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HISTORIC PHILADELPH LA
FRANCIS BURKE BRANDT
HENRY VOLRMAR ae
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From George Harding’s mural painting in the Central City Office of the
Corn Exchange National Bank, Philadelphia
y WO. AUTO-GUIDE
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BYWAYS AND BOULEVARDS
-IN AND ABOUT
BESO h Geert ADELPHTA
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NOILVN HHL JO AOVIdHLINIG AHLI—VIHdTAACVTIHd “TIVH AONACNAdAGNI
Byways and Boulevards
IN AND ABOUT
Historic Philadelphia
BY
FRANCIS BURKE BRANDT
AND
HENRY VOLKMAR GUMMERE
WITH FIVE ORIGINAL DRAWINGS BY FRANK H. TAYLOR AND MORE THAN
THREE HUNDRED ILLUSTRATIONS FROM PRINTS AND PHOTOGRAPHS BY LYDIA
FLAGG GUMMERE, PHILIP B. WALLACE, W. V. CHAPPELL AND OTHERS
I pray you, let us satisfy our eyes
With the memorials and the things of fame
That do renown this city.
— TWELFTH NIGHT
CORN EXCHANGE NATIONAL BANK
MAIN OFFICE CENTRAL CITY OFFICE
CHESTNUT ar SECOND STREET Nos. 1510-1512 CHESTNUT STREET
ih R by ee awe bel de hale
CONAGERNG les
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Foreword .
Table of Historic Routes
Philadelphia —The Sesqui-Centennial co
Historic Facts About Philadelphia
Historic Routes 1 to 26
The National Government in Philsdelonen
The William Penn Sight-Seeing Tour—Summary Route A
The George Washington Sight-Seeing Tour—Summary
Route B. ;
Table of Highway Routes asi saa for Philadelpies
Highway Routes I to XII .
Bulletin of Information for Auto-Tourists
The Sesqui-Centennial International Exposition, Piiladeini
1926
List of Illustrations
General Index
Map of Highway Routes
Map of Philadelphia .
Copyright, 1925, by the
Corn Exchange National Bank, Philadelphia
v
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Printed in the United States of America
Made by The Haddon Craftsmen, Inc.
Camden, N. J.
4
THE GETTY CENTER
LIBRARY
I9
21-259
257
263,
ake
283
284-310
apes
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314
316
319
320
“Proclaim liberty throughout all the land and unto all the inhabitants
thereof.’’—Lev. xxv: v, x.
VROCLTA \M
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THE LIBERTY BELL
It summons every American citizen to the old homestead of the nation.
1776—Philadelphia—1926
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FOREWORD
Tur Corn Excuance Nationat Bank takes pleasure in helping to make
Philadelphia better known to its own citizens and to visitors from afar in a
way unique among guide books.
The present volume should bring motorists flocking to Philadelphia. It
should also stimulate new uses for the automobile at home. For the book does
more than tell about Philadelphia, it shows how to visit and enjoy every nook
and corner of the nation’s greatest historic city. It does this chiefly in the form
of attractive motor routes, which embrace all the places and memorials of
historic and scenic importance in and about Philadelphia. It is a book therefore
to be used in an automobile, not merely to be read in a library. It will be found
most valuable as an exact historic auto-guide to the old homestead of the nation.
Several special features will appeal to the auto-tourist. Not only are
definite directions given by which the chief sights of the city and its surround-
ings may be reached, but the minimum time necessary to visit and inspect them
is fully indicated. For convenience and quick reference the “Descriptive
Itineraries”’ show in bold-faced type the exact mileage location of the site or
relic described. The visitor limited in time to one or more days will find useful
the “Summary Sight-Seeing Tours,’”’ which cover the important points of
interest. Frequent visitors to Philadelphia will find in this guide “‘something
new” for every occasion. The long-distance tourist, reaching or leaving Phila-
delphia by one of the great highway routes, will find the scheduled “‘ Detours”
attractive and, in the long run, time-saving. The doctor, the lawyer, the
banker, the business man, the teacher, the churchman, the industrial worker,
and the social worker, as well as the general sight-seer, will find something
that appeals to his special interest. Moreover, every user of the book will
discover that it is a guide to a series of auto-outings every one of which teems
with scenic and kaleidoscopic experiences not set down in the text.
The illustrations in the book deserve a word of comment. They are a
revelation of the surprising extent and variety of Philadelphia’s historic treas-
ures. No single book on Philadelphia has ever given so complete a pictorial
record of the city. Acknowledgment is here made of the courtesy of officials of
the Academy of Fine Arts, Historical Society of Pennsylvania, National Museum
in Independence Hall, and others too numerous to mention. The Rau Studio,
the Newell Studio, Henry C. Howland, and EdgarS. Nash also deserve mention
for some of the best pictures in the book.
So much of Philadelphia’s history is national history that nearly every
aspect of it has been treated in many charming books in many charming ways.
The racy literary philosopher has cast his reviving spell over the forgotten
and the familiar. The specialist has treated with illumination his technical
phase of the wealth of material. ‘The historian has told over and over the
delightful stories of persons and places. It is believed, however, that this new
approach to an old field will also be found not without value.
It should be noted that the repetitions in the book are intentional, and,
it is hoped, will be found to add to its usefulness and pleasure. It will be obvious
that many of the directions are given for the benefit of the visiting stranger.
In the interest of completeness the return trip to City Hall is always scheduled.
The sketch maps will be found useful by visitors.
The official designation and approval of this book by Colonel David C.
Collier, Director General of the Sesqui-Centennial International Exposition,
as the Official Historic Auto-Guide of the Sesqui-Centennial Exhibition As-
sociation, adds to its value as a souvenir of the birthplace of the nation.
BROAD AND WALNUT STREETS—LOOKING NORTH TO CITY HALL
The building at the left is the Manufacturers’ Club. The City Hall is at Broad and Market Streets,
where all routes in this book start and terminate. Home of the city and county offices and of all the county
courts, the City Hall is the largest single building in the world, containing 750 rooms. It accommodates,
A Bs only a part of the 20,997 municipal employees under Mayor W. Freeland Kendrick and City
Council.
8
TABLE OF HISTORIC ROUTES
LANDMARKS OF THE EARLY SWEDES
Memoriats oF WILLIAM PENN .
Tue FounpiInGc AND FouNDERS OF GERMANTOWN
Tue ANCIENT CHURCHES
Some Earty CoLontaL Homes .
Retics AND REMINDERS OF THE INDIANS
In THE Footsters or FRANKLIN
GEORGE WASHINGTON IN PHILADELPHIA
A PinGRIMAGE TO VALLEY ForGE
NotasBLeE REVOLUTIONARY MANSIONS
CHARLES THOMSON—FiIrst SECRETARY OF CONGRESS
Rospert Morris anp THE First Banks
Davin Rirrennouse—First PractricaL SCIENTIST
Fitcu anpD FULTON AND THE First STEAMBOATS
BensAMIn West—Tue Quaker ARTIST
OLtp SCHOOLS AND SCHOOLMASTERS
Tue Earty Mepicat PRACTITIONERS
Historic Mementos or Law anp LAWYERS
Some Earty American Homes
SOUVENIRS OF THE Earty ARTISTS
Txomas LEIPER AND THE BEGINNINGS OF RAILROADS
STEPHEN GIRARD—PaTRIOT AND PHILANTHROPIST
Tracks AND TRACES OF BayarpD TAYLOR
THEATRES AND AcToRS OF OLDEN Days
Literary Curios AND LANDMARKS
PHILADELPHIA’s OLpEST INDUSTRIES
Tur NationaAL GOVERNMENT IN PHILADELPHIA
“THe WILLIAM PENN SIGHT-SEEING TouUR”
“Tur GEORGE WASHINGTON SIGHT-SEEING TouR”
Route 1
Route 2
Route 3
Route 4
Route 6
Route 6
Route 7
Route 8
Route 9
Route 10
Route 11
Route 12
Route 13
Route 14
Route 15
Route 16
Route 17
Route 18
Route 19
Route 20
Route 21
Route 22
Route 23
Route 24
Route 25
Route 26
Route 27
Summary Route A
Summary Route B
CITY HALL TOWER AT NIGHT
By day and by night the heroic figure of William Penn dominates the landscape for miles beyond
the City’s limits, which extend sixteen miles to the northeast, eight miles to the southwest, five miles to
the southeast, and eleven miles to the northwest.
= PHILADELPHIA ~
The Sesqui-Centennial City
HE celebration of the 150th anniversary of the Signing of the Declaration of Independence
and the birth of American freedom is an event of such national and international impor-
tance that the eyes of the nation, and indeed of the whole world, naturally centre and focus
on Philadelphia—the Sesqui-Centennial City.
Cw
As the arena of the nation’s past, Philadelphia is without a peer among American cities.
More than a city of historic memories, Philadelphia is a city of historic memorials. Here
still stand the halls in which were enunciated the principles of human rights that gave birth to
free institutions. Here are the very houses where the patriotic men of old assembled and
first framed the legislative foundations of free government. Here are the historic scenes where
the Revolutionary leaders and soldiers fought and sacrificed for the principles and institutions
at stake. Here are still visible mansions, sites, and relics that remind us that not brick and
mortar but sentiment and character build a nation. The Philadelphia of the past survives
in the Philadelphia of to-day; and cherished shrines and homes, historic industries and insti-
tutions, stirring relics of Colonial, Revolutionary and early National days make the city a living
and perpetual fountain of patriotic inspiration.
Go
As a register of national progress and prosperity after 150 years of American Independence,
Philadelphia of to-day is even more impressive and inspiring. In the brief period of a century
and a half’since the first Continental Congress met in 1774, population and industries, natural
resources and transportation, and all forms of civic and social activities have grown and
developed with giant strides, and in full keeping with the spirit and genius of a free people.
ow
In Philadelphia to-day may be seen the great and growing Port of Philadelphia, through
which flows the unmeasured natural resources of the country and the state: bituminous and
anthracite coal, iron and other mine wealth, products of forest and farm, the output of giant
iron and steel industries, and the diversified manufactured products of creative industry.
The great Penn boulevard along Delaware Avenue, the magnificent municipal piers for coast-
wise and ocean traffic, the elevated and belt-line means of transportation, the spacious manu-
facturing and storage plants lining the Delaware river front, the river crowded with shipping,
and the new giant Delaware River bridge, all offer inspiring evidence of the growth and progress
since the days when William Penn first landed at Dock Street, and Benjamin Franklin came
ashore in Philadelphia near the spot where John Fitch later established on the Delaware
the first steamboat service in the world.
Gw9o
Throughout the city and its suburbs one finds to-day multiplied evidence of the pro-
gressive march of American democracy in the last century and a half. Some of the more
important facts showing the growth and progress of the Philadelphia of to-day follow:
The original city of Philadelphia contained two square miles; in 1854, city and county
were made co-terminous, making the total area to-day over 129 square miles, embracing 1,718
miles of streets.
In 1790 the population of Philadelphia city and county was 54,391; in 1876 it was 817,448;
to-day it is over 2,100,000.
11
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Philadelphia—The Sesqui-Centennial City
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THE RISING OLD CITY—AS SEEN ACROSS RITTENHOUSE SQUARE
This picture reveals the astonishing growth of the city west of City Hall. Flanking the Square are
new skyscraping apartment houses and the fast rising Penn Athletic Club, planned to be the greatest
clubhouse in the world. Across the railroad tracks into Broad Street Station stands out the mammoth
new building of the Insurance Company of North America, and beyond it the dominating white tower
of the new Elverson Building.
In 1777 the number of houses in Philadelphia was 3,863; to-day Philadelphia has 430,242
buildings, of which 410,136 are dwellings, 6,875 shops and factories, 794 office buildings,
and 1,004 churches
In 1770 the tota revenue of the city of Philadelphia was £800; in 1925 the city budget
for municipal expenditures was $69,377,482; the latest real estate assessments of the city
showed property valued at $2,747,153,000.
The first native white child born on Philadelphia soil saw light at Second and Walnut
Streets in 1680; the number of native born persons in Philadelphia recorded in the last census
was 1,290,253.
In 1688 the first public protest against human slavery was presented to the Philadelphia
Yearly Meeting of Friends; the number of negro citizens in Philadelphia shown by the
last census was 134,229.
The first public industry on Philadelphia soil was the Swedish mill erected at Cobb’s
Creek in 1643; to-day Philadelphia has 6,583 manufacturing establishments, employing
278,591 wage earners; the total value of production of all classes of industry in the last year
recorded was $1,653,281,300.
13
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Philadelphia—The Sesqui-Centennial City
Philadelphia has sixteen existing industries that antedate the Constitution itself; to-day
it ranks first in the United States in the manufacture of hosiery and knit goods; first in
leather, tanned, curried and finished; first in carpets and rugs; first in hats, fur-felt; first in
cotton lace; first in oilcloth; first in saws; first in locomotives; first in cars for street railways.
In a single year the value of the products of the textile industries of Philadelphia was
$455,639,000; the value of metal and metal products was $273,589,900; the value of the
chemical and allied products was $161,301,500.
The value of sugar refined in Philadelphia in 1922 was $114,409,000, exceeding that of
all other products.
The value of printing and publishing products comes second at $100,295,100; and woolen
and worsted goods is a close third at $87,219,800.
The Philadelphia Chamber of Commerce, with a membership of 5,127, is the largest
commercial organization in the United States, excepting only the national organization.
The Philadelphia Public School System began in 1818; to-day it has enrolled 277,859
pupils, taught by 7,227 teachers, in 371 school buildings.
The Philadelphia Central High School was established in 1836 and was the first public
high school in the United States outside of New England; to-day Philadelphia has eleven
Senior High Schools and twelve Junior High Schools, with a Senior High School enrollment
of 30,131, and a Junior High School enrollment of 21,215.
Philadelphia to-day is the home of 292 newspapers and other publications, including the
oldest daily newspaper in America, and the oldest illustrated weekly.
- Franklin’s Subscription Library, the first in America, began in 1731 with a handful of
books; to-day the Free Library of Philadelphia owns 656,234 bound volumes in 73 languages,
and besides the magnificent new building on the Parkway, includes 28 branch libraries.
Philadelphia to-day has 41 Play-grounds and Recreation Centres, and 31 Swimming
Pools, including the Bathing Beach at League Island Park; in addition there are 2,892 acres
of public parks and park areas, not including Fairmount Park, embracing 3,597 acres.
The Philadelphia Musical Fund Hall was organized in 1824; the Academy of Music was
opened in 1857; to-day Philadelphia is known widely as the home of the Philadelphia Orchestra,
established in 1901.
The first theatre within Philadelphia’s city limits was the old Chestnut Street Theatre,
built in 1793; to-day 49 theatres, and more than 170 photo-play houses, serve the city.
Founded in 1732, the State in Schuylkill Fishing Company, still flourishing as the oldest
club in the world, was adequate to Philadelphia’s needs up to Revolutionary times; to-day
Philadelphia has over 700 clubs or social organizations.
When William Penn landed in 1682, there was a hotel at Dock Creek to greet him—the
Blue Anchor Inn; to-day Philadelphia has 30 important hotels and about 2,000 smaller ones
and apartment houses; including the new Benjamin Franklin Hotel, with 1,200 rooms and
1,200 baths.
Philadelphia began its hospital service with the Pennsylvania Hospital (1754); to-day it
has 72 hospitals, three of them municipal institutions.
The old Swedish block-house church began its services in 1677; Philadelphia to-day is a
city of a thousand churches (1,004).
The first Jewish congregation in Philadelphia, the Mikve Israel, was organized as early
as 1747; to-day there are 152 Jewish congregations in Philadelphia.
15
Philadelphia—The Sesqui-Centennial City
The first volunteer fire company in America was established in Philadelphia in 1737;
to-day the Philadelphia Fire Department includes 59 steam fire-engines, and 29 hook and
ladder companies.
The Philadelphia Bureau of Police numbers 4,943 persons, including 4,200 patrolmen,
and a Police Band numbering 65 musicians.
The first omnibus line in Philadelphia was established in 1831; horse cars were introduced
in 1858; the first electric cars, hailed as “‘juggernauts of death,” began operation December 15,
1892; to-day the Philadelphia Rapid Transit Company owns or operates all the street railways
in Philadelphia, in 1924 carrying 872,755,398 passengers, and employing over 6,700 persons.
The first subway and elevated electric car line in Philadelphia was opened on Market
Street in 1907; the Frankford ‘“L”’ was first operated November 5, 1923.
Gas was first made in Philadelphia for exhibition purposes in 1796, for illumination in 1817,
and the first Philadelphia Gas Company was chartered in 1835; the introduction of gas
throughout the city and its districts was not completed until 1855; to-day the United Gas
Improvement Company supplies the city streets with 26,813 free gas lamps, and with 11,489
paid gas lamps; the city maintains also 10,350 gasoline street lamps, and 19,116 electric
street lamps.
The first experimental demonstration with a telephone in Philadelphia was made by
Alexander Graham Bell at the Centennial Exposition in 1876; to-day the Bell Telephone
Company serves 303,490 subscribers in Philadelphia, by means of its great central plant on the
Parkway and 44 branch exchanges.
Electric lighting began in Philadelphia in 1882; to-day the Philadelphia Electric Com-
pany supplies 360,677 consumers, including the power for the street car service of the Phila-
delphia Rapid Transit Company, and the power for the electrified line of the Pennsylvania
Railroad to Paoli.
The oldest bank in America—the Bank of North America—was chartered in Philadelphia
in 1781; to-day Philadelphia has six mutual saving fund societies (with deposits of $294,-
535,823), eighty-seven trust companies and State banks (with deposits of $625,524,426), and
thirty-two national banks (with deposits of $691,936,840).
The Federal Reserve Bank for the Third District is located in Philadelphia.
The first railroad to the West began in Philadelphia in 1834; to-day the Pennsylvania
|
NEW TWO MILLION DOLLAR OVERBROOK SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
16
Philadelphia—The Sesqui-Centennial City
THE NEW FREE LIBRARY OF PHILADELPHIA—FACING THE PARKWAY AT LOGAN SQUARE
Railroad System, with headquarters at Broad Street Station, operates a total of 27,662 miles
of trackage: 11,602 miles of single track; 4,260 miles of double track; 934 miles of three track;
704 miles of four track; and 10,162 miles of sidings. Over half of this trackage is west of
Pittsburgh. ;
In 1836 the imports through the port of Philadelphia amounted to $15,068,233, and the
exports $3,971,555; in ten months for 1924 the imports were $172,021,656, and the exports
$87,450,270; a high record was reached in 1919, when the exports were $522,391,091.
we)
The Philadelphia of to-morrow is already casting its sunshine before. Civic, industrial,
and social leaders have well under way for the progress and welfare of the community gigantic
public and private improvements, many of them authorized and now under construction,
involving an aggregate expenditure of over one thousand millions of dollars ($1,048 ,499,400) :
The proposed Pennsylvania Railroad Passenger Station, to be erected on the west bank
of the Schuylkill River, at Thirtieth and Market Streets, is already more than an architect’s
dream.
Ground has been broken and construction begun on the colossal Municipal Stadium to
be built at Broad and Pattison, designed to accommodate 125,000 spectators, and to play an
important part in the coming Sesqui-Centennial celebration.
The magnificent Philadelphia Museum of Art slowly but surely rises on its architectural
acropolis overlooking the Parkway.
The proposed Temple of Justice planned for the Parkway will prove a worthy companion
for the superb Free Library already completed on the Parkway.
