we ah MeL ries Ay’ ; i 5 : y f : We i yp ‘ hd iy A * 4, ay ¥ Se 3 : y d , 4 4 oY ee na ( sv ; yy ; ie , : : he A : 114 ry Me Ay : aggeey i + : ire : ey ? rai f if » fi " wi AG ree ano x HISTORIC PHILADELPH LA FRANCIS BURKE BRANDT HENRY VOLRMAR ae 5s SQW Loe OU et ENON aa SsQUVENIRE BD DQ ay Washington, D.C. ; fae ) Se cA (Colonial Cornfield on the Wissahickon From George Harding’s mural painting in the Central City Office of the Corn Exchange National Bank, Philadelphia y WO. AUTO-GUIDE 7} BYWAYS AND BOULEVARDS -IN AND ABOUT BESO h Geert ADELPHTA "OZ6T ‘T Joquissaq] 0} [ suNf Worf pay aq [IM uorlpsodxy [euoreuIszUT JeIUUsJUa_-INbsa¢g oY, ‘O@6L “pt aunf ‘Aeq sepq erydepeyyq ur uado Ayjeuio0f [IM aouspusdapuy JO uorjesepI0q oY} Jo SuIUsIS ay} Jo UOIWeAGaTaD [eIUUD}UI_D-INbsas sy], NOILVN HHL JO AOVIdHLINIG AHLI—VIHdTAACVTIHd “TIVH AONACNAdAGNI Byways and Boulevards IN AND ABOUT Historic Philadelphia BY FRANCIS BURKE BRANDT AND HENRY VOLKMAR GUMMERE WITH FIVE ORIGINAL DRAWINGS BY FRANK H. TAYLOR AND MORE THAN THREE HUNDRED ILLUSTRATIONS FROM PRINTS AND PHOTOGRAPHS BY LYDIA FLAGG GUMMERE, PHILIP B. WALLACE, W. V. CHAPPELL AND OTHERS I pray you, let us satisfy our eyes With the memorials and the things of fame That do renown this city. — TWELFTH NIGHT CORN EXCHANGE NATIONAL BANK MAIN OFFICE CENTRAL CITY OFFICE CHESTNUT ar SECOND STREET Nos. 1510-1512 CHESTNUT STREET ih R by ee awe bel de hale CONAGERNG les a) Foreword . Table of Historic Routes Philadelphia —The Sesqui-Centennial co Historic Facts About Philadelphia Historic Routes 1 to 26 The National Government in Philsdelonen The William Penn Sight-Seeing Tour—Summary Route A The George Washington Sight-Seeing Tour—Summary Route B. ; Table of Highway Routes asi saa for Philadelpies Highway Routes I to XII . Bulletin of Information for Auto-Tourists The Sesqui-Centennial International Exposition, Piiladeini 1926 List of Illustrations General Index Map of Highway Routes Map of Philadelphia . Copyright, 1925, by the Corn Exchange National Bank, Philadelphia v ~ v Printed in the United States of America Made by The Haddon Craftsmen, Inc. Camden, N. J. 4 THE GETTY CENTER LIBRARY I9 21-259 257 263, ake 283 284-310 apes ou we 314 316 319 320 “Proclaim liberty throughout all the land and unto all the inhabitants thereof.’’—Lev. xxv: v, x. VROCLTA \M i J THE LIBERTY BELL It summons every American citizen to the old homestead of the nation. 1776—Philadelphia—1926 5 pon Segara? ; , ‘eOLIOWIY Ul apeuawoid [NyINeaq sour oy} 2q OF Pres “Preactnod jeaquao yea13 serydjapeyiyq woos st ‘Uolstjet Pue jae ‘Qinqesop] ‘aouaros ‘AA}snpur fo AT] eJUVSaIdeI—Ayneaq vier Jo ssuupyinq hq poyuey pue xzeq Junowney OF TPH Suryoyesys FF] goddn oy} yy “Uued weil]! je AQ 94} Wort WIV AHL WOW AVMMUVd AHL INV VIHd TadV UHd AA JO anzeys Sosay e Aq poyuMouINs JMOL [PH A} oY} Sests APO dy} JO JAvaY OY} WOIT woHei0d107) 9dJALIG O19V kq ydesso1y O FOREWORD Tur Corn Excuance Nationat Bank takes pleasure in helping to make Philadelphia better known to its own citizens and to visitors from afar in a way unique among guide books. The present volume should bring motorists flocking to Philadelphia. It should also stimulate new uses for the automobile at home. For the book does more than tell about Philadelphia, it shows how to visit and enjoy every nook and corner of the nation’s greatest historic city. It does this chiefly in the form of attractive motor routes, which embrace all the places and memorials of historic and scenic importance in and about Philadelphia. It is a book therefore to be used in an automobile, not merely to be read in a library. It will be found most valuable as an exact historic auto-guide to the old homestead of the nation. Several special features will appeal to the auto-tourist. Not only are definite directions given by which the chief sights of the city and its surround- ings may be reached, but the minimum time necessary to visit and inspect them is fully indicated. For convenience and quick reference the “Descriptive Itineraries”’ show in bold-faced type the exact mileage location of the site or relic described. The visitor limited in time to one or more days will find useful the “Summary Sight-Seeing Tours,’”’ which cover the important points of interest. Frequent visitors to Philadelphia will find in this guide “‘something new” for every occasion. The long-distance tourist, reaching or leaving Phila- delphia by one of the great highway routes, will find the scheduled “‘ Detours” attractive and, in the long run, time-saving. The doctor, the lawyer, the banker, the business man, the teacher, the churchman, the industrial worker, and the social worker, as well as the general sight-seer, will find something that appeals to his special interest. Moreover, every user of the book will discover that it is a guide to a series of auto-outings every one of which teems with scenic and kaleidoscopic experiences not set down in the text. The illustrations in the book deserve a word of comment. They are a revelation of the surprising extent and variety of Philadelphia’s historic treas- ures. No single book on Philadelphia has ever given so complete a pictorial record of the city. Acknowledgment is here made of the courtesy of officials of the Academy of Fine Arts, Historical Society of Pennsylvania, National Museum in Independence Hall, and others too numerous to mention. The Rau Studio, the Newell Studio, Henry C. Howland, and EdgarS. Nash also deserve mention for some of the best pictures in the book. So much of Philadelphia’s history is national history that nearly every aspect of it has been treated in many charming books in many charming ways. The racy literary philosopher has cast his reviving spell over the forgotten and the familiar. The specialist has treated with illumination his technical phase of the wealth of material. ‘The historian has told over and over the delightful stories of persons and places. It is believed, however, that this new approach to an old field will also be found not without value. It should be noted that the repetitions in the book are intentional, and, it is hoped, will be found to add to its usefulness and pleasure. It will be obvious that many of the directions are given for the benefit of the visiting stranger. In the interest of completeness the return trip to City Hall is always scheduled. The sketch maps will be found useful by visitors. The official designation and approval of this book by Colonel David C. Collier, Director General of the Sesqui-Centennial International Exposition, as the Official Historic Auto-Guide of the Sesqui-Centennial Exhibition As- sociation, adds to its value as a souvenir of the birthplace of the nation. BROAD AND WALNUT STREETS—LOOKING NORTH TO CITY HALL The building at the left is the Manufacturers’ Club. The City Hall is at Broad and Market Streets, where all routes in this book start and terminate. Home of the city and county offices and of all the county courts, the City Hall is the largest single building in the world, containing 750 rooms. It accommodates, A Bs only a part of the 20,997 municipal employees under Mayor W. Freeland Kendrick and City Council. 8 TABLE OF HISTORIC ROUTES LANDMARKS OF THE EARLY SWEDES Memoriats oF WILLIAM PENN . Tue FounpiInGc AND FouNDERS OF GERMANTOWN Tue ANCIENT CHURCHES Some Earty CoLontaL Homes . Retics AND REMINDERS OF THE INDIANS In THE Footsters or FRANKLIN GEORGE WASHINGTON IN PHILADELPHIA A PinGRIMAGE TO VALLEY ForGE NotasBLeE REVOLUTIONARY MANSIONS CHARLES THOMSON—FiIrst SECRETARY OF CONGRESS Rospert Morris anp THE First Banks Davin Rirrennouse—First PractricaL SCIENTIST Fitcu anpD FULTON AND THE First STEAMBOATS BensAMIn West—Tue Quaker ARTIST OLtp SCHOOLS AND SCHOOLMASTERS Tue Earty Mepicat PRACTITIONERS Historic Mementos or Law anp LAWYERS Some Earty American Homes SOUVENIRS OF THE Earty ARTISTS Txomas LEIPER AND THE BEGINNINGS OF RAILROADS STEPHEN GIRARD—PaTRIOT AND PHILANTHROPIST Tracks AND TRACES OF BayarpD TAYLOR THEATRES AND AcToRS OF OLDEN Days Literary Curios AND LANDMARKS PHILADELPHIA’s OLpEST INDUSTRIES Tur NationaAL GOVERNMENT IN PHILADELPHIA “THe WILLIAM PENN SIGHT-SEEING TouUR” “Tur GEORGE WASHINGTON SIGHT-SEEING TouR” Route 1 Route 2 Route 3 Route 4 Route 6 Route 6 Route 7 Route 8 Route 9 Route 10 Route 11 Route 12 Route 13 Route 14 Route 15 Route 16 Route 17 Route 18 Route 19 Route 20 Route 21 Route 22 Route 23 Route 24 Route 25 Route 26 Route 27 Summary Route A Summary Route B CITY HALL TOWER AT NIGHT By day and by night the heroic figure of William Penn dominates the landscape for miles beyond the City’s limits, which extend sixteen miles to the northeast, eight miles to the southwest, five miles to the southeast, and eleven miles to the northwest. = PHILADELPHIA ~ The Sesqui-Centennial City HE celebration of the 150th anniversary of the Signing of the Declaration of Independence and the birth of American freedom is an event of such national and international impor- tance that the eyes of the nation, and indeed of the whole world, naturally centre and focus on Philadelphia—the Sesqui-Centennial City. Cw As the arena of the nation’s past, Philadelphia is without a peer among American cities. More than a city of historic memories, Philadelphia is a city of historic memorials. Here still stand the halls in which were enunciated the principles of human rights that gave birth to free institutions. Here are the very houses where the patriotic men of old assembled and first framed the legislative foundations of free government. Here are the historic scenes where the Revolutionary leaders and soldiers fought and sacrificed for the principles and institutions at stake. Here are still visible mansions, sites, and relics that remind us that not brick and mortar but sentiment and character build a nation. The Philadelphia of the past survives in the Philadelphia of to-day; and cherished shrines and homes, historic industries and insti- tutions, stirring relics of Colonial, Revolutionary and early National days make the city a living and perpetual fountain of patriotic inspiration. Go As a register of national progress and prosperity after 150 years of American Independence, Philadelphia of to-day is even more impressive and inspiring. In the brief period of a century and a half’since the first Continental Congress met in 1774, population and industries, natural resources and transportation, and all forms of civic and social activities have grown and developed with giant strides, and in full keeping with the spirit and genius of a free people. ow In Philadelphia to-day may be seen the great and growing Port of Philadelphia, through which flows the unmeasured natural resources of the country and the state: bituminous and anthracite coal, iron and other mine wealth, products of forest and farm, the output of giant iron and steel industries, and the diversified manufactured products of creative industry. The great Penn boulevard along Delaware Avenue, the magnificent municipal piers for coast- wise and ocean traffic, the elevated and belt-line means of transportation, the spacious manu- facturing and storage plants lining the Delaware river front, the river crowded with shipping, and the new giant Delaware River bridge, all offer inspiring evidence of the growth and progress since the days when William Penn first landed at Dock Street, and Benjamin Franklin came ashore in Philadelphia near the spot where John Fitch later established on the Delaware the first steamboat service in the world. Gw9o Throughout the city and its suburbs one finds to-day multiplied evidence of the pro- gressive march of American democracy in the last century and a half. Some of the more important facts showing the growth and progress of the Philadelphia of to-day follow: The original city of Philadelphia contained two square miles; in 1854, city and county were made co-terminous, making the total area to-day over 129 square miles, embracing 1,718 miles of streets. In 1790 the population of Philadelphia city and county was 54,391; in 1876 it was 817,448; to-day it is over 2,100,000. 11 LAaYULS WALAOd AO LOOA AHL LV “ANNYAV AYVMVTIEC HLQOS v8 ‘ON ‘YHId IVdIOINOW LSALVI AHL SH BOM Sten be oe AVMYUVd AHL 40 GVAH AHL LV NOILONULSNOO YAACNON—MaVvVd LNOOWAIVA “LYV JO WOASNW VIHdTAGVIIHd MAN AHL « wees SERIES BE ay gh ea hg a OE Be eS a Philadelphia—The Sesqui-Centennial City cd a SARE Gy THE RISING OLD CITY—AS SEEN ACROSS RITTENHOUSE SQUARE This picture reveals the astonishing growth of the city west of City Hall. Flanking the Square are new skyscraping apartment houses and the fast rising Penn Athletic Club, planned to be the greatest clubhouse in the world. Across the railroad tracks into Broad Street Station stands out the mammoth new building of the Insurance Company of North America, and beyond it the dominating white tower of the new Elverson Building. In 1777 the number of houses in Philadelphia was 3,863; to-day Philadelphia has 430,242 buildings, of which 410,136 are dwellings, 6,875 shops and factories, 794 office buildings, and 1,004 churches In 1770 the tota revenue of the city of Philadelphia was £800; in 1925 the city budget for municipal expenditures was $69,377,482; the latest real estate assessments of the city showed property valued at $2,747,153,000. The first native white child born on Philadelphia soil saw light at Second and Walnut Streets in 1680; the number of native born persons in Philadelphia recorded in the last census was 1,290,253. In 1688 the first public protest against human slavery was presented to the Philadelphia Yearly Meeting of Friends; the number of negro citizens in Philadelphia shown by the last census was 134,229. The first public industry on Philadelphia soil was the Swedish mill erected at Cobb’s Creek in 1643; to-day Philadelphia has 6,583 manufacturing establishments, employing 278,591 wage earners; the total value of production of all classes of industry in the last year recorded was $1,653,281,300. 13 ‘oz6l ‘b A[nf 40} pouuryd st Suruado [euIO} VY, “Uapurey JO Sasoys jue}SIP ay} 0} Suryoyesjs “PpjoM oy} Ul a8pliq uorsuedsns 4ses LI SaaS NVWUIV AHL SV aodIad VAAN AUVMVTAC AHL UO] dy} Uaes SI Sdarq Jedrorunyy Mou jo dnoi3 yuooyrusew sj pue snuaay sreMejad Peoiq Ssory wOI}eIOdIOD sdIAIIgG OLIV 9q} 4q ydeiso1ry © Philadelphia—The Sesqui-Centennial City Philadelphia has sixteen existing industries that antedate the Constitution itself; to-day it ranks first in the United States in the manufacture of hosiery and knit goods; first in leather, tanned, curried and finished; first in carpets and rugs; first in hats, fur-felt; first in cotton lace; first in oilcloth; first in saws; first in locomotives; first in cars for street railways. In a single year the value of the products of the textile industries of Philadelphia was $455,639,000; the value of metal and metal products was $273,589,900; the value of the chemical and allied products was $161,301,500. The value of sugar refined in Philadelphia in 1922 was $114,409,000, exceeding that of all other products. The value of printing and publishing products comes second at $100,295,100; and woolen and worsted goods is a close third at $87,219,800. The Philadelphia Chamber of Commerce, with a membership of 5,127, is the largest commercial organization in the United States, excepting only the national organization. The Philadelphia Public School System began in 1818; to-day it has enrolled 277,859 pupils, taught by 7,227 teachers, in 371 school buildings. The Philadelphia Central High School was established in 1836 and was the first public high school in the United States outside of New England; to-day Philadelphia has eleven Senior High Schools and twelve Junior High Schools, with a Senior High School enrollment of 30,131, and a Junior High School enrollment of 21,215. Philadelphia to-day is the home of 292 newspapers and other publications, including the oldest daily newspaper in America, and the oldest illustrated weekly. - Franklin’s Subscription Library, the first in America, began in 1731 with a handful of books; to-day the Free Library of Philadelphia owns 656,234 bound volumes in 73 languages, and besides the magnificent new building on the Parkway, includes 28 branch libraries. Philadelphia to-day has 41 Play-grounds and Recreation Centres, and 31 Swimming Pools, including the Bathing Beach at League Island Park; in addition there are 2,892 acres of public parks and park areas, not including Fairmount Park, embracing 3,597 acres. The Philadelphia Musical Fund Hall was organized in 1824; the Academy of Music was opened in 1857; to-day Philadelphia is known widely as the home of the Philadelphia Orchestra, established in 1901. The first theatre within Philadelphia’s city limits was the old Chestnut Street Theatre, built in 1793; to-day 49 theatres, and more than 170 photo-play houses, serve the city. Founded in 1732, the State in Schuylkill Fishing Company, still flourishing as the oldest club in the world, was adequate to Philadelphia’s needs up to Revolutionary times; to-day Philadelphia has over 700 clubs or social organizations. When William Penn landed in 1682, there was a hotel at Dock Creek to greet him—the Blue Anchor Inn; to-day Philadelphia has 30 important hotels and about 2,000 smaller ones and apartment houses; including the new Benjamin Franklin Hotel, with 1,200 rooms and 1,200 baths. Philadelphia began its hospital service with the Pennsylvania Hospital (1754); to-day it has 72 hospitals, three of them municipal institutions. The old Swedish block-house church began its services in 1677; Philadelphia to-day is a city of a thousand churches (1,004). The first Jewish congregation in Philadelphia, the Mikve Israel, was organized as early as 1747; to-day there are 152 Jewish congregations in Philadelphia. 15 Philadelphia—The Sesqui-Centennial City The first volunteer fire company in America was established in Philadelphia in 1737; to-day the Philadelphia Fire Department includes 59 steam fire-engines, and 29 hook and ladder companies. The Philadelphia Bureau of Police numbers 4,943 persons, including 4,200 patrolmen, and a Police Band numbering 65 musicians. The first omnibus line in Philadelphia was established in 1831; horse cars were introduced in 1858; the first electric cars, hailed as “‘juggernauts of death,” began operation December 15, 1892; to-day the Philadelphia Rapid Transit Company owns or operates all the street railways in Philadelphia, in 1924 carrying 872,755,398 passengers, and employing over 6,700 persons. The first subway and elevated electric car line in Philadelphia was opened on Market Street in 1907; the Frankford ‘“L”’ was first operated November 5, 1923. Gas was first made in Philadelphia for exhibition purposes in 1796, for illumination in 1817, and the first Philadelphia Gas Company was chartered in 1835; the introduction of gas throughout the city and its districts was not completed until 1855; to-day the United Gas Improvement Company supplies the city streets with 26,813 free gas lamps, and with 11,489 paid gas lamps; the city maintains also 10,350 gasoline street lamps, and 19,116 electric street lamps. The first experimental demonstration with a telephone in Philadelphia was made by Alexander Graham Bell at the Centennial Exposition in 1876; to-day the Bell Telephone Company serves 303,490 subscribers in Philadelphia, by means of its great central plant on the Parkway and 44 branch exchanges. Electric lighting began in Philadelphia in 1882; to-day the Philadelphia Electric Com- pany supplies 360,677 consumers, including the power for the street car service of the Phila- delphia Rapid Transit Company, and the power for the electrified line of the Pennsylvania Railroad to Paoli. The oldest bank in America—the Bank of North America—was chartered in Philadelphia in 1781; to-day Philadelphia has six mutual saving fund societies (with deposits of $294,- 535,823), eighty-seven trust companies and State banks (with deposits of $625,524,426), and thirty-two national banks (with deposits of $691,936,840). The Federal Reserve Bank for the Third District is located in Philadelphia. The first railroad to the West began in Philadelphia in 1834; to-day the Pennsylvania | NEW TWO MILLION DOLLAR OVERBROOK SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL 16 Philadelphia—The Sesqui-Centennial City THE NEW FREE LIBRARY OF PHILADELPHIA—FACING THE PARKWAY AT LOGAN SQUARE Railroad System, with headquarters at Broad Street Station, operates a total of 27,662 miles of trackage: 11,602 miles of single track; 4,260 miles of double track; 934 miles of three track; 704 miles of four track; and 10,162 miles of sidings. Over half of this trackage is west of Pittsburgh. ; In 1836 the imports through the port of Philadelphia amounted to $15,068,233, and the exports $3,971,555; in ten months for 1924 the imports were $172,021,656, and the exports $87,450,270; a high record was reached in 1919, when the exports were $522,391,091. we) The Philadelphia of to-morrow is already casting its sunshine before. Civic, industrial, and social leaders have well under way for the progress and welfare of the community gigantic public and private improvements, many of them authorized and now under construction, involving an aggregate expenditure of over one thousand millions of dollars ($1,048 ,499,400) : The proposed Pennsylvania Railroad Passenger Station, to be erected on the west bank of the Schuylkill River, at Thirtieth and Market Streets, is already more than an architect’s dream. Ground has been broken and construction begun on the colossal Municipal Stadium to be built at Broad and Pattison, designed to accommodate 125,000 spectators, and to play an important part in the coming Sesqui-Centennial celebration. The magnificent Philadelphia Museum of Art slowly but surely rises on its architectural acropolis overlooking the Parkway. The proposed Temple of Justice planned for the Parkway will prove a worthy companion for the superb Free Library already completed on the Parkway. The site for the new Municipal “‘Annex”’ to be located on the east side of Penn Square has been acquired and the construction of the bu'lding is completely planned and under way. The new: two-million dollar Overbrook Senior High School is already above its founda- tions, and the projected magnificent Trade School for Girls will soon be under construction. The Delaware River Bridge, connecting the two great commonwealths of Pennsylvania and New Jersey, will be completed and dedicated July 4th, 1926. 17 Philadelphia—The Sesqui-Centennial City ‘PASSENGER. TE RAMINAL - PHILADELPHIA. SYLVANTA 78 #® PENNSYLVANIA: RLAILROAD SYSTEAML THE COMING PENNSYLVANIA STATION, THIRTIETH AND MARKET STREETS, WEST PHILADELPHIA The William Penn Charter School, founded by William Penn in 1689, has just occupied new buildings and a campus of twenty-two acres, on School Lane, Germantown. The mammoth building on the Parkway of the Insurance Company of North America, founded in 1762, is now ready for use. The Penn Athletic Club, the finest athletic clubhouse in America, now being erected on Rittenhouse Square, is almost a reality. The Richmond Station of the Philadelphia Electric Company is being erected at a cost of $21,000,000. The Elverson Building, the new home of the Philadelphia Inquirer, at Broad and Callowhill Streets; and the magnificent Public Ledger Building, overlooking historic Independence Square; both under recent construction, are now ready for use. The proposed Chestnut Street Subway is looked forward to with eager expectation for its great public benefits. The Broad Street Subway, under construction, is to cost over $100,000,000. A series of well-planned diagonal avenues and highways connecting outlying districts with the heart of the city await official approval and action. The Sesqui-Centennial International Exposition will bring improvements and develop- ment to an important section of the city that is within a radius of four miles of the City Hall. The Bell Telephone Building on the Parkway, the new Elks Home at Broad and Wood Streets, the Westinghouse Electric Company Building at the western end of Walnut Street bridge, the notable Benjamin Franklin Hotel at Ninth and Chestnut Streets, are recent com- pletions that belong to the new era dawning on the Philadelphia of to-morrow. G*#9 Highways and byways in and about Philadelphia are rich in records of the progress and achievements of a free people in enjoyment of 150 years of American Independence. ‘There is no nook or corner of Philadelphia and its surroundings not included in the routes which follow in the pages of this book. 18 HISTORIC FACTS ABOUT PHILADELPHIA OUNDED by William Penn in 1682, the original city extended from the Delaware River to the Schuylkill River and from Vine Street to South Street. The oldest house in Philadelphia, now standing in West Fairmount Park, was a brick building built by William Penn in 1682. The oldest business firm in Philadelphia has-been in continuous existence in the same family since 1687, antedating even the founding of the Bank of England. In 1688, in the Germantown Friends’ Meeting House, was presented the first public protest in America against human slavery. The William Penn Charter School has been in continuous existence in Philadelphia since 1689. Old Swedes’ Church, the oldest church building in Philadelphia, dates back to 1700, although services were begun on the present site in 1677. Philadelphia is the home of the oldest daily newspaper in the United States, a lineal descendant of Franklin’s weekly, founded in 1728. The first Bible in America, in a European language, was printed in Germantown in 1743. In Philadelphia in 1752 Franklin proved the identity of lightning and electricity by his famous kite-flying experiment. The oldest Medical School in the United States was established in Philadelphia in 1765. In Philadelphia was produced in 1767 the first American drama ever publicly acted. The first Continental Congress met in Carpenters’ Hall, September 5, 1774. The second Continental Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence in the old State House, now Independence Hall, July 4, 1776. Philadelphia is the ‘‘birthplace of Old Glory,” the Stars and Stripes having been adopted here by Congress, June 14, 1777. The Betsy Ross House is at No. 239 Arch Street. In the suburbs of Philadelphia was fought the Battle of Germantown, October 4, 1777. Philadelphia has the oldest bank on the American continent, the Bank of North America, chartered in 1781, and still occupying in a modern building its original site. In Philadelphia in 1785, John Fitch experimented on the Schuylkill River with the first steamboat in America, and in 1788 established on the Delaware River vetween Philadelphia and Trenton the first passenger steamboat service in the world. The Protestant Episcopal Church was formally established in the United States in Christ Church, Philadelphia, in 1785. THE NEW COLOSSAL MUNICIPAL STADIUM—BROAD AND PATTISON Planned to accommodate 125,000. spectators, it will be the scene of pageantry and big athletic events at the coming Sesqui-Centennial celebration. 