure vocata , fer they never, or very feldome 4 wouldfwerve fromthe determination of the prerogative _._ Tribe,or Century.Whiles the people were bufie in their fHuber.in lottery, inthe meantime ifany ‘Tribuneofthe Commons : a “P* ‘would iutercedere, that is, forbid the proceeding, hemight _ be heard,and the wholeaffembly thereupon fhould be dif. miffed, likewife they.were difmifled if either he whichfirt — promulged the law did alter his opinion , or if the Cou/ull commanded fupplicatiens to be offered up in the behalfe of their Emperour,or any of thofe holy-daies called Ferie La- tine wel Imperatorie tobe obferved upon that day; er ifany ofthe people affembled were taken with the falling ficknes #Fuchfi inft. (by reafon whereof that difeafe is called bythe *Phyfitians - _ medicinl.3. atthisday ALorbus comitialss, ) Laftly, the affemblies were feG.t, —_diffolved by reaton of the foothfayings, which kinde of dife folution was caufed either by the civill Magiftrate his cb- ? ferving of fignesand tokens in the heaven,and that was cal- tae led Spettio,and fometimes de caelo obfervario; the very act | of this obfervation , though no unlucky token did appeare, diffolved the affemblyor elfe it wascaufedby the Axgures, ; and civill Magiltrace promifcuoufly , whentoever any civill oan | token was feenor heard, either by the Magiltrate,or Augure : . (amongtt which thunder was alwaies counted the unlucki- eft; ) at which time the affemblies were in like manner to «ES be diffolved: this manner of diffolution was termed obman- ‘i Flonlg.c7, ‘tor Nanciatiog Obaunciabat,qni contra aufpicia aligna eri conclufion unto thistra% differ abe obferved between thefe phray . { omiuloage,Rogare,Fe c& Figere legem,Promulgare, ahaa » legem,was tohangupalaw not yet asked , tothe publike aN _ view of the people , tobe examined bythem touching the ~ ee conveniency thereof, Regarelegem,was to ufeacertain ora- tion unto the people;to Sap ethe conveniency of r _ law ; which Oration becaufe it began with this forme o£ «Words, Velitisiubcatifne Duirites? thatis, O yee Romans,is it your will & pleafure that this law thall pafle or no*Hence was ittermed Legu rogatio.Ferre legem,waswhenthelaw had been approved of by thepeople, thentowriteitdown upon record,and foto lay itupin the treafire-houle;¥ (4m y E.Niaemans approbatafuilfer lex, in as incidebatur , & in erario condeba- tiusin Rhil.r. tur, & tunc demum lata dicebatur.Laltly ,Figere legem, was _ to publith the law after it had beenapproved and recorded: ~ by hanging it up-intables ofbraffe in their market: places, ¢Com.Tan or at theirChurch doores.Hence it is that we ufe*Zabalam annalid, 11; - figerein the fame fenfe,namely to enact or eftablitha law,@ 4F.Macur.in. Refigere legem ,to difprove ot cancella Jaw. > And that Philip.t2. > which was jo eae omitités curiaty, wastermed Lex cr, ee | enriatasthat which was Comitiscenturiatu,lex centuriata, oe Soran that which was ( omitizs tributz#, was not called alaw , but. Plebifcitum, tyes! : Ee Cap. 3 ae De Comitiwcuriais. : Ce Curiata were thofe , wherein the Roman peo- ple being dividedinto thirty parifhes did give their fnftrages + They were {called from Caria, fignifying a 2 ; : parifh. mined by the fiffiages of the people, were dere _ thefe curiata comitia Butafter the other two forts of aflem- -blies had been eftablifhed,thefe cwriata were ufed only ci- ther for the enacting of fome particular laws,or fortheere- ating offome cercain Priefts called Flamines, Forthebetter _ underftanding hereof we muft remember that though at firftthefe thirty parifhes were parts of the three Tribes (each Tribe being divided into ten parifhes, ) yetin pro- ceffe of time the increafe of the Roman people was fuch, thata great part of the Roman fields were filled with buil- dings and places of habitation, infomuch that the Tribes of the Romans were increafed to thirty five : but the parifhes ( becailé none that dwelt out of the city were tied to the ritesand ceremonies of the Roman religion ) did not in- creafe,fo that the parifhes did not alwaiesremaine parts of ‘the Tribes. Hence it followeth that all she Romans had not power to fufttage in thefe affemblies , but thofe alone, who dwelt within the city :-for no other could be of any parifh. The place where thefe afséblies were held,was the great hall of Iuftice,called from thefe aflemblies, Comitium. Be- fore thefe aflemblies were held,it was required that fome law full Magiftrate for fome competent time before hand fhould folemnly proclaim them, and the thirty, Serjants (each parith having for that purpofe his Serjant) fhould call the people together ; as likewife three Aagures,or at leaft one fhould be prefent to aflure them by their obfervations, either of the favour,or difpleafiire of the Gods. Vpon thefe premiffes the matter was propofed unto the peeple, who if they diked it,then they proceeded unto their election ; ifo- therwife they difliked it,then did the Tribunus plebis inter= cedere,that is, forbid their proceedings: wherewpontheir » aflemblies were prefently diflolved. ‘ Cap, . a a 5 ee = Care ree bly fig Stn ee © i ecm, Bs ig were é ne * 4 i ‘ <> ive eed Perea ae Bs: ie i ieee ue + Des on POS URES gate reed oe omttis Centuriaty, — sformer aflemblies were called Curiata 4 cua’ riis, fo werethele called (enturiata a (enturits, Sere * ie { -yins Tallins-eanfed a generall valuation of every citizens ___-eltate throughout Rome, to be taken upon record, together — oe ~ ‘with their age and acoording to their eftates and age, he di- ie _ vided the Romans into fix great armies, or bands, which he Z called Claffes;chough in truth there were but five of fpeci- _ all note: the fixt contained none but the poorer fort, and thofe of no worth or efteeme, T he valuation of thofe in the . irl Claffis was not under two hundred pounds, and they a- loneby way of excelleney were termed Cla/fici: and hence figuratively are our beft and worthieft authors, called Claf- fei {eripteres, Claflicall authors. ¢ All the others, though J A Gel.lex _ they were enrolled in the fecond,third,or any other c/a/7s, cap.13. “yet were they faid to be /nfraclaffem. The valuation of the decond band was not under feavenfcore pounds. The valua- tion of the third was not folitle asan hundred pounds ; of the fourth not leffe then forty pounds, of the fift not leffe- ‘then tweaty five pounds. The fixtcontained the poorer fort, _ whom Horace calleth Zenns.census homines,menof {mall . fubftance;and alfo they werecalled Prolerarii,a maunereofi, © =. ciogue prols edendza,as ifthe only good that they didtothe § ~ me common-weakwere in begettingof children:&fometimes <~ they werecalled Capiteecenfi,chat is fachas paid very litle or nothing at all towards fubfidies,but only they were regi- ftred among the citizens,as itappeareth by ¢Sigoniue,Thefe fix great bands or armies ayere {ubdivided into hundreds, called in Latine Centwria. The firlt C/affis contained foure- {core centuries of foot-men,and eighteen of horf{e-men;the fecond contained twenty centuries of foot-men, and two of f | ait oa a ai workmen wey eSig.dejure > Rom, lic, Ay : i . “a Rofn, ant, " |ib.@.cap, 10 ge Kon. ant. Rem. lib, 6, €ap, 16, i workmen,which followed afte tomake mile: ~-weapons:the third alfo,as likewife the fourth c be i. le ; G er to make mili centuries of footmen,but to the fourth were adde ther centuries of Trampeters, Drummers, & fuch lil upon juft occafion did (la/icum canere,found thealarm he: trpon jolt occafion did againe recepias Cémere, found the re- treatethe fift (/a/fis contained thirtycenturiés of footmen: = the fixt, or laft Clas contained one century : fothatinall the fix (/affes were contained one hundred fourefcoreand thirteen centuries. Where we mutt note that all thecentu- ries of tootmen did confit, the one halfe in every c/affis of the younger fort, who were to make warre abroad upon the enemies:the other halfe of old men,whoremainedathome — for the {afety of the city. All that have been hitherto fpoken of thefe Centuriata comitia,may be colleéted outot Stgont= ws in the place above quoted. The chiefcommander ofevery cétury wascalled centurio; the rod, or tip-ftaffe wherewith m he did ftrike his fouldiers to keep them in aray, was called = by Pliny Centnrionum vite:So then we may perceive,that © thofe Cenruriata comitia were thofe, wherein the people did give their voices by centuries, or hundreds. Now the centuries did not confilt of thofe alone w° had their places of habitation at Pome,but of certain ALunicipall (tates alfo, & fuch colonies ot other ftates, that could 4 Plenum civitatis jus cum iure {uffragsi adipt(ci.CNow the cuftome in old time : was thatall thefe céturies fhould march in their armour af- ter the Magiltrate which affembled them, into the Campus Atartins, there to give their voices. But this cnftome conti. nued not long:for thereby they did difarme the city,& give theirenemies (if any fhould affaile them in time of their af- ' {emblies) the greater advantage - for their greater fecnrity thereof, they appointed a flaggeto be hanged ontupon the mount Javienlas, {ome few armed men ftanding there in watch and ward for the {feguard of the city; and when the aflembled was to bediflolvedsthen did the watchdepart, & it igh tae the =) =a » tierbininec: =e iving of their voyces, in old tur t {t Claffis being the wealthier | ogative of fuffiaging firlt, and becaufe this firlt contained more centuries then all the reft, therefore 1 could agree among themfelves , the other centuries time ; fomewhat partial!,in as muchas the richer & wealthier be- ue gaintt the poorer fort of people;thence did the after ages ap= pa that that century fhould have the prerogative of fuf= » _ fraging firft, npon whom the lot fell. The other centuries were all called fCentarie Iure-vocate, and did give theit sRofnant, AG voycesnot by lots (asthe Tribus /ure-vocata did)butthe Romlb.6, elder and wealthier centuries did fuffrage next after the cap.20, _ prerogative century accordingly as their place required. ee | Ca Se De comitiu Tribute. on WT Or the better underftanding of thefe affemblies by Tribes, or Wards, it will be needfull fir to learne, that this word 7ridw in this place doth fignify 4 certaine regi. on ward, or locall place of the city, or the fields belonging, ‘were never asked their voices. hiskind of {affraging being ing placed inthe firit Claffis, did over{way the elections ae then. wf thererunto, according to that, 8 Tributacomitia erant cam 8 A.Gel.tib, ex regionibus & loc [uffragabantur , It was fo called either *>*S*P*7* a shite dando, every feverall region or quarter paying fuch a tribute; or guia rae tres tantum fuernnt, the whole city being at firft divided only into three regions, or wards, each national] tribe having his feverall region or locall tribe todwellin. The firlt national] tribe called Ramnenfes did in- habitthe mount Pa/atine, and the'mount (elias, and thofe two hills made the fir Iocall tribe, The fecond national ZT 2 tribe | t eRicon de ehh rt ve Re * *| Aang 20, C, . ne f a ‘sinatbeglosidtainen whick | — wascalled the third locall rribe, Or thefe ibes tio 3 _ker in the firk divifion of the Roman peopie.O Only he jure Roil,t " Ruffica ab agri partibus erant nuncupate. nc of thofe two - : bire magiftratum _ pRoGn, anager y/ere (uflra locall tribe. The third national! t tribe ality 1 | between the capitoland the Pal+tine hill, aad'th muft note thas much, that in proceffe of time after the ‘city: was enlarged,and thenumbet of Romancitizens increafec thefe local] tribes were al fo augmented, fo that they moun a ted atthe laft to the number of 35. fome ofthem being cale* led Urbane, others Ruftica > Urbane abuirbes regionibts,’ | forts the Tribus ruftice were accounted the more honotras ble. Moreover we muft remember, that a mon might be re- puted of this or that tribe, althougiihe liad no place: or habi- tation therein: Concerning the place wherethefe Lrbata - Comitia were had fometimes they fel} out tobe mthe cam- pus Afartin:,{ometimes in their great hall of juftice called: comitinm ; fometimes in the capitol ; many times in other places, according to the dif cretion of the Magiftrate Ww hichy caufed thefe aflemblies.. Cap, 6. De Candidata.. ss T {hall not be impertinent to annexe fome neceflary ob- fervations touching the Roman petitors or fuitors for bea= ring office: where we will obferve thele three phrafes,ama 4nivre Wiagi ALUM, and abire megs raté. T he firft fignifieth, to fue for an office; the fecond, to enter ilito the office; the third todepart cut of the office, gain the IHETECEO @fe patales,con cere legstima [uffragia,g Exe Ex plere (uffragia,+Vhet firftfignifieth to have fo man as the aw doth ss i The oT fi gnifieth to have more to have sore: =" woyeee i] : | . ray - | . “ he , ‘ i iN, ee a ok ee ee feo: tor ab infarcjendo in aurés, Secondly , Blanditia, that is, a yp¢.° hee , 6 dati 5 a togacandida, Ce Ee fo pee fag ; Be BP ta theydid weare,as itappeareth A thete _ elatio,the faluting of every citizen by his name; for the bet- Romi. 7.08. - ter difchargeof which, they hada certain follower, which = fhould by way of prompting,tell every citizen’snameashe _ pafled by, and hence this prompter was fometime called ; » 3 Nomenclator, which word doth properly fignifyacOmon gCic.ora, cryer inacourtof Tuftice , fuch as call men totheirappea-proL.Mur, ee ey eo tlicic name tein Niamey one; ab nee ue old iatin word to call;fometimes> AZonitor,fometimes Far- ditket nami friendly compellation by the addition of fome complemen: Hor.) t.ep.6, tall name, as well-met friend, brother, father, &c. Thirdly, 4 Ciclocofus Affidvitas, that isan hot canvafing,or foliciting men with. Pts etato, * out intermiffion. Laftly, Beniguetas,a bountiful, or liberail | Jargeffe, or dole of mony called congiarium, fromthe mea- fure congizs containing a gallon, beeaufe their ! dole wasat 1G. Traper,) ee the firft made ofoyle or wine diftributed in thofe meafiires. in Philp... Howbeit xa nencruas any dole,giftzor largefle'in money, or Qi otherwife is called congiarzum. The diltributers of this dole | were called dieses RET yuaftrenielcnstiok fometimes m Siz, de jud, fequefter Genified a briber ot corrupter ofa Iudge. Likewife libia.cap.25. their bounty or liberality confifted in providing great ding 4 Barth. Lae - ners, exhi>iting magnificent fhewes unto the people &c, tems where we mutt obferve, that as oftenas this largeffe is cal- ‘*Pt° M- led Largitio, it is taken in the worlt {enfenamely for an un- OG eel lawtall bribing of the {affragers.under apretended Jargefle, ve ©Bengnitas liberalitatems mags fignificat quam lar gitio« o Cic.orat, Le. CTH. . Mure ny * “ $. 4 ae Ne a j r : 6 oy 4 ae GE 2g ain pe ’ i atk 3 . i: a be - pe. te nage ie f\! e ea * Si tOMUSiNO- De Romanis veftibus, = ae eae oe V Ee may obfervein reading old authors, that ag eeu! : well the Romansasthe Grecians had divers di- ftin& habits, or outward veftiments. The Grecians had @& their mantle called Pallinm; the Romans their gowne . : called Toga: and by this different kind of garment the one was fo eceeiny ai aneeiliees Hach other , that this - word Zeogatus was often ufed to fienify a Roman, and Pal- fSigon.de ju y pea ee irecian. £T ogati pre R Bijat ‘i8li, ut Pabinll pb dicl.3-4.19+ Grecu, Before we proceed, we will firft obferve what this Mic.Toxit4 7ayq was, and then how many forts there were. 8 Toga waorat Pr Aa eft. d ly of wooll,b lippic. 2. 4 tegendo ditta eft. 1t was made commonly of wooll,outac- : cording to the worth and dignity of the perfon , fometimes of courfer, fometimes of finer wooll; as we may collect by — . that of Horace. a enue Mihi fit toga, que defendere frigus Quamvis cralfa queat-o-m- my i b Mic, Toxita We mutt note with 7 oxita, that no women of any credit ib, did wear the Roman gown,but inftead thereof did ufe a gar- ment called /folafrom sina fignifying demitto, quod uf¢, ad talos demitteretur: whence old Poets, when they would es point ont unto usan infamous or lewd ftrumpet,they would -#Rofnant, terme her imulierem togatam .* This toga fometimes was Rom, worne open and ae then wasitcalled_tega apertas a h Sig.de jud. other times it was tucktu zand then it was called toga pres Oy PP 3P 19° cinéla, This cincture or mat up of the gowne was accore V' {Sig.ib. ding to! Sigonies threefold; Cinéiuralaxtor, Affritticr,and ak | Cinktus Gatinus; Cindlara laxior, or the loofe kind of gire ding was fuch that notwith{tanding the tuck, yet the tayle | trailed on the ground; Cixétura aftriitior, the clofe kind of ee . girding was fuch, that after the gowne had been lapped or ais 4 es #4 Nie ~ ft, and effes | tnes or readi- .girding was focalled froma certaine city of ( ampania cal. id, lib.7. Jed Gabu, becanfeupon atime the inhabitants of this city _ being at facrifice, were fet upon by their enimiess at which _ time they cating their gownes behind them, & girding one lappetor skirt about them,went immediatly co warre even ag from thealtars,and got the conqueft.° In memory of which i" ever after;theconfu/ when he fhould proclaime war, girded - himfelfin like manner.Neither had the cow/iz/alonea pecu- liar garment when he proclayined war, but every fouldier in time of war did wearea different kind of garment from the gown,which they called Sag#:wemayenglifhitafoul- © ~ diers coat. WhenceZ #/y ufeth this phrate ad /aga ire,which 0Alcx.Gen, > Erajmus hath paralleld with this Ad certamen [é accingere, SECA to buckle for warre, Infomuch that Cedant aga toga, is ¢« guivalent to that of the Oratours, Cedant arma toge,T ouch- ing the difference of the Roman gownes, I find them di- Ringuithed by P Sigonizs according as followeth; in Togans p Sig.de jnd. Puram,Candidam,Pullam,Pratextam,P aludamentum,Ppic~ '0.3.6ap-1 50 tam,7 rabeam.T oga pura was the commonordinary gowne ~ worne by new married women,and Tanaquill prima texnit retlam tunicam,qua fimulcum toga pura tyrones indwuntur, novadg, nupta Plin.4ib.8.cap.48 and by private men at mans — eftate, about the fixteenth yeare of theirage, at which time they were faid, Excedere ex ephebs, that is tobe pat flripe lings. Notwithftanding the fixteenth yeare Was notalwaies : reve y without exception obferved; 4 for AZ, Aurelius was g Rofin.ane, permitted to weare this gowne being but fifteen eet ial | & | 9) _ Ertogancn | tathas vince g¢ sas eae ¢ “i oe si Ae se injfa vives OM All aemixtures of purpic,or any other colon ll white, others datpeu= yy VOICE . It was called vivid, becanfe it was gi- ven toftriplings now growing to mans eftate. Whence we | nie to fay of altripling palt 16 yeares of age, virilem togam : _fuemplit,he is now become a man.Laltly, it was called Libera, rRoGn, amt." t becau fe thenthey didreceivéfome beginning of freedome Rom.l.s.c. as being about that time freed from their tchoolematters, & overfeers. Thiskind.of gown was not made open, but few- 32. ed downe.tothe bottome, and alfo-it was made without alti Ma fleeves, fo thatifat any time they lad cccafion to ufe their -armes,they would take up their gowneand caft it quite be= hind them, or upon their fhoniders, But thefeftriplings _ couldnot for one whole years {pace, caft back their gownes -- inthat manner for their hberty of cheir armes without the + Cic,in orat. imputation of immodefty,as itappeareth by © Cicero, Nobss proCeho, gynus erat unus ad cobibendum brachium toga conftitutus, The like liberty it feemeth was denied thofe that {tood for w Sig.deiud, places of office; and thenceisit, that Horace witheth fuch _hb,3,cap.t.g. tohire them a fervant, wae Lavam i Qui fodiat latus, cogat trans ponaera dextram Porrigeree-.- | In which place by Powdera is underltood the Romaxz gown, xSigonib, as*3zgenies hath expounded that place.Now for the under- ftanding of Toga candida, we are to learne a difference be» tween this candida toga,and the aga pura above {poken of, which is oftentimes called ruga aéba,both of which were white, but differed in the degree of whitenes. The toga alba had only the naturall whitenefle of the wool]; the toga can- __ dida had an artificiall white dye: whereby the glafle of the ySigon. white was made more orient and intenfive,Or elfeasrSiga, | . MtUE eiratiand as often as they did weare ghis gowne , they + : were faid (fatarevefiere » % which phrafe inold Authors ¢Sig.dejud, doth fignifienothing elfe but to goe in mourning apparel, 1ib.3.cop.rg Dey, "The other notcole-black, but only fould or Qained,and that Cic.crac.pro P "g was wore reatzs causa,in times ofaraignment, and thof pty: aN Ary that wore it, were called (crdidati,afordibus in vefte , from cet whe tee the fpots or ftainesin thegown. Where we mult note,that fonifcabane in procefie of time Toga pullabecame the ordinary gowne, Romani. wehthecommion people did wearjat weh time theordinary se tas gown w*4 the Citizens of better place & efteem did wear, ene was the toga candida: whereupon there did then grow a diftin¢étion of the citizens,unknown to the former age, faith Rofinus namely that fome were termed candidati , others : pullaté: Candidati were thofe, not which became fuirers for pe places of office (as in old time it fignitied ) but thofe which aS P did live in better repute then others from whenceitis,that ae 14 a he whole oftice was toread the Emperonrs Jettersin the @Fentihde ©). ; AE m7 Mag.Ro.¢, 34 Senate was Called Chndidatus principis,or Quaftor candida. 3 tus. It did fomewhat refemble the office of the King his moth V Majetties - me = AY She 5 ee ‘n ka bes y re . uve > 3 re -b Pet.Pellita- 1iuUSin orat. — pro A.Cacin, ‘o Alex.gen. GEASS O18, . : : dSig,de lad, nerall or the chiefe Captaines did nfe to weare: lib,3.cap.29 ¢ J/¢dorvs {aid it was not only garded with purple, but with eSigonub. skarletand gold lace, whence it was fometimes called ¢ to- x a __. ) ga purpurea fometimes csecinea. It was much like the ha-” ea ys fRofin.antiq. hi ey sk Hib. s.cap. 31. OIE W ich theGracian Emperour was wont to weare called ee Goon gSiede jud, ( blamys. yeanow itis called Chlamys ; we may englifhit oe i { b.3.c.19. anHeraldscoatof Armes. Thefixt fortofgown wascalled toga picta,8 becanle in it were imbroadred goodly pi@ures aK | with needle- worke: it was alfocalled Purpurea, not be- DS cereale: caufe of any purple-gard (in which refpect the pratexta, & 3 _ the paludamentum were called purpurea)outbecaufe it was all over witha purple dic: it was by fome termed to¢a pal- méta,oecaufe in it many pale branches being the reward & token of victory were brought, whence by others it was called toga trinmphales,becar Cc Emperors in their triumph 5 did weare fach gownes. The laft fort of gown was Trabea, B Serv. ZEnei, Whereof there were 4 three feverall kinds; the one woven ~ lib.7. all of purple, which was confecrated unto the Gads: the fe- cond was purple woven upen white,and this only kings & €onfals might weare: the third was skarlet wovenupon purple, this coat were Senators.called thence Laticlavsi : Thefe- Vid. Turneb, cond fortbelonged unto the Roman Knightsand it differed adverfl,1.c.2,.. epurpl in meking from the firftonely that th éftuds or em-- broadered works of this, were not fo broad as the former: whence thecoat was called e4ngufficlavia,or eLuguftres clavus,and the perfons wearing itwerecalled Asgufficlae ’ vis. The third fort belonged unto the populacy ng poorer - fortof Romans; it was made without any purfled workes, being called Txsiearetta, This coat was given together with the Virile gown to ftriplings paft fixteen yeares od, & to new married women, And as the recfatanica was given | with the Viri/e gown; fo was the tunica clavata given to- gether with the toga pratexta; andthe Latic/avia, other- wile called tanica palmata, given with the toga pitta, The fourth & laf fort belonged unto women , beinga long coat _ Sig.de jud. hb3.cr9, 7 9 Sigon.ib. \ : : p Sigon.ib. | ‘mRofinant, pat chey di — Uib.s.cap.35. and fometimes ms aching down unto the hecles ; they on it they did weare an oucward garment ™called palin, palla,quia palam geftabatur. ® § aith that this palla was a certaine gowne ufed by ftage-players: howdfoever certain it is,that notonly women, butmenalfo _ and children did weare this kind of garment. Befides the Roman gownand coat there remain other parts of their ape parell to be fpoken of; fuch are thefe which follow : Lacer- na,which fome doe englifha cloak but °F ews would have. it to bealitle kind of hood,which men fhould weare to de- fend themfelves fromthe rain & weather;Tt was made thar either fide might be worn outward; & atfirfk it was worne — only in war,fo that /acernats {tood in oppofition with # andi’ P [fedorss togatos pro urbants,lacernatos pre milstibus ular. patos (cribit. Afterward as we may conjecture it was made longer in manner of a cloak, forit was-diverfe times worne upon their coats infteed of gownes. Another kinde of gar. ment was the Peaula,lo called quvafi pendala, we may tran- flare italong hanging cloake. A third was called A4tra, which fometimes did fignify acertaine attire for womens heads,asacoife or fuch like;though this kinde of attire was more properly calied Calazticae other times it fignified a girdle,which more properly was called Zona; This Zona chiefly fignified a fouldiers belt,or.a marriage girdle: The fouldiers belt was lined within in the infide, where when - they went to war,they did put their mony:whence Horace faith of aman that hath loft his mony, zemam perdidit, And # douse Birt [icniticth Es Jrancalita eee ee ‘ Cel Rbod 122.19 happily Decaute that part of the be which was gitt,was confecrated to Afars asthe forchead was to every mans particular Genivs,the atmesto Iuno, the breft to Weptwne, the reines to Venms, the feet to Boring and the fingers to Aftnerva, Alex ab. Alex.l.2.0,19, Young maides when they were married were wont to havea mare tage girdle tied about their middle, which their husband ae "pulls : et SS oe ae d Incefts-v edt qgCcel.in orat. pro Milene. made halfe way up theleg,as the Turktfh fhooesare,ace cording to lofephus Scager: and they were cither laced = clofeto the leg,as many of our boots are now adaies;orcla- {ped with taches or haipes. The firit fort called AZuHei £f6 Salmuth.in the fith wul/as being like unto it in colour, were alfo called Pancirol, ib. from their clafp , calcei t/unati, becaufe the elafoes were ¢™™ wes made in forme of an halfe moone, which half-mooned clap oe maven’ refembling a Roman C, lignified an hundred , "intimating ¢ Appo fram thereby that the number of the Senators ( they onely being nigre lanam permitted to weare this kinde of fhooe ) were at firita fall /abtexit ala~_ handred and no more. Others are of opinion that they wore *#:!4ven, i ata w Salmuth. in” this mooned clafp to put them in minde that the honour to pjncrol lib which they had attained, was mutable and variableas the :erum deperd. moon: For they think that thefe Lunats calcei were not res cap.de fibul. ecived asa token of Nobility onely at Rome, but in other V 3 | places, rim & f calcei,were thole,which the fouldiers we t to! Itake them tobe the fame with thofe which they cal —Caliga,from which kind of fhooes C. (efar (Caligula had his name,becaufe he wasborne inthearmy. Quvianatmin exertitn fuerat ,cagnomentum calceamenti militarts , id eff, Calignla fortitus eft eturel. Uist € pit de vita imperat,Pes rones (as we nayconjecture ) were laced up theleg: for Tertullian making but two forts of fhooes,faith,there were the A4a//ei called from their clafps Lunati , and the Peroxes made without {uch halfe-moonedclafps , called alfo ca/cei : puri,quoniam ex puro corio fatti; and thefe Perowes or pares xe Salmuth in ©4/eeos all the other Romans did weare * with this note of ‘Pancirol. lib, diftinétion, that the Magiftrates fhooes were befet with serum deperd, precious {tones, private mens were not. T hus much concer- —¢de fibula. ning both the kinds and fafhion of the fhooes may becolle« | ed out of Rofinus in the place above quoted. Thedefcrip- - tionanid ufeof the Corhurses, & Seccus, may be feen in the. * . trattde Remanis Indus, | OLS ion a LIB, A C ~LL yy Se WPT POG ' A ae VL /a\= DP, eh: E Altay ae! Ud, =<) yi , oS. 4 eling ‘ me Sst G \ = FF > ye ES Aig Ue af} 5 ~ = Pe NS Sa yy), QE SS SNES Ss é . ; aves Mae L183, SECT. 2.” ® pie ofthe Roman Magiftrates. t CARs Te” in De Magiftratibus Romans,