The site for the new Municipal “‘Annex”’ to be located on the east side of Penn Square
has been acquired and the construction of the bu'lding is completely planned and under way.
The new: two-million dollar Overbrook Senior High School is already above its founda-
tions, and the projected magnificent Trade School for Girls will soon be under construction.
The Delaware River Bridge, connecting the two great commonwealths of Pennsylvania
and New Jersey, will be completed and dedicated July 4th, 1926.
17
Philadelphia—The Sesqui-Centennial City
‘PASSENGER. TE RAMINAL - PHILADELPHIA. SYLVANTA 78 #® PENNSYLVANIA: RLAILROAD SYSTEAML
THE COMING PENNSYLVANIA STATION, THIRTIETH AND MARKET STREETS, WEST PHILADELPHIA
The William Penn Charter School, founded by William Penn in 1689, has just occupied
new buildings and a campus of twenty-two acres, on School Lane, Germantown.
The mammoth building on the Parkway of the Insurance Company of North America,
founded in 1762, is now ready for use.
The Penn Athletic Club, the finest athletic clubhouse in America, now being erected on
Rittenhouse Square, is almost a reality.
The Richmond Station of the Philadelphia Electric Company is being erected at a cost
of $21,000,000.
The Elverson Building, the new home of the Philadelphia Inquirer, at Broad and Callowhill
Streets; and the magnificent Public Ledger Building, overlooking historic Independence
Square; both under recent construction, are now ready for use.
The proposed Chestnut Street Subway is looked forward to with eager expectation for its
great public benefits. The Broad Street Subway, under construction, is to cost over
$100,000,000.
A series of well-planned diagonal avenues and highways connecting outlying districts with
the heart of the city await official approval and action.
The Sesqui-Centennial International Exposition will bring improvements and develop-
ment to an important section of the city that is within a radius of four miles of the City Hall.
The Bell Telephone Building on the Parkway, the new Elks Home at Broad and Wood
Streets, the Westinghouse Electric Company Building at the western end of Walnut Street
bridge, the notable Benjamin Franklin Hotel at Ninth and Chestnut Streets, are recent com-
pletions that belong to the new era dawning on the Philadelphia of to-morrow.
G*#9
Highways and byways in and about Philadelphia are rich in records of the progress and
achievements of a free people in enjoyment of 150 years of American Independence. ‘There
is no nook or corner of Philadelphia and its surroundings not included in the routes which
follow in the pages of this book.
18
HISTORIC FACTS ABOUT PHILADELPHIA
OUNDED by William Penn in 1682, the original city extended from the Delaware River
to the Schuylkill River and from Vine Street to South Street.
The oldest house in Philadelphia, now standing in West Fairmount Park, was a brick
building built by William Penn in 1682.
The oldest business firm in Philadelphia has-been in continuous existence in the same
family since 1687, antedating even the founding of the Bank of England.
In 1688, in the Germantown Friends’ Meeting House, was presented the first public
protest in America against human slavery.
The William Penn Charter School has been in continuous existence in Philadelphia
since 1689.
Old Swedes’ Church, the oldest church building in Philadelphia, dates back to 1700,
although services were begun on the present site in 1677.
Philadelphia is the home of the oldest daily newspaper in the United States, a lineal
descendant of Franklin’s weekly, founded in 1728.
The first Bible in America, in a European language, was printed in Germantown in 1743.
In Philadelphia in 1752 Franklin proved the identity of lightning and electricity by his
famous kite-flying experiment.
The oldest Medical School in the United States was established in Philadelphia in 1765.
In Philadelphia was produced in 1767 the first American drama ever publicly acted.
The first Continental Congress met in Carpenters’ Hall, September 5, 1774.
The second Continental Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence in the old
State House, now Independence Hall, July 4, 1776.
Philadelphia is the ‘‘birthplace of Old Glory,” the Stars and Stripes having been adopted
here by Congress, June 14, 1777. The Betsy Ross House is at No. 239 Arch Street.
In the suburbs of Philadelphia was fought the Battle of Germantown, October 4, 1777.
Philadelphia has the oldest bank on the American continent, the Bank of North America,
chartered in 1781, and still occupying in a modern building its original site.
In Philadelphia in 1785, John Fitch experimented on the Schuylkill River with the first
steamboat in America, and in 1788 established on the Delaware River vetween Philadelphia
and Trenton the first passenger steamboat service in the world.
The Protestant Episcopal Church was formally established in the United States in
Christ Church, Philadelphia, in 1785.
THE NEW COLOSSAL MUNICIPAL STADIUM—BROAD AND PATTISON
Planned to accommodate 125,000. spectators, it will be the scene of pageantry and big athletic events at the
coming Sesqui-Centennial celebration.
19
HISTORIC FACTS ABOUT PHILADELPHIA
There are sixteen business firms in Philadelphia that antedate the adoption of the Con-
stitution of the United States (1787), in some cases by many years.
The Constitution of the United States was framed and adopted in Philadelphia in 1787
by the Federal Convention that met in Independence Hall. .
Philadelphia was the capital of the United States from 1790 until 1800.
George Washington as President of the United States lived with his family in Phila-
delphia throughout the presidential years 1790-1797.
The first Law School in the United States was founded in Philadelphia in 1790.
The first United States Mint was established in Philadelphia in 1792.
The first United States Bank was established in Philadelphia in 1795, and the building,
the oldest bank building in America, is still in use by the Girard National Bank.
The ‘‘Athenaeum’”’ portrait of Washington was painted by Gilbert Stuart in German-
town in 1796.
In Philadelphia Washington delivered his ‘‘ Farewell Address” in 1796.
In Philadelphia in 1799 Washington was first proclatimed—“ First in war, first in peace,
and first in the hearts of his countrymen.”
In Philadelphia lived Robert Morris, the financier of the Revolution; Stephen Girard,
the financier of the War of 1812; E. W. Clark, the financier of the Mexican War; Jay Cooke,
the financier of the Civil War.
Philadelphia is the home of the oldest art academy in America—the Pennsylvania Acad-
emy of the Fine Arts, founded in 1805.
The oldest existing play-house in America—the Walnut Street Theatre—was built in
Philadelphia in 1808.
In Philadelphia in 1809 was set up by Thomas Leiper the first experimental railroad
in America.
The first American novelist was Charles Brockden Brown, who was born in Philadel-
phia in 1771 and died here in 1810.
The first American locomotive was built by Matthias W. Baldwin in Philadelphia in 1827.
Joseph Jefferson, of “‘Rip Van Winkle” fame, was born in Philadelphia in 1829.
The first railroad to the West was operated from Philadelphia in 1834, supplanting the
stage-coach, the conestoga, and the way-side inn.
The first daguerreotype of the human face was made in Philadelphia in 1839.
In Congress Hall is the masterpiece of the first native born American sculptor, William
Rush (1756-1833).
The Academy of Fine Arts possesses the greatest collection of Gilbert Stuart’s portraits
in America.
Poe’s home in Philadelphia is still standing at Seventh and Brandywine Streets.
Philadelphia is a ‘‘city of firsts.’ Besides those mentioned, the list includes: the first
paper mill, 1690; the first botanical garden, 1728; the first Masonic Lodge, 1730; the first
subscription library, 1731; the first volunteer fire company, 1736; the first American medical
book, 1740; the first magazine, 1741; the first American philosophical society, 1743; the first
Shakespearean performance in America, 1749; the first fire insurance company, 1752; the
first lightning rod, 1752; the first American Arctic expedition, 1753; the first religious maga-
zine, 1764; the first theatre, 1766; the first type cast in America, 1772; the first abolition
society in the world, 1774; the first American piano, 1775; the first American dispensary,
1786; the first water works, 1799; the first zoological museum, 1802; the first carriage in the
world propelled by steam, 1804; the first American art school, 1805; the first academy of
natural sciences, 1812; the first school for training teachers, 1818; the first American building,
and loan association, 1831; the first American numismatic association, 1858.
20
Route 1—Landmarks of the Early Swedes
OLD SWEDES’ CHURCH, 1700—FOUNDED 1677
Venerable and venerated it is the most cherished memorial in Philadelphia of the early Swedish settlers.
DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY
Route 1—Landmarks of the Early Swedes—25.0 m.
Besides exploring some quaint corners of old Philadelphia rich in ancient streets and antique houses,
this trip includes a dozen or more miles of interesting open country. Going through the famous “Neck”
to the mouth of the Schuylkill River, and passing near Hog Island on the way to Big Tinicum, the route
leads from the Delaware River at Essington across the marshes and over Darby Creek to the mainland,
concluding with a suburban section of the Chester Pike, the oldest highway in Pennsylvania.
HE lasting memorials of the early
Swedish settlers of Philadelphia terri-
tory are few but fascinating.
At the City Hall, south side, to the right
of the arched entrance, observe the bronze
tablet (0.0) setting forth the fundamental
facts regarding the early Swedish settlers
of Pennsylvania. On this tablet appear the
names of families since distinguished in the
annals of Philadelphia. Especially notable
are the names of Swanson (Sven Schute),
Stillé (Olaf Stille), and Keen (Kyn). In
1693, for the information of William Penn,
a list was made showing the number of
Swedes in Philadelphia,—188 Swedish fam-
ilies, including 907 individuals, of whom 39
only were native Swedes, and of whom 2
had been in the country since 1639, fifty-
four years before Penn’s inventory, and
forty-three years before Penn’s first landing.
Going first to the Historical Society of
Pennsylvania (0.5) at Locust and Thirteenth
Streets, southwest corner, devote a few
minutes to the several portraits of historic
importance in relation to the early Swedes.
Most important are those of the artist
Gustavius Hesselius (1682-1775) and his
wife Lydia, painted by the artist himself,
who came to Philadelphia from Sweden in
1711, and became the pioneer painter in
America, antedating John Smybert in New
England, and John Watson in New Jersey.
These portraits are high on the west wall
of the antechamber to the left on entrance,
which is reached through the main doorway.
Noticeable on the south wall in the same
hallway are a portrait of the famous Gus-
tavus II Adolphus, whose untimely death at
the battle of Lutzen prevented his plans for
Swedish colonization in America, and the
portrait of his brilliant daughter Queen
Christina, who in 1653 gave to “the brave
and courageous” Lieutenant Swen Shute
(whose family name afterwards became
known as Swanson) a grant of land em-
22
bracing Kingsessing, Passyunk, and Wiccaco —
in Southwark,—a very large section of the
present territory of Philadelphia. Interest-
ing, too, is the portrait of the celebrated
Chancellor of Sweden, Count Axel Oxen-
stierna, who during the Queen’s infancy
raised the funds for carrying out the col-
onization of New Swedeland on the Dela-
ware. In a room at the left of the main
library hall is the portrait of the famous
Swedish Governor John Printz, who estab-
lished the Swedish seat of government at
Tinicum Island in 1643.
Continuing along Fourth Street (1.3)
which even in Franklin’s early days was
the western outpost of the city, we reach
the modern South Street (1.5) (Penn’s
Cedar Street), which was the southern
boundary of the original city of Philadel-
phia down to 1854, when by act of con-
solidation the old city of Philadelphia and
Philadelphia county became coterminous.
Crossing South Street we enter “South-
wark,” which embraced the whole region
south of South Street extending from the
Delaware River to the west side of Passyunk
Avenue, and thence to Reed Street, to
Seventh, to Mifflin, to the Delaware River
again. Southwark, first incorporated in
1762, was the oldest of the nine incorporated
“districts” which helped to make the greater
Philadelphia of 1854.
Turning from Fourth Street into Bain-
bridge (1.6) (once named Shippen Street, for
Edward Shippen, the first mayor of the
city of Philadelphia), we enter the region,
some 800 acres, originally possessed by the
Swedish family of Sven, afterwards known
by the name of Swanson, who lived at the
foot of Christian Street in the sub-district
long known as Wiccaco, an Indian name said
to imply “pleasant place.”
The route through Bainbridge Street to
Front (1.9), and along Front to Queen, is re-
markable for the antiquity of the houses.
MILEAGE ITINERARY
Route 1—Landmarks of the Early Swedes—25.0 m.
Driving time about 1 hr. 45 min. Two additional hours, or more, may be well spent in stops, including
the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, 10 min.; old houses on Queen and Swanson Streets, 15 min.; Old
Swedes’ Church, 30 min.; Essington, Tinicum Island, 35 min.; Morris Ferry House, 10 min.; Cobb’s Creek
Dam and St. James of Kingsessing, 20 min. For full details see ‘“‘Descriptive Itinerary.”
Mileage
0.0
0.4
0.5
1.3
01)
1.6
1.9
2.0
Zk
Zed
eee
2.3
2.3
2.4
2.5
3.5
a7
3.8
4.6
ad
6.0
PHILADELPHIA, City Hall, south side. Tablet. Go south on Broad St.
Spruce St.; turn left.
13th and Spruce Sts.; stop and walk north one block to Locust and 13th Sts., south-
west corner, Historical Society of Pennsylvania. Continue on Spruce St. to
4th St.; turn right.
Cross South St., southern boundary of city from Penn’s day until 1854.
Bainbridge St.; turn left.
Front St.; turn right.
Cross Catharine St.
Queen St.; turn left.
Swanson St.; turn right. West side below Queen St., site of the log house of the Sons
of Sven.
Christian St.; turn right. Note Nos. 5 and 7 Christian St.
South Water (formerly Otsego) St.; turn left.
Old Swedes’ Church (‘‘Gloria Dei’’), South Water St., below Christian. Stop. Return
on South Water St. to
Christian St.; turn left.
Moyamensing Ave.; turn left.
Dead end; jog right then left on 4th St.
Jackson St.; turn right.
Cross 5th St.; turn immediately left into Moyamensing Ave. At 4.3 bear left.
Cross Broad St. At 5.1 bear left.
Penrose Ave.; turn left.
Pass Point Breeze Driving Park.
SWANSON TOMBSTONE—OLD SWEDES’ CHURCH EARLY “AMERICANIZATION” PAPERS
Last reminder of the Swedish family that once owned most Penn’s document naturalizing in 1701 the builder and
of South and West Philadelphia. pastor of Old Swedes’ Church.
23
DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY
Route 1—Landmarks of the Early Swedes—25.0 m.
Crossing Catharine Street (2.0), named
for Catharine Swanson, and passing through
Queen Street (2.1), on the way to Chris-
tian Street, names commemorative of Queen
Christina of Sweden, we recall that these
street names are Swedish landmarks. On
Queen Street near Swanson, and on Swan-
son Street below Queen, old Swedish houses
(some abandoned), attract especial notice;
cellars once underground being now the
first stories.
On Swanson Street (2.1), west side, be-
tween Queen Street and Beck’s alley, is the
site of the log home of the Swansons, orig-
inal Swedish owners of the bigger part of
Southwark. The house stood on a little hill,
some thirty feet north of Beck’s alley, and
had a large garden and various fruit trees
behind it. It was used later as a school,
and an eyewitness speaks of it as being one
and a half stories high, with a piazza all
around it, having four rooms on a floor, and
a very large fireplace with seats in each
jamb. Professor Peter Kalm, the Swedish
traveller, who visited here in 1748, saw the
house and has left a striking description of
the home where “was heard the sound of the
spinning wheel before the city was ever
thought of.’ The house was taken down
when the British occupied Philadelphia, and
the property itself descended to Paul Beck,
well known in the later annals of the city.
Looking south from this site one can see
the projecting walls of the most cherished
landmark of the Swedes in Philadelphia,—
“Gloria Dei,” or Old Swedes’ Church. The
entrance is on South Water (formerly Otse-
go) Street, a small street off Christian Street,
between Swanson and Front.
Turning the corner at Christian Street
(2.2), note the antique house at Nos. 5 and
7 Christian Street, long thought the only
“log-house” in Philadelphia, now concealed
by its board front, and curious as having
been framed and floated to its present spot
in earliest times from Chester county.
The vista of Old Swedes’ Church that one
gets on entering the churchyard from South
Water Street (2.3), evokes reverence and de-
light. A rude blockhouse stood on this site
in 1669, and was later used by the pious
24
Swedes for religious services, beginning
Trinity Sunday, 1677. The present build-
ing was dedicated in 1700, on ground given
by Catharine Swanson.
To the. right.of.the church Sentrance,
against the outside walls, is an almost oblit-
erated tombstone which in a favorable light
shows the name of “SWAN.” This is prob-
ably the inscription of Swan Johnson (men-
tioned by Watson in his “Annals” ), who was
born in 1685 and died in 1733.
The Swedish woodcarving of Cherubim,
overhanging the rear gallery, and the an-
tique baptismal font will arrest attention as
objects brought over by early colonists. The
inscriptions on the open Bible are significant
not only for their meaning—(“The people
that have walked in darkness have seen a
great light”; “Glory to God in the High-
est’), but also as memorials of the earliest
use of the Swedish language in America.
The mural tablet, on the left, to the Rev. Dr.
Nicholas Cullin, the last of the Swedish pas-
tors, who arrived from Sweden in 1771 and
died in 1831, and whose death ended all con-
nection of the American Swedish Church
with that of Sweden, should not be over-
looked. Of especial interest, in the center
aisle (immediately in front of the chancel),
is the tomb of the Rev. Andrew Rudman, the
learned missionary sent over by Charles XI
of Sweden, and the builder and first pastor
of the new church.
In the vestry-room may be seen the
American “naturalization papers” granted
to Andrew Rudman by. William Penn, signed
and dated 1701, 6th month and 12th day.
The long ride from Old Swedes’ Church
by way of Christian Street (2.4), Moya-
mensing Avenue, Penrose Ferry Road, Is-
land Road, and Tinicum Avenue to the site
of the old Swedish settlement on Tinicum
Island (now Essington), shows the great
extent of the southern section of the city as
well as many evidences of widespread im-
provement and progress since the days when
the Swedes dwelt along the Delaware or
were scattered widely in Moyamensing and
Passyunk,
Crossing Penrose Ferry (7.2), on the left,
we get a charming view of the mouth of the
Route 1—Landmarks of the Early Swedes—25.0 m.
JOHN PRINTZ, GOVERNOR AT TINICUM QUEEN CHRISTINA OF SWEDEN
Gift of King Gustav V to the Swedish Colonial Society of This portrait of the founder of the first Swedish settle-
Philadelphia. The original is in the church at Bottnaryd, ment on the Delaware was given to the Historical Socie-y
Sweden, of Pennsylvania in 1877,
25
DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY
Route 1—Landmarks of the Early Swedes—25.0 m.
BIG-EYED ANGELS—OLD SWEDES’
Early specimens of Swedish wood-carving
CHURCH
, these cherubim guard the record of the earliest use of the
Swedish language in America.
Schuylkill River, now guarded by a mighty
commercial giant—the Girard Point grain
elevator, but once the site of one of the
earliest Swedish forts.
Across the bridge (7.4), we are on the
soil of Kingsessing, now the 40th ward of
Philadelphia. ‘“Chinsessing” is mentioned
in the deed given by Queen Christina to the
Swanson family in 1653, and named on a
map issued in 1654-55 by the Swedish en-
gineer Lindstrom. The eye is diverted
shortly by the Hog Island sky-line with its
bewildering labyrinth of cranes and _ its
forest of ship masts. The Cannon Ball
Farm (8.2) recalls Revolutionary days when
a British gunboat appeared in the Delaware
and fired a shot still registered. The old
Boon Dam Public School (9.0), and the new
Boon Dam Public School, conserve the an-
cient Swedish name of Boon, once Bond,
and originally Bonde,—Andrew Bonde being
one of the two Swedes who had been in
the country fifty-four years when Penn made
his inventory of the Swedes in 1693.