19 HISTORIC FACTS ABOUT PHILADELPHIA There are sixteen business firms in Philadelphia that antedate the adoption of the Con- stitution of the United States (1787), in some cases by many years. The Constitution of the United States was framed and adopted in Philadelphia in 1787 by the Federal Convention that met in Independence Hall. . Philadelphia was the capital of the United States from 1790 until 1800. George Washington as President of the United States lived with his family in Phila- delphia throughout the presidential years 1790-1797. The first Law School in the United States was founded in Philadelphia in 1790. The first United States Mint was established in Philadelphia in 1792. The first United States Bank was established in Philadelphia in 1795, and the building, the oldest bank building in America, is still in use by the Girard National Bank. The ‘‘Athenaeum’”’ portrait of Washington was painted by Gilbert Stuart in German- town in 1796. In Philadelphia Washington delivered his ‘‘ Farewell Address” in 1796. In Philadelphia in 1799 Washington was first proclatimed—“ First in war, first in peace, and first in the hearts of his countrymen.” In Philadelphia lived Robert Morris, the financier of the Revolution; Stephen Girard, the financier of the War of 1812; E. W. Clark, the financier of the Mexican War; Jay Cooke, the financier of the Civil War. Philadelphia is the home of the oldest art academy in America—the Pennsylvania Acad- emy of the Fine Arts, founded in 1805. The oldest existing play-house in America—the Walnut Street Theatre—was built in Philadelphia in 1808. In Philadelphia in 1809 was set up by Thomas Leiper the first experimental railroad in America. The first American novelist was Charles Brockden Brown, who was born in Philadel- phia in 1771 and died here in 1810. The first American locomotive was built by Matthias W. Baldwin in Philadelphia in 1827. Joseph Jefferson, of “‘Rip Van Winkle” fame, was born in Philadelphia in 1829. The first railroad to the West was operated from Philadelphia in 1834, supplanting the stage-coach, the conestoga, and the way-side inn. The first daguerreotype of the human face was made in Philadelphia in 1839. In Congress Hall is the masterpiece of the first native born American sculptor, William Rush (1756-1833). The Academy of Fine Arts possesses the greatest collection of Gilbert Stuart’s portraits in America. Poe’s home in Philadelphia is still standing at Seventh and Brandywine Streets. Philadelphia is a ‘‘city of firsts.’ Besides those mentioned, the list includes: the first paper mill, 1690; the first botanical garden, 1728; the first Masonic Lodge, 1730; the first subscription library, 1731; the first volunteer fire company, 1736; the first American medical book, 1740; the first magazine, 1741; the first American philosophical society, 1743; the first Shakespearean performance in America, 1749; the first fire insurance company, 1752; the first lightning rod, 1752; the first American Arctic expedition, 1753; the first religious maga- zine, 1764; the first theatre, 1766; the first type cast in America, 1772; the first abolition society in the world, 1774; the first American piano, 1775; the first American dispensary, 1786; the first water works, 1799; the first zoological museum, 1802; the first carriage in the world propelled by steam, 1804; the first American art school, 1805; the first academy of natural sciences, 1812; the first school for training teachers, 1818; the first American building, and loan association, 1831; the first American numismatic association, 1858. 20 Route 1—Landmarks of the Early Swedes OLD SWEDES’ CHURCH, 1700—FOUNDED 1677 Venerable and venerated it is the most cherished memorial in Philadelphia of the early Swedish settlers. DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY Route 1—Landmarks of the Early Swedes—25.0 m. Besides exploring some quaint corners of old Philadelphia rich in ancient streets and antique houses, this trip includes a dozen or more miles of interesting open country. Going through the famous “Neck” to the mouth of the Schuylkill River, and passing near Hog Island on the way to Big Tinicum, the route leads from the Delaware River at Essington across the marshes and over Darby Creek to the mainland, concluding with a suburban section of the Chester Pike, the oldest highway in Pennsylvania. HE lasting memorials of the early Swedish settlers of Philadelphia terri- tory are few but fascinating. At the City Hall, south side, to the right of the arched entrance, observe the bronze tablet (0.0) setting forth the fundamental facts regarding the early Swedish settlers of Pennsylvania. On this tablet appear the names of families since distinguished in the annals of Philadelphia. Especially notable are the names of Swanson (Sven Schute), Stillé (Olaf Stille), and Keen (Kyn). In 1693, for the information of William Penn, a list was made showing the number of Swedes in Philadelphia,—188 Swedish fam- ilies, including 907 individuals, of whom 39 only were native Swedes, and of whom 2 had been in the country since 1639, fifty- four years before Penn’s inventory, and forty-three years before Penn’s first landing. Going first to the Historical Society of Pennsylvania (0.5) at Locust and Thirteenth Streets, southwest corner, devote a few minutes to the several portraits of historic importance in relation to the early Swedes. Most important are those of the artist Gustavius Hesselius (1682-1775) and his wife Lydia, painted by the artist himself, who came to Philadelphia from Sweden in 1711, and became the pioneer painter in America, antedating John Smybert in New England, and John Watson in New Jersey. These portraits are high on the west wall of the antechamber to the left on entrance, which is reached through the main doorway. Noticeable on the south wall in the same hallway are a portrait of the famous Gus- tavus II Adolphus, whose untimely death at the battle of Lutzen prevented his plans for Swedish colonization in America, and the portrait of his brilliant daughter Queen Christina, who in 1653 gave to “the brave and courageous” Lieutenant Swen Shute (whose family name afterwards became known as Swanson) a grant of land em- 22 bracing Kingsessing, Passyunk, and Wiccaco — in Southwark,—a very large section of the present territory of Philadelphia. Interest- ing, too, is the portrait of the celebrated Chancellor of Sweden, Count Axel Oxen- stierna, who during the Queen’s infancy raised the funds for carrying out the col- onization of New Swedeland on the Dela- ware. In a room at the left of the main library hall is the portrait of the famous Swedish Governor John Printz, who estab- lished the Swedish seat of government at Tinicum Island in 1643. Continuing along Fourth Street (1.3) which even in Franklin’s early days was the western outpost of the city, we reach the modern South Street (1.5) (Penn’s Cedar Street), which was the southern boundary of the original city of Philadel- phia down to 1854, when by act of con- solidation the old city of Philadelphia and Philadelphia county became coterminous. Crossing South Street we enter “South- wark,” which embraced the whole region south of South Street extending from the Delaware River to the west side of Passyunk Avenue, and thence to Reed Street, to Seventh, to Mifflin, to the Delaware River again. Southwark, first incorporated in 1762, was the oldest of the nine incorporated “districts” which helped to make the greater Philadelphia of 1854. Turning from Fourth Street into Bain- bridge (1.6) (once named Shippen Street, for Edward Shippen, the first mayor of the city of Philadelphia), we enter the region, some 800 acres, originally possessed by the Swedish family of Sven, afterwards known by the name of Swanson, who lived at the foot of Christian Street in the sub-district long known as Wiccaco, an Indian name said to imply “pleasant place.” The route through Bainbridge Street to Front (1.9), and along Front to Queen, is re- markable for the antiquity of the houses. MILEAGE ITINERARY Route 1—Landmarks of the Early Swedes—25.0 m. Driving time about 1 hr. 45 min. Two additional hours, or more, may be well spent in stops, including the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, 10 min.; old houses on Queen and Swanson Streets, 15 min.; Old Swedes’ Church, 30 min.; Essington, Tinicum Island, 35 min.; Morris Ferry House, 10 min.; Cobb’s Creek Dam and St. James of Kingsessing, 20 min. For full details see ‘“‘Descriptive Itinerary.” Mileage 0.0 0.4 0.5 1.3 01) 1.6 1.9 2.0 Zk Zed eee 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.5 3.5 a7 3.8 4.6 ad 6.0 PHILADELPHIA, City Hall, south side. Tablet. Go south on Broad St. Spruce St.; turn left. 13th and Spruce Sts.; stop and walk north one block to Locust and 13th Sts., south- west corner, Historical Society of Pennsylvania. Continue on Spruce St. to 4th St.; turn right. Cross South St., southern boundary of city from Penn’s day until 1854. Bainbridge St.; turn left. Front St.; turn right. Cross Catharine St. Queen St.; turn left. Swanson St.; turn right. West side below Queen St., site of the log house of the Sons of Sven. Christian St.; turn right. Note Nos. 5 and 7 Christian St. South Water (formerly Otsego) St.; turn left. Old Swedes’ Church (‘‘Gloria Dei’’), South Water St., below Christian. Stop. Return on South Water St. to Christian St.; turn left. Moyamensing Ave.; turn left. Dead end; jog right then left on 4th St. Jackson St.; turn right. Cross 5th St.; turn immediately left into Moyamensing Ave. At 4.3 bear left. Cross Broad St. At 5.1 bear left. Penrose Ave.; turn left. Pass Point Breeze Driving Park. SWANSON TOMBSTONE—OLD SWEDES’ CHURCH EARLY “AMERICANIZATION” PAPERS Last reminder of the Swedish family that once owned most Penn’s document naturalizing in 1701 the builder and of South and West Philadelphia. pastor of Old Swedes’ Church. 23 DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY Route 1—Landmarks of the Early Swedes—25.0 m. Crossing Catharine Street (2.0), named for Catharine Swanson, and passing through Queen Street (2.1), on the way to Chris- tian Street, names commemorative of Queen Christina of Sweden, we recall that these street names are Swedish landmarks. On Queen Street near Swanson, and on Swan- son Street below Queen, old Swedish houses (some abandoned), attract especial notice; cellars once underground being now the first stories. On Swanson Street (2.1), west side, be- tween Queen Street and Beck’s alley, is the site of the log home of the Swansons, orig- inal Swedish owners of the bigger part of Southwark. The house stood on a little hill, some thirty feet north of Beck’s alley, and had a large garden and various fruit trees behind it. It was used later as a school, and an eyewitness speaks of it as being one and a half stories high, with a piazza all around it, having four rooms on a floor, and a very large fireplace with seats in each jamb. Professor Peter Kalm, the Swedish traveller, who visited here in 1748, saw the house and has left a striking description of the home where “was heard the sound of the spinning wheel before the city was ever thought of.’ The house was taken down when the British occupied Philadelphia, and the property itself descended to Paul Beck, well known in the later annals of the city. Looking south from this site one can see the projecting walls of the most cherished landmark of the Swedes in Philadelphia,— “Gloria Dei,” or Old Swedes’ Church. The entrance is on South Water (formerly Otse- go) Street, a small street off Christian Street, between Swanson and Front. Turning the corner at Christian Street (2.2), note the antique house at Nos. 5 and 7 Christian Street, long thought the only “log-house” in Philadelphia, now concealed by its board front, and curious as having been framed and floated to its present spot in earliest times from Chester county. The vista of Old Swedes’ Church that one gets on entering the churchyard from South Water Street (2.3), evokes reverence and de- light. A rude blockhouse stood on this site in 1669, and was later used by the pious 24 Swedes for religious services, beginning Trinity Sunday, 1677. The present build- ing was dedicated in 1700, on ground given by Catharine Swanson. To the. right.of.the church Sentrance, against the outside walls, is an almost oblit- erated tombstone which in a favorable light shows the name of “SWAN.” This is prob- ably the inscription of Swan Johnson (men- tioned by Watson in his “Annals” ), who was born in 1685 and died in 1733. The Swedish woodcarving of Cherubim, overhanging the rear gallery, and the an- tique baptismal font will arrest attention as objects brought over by early colonists. The inscriptions on the open Bible are significant not only for their meaning—(“The people that have walked in darkness have seen a great light”; “Glory to God in the High- est’), but also as memorials of the earliest use of the Swedish language in America. The mural tablet, on the left, to the Rev. Dr. Nicholas Cullin, the last of the Swedish pas- tors, who arrived from Sweden in 1771 and died in 1831, and whose death ended all con- nection of the American Swedish Church with that of Sweden, should not be over- looked. Of especial interest, in the center aisle (immediately in front of the chancel), is the tomb of the Rev. Andrew Rudman, the learned missionary sent over by Charles XI of Sweden, and the builder and first pastor of the new church. In the vestry-room may be seen the American “naturalization papers” granted to Andrew Rudman by. William Penn, signed and dated 1701, 6th month and 12th day. The long ride from Old Swedes’ Church by way of Christian Street (2.4), Moya- mensing Avenue, Penrose Ferry Road, Is- land Road, and Tinicum Avenue to the site of the old Swedish settlement on Tinicum Island (now Essington), shows the great extent of the southern section of the city as well as many evidences of widespread im- provement and progress since the days when the Swedes dwelt along the Delaware or were scattered widely in Moyamensing and Passyunk, Crossing Penrose Ferry (7.2), on the left, we get a charming view of the mouth of the Route 1—Landmarks of the Early Swedes—25.0 m. JOHN PRINTZ, GOVERNOR AT TINICUM QUEEN CHRISTINA OF SWEDEN Gift of King Gustav V to the Swedish Colonial Society of This portrait of the founder of the first Swedish settle- Philadelphia. The original is in the church at Bottnaryd, ment on the Delaware was given to the Historical Socie-y Sweden, of Pennsylvania in 1877, 25 DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY Route 1—Landmarks of the Early Swedes—25.0 m. BIG-EYED ANGELS—OLD SWEDES’ Early specimens of Swedish wood-carving CHURCH , these cherubim guard the record of the earliest use of the Swedish language in America. Schuylkill River, now guarded by a mighty commercial giant—the Girard Point grain elevator, but once the site of one of the earliest Swedish forts. Across the bridge (7.4), we are on the soil of Kingsessing, now the 40th ward of Philadelphia. ‘“Chinsessing” is mentioned in the deed given by Queen Christina to the Swanson family in 1653, and named on a map issued in 1654-55 by the Swedish en- gineer Lindstrom. The eye is diverted shortly by the Hog Island sky-line with its bewildering labyrinth of cranes and _ its forest of ship masts. The Cannon Ball Farm (8.2) recalls Revolutionary days when a British gunboat appeared in the Delaware and fired a shot still registered. The old Boon Dam Public School (9.0), and the new Boon Dam Public School, conserve the an- cient Swedish name of Boon, once Bond, and originally Bonde,—Andrew Bonde being one of the two Swedes who had been in the country fifty-four years when Penn made his inventory of the Swedes in 1693. 26 At Bow Creek (10.4), once the highway by which the Swedes paddled to their church at Tinicum in canoes, we cross the southern- most boundary of the city of Philadelphia, which offers striking contrast with the pres- ent South Street, the southernmost boundary of Penn’s day. Driving up to the doorway of the hos- pitable Corinthian Yacht Club (13.7), which overlooks the Delaware River at Essington, on Tinicum Island, we see on the right a tablet recording that the lawn and river front of the Club at this spot were part of the seat of the Swedish government during its occupation of the Delaware River, 1638- 55. The Swedish Chapel was situated to the eastward, near the line between the Club’s property and that of the adjoining Rosedale, now Tinicum Inn. The burying ground was near the chapel, on what is now part of the Club’s lawn. The large stone doorstep be- neath the tablet was the step of the Chapel. Directly in front of Tinicum Inn, once marked by a flower bed, is the site of the Mileage 6.5 7.4 8.2 8.9 9.0 10.4 10.6 13.5 13.6 1337 14.0 15.0 15.4 18.7 19.2 19.7 20.2 21.2 Palys 23.1 MILEAGE ITINERARY Route 1—Landmarks of the Early Swedes—25.0 m. Cross Girard Point Branch, Penna. R. R. Cross Penrose Ferry Bridge at 7.2. Penrose Ferry Inn; turn right, avoiding left-hand road. Pass Cannon Ball Farm House on left. Pass into Tinicum Ave. Boon Dam Public School. Pass Bow Creek into Delaware County. View of Hog Island, on left. Tinicum Inn, on left; site of mansion of the Swedish Governor, John Printz. Turn left into Yacht Club driveway to entrance. Corinthian Yacht Club, Essington. Tablet. Stop and walk through gateway to Tini- cum Inn. Reverse to Wanamaker Ave.; turn left with trolley. Cross bridge over Darby Creek; on left, old Morris Ferry House; 1698, on door; birth- place of John Morton. Chester Road; turn right. Turn right into Main St., Darby. Caution; R. R. grade crossing. Cobb’s Creek dam; site of water-mill put up by the Swedish Governor Printz, 1643. St. James’ Church, Kingsessing, Woodland Ave., between 68th and 69th Sts. 59th St. and Woodland Ave. (No. 5835 Woodland Ave.), old log farmhouse, type used by original Swedes. Cross 54th St., leading to Bartram’s Garden. 39th and Woodland Ave., University of Pennsylvania, Dr. Charles J. Stillé, Provost 1868-80. Market St. at 32nd; turn right. City Hall, PHILADELPHIA. ae TE ane SITE OF THE SWEDISH GOVERNOR’S MANSION, 1643 The flower-bed of Tinicum Inn, at Essington on the Delaware, marks the location. The near-by Corin- thian Yacht Club celebrates Governor Printz as the “first American Yachtsman.” 27 DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY Route 1—Landmarks of the Early Swedes—25.0 m. SWEDISH LOG-CABIN, DARBY CREEK, 1698 Here was born in 1724 John Morton, descendant of an early Swede, and Signer of the Declaration of Independence. mansion house of John Printz, the Swedish Governor (1643), who the Corinthians claim had a yacht on the river and there- fore was the “first American yachtsman.” The fort, called new Gottenborg, is be- lieved to have been on the shore some two hundred yards to the westward of the club- house. An Indian council was held here and a treaty was made by the Swedes with the Indians on the seventeenth of June, 1654. The view of the river from the Club’s lawn across to little Tinicum Island and the distant Jersey shore is still primitive and charming. Returning to Philadelphia by way of Tinicum Avenue and Island Road (14.0), we soon cross Darby Creek (15.0), to the main- land, noting on the left, just beyond the bridge, the old Morris Ferry House, a time- worn timber house once occupied by the keeper of the ferry, the antiquity of which is also attested by the carved date on the door, 1698. This house is one of the few original log houses still standing and in use. It is the type of house described in 1702 by Thomas Campanius Holme, grandson of the Swedish pastor John Campanius, who came to Tin- icum with Governor Printz in 1642. In his “Short Description of the Province of New Sweden” Holme speaks of “substantial log houses, built of good strong hard hickory, 28 REAR VIEW OF JOHN MORTON’S BIRTHPLACE The structure of this age-worn cabin still shows the craft of the pioneer woodsman. two stories high, which was sufficient to secure the people from the Indians.” This humble old Swedish log cabin on Darby Creek (15.0) was the birthplace of John Morton (1724-1777), a delegate to the First Continental Congress, a signer of the Declaration of Independence, and forever distinguished as the man who left a sick bed to cast the deciding vote that put Pennsyl- vania on the side of Independence. When many of Morton’s old friends turned from him because of his action, he left them a death-bed message, saying: “Tell them that they will live to see the time when they shall acknowledge it to be the most glorious servy- ice that I ever rendered to myncouniry. John Morton was descended from one of the first Swedish settlers on the Delaware, the Swedish form of the ancestral name being Marten. His grave and monument are at Chester, Pa. See Route IVR (9.5; 19.4). Turning into Chester Pike (15.4), con- tinuous with Main Street (Darby), and with Darby Road, and finally with Woodland Avenue (Philadelphia), we pass over’ the oldest highway in Pennsylvania, begun as an Indian trail and developed into a road- way by the early Swedes. On the way we pass rapidly through a succession of small suburban towns and reach again the bound- ary of the city at Cobb’s Creek (19.7). At Cobb’s Creek (73rd and Woodland ‘solajsnpur seiueajAsuusg jo sdejdyisiq oy} SL onudAW pue]pooMA pue pitZ ye jods Jn}ynnvaq 99u0 sry} ‘preAgTNog YseI1D s.qqod MoU dy} JO SuluuISeq sy} Suryieur pue UIDARL [JIG Wg PjO ou} IeON es €y9l “ITINWYALVM HSIGHMS S.ZLINIYd YONUAAOD AO ALIS—-WVdG MAAND S.a€d@09 DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY Route 1—Landmarks of the Early Swedes—25.0 m. = ‘i w L. SWEDISH TYPE OF LOG FARMHOUSE Woodland Avenue and Fifty-ninth Street, West Philadelphia. Avenue), the site of Pennsylvania’s first public industry, we stop to observe the dam across the creek and the holes in the rocky ledge in front of the dam. These holes are the last traces of the water-mill put up by the Swedish Governor Printz in 1643. Long before Philadelphia was founded, Governor Printz in a report to the West India Com- pany, February 20, 1647, said of this mill site: “This place I have called Mondal, building there a water-mill, working it the whole year long to great advantage for the country, particularly as the windmill for- merly here before | came would never work and was good for nothing.” Thomas Cam- panius Holme, writing in 1702, said: “Kara- king (the Indian name for Cobb’s Creek) otherwise called the Water Mill Stream, is a fine stream, very convenient for water- mills: the Governor caused one to be erected there. It was a fine mill, which ground both fine and coarse flour, and was going early and late; it was the first that was seen in that country.” At Woodland Avenue and Sixty-ninth Street (20.2), we meet another landmark of the early Swedish settlers in Philadelphia,— the historic St. James of Kingsessing, built by the Swedes in 1760. Facing the older section of the church building is a pic- turesque dismounting step, reminder of by- gone customs and ye olden days. The date- stone, high in the gabled front, came from England in 1762. St. James was the second of the three churches built by the Swedes, the third being the old Swedes’ Church at Upper. Merion, Christ Church, built in 1763. Until 1840 the records of St. James of King- sessing were entered upon the registers of the church at Wiccaco. Dr. Nicholas Cullin of “Gloria Dei,” the last of thes limeser Swedish ministers sent out as missionaries by the King of Sweden, even when the col- onies had passed under British rule, offi- ciated over all three Swedish Churches until his death in 1831. In 1786 the vestry in- formed his Majesty of Sweden that, while agreeing to receive the Rev. Mr. Cullin as their pastor and rector, it reserved the right hereafter of their own appointment of a min- _ ister, particularly, so this letter said, “as 30 the Swedish language was almost entirely extinct in Pennsylvania.” 