which ifhe did not ranfome, then did the common Treafii rer (Cedere vel concidere pignora, that is, (train or feazeupon le the pledges, ma ingcommonfalethereof,inwhichfenfe = thofet Wo phrafes areufed,namely,capere pignora,ey aufere. __vepignora,that is,to {train ot feazeuponamans goods, = £4 a re | Car. 4, : DeConfulibus, Shs A Frterthe expulfion of Tarquinizs Sup.thelattRoman King,all the Citizens in Rome aflembled, and conclu- _ ded that the government of thecity , which before wasin _ the hand ofone alone Governour, called their King, fhould - now be divided betweentwo: *whoatfirlt( beforethere ¢Rofin.amiq, = ‘was any fubordinate office asa Pretor{hip) the Romans cal- Rom. 7.c.g- led Pratores;quod prairent populo.Not long after they were | | called fudices ajudicando. In procefie of time they were Known by no other name then Cox{ales a confalendo populo.. 4 No citizen was ordinarily created Cox/m/before the forty ¢Cic, orat,’ third yeare of hisage. Neither might any be chofen with- Pll. s. ent {peciall difpenfation , either. of their abfence outof or Rome, or in time of their alee “ye ; which was the ae Cxlcaple © 2 1 a b time when he was Con lar di a ce mer] ’ -* Col Rhod, they had done before the Kings.* Now he that had the rods. vee cdibtz.c. carried before him in the firft moneth ,. either he had mage ther,or in time of the election he was pronounced Before _ theother, for which refpects he was called Con/ul major, 8 srenett de €2n/ut prior,8 The reafon why each Conf#/had nottwelve eit, Rom, Lilors alwaies , was becaufe the tyranny ofthe Con/uls ~°"""s “might-then teem to be doubled and to exceed the tyranny of the Kings. Anothertoken was acertain chaire of eftate called Sella eburnea,thatis, an Ivory chaire, fo called from the mattéFwhereofit was made ; & *becanfe this chaire. was commonly carried about ina certain coach or chariot,. wherein the Conftil did ride, hence ftom (urrus which fig. £Stadius in nifletha Chariot,it isalfo called Beerigp where inote. Blos.l.i.c5, thatthe word Curzi7 is fometies ufed fibltantively , and: then it fignificth fome chiefe magiftracy or officeamone the- Romans, The gown,by.whichthey werediftinguithed from other Magiftrats or private men,was a certain purple gown -which from the great embroadred works was called Tra. bca,& hethat did weare it wasthence called Trabeatus ace cording to that, 7 rabeati cura 2 niriné. It will be worththe obfervation to note,that the Romans did date their Deeds -& Charters in old time, by naming the yeare wherein their - City was firk founded;as.to fay Ae urbe cowdita the twenti- eth, thirtieth,or fortieth yeare,é&e. But ia procefle of time their maner of dating wasby fubfcribing the names of their prefent Confuls:as to fay’, {uch a thing wasdeterminéd Z, Valerio, Ad Horatio Confulibus, {uch & fuch being Confule: b AGe. lia, ‘¢,18,. Whence Sactonine Speaking of Inline Ce/ar, faith hee was - sisteaaaae ‘ ie” appointed: yfignedtheirveffels = its res of theis j;adding withall tharthey: wt he goodneffe of their wine, thename ofthe = = ence itcame,accordingtothatoflwvenfat.s. = ntry whence 1 > Cujus patriam,ritulund, feneus _. Delevit multa vereris fuligine tefte. Turn.advl.t.e.) Thofe alone who had: borne the office of aConful,nor every se one that wascapable therof, were faidtobe Viriconfulares, = KaAtthe firft thofe who were created C onfiils remained in & Tiftinus ine _ their office the {pace of an whole yeare, being defignati ad %.Cic.pro _¢onfislatamwpon thetwentie fourth of Otob.! 4d con/ula. / ae ee tame non inierant ante Calendas Ian, thatis the firlt of Tanua= oat oe i .. rye Thereafon of this chafme,or sxter7m,between their de= eae fignation unto their office, & their entrie into it, was(as we may probably conject) that the competitoars might have fome time to-enquire de Ambitz, thatis,whether there was no inditec& andunlawfilikmeanesufedintheircanvafingIn ° | proceffe oftime either by voluntary refignation,or depofii on,or death,many Confuls have been chofen in the fame nd yeare,and they were called "Non ordinarii,& (nffelti Con. mFrSyl.in fules. Atiuch timesall their deeds were dated by the names Ci-0%#t. pre’ of the two firft Confuls which began the yeare : whence U*™ - thofe two firft.and likewife all thofethatcontinuedintheir ©, office the whole yeare were called ® Con/iles Honorarii,& ® Rofin antig, BeNES Coufules Ordinariis 3 he esha : De Cenforibus, PQ Aah eet) ae by soa finding themfelves encombred with fo. ay ee | many bufineffes ofa different nature , did by confent ek: sie ofthe Senate choofe two sh Officerscalled° (en/ores* 55" a” eee Se ica - 3 | oo —-— — % ae © a ee ‘cordingly, either in undertaking warres,tranfplanting Co- SR Ree lonies,or in making provefion of victuals in time of peace, A ~ fecond and main part of their office was in reforming mans ners,to which end they had power to enquire into every mans life. This part of their authority was noted out unto us by this phrafe, being called Virgula cenforia. If any one — had plaid the ill husband, & neglected his farme, or left his vine untrimmed,the Cen/ors took notice thereof. T hey did Senatu_c Tribu mavere, i. they did dilpofe Ses d ull dowa men from a more honourable tribe , toa lefle ho- nourable. Dimixutio maxima was the loffe ofonés Tribe, ~city and freedome. Thefe Cex/ors were reputed of the bet - Ske ok Mastiaieni Rome:they remained in their office ~~ yFeneftde an Whole five yeares {pace ordinarily: I fay ordinarily be- Rom. Magift, caufe * through the abu feof their place, the office had been Cp 7. made fometimes annuall. ‘That five yeares {pace the Ro- fPomp. Let. mans did call Laffrwm,becaufethey did once in every five de Rem yeares revolution Lu/frare exercitumRomanum,by facrifice ede Cenfor, purgethe Roman army.Hence we fay duo /asira, to.yeares | tria luftra,t5 .yeares, &c. The performance of this Laftra- : tion belOged alfo unto the (+ enfors: for atter the Cexfors had . performed the one part of their office , in regiftring the jult rPancirol ‘bb. valuation of every citizens eftare, *theydid lead aSow,a ; Shoei Ram & a Bull,three timesabout the army, & inthe end fa- i mpi crificed them to 44ars:& thus to purge an army, is, condere acaPalex, Gen. Luftram:though fometimes condere Luftrum doth fignifie, PG: .1 $0.27. to nutter an army. Thefe facrifices, as likewife all others of | Pomp. L&t the Jike nature,that is, wherein there was aSow,a Ramme, wee Confor, 2 Bull facrificed, were termed fometimes " Swe vetaura= ~" Kasometimes So/ttanratia,fometimes *Z avrilia Moreover ‘ wae ae. es ed RR SNE OF ane msi hgee > De Pretoribus. 42 i ~ P42 : TE Confulsbyreafonoftheir manytroublesinwarre, tt _ 3 having notimetoadminifter jultice unto the Roman ok people,did forthe betterhelptherein,createtwonewOf 8 ficers for the executing of jultice;the one to examine and judge of matters within the City , between Citizen & Ci- tizen:the other todecide comroverlies between forreiners: Se The firlt they 2called Pretorem urbanum, and PretoremaPighiuse= majorems. the other Pratorem peregrinum , & Pratorem mi. quipetscompe, norem: we may englifh them Lord-chiefe-Iuftice. Where ; we matt note thatatthefirftthere wasonly the Pretor wr- banwuntillthe cafesand fuitsinlawbecamefomany,that Se one wastnot {ufficiés to heare themall,® yeaatlaft thenum. 2 Alex, Gen, - ber of the Prators came to 16: namely, when thofe two *etl-2.c.15. wereadded for the providing ofcorneand graine: whence _ they were called Pretores cereales;¢ nay there were at latt ehil re My fie Prators,there being two others addedto judgeof , ane nha cotroverfies touching feofments of truft,called thence Prae- d Fr,Sylv.in tores fidei commi(farit A Canfarit duo genera funt lie srivae Orat.pro Mare ra,alie publica bas criminofas,ill.as civiles appellant. In thofe ¢}Saxonius — cafes which were private,that is,¢ touching equity and up- siti ie rigatnefle ofany act, or the reftitution of any mony,orgoods fof, annie unlawfally detained from the right owner, it belonged prin. lib.7.cap. 11, c.pally unto the f two firlt Prators to iudge,& but under the £>2xonius unto the (ent# viri,who oftentimes are called by Tay Re. tit. bhai eh Z cuper am fs es. piiabes,and capitts dimicaizo ,thatis, * fuch cafes whereinif ‘the party accufed had’been found guilty hewascapite dame — natussby which phrafe we mult not underttand alwaies /Z<. timum {upplicium fed aliquando exilium , quofcilicet CAD, Scat ed that is,cives exiwnitur a civitate.T hefecates atthe firltwere ~ as ae heard by the Kings & Confuls:afterward by certainappoin= SO?" ted thereunto by the people,being calledtrom their ingui- i enc4 —_-fition guafitores parricidiz, In cohtinuance of time the exa- ne mination & hearing of thefe publike cafes was turned over anto certain Magiftrats, who becanfe they were tocontinue. oo their office a full and entire yeare ( whereasthe others had . 3 their authority no longer then they fate in judgement) were thence for diftinctionfakecalled Pretores Ouafitores, and * Erol hata, thecafes were termed Quaftiones perpetnas K beeaufe in. lib.7.cir. thee cafes there was one det forme of giving judgement s perpetually to remain; wheras in thofe private orcivil cau. « ges the Pretor did commonly every yeare change the forme of giving indgement by hanging up new edicts,! Here wee mult note that thefe Quefitares Parricidarum, otherwile called Pratores Quafitores , had not the examination of all publike cafes, but fometimes upon extraordinary occafiong either the Confuls, the Senate, or the peoplethemfelves” . would giveindgement. Now as thofe former Prezors had a {peare erected up, whereby their Court for private canfes was knownsfo had thefe Quefitores a{word hanged out in tokeniof their court.” Praetoram infignia duofuere, hafta, Coe. mSig.de jud, eladins:illa adjuri{dittionem.hie ad quaflioncm fiauificanda, li®.t.CaP.7.- ‘The officers whichdid attend thefe Prerors were Scribe, i.e.certain Notaries much refembling the Clerkes ‘of our Ailes, theig oflice being to write according asthe Prators - h Er.Sylvin _qiat.prohiur. | {Rofin.antiq. — hb.6.c 38, ir name a ferié fi ab acciendo,from fum- 4) Sbecanfethey were to fammon mento their appea- ance. They muchrefembled our Bayliffes errant, Thethird 9” fort were Lifferes; of which before ® Thea thority of the g Feneft. deme wag. urbane Pretor was fo increafed in time, yeahis honour was Rom.magif, = § ™ Such,that whatfoeverhe commanded,ithad thensme of 7s op. 9- honorarium.° Others are of opinion, that onely the Prators pinned 2 edi& was that Ju honorarium; P the Prator Uroanus being’ x pea stg ‘ Wont at the entrance into his office, tocollect a fet forme of » rich, Aq. . adminiftration of juftice out of the former lawes and feveral per. com, edicts of former Pretors according unto which hee would ‘ ee adminifter jultice all the yeare following:andea{t the peo- we esi aw “ wes Ca Bry oii f rr ee ” ple might be ignorant of the contents thereof ,hee-caufed it to behanged upto the publick view. This terme of juftice was termed Editlum,ab edicendo,id eff impcrando;becaufe 7 Pelli. in thereby he did command,or forbid fomething to bee done, Gicoratpro Whence Pellitarius in the place now quoted doth trariflace & Geen. (onf(iulum editta, Mandatory lecters,that it might bee ditin- guifhedfrom other ‘Magiltrates edicts. It was-commonly = oe called Pretoris edit“ And as Pighius obferveth in the place “ | above quoted, it was called editinm perpetuum, not abfolutly — 7 .. becaufe the vertue thereof was perpetuall(for that expired bE sat te together with the Pretors office,and therefore Tx/y calleth rCic.in Ver.» it /ecvem annuam:)but in refpect of other edicts made in the : middle of at oi po extraotdinar and unexpetted oce at ee cations, Which latter fort of edi&@s' 7 sly calleth peculsaria roi. tne ey edifla, Afterward, Salvius foie at sires ie ‘ an Edi& out of all the old Edits of the former Pret ors, t Sig.dejud, wherein almoft all the whole civill law was contained,and 1-1:cap-6. this wascalled properly Edittum perpetnnm,becaufe that all the Pretors ever after didadminifter jultice sccording’'to » ae that edict,by the appointmét of Hadrianus beingthenEm- oe perour. The edict being given out, the adminiftration of ju- _ ftice confifted in the ufe of one of thefe three words,Do,Di- =! C0, me 3 Pe ee te ™ an Cat, orate. iy Say PFO Flacco. fein’ —— ne 1 aS 1c CO of the peri x“ M.Toxits, is & tearme of law fignifying as *much as. to.deliver up into _ ‘ty orat. pro- “) “ ~Pub: Quinuy’ Call thofe goods that are delivered by the Pretorunto th ; ini oo): gio omer bone ; butthofe debtors alfo which are- e ee ” | , . =p ipeteg "a deliveredup by the prezor unto their creditors to work out ir debejare tearmed ferus €a Moreover becaule he Pretor fhould Ad- y _ Gnall port-fales it was neceflary that t | ty - dicere bona dcliver up the goods fold,henee doth this word . often fignify to fellas Addicere Jangwinem alicujtt, totake- mony. to killa man,to fell a mans life touching the reafon of | theirname, they were called Pretores a.pracundo, quonianse yt. Mat jure praibant And ythole alone were properly. tearmed v4- Fantus In +4 pyerorié, which had borne this office , not they which: SOUP 33: were capable thereof: in the fame fenfe we fay iri cenfo~ igiand Hiri Adiltiiy hes. Gti st EN? Pah ie h oik Ca ri. 7 ii REGS” cab ae mR ate Hae TXT Hen. Iniius Cafar had overcome Pompey his YV- V fonnesin Spaine,athisreturneto Rome the See welcomed him with new ‘invented titles of fingular . | ng him Pater patria, Coxful in decennium. Die 8 Were afterward conferred npon Ottavins Cefar, and “all the Emperouts fircceeding defired to be called fimpera- he “tores & Cafares fromhim.Where wemultunderftandthac = © this name /mperator was not altogether unknowne before, : a -forby that name the Roman fonldiers were wont (even at * that time ) to falute their L. Generall after fome fpeci- | _ all conqueft. *thefe Roman Emperours were afterward > Sem > called alfo dugufti from OXavius Cafar, whom when the lib. 6. Senate ftudied to honour withfome noble title, fome were . of the mind that he fhouldbecalled Romulus, becaufe hee was ina manner afecond founder of thecity; but it was at length decreed by the advife of AZanutins Plancus, thar he | fhould be ftiled by chename of duguftus , which. we may Sik ‘englith Soveratane:and they counted this name of more re. _ * sverence and majefty then that former name of Romudusbe~ | --caufe all confecrated and hallowed places were called Loca | Anoufia The aut ority of thefe Emperonrs was very ggeat, |: . we ~ “evenas great as the Kings in former times. Mi ia . * se a t ‘ “% , . o fe Z 7 by coy ee Y 2 on. Os ae 4 - % . ; ,. es ‘ . } * 4 i - f ea hay ie: i i { ty} a ) film i * k if OE ee MS 2 a & ART v les ye % } be ea ’ ‘ - 2% miCa ee Ue De principibus iuventutis, Cafaribus, nobilifimis (afaribus, aRofin.ants. A * Cuftomewas received amonglt the Roman Empe> bb. 7-cap, 3s rours in their life-time to nominate him whom they wouid have to facceed them in.their Empire; and him they called Priuceps inventutts, Cafar, & Nobilifimus Cefar. The like cuflome was practifed by. Charles the fifth Empe- Pe ! Tour of Germany, and fo hath been continued by his fuccef-- fours;namely, that one fhould.be chofen whom they called: Rex Romanoram, who fhould be fo farre invefted in the ti-. tle to the Empire by the meanes of the prefent Emperounr,. thatupon the death, refignation , or depofition of the then: being Emperour, he immediatly fhould fucceed. Car. J De Prafelto urbe, R Omulus for the better *government of the Citty ap= AX poynted a certaine officer called Unde prafettus , to have the hearing of all matters or canfes betweene the™ mafter and thefervant, between Orphanes and their over- feers,betweene the bayer and the feller, &c, Afterward in time of the Roman Emperours,this Urbs prafe hus didval= fame unto himfelfe fuch authority, that hee wold examine and have the hearing of all caufes of what nature foever, if | they were fe a lal Se within an hundredmiles. eDelparerie of Rome: (for > Lape in old ame fignified a mile, beeanfe at usin fualyn- eyery miles end a great ftone in manner ofa mark-ftone was. waMls. erected jin the ablence of the King or Confuls,he had all ane thority which belonged unto them refigned unto him, Tam: . ) not: act igs ies fe Car. r0.. - €ap.20, ; | De decemeviru legibus fcribends. Fer the be tter adminiftration of juftice, the Rowans dFeneht.de appointed three men,namely,¢ Sp, Pofhamins, Ser. Syl. magitt Kony, pitizs, A. AMantius, togoetoedthens,andother Grecian cie P14 ties, there to perufe the Grecian lawes: to the intent that © ape er: at thir return botha fupply might be made of tholelawes °°" that were wanting in Rome,and the other which were faul. ty. might thereby be rectified'and amended. At the returne of thofe three men, the Confals weré devofed, and both their authority and enfignes given unto >ten men newly. e- lected for the government ofthe flate and were thence cal. led Decemvirs. The firlt elected into this Decemvirat, were, Ap Claudius T.Genutins ,P.Sextus,SpVeturins, C.lulin S, A. Mantins, Ser Sulpitins P, Curtatius,T Romul,Sp,rofthy .. minseall of them fuchas had born the office of a (on/al.T he. laws which they.bronght from Athens were written at frtt in ten tables of braffe:afterward twoother tables were ad- ded,at which time thofe lawes began to be knowne and dj- ftinguifbed from othersby the name of Leges 1 2'tabularuas, And according to thofe laws juftice ever after was adininj. . tired to the Roman peoplesat firft by thefe ten men appoin. ~ ted thereunto, whofe authority was as large even as the Kings and Confulsin old time, only tt was annuall, one of them only had the enfignes of honor carried beforehim;one | alone had the authority of convocating the Senate, con. ¥ 3 firming } : H ¥ | i i u Legs) 6s 7 2 TY SE ate. FA NON MeN PR EY We APD CCR Me a CER ek i VAY Raiey 8 3a, a captg. 4 eee a f Dion, Ha- lic. lib, 2, Ca Pp. Il. De interregia poteftate, ¥Fter the death of Romulus £ the Sehators divided ~“& themielves into feverall companies called Decurie, committing the government.of the kingdome to that De- cury, that is to thofe ten men, upon whom the lor fell, cale ling them the Jnterreges: where we muft know, that thefe ten did not tule altogether,but each man ruled for the {pace gRofin,lib.6. of five dayes.whence 8 Rofimus calleth this magifiracy AZa- cap, 160: & Alex.Gen,. ted,4 then they chofe one;.to whom alone they committed, dies.lib, $.c, 6% giftratum Quingucduanum. After that five dayes govern- ment had pafled through the firft, then did they goe to lots to have a fecond Decry chofen, and fo a third, &c. Thisof an Jvterrex remained even in the Confuls time; fothat ifby fome extraordinary occafion the Conftlls could not be crea- the whole governmentof the kingdome, and him they cal- led Interregem. Gav: |) tone De Diktavore, NY Views the Romans found themfelves en- cumbred with dangerous warres, or any o- ther eminent dangers, they prefently chofe a Diéfator to < Cap. 13. De Tribunts miitummn 4 - the Confiils;and thence were called Tribsni militum: cone fulari potestare. The occafion of them was this: The prote- or of the commons called Tribuns plebs , did-earneftly: labour that the commonalty might bee made as'capable of the Confular dignity-as the Nobility: This was followed fo. hot,.that in the end though the-Nobility would not grant. them way unto that dignity.under the name of Con/uls, yer ‘in effe%& they would grant ie them. Namely the Con/ip/s. fhould be depofed,& 1n their ftead other Magiftrates thould be chofen; part out of the Nobility, pare outof the cOmonal. ty,whothough they were not called Con/wds, but Tribaxi,. _ yet were they of Confalar authority: by which they. were diftinguifhed fromthe other fort of Military Tribuaes, who. Mad power and authority only ia matters Mulitary,and were: — Knowre- éPighiusing Tiran, sh HE military Tribunes were of two forts: The one LRdGname had all power and authority, which belonged unto libs7.gap.ae5., ‘we ¥ . & : = ahaa ce Sh ET oe a Alex.Gen., tion.” Sometimes there was one of thefe thr. own by tb of Tribuni m P dir 16.¢,18. fixed, Ratuli or Rufals, Saffeftiand comitiaté ; not there by “to intimate untons any diftin@ion of office or place, butto fignify their manner of election.Forif they werechofenby the Confuls,then were they called Tribuni Rutiltor Rufe di,becanfe they had their authority confirmed unto them by vertue of an at of law preferred by Rutilivs Rufus, when he was (on/ul. If they were chofen by the fouldiersthem- felves in their camp,then were they called 7ribani fifethi, that is, Zrébunes fubltituted or put in the place of another. Whence we may conject, thatthe fouldiers were not pert qnitted to make anyelection,but in time of need, whentheic former Tribunes were taken from themby fome violent or unnatural] death. The laft fort called (Comitiati,werefo cale led becaufe they were chofen by the Roman aflembliescal- led in latin Comitia. They were termed 7ribant , becaufe at the firft infticution of them (whether we underftand the Confalar Tribwnes,or this latter fort} there were but three ofeach. In proceffe of time notwithftanding I finde the @Rofin, ant, number not only of thofe Con/ular Tribunes, © but of thofe lib,7.cap.20. other alfo to havc been increafed to fix , accordingly as the thoufands in a legion were multiplyed. Thefe latter fort of Tribanes,in refped of the military difcipline, which was — to fee the fouldiers being faulty to bee punifhed, wee ma englifh wnights @attiall: In refpect that their authority was over foot-men only, we may englifh them serfantg 9 aio}: only this difference there was, to every thoufand of foot- men in any legion, there wereas many military Tyi. bunes under their chiefe commander called /msperator, But in our Englith armies there is but one @ertant Waior, who alone under the L. Generali hath command over all the foot-men, be there never fo many thonfands. | Ca P. ; “For thefe three under the pretence of revenging Iw!.Ca/ar _hisdeath obtained chiefe power and authority for the {pace yes A ¢ nN va offive Yeares throughout Rome , P pretending that they pene de wottld fettle the commonwealth, which at that time by ™g Rom, ~ reafon of Jx/.Cefars death was-much out of order. Thofe 7P:*% | five yeares being expired,they refuted to refigne theirau- a thority,exercifing exceflivecruelty towardsalltheRomans = of what degree foever. 4 This kindeofgovernment remai-qSuct.O@ay, ned but ten yeares,neither ever were there any other then 4¥S-#p 272 thofe three above named. Theyhad powertoenat any is new law,to reverfe any former AG,withouttheconfentof — the Senate or Commons. They might profcribe and banifh — any Romanat their pleafure,and as oftenas weread de Trie amvirate imply without any adiundction,or de Triumsvirda tn Senatus legend: , we are tounderftand itof this, though — a fomeuponunfure groundsdoedifioynethem. = ae oe Cape ty; Geen) De Queftoribus eEvavis, Aas ™* HIS officeof the Quafors feemeth not unlike toa. | B publique Treafurer’s, which collecteth the fubfidies, cuftomes,mony, yearely revenewes,and all other paiments belonging to any {tate or corporation. And hence? gxoni. i ae am publica pecania quarende prepofiti erant , they took their Rone Bede iS name Quaftores: Sometimes they are called Quaffores che Ne Sirbani,to diftingnith them from the Provincial] Queftorss > aw, Bs 2 Which r Feneit, de see A wh Kid ae pSig.dejur,. Roml.z.c.8. ~~ g Rolin epi, Serum.Rem, ORG _g ea e ir by RUA 2 pe are called Queftores ararit,to diltinguith then ~ that were called Quaftores parricidis,or rerum capi ‘ which you may fee morein the trackide P they were called Qae/Pores ararii,to diftinguith th the Tribasi erarii,.i.thofe Martiall treafirers or | ty-treafurers,and {0 pay it to the fouldiers.. The office of thofe city-Treafurers ( then being at firft buttwo) wasta — . receive all thé city accounts; to disburfe at all occafions of $) an and, which did receive the fouldiers pay from the a ae publike expenfes ; to taRe an oath ofhim that the fouldiers — ~*~ had faluted by the name of /wperator,that he had truely in= _ formed the Senate both of the namber of enimies flaine, as al fo ofthe number of citizens lofts otherwife he might bar: the Emperour of his triumph. Moreover whatfoever fpoils were taken in war,they were delivered up unto thefe City: @reat Lreafure-houfe called eides Saturni. + a ae he iy . % Pige et Pie ar ee eirthads Keay Skt es HOP ee RR Ee fe pb ituse Ge DeTribunis Pleba, they were made Satton Lanta. Que/fors, and they felling them , laid up the moneyinthe — | him,he fhould not be liable unto indgement:Yononians illius featpe: 2 2 bap a ar ry Rofin.antig. Rage Seatac Loy d ee who becaufe they were atfirftchofenout of the Adixrary Sates cd © =f x t omp, Lets not permitted to come ito the Senate : but they fate ¢ Pigh.in fuo d Ronen, Rom.).7.¢.22 : e.Pigh. in fue “mon refuge or place of fixccour for all that would come; Tirannifug, - “neither was it lawfull for them to be abient cutofthe town one whole day throughout the yeare. " As se 'Goaceos 7 ae, Ne Aidilibus,& Prafetto annona, pe ND a fe ie rE may read of three forts of Roman Magiftrates Se aN | \ called e#idi/es, the two firt hadtheirnameab on hig eo he. adibins : we = fome have thought : 2 others {ay five: afterward (as itis Fae ae es yeelded by all writers )they increafed untoten : Theit an- .° Aare i a their charg aire Dott -_ plesand private dwelling-houfes which belonged unto th tity, The firlt fort were called Aidiles curules, a fella cur Gi,fromthe chaire of tlate , wherein it w aot sonbaly toride,and thefe were chofen fout of the Senators. . Paepaics ‘ cond fort were called e£ diles plebeit,and they wer aH batik | ay unto the formeratithe earneft {uit of the ommons,theybe- ing tobe chofen out of them. Where we muftnotethat oe they were not foadded,that both forts fhould rule at one & | ‘ +s Alot Gen thefelte fame time , & but that the Curnles fhould rule the - oo Git i c4, one yeare,and the Plebesi the other.TothefeeZidilesitdid = oe belong,befides the reparations of Temples & private hou- fes,to look nnto the weights and meafures in common {alee for they had power to examin Affiones redhibiterias;thatis, {uch a&tions , by vertue of which he thathad fold any core rupt or fophilticated wares , wasconftrained to take them _ - ggaine. Moreover they had the charge ofthe publike con ~ duitor water-conveiances , of provifion for folemne plaies.. .. &c, Ofthe third fortthere were alfotwo, whowere ina: +. Gen, manner Clarkes of the market : For unto them belonged - _ the looking unto the victuals foldin the market,and cornes Whence they were calledby them e4diles cerealés, and iby the Grecks dazgrsuor. This office,for ought that canbe collected out of thofe that treat of it,differeth butlitle from his, whom the Romans called Annona prafettum , only this, - es the e4:diles Cereales were Magiftratus ordinars,the Pree - RRofin.antig feltus et racrdinarius namely,*{ach as was chofen onl y in A738. time of extraordinary dearths: he having for that time lar- vee ger authority then thofe ordinary clarkes of the market.For asitappeareth by Rofnws inthe place now quoted,thisPre- he fettus bad power of himfe)fe to examine all fuch cafes or ~~. ‘queftionsas fhould arife touching the dearth: as fippofe the: hoarding of come, fore-ftalling the market, &c. | i Pighius in Soe {uo “ty rannif, 2 3 ie Be a td ¥ os Cax ; DeTrimmvire. | RRR Ad «he? MPS Efide that Trivmviratus Reip.conftituende , of which Hee ) BS we {pake before,there were divers kindes of Trivm= ae -viratus namely TeGammoies capita ,three high Sheriffs, who had the charge of prifons, and were to fee malefactors punifhed. For which purpofe eight ZiZorsdid attend thé. _ There were alfo! Trinmviri Minare three men, wee inay Alex.Gen, terme them Bankers, who had authority to pay out of the “ér.l.3.c 16. common Treafirie poore mens debts. Sometimes there | Wwereappointed fiveto this office, whence they were cal= © | " led alfo ™ Quing, viri Menfaris, both being called AZen(a> mi,Camerat; He ris from AZen/a,a table, whereon they told their mony, An- in orat. Cic. / pee other fort of Triwmviré there were appointed to preffe proFlacco, VJ fonldiers,whence they were called Taswio-vinrtonguirends a jauenes idoxeos ad armaferenda. Wee read alfo of certame eee Trinmvixi,which were clected.as chiefe captaines toguide, «- and conduct the peoplein tranfplantingColonies,& thence ae yn: rinmvirs colome deducende ; but fome= _ times for thie purpole they electedfeven ten, or twenty, & fo named them Duing, viri,Septemvirt, Decemviri, & Vie Wee oO! sae ae intiviri Colonia deducenda, 1 hree othetforts of Triamui. _iremain,which were officers of fmallaccount, as the Frs- wel qur orem pas _ umevivi monetales three Malters of the Mine, who thence _ Le t { : were called Triumviri, z EF that eturo,e4treens : 7 ‘ a . CE “T. o ay. to,-£re,Flando,F eriunda, forthey had the charge of coj= ning the mony. Secondly » “i “umouiri valetudinis, Three=. Pas 4 Peft.men, which were to overfee thofe that lay infe@ed- q with any contagious ficknefle. Thirdly,” 7riamviri nottur. n Alex.Gen: os wi three Bell-men which wereto ,walk the townat night, “tl.3.c. 1%." 7 ae geeeaiee i oat oy Oa Mecedap Ae Nr al De PrafeltiseErarit, A Ugufius Cafar defiring for the better fafety of the £3 City, to maintain many bands of fouldiers » which — >». ~ fhould alwaies be in readineffe for the defence of the City, - none | 3 pes eatha o defired of the City a yearely fubfidie for the fit vy of thofe fouldiers: but being denied it, heebuiltacertaine — /Treafure-houfe,which hecalled e4rarium militaresnhere . intohe caft his mony for himfelfe,and Tiberias, and proini- _ fed to doe fo every yeare, Afterward-when he faw the Treafury not to be enriched enough, either by that mone which himfelfe beftowed, or by the contributions ofothers — _ he appointed that the twentieth part of all inheritances and 4+... Tegacies (except it were to the next of the kinne , or to the a ae poore) fhould fall unto this Treafury. For the charge and _ cuftody hereofhe appointed three of thofefonldiers which _alwaies attended about him for the fafegard of his perfon, calling them Prefetlos irarisj * coor: tar oe ak Pak Cape 20. ee De Prafelto Pretorio, >» J LL Captaines and Governours to whom the tule of a- , & “ny army belonged, were in ancient time called ° Pree + pores: This word Pretor fignifying then three chiefe offi- _ oPancirolin | } hotitiamim cersamong the Romans: firlt a Confal,fecondly,a L.chiefe= per.orient.c.-s Inftice,thirdly,a L.General] in war ; all of them being cal- _ pPighius‘in. led 4Pretores,gaalt Praitores , quousam jure exercitn — Aquipct, | preibant, Antwerable to which threefold. exception , this compa’: word Pratorium hath three feverall fignifications : fome- times it fignifieth a Princes place or manour-houfe, fome- | times f - Pepitos nd onda” e ys Pw ee ee Ne hs ali Pr whom th Fr : Sylvie. ine ~ atil. 2. sirllsey a f = id , ak & ioopiiieg ene * : i ” Ef ; es = e Pike Se ieee ; oes <4 4 , Pee Le as fs a Veg ag : Jpg) 2 A edhe CPE icc is 7 ‘ Lae e Oe Pax ddvecatofilthe 0 oy E E OR therightunderftanding of this office, we mutt firk’ ' E- noteadifferencebetween thefe two words, -gRofin ant, molt verbatim tranflated out of ® Rofvus. To whichwee i19.6.24. > adde thisynamely that every Precen/uland Propretar did te of ees re ck ~— fnally ¢ Camerar, - pro L,Flacco. e Roman Ung trate eg ep ofea Lievtenant ficha ove as fhould be affitant x Pomp.Let, unto him in matters of government; whom they called Ze- de mag. Rom, _ gatum: fo that this word Legatus fignifieth three feverall ) | Magiftrates amonett the Remans,two whereof may be pro- y ved out of ySigonins:firlt that it fignified fuch a Lievetenant, , Sig.de jure or L.Deputy under a Proconful,or Proprator in a province ; prov. lac, 2. . fetondly,thacit fi :nified fucha one as is imployed in the de- livery of ameflage or embaffige from one Prince or State to ; another; we commonly call them Embafgadors. Laftly it fignified a Lievetenant or chief Captain in war, whofe place ‘was nextunder the L. Generall. His office at the firlt in- _ ftitution was not fo much to rule or command,as toaffis the 1. Generall in counfell; whence Polysizs commonly joy-. neth thefe two together, xpeoGur's G uléaue,that is, Lega= tos & ConGliarios, that the latter word might expound the former.Lipfde mil.Rom/.2.dial.11. Moreover every Pro- confuland Propretor had with them certain Treafurers cal- led Quaftores provinciales: Thefe provinciall Treafurers *were chofen by the Roman people commonly,namely tach 39: de jure a number as the number of provinces did require. After the pzoy, he 3. election,they between themfelves did calt lots who fhould goeunto the one,whountothe other provinces: b fomrimes 4 Sigon,ibid. extracrdinarily by vertue of {peciall act or decree, this or that {peciall man hath obtained his or that province without any lottery. By the way we mutt note, that all Provinciall Queffors could not becalled Progueffors,asall Provinciall — @N “Confuls and Pratorswere called Proconfules and Propratoe ves:°For thefe only were called proguaftores, which did fuc- ceed thefe provinciall Qze/fors, when they diieitherdie , 7 re : k : - ys. ¢,Rofin,ane, in their office,or depart out of the Province, no fucceflor be- 30 | pus Ing expected ftom Rome: at which times it was lawfull for... °°" "y the Proconful or Proprator to choofe his Progueffor Moreo- ver there were befide thefe Legati & Quaftores other mie 4 Sig. de jure litary officers,fuch as are the Tribzni militum, Centuriones, Provel.2, ¢.2» Pra fetti,Decuriones together with other inferionr officers, as their Secretaries, Bayliffs,Cryers, Serjants, and firch like, ‘ Aa LIB. Zo # aGetlius. | ps Ba 2 SEDER 2. SEC Tose Of che Roman Punifhments.. a 7 CAP. Te Supplicia, Multta, Lex eLteria, T arpeia, Ego eo : "i unum. ovem multtam dico, tc. Ouching the military punifhment, whickr =\helonged to military difcipline, it fhall bee treated of in it’s proper place. Here only of % the City difcjpline , andthe uftiall punith-- “gp ments exercifed therein, which we may di-- ‘© vide thus.Panifhments publickly inflicted: on malefactors are either Pecentary mults, or Corporal prs mfbmentsthe Pecumary muléts were of two forts:cither an: appointed {umm of mony wastequired of the party. guilty,.. & then it was called 17#/éta:or his whole eltate was feafed. on,and then it was termed a. onfi/cation of his goods. The- Aul& was twofold,the one termed Alita /uprema,the o- a. ther A¢uléta minima.