26
At Bow Creek (10.4), once the highway
by which the Swedes paddled to their church
at Tinicum in canoes, we cross the southern-
most boundary of the city of Philadelphia,
which offers striking contrast with the pres-
ent South Street, the southernmost boundary
of Penn’s day.
Driving up to the doorway of the hos-
pitable Corinthian Yacht Club (13.7), which
overlooks the Delaware River at Essington,
on Tinicum Island, we see on the right a
tablet recording that the lawn and river
front of the Club at this spot were part of
the seat of the Swedish government during
its occupation of the Delaware River, 1638-
55. The Swedish Chapel was situated to the
eastward, near the line between the Club’s
property and that of the adjoining Rosedale,
now Tinicum Inn. The burying ground was
near the chapel, on what is now part of the
Club’s lawn. The large stone doorstep be-
neath the tablet was the step of the Chapel.
Directly in front of Tinicum Inn, once
marked by a flower bed, is the site of the
Mileage
6.5
7.4
8.2
8.9
9.0
10.4
10.6
13.5
13.6
1337
14.0
15.0
15.4
18.7
19.2
19.7
20.2
21.2
Palys
23.1
MILEAGE ITINERARY
Route 1—Landmarks of the Early Swedes—25.0 m.
Cross Girard Point Branch, Penna. R. R. Cross Penrose Ferry Bridge at 7.2.
Penrose Ferry Inn; turn right, avoiding left-hand road.
Pass Cannon Ball Farm House on left.
Pass into Tinicum Ave.
Boon Dam Public School.
Pass Bow Creek into Delaware County.
View of Hog Island, on left.
Tinicum Inn, on left; site of mansion of the Swedish Governor, John Printz.
Turn left into Yacht Club driveway to entrance.
Corinthian Yacht Club, Essington. Tablet. Stop and walk through gateway to Tini-
cum Inn. Reverse to
Wanamaker Ave.; turn left with trolley.
Cross bridge over Darby Creek; on left, old Morris Ferry House; 1698, on door; birth-
place of John Morton.
Chester Road; turn right.
Turn right into Main St., Darby.
Caution; R. R. grade crossing.
Cobb’s Creek dam; site of water-mill put up by the Swedish Governor Printz, 1643.
St. James’ Church, Kingsessing, Woodland Ave., between 68th and 69th Sts.
59th St. and Woodland Ave. (No. 5835 Woodland Ave.), old log farmhouse, type
used by original Swedes.
Cross 54th St., leading to Bartram’s Garden.
39th and Woodland Ave., University of Pennsylvania, Dr. Charles J. Stillé, Provost
1868-80.
Market St. at 32nd; turn right.
City Hall, PHILADELPHIA.
ae
TE ane
SITE OF THE SWEDISH GOVERNOR’S MANSION, 1643
The flower-bed of Tinicum Inn, at Essington on the Delaware, marks the location. The near-by Corin-
thian Yacht Club celebrates Governor Printz as the “first American Yachtsman.”
27
DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY
Route 1—Landmarks of the Early Swedes—25.0 m.
SWEDISH LOG-CABIN, DARBY CREEK, 1698
Here was born in 1724 John Morton, descendant of an
early Swede, and Signer of the Declaration of Independence.
mansion house of John Printz, the Swedish
Governor (1643), who the Corinthians
claim had a yacht on the river and there-
fore was the “first American yachtsman.”
The fort, called new Gottenborg, is be-
lieved to have been on the shore some two
hundred yards to the westward of the club-
house. An Indian council was held here and
a treaty was made by the Swedes with the
Indians on the seventeenth of June, 1654.
The view of the river from the Club’s
lawn across to little Tinicum Island and the
distant Jersey shore is still primitive and
charming.
Returning to Philadelphia by way of
Tinicum Avenue and Island Road (14.0), we
soon cross Darby Creek (15.0), to the main-
land, noting on the left, just beyond the
bridge, the old Morris Ferry House, a time-
worn timber house once occupied by the
keeper of the ferry, the antiquity of which
is also attested by the carved date on the
door, 1698.
This house is one of the few original log
houses still standing and in use. It is the
type of house described in 1702 by Thomas
Campanius Holme, grandson of the Swedish
pastor John Campanius, who came to Tin-
icum with Governor Printz in 1642. In his
“Short Description of the Province of New
Sweden” Holme speaks of “substantial log
houses, built of good strong hard hickory,
28
REAR VIEW OF JOHN MORTON’S BIRTHPLACE
The structure of this age-worn cabin still shows the craft
of the pioneer woodsman.
two stories high, which was sufficient to
secure the people from the Indians.”
This humble old Swedish log cabin on
Darby Creek (15.0) was the birthplace of
John Morton (1724-1777), a delegate to the
First Continental Congress, a signer of the
Declaration of Independence, and forever
distinguished as the man who left a sick bed
to cast the deciding vote that put Pennsyl-
vania on the side of Independence. When
many of Morton’s old friends turned from
him because of his action, he left them a
death-bed message, saying: “Tell them that
they will live to see the time when they shall
acknowledge it to be the most glorious servy-
ice that I ever rendered to myncouniry.
John Morton was descended from one of
the first Swedish settlers on the Delaware,
the Swedish form of the ancestral name
being Marten. His grave and monument are
at Chester, Pa. See Route IVR (9.5; 19.4).
Turning into Chester Pike (15.4), con-
tinuous with Main Street (Darby), and with
Darby Road, and finally with Woodland
Avenue (Philadelphia), we pass over’ the
oldest highway in Pennsylvania, begun as
an Indian trail and developed into a road-
way by the early Swedes. On the way we
pass rapidly through a succession of small
suburban towns and reach again the bound-
ary of the city at Cobb’s Creek (19.7).
At Cobb’s Creek (73rd and Woodland
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DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY
Route 1—Landmarks of the Early Swedes—25.0 m.
= ‘i
w
L.
SWEDISH TYPE OF LOG FARMHOUSE
Woodland Avenue and Fifty-ninth Street, West Philadelphia.
Avenue), the site of Pennsylvania’s first
public industry, we stop to observe the dam
across the creek and the holes in the rocky
ledge in front of the dam. These holes are
the last traces of the water-mill put up by
the Swedish Governor Printz in 1643. Long
before Philadelphia was founded, Governor
Printz in a report to the West India Com-
pany, February 20, 1647, said of this mill
site: “This place I have called Mondal,
building there a water-mill, working it the
whole year long to great advantage for the
country, particularly as the windmill for-
merly here before | came would never work
and was good for nothing.” Thomas Cam-
panius Holme, writing in 1702, said: “Kara-
king (the Indian name for Cobb’s Creek)
otherwise called the Water Mill Stream, is
a fine stream, very convenient for water-
mills: the Governor caused one to be erected
there. It was a fine mill, which ground both
fine and coarse flour, and was going early
and late; it was the first that was seen in
that country.”
At Woodland Avenue and Sixty-ninth
Street (20.2), we meet another landmark of
the early Swedish settlers in Philadelphia,—
the historic St. James of Kingsessing, built
by the Swedes in 1760. Facing the older
section of the church building is a pic-
turesque dismounting step, reminder of by-
gone customs and ye olden days. The date-
stone, high in the gabled front, came from
England in 1762. St. James was the second
of the three churches built by the Swedes,
the third being the old Swedes’ Church at
Upper. Merion, Christ Church, built in 1763.
Until 1840 the records of St. James of King-
sessing were entered upon the registers of
the church at Wiccaco. Dr. Nicholas Cullin
of “Gloria Dei,” the last of thes limeser
Swedish ministers sent out as missionaries
by the King of Sweden, even when the col-
onies had passed under British rule, offi-
ciated over all three Swedish Churches until
his death in 1831. In 1786 the vestry in-
formed his Majesty of Sweden that, while
agreeing to receive the Rev. Mr. Cullin as
their pastor and rector, it reserved the right
hereafter of their own appointment of a min-
_ ister, particularly, so this letter said, “as
30
the Swedish language was almost entirely
extinct in Pennsylvania.” 3) lhe pread-
minded answer of the Swedish king: is still
cherished. St. James was brought into union
with the conyention of the Protestant Epis-
copal Church in 1844.
As this trip is continued along Woodland
Avenue three other interesting Swedish asso-
ciations may be noted before reaching the
heart of the city.
At Fifty-ninth Street and Woodland Ave-
nue (21.2), on the left, still stands (No. 5835
Woodland Avenue) a low two-story white-
washed wooden house, the type of farm-
house of an early Swedish settler, described
by Acrelius, the Swedish annalist. Acrelius
speaks of “Chinsessing, a place upon the
Schuylkill, where five families of freemen
dwelt together in houses two stories high,
built of white-nut tree (hickory), which was
at that time regarded as the best material
for building houses, but in later times was
altogether disapproved for such purposes.”
At Fifty-fourth Street (21.7), a short de-
tour to the right brings one to John Bar-
tram’s historic home and garden, set up in
the wilderness in 1731. Fuller directions and
details regarding this early colonial home
are given in Route 5. Here came in 1748
the distinguished Swedish traveller Peter
Kalm, Professor in the University of Aabo,
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28
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DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY
Route 1—Landmarks of the Early Swedes—25.0 m.
who in his “Travels Into North America”
has left an invaluable picture of the Phila-
delphia of this early period, and a particu-
larly vivid and charming account of Bartram
and his garden. “In the morning I went
with the Swedish painter, Mr. Hesselius, to
the country seat of Mr. Bartram, which is
about four English miles to the south of
Philadelphia, at some distance from the
high road to Maryland, Virginia, and Caro-
lina... . We visited several Swedes, who
were settled here, and were at present in
very good circumstances.” A generation later
Hector St. John Crevecoeur, pioneer poet-
naturalist, in his “Letters from an Amer-
ican Farmer,” 1782, gives also a remark-
able picture of a visit to John Bartram,
whom he quotes at one point as saying:
“Friend Iwan, as I make no doubt that
thee understandest the Latin tongue, read
this kind epistle which the good Queen of
DR. CHARLES J. STILLE—UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA
Distinguished Provost of the University (1868-80), Dr. Stillé
was a descendant of one of the first Swedish settlers.
32
Sweden, Ulrica, sent me a few years ago.
Good woman! that she should think in her
palace at Stockholm of poor John Bartram,
on the banks of the Schuylkill, appeareth to
me very strange.” And gracefully his vis-
itor replied: “Not in the deast,;deameoi,
you are the first man whose name as a
botanist hath done honour to America.” It
was the Swedish Linnaeus who called Bar-
tram “the greatest of natural botanists in
the world.”
At Thirty-ninth and Woodland Avenue
(23.1), we reach the dormitories of the Uni-
versity of Pennsylvania, which owe their
presence on Woodland Avenue to a distin-
guished descendant of one of the earliest
Swedish settlers of Philadelphia soil. This
was Dr. Charles J. Stillé, Provost of the
University (1868-1880), through whose
vision and efforts the University in 1873
was brought from its old location on Ninth
Street above Chestnut to its present site in
West Philadelphia. In Houston Hall, the
students’ clubhouse of the University, front-
ing on Spruce Street, between 34th and 36th
Streets, may be seen a striking portrait of
Dr. Stillé (1819-1899).
At a meeting of the Historical Society of
Pennsylvania, held April 16, 1877, to receive
a portrait of Christina, Queen of the Swedes,
the Goths, and the Vends, Provost Stillé
modestly said: “It is true that the Swedish
colony settled here in 1638 under the Queen
Christina was not the one projected on so
magnificent a scale by her father, Gustavus
Adolphus. The colony remained a de-
pendency of the Swedish crown for only
seventeen years; its members were merely
a few Swedish peasants, not exceeding even
sixty years after its settlement, a thousand
in number; it held within its bosom the germ
of some of our characteristic American
ideas, but it had little to do with their
growth.”
It is now possible to assert, however, that
the influence of at least one able American
of Swedish ancestry has had much to do with
the growth and development of a character-
istic American idea—a great international
university.
Route 2—Memorials of William Penn
THE FOUNDER OF PENNSYLVANIA—‘PENN IN ARMOR”
Painted in Ireland when Penn was twenty-two, the original portrait hangs in the great hall of the His-
torical Society of Pennsylvania.
DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY
Route 2—Memorials of William Penn—19.1 m.
After a visit to the top of City Hall, with its stirring panorama of Penn’s now far-reaching city, this route
leads through colorful streets to the quieter precincts of the Library and the Historical Society of Pennsyl-
vania, rich in relics of Penn and other treasures of the past. It continues through a section of the city still
full of the charm of colonial days. It gives fascinating glimpses of old Philadelphia struggling with the tide
of the new. It shows where Penn landed on the Delaware River front in 1682, and the historic spot in Shacka-
maxon where he made his great trade and treaty with the Indians. It sweeps through a part of the city where
the houses in their varying architecture carry the mind down two centuries since the days of the Founder.
It includes a view of Penn’s first home in the ‘‘city of brotherly love,’? now standing on Lansdowne drive in
West Fairmount Park. After a short drive through West Park, the site of “the Centennial City,’’ it reaches
the heights occupied by Belmont Mansion, where may be had a view of Penn’s city that some one has said
is worth a journey across the continent to see.
By a final detour it makes possible the opportunity to see
‘“Wynnstay,’’ built in 1690, the home of Penn’s friend and physician Dr. Thomas Wynne.
ILLIAM PENN is the most cherished
figure in the annals of the Quaker City.
And Philadelphia itself, founded in 1682, is
an ineffaceable memorial to Penn’s foresee-
ing mind.
Starting from City Hall, Broad and Mar-
ket Streets (0.0), built on ground especially
set aside by Penn for public purposes, known
for many years as Centre Square, and now
as Penn Square, ascend first to tower-top and
view Calder’s heroic bronze statue of Penn,
and also the magnitude of the modern city.
Calder’s statue of Penn is facing towards
Pennsbury Manor, the palatial mansion
where the founder once lived. It also looks
in the direction of Shackamaxon, where
Penn made his treaty with the Indians.
When Penn and his people landed, there
were only twenty houses to be found in the
whole territory now Philadelphia. These
were occupied by the Dutch and the Swedes
who had previously settled the soil. There
were a few wigwams. From the Delaware
to the Schuylkill and from South Street to
Callowhill Street, the city exists today al-
most exactly as Penn planned it. The four
great “squares” of the old city—Franklin
Square (northeast), Washington Square
(southeast), Logan Square (northwest), and
Rittenhouse Square (southwest), are still
flourishing memorials of Penn’s sagacity.
Before leaving the City Hall, stop in the
Mayor’s reception room (second floor, north
corridor), and see the portraits of all the
Mayors of the city of Philadelphia, from
Penn’s first Mayor, Edward Shippen
(1701-02), down to the latest incumbents.
Crossing Chestnut Street (0.1), Walnut
Street (0.2), Locust Street (0.3), one is re-
minded that the botanical names of the
streets parallel with Market Street, north
and south, were all given by Penn.
Entering the building of the Philadelphia
Library Company, Locust and Juniper
Streets (0.3), we find, to the left, reverently
preserved, Penn’s secretary; and nearby
Penn’s clock. In a show case, to the right,
are two small alto-relievos, reproductions of
Sylvanus Bevan’s “real and true likeness”
of Penn. In a large wooden closet, on the
left, are the remains of an air-pump, sent
from England by John Penn in 1738.
At the Historical Society of Pennsylvania
(0.3), in the large -hall, to the right of the
main entrance room, on the wall, high in the
left corner, we find the famous original por-
trait of Penn in armor, painted in Ireland
from life, when Penn was twenty-two. It
is not generally known that Penn became a
soldier in Ireland; still less, that he became
a Quaker in Cork! The surrounding por-
traits of the Penn family are full of interest,
especially the portrait of Admiral Penn, who
dying said to his son William,—‘“‘Let noth-
ing in this world tempt you to wrong your
conscience.”
Passing through a narrow stairway to a
room on the second floor of the Historical
Society, one finds in the museum here notable
mementos of Penn. Here is the original
Wampum Belt given by the Indians to Penn
to seal the great treaty, and given to the
Historical Society by Penn’s great-grandson,
Granville John Penn, in 1857. Chairs used
by Penn and a small desk belonging to him
are among the treasures. Penn’s razor and
his hot-water can stir human interest. The
model of the Slate Roof House preserves the
MILEAGE ITINERARY
Route 2—Memorials of William Penn—19.1 m.
Driving time about 1 hr. 15 min. Two additional hours, or more, may be profitably spent in stops, includ-
ing City Hall, 30 min.; Philadelphia Library Company and Historical Society of Pennsylvania, 30 min.; Penn-
sylvania Hospital, 10 min.; Penn Treaty Park, 15 min.; Penn’s House, Lansdowne Drive, Fairmount Park,
20 min.; Belmont Mansion, 15 min. For full details see ‘‘Descriptive Itinerary.”
Mileage
0.0 PHILADELPHIA, City Hall, south side. Stop. Go east on South Penn Square.
0.0 Juniper St.; turn right.
0.3 Locust St. Stop and visit Philadelphia Library Company, northeast corner of Locust
and Juniper Sts.; walk to Historical Society of Pennsylvania, Locust and 13th Sts.,
southwest corner. Continue on Juniper St.
0.4 Spruce St.; turn left. At 8th St., 0.8; turn right.
0.9 Pine St.; turn right. Stop midway at Pennsylvania Hospital. Colonial houses oppo-
site; spire of St. Peter’s Church shows down Pine St.
PO ose turn ticht. Spruce ot., 1.1; turn right.
1.8 Delaware Ave.; turn left, and immediately left onto Dock St.
1.9 Front and Dock Sts., northwest corner, site and successor of original Blue Anchor Inn.
2.1 2nd St.; turn right, and immediately left on Walnut St. Stop. Walk back to old
Krider Gun Shop, northeast corner of 2nd and Walnut; walk north on Second St., east
side, to the corner of Sansom St., site of Slate Roof House; building now occupied by
Keystone Telephone Company. Tablet. Open strip south of this building (Moravian
St.), the so-called ‘‘ Wampum Strip,” or Indian Reservation. Continue on Walnut St. to
C2 ord ou turn right,
2.3 Chestnut St.; turn right.
2.4 Letitia St., between 2nd and Front; turn left; on the left, near Market St., southwest
corner of a small alley way, a large warehouse occupies the original site of the Letitia
or William Penn House.
2.5 Market St.; turn right.
2.6 Front St.; turn left (Delaware Ave. is a better roadway but misses the old houses).
2.7 Arch St., formerly Mulberry St. 2.8 Race St., formerly Sassafras St.
SUCCESSOR OF THE BLUE ANCHOR INN PENN TREATY MONUMENT—SHACKAMAXON
At Front and Dock Streets it stands near the spot where It commemorates the treaty with the Indians that was not
Penn first landed in 1682. ratified by oath and that was never broken.
35
DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY
Route 2—Memorials of William Penn—19.1 m.
appearance of the house in which Penn lived
on his second visit to Philadelphia in 1701.
The size of the lock and key of the original
house is properly impressive. The patent of
John Key for a lot in Race Street, presented
by Penn as a gift to “the first born” of Eng-
lish parentage in the city of Philadelphia, is
documentary evidence of the enterprise of
Philadelphia’s first real estate boomer.
Leaving the Historical Society, we turn
into Spruce Street (0.4), for its length to
the Delaware River front a succession of
quaint red and glazed brick houses, gable
roofs, and colonial doorways.