3) lhe pread- minded answer of the Swedish king: is still cherished. St. James was brought into union with the conyention of the Protestant Epis- copal Church in 1844. As this trip is continued along Woodland Avenue three other interesting Swedish asso- ciations may be noted before reaching the heart of the city. At Fifty-ninth Street and Woodland Ave- nue (21.2), on the left, still stands (No. 5835 Woodland Avenue) a low two-story white- washed wooden house, the type of farm- house of an early Swedish settler, described by Acrelius, the Swedish annalist. Acrelius speaks of “Chinsessing, a place upon the Schuylkill, where five families of freemen dwelt together in houses two stories high, built of white-nut tree (hickory), which was at that time regarded as the best material for building houses, but in later times was altogether disapproved for such purposes.” At Fifty-fourth Street (21.7), a short de- tour to the right brings one to John Bar- tram’s historic home and garden, set up in the wilderness in 1731. Fuller directions and details regarding this early colonial home are given in Route 5. Here came in 1748 the distinguished Swedish traveller Peter Kalm, Professor in the University of Aabo, “SSOUIOPJIM URdTIOUY oy} UI AT[TNJYyWeJ posoqey ,SolBUOIssiw Usla10y,, UOYM skep oy} JO | PIIOWOUT B st YOINYO sly} ‘suBdJouy JO sUOTZeIoUas aAIssadons Aq Payslieyo Pue *S}STUOTOS YStSuy oY} Aq posojso} ‘sueuliay Aq pasesnodu ‘sapamg Aq pepunoy AHI—VIHdTAaVIIHd LSAM ‘DNISSASONIN “HOUND SaWvf “LS HOUNHOD HSIGAMS ANOOUS Rn * ee cox 28 te e DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY Route 1—Landmarks of the Early Swedes—25.0 m. who in his “Travels Into North America” has left an invaluable picture of the Phila- delphia of this early period, and a particu- larly vivid and charming account of Bartram and his garden. “In the morning I went with the Swedish painter, Mr. Hesselius, to the country seat of Mr. Bartram, which is about four English miles to the south of Philadelphia, at some distance from the high road to Maryland, Virginia, and Caro- lina... . We visited several Swedes, who were settled here, and were at present in very good circumstances.” A generation later Hector St. John Crevecoeur, pioneer poet- naturalist, in his “Letters from an Amer- ican Farmer,” 1782, gives also a remark- able picture of a visit to John Bartram, whom he quotes at one point as saying: “Friend Iwan, as I make no doubt that thee understandest the Latin tongue, read this kind epistle which the good Queen of DR. CHARLES J. STILLE—UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA Distinguished Provost of the University (1868-80), Dr. Stillé was a descendant of one of the first Swedish settlers. 32 Sweden, Ulrica, sent me a few years ago. Good woman! that she should think in her palace at Stockholm of poor John Bartram, on the banks of the Schuylkill, appeareth to me very strange.” And gracefully his vis- itor replied: “Not in the deast,;deameoi, you are the first man whose name as a botanist hath done honour to America.” It was the Swedish Linnaeus who called Bar- tram “the greatest of natural botanists in the world.” At Thirty-ninth and Woodland Avenue (23.1), we reach the dormitories of the Uni- versity of Pennsylvania, which owe their presence on Woodland Avenue to a distin- guished descendant of one of the earliest Swedish settlers of Philadelphia soil. This was Dr. Charles J. Stillé, Provost of the University (1868-1880), through whose vision and efforts the University in 1873 was brought from its old location on Ninth Street above Chestnut to its present site in West Philadelphia. In Houston Hall, the students’ clubhouse of the University, front- ing on Spruce Street, between 34th and 36th Streets, may be seen a striking portrait of Dr. Stillé (1819-1899). At a meeting of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, held April 16, 1877, to receive a portrait of Christina, Queen of the Swedes, the Goths, and the Vends, Provost Stillé modestly said: “It is true that the Swedish colony settled here in 1638 under the Queen Christina was not the one projected on so magnificent a scale by her father, Gustavus Adolphus. The colony remained a de- pendency of the Swedish crown for only seventeen years; its members were merely a few Swedish peasants, not exceeding even sixty years after its settlement, a thousand in number; it held within its bosom the germ of some of our characteristic American ideas, but it had little to do with their growth.” It is now possible to assert, however, that the influence of at least one able American of Swedish ancestry has had much to do with the growth and development of a character- istic American idea—a great international university. Route 2—Memorials of William Penn THE FOUNDER OF PENNSYLVANIA—‘PENN IN ARMOR” Painted in Ireland when Penn was twenty-two, the original portrait hangs in the great hall of the His- torical Society of Pennsylvania. DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY Route 2—Memorials of William Penn—19.1 m. After a visit to the top of City Hall, with its stirring panorama of Penn’s now far-reaching city, this route leads through colorful streets to the quieter precincts of the Library and the Historical Society of Pennsyl- vania, rich in relics of Penn and other treasures of the past. It continues through a section of the city still full of the charm of colonial days. It gives fascinating glimpses of old Philadelphia struggling with the tide of the new. It shows where Penn landed on the Delaware River front in 1682, and the historic spot in Shacka- maxon where he made his great trade and treaty with the Indians. It sweeps through a part of the city where the houses in their varying architecture carry the mind down two centuries since the days of the Founder. It includes a view of Penn’s first home in the ‘‘city of brotherly love,’? now standing on Lansdowne drive in West Fairmount Park. After a short drive through West Park, the site of “the Centennial City,’’ it reaches the heights occupied by Belmont Mansion, where may be had a view of Penn’s city that some one has said is worth a journey across the continent to see. By a final detour it makes possible the opportunity to see ‘“Wynnstay,’’ built in 1690, the home of Penn’s friend and physician Dr. Thomas Wynne. ILLIAM PENN is the most cherished figure in the annals of the Quaker City. And Philadelphia itself, founded in 1682, is an ineffaceable memorial to Penn’s foresee- ing mind. Starting from City Hall, Broad and Mar- ket Streets (0.0), built on ground especially set aside by Penn for public purposes, known for many years as Centre Square, and now as Penn Square, ascend first to tower-top and view Calder’s heroic bronze statue of Penn, and also the magnitude of the modern city. Calder’s statue of Penn is facing towards Pennsbury Manor, the palatial mansion where the founder once lived. It also looks in the direction of Shackamaxon, where Penn made his treaty with the Indians. When Penn and his people landed, there were only twenty houses to be found in the whole territory now Philadelphia. These were occupied by the Dutch and the Swedes who had previously settled the soil. There were a few wigwams. From the Delaware to the Schuylkill and from South Street to Callowhill Street, the city exists today al- most exactly as Penn planned it. The four great “squares” of the old city—Franklin Square (northeast), Washington Square (southeast), Logan Square (northwest), and Rittenhouse Square (southwest), are still flourishing memorials of Penn’s sagacity. Before leaving the City Hall, stop in the Mayor’s reception room (second floor, north corridor), and see the portraits of all the Mayors of the city of Philadelphia, from Penn’s first Mayor, Edward Shippen (1701-02), down to the latest incumbents. Crossing Chestnut Street (0.1), Walnut Street (0.2), Locust Street (0.3), one is re- minded that the botanical names of the streets parallel with Market Street, north and south, were all given by Penn. Entering the building of the Philadelphia Library Company, Locust and Juniper Streets (0.3), we find, to the left, reverently preserved, Penn’s secretary; and nearby Penn’s clock. In a show case, to the right, are two small alto-relievos, reproductions of Sylvanus Bevan’s “real and true likeness” of Penn. In a large wooden closet, on the left, are the remains of an air-pump, sent from England by John Penn in 1738. At the Historical Society of Pennsylvania (0.3), in the large -hall, to the right of the main entrance room, on the wall, high in the left corner, we find the famous original por- trait of Penn in armor, painted in Ireland from life, when Penn was twenty-two. It is not generally known that Penn became a soldier in Ireland; still less, that he became a Quaker in Cork! The surrounding por- traits of the Penn family are full of interest, especially the portrait of Admiral Penn, who dying said to his son William,—‘“‘Let noth- ing in this world tempt you to wrong your conscience.” Passing through a narrow stairway to a room on the second floor of the Historical Society, one finds in the museum here notable mementos of Penn. Here is the original Wampum Belt given by the Indians to Penn to seal the great treaty, and given to the Historical Society by Penn’s great-grandson, Granville John Penn, in 1857. Chairs used by Penn and a small desk belonging to him are among the treasures. Penn’s razor and his hot-water can stir human interest. The model of the Slate Roof House preserves the MILEAGE ITINERARY Route 2—Memorials of William Penn—19.1 m. Driving time about 1 hr. 15 min. Two additional hours, or more, may be profitably spent in stops, includ- ing City Hall, 30 min.; Philadelphia Library Company and Historical Society of Pennsylvania, 30 min.; Penn- sylvania Hospital, 10 min.; Penn Treaty Park, 15 min.; Penn’s House, Lansdowne Drive, Fairmount Park, 20 min.; Belmont Mansion, 15 min. For full details see ‘‘Descriptive Itinerary.” Mileage 0.0 PHILADELPHIA, City Hall, south side. Stop. Go east on South Penn Square. 0.0 Juniper St.; turn right. 0.3 Locust St. Stop and visit Philadelphia Library Company, northeast corner of Locust and Juniper Sts.; walk to Historical Society of Pennsylvania, Locust and 13th Sts., southwest corner. Continue on Juniper St. 0.4 Spruce St.; turn left. At 8th St., 0.8; turn right. 0.9 Pine St.; turn right. Stop midway at Pennsylvania Hospital. Colonial houses oppo- site; spire of St. Peter’s Church shows down Pine St. PO ose turn ticht. Spruce ot., 1.1; turn right. 1.8 Delaware Ave.; turn left, and immediately left onto Dock St. 1.9 Front and Dock Sts., northwest corner, site and successor of original Blue Anchor Inn. 2.1 2nd St.; turn right, and immediately left on Walnut St. Stop. Walk back to old Krider Gun Shop, northeast corner of 2nd and Walnut; walk north on Second St., east side, to the corner of Sansom St., site of Slate Roof House; building now occupied by Keystone Telephone Company. Tablet. Open strip south of this building (Moravian St.), the so-called ‘‘ Wampum Strip,” or Indian Reservation. Continue on Walnut St. to C2 ord ou turn right, 2.3 Chestnut St.; turn right. 2.4 Letitia St., between 2nd and Front; turn left; on the left, near Market St., southwest corner of a small alley way, a large warehouse occupies the original site of the Letitia or William Penn House. 2.5 Market St.; turn right. 2.6 Front St.; turn left (Delaware Ave. is a better roadway but misses the old houses). 2.7 Arch St., formerly Mulberry St. 2.8 Race St., formerly Sassafras St. SUCCESSOR OF THE BLUE ANCHOR INN PENN TREATY MONUMENT—SHACKAMAXON At Front and Dock Streets it stands near the spot where It commemorates the treaty with the Indians that was not Penn first landed in 1682. ratified by oath and that was never broken. 35 DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY Route 2—Memorials of William Penn—19.1 m. appearance of the house in which Penn lived on his second visit to Philadelphia in 1701. The size of the lock and key of the original house is properly impressive. The patent of John Key for a lot in Race Street, presented by Penn as a gift to “the first born” of Eng- lish parentage in the city of Philadelphia, is documentary evidence of the enterprise of Philadelphia’s first real estate boomer. Leaving the Historical Society, we turn into Spruce Street (0.4), for its length to the Delaware River front a succession of quaint red and glazed brick houses, gable roofs, and colonial doorways. At Eighth and Spruce Streets (0.8), we make a complete loop of the venerable Penn- sylvania Hospital, encircling a region which even in Franklin’s day was “far out of town.” Through the main gate of the Hos- pital, on Eighth Street, we may see on the right of the driveway the overshadowing branches of a lofty elm tree, full-fledged b THE CALDER STATUE OF PENN As it looked before it mounted the heights of City Hall Tower. 36 scion of the “Treaty Elm,” once standing at Shackamaxon. Pine Street (0.9), we find, still breathes the aristocratic air of colonial days. The block between Eighth and Ninth Streets can- not be matched anywhere in Philadelphia for peace and charm. In this retired city spot, midway on the picturesque lawn of the hos- pital, stands a statue of Penn, broad- brimmed and in Quaker garb; presented in 1804 by his grandson, John Penn, of Stoke Pogis, England. The stumpy figure evokes surprise, but Samuel Preston’s grandmother, who was married in the presence of Penn, “described him as rather short of stature, but the handsomest, best-looking, lively gen- tleman she had ever seen.” At the foot of Spruce Street (1.8) the sight of “the lordly Delaware” recalls the ship “Welcome” from which Penn landed at Chester in 1682. Penn came to Philadel- phia in an open boat or barge the next day. At the northwest corner of Front and Dock Streets (1.9) stands the now disguised Blue Anchor Inn (1.9), successor of the original “Blue Anchor,” which stood at the spot where Penn first landed when he came up the Delaware from Chester. Once a wandering creek, the present Dock Street still winds its way towards Second Street, where in Penn’s day the stream was lost in the woods. At the northeast corner of Second and Walnut Streets (2.1) is the old Krider gun- shop (2.1), built in 1751 by John Drinker. The ground of this property was sold by William Penn in 1684. On this spot in 1680 was born Edward Drinker, the first white child born on Philadelphia soil. Up Second Street from Walnut, on the east side, we walk to Norris Alley (now Sansom Street), where on ground now occu- pied by the Keystone Telephone Company (Tablet) stood the old Slate Roof House, occupied by Penn with his family on his sec- ond visit to Philadelphia in 1701. In the Slate Roof House was born, one month after Penn’s arrival, John Penn, known as “the American,” the only American-born member of the Penn family. Retracing on Second Street, imagine Penn, MILEAGE ITINERARY Route 2—Memorials of William Penn—19.1 m. ii yest gees ry ie PENN’S FIRST HOME IN AMERICA Built in the present Letitia Street in 1682, in 1883 it was removed to Lansdowne Drive, West ; Fairmount Park. Mileage 3.6 Laurel St.; turn right. 3.7 Delaware Ave.; turn left. 3.9 Keep to right on Beach St. with RR. 4.0 Columbia Ave. and Beach St., Penn Treaty Park. Stop. Hane left and continue on E. Columbia Ave. 4.1 East Girard Ave.; turn left. 5.6 Cross Broad St.; City Hall tower and Penn Statue on left. At 6.2 pass gateway of Girard College on right (See Route 22). 6.5 Bear right on Poplar St. 6.6 West College Ave.; turn right. 6.7 Girard Ave.; turn left. 7.2 Cross bridge over RR. At 7.4 bridge over Schuylkill River. 7.6 Turn left onto drive by Zoological Garden. 7.8 Solitude, former home of John Penn; seen through iron fence of Zoological Garden, on right. Reversing here, at 8.0 Bear diagonally right through right-hand arch under RR. onto Lansdowne Drive. 8.1 William Penn House, called also the Letitia House, on left. Stop. Continue on Lansdowne Drive down grade, then curve right up steep grade past Sweet Briar Man- sion (See Route 19), onright at 8.4. Avoid left-hand road just beyond. 37 DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY Route 2—Memorials of William Penn—19.1 m. PENN’S RAZOR One of many Penn relics at the Historical Society of Pennsylvania. broad-brimmed and _ stately, coming and going along this street with wife and daugh- ter, happy in hope for the future great city he was founding, and solemnly meditating the problems of the first proprietary gover- nor. Writing from aboard his return ship, the “Messenger,” on the third of September, 1701, Penn said to his secretary, James Logan: ‘Thee may continue in the house I lived in till the year is’up.” On reading that sentence one seems to hear the voice of Penn himself speaking, and to catch across the centuries a distant but distinct echo of the first “plain speech” of the early Quaker city. At the south side of the Keystone Tele- phone Building is Moravian Street, once an open tract of land, the so-called “Wampum Strip,” set aside by one of Penn’s de- scendants as an Indian reservation (2.1). Letitia Street (2.4), a small thoroughfare leading north from Chestnut Street between Second and Front, still bears the name of Penn’s daughter, to whom Penn, “1 mo. 29th, 1701,” deeded the block extending on Market Street from Front to Second, and halfway to Chestnut Street. James Logan, writing to Letitia Penn in 1737, shows this large city lot to have been “divided into thirty smaller parts.” On the west side of Letitia Street (2.4), close to Market Street, near the paved pas- sageway to the north of the big warehouse now occupying this site, Penn built the Letitia House; for better preservation re- moved to Lansdowne Drive in West Fair- mount Park in 1883. In this house Penn dwelt when he first came to Philadelphia 38 in 1682. The open passageway marks an “avenue,” once on the north side of Penn’s house, by which carriages, entering at the “Governor’s Gate” on Second Street, came to the east front of the house, which faced the river, Emerging into Market Street (2.5) and going north on Front (2.6), at every corner one catches haunting glimpses of picturesque old streets and their time-worn houses, some now displaced by the new Delaware River Bridge. Penn’s Mulberry Street is now known as Arch Street (2.7). At No. 113 Arch Street stood the home of Thomas Holme, Penn’s first Surveyor General, a tab- let now marking the site. In Holme’s “Map of the Province of Pennsylvania” is given the names of the original purchasers from William Penn in 1681. Penn’s Sassafras Street, now Race Street (2.8), has also lost its original name, but Poplar Street and Laurel Street (3.6) preserve nominally at least the fragrance of Penn’s “little green towne.” At Beach Street and Columbia Avenue (4.0), we reach Penn Treaty Park, with its modest weather-worn monument commemo- rating the only treaty with the Indians “that was not ratified by an oath and that was never broken.” Here was the “scite” of the famous treaty elm, blown down in 1810, al- though it was twenty-four feet in circum- ference. Here at Shackamaxon one should recall West’s vivid picturization of the treaty scene (See Route 15), and hear Penn say- ing: ‘We meet on the broad pathway of good faith and good will; no advantage shall be taken on either side, but all shall be openness and love. . . . We are the same as if one man’s body was to be divided into two parts; we are all one flesh and blood.” Hear also the delighted Indians reply: “We will live in love with Onas (Penn’s Indian name) and his children as long as the creeks and rivers run and while the sun, moon, and stars endure.” In returning (4.0), look down Beach Street and catch sight of Penn on the sum- mit of City Hall—a striking vista. On the long ride out Girard Avenue, crossing at Broad Street (5.6), one gets an- MILEAGE ITINERARY Route 2—Memorials of William Penn—19.1 m. WILLIAM PENN, QUAKER WYNNSTAY—BUILT IN 1690 On the peaceful lawn of the Pennsylvania Hospital is the A landmark in modern Wynnefield. The original home of statue given by Penn’s grandson in 1804. Dr. Thomas Wynne, Penn’s friend and physician. Mileage 8.6 4-corners; straight through. Bear right at fork just beyond; then at cross-road keep left. Memorial Hall on left. At 8.9 General Meade statue; 9.2 Japanese Garden on right. 9.3 Dead end; turn right on Belmont Ave. 9.5 Turn right and just beyond turn left on Belmont Hill, up grade. 10.0 Belmont Mansion; magnificent view of city. Stop. Continue around Belmont Mansion to 10.2 3-corners; curve left. At 4-corners, 10.3; turn right on Belmont Ave. 11) City Line Ave.; turn left. 11.9 52nd St.; turn left. 12.2 Woodbine Ave. and 52nd St., northeast corner, Wynnstay, 1690. 12.2. Woodbine Ave.; turn right. 12.4 54th St.; turn right. 12.7. No. 247 North 54th St., ““Wynnstay”’ (carved on gate). 12.8 City Line Ave.; turn left. 13.8 Turn left onto 63rd St. 14.2 Lancaster Ave. (diagonal street); turn left. 17.9 Market Street at 32nd St.; turn left. 19.1 City Hall, PHILADELPHIA. yer agere cencemerem Et signmememeterstg ' AS as ' CxUE CERF Rhe FULT CTY T EGO GELE A | SERTERS SE ee FITHTT CCST EL EH GI SERDEC INES am EER: ro ag ai pean nis 1 bd besteled TETLgeUUrsennexUONiTSGRstten A = tm nree saeueressetl 8 ore eRERE & onepgendnnc yenapins Fi id jacana ue i cent pies THE FAMOUS WAMPUM BELT Given to Penn by the Indians it was presented to the Historical Society of Pennsylvania by the founder’s great-grandson in 1857. 39 DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY Route 2—Memorials of William Penn—19.1 m. other glimpse of Penn, solemnly guarding his city. The architecture of the houses 02 Girard Avenue registers the changing decades since the passing of Penn, the classic mag- nificence of the fagade of Girard College (6.2) marking an era in the city’s history (See Route 22). Entering Fairmount Park (7.2), we recall that Penn first gave the name of “Faire Mount” to what afterwards became the “Old Park? AS early as 1/ 107M writers said: “Fare Mount is a charming spot, shaded with trees, on the river Schuylkill.” Crossing Girard Avenue bridge (7.4) over the Schuylkill River, beyond the entrance to the Zoological Garden (7.6), from the out- side, we may catch a glimpse of Solitude (7.8), sometimes hidden in luxuriant foliage. This house was built in 1785 by Penn’s grandson, John Penn, who at one time owned half the province of Pennsylvania, and after the Revolution resided here on the banks of PENN'S SECRETARY 40 the Schuylkill River (See Route 19). Soli- tude was bought from Penn’s great-grand- son, Granville John Penn, in 1852. Returning to Girard Avenue and passing through the right arch of the railroad bridge (8.0), onto Lansdowne Drive, we soon reach, on the left, William Penn’s House (8.1), the crowning memorial of Penn in Philadelphia. This was the first brick-house erected in Philadelphia. Built in 1682, it was owned and occupied by Penn, and finally given by him to his daughter Letitia. Used as the proprietary governor’s residence, the build- ing is regarded as the first statehouse of the Province of Pennsylvania. It was re- moved to its present site in 1883. One may continue from this point to Bel- mont Mansion (10.0), to meditate or dine. At Belmont lived Richard Peters, secretary to Thomas Penn from «1/34 .iom1767 see date stone in the end of the house shows it was erected in) 1/45 by “I Woer ee Route 5). One enthusiastic writer has said: “The view from the hall door is worth a journey across the continent. It is one un- interrupted descending vista to the river, greensward, woodland, sunlight and shadow, holding and never wearying the gaze.” At sight of the distant city one may fitly repeat Penn’s farewell benediction, pro- nounced as he sailed down the Delaware in 1684 :— “And thou, Philadelphia, the virgin settle- ment of this province, named before thou wert born, what love, what care, what serv- ice, and what travail has there been to bring thee forth and preserve thee from such as would abuse and defile thee! My soul prays to God for thee, that thou mayest stand in the day of trial, that thy children may be blessed of the Lord, and thy people saved by his power.” Returning to the city, we pass at 52nd Street and Woodbine Avenue, northeast cor- ner (12.2), Wynnstay, first built in 1690 by Dr. Thomas Wynne, friend and physician of William Penn. The west end was built in 1700. Nearby, at No. 2471 North 54th Street (12.7), is the old homestead of direct de- scendants of Dr. Thomas Wynne, with “Wynnstay” carved on the gate. Route 3—The Founding and Founders of Germantown SITE OF THE HOME OF THE FOUNDER OF GERMANTOWN Once known as the Green Tree Tavern, No. 6019 Germantown Avenue was built in 1748 on the original homestead grounds by the grandson of Francis Daniel Pastorius. DOORWAY OF NO. 25 HIGH STREET A PASTORIUS HOME, 1796 Over the portal is Loi the ee motto of the original Built by a great grandson of the founder of Germantown. omestead. DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY Route 3—The Founding and Founders of Germantown—19.9 m. Rich in historical associations with both colonial and Revolutionary days Germantown even to be super- ficially appreciated must be visited many times. To save bewilderment this route is confined to streets, houses, and scenes associated with the founders and earliest settlers. Sites and relics of historic importance not mentioned in this connection will be found referred to fully in subsequent itineraries. The concluding section of this trip, including as it does the variegated beauties of the Wissahickon Valley, the picturesque scenery of the East River Drive, and the stirring vista of the City Hall and Founder as seen from the outer Parkway, presents a sharp contrast to the pictures of ancient streets and time-worn houses revealed at the beginning—the journey at the start leading along old Front Street, throughout the length of Germantown Road, and finally over Germantown’s famous old thoroughfare still known as Main Street. ISTORIC Germantown to be properly Up Front Street, past numerous old brick appreciated must be approached by the houses built by the first settlers, we make road long travelled by its first founders and our way to the Indian path or trail that has their descendants. In this way a new im-_ since become Germantown Road or Avenue pression may be gained of that famous and (2.4). For the modern automobile parts of aristocratic suburb of Philadelphia. this road are as rough as was the primitive The beginnings of old Germantown road track over which the founders and early set- are best reached by way of Front Street tlers labored and floundered, although Pas- (1.2). On Front above Chestnut steep alley- torius in a spirit of optimism once wrote: ways and deep descents to Water Street and “The path to Germantown has by frequent the river front bring reminders of the caves going to and fro been so strongly beaten dug in the river’s banks, where the first set- that a road has been formed.” Not until 1801, tlers of Philadelphia lived while their houses however, was legislation passed that resulted were being built. A curious document still in the organization of a turnpike company exists, certifying that in 1683 “to our certain for the betterment and extension of this road, knowledge Herman op den Graff, Dirk op which goes from Philadelphia through Ger- den Graff, and Abraham op den Graff, as mantown to Chestnut Hill and far beyond well as we ourselves, in the cave of Francis to Pottstown and Reading. Daniel Pastorius, at Philadelphia, did cast The Neglee House at No. 4518 German- lots for the respective lots which they and town Avenue (6.7) marks the beginning of we then began to settle in Germantown.” ancient Germantown. Germantown Avenue The cave of Pastorius was located several was originally Main Street. At first “in blocks below Chestnut Street, at what is now length one mile or more,” Germantown grew Front and Lombard Streets. When Pas- until it became a long, straggling village, torius landed in 1683, he recorded that Phila- extending for nearly two miles along its main delphia “consisted of three or four little cot- thoroughfare. tages; all the residue being only weeds, un- Just beyond Wayne Junction, at the north- derwood, timber, and trees.” Several times west corner of Apsley and Main Streets, high he lost himself in travelling no farther than on Neglee’s Hill, stands with its pillared por- from the waterside to Third and Chestnut. tico Loudoun (6.8), home of descendants of On the garden wall of the Stanfield House James Logan, William Penn’s friend and and Playground at No. 502 South Front confidential secretary. Built in 1801, Lou- Street has recently been placed a bronze tab- doun is a specimen of an early American let, reading: “Francis Daniel Pastorius built home (See Route 19), but the ground on here in 1683, on a lot 102 feet front, a dugout, which it stands and surrounding it belonged his first American home, in which, October to the Frankfort Company, and in the 25, 1683, the thirteen original settlers of original distribution of land, made in the Germantown drew lots for their new homes. cave of Pastorius, was called Side Lot No. 2, He placed over the door this inscription, ‘A falling by chance to Thones Kunder, one of little house, but a friend to the good: keep the thirteen original settlers of Germantown. away, ye profane,’ at which his guest, Wil- From Loudoun onward, ancient and liam Penn, laughed.” notable houses are numerous in German- 42 MILEAGE ITINERARY Route 3—The Founding and Founders of Germantown—19.9 m. Driving time about 2 hr. 45 min. On this trip a couple of additional hours may easily be spent in inter- esting stops, including Lower and Upper Burying Grounds, 30 min.; Friends’ Meeting House and Free Library, 25 min.; Pastorius houses, 20 min.; Mennonite Meeting House, 10 min.; Church of the Brethren, 10 min.; St. Michael’s Church, 10 min.; Rittenhouse home and mill site, 15 min. For full details see ‘‘Descriptive Itinerary.” Mileage 0.0 PHILADELPHIA, City Hall, east side. Go east on Market St. 1.0 Second 5St.; turn right. 