©Ofboth thefle *Gellius writeth rhus:/¢- " prema mullla erat duarum ovium,@& triginta Goum, pro copia: {cilicerboum,& pennria ovinms [ed cum eufmodi muléta Deca: _ceris,armentig, amagiftratibus ditla erat, adigebantur boves: sve/G, alias previj parvi,alias majoris cag, res faciebatinagua- hema. maulite punitionena,idesrco poftea lege eLteria conffiturs: Ris aa eesbalat nigh. 2 See ET ie Sc aene e rT unt in Ove fingulas aris deni,inboves aris centeni: Minima ) malta fuit ovis unins Moreover as he odferveth in the fame place , whenfoever the Magiltrate did fet a fine or me _.. mulétuipon the offenders head, he ufedthe word Ovisin é a the Mafculine gender,as Ego ei unum ovem multium. dico, a — @&c. The law which Gediw calleth Ateriam legem:> Feftus q Eeftus im a calleth degem Y arpeians, becaufe Aterins enacted it, when voce peculasy he was Colleague or fellow-Confull with 7 arperws, Like- | wife wee may take notice of the clemency ufed inthofe — | ; times. It was provided by the law, that fecing there was Se greater plenty of Oxen then of fheep & to be finedan Oxe, | q was not fo muchas to be fineda fheep,therefore the Magi- | - ftrate pronouncing the fine ¢Bovem primus quam Ovem nomi- cP.intib. 18, a maret ut innote/ceretRomants mitiores {emper penas placuiffe. ee a . \ Ce | | lib.3, cap. 5% / - y & | Capitis diminutio,maxima, media, minima, Aqua, o . | _ Lgni interdict. Profcriptio, Lata fuga, Depore : : 2). tatio, mesyedpe.suriteverys Cararit, In : ae | | erariosrelati, Religatio, Lanis eg : cum tintinnabulis, . 7 | ie corporall punifhments are either fuch as were (ae a pital, depriving a manof his life: or Castigatory, {uch 4 | @érrections as ferved for the humbling and reforming of the © offender,or for the deftroying of him. ( apitall punifhments a were fometimes taken in a civill acception, for the loffe of : | freedome, which the Romans called capitis diminutionem, pose | -Disfranchifing,becavfe in every Free-man thus disfranchi- i” | fed,one head of the corporation wasas it were Cut offs - + fometimes it is taken for the lofle of ones life, and this they called Oltimum [upplicium., Thor disfranchifing called Cae itis diminutio,wastthrecfold,Alaxima, Media, Minima. dRofin. ant. The lealt degree was,when the Cen/ors pulled a man froma !ib-9.cap.3- Aa 2 a | | | ees fatshisanfwer Was, Qaoniam ego,inquit,mecurosequam Sta~ a tins meus ferwus Diminutio media, Wwasan exilement out of eg Camerar.in the City, without the lofi¢ofones freedome:8 It wascom- ‘Srat. Cic, pro monly fet down in this form of words: 7 thi aqua’ 12N8 ine / Muren, rerdico.Andit feemeth by } Celins Rhodiginus tobeall one — bCee.Rhod. with that kind of banifhment,which the Kemans called pros liber §.68P-17» (ey joréo,though it Canot be denied, bur that Proferipras {ome ‘ times fgnificth only fucha one, whote goods are fet at fale: NEE - to (atisfy his creditors, becanfe he will not appeare in the Nava Court:the form thereof is thus, The creditors having obtai- oe ned leave of the Lond ciytefe-Fullice to proceed inthis man- we - ner,they cOmitted the ordering of the fale to one principal Creditor, and he was called fimply 2fagifter, and he inthe namectall the reft folemnly proclaimed in the ehief places - Rofin.ant. ofthe cityin forme as followeth, Me debitor-nofter in cinf~ Ube gcapt2. y odi¢aufa offut bona ejus divendidebcant, nos treditores pa | trimoniam ejusdifrabimus quicung, emere volet, aacfto, But for he reconciling of both opinions, we may terme the firft jo te Proferiptioncm hominemsthe other Profcriptionem bo.. i -noxum: we dittinction being not obferved, breedetha great: confufion in the Authours that treat of this punifhment and: hea ee becaufe: ~ generall being forbidden him. Thofé punifhments thar dee eboth were performed by folemn and publique pro- ons.hence the name J r0/eriptzo agreed as well tothe ods confifcated, as to the perfons banifhed : according to. — at, k 2 uontam eorum nomina in publico {cribebantur, hinc £Fs.Maturig _ -proferibi dicebantur. Hence the! Grecéans uted not only the Puilip.orat 5. Word wesledgersbut all cyasld exy,totignily the act of profers. iSudes in’ ption, becaule they wrot ina publique pillar the fanles and VOCE sane offences of fuchas were thus banifhed. But to proceed wich- out farcher digreffion. Diminutio maxima was the lofleboth of the city,and the freedome;and this I take robaghe bane Which in other times was calléd Lata fucaor Deportatio. namely a perpetual exilement: all fanding in oppofition to - that other kind of banifiment, called Re/egatio, which was the exilement “only fora{feafon, happily for 5 yeares &c.fee + 4 tae tautod C”.Rhod h6.10,¢.5.though I deny not bat thatdata fuga was edicum qua- focalled not only inrefpect of the duration of time, itbein g visimmitte aperpetuall banifhment, but alfo in regard oi the places fo Minaxqs At genetally prohi. i:ed,™ for he that was thus banifhed, was Pee 8 . . f . Be 7 i - i tyed and limited to one peculiar country, all other places in jene fuits | : ace Quippe rela~ prived of life in ordinary ufe,and of whichthere is molt fre. gatus, non quent mention in Roman Authors, are thefe which follow, xu! dicor in Furca, rux,carecr,culeus,Equlens:de rupeT arpeiadejetio, oe He ig Scale,Gemonia;T unica, Damnatio in gladium, ta ludum, ack ys beftias: In general] we are to note, that the execution was m Tholofan? without the gates of the city, to prevér the noylomnes web (ynzag: fur, us, foch abundance cf blood might oceafion, * for which reafon iverl. ib. 31. the executioner dwele without the city. Likewife thofe 7 PluCal that were adjudged todeath,whe they went to the placecf execation,a certain litle bell was tyed about thé, that by the , rue found thereof , the peopic might beware of touching Mehb arco. condemned perfon,becanfe the very touch of him was cous oPlaot.pheed, ted akind of pollution:this 7 arnebes obferveth out of Zo. |. 3. | ST erAPnh a call -.7 Rofin. ans ° : rm P a ft} 4 A Pp v4 - 1 yr as: and from hence the executioners are calied P Lang yib.10,¢, ‘ 4m tiutinnabulis, Ang for this reafon 7 it was, thata litle A3 bell n adypaes ‘ano, tO a then plucking him behinde, and bidding Vee: Apo: back,ufing this forme of words, * Refpice poff te, be ers" wsemento te, thar is, Sir look behind you, remembe your — RS felfe to be buta man.'For the fight of the feourge and bell ferved to put him in mind, that notwithftanding his Sh a triumph and acclamations,his after-mifeties might be fuch,” ~ that he might be clasts not tonly with whips, but even ty | death. sites. . Cap. 10. \ : ; Fuvea, Furctfer, Supplicium more ar. _Majorum, settee. : A Neient authours which doe write of the Roman furca doe rather mention it, then explainit , butif we dili- gently obferve what they {peake of it, we fhall finde the ufe thereof to have been three-fold. The firft ignominious, alfider. o11g. y hich @ was when the matter forced the fervant for {mall bb. ve offences furcam circa urbem ferre , to carty this furca up- on his fhoulders about the city, confeffing his fault, and ad- y Plutarch. i monifhing others to beware of the like offence, and ®hence Cotiol, —“fych a fervant was afterward called furcifer,& here 1 think was ule of thofe stimndi or goades, whereof I fhall fpeake _ more in the chapter following;namély that when the party thus to be punifhed dragged back, and fhewed himfelfe un- willingly ,then did the executioner prick him seh with thefe kinde of goades. The fecond fort was penal], when the party having the furea on his neck, was led up and downe the Cirque,or fome publique place, and on the way to be ¢ Bpind Livii. Whipt but not unto death © thus C. Aarieuts damnatus fub : ee sshb.6, furca din virgis Calis Cres & Sf ‘Gis numo ventit. He was | | “ after- - ae Rs as a , OUI STaras ay oi il ios i Da ae Nog Sesh N: A dares ty Se a Gy Se NSS par Sean Ree Oe ard eS ee An eee Ste ee ore BRS. nts is nder the p deorsya tying the party toaftake,or polt, and allo pactywors, a whipping,in both which it agreed with the former punith- ment; yethereinthey differed, becanfe in the former they | were whipped todeath,in the latter they were after their whipping beheaded with an axe, as appeareth by the ¢ exe- . non ny eution of Antigonus the King of the Tewes. Buttoproceed 45, in: the defcription of the furcz,the forme thereofI taketo Me be like the beame of a wayne unto which the yoakesare a faftned; it refemblethaforke,and the furca is called Edney: a Nar8y Siuphy rd Sveeov,td eff lignum duplex, bicornutum, cemi- - num,in englifha forked piece of timbers; there is no fuch | 4 piece through the whole wayne,as the forme of wayne is ; | in thefe times, but onely the beam thereof. f Plutarch treae foes a J Pla Gee riOl. eall furca: now He/ychius defcribeth sterypa tO be 7 dbx pi 8 ane? Gare YS eh yy, thatis, the forked piece rc) Yy>w wasadeath thatcommonly fervants werefentenced unto, .. feldome times free-men, whence it is many times noted ont “b Vid, Lipf. by the name of fervile /uppliciumby Tacitm: yer® fome- decrucelib.te times free-men,though of the bafer fort, and for notorious bes I Reus offences were adjadged to this kind of death: nay aclear ex- - sh ‘ ample hereof we have in that * Guardian which Galba crue a cified, for poyfoning his ward, for the Guardian calling for the benefit of the law, & avouching in his plea, That he was a Roman citizen: Galbaas ifhe would allay his punifhment ‘with fome comfort & honour, commanded thecrofle alrea~ dy made tobe changed, and another tobe reared far higter then the ordinary, and the fame laidover with a.white co- lour. Thofe which were thus to be punifhed,they bore the'r @ Plat. de fera crofleupon their fhoulders to the place of execution. t Azz. ‘naminis vind. lefici cum ad [applicium educuntur quilG [uams effert erucem, aa! “< k Artemidorusis as plain, tome 78 ¢ b cavers Sundry 06 worray CrUce st. 2.6.5 mesmnaeus Wes Tee orev Casu%e, that is, The crofle is like .. + tnto death,'and he which was tobe crucified did firlt beare e it. The party that fuftered this kinde of death was firft trip. Woe | : giteses i bins Lie sith ee Pa ee pee TY eee eee ee SS ee fae at aed e 2 ¥e : a8 y 7 a AP: fined. untothe crofle and that commonly wirhnailes, the iba $5 Greek word. gesainascleérely evincethas nach, wee way render it C/avifixio, Now that the equity of the proceeding, tight clearly appeare tothe people, the canfe of his punifh--, __ | “ment was written incapicall letters , hence ™ Dio focaketh ” Yd lipsde _ of afervant drae’dto the crofles:e yecuud-roy pled cdifay ie Teale Cathe Suvardoasduréyrwy, that is, with letcers declaring the caufe of his death. This infcription was called aijia, Matth.r 737 It was alfocalled cira@-;Jobn.1 9.19. from the latin word té- zelus wied in the fame fenfe.Andfometimes éhyzaed i ai- gia, Mar. y§.26.0r imply émlcagh, Luc. 23.38." Lertullian » Apol.cat fe & © Suetonius calleth it cloginm, The like kind of publ: fing ¢Suet.ia Cale thecanfe, either by an inicription, or by the voice ofacom- — mon ctier._was net unufuall in other capitall punifhments, as Attalus the Martyr was led aboutthe Amphitheatre,aax@- ery aerdroil@s én 6 txeyean70 pousust, Ge ir Aands & rere: pHuleb. cecl, _anes.i. A table being carried before. , in which it was written hilt.lb, 5.¢, 1, 1 ja Latine,T ha ts Attalus the Chriftian, That of 4 Swetonins- | not muchunlike,Patrem familias detrattum ¢ fpeStacults in micapo, | arenam,canibus objeci*,cum boc titulo ,Impie locutus Parmus darius. Whatis meant inthis place by Paterfamilias & Par- woularius hath been already declared inthe chapter of Fen. fers:Moreover fuch as were to be crucified, they were alfo | whipt before they fullered. Thatfame horrendum carmen cleerely evinceth as mach; the parts whereof are two: Firft, * Uerberaintra aut extra pomerinm: Secondly , Aréore infe- dici fufpendito. This whipping was fometimes /%b furca , for this ¢ Valerius is plain, (um fervum [uum verberibus mulfla- + Valer. M 2 r Liv. lib. x. tum [ub furca ad (upplicium egiffet: fometimes, ad columuam. \.1.c.7, Ax, .e-rtemidorus is cleate in EIS, Greate Sele wonc aeiee ae wanjesthatis , being tied to the pillar, hee received many ’ ftripes, Happily £P/aurusalludeth to the fame, f Plant. Bate, 1 == ef bducite hune ! | fairo.atg, adftringite ad colamnam fortiter, | | _ Bb mi sae all his cloathes , for he faffered : naked : then. was hee! Artimed, - : & ? fr a. 7 * 4 Sucton,Do. ) : -#Prudentius Yea theancient ¢ Fathers fay that our bleffe e anole thus whipt:touching the place or manner the Scripture is fi- Sa JF" lent,only that he was whipt it teftifieth ,-€¢ that with feour- Ce Ges. T8y 3 leCHy ocayanrvoces mapediares ine cavgod}, dat 2.9.26. ie : ‘This fore-whipping I take to bee amatterunqueltionable, —y-.s ® but that they fhould be whipt on the way towards the place ~ ,. of execution, much doubt,much more that they fhould bee ek . goaded onthe way with pricks and goads by the executio- ww Plaur.Mil, ner. That there was" fimulenm [upplicium ,a kinde of pu- 2.6. ~ nifhment with pricks and goades is evident,and hence com= meth that phrafe Stilo fodere,and hence that other phrafe fs . “Kicking aqaing the potckes : Parallell to which is that of Plaut.Truc.4.2, Stimulos pagniscadere. But this kinde of punifhment I take to have been exercifed only by Mafters towards civill fervants,and thatnotas preparatory todeath, but for their reformation in future times: whence by way of contempt, a fervant thushandled was termed. Carwifics. num cribrum,becaufe he had his back fo boared with thofe- | pricking inftruments,that it looked likea fieve full of holes: ; Otherwife,if we underftand it asa punifhment impofed by co publike authority, we may fay,that th ereby is denoted acer- taine punifhment, exercifed towards theeves in time of their examination, that by the pricking and goading of then. *Coel Rhod. she truth might beconfeffed,* for tothat end theeves were age thus tortured,and thence were they called (extrozes , frony ae xin Soy Stimulus, Laltly , wee mult remember that thefe three words Furca, Crux,and Patibelum , are many times ufed promifcuoufly,fignifying the whole croffeon which malefi Gorsfuffered,t ut in {trict propriety of fpeech; Furca fignifi- eth that forked ialtrument of which wee treated in the for- mer Chapter: Crax ; that erect part of the croffe ftanding: upright: and Patibulam , the thwart piece of timber upon the top of the crofle: yet fometimes alfo Patibulum istaken: for the Roman Furca, whence Patibulatus and Furcifer are ufed as words equivalent. and in Doth tenfes it may borrow ey NGS a Plaut. Mok, 4.1, 1, _ of timbe - upon top of the croffe: fo were they likewife {pred - 2] ' PON a ‘ : 7 2 us “ CSPOT OSE Ser RP Pr EET RS PUNE 1 ARS a Cn MBS ON MON ey On Merle eG Hn LS _ forkedendsthereof. _proper and peculiar to theMafter of the fervant, without ap- | TZallianum, the other Rebar: befides many other roomes NPG AM faftned to the thwart piece abread under the Fvrca,his two hands being tied to thetwe ; Oe 25. fe Career, Ergaftulum,T ulianum,Roburs : | Mala manfio,Nervus,( ollum- bar, Numella,Cedex. - YY Owfcever Carcer and Ergaftulum are ufed promifcus oufly by medern writers, yet if wee diligently enquire into each words origination , and how they have beene ufed _bymoreancient Authors, wee thall finde them thus diffe- renced : Ergaftulum was a prifon much refembling our houfe of Coprection,into which fervants only were calt:Car- ceramore publique prifon, unto which men of better rank and fafhion upon iuft occafion were committed. Secondly, eae the power of fentencing any fervant to the Ergaftulum,was a probation frem publique authority , but the power of com- D 5 mitting to the prifon called Carcer , was onely inthe pube. a—— i, q lique Magiftrate: Thirdly, Ergaftu/um took away onely the iberty and pleafure of life: (’arcer life it {elfe.. The word earcer hath his name 4 coercendo , from reftrainingmenof _ their liberty. *It had two principall parts, the orie called 45'8-d¢ jude wherein men werekept clofe prifoners , thofe two places. wereaffigned for execution. Inthat which they called the J nlkanum (we may englith it Dungeon )they ftrangled ma- al lefaCtors bIt had itsname from serving T ubins a Romanking & Sigubis. the firft inventer & author thereof. Of this Sa/uf? wriveth, Eft locus in Carcere quod Tulliianum appellatur ,ubi panla= BO2 tim ? r ee oo Cae Ban tale prs ayaa sie eat . io Ma “‘pim afcenderis ad lavam circiter duodecim nou [iss cxi70 mauninnt undid, parictes, ard, infu fornicibus inntta fed meulta tencbris odie fada,atd,terribi sae wits facies ef.in thatother place which they called comm ePlau.por. ly Robur ,fometimes*® Rebuflus Codex ,fometimes 4 ( afte § +3: 7 ry oO eae Cc f ols 4 y a 4 Plow, porn. dia lignea{ametiines ¢ /talum robur , ( our englifh phrafe fg firong holo fitly anfweretlvit) they broke malefactors necks ¢ Hor.lib,2. bya kind of precipitation or tumbling them headlong ffroa@ od.13.. certain tock ofa tree fafined there in the earth ; unto this — fTuraeb,adv. Fully aludeth , Qusro fregeris net carcere cervices 1hé ipfe — ms SN Bas ay Vettio: But more exprefly Plautus & At ego faciam vos am~ sey R fos, bos in robuflo carcere ut pereatis 31 hofe that had the chiete o- b Valer.1.3. verfightin fuchexecutious were called Tyinmoiri capirales, that is high obertfs. The whole proceeding isfet downe by | Valerius,» AMalierem damnatam Pretor Triumvironcecanda in carcere tradidit,quam receptam is quicuftodia pracrat, mi~ fericordid motus nonprotinus flrangulavit ,aditam etiam filie dedit fed diligenter execu ffa,ne quid fibi inferretexiftiman fan DB tarum, ut inediA confumerctur,cxm verb-animadvertiffet filie am matrem lathis [ui prafidio [ustentantem ,rem ad Trivavi- rum.Triumvir ad Pratorem;Prator ad confilinmpudicum pers tulit,c& remiffionens mulieriimpetravie.1tis much controver= fed anong interpreters, what that kinde of punifhment was. hs __which they termed AZalam manfionem, wee may englifhic litle eafe. Some undérfland herebya certain deep dungeon, nadeinthe form of s pitor well, called therefore m Latine ) putens but thisas it f cemeth bythat of Péaweus,wasa punifh- § Plau,Aulul. ment proper and peculiar totheevifh Cookes: * Cogws Alte: 2.5% fiulerun t comprehendite,vincite,werberate, in puteum condite.. ; Othersunderlland hereby aclofe prifon, which becaufe of its Rraightnefle & clofenes they callediarcam,a chef: the ufe- bas of this-prifon, was fer the fafe keeping of fach who were af- terward tobeexamined of farther matters; though fome- Stes times other offenders were caftinto the fame, Of thefe pri- Pais fons Ty focaketh.§ Subi@abrepts in queftioncm,tamen fea a Beeline dy sera oA : Tet sl . ‘tin, thas it iscommonly rendred in Latine, bur the Greck "Of the Roman Punifbments, rs atur a cateris. CH in arcas comitinntur,ue quis cum hiscol aqui peffit. Another kind of prifon there was called Sextri- Word Is cecipleov s and: accordingly * Twrachus renders it See'g Tam adv; fertium,being of opinionthat it wasfocailed from the quan 3.0.18." tity of pround it contained, namely two acresand ahalf: C, KRhodiginus thinketh that Spoltarinm and Sext itium were not places unlike,but herein not he alone, but divers others have been deceived: for Sextritium is apparently ablice of b execution, where thofe were executed whom the Roman i Didkaithetn Emperoursadjudged to death:now whether thatS poliarium Galba, Werea place of,punifhment I much doubt. Wharin Latine wecall Spotiarivm,that the Greeks termed xady s/c." both doé fignity primarily litle cels cr chambersnecré adjoyning: tothe bath ,wherefuchas wathed themfelves Jaid up their cloathes:Ina borrowed fenfe both are ufed to fienify cham- bers and cells adjoyning neere unto the Amptitheatre or fencing place,wherein the fencersdid put up their cloathes in time of fight , and becanfe fuchas wcre wounded in fight wete carried into thofe chambers, where they languifhing . with much pain,at la{t notwith{tanding expired for the molt ; part, & that not without much torturing of the Chyrurgion, hence fach a @pittle-houle isalfocalled Spodiariem. Thus : bias “ ae s c sipaelt s ‘ ca much Seneca feemeth to intimate , Nunquid aliquem tam ~ P94 ry y : oF lari pea De fpoliario, eupidum vita putas utjegulariin Sholiario.quam in-arena mas Vid. LipfSaty bie? Whereby itappeareth,that Spoliarivm was nota prifon, 148. - unto which malefactors were judged, but rather asI faida kinde of Spittie-honle. Other kinde of punifhments, there wereofa neet likeneffe with imprifonments , as cafting in- to the pillory, laying one by theheeles, &c. Of thefe litleis. fpoken more then the very names;of this fort thofe that doe d Vid. Taube moft comenly occur in authors, are thefe. Nervus, Collzbar, ae Plaw, Numella, Codex. Mervug is generally thought to refembie ae : ; : e Vids our Stocks. ¢Some take it tobe made of wood, others of 7 Ge Dla wyion,* Nervsn appellameua ferrenm vinceelum , quo pedes inte Avluig. 10» de’, fi? Bb 3 } Cainntae pediuntur: quanquam Plantus co etiam vinciri T wo of the laft feem to have fome refer Ce _ Pillory s (elembar haditsname from Codum, becan oa neck was chiefly painted in this kinde of punifhment.Na- « Turneb, ad- ella wasalfoa kinde of {pillozy being fo called quafi ® Nu- veri l23.c.21 e/a,quod qui co vinculo conjerstts erant, nuere demiffog, capite eA effe cogebantur, Codex wasa certainblock or Clog, fotied unto the Malefactors,thar they ufed it asa fteole to fit on:the ufc of this may feeme to have been onely in private hontes, thereby to keep evill fervants the clofer to their worke, of this Fuvenad {peaketh, Sar,2. . , aTurneb,ib. Horridaquale facit refidens incodice pellex, © Tyrne= bus defcribeth it thus, ( odex eft ligneus ftipes , quem allegaté fervi qui deliquerant trahebant, cig, infidebant vinth. Earp. 6. Culeus. He crime which in Latine we call Parrécidinm, is mur aN der practifed byFather or Mother towards the children or by the children towards either ofthe parents. It had in — old times alarger exception, fignifying any murder between man and man,and then it was called Parricidivm , guia par oe: parem occiderat. The word taken in his firftand proper fig- — pCic.pro' — nifieation,denoted a fat fo unnaturall ; that neither P Selon “Sext.Rolcio por Romulus would determine any punifhment againft fach offenders, becaufe they thought nonefo wicked as to com- mit it, andthe prohibition it felfe might prove a kinde of © irritation to provokefome to the commiffion of the crime, which otherwife would never have entred into their hearts:but the wickednefle of the aftertimes,enforced Law- givers to invent a fharp punifhment again{t fuch unnaturall q Senec.lid- 5. fences. The punifhment decreed again{t Parricides in 4 Se- -controy, 4,in Gace necaesage,was , thatfuch malefacors fhould bee fowedup | ‘in gy Luvenab ret: 4 SOG Ae Ep Se Nite ef Cg Bags , as =; @ @ o a Q. & "Ss hee is} et = 7 wm ry oO a fe) so =< (an) Qu ty 2 o IN wey y ot © 1a fs oO ot ra > Lew } est > a ~ ° 5 er a. a a') "Go Bot) z Rhod, libres ee be polluted, wherewith all other pollutionsin their opinion, » bic, pro . were expiated, Sext.Rofte CAP. 7- Eculens, Lamina Fugule,Fidicule onisuis. — | Celeushad its derivation from Equus ,. quafi Equle- us, as may be collected from that defcription which ¢Turnebus giveth: But not fomuch from the pofiture or fituation of the offendersbodyon the engine as Turucbus would have it,for he in no wife refembled a man on-horfe- back,but rather from the horfing or hoifing up of the party faltned with ropes untothe Zquw/lews, fo-that his hands being tied fait at theupper part of the engine, and his feetat the neather part, hee was hoyfed up in the ayre like unto-one faltnedon a croffe. The formof the €gzlews I conceivethus,. — Tt wasnonone entire (take , but rather two long: peeees of timber ioyned together in form of a take, ioyned toge:her I fay,by the meanes of a vice or crue; and the reafon hereof was that by help of this {crue , the upper part of the engine _, might belifted up tothe racking and torturing of the male-- |. factor,or let down to the eafingand remitting of his paines as fhould{cem-good to the executioner , or other ge : ee ¢ Turneb, ade a ver(l 4, coe, in hope ofa confeffion. For in the firft inft end of thistorture was to work out the k . . truth, Neither did they alone rack rae parties ic kind of punifhment,but to enforce himunto a conféflion by _ an augmentation of his paine,they did often with hot plates _ and yron pinfets , burneand teare his Alefh from hisfides,and all this we fhall finde warranted by 4 Sigonias,whofe words I have written downat large, Eculeus catafta fuit lignea,co= chleata,ad intendendum ac remittendum apta, at, ad torquena dos homines ut fatti veritas cliceretur taftituta,T ormenti vero cu 8 genus erathuinfmodi,ubi catafte huic brachia pede/g, Clits, gat | . torquendns eratjnervis quibufdam,que fidtcule dicebantur al- ligaverant,tum catastaintenta arg. in altum eretla, ut exeo quafiex cruce quadam mifer illependeret , primum compagem ipjams offizm illins divellebant , deinde candentibus eiufdem corporilaminis admott,atd, bifulcis ungulis ferress Lateribus laniatis doloris acerbitatem agebant, And thus wee {ee what the ule ofthofe Lamineand Vingule were 5 namely that they _ . werenotfeverall torments of themfelves, but adiunéts to ~_ “ he kas fi iby ts Ltihs lan tots ee a PR Lk ake See SAE E ey tar OF Gent DED, \ 7 ewe t extam. This giveth light to t) oes ave Tunica punire molefta, a Et Tertulad =! Tertedianal{o mentioneth itin this fenfesT< Martyr, added two other punifhmentsufually infli@ted Bye « int is Dammnatio in gladium, A condemning one intoa fence« wa Vid. Lipf, Satura,l.2.¢ 3 2 Lip{ Satur, a hac. 22, ned perfon was to fight for hislife. ™ ( apitotinuscaileth it Ad gladii ludim deputationem: But Vi lpian as" Lipfius elf{ee that was ad gladium damnatus , was either prefently putto death, or clfe at farcheft within the compaffeof an yeare : but - he that was damnatusin ludum, hadnot death fo rem pto~ ily fentécedupon him;if he {caped the danger ofthofe pub- 4 like prizes,& alwaies gorthe upper-hand of his adverfaries; at three yeares end,he receaved-the Rudem,or wand which was a token ofdifcharge front thofe bloody combats syeaat five yearesend,he received the Pilewm , or cap, which was q rfecond fort was Damnatioad beftias’, acondemning ofa man ere “to fight for his lite with beafts,as with Bearés, Leopards, Li- @Alex.ab A+ ons,&c. The perfonsthus condemned were termed ° Be/fi: tex l.3.05. grii, A memorable example thereof wee have inacertaine PAGELLS. Rowan fervant called Androclus, P who havingrun from his A y ° mafter lived ina wilderneffe, and whiles he refted himfelfe ay, --inaden,there came ficrce Lion unto him, meaning & Stice ming neerer and neerer unto him , and laying his foot on the the man perceived he plucked out the fiump and gave him what cafehe could. Afterward this fugitive beingappre- ichoole,there to be trained up in the art of fencing, untill . - fome publike prizes were plaidyat what time fachaconden= = _ where obferveth,differenceth thefe two phrafes thus : Hee - token of his enfranchifement or freedame in the city, The ving becaufe of a{tump of a tree whiah fuck fattin his foot : eAndrocive at firlt began to be afitighted , but the Lion come _ - gans lap, intimated his defire of help from him, which when hended , at | : f la ~ tameand familiar fawning onthim,whereupon the fpecators admired, and underftanding the former paflages betweene _ Androclus andthe Lion,theyreleafed the fervant and freed — him frombispurifhment. Where wee muftnotethatthis, _ pardon was extraordinary: 4 for ufually ifany fo condemned 7HSalmuth, happened to overthrow a beaft or two Yet was he not there: Pancirol. de _ bydifcharged, but was to encounter with othersuntill hee Nees | were killed. Yea it was very{eldome that the man could prevaile againit the beaft,on the contrary one Lion hath pre- - vailed againit two hundred men; according to that, ' Precla- ; - vaadilitassunusleo ducenti beftiarti, By which we fee many * Cicis orat.