At Eighth and Spruce Streets (0.8), we
make a complete loop of the venerable Penn-
sylvania Hospital, encircling a region which
even in Franklin’s day was “far out of
town.” Through the main gate of the Hos-
pital, on Eighth Street, we may see on the
right of the driveway the overshadowing
branches of a lofty elm tree, full-fledged
b
THE CALDER STATUE OF PENN
As it looked before it mounted the heights of City Hall Tower.
36
scion of the “Treaty Elm,” once standing at
Shackamaxon.
Pine Street (0.9), we find, still breathes
the aristocratic air of colonial days. The
block between Eighth and Ninth Streets can-
not be matched anywhere in Philadelphia for
peace and charm. In this retired city spot,
midway on the picturesque lawn of the hos-
pital, stands a statue of Penn, broad-
brimmed and in Quaker garb; presented in
1804 by his grandson, John Penn, of Stoke
Pogis, England. The stumpy figure evokes
surprise, but Samuel Preston’s grandmother,
who was married in the presence of Penn,
“described him as rather short of stature,
but the handsomest, best-looking, lively gen-
tleman she had ever seen.”
At the foot of Spruce Street (1.8) the
sight of “the lordly Delaware” recalls the
ship “Welcome” from which Penn landed
at Chester in 1682. Penn came to Philadel-
phia in an open boat or barge the next day.
At the northwest corner of Front and
Dock Streets (1.9) stands the now disguised
Blue Anchor Inn (1.9), successor of the
original “Blue Anchor,” which stood at the
spot where Penn first landed when he came
up the Delaware from Chester.
Once a wandering creek, the present Dock
Street still winds its way towards Second
Street, where in Penn’s day the stream was
lost in the woods.
At the northeast corner of Second and
Walnut Streets (2.1) is the old Krider gun-
shop (2.1), built in 1751 by John Drinker.
The ground of this property was sold by
William Penn in 1684. On this spot in 1680
was born Edward Drinker, the first white
child born on Philadelphia soil.
Up Second Street from Walnut, on the
east side, we walk to Norris Alley (now
Sansom Street), where on ground now occu-
pied by the Keystone Telephone Company
(Tablet) stood the old Slate Roof House,
occupied by Penn with his family on his sec-
ond visit to Philadelphia in 1701. In the
Slate Roof House was born, one month
after Penn’s arrival, John Penn, known as
“the American,” the only American-born
member of the Penn family.
Retracing on Second Street, imagine Penn,
MILEAGE ITINERARY
Route 2—Memorials of William Penn—19.1 m.
ii
yest gees ry ie
PENN’S FIRST HOME IN AMERICA
Built in the present Letitia Street in 1682, in 1883 it was removed to Lansdowne Drive, West
; Fairmount Park.
Mileage
3.6 Laurel St.; turn right. 3.7 Delaware Ave.; turn left.
3.9 Keep to right on Beach St. with RR.
4.0 Columbia Ave. and Beach St., Penn Treaty Park. Stop. Hane left and continue on
E. Columbia Ave.
4.1 East Girard Ave.; turn left.
5.6 Cross Broad St.; City Hall tower and Penn Statue on left. At 6.2 pass gateway of
Girard College on right (See Route 22).
6.5 Bear right on Poplar St.
6.6 West College Ave.; turn right. 6.7 Girard Ave.; turn left.
7.2 Cross bridge over RR. At 7.4 bridge over Schuylkill River.
7.6 Turn left onto drive by Zoological Garden.
7.8 Solitude, former home of John Penn; seen through iron fence of Zoological Garden, on
right. Reversing here, at
8.0 Bear diagonally right through right-hand arch under RR. onto Lansdowne Drive.
8.1 William Penn House, called also the Letitia House, on left. Stop. Continue on
Lansdowne Drive down grade, then curve right up steep grade past Sweet Briar Man-
sion (See Route 19), onright at 8.4. Avoid left-hand road just beyond.
37
DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY
Route 2—Memorials of William Penn—19.1 m.
PENN’S RAZOR
One of many Penn relics at the Historical Society of
Pennsylvania.
broad-brimmed and _ stately, coming and
going along this street with wife and daugh-
ter, happy in hope for the future great city
he was founding, and solemnly meditating
the problems of the first proprietary gover-
nor. Writing from aboard his return ship,
the “Messenger,” on the third of September,
1701, Penn said to his secretary, James
Logan: ‘Thee may continue in the house I
lived in till the year is’up.” On reading
that sentence one seems to hear the voice
of Penn himself speaking, and to catch
across the centuries a distant but distinct
echo of the first “plain speech” of the early
Quaker city.
At the south side of the Keystone Tele-
phone Building is Moravian Street, once an
open tract of land, the so-called “Wampum
Strip,” set aside by one of Penn’s de-
scendants as an Indian reservation (2.1).
Letitia Street (2.4), a small thoroughfare
leading north from Chestnut Street between
Second and Front, still bears the name
of Penn’s daughter, to whom Penn, “1 mo.
29th, 1701,” deeded the block extending on
Market Street from Front to Second, and
halfway to Chestnut Street. James Logan,
writing to Letitia Penn in 1737, shows this
large city lot to have been “divided into
thirty smaller parts.”
On the west side of Letitia Street (2.4),
close to Market Street, near the paved pas-
sageway to the north of the big warehouse
now occupying this site, Penn built the
Letitia House; for better preservation re-
moved to Lansdowne Drive in West Fair-
mount Park in 1883. In this house Penn
dwelt when he first came to Philadelphia
38
in 1682. The open passageway marks an
“avenue,” once on the north side of Penn’s
house, by which carriages, entering at the
“Governor’s Gate” on Second Street, came
to the east front of the house, which faced
the river,
Emerging into Market Street (2.5) and
going north on Front (2.6), at every corner
one catches haunting glimpses of picturesque
old streets and their time-worn houses, some
now displaced by the new Delaware River
Bridge. Penn’s Mulberry Street is now
known as Arch Street (2.7). At No. 113
Arch Street stood the home of Thomas
Holme, Penn’s first Surveyor General, a tab-
let now marking the site. In Holme’s “Map
of the Province of Pennsylvania” is given
the names of the original purchasers from
William Penn in 1681. Penn’s Sassafras
Street, now Race Street (2.8), has also lost
its original name, but Poplar Street and
Laurel Street (3.6) preserve nominally at
least the fragrance of Penn’s “little green
towne.”
At Beach Street and Columbia Avenue
(4.0), we reach Penn Treaty Park, with its
modest weather-worn monument commemo-
rating the only treaty with the Indians “that
was not ratified by an oath and that was
never broken.” Here was the “scite” of the
famous treaty elm, blown down in 1810, al-
though it was twenty-four feet in circum-
ference. Here at Shackamaxon one should
recall West’s vivid picturization of the treaty
scene (See Route 15), and hear Penn say-
ing: ‘We meet on the broad pathway of
good faith and good will; no advantage
shall be taken on either side, but all shall
be openness and love. . . . We are the same
as if one man’s body was to be divided into
two parts; we are all one flesh and blood.”
Hear also the delighted Indians reply: “We
will live in love with Onas (Penn’s Indian
name) and his children as long as the creeks
and rivers run and while the sun, moon, and
stars endure.”
In returning (4.0), look down Beach
Street and catch sight of Penn on the sum-
mit of City Hall—a striking vista.
On the long ride out Girard Avenue,
crossing at Broad Street (5.6), one gets an-
MILEAGE ITINERARY
Route 2—Memorials of William Penn—19.1 m.
WILLIAM PENN, QUAKER WYNNSTAY—BUILT IN 1690
On the peaceful lawn of the Pennsylvania Hospital is the A landmark in modern Wynnefield. The original home of
statue given by Penn’s grandson in 1804. Dr. Thomas Wynne, Penn’s friend and physician.
Mileage
8.6 4-corners; straight through. Bear right at fork just beyond; then at cross-road keep
left. Memorial Hall on left. At 8.9 General Meade statue; 9.2 Japanese Garden
on right.
9.3 Dead end; turn right on Belmont Ave.
9.5 Turn right and just beyond turn left on Belmont Hill, up grade.
10.0 Belmont Mansion; magnificent view of city. Stop. Continue around Belmont
Mansion to
10.2 3-corners; curve left. At 4-corners, 10.3; turn right on Belmont Ave.
11) City Line Ave.; turn left. 11.9 52nd St.; turn left.
12.2 Woodbine Ave. and 52nd St., northeast corner, Wynnstay, 1690.
12.2. Woodbine Ave.; turn right. 12.4 54th St.; turn right.
12.7. No. 247 North 54th St., ““Wynnstay”’ (carved on gate).
12.8 City Line Ave.; turn left.
13.8 Turn left onto 63rd St.
14.2 Lancaster Ave. (diagonal street); turn left.
17.9 Market Street at 32nd St.; turn left.
19.1 City Hall, PHILADELPHIA.
yer agere cencemerem Et signmememeterstg ' AS as '
CxUE CERF Rhe FULT CTY T EGO GELE A | SERTERS SE ee FITHTT CCST EL EH GI SERDEC INES am EER: ro ag ai
pean nis 1 bd besteled TETLgeUUrsennexUONiTSGRstten A = tm nree saeueressetl 8
ore eRERE & onepgendnnc yenapins
Fi id
jacana ue i cent pies
THE FAMOUS WAMPUM BELT
Given to Penn by the Indians it was presented to the Historical Society of Pennsylvania by the founder’s
great-grandson in 1857.
39
DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY
Route 2—Memorials of William Penn—19.1 m.
other glimpse of Penn, solemnly guarding
his city. The architecture of the houses 02
Girard Avenue registers the changing decades
since the passing of Penn, the classic mag-
nificence of the fagade of Girard College (6.2)
marking an era in the city’s history (See
Route 22).
Entering Fairmount Park (7.2), we recall
that Penn first gave the name of “Faire
Mount” to what afterwards became the “Old
Park? AS early as 1/ 107M writers said:
“Fare Mount is a charming spot, shaded with
trees, on the river Schuylkill.”
Crossing Girard Avenue bridge (7.4) over
the Schuylkill River, beyond the entrance to
the Zoological Garden (7.6), from the out-
side, we may catch a glimpse of Solitude
(7.8), sometimes hidden in luxuriant foliage.
This house was built in 1785 by Penn’s
grandson, John Penn, who at one time owned
half the province of Pennsylvania, and after
the Revolution resided here on the banks of
PENN'S SECRETARY
40
the Schuylkill River (See Route 19). Soli-
tude was bought from Penn’s great-grand-
son, Granville John Penn, in 1852.
Returning to Girard Avenue and passing
through the right arch of the railroad bridge
(8.0), onto Lansdowne Drive, we soon reach,
on the left, William Penn’s House (8.1), the
crowning memorial of Penn in Philadelphia.
This was the first brick-house erected in
Philadelphia. Built in 1682, it was owned
and occupied by Penn, and finally given by
him to his daughter Letitia. Used as the
proprietary governor’s residence, the build-
ing is regarded as the first statehouse of
the Province of Pennsylvania. It was re-
moved to its present site in 1883.
One may continue from this point to Bel-
mont Mansion (10.0), to meditate or dine.
At Belmont lived Richard Peters, secretary
to Thomas Penn from «1/34 .iom1767 see
date stone in the end of the house shows it
was erected in) 1/45 by “I Woer ee
Route 5). One enthusiastic writer has said:
“The view from the hall door is worth a
journey across the continent. It is one un-
interrupted descending vista to the river,
greensward, woodland, sunlight and shadow,
holding and never wearying the gaze.”
At sight of the distant city one may
fitly repeat Penn’s farewell benediction, pro-
nounced as he sailed down the Delaware in
1684 :—
“And thou, Philadelphia, the virgin settle-
ment of this province, named before thou
wert born, what love, what care, what serv-
ice, and what travail has there been to bring
thee forth and preserve thee from such as
would abuse and defile thee! My soul prays
to God for thee, that thou mayest stand in
the day of trial, that thy children may be
blessed of the Lord, and thy people saved
by his power.”
Returning to the city, we pass at 52nd
Street and Woodbine Avenue, northeast cor-
ner (12.2), Wynnstay, first built in 1690 by
Dr. Thomas Wynne, friend and physician of
William Penn. The west end was built in
1700. Nearby, at No. 2471 North 54th Street
(12.7), is the old homestead of direct de-
scendants of Dr. Thomas Wynne, with
“Wynnstay” carved on the gate.
Route 3—The Founding and Founders of Germantown
SITE OF THE HOME OF THE FOUNDER OF GERMANTOWN
Once known as the Green Tree Tavern, No. 6019 Germantown Avenue was built in 1748 on the original
homestead grounds by the grandson of Francis Daniel Pastorius.
DOORWAY OF NO. 25 HIGH STREET A PASTORIUS HOME, 1796
Over the portal is Loi the ee motto of the original Built by a great grandson of the founder of Germantown.
omestead.
DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY
Route 3—The Founding and Founders of Germantown—19.9 m.
Rich in historical associations with both colonial and Revolutionary days Germantown even to be super-
ficially appreciated must be visited many times. To save bewilderment this route is confined to streets,
houses, and scenes associated with the founders and earliest settlers. Sites and relics of historic importance
not mentioned in this connection will be found referred to fully in subsequent itineraries. The concluding
section of this trip, including as it does the variegated beauties of the Wissahickon Valley, the picturesque
scenery of the East River Drive, and the stirring vista of the City Hall and Founder as seen from the outer
Parkway, presents a sharp contrast to the pictures of ancient streets and time-worn houses revealed at the
beginning—the journey at the start leading along old Front Street, throughout the length of Germantown
Road, and finally over Germantown’s famous old thoroughfare still known as Main Street.
ISTORIC Germantown to be properly Up Front Street, past numerous old brick
appreciated must be approached by the houses built by the first settlers, we make
road long travelled by its first founders and our way to the Indian path or trail that has
their descendants. In this way a new im-_ since become Germantown Road or Avenue
pression may be gained of that famous and (2.4). For the modern automobile parts of
aristocratic suburb of Philadelphia. this road are as rough as was the primitive
The beginnings of old Germantown road track over which the founders and early set-
are best reached by way of Front Street tlers labored and floundered, although Pas-
(1.2). On Front above Chestnut steep alley- torius in a spirit of optimism once wrote:
ways and deep descents to Water Street and “The path to Germantown has by frequent
the river front bring reminders of the caves going to and fro been so strongly beaten
dug in the river’s banks, where the first set- that a road has been formed.” Not until 1801,
tlers of Philadelphia lived while their houses however, was legislation passed that resulted
were being built. A curious document still in the organization of a turnpike company
exists, certifying that in 1683 “to our certain for the betterment and extension of this road,
knowledge Herman op den Graff, Dirk op which goes from Philadelphia through Ger-
den Graff, and Abraham op den Graff, as mantown to Chestnut Hill and far beyond
well as we ourselves, in the cave of Francis to Pottstown and Reading.
Daniel Pastorius, at Philadelphia, did cast The Neglee House at No. 4518 German-
lots for the respective lots which they and town Avenue (6.7) marks the beginning of
we then began to settle in Germantown.” ancient Germantown. Germantown Avenue
The cave of Pastorius was located several was originally Main Street. At first “in
blocks below Chestnut Street, at what is now length one mile or more,” Germantown grew
Front and Lombard Streets. When Pas- until it became a long, straggling village,
torius landed in 1683, he recorded that Phila- extending for nearly two miles along its main
delphia “consisted of three or four little cot- thoroughfare.
tages; all the residue being only weeds, un- Just beyond Wayne Junction, at the north-
derwood, timber, and trees.” Several times west corner of Apsley and Main Streets, high
he lost himself in travelling no farther than on Neglee’s Hill, stands with its pillared por-
from the waterside to Third and Chestnut. tico Loudoun (6.8), home of descendants of
On the garden wall of the Stanfield House James Logan, William Penn’s friend and
and Playground at No. 502 South Front confidential secretary. Built in 1801, Lou-
Street has recently been placed a bronze tab- doun is a specimen of an early American
let, reading: “Francis Daniel Pastorius built home (See Route 19), but the ground on
here in 1683, on a lot 102 feet front, a dugout, which it stands and surrounding it belonged
his first American home, in which, October to the Frankfort Company, and in the
25, 1683, the thirteen original settlers of original distribution of land, made in the
Germantown drew lots for their new homes. cave of Pastorius, was called Side Lot No. 2,
He placed over the door this inscription, ‘A falling by chance to Thones Kunder, one of
little house, but a friend to the good: keep the thirteen original settlers of Germantown.
away, ye profane,’ at which his guest, Wil- From Loudoun onward, ancient and
liam Penn, laughed.” notable houses are numerous in German-
42
MILEAGE ITINERARY
Route 3—The Founding and Founders of Germantown—19.9 m.
Driving time about 2 hr. 45 min. On this trip a couple of additional hours may easily be spent in inter-
esting stops, including Lower and Upper Burying Grounds, 30 min.; Friends’ Meeting House and Free Library,
25 min.; Pastorius houses, 20 min.; Mennonite Meeting House, 10 min.; Church of the Brethren, 10 min.;
St. Michael’s Church, 10 min.; Rittenhouse home and mill site, 15 min. For full details see ‘‘Descriptive
Itinerary.”
Mileage
0.0 PHILADELPHIA, City Hall, east side. Go east on Market St.
1.0 Second 5St.; turn right.
1.1 Chestnut St.; turn left. Pass on left Letitia St., where William Penn lived in 1683.
1.2 Front St.; turn left. Between Chestnut and Market observe steep steps leading to
Water St. and river embankment, where the earliest settlers dwelt in caves.
(The route up Delaware Avenue offers a better roadway but one misses the old houses and ancient side streets and alleys to
be seen along Front St.)
2.4 Germantown Road; turn left. 2.7 Cross Girard Ave. 4.7 Bear left.
5.6 Cross Broad St. at Erie Ave.
6.7. No. 4518 Germantown Ave. (Main St.), Neglee House (about 1750), marking the
beginning of ancient Germantown.
6.8 Apsley and Main Sts., northwest corner, Loudoun built on ‘Side Lot No. 2,’ belonging
(1683) to Thones Kunder, one of the thirteen original settlers of Germantown.
7.0 East Logan and Main Sts., northeast corner, Lower Germantown Burial Ground,
1693. Stop.
7.2 No. 5109 Main St., Thones Kunder’s House. Tablet. Stop.
THONES KUNDER’S HOUSE
From this home of one of the original settlers of Germantown came in 1688 the first public protest in
America against slavery.
43
DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY
Route 3—The Founding and Founders of Germantown—19.9 m.
town. Full information regarding these may
be obtained from the indispensable compila-
tion of Mr. Charles F. Jenkins, prepared for
the Germantown Site and Relic Society, “The
Guide Book to Historic Germantown.” The
present trip is confined to houses and places
associated with the earliest settlers.
At the northeast corner of East Logan
and Main Streets, we reach the Lower Ger-
mantown Burial Ground (7.0), last home of
the early founders and their descendants.
This graveyard was given to the borough of
Germantown in 1693 by Jan Streepers, whose
name connects him with one of the original
thirteen families that drew lots in the cave
of Pastorius. The oldest tombstone is dated
1707. Here may still be traced the names
of early settlers that came from Germany
and the Rhine provinces.
At No. 5109 Main Street is reached the
spot where Thones Kunder, original settler,
built his “first home beyond the mighty sea.”
Part of the north wall of the ancient house
now occupying this site is believed to be the
old wall of the original Kunder’s House
(7.2). Here were held the first meetings in
Germantown of the Society of Friends, From
members of this Meeting came in 1688 the
first public protest in America against slavery.