1.1 Chestnut St.; turn left. Pass on left Letitia St., where William Penn lived in 1683. 1.2 Front St.; turn left. Between Chestnut and Market observe steep steps leading to Water St. and river embankment, where the earliest settlers dwelt in caves. (The route up Delaware Avenue offers a better roadway but one misses the old houses and ancient side streets and alleys to be seen along Front St.) 2.4 Germantown Road; turn left. 2.7 Cross Girard Ave. 4.7 Bear left. 5.6 Cross Broad St. at Erie Ave. 6.7. No. 4518 Germantown Ave. (Main St.), Neglee House (about 1750), marking the beginning of ancient Germantown. 6.8 Apsley and Main Sts., northwest corner, Loudoun built on ‘Side Lot No. 2,’ belonging (1683) to Thones Kunder, one of the thirteen original settlers of Germantown. 7.0 East Logan and Main Sts., northeast corner, Lower Germantown Burial Ground, 1693. Stop. 7.2 No. 5109 Main St., Thones Kunder’s House. Tablet. Stop. THONES KUNDER’S HOUSE From this home of one of the original settlers of Germantown came in 1688 the first public protest in America against slavery. 43 DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY Route 3—The Founding and Founders of Germantown—19.9 m. town. Full information regarding these may be obtained from the indispensable compila- tion of Mr. Charles F. Jenkins, prepared for the Germantown Site and Relic Society, “The Guide Book to Historic Germantown.” The present trip is confined to houses and places associated with the earliest settlers. At the northeast corner of East Logan and Main Streets, we reach the Lower Ger- mantown Burial Ground (7.0), last home of the early founders and their descendants. This graveyard was given to the borough of Germantown in 1693 by Jan Streepers, whose name connects him with one of the original thirteen families that drew lots in the cave of Pastorius. The oldest tombstone is dated 1707. Here may still be traced the names of early settlers that came from Germany and the Rhine provinces. At No. 5109 Main Street is reached the spot where Thones Kunder, original settler, built his “first home beyond the mighty sea.” Part of the north wall of the ancient house now occupying this site is believed to be the old wall of the original Kunder’s House (7.2). Here were held the first meetings in Germantown of the Society of Friends, From members of this Meeting came in 1688 the first public protest in America against slavery. The paper was written by Francis Daniel Pastorius, and signed by him and three others. This spot is the birthplace of the abolition movement in America. Thones Kunder 1738 KEYSER HOUSE, Built by Dirck Keyser, a Mennonite founder of Germantown, who came from Amsterdam in 1688. died in 1729. Among his descendants is Sir Samuel Cunard, founder of the Cunard Steamship Line. At No. 5253 Main Street we pass the site of the home and printing plant of Christopher Sower (7.4), the Dunkard elder. Here lived later his distinguished but unfortunate son of the same name, who in 1753 was made bishop of the Church of the Brethren. On this spot was printed, by the elder Sower, the first American book in German type, a book of hymns; here he began to issue the first Ger- man newspaper in America; and, forty years before an English Bible was printed in the colonies, here also, in 1743, he issued the first Bible in an European language printed in America. Subsequent editions were pub- lished by the son in 1763 and 1776. He also printed here in 1770 the first book published in America on the subject of education, the school management of the pious Christopher Dock. The house (hidden by store fronts) now occupying this site, No. 5253, was built in 1860 by Dr. Owen J. Wister and Sarah Butler Wister, parents of Owen Wister, the novelist, and here the family resided until 1870. Passing No. 5300 Main Street, now the parsonage of the Trinity Lutheran Church (7.4), but once belonging to the Sower fam- ily, we recall a tradition that in the cellar of this building the Sowers made the first type cast in America (1772-73). On grounds in the rear of the north- west corner of Coulter and Main Steets, stands the Germantown Friends’ Meeting House (7.6). The old log and stone meeting houses have long since been replaced, but the ground of the present old graveyard, originally fifty acres, was conveyed to the meeting by one of the early German Friends, Jacob Shoemaker, in 1693. In the graveyard, Pastorius, who died in 1719, is believed to be buried, although the exact spot is not known. All the thirteen original settlers of Germantown were Friends or Mennonites. Walk up the quiet, age-worn path with its antique trees to visit, on the right, the Free Library (7.6), under the care of Friends of this Meeting. Here the memory of Pas- MILEAGE ITINERARY Route 3—The Founding and Founders of Germantown—19.9 m. PASTORIUS MONUMENT, VERNON PARK LOWER BURYING GROUND, GERMANTOWN Commemorates the original thirteen families that founded This ancient graveyard dates to 1693. Here may be traced ermantown in 1683. the names of the earliest settlers. Mileage 7.4 No. 5253 Main St. (childhood home of Owen Wister, 1860-1870), site of Christopher Sower’s home and printery. 7.4 No. 5300 Main St., originally a Sower’s property where type was first cast in America. 7.6 Coulter and Main Sts., northwest corner, Germantown Friends’ Meeting House, ground and grave-yard deeded 1693. Stop. Visit Free Library on right (facsimile of “Protest against Slavery,” written in 1688 by Francis Daniel Pastorius, leader. of the thirteen original settlers of Germantown). 7.7 Market Square (1703); Market Square Presbyterian Church, successor and occupying site of the first German Reformed Church, founded here in 1733. 7.9 Vernon Park, Main St. above Chelten Ave. Stop. Monument to Francis Daniel Pastorius and the original thirteen settlers of Germantown. 8.1 High St. Park and walk to No. 25 High St., built by great grandson of Pastorius 1796; to the left and rear of No. 25 High St. is a remodeled building, originally an old Pas- torius farmhouse. The Methodist Church occupies the site of the original homestead of Francis Daniel Pastorius, taken down about 1872. 8.2 No. 6019 Main St., once the Green Tree Tavern, the home of Daniel and Sarah Pas- torius (1748). 8.2 Walnut Lane and Main St., southwest corner, Wyck (1690), the oldest house in Ger- mantown. 8.3 Main St., north of Herman St., Mennonite Meeting House. 8.4 No. 6205 Main St., Keyser House, 1738. 8.5 Main St. beyond Washington Lane, east side, Upper Burying Ground. Stop. 8.8 Upsal and Main Sts., northeast corner, the Billmeyer House, built about 1727. 8.9 No. 6613 Main St., Church of the Brethren, or Dunkards. 9.1 Phil-ellena and Main Sts., southeast corner, St. Michael’s Lutheran Church. Stop. 9.8 Allen Lane; turn left. A short distance above Allen Lane, east side, on the grounds of the Lutheran Theological Seminary, may be seen the notable monument to Dr. Henry Melchior Muhlenberg. 10.3 Lincoln Drive; turn left. 11.8 Gateway entrance to Fairmount Park. 45 DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY Route 3—The Founding and Founders of Germantown—19.9 m. torius is kept alive by a photographic fac- simile of the “Protest Against Slavery.” The original document was first uncovered in 1844 by the antiquarian Nathan Kite. It was then published in a magazine called “The Friend,” and evoked Whittier’s praise of Pas- torius in the “Pennsylvania Pilgrim.” Market Square (7.7), the midway point in the ancient straggling German village that extended for two miles along Main Street to the Upper Burial Ground, is rich in Revo- lutionary and other associations. Originally an acre of ground was reserved from the Frankfort Company’s land for a market place, but it was not centrally located. In 1703-4 the present Market Square was purchased. The Market Square Presbyterian Church (7.7) has been Presbyterian in its organiza- tion only since 1856; the present building is the third erected on this site; but religious worship has gone on in this historic spot for nearly two hundred years, perpetuating the piety of Pastorius and his early German co- workers, who built a small church for the use of all the people as early as 1686. The original church building that stood on the present site in Market Square was put up by members of the German Reformed Church in 1733. Count Zinzendorf, founder of the Moravian Seminary now at Bethlehem, preached here in 1741-42. Washington at- tended services here, during his stay in Germantown. At Vernon Park (7.9), Main Street above Chelten Avenue, is the monument to Francis Daniel Pastorius and the original thirteen settlers of Germantown. Designed by Albert Jaegers to commemorate the 225th anniver- sary of the founding of Germantown by Francis Daniel Pastorius, the monument was erected partly from funds collected by the German-American Alliance and partly from an appropriation from Congress. A short walk to the right on High Street brings us to No. 25 High Street (8.1), built about 1796 by Daniel Pastorius, a great- grandson of Francis Daniel Pastorius. Over the doorway is carved the Latin motto, Procul este profani, which once adorned the doorway of the original Pastorius home. This beautiful house once stood on Main 46 Street, next to a house at the southeast cor- ner of Main and High, but was moved to the north side when High Street was cut through. Between it and No. 6019 Main Street, on ground now occupied by the Methodist Church, was the site of the original Pastorius homestead (8.1), unfortunately torn down about 1872. The stone of the old building was used in building the rear wing of No. 25 High Street. In the rear of the High Street house, almost adjoining the church, may be seen a modernized building that was once an old Pastorius farmhouse (8.1). Returning to Main Street, one finds satis- faction in viewing the beauty of No. 6019 Main Street, originally built in 1748 by Daniel and Sarah Pastorius, and kept by them until 1754 as the Green Tree Tavern (8.2). Famous in Revolutionary and later times as a resort for driving and sleighing parties from the city, the house has been used in recent years by the adjoining First Methodist Church for varied religious and social meet- ings. In this house, on the 6th of December, 1759, the Germantown Academy, at first called the Union School, was founded. At the southwest corner of Walnut Lane and Main Street is to be seen the oldest house in Germantown, known as Wyck (8.2). It has never been sold, having passed from owner to owner by inheritance, coming down from the Jansen and the Wister families to its present possessors, the Haines family. Originally the present building was two houses, with a driveway between, the older portion going back to 1690, the year when William Rittenhouse, grandfather of the illustrious David Rittenhouse and famous as the first paper maker in the colonies, arrived in Germantown. On Main Street, above Herman Street, stands the Mennonite Meeting House (8.3), where William Rittenhouse was the first pastor of the congregation. Among the thir- teen original settlers of Germantown some were Mennonites or “German Friends,” and by 1702 they had put up a little log meeting house displaced in 1770 by the present build- ing. In the adjoining graveyard the name of Rittenhouse is conspicuous at the right. At No. 6205 Main Street is another MILEAGE ITINERARY Route 3—The Founding and Founders of Germantown—19.9 m. WYCK—THE OLDEST HOUSE IN GERMANTOWN, 1690 Coming to its owners by inheritance, this house that has never been sold has long been the inspira- tion of architects for its beautiful setting in flowers and shade trees and shrubbery. Mileage 12.4 Pass on left Rittenhouse Lane. 12.4 On right, below the driveway, Home of William Rittenhouse (birthplace of David Rittenhouse), built 1707. Site of first paper mill in America, 1690. Stop. 13.8 Bear left under RR. bridge, leaving Wissahickon Drive. 13.9 Fork; bear left onto East River Drive, passing lake on left. 17.0 Pass Grant monument, on left. 18.2. Pass Lincoln monument, on left. 18.5 Bear right onto Pennsylvania Ave. 18.7. Turnright. Curve left at 18.9 into Parkway. 19.4 Curve right around Logan Circle. 19.9 City Hall, PHILADELPHIA. 47 DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY Route 3—The Founding and Founders of Germantown—19.9 m. memorial to the early Mennonite founders of Germantown, a house built in 1738 by Dirck Keyser (8.4), who came from Amsterdam with his son, Peter Dirck Keyser, as early as 1688. This is believed to be the first two- story house erected in Germantown. One of Dirck Keyser’s descendants, Dr. Naaman H. Keyser, was a distinguished and life-long student of Germantown history. On the east side of Main Street, beyond Washington Lane, above the Concord School, we come to the Upper Burying Ground (8.5), which marks the upper limit of ancient Ger- mantown. Here rest many of the earliest settlers and their descendants. Among the thirteen original German immigrants that set- tled Germantown was Reynier Tyson. In this graveyard is the tombstone of Cornelius Tyson, who died in 1716; said to be the old- est existing tombstone to the memory of a Dutchman or German in Pennsylvania. At Upsal and Main Streets, northeast cor- ner, is the Billmeyer House (8.8), mentioned later (See Route 10) for its associations with Washington and the Battle of Germantown. Built about 1727, this house is an excellent representative of a _ well-preserved early colonial farmhouse, and a good example of the progress made by the first generation of early founders. Beyond the limits of oldest Germantown, at No. 6613 Main Street, stands the meeting house of the Church of the Brethren (8.9), or Dunkards, the front part of which was erected in 1770. This church organization, the mother congregation of this sect in Amer- ica, goes) back#tesl/23..) Otuspecial mnterest is the tablet in the meeting house, the gift of a descendant, commemorating both Chris- topher Sower (originally spelt Saur), who was minister and bishop here, and his father of the same name, who published the first American quarto edition of the Bible. In the loft of this building were stored some sheets of the third edition of the Sower Bible that were scattered by the British at the Battle of Germantown, afterwards recovered, and bound into complete Bibles for Sower’s children. Erected by St. Michael’s Lutheran Church in 1740, the old house at No. 6669 Main 48 Street was in its early history a school, and is the oldest school building in Germantown. At the southeast corner of Main and Phil- ellena Streets we reach St. Michael’s Luth- eran Church (9.1), founded about 1737, the scene of some of the divided labors of the Rev. Henry Melchior Muhlenberg, well known for his services both in Philadelphia and in Germantown, as well as for founding the famous old Lutheran Church at Trappe, Pennsylvania. His son was the Revolution- ary preacher patriot General John Peter Gabriel Muhlenberg, ever memorable for discarding his gown for a uniform and say- ing, “There is a time to preach, and a time to fight, and that time has now come.” In the graveyard of St. Michael’s lies an- other Revolutionary patriot, Christopher Ludwig, famous as the first ginger-bread baker in Philadelphia, and also as the “Baker General” to the American army. Elaborate as is the legend on his tombstone (a raised slab to the left of the main path, just be- yond the entrance), it does not half tell the story of his patriotic life. Here, too, lie many of the early settlers of Germantown. On the east side of Main Street, just be- yond Allen Lane, on the grounds of the Lutheran Theological Seminary, may be seen a noble monument to the Rev. Dr. Henry Melchior Muhlenberg (9.8). .By way of Allen Lane and the Lincoln Drive (10.3), with its striking array of beau- tiful modern homes, we finally reach, nearly opposite Rittenhouse Lane, a modest and pic- turesque little house, now below the level of the drive, once the home of William Ritten- house (12.4), illustrious as the ancestor of David Rittenhouse, and memorable as the first paper maker in America. William Rit- tenhouse came to Germantown and set up his mill in 1690; the house now standing was built in 1707, marking for more than two cen- turies the site of the first paper mill in Amer- ica (12.4). Four mills in succession stood near this house, the first one being washed away by a freshet in 1701. A cluster of houses stood until a few years ago near the banks of the near-by Paper Mill Run, and was known as Rittenhouse Town. SHOUT PAB P2esgajad ay} wsoq seM YOIYA Ul “7OZT UT qINq ‘peajsawoY asNOYUs}} IY IY} SI dAlIq ujooury ay} 8 0691 "NMOLNVWYAD “ITIN ASNOHNALLIN—VOINANV NI TUN WddVd LSYIA AHL AO ALIS SUINe yy INTERIOR OF OLD SWEDES’ CHURCH, 1700 Route 4—The Ancient Churches CHRIST CHURCH—BUILT 1727—FOUNDED 1695 An architectural triumph in brick work in the colonial style, the first diocesan church of Pennsylvania is pre-eminent also for its historic associations. DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY Route 4—The Ancient Churches—46.6 m. Notable for traversing the whole length and breadth of the city to its outermost boundaries, this trip to the ancient churches is full of scenic and historic charm. Beginning in the time-worn and crowded quarters of the old city, the route carries one the length of the old Passyunk district, across the Schuylkill River, and, by way of a section of the Cobb’s Creek Boulevard, to and through the beautiful suburban regions lying about Merion; along the ever-charming Wissahickon drive to Germantown, and thence by way of the new Roose- velt Boulevard to the upper stretches of Rising Sun Lane, ending with quaint old Trinity Church at Oxford. Independent of its historic interest, which is great, it is a remarkable trip. LDER than the nation itself, antedating the Declaration of Independence by many years, all the churches visited on this trip have been in continuous service, with one or two exceptions, from their foundation until the present day. Ten of the twenty-two churches included in the following list were established more than two centuries ago, and the oldest house of worship in Pennsylvania, the Friends’ Meeting House at Merion, was built in 1695, at a time when Merion was still a part of Philadelphia County. Merion Meeting House. Built 1695. Founded 1682. Old Swedes’ Church. Built 1700. Founded 1O77, Trinity Church, Oxford. Built 1711. Christ Church. Built 1727. Founded 1695. St. Peter’s Church. Built 1758-61. St. James Church, Kingsessing. Built 1760. St ePaulsechurcr es Bultet7 le St. Mary’s Roman Catholic Church. Built 1763. Enlarged 1810. Old Pine” Street. Presbyterian” Church? Built 1768. St. George’s Methodist Episcopal Church. Built 1769. Remodeled 1837. Mennonite Meeting House, Germantown. Built 1770. Founded 1708. Church of the Brethren, Germantown. Built in part 1770. Founded 1723. Friends’ Arch Street Meeting House. Built 1804. First Friends’ Meeting at “Shack- amaxon, 1682. Twelfth Street Meeting House. Built 1812. First Presbyterian Church. Built 1825. Founded 1695. St. Joseph’s Roman Catholic Church. Re- built 1838. Founded 1733. Germantown Friends’ Meeting House. Built 1866. Founded 1683. Market Square Presbyterian Church. Es- tablished 1856. Founded 1733, as the Ger- man Reformed Church. St. Michael-Zion German Lutheran Church. Built 1870. Founded 1742. Second Presbyterian Church. 72. Founded 1743. St. Michael’s Lutheran Church, German- town. Rebuilt 1896. Founded 1730. First Baptist Church. Built 1899. Founded 1695. Beginning in the old Friends’ Meeting House, Twelfth Street below Market (0.1), where one breathes at once the atmosphere of the pious Quaker founders, we finally reach Trinity Church, Oxford (36.5), stand- ing in a still sequestered suburb of the city, where in picturesque surroundings, sheltered by antique trees, Church of England services have gone on unbroken throughout more than two centuries. Following the order of the “Mileage Itinerary,” arranged for con- venience of access, the tourist who completes this trip will enjoy some rare experiences, scenic and historic. The Friends’ Meeting House, No. 20 South Twelfth Street (0.1), was built in 1812, and the Monthly Meeting was set off from Arch Street in 1814. The First-day morning at- tendance in winter is large, numbering from 150 to 250. Until this year Mid-week Meet- ing was attended by more than 300 older boys from the William Penn Charter School, now removed to Germantown. In summer both Meetings are small. There are six re- corded ministers and vocal service is fre- quent. The interior is always open and should be visited. The First Baptist Church, Seventeenth and Sansom Streets, southeast corner (0.7), located in its present site in 1899, conveys little suggestion of the early Baptist con- gregation that met first in 1695 at the north- west corner of Chestnut and Second Streets Built 1869- MILEAGE ITINERARY Route 4—The Ancient Churches—46.6 m. An all-day trip. It may be covered, however, in two afternoons by terminating the first section at Merion Meeting House. Driving time for the full trip about 4 hrs. Additional time required will depend upon the length of stops. A minimum of 3 hrs. should be allowed for stops, including at least 30 minutes each for the more notable places, such as Christ’s Church, Old Swedes’ Church, and Trinity Church, Oxford. A unique insight into the diversified religious life of the old Quaker City may be secured by attending services at each of these old places of worship on occasional Sundays. Time of service will be found usually in the news- papers. For full details see ‘‘Descriptive Itinerary.” Mileage 0.0 PHILADELPHIA, City Hall, east side. Go east on Market St. Oo on or atin Tight. 0.1 No. 20 South 12th St., Friends’ Twelfth Street Meeting House. Built 1812. 0.3 Walnut St.; turn right. 0.7 1/th St.; turn left. Stop; walk back north to 17th and Sansom Sts., southeast corner, First Baptist Church. Built 1899. Founded 1695. Continue south on 17th St. 0.9 Spruce St.; turn left. 1.8 7th St.; turn left. 1.8 7th St. and Washington Square, First Presbyterian Church. Built 1825. Founded 1695. Stop. Continue left around Washington Square on 7th St. 2.4 Race St.; turn left and immediately right on Franklin St. 2.5 Franklin St. above Race, west side, St. Michael-Zion German Lutheran Church. Built 1870. Founded 1742. Stop. Continue on Franklin St. Pome ood ou. tum right. 2:9 4th St.: turn right. FRIENDS’ ARCH STREET MEETING HOUSE Stronghold of the Quakers in Philadelphia, this building, erected in 1804, succeeded “The Great Meeting House” built at Second and Market Streets in 1695. 