- men one after another did thus fight with beafts at the fame Pko athe: LE Stas oti | fSuid.in voce meeting: yea the £Grecéans,called {uch as{ucceeded the firfty aie A Ese QED 0950: combatants é9édpu-,the Apottle S. Pa#/ calleth them BOTH 1.Cor.4ug becanfe they were referved untill the lalt. * TertwMian rea- uv Tercul. lode deth that place in this fenfe, and the words themfelves en- pudicit, force as much:for what fhall we underltand by séeSoyerepiSy= | pia, outthe veryf{pectacle or fhew itfelfe, and what by a3: SeSey,;which fignifieth properly Offendse ,but an allufionto =~ him who was the chiefe author and exhibiter of thefe bloo- _ | dy {pectacles unto the people. ¢ Lépfus hath paralleld that ¢ LipfSacur. phrafe of Tully, Oftendere munus with that of S wetonins pro» lib2.cap. 18, ponere munus both fignityingthe fetting forthorbeftowing = the fight of {uch mafteries, and fightings. And that it was no - unutuall kinde of Martyrdome in times of the primitive -Charch;thus to expofe holy men to the fury and rage of wild bealts,appeareth by the example of J¢natius , wiio rejoyced to be grownd betweene the teeth of wild beaftssthathe _ might be found pure bread: Whole words were * Frumen- peace rum {um (brifti,c& per dentes beftiarum molor, ut mundus paa heer % . rd _ wis Deiinveniar: yea the word EmSuvarius, ortiaddifos, tt.Buleb.hit | helpeththis interpretation : the word intimateth that there Bccl.3.c. 33. di 5 | Cc2 was” Fe ; Shae ‘The cuftome being in the morning toc r mel oy Suet, Claud beafts. but thofetga7? which remained till goon "034 = were therefore called Meridians , were committe - gdin{t other, and that without any defenfive weapons, with: {words in one hand cutting , and withthe other hand being ~ empty,grafping and tearing cach others fieth, fo that *Sene= qSenec.ep.7. ea {peaking of this,comparing it with that former fighting ~_. a . withbeafts.faith , Qicquid ante pugnatum eft , wifericordia fut. ; alee is Car. 9. ‘ | ; Ergaftulum, Ergaftula inferipta. Piftrinum, Damnariin ‘ eAntliam, Metallum, Infcripts. Stigmatict, Literati. Virge Flagella.T alio, 2 Ble fate and condition of fervants was variousand diffes ring among the Romans in old time,but ofall they were moft miferable who lived in prifon. Whence thofe that were ordinarilyimployed in thefe priion fervices,they were either fuch fervants as were bought for that purpofe, or fuch as for notorious crimes were adjudged thereuntoin way of punifhment,whence the word Ergaftulum is juftly derived from the Greek gp 7aloua: beeanfe it 1s rms & 6 or deoua) Ep se.ov):lecus in qao vintti operantur For evenin the day time when they werefent forth to work they had fhackles and bolts about their legs to prevent their {capes or running a- way,though not fo big as thofe into which they were caftat ) night when they returned into prifon. Their fetters or bolts A ae are oftentimes in ancient writers ( peradventure from the v forme of their links) termed e-Zumuli,and themfelves faid to. have pedes e-4nnulatos, They had alfo their foreheads mar= ’ ked or burned with fome letters of infamy, which is the rea= . pr fon of Juvenals Epitneton, In/eripta Ergastula, lites ratiorem. er Sometimes befides the diferace there was alfo toilefome paines,asappeared by their Erga/Pula; & fometimes to their paines ftripes added : though J deny not,'but that many times,correction with{tripes was a preparation for death ie {elfe. This correction by {tripes was twofold , eitherit was _ Verberatio,or Flagellatio : the firt was with roddes called — : — Unge | ha Rue gre i Pg Lee ¥ i coe rea 7 ihe + Horacealfo intimating the fervile condition of Afeva faith: * ae a } termed (eorpioves. The cruelty of the f2ourges was fuch that | its hie mifericors flagella retalit, fervile , fothat Freemen were — Vigan arily exem mmemjasappearcth; = = as, Gy eae: + oe, A tke ee Wl g : Abit 3 ; —mTer, Ade fe 4 ——m Ad necem operire lorts,Sann Loris iber? mTer, Adelgy . * 2 Epod. Od, __ whoformerly I trantlated sherifs , becaufe to them belon- ged the overfight of this punifhment. Exffathiw calleth * them aseeraaazas udsrress td eff, Flagra alaria, few taxillata, becaufe to augment the paines, they did ufually inthefe {courges tye certain hucklebones or plummets of lead at the end of the whip-cords or thongs, and fuch fcourges they _ they many times diedunder them. Thushave we generally | ae briefly touched the more ufuall punifhments. But fome- pyolofin fy, times wrongsdone between party and party,were punithed juruniverf, with a retaliation of the fame kinde: according to that, Arilzr tooth for atooth, and aneyefor aneye. And thiskindeofpus nifhing wascalled T4lio, Y et we are to Know thata fimple en retaliation fuch as is termed Talio Pythagorsca, was not al- ; swaies exacted; but fometimes fatis faction might be wrought wes by acommutation‘of the punifament. ° Reus babuit facnira. 0 A.GelL. the tem paci(cendi, Gvion necelfe habuit pati talionem , nifi cam et elegiffer. 1t were endlefle to {peak of all their punifhments, | and happily not worth the labour, their very names being fafficient comments to explain them. As &ffoffo oculoruns, Amputatiomanuum,Crurifraginum,T alifragsam,& fuch like, tek: ELT Be nae Seeigeagesgecpeng 2gesecc es Sgesecke2Sgaser Se? PELEEEEPIEPIEE SET FE EPE SS PEGE LIB.3. SECT 4) Of the Romans Lawes, Car -bFr.Sylv in 7s. Aving fpoken of the civill Magifttates, and ell y* punifhmept; we will now allo defcend un- GN xe, KZ to thecivill law: where firlt we will notea. lg 2 mong other differences between Jus and ee Sipe? Lex principally thefe ; Firlt, Lex fignifieth : eee ae Laie only the Law , but a Jus fignifieth alfo that veel place,wherefoever the Law or Iuftice wasadminiftred : nor Li only if ic wereadminiltred out of the Tribunalin the Comi. #o,or great hall of Inftice, which was termed bythe Law. yers, Agere pro Ti ribunali:butalfo if it were adminiltred ina private houfe or in ones Journey, fothatit were by alawfull Magifirate,and out of the curule chaire; and this was termed | by the Lawyers e4geFe de Plano: andhence is it, that 2s jus vocare fignifieth fo cite one into the Soute. Secondly, Lex,fignifieth only the written Law, but 7 fignifieth equi- ty, fo that Jus permaneat femper nec anqnam muthur: Ley orat, pro Mil, vero fcripta fepivs, Notwithftanding thefe two words are Bose ufed promifcuoufly one for the other ,and thereforeleaving _ : all curious differences between thofe words ( whether the — a plaate: Ap sih ledge satel bd esd | —_werecalled Leges 12.rabularum:or laftiy they were fuchas luft.|.s.ep.ar. _ the (on/fuls,the Tribuni plebss,and {uch Magiftratesdid pre- : ee ferre, whence every feverall law bore the nameof him or = ¢@ them that preferred it.My purpofeistoexplaineonelythis = latter fort,and that not all of them, but fich alone as I have obfervedin Z #4, and that chiefly in his Orations. My pro-. ceeding fhall bee firlt to fhew the divers kindes of Iudges _ ments; and then to defcend unto thelawes themlelves, bes ginning with thofe which hall concern theRomaz religion, ee coke and then proceeding to the others,whichconcern thecom=- nit A . mon-wealth, OR ATER ga | | Gar. 2. iti De Lure publico & private, 2 | ie cafes to be decided by the law were either pub- dSig.de jure ' | __& likeor private, and accordingly were the judgements Rom,lib.2. ‘| = Avelprivata,inquibus ius [uum privatus quilG, perfeque- 18. : batur: vel publica, in quibus iniuria qua reip. fatta erat vine Aicabatur, The private (as we obferved before) belonged i | unto the ‘Pretori urbano & peregrino,that issthe L.chief Ia- Ay ood ih 2S) d § — ftices,who did either give judgemencthemfelves,andthen & | were they faid zadicare,or they didappoint others tofitin = ) | judgement,and ¢ then were they {aid Iudicium dare: in the ¢ Sig. de. jud, i § abfence of the Pretors there were ten called decemviri Stls- \.t.c.7. | wn |. tibus indicandz, i.e. £/uper lites indicandas,who inthe fame f Rofin. ant, ¢ | mannerasthe Pretor, mighteither give judgement them- 7:29" _ | | ] dharma, fe Poe ae gu & Alex. Gen, «) § —felves,or appoint others, for they were even in Sone place 3... 1. 616 | . te 3 ee Ga a ee ee on eet mae ee ae dier.], 1,0, 4% 8 ae | | : 6 7 A Wi ity. > ‘i iy ; ; Vf AS Ve ‘ . ; ‘ & ‘ Kae y ~ \ i a) Lape ee, ee ee Ca petro eichh 2 RON MRNAS (op eR a Po eg cae T+ oS ys Tm aarmrt ofd g e : es atid intlead of Prators, Thofe wh hei the Decemviri did appoint to debate the cafes | “bPet.Ramus. Were taken out of the Centunevirs, that is, out of -* in am delege Commniffioners cholen for that pur pofe;namély three outo — Agrare every Tribe or ward;fothat in all, thenumbcrofthem a=. . ih mounted unto an hundred and five; butin'round reckoning an they went for an hundred; and from a cettaine fpeare that | was wont tobe erected up in token of thiscourt,hence was sSig.detud, the‘courtcalled cither Pretoria Decemviralss, or Cestam= luc. 28, wiralis bafta. infome cafes their forme of acqnitrance was. o k Sig.de jue. thus.i Secunda illum litem do,whence Tully faith quo minws ree fecundim cos lis déeturjnon recufamnssthat ts, We doe not dé= at ~ Quint, Ro- 2 sbutt ley may be acquitted, 1: rofe that were cat i their fie, Hit, were laid; hete, ver Camsa cadere. 1 he publicke cafes be= | longed ordinarily(except the confals,the Senate,or the peo-= : ple did interpofe their authority janto thofe whom we cal- bia eae led Praetores Quefitores.Some have thoughtthemtobethe ~ ARE” fame withthole,whom Rofizus calleth Iudices Quaftionune and that I think not altogether upon unfure grounds: firft becaufe moft of thefe publique cafes which they termed sSig.dejud. Ovaefiones , had their ®feverall Prerers to enquire them, da 2aCodp whence they were called Queftores,& may in my opinion be called Jadices queftion# {pecially {ecing that thofe we® _. ‘would havethem:be different officers, canhot well thew _. the differences of theirioffices, Now'as the Vrban Praror- had an hundred Commiffionersunder him:{o had thefe Pra- oSig.de jud, #eres Quefitores certaine ludges chofen °by the Virbah; or 1, 2.6.6, forreigne Pretor when he took his oath:and that not accor= ding to his pleafure asmany ashe would,cr whom he would but fometimes more,fometimes fewer.fometimes only ont of the Sendtors,fometimes onely ont of the order of Roman Gentlemen; fometimes out of both, fometimes alfo out Sixibid. Of other ordets,Paccordingas the law appointed, which of- p Sig.ibid. # ee ne 4 degrees: Sig, de jur.. tentites varied in thofe points. The Indges how great foe~ Roml2.cr8. ver the number was, twere called Ludices i die nce in the a » icrefo ? x he _ very law, itisnotfomuchfor the proofe of thelaw,asto " | fignify thathe inthat place maketh mention thereof. For | the proofe ofthe lawesI referrethe Reader to Rofimusand | __ Sigonins:touching the expofitions, my marginal] quotations i hae doe prove fufficient. : oh agli | Cap. 3. De legibusveligionum fpettantibws, Fis L: Papirins Trib. Pleb. cftablifhed a law touching the Cin ses ie | confecration or hallowing of places, that it fhould be ~'“P tone _ unlawfull for any to confecrate cither houfes, grounds, al- tars,or any other things Jsj#ffu plebis,that is, without the . > nieces ee » Without the Ved Comitia Tributa,which determination was alwaies ter- | med Diehifestum: ss sti Ree? Rofcia lex. | L.Rofeius Otho Trib Pleb, preferred a law, that whereas heretofore the Roman Gentlemen did ftand promifcuoufly Ci Philip, 2:, with the commons at their theatrall fhewes, now there fhould be fourteen benches orfeats built for thole Romar ‘Gentlemen which were worth H.S. quadragiuta, that is about 3 125!.0f our Englifh mony.As for other Gentlemen whofe fubftanee was under the rate,they had a certain place | allotted themby themfelves, with a punifhment impofed upon them,if they offered to.come into any of thofe foure- itech benchess =66 ia“ i$SséSsDD dL 2 poo ae y citation from any of the Pretors,togive ¢ Courtuponthe dayappointed bythe - = e manner how they did proceed intheit loweth in the expofition of one of the Laws, fore I will refer the Reader thither.Onely lething. e way underftand, that whereas 7/7 is quoted in e- rmination of the Roman people intheir aflembliescal- ~ E Muren, - Me ae er i ao Ree * tem, pro + Here muft wenote that this character HS. ftan: filver coynein Rome called Sefertins , andisby Rof fines in this place improperly ufed for Sefertium,For Ae Aer Fr. Matur. H,S.is byour Printers falfe printed, the truecharater*™be- inPhilips 2 ing L. L. S. fignifying das tibras (asthe two L.L. doe inti- _ : mate ) and stig bt which is intimated by the lecterS, yy Where if Liéradoth fignify nomore thenthe Roman coyn : = A “ag called A.S.then isthis opinion touching thecharacter.L.L$, eniaits eafy tobeconfirmed.For diversauthors frendring a reafon oe of the nameSeftertins fay it was focalled quafi Semitertinus, that is fuch a coyn as containeth Duos /olidos affes & femif~= fem. This Seffertizs, was {uch acommon coyn among the 3 a pavese Romans, ‘that Nemmusand Seftertins became at length one pt aed tobeutfed for the other; " AdiHe huinf{modt [eftertit vel num : dorphius in mifaciunt unum feftertinm in neutro gencre , C conficiunt Werrin, 5m. plus minus viginti guingue corona. According to which rate,juadraginta feftertia anounteth to 3125: and every particular /efertizs isaccording tothis rate, in value three halfe-pence farthing 9. WR e >». And here we may fitly obferve the art of numbring by " thefe Sefferces,wS confiltethin three rules. Firft, if the nut» ~ 4merall or word that denoteth the number be'a noune adje- étive agreeing in cafe,gender & niiber with the fubfantive feftertias thenit fignifieth precifely fo many /e/fertis:for ex- ample fake;Decem fefferty doe fignify fo many times #1, 04 g*q. Secondly, if the numerall being an adjective, and of a different cafe, be joyned with Se/fertivm in the genitive veafe'plurall, then doth ic note fo many. thoufand S¢/fertii: _. -For.example, Decem feftertiam fignifieth ten times 7! 163 "094, Thirdly,ifthe namerall joyned with /effertivm bee an adverb, then ic fignifyeth fo many hundred thoufand feffer- rij,ex, gra: Decies feftertium doe fignify ten hundred times — 7! 168 34. Yea the numerall being an adverb, is fometimes put fimply by it felfe ,. without the addition of any other ‘word tofignify in the fame manner, the genitive cafe /efer= | | bam "Uk 7 conceiving hereof, x mplemaybe t thus fet downe, a ee > K10.Seffertios\ of Gong! 10! 6d be a C gages = 0078 02. 6.0 @ ' flertinum, Co S 7SAr0- f entena | © ls J < arg 3 | ogrz2 10; OG.) 68 Siete L fee ; haa apt ne ~~ Clodia lex, 7 sract gd iret ” publins Cledins Trib.Pleb, made a law, by verteer canal ea: of the Prieft called Peffinuntius facerdos (trom the place Cis pro Sexry . where hee did firft exercife thofe holy rites in the honour ce ee a of the mother Goddeffe) fhould be deprived of his Prieft- sy eahea hs : hood, andthe Temple builtin thehonourofthis Goddele 9° pad bebeftowed upon Brotigarus, of Gallo Grbia its | : | -\ Demitia lex, ee | C 1 Domivins Abenobardus Trib Pleb oridtted: xg dusthat Cie a ‘he Colledges of Priefts fhould not asthey were wont, ad- mit whom they would into the order of Prieft-hood , butit Sere fhould be in the power of people. And becaufe it was cons — pert hea trary to theirreligion, that‘Church-dignities fhould be be- ee Aaa _ ftowed by the common people,hence did he ordain, that the woe Jeffer part of the people,namely feaventeen Tribes fhould _ eel ele& whom they thought fit,and afterward he fhouldhave = sis his confirmation or admiffion from the Colledge. . Lev tncerti nomins de vacatione facerdotum. ~ Cicero inhis Orations mentioneth a law (not naming the author thereof)whereby the Priefts were priviledged from | their fervice in all wars,except only in uproares or civill-tu- | | sults; sand thefe priviledges were termed Vacationes, © xB. Latomus. | | | in 1 Philip. 50. Dd 3 < AP. $y tt ‘Agean x, Cic Philip, 8; & pre Font. - ae wey © by = De civitate, & j#Ve civinw Rom, | 3 WET # ae tig ares he dl . By RM x Pays ; ~ apy ad ee \ Fareialendecivitate, = Cic. snd M Forcius Trib, Pleb. eftablithed a Law, ‘that ne & fepe alias, | eMagiftrate fhould beat any Koman Citizen with rods. | Cic.proClu- | Lex Sempronia, ite entio, &fzPp¢ OC Sempronins Gracchus Trib pleb preferred a law where- — ca by he difabled the Magiftrate from punifhing any Reman | Citizen,cither with rods,or with his axe,that1s,with deaths - without the allowance of the people, Secondly,by vertueof this law, ifany Magiftrate did condemn any Roman Citizen Inditté causd,he fhould beliable to thejudgement and cen= 3 , fure of the people. A third clanfe to this law was, Ne guss ne oinet, conveniret, quo quis judicio publico circumveniretur ue t | savdornnceday —Tndithi causa. He was faid tobe condemned causa inditi. {4.4 ., which was condemned before he had fpoken tor himfe] , D ccimsl nae Although Y Zndicere pro non aicere, ficwt & invidere pro now Kirio. widera vix reperiatur ,tamen inditlum e& invifum,pro non di @ Fr.Sylv.in Eo ch non vifo fape reperiunter, x They were properly faid erat. proClu- Cgire, which did work tunder-hand againft a man, that he oer Ceamerer, Nght be condemned; we may tranflate it in this place,to_ . sora. Cic, Contpire.* The verb Circumvento doth commonly fignify pro L.Flacco, as much as (Circum/iribo, to deceive orc t one:but in this #Fr.Syly.in place to opprefle one with falfe judgement, procured by _ orat, proClue bribery or confederacy. — | | . Balb Lex Papia de peregrints, f Cipro Bab. she priviledgesof the Roman Citizens became fo great, that almolt all the inhabitants of the confederate nations, would forfake their owne dwellings,and ufe meanes to bee come free denifonsin the Roman City; infomuch that the - Embaffadours.of the Allies, and aflociates, did grieve >i fA } patty partis | * that a oreion dbe expelled out red by Afar: Iunins P exnns:the fecond ‘a ae y frafjus, and Q.Mutins Scavola. ne — Servilia lex de civitate. oe OM 7? ees 1. ws Latinus, | Here we willobferve with ¢ Sigonins, gSigide ju, ____ thatthe Latine people were notalwaies called Latini & I- Teallte¢.ae 9 | balici: fed & foci > Latimi footie foesi nominis Latini, fecti nomeng, Latinnm,c& {ocii ab nomine Latino, & foci ne we |» Sylvanus & Carbobeing Tribuni-Pl.preferred a law, #t Cis. pro Ak -quifaderatis civitaribus adfcripti e(fent.fitumyciem tex feres chia batur,in Italia domicilium habuiffenr, acfexaginta dicbusa= | 5 | pad pratorem profeffi effenr;cives Romuni effent, — '«, Adferipti. | Por the rightunderftanding hereof we mult 9 note that there were two forts of Citizens; fomeloives wars, dFs.Sylvin | 9 that is, Citizens by birth, others civitare donatsthatis, Cini. orat. pro lege . | zensby donation,or gift:who becanfethey wereaddedun- Mam - | | to,and regiltred- with the firkt fort of Citizens, were'thence galled Adfcripti vives. ‘ « Profelfiapud pratorem. This verb profiteriis fometimes y S Comitiale verbum, and fignifiethas much as profiteri no. e P.Ramus iy men, that is, to render ones nameunto a Magiltratezand this Z iat ee conltraction itbeareth in this place. a ‘ Si yew Y | Lex Corneliade Municiptis. eas | Y ad i | £.Cornelins Syila preferred a law, that all Municipal Te- Hf ftates fhould loofe their freedome in the Roman city, and eee « i. | alfo.their priviledge of having commonsin the Remsaz field, ™”* | ao : Gebia ch & | acta! oe : hie 2 Oe eS ERR VER I a ee ‘ 2 ii ! : sé a.¢ = es Rept i: Uae | {. Delegibns ad comitia Spettantibus. eit yf med. $ cAAlia lex. €. hae be i Cic. multisia elias Petus asked a law in time of his Confal- , losis. | @fhip, #t quoties cum populo ageretur, that is, as often asany Reman Magiftrate did affemble the people togive _ their voyces,the Azgures fhould obferve fignes and tokens _ inthe firmament , and the Magiftrate fhould have power obnunciandi, & snterdicends, that is, to gainfay and hinder their proceedings. is BS. inca Wan aay fAgel.i.13. > Ageretur cum populo. |Here we may note the difference Rae: ices between thefe two phrates, Agerecum populo,and Ageread | populwm:f He was faid Agere ad poplin whofoever made: cake « any fpeechor Oration unto the people,and this might bee ane ek done upon any day a sae y. But aie __ ek faid- Sa | — agicum popzlo,whent ¢ people were a emble to the gi- afl ent ae of tec ces by alawfull Magiftrate,and the people apa were toninied what their opinion was in the matter pros a ee de pofed: and this could not be done 8 but upon one of thofe Wer.dicr,ratio. dayes which they called Dies Comttiales. | | ‘ne ad finem. Fufia lex, — t~ Ovid. Fait, Pub. Furins five Fufins Philus, being Con/ul ordained a / Ciein {uiso- Jaw that upon fome certain dayes, although they Were dies Rats [RPC es chat is, Leet-dayes, yet no Magiftrate fhould fammon. an aflembly. it | MES) a : 4 4 Clonje ~-been formerly fhewne: whence both-this, and all other - _Jawestending to this purpofe havebeen called Leges tabel daria. : kha is he is pS a LINN Re Ei a no Sa ek OR acai) a Se ak ie ame Ue rae Pt * Clodialex. ats - " P .Clodins Trib, Pl. abrogated both thofe former lawes, Sie, pra Sent, | “making it unlawfull to obferve fignes and tokens in the hea- -vens,upon thofe daies when the Roman people were tobee ~_affembled: And fecondly,making it lawful to affemble the peopleupon any Leet-day whatfoever. penmemeren 8 ee. | Cabins lon Cie, de leg. At firft, for many yeares the Roman People in their af- femblies did fafttage Viva voce: at whichtime many of the inferiour fort,gave their voices contrary to their wills,feas * _ fing the difpleafure of thofe that were of higher place. For the better helpin this point ,.Gabinias asked a law, that the eople inall their elections might not fuffrage Uiva voce, ut by giving up certaine tablets,the manner whereof hath | Caffia lex. Cic.in Lelie, After Gabinius,Caffius a\{o preferred a law,that both the . - _ “Tudges in their judgements , and the people in their affem-™ . bliesfhould fuffrage by rendring fuch tablets: "but this is to 4 Rofin.ane be underftood onely of thofe aflemblies by wardscalled Co. b8.c.3; mitia Tributa; wherein they treated of muléts and merce- 3 Caliales. é Calin Trib, Pl. chablithed alaw, that not only in muldts cic, 3.de lend and mercements, butalfo (peberccthonte iuaicie that is, in. a taintments of treafon again{t any perfon of ftate( namely fach. as were facro fantti) or againtt the common-weale, this Ta- bellary liberty fhould have place’, «when thé people fhould’ _ judge thereof. ) Ln perduellionts jud. | i This word perdvells doth fignifie? CeeliusSec. an enimie unto the ftate, a traitour ; and hence commeth this Sane oan word perduellia,ficnifying not only the crime of treafon, but I Sig,de jud, the punifhmentalfodue thereunto,*5i crimen quod erat gra-\ib,3.c.3. ¢ oe oh) 4 ,nempe intminute empemortis, et al eeteapina lean lity a CP apiris Carke Trib, Pi.perlwaded that elections.but in the propofall of their lawesaHo , this: >>, © gingby tablets (hould be ofed.,::.. ¢-) <9 ia — Cicamultis. in ee Semmosialet: ) lecis, =O Sermpronius Gracchus Trib.P leb, preferred a law , tha ee a ha: ea Se oe the Affociats of Latium fhould haveas great right of . . « ging,asthe Roman Citizens. ? te wnt | Manilialee. Oe Chic. proMur.. C.ALanilius Trib Pl.preferred alaw; that all thofe who were Lidertint,in what Tribe or Ward foever, fhould have _ the right of {uffraging, | Bh a ic . » Cap. 6. De Senatu ce: Senatoribus: PR yt, CNRS Claudia lex, ~ : oe: Cic,Vertin.7 Claudius Trib.P leb. perfwaded alaw that no Se. | _ nator or Senators father, fhonld have any fhippe, — «which fkould containe above three hundred of thofe meafirescalled Amphore, deeming that fufficient for the tranfportation of their corn from the Roman field. Se- conde this law the Senators were forbidden theufe of — | trading. : | . | fAlex.Gen, , Amphora,’| Alexander Neopolit. obferveth two forts of dicr.1,2.c.20, thefe meafirres,namely Amphora Pralcacontaining two Vr- nds and, Amphora Atticacontaining three Vrnas: every Vrna contained two gallonsand a pottle, This in probability is ae ~ underftood of the Jealian e4mphora. Sic. Philip.t. — Tultia bere, | | La When asa cuftome had growne, that many of the Sena. tors haying by {peciallfavour obtained Libcram legationent, ; | | upon > Enea ate } ol Ce Of the Roman lawes. ==> ag ~_ wponall occafions weld abufe that their authority , procu- ring thereby their private gaine ,and the incréafe of their own honour , then 44. Tullius Cic. being Confull laboured quite to take away thefe kindes of embaflages, which though SAV ah io Wiehe ba tas dee i 2 aia ae eal a a bis % TAs RY Gennes Sr ie sae he could not ¢ffect,yet thus far he prevailed; that whereas _ _ in former times this Libera /egatio being once obtained, was néver ( notthrough a mans whole life ) taken from him a- gainzyet afterward this authority fhould never begrantedto - any longer then the {pace of one yeare. Legatio Libera, | Wee may obferve inancient Authours three feverall kindes of embaflages: The one, which is a mef- ‘fage fent from the Princé or chiefe governours of one coun- . try unto another, and that is exprefied commonly by this one _ word Legatio,withoutany addition thereunto ; fometimes itis called Legatio mandata. The fecond, which is whenone ‘putchafeth the titleof an Embafladour, thereby the more honourably to performe fome vow made, whence it was called Legatio votiva. The third isthe office or title of an Embafladonr,eranted upon fpeciall favourunto a Senatour, that he might with the greater authority profecute his pri- vate {uitsin law ,or gather up his debts in that Province - whither he went: this lat was termed Legario ivera, All three forts are briefly touched by ™ Toxérta, CaP. 7: | De Masgiftratibus. uch as would follow himin thecivill warre, fhould mM, T oxitz in orat, Phil, / i lies Syla being Dittator, made a law, that af] Cis. in Pilon, | ¢ -becapeable of any office or magiftracy before they came unto their full yeares. A fecond part of this law was, that the children of {uch as were pro/éripzé , {hould be made uncapable of the Roman Magiftracies, | | SAG 4 Bol lic: 3. Before efore Z id alaw,wher Agcar.2, < Profcriptiwere {uch perfons as were banifhed. Forthe — - fallerunderftanding , looke Profcription in the tra& of pu- _ nifhments. Jalins (far did contrary tothis law, Admifit ad — honores & profcriptorum liberos,Sueton Tal, 4t. Cic.Phil.13. a i Hircia lex. ay aR a A, Hircius made a law,that all thofe that followed Pome. - -'pey,fhould be made uncapable ofall places of office.» he ! Cornelia lev. CORSO Re L, Cornelius Sylla finding the Pratores,that is,the L.chief* - Iuftices not to give fentence alwaies according to equity, “yea fometimes to goe quite contrary:to their own Edict, made a law,that every L.chiefe Iuftice fhould adminitter ju- ftice according tothat his firft Edi@, hanged up at the begin- ning of his office. And addition unto this. law was , that the L.chiefee-Iuftice fhould notbeabfent out of the City above - tendaies.. sus ap) Lies ae : OA1A LEX. | 7 sida ae In former times it was law full for either of the Cex/ors: ~ tocenfure whom he pleated ,and how he pleafed, except his. fellow Cenfors did plainly gain-fay it , and make oppolition - therein. But many abufing this their authority, P, Clodiss ‘Trib Pismade alaw,that the Cenfors fhould not over-skj p any in their election of Senators; neither flrould they brand any with difgrace , except fuch as had been accufed unto | them,and been ction by Plone? both. n Oaleria lex! bili) ig The office of'a Dictator at the firlt inftitution continued bug fix months fpace,untill L,Calerins Flacews being Inter : re. Cie, Phil,22° ime a re ceaostin did vel | by him, clip the anthority ofthe Trib PLaifilling thine of bearing any office after the ex- @ ration neh their Tribunefhip,taking away their authority of preferring laws,of fing any folemnefpeech, ot publikeora- aay tion untothe people,of hearing appeales, ofhindringany tae Ba 2 rdecrce tending to the hurt ofthe populacy. Pea L0G ae aR | i: ap beg i 4 ia : Cutilia Didia Jews ea ie Colius Mipatind Titus Didius being Confuts ae oe pro dom. Hp I *bad that Pw rogatione,that is, in one and the fame bill “#4 pie many things fhould be propofed unto the people ; leaft by that meanes , the people by granting the whole bill , might "grant fomething which they would not, or in denying the ~ whole bill, might deny fome particular claufe , which byie _ felfe they would have accepted. Moreover thefetwo con. - 4h _ fuels ordained,that beforealaw fhouldbe askedintheafem- == ~*~ _ blies it fhould be promulged,that is, hanged up to the eile view ofthe people three market daies. i Luma Lacinia lex de trinundino;. bea | Gc, Phin 5s oe | Danius Silanus.and L.Licinims Murana being Conlills ¢ es 7 flablithed that law of Cecilins ad Didius »annexing a more 1} fevere punifhment for the breakers thereof. 3 | 0 | Clodia lex de interceffione, Cie pro Sext,. P.lodius Trib. Pt, madea law, that the Trib. Pi, thould | have fullanthority and power to propofe Lawes; neither 4) ghould they behindred by the Interceffion,that i,gain-faying | oad of anys Ale oy ly. Oe ne Ri » Be 3 Licinia: + ee ys oe a : Cicpto domo. 0 LiciniaeEbatialer, —fuaad pontiff. Licensing and eEbatins being Trib. 3 "| any preferred a law touching the overfight , the ch: 7 eure of any bufineffe in hand; neither he,nor ahy fe cer with him,nor anyallied unto him fhould have thisover. fight,or chargecommittedtohim.» © = 7 | e CA T.. 9. j | mi ‘ fy %y +i: De Provincis., | aes i | me . ree liaes , Sempronia de Provinciu. Cic.de ptov. C Sempronius Gracchus Trib. Pleb. ordained , that the confularibus . \_se Senate every yearebefore the election of their Con- fuss fhouldasitfeemed beft to them, appoint out what Pro- poe vinces the Confuls now tobe elected, fhould after the expi- sation of their office goe unto; for which Provincesafter- | ward the Confils defigned fhould calt lots. Another claufe to this law was , that, whereas in former times bya decree from the Senate, it was lawfull for the 7 riéznes tohinder ey the Roman affemblies , hence forward they fhould have no a authority, — 3 rae ne be, CorneliadeProvinciu. ae | L.Cornetius Syllabeing Dictator, preferreda law, thag — ~ whofoever went intoa Province cum imperio , tamdin illud imperiune rctineret quoad in urbemreverfus effet : whereas in \ ~ former times his rule and government was-to be refigned at the expiration ofa fet time appointed : yeaalthough no fice ceflor were fent,yet couldhenot continue there cum impe. _ rio without anew commifiion. A claufé added unto this law oy was,thatafterthe comming ofany new PrefidentorGover- pSig.de jure Nour into the Province,the old Provinciall Prefident fhould Prov,],3.c.13 depart withinthirty daics 7 . _q Sig ejutd. - £4 dial erick bus bite, : ma ag. Effecumimperio. \thatis ,P exercitns preeffe 4 vel habere jus admihftrandi,& fats anfpicits gerenat belli, | we ee nt 3 Tite @ Roman lawes, os. ae Se) eke Titia lex de Provincia, | mi + Titius,or(as* {ome fay)Decsas preferred alaw, thatthe = | °... Provinciall Treafurers called Queftores,fiould calt lots for Cic-pro.L. _ their Provinces: whence T#//yin the Oration now quoted shy tan@h.in ‘inferreth, that although Offia being the better Province fell orat, pro Mu- * upon Servins Sulpitivs, yetinasmuch as it fell LegeTitia,rena, thitis,bycaiting lots , he could notthereforechallengeany —_ . fuperiorityabove L.Aurana, fed itrinfg, nomen coufedit in —— Qua ftura that is,their fame and renown was equall in their Quastorfoip. ‘ Tulialex de Provsnciis. M84 CIalius (afar cftablifhed two laws touching the Roman Cic.Phil te Provinces: one that no Pretor fhould govern a Province a- _ bove twelve months; nor Provonful above two yeare . The feverall heads or claufes ofhisfecond lawcould not all bee found out,but thofe which haveeome to light are thefe.Firft - that e4ehata,Theffalia,and all Grecia fhould be free; nei- ther fhould any Roman Magiltrate fitin ‘judgement in thofe provinces (céc.pro domo% Secondly , that the Provincial] gos vernours and their Comtes , that is, affiftants , or attendants .\ fhould have hay,and all other neceffaries provided them on | the way,by thofe Townesand Villages through which they pafled.( Cic.ix Pifon.) Thirdly that the Provincial] Magiftats at their departure, fhould leavea book of their accounts in _. two Cities of their Province , andlikewife fhould fenda » copy of their accounts unto the Roman Treafure-houfe. - (f t¢.in Pifon. ) Fourthly , thar it fhould neither bee lawfull for the people tobeftow, nor for the Provinciall Magiftrace to receive Aurum coronariumyuniefieit were in atriumph. —« (Cic.in Pifox. ) Lattly, that it fhould bee unlaw full for the Provincial] Magiftrate without the allowance of the people or the Senate,to depart out of their Province , to lead forth _ anyarmy to wage war, er to goe into any forrainecountry. (icin Pifon.) is ‘a Lipldemag Asramtoron. \There wasa eaftome among the Romans Rom.l;s.c.9. in ae f in times of victory to. prefentunto the L.