The paper was written by Francis Daniel
Pastorius, and signed by him and three others.
This spot is the birthplace of the abolition
movement in America. Thones Kunder
1738
KEYSER HOUSE,
Built by Dirck Keyser, a Mennonite founder of Germantown,
who came from Amsterdam in 1688.
died in 1729. Among his descendants is Sir
Samuel Cunard, founder of the Cunard
Steamship Line.
At No. 5253 Main Street we pass the site
of the home and printing plant of Christopher
Sower (7.4), the Dunkard elder. Here lived
later his distinguished but unfortunate son of
the same name, who in 1753 was made bishop
of the Church of the Brethren. On this spot
was printed, by the elder Sower, the first
American book in German type, a book of
hymns; here he began to issue the first Ger-
man newspaper in America; and, forty years
before an English Bible was printed in the
colonies, here also, in 1743, he issued the first
Bible in an European language printed in
America. Subsequent editions were pub-
lished by the son in 1763 and 1776. He also
printed here in 1770 the first book published
in America on the subject of education, the
school management of the pious Christopher
Dock. The house (hidden by store fronts)
now occupying this site, No. 5253, was built
in 1860 by Dr. Owen J. Wister and Sarah
Butler Wister, parents of Owen Wister, the
novelist, and here the family resided until
1870.
Passing No. 5300 Main Street, now the
parsonage of the Trinity Lutheran Church
(7.4), but once belonging to the Sower fam-
ily, we recall a tradition that in the cellar
of this building the Sowers made the first
type cast in America (1772-73).
On grounds in the rear of the north-
west corner of Coulter and Main Steets,
stands the Germantown Friends’ Meeting
House (7.6). The old log and stone meeting
houses have long since been replaced, but
the ground of the present old graveyard,
originally fifty acres, was conveyed to the
meeting by one of the early German Friends,
Jacob Shoemaker, in 1693.
In the graveyard, Pastorius, who died in
1719, is believed to be buried, although the
exact spot is not known. All the thirteen
original settlers of Germantown were Friends
or Mennonites.
Walk up the quiet, age-worn path with
its antique trees to visit, on the right, the
Free Library (7.6), under the care of Friends
of this Meeting. Here the memory of Pas-
MILEAGE ITINERARY
Route 3—The Founding and Founders of Germantown—19.9 m.
PASTORIUS MONUMENT, VERNON PARK LOWER BURYING GROUND, GERMANTOWN
Commemorates the original thirteen families that founded This ancient graveyard dates to 1693. Here may be traced
ermantown in 1683. the names of the earliest settlers.
Mileage
7.4 No. 5253 Main St. (childhood home of Owen Wister, 1860-1870), site of Christopher
Sower’s home and printery.
7.4 No. 5300 Main St., originally a Sower’s property where type was first cast in America.
7.6 Coulter and Main Sts., northwest corner, Germantown Friends’ Meeting House,
ground and grave-yard deeded 1693. Stop. Visit Free Library on right (facsimile of
“Protest against Slavery,” written in 1688 by Francis Daniel Pastorius, leader. of the
thirteen original settlers of Germantown).
7.7 Market Square (1703); Market Square Presbyterian Church, successor and occupying
site of the first German Reformed Church, founded here in 1733.
7.9 Vernon Park, Main St. above Chelten Ave. Stop. Monument to Francis Daniel
Pastorius and the original thirteen settlers of Germantown.
8.1 High St. Park and walk to No. 25 High St., built by great grandson of Pastorius 1796;
to the left and rear of No. 25 High St. is a remodeled building, originally an old Pas-
torius farmhouse. The Methodist Church occupies the site of the original homestead
of Francis Daniel Pastorius, taken down about 1872.
8.2 No. 6019 Main St., once the Green Tree Tavern, the home of Daniel and Sarah Pas-
torius (1748).
8.2 Walnut Lane and Main St., southwest corner, Wyck (1690), the oldest house in Ger-
mantown.
8.3 Main St., north of Herman St., Mennonite Meeting House.
8.4 No. 6205 Main St., Keyser House, 1738.
8.5 Main St. beyond Washington Lane, east side, Upper Burying Ground. Stop.
8.8 Upsal and Main Sts., northeast corner, the Billmeyer House, built about 1727.
8.9 No. 6613 Main St., Church of the Brethren, or Dunkards.
9.1 Phil-ellena and Main Sts., southeast corner, St. Michael’s Lutheran Church. Stop.
9.8 Allen Lane; turn left. A short distance above Allen Lane, east side, on the grounds
of the Lutheran Theological Seminary, may be seen the notable monument to Dr.
Henry Melchior Muhlenberg.
10.3 Lincoln Drive; turn left. 11.8 Gateway entrance to Fairmount Park.
45
DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY
Route 3—The Founding and Founders of Germantown—19.9 m.
torius is kept alive by a photographic fac-
simile of the “Protest Against Slavery.” The
original document was first uncovered in
1844 by the antiquarian Nathan Kite. It was
then published in a magazine called “The
Friend,” and evoked Whittier’s praise of Pas-
torius in the “Pennsylvania Pilgrim.”
Market Square (7.7), the midway point in
the ancient straggling German village that
extended for two miles along Main Street
to the Upper Burial Ground, is rich in Revo-
lutionary and other associations. Originally
an acre of ground was reserved from the
Frankfort Company’s land for a market place,
but it was not centrally located. In 1703-4
the present Market Square was purchased.
The Market Square Presbyterian Church
(7.7) has been Presbyterian in its organiza-
tion only since 1856; the present building is
the third erected on this site; but religious
worship has gone on in this historic spot for
nearly two hundred years, perpetuating the
piety of Pastorius and his early German co-
workers, who built a small church for the
use of all the people as early as 1686. The
original church building that stood on the
present site in Market Square was put up by
members of the German Reformed Church
in 1733. Count Zinzendorf, founder of the
Moravian Seminary now at Bethlehem,
preached here in 1741-42. Washington at-
tended services here, during his stay in
Germantown.
At Vernon Park (7.9), Main Street above
Chelten Avenue, is the monument to Francis
Daniel Pastorius and the original thirteen
settlers of Germantown. Designed by Albert
Jaegers to commemorate the 225th anniver-
sary of the founding of Germantown by
Francis Daniel Pastorius, the monument was
erected partly from funds collected by the
German-American Alliance and partly from
an appropriation from Congress.
A short walk to the right on High Street
brings us to No. 25 High Street (8.1), built
about 1796 by Daniel Pastorius, a great-
grandson of Francis Daniel Pastorius. Over
the doorway is carved the Latin motto,
Procul este profani, which once adorned the
doorway of the original Pastorius home.
This beautiful house once stood on Main
46
Street, next to a house at the southeast cor-
ner of Main and High, but was moved to the
north side when High Street was cut through.
Between it and No. 6019 Main Street, on
ground now occupied by the Methodist
Church, was the site of the original Pastorius
homestead (8.1), unfortunately torn down
about 1872. The stone of the old building
was used in building the rear wing of No. 25
High Street. In the rear of the High Street
house, almost adjoining the church, may be
seen a modernized building that was once an
old Pastorius farmhouse (8.1).
Returning to Main Street, one finds satis-
faction in viewing the beauty of No. 6019
Main Street, originally built in 1748 by
Daniel and Sarah Pastorius, and kept by them
until 1754 as the Green Tree Tavern (8.2).
Famous in Revolutionary and later times as
a resort for driving and sleighing parties from
the city, the house has been used in recent
years by the adjoining First Methodist
Church for varied religious and social meet-
ings. In this house, on the 6th of December,
1759, the Germantown Academy, at first
called the Union School, was founded.
At the southwest corner of Walnut Lane
and Main Street is to be seen the oldest house
in Germantown, known as Wyck (8.2). It
has never been sold, having passed from
owner to owner by inheritance, coming down
from the Jansen and the Wister families to
its present possessors, the Haines family.
Originally the present building was two
houses, with a driveway between, the older
portion going back to 1690, the year when
William Rittenhouse, grandfather of the
illustrious David Rittenhouse and famous as
the first paper maker in the colonies, arrived
in Germantown.
On Main Street, above Herman Street,
stands the Mennonite Meeting House (8.3),
where William Rittenhouse was the first
pastor of the congregation. Among the thir-
teen original settlers of Germantown some
were Mennonites or “German Friends,” and
by 1702 they had put up a little log meeting
house displaced in 1770 by the present build-
ing. In the adjoining graveyard the name of
Rittenhouse is conspicuous at the right.
At No. 6205 Main Street is another
MILEAGE ITINERARY
Route 3—The Founding and Founders of Germantown—19.9 m.
WYCK—THE OLDEST HOUSE IN GERMANTOWN, 1690
Coming to its owners by inheritance, this house that has never been sold has long been the inspira-
tion of architects for its beautiful setting in flowers and shade trees and shrubbery.
Mileage
12.4 Pass on left Rittenhouse Lane.
12.4 On right, below the driveway, Home of William Rittenhouse (birthplace of David
Rittenhouse), built 1707. Site of first paper mill in America, 1690. Stop.
13.8 Bear left under RR. bridge, leaving Wissahickon Drive.
13.9 Fork; bear left onto East River Drive, passing lake on left.
17.0 Pass Grant monument, on left.
18.2. Pass Lincoln monument, on left.
18.5 Bear right onto Pennsylvania Ave.
18.7. Turnright. Curve left at 18.9 into Parkway.
19.4 Curve right around Logan Circle.
19.9 City Hall, PHILADELPHIA.
47
DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY
Route 3—The Founding and Founders of Germantown—19.9 m.
memorial to the early Mennonite founders of
Germantown, a house built in 1738 by Dirck
Keyser (8.4), who came from Amsterdam
with his son, Peter Dirck Keyser, as early
as 1688. This is believed to be the first two-
story house erected in Germantown. One of
Dirck Keyser’s descendants, Dr. Naaman H.
Keyser, was a distinguished and life-long
student of Germantown history.
On the east side of Main Street, beyond
Washington Lane, above the Concord School,
we come to the Upper Burying Ground (8.5),
which marks the upper limit of ancient Ger-
mantown. Here rest many of the earliest
settlers and their descendants. Among the
thirteen original German immigrants that set-
tled Germantown was Reynier Tyson. In this
graveyard is the tombstone of Cornelius
Tyson, who died in 1716; said to be the old-
est existing tombstone to the memory of a
Dutchman or German in Pennsylvania.
At Upsal and Main Streets, northeast cor-
ner, is the Billmeyer House (8.8), mentioned
later (See Route 10) for its associations with
Washington and the Battle of Germantown.
Built about 1727, this house is an excellent
representative of a _ well-preserved early
colonial farmhouse, and a good example of
the progress made by the first generation of
early founders.
Beyond the limits of oldest Germantown,
at No. 6613 Main Street, stands the meeting
house of the Church of the Brethren (8.9),
or Dunkards, the front part of which was
erected in 1770. This church organization,
the mother congregation of this sect in Amer-
ica, goes) back#tesl/23..) Otuspecial mnterest
is the tablet in the meeting house, the gift
of a descendant, commemorating both Chris-
topher Sower (originally spelt Saur), who
was minister and bishop here, and his father
of the same name, who published the first
American quarto edition of the Bible. In
the loft of this building were stored some
sheets of the third edition of the Sower Bible
that were scattered by the British at the Battle
of Germantown, afterwards recovered, and
bound into complete Bibles for Sower’s
children.
Erected by St. Michael’s Lutheran Church
in 1740, the old house at No. 6669 Main
48
Street was in its early history a school, and
is the oldest school building in Germantown.
At the southeast corner of Main and Phil-
ellena Streets we reach St. Michael’s Luth-
eran Church (9.1), founded about 1737, the
scene of some of the divided labors of the
Rev. Henry Melchior Muhlenberg, well
known for his services both in Philadelphia
and in Germantown, as well as for founding
the famous old Lutheran Church at Trappe,
Pennsylvania. His son was the Revolution-
ary preacher patriot General John Peter
Gabriel Muhlenberg, ever memorable for
discarding his gown for a uniform and say-
ing, “There is a time to preach, and a time
to fight, and that time has now come.”
In the graveyard of St. Michael’s lies an-
other Revolutionary patriot, Christopher
Ludwig, famous as the first ginger-bread
baker in Philadelphia, and also as the “Baker
General” to the American army. Elaborate
as is the legend on his tombstone (a raised
slab to the left of the main path, just be-
yond the entrance), it does not half tell the
story of his patriotic life. Here, too, lie
many of the early settlers of Germantown.
On the east side of Main Street, just be-
yond Allen Lane, on the grounds of the
Lutheran Theological Seminary, may be seen
a noble monument to the Rev. Dr. Henry
Melchior Muhlenberg (9.8).
.By way of Allen Lane and the Lincoln
Drive (10.3), with its striking array of beau-
tiful modern homes, we finally reach, nearly
opposite Rittenhouse Lane, a modest and pic-
turesque little house, now below the level of
the drive, once the home of William Ritten-
house (12.4), illustrious as the ancestor of
David Rittenhouse, and memorable as the
first paper maker in America. William Rit-
tenhouse came to Germantown and set up his
mill in 1690; the house now standing was
built in 1707, marking for more than two cen-
turies the site of the first paper mill in Amer-
ica (12.4). Four mills in succession stood
near this house, the first one being washed
away by a freshet in 1701. A cluster of
houses stood until a few years ago near the
banks of the near-by Paper Mill Run, and
was known as Rittenhouse Town.
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INTERIOR OF OLD SWEDES’ CHURCH, 1700
Route 4—The Ancient Churches
CHRIST CHURCH—BUILT 1727—FOUNDED 1695
An architectural triumph in brick work in the colonial style, the first diocesan church of Pennsylvania
is pre-eminent also for its historic associations.
DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY
Route 4—The Ancient Churches—46.6 m.
Notable for traversing the whole length and breadth of the city to its outermost boundaries, this trip
to the ancient churches is full of scenic and historic charm. Beginning in the time-worn and crowded quarters
of the old city, the route carries one the length of the old Passyunk district, across the Schuylkill River, and,
by way of a section of the Cobb’s Creek Boulevard, to and through the beautiful suburban regions lying about
Merion; along the ever-charming Wissahickon drive to Germantown, and thence by way of the new Roose-
velt Boulevard to the upper stretches of Rising Sun Lane, ending with quaint old Trinity Church at Oxford.
Independent of its historic interest, which is great, it is a remarkable trip.
LDER than the nation itself, antedating
the Declaration of Independence by many
years, all the churches visited on this trip
have been in continuous service, with one or
two exceptions, from their foundation until
the present day.
Ten of the twenty-two churches included
in the following list were established more
than two centuries ago, and the oldest house
of worship in Pennsylvania, the Friends’
Meeting House at Merion, was built in 1695,
at a time when Merion was still a part of
Philadelphia County.
Merion Meeting House. Built 1695.
Founded 1682.
Old Swedes’ Church. Built 1700. Founded
1O77,
Trinity Church, Oxford. Built 1711.
Christ Church. Built 1727. Founded 1695.
St. Peter’s Church. Built 1758-61.
St. James Church, Kingsessing. Built 1760.
St ePaulsechurcr es Bultet7 le
St. Mary’s Roman Catholic Church. Built
1763. Enlarged 1810.
Old Pine” Street. Presbyterian” Church?
Built 1768.
St. George’s Methodist Episcopal Church.
Built 1769. Remodeled 1837.
Mennonite Meeting House, Germantown.
Built 1770. Founded 1708.
Church of the Brethren, Germantown.
Built in part 1770. Founded 1723.
Friends’ Arch Street Meeting House. Built
1804. First Friends’ Meeting at “Shack-
amaxon, 1682.
Twelfth Street Meeting House. Built 1812.
First Presbyterian Church. Built 1825.
Founded 1695.
St. Joseph’s Roman Catholic Church. Re-
built 1838. Founded 1733.
Germantown Friends’ Meeting House.
Built 1866. Founded 1683.
Market Square Presbyterian Church. Es-
tablished 1856. Founded 1733, as the Ger-
man Reformed Church.
St. Michael-Zion German Lutheran Church.
Built 1870. Founded 1742.
Second Presbyterian Church.
72. Founded 1743.
St. Michael’s Lutheran Church, German-
town. Rebuilt 1896. Founded 1730.
First Baptist Church. Built 1899. Founded
1695.
Beginning in the old Friends’ Meeting
House, Twelfth Street below Market (0.1),
where one breathes at once the atmosphere
of the pious Quaker founders, we finally
reach Trinity Church, Oxford (36.5), stand-
ing in a still sequestered suburb of the city,
where in picturesque surroundings, sheltered
by antique trees, Church of England services
have gone on unbroken throughout more
than two centuries. Following the order of
the “Mileage Itinerary,” arranged for con-
venience of access, the tourist who completes
this trip will enjoy some rare experiences,
scenic and historic.
The Friends’ Meeting House, No. 20 South
Twelfth Street (0.1), was built in 1812, and
the Monthly Meeting was set off from Arch
Street in 1814. The First-day morning at-
tendance in winter is large, numbering from
150 to 250. Until this year Mid-week Meet-
ing was attended by more than 300 older
boys from the William Penn Charter School,
now removed to Germantown. In summer
both Meetings are small. There are six re-
corded ministers and vocal service is fre-
quent. The interior is always open and
should be visited.
The First Baptist Church, Seventeenth
and Sansom Streets, southeast corner (0.7),
located in its present site in 1899, conveys
little suggestion of the early Baptist con-
gregation that met first in 1695 at the north-
west corner of Chestnut and Second Streets
Built 1869-
MILEAGE ITINERARY
Route 4—The Ancient Churches—46.6 m.
An all-day trip. It may be covered, however, in two afternoons by terminating the first section at Merion
Meeting House. Driving time for the full trip about 4 hrs. Additional time required will depend upon the
length of stops. A minimum of 3 hrs. should be allowed for stops, including at least 30 minutes each for the
more notable places, such as Christ’s Church, Old Swedes’ Church, and Trinity Church, Oxford. A unique
insight into the diversified religious life of the old Quaker City may be secured by attending services at each
of these old places of worship on occasional Sundays. Time of service will be found usually in the news-
papers. For full details see ‘‘Descriptive Itinerary.”
Mileage
0.0 PHILADELPHIA, City Hall, east side. Go east on Market St.
Oo on or atin Tight.
0.1 No. 20 South 12th St., Friends’ Twelfth Street Meeting House. Built 1812.
0.3 Walnut St.; turn right.
0.7 1/th St.; turn left. Stop; walk back north to 17th and Sansom Sts., southeast corner,
First Baptist Church. Built 1899. Founded 1695. Continue south on 17th St.
0.9 Spruce St.; turn left. 1.8 7th St.; turn left.
1.8 7th St. and Washington Square, First Presbyterian Church. Built 1825. Founded
1695. Stop. Continue left around Washington Square on 7th St.
2.4 Race St.; turn left and immediately right on Franklin St.
2.5 Franklin St. above Race, west side, St. Michael-Zion German Lutheran Church.
Built 1870. Founded 1742. Stop. Continue on Franklin St.
Pome ood ou. tum right. 2:9 4th St.: turn right.
FRIENDS’ ARCH STREET MEETING HOUSE
Stronghold of the Quakers in Philadelphia, this building, erected in 1804, succeeded “The Great Meeting
House” built at Second and Market Streets in 1695.