53 DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY Route 4—The Ancient Churches—46.6 m. in the Barbadoes-lot store, and afterwards, in 1698, in Anthony Morris’s brew-house under the bank of the river, near Dock Creek. In 1707 the first Baptist congrega- tion removed to Second Street below Mul- berry Street, and since has occupied several sites. The church maintains an historical room open to visitors. In this church orig- inated the Philadelphia Baptist Association, 1707; Brown University, 1764; and the American Baptist Missionary Union, 1814. In the side hallway are preserved the in- scribed tombstones of some of the early pastors, including that of the first minister of the church, Rev. Morgan Evans, who be- came the prime mover in founding the Bap- tist College in Providence, Rhode Island, now Brown University. The First Presbyterian Church, Washing- ton Square and Seventh Street, southeast corner (1.8), was erected in 1825, but traces its history to the humble Presbyterian con- gregation formed as early as 1692 that joined with the Baptists in meeting first in 1695 at the northwest corner of Chestnut and Second Streets, in the Barbadoes-lot store. In 1704 the congregation built the first Presbyterian church in Market (High) Street, at the cor- ner of White-horse Alley, now Bank Street, and it was called the “Old Buttonwood” be- cause of the trees about it. This building after nearly a century was rebuilt in Grecian style in 1794. The lofty Corinthian col- umns in the old building on High Street were used in constructing the stately por- tico of the building now facing Washington Square. In the unusually spacious and at- tractive entrance hall of the church are va- rious portraits, prints, and tablets, the latter recording events in the history of the church itself and of Presbyterianism. One lists the ministers of the church from the days of the Rev. Jedediah Andrews, Philadelphia’s first Presbyterian clergyman, a graduate of Harvard College. Another tells the story of the growth of the Philadelphia Presbytery and Synod, and of the relations of this church to them and to the foundation of Princeton College. The interior of the church, with its antique pews, broad high gallery, many-paned windows, lofty terraced pulpit, and severe but beautiful simplicity, is a living dream of olden days not to be missed. St. Michael-Zion German Lutheran Church, Franklin Street above Race, west side (2.5), is the direct successor of the old Zion Lutheran Church, standing until 1870 at the southeast corner of Fourth and Cherry Streets. Zion Church, dedicated in 1769, burned in 1794, and rebuilt in 1796, was built under authority of a charter granted in 1765 by Richard Penn to the parent Ger- man Lutheran Church in Philadelphia, St. Michael’s, which stood on the west side of Fifth Street south of Cherry. It was erected in 1743, the outgrowth of German Lutheran Congregations which assembled before 1742, the year of the arrival in Philadelphia of the Rev. Henry Melchior Muhlenberg, generally regarded as the founder of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America. Among other relics and portraits in the vestry-room is an autograph letter of the ministers of the German Lutheran Congre- ST. MICHAEL-ZION GERMAN LUTHERAN Built in 1870. Direct descendant of the first Evangelical Lutheran Church in Philadelphia, founded 1743. CHURCH gations in Philadelphia addressed to George Washington in 1789, congratulating him on his accession to the presidency ; and the au- tograph reply of Washington. Here also, the gift of Dr. Julius Sachse, is the “Dead March Monody,” performed in Zion Church, MILEAGE ITINERARY Route 4—The Ancient Churches—46.6 m. Mileage 3.0 oak oa 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 4.0 INTERIOR OF CHRIST CHURCH Here in 1785 was founded the Protestant Episcopal Church of the United States. 4th St. below New, adjoining No. 227 North 4th St., St. George’s Methodist Episcopal Church. Founded 1769. Remodeled 1837. Stop. On right, St. Augustine’s Roman Catholic Church. 1796-1801. Rebuilt 1846. 4th and Cherry Sts., southeast corner, site of first Zion Lutheran Church. Dedicated 1769. Removed 1870. Here ‘‘Light-Horse Harry”’ Lee first proclaimed Washington: “First in war, first in peace, first in the hearts of his countrymen.” (At 5thand Cherry, southeast corner, may be seen the site of the parent German Lutheran Church, St. Michael’s, built in 1743, taken down in 1874, and founded by a congregation organ- ized 1742). 4th and Arch Sts., southeast corner; Friends’ Arch Street Meeting House. Built 1804. Stop. (The First Friends’ Meeting at ‘Shackamaxon,”’ 1682). Ath and Willing’s Alley (opposite No. 222 South 4th St.); stop; walk left on Willing’s Alley, north side, to St. Joseph’s Roman Catholic Church. Rebuilt 1838. Founded 1733. Opposite No. 261 South 4th St., St. Mary’s Roman Catholic Church; the original cathe- dral church. Enlarged 1810. Founded 1763. 4th and Pine Sts., southwest corner, Old Pine Street Presbyterian Church. Built 1768. Stop. Continue on 4th St. to Lombard St.; turn left. 4.0 3rd St.; turn left. 3rd and Pine Sts., southwest corner, St. Peter’s Church. Founded 1758. Stop. Con- tinue on 3rd St. to Be DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY Route 4—The Ancient Churches—46.6 m. Thursday, December 26, 1799, as part of the music selected for funeral honors “to the late illustrious chief” (See Route 8). St. George’s Methodist Church, Fourth below New Street, adjoining No. 227 North Fourth Street (3.0), represents the earliest Methodist congregation in Philadelphia, which purchased a shell of a church on this site November 23, 1769. In October, 1771, Francis Asbury, the apostle of Methodism in America, came from England to Philadel- phia, sent by Wesley, and preached his first sermon in America in St. George’s Church. Mr. Asbury at first became pastor of this church and later took the title of Bishop. In this church was held Friday, March 23, 1770, the first American “‘love-feast”; and, on No- vember 4, 1771, the first American ‘‘watch- night”; both features in the tradition and practice of the Methodist Church. The first ‘Methodist Conference also was held here July 14, 1773. St. George’s Church claims to be the oldest existing Methodist Church building in the world. One of the early pas- tors of the church, Rev. John Dickens, who died in 1798, was founder of the Methodist Book Concern of the United States. At the southeast corner of Fourth and Cherry Streets (3.1), we pass the site of old Zion Lutheran Church, already mentioned as being first erected here in 1769, and rebuilt in 1786. In this old church, notable for its size in accommodating between two and three thousand persons, gathered many dis- tinguished officials and citizens to listen to the celebrated funeral oration on George Washington delivered by Henry Lee of Vir- ginia. On this old corner at Fourth and Cherry Streets in Philadelphia, in the funeral oration of “Light-Horse Harry” Lee, Wash- ington was first imperishably epitomized to the world as “first in war, first in peace, and first in the hearts of his countrymen.’ A tablet should mark the spot. The Friends’ Arch Street Meeting House, Arch and Fourth Streets, southeast corner (3.2), although not built until 1804, stands on ground where the Society of Friends have buried their dead from the foundation of the city. It is the direct successor of “The Great Meeting House” of the early Quakers, built in 1695, which stood at the southwest corner of Second and High Streets, on grounds the gift of George Fox. This early meeting house was replaced by a larger building in 1755. The latter was displaced in 1804 by the Arch Street Meeting House. Previous to “The Great Meeting House,” that is, in 1685, there were two meeting houses of the Friends, one at Centre Square, where the City Hall now stands, not long used because too far “out of town” and the other on the west side of Front Street above Sassafras (afterwards Race Street), known as the “Bank” Meeting House, which con- tinued in use for a hundred years, being taken down in 1789. Before any of these buildings were erected, however, the first Friends’ Meeting was held in 1682 at the house of Thomas Fairman at Shackamaxon, opposite the famous: Treaty Elm. At the southwest corner of the grounds surround- ing the Arch Street Meeting House ‘still hovers the shade of William Penn. Here was buried the wife of Governor Lloyd, the first person ever interred in these grounds, and Penn in appreciation of her character and piety spoke at the grave. At Fourth and Arch Streets is held the Philadelphia Yearly Meeting of Friends, be- ginning the last Second-day in the Third month, at 10 A. M. Membership is for the most part composed of Friends living in Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware and parts of Maryland. The membership of Phila- delphia Yearly Meeting in 1924 was 4461. Meetings are also held here on First-days and Fifth-days at 10.30 o’clock. The Fifth-day meetings are attended largely by business men who are unable to attend the mid-week sittings of their own Meetings, the attend- ance averaging from 60 to 70. St. Joseph’s Roman Catholic Church, hidden away in Willing’s Alley, on the north side, between Third and Fourth Streets (3.6), is the oldest Catholic Church in Philadel- phia. The present church building, half an- cient and half modern in some of its aspects, in reality is the fourth of its name. It was built in 1838, but occupies the site of the first church, founded in 1733. A picturesque iron gate opens into an archway, beyond which Route 4—The Ancient Churches—46.6 m. THE FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH LRESPIRST BAPTIST CHURCH Built in 1825. Founded in 1692. Built in 1899. Founded in 1695. ane MICHAEL’S CHURGH, GERMANTOWN CHURCH OF THE BRETHREN, GERMANTOWN Rebuilt in 1896. Founded in 1730. The oldest German First church of the Dunkards, founded in 1723. The building Lutheran Congregation in Pennsylvania. put up in 1770 has recently been remodeled. Sate JOSEPH’S ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH MIKVE ISRAEL SYNAGOGUE Founded in i733. Rebuilt in 1838. The oldest Catholic Established at Broad and York in 1909. The oldest Jewish Church in Philadelphia, congregation in Philadelphia, organized about 1747. 57 DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY Route 4—The Ancient Churches—46.6 m. ST. MARY’S ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH, 1763 Commodore Barry is buried in the churchyard of this his- toric edifice, once the Cathedral Church of Philadelphia. is a large square, paved courtyard. Opposite the gate is the church, a modest brick build- ing with long rounded stained glass windows. Nearby is a bust of Father Barbelin and a tablet to his memory. The house on the right of the courtyard is used as a dwelling by the priests. St. Joseph’s points with pride to the fact that Lafayette, the Counts de Rochambeau and De la Grasse, and many of the gallant French officers who fought for us during the Revolutionary War, have stood within its walls. Washington, on May 27th, 1787, when he came to Philadelphia to at- tend the Constitutional Convention, attended divine service here and listened to a sermon by Rev. Dr. Beeston. St. Joseph’s has wit- nessed and shared in all the vicissitudes of the Catholic Church since the days of its foundation in 1732, when Father Greaton, a solitary priest came here from Baltimore, and in Quaker guise began his secret min- istrations. St. Mary’s Roman Catholic Church, Fourth above Spruce (3.7), built in 1763 and enlarged in 1810, was the second Catholic church erected in Philadelphia. It became the cathedral church when the first Catholic Bishop of Philadelphia, Right Rev. Michael Egan, was appointed. The interior of the church is exceptionally attractive and the stained glass windows are of rare beauty. In the graveyard in the rear is the tomb of Commodore Barry. Old Pine Street Presbyterian Church, Fourth and Pine Streets, southwest corner (3.8), was built in 1768 on ground granted by Thomas and Richard Penn, then “pro- prietaries and governors of the Province of Pennsylvania.” It is the only Presbyterian edifice in Philadelphia preserved from the colonial period. Here may be seen docu- ments, prints, and portraits of genuine his- toric interest, including a portrait of the first pastor, the Rev. George Duffield, who was Chaplain of the Continental Congress, and Chaplain of all the Pennsylvania Militia in the Revolution. Among the distinguished communicants have been John Adams, Presi- dent of the United States; Dr. Benjamin Rush, signer of the Declaration of Independ- ence; and Dr. William Shippen, Jr., first pro- fessor of medicine in America, and director- general of all hospitals during the Revolu- tion. In the churchyard may be seen the tombstone of William Hurrie, bell-ringer of the State House, who probably rang the Liberty Bell on the first Independence Day. St. Peter’s Church, Third and Pine Streets, Si AUGUSTINE'S ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH Founded in 1796 and rebuilt in 1846. MILEAGE ITINERARY Route 4—The Ancient Churches—46.6 m. ST. GEORGE’S METHODIST CHURCH, 1769 Sentiment for this oldest existing Methodist Church building in the world diverted the Delaware River Bridge from the course first planned for it. Mileage 4.2 Opposite No. 222-South 3rd St., below Walnut, St. Paul’s Church. Now used as the Philadelphia Protestant Episcopal City Mission. Founded 1761. Stop. Continue on 3rd St. to 4.6 Arch St.; turnright. 4.7 2nd St.; turn right. 4.8 2nd St. above Market, west side, Christ Church. Built 1727. Founded 1695. Stop. Continue on 2nd St. to . 5.0 Chestnut St.; turn left. 5.1 Delaware Ave.; turn right. 6.1 Old Swedes’ Church, Swanson below Christian St., on right. For entrance continue to 6.2 Washington Ave.; turn right. 6.2 South Water St.; turn right. 6.3 South Water St., below Christian, east side. Entrance to Old Swedes’ Church. Built 1700. Founded 1685. Stop. Continue on South Water St. to 6.3 Christian St.; turn left. 6.8 5th St.; turn right, and immediately left onto Queen St. 6.9 Cross 6th St. and turn diagonally left onto Passyunk Ave. At 8.0 bear right. 9.8 Cross Passyunk Avenue Bridge over Schuylkill River, passing at 11.0 into 63rd St. 11.7. Woodland Ave.; turn left. 12.3 Woodland Ave., between 68th and 69th Sts., south side, St. James Church, Kingsessing. Built 1760. Stop. Reverse at 12.3 on Woodland Ave. to i335 «538th St. turn left. 59 DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY Route 4—The Ancient Churches—46.6 m. ST. PETER’S CHURCH, 1758-61 The beauty of the Third Street front of this historic build- ing is often overlooked. southeast corner (4.0), was dedicated in 1761. It was united with Christ Church until 1832, sharing with that church its no- table rectors, including the famous and patriotic “Billy” White, afterwards the first Episcopal Bishop in America. Here may be seen portraits of Bishop White in pow- dered wig, Rev. Dr. Smith, provost of the Philadelphia College, in black gown graced with the crimson stole of the Oxford grad- uate, and the Rev. Jacob Duche, the first clergyman, also in powdered wig peculiar to the time. In the days of the Continental Congress, and during his presidency, Wash- ington frequently worshipped here, and his pew is still pointed out. high and square, and the whole interior calls to mind the charm of by-gone days. In the beautiful churchyard is a monument to Com- modore Stephen Decatur. St. Paul’s Church, Third Street below Walnut (4.2), built in 1762, no longer used for church services, is occupied by the Phila- delphia Protestant Episcopal City Mission. Edwin Forrest, a Philadelphian, and the greatest tragedian of his time, is buried in a tomb at the right on entrance. Stephen Girard was married in this church, June 6, Wii: The pews are , Christ Church, on the west side of Second Street above Market (4.8), foremost in its historic associations with early Philadelphia, built in 1727, is the third oldest church build- ing in the city, being antedated by both Old Swedes’ Church at Wicaco, and Trinity Church, Oxford. A congregation of the Church of England, however, established itself in Philadelphia as early as 1695) A church was built and finished in 1697, prob- ably on the site of the present Christ Church, but there is no doubt that the ground where the church now stands was acquired for church purposes in 1702. The present build- ing was begun in 1727; gradually there was built up under the direction of Dr. John Kearsley, a lay architect, the magnificent church building that was finally completed in 1753-54 by the addition of the tower and steeple, with its famous ring of chiming bells. Without and within, the ancient pe- culiarities of architecture of this revered old church are well preserved. Memories of the long-lived and venerable assistant and rector, the Rev. William White, who after the Revo- lution became Bishop of Pennsylvania, and for forty years Senior Bishop of the United States, hallow the place. The pew that Washington occupied with his family during his stay in Philadelphia as President is con- ST. PAUL’S CHURCH, 1762 Here Stephen Girard was married and in the front yard is the tomb of Edwin Forrest. MILEAGE ITINERARY Route 4—The Ancient Churches—46.6 m. MENNONITE MEETING HOUSE, GERMANTOWN, 1770 William Rittenhouse was pastor of the log meeting house erected on the same spot in 1708. Mileage 14.6 Turn diagonally left across Baltimore Ave. onto Cobb’s Creek Parkway, becoming at Market St. 63rd St. 17.7 Lancaster Ave.; turn left. 18.1 City Line Ave.; turn right. 19.2 Old Lancaster Road; turn left. 20.6 Merion Meeting House. Built 1695. Eastablished 1682. Stop. Turn immediately right on Meeting House Road. 21.3 Turn left on Levering Mill Road. 22.1 Belmont Ave.; turn right. 23.0 City Line Ave.; turn left, reservoir on right. 23.9 Cross bridge over Schuylkill River. 24.1 Fork at end of bridge; turn left. 24.3 Turn right under RR. bridge onto Wissahickon Drive. 25.5 Fork; bear right. 26.4 Pass through gate out of Fairmount Park. Continue on Lincoln Drive to 27.9 Allen Lane; turn right. 28.3 Germantown Ave. (Main St.); turn right. On the east side of Main St., opposite Allen Lane, is the Lutheran Theological Seminary; memorial to Dr. Henry Melchior Muhlenberg. 29.1 Phil-ellena and Main St., southeast corner, St. Michael’s Lutheran Church. Rebuilt 1896. Founded 1730. Stop. 29.2 No. 6613 Germantown Ave., north of Sharpnack St., Church of the Brethren, or Dun- kards. Built in part 1770. Founded 1723. Stop. —~61 DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY Route 4—The Ancient Churches—46.6 m. spicuous. In this church in 1785, a conven- tion of churches representing seven States resolved on the foundation of the Protestant Episcopal Church of the United States. The Rev. William White and the Rev. Samuel Provoost were consecrated bishops by the Archbishop of Canterbury and the Arch- bishop of ‘York, ian1767, at" Lambeth) = [he plot of ground at the southeast corner of Fifth and Arch Streets where Franklin lies buried, belongs to Christ Church, having been purchased in 1719, and many eminent men are there interred. Within the church, however, and on the lot adjoining, many notables rest in their family vaults, chief among them being Robert Morris, patriot- financier of the Revolution. In 1882 the re- mains of Bishop White were transferred to a tomb beneath the chancel of the church. An endowment fund fortunately insures the permanent preservation of this mother church—hallowed to all churchmen, an object of reverence to every patriotic Amer- ican and still an active Christian force in the community. Venerable and venerated, Old Swedes’ Church (“Gloria Dei’), the entrance to which ison South Water Street below Chris- tian (6.1), is the oldest church building in Philadelphia, having -been built in 1700. Erected by the Swedes on the site of a pre- vious blockhouse church, this building is a memorial to services that have been con- tinuous since Trinity Sunday, 1677, when the Rev. Jacob Fabritius preached here his first sermon as pastor of the Swedes and conse- crated the old log fort to the service of God. The last of the Swedish pastors was the Rev. Dr. Nicholas Collin, who died in 1831, in his eighty-seventh year, completing a pas- torate of forty-five years and beloved by all. Within the church and in the adjoining graveyard are tablets and stones commem- orating the lives of ministers and people who worshipped here. Alexander Wilson, the ornithologist, lies here among the dead, seek- ing even in death “a silent, shady place where birds would be apt to come and sing over his grave.” Originally Swedish Luth- eran, the Old Swedes’ Church passed under the control of the Protestant Episcopal Church in 1831 (5ee Routes bjs St. James of Kingsessing, Woodland Ave- nue at Sixty-eighth Street (12.3), is another noble landmark of the early Swedish set- tlers. Built in 1760, it was the second of the three original Swedish Churches. Other details regarding it will be found in Route 1. The Merion Meeting House, old Lancaster Road and Meeting House Lane (20.6), built by the Welsh Friends in 1695, is the oldest meeting house of the Society of Friends, and the oldest place of religious worship in Pennsylvania. One of the founders of this most ancient of church buildings was Dr. Thomas Wynne, Penn’s friend and physician, who came over with him in the Welcome. The wooden peg on which he used to hang his hat may still be seen. Descendants who con- tinue his name still sit at the head of this well-cherished meeting. In this old build- ing, picturesque without and within, the voice of William Penn often broke the silence of the meeting on First-day morning. St. Michael’s Lutheran Church, southeast corner of Main and Phil-ellena Streets, Ger- mantown (29.1), founded about 1737, is the oldest German Lutheran congregation in Pennsylvania. The present church building is the third to occupy the site, having been erected in 1896. Here the distinguished Rev. Henry Melchior Muhlenberg labored in 1742. His eldest son was the celebrated General John Peter Gabriel Muhlenberg, who found time to fight as well as preach, and startled his congregation by appearing in military uniform covered by the minister’s gown, which he stripped off at the close of his patriotic sermon. This preacher-general made finally such a record during the Revo- lutionary War that he was afterwards elected to high public offices, including that of United States Senator. William A. Muhlen- berg, a great grandson of the Lutheran founder, became an Episcopal minister, and was the author of the once popular hymn, “T would not live alway.” In the graveyard, to the left on entrance, is the tomb of Chris- topher Ludwick, “Baker General’ to the Con- tinental Army. Major Witherspoon (son of the distinguished President of Princeton Col- MILEAGE ITINERARY Route 4—The Ancient Churches—46.6 m. TRINITY CHURCH, OXFORD, 1711 In this parish church in a sequestered corner of old Philadelphia Church of England services have gone Mileage 29.8 30.5 30.6 30.9 31.6 pag | 32.5 33.6 36.4 36.5 38.2 41.8 42.0 44.1 40.6 on unbroken for upwards of two centuries. Germantown Ave., north of Herman St., east side, Mennonite Meeting House. Built 1770. Founded 1708. Stop. Market Square Presbyterian Church (1856), opposite No. 5442 Germantown Ave. Present building is the third building in succession to the German Reformed Church first built on this site in 1733. Coulter and Germantown Ave., northwest corner, Germantown Friends’ Meeting (con- nected with the Arch Street Yearly Meeting); buildings modern; ground deeded 1693; first organized 1683. Stop (See Route 3). No. 5109 Germantown Ave., Thones Kunder’s House, first meeting place of the Society of Friends in Germantown (See Route 3). Wingohocking St.; turn left. Cross Broad St. Roosevelt Boulevard; turn left. Rising Sun Ave.; turn left. Church Lane; turn right. Trinity Church, Oxford, Church Lane, between Rising Sun Ave. and Oxford Road. Built 1711. Stop. 36.6 Oxford Road; turn right. Right onto Roosevelt Boulevard. Curve around circle, continuing on Boulevard. Broad St.; turn left. Mikve Israel Synagogue, Broad and York, S. E. corner. Built 1909. Founded 1747. City Hall, PHILADELPHIA. 