¢ ae to ghGold. infteed whereof the after-ages pre eC - taine {imme of money,which was thence called 4 “ decapietb, ia sip sacl 1 Vatiniade Provinetiz.. ose eae ee on Cicpro Balb, PVatinins Trib pleb. procured alaw, that Jxlius Cafar — 7 — _ fhould have the governmentof Gallia Crfalpina & Lllyricum _ for five yeares {pace, without any decree from the Senate,or — cafting lots. Secondly, that they alfo fhould goe as Legates,or _ L.Deputies unto Ce/ar, without any decree from the Senate’ __ whofoever were nominated in that law. Thirdly, that Ce/ar . *. fhould receive mony out of thecommon Tréafire-honfe tos : _ ‘wards having an army. Laftly,that he fhould tranfplanta Co- lonyuntoacertaine towne of Ci/a/pina Galia,.called Novos COWMUM.. ; ae ‘ a Le eee ClodiadeProvinctis, 8 8 8 - ‘CicproDe- P.Clodiasbeing Trib.Pleb, procured alaw , that the 20. M0, wernment of Syria,Babylon and Perfia fhould be committed | | to Gabinius, the government of Muocedonia,Achaia,T heffae ~~ Gia, Gracia,rnd all Boésia fhould be committedunto Fifa: & a they fhouldreceivetogecher withanarmy,moneyoutofthe common Treafury towardstheirjourney, ~ == 3 t - es tea Clodia altera de Cypro, - a ‘Cicipro Sex _ P.C/odins preferredanother law , that the and C prus fhonld be made a province. That Prolomews the king o Cy- pres fitting in his purple, with his fcepter 8 other his prince. Jy ornaments, Praconio publice (ubjiceretun,e» cum bonis om. nibus publicaretur that is,fhould himfelfe with all his goods - _ befold byacommoncryer,. That 42, Cato being then Trea furer,caen jere Pratorio ,adjetio etiam Quaftore 5 having b commiffion the office ofa L-chief Iuftice , and another Trea- furer toaccompany him, fhould be fent into the HandCy- a prus both tomake faleof the kings goods and eftate, andale _ fo to bring back the mony. Laftly, it was decreed by this law ,that thofe. who lived in exilement at Byzantium , being condemned — ert MP te Ramm 8 vght back gSigde jure - Bal.j.2, €. 3 b Cig, pre SEXE, ¢ Sig, de jur, Krall. 2.c.2. €icin Rul. “i 6 Titus S empronins Gracchus Trib MP leb, p eda law which’ forbadj:that any of the Romns fhould have to his line CP Outed Oe eee } r 4 . : ee es ¥ 5 a De Legibus cAgrarsis, Ataginb: The lawes were termed Leges eA grarke, which did -- concerne the divifion of the publick, or common fields: And thefe were either given by Romulus and other Kings; ertaken from the enimies, or from private men which had made inclofures;.or laftly boughtout of the common Trea- fury, * Wade Sigon. HATA? SPO B iat! ORL! + Bes oes) wal Semprontalex Agraria — 4 LY eit own part above five hundredacres ofthe common fields,the one halfe ofiwhich it was lawfull forhis fonne to enjoy. If it had: fo: happened ‘that‘any fhould -enlarge thefe common — q fields.thtee fiarvatyers called the ¢ Triumviri agro dividendo, did marke out which was:common;'which private ground. Moréover it was by this:-law provided, ‘that the mony of King 4ttalus who madethe peopleot Rome his heire might Taco ae be beftowed-upon thofe citizens, whith had by thislaw ob- tained a partof the common.fields, tothe baying of inftro- ments for husbandry. Moreover thatthe Kings lands fhould = be farmed outata ferrent by the (es/orsy whence an yeare- ly tributefhould be paidto the people, ae sito! as ie ftormedia Wengys ees Sees § DL Cornélias Sylka being Dictator referred law, thatfall a the fields of thofe Romans which he had banifhed fhould be + common. ‘This ‘publication is to be underftood chiefly of thofe fieldsin Thu/cia, neare unto the city Volater, andthe city Fefula, which grounds Syla divided amongft his foule dicrs. | apt ete aa. = Cap. ‘ Re i cd CM eA Dl ge ME ee he’ er PCN a. Seek hele Bey asl bees bees 4 Wik acate- gh Zo a me ee | Sigg ie eae Oe a i a ‘ Pe 82 7 eines Star dD see WRAP ELC og | Lion did SNEWS ae FE SAT OT | 4 ie m PROTA s ‘ ee 7 ‘ 4 van wo De frumentariis legibus. _ & ‘ aoeateeiua xe 1Sempronta lex. Fc Aen "T* Sempronius Gracchus being Tribune of the Com: «.. oro $ re # mons, provided that a certaine quantity of corne © * hia) fhould monthly bee given unto the poorer fort at a Tow price, Semiffe & trientes' that is, about fix pence’ farthing abufhell. Hereupon was therea place appointed in Rome, for the keeping of this common corne,together with certain laweshanged up there called leges frumentarie. This place ane was called * HorreaSempronia. The quantity of corne laidup .Rognane in every city for this purpofeis by the latter Lawyers ter- lib... 21. med Canonzas Canon Alexandrinus, Canon urbis Rome, Gt. eae ; vide Stuck. dé conviv. lib. .ca Cae eet Ste g EE RS Ao M a - Semiffe & triente.. | [tappeareth by thenextlaw, that Se- : miffis in this place mutt fignify the fame as /esis aris doth cdaiberebs we may note,that /emiffis doth not alwaies fignify the halfe partof the Roman cayne called e4s, but fometime it fignifieth a greater coyne valuing almoftvgur fixpence. | : ‘ e" Clodia lex. 3 P..Cledsus Trib .P?-ordained, that that corn which hereto- - fore was fold to the poore /enis aris & trientibus in fingules modios, that is,for fixpence farthing a bufhell, fhould hereaf- ter be given grats#,the charge and overfight of this dole was committed to Sext. Claudius. . Hi Terentia Caffia. , .. Cie.pro Sexe M.Terentins and C.Caffits being Confuls preferred a in Pifon. law ,U¢s altere decuma a provinciis coemeretur, pretio in fine Cic.Vertin. fo gules modios HS, trim conftituto Item ut civitatibusaquas. *1: diterimperaretnr, pretioin fingalos modios HS. quatnor cone 3a fiituto, cSt ieee F i fk ie se Ped For dSig.dejur. “a threet paid by the Provinces. The - Prov.lix.c.x. tenth part of the graine gr g inthep Ce to be Boa ae 4 : ‘ in grates, and that was properly called Decume , or fi HUMBER um Decamanum and thole that took this tithe to rent wer galled thence Decumans, ‘A1econd fort of tithes was.a cere ed ---_-taine quantity of.corne taken tp for the L,Prefident or chief _ / <=") "~" governont of the Province,to keep his houfe,& that was cale . led Framentum eftimarum,that is,corn gathered up by way f _ of taxation : for.fo this word ¢/time comming from 4s doth — q e Fr. Sylv. in fignifie Eft autem aftimareab are dittum, id quod vulgodi< — A orat.pro Clu. ent appreciare G taxare.The third fore of tithes, was when cntio, the Senatefinding fcarcity ofcorntin. Rome, did injoynthe - - Provinces to fell thema quantity of corneat a price ferdown __. by the Senatours themfelves,and thiscorn fold upon injun- tion ifit was paid but ence.in the yeare,it was termed Frx- mentum emptum ; but ifin thefameyeare a fecond fale was _ injoyned them,then they called thatfecond pay Frumentune + smperatum. Inthe firk claufe of this law by (_a/tera decame} is meant Frumentam emptum: in the fecond claufe, by thefe words [civitatibus equaliter. smperaretur | is underftood eas ka a by tees hy sits clea cmieere eit ae 1. Lex Hieronica. fs Ve Verrin,g. _ Hiero King of Syci/y obtained a law, wherein was fer _ Pe down thequantity of corn that the Aratores or country far- * mers fheuld pay unto the Pxb/icani, that is, thofe which re: - ecived the tithes, together with the time of payment'and ) é this price agreed upon. “ f ; ss AP. E2, ‘ Delegibus fumptuarits five cibariis Wg. 3 ae hs ancient times there was a commendable frugality a. mong the Romans intheirfealt, butafter ages grew to immoderate excefle therein, fo that whole Goates and yen e EN AMIS . Boares es r ‘, oe vi er SP § e 34 Suet, Tiber, eet - ¢ . “| Lex Faunia, - mm Pa Pods < _ Twenty two yearesafter Orchius his law C.Fannius be- — ing conful enacted another, for the moderating of expences, allowing Non plures denis affiéustobe {pent in their ordi- nary feafts: Butuponthofe more folemne feafts dedicated unto Satura,and from thence called Saturnalia, likewife _. «when any publique games were exhibited by the Roman people,he then allowed Centum affes, ordaining that noo- _. ther fowle fhould then be dreffed but-only one hen, and that nocfatted for the purpofe. _ ad _ Now pluves denis affibus| The Roman coyne As wasfo its called ¢ guaft as,becaufe the matter thereof was vrafles at ¢ Varrohb.g, ~ firftit confifted ofa full pound weight;afterward in the firft ¢¢ling-Larin, Punickwarre,by reafon of the fcarcity of mony, they made 2PtR13 5. ‘ gins il Cap. ot Te _efevery pound of braffe fixe of thofe coynes, ¢"-h valuing as 7 Att ty FS 3 ~ gnuch Fl 3 ---expence at feafts. -— Fa eA.Gel.t 3. Were tw ofa pound; and fo they continued; the value alwaye: ~ *ned the fame,videl.ob.g2.fo that to allow but ten of thefe . " : : . €ap.2, by 4. aye yet \q ey Fe ¢ fe ° ‘ re ae ti __ Eighteen yeares after Fannins, Didins ordained that the by } ; ~1eCOo ly Erne ek Co ee very poun Sag = cs =. ch Papiriws enacted, foure and t we a featt, feemeth a matter altogether uncredible, but’confider with the frugality the cheapneffe of thofe times, itmay bee granted for a truth; for tenof thefe were the price ofa theep, and a hundred the priceof oneOxe. Lex Didigs ie & former fumptuary lawes fhould bee of force’, notonly in Rome, but throughout tal ; Moreover that notonlythe —- feaft-mafter tranfgreffing,butall the guefts fhould be liable tothe penalty, = eae ee Bates Oe 9 : Lew Licivia: r oan | _P.Licinins Cragus preferred alaw in amanneragreeing’ with the /ete fasnia, whereby heratherconfirmed Fanning his law being now antiquated,thenmadea new. => we Bea Cornelia, oan ate ins Cornelius Sys being DiGtator ordained a law for the price of meats, fo that he was thought by cheapnefleofvi- ctuals to encreafe rather then to reftraine faperfluities ax feats. , Ah : : | ~ Lex Antia, - oe EAB 8 4 Antius Reftio preferred a ufefull law, tomoderate ex. : pences in feafting, which notwithftanding was violatedand 7 ina manner abrogated by the contrary practife of the Citi. zensin generall.For which canfe,Re/fse afterward being in. vited, would never come to any fealt,becaufe he would nop be an eye-witneffe of the contempt of that law, which him- felfe had caufed If any defire to fee more lawes of this na- | ture,lethim read Stve,conviv.lib.1.cap.3. Anl-Gel.fib, x. cap, 24. And Afacrob. Saturn. l10.3.CAp.17. eS . Cap.13, Of the Roman Lawes. he dee SY Caring. : ee Déramilitari & bells, | 4 RPE E Te acghs 2d iGabantaler. - oe (RO Gabi. Tr.Plpreferred a law that the managing of aS «the warreagainft the Pyrats fhould be in fach man- ner committed unto Pompey for three yeares fpace, that o- _ ver the whole fea between Hercules his pillars, and inthe Maritane provinces unto the foure hundreth Stadium from the fa, hee fhonld have power to comirfand any Kings, L. Prefidents; or whole corporations to furnifh him with all ‘things neceflary to chat.warre..° Gece! SA ena ee uc cond enille Idx od 4 oe oe ©. ManiliusTrib.Pl. pertwadetha law, that themanae _ ging of warre again Adithridares thould bee committed - unto (%.,PompeiusiThat the whole province where L. Lu- - cxllus ruled ;together with his whole army fhould be refign- ed untohim:Moreover that Bithinia, where Glabrio ruled fhould be added, together:withiall thofe bands and forces, — . e which he had upon the feaagainft the Pyrats , and all thofe . provinces,over which the law Gabinsa did entitle him gae ~*~ vernour, as Phrygia, Licaenia, Galatia, Cappadocia, Cicslia, Colchis fuperiour, and Armenia, gery EA. z i Ne De Tutelis. i be " : fhip, orprotection of aga Phis nonage.s whereof _ . £Camerarius obferveth foure forts wand wee may with ¢I,Camesar, _ peditarius add the fift.Either the over{eers were'appointed in ora proL, by will; or elfe the next of the kinne wereoverfeers; or the Flacco, Es ms , sf : Magi- ve mag iftrate di 4 _ magiltrate did appoiat whom he thought fi -—-gLOmphal, forts 8 Omphalins calleth thus: the firft Teftamsen ~~ inorat. pro © fecond Legitimam,the third Dativam. The fourth fort a — Cexcinna, —smerarina calleth Tutelam iduciariam, qua eorum ch, qui e~ — Pellicarius aancipati defiiffent effe agnati. The fifth Pellitarins calleda’ proCecin, — Tyre/amy honorariam, namely, whens the office of admini« — .. .. ftration is committed to others,but yet certainechiefeover- feers were appointed to fee the will performed, who were — 4€ic. pro called Txtores bonoraris.iW here we mutt note,that the law. _ Muza, provided overfeers,not for children under age only, but for. ene ~ women alfo, - BtUA bine Sth are | Emancipatidefiiffent effe agnati_| By the Roman law every fonne was in {uch {ubjection unto his father, that before he could be releafe d of this fubjection;& made free,he fhould . by an imaginary fale, k be fold three times by his naturall fa- ~ es _ther to another man, who was called by the lawyers ! Pater — «RVid leg. 12, fiduciarivs , thatis, a fatherintruft; yeaand be bought a- tabul, __—_ gaimby the naturall father,and fo manumifed by him,and thé. - 1 ‘ "4 " r > . ‘on a ee a ee ee : ae de jute he became free. The form of this kind of fale,or alienation;is om,|,1.c, { eg h 8 rt by: wae ee i a et down more at large in the explanatio ofoneofthelawes Bee that followeth,with an example not muchunlhike this. This — imaginary fale was called Adancipatio, the children thus ali- * — enated from the father were termed Emaxcipati ,thisforme offetting free was termed Emancipatio. This Fiduciariatue ae tela then,in my opinion was thus.T hat when any goods did Bes! fall untoa child thus alienated, by the death of his father, Rs ES then fhould not the overfight of this child falluntothe next ot thekin,termed Aguati, but Duoniam defiit effe agnatus, ~~ thar.is, becaufe he had®in a manner loft his alliance with his Kindred, therefore nok tome overfight of*the child belong unto the father in tra d Pater fiduciarius: Whence the guardianfhip it fel salled ‘J utela fiduciaria, ir ie Betoria lex. | : This law made by Letorizs provided, thatthere fhould ~ overfeers appointed for thofe which were diltraéted, or bs ee poe wage ite de did Cie 3.d¢ of 3 itrimonie. For,as WIR, oe: ‘ iM BO NS OS TS Tee oe De Teflamentis. ‘ ‘ mS van Hay sus OAL ‘ ¥ ) Efore we defcend unto the lawes themfelves, wewil e explaine thofe three divers forts of Wils in ufea- _ &4 mong the Romans: Namely, Tefamentum calatis co- _ mitiis; which was focalled, becaufe twice inthe yearein — time of peace the Roman people aflembled themfelves toe. _ gether,to this end and purpofe, that ifany would make his will,the whole people might bear witnefle thereunto: thefe - affemblies weretermed (alata. comitia Secondly, effamen= tum in procintu,that is,whena fouldierin time of war rea- dy to give battle,did call out three or foure of his fellows, & in the audience of them did by word of mouth pronounce. his laft will & teftament. Thirdly,7 effamsentdm per emancipae ‘tionem familia, that is, by making over his goods and poffef- fions under a fained forme of fale, tinto.a fecond party called Hares fidueiarius.@ imaginarius , i.e. an heire in trult, whe. fhould afterward refigne them unto the true andlawfull — heire. & this imaginary kind of {ale,was performed with cer tain folemnities circa es & libram, . andalfothe fale it felfe was fometimes called Wexus,as likewile Emacipatio,Henee “was the will fometimes calledTcfamentum per as & Libram, fometimes Teftamentum per nexum. For the proofe of this, which hath been delivered ae the three forts of walt | Papen Sere < Oe? Oa -4 \ * Gi. Verge 4 ie pGIEN CES? | effet virginem, neve mulierem [upra quadrantem fuorum bo- , eas norum bercdem inflitueret plafver nquamlegaret, quamad haredem,barede(ve perveniret. 4.4 TS Pye era ” Genfus.} This. word Confus: dothfometimesfignifyall’ . {uchashave tendred the jult, valuation of their. eftate unto Te the Cen/orszandthen:lecen(us-igoppohite unta it; fignifying, _- - fuchan-oneas hathnortendredihisjeltare or name, to,be'ren . giftrcediby:the (enforssButin this, place Cenfus is taken for’: ~ fuck atich man,whofeeftate was inthe Cen/fors book valu-.- ie -. ediatione hundred thoufand: Sefferces. (vid. eA{coninm in. Bre ye VORA ZI) ONO WE BABIN PONT LST ts oy en Ree Supra quadrantem fnorum bovorum.) thatis, Nowoman. ‘{houldibe heire to more then-ene quarter of fucha rich mans- goods: or the tight conceiving ofthis, wee multnote wirh pBarh La. ““Latomus , that‘ the whole. inheritance ( were: itinever fo einem, great)wastermed 4s, and: that was. divided into twelve. ~~ proCecinna, patts;whichthelawyers.called cre: Due vnciadicebantur vee Sextians, tres: Quadrans, quatuon Triens , quing, Quincung,. fex Semiffis,feprem Septunx,o to Beffis, navem: Dedrans, dea com Decunx,undecem Deunx,T otum asus dittum ef, Againe- every yncia wasdivided into fix parts.calledSextule: Due: By ae . fextaleDnellamstres Semunciamfacinnt. So then according» ; ee ne Po. oe the laveyers:(as® Alesander ob{erveth) if there were.one’ Gere. 5, Heirealoneinftituted,he wastermed Hares.am Afferm totum snsftientes; fothenwile there were many corheires,then was rs W ex fe ies char! is, they had the foure fare Wick part:0 hers were Sextula afperfiy that isthey Se ee pk had the threefcoreand twelfth partofthe whole 4s, thatis, © of the whol inheritance, beit mote arlefle.€c. Herewee -mmuftunderftand sthat theres greatdifference between thefe sfuftitut benes in totum Affem, G extoto Affe. Bae thofe, which we ‘nominated Havedes » whetheriit wereex Dodrante,, Quadrante,vel Semuncia,or how foever, - yet were they termed Heredes ex:toto Affe, thatis, they -werenot Legatarii, fuch-as receaved legacies, Nownone can be faid futotum affeminititui, ‘but he via ds bee alone -padiale eninle . | aN cd Brae Pe a aaN | enheneES i denies 3 3 Fasiee conde alaw,that the plea of prettription ,« ‘or Cie Netg. H, long: poffeffion;fhould not availein things that had | __ a beenttolne; but the intereft which the right owner had in thofe ftolnegoods ,fhould remaine perpetuall.. “The words of the law are thefe: Quod furreptum eft eins res ater= , naantoritas effet Where by ? anttoritas is meant us domi-.p Sig.de j jie wii, This crime of theft, as likewife of ufury, was fo odious Rombt.ctt - unto the Romans,that whofoever was found guilty thereof, aa was condemned 4 Lege quadrupli , that is,to pay fouretimes 4 FrSylvcin ia as much; whence theinformers again{t — were. termed Verrem ty eanadraplareres yr Jonna fn f rth fe 2 yi a 4 +x¥ net ae yn aa io CW le cli Re tk Raat > Vily mentionetha law termed Lex accufatoria,which 3 +. # intrath was no law , neither wasthereany author «edt thereof’: ‘bute:there was fuch a received cultomeas mongft the Romans, that the accufer fhouldubje@ againft _the party.aceufed,not only the prefent crime then quéftio- ~ _ -sned,but all other fcapesand faults committed long before, > tothe bettering of his matter: thacat length this accufatory —_ ae -cuftome becaine in manner ofa law, and fo was called Lex gp Alex. Gen, aecn/atoria.vid. Franc.Sylvinm in orat. pro Adur.t Their cus » dierd.z3.c5. ftomealfo was to procure others to joyne with them in their {Cicero accufations; thofe ‘ T#ly.calleth Sub/ériptores, becaufe they Mirza. did {ubf{tribe unto the accufation. Ae Re ce - Lew Servilia ch Semproniaa = = -Curtoinorat —- Whereas Sempronins had preferreda Law, whereby hee. . . pro Scauro. | . i rebets : : | hie took away the authority.of fitting in judgement from the Se« ety nators,and appropriated it to the Roman Gentlemen,O.Ser-_ vilins Cepiobeing (onful did afterward. preferre another law whereby the ddminiftration of judgement was divided 2 between the SenatorsandtheGentlemen, | : Be Gicin Ver, “MAIR. | Rapitia lex, Ck CERNE. | Sig de jure Ruvpslia lex vetabat diebus trigintafortirs dicam. |Here we Prov.l, 2.c,5.. muftaote with t Sigonias,that this law was of force oncly in _ the Province of Sicilia: alfothat it is one thing /eribere di~ . _. €am,that issto enter anaction;another fortirs dicam,thatis, _. by Jots to choofe the Iudges,which was 30.daies after, } 29 - Cic. de orat, ° Livia lex. : QaRere, Bshe Though by vertue of Servilias his law the Senators were ie -madecapable of theoffice of a Judge, yet they were not ~ | _ thereby a ae sa Sed ' i af ge Of the Roman Lawes. ne yg “Gentry. Mes Be ‘Plantialex. _torsand Gentlemen, but out of the populacy alfo, namely, outof every Tribe fifteen Iudges, yi eAurelia lex. -andthofe Martial] Treafurers or Clarkes of the band called Tribuniavarii, © eae ses : Pompeta lex, pa “Tudges fhould be elected ont of the wealthielt (enturies, ty- ing the election notwithftanding to thofe three degrees of people,namely Senators, Gentlemen, and Martiall Treafu- sers; alfo he added that the number of Iudges to examine _caufes frould be feaventy and five. x % Tulialex, * : , CIulius Cafar. ordained , that the election of Iudges fhould be out of the Senators and Gentlemenonely, leaving ‘ out the Martiall Treafurers; and this Tay calleth /egem [v- dittariam Cafaris. | | | i Antonia lex, eat Ad, Antonins tulit legem,ut tertiaindicum decuria é €en- _burionibus, Antefignants,-Alandts, Manipnlaribus fieret, oath, he chofe out {ome ex certés ordinibus no ex omni populo that is ont of fuch degree and place , as the law required , to fit in jadgement on thofe cafes, which were termed caz/e thereby equally capable with the Roman Gentlemen :and_ therefore did AZ, Livins Drufus ordaine , that the Judges _ fhould be elected equally out of both orders ,namely three ‘ hundred ont of the Senate, and three hundred out of the e M Plautins Sylvanus preferred alaw , thatthe number Cicpro Cor- of Indges fhould be‘chofen not only out of the Roman Sewa- nel. ‘ ‘ a | Le urelius Cotta being Prator made a law , thatthe Cicin Ver. ‘Iudges fhould be chofen out of the Sexarors,the Gentlemen f2pe- bn. Pompeius Magnus being Confull ordained , that the Cic.in Pifon, Cic, Philip, x. Cic,Philip. 1,& 5. Indicum decuria: \When the L,chiet lultice had také his publica: andthefe Judges he afterward dividedintolefler — : ie Gg3 numbers Lark,called in French Alauda. Barthol, Latemus in Phil. 1, Manipularibus..| Thofe Captaines which governed a ‘Manipleoffouldiersswere called A4auipulares, Fr. Adatua vantinsin Phil,:. | _ .« Lex Cincia dedonis & muneribus. : — M.Cincins being protector of the Commons, 44.Cornt. PRR Se : ae ae L Cornelius: rrec ee pee she chiefe IitdgaCic Pro Clu ‘ VA iz 1e bench call Fett Nadot @eaPicni:,fhouldxetorre itunto: "tio, ie i “Hiecholoaahhedubesltnighlrctirer be would havejudges oe paffe onc. Claman Palam, thatis;. (as: en obs th) eithe r byvoices or by tables. | . if ee. |< Mernmnonia Lex, ath Ciel in: ves a “ Thistaw Recatieby Meniniuve provided, chk No: captain ne ee | Fi ccoracela epee deen whowwereemployedabroad) © | in-bufineffe for the common-wealth. An addition unto this: — law was,that whofoever fhould calwmniars, that is,forgean another, a-certain letter fhouldibe burn aa ea intoken of infamy.” This law’ is fometimes: Cic. proSext, called Lee, Rhernia. Here we'maywith sFr, Sylvins. ob-= Rolie...) ‘fervethe-difference of thefe three phrafes, Calumuiari, Pre- “nF ais garicarijand Tergiver{ari, He which dothin his accufation' eno, e efaultsnever committedsisfaid:C aumniars, Hewhich ndertakethvanes {uit and either will'noturge reafons imthe behalfeiothis sclient;oran(wertheobieions of his: adverfa-’ ~ ry when ie isable,istaid’ Prevaricari; thatis, to playthe falfeProttour. He which doth defiftinbisaccuGtion; & hed f hisiaie fall sis faid’ ‘Tergiverari. aM any At fe / <<. Desincerta dé Next 8 ON ‘ s nies peer qua mancipifunt ,in periculum indicit iat Cic, pro Mur, deber, quifenexu,obligavit that is,if the buyer of any thingin! that forme offalecalled Nex#s be troubled in pele. ler thereof muftfecure him,and fave him harmeleffe?- GB OU aah, « | Mancipi'funt™| * Thole things were terined res: Mantipiy «Pe Sylvain it ahetihers alienated from the feller Nex; thatis, byfuch:°*" ProMur., a forme of fale as followeth. Theforme wasthus: Atthe | lealtfive witnefles , al Roman Citizens and of fall Ses . ides ~~ are Quen ample fake,ifit were a bond-flave to be fold) Hasc ego hem pens ex sure Duivitinm menm elfe aso,3(G, mibi emprus efthoc «eo. > ares& forthwith ftriking the ballance with the braffe coyne oe --. he gave ittohimthat made the fale. Thiskind ofchaffering” y wastermed Nexus,as we may fappole 4 nettendo,, becaufe --ySylv.ibid. — 1t did bind the feller to make good thefale : Yfometimesitis. ties called Per as c& Libram venditio , becaufeof theceremonies — g Melan&. in ufed in it.z Now itis commonly called AZaxcipatio? ama- _ oratpro Muts 79,5 capione from taking that which is foldintoones handsor Pe = ‘poffeflion: whence the word Aancipatus , and Mdancipium ae _ areufed to fignifyabondflave, that isin this manner folde; ee though fometimes AZansipixm doth fignify the faleicfelfes _. * whence Cie. ufeth this phrafe, Lex Adancipsi, tofignifya =» .2:) > claufeorcondition putin the fale. All things fold afterthis: Co OP ,, manner were termed Res mancips; ’The word Mancipi be-, __ vid,Fr, Sylvan 188. a nowne indecl able , as Frugs, (ordi, Hninfmodi, ee. -_ orat.pro Mur, and from this forme.of fale, the morgaging of land forthe. --: payment of mony may feemeto be called AZancipatio fidu. ciaria; He whichdid thus receive the morgage, or land in way of fecurity, is {aid to accipere fiduciam. ( ic orat.pro L. Flacco. V pon which place faith Lambinus inhis notations, . Accipere fiduciamyeft fundum,aut aliamrem [oli fen ut appele. _ - lantimmobilems,ab aliquo mancipare, feu accipere ealege up _ eumillerepetat eiremancipet. We may coniect the reafon of thefe ballances, why they fhould be ufed inthis kinde cf bar- ganing, tobe, becaufe inold time they did not bargaineby. a paying coined mony,which was called es fignatum, but by. _ ¢ Alex. Gen. payingacertain weight of mony; whence fuch mony was. dies. 1.1.6.35. termed es grave: And hence itis that metaphorically wee < ~. * tranflate Pendo andrependo, to pay and repay. ee Fale as} ee ri vib, Phe. Gites ae shat the Plea Cie. eces ary Quafitores Should fitin judgementupon thofe, by 21. . i whom the allies or Affociates had been aaie to. pt warre againfttheRemanpeople. == i sti‘ a : Iulia lex, i a Culul. Cefar ordained, that fuch as were saondemiet of CiesPhilard -— trealon,o or caufing uproares in ite eeetaig mooie: end _ ibe banined. Pe é 7 i: F a Sea — Z 4 ; ha *% ~ > * i) Pee “i . ie yee Es ; par 2% . a : Ae 7 jhe ; mA f -¥ 4 ; } eo yt exe Pe Rea : ne ae ke 4 SS aeiee) AP. - es % Bike N E Phad “ 4d, 4 as 4 uff M 2g ay Be ace o ey wdmbitw, : | poets HABTTNOS ©... ONO ONG a Hofe lawes were termed Leges ue ahi aie 4 were made againft indirect or unlawful grusins ied in canvafles for offices. ci | Fabiadeambitu, ee ce Lex-Fabia reftrained the niambet of thofe poore men who becaufethey were wont to follow up and downe¢,& all : |. the day to attend fach as did ftand. for offices, were thence Nt ae called Seftatores, isd Dear tan ee . i BS Acila: Calpurnia, \ eee inmate 2) ‘M, Acilins Glabrio, & C.Calpurnins Pifo, heigs Confuls. Cic, pro Murs made alaw,that fach as were convinced of finifter and undi- rect meanes ufed in their canvafies, fhould be finedat acer~ taine fumme of mony {et on their-heads, ‘and they fhould be . made both uncapable of beating office, aa la into , a Senators PlAble cs geo’. Ne wy aa ‘ bat roe ue, " 3 sh AT | Senas EX4 599 eS Vis _ Cie. proSext, —— Senatus confulrum de Amsbitu, — MT allin Cicvand C, Antonius being Con/ui decree was made by the Senate, thatif {uch as did ~ lute or attend upon thofe which ftood for offices, werehired by any manner of reward;or ifany publike prizes wereoc- cafioned tobe plaid; or any publike feafts made by them,they fhould be liable to the cenfure of Calpurnius hislJaw. AMV ok 2) Sami Bea) OS See — At. Tullius Cic. made alaw, that no man ftanding for an office fhonld caufe any publike prize tobe plaid, withintwo yeares that he eitherhad ftood, or fhould {tand for an office, -unleffe the day had formerly been appointed by fome will.” _ tem, he ordained, that Senators being found to have ufed unlawfullmeanes, for the attaining of any office, fhould faf- fer ten years exilement. And the commonalty offending in that point, fhould be punifhed with an heavier punifhment, thenthelaw madeby (‘a/purnius laid onthem. An addition unto this was, that if any being cited to his anfwer in the - — courtof theirundirect meanes, Si msorbum excufaret,thatis, If he did urgehis fickneffe for his not appearance. then fhouldhe undergee a penalty, — | ~ -s Simorbumexcufaret. \Sothat Tullyhere feemethto cut. ofthat liberty, whichthe twelvetables permitted in thefe words, Sijudex alterve ex litigatoribm, morbofontico impedi. aur judicii dies diffifns efto. What is,1f either Tudge,Plaintiffe or Defendant were fick, they fhould difindere diem, id eff, Soroferre & ivalind tempusvejicere, prorogue the time of judgement.And unleffe fome might thinke, that by morbas [onticus was meant fome ftrange ‘difeafe, Spent inférreth _ thateverydifeate is tearmed Souticws, which hindreth usin the performance of our bufinefle: Sentes enim nocextes di-. ne ount. ge | Livinia de Sodalities, - 7 : Ad. Licinius Craffue being Confull perfwaded, ut is Sodz- | Gitits Ludices,ab accufatore ex tribubre ederentar, ae lig ‘adineig pacha "eae eS ELT 2S pen es = eS atam, averfam( (ic. in Urnis,) But as.it feemeth very pro- _~ bablethefelawes againft bribery, were firft occafioned, for 4 Hh 4 ae a @ ence, force the people to fif= _ =F - frage with them, whence the violence offered by them was _ tearmed Sedalitia, Sig. de tua lib. cap. 30. : ——- Judices ab accufatore ederentur ex tribubus.\W e may read ae ae oS iy at three forts of Iudges among the Romazs,or rather of three diverskindes of elections of their:Iudges. For either they were, Letts fortitione, of which more may be feenin one of the lawes following; or Editione, by nomination or naming . them,the manner thereofbeing thus; That either the Plain- _ tifte fhonld choofe them all,and then were they called Inds- _ Ces edititii, or the Plaintiffe fhouldchoofe one halfe,and the —__ _ Defendant the other, and then were theycalled Zudices ale terni. Melantthonin Cic, pro Maran, ee gH OAL MAS: 3 % 3 st Cap. 20 De pecnnizs repetundi, Irfttouching the word Repetunda, Sigenius faith that 4 {uch mony wastearmed Pecunia repetunde que poffent 4& ~~ repets,which might by the courfe of law be recovered. Namely fach mony asany magiftrate, Iudge, or publike offi- cet, did either inthe Provinces orinthe City receive asa bribe, from the Allies and Affociats, or from the Roman cit: _ tizens for the adminiftration of Iuftice, or the execution of any publike dury: and this kind of bribe they termed Pe- cunias repetunda , pecuniam ablatam.captam, coaltam ,concili« the cafe and relicfe of the Roman Provinces and Allies, cal- led in Latine Socit, who were much abufed in this kind by the Proy. Confils, Pretors, and Quajfors,&c. Whence Tul- nates Sev og aaah id alah : 2 ly Feet gos ae = i Roy ey A en ye NT POET Oe keatee VE Ug UR Sey el bet a POE EE Bie MOLE NIN a a Te’ OL Sie CE SR cde ae © ETT CY TR OS eT acettaincompanyoftheirfideot rearmingthem Sede/esandthefeSee all Tay : | nay we note,that 472 ufeth this ph ve, for Fanerari,to put mony toule, Occupar . collocare, inquit Nonins ideft,F anori dare, “id, \ aaeeaa Ct yoraterpre Dy Flacco.) 5 ay - * MM lanius P ennus Trib.Pi.preferreda law that no fuchas were convincedofbribery, Preter litu aftimationem exilie ‘ym etiam damnato effet irrogatum, routed GaMay a 3 Lites eftimarionem. \Here we will confider thedifference: Pane of thefe three phrafes, Lstusconteftatio,Litwredemptio,er Lis " gSig.dejud. tH eftimatio.