53
DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY
Route 4—The Ancient Churches—46.6 m.
in the Barbadoes-lot store, and afterwards,
in 1698, in Anthony Morris’s brew-house
under the bank of the river, near Dock
Creek. In 1707 the first Baptist congrega-
tion removed to Second Street below Mul-
berry Street, and since has occupied several
sites. The church maintains an historical
room open to visitors. In this church orig-
inated the Philadelphia Baptist Association,
1707; Brown University, 1764; and the
American Baptist Missionary Union, 1814.
In the side hallway are preserved the in-
scribed tombstones of some of the early
pastors, including that of the first minister
of the church, Rev. Morgan Evans, who be-
came the prime mover in founding the Bap-
tist College in Providence, Rhode Island,
now Brown University.
The First Presbyterian Church, Washing-
ton Square and Seventh Street, southeast
corner (1.8), was erected in 1825, but traces
its history to the humble Presbyterian con-
gregation formed as early as 1692 that joined
with the Baptists in meeting first in 1695 at
the northwest corner of Chestnut and Second
Streets, in the Barbadoes-lot store. In 1704
the congregation built the first Presbyterian
church in Market (High) Street, at the cor-
ner of White-horse Alley, now Bank Street,
and it was called the “Old Buttonwood” be-
cause of the trees about it. This building
after nearly a century was rebuilt in Grecian
style in 1794. The lofty Corinthian col-
umns in the old building on High Street
were used in constructing the stately por-
tico of the building now facing Washington
Square. In the unusually spacious and at-
tractive entrance hall of the church are va-
rious portraits, prints, and tablets, the latter
recording events in the history of the church
itself and of Presbyterianism. One lists the
ministers of the church from the days of
the Rev. Jedediah Andrews, Philadelphia’s
first Presbyterian clergyman, a graduate of
Harvard College. Another tells the story of
the growth of the Philadelphia Presbytery
and Synod, and of the relations of this
church to them and to the foundation of
Princeton College. The interior of the
church, with its antique pews, broad high
gallery, many-paned windows, lofty terraced
pulpit, and severe but beautiful simplicity,
is a living dream of olden days not to be
missed.
St. Michael-Zion German Lutheran
Church, Franklin Street above Race, west
side (2.5), is the direct successor of the old
Zion Lutheran Church, standing until 1870
at the southeast corner of Fourth and Cherry
Streets. Zion Church, dedicated in 1769,
burned in 1794, and rebuilt in 1796, was
built under authority of a charter granted
in 1765 by Richard Penn to the parent Ger-
man Lutheran Church in Philadelphia, St.
Michael’s, which stood on the west side of
Fifth Street south of Cherry. It was erected
in 1743, the outgrowth of German Lutheran
Congregations which assembled before 1742,
the year of the arrival in Philadelphia of the
Rev. Henry Melchior Muhlenberg, generally
regarded as the founder of the Evangelical
Lutheran Church in America.
Among other relics and portraits in the
vestry-room is an autograph letter of the
ministers of the German Lutheran Congre-
ST. MICHAEL-ZION GERMAN LUTHERAN
Built in 1870. Direct descendant of the first Evangelical
Lutheran Church in Philadelphia, founded 1743.
CHURCH
gations in Philadelphia addressed to George
Washington in 1789, congratulating him on
his accession to the presidency ; and the au-
tograph reply of Washington. Here also,
the gift of Dr. Julius Sachse, is the “Dead
March Monody,” performed in Zion Church,
MILEAGE ITINERARY
Route 4—The Ancient Churches—46.6 m.
Mileage
3.0
oak
oa
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
4.0
INTERIOR OF CHRIST CHURCH
Here in 1785 was founded the Protestant Episcopal Church of the United States.
4th St. below New, adjoining No. 227 North 4th St., St. George’s Methodist Episcopal
Church. Founded 1769. Remodeled 1837. Stop. On right, St. Augustine’s Roman
Catholic Church. 1796-1801. Rebuilt 1846.
4th and Cherry Sts., southeast corner, site of first Zion Lutheran Church. Dedicated
1769. Removed 1870. Here ‘‘Light-Horse Harry”’ Lee first proclaimed Washington:
“First in war, first in peace, first in the hearts of his countrymen.” (At 5thand Cherry,
southeast corner, may be seen the site of the parent German Lutheran Church, St.
Michael’s, built in 1743, taken down in 1874, and founded by a congregation organ-
ized 1742).
4th and Arch Sts., southeast corner; Friends’ Arch Street Meeting House. Built 1804.
Stop. (The First Friends’ Meeting at ‘Shackamaxon,”’ 1682).
Ath and Willing’s Alley (opposite No. 222 South 4th St.); stop; walk left on Willing’s
Alley, north side, to St. Joseph’s Roman Catholic Church. Rebuilt 1838. Founded 1733.
Opposite No. 261 South 4th St., St. Mary’s Roman Catholic Church; the original cathe-
dral church. Enlarged 1810. Founded 1763.
4th and Pine Sts., southwest corner, Old Pine Street Presbyterian Church. Built 1768.
Stop. Continue on 4th St. to
Lombard St.; turn left. 4.0 3rd St.; turn left.
3rd and Pine Sts., southwest corner, St. Peter’s Church. Founded 1758. Stop. Con-
tinue on 3rd St. to
Be
DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY
Route 4—The Ancient Churches—46.6 m.
Thursday, December 26, 1799, as part of the
music selected for funeral honors “to the
late illustrious chief” (See Route 8).
St. George’s Methodist Church, Fourth
below New Street, adjoining No. 227 North
Fourth Street (3.0), represents the earliest
Methodist congregation in Philadelphia,
which purchased a shell of a church on this
site November 23, 1769. In October, 1771,
Francis Asbury, the apostle of Methodism in
America, came from England to Philadel-
phia, sent by Wesley, and preached his first
sermon in America in St. George’s Church.
Mr. Asbury at first became pastor of this
church and later took the title of Bishop. In
this church was held Friday, March 23, 1770,
the first American “‘love-feast”; and, on No-
vember 4, 1771, the first American ‘‘watch-
night”; both features in the tradition and
practice of the Methodist Church. The first
‘Methodist Conference also was held here
July 14, 1773. St. George’s Church claims
to be the oldest existing Methodist Church
building in the world. One of the early pas-
tors of the church, Rev. John Dickens, who
died in 1798, was founder of the Methodist
Book Concern of the United States.
At the southeast corner of Fourth and
Cherry Streets (3.1), we pass the site of old
Zion Lutheran Church, already mentioned as
being first erected here in 1769, and rebuilt
in 1786. In this old church, notable for
its size in accommodating between two and
three thousand persons, gathered many dis-
tinguished officials and citizens to listen to
the celebrated funeral oration on George
Washington delivered by Henry Lee of Vir-
ginia. On this old corner at Fourth and
Cherry Streets in Philadelphia, in the funeral
oration of “Light-Horse Harry” Lee, Wash-
ington was first imperishably epitomized to
the world as “first in war, first in peace, and
first in the hearts of his countrymen.’ A
tablet should mark the spot.
The Friends’ Arch Street Meeting House,
Arch and Fourth Streets, southeast corner
(3.2), although not built until 1804, stands
on ground where the Society of Friends have
buried their dead from the foundation of
the city. It is the direct successor of “The
Great Meeting House” of the early Quakers,
built in 1695, which stood at the southwest
corner of Second and High Streets, on
grounds the gift of George Fox. This early
meeting house was replaced by a larger
building in 1755. The latter was displaced
in 1804 by the Arch Street Meeting House.
Previous to “The Great Meeting House,”
that is, in 1685, there were two meeting
houses of the Friends, one at Centre Square,
where the City Hall now stands, not long
used because too far “out of town” and the
other on the west side of Front Street above
Sassafras (afterwards Race Street), known
as the “Bank” Meeting House, which con-
tinued in use for a hundred years, being
taken down in 1789. Before any of these
buildings were erected, however, the first
Friends’ Meeting was held in 1682 at the
house of Thomas Fairman at Shackamaxon,
opposite the famous: Treaty Elm. At the
southwest corner of the grounds surround-
ing the Arch Street Meeting House ‘still
hovers the shade of William Penn. Here was
buried the wife of Governor Lloyd, the first
person ever interred in these grounds, and
Penn in appreciation of her character and
piety spoke at the grave.
At Fourth and Arch Streets is held the
Philadelphia Yearly Meeting of Friends, be-
ginning the last Second-day in the Third
month, at 10 A. M. Membership is for the
most part composed of Friends living in
Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware and
parts of Maryland. The membership of Phila-
delphia Yearly Meeting in 1924 was 4461.
Meetings are also held here on First-days and
Fifth-days at 10.30 o’clock. The Fifth-day
meetings are attended largely by business
men who are unable to attend the mid-week
sittings of their own Meetings, the attend-
ance averaging from 60 to 70.
St. Joseph’s Roman Catholic Church,
hidden away in Willing’s Alley, on the north
side, between Third and Fourth Streets (3.6),
is the oldest Catholic Church in Philadel-
phia. The present church building, half an-
cient and half modern in some of its aspects,
in reality is the fourth of its name. It was
built in 1838, but occupies the site of the first
church, founded in 1733. A picturesque iron
gate opens into an archway, beyond which
Route 4—The Ancient Churches—46.6 m.
THE FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH LRESPIRST BAPTIST CHURCH
Built in 1825. Founded in 1692. Built in 1899. Founded in 1695.
ane MICHAEL’S CHURGH, GERMANTOWN CHURCH OF THE BRETHREN, GERMANTOWN
Rebuilt in 1896. Founded in 1730. The oldest German First church of the Dunkards, founded in 1723. The building
Lutheran Congregation in Pennsylvania. put up in 1770 has recently been remodeled.
Sate JOSEPH’S ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH MIKVE ISRAEL SYNAGOGUE
Founded in i733. Rebuilt in 1838. The oldest Catholic Established at Broad and York in 1909. The oldest Jewish
Church in Philadelphia, congregation in Philadelphia, organized about 1747.
57
DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY
Route 4—The Ancient Churches—46.6 m.
ST. MARY’S ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH, 1763
Commodore Barry is buried in the churchyard of this his-
toric edifice, once the Cathedral Church of Philadelphia.
is a large square, paved courtyard. Opposite
the gate is the church, a modest brick build-
ing with long rounded stained glass windows.
Nearby is a bust of Father Barbelin and a
tablet to his memory. The house on the
right of the courtyard is used as a dwelling
by the priests. St. Joseph’s points with pride
to the fact that Lafayette, the Counts de
Rochambeau and De la Grasse, and many
of the gallant French officers who fought for
us during the Revolutionary War, have stood
within its walls. Washington, on May 27th,
1787, when he came to Philadelphia to at-
tend the Constitutional Convention, attended
divine service here and listened to a sermon
by Rev. Dr. Beeston. St. Joseph’s has wit-
nessed and shared in all the vicissitudes of
the Catholic Church since the days of its
foundation in 1732, when Father Greaton,
a solitary priest came here from Baltimore,
and in Quaker guise began his secret min-
istrations.
St. Mary’s Roman Catholic Church,
Fourth above Spruce (3.7), built in 1763 and
enlarged in 1810, was the second Catholic
church erected in Philadelphia. It became
the cathedral church when the first Catholic
Bishop of Philadelphia, Right Rev. Michael
Egan, was appointed. The interior of the
church is exceptionally attractive and the
stained glass windows are of rare beauty.
In the graveyard in the rear is the tomb of
Commodore Barry.
Old Pine Street Presbyterian Church,
Fourth and Pine Streets, southwest corner
(3.8), was built in 1768 on ground granted
by Thomas and Richard Penn, then “pro-
prietaries and governors of the Province of
Pennsylvania.” It is the only Presbyterian
edifice in Philadelphia preserved from the
colonial period. Here may be seen docu-
ments, prints, and portraits of genuine his-
toric interest, including a portrait of the
first pastor, the Rev. George Duffield, who
was Chaplain of the Continental Congress,
and Chaplain of all the Pennsylvania Militia
in the Revolution. Among the distinguished
communicants have been John Adams, Presi-
dent of the United States; Dr. Benjamin
Rush, signer of the Declaration of Independ-
ence; and Dr. William Shippen, Jr., first pro-
fessor of medicine in America, and director-
general of all hospitals during the Revolu-
tion. In the churchyard may be seen the
tombstone of William Hurrie, bell-ringer of
the State House, who probably rang the
Liberty Bell on the first Independence Day.
St. Peter’s Church, Third and Pine Streets,
Si AUGUSTINE'S ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH
Founded in 1796 and rebuilt in 1846.
MILEAGE ITINERARY
Route 4—The Ancient Churches—46.6 m.
ST. GEORGE’S METHODIST CHURCH, 1769
Sentiment for this oldest existing Methodist Church building in the world diverted the Delaware River
Bridge from the course first planned for it.
Mileage
4.2 Opposite No. 222-South 3rd St., below Walnut, St. Paul’s Church. Now used as the
Philadelphia Protestant Episcopal City Mission. Founded 1761. Stop. Continue
on 3rd St. to 4.6 Arch St.; turnright. 4.7 2nd St.; turn right.
4.8 2nd St. above Market, west side, Christ Church. Built 1727. Founded 1695. Stop.
Continue on 2nd St. to .
5.0 Chestnut St.; turn left. 5.1 Delaware Ave.; turn right.
6.1 Old Swedes’ Church, Swanson below Christian St., on right. For entrance continue to
6.2 Washington Ave.; turn right. 6.2 South Water St.; turn right.
6.3 South Water St., below Christian, east side. Entrance to Old Swedes’ Church. Built
1700. Founded 1685. Stop. Continue on South Water St. to
6.3 Christian St.; turn left.
6.8 5th St.; turn right, and immediately left onto Queen St.
6.9 Cross 6th St. and turn diagonally left onto Passyunk Ave. At 8.0 bear right.
9.8 Cross Passyunk Avenue Bridge over Schuylkill River, passing at 11.0 into 63rd St.
11.7. Woodland Ave.; turn left.
12.3 Woodland Ave., between 68th and 69th Sts., south side, St. James Church, Kingsessing.
Built 1760. Stop. Reverse at 12.3 on Woodland Ave. to
i335 «538th St. turn left.
59
DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY
Route 4—The Ancient Churches—46.6 m.
ST. PETER’S CHURCH, 1758-61
The beauty of the Third Street front of this historic build-
ing is often overlooked.
southeast corner (4.0), was dedicated in
1761. It was united with Christ Church
until 1832, sharing with that church its no-
table rectors, including the famous and
patriotic “Billy” White, afterwards the first
Episcopal Bishop in America. Here may
be seen portraits of Bishop White in pow-
dered wig, Rev. Dr. Smith, provost of the
Philadelphia College, in black gown graced
with the crimson stole of the Oxford grad-
uate, and the Rev. Jacob Duche, the first
clergyman, also in powdered wig peculiar to
the time. In the days of the Continental
Congress, and during his presidency, Wash-
ington frequently worshipped here, and his
pew is still pointed out.
high and square, and the whole interior calls
to mind the charm of by-gone days. In the
beautiful churchyard is a monument to Com-
modore Stephen Decatur.
St. Paul’s Church, Third Street below
Walnut (4.2), built in 1762, no longer used
for church services, is occupied by the Phila-
delphia Protestant Episcopal City Mission.
Edwin Forrest, a Philadelphian, and the
greatest tragedian of his time, is buried in
a tomb at the right on entrance. Stephen
Girard was married in this church, June 6,
Wii:
The pews are ,
Christ Church, on the west side of Second
Street above Market (4.8), foremost in its
historic associations with early Philadelphia,
built in 1727, is the third oldest church build-
ing in the city, being antedated by both Old
Swedes’ Church at Wicaco, and Trinity
Church, Oxford. A congregation of the
Church of England, however, established
itself in Philadelphia as early as 1695) A
church was built and finished in 1697, prob-
ably on the site of the present Christ Church,
but there is no doubt that the ground where
the church now stands was acquired for
church purposes in 1702. The present build-
ing was begun in 1727; gradually there was
built up under the direction of Dr. John
Kearsley, a lay architect, the magnificent
church building that was finally completed
in 1753-54 by the addition of the tower and
steeple, with its famous ring of chiming
bells. Without and within, the ancient pe-
culiarities of architecture of this revered old
church are well preserved. Memories of the
long-lived and venerable assistant and rector,
the Rev. William White, who after the Revo-
lution became Bishop of Pennsylvania, and
for forty years Senior Bishop of the United
States, hallow the place. The pew that
Washington occupied with his family during
his stay in Philadelphia as President is con-
ST. PAUL’S CHURCH, 1762
Here Stephen Girard was married and in the front yard is
the tomb of Edwin Forrest.
MILEAGE ITINERARY
Route 4—The Ancient Churches—46.6 m.
MENNONITE MEETING HOUSE, GERMANTOWN, 1770
William Rittenhouse was pastor of the log meeting house erected on the same spot in 1708.
Mileage
14.6 Turn diagonally left across Baltimore Ave. onto Cobb’s Creek Parkway, becoming at
Market St. 63rd St. 17.7 Lancaster Ave.; turn left.
18.1 City Line Ave.; turn right. 19.2 Old Lancaster Road; turn left.
20.6 Merion Meeting House. Built 1695. Eastablished 1682. Stop. Turn immediately
right on Meeting House Road.
21.3 Turn left on Levering Mill Road.
22.1 Belmont Ave.; turn right.
23.0 City Line Ave.; turn left, reservoir on right.
23.9 Cross bridge over Schuylkill River.
24.1 Fork at end of bridge; turn left.
24.3 Turn right under RR. bridge onto Wissahickon Drive. 25.5 Fork; bear right.
26.4 Pass through gate out of Fairmount Park. Continue on Lincoln Drive to
27.9 Allen Lane; turn right.
28.3 Germantown Ave. (Main St.); turn right. On the east side of Main St., opposite
Allen Lane, is the Lutheran Theological Seminary; memorial to Dr. Henry Melchior
Muhlenberg.
29.1 Phil-ellena and Main St., southeast corner, St. Michael’s Lutheran Church. Rebuilt
1896. Founded 1730. Stop.
29.2 No. 6613 Germantown Ave., north of Sharpnack St., Church of the Brethren, or Dun-
kards. Built in part 1770. Founded 1723. Stop.
—~61
DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY
Route 4—The Ancient Churches—46.6 m.
spicuous. In this church in 1785, a conven-
tion of churches representing seven States
resolved on the foundation of the Protestant
Episcopal Church of the United States. The
Rev. William White and the Rev. Samuel
Provoost were consecrated bishops by the
Archbishop of Canterbury and the Arch-
bishop of ‘York, ian1767, at" Lambeth) = [he
plot of ground at the southeast corner of
Fifth and Arch Streets where Franklin lies
buried, belongs to Christ Church, having
been purchased in 1719, and many eminent
men are there interred. Within the church,
however, and on the lot adjoining, many
notables rest in their family vaults, chief
among them being Robert Morris, patriot-
financier of the Revolution. In 1882 the re-
mains of Bishop White were transferred to
a tomb beneath the chancel of the church.
An endowment fund fortunately insures the
permanent preservation of this mother
church—hallowed to all churchmen, an
object of reverence to every patriotic Amer-
ican and still an active Christian force in
the community.
Venerable and venerated, Old Swedes’
Church (“Gloria Dei’), the entrance to
which ison South Water Street below Chris-
tian (6.1), is the oldest church building in
Philadelphia, having -been built in 1700.
Erected by the Swedes on the site of a pre-
vious blockhouse church, this building is a
memorial to services that have been con-
tinuous since Trinity Sunday, 1677, when the
Rev. Jacob Fabritius preached here his first
sermon as pastor of the Swedes and conse-
crated the old log fort to the service of God.