63 DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY Route 4—The Ancient Churches—46.6 m. BO MARKET SQUARE CHURCH, GERMANTOWN Established first as a Presbyterian Church in 1856, it began as the German Reformed Church, 1733. lege), killed in the Battle of Germantown, is buried here. The Church of the Brethren, or Dunkards, at No. 6613 Main Street, above Sharpnack Street, Germantown (29.2), notable as the mother congregation of this sect in America, began as a church organization in 1723, although the front portion of the present otherwise modern building dates back only to 1770. Within the meeting house may be seen a tablet to the memory of Christopher Sower, the younger, at one time Bishop of the Church of the Brethren, and to the mem- ory of Christopher Sower, the father, famous for publishing the first American quarto edi- tion of the Bible in 1743. In the well-kept graveyard lies Alexander Mack, founder of the Dunkard Sect. . The Mennonite Meeting House, on Main Street above Herman Street, Germantown (29.8), was built in 1770, the successor of a little log meeting house built in 1708. In- deed among the first thirteen German fam- ilies that settled Germantown in 1683 some were Friends and some were Mennonites. The first pastor of the Mennonite congrega- tion was William Rittenhouse, famous as the first paper-maker in the colonies, and as the ancestor of the distinguished David Ritten- house. A tablet to his memory is at the right on entrance to the church grounds. In the surrounding graveyard are numerous tomb- stones of exceptional interest. The Market Square Presbyterian Church, Market Square, Germantown (30.5), Presby- teria in its organization only since 1856, is the third building erected on the site of the original German Reformed Church, built here in 1733. Here Washington attended services during his presidency, when in 1793 he resided temporarily in the Morris House, No. 5442 Main Street, directly opposite. The Germantown Friends’ Meeting House, Coulter Street west of Germantown Avenue (30.6), stands on land conveyed to the meet- ing by one of the early German Friends, Jacob Shoemaker, in 1693. The attendance on First-day mornings is from 200 to 300. There are five recorded ministers and fre- quent vocal service from the body of the Meeting. The first Meeting House was built in 1686; the present Meeting House dates from 1866. The earliest meetings of Friends in Germantown were held at the house of Thones Kunder as early as 1683. Francis Daniel Pastorius, the leader of the thirteen original settlers of Germantown, was prom- inent in this Meeting, and is probably buried in the adjoining graveyard, although the grave is not marked (See Route 3). On Church Road, between Rising Sun Avenue and Oxford Road (36.5), still stands Trinity Church, Oxford, erected in 1711. A date stone on the front of the old church records that Church of England services. were held on this site as early as 1698 in a log meeting house originally built by the Oxford Society of Friends. The wings of the church building as it now stands were added in 1833, and the tower in 1875. In the vestryroom are portraits, and two auto- graph letters from the Rev. William Smith, first Provost of the College of Philadelphia. The surrounding churchyard bears ample testimony to the antiquity of the place, some tombstones dating back to 1708 and 1709, and showing the names of the birth- places of these early English settlers, still preserved in the nomenclature of the sur- rounding region. The ground on which the church stands was purchased from Tobias and Hester Leech, whose tombstone is con- spicuous in the surrounding graveyard. Route 5—Some Early Colonial Homes STENTON—BUILT BY JAMES LOGAN IN 1728 Most historic of early colonial country-seats, the home of Penn’s’ friend and confidential secretary is possessed of rare charm and beauty. DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY Route 5—Some Early Colonial Homes—25.5 m. This drive leads up busy Broad Street, across ancient Germantown, through the never-tiring delights of the Wissahickon, in and around the rural roads of West Fairmount Park, and finally, after a detour to Haverford, down the lively thoroughfares of modern West Philadelphia. It is full of striking contrasts, all heightened by vivid reminders of the simplicity of colonial days as emphasized by James Logan’s delightful home at Stenton, John Bartram’s cherished garden in Kingsessing, and many interesting and notable inter- vening places. ARLY colonial houses in excellent pres- ervation are still numerous in Phila- delphia. Going north on Broad Street and turning left into Courtlandt Street (4.9), we reach Stenton (5.3), the home of James Logan, secretary and confidential friend of William Penn. Built in 1728, Stenton is now owned by the city and occupied as headquarters by the Colonial Dames. The builder of this delightful colonial home came to Philadel- phia in 1699, and died in his seventy-seventh year in 1751. He first lived in Penn’s old Slate Roof House on Second Street above Walnut. His whole life. was identified officially with the Penn family and the pro- prietary government. Scholar as well as official, his fine collection of rare and val- uable editions, classic and scientific, became the foundation of the Loganian library, now possessed by the Philadelphia Library Com- pany. Scotch by ancestry, Irish by birth, English colonial by adoption, Quaker by dis- position, James Logan became progenitor of a foremost American family. Stenton was occupied by members of the Logan family down to about 1876, the last private owner being Gustavus Logan, grandson of Dr. George Logan, who died in 1821. Without and within Stenton still reflects the enduring charm of early colonial days. The visitor should walk around the great square structure, with its pent roof, and attic, and see first the old-fashioned flower garden, still enchanting for its simple beauty. Nearby are the stables, once connected with the house by an underground passage, which led to a secret staircase and a door under the roof. Not far from the house may be seen the old walled family burying-ground. An embanked vault in this was once the out- let of the secret underground passage lead- ing from the house. Fine old oaks, pines 66 and hemlocks still adorn and guard the grounds. The Wingohocking Creek, which once meandered through Logan’s many- acred plantation, has been swallowed up by modern improvements. Within Stenton much is to be seen of stirring interest. The brick hall, the mag- nificent double staircase, the lofty rooms cov- ered with fine old-fashioned woodwork, the high wainscoting, the beautiful chimney places set round with blue and white sculp- tured tiles with grotesque devices, the corner cupboards, the cupboards in arched niches over the mantelpieces, the finely lighted spacious room on the second floor, used as a library by the book-loving masters of the place,—all conjure up the charm of perished days. Family portraits, recently rehung on the walls, ancestral furniture spread through the rooms, books and letters of the first James Logan—all add to the attractiveness of this dignified reminder of early colonial life. ; Before leaving Stenton we remind our- selves that here came the Indians for friendly consultation, sometimes three or four hun- dred strong, encamping on the grounds for days; here Thomas Godfrey, glazier, en- gaged on a routine every-day task, stumbled upon and grasped the idea that led to his in- vention of the quadrant; here Howe made his headquarters before and after the Battle of Germantown; here Washington had head- quarters on his way to the Brandywine, and in later peaceful days dined with the Logan family ; here was born and lived Dr. George Logan, James Logan’s grandson, United States Senator from Pennsylvania from 1801 until 1807. Turning into Germantown Avenue (Main Street) (5.8), at No. 5261 Main Street (6.6), we come upon another venerated memorial of colonial days—the Wister House, built in MILEAGE ITINERARY Route 5—Some Early Colonial Homes—25.5 m. Driving time about 2 hrs. 15 min. Stops of at least 30 minutes each should be made at Stenton, Bel- mont, and Bartram’s Garden. For full details see ‘‘Descriptive Itinerary.” Mileage 0.0 PHILADELPHIA, City Hall, north side. Go north on Broad St. 4.9 Courtland St.; turn left. 5.2 18th St.; turn right. Follow road at right into 5.3 Stenton, home of James Logan, built 1728. Stop. Reverse on 18th St. to 5.4 Courtland St.; turn right. 5.6 20th St.; turn left, and immediately right onto Wingohocking St., and immediately right onto 5.8 Germantown Ave. (Main St.). 6.6 No. 5261 Main St., the Wister House, built 1744. 7.4 No. 6019 Main St., formerly the Green Tree Tavern, home of Daniel and Sarah Pas- torius, built 1748. For illustration, see Route 3. 7.4 Walnut Lane; turn left. 8.3. Wissahickon Ave.; turn left down hill. 8.4 Lincoln Drive; turn right. 8.6 Home of William Rittenhouse (birthplace of David Rittenhouse), built 1707 (See Routes 3 and 13). WISTER HOUSE, GERMANTOWN, 1744 Remembered for its Revolutionary and other historic associations Grumblethorpe is also notable as the first summer home of a Philadelphia family in Germantown. 67 DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY Route 5—Some Early Colonial Homes—25.5 m. ie 1 ee ey WOODFORD—BUILT BY WILLIAM COLEMAN, 1742 Here lived the man of whom Franklin said: “He had the coolest, clearest head, the best heart, and the exactest morals of any man I ever met with.” 1744 by John Wister, founder of a family conspicuous in the annals of Philadelphia. This house is interesting as the first erected in Germantown as a country-seat for a citi- zen of Philadelphia, to be used only in the summer season, a town-house and a country house ever since being the highest ambition as well as the highest reward of all aspiring Philadelphians. For the Revolutionary asso- ciations of the Wister House see Route 10. Five generations of Wisters have occu- pied this old house since John Wister, founder of the family, born near Heidel- berg, came a lad of eighteen to Philadel- phia in 1727, on a ship with some four hundred German emigrants. These emi- grants gave grave concern to James Logan and other members of the Provincial Council of Pennsylvania, who required these alleged religious refugees to take oath of allegiance to the king, and promise fidelity to the pro- prietor and obedience to the established con- stitution. The Lieutenant-Governor at the 68 time declared that the Province “may be en- dangered by such numbers of strangers daily pouring in, who being ignorant of our language and laws, and settling in a body to- gether, make, as it were, a distinct people from His Majesty’s subjects.” Farther along on Germantown Avenue, No. 6019 Main Street (7.4), we may inspect another early colonial home, built in 1748. This beautiful specimen of early architecture was built by Daniel and Sarah Pastorius, whose distinguished ancestor Francis Daniel Pastorius, founder of Germantown, lived in the original homestead that stood down to about 1872 on the site of the adjoining Methodist Church (See Route 3). Francis Daniel Pastorius died in 1719, and some of his descendants of the name of Pastorius still live in Germantown. The Green Tree Tavern (7.4), as the house was once known, was kept by Daniel Pastorius as a public house until his death in 1754. A beautiful drive along the Wissahickon MILEAGE ITINERARY Route 5—Some Early Colonial Homes—25.5 m. INTERIOR OF BELMONT MANSION, 1745 Connecting fireplace, doors, and windows in a definite architectural scheme, wood paneling was a beautiful feature of an early colonial home. Mileage 9.9 Cross under RR. bridge, leaving Wissahickon Drive. 10.0 ‘Turn left onto East River Drive. PP Seeoeariert 1p hill. 12.2.5 lurn lett. 12.4 Woodford Mansion, on left, near York St. entrance to Fairmount Park. Beyond man- sion take right fork, and continue on road curving left. 12.8 Cross trolley bridge over the Schuylkill River. 13.2 Left fork down hill. 13.5 Turn left on Speedway. 14.0 Bear left over bridge. 14.1 Turn left. 14.3 Belmont Mansion, built 1745. Stop; visit interior. Magnificent view of city. Con- tinue to 14.7. Turn right. | 14.8 Straight ahead across Belmont Ave. (Turn right for detour). Detour to Whitby New.—0.0 Belmont Ave.; turn right. 0.5 Conshohocken Road; turn left. 0.9 City Line Ave.; turn left. 1.5 Cross Old Lancaster Road. 2.6 Lancaster Pike; turn right. 6.2 On left, Old Buck Tavern (1735). Turn left onto Old Buck Lane. 6.6 Dead end; turn right onto 69 DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY Route 5—Some Early Colonial Homes—25.5 m. and the east bank of the Schuylkill River brings us to Woodford, known also as the Coleman Mansion, standing near the York Street entrance to Fairmount Park (12.4). William Coleman, who occupied Woodford, was the first treasurer of the Philadelphia Library Company, which grew out of Frank- lin’s Junto. Beginning life as a merchant’s clerk, he afterwards became one of the great merchants of the time. Franklin said of him: “He had the coolest, clearest head, the best heart, and the exactest morals of any man I ever met with.” The house was built in 1742, and is the oldest mansion in Fairmount Park. There is a casting in the chimney with the family coat of arms and the date. Here lived in Revolutionary days the Franks family. In 1784 one of the mem- bers of this family became bearer of the ratified treaty of peace to England. Famed for her beauty, wit, and wealth, Rebecca Franks, one of the queens of the Mischianza, married an officer of the British army. Crossing the trolley bridge (12.8) over the Schuylkill River, we reach the high plateau on which Belmont Man- sion (14.3) stands. These grounds were bought in 1742 by William Peters, the wealthy brother of the Rev. Dr. Richard Peters, who is mentioned in a letter of James Logan as early as 1735. The date of the main outbuilding of Belmont Mansion is fixed by a monogram still visible, ““T. W. P., 1745,” cut on a slab set in the wall; but the original small stone house, with a bay on the southern end, was ee) q WHITBY HALL—BUILT 1741 “Whitby New’’—Tunbridge Road, Haverford, 1923 shortly | probably finished in 1743, for Richard Peters, the son of the owner, was born there in June, 1744. Young Richard Peters was destined to become famous as a patriot, and particularly as a Judge of the United States District Court in Pennsylvania. Indeed the Revolutionary and later history of Bel- mont quite overshadows all its other associa- tions (See Route 10). In 1867) Belmont came into the possession of the city and since then has been a Park restaurant. Standing at the hall door of Belmont (14.3), one should enjoy the uninterrupted descending vista to the river, with its varie- gation of greensward and woodland, sun- light and shadow, which some one once said was worth crossing the continent to see. It should be remembered that Belmont was originally a “colonial plantation,” of over two hundred acres, beautiful in situation, and embracing the island in the Schuyl- kill River afterwards known as Peter’s Island. Here went on the life of the typical English colonist and official. Within Belmont Mansion, observe the broad hall, the small window-glass and heavy sashes, the highly ornamented wooden mantlepieces, the comfortable dining room, open fireplaces, the coat-of-arms of the family, and the other artistic devices on the ceiling, representing musical instruments of various kinds. A detour from Belmont to Haverford is quite worth while for a glimpse of Whitby Hall, generally agreed to be as perfect a specimen of colonial architecture as exists anywhere in the neighborhood of Philadel- phia. Built in 1741 by James Coultas, High Sheriff of Philadelphia for the years 1755- 1758, Whitby Hall stood for more than a hundred and eighty years in Philadelphia at the northeast corner of Fifty-eighth and Florence Street, but was taken down brick by brick and removed to Haverford in 1922. It is occupied by descendants of the family of James Coultas and George Gray, in the seventh generation. The interior is of rare architectural beauty. After a long and devious drive we pass (19.4) the original site of Whitby Hall at Fifty-eighth and Florence Streets. The MILEAGE ITINERARY Route 5—Some Early Colonial Homes—25.5 m. JOHN BARTRAM’S HOME, KINGSESSING, 1731 Clothed with clinging ivy and climbing roses, this house of rough hewn stone, built by the first American botanist, is for stateliness and rusticity unmatched in America. Railroad Ave. 6.7 Fork; keep left on College Ave. 7.2 Cross bridge over Philadelphia and Western Railway. 7.3 Tunbridge Road; turn right. Road curves to left. 7.4 Whitby New (second house on left), Tunbridge Road, Haverford. Reverse on Tunbridge Road to starting point. Mileage 15.1 On left English House, a remaining memorial of the Centennial Exposition, 1876. 15.3 Bear right, and immediately left, curving down hill. 15.6 Curve right onto 52nd St. 18.0 Baltimore Ave.; turn right. 18.7 58th St.; turn left. 19.4 Florence and 58th Sts., southeast corner, original site of Whitby Hall; built 1745; removed 1922 to Haverford, Pa. 19.9 Woodland Ave.; turn left. 20.3 54th St.; turn right. . 20.6 Elmwood Ave.; turn left and immediately right across bridge to 20.7 Bartram’s Home and Garden, 1731. Stop. Reverse, turning left on Elmwood Ave., and immediately right onto 54th St. 21.1 Woodland Ave.; turn right. 22.2 43rd and Woodland Ave.; turn left. 22.9 Walnut St.; turn right. 23.6 36th St.; turn left. 23.7 Chestnut St.; turn right. e5.2° Oth ot. turn left. 25.3 Market St.; turn right. 25.5 City Hall, PHILADELPHIA. 71 DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY Route 5—Some Early Colonial Homes—25.5 m. house stood at the end of Gray’s lane, on the brow of a hill rising from the Ameasaka Creek, once tributary to Cobb’s Creek. Coultas’s saw-mill near Cobb’s Creek, his ferry across the Schuylkill River, the farm- lands that once made up his plantation, the rough roads that he straightened, the ob- structions to navigation in the Schuylkill for the removal of which he labored, have all disappeared. And now Whitby Hall has been displaced, too. Some idea of an English plantation in colonial days may be deduced from this ad- vertisement, which appeared in the Pennsyl- vania Gazette for April 7, 1768: “On Thursday, the 7th of April inst. at 9 o’clock in the morning, at the plantation of the late James Coultas’s, Esq., in Blockley, will be sold. by public vendue, all the stock, car- -riages and implements of husbandry, con- sisting of horses, mares and colts, milch cows, and store cattle, a very large bull, 20 fine sheep, some of the English breed, with lambs; wagons, carts and geers, plows, har- rows and slay; carpenter’s tools; a quantity of wheelwright stuff, well-seasoned, and a variety of very good household and kitchen furniture, some plate, and many other things, not particularly mentioned.” And then is added a note: “To be sold at private sale 6 Negroes, viz., a Negro man, a cooper by trade, a very good workman; his wife, a very good house-wench, with one female child, two years old; one other Negro woman, a good house and dairy maid; likewise two twins, a boy and a girl, ten years old, smart lively children.” Turning into Woodland Avenue (19.9), and again into Fifty-fourth Street (20.3), we complete this trip by visiting the pic- turesque mansion (20.7) built in 1731 by John Bartram, the first American botanist, once called by Linnaeus “the greatest of nat- ural botanists in the world.” The quaint Bartram Home, built of hewn stone and mor- tar, odd-fashioned in architecture but solid and enduring, was the product of its owner’s own hands. The date stone on the south side of the house contains the names of John and Ann Bartram. Over the front window of the apartment used by Bartram az for his study, on a stone built into the wall, is an inscription added in 1770, significant for its declaration: “Tis God alone, almighty Lord, The holy One by me adored.” Over the door of one of the nearby green- houses Bartram once placed these lines: “Slave to no sect, who takes no private road, But looks through Nature up to Nature’s God.” The original grounds of Bartram’s plan- tation occupied six or seven acres. The gar-_ den which he laid out adjoining his house sloped to the banks of the Schuylkill River. There was once a fine prospect of the river and of the rich meadows up and down on both sides, with glimpses of the Delaware at a distance. In the garden may still be found trees, fruits, and plants gathered by Bartram in his wide travels in his native country. John Bartram died in this old house Sep- tember 22, 1777, just as the British were advancing from the Brandywine. He was born March 23, 1699, at Darby, then in Chester County. Benjamin’ Franklin, in- troducing Bartram to Jared Eliot in 1775, wrote: “I believe you will find him to be at least twenty folio pages, large paper, well- filled, on the subjects of botany, fossils, hus- bandry, and the first creation.” As early as 1729, James Logan, writing abroad for a copy of Parkinson’s “Herbal,” said: “I shall make it a present to a person worthier of a heavier purse than fortune has yet al- lowed him. John Bartram has a genius per- fectly well turned for botany.” James Logan thus we see was a friend and neighbor to the farthest limits of early Philadelphia. Visitors to Bartram’s early home in the wilderness should take with them, if possible, Hector St. John Crévecoeur’s Letters from an American Farmer, and read on the spot the famous letter. of a Russian gentleman de- scribing the visit he paid to Bartram at the request of 'Crevecoeur. _ Peter (Kalm>eine Swedish traveller, a professor in the Univer- sity of Aabo, Swedish Finland, in his Travels in America, also tells of a visit here in 1748, | giving a vivid and entertaining picture of 3artram and his home life (See Route 1). Route 6—Relics and Reminders of the Indians aygionee ; i i ‘| ‘ 4 g AN AMERICAN INDIAN CHIEF ioe Conspicuous in the collection of Indian relics and curios in the Old City Hall, Fifth and Chestnut Streets, in this contemporary portrait by Charles Willson Peale. DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY Route 6—Relics and Reminders of the Indians—83.8 m. For young and old alike this trip is a fascinating and remarkable set of experiences. Beginning with relics, books, pictures, and curios in museums, it extends to notable historic sites in the city, and finally stretches far out into the happy hunting grounds of the country, reaching the burial ground of the great Indian chief, Tamenend (Tammany), five miles from Doylestown, and the celebrated starting point of the famous “Indian Walk” at Wrightstown. The thirty mile drive back to the heart of Philadelphia leads uphill and down dale, through wide stretches of beautiful open country, past growing towns and villages, by thriving farms and wooded regions, along a great stretch of the Lincoln Highway, and, after completing the twelve miles of the magnificent Roosevelt Boulevard, carries one through miles of crowded streets and close-built houses back to the center of the white man’s civilization. ELICS and reminders of the Indians and the days of the wigwam are not entirely lacking in and around Philadelphia. Stop first at the Historical Society of Pennsylvania (0.5) and see, in the museum on the second floor, the famous wampum belt given by the Indians to William Penn when he made his celebrated treaty under the elm tree at Shackamaxon. One of Philadelphia’s greatest historic treasures, this precious Indian relic was given to the Historical Society in 1857 by Penn’s great- grandson, Granville John Penn. Across the street, at the Philadelphia Library Company, Juniper and Locust (0.5), in a case in the rear room, is displayed a number of dignified folios, printed chiefly by Benjamin Franklin, recording the “Minutes” of various conferences with the Indians, held at Lancaster and Easton from 1744 to 1762. Notable is the manuscript “Minutes” of the conferences, held at Easton in August, 1761, with the chief sachems and warriors of the Onondagoes, Oneidas, Mohickons, Tutelos, Cayugas, Nanticokes, Delawares and Conoys. A short walk north on Juniper Street from Locust brings one to the narrow alley called Chancellor Street, which leads on the left to an open plot of ground adjoining the Ritz- Carlton Hotel and the sidewalk of the Phila- delphia Library. Tradition has long said that this open plot was one of two Indian reservations set aside by the Penn family. Passing Independence Square at Walnut and Fifth “Streets 5 (4i5))- recaliethareria colonial days Indians came to the city in large numbers and camped for weeks in the State House Yard, a long row of sheds being put up about 1759 for their accommodation. If the trees in Independence Square had tongues some of them could tell interesting 74 tales of these early Indians. Here a ter- rified band of Indians finally fled for pro- tection when the Paxton Boys in 1764 started on their raid from Lancaster. On this ground Washington in 1791 made treaties with some of the great Indian chiefs,—with Cornplanter in January, with Red Jacket in March, and with Brant in June. There still exists in Buffalo the silver medal presented to Red Jacket as a token of affection, show- ing on one side Washington in uniform hand- ing the calumet to an Indian chief. Remember on entering the old City Hall at fifth and Chestnut Streets (1.6), used at one time by the Supreme Court of the United States, that here conferences with the Indians also were held. Conspicuous in the hallway on entrance is Benjamin» West’s painting of “Penn’s Treaty with the Indians.” Here also may be seen a section of the orig- inal Treaty Elm under which Penn made his treaty with the Indians at Kensington; a portrait of Red Jacket; a portrait of an American Indian Chief by Charles Willson Peale; a good collection of arrow heads, Indian axes, household implements, beads and garments; a scalp stretcher; and other Indian curios. Here too, and worthy of special examination, is an Indian deed for land signed in 1769 by representatives of the Six Nations, showing the totem signatures. In the rear of 145 South Second Street (2.0), and on the south side of the Keystone Telephone Building (which occupies the site of the famous Slate Roof House, the resi- dence of Penn on his second visit to Phila- delphia), is an open plot of ground, called Moravian Street, still celebrated as an In- dian reservation set aside by John Penn, grandson of William Penn, in 1755. Passing through Dock Street from Second MILEAGE ITINERARY Route 6—Relics and Reminders of the Indians—83.8 m. Driving time about 5 hrs. This is a most attractive all-day trip. Two additional hours’ may be spent divided as follows: Historical Society of Pennsylvania, 10 min.; Philadelphia Library Company, 10 min.; Reservations, 10 min.; old City Hall, 30 min.; Penn Treaty Park, 5 min.; Museum of Germantown Site and Relic Society, 15 min.; Museum, Bucks County Historical Society, 30 min.; Chief Tammany’s burial ground, 5 min.; starting point of famous ‘Indian Walk,’’ Wrightstown, 5 min. Added time is required for dining at Doylestown. For full details see ‘Descriptive Itinerary.” Mileage 0.0 PHILADELPHIA, City Hall, east side. Go east on Market St. Oreeei2th.ot- turn: nght. 0.4 Locust St.; turn right. 0.5 13th and Locust Sts., southwest corner, Historical Society of Pennsylvania. Stop. Continue on Locust St. 0.5 Juniper and Locust Sts., Philadelphia Library Company. Stop. Walk north on Juniper St. to narrow Chancellor St., then left to open tract in rear of Ritz-Carlton. Continue left on Juniper St. 0.6 Spruce St.; turn left. 1235, tinot.: turn left. 1.6 Chestnut and 5th Sts., southwest corner, old City Hall. Stop on 5th St. Indian Rights Association, Drexel Building, southeast corner, 5th and Chestnut Sts. Continue, turning right on Chestnut St. 1.9 2nd St.; turn right. 2.0 145 South 2nd St., Keystone Telephone Building; railed open tract (south side and rear), called Moravian St., is a reputed Indian reservation. 