* The firkt fignityeth the produceing of witnefles lib,r,cap.27» when both fides fhallopenly inthe court ufethe formeof words,Te/fes eftote: which wasnot done, antequam [atifda- tiones fatte effent,before fureties were putin,by theone,that he fhould}adicatwm folvere,pay-that which he wascondem=- ned; by the other, that he would rem ratam habere, thatis, -ftand to the verdict or fentence inthe Court. Thefecond aks phrafe fignifyeth a compofiticn or an argument agreed upon. fF Orar.proQ. by both fidesbetween themfelves:*Rediniere lites eff padiq Rolie. —. onem facere; quiensim pacifettur, facit ut lanon fit. Thethird — | ois when the part? whiclzis caftin the ftiitis adjudged to pay the mony, or the worth of the goadscalledinqueltion,toge- _ ther with the coft and dammages inlaw untohis adverfary. eFeSylv.in .& Liters affimare eff peeuniam, & quali fait, & proprer quan orat.pro Clu- gondemmuatus eff reus in fummaredigere, que debonts ej res S i c Me : : aaFst Cie, #n oat. pro L,Flacco, SP in ey es es 7 Wi A$ RE OS? ©, 3 ae ee digaturt Ande ftimare litem eft, quod valge dicitur,T ass ‘rat, pro Ra- 276 lites expen{ae. Oo cola allah, | bitio. ; A cilia lenses iG . ns Ake j ms IA, Acilius Glabrio- made alaw,thatfiaehas were accnfed « of bribery, Neg, ampliari,neg, cemperendinari poffent, thatis, — ‘they mutt out of hand receive judgement. a For the rightunderftanding of thefe two words EAmp Kd +8 & comperendinarsy we mult confider the ancient cuftomes — and ceremonies ufed by the Remanes: inhandling their faite baer iy. 3 of OFF pe en et ae oa weer Ble Has wees ge el ’s Fw ep e Dl yy Sagi ioteds Ofthe Roman Lawes. zag of law Firft there was P jus vocatio, that is acitationofone. nto the Court.Secondly, poftulario, that is,arequelt purup “unto the Prafor,that it might be law full for the plaintiffe to. enter his actié againft the Defendant; whence Poftulare ali« nem de hoc vel illo crimine, isto accufe one of this or that crime. Thirdly, Nomines delatio,that is,the taking of the De- fendants name into the court: booke:and thiswastearmed, , Intendere abtionem,vel litem;and Diem alicui dicere, that is, to enter an.action againft one. Inthe fecond of thefe Acts, “namely when requeft was.made by the Plaintiffe unto the. Prator, thathe might enter his action again{t the Defen- dant, then the plaintiffedid Vadari reum, that is;: demand fareties or bale fromthe defendant, that he would appeare. upon theday appointed by the Prator:' And the Plaincifte did againe, Promittere vadsmoninm, enter bond allo for ‘his ownappearanice upon the fameday , which commonly “was the'thitd-day following, called properly ‘Dies peren- dinus; and {ometimes. dies tertivs imply, as it appcareth “by thote capitallletters. 1.D.T.S.P. ufedto bee writ- | : “ten in their ations = which letters‘ iProézs expoundeth ; Sig.de jud: thus:7n diem tertium,five perendinum So that then properly, lib. cap.2zs. ‘les vel reus dicitur comperendinart, when the giving of fen- ‘tence is deferred till the third day. Moreover before thePre-. tor would finffer the action to be entred, he would fweare’ the Plaintiffe, that he did not accufe the defendant: calwmni- andicansa, that is, falfely or malitionfly, and this kind of fwearing was tearmed ( alamniamjurare,calananiam dejura- re, and In litem jurare. Now if either party wereabfent from “the courtuponthe third day, except he were fick, he was att in his fuit,and the “Pretor did grant an executioncalled ‘Editium peremptorium; whereby he gave authority to his ad= -verfary to feize upon his goods. Sometimes there were two or threeediés in manner of Proffes or writs, before the’ Edittam peremprorium,could be obtained; fometimes it was & Sig. ejufd. I; granted atthe firlt, and then was it © called zuam proomniscap.28, ye meters ; Hh 3 ia" bus. be Ei ai i ey hele de Bare ils is > RS Bia) ‘ESig.ejuld. 1. bss, 1 Now if both parties came into the cot ‘. _ peare, then were they faid /z rife: {0 that th - mongtt the lawyets did fignify to fhew o Courts Von the third day the Preror alfo w iS . bench of Indges did meet,and the Judex, Queffiens (whom — q Rofians maketh a diftine officer differing fromthe ‘Fretor) _, did caute all the Se/eé Iudges to pull outcertainlots, outof —— - anutneor pitcher brought thither for that purpofe,andthofe Judges upon who the lot fell were tofitin judgement: This was called Sortitio Indicum, Now if either the Plaintiffeor Defendant did fafped any of thofe,that they would be par- _ tiall,then might he except againft them, and that was called Judicum rejettio: then the fadex queftionts wouldin man- ner aforefaid choofe other Iudges intheir places, and that wascalled /#b/ortitio. Whichbeing ended, thofe Iudges 2 which were thus chofen,receivedevery one of the fromthe ‘Pretor three tables,the one having this letter A writt€ init, betokening .46/o/ution:whence 7 #Zy calleth it 4steram [ala- tarems: the other having this letter C, written in it, betoken- ing Condemmation:the third having thefe two letters 1’, L. _betokening Nox iguer, After thereceipt of the tables, then did the Prator mittere vel dimittere indices in couGlium, that is, fent them tocaft their tablesinto the urnes, there being three urnes or little coffers purpofely provided; theone for thofe judges which were chofenout of the Senators, theo. - ther for thofe that were chofen outof the Gentlemen, the — third for thofe which were chofen out of the AZartial Trea-- furers. Now if they did caft the firlt foreof tables intothe urnes,then the Pretor pronounced the defendantabfolved,if — the fecond,then he pronounced him condemned; ifthe third then hepronounced Amplins cognofcendwm, that they muft _ have longer time toenquire: And this is properly tearmed eAmpliatio,a Reprive,& in fuch manne itis faid, quod lis vel -reus dicitur ampliari.. The proofes forthis manner of prow ceeding in law,may becolleCted out of Rofinus lib, antiq.g, " | : iy te q | T.atoken of abolution, A-ofempliation, Vid.Eraj. Adeg. _ over Decjws capite qnarito Ge. thatis, Let them fit upon life and death on that man, which fhall bear falfe wit fl Ce = _ theiral ¢ tos : 3° Was dammationss (ymbotum,which occafioned that of Perfine, 24. and out of Sigonius according to the mar- _ iotations. J" sultome feemethto have been — ived alfo among the Grecians, who had threelettersof _ hee = ie phabet,. anfwerable tothole among the Romans; @ — mal Er petis es nigrum vitio prefigere Theta. © prafigere. Someasitappearethby Era/m, givea reafon of - @, becaufe it refembleth the heartof man, wounded inthe middeft witha dart, othersbecanfeitis thefirltletter of gg - yerG-, fignifying death according tothat. | dafelix multi theta eft mibi litera fulix. St Odvareyforibit feribit & ila@ey. LBP is Cornelius Sibabeing Diétaror ordained a law, that the chief cic Tndge calledPadex 2uaftionts,with the whole bench of Jud. ent. — ges fhould fic upon life and death,on fuch as had killed a man; : on fiich as had with an ‘evill intent fer any place onfires on -fach as fhould walke with any weapon, either to kill orrob a.man;on fuch ashad either made-bonght,fold, had, or given - I any poyfon, thereby tokilla man, or any magiftrate, whofo- ever fhould caufe any conventicle or fecret affemblies, of fhould give their.conient to the fubonning of any man, toac- eufe another falfely.that thereby he being innocent,might be opprefied and condemned.by publique judgement, More- _ thatanother might becondemned to death, on that magi- rate or chiefe judge, which fhall take abribe to condemne __ - another to death. 4 lata _ Parricidium. | This word doth properly fignify only a mourthering of ones parents or kinsfolk, but in Nama Pom- pslinehis time, it fignified as muchas bomicidiam, that is any. manlanghter whatfoever. tates We eee ‘\ Cane = yi EN ate Satis g 4 ek ies aah ADS OR Sie Le Noh BAT ie ek te ek) ae ash Lex 12, tabularam de winds 1: NT usin jure manumconferunt,utrig. fo | prée. WF Si qusinjure.) Here we mutt note that the cuftome * among the Romans in old time was,thatas often as any con- _troverfy did arife touching the poffeffion ofan houfe,afield, ~ orapyfuch like thing, the Prater did goe unto the heufe,’ — - field,or the thing queftioned being accOpanied thither with _:the plaintiffe and the defendant,together with others whom ' the lawrequired tobe prefetas witnefles. This place where-- : foever it were, though in the open field,during thetime that’ the Prator fate there to give Judgement,was tearmedin la- tine Js, inEnglifha@ontt. Wherein theprefenceofthe Lites Praetor & the witnefle,the Plaintiffe & Defendant did ma- — m.Camerar, #99 conferere,that is, as™ ( amerarias fappofeth, argue and - prow L, Mu- difpute the cafe pro & con ina folemne forme of wordspre- _ _ tem, ~~ feribed them by the law. For this phraieis borrowed by the Lawyers from the art military, where fouldiersare faid --manum vel wanu conferere, when they fight hand tohand, nRofn.ant, {ered fuperftiribus prafentibus chat islet both partiésinthe lib.8.c, 29, prefence of witnefles ‘(fo n Festus expoundeth Superftites)~ i oSig,dejud, (Vindicias fumunto | that is, let themtake a turte of the: — Tbs tc.ate ground:for fo® Sigonivs expoundetn Usudicie; though pro- | Vindiciain petly (as he obferveth )it fignified the poffefsion of a thing, ferreefé fen~ rr sie : ; : - tentid decre- Tatherthenthe thing poffefied. This turfe being takenup, ~ 109, rem obti- wascarried tothe Pretor, and judgement was given upon were dicebat. ‘that,as'uponthe whole. I doe prefumethat inother cafes,as _ Vindicia: Ju Saeskine the pofteffion of an houfe,&c.fomeother thing in | ee ab os ‘manner of the turfe was prefented unto the Pretor, upon yemobtieyat. Which 2s upon the whole he gave judgement. In procefle of 7 Turaebadv. time, the Prator by reafonof the tumult of other imploy- — 1.13.27. .ments,not finding convenient leafure to review every parti- , ahi | 2s cular 4 ) ftome among(t the Romans: the firlt of thefeis to be feen in. or of ully his oration pro Murena , the other pro Cecinna: To thefe Sigonivs addeth a third kinde of feeming violence; © which how jaftly he hath termed a violence, I fhall leave to the indifferent judgement of the unpartiall reader. The right of the Lordfhip or owning anything was {ued for in this | - manner : the plaintiffe did queftion with the defendant H i thus;firlt A” azctor effet ?that is, whether he had not covert- ly made away the poffeffion of the thing,thereby to fruftrate the action Secondly, Ax (ponderet that is, whether he would | J i nea Ee ame 4 bi % ic a7 5 PEE ee NS Ae ke Sat oY rig ee Ne Mk Ow a belie San hae oe Lib, 30'S * pat ina gage of mony into the court,which he wor if he werecaft, which being done, the plaintiffe did onthe demand of the defendant put ina gage of mony t < ~ diclicap.21, ne, faith, Iajaftis vindiciss & [acramentis alicnos furdos petat, A that is,they fire for other mens grounds, with unjufta@ions and gages of mony. Thirdly, 4x /atisdaret, that is; whether ground or houfe called in queftion fhould not be impaired? oe T he folemne forme of words ued in the firltdemand,is thus .- fCiccorat,pro tobe feeain € Tully, Quando in jure te conspicio, poftule anne “Murena & . fies auctor? If the defendant held his peace, then washe ad- — ; pro Coscin. judged to payall cofts and dammage;if he profeffed himfelfe as he fhould for the poffeffion thereof; if he denied it ,rhen __ did the Pretor fay untothe plaintiffe, Quando negat, facra- mento quarito ; Theteupon faith the plaintiffe to the defen- dant, Quaudonegas, te [acramento quinquagenario provece: SHondesne te foluturum quinquaginta affes, fi autlor fis? To -. whom the defendant replyed, Spondeo quinquaginta affes ae autlor fim: Tu vero (poude(ne idem, ai fim? The Plaintiffe an- ek fwered, Ego quog, Spondeo. Now in this kind of ftipulation, Re git the plaintiffe was faid Sponfione & facramento provocare, fa- : eramentorogare,quarcre,c& ftipulari,that is,tochallenge one aa _ to pawnea fummeof mony for the, triall of a fuitin law. 5 The defendant was faid,cotexdere ex provocatione,contende- Suite re facraménto,c& refipulari,that is,to be {aed in fach maner. pSip,dejud.. This mony was termed /acramentum, * becanfe when it capt. was forfeited,it was beltowed inrebus (aoris & divint, Tous : ching the lat interrogatory , I read no fet forme of words, ure | but by the word /atisdatio,theintelligentreader may cone bee . jeQ, thatit did fomewhat fymbolize with our Englith cu- __- #Sigon.deju- Rome of putting in bayle."This putting in of bayle was two- dielc27. fold: The one was /atisdare indicarum oli, to bind himfelfe “ forfeited, ifhe prevailed not in his {uic. This gage of mony ey y Sigon.de ju- was termed! /acramentum:and in this fenfe,7 ly pro Adilo. 4 44 . he would putin farety, that during the triall in law, the — «§ x the prefent poffefor.then did the plaintiffe proceedinmaner — yt “VW Ua : i Coe SOS My G Zana 2M dis (ep) SAS VY oY he $ SS WOEN Ss |, = ro] ZWSNEN rts LIB. 4. : Rites and cwstomes obferved by the Romans Me | | in their warres. : a De Militia, = Ouching the art.AAs/itary ufed ae mong the Romans,xt will not be im- pertinent to confider firlt how war <9 was proclaimed, and peace eftabli- 1 °¥° fhed by them; then to marchonto. ¥e& the defcription of their bands, or <>) companies, where we may firft ob- 2 ferve the office of their chiefe Cap- ee taine, and their {ubordinate leaders, cogether with the feveral wards, into whichthe univerfall. army was divided. After this we may defcend unte thedi- verfity of punifhments uled toward.Captives;and likewife 5: towards refractorious and difobedient fouldiers:Addingasa. Corollary or Period to our whole difcourfe the feverall re) A wards, which the L. Generall with his fouldiers after the performance of certaine noble atchievements received. J . of Cur rm a _ - Deritu, quem Romani obfervarunt vel fedus feriem > in , 3 Fs i] 2 S | Y ‘ E . H ‘ & & “ti Bs j _ vaulog at armes. The rites and ceremonies, which they ufed, a Captain;and whatfoever fouldier was difcharged.of his fer- - now tobeconcluded) took up aftone in his hand * ufing this 4 polyb vid, _ folemne forme of words: Ss ret?e && fine dolo malo hoc fae Rofin.antiq. finaliter aut ago aut cogito (ceterss omnibus falvis) in pro» - b Many fay thac he did caft thar {tone at an hogge or, porker » Sig, de jure _ brought thither purpofely, adding thefe words to the fore Ital.1,cap, 1. tlle Diespiter,populum Rom fic ferito, wt ego hunc porcum ho- = POS Wr, ee | im ‘ft tes, vel bellum inferentes: & de triplici ratio- Vie EG): ar lommmie ue Comrerivands militetc: 06 UR ee A 2 Pate : ‘ YEE may remember that it hath been already x: / fhewne,that boththe proclaiming of warre and eace belonged untoacertaine order of Roman Priefts cale fea Feciales, who by reafon of their office I englithed e+ when they proclaimed peace wereas followeth: viz: One of thofe Heraldshaving hiscommiffion from the State (af: _ ter that both fides had agreed upon the truce and league a dus atG, hot jusjurandum facio,dii mihi cuntlafelicia preftent, \ib.10,cap.2, \ prits patrizs, in propriis legibus , in proprits laribus, in proprits templis,in propriis fepulchris folus ego peream, ut hic lapis é : manibus decider, and therewithall he caft the {tone out of his | hand: which manner of oath wastearmed Jarare Jovem la- pidem, or per ovens lapidem, that is, asit hath beenrendred, by Feffus, to fweare by Jupiter holding altone in ones hand. mer; 5s priorpepulus Romanus defexit publico confilio, tum ave feriam: alluding to which cuftome Virgill faith, Et casainngebant federa porca, é The manaer of denouncing warre hath been already fhewn.Theaé of fervice in warre was tearmed Aderers (ub hoc velile duce, that is, toferve in watre under this or that ~ I i 3! vice: | PI ENR OF, TeaeT Ney eh JS Ey ME ane ees Ty On hee Oe a ee em RES 2a Py “254 = Libs 4. Rites and cuftomes. -vice,as having ferved out his whole time, he wascalled m#=_ les emeritus,& by (Luly fach aone is {aid fipendia confesif- to fe. 4 Servius hath obferved that the Roman fouldiers were 4 a ng preffed three manner of waiessper Sacramentum,Consarats= — oe ined, 006M, Evocationem:But¢ Lipfins cenfureth him for the a« ~eLipfiide mi- Miffe explanation of the laft member. Therefore the indiffe- — lit.Rom.lib, rent reader fhall give me leave to borrow the tearms from Adial.8. Servius: but the explanation of them partly from Servius, & ms | partly from Zip/i#s in the places now quoted. Ordinarily % - fouldiers at their preffedid each feverally take their oathnot a _ to forfake their Captain or country; and this oath was called Sacramentum milttare; the words thereof are tendred by = f Vid. Lipide € Polybius thus: Obtemperaturus (um, & fallurus quicquia ae a peas mandabitur ab imperatoribas inxta vires, & thofewereter- ai T,qial. 6, med Atilites per facramentam.8 T his fortof fouldierrs were. 2 LipGde mil, upon appointed dayesas it were of publique Mafter,elected Rom. 1.1, f dial, 4. and chofen by the military Tribuzes under the Confils: the © re yeas affignement of the day did chieflybelong ‘anto the Con/u/s, Te at which time if any fouldier withdrew himfelfe, & did not ee appeare,he was feverely punifhed, fometimes by imprifon- nent, fometimesby confifcation of his goods, fometimes by being fold for a bondflave. Vpon extraordinary occafions (aswhen tumults or commotions did canfe any fafpition of imminent danger ) the chiefe leader of the fouldiers did goe untothe Capitoll and bring forth two banners or flaggs, the onered,called therefore Vexillum Rofexm, unto which the — footmen repaired; the other sky-coloured, calledtherefore — Caruleem, which thehorfmen followed. The reafon why - . thehorfemens banner was sky-coloured, is hrendred thus, becaufe it did moft refemblcthe colour ofthe fea, whichco- lour they deemed moftacceptable to Neptune who was both: © _ the God of the fea, and the firlt authour of horfes. Now bee 7 eaufe the faddaine danger would not yield fo much time, — that they might feverally be chorne, therefore did they take there oath in commonaltogether , only one chiefe fouldier | } ‘throughout 7 , took his cathatlarge, andin , ithe relt followed inorder one by one, fay. iLiPC de mit: ING ya Sela § wpa7G-, that is, thathe fwore the fameasthe ° firlt. ifthe Tribwne diftrufted his fouldiers fidelity, then = wouldhe fweare thé every onefeverally intermesatlarge, § and thencewere they called AZilites per coniurationem;as } likewile 2GUites fubitarii inrefpe& of their fuddain preffe: pga + The i member may alfo beadmitted,if we with} Lip(ima + ipl de mil, | underftand it inits true fenfe, namely for thofe fouldiers Rom,lib. 3. whoby the L; Generall wereadded untothe body of their dial. 8. § army, he having authorityto call out fuch other fouldiers, | who for their long {ervice were difcharged from givingin: their names at a mufter: And thefe are generally by all au- | thours termed Adilites evecati,and Lip/ius deemeththemall | -one;with thofe whom Serviws calletn Adilites per evocation = _ xem, The fouldiers being thus prefled, ifthey.purpofedto make warupon their enimics,then did the L, Generall fum- _ mon them to preparethemfelves bya found of Trumpets; & . this was tearmed (la/ficues cane, acalando, which fignifieth - tocall, Which being done, a skarlet banner was hanged ont _ at the L, General his pavilion fto which ceremony I think — _ thatthat common adage did firlt arile,Conferre figua,e> Col. | Kates fignis pagnare,to joyn battle. Immediatly upon this they did Garritum tollere,inake a great {houtor noyfe withther = _ voicesto the greater terror of their enimies:8 thatthe noife Ft ae might be the greater,they did Arma concatere, ruttle toges _ ther with their armour, and clafh their fwords. Thefefoure |) eeremonies are tobe {een moreat largein * Lipfive. Vito Libis, de. _ whichwe may adde the fift,obierved by !¥r.Sy/vizs;name- milit. Rom, | Fy thatatthe removing of their campe they did: conclamare Fite eel oa | wafa, give agreat fhoutor cry im token that the fouldiers j1/.4}' he fhould trufie up their bagge and baggage:and hence itis that i Playt, cs a m Plawtws uieth this phrafe, ¢ olligaras vafis,to fignifyas much Prudolo, | as parate or expedite Now that they mightbe the readier for | battle;they did gird(as I {uppofe) their fouldiers coats clofe unto: 1 x unto them;anda fouldier thus girt was called Cénétvrus thar - mPighin faa 1Claith Pighins) Cinttu tutus, © Inde difcintbos ignavos, Ge ~ prehad lib. militia minime aptos putarnnt, Pracintlos vero fortes, Oo feptim. ftrenuos, Hence alfo is that proverbiall {peech, Jn pracintle oAlex.Gen. fare or Vivere , tobe inareadineffe continually. he ig — dictd. 1.6.20." Noy ouder ad morem difcintti vivere Natte. Perf. Sat, 3: a : : : C A P 6 2. ; ) . 28 n- | i ‘epee e “9 + . ; De Legtone, Auxiliis,& Legionis partibus, HE Roman forces were .in old time divided into two feverall parts; namely s# Legiones & auxilia, into Legions. and Auxiliary bands. The Auxiliary bands were {uch forces as the neighbour and confederatecoun- _ ! tries did fend unto the Romans, The Legions were taken pPlutarchin out of thebody of the Romans, P Legio,a deligendo ditta ef, a Romulo, _ from the choice and felecting of fouldiers. 4 Rormulus is (aid j : ) --- qRofnant. to havebeen the firftauthor of thefe Legions, making eve- ae : lib.s CCAP. 4s # Sig, de jure Romi, I om § 5° ry Legion to containe three thoufand footmen , and three hundred horfemen,* one thoufand footmenand one hundred horfemen being taken ont ofeach nationallTribe.Atterward | ‘it was augmented by Romulus himfelfe into foure thoufand fSigon.ib. footmen;fwhence it was called Quadrata legio. And in pro. @ cefle of time a legion increafed unto the numberof fixthou- fand: which number it feldome or never exceeded (as it ap- 2 Alex,Gen, pearethby Sigon. in the place nowquoted.) Now tnone ~ dier.l.1,c.20, could be ordinarily regiftred fora fouldier untill the feven- # Pancirol, 1. teenth yeare of hisage, "at which his firlt admiffion he was _ Ferum deper- eearmed Tyra, a frefh-water fouldier:and hence figuratively dit. cap.de — Tyrocininm hath not been tranflated only the firft , habit:& veft.. yrocininm noc cen ra Hd y the nrit entrance % "into warre, but alfo the initiation or firft entrance into any veter, Comment. 1b.2.¢. 3. Wego! ¢ Varro lib,3 — de re ruftica. _ $ maniples,every maniple two Centuries,every Century an _ hundred fouldiers:whence theyfrom Centum were called Letlisee tin abatt : in & erie tiled: ROM [EOC ‘nium containing ten fouldiers befides their Captain, * which ¢ Rotin.ibid, D wascalled Decauus,and caput Contubernii. Where we mutt d Veger,vid.: Rofin.ant, Rom. |. 10.¢,7 SPS Fe aT a ‘S Sy ao oN 2 ™ x % S x SS AN CS NS % = we G ™ 8 Og = SS a it =. Ste r= i #2 is ie) + =s ay 3 om pes | fubdivided into three lefle companies called Decuria: every . Sees ae "Dette. Sedge Bara ae * ;4 - . ¢ ee \ ’. a 2) Hee zine “e 7) eee ‘os oy EE bre 2 ¢ i I ON oa Te ean es oe a eB a PES A es t e Lipf. de mil, Rom, lib, 2. dial.10, . taken forhim, whoby commiffion from the ftate hath the 4 fBarth.La- tom. in Phil, Orat. 14. g Liplde mil, Rom.],1.di. 3. b Lipf.de mil. a Rom, lib.4. dial, 3. Bh ‘gem r ee ane 4 a ‘ ris Sesh 8 x es _ Decuria containing ten horfemen:whence the captain was called Decwrio,and the captaines over the greater troopes, _ledby the name of Imperator. But if he had flaine lefle then 4 hai ye hat y ei namely over the feveral wingsof the horfemen, were called = Equitum prefetti .Now the chiefe governour over the uni- verfall army was called commonly (mperator:we in Englifh call hima 1. General. His Lieutenant or L.deputy was cale led Legarus,¢ who inold time was fent non tam ad imperane. dum,quam ad confulendum imperatori. This word Imperator in the Roman hiftories hath a threefold acception: firtitis managing of anarmy, being the fame that Pretor wa8inan- 4 cient time;and in this fenfe it hath affinity with theofficeof our L,Generall. Secondly,for fucha L_Generall, who byhis prowefle havisg put fone thonfand of his enemies tothe a {word,was both by his fouldiers faluted ,and the Senate fty- - one thoufand,he was not thought worthy ofthis folemnefa. lutation bythat name. Laftly, it was takenforafoveraigne Prince,King,or Monarch,in which fenfe it was the Prenoe men of all the RomanEmperours , from /ulss Ca/far for ward. Now becaufe the fouldiers ina legion mnft of neceffi- ty differ much in eftate,age, & experience,fomebeing weale thier,elder, & of more experience then others; hence was it requifitealfo , that there fhould be a diftin@tion of places in their armies,according to the defert and worth of each feve. ral] perfon, Weare therefore likewife to underftandg thar the Con/uls every yeare made a generall mufter: at which time the military Tribunes chofe out the youngeft and poo. ret ofallthereft, and called them by the name of Velites, Their place in regard of other fouldiers wasbafe and difho- nourable, not only becanfe they fought a far off & were light- ly armed ; but alfo becaufe they were commonly expoled to their enemies as forlorne hopes. According to® Lip/ins thefe elites were commonly placed either Zn Fronte, vis, or (ornibus.1.In the front ofthe army- Secondly, in the di- ftances De ee en ee ee ee ne TEs co Se ry ae 7 ms & ty = ny” ¢ if if F ie 4 a ined : Eun? low the Prixcipes;thereby choofing to himfel fe the beft,and Ai ofthechiefe bannercalled the Eagle; ‘whence Aguilais [ipl de mil. Romlib., © alia. m Pancit.ia notit. o1ent. & occident.. imperc.3 2 o.Lipfmilic. Rom,lib.4, dial.7, i Lipf ibid. Feftus vid. being a diminitive of velum. Itwasalfocalled P Baxdum: Pancinnot. whence we doeatthis daycall fo many fouldiersas doe fight orient, & oc- {wb codem bando,aband of fouldiers: as Romulus called thofe . didert.imp, €4p.3 26 - pilam,and th it, Bee Ses called theP7incipesywhich marched in the battle im = 1 Jy before thefe Triaris., Antepilanos: which argueth that pilanos,& by confequence their weapon fhonld be that kind — x & eit Centurion Secundi pilus, chofe fouldiers. which followed next, fhould be the AZilites — ; of dart which they ealled pi/um.Their manner of embattle- ing was divers.Sometimes they would make awinged army: {o that the main body thereof fhould bein the midle ,and on each fide a.leffer company :. The main body wee in Englifh. call the Gauntgard , and the two leffer companies wee call Citinns; as likewife in Latine they called them A/a acies,& dextrum vel finiftrnm eorum. ™ Pancirollus calleth them vexillationes,becaufe there fought no more in either wing then belonged to one banner,calied in Latine vextlum The governours of thefe wings he calleth e4/arumPrafetos. Sometimes they embatled fo that the forefront of the army being fmall,it was enlarged bigger and_bigger backward , in manner ofa triangle: By" Lip/iusitisdemonftrated unto us under the form ofthe Greek.letter a. Heinthefame place calleth itcapwt porcinum,quiavelut fodit ,@ ruitivvadende, Commonly it is called ('#ueus militum , the metaphor bein borrowed,not only from the refemblace ithad witha wedg butalfo from the ufe ofa wedge:for they never embatled in that form,unleffe it was to break through their enimies,, the peircing angle being thick compacted with targets. Some- times they did in a quite contrary.manner , enlarge their ar- my in the fore- front,making it to end in an angle: and © this they called forfex & Forceps militum, Sometimes their form of embatling was fecular,& then wasit calledOrbs,vel g/o= bus militam.The banner or flag was properly: called vexilz, that fought (2b codem minipzlo feni(an handfull of hay being used at that time infteed ofa flag) ALanipulum.militum,Ovid Percita i * tSuid.inyoce. — i toa ‘that is, The Romans called their military enfigne a Bann: Barer. “ hence othershave ufed.paydegepG-,to fignifie as much as S#g- —niferanAncientbeaver, es cine Cap. 93. | De oppugnatione urbis, iis gta ad oppugnatio=- . cine nemrequiruntar, sai F the fiege ofa town feemed difficult and hard to come _pafle, thendid the Romanesufecertaine meanesof po-- # licie,for the better effecting thereof... They. environed | the town witha broad and deep ditch , adding thereuntoa — } __srampier, fortified withmanycaftlesand fortrefles ; whereby ) they both keptthe town from any forraign fuccour, & with- ) _alilifecured themfelves from fallies,.and other {tratagems. Thisrampier did extend it felfe toward the walls ofthe city; fo that-by making(as it were)a great hill,they might overtop ° the city, and fight with the greater advantage. Now that this greater heap of earth might become fitm, and well able to fupport the buildings to be erected upon it , they did caft in fach timber;and {tonesamong the earth.; and this heap of . + © earth,ftones,and timber when it was reared , was properly | » — ealled Agger; whence commeth boththe Latine verb £x- _ aggerare,and the Englifh to Cragmerate, that is, toamplifie or encreafe a matter. The ftakes,pofts,and trees, which were: rammed in about this bulwark , orrampire to uphold the. a |) earth,were fometimes called 1Cerwi,becaufe of their forked.q Lipf- Polior.’. | _ and fharp tops ,but more properly tyadé, and Vala, The lib.2dial.2. | ___,diftance or fpace between each ftake , was calted Juterval.* egies : |. dam;thoughnow jatervallem doth fignifie not onely firch Bi Cic.epibiait: | diftance,but any-diftance either of {pace or time,asitappea-, rep.74. ae te | Kk. 3, THR: Ba Bet Ry gy 4 Rolin.ent defence,whiles they were making this their rampire, wasa ul A ° ~ y¢Lipfpolior. was,thatunder it the fouldiers might approach unto the He} jatervall locorum if LT ull _ duntli, Sometimes Vall unto vines are tied;according to that received adage, which 3 # A.Gel, Noc fjonifie the inclofure,or hedging in of trees & ftakes,where- Attic. 