The last of the Swedish pastors was the
Rev. Dr. Nicholas Collin, who died in 1831,
in his eighty-seventh year, completing a pas-
torate of forty-five years and beloved by all.
Within the church and in the adjoining
graveyard are tablets and stones commem-
orating the lives of ministers and people who
worshipped here. Alexander Wilson, the
ornithologist, lies here among the dead, seek-
ing even in death “a silent, shady place
where birds would be apt to come and sing
over his grave.” Originally Swedish Luth-
eran, the Old Swedes’ Church passed under
the control of the Protestant Episcopal
Church in 1831 (5ee Routes bjs
St. James of Kingsessing, Woodland Ave-
nue at Sixty-eighth Street (12.3), is another
noble landmark of the early Swedish set-
tlers. Built in 1760, it was the second of
the three original Swedish Churches. Other
details regarding it will be found in Route 1.
The Merion Meeting House, old Lancaster
Road and Meeting House Lane (20.6), built
by the Welsh Friends in 1695, is the oldest
meeting house of the Society of Friends,
and the oldest place of religious worship in
Pennsylvania. One of the founders of this
most ancient of church buildings was Dr.
Thomas Wynne, Penn’s friend and physician,
who came over with him in the Welcome. The
wooden peg on which he used to hang his
hat may still be seen. Descendants who con-
tinue his name still sit at the head of this
well-cherished meeting. In this old build-
ing, picturesque without and within, the
voice of William Penn often broke the
silence of the meeting on First-day morning.
St. Michael’s Lutheran Church, southeast
corner of Main and Phil-ellena Streets, Ger-
mantown (29.1), founded about 1737, is the
oldest German Lutheran congregation in
Pennsylvania. The present church building
is the third to occupy the site, having been
erected in 1896. Here the distinguished Rev.
Henry Melchior Muhlenberg labored in 1742.
His eldest son was the celebrated General
John Peter Gabriel Muhlenberg, who found
time to fight as well as preach, and startled
his congregation by appearing in military
uniform covered by the minister’s gown,
which he stripped off at the close of his
patriotic sermon. This preacher-general
made finally such a record during the Revo-
lutionary War that he was afterwards elected
to high public offices, including that of
United States Senator. William A. Muhlen-
berg, a great grandson of the Lutheran
founder, became an Episcopal minister, and
was the author of the once popular hymn,
“T would not live alway.” In the graveyard,
to the left on entrance, is the tomb of Chris-
topher Ludwick, “Baker General’ to the Con-
tinental Army. Major Witherspoon (son of
the distinguished President of Princeton Col-
MILEAGE ITINERARY
Route 4—The Ancient Churches—46.6 m.
TRINITY CHURCH, OXFORD, 1711
In this parish church in a sequestered corner of old Philadelphia Church of England services have gone
Mileage
29.8
30.5
30.6
30.9
31.6
pag |
32.5
33.6
36.4
36.5
38.2
41.8
42.0
44.1
40.6
on unbroken for upwards of two centuries.
Germantown Ave., north of Herman St., east side, Mennonite Meeting House. Built
1770. Founded 1708. Stop.
Market Square Presbyterian Church (1856), opposite No. 5442 Germantown Ave.
Present building is the third building in succession to the German Reformed Church
first built on this site in 1733.
Coulter and Germantown Ave., northwest corner, Germantown Friends’ Meeting (con-
nected with the Arch Street Yearly Meeting); buildings modern; ground deeded 1693;
first organized 1683. Stop (See Route 3).
No. 5109 Germantown Ave., Thones Kunder’s House, first meeting place of the Society
of Friends in Germantown (See Route 3).
Wingohocking St.; turn left.
Cross Broad St.
Roosevelt Boulevard; turn left.
Rising Sun Ave.; turn left.
Church Lane; turn right.
Trinity Church, Oxford, Church Lane, between Rising Sun Ave. and Oxford Road.
Built 1711. Stop. 36.6 Oxford Road; turn right.
Right onto Roosevelt Boulevard.
Curve around circle, continuing on Boulevard.
Broad St.; turn left.
Mikve Israel Synagogue, Broad and York, S. E. corner. Built 1909. Founded 1747.
City Hall, PHILADELPHIA.
63
DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY
Route 4—The Ancient Churches—46.6 m.
BO
MARKET SQUARE CHURCH, GERMANTOWN
Established first as a Presbyterian Church in 1856, it began
as the German Reformed Church, 1733.
lege), killed in the Battle of Germantown,
is buried here.
The Church of the Brethren, or Dunkards,
at No. 6613 Main Street, above Sharpnack
Street, Germantown (29.2), notable as the
mother congregation of this sect in America,
began as a church organization in 1723,
although the front portion of the present
otherwise modern building dates back only
to 1770. Within the meeting house may be
seen a tablet to the memory of Christopher
Sower, the younger, at one time Bishop of
the Church of the Brethren, and to the mem-
ory of Christopher Sower, the father, famous
for publishing the first American quarto edi-
tion of the Bible in 1743. In the well-kept
graveyard lies Alexander Mack, founder of
the Dunkard Sect. .
The Mennonite Meeting House, on Main
Street above Herman Street, Germantown
(29.8), was built in 1770, the successor of
a little log meeting house built in 1708. In-
deed among the first thirteen German fam-
ilies that settled Germantown in 1683 some
were Friends and some were Mennonites.
The first pastor of the Mennonite congrega-
tion was William Rittenhouse, famous as the
first paper-maker in the colonies, and as the
ancestor of the distinguished David Ritten-
house. A tablet to his memory is at the right
on entrance to the church grounds. In the
surrounding graveyard are numerous tomb-
stones of exceptional interest.
The Market Square Presbyterian Church,
Market Square, Germantown (30.5), Presby-
teria in its organization only since 1856, is
the third building erected on the site of the
original German Reformed Church, built
here in 1733. Here Washington attended
services during his presidency, when in 1793
he resided temporarily in the Morris House,
No. 5442 Main Street, directly opposite.
The Germantown Friends’ Meeting House,
Coulter Street west of Germantown Avenue
(30.6), stands on land conveyed to the meet-
ing by one of the early German Friends,
Jacob Shoemaker, in 1693. The attendance
on First-day mornings is from 200 to 300.
There are five recorded ministers and fre-
quent vocal service from the body of the
Meeting. The first Meeting House was built
in 1686; the present Meeting House dates
from 1866. The earliest meetings of Friends
in Germantown were held at the house of
Thones Kunder as early as 1683. Francis
Daniel Pastorius, the leader of the thirteen
original settlers of Germantown, was prom-
inent in this Meeting, and is probably buried
in the adjoining graveyard, although the
grave is not marked (See Route 3).
On Church Road, between Rising Sun
Avenue and Oxford Road (36.5), still stands
Trinity Church, Oxford, erected in 1711.
A date stone on the front of the old church
records that Church of England services.
were held on this site as early as 1698 in a
log meeting house originally built by the
Oxford Society of Friends. The wings of
the church building as it now stands were
added in 1833, and the tower in 1875. In the
vestryroom are portraits, and two auto-
graph letters from the Rev. William Smith,
first Provost of the College of Philadelphia.
The surrounding churchyard bears ample
testimony to the antiquity of the place,
some tombstones dating back to 1708 and
1709, and showing the names of the birth-
places of these early English settlers, still
preserved in the nomenclature of the sur-
rounding region. The ground on which the
church stands was purchased from Tobias
and Hester Leech, whose tombstone is con-
spicuous in the surrounding graveyard.
Route 5—Some Early Colonial Homes
STENTON—BUILT BY JAMES LOGAN IN 1728
Most historic of early colonial country-seats, the home of Penn’s’ friend and confidential secretary is
possessed of rare charm and beauty.
DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY
Route 5—Some Early Colonial Homes—25.5 m.
This drive leads up busy Broad Street, across ancient Germantown, through the never-tiring delights
of the Wissahickon, in and around the rural roads of West Fairmount Park, and finally, after a detour to
Haverford, down the lively thoroughfares of modern West Philadelphia.
It is full of striking contrasts, all
heightened by vivid reminders of the simplicity of colonial days as emphasized by James Logan’s delightful
home at Stenton, John Bartram’s cherished garden in Kingsessing, and many interesting and notable inter-
vening places.
ARLY colonial houses in excellent pres-
ervation are still numerous in Phila-
delphia.
Going north on Broad Street and turning
left into Courtlandt Street (4.9), we reach
Stenton (5.3), the home of James Logan,
secretary and confidential friend of William
Penn. Built in 1728, Stenton is now owned
by the city and occupied as headquarters by
the Colonial Dames. The builder of this
delightful colonial home came to Philadel-
phia in 1699, and died in his seventy-seventh
year in 1751. He first lived in Penn’s old
Slate Roof House on Second Street above
Walnut. His whole life. was identified
officially with the Penn family and the pro-
prietary government. Scholar as well as
official, his fine collection of rare and val-
uable editions, classic and scientific, became
the foundation of the Loganian library, now
possessed by the Philadelphia Library Com-
pany. Scotch by ancestry, Irish by birth,
English colonial by adoption, Quaker by dis-
position, James Logan became progenitor of
a foremost American family. Stenton was
occupied by members of the Logan family
down to about 1876, the last private owner
being Gustavus Logan, grandson of Dr.
George Logan, who died in 1821.
Without and within Stenton still reflects
the enduring charm of early colonial days.
The visitor should walk around the great
square structure, with its pent roof, and attic,
and see first the old-fashioned flower garden,
still enchanting for its simple beauty.
Nearby are the stables, once connected with
the house by an underground passage, which
led to a secret staircase and a door under
the roof. Not far from the house may be
seen the old walled family burying-ground.
An embanked vault in this was once the out-
let of the secret underground passage lead-
ing from the house. Fine old oaks, pines
66
and hemlocks still adorn and guard the
grounds. The Wingohocking Creek, which
once meandered through Logan’s many-
acred plantation, has been swallowed up by
modern improvements.
Within Stenton much is to be seen of
stirring interest. The brick hall, the mag-
nificent double staircase, the lofty rooms cov-
ered with fine old-fashioned woodwork, the
high wainscoting, the beautiful chimney
places set round with blue and white sculp-
tured tiles with grotesque devices, the corner
cupboards, the cupboards in arched niches
over the mantelpieces, the finely lighted
spacious room on the second floor, used as
a library by the book-loving masters of the
place,—all conjure up the charm of perished
days. Family portraits, recently rehung on
the walls, ancestral furniture spread through
the rooms, books and letters of the first
James Logan—all add to the attractiveness
of this dignified reminder of early colonial
life. ;
Before leaving Stenton we remind our-
selves that here came the Indians for friendly
consultation, sometimes three or four hun-
dred strong, encamping on the grounds for
days; here Thomas Godfrey, glazier, en-
gaged on a routine every-day task, stumbled
upon and grasped the idea that led to his in-
vention of the quadrant; here Howe made
his headquarters before and after the Battle
of Germantown; here Washington had head-
quarters on his way to the Brandywine, and
in later peaceful days dined with the Logan
family ; here was born and lived Dr. George
Logan, James Logan’s grandson, United
States Senator from Pennsylvania from 1801
until 1807.
Turning into Germantown Avenue (Main
Street) (5.8), at No. 5261 Main Street (6.6),
we come upon another venerated memorial
of colonial days—the Wister House, built in
MILEAGE ITINERARY
Route 5—Some Early Colonial Homes—25.5 m.
Driving time about 2 hrs. 15 min. Stops of at least 30 minutes each should be made at Stenton, Bel-
mont, and Bartram’s Garden. For full details see ‘‘Descriptive Itinerary.”
Mileage
0.0 PHILADELPHIA, City Hall, north side. Go north on Broad St.
4.9 Courtland St.; turn left.
5.2 18th St.; turn right. Follow road at right into
5.3 Stenton, home of James Logan, built 1728. Stop. Reverse on 18th St. to
5.4 Courtland St.; turn right.
5.6 20th St.; turn left, and immediately right onto Wingohocking St., and immediately
right onto 5.8 Germantown Ave. (Main St.).
6.6 No. 5261 Main St., the Wister House, built 1744.
7.4 No. 6019 Main St., formerly the Green Tree Tavern, home of Daniel and Sarah Pas-
torius, built 1748. For illustration, see Route 3.
7.4 Walnut Lane; turn left.
8.3. Wissahickon Ave.; turn left down hill.
8.4 Lincoln Drive; turn right.
8.6 Home of William Rittenhouse (birthplace of David Rittenhouse), built 1707 (See
Routes 3 and 13).
WISTER HOUSE, GERMANTOWN, 1744
Remembered for its Revolutionary and other historic associations Grumblethorpe is also notable as the first
summer home of a Philadelphia family in Germantown.
67
DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY
Route 5—Some Early Colonial Homes—25.5 m.
ie
1 ee
ey
WOODFORD—BUILT BY WILLIAM COLEMAN, 1742
Here lived the man of whom Franklin said: “He had the coolest, clearest head, the best heart, and the
exactest morals of any man I ever met with.”
1744 by John Wister, founder of a family
conspicuous in the annals of Philadelphia.
This house is interesting as the first erected
in Germantown as a country-seat for a citi-
zen of Philadelphia, to be used only in the
summer season, a town-house and a country
house ever since being the highest ambition
as well as the highest reward of all aspiring
Philadelphians. For the Revolutionary asso-
ciations of the Wister House see Route 10.
Five generations of Wisters have occu-
pied this old house since John Wister,
founder of the family, born near Heidel-
berg, came a lad of eighteen to Philadel-
phia in 1727, on a ship with some four
hundred German emigrants. These emi-
grants gave grave concern to James Logan
and other members of the Provincial Council
of Pennsylvania, who required these alleged
religious refugees to take oath of allegiance
to the king, and promise fidelity to the pro-
prietor and obedience to the established con-
stitution. The Lieutenant-Governor at the
68
time declared that the Province “may be en-
dangered by such numbers of strangers
daily pouring in, who being ignorant of our
language and laws, and settling in a body to-
gether, make, as it were, a distinct people
from His Majesty’s subjects.”
Farther along on Germantown Avenue,
No. 6019 Main Street (7.4), we may inspect
another early colonial home, built in 1748.
This beautiful specimen of early architecture
was built by Daniel and Sarah Pastorius,
whose distinguished ancestor Francis Daniel
Pastorius, founder of Germantown, lived in
the original homestead that stood down to
about 1872 on the site of the adjoining
Methodist Church (See Route 3). Francis
Daniel Pastorius died in 1719, and some of
his descendants of the name of Pastorius
still live in Germantown. The Green Tree
Tavern (7.4), as the house was once known,
was kept by Daniel Pastorius as a public
house until his death in 1754.
A beautiful drive along the Wissahickon
MILEAGE ITINERARY
Route 5—Some Early Colonial Homes—25.5 m.
INTERIOR OF BELMONT MANSION, 1745
Connecting fireplace, doors, and windows in a definite architectural scheme, wood paneling was a beautiful
feature of an early colonial home.
Mileage
9.9 Cross under RR. bridge, leaving Wissahickon Drive.
10.0 ‘Turn left onto East River Drive.
PP Seeoeariert 1p hill.
12.2.5 lurn lett.
12.4 Woodford Mansion, on left, near York St. entrance to Fairmount Park. Beyond man-
sion take right fork, and continue on road curving left.
12.8 Cross trolley bridge over the Schuylkill River.
13.2 Left fork down hill.
13.5 Turn left on Speedway.
14.0 Bear left over bridge.
14.1 Turn left.
14.3 Belmont Mansion, built 1745. Stop; visit interior. Magnificent view of city. Con-
tinue to
14.7. Turn right. |
14.8 Straight ahead across Belmont Ave. (Turn right for detour).
Detour to Whitby New.—0.0 Belmont Ave.; turn right. 0.5 Conshohocken Road; turn left.
0.9 City Line Ave.; turn left. 1.5 Cross Old Lancaster Road. 2.6 Lancaster Pike; turn right.
6.2 On left, Old Buck Tavern (1735). Turn left onto Old Buck Lane. 6.6 Dead end; turn right onto
69
DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY
Route 5—Some Early Colonial Homes—25.5 m.
and the east bank of the Schuylkill River
brings us to Woodford, known also as the
Coleman Mansion, standing near the York
Street entrance to Fairmount Park (12.4).
William Coleman, who occupied Woodford,
was the first treasurer of the Philadelphia
Library Company, which grew out of Frank-
lin’s Junto. Beginning life as a merchant’s
clerk, he afterwards became one of the great
merchants of the time. Franklin said of
him: “He had the coolest, clearest head,
the best heart, and the exactest morals of
any man I ever met with.” The house was
built in 1742, and is the oldest mansion in
Fairmount Park. There is a casting in the
chimney with the family coat of arms and
the date. Here lived in Revolutionary days
the Franks family. In 1784 one of the mem-
bers of this family became bearer of the
ratified treaty of peace to England. Famed
for her beauty, wit, and wealth, Rebecca
Franks, one of the queens of the Mischianza,
married an officer of the British army.
Crossing the trolley bridge (12.8) over
the Schuylkill River, we reach
the high plateau on which Belmont Man-
sion (14.3) stands. These grounds were
bought in 1742 by William Peters, the
wealthy brother of the Rev. Dr. Richard
Peters, who is mentioned in a letter of James
Logan as early as 1735.
The date of the main outbuilding of
Belmont Mansion is fixed by a monogram
still visible, ““T. W. P., 1745,” cut on a slab
set in the wall; but the original small stone
house, with a bay on the southern end, was
ee)
q
WHITBY HALL—BUILT 1741
“Whitby New’’—Tunbridge Road, Haverford, 1923
shortly |
probably finished in 1743, for Richard
Peters, the son of the owner, was born there
in June, 1744. Young Richard Peters was
destined to become famous as a patriot, and
particularly as a Judge of the United States
District Court in Pennsylvania. Indeed
the Revolutionary and later history of Bel-
mont quite overshadows all its other associa-
tions (See Route 10). In 1867) Belmont
came into the possession of the city and since
then has been a Park restaurant.
Standing at the hall door of Belmont
(14.3), one should enjoy the uninterrupted
descending vista to the river, with its varie-
gation of greensward and woodland, sun-
light and shadow, which some one once said
was worth crossing the continent to see. It
should be remembered that Belmont was
originally a “colonial plantation,” of over
two hundred acres, beautiful in situation,
and embracing the island in the Schuyl-
kill River afterwards known as Peter’s
Island. Here went on the life of the typical
English colonist and official.
Within Belmont Mansion, observe the
broad hall, the small window-glass and
heavy sashes, the highly ornamented wooden
mantlepieces, the comfortable dining room,
open fireplaces, the coat-of-arms of the
family, and the other artistic devices on
the ceiling, representing musical instruments
of various kinds.
A detour from Belmont to Haverford is
quite worth while for a glimpse of Whitby
Hall, generally agreed to be as perfect a
specimen of colonial architecture as exists
anywhere in the neighborhood of Philadel-
phia. Built in 1741 by James Coultas, High
Sheriff of Philadelphia for the years 1755-
1758, Whitby Hall stood for more than a
hundred and eighty years in Philadelphia at
the northeast corner of Fifty-eighth and
Florence Street, but was taken down brick
by brick and removed to Haverford in 1922.
It is occupied by descendants of the family
of James Coultas and George Gray, in the
seventh generation. The interior is of rare
architectural beauty.
After a long and devious drive we pass
(19.4) the original site of Whitby Hall at
Fifty-eighth and Florence Streets. The
MILEAGE ITINERARY
Route 5—Some Early Colonial Homes—25.5 m.