2.0 Dock St.; turn diagonally left. 2.2 Front and Dock Sts., northwest corner, successor and original site of Blue Anchor Inn. 2.2 Delaware Ave.; turn left. 3.5 Continue on Penn Boulevard (Delaware Avenue). 3.8 Pass Shackamaxon St., on left. 3.9 Bear right across Penn Boulevard into Beach St. PENN TREATY PARK MONOLITH TO THE LENNI LENAPE INDIANS Overshadowing the treaty elm at “Sachamexin,”’ where At Wrightstown, Pa., near the Quaker Meeting House, is Indian sachems were wont to gather, is the new plant of the this monument marking the starting point of the Indian Philadelphia Electric Company, “Walking Purchase. 75 ‘ainyaid oy} UT dINSy JesjUId oY} SI ‘sfaryd UeIPUy oy} [][e JO Jsayeois ‘AuewIWIeT, “1S se UMOUY MOU ‘pusuaweT ‘T]TeH{ AUD PiO ‘wNasnyy JeuoTeN 2} FO sainseat} sy} JO dU St Surjured snowey sysoA\ UlWefusg «SNVIGNI HHL HLIM ALVAUL S.NNAd:, Mileage 4.0 4.3 4.5 MILEAGE ITINERARY Route 6—Relics and Reminders of the Indians—83.8 m. Beach and Columbia Ave., Penn Treaty Park. Stop. Turn left onto Columbia Ave., and immediately left on Penn Boulevard. Shackamaxon St.; turn right. East Girard Ave.; turn left. Germantown Ave.; turn right. Fork at 6.9; turn left. York Road; turn right. Note the small triangular park at the intersection of German- town Road and Rising Sun Avenue. Wingohocking St.; turn square left. Cross 18th St.; one block north, Stenton. Germantown Ave.; right. Market Square, Germantown. Vernon Park, Museum of Germantown Site and Relic Society. E. Haines St.; turn right. At 12.2 cross Stenton Ave. Bear right, keeping on Haines St. Cross Broad St. at 13.2. York Road; turn left. Fork at 14.9; bear left. Fork at Jenkintown; keep left. Willow Grove P. O. Fork; bear left onto Doylestown Pike. Horsham Meeting. Cross Neshaminy Creek. Cross stone bridge, turning immediately left. Pass into Main St., Doylestown. State St.; turn left. Fountain House, Ye Old Inn. Detour, after dining, to the Museum of the Bucks County Historical Society. Continue on State St. at 31.7. Fork; bear right on State Road to Chalfont. National Farm School, on left. Cross bridge. New Britain P. O. Cross R. R. at grade. Cross county bridge. Cross bridge over Neshaminy at Chalfont. At line fence, on the right of State Road, walk across field down hill about 100 yards to two trees near a winding streamlet, with a wooded ridge in background. Here is the ground where lies buried Tamenend, or St. Tammany, the great Indian chief. Reverse on State Road to Turn right onto road leading over Spruce Hill. Left on dirt roads. In bad weather, the return to Doylestown should be made by continuing at 37.1 direct to Doylestown over the State Road. Beautiful views on left. Cross bridge over creek. Cross R. R. at grade. State Road to Doylestown; turn right. Fountain House, Doylestown, on left. Triple-fork; turn right on Maple Ave. to Buckingham. Mechanics Valley P. O. Fork; turn right into Buckingham. Cross Old York Road; Gen. Greene Inn, on left; Buckingham P. O., on right. Jog right and then left onto road to Wrightstown. Cross R. R. at grade. Bear right; past Pineville P. O., on right. Anchor Hotel, on right. Jog right and then left. 77 DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY Route 6—Relics and Reminders of the Indians—83.8 m. to Front (2.1), we recall that in the days of William Penn this was a winding stream known as Dock Creek. Here Indians and Swedes came to greet Penn when he first arrived in the province and landed in 1682 near the site of the original “Blue Anchor Inn,” the successor of which still stands at the northwest corner of Front and Dock Streets (2.4). The grandmother of Samuel Preston has told how Penn endeared himself to the Indians by walking with them, sitting with them on the ground, eating with them of their roasted acorns and hominy, and, when they began to show how they could hop and jump, by even springing up and beating them all at running. Penn was thirty-eight at this time and had been an athlete at Oxford. For convenience this trip is routed up Delaware Avenue to Shackamaxon Street. The journey up Front Street to Shacka- maxon Street in a modern automobile is a bit of rough riding, but is recommended as still showing numerous old streets and old houses full of reminders of the days of Penn and the Indians. “Shackamaxon” Street (3.8) not only pre- serves an old Indian name but it leads to the famous town or neighborhood in the present Kensington where in the earliest days the sachems or Indian chiefs were wont to gather. At a Swedish court held Novem- ber 12, 1678, Laurens Cock acknowledged a deed of conveyance of 300 acres of land lying “on the west side of Delaware River, at the towne or neighborhood called and known by the name of Sachamexin—the whole dividend or quantity of land being of late surveyed for the inhabitants of Sacha- mexin in general, and containing 1800 acres.” This conveyance shows the extent of the land wherein the celebrated Treaty-tree of Penn once stood. At Beach Street and Columbia Avenue, in Penn Treaty Park (4.0), we find a scion of the famous Treaty Elm and the crude treaty monument marking the spot where Penn and the Indians formed their “League of friend- ship.” Tamenend (Tamanen, Tamanee, St. Tammany), greatest of all the Indian chiefs, was the central figure in Penn’s treaty 78 with the Indians at Shackamaxon (See Route 2). Turning into Germantown Avenue (4.9), we recall that some of Watson’s aged con- temporaries “could well remember German- town street as being an Indian footpath, going through laurel bushes.” The annalist himself tells of the great quantity of Indian arrow heads, spears, and hatchets, still ploughed up in the fields in his day. “I have seen some in a heap of two hundred together, in a circle of the size of a bushel.” At the intersection of Germantown Road and Rising Sun Avenue (7.3) is a small triangular park, which helps to perpetuate the name of the ancient village formerly at this point, and to recall how Rising Sun was given its name by two of the earliest settlers whose friendliness with the Indians led to the gift of this land. Wingohocking Street (8.5) in name is an interesting survival of Indian days. One block north of this street, at Eighteenth Street, is Stenton (See Route 5), the home of James Logan, Penn’s secretary. . Here Logan entertained the Indians many times in large numbers. On one occasion when Chief Wingohocking, according to Indian fashion, offered to exchange names with him, Logan diplomatically passed the compliment on to Wingohocking Creek. Creek and Indians have disappeared, but the name of Wingo- hocking still lives on. Market Square, Germantown (10.2), has some notable associations with the Indians. Here took place a successful conference be- tween Benjamin Franklin, aided by other citizens, and the famous Paxton Boys, sev- eral hundred strong, who in their excitement against Indian depredators marched upon Philadelphia to do violence to the Indians there. A weather vane of the old church that stood in the market place is still preserved riddled with bullet holes made by the Pax- ton Boys for their own amusement. In Vernon Park (10.5), on the west side of Germantown Avenue, above Chelten Ave- nue, stands the old Wister mansion, now used as the historic Museum of the German- town Site and Relic Society, where may be seen the gaudy Indian carved in wood that MILEAGE ITINERARY Route 6—Relics and Reminders of the Indians—83.8 m. BURIAL GROUND OF THE INDIAN CHIEF TAMENEND ” The last resting place of “St. Tammany,” at Chalfont, five miles from Doylestown, has been rescued from oblivion by the Bucks County Historical Society. Mileage 53.4 Monolith to the Lenni Lenape Indians, marking the starting point of the famous “Indian Walk,” adjoining Wrightstown Meeting House. 56.6 Curve right. 57.0 Turn left into Newtown. 57.1 State St., Newtown; turn right with trolley. 57.4 Newtown P. O. 57.9 Cross R. R. at grade. 60.9 Pass into Pine St., Langhorne. 61.2 Maple Ave.; turn right. 61.9 Fork; turn left for Lincoln Highway. 63.8 Sharp S-turn over R. R. 64.0 Turn left and immediately right onto Lincoln Highway. 64.3 Cross bridge over Neshaminy Creek. 66.5 Fork; keep right. At 66.7 cross bridge at City Limit. 68.8 Fork; keep left on Lincoln Highway. 71.2 Evergreen Farms Restaurant. 71.7 Cross bridge over Pennypack Creek. 75.4 Castor Circle. 79.2 Broad St.; turn left. 83.8 City Hall, PHILADELPHIA. 79 DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY Route 6—Relics and Reminders of the Indians—83.8 m. once crowned the summit of Indian Rock, on the Wissahickon, about a mile beyond Valley Green. This curious carving is said to represent Tedyuscung, the notable Dela- ware chief, who was the last of the Indian chiefs to leave the shores of the Delaware. Bow and spear in hand, a plume of eagle feathers on his brow, he is stepping forth upon his journey toward the setting sun. Beyond Germantown the remainder of this trip is a long but fascinating cross-country drive, full of beauty and diversity of scen- ery, and unique in its reminders of the Indians. On the way through Willow Grove (19.6) to Doylestown (31.4) will be met sign-posts heralding Doylestown as the location of the grave of Tammany, the Lenape chief for whom the Tammany society of New York is named. But neither sign-posts nor printed guides point the way. It is wise to dine in Doylestown at the Fountain House (1748), and then spend half an hour (de- tour to South Pine Street, 0.4 mile), in the remarkable Museum of the Bucks County Historical Society. Here will be found a stone marked: “To the memory of the cele- brated Lenape Chieftain TAMENEND, once owner of this and all land between Ne- shaminy and Pennypack Creeks. These stones are placed at this spot near which an aged Indian called Tammany by the pioneers of Bucks County was buried by white men about the year 1750.” This stone has ap- parently been “rescued” from its original location. The burial ground of Tamenend, or St. Tammany, already mentioned as the greatest of the Indian chiefs who figured in Penn’s treaty with the Indians at Shack- amaxon, is five miles from Doylestown at Chalfont, on the State road leading to Norristown. Leaving Doylestown (31.7), by way of State Street, we cross the bridge’ over the Neshaminy at Chalfont (36.5). A third of a mile beyond the bridge (36.8), at a line fence, on the right of the State road, we stop and walk across the field down hill about 100 yards to two trees near a winding 80 streamlet, with a wooded ridge in the back- ground. Here is the burying ground of Tamenend (36.8). No stone marks the grave, for the exact site is unknown. But the place has been identified and preserved by the zeal of the intelligent officials of the Bucks County Historical Society. The spot is one of charm and beauty. Back through Doylestown (43.2), by way of Spruce Hill ridge with its beautiful cross-country views, we speed for ten miles on our way to Wrightstown (53.4). Here, adjoining the Friends’ Meeting House, set up by the Bucks County Historical Society, is the impressive brown monolith to the memory of the Lenni Lenape Indians (53.4), marking the starting point of the famous “Indian Walk.” . cose ene sees cen 21 Swanson Tombstone—Old Swedes’ Church............... 23 Early, “Americanization”, Paperse.ae. cies a ele eeiiet) acters 23 Swedish Houses on Queen Street........................ 25 John=Printz; Governor at Dinicume yee ae eee ee 25 QueeniChristina of Sweden yo. 252-1.. eae cs arene eee 25 Big-Eyed-Angels—Old Swedes’ Church.................. 26 Site of the Swedish Governor’s Mansion, 1643............ 27 Swedish Log Cabin, Darby Creek, 1698................... 28 Rear View of John Morton’s Birthplace. . Seen 20 Cobb’s Creek Dam—Site of Swedish Watermill, 1644-6 29 Swedish Type of Log Farmhouse................-....--- 30 St. James Church, Kingsessing, West Philadelphia......... 31 Dr. ‘Charles, JscStill6s sateen a aves seraere telecine eke ater ee 32 The Founder of Pennsylvania—Penn in Armor’’.......... 33 Successor of the Blue*Anchor lin]... 4.052. s eee eee 35 Penn Treaty Monument, Shackamaxon................... 35 The Calder Statue:of Penn 69-3) ee ee ee 36 Penn's’ First Home: injAmerica. 2-1 teen eee eee 37 Penn's: Razors iid cacta eines soe ie seo rae eee eer 38 William Penn; Quakers: oo. ee eee a eee 39 Wynnstay—Built:in 16900) Oe 2s. as eter isie anothers 39 The Famous Wampum Belt... cee eee oe erect 39 Penn’ s Secretary sicicie csc tetspis.s oka ercienerste tc siete ebsites woken 40 Site of the Home of the Founder of Germantown.......... 41 Doorway of No. 25 High Streetan..77 eee eee 41 A Pastorius Home, 1796 41 Thones Kunder’s House.. 43 Keyser House, 1 738i sas aso: suron so ele ole seneinte Gieeterara tore 44 Pastorius Monument, Vernon Park...................... 45 Lower Burying Ground, Germantown.................... 45 Wyck—Oldest House in Germantown, 1690............... 47 Site of Rittenhouse Mill, Germantown, 1690.............. 49 Merion Meeting House, 1695.......................-0-- 50 Interior of Old Swedes’ Church, 1700.................... 50 Christ: Church sa: 3hn <0 ot es ee eee ne eee 51 Friends’ Arch Street Meeting House..................... 53 St. Michael-Zion German Lutheran Church............... 54 Interior of Christ;Churchs-s)..7, eee eee ee 55 First: PresbyterianjChurchs. .. sce eee 57 First: Baptist ‘Chureh eS mraccaios no tiara oe te Ye St. Michael’s Church, Germantown...................... 57 Church of the Brethren, Germantown.................... 57 St. Joseph’s Roman Catholic Church..................... 57 Mikve Israel Synagoeues coe ee eee 57 St. Mary’s Roman:Catholic Church.................-...- 58 St. Augustine’s Roman Catholic Church.................. 58 St. George’s Methodist Church, -..--:...0.. sat ssn oe ee 59 St. Peter’s Protestant Episcopal Church.................. 60 St: Paul’s Church [te eon cticees ene ea eae ee 60 Mennonite Meeting House, Germantown................. 61 ‘Trinity Church, Oxford oe ee eee 63 Market Square Church, Germantowa.................... 64 Stenton—Built by James Logan in 1728.................. 65 Wister House, Germantown 744— 4) np ee one eee oe 67 Woodford—Oldest Mansion in Fairmount Park............ 68 Interior of Belmont) Mansion, 745.400-.00. 2) ee oe eee 69 Whitby Hall, Haverford sees. sae eee 70 John Bartram’s House, Kingsessing, 1731................ 71 American Indian Chief—Portrait by Peale................ 73 Penn ‘Treaty Parkes: 2 ee eet ee eee 75 Monolith to the Lenni Lenape Indians................... 75 West’s ‘‘Penn’s Treaty with the Indians”................ 76 Burial Ground of the Indian Chief Tamenend............. 79 “Franklin in 1723’’—By R. Tait McKenzie............... 81 Franklin’s Library —Founded.1731 3.25..52.5.0 400500 as0 83 Franklin’s Electrical Machine. ei ia eee 84 American Philosophical Society—Founded 1743........... 85 Signers’ Chair and Table, Independence Hall............. 87 Franklin: at Sixty-one= < 22S. ,50 on eee ee ee eee 87 At; Workion the Declaration: (7.2.0.0 eae ee eee 87 Boyle’s Statue-of Franklin]: uc 2202 oe eee ane 88 Franklin Institute—Built in 18255.) 5... 2 eee 89 Franklin Court—Drawing by Frank H. Taylor............. 90 Franklin’s \Grave:...i0¢ chs sclom eae cei een nee ae ean 91 Franklin’s Composing/Stick--5. orto eee ere 92 Page “Lansdowne’’ Washington—By Gilbert Stuart............ 93 Scene of Washington’s ‘Farewell Address’’............... 95 Washington’s Desk (./5..¢..des ore ate ee ee 96 Independence Chamber—Independence Hall.............. 97 Washington’s Pew in Christ Church>)..-.... 2+ eee 98 Interior’of ‘Carpenters’ Hall. 3.2.5 .2.2 +05 cane ee 99 Old Zion Lutheran Church, December 26, 1799........... 100 Where Stuart Painted the Athenaeum Portrait............ 100 Washington’s ‘‘Presidential Mansion’”’................... 101 Betsy Ross House, No. 239 Arch Street.................. 102 Morris House, Germantown. . icc. .5 1 as ee 103 Chew Mansion, Germantown—Washington’s Battleground. 105 Blue Bell Inny'1766. foo ccc cee noe 01s ba dele eee 105 Washington Memorial Chapel, Valley Forge.............. 106 The National Memorial, Valley Forge.................... 107 Valley Forge Entrenchments in Winter Time.............. 108 Washington’s Headquarters at Valley Forge.............. 111 Lafayette’s Headquarters, Valley Forge................... 112 Washisicton Inn, Valley Forge..:...-.. 2 een 113 King of Prussia Inn, 1769.) 05,5...) 0 -tne eee 113 Soldiers’ Hut, Valley Forge..........0...08 eee eee 114 Doorway of the Chew House, Germantown............... 115 The Woodlands, West Philadelphia, 1770................. 117 Laurel Hill, Hunting Park Avenues...) o.2-)ee eee 118 Mt. Pleasant, East Fairmount Park, 1761................ 119 The Johnson Bullet-Riddled Fence, Germantown.......... 120 Carlton—The Plantation of Roxborough.................. 121 Carpenters’ Hall, 1770—Founded 1724................... 123 Charles Thomson—By Charles Willson Peale............. 124 ‘The Lane: to, Harriton. :% 95..520 seen ducts: eer 124 Harriton, Bryn: Mawr, 1704... | 3. waeipleo Grave of Charles Thomson, Laurel Hill.................. 126 Congress Hall—Rear Doors... 2-2 nee 127 Congress Hall—Main Entrance................+ss0s+-08 127 Mill Ruin'on Old Gulph Roads... eee 128 Robert Morris—By Charles Willson Peale................ 129 Caricature of Robert Morris...) oo ae eee 131 The ‘‘Angel House’”’ at Harmonville..................... 132 Bank of North America—Chartered 1781................. 133 First United States Bank; 1795...) ee eee eee 134 The Rittenhouse Clock at Drexel Institute................ 137 David Rittenhouse (1732-1796)|...).. 00) erento 138 First, United States' Mint, 1792.75... = eee 140 Rittenhouse’s ‘“‘Orrery’’—University of Pennsylvania...... 141 Birthplace of David Rittenhouse......................... 142 Rittenhouse’s Grave—Laurel Hill............ wet Sees 143 Country Home of Provost Smith?,)..).. 2 eee 144 Norriton Presbyterian’ Church.2... ..).. se eee ee 144 Schuylkill River at Market Street........................ 145 Fitch’s First Passenger Steamboat....................... 145 A Relic of the First Steamboat. 25)... 30 eee ee 145 Robert Fulton’s Philadelphia Home...................... 146 From Fitch’s MS. Books in the Ridgway Library.......... 147 Robert Fulton’s Portrait in Independence Hall Cramp’s Shipyard on the Delaware...................... Presbyterian Church of Neshaminy...................... Benjamin West (1738-1820)—By Matthew Pratt.......... 151 Mrs. Benjamin West—By Matthew Pratt West’s ‘“‘Christ Healing the Sick”................ West’s ‘Death on the Pale Horse”... ....5....555..0. 000 Birthplace of Benjamin West. ~.).-100 eee eee Dormitory Terrace—University of Pennsylvania, 1925...... 157 The Original College Building, 1740..................... 157 “Presidential Mansion” on Ninth Street, 1802-1829....... 159 The Forerunner of Penn Charter, 1745-1867.............. 161 The New William Penn Charter School at Germantown.... 161 Episcopal Academy, 178520... «101s oss seer re 162 The New Episcopal Academy at Overbrook............... 162 First Philadelphia Central High School................... 162 New Central High School Building, 1900................. 162 Germantown Academy: . 2.20.55)... 0. eee 163 University of Pennsylvania from the Air.................. 164 The First Medical School in America, 1925............... 167 First Medical School in America, 1765................... 167 College of Physicians—Founded 1787.................... 169 Interior of Library—Pennsylvania Hospital............... 170 The Pennsylvania Hospital—Founded 1754............... 171 Home of’ Dr. Caspar Wistar.) 222 sac ee eee eee 171 Home of Dr. Philip Syng Physick.....................5.. 171 Dr. Benjamin Rush—Physician and Patriot............... 172 Jefferson Medical College—Founded 1824................ 173 Dr. D. Hayes Agnew at a Clinic—By Thomas Eakins...... 175 State House Row, Philadelphia.......................-- 176 The Declaration of Independence........................ 177 Where the Declaration was Written..................... 179 Thomas Jefferson—Contemporary Portrait............... 179 James Wilson—First University Professor of Law......... 180 The First Law School in the United States..........:..... 181 314 List of [llustrations Page Oldest Law Library in the United States................. 181 PING SI EAWaL DIAL Ve scl fe ck felons. fasta eh syohapesee Weis ippeile.i® 182 Penn’s Great “‘Charter of Privileges,’’ 1701............... 182 SOMTIC Om hao anette tern crise he canes cat's oh dereusieliess eevee as 183 The Morris House, 1786—By Frank H. Taylor............ 185 Lewis-Fisher-Wharton House, 1795. ...........-..+0+0+ 186 Sweet Briar, Vansdowne Drive, 1797......6...0.0ccee---s 187 Doorway of the Stamper House, 1768...............+++-5 188 PENG VANS HOUSE, LV ODt cis circ so eirisce a pms seen options esos ouahs 188 Upsdlas Germantown; L798 20 inc. ogc cee sn eieitiesee seo 189 Loudoun, Germantown, L800. occ eee ee ee ee as 191 Vernon Mansion, Vernon Park, Germantown, 1803........ 193 Morris House Doorway, 1772, Germantown.............- 193 Stuart Corner in the Academy of Fine Arts............... 194 Founder of the Oldest Art Academy in America........... 195 Fannie Kemble—By Thomas Sully....................-. 197 PRemi DEAT i CALC aakttin.s aiciann otssieapletln ciate. o o1e wycteleiaudian so @in Ines 197 Sully in His Old Age—By Henry Inman.................. 199 Gilbert Stuart at Seventy—By John Neagle............... 199 First Native Born American Sculptor....................- 201 Masterpiece of William Rush.................--0e ee eeee Zo Interior of the Academy of Fine Arts..................++. 202 Doorway of Avondale—Home of Thomas Leiper.......... 203 Bittig’s Bas-Relief in Broad Street Station................ 204 Interior of the Baldwin Locomotive Works................ 205 Pe ea GiINes Lennala cree nce 5 sishelens iiape v8.35 annie ws 28 206 The Bull’s Head Tavern—By Frank H. Taylor............ 207 Courtyard of the Bull’s Head Tavern..................... 207 heunchued, Plane-at Belmont... 02.5 ...065 6 5 ennce wo sesie aes 208 Thirteenth and Market Streets in 1876...................- 208 PANU Ale UMNO maracas oral 2 ak eet susig vista ale suorsleue SHeraiorace) este 209 Lapidea—Scene of First Railroad in Pennsylvania......... 211 PaWweosenalroad Monument... . c.c:c cists cscs a eels wees 212 Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Station.................-..-. 212 Statue and Sarcophagus of Stephen Girard............... 213 New Girard Group of Municipal Piers................... 215 Girard College—Founded 1831..................-0.005- 216 Facade of Girard Statue, City Hall Plaza................ 217 Re wrisand FM ATIMNOUSE «c)c's. cscs eclele e+ os idsisavels soreletewelsienie 218 BUSTY OM GaITAL LSC HOO ciritey close ate. scaratioue le paico.6 «1c wiacsisele; ecslleuo XA wneyats 218 Pinon Heat. COGALCTOLL. jar since ccc srateate so costeln in ete eld oetiare 219 Castle Rocks, West Chester Pike............. 0.0.0.0 eue 221 Old Public School, Unionville... .. 2.0.0... cece tee 223 Mamestreet, Unionville 8 cto nae scene eee es ence wines 223 Bayard Laylor’s Knapsack 2.5 0. cee stein dee cere ee es 224 Oldetnnn Unionville ol 734 oo 1x eel ceiecs tava sae os esis oho este loiels 224 Bayard Taylor’s Study at Cedarcroft..................... 225 Pormreriy the Red Vion Inn 3 sf s pers 1743 ooo ss tetelei seen ceieiieras 290 Mill Grove—Early Home of Audubon.................... 290 Washington Inn (1747) and Chester Court House (1724)... 292 The Spot in Chester where Penn First Landed............ 292 Robinson House, Naamans-on-Delaware (1654) .......... 294 Old Swedes’ Church, Wilmington, 1698.................. 294 Caleb Pusey House, Upland, 1683....................... 294 A Bit lof; Old’ Frankford eens hoc oe teiere thera oe arene aie 295 Chalkley Hall—near Wheat Sheaf Lane.................. 295 Stephen Decatur’s Home, Frankford..................... 295 Lafayette’s Headquarters at Chadd’s Ford............... 296 Brandywine Monument to Lafayette..................... 296 Onithe Brandywine jr. eee cst at dah oe even nee 297 The Highlands—Built near Skippack Road in 1796........ 299 Garden Gate of the Devereux House.................... 299 Devereux House, near Camp Hill........................ 299 Hope Lodge, Bethlehem Pike, 1721...................... 301 Graeme Park—Mansion of Sir William Keith............. 302 Historical Museum, Doylestown ........................ 303 The Ivy, 4682—Old! York Road iy cca: siesiels acre ereros ceeicleieusts 303 Stenton—An Early Colonial Country Seat.................. 304 Willow Grove fromthe Air... nose umicceec eclosion e 304 Buckingham Meeting House—Old York Road............ 305 Church of the New Jerusalem, Bryn Athyn............... 306 Andalusia—Home of the Biddle Family.................. 307 Red Lion Inn, 1730—On the Bristol Pike .................. £08 Monument to Thomas Holme®z..220 1s ee eae elie eles 309 Log School House, Holmesbtrgecene + oe an seen aerators 309 Walt Whitman’s Home, Camden, N, J,..................... 310 Walt Whitman’s Tomb, Harleigh Cemetery ............... 310 “Castle” of the State in Schuylkill, Eddington............ 311 Ground Plan of the Sesqui-Centennial International Expo- SHLOT een e sacs oS ae ceo eORR a Pollolelc teva: wnsl ah oseffelle lyehemarancucionats 312 Map of Highway Routes—To and From Philadelphia....... 319 Map of Philadelphia—Central Section............. 320 RIDGWAY BRANCH OF THE PHILADELPHIA LIBRARY COMPANY BROAD AND CHRISTIAN STREETS 315 Abington Presbyterian Church, 303, 304 pond ccd and College of Philadelphia, 158, 172 Academy of Fine Arts, account of, 196, 277; ‘‘Lansdowne’’ Washington, 98, 100; paintings by West, 152; portrait of West, 151; portraits of actors, 232 Academy of Music, 232, 273 Academy of Natural Sciences, 271 Adams, John, 87, 116, 118, 119, 128 Agnew, Dr. D. Hayes, 174 Alcott, Bronson, 160; Louisa M., 160, 240 “American Homes, Some Early,’’ Route 19, 183 American Philosophical Society, 86, 138, 182, 274 American play, first, 232, 240, 264 Andalusia, 308 André, Major, 232, 284 Angel House, 130, 136, 290 Aquarium, 270 Arch Street Meeting House, 52, 56, 276 Arnold, Benedict, 118, 270 Arsenal, Frankford, 261, 308 Art Museum, Philadelphia, 202, 270, 291 Atheneum portrait of Washington, painted in Germantown, 100, 279 Audubon, John James, 290 Augustus Lutheran Church, Trappe, 290 “Autobiography,” Franklin’s, 92, 236 Automobile Club of Philadelphia, 311 Auto Tourists) Bulletin of Information for, al Avondale, 210, 212, 228, 296 Babylonian Collection, 166, 282 Baldwin Locomotive Works, 204, 206, 212, 278, 293 Baltimore Pike, 296 Baptist Church, First, 52 Baptist Temple, 278 Barry, Commodore, 58 Bartram’s Home and Garden, 30, 72, 104, 281, 292 Belmont Mansion, 40, 70, 102, 122, 190, 270 Bethlehem Pike, 00 Betsy Ross, grave of, 104, 281 Betsy Ross House, 92, 98, 132, 276 ‘Betsy Ross,’”’ modern, 257, 258 Billmeyer House, 48, 100, 102, 280, 300 Bittig’s bas-relief, Broad St. Station, 204 Blockhouse, Swedish, 292 Blue Anchor Inn, 36, 78, 265 Blue Bell Tavern, 104, 281 Bourse, Philadelphia, 276 Brandywine Battlefield, 296 Brandywine, battle of, 104, 122, 224 Breck, Samuel, 136, 190, 208, 210 Brick house, first, 40 Bristol, 308; Bristol Pike, 308 Broad Street Station, 204, 271, 277, 282 Brown, Charles Brockden, 236 Be Church of the New Jerusalem, Bryn Mawr College, 114, 286 Bucks County Historical Society, Museum of, 80, 302 Bulletin of Information for Auto-Tourists, 312 Bullet-riddled fence, 120, 122 Bull’s Head Tavern, 206 Byberry farms, and hospital, 307 Camac Street, 263 Camden, 310 Camp Hill, 300 Camp Schoolhouse, Valley Forge, 114 Cannon Ball Farm, 26 Carlton, 122, 188 Carpenters’ Hall, 88, 96, 126, 275 Castle Rocks, 222, 296, 298 Cathedral of SS. Peter and Paul, 271 Caves in river banks, 42 Cedarcroft, 226, 298 Centenary Firms, complete list of, 255 Centenary Firms and Corporations of the United States, Association of, 254 Central High School, 140, 158, 160, 240, 278 Chadd’s Ford, 228, 291, 297 Chalfont, 80, 302 Chalkley Hall, 308 Chamber of Commerce, Philadelphia, 15 Chew House, 102, 120, 300 Childs Collection of Manuscripts, 242, 282 Christ Church, 52, 60, 96, 136, 276 Christ Church graveyard, 62 “Christ Healing the Sick,’’ 156, 198 General Index Christina, Queen, 24, 32, 265 Church of the Brethren, 48, 52, 64, 252, 300 ‘‘Churches, The Ancient,’’ Route 4, 52 City Hall, account of, 263, 282; Baldwin statue, 204; bronze tablet, south side, 22; Girard statue, 214; Law Library, 178; Law Courts, 178; Penn statue, by Calder, 34; tower, 263, 268; Washington statue, 94 Clinton Street, 188, 264 Clock House, 308 Cobb’s Creek dam, 281, 293 Cobb’s Creek Parkway, 280, 281 College of Physicians, 168 “Colonial Homes, Some Early,’’ Route 5, 65 Commercial Museum, 282 Concord School, Germantown, 280, 300 Congress Hall, account of, 274; balance wheel from first steamboat, 148; Wash- ington in, 94, 96; Robert Morris, 130 Continental Congress, 88, 96, 126, 128 Corinthian Yacht Club, 26 Corn Exchange National Bank, 266, 275, 282 Court House, Chester, 292 Cramp’s Shipyard, 148, 150, 308 Crum Creek Canal, 212 Cullin, Dr. Nicholas, tablet to, 24 Cunard, Sir Samuel, 44, 279 Custom House, account of, 261, mileage to, 261 Davis, Richard Harding, 166, 236 Dawesfield, 300 “Death on the Pale Horse,’’ 152, 198 Decatur, Stephen, 60, 276; home, 308 Declaration of Independence, 86, 177, 182, 276 Delaware River Bridge, 267, 308 Detours: to Angel House, Harmonville, 290; to Audubon’s early home, 290; to Avon- dale, 296; to Bartram’s Garden, 292; to birthplace of Anthony Wayne, 288; to birthplace of John Morton, 292; to birthplace of Benjamin West, 296; to Brandywine Battlefield, 296; to Bryn Athyn, 306; to Bryn Mawr College, 286; to Bucks County Historical Society Museum, 302; to Caleb Pusey House, Upland, 292; to Camp Hill, and Devereux House, 300; to Cedarcroft, 296; to Chalkley Hall, 308; to Cramp’s Shipyard, 308; to Dawesfield, 300; to Stephen Decatur’s home, 308; to Disston’s Saw Works, 306; to Doyles- town, 304; to Evansburg Church, 290; to Fatlands, 290; to Foulke House, Penllyn, 300; to Frankford Arsenal, 308; to Old Frankford, 308; to Main Street, Germantown, 300; to Graeme Park, 302; to Harriton, 286; to The Highlands, 300; to “Indian Walk,’’ 304; to Longwood Gardens, 296; to Lower Dublin Aca- demy, 308; to Mill Grove, 290; to Old Swede’s Church, Wilmington, 292; to Site of Paoli Massacre, 285, 288, 289; to Penn Treaty Park, 308; to Red Lion Inn, 298; to Skippack, 300; to State in Schuylkill, 308; to Stenton, 302, 305, 307; to Trinity Church, Oxford, 306; to St. David’s Church, Radnor, 284; to St. Tammany’s burial ground, 302; to Walt Whitman’s home, Camden, 310; to Walt Whitman’s tomb, 310; to pay mesborougi: 288; to Wrightstown, 30: Devereux House, 300 Dickens and Little Nell, statue, 240 Dickens, Charles, 242, 282 Dock, Christopher, 44, 164, 252 Dock Street Market, 265 Doylestown Pike, 302 Drew family, 229, 230 Drexel, Anthony J., 118 Drexel Building, 274 Drexel Institute, 140, 242, 282 Drinker, Edward, 36, 266, 276: Dropsie College, 278 Dunkards, 48, 64, 252 Eddystone, 212 Elwyn School for the Feeble-minded, 297 Entrenchments at Valley Forge, 112 Episcopal Academy, 164, 280; original site of, 166 Essington, 24, 26 ‘Evangeline,’ burial place of, 264 316 274; Evans Dental Institute, 118, 166 Evans House, 188 Fairmount Park, 40, 268 Fatlands, 290 First City Troop, 184, 192 “First in war, first in peace, etc.,’’ 56, 276 First white child born on Philadelphia soil, 36, 266, 276 “Fitch and Fulton and the First Steam- boats,’’ Route 14, 145 Fitch manuscripts, 148 Fitch Tablet at Hartsville, 150, 305 Floating Bridge, Market Street, 145, 146 Flower Observatory, 298 Forrest, Edwin, 230, 232, 278; grave of, 60, 230, 276; home of, 234; Home for Retired Actors, 230, 234, 308; Stuart’s portrait of, 234 Fort Huntingdon, Valley Forze! 110 Fort Washington, Valley Forge, 108, 112, 114, 289 Foulke House, 300 Frankford Arsenal, 261, 308 Frankford, Old, 308 Franklin, Benjamin, 78, 152, 158, 178, 248, 267; ‘“Autobiography, ea 92, 236, 2753 epitaph, 240; grave, 92, 236; home, 92: printing press, 250; Boyle’s statue of, 88, 260, 273 Franklin Court, 92, 236, 238, 275 Franklin Field, 82, 282 88; of Franklin Institute, “Franklin, In the Footsteps of,” ‘Route 7, Franklin, 88 82 “Franklin in 1723,’’ McKenzie Statue, 82 Fulton, Robert, 146, 148 Fulton’s House, site of, 148; sketch of, 146 Furness, Dr. Horace Howard, 228, 230, 236 “George Washington in Philadelphia,” Route 8, 93 “George Washington Sight-Seeing Tour,” 273 German Reformed Church, 46, 64 Germantown Academy, 158, 160, 164, 279 Germantown, Battle of, 48, 66, 100, 102, 122, 160 “Germantown, Founding and Founders of,’”’ Route 3, 41 Germantown Friends’ Meeting House, 44, 52, 64, 279 Germantown Site and Relic Society, 44, 78, 192, 279 Girard College, 40, 214, 218, 268 Girard Estate, 218, 267 Girard National Bank, 132, 214, 266 Girard Park, 218; Girard School, 218 Girard, Stephen, 60, 264, 266, 276; farm- house of, 214; home of, 214; original estate of, 214; relics of, 218; sarcophagus of, 218; statue of, 214, 218 “Girard, Stephen—Patriot and Philan- thropist,” Route 22, 213 ° “Gloria Dei’? Church, "24, 62 Godfrey, Thomas, 66, 240 Godfrey, Thomas, Jr., 232, 240, 264 “Goldbug,’”’ 240 Graeme Park, 302 “Grand Depot, The,’’ 206 Grant’s Cabin, General, 270; Gratz, Rebecca, 236 Green Tree Tavern, Germantown, 46, 68, 164, 279, 300 Gulph Mills, boulder, 114, 289 “Hail Columbia,” first sung, 182, 230, 274 Hamilton, Alexander, 136; Andrew, 118; James, portrait by West, 156, 200; William, 118, 156, 200, 281 Hancock, General Winfield Scott, 290 Harmonville, 136, 290 Harriton Farms, 128, 286 Hatboro, 150, 305; Library, 305; Loller Academy, 305; Monument, 305 Haverford College, 285, 286 Highlands, The, 300 Highway Routes, to and from Philadelphia, 283 Historical Society of Pennsylvania, Ac- count of, 263, 273; paintings by Ameri- can Artists, 200; Lincoln’s Law Library, 182; Patent of John Key, 36; Penn family portraits, 34; portrait of ‘‘Penn in Armor,’ 34; Penn relics, 34; Penn’s wampum belt, 34, 74; Slate Roof House, memorials statue, 270 lock and key, 36; model of, 34: Swedish portraits, 22; Washington, bust of, 94; Washington, Martha, portrait of, 94, 200; Washington, portraits and relics of, 94; portraits by West, 156, 200, 254; souvenirs of West, 156 Historie Facts About Philadelphia, 19 Historic Routes, Table of, 9 Hog Island, 26 Holme, Thomas, grave of, 308; home of, 38, 275 “Honeymoon Hotel,’’ 236, 276 Hope Lodge, 300, 301 Hopkinson, Joseph, 182, 238, 274 Horticultural Hall, 269 Hotel, Bellevue-Stratford, 273; Benjamin Franklin, 88, 236, 274; Continental, 236; Green’s, 274; Ritz-Carlton, 273; Sten- ton, 273; Walton, 273 Hurrie, William, the bell ringer, 58 Tlustrations, List of, 314 Inclined Plane at Belmont, 208 Independence Hall, account of, 274; clock, 138; Declaration of Independence signed, 86; designed by Hamilton, 118; historic portraits, 200; Independence chamber, 86; portrait of Benjamin Rush, 168; portrait of Charles Brockden Brown, 236; portrait of Charles Thom- son, 124; portrait of Robert Morris, 130; West portrait, 156 “Indians, Relics and Reminders of the,” Route 6, 73 Indian Reservation, 38, 74, 276 Indian Rock, 80 “Indian Walk,” 80, 304 Inman, Henry, 198, 242 Insurance Company of North America, 266, 271, 276, 282 Insurance, first book on, 244 International Mercantile Marine Com- pany, 265 Inventor of the quadrant, 232, 240 Irwin, tablet to Nathaniel, 304 Ivy, The, 304 Japanese Garden, 269 dererson, Joseph, 230; birthplace of, 230, 64 Jefferson Medical College, 174 Jefferson, Thomas, 86, 87, 182, 276 Johnson Houses, 102, 122, 280, 300 Johnson, John G., collection of paintings, 182, 202 Kane, tomb of Elisha Kent, 270 Keith, Sir William, 302 Kelpius, Johannes, 200 Hembe, Fanny, Sully’s portraits of, 198, Keneseth Israel, 278 Kennett Square Meeting House, 228, 297 Kennett Square, 220, 226, 298 Keyser House, 46, 48 Keystone Automobile Club, 311 King of Prussia Inn, 114, 289 King of Prussia Tavern, Germantown, 122 King’s Highway, 104, 292 Knox’s Headquarters, Valley Forge, 112 Krider Gun-Shop, 36, 148, 266, 276 Kunder, Thones, 42; house, 44, 278 Lafayette Headquarters, Chadd’s Ford, 297 Lafayette Headquarters, Valley Forge, 110 Lafayette Monument, 296 Lafayette, Sully’s portrait of, 200 “Lansdowne” Washington, 196 Lapidea, 210 Laurel Hill Cemetery, 128, 291 Laurel Hill Mansion, 120 “Law and Lawyers, Historic Mementos of,”’ Route 18, 177 Law Library, oldest, 178 Law School, oldest, 166, 178 League Island, Philadelphia Navy Yard, 258 Leech, Toby, 64 Leidy, Dr. Joseph, Statue of, 168 _ “TLeiper, Thomas, and the Beginnings of Railroads,’’ Route 21, 203 Leiper, Thomas, First railroad of, 210 Lemon Hill, 136, 270 Lenni Lenape Indians, 80, 304 “Letitia House,” 40, 267. Letitia Street, 38, 236, 267, 269, 275 Lewis-Fisher-Wharton House, 184, 264 General Index ewe and Clark Expedition, Outfitting, Liberty Bell, 5, 274; Yoke of, 252 Library, New Philadelphia Free, 271 Lincoln Highway, 306 Lincoln’s Law Library, 182 Llanerch Country Club, 298 Logan, James, 38, 66, 68, 72, 192 “Log College,’ 150, 304 Longwood Cemetery, 228, 291 “Longwood”’ Gardens, 296 Loudoun, 42, 192, 278 Lower Dublin Academy, 308 Lower Germantown Burial Ground, 44, 122, 278 Ludwick, Christopher, 62 Manufacturers’ Club, 273 Map of Highway Routes, 319 Map of Philadelphia, 320 Market, Old Second Street, 186 Market Square, 46, 78, 279 ater Square Presbyterian Church, 46, 52, 64 Masonic Home, 278 Masonic Lodge, First, 300 Masonic Temple, 94, 277 Masonic Temple, Washington Relics, 94 Mayors of Philadelphia, Portraits of, 34 “Medical Practitioners, The Early,” Route 17, 167 Medical School, Oldest, 166, 168, 172, 174, 282 Medical Society, Philadelphia County, 168 Meeting Houses, Abington, 303; Arch Street, 52, 56, 276; Birmingham, 296; Buckingham, 305; Concord, 297; Frank- ford, 308; Germantown, 44, 52, 64, 279; Horsham, 303; Kennet Square, 228, 297; Longwood, 228; Mennonite, German- town, 46, 52, 64, 144, 164, 280, 300; Merion, 52, 62, 289; Newtown, 222, 298; Springfield, 156; Wrightstown, 80 Memorial Hall, 202, 269 Mercantile Club, 278 Merion Cricket Club, 289 Mikve Israel, 57, 63, 278 Mill Grove, 290 Mitchell, Dr. 8. Weir, 118, 168, 236, 240, 281 Mint, United States, 260; mileage to, 259 Modjeska, Portrait of, 234 Moore’s Cottage, Tom, 192, 240 Morgan, Dr. John, 166, 172, 174 Morris, Anthony, 246, 248 “Morris, Robert, and the First Banks,” Route 12, 129 Morris, Robert, 62, 116, 190, 250, 273 Morris, Robert, burial vault, 136, 276; caricature of, 130; last home of, 130; letter to John Hancock, 132; portraits of, 130 Morris House, 184, 192 Morris Mansion, Germantown, 86, 122, 192, 279 Morris Mansion, Sixth and Market Sts., 98, 136 Morton, John, 28; birthplace of, 28, 292; monument, 292 Mott, Lucretia, 303 Mt. Pleasant, 118, 270 Muhlenberg, Rev. Henry Melchoir, 48, 62, 290, 300 Muhlenberg, John Peter Gabriel, General, 48, 62, 290 Municipal Piers, 12, 14, 148, 214, 265; stadium, 19 “Murders in the Rue Morgue, The,’ 240, 242, 282 Musical Fund Hall, 230 Naaman’s-on-Delaware, 292 National Farm School, 302 “National Government in Philadelphia, The,’ Route 27, 257 National Memorial, Valley Forge, 114, 289 “Naturalization papers,” oldest, 24, 265 Naval Academy, United States, 259 Naval Asylum, 259; Naval Hospital, 260 Neagle, John, 196 Neglee House, 42 Neshaminy Presbyterian Church, 150, 304 “Ninth and Green,’”’ Reading Station, 206 Norristown, 290 Norriton, 144 Norriton Presbyterian Church, 144 “North American,’’ 82, 250 SL? 102, North America, Bank of, 130, 250, 275 Obelisk, Marble, Market St. Bridge, 286 Octagonal School House, Birmingham, 296; Newtown Square, 298 Old City Hall, account of, 274; American Indian Chief, portrait of, by Charles Willson Peale, 74; First United States Supreme Court, 182; Indian Curios, 74; “Penn’s Treaty with the Indians,” by West, 14, 152, 200; Red Jacket, portrait of, 74; souvenirs of Stuart and Sully, 202; Treaty Elm, section of, 74 “Old Glory,’ i making of, 257, 258 “Old Ironsides,’’ 204 “Old Schools and Schoolmasters,’’ Route ios, they Re ec Church, Philadelphia, 24, 52, Old Swedes’ Church, Wilmington, 292, 293 Old Swedish houses, ‘94, 265 Old York Road, 100, 304 Oldest Social Club in America, 308, 311 Oldest House in Germantown, 46, 280 Oldest Industries, sixteen, 244 Oldest School Building in Germantown, 48 “Our Mutual Friend,” 242, 282 Overbrook High School, New, 286 “Overhanging Rock,” 114, 289 Paoli Massacre, 284 Paper Mill, first, in America, 48, 280 Pastorius’ Cave, 42, 264 Pastorius, Daniel, 46, 68, 192 Pastorius, Francis Daniel, 44, 64, 192, 279 Pastorius Homestead, 46, 279 Pastorius, Monument, to Francis Daniel, 46, 279 Pastorius Motto, 42, 46, 192 Paxton Boys, 74, 78 Peale, Charles Willson, 124, 142, 148, 196, 198, 200 Peale, Rembrandt, 146, 178, 200 Penllyn, 300 Penn Boulder, Chester, 292 Penn, Granville John, 74, 190 Penn House, William, 40, 267, 269 Penn, John, 36, 74, 190, 268, 276 Penn, John, home of, 40, 190 Penn National Bank, 182, 276 “Penn’s Treaty with the Indians,’’ Penn Treaty Park, 38, 80, 267, 308 Penn, William, 22 ey William, Memorials of,’’ Route 2, Ppauetiean Gazette,” 82, 86, 88, 248 Pennsylvania Hospital, 174, 263; auto- graph letter of Franklin, 84; autograph letter of West, 156; ‘‘Christ Healing the Sick,’”’ 152, 174; corner stone, 84, 174; Penn Statue, 36, 174, 264 Feansyly ans Memorial, Valley Forge, 114, 9 Pennsylvania Museum of School of In- dustrial Art, 269 Pennsylvania Railroad, 16, 18, 204, 271 Pennsylvania’s First Industry, 30 Perot, Elliston, 246 Perot, T. Morris, Jr., 246 Peters, Richard, 40, 70, 122, 158, 190, 270 Philadelphia Academy and College, 98 Philadelphia and Reading Ry., 206, 277 erie oa Art Museum, 12, 202, 270, Philadelphia Club, 273 Philadelphia Contributionship, 84, 186, 246 Philadelphia Depot of the Quartermaster’s Department, Account of, 258; mileage to, 257 Philadelphia Library Co. account of, 263, 273; first gift of books to, 244; first Secretary of, 244; first Treasurer of, 70; Loganian Library, 66; Minutes of Indian Conferences, 74, 124; old cor- nerstone, 84; Duplessis portrait of Frank- lin, 84; sketch of Robert Fulton's House, 146; statue of Franklin, 82; Stone Tablet, 82; Washington relics, 94: Bevan’s Likeness of William Penn, 34; William Penn’s Clock, 34; William Penn’s Secretary, 34 Philadelphia Navy Yard, 256, 257 Cee iter ele Oldest Industries,” Route 26, 243 Philadelphia, The Sesqui-Centennial City, 11; arena of the nation’s past, 11; of to-day, 11-17; of toemorrow, 17-18 74, 152 Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Railroad, monument of, 212 Physick, Dr. Philip Syng, 172, 174, 188 Pine St. Presbyterian Church, 52, 58 Poe, Edgar Allan, home of, 240 Poe, Edgar Allan, manuscript, 242, 282 “Polly,’’ tea-ship, 160 “Poor Richard’s Almanac,” 92, 236 Porter Mansion, Norristown, 290 Port Royal, 308 Portuguese Hebrew Burial Ground, 236, 263 Post Office, account of, 260, 273; mileage to, 260 Powel, Samuel, home of, 98, 116, 178, 276 Pratt, Matthew, 151, 152, 196, 202 Presbyterian Church, First, 52, 54, 236, 274 Princeton College, 54, 62 Printz, Mansion of Governor, 28 Printz, Water-mill of, 30, 281 “Protest against Slavery,” First, 46, 278 Protestant Episcopal Church, founding of, 62, 122 “Public Ledger,”’ 88, 250, 274 Public School Building, oldest in Phila- delphia, 281 Pusey House, Caleb, 292 Quadrant, Inventor of, 66, 240 “Quaker Academy,” 124, 126 Queen Christina, 24, 32, 265 Queen Street, 24, 265 - Railroad track, first trial, 206 Rawle, Francis, 120, 244 “Raven, The,’’ 240 Reading Terminal, 205, 206, 277 “Rebecca,” in “Ivanhoe,” original of, 216 Religious Liberty, Monument to, 269 “Revolutionary Mansions, Notable,’”’ Route 10, 115 Ridge Road, 102, 290 Ridgway Library, 148, 150, 168, 315 Rittenhouse, David, 46, 48, 64, 260, 280; birthplace of, 144, 192, 280; clock, 140; grave, 142; monument to, 144, 290; observation of transit of Venus, 144; observatory of, 138; orrery of, 140; portrait of, 142 ; “Rittenhouse, David, First Practical Scientist,” Route 13, 137 ; Rittenhouse, William, 46, 48, 64, 280 “Road-Side,”’ 303 Robinson House, 292 Roosevelt Boulevard, 278, 306 ; Roxborough Country Club, 291; High School, 291; Public School, old, 291 Rudman, Rev. Andrew, tomb of, 24 Rush, Dr. Benjamin, 168, 174; Dr. James, 168; William, 196, 230 “Sandy Flash,” 220, 221, 222 “Saturday Evening Post,” 224, 248, 250, 274 School for the Blind, Overbrook, 280 School of Design for Women, 234, 278 School of Industrial Art, 219 School System of Pennsylvania, 190 “Schul-Ordnung,’’ Christopher Dock’s, 44, 164, 252 Schuylkill Arsenal, 259; mileage to, 258 Schuylkill River at Market Street, 286 Scott, Sir Walter, 236, 242 Scull, Burial plot of Nicholas, 300 Seamen’s Church Institute, 266 Second Street Market, old, 276 Sesqui-Centennial International tion, 313; ground plan, 312; view of site, 256; stadium, 19 Shackamaxon, 38, 56, 78 Shakespeare, First folio of, 234 Sharpless, James, Pastel portraits by, 200, 235 Shippen, Peggy, 118, 270 Shippen, Dr. William, 172, 174 Signers of the Declaration, 200 Skippack, 300 Slate Roof House, 36, 66, 276; model of, 34 Smith, Rev. William, 64, 128, 142, 158, 164, 200, 236, 276 Smyth, Albert Henry, 240 Solitude, 40, 183, 190, 268 Southern Boundary of Original City, 22, 264 Southwark, 22 Southwark Theatre, 232, 264 Sower Bible, 44, 64, 250, 252 86, 88, 220, Exposi- airplane General Index Sower, Christopher, 44, 64, 250 Spring Garden Institute, 278 Spring House School, 308 St. David’s Church, Radnor, 284, 286 St. George’s Methodist Episcopal Church, 52, 56 St. James’ Church, Evansburg, 290 St. James’ Church, Kingsessing, 30, 52, 62, 104, 281, 293 St. Joseph’s Roman Catholic Church, 52, 56, 276 St. Mary’s Roman Catholic Church, 52, 58 St. Michael’s Lutheran Church, Gtn., 48, 52, 300 St. Michael—Zion Church, 54 St. Paul’s Church, 52, 60, 276 St. Paul’s Church, Chester, 293 St. Peter’s Church, 52, 58, 96, 186, 264, 276 St. Thomas’ Church, 300 Stamper-Blackwell-Bingham House, 186, 276 State in Schuylkill Fishing Club, 308, 311 State House, 86 Steamboat, First, 146, 286 Steamboat service, first, 145, 150 Stenton, 66, 78, 100, 278, 302, 306 Steuben, Gen. von, statue, Valley Forge, 114 Stillé, Charles J., 32 “Story of Kennett,’’ 220, 222, 224, 226, 228 Stock Exchange, Old, 266 Stockton, Frank R., 118, 240, 242, 278, 281 Strawberry Mansion, 270 Stuart, Gilbert, 100, 196, 200, 202, 234, 278 Stuart, Gilbert, portrait, by Neagle, 200 Stuart Corner in Academy of Fine Arts, 196 Sully, Thomas, 198, 200, 202, 234 Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, 178, 200 Swan Johnson, Tombstone of, 24 Swansons, Log Home of, 24 Swarthmore College, 156 “Swedes, Landmarks of the Early,’’ Route ital Swedish Farmhouse, 30, 281 Sweet Briar Mansion, 136, 190, 208, 210, 269 : Tamenend, Indian Chief, 78, 80, 302 Tammany’s Burial Ground, 302 Taverns, hotels and inns: Audubon, 290; Blue Bell, 293; Black Horse, Flourtown, 301; Black Horse, Middletown road, 297; Black Horse, Norristown, 291; Bull's Head, 206; Catalpa, 305; Drove, 298; Fort Side, 301; Fort Washington, 301; Fountain, 80, 291, 303; General Greene, 305; General Warren, 284, 285, 289; General Wayne, 113, 114, 289: General Wayne, MHolmesburg, 309; Green Tree, Germantown, 46, 68, 164, 279, 300; Green Tree, West Chester, 222, 298; King of Prussia, 289; Old Buck, 286; Pine Apple, 297; Providence, 297; Red Lion, Ardmore, 285; Red Lion, Bristol Pike, 308, 309; Red Lion, near Kennett, 226, 298; Spread Eagle, 285, 286; Three Tuns, 291; Tinicum, 26; Turk’s Head, 298; ‘‘Unicorn,’’ 298; Warrington, 303; Washington, Chester, 292, Washington, Holmesburg, 309; White Horse, 293; Wheel Pump, 301 Taylor, Bayard, birthplace of, 226, 298; grave of, 228; knapsack, 222; manu- scripts, 222; relics of, 222, 298 “Taylor, Bayard, Tracks and Traces of,” Route 23, 219 Tedyuscung, 80 Temple University, 278 Tennent, Rev. William, 150, 304 “Tent”? Monument, Marble, 291 “Theatres and Actors of Olden Days,” Route 24, 229 Theatres: Adelphi, 277; Broad Street, 273; Arch Street, 230; Chestnut Street, First, 230, 274; . Forrest, 232, 273; Keith’s, 273; Lyric, 277; Schubert, 273; Walnut Street, 230 “Thomson, Charles, First Secretary of Congress,’’ Route 11, 124 Thomson, Charles, Indian name of, 126; portrait of, 124; teacher, 124, 158; tomb of, 128, 270 Trappe Lutheran Church, 290 Treaty Elm, 56; Scion of, 36 Trinity Church, Oxford, 52, 64, 306 Trumbull, John, 202 318 German Lutheran Type, First cast in America, 44, 252 Unicorn Inn, 222, 298; original of, 224 Union League, 236, 273 Unionville, 222, 224, 298 eed States Bank, First, 132, 214, 266, United States Mint, 259, 260; First, 138 University of Pennsylvania, 98, 140, 158 276; buildings of, 166; College Hal], 140; Dormitories, 32; first Graduating Class, 158; Hospital, 166, 282; Houston Hall, 140, 282; Later Site of, 158; Law School, description of, 178, 282; Library o aD ee eae 82; Medical chool, , ; useum, : co ltisinal Site of, 158 peedgrecs= pper Buryin round, 280, 300 g Germantown, 48, Upsala, 192, 280, 300 Ursinus College, 291 ivailey Forge, A Pilgrimage to,’”’ Route 9. Van Rensselaer Mansion, 300 Vernon Monee 192, 279; Vernon Park, Wakefield, 192 Wanamaker Store, 263, 277 Washington, George, 93, 273; Coach- maker to, 102; Funeral oration on, 56, 276; Headquarters, Chadd’s Ford, 297 Headquarters, Valley Forge, 110 Washington Inn, Valley Forge, 110 Washington Memorial Chapel, Valley Forge, 108, 112 Washington Monument, Fairmount Park, 104, 270, 291 Washington Pew in Christ Church, 60, 276 Washington Spring, Valley Forge, 110 Washington Tavern, Germantown, 102, 280, 300 ; Washington, Martha, Portrait of, 94, 200 Waterman Monument, 110, 112 Weta, the annalist, 98, 128, 148, 150, Wayne, Anthony, grave of, 284 Waynesborough, 288 Wayne Statue, Valley Forge, 108, 114, 289 West, Benjamin, autograph letter of, 156; birthplace of, 156, 296; paintings by, 198; portrait of, 152, 196; portrait of Mrs. sien ee 196 a est, Benjamin—The Quaker Artist,” Route 15, 151 2 West Chester, 220, 222, 298; Public Library, 222, 298 West Chester Pike, 298 Wharton School, 166, 281 Whitby Hall, 70 White, Bishop William, 60, 136, 152, 164, 200, 276 Whitefield, George, 82, 92, 158 “White House, First,’’ 276 Whitman, Walt, Home of, 310; tomb, 310 “Wieland,” 235 William Penn Charter School, 124, 158, 160 “William Penn Sight-seeing Tour,” 263 Willing’s Alley, 55, 56, 276 Willow Grove Park, 302 Wilmington’s New Civie Center, 292 Wilson, Alexander, 62, 265 Wilson, James, 178 Wilstach Collection of Paintings, 202, 269 Wissahickon Drive, 280 Wistar, Dr. Caspar, 172 Wistar House, 184 Wistar Institute of Anatomy, 166, 174, 281 “Wistar Parties,” 172 Wister House, Germantown, 66, 122, 279 Wister, John, 68, 192, 279; Owen, 44, 240; Sally, 122, 240, 279, 300 Witt, Dr. Christopher, 200 Woodford, 70 Woodland Avenue, 104, 281, 292 Woodlands Cemetery, 116, 281, 293 Woodlands, The, 116, 281 Wordsworth, William, portrait of 242 Wrightstown, 80, 304 Wyck, 46, 280, 300 Wynne, Dr. Thomas, 40, 62 “Wynnstay,”’ 40, 280 Zion Lutheran Church, 54, 56, 98, 276 Zoological Garden, 40, 183, 190, 268 Birthplace of, 288; NEW YORK Aruna 03 RANE —— syNO1l3ad SL33yu1LS SQVOY Y3HLO “iIr-r) 4S31N0"¥ S3IHD VIHd 1S0V 1Hd WOus ONY OL SA3LNOY AVMHSOIH NOLONITYNG ATMAWISWYI Huot MON GuonNILiIva OOH SNINVW InosSaad3 INTE] | , Nor TTilAGUOONDD ee SLHOI3H NoGavH » I1S3INGTIIY : Y, 4A ONY, : Yy GOOMSINITIOD / f NAQWv9 ATTIALNYHIYAW - bitsy We JyvAdS NMOLMIN ATTAYSINGSD Wax IOHOHSNOI vissnud Se ei) t ay Le 39404 gt ASTIWA AQISN319 p 3 o ITMARINV 3 1 a AddVul % 43) ~g e ANO41VHI 4 NMOLSITA00 WVHONINONG NOLSVG NMOLNGTTV FWOMOTIIM ATTANOINA GuOWILIva DPUNaAsIuUuvaH GNV UALSVONVT DPNIGVaH 319 /4 “> 4. 7 /3 y Zh | Aa se \ ry Folk: — NUR a) fee = — "i 5 4 oe Ae aN "ASAMAY aS YS ¥ a S Ld i vs CK LONG ss xs REY ¢ SR Bas at ee ESS Se TE ey me OBE RSS EN asa Mile 2 NSE xk | je SNe SS ' S98 SS v Ge ok RAS, 98.9 ai: HE Ao Kt [i ys Hh NAN CO 4 Sat m ND soe > goes Y Pes see i Lite Ne SF aietaped O4[T/ | te) 1 | ais 5 >1) Seats SS ral ZS silo Fe +i Gro eS — \ — Re =e ae oii Simatlee® Pada SN ee 2 natn I bsmyy] Le WN —— rapa OSA WPS SAK | WA a VO Es Po) ae petal SI am. 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