1615+ with the bulwark isupheld:alluding whereuntot A.Geltins — a tranflateth. gonos 60 ycwy Vallum dentinm: The meanes of their Romlib,1o, Certain engine or ordinance of warre made of planks and 16, hurdles runningupon whecles,under which they might reft fecure from all {tones and darts caft from the wallsof the ci- ty: It wascalledVinea.A fecond engine was Adx#/culus. The matter whereofit was madel have not readsbut the nfe of it -‘Tibsr.dial.g. Walls of the city,& undermine them. Thus much x Lipfius feemeth to infer, whenhe rendreththe reafon of the name: Mufcalus ideo dittus,quia inftar eius animaleuli foderent (ub eo terram. A third meanes of their defence was AZ#htare te- ftudo This wordT eftado in the art Military had a double ac- ception,both being borrowed from the refemblance of the T ortos/e fhell,which is the trueand genuine fignification of yRofn,ant. this word. In thefirlt acception Teffado , ¥ doth fignifie a R.1.10,.16. warlike engin or fence made with boards covered overwith raw hides, whichferved againft fire and {tones eaft at the 4 Stad,in Flo. fo uldiers,under this they might fafely aflaile the wals, =In l4gc.re, the fecond acception itfignified a target-fence, which was a clofe holding together of targets over head like a vault or roofe, wherewith the footmen did defend themfelves from the thick fhot of arrowes or flinging of {tones, Their rampire or countermour being finifhed they ufed certain great tim- ber towers made upon whecles to runne tooand fro, which sRoGnant, theycalled Zurres ambulatorie, moveable turrets. Thefe Rom. lib.xo. towers had many {tories one over the other, wherein they cap,t6, Catrying ladders and cafting bridges thereby to {cale the AA we us Rati OER ns bo fe 2 dif- : doth fignifiea pole or flake,where : a a Cy FF we ufe when a fpeciall friend forfaketh one,UVallus vitemde- ae cepit.From the firlt fignification itis, that valam dothoften ee ee a ee = Vv tt liber, pies i =: Tae Ducit Amazbnidum lunatis agmsina pelte, Penthefilea furens . ? : The forme thereof followeth, tranflated word for word out of Marcellinus. (Between two planks thereis {et in frame: and faft joyned a {trong and big yron, reaching out in length 1,2 3.Cap. 2. after the manner ofa good great rule; out of the round bod y 3 whereof, which isartificially wrought, there lyeth forth farther outa foure {quare teame,made hollow w; tha dired paflage in manner ofa narrow trough, tied falt with many cords of finewestwilted one within the other, and there» -untoare joyned two wooden skrewess neere unto oneof which ftandeth the cunning Balifter,and fubrill y putteth in» to the hollow paflage of the beame a wooden fhaft witha big head glewed falt toit. This done on both fides , two In- {tie young men doe bend the engine by turning about cers. tain whee les. When the top of the head is drawneto the Ute termoft end of the cords, the fhaft being carried forth of the Balifta, by the inward force thereof; it yeth out of light. ) That the reader may receave the more light in the under{ta. ding of this obfcure defcriptid, I have added the very words of Marcellinus,[ Ferrum inter axiculos duos firmit compagi. natur & vaftum,in modum regula maioris extentum: CRIME ex volumine teretis,quod in medio ars polita componit, quadratus eminet fiylus extenGins retbo canalis angufti meatn cavatus, ce | | hae >¢ Alm. Mare, *. hac multiplici chorda nervorum tortilixms duo lignea Contungantur aptiffimé,quarum prope una fifit a artifex: contemplabilis , [ubtiliter adponit in ‘temonis cava * mine (agittan ligneam,Spiculo maiore couglutinatam hocg fae Eto hine inde validiinvenes ver[ant agiliterrotabilem flexum. — 4+ Macbine Quum ad extremitatem nervorum acumen Venerit fummum, Serratorie, percita interna pul: a balifta ex oculss evolat, In refpectoft 3 Nea Sc its ufe we may englifhit a crof{se-bow:but it was much big- ger,& ofa different form. The Scorpion,which now they call Onager,isdetcribedby AZarcelines in the fame place thus. Two oaken or elm beames were hewne ont, and fomewhat bended, fothat'they feem’d to bunch out in backs;& thefe in qAbhbac me- manner ofa tT {aw engin are tied faft together, being bored dietate tefti- um) Herve wee: this fignifica- that it (tartnot afunder:* From between thofe bunches,ano- tionof teftes ther wooden beam reaching forth overthwart , & ina man- isborrowed yerofa wain-beam erected up,is tied with fachdevifes uns from the Ana +) certain ropessthat it may be pulledup higher,or let d tomilts which ; y OC 'PUREO AD Bipsety ot ree cOWn ‘doe cal certain 1OWer atones pleafure ; and at the top,thereof certain yron eminent parts hooks are faftned,from which hookes there hanged downa behinde. certain {ling either of yron or tow: under which ereted gamidderdis. beame there lyeth a great piece ofhaire-cloath, fall of {mal Teftes Vid. chaffe,tied falt withcords,& placed upon abanke of turfes Fuchlinftie 6+ a heap of bricks: Whentherefore'it commeth to the poin med.l.1. Sec. : P: 4 ‘ gS he fot ¢ point $. of skirmith ;a round {tone Deing put into the fling, foure young men onone fide loofing the beames, into which the ropes are incorporated,doe draw back the erected beam un- to the hook. Thus at length the mafter of the engin flanding in fome high place,givinga mighty ftroke with a hammer (and as I {uppofeupon the cord, whereunto the erected beame was fa{tned with his hook } fetteth open the railes thatcontaine the whole work ,infomuch that this ere@ed beam being now at liberty with that quick ftroke, and hits tingagainft the fofthaire-cloath, it hurleth out the fone, that through with wide holes,through which (by the meanesof - mujé note that thofe holes )itrone cords are tied, keeping inthe whol frame _ fa ee 2d by the Romansin their warves. 26§ 00 will batter whatfoever is inthe way. And itiscalled =, . _ Lormentum.quodex eo omnis explicatiotorquebatur Itisalio = _. ealled Scorpio,becaule when the long beame or tillar is ere- _ ¢ted,it hath a fharp top in manner otafting. The modderne time hath impofed unto it the nameof Oxager,that isa wild * Affe, becanfe that wild Affes,when they are courfed by hyn- ¥. ters,fling back ftones with their heeles a farre off, fo that of- y - ‘tentimesthey pierce the brealts of them that follow them. _ . The Latme word is made from the.Greek ey@-, that is, 4/= — RUS, & cy ej¢,7Us, vel ager, Now if any aske me, why that {ackcloath or afhes was interpofed, the reafon isrendred by ~ Marcellinasintwo lines, which! purpofely did not tran-: . flate in thejr place, becanfe I would cétinue the fenfe, with out fuch a long parenthefis, Thereafon is there delivered thus;becaufe the violence and force of the erected beam re- i ie coiling,after it had been by the ftroke difcharged, was fuch os that it would fhake in pieces theftrogeft wals,except there i. ‘were fome foft thing interpofed , whereby the forcible i an ‘firength of the recoile might be by degrees fhaked. The 4- ae vies or Rangme isdefcribed alfoby AZarcellinus inthe fame place.[ The Ram wasa great tree,or beam /ike unto a malt of a fuip, having a peece of iron in manner of a Rams head, faftned at the end thereof, therewith they did demolith and " barter downe the wals ofa City. It was hunguntoa beam; ‘which lay a crofle overa coupleof Pillars, and hanging thus equally ballanced, it was by force of men pulled backward, and then recciled upon the walls.]The Rams which 7#- eusufedat the fiege of Hierufalem, ranne upon wheeless : whichkind of Rams ate defcribed by fofephus.. There be; ‘ faith he,other manner of engines,as an iron Ramupon foure - wheeles,bound with yron, and faftned with yron nayles, to this they make foure feet anfwerable to the bignefie of the: beam,and every beam hath his feverall wheel,;& when they | will batter the wall,certain men firft pulling it back , they Hs recoile itby the help of ie yogis leavers put in the ne ) : Ak ‘ ) | ex --acane, betwixt the head and the neck whereof was faltned an yron full ofclefts;which arrow like antoa womans difh- _ ftaffe,on which linnen is {pinned , was finely made hollows | - Within the bellow, yet open in many places: In the belly it ae : receiued fire with fuell to feed upon; and thusbeing gently ee _ difcharged outof a weake bow ( for with an over- {trong é fhooting the fire was extinguifhed ) if it took faftholdom any place, it burned the fame,and water being caftthereon, ce the fire increafed,neither was there any meansto quenchit, Be but by cafting duft onit. Now if they could not. prevaile by : thefe engines called AZachine; then did they make certaine paflages under ground,which they.called (wniculiftom(s fee niculus fignifying a cony-berry: infomach that thefetwo -< ppuleardyin Phrafesare oppofite, Machinis,and (3 uniculis oppugnare.as a > .YinGGaf, Atappeareth by that of 4 Plurarch, Cafar nog sam sha _ RI ea eR tae ne aera aaa rene. 5 ae “OE a Bh ba! ss oblervedby the Romans in their warres, 264 _ fed machinis rollit rempublicam, that is, He doth not now Ps covertly,buc with open violence affaultthe common weale. Car, 4. Dé Penis in Hoffes devitlos. Ax after the victory the Romans inflited diverfe 4 Adegrees of punifhment , according to the malice _foundinan enimy , yet were they alwaies compaffionate, and (as hiftories teftifie) more eyorablethen any other na- tion. The punifhments which we finde them to have ufed towards aconquered nation are thefe: Either they punithed : them bydeath; or fold them /#6 coroua ; or difmifled them ee Jib iugum;or merced them intaking away their territories; == or made them tributary ftates. © An enimy was faid tobee ¢ a Gel,7: fold fue corona,when he being placed in the market-place,a cap.4. © crowne was put upon his head in token of facha fale: or therefore certaine captives were faid tobe fold /ub corona, becaufeat fuch times they wereenvironed about with fonl- diers to keep them together; and this circle of fouldiers, as likewife allother companies, is calledCorova. When they difmiffed any /~b jugum,* they erected twa {peares with a fStad.inFlor; third lying a crofle in manner ofa gallowes: then they cams lib,1.c.12, fedthem being difarmed, andtheir belt taken away to paffe under in token of bondage. When their territories were ta- ken from them, they were commonly conferred upon old _ beaten fouldiers, in way of remuneration for their faithfull fervice.T his tranfplantation was tearmed Colonia deduttio: — and the place ever after Romana colonia, that is, a Roman Colony At which times they chofe out every tenth man, zazsfuck as were ableand of belt {ufficiency tomake& efta- blifha publique councell, 8 whom they named Deearsones, asia, de jur, ° «" ° = dir Whence we may obferve,that Decurio is not alwaies taken Tral.l.2.c. 4. fora-Captainover tenhorfemen,butfometimesitisufedto = i ae eas tack — pPigh. lib. — ‘Tyrannif, _ Pho, --, € Terent, in. ry, which by the force and power ofarmes is fubdued to the Roman Empire, & governed by fome Roman Deputy fent from the Senate: & this.is the proper & primitive fignifica. tion thereof, itbeing {0 called, Quod populus Rom.cam pro- wicit,id eft ante vicit. Second] Ys it is taken forany region of country, where the L.General man army doth mannage watre againit any nation bycome_ iniffion fromthe Sexare. Laftly,it fignifieth any publike fiin- ction, or adminiftration of office,yea any private duty,charge — ortask either undertaken, or impofed;according to thatof i Terence,Provinciam cepifti duram, that is, thouhaftunder- taken an nardtask. Now the tribute to be paid was either certain or uncertain. T he certain was properly called T7i- butum vel Stipendium; andthole who paid it were tearmed - — ' Yributarii five Stipendiarsi: and this Tribute was of two forts;either ordinary, fach as was required-from every-houfe yearely, evenin the time of peace; or extraordinar y,fach as was levied bya law ordecree of the Senate towards unex- act pected ~ st ‘ A or chief Captain over a Ro- A 4 Ps vincia hatha threefold acception: Firft it istaken foracoun- \ ae : “a eh: ie bferved by the Romansin theirwarres. 369 2 __ *pected charges. The uncértain tribute * properly called Ve- £5i8. de jur. _. Gigal,was either impolt-mony,fuch as was collected in ha- pci saa : + --. ven cownes forthe tranfportation of merchants wares, and Flor.) es ‘ 3 ¢ that wascalled from Portus,P ortoriums,or from:Porta,Por- = -tarium,and the receavers thereof Portitores. The wares af- _ ter the impoft mony had been paid, were fealedby theP2b-...: - Licanes with a certain kinde of tempered chaulk:.and this is . ‘that which Cicerounderftandeth by Afatica creta, orat.pro Flacco:or tithe corne, namely the tenth part of their graine; and that wascalled from Decem,Decume,and thereceavers thereot Decumani, though Decumanns when it isan adje- dive fignifiéth asmuchas Maximus , according to thatof Ovid.bb.t de Trift. | sitie » Quivenit hic finttus fluttus [upereminet omnes; “Pofterior. sono eft, undesimog, prior. ! The reafon of this fignification is ™{uppofed. :to-be, becaufe m Fr: Sylv. im ine4rithmetick.amongtt {imple numbers the tenth-is the Viror, illuft. greateft: or laltly that: mony which was paid-by-certaine °P:*lib » -heards-menfor pafturing their cattleinthe Roman fieldsand «< forrelts: This kind of tribute was called Scriptura, and the paftures Agri Scripturaris; becaufe (as "Feftvs faith) the 2Sigde jure : _ Bayliffe or receaver ofthis mony, called Peewarins, did Scrie RomLc4. bendoconficere rationes, that is,keep hisaccount by writing. é Where we muft note, firft, that all thefe kindes of Tributes were noronly required in Provinces or Countries fubdued, ‘butthroughout Jea/y, even in Rome it felfe:Secondly though each colletour of thefe Tributes was diftinguifhed by a pe- -eoliar name; yet by a generall name they were allcalled . .© Publicani,in as muchas they did take torent thefe pnblike ie tributes. The chiefe of them,which entred into bond, as the Cic.de Atufp. principall takers or farmers of thefe tributes T#/y calleth refponl.&,ali- Maeipes. The others which were entred into the fame bond 4s fxpe. as fureties, were termed Prades.Many times the Romans did : beftow the freedome of their city upon forreigne countries; & thedegrees of freedome were proportioned accordingly bee ey Ag ... ging, leaving them alfo to be governed by thei Bi and magiftrates. This {tate they called a A¢Zunicipall {tat — - -Latine ALunicipinm,becaufe they were Aunerts huius hon - pA.Gel.nokt, raris participes, P By Adunus honorarinmin this place is un — “Articlib.16. ‘derltood: nothing but the bare title of a Roman Citizen, — 64p.33. whereby they were priviledged to fightinalegion as free - . Denifons,not in an auxiliary band, astheaffociates.Now the firft that ever obtained this Municipal ftate,were the Cerites who for preferving the holy things of Romeinthetime of Re _ the warre againft the Gaules, were rewarded With the free= — @AGelub. dome of the city, but without power of fuffraging: 4 From — Se tN = aes whence it is that thofe tables wherein the Cexforsinrolled — fuch'as were by them deprived of their voices, werecalled a on Cerites tabule-Horace calleth fucha table Ceritem ceram for Be ake, the reafon fhewnebefore.But we mutt withall obferve, that a. fome Municipall townes have either by defert or inftant fait” obtained the liberty of {iffragingalfo, which eccafioneth that received diftin@tion, that there was AZuxitipium fine fuffragio,8¢ Municipin cum fuffragio Other eountrieswhich - could not be admitted into the freedome of the City, have obtained,’and that not without {peciall & deferved refpects_ to be affociates and confederates unto the ftateofRome.The — _, dnhabirants of dach countries were fometime called Socis, fometimes Amici, fometimes Latini zominis foci, &c. The King or Prince of fucha country did {tile himfelfe Amicus c& Socius Senat.e Pop.Rom, Here we muft oblerveadiffe- rence betweene Paétioand Fedus, both fignifyinga kindof | _ league. Thattruce whichin time of warreisconcludedupon rSig.dejure and accepted of bothfides for a certaine t limited {pace of Ital..x.c.1. time,is properly calledPactio;we commonly call it Jeducie, Peicon ip widitdiflered from Fadus-firlt becanfethat Fadw isaper= /*160n-1%. petuall truce orleague. Secondly becanfe it was neceflary, 3 that one of thofe Heralds at armes called Facialesfhouldby 7 j Rte 4 Ce -} engthin their hands: & fometimes in the fight of the ether ey, : ‘ eset tos ow é rs CE 43 = 7 : e Be ee eer alas ale a Te t r a> . ‘ a P S. * UE ee Ls ate! - t faulty, they were commonly proportioned unto the faule committed + Sometimes they were eafy ; of which fort. _ did hurt and atfi@ the body:Tothe firlt fort belonged thefe: Firk Zgaominiofa dimiffio, that is, a {hamefull difcharging of ie wasinjoyned torefigneand giveuphisfpearesforasthole =~ honour Hafta pura donati,fo others for their greater difgrace our order of the Garter, fhould be deprived of bis Garter, Sere a6 fo abe S SR ELAS: 4 se we SR > Malthe Te k - oo ted ¥ i yall ufed towards hisowne fouldiers, when they were were alfo thofe punifhments which did only brand thefoule diers with difgrace: other times they were heavier, fuchas. afouldier, whe he is with difgrace removed from the army. Secondly, Frandatio fHipendis,that is, a {topping of their pay: & fuch fouldiers which fufferedthiskindofmul@,werefaid: =” to be are diruti,fbecaule es illud diruebatur in fifc#t, nonin [RoGin, ant. militts (acculum.2'y, Cenfeo hastaria, whereby the fouldier lib,10,6025. which had atchieved any noble act, were for their greater were inforced torefigneup their {peare. Fourthly,the whole ‘cohors, which had loft their banners, were compelled to eat - nothing but barly bread, being deprived of their allowance in wheat:and every Centurion in that Cohors had his fouldi-. ets belt or girdletaken fro him,which wasno leffe difgrace _ amongft them , then it isnow amoneft us, thata Knight of sy, for. petty faults they made them toftand barefooted be- — fore the L.Generall his pavilion, with long poles of ten foot _ fouldiers. re firht Virgs#, vel Fete cadi, tobebeaten with rods; or with | ftaves & cudgels, None were ordinarily beaté withcudgelg Pe . butthofe whohad not difcharged their office,tin the fa 4 :, about that table called Ze/fer4,wherein the watchword wag } written;or that had. forfaken their place, wherethey were. — - appointed to keep watch; or thofe,who had ftolen any thing. . from ontthecamp: or borne falfe witneffe againft their fel. wi ~~ Jowes, or abufed their bodies by women:orlaftly, that had. - » <-.°*"" been punithed thrice for the fame fault: thofe which were _ EX in this manner cudgelled, were often killed in the place-bue- | ea if they efcapedalive, they went to live in, perpetuall exile-. Be ment. The ceremony ufed in thiskinde.of cudgelling was _ Trib. milit. that the * knight Martiall fhould lightly touch’ te party to _ be pnnifhed with aclub, which being done, all the fouldiers . did beat him with ftaves and cudgel!s, whence we may fay ae 7 ne ofone thatdefervetha good cndgelling inx T#4yhis phrafe & UIC. e 2% PP AS TES er ee a or with,: — ag Phil Fuftuarium meretur,Polybius calleth 1t(uaoxomay. Vid. Lipf. eee de milit.Romlib.5 dial.1 3 Ifa Roman fouldier had broken f hisrank by goirigoutof order, then Virgis cedcbatur, that is,’ he was fcourged with rods.Sometimes the knight Martial] — é upon jut oecafion would -canfe them to be fold for bonds — i - flaves,to be beheaded, tobe hanged, All thefe punifhments _ | abfervedby the Rowansintheir warres 298 , Wereperfonal or particnlar,there remaineth one which wae | ___‘generall,namely when the fault was generall,as in their up= -Yoates,confpitacies,&c. Vpon fuch occafions the fouldiers - were calledtogether; and every tenth man upon whom the } Tot fell was punithed with that kinde of cudgelling above _ >. — fpoken of;all the others efeaped either without punifhment- - } . orwith very litle. The punifhmentitfelfewas termed Des A cimatiolegionis,and the reafon of this kinde of punifhment: q isrendred by y Tully:nt metus viz:ad omues, penaad paucos Lae __ perveniret Sometimes fuch was theclemency ofthe L-Ges tj n _ nerall thathe would punith only the rwentieth,nay thehan= 003). 4 drethman,and then wasitcalled vicefimatio, vel centefimas 6 2 + : i ” - an 8 a * ie ae «ee ae fe ee Step M2 ee yaty Toy ery At a v , 4 Py eld oiiete te LS 1 ye ke fis ders DO ON SPI yoiis yibacase avdgen * 54 Dedonts milicaribas'ob ree fortiter geftarn. S000 y2 > ed tel “*Oncerning the rewards which'were beftowed it Wars. - Aosfome were bythe Senateconférred upon ‘the L, Gene. - wall; othets: were by the L. Generall: conferred upon his fouldiers .\Lhofe honours which’ thé “LG enerall received were three, Firlt Women imperatoris of which before, Se Condly./upplicatso,that is,a folemne proceffion-continuéd for | many. daies together, fometintes more, {onietimnes fewer: all | | — which daies the Roman peopledid obferve'as holy-daies of | | fring up daily prayers and facrifices' to the'Godslin the be= - . ee halfe of their L:Generall: The cuftome being thatafterfome. . © | motable victory,thefouldiers having faluted their chiefe cap... 2 | | $ain(whomLéall their LyGenerall)by the nameof Zmpera. iwi a |- ter, then-would hé fendlertersunto the Senatedight with - ‘| lawrell,wherein he required both that name to-bee confir- | | med & approved bythem,aslikewife that they wonld De- . |. cernere fupplicationes, that is;appoint fuch folemnefupplicas 2:04 oo i tions. Thirdly,they honoured hie at his: comming. homéal- « | dowithatriumph:Trismpbus vel major,vel minor erat, faith gh 2b Mm . lowe Salas cma potent AW BDE aM ie Sane 2 ANY ah 5 at ed . Te dba ha Rites adem Bombs Alexander. T heleflerkinde of triumph was properly called - ¢ Salmuth, in Owatio,z ub ove,from a fheep,whichin thistime of his tris =” Pancie.lert_ umph was led before himjand:afterward facrificed by him, pre ee é¢ asalfoir the greater triumph: (called properly Drivmphisy sume the LGenterall facrificéd a Bull: (t differeth from the grea= . ter triumph firt inthe acclamation, for inthe lefler triamph the fouldiers following did as it wereredouble this letter O | & fonre are ofopinion that it was therefore called Ovatio.In ag Ode si, the greater. triumph thefouldiers followed crying Lo trian, . phe to triampbe:- an example whereofmay be {een in* Hos ~ bSalmuthin 74ce\where he deferibeth the triumphof Bacchys; the fre —~ --PancirLrer authorofthisgréeater triumph; ftom whofe bnameal{o di- deperd.capde vers Authors doe derive this word Triumphus ,hebeing iti: triumph, = Greek called 9pfauéos,which by alitlechange is made Tri umphus, Secondly they differed ,becanfe inthe greater Tri- Rahe Gin. umph,the L.Generall did weare a garment of ftate,called by _ » dict,.6. c.17. Lome Trabea,cby others Trinmphalis,PsGa, vel Aurata vea es fis; likewife a garland of lawrell,tiding ina chariot, the Se- nator sthemfelves with tHe belt ofthe Romans meeting him, his fouldiers with their coroncts: their dhaines soother re. | wards following aftet: Butimthe leferttinmph the LE. Ges gp ont breaderingsand.a garland of mirtletree, ¢commonly going ai on foot,fometimes permitted torideé-onahorfesthe gentle: menand commonalty of Rome alone withoutthe Seadtors did meethim: . Mercover fora perpetuall memory ofthis oo their,triamph imfome.publike place certain trophies were : rn erected. Trepheam monument nm dixere, MHC MAT mOrenID, FServ Hinei edo eneum,caw tnfariptione & tithlisavo perpetuo duratisa lb. 10, vis £Dilkuns ft Saw te ogtmSwuitd oftaconverfione ftom mae king the enemiesto retire and turn back: Sometimes there. ea, were {tatues,columnes, & arches builtin token of triumph. g at cic pro J hefe arches though commonly they were known bythe Cn Plincio, name of Arcee sridmphales, yet fometimes they areeallea : Forniceswhenceitisthat T alycalleth Fabians triumphal rly R." Ants “ie i Ye 8 : ah op ataene PCa ei; hi ‘ arch a og pe - "e ae F on atch Fabianum fornicem: eo 205 ; Rowan Ge- ferved: k Sig. de jure Romer ge | necks, Phalera,horiettappings Haffa-pura, that isi a fpeare Recipes aa havingnoyron atthe end of it;(itis fometimes called Ha- °**t?7* | esepancrtesed froma fiege; it was made of grafle growing , nth # s quer —— pSaleauthin, ae _— gotonite had faved acitizens life,* though in proceffe 0 ange. allobettow ed. unpontheL.,Generall,ifhe {pared a ro @ : &a this Itaketobethereafon whyin Ovids time theEmperour had alwaies {tandiig before his gates,anoak tree inthemidt — |. oftwe lawrels,” asan- Emblem denoting two worthyvit- - pstonl tiesrequiréd inall Emperonrs.& Princes;firft, fach whereby oY the cnemie might beconquered; fecondly, {uch whereby ci tizens mightbefaved. Vnto this Ovid feemethto allude, a Speaking of thelawrell trees: so ovat ati as - pOvid Mec, to oR Refibuus Angifiis cademfidifimacnfios © YibBab.g. iar abate forts Gabis,mmediamgituchere queveum, 9 q.DionjHal.’ Fourthly;CorenaAwratis: wee only was honoured with — = Ub s0.0-° ghis, which did firlt-(cale the: walls,8 enter firkt into the ene- 0) miescity,and-heneé ithis crown wasput upon the: circleror toplikeunte thebattlements. Fifthy;(vronaCafrenfis.This _ the L.Generall’beltowed on hini;whichfirt enttedintothe ss. entmies tents 3 indid beateanit the nefemblanceofaBak ee 'wark orat leaftofthe mound, wherewith the bulwark was Phe ftrengthmed;which mound was calledin LatineValem, and a : : thence the crownit felfe was often: called Vallaris corona, aaa Sixtlys€ orona zavalis,with which he washonoured, which | a firtentred into the enimies{hip inabattle upomfea: it was ss portrayed with many fhip-beakes called in. Latine Roffra, rPigh.Ty- whence thecrowneitfelfe was often called Corona Rom - hppa a Arata. That Roman:Herenles Siccius Dentatus obtained al- —— Ariehagarn,mottall thofe feverall: rewards , and that cach manytimes, TS hui Aaltly, Carenaovalissit- was made of Mittle-tree, the Ge” y} C" 63052 senpaluereis G incruentis vittoriis, aptam effe Vea > | = «5 neris frondemcrediderunt,quod non Mare tt Ee © pena fren. a Tae fe pi Sf i aaliie ial | a “ i os ey 7 > i es ae e.% ee “a8 - we fa Fle Mpa ait ES Nt ba * +‘ i Ay i, ae La 4 spite all + ie a ; : Tae f a, & x ee re) Tala ee ¥ . = ea - ea ioe ae . ebay : ‘5 ‘ ‘3 H . 4 , 4% : of é “ts . i , ” ws hug | a ; . et: \ ay ea yan? |} : me i ‘ - Woy i ‘ “3 4 ae a 7 oH i “ : 4 ; : Le & yep 4 di a ee 48) a tee me \ a Sea rh ( ~- aM e , » $ i q = | F fad 4 J / - we Tan ae : 1 BIO pe oe aig t ri wt S' . ‘Licerain tabul nes a2 7 oi Nea rach lls ce , essvanadacianell ie Abdteere squid #470. eErayiun fanius »; ie ‘Abire Flaminio ~ “as ese SS, ere ditug, qui, &quat x ae cea Laurentia que & ¢ eh Cur, facta hint Gra ave ie 79 ce CON peared ea es 47 of1$ Bes Se a Accenfi qui? ees 169, Signatum he AE eet ce Accipere fiduciam 24° circa es & libram. rh ge ae . Accumbendi rato apud Romanos perezs libram venditio a . qualis? — ‘ O22 oF (culapiiinfula — Acerra quid aa riehibin: unde? Pe ee ER Acciaci ludi 1 pee Mpew quid? bat < * . AGiones redhibitoriz quz? Bo ee ad stiles ef gO ee te Adtus in fabula nec plures, necpau- = cum popula...) -t * ah e ee Giores effe debent , quam anda ee deplanoquid? —--- 208 | oe ce = 80 Agere forum quid ey) a : oN Addicere Baie fig conificet? _ ~ x70 Agere pro tribunali quid “soe 4 - - Addiété bona que? 170 a velitatim. = ip 4 : + Addittilervi quid 33,179 Aggere proprié quid 4°26: . 3 Is, —— Adjicialiscoena. que 2 _ ™ 66 ad Agnatos & get deducend “gl Adovea quid SS \c1) 2 ize “Wor es.) ‘ight Prov, 2 ic ewes a _ Adferiptss cinis-q UlSs fe 215 “Agonates Sali the Le - Adverfaria Pie, = 137 Agonalis mons. ag Boe te Adulterium aude 1g 7 Agones qui & unde dia 70 os Advocatus nae aBg Agonescapitolini = gg te -efidesfactas = —s—s=iéia AAQOMes Qusinquennales == gg Pails e£des Satuitni- 43 Agraria leges. vidleges re . —e£diles unde Gs ie. S50 AIG i Scriptuarii. 269. Meier Cassa unde didti? 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A > {ponderet re 24959. ifcripsio 9: tt ae 1 ¢ Cfanfdarer: 2 > AvdetememiGtprovs. 4 eee SMM 3 Aociteccelo delaplum ssi eg Maria concttere Aa ee’ Ce es — Andabata Co Andabataru more) )Armamaxe at es nl - (404 Armida donum militare Pie TG » Angues pinge duosyid efts duos ge- Armis yerfis pugnare ~ “yoo be, SMe, 40) Arvales fratres quis, quot, & unde | Angufficlavia aban ey kgs 6diGi 47. : reuticlavii py ass AropicesundediGi..-: » . 48 Ammalislex 600% Oe 220 AS: 212, 229.234) fumtec ete feriz que 833 Afiatica Creta, ae five) ae 3 (] Anaone prafedus oo BBOASyluM we ae | Anmalex. - 169 Ad te tanquam ad Ao, colin 7 Awnulatipedes 204 « gimus * . nation ie folitvg. 92 Atedane unde ate, ifs we 108 * femius 4 Romulo inftitutus 128 Atyé dies qui fe nos on, “332 = quafiannulus 201) see Andioquid © yn, 2 225 > Biffextilis ‘830 Audfor quis §. - J22¢ -Julianus - © 0: “829 Agforati qualesgladiatores “99 Lunatis: 0s)» +828 Auéoritas,jus dominii es as 9 fmagdus Sadhieent 130 Aygurandiceremonia Ante céniii cent unde die, ae Auguratus femel alicui dacus,cidem | Ratepileni quie! 2101s 269 . .. dum vixerat ,adimi non POtuit. ; Anlefignani qai hibagB os 49. | Aeseeegec ‘ed + 386 Augures unde diéti & eorum nume= ; | In Aniliam damnari papa a rus initio 3 & deinceps quantus. | Apex quid: | Ith ae BER Mccoy Coe, | Apexplcoram genie SER: vA Asguria impctrativa : if é. , : Bo / Ha a4 : ‘Odtvi . 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Fin fenaeiip confultus: aud Calende = © hve a0 ; = © 2 fignificec - 162 ad Galendas Gracas outiabago G Baliffe quid, &undedi&ta 263 Cdlige .. 397 sist as \eulhes _ A Band of fouldicrs cur fic di&. 26 Calumniam j jurare; dejiase C245, 240 gieiieat 8 0) 4968 Calumsiari,Preevaricari, sere ay ae. Bandum sting 260 + fari quomodo differuat i . Barritumcolleré |S egg Campus Martius quare didtus Tibee. “4 Ay ate Bafilica pars empl quae “2.20. ORINUS oUt: OSS ig gy 9 vig BafilicePaulique _ 9.10 Campus Selene Le yg ae Bafilicus jaGansin ludo wei, Candidatoga- 153 q ; 24 » tx4 nomenclatio> | : Beare coftuqud «= sg 2, affiduicas. inCantarig ‘Bellum quomodoindici folcume 59 benignitas reqaitira:: “149 - Berecynthia unde antes) i) 62 Blanditia> (Jo 6 f SNS Befisquid 9 9224 Candidatus Princpis.» i ideg.3 ax as Befliartiqui 202 Candidatus Quz ” 153 = Bicliniumunde diGeum \°a22 Candidatusunde 148 ‘BifSextilis annus qui © - 130 Canis CantevlayjaGatusin ida a Bigfextus dies quis, 32. sb, i $s* _jteflerario =~ 4o4 Boga = SAN GSN Site lg Cone: Conall : mats Roma — = 120 Centuria Prerogativa . Se aie im, ies apit “145 Centurio beak e > eee ; Capite damnatns * ee 968 primus Centuria. © = = 259 de ejus Capite quetito Sani te Centuriones 238. 257 pike Capitis dimicatio” == 163 Ceratetabule . ey 4 Capitis ‘diminutio, maxima, smedia, Cereales ludi. o 84 % minima) 8 7 Cererifacrificat, Prov. === clud 3 Ceres quomodo efkingi folita? 45 ; tapitlni Sagas 2 93 Cerites, prima municipes 270 q 9s iyd Carptor: aaa 84 Cindure aftriGior “350 ). —s Cafforistemplum, "42 Cindfus Gabinus i Ne | i Catapulta quid & unde, 203 Cincturus 3.56 D. Kartcaos 107 Circen/és ludi 89 2 | Keuspeoh 107 Circumvenire quid fignif, 214. - Cataftrophe vite humans’ 177 Gircus quare dicitur fallax? 7 I * RaSelorep 6 wes rs rie Circus maximus 36 sl Cavea quid - | "8 Cifpiuscollis _ mabe is oe Caveg item quod amphitheatrum. Cives originarii : “ia. "19 Civilis dies quomodo dividitur?13a 4 —Cavee qux pares amphithaatrum Civis repititius suit 30 } 9 Civitate donatus oe » Pane Capitales 368 Clam anpalam 239 . Cederede gradu 101 Clarigatio quid? Ae ; Celeres qui & unde? x60 infia Claffem ot Tee — €eleram tubunus | “¥60 Clafficifcriptores = GS an | -Cenfio haftaria "a9n Clafficum canere 46.255 fH i | Cenfors,Cenforia virga 165 Clajficus Sadi 4 y ) ‘, | Cenfia quid fignificet? 234 Cltentes qui? | | Cemefimatiolegionis —=—§»-_ 273 Clodius aceufat meechos; Prov. 6; i _ | G rican &unde di&i 194 Cogftumanfpictum gs i] tS ed a i Ma | Codes be Soar rh Ned ees on es _ ae Vader. unde? i Codex robuitus,locus in catcere, 196 Godex {upplicium quale, ‘ aedair 198 Comporendinari GaraundediG@a = EE ‘Compitales ludi Cana adjicialis Pontificia, 66 Concepriveferiz Canaulmea 125 Conclamare vala Conecaput = =. E25 Conclamatun eft— » nF | Gogno/iere & pronunciarc quomo- Concubium piesa’ ‘do differunt. >. 19 Conditione tua non Utat eine so GPbOTE, isl oily eine ORE Confarveario = Gohors preztoria _ 183 Conferre figna Beek % bi Goire quidfignif. sss: 224 Congiarium — ee 148 Colatisfignispugnare 25. §, Con/cripti patres quested primi Coflesii Magifter | 2 4g . didi ‘ 148 Cofigatisvais.. , 255 Confaales \udi ~sreaing Kg" Collina e 26 Conful . ta 163054 : Salucaris = + —__, Confal major prior i vase. ae Collis 3 Matials ne § Confularis vir Coes) . Latiaris a €on (ules Honorarii,ordinarii 165 ee eCHp gs a ats Confules non Honorarii, & fufleQi Collis 3 Opps 5 165 i Seprimius . ,.. >, Confulolim Neptunus didtus,' 89 \ Cols hortulorum. ...- . ._—-7 Contendere ex Ptovecatione , con- Collumbar -. 998 tendereSacramento - 250 Colonia Romana 1. 267 Conticinium 132 Colonie dedu&io .. . 297 Contubernium, contuberati. ious | Colonie Latins , ra need a Colonia Italiz 2.68 Convivarune quantus humerus 123 : Come(Jatio Ban Convivia aera quam varia - Comitia ¢ comitiuna aaamede dif- | sas ferunt. coe) Un Kebee apie yier 13 Comitig calata 134. 233 Cornix felix slpicim in fronla Comitia centuriata 135. t45 - bus, . Camitia Pontificia 135 Corne dextrum vel fi nifted seaie Conitia Adilitia 135 Cornuain libris quid 139140 Conitia Tributa 135.147 Corona Caftrenfis, Vallaris 276 Comitialis dies 134 Gorona Civica, Quernea 276 Comitialis homo .-,. ». 134 Corona Muralis 276 Comitialis morbus » 242 Corona Navalis,Roftrata 276 —~—~S” Comitium quid & unde? 10 Corona obfidionalis , Graminea _ Comedia unde,& ejus partes 106 Le ag hg Be Renee a Teed differenti Corona Ovalig. afer. ' Gorena on ° ee aan ot oe ee, Caniculi Amnari in mecallum 264 AR 3 Eig: bang Damnatio in gradium = ss 202 Be ee. Oe Dane in lduns 2) es 2620 “a FM EIS Bok ate voti ae a : ize < ; faumpamiees 07, See 313 Dapes Saliares i 58 iG —— Crepufculum — HENS Db in ludere aio. | CretaAfiatica 2°9 Datores in pile lufy 119 Cretataambitio -~ = 153 Deg bona” ABRs ie tie ——-Greruleutusin literis ignandis.1 38 Dea viri placa, ag _ Cribvam Carnificinum 194 Debirones quomodo traGari foliti 33 Crux : “49% Decanus quis ispecbee 257 — Cultus 198 Decem-viri ES OCA eae Cuituarii 7 Decem.viri Mitibus judicandis.209 Inter €unees refidere 19 Deciatiolegionis — 273 Cuneus in theatsis quid 19 Decretorigtela ts Caneus militum quid , & curdiGus Decume Decumanis 221.26 g , i J = Decumarus idem quod maximus, & Ty d A 2 quare ) 263 — Cuniculsoppugnare = 26 6 Dery nee SONI 2g ~ Curia per fe quid fignif. 5) Decuria. —_.127. 219,857. 258 Curia per fe idem aliquando quod Decurio ahz _ domus Curialis 48 Decurio quot fignificer 267 ; Hoftilia . Dejedio é faxo PS oe curia ; Pompeia ¢ <6 Detubruns quid & unde 21 » Tulia Deorum mater. ; 63 Curia olim apud Rom, quot: 47 Depontani 16, 135 Curiales Flamines “47 Deputatio PGES Curialis domus | 48 Defulrorium ingenium 15 CurioMaximus gz De/ulterius equus 1s Curiones Flamines di@i . 55 Deunx . 224 — Curiones fexaginta . 47 Devorat facra haud immolata 7% ~ Curionia + 48 Devovere diis inferis quid 27 Curulis(eila 984Digiis Flamen HOR Nie -Cuffodes qui 136 Dianemons PIN es AG Caffodia lignea - 196 Dicam (cribere oN 236 CybeHe, vel Cybele 63 Dicam fortiri eae Cybeteinecivculator, 6 4 Diftator Sie nity ee Rakieie: _ ‘Die noni, prodienono ‘97 CRA GIS PD ienealicui diceree |) (a! 245 sand Be ye one: Naa Dies 4 te eae oS mene SS A“ nari in opus metallj 260° ' 339 Damnatio ad beftias cM C303 , Pate SEU Rake Senna , Aa a Rt . rs 4, ie ne % ; “a ibaa IS ART, eee Os ee RM ore (PD bt Sat leas : % Dies biffexens | e eh agO Donatica ha a. Dies civilis quomodo dividieur? 132 Dubiaccena — Diescomitiales 134 Ducere uxorem. Dies fait, ex parte, fafti,& nefall. Duele. 4 134 Duun-virt factis faciundis Dies felt feriati, profeltiintercil 13 | Ss le , ey et we Be ie Dies jufti e Culeu 199 + Dies perendinus ye ~Edidum unde at Sige. Oa Dies tertius 233 Editum peculiare & noyum 169 ' Dies poftridiani & ALgyptiaci. 133 Edidfum pevemptorium 24g ba : Diffarreatio. '. 73 Ediffum perpetuum 169. 4 i -- Diffindere diem. - ey) Effart templa quid 21 ; Boa Digito provocare 105 Elephantini libriqui 14 q Digitunt: aatollere ; » deditionis. fig- Eleu fina Ceres diéa erty | tee. SHUM A io) 135 Elogiumquid secs St Mey item emptionis ; 225 Bloquentie candidatus: 169 Dii-& ‘Divi quomodo differunt. 36 Em ansipati qui a5 a Dii animales qué 37 Emencipaté deferat effe apne 2322 ea Dii communes 38 Emaneipatio 233. 243 Diiconfentes . Emifit arietem, Proy. ‘9 majorum gentium g 36: Empti de lapide, de furca, et Se a nobiles- . - Emniow quid: j 407 ~ es : Dii patrii, Dii tutelares 38 Epulonum Triumviri = GG 7 Diis ratis aliquid facere 38 Equefrie peti een a ms) - Diluculum 132 Equeftris ordo ee 8 Diludia in fabulis 439 Equimoumul ( pope - 90 . ox Dimacheari 104 Equitum diftibulie © 257 Dimicare adcertum: 100 Equitum magifter 97. 8 Dimidiatus aper omnia habet ea- Equitum praefcéti 28 | dem quztotus, Prov. 229 Equus militaris ‘>: Diminutio Capitis maximaymedia, Equus publicus. 25. minima, _ 147 Equus folis- go. : ‘Diribitores: 136 Ergaftulum andeali fel 19§.204 . Se Difcin i qui- 256 *Epnor sym quid Gellio fignif, re 4 Difcumbendt rao ¥22Rasyarod qui didi 203 4 Difcus 7@. 119 E/quilina wibus 2600S Divifores 149 E/quilinw mons. 6° a Divortiun. 75 Effedarti qui 10g Do, dico, addico. 134, 17O Buxriusdes Ayaeob apud’ Homenan - te Dodrans | 234 | 43.104, a ph Rowus Cunalig: 84 Enripidis jaGusin welleris 1x7 - Gxagero. Sar = att i - — = ws 4 5 trem seis duBores we Flamen dialis. . ag ‘eee, Vas 2s hee oxgerig Martisn ae x 54 a es ge Y Eg ae Quirinalis, ; WAbianiLuperci. ss. yn F lamines quot & unde dict, 54 “Fabianustornix =~ —=—275 Flamines Curiales_. celts ” Fabule palliate & togate _ ¥90 Flamines majores,& minores $5 | FaGtionesalbe &ruflee » 91 Flaminie edes’ “$e.. _. Faéfores in pilz lufu 119 Flaminice etsy oh Fagutalis Lupiter . 7 Flaminice ~@ Flaminie pes «4 Fagutalismons 7 Flaminio abire ye Familie appellatione quid Tikio- Flamineus Yo pe Mae ae ties fignificatur 405 Flexumines ve A EOO Familiaris parsinvidtimis _ $3 FloraDea BeOWiath ou, Fanafiltere _. . 21 Floralesludi ~ 87 Fanum quid & unde diGum 20 Floralisturba BF Farracia quid: be 193 Focus quid & unde di@us’ ~ S% ¥ artoy : "148 pro aris & Fociscertare °° 24 F affes pro magiftratu’ 161 Feciaies unde dicti Raye Be Fa/ces tubmittere 161 Fedus quid . Faffi dies, & ex parte fajlt . 13.4 Folium lah v. cybelte foliwm, Fatua . Foss; pilaqualis: ang) Eben Dea appellata 62 Forfex,(euForceps militum, 206 ~ Fauna Fori in circo maximo quid | mes 4-3 - Fax prima — 432 Fornices nt Cale - Februarius unde dictus _ 43 Fornix Fabianns 9 279 Feretrius cur JupiterdiQus 275 Forum quot modis fumitur Ferie \mperative, & Indictiv. 133 Forum agere ae Ferie Latin: 133 Forum indisere RES “Fer erie private, public, anniverfa- Forum Augutti hab riz ftative, &. conceptive 133 Forum Julian: Lahey gy, Feriatidies 133 Forum Palladium Beale Ferre legem: 143 Forum Romanum, & Forum Vetus, Feffidies | 133 TR pe Fidei famines. —- $9 ForumSaluftiy | Bangi: Fidicule 200 Forum Trajani Fidus idem olimquodfeedus. $9 Forum ran{itorium, Secu fc diet tay. 2) | oa - Rea: “a ie * aay Wigie % . re a PAPA. Oe eT Dy Ree Ue? aes Tee © 4 “NE ieee Dey ; eae Pre Des + as a VEceaaee ; ‘ : wi Far a Pe ewe we” NO SE iP aaa aed? “ee ‘ss ff Bebe ee : ie Ao 2% ay : & a Fratves EeIais. ee Fantigct Fraudatio Aapdiiag chain = ayr ee Fregit fubfellia, a 93 LT Veredes ex’ toto oath 1 Be rumentarie leges. yi aie 4 Heredes in ima cera fe “ Taimentum Ci: zoe ' Heredes legacarij *) : ee Sam p> ~ decgmanum.' piles 228 Heredes prime cerz. © ; SE Re emptum, oe Heredesfecundi a - imperatum, wae Haredes ex de unce r rindlla unde NBT ex quadrante Funda Bs Fundamentant corn, ex femuncia OS RT . A Meat ae “fextula afpertus Jo E Funus, Santee ‘Hares aaa & ‘maginarius ‘a | de Furca redempti_ BEN ues is Farce fapphicium ° . 190, 194 Hares i in toty affem seiMicudig? ae Furctfer unde, 5 19° - quomodo differr ab Harede cx Fafle cedi, 272 toro alte, ee bie. Fu/luarium meretur. 272 Harpafum ploy yah uf to - Hafta Celibaris, A a sig G, ° HafieaCentumviralis 168.219 rx Ali Cybelles facerdores. 63 Hata pura. | tye | Goan gladiatores quales, 103 — donatica ¢ agg - Gallicaqud — _ .,.127 _ graminea, eS Ue Callicinium. 132 Haffa pura donati, aer @ Gemonia {cake ubi, . 201 Haffejudices = gy Genialis quid fignif. . 40 Haffefubjici, |) en ¥ Genialis arbor Queer, 39 Haftariacenfio: 3 oS as Genialis leQus 75 Hafatiqu 238.25 A Genio indulgere, — 40 Helepolis genus machinz deferib;- ie hy , Genium defraudare, 40 tur. . (266° Bt, ~Gevivs bonus & malus 38 Hemones aliquando homines didi, “k Md Genius loci aa : - 40 37 | , Geneidemquodgigno, —=—»-_-239 Herbam dare, 276 Gladiatura 98 Hercules, ja&us in tefferis. "hy one Gladiusin judicisqud . 168 Hi/friounde di@us Globs militum 260 Homini mortuo offa ne legito Ane: ~ | Gradivusa.geadiendo = —=——s 5 7 Homa Comitialis, A Gradusi in eladiarura quid . 10x Homo incerti laris Gsees (acra,Grecalacerdos, 45 Homo omnium {cenarum Graminea ara,hafta,corona,vid..A~ Homo Plurimarum palmarum - ¥as Hafla, Corona . Homofacer. | Gragde fophos quid. 94 Hoplomathorum armatura, “Y FAN ! » 4) A ’ ‘ k & ee a gts NRE CONROE REY | Aas! ey, he - i i" nif ui ma 68 Inireviam Bair et VIE 8B Infufeis vindicijs & fcramencis e 7 . : munis aut x 6 enos fundospetere, agn Hoftilis parsin vitimis AULD te $3 In/iripta ergaftula, ce, amma i Hymen Hymenaes bhp eatery 5 Tnferipti fervi 206” ada eea 6 6s Katendere aGionem,vellitem 245 i eh Fa ae Intercalaris dies 129 . iLL Intercedere. hota ts Fe: D TS. P, Faas 245 Laterctfidiess, 333 Tacerein fenatu 63 Inter rex, tg _Tatayoms, lems, fapions, i ina- Letervallum quid = ee Pisppenh kez Intonuit levum | - Taniculs mons 8 Jotriumphe | . " famealij eg es. 5: 8 "lowoxegtia, ledi genus m4 Idus — ; : 243 lialum robur . Teataculumundedi&um — - 121 Iudicatum folvere_ Agni & aque interdicere 188 Iudices hatte _ aa Fgnobiles qui ~ 30 Indices lei forhone 3 - Lenominio/a ditifiio (le 374 _ .editione, edititij.. Ignctacapite ev 2g alterni Thicet qud fi enif, os 81 Ludices queftionum Tilotis manibus accedere adrem 69 Iudices {clei - ‘Ubotis pedibus aby 43: $9 Iudicium dare Imago idem quod nobilitas - 30 Iudictum decuriz Immolatio » €9Hudicum rejeGio | «Imperative feriz. 133 ludicum {ortitio, {ub fost, Imperator | 238 fublugum quid. Luperator quot fignif. 172.258 Iunoxes Yaperatoris nomen donum milita= Iunonij, ee “ff. 273 lusus fixe luvs aliquando nomen Effe cum Jmperio quid © 222 . Panis. 33 Imperativa auguria $0 Lupiter Feretrius quare didus. 275 Inaufpicato 48 Ivrere calumniam, five in litem, 2 Ingen fimariuma /13 Iurare lovem lapidem , vel per Io- Tncenfus 234 .vemlapidem_. Mahle Incerare genua deorum 98 Iurevocate centuriz =~ y 47 Incefus unde — 157 lus & lex quomodo difetiuts, 208 Indicere forum quid $Ius honorarium 69 India caula damnari. 214 Iuspapyrianum, _ ‘Indigites e461 436 lus pro loco in quoPigior Taek Ieducie. . 270 " fedebat, oy 248 ’ ad ‘ p f c J ¢ et , hey ae \ Te ME APN we Lea OLRM del, ra, eT, Rare ee sal Oe ae ty i ie 208 Legionis di i fin ana yocare Bas Lemnifcata palma : m lus vocatio. Fufla me eel Withee quid ager Fuvenater ud CV Seah ari Lefum ere bes tte, _ Lex & jus quomodo diffe gopitma ux Lex Curiata, Centuriata _ a A Litera. Greta =i platen. Legis promulgation es Me mum 9) 47 Leges Agrarize Poterns quid ; ~~ 4g6 =de Ambitn Lacernutus oppofitastogato 256 Cibariz s Lena. qualis veftis | 49 de Civitate & ; juce civigm Levum inrebusfacris quid 51 ad Comitia {peGtantes Lamine 200 ~— duodecim tabularum I7Z Lanii cum cum continnabulis. 189 Lex duodecim tabularum de vindi= _ Lanifie qu reas 405 _ Cis 248 Lanx * 70 Leges Frumentarize mage Lapis manalis §7 de Judicibus & judicijs “gies Lapis pro mille paff. 172 -de Legibus’ 228 ae Laquearii quibus armis pugnarefo. de Magiftratibus Big ditt 104 ‘Majeftate 24K oe Lave fub parvo 41 ‘Re Militari 23n Tate yon 41 ‘Pecunijs repetundis 243. Zari facrificat - — ae Provincijs ‘ 223 Largitio — ae &49° Religionem {peantibus ar 4 Lata fuga 189 deSenatu & i eich a Latine frie == 033 de Teftamentig «= 330 - Lgtini nominis focij © Fe de Tutelis | 33 a Latinus quis 215. deUlucapione a. ae Latro & Latrunculussunde di&i 1x Lex accufatoria 236 Laudare defun&um proroftris 76 Lex-Acilia. 44 Leéfus genialis & adverfus 75 Acilia Calpurnia Vibdag Legatio mandata votiva,libera.2 1 9 lia : nal Legatus “258 = Antia_ Sl swag Legatus quot fi gnificat _ 318g = -Antodia ee ti Legio quid, Kunde” “256 © Ateria 1i\mepaie’ : Legio Alaudacum = 38 Atinia | mee Legio jufta 257 Aurelia 237 4 Legioquadrata 26 Coclia peal Legionis decimatio,vicefimatio,cen- Caffia cree »tefimatio, ‘ 73 -Cicilia Didis Cages y bo os 33 8 Lex Licinia Mutia Liberé alii Engen Libertint 32 00 Claudia 218 — Livia 236 ~ Clodia de Comiti 217 Lex Mancipij — 240 -decipro 224 Manilia C omitialis 218 . de frument, ~ 227 Milicaris aes de interceff. 2228’ «Memnonia 239 de Magiftrar, | 22006 “Muneralis - 239 —deProvincijs © 224 Lex Orchia 239 _ad religionem fped. 213 Lex Papia 214 Cornelia 1 Agrari 226. Papitia ad religionem fpectans. -dejudicibus _ 239 a4 de Magiftratibus 240. ad comitia fpec, 218 _ de Maunicipiis 21g ‘Plautia 237° de. Provinciis . 222 —Pompeia 237 de Sicarijs, Veneficio, & Patri- Portia 214 idio - 247 Lex: Quadrupli 235 | ‘Sum ptuaria 230 Lex Rhemnia 239 Lex Didia 230 ~=©Rofcia 21k _ Domitia 1x3 -Rupilia | 136 Lex Fabia .- 24 Lex Sempronia Por 226 ‘Fannia 229. -de Civitate 214 ‘Furia 234 -decomitiis 238 Fufia 216 Frumencaria | 229 Lex Gabinia Comitialia 237 ~~. de judiciis. 236 militaris 23K de Provinciis 222 Gellia Cornelia 216. Servilia de Civitate 21g Lex Hieranica 218 =. de Iudiciis. 236 ‘Hircia 220 Locialis 244 _Bex incerta de nexu 239 Sylvani & carbonis -21¢ Judicaria C xfaris 237 Lex Terentia caffia 23297 “Julia de Ludicijs 237 ~©Titia 223 de Majeftate 24% Tulliade Ambitu 242 de Provincijs 223 de Senat, 218 - Junia ‘de pecuni js xrepetundis, Lex Valeria 222 - 244 Varia E4I de Peregtinis 215. Varinia 224 Lunia Licinia de trinundino, 23" ~Veconia 230 _Lex Letoria - (232 Labaming puma 7O Licinia de Sodalitiis 242 Libatio : 69 Sumptuaria 230 Libellos djicere 229 Licinia A butia 222 Libera toga 1§% Libenti G \ | Liftores q qui & unde one in Litemjurare 245 minores | 160 Magifirary abire Linum incidere eo ee Magiftratum ambire - Litare hake “" Sue Magi fivatus quis Lite vel caus cadere CA Ete. eet rae majores _ Hint edit MapifPratus patritii, plebei : tia.quomodo sasha 244 Magi/iratus Quinquedaanus: I Literati _ +206 Mapaamater | Lituuu “¢ 49 Malamanfio == Locali- _ 18 Meapeoli> genus. machinge : Lusenes << 6 Mancipatio te 240 , - Lucina Dea que | 73 Mans! patio adacata : 240 Lucusundediatus 23 Maacipatus, Mancipina a® 240 Ludorum Romanorum divifio 83 fancipes eet Vy Ludi. honorarij, : 98 tes. Mancipt eee 239 242. Ludi juvenales Ea Mane - ae ie oe Ludi plebeij 96 Manes, mali genij 3 2 Ludi quinquennales poe 94 Manibusillotis accedere ad rem,6 a. ~ Ladi Romani , Magni Confuales, Manibus,pedibufque difcedere ina _Circenfes. i 89. licuius. fentenriam apie ae Ludi facri 9 83 Manipulares es 8 Ludi feculares i 95 Manipuli jets : 257 Ludus Trojanus - .. FL Manipulus militum v 260. Lugere differt ab elugere 82 ex dure Mane conferrum te voco Lupa aluit Romulam 5 » & Remum . 249) expofitos. 1g: AManand conferere, Manis confer~ Lupercal ubi_ VU Ags ies 248, 249, Lupercalium origo & ceremonix 43 Manni fionis formuta 32 LuperciFabiam. iy 44. Manus-in ludo gladiatorio 117 Luperci Quindiliant 44, Maausinludotefferaio 437 Lupercorum licentia 1.44 Mare: effingi quomodo folebat, a Lu/foria tela 390 Marte proprio 6. Lufruan ~ - 5 866 Marte vario pugnatum eft ee condere 166 Martialesludi M Pyare Martiatis cotlis 3 Acbina bellies: 269 Mater Decorum = Machin oppugnare 266. Mavors ap hE Se ea ae ee leper ss a Mons Ef Pinas a eharia amphora _ 62 Mons Palatinas - -MenfesRomariorum aig 428 Atons Cua gona Cabi - Merenda unde dita? © aagx lus Mevreri fab hoc vel illo Duce. 253 Mons Vaticanus é 3 _—- Meridiantqui 804 Mons Viminalis, Fagutalis eo, _* — de Meridie ee ~ 432 Montorius ,8 | -ad Meridiem 432 Morbus Comitialis. 142 as — Meridies © ee 132 Morbus Sonticus a 242 , Reiger 17 Moribus deductio 249 — | Meralluna - a65 Muléfa fuprema, minima 186 A AMupal ypres a1? G4 Multa militares) 27. Ke, , Miles emeritus = 354-AaWei calceorum genus Bade 157 | ‘Militares mula 27%, Key Munerariz qui? 9 >. s Militariadona 273, &¢. Municipium quid & unde? ~ 270 Militaris teRicudo 262 Municipium fine fufftagio 279 MAilites per facramentum _- “cumfuffiagio > 270 _ Conjurationem “234 Manus prog gladiatura 98 3 evocationem fey 255 Manus honorarium 170 be * evocati P - ‘Maaus offendere 203 ¥ Milites Pilani 269 Murcia Venus dicta 6. : - Pretoriani 183 Murcius mons 6 p Subitarii_ 15§ Murrhata, Murrhing potio $x we Bini quis & quare Planipedes dicti. Mu/ce in conviviis qui? 124 106 Mu/culus, machine genus 2.62 Mimicefabule - 106 Mutare veltera quid? 158 Minervit 58 Mydas,iaGtusteilerarum = 116 ‘Minuritio 96 Serres Pires 103 Miffio 101 ants Mitra I i Banna he N _ Mitriact , Mittere vel dimittere iuidices ia N; L, quid fi anit, 246 confilium, 346 Nawium Charontis 80 Modiperator in conviviis 144 Nefa/ftus dies UNEP 69 Nervis ¥97 4 Dona, talorum jactus_ 113 Nexé qui 32 sit Monitor 14% Nexus 133.239.240 gig Mons. Aventinus, Diane mons, Nomenidem quoddebitum 33 ae Murcius; Remonius, facer. § Nomina facere,liberare ,exigere. 33. : Mons Coelius, Querculanus 5 Nominis delatio 245 tt | Sey 002 Nomen | Nox intempefta i ad mediam Nodfem | EAS media Node (| de media Noffe — | Ovwmin Cereali Nucibusreli@is RO - NumeSi- u 198 P ee ~ Numer in ludo tefieeaio,” 113 D AGio quid Par nat Numerus Stefichorius “ 235 4 Peanasconcinere = » Numnus pro | feftercio. 7 212 Teyeulgery CF ai OPPOnBA ES, Nunciatio Set ee ae aN AS Nuncium mittere remittere. 76 Paganica pi Pua ae eo sire 11g | Nuncuperevota. —-«-—s—s«9- Palmediaci ade Rite ore ‘Nuptie 72 Palatiaundedi@a rah . Nuptia innupte - 73 Palatina tribus aie © Nuptia faccamento ignis, & aque. Palatiniludi. 97 74 PalatiniSalii 57 Nuptialia dona 75 Palatinwsmons _ 3 ens des sb 7 Palla ae Sb - Palliate fabule Io oO _.__. Baliiati pro Gras dig hoe Sw @ \ Bnunciatio eee (142 Pallium. — EW bo, 150. . \/ Objervatio de cele. 142 Palma quare. vitorize fi ignum, oT”), — Ocrearumutus inbellis. . 104 Palma lemnifcata. | der ‘ | Olympicacertamina 92 Palmarum plurimarum homo, ior Oimen prarogativum. 141 Palmata toga — as 194 BY Onager machine genus, eiulque de- Paludamentum = = ps ae {criptio. 264.295 Par Lyceus & cius forma. 43 Opera & impenfa petiit: 92 Papyrus. 136 Operam & oleum perdidie. 92 Parma ¢ Parmulavin ~ ‘ 103 Optinafolia; 27,5 Parricidii Quefitores 168 Opius collis . _ 6 Parricidium quid 4 398.247. 4 Ops - , . 62 Paterfamilias aliquando. laniftem Optimates qui ae ee 3% denotat _. 105. a Oracula Sybillina, _ 64 Pater Fiduciarius. aga. a Orbele,gludiatores. quidam fi fic dif Pater Patratus, jo. 4° Patibulum, -Y hee Orbis milieu 260 Patres Conferipti quando. ptimum ne Gree quis ulus in ludo cefflerario, didi, 208. 1 16: Lane Pa : ~ + 209 bantur, i7t, 269 Poetelauriati Tn yao ta, capta coaétacon= PoHicem convertere 104 we 0 Redtiara bk 243 Podicem premere 104 Petunierepetunde == 243 Pollinéfores bh es Say Pecuniam occupate = (ss2.44 Pomeriumquid > Peditum difttibutio = §(257Pompa / Ss Peira quid if 263 PompaCircenfis, 86. Pendere idem qued folvere 240 Poetus pro toga. aga Penla = = =—=—_s W556 Pons fublicius: Pea 65 Peoulam mihifcidit * | 124 de Ponte-dejiciendus: 6 Perduckis, Perdueltionis, judicium Pontes per quos fuffragia tuleriat a=. ) ate | 217 pud Romanos qui: ~ 16: Pergamena A quoinventa 1397 Pontifices unde diti - 6s Peronescalceorum genus 158 Pontificia coena. : 65 Peffinuntia - 62 Pope : 68 - Pe[finuatius facerdos. 213 Populares 3s Petaurum. : 118 Populavia 4 13 Phalere,donum militare: 2.7.5 Porcas Trojanus 220: Pitta toga - 154 Porta 4 portando | 7% Pignora,cedexe, condere; fapere, Portitores qui 269 - auferre =~ - 163 Portcrium, Portgrium unde 269 “Pila paganica & trigonalis: 119 Pojtfionani: + gam Pilani Milices 260 Poftulatio, Poftulare aliquem de ad Pileam vocare 32° hoc velilloctimine - 245 Pileuws inre gladiatoria quid: 102 Potititqui. =~ 4s Pilews fignuna libertatis 32-Pracidiana holtiz: 68. Pilaws quomodo differt 2 palma, Precindté qui: 256 mifhoms & rude. 102.19 Pracinéy Rare vel vivere 256. Pilumquid ~ 259. 260 Praconi publico fubjici 224. Linarit 46 Prades 1 %bg _‘Piffrinum quid & ande: 205 Prefedfure ae 268. in Pi/frinum te dedam 205 Praefeius Airarii -y82 Planipedes:excalceati, 106 Prafediva annone 188. Plebei# qui 27 Prefettus Pretorio 182,183 Plebifcitum 143. 211 Prefedtus Vrbis 172. 173 Plumbeacharta 138 Prejice 78. Poculum bon genii: 4° Preludium.. 100; Poculum Charitatis 40 Prerogative tribus vel centuria,r4¥ Rene quibus in hoftes.dividtos ute--Pretexta toge * 1594 2.0.3. Pre Fs ¢ — &. verfari quomodo. differunt, 239 Pugeatorig tela, Prandigm 7 = Prafing fadiones, ree pirates acd PridieCalendas «(iss ZI Palpitum “Prima libamina 70, templum Se etek _ »Primum pilum, Primopilus,Primi- Puacum profuffragio 3: pilus, Primopilatus . 259 omanetulit Pundum — Princeps inter milites Romanos Puteal Libonis =. ar Profeftidies 433 SeQaadrata legio 256. \ “Primafax = ———S—~*=«S 2 Prva idem alliqu Princeps juvencutis 4110, 172 Purpurea toga Sheds J age qui “f 838.256 Puteus gk 19 Principiaque.. 259 Pyrgus Horatioquid ... 116 ergo ero polt Principia. .. 299 PyrrbicoSaltaio.. ae. F ot * . - Principium in Comitiis, © 9143.00 0 Private feriz jek a Se *) Q. en gee Proconful: 48 ( \Vadransquid agg Profiteriapud Pretorem 285 Quadruplatores os aN Proletaris . = 45 Queftatores Patricidij 168 Prologusquidiit, «|: X08 Que ftiones perpetux 168 Prologus dmtunxiecvscannis,dragere Quefsorunde 177 Sete | : 198 Queftores Aivarii _ 197, Prongon _ a1. Qaeffores Provinciales 9-85. Promittere Vadimonium 245, Quefloresrerumcapitalium 178 Promulgatio legis 141 Queffores Vrbani 177 Prowunciare & cognof{cere quomno- Overculanus mons ee S| odo difcrepant 10 Quincanxqud I 4 Procmium conz 225 Quindectm-viri,factisfaciundis,6o Pro-prator eet 184. Quinque-viri epulonum = 6G Pro-queffon > 185 Quingue-viri menfarii Quin o “9.9 : : wine : = cf Hes % ay 54 Romane n rete pro ex ta eat : : omelum & Remum. expoltop l= ty nas FnomeaRomul et har paaluin a3 cgoae in * Refrain, unde dia. 9 Rot ie A a8 | Biot: , ne pee i se AGRE Gee es WE? “pro Roftris laudare defuntuon. I. Spice rN geet Ls we yRuderdonatus. 4320 | ; A. Receptut: canere ae 146 Rudisapud laie oss pea 10k- Refacena — PUR AA 5 ai i. ; 2 Reddere - cme Ce +90 ' Acey fener Aa AQF. i - Refigere lege 343 sacra per fe quid fznif. — . 73), | Regina facrorum > § 6: Sacra Greca a gQeee é Reguli protalis, arg Sacrahaudimmolatadeyoras 7x. Relegatio. - 189 Sacramento:& {ponfione provocare,, ; Rem ratam habere 3 244 rogare,quareresftipulari. 490: Remonius mons 9 Sacramento a reftipulari. | Renunciare quid fgnificat? 76 259 |. Renunciatio Speeites 76 Saceamentum in jure quid? 250 | Repetunde — * 243 Sacramentummilicare 254 Reéepotia . 92, Sacrarium quid? - 22 | | Repudium moe: 3 95 Sacréludi quiz eT 82 Res tuas tibi habeto 75 Sastvificia, & ritus Sacrificandi 68 Retidrii qui & unde di&i? | k02 Saorilegusunde? 5. 80. Retéarii tunicati, & Retiariorim Sacro-/anitu quis digtus? ue {pongize 102 Secelum quantum temporis..... 9g Reus voi * 98 Sagum quid? ie arg Rex Romanorum a7 2 ad) Sagaire . | TSR Rew faciificulus > & Rex facrorum, Sagastogz cedants idem’ sod ces? aay 56. dancarmatogz’ : J gagE? Rhamnen/es qui? 26 Saliares dapes | 58 Rhea’ : 63 Saliiquat & unde diGi2.'s 2.01.97, Rignarius Mons 7 Sala Palatini, 1) wie Robar,locusincarcere’ °° ¥95 —‘Collini . di a Rober Lrakuné * 296 Agonales / ty i Régare legem ¥43 -Quirinales, ailuas' i Rogus | $0. Salii qualespileos gefteatss: 258. - : Roimaunde dia? ' *3 Saltatio Pyrshica axe RowgNtbstepti-collis -*' >: Salvares eft, faleas fenex, ox: “age mga | urbs nomen incoznitum Salu/lint herti ; hg? "s _ 38 Salutariscollis 5 | Salutauis ae: ' ium pil 3 Senatus « - S SSatninai ae : : 106 Fadi oe “Scale Gemoniz. ee Mads, Septaslocus i in campo ‘Marti Scena in fabulis ait a8, 108 Septem convivium, Novem convivi _» Scewain theatroquid? - _ 38 um faciunt es a! Geese Tragiea: ave _ Seotemiri fear ST SAB, pea ae Comics eel ss Roa Septionlte ibe: getty wage a ee ey ce a —- Septimiuscollis, —— $cena verlatilis vel duGilis a8Septume = aa Bos. omnium Scenaram homo 208 Sepulchrum = oatm unde dia? a7 Sepulturain fepulra J Scenieé ludi. - 84.105 Sequeftres — | 49 Scorpio,machinz genus. 264.265 Serviaddi@i Sart _ Scorpiones flagella qualia © 207 Servorum duo genera Las “a Seriba. |. 268 Seffertius : ay es hs Saiptora,yeCigals genus cur diéta Sexagenarit de crane deiiciendi s 35 . Ae ; 269 Sextans =~ ; n. 04e SO Scripturarié. agri ae 269 Sextilis menfis gg 30. ‘ Scrobiculus 23 Sextriciuxa ee eee Secepitea - -. go Sextule ee 234 9 * Seéfgrores 24% SibyZaunde diGa — - ehéz 2 glee Sedfores 225 SibyZe quot el “66% — Secundumillumlitemdo == -.201 SibyHefolium aL ae Secundum pilum, ’ fecundi pilus, &c, Siby2efoliacolligere 6 4 OE 260 Sibyling oracula a tas _ < Seceiores. oladiatores quales 103 Sicacy Sicarius Op % } ScefaCurulis 164 Sigma quid,& quomodg, olim foe a py ae Eburnea, , 164 ratum? MR bei Semidei . : 36 Sigma conferre & calatis fignis pug 29 Berea Semiffis 217.234 ~~ Mare “ass a ee Semones quafi Semi-homines. 37 Signare vota — 97 ‘Semuncia S 234 Signatores m7 if oo - ». Seraculua > £61 Silatum oy tae Senator ( -X6x Séliceraiumqud = = Se se YASS SACS : ; . Seg, 7a vas : Set 5 th he é ia 5 x i 4 $ “| a rani SM ie vit ite ; ' s , uae re * ran) ray, AR te een aie eB ah Tl er ee \ PATO Bee a oe ea | : “Rerum o a : ; ae is 2 gt Subfignant . 208 —- Sinif~rum in rebus factis - §t Saburrania” : ek) Sifferefana + 2 Succidanie hoftia 68 Siffo Jute confultis quid 4 Succidancumtergum 68 Siticines © o> 48 Suffrazia explete tae 7 © skiing & inflruamenta quibusV cftales Sufragia legitima conficere 148 ignemincerdebant- «87 Stefrragiorum punéta non tulic: fe- $octi,Socit Latininominis = 270 prem 136 Sociuafenatus, ape Rom, 270 Sumptuaria leges 228 Sodelitia,Sed | 1243 Sa0-vetauralia,Solitaaralia 166 Selea US" §4297 Superfites pro teftibus 248 ‘Solis occafus . ‘\ "32 Supplicatio,donum militare 2.73 Sophocleo digha cothurnd ‘| -210 Supplicationes decernere 272 | Sordidat unde | 3133 Sapplicia Romanorum 186 Sortibus #quatis 141 Sapplicium more majorum I9r. Sortitio(ubfortia Judicum = —- 56 Supplicium (ervile bogs st F- Spetfio 442 Suram dare , 120 Sphinx in Pronao quid fegnits 24 Sulpen/a bona 225 Spoliarium OSES eee Dictator 224 Sponfalia *- 9 a Synt befs 64 - Sponfione & facramento provocare, ye .Vid.Sacramentam, &c, i Made Spon fiones depofita pignora gt Litera Senatus Confultis fab- Sportula 2g Ee fcriptaquid’ — 179 SHalive ferie “1-933 T.'Grecis litera abfolationis ie 4 Status in yladiatura guid © gor” guares - 247 Ste fchorivs yaktus 115 Tabelle 137 Stinulo fodere 494 Tabellarius 137 S$fimulorum fuppliciom | 199 Tabernarie 106 Stipendium , ftipendiarti 368 Tabule accepti & ex penfi 137 Gtipendioconfecifle ‘°° 254 Tabule Cerate 337 Stipendii ftaudatio © 271 Fabule Publice ‘Stipesnoxiales 2cO° ss nove é 127 Stipulari,ceftipulati 250 Au@ionariz. Stolaquid&unde © = 350 Tabulamfigere 143 Stipram yee N57 Tabulariam quid '& unde * 4 quot fignificet™ * 139 pele quid fignif, 14 Styliiteinvercere 38 Ted quid mn 74 Subbafilicani apud Plawum qui. 49 Talio 207 Sublicius pons | go. 8 Rania ssc 112 Subferiproves 236 Tarenting ludi PPR ay Subjellia “x9 Farpein lex de mul&is oa 87 pov ware PP oe Varpeta Tin eae eee semey id ia 5 cn) en # 7 : “SOUS eee ypeius mons Ee ia Tne dorm militare: > a7 SBarfenfes ant roi Gs 28 Trabea tall ASD orem ds) Rut aomeue BTS Trabea ACE aes ey bbe aA - Tela luforia. exercitoria ‘roo, Regia. =a Templum Cie 20-3 Contéeiata, ieiena: : ‘Templum Augusbuse certa “ceeli re- Tragedia &. Comeediz differentia, ot ~ gio ; vane wee, o Quedant: °° fogam meng 106, 2 ee - Tergidaétores. wien ahZ, Tres fex,aut tres teff ere. 6, : oe. Oe Saddle # » 45905239. Tria nomina ase. 4 : Teffera quid. ep ob 5 ony dhe. Triarii "238.259. : Tefera milicaris frumentasianume ad Triarios vencura eft. written, 3 | _-mariajhofpitalis. .. ,. ra2 Tribuni rari nian lize, Al Tefferam hofpitii confregit 113 Tribunimilium __ 47S. v) a. ‘Tefferarius ludus:. >... 112 Tribuni plebis:.. ro tube, aa Teflamentum per xs & libram.23 3 Tribuni Rutili, Rufoli nee, Teffament um calatis,comitis. 135 Tribuniluffe&i ,Comitiati .__ 176. bi eS ae 233 Tribunus Célertim “a 169, a Cn * . Teffamentum per emancipationem Tribus yuixgi & vomxgh © a _ tamiliz 233 Tribus jure vocata. 4b Teffamentum per nexum 333 Tribuslocales, quot. 36.147 . Tefamentumin procin&u. © 233 Tribus prerogativa. «140 Teffudo quidfignificaz, «© 262.Tyibus Ruftice 148, Teffude militaris . - 262 Tribus Urbane attvac ited © damnationis fymbolum ,apud Tributarit. be fe ie ROS = vane Gtzxcos 247 -Tributum.quid, &. quotuplex 168. ae Theatrum quid éunde.... 17 Triclinium unde dictum 122 oo. Thenfe 85 Tridens inter retiasios quid 103 or Thracesgladiatorum genus, 103. Triemsquid. .. . ., 234 “Tintinnabulorit ufus in fupplis.189 Trigonalspila. lig ! - "Viti -\. 66 Trinundinum . Yehe 832, . _ “Taulusina Cuppliciis 193 Tripudium. 495K Toga unde dicta 150 TripudiumSoliftimum. sa Toga alba,candida,pura: 152 Triumphalesarcus.. 274 Toga pictas pur purea,palmata, 154. Triumphalis veltis 7 e 3 Toga pratexta,purpurca ©\,, 154 Triumpbusunde dius. ~ . 274 a ‘Toga pura quid - 451 Triumphus ab Ovatione quomodo ae & Ges SaaS the 154. differe 273-274 c Togam virilem fumere _. 152 Triumpbus major,minor, . 203) Togate mulier proimpndicn., 15¢ Triumpbus majorem, praptié., fige. > @ Tagare fabule; . .. :.. 110, nificat pine Bias TreaerOes “conquirendi_ genes fog * e ad adiarma ferenda; 181. Veni in tefleris guide. Seater ts m-viri Epulorum, . 66 Venfisarmispugnare = ..400 — Menfariit- Vefpe, & vefpiones ana § & unde pan ae Monetles2, Pe rer didti? MN ke oy eek ee MCGMMSagaKies Veber cAcseua tae h3h fe. -Reip.conftiuends 117 Ueffales Virgines 5:4 66 eRe Valetudinis 181 Veffes Romane 1 5@ Proie | 410 Feteranss | 256 Troiamusludus ss 0 Vexillariones unde & quare 260 Tropheum unde 374 Vexilfum unde 260 Trofuli: 160 -Vexi/lum Roleum 254 Tallianum: 195 Vexitum Czruleum: 254: Tunica pallio Lag “gicike Vicefimarium aurum 13 Tunica laticlavia ©.’ ae Vice fimatio legionis - 272 ? -Angufticlayia ©: i 55 Viétima unde di&a2- — 63. — ReGa Db. Midtimam hoftive 68 ___ fupplicii gems ~~ 201 vidtimarii. 72 Turns. a 257 Vigilie . 137 Tuarres ambulatoriz: 262 Viminalis mons T ere 23 1 vitwineus Jupiter 2 -'” -windicatio quotuplex 249 windicias famunto 248 Tatela 232 vindi fa liberare 32 vinea quid? 262 - wingiscedi- 209.272 Tutores dais (>) 232 wingula cenforia. 166 Sica at . 256 viré placa Dea 9 | vifceralio Sx Vai, vitis centurionum. 146 Ve .tabulis inferipr.quid Sg, 135 ulmeacoena 12: Vacationes: 213 vltimum {upplicium 117 Vadari reum 245 vmbilicusin libris quid. 140 Vadimonium promittere 249 umbre in conviviis qui 124 VallaVahi. 16% vaciaquid 234 Vallus vitem decepit Prov 262 ungule 200? Ubi tu Caius,ibi ego Caia 73 veum pro omnibus 2455246 Vettigal — 269 volumen unde dium 199 US ae ey uote : BES adhe nuncupare oe ee 2 ota fignare — Ave an ands oS ad neues OREEOS PETE CESS * 2 ohio Sea -qgotivelvorodamnaus 98 Mee Tie wortvi Ludi 52 heres.” Seaega co x 1 RODHORE. movere ludos veltempla DHE SS7 Eivhowerlas pissin a ye Prwme quid ee L pigs : 2 Ry eee rae UINe © asceptcnct hs! » 80 - d mi to a ; ‘reuDoninuseaegoDonian 73 J Ona que Saas OF! < ee ee walturii protalis eat Ngo peer 1 ‘4+ of ‘ ‘ ’ ‘ tin p