JOHN BARTRAM’S HOME, KINGSESSING, 1731
Clothed with clinging ivy and climbing roses, this house of rough hewn stone, built by the first American
botanist, is for stateliness and rusticity unmatched in America.
Railroad Ave. 6.7 Fork; keep left on College Ave. 7.2 Cross bridge over Philadelphia and Western
Railway. 7.3 Tunbridge Road; turn right. Road curves to left. 7.4 Whitby New (second house on
left), Tunbridge Road, Haverford. Reverse on Tunbridge Road to starting point.
Mileage
15.1 On left English House, a remaining memorial of the Centennial Exposition, 1876.
15.3 Bear right, and immediately left, curving down hill.
15.6 Curve right onto 52nd St.
18.0 Baltimore Ave.; turn right.
18.7 58th St.; turn left.
19.4 Florence and 58th Sts., southeast corner, original site of Whitby Hall; built 1745;
removed 1922 to Haverford, Pa.
19.9 Woodland Ave.; turn left.
20.3 54th St.; turn right. .
20.6 Elmwood Ave.; turn left and immediately right across bridge to
20.7 Bartram’s Home and Garden, 1731. Stop. Reverse, turning left on Elmwood Ave.,
and immediately right onto 54th St.
21.1 Woodland Ave.; turn right.
22.2 43rd and Woodland Ave.; turn left.
22.9 Walnut St.; turn right.
23.6 36th St.; turn left.
23.7 Chestnut St.; turn right.
e5.2° Oth ot. turn left.
25.3 Market St.; turn right.
25.5 City Hall, PHILADELPHIA.
71
DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY
Route 5—Some Early Colonial Homes—25.5 m.
house stood at the end of Gray’s lane, on the
brow of a hill rising from the Ameasaka
Creek, once tributary to Cobb’s Creek.
Coultas’s saw-mill near Cobb’s Creek, his
ferry across the Schuylkill River, the farm-
lands that once made up his plantation, the
rough roads that he straightened, the ob-
structions to navigation in the Schuylkill
for the removal of which he labored, have all
disappeared. And now Whitby Hall has
been displaced, too.
Some idea of an English plantation in
colonial days may be deduced from this ad-
vertisement, which appeared in the Pennsyl-
vania Gazette for April 7, 1768: “On
Thursday, the 7th of April inst. at 9 o’clock
in the morning, at the plantation of the late
James Coultas’s, Esq., in Blockley, will be
sold. by public vendue, all the stock, car-
-riages and implements of husbandry, con-
sisting of horses, mares and colts, milch
cows, and store cattle, a very large bull, 20
fine sheep, some of the English breed, with
lambs; wagons, carts and geers, plows, har-
rows and slay; carpenter’s tools; a quantity
of wheelwright stuff, well-seasoned, and a
variety of very good household and kitchen
furniture, some plate, and many other things,
not particularly mentioned.” And then is
added a note: “To be sold at private sale
6 Negroes, viz., a Negro man, a cooper by
trade, a very good workman; his wife, a very
good house-wench, with one female child,
two years old; one other Negro woman, a
good house and dairy maid; likewise two
twins, a boy and a girl, ten years old, smart
lively children.”
Turning into Woodland Avenue (19.9),
and again into Fifty-fourth Street (20.3),
we complete this trip by visiting the pic-
turesque mansion (20.7) built in 1731 by
John Bartram, the first American botanist,
once called by Linnaeus “the greatest of nat-
ural botanists in the world.” The quaint
Bartram Home, built of hewn stone and mor-
tar, odd-fashioned in architecture but solid
and enduring, was the product of its owner’s
own hands. The date stone on the south
side of the house contains the names of
John and Ann Bartram. Over the front
window of the apartment used by Bartram
az
for his study, on a stone built into the wall,
is an inscription added in 1770, significant
for its declaration:
“Tis God alone, almighty Lord,
The holy One by me adored.”
Over the door of one of the nearby green-
houses Bartram once placed these lines:
“Slave to no sect, who takes no private road,
But looks through Nature up to Nature’s God.”
The original grounds of Bartram’s plan-
tation occupied six or seven acres. The gar-_
den which he laid out adjoining his house
sloped to the banks of the Schuylkill River.
There was once a fine prospect of the river
and of the rich meadows up and down on
both sides, with glimpses of the Delaware
at a distance. In the garden may still be
found trees, fruits, and plants gathered by
Bartram in his wide travels in his native
country.
John Bartram died in this old house Sep-
tember 22, 1777, just as the British were
advancing from the Brandywine. He was
born March 23, 1699, at Darby, then in
Chester County. Benjamin’ Franklin, in-
troducing Bartram to Jared Eliot in 1775,
wrote: “I believe you will find him to be at
least twenty folio pages, large paper, well-
filled, on the subjects of botany, fossils, hus-
bandry, and the first creation.” As early as
1729, James Logan, writing abroad for a
copy of Parkinson’s “Herbal,” said: “I
shall make it a present to a person worthier
of a heavier purse than fortune has yet al-
lowed him. John Bartram has a genius per-
fectly well turned for botany.” James Logan
thus we see was a friend and neighbor to
the farthest limits of early Philadelphia.
Visitors to Bartram’s early home in the
wilderness should take with them, if possible,
Hector St. John Crévecoeur’s Letters from an
American Farmer, and read on the spot the
famous letter. of a Russian gentleman de-
scribing the visit he paid to Bartram at the
request of 'Crevecoeur. _ Peter (Kalm>eine
Swedish traveller, a professor in the Univer-
sity of Aabo, Swedish Finland, in his Travels
in America, also tells of a visit here in 1748, |
giving a vivid and entertaining picture of
3artram and his home life (See Route 1).
Route 6—Relics and Reminders of the Indians
aygionee
;
i
i
‘|
‘
4
g
AN AMERICAN INDIAN CHIEF
ioe
Conspicuous in the collection of Indian relics and curios in the Old City Hall, Fifth and Chestnut
Streets, in this contemporary portrait by Charles Willson Peale.
DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY
Route 6—Relics and Reminders of the Indians—83.8 m.
For young and old alike this trip is a fascinating and remarkable set of experiences.
Beginning with
relics, books, pictures, and curios in museums, it extends to notable historic sites in the city, and finally stretches
far out into the happy hunting grounds of the country, reaching the burial ground of the great Indian chief,
Tamenend (Tammany), five miles from Doylestown, and the celebrated starting point of the famous
“Indian Walk” at Wrightstown.
The thirty mile drive back to the heart of Philadelphia leads uphill and
down dale, through wide stretches of beautiful open country, past growing towns and villages, by thriving
farms and wooded regions, along a great stretch of the Lincoln Highway, and, after completing the twelve miles
of the magnificent Roosevelt Boulevard, carries one through miles of crowded streets and close-built houses
back to the center of the white man’s civilization.
ELICS and reminders of the Indians
and the days of the wigwam are not
entirely lacking in and around Philadelphia.
Stop first at the Historical Society of
Pennsylvania (0.5) and see, in the museum
on the second floor, the famous wampum
belt given by the Indians to William Penn
when he made his celebrated treaty under
the elm tree at Shackamaxon. One of
Philadelphia’s greatest historic treasures,
this precious Indian relic was given to the
Historical Society in 1857 by Penn’s great-
grandson, Granville John Penn.
Across the street, at the Philadelphia
Library Company, Juniper and Locust (0.5),
in a case in the rear room, is displayed a
number of dignified folios, printed chiefly by
Benjamin Franklin, recording the “Minutes”
of various conferences with the Indians, held
at Lancaster and Easton from 1744 to 1762.
Notable is the manuscript “Minutes” of the
conferences, held at Easton in August, 1761,
with the chief sachems and warriors of the
Onondagoes, Oneidas, Mohickons, Tutelos,
Cayugas, Nanticokes, Delawares and Conoys.
A short walk north on Juniper Street from
Locust brings one to the narrow alley called
Chancellor Street, which leads on the left to
an open plot of ground adjoining the Ritz-
Carlton Hotel and the sidewalk of the Phila-
delphia Library. Tradition has long said
that this open plot was one of two Indian
reservations set aside by the Penn family.
Passing Independence Square at Walnut
and Fifth “Streets 5 (4i5))- recaliethareria
colonial days Indians came to the city in
large numbers and camped for weeks in the
State House Yard, a long row of sheds being
put up about 1759 for their accommodation.
If the trees in Independence Square had
tongues some of them could tell interesting
74
tales of these early Indians. Here a ter-
rified band of Indians finally fled for pro-
tection when the Paxton Boys in 1764 started
on their raid from Lancaster. On this
ground Washington in 1791 made treaties
with some of the great Indian chiefs,—with
Cornplanter in January, with Red Jacket in
March, and with Brant in June. There still
exists in Buffalo the silver medal presented
to Red Jacket as a token of affection, show-
ing on one side Washington in uniform hand-
ing the calumet to an Indian chief.
Remember on entering the old City Hall
at fifth and Chestnut Streets (1.6), used at
one time by the Supreme Court of the
United States, that here conferences with the
Indians also were held. Conspicuous in the
hallway on entrance is Benjamin» West’s
painting of “Penn’s Treaty with the Indians.”
Here also may be seen a section of the orig-
inal Treaty Elm under which Penn made his
treaty with the Indians at Kensington; a
portrait of Red Jacket; a portrait of an
American Indian Chief by Charles Willson
Peale; a good collection of arrow heads,
Indian axes, household implements, beads
and garments; a scalp stretcher; and other
Indian curios. Here too, and worthy of
special examination, is an Indian deed for
land signed in 1769 by representatives of the
Six Nations, showing the totem signatures.
In the rear of 145 South Second Street
(2.0), and on the south side of the Keystone
Telephone Building (which occupies the site
of the famous Slate Roof House, the resi-
dence of Penn on his second visit to Phila-
delphia), is an open plot of ground, called
Moravian Street, still celebrated as an In-
dian reservation set aside by John Penn,
grandson of William Penn, in 1755.
Passing through Dock Street from Second
MILEAGE ITINERARY
Route 6—Relics and Reminders of the Indians—83.8 m.
Driving time about 5 hrs. This is a most attractive all-day trip. Two additional hours’ may be spent
divided as follows: Historical Society of Pennsylvania, 10 min.; Philadelphia Library Company, 10 min.;
Reservations, 10 min.; old City Hall, 30 min.; Penn Treaty Park, 5 min.; Museum of Germantown Site and
Relic Society, 15 min.; Museum, Bucks County Historical Society, 30 min.; Chief Tammany’s burial ground,
5 min.; starting point of famous ‘Indian Walk,’’ Wrightstown, 5 min. Added time is required for dining
at Doylestown. For full details see ‘Descriptive Itinerary.”
Mileage
0.0 PHILADELPHIA, City Hall, east side. Go east on Market St.
Oreeei2th.ot- turn: nght.
0.4 Locust St.; turn right.
0.5 13th and Locust Sts., southwest corner, Historical Society of Pennsylvania. Stop.
Continue on Locust St.
0.5 Juniper and Locust Sts., Philadelphia Library Company. Stop. Walk north on Juniper
St. to narrow Chancellor St., then left to open tract in rear of Ritz-Carlton. Continue
left on Juniper St.
0.6 Spruce St.; turn left.
1235, tinot.: turn left.
1.6 Chestnut and 5th Sts., southwest corner, old City Hall. Stop on 5th St. Indian Rights
Association, Drexel Building, southeast corner, 5th and Chestnut Sts. Continue,
turning right on Chestnut St.
1.9 2nd St.; turn right.
2.0 145 South 2nd St., Keystone Telephone Building; railed open tract (south side and
rear), called Moravian St., is a reputed Indian reservation.
2.0 Dock St.; turn diagonally left.
2.2 Front and Dock Sts., northwest corner, successor and original site of Blue Anchor Inn.
2.2 Delaware Ave.; turn left.
3.5 Continue on Penn Boulevard (Delaware Avenue).
3.8 Pass Shackamaxon St., on left.
3.9 Bear right across Penn Boulevard into Beach St.
PENN TREATY PARK MONOLITH TO THE LENNI LENAPE INDIANS
Overshadowing the treaty elm at “Sachamexin,”’ where At Wrightstown, Pa., near the Quaker Meeting House, is
Indian sachems were wont to gather, is the new plant of the this monument marking the starting point of the Indian
Philadelphia Electric Company, “Walking Purchase.
75
‘ainyaid oy} UT dINSy JesjUId oY} SI ‘sfaryd UeIPUy oy} [][e JO Jsayeois ‘AuewIWIeT, “1S
se UMOUY MOU ‘pusuaweT ‘T]TeH{ AUD PiO ‘wNasnyy JeuoTeN 2} FO sainseat} sy} JO dU St Surjured snowey sysoA\ UlWefusg
«SNVIGNI HHL HLIM ALVAUL S.NNAd:,
Mileage
4.0
4.3
4.5
MILEAGE ITINERARY
Route 6—Relics and Reminders of the Indians—83.8 m.
Beach and Columbia Ave., Penn Treaty Park. Stop. Turn left onto Columbia Ave.,
and immediately left on Penn Boulevard.
Shackamaxon St.; turn right.
East Girard Ave.; turn left.
Germantown Ave.; turn right. Fork at 6.9; turn left.
York Road; turn right. Note the small triangular park at the intersection of German-
town Road and Rising Sun Avenue.
Wingohocking St.; turn square left.
Cross 18th St.; one block north, Stenton.
Germantown Ave.; right.
Market Square, Germantown.
Vernon Park, Museum of Germantown Site and Relic Society.
E. Haines St.; turn right. At 12.2 cross Stenton Ave.
Bear right, keeping on Haines St. Cross Broad St. at 13.2.
York Road; turn left. Fork at 14.9; bear left.
Fork at Jenkintown; keep left.
Willow Grove P. O.
Fork; bear left onto Doylestown Pike.
Horsham Meeting.
Cross Neshaminy Creek.
Cross stone bridge, turning immediately left.
Pass into Main St., Doylestown.
State St.; turn left. Fountain House, Ye Old Inn. Detour, after dining, to the Museum
of the Bucks County Historical Society. Continue on State St. at 31.7.
Fork; bear right on State Road to Chalfont.
National Farm School, on left.
Cross bridge.
New Britain P. O.
Cross R. R. at grade.
Cross county bridge.
Cross bridge over Neshaminy at Chalfont.
At line fence, on the right of State Road, walk across field down hill about 100 yards
to two trees near a winding streamlet, with a wooded ridge in background. Here is
the ground where lies buried Tamenend, or St. Tammany, the great Indian chief.
Reverse on State Road to
Turn right onto road leading over Spruce Hill.
Left on dirt roads. In bad weather, the return to Doylestown should be made by
continuing at 37.1 direct to Doylestown over the State Road.
Beautiful views on left.
Cross bridge over creek.
Cross R. R. at grade.
State Road to Doylestown; turn right.
Fountain House, Doylestown, on left.
Triple-fork; turn right on Maple Ave. to Buckingham.
Mechanics Valley P. O.
Fork; turn right into Buckingham.
Cross Old York Road; Gen. Greene Inn, on left; Buckingham P. O., on right. Jog
right and then left onto road to Wrightstown.
Cross R. R. at grade.
Bear right; past Pineville P. O., on right.
Anchor Hotel, on right. Jog right and then left.
77
DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY
Route 6—Relics and Reminders of the Indians—83.8 m.
to Front (2.1), we recall that in the days of
William Penn this was a winding stream
known as Dock Creek. Here Indians and
Swedes came to greet Penn when he first
arrived in the province and landed in 1682
near the site of the original “Blue Anchor
Inn,” the successor of which still stands at
the northwest corner of Front and Dock
Streets (2.4). The grandmother of Samuel
Preston has told how Penn endeared himself
to the Indians by walking with them, sitting
with them on the ground, eating with them
of their roasted acorns and hominy, and,
when they began to show how they could
hop and jump, by even springing up and
beating them all at running. Penn was
thirty-eight at this time and had been an
athlete at Oxford.
For convenience this trip is routed up
Delaware Avenue to Shackamaxon Street.
The journey up Front Street to Shacka-
maxon Street in a modern automobile is a
bit of rough riding, but is recommended as
still showing numerous old streets and old
houses full of reminders of the days of
Penn and the Indians.
“Shackamaxon” Street (3.8) not only pre-
serves an old Indian name but it leads to
the famous town or neighborhood in the
present Kensington where in the earliest days
the sachems or Indian chiefs were wont to
gather. At a Swedish court held Novem-
ber 12, 1678, Laurens Cock acknowledged a
deed of conveyance of 300 acres of land
lying “on the west side of Delaware River,
at the towne or neighborhood called and
known by the name of Sachamexin—the
whole dividend or quantity of land being of
late surveyed for the inhabitants of Sacha-
mexin in general, and containing 1800 acres.”
This conveyance shows the extent of the land
wherein the celebrated Treaty-tree of Penn
once stood.
At Beach Street and Columbia Avenue, in
Penn Treaty Park (4.0), we find a scion of
the famous Treaty Elm and the crude treaty
monument marking the spot where Penn and
the Indians formed their “League of friend-
ship.” Tamenend (Tamanen, Tamanee, St.
Tammany), greatest of all the Indian chiefs,
was the central figure in Penn’s treaty
78
with the Indians at Shackamaxon (See
Route 2).
Turning into Germantown Avenue (4.9),
we recall that some of Watson’s aged con-
temporaries “could well remember German-
town street as being an Indian footpath,
going through laurel bushes.” The annalist
himself tells of the great quantity of Indian
arrow heads, spears, and hatchets, still
ploughed up in the fields in his day. “I
have seen some in a heap of two hundred
together, in a circle of the size of a bushel.”
At the intersection of Germantown Road
and Rising Sun Avenue (7.3) is a small
triangular park, which helps to perpetuate
the name of the ancient village formerly at
this point, and to recall how Rising Sun was
given its name by two of the earliest settlers
whose friendliness with the Indians led to
the gift of this land.
Wingohocking Street (8.5) in name is an
interesting survival of Indian days. One
block north of this street, at Eighteenth
Street, is Stenton (See Route 5), the home
of James Logan, Penn’s secretary. . Here
Logan entertained the Indians many times in
large numbers. On one occasion when Chief
Wingohocking, according to Indian fashion,
offered to exchange names with him, Logan
diplomatically passed the compliment on to
Wingohocking Creek. Creek and Indians
have disappeared, but the name of Wingo-
hocking still lives on.
Market Square, Germantown (10.2), has
some notable associations with the Indians.
Here took place a successful conference be-
tween Benjamin Franklin, aided by other
citizens, and the famous Paxton Boys, sev-
eral hundred strong, who in their excitement
against Indian depredators marched upon
Philadelphia to do violence to the Indians
there. A weather vane of the old church that
stood in the market place is still preserved
riddled with bullet holes made by the Pax-
ton Boys for their own amusement.
In Vernon Park (10.5), on the west side
of Germantown Avenue, above Chelten Ave-
nue, stands the old Wister mansion, now
used as the historic Museum of the German-
town Site and Relic Society, where may be
seen the gaudy Indian carved in wood that
MILEAGE ITINERARY
Route 6—Relics and Reminders of the Indians—83.8 m.
BURIAL GROUND OF THE INDIAN CHIEF TAMENEND
”
The last resting place of “St. Tammany,” at Chalfont, five miles from Doylestown, has been rescued from
oblivion by the Bucks County Historical Society.
Mileage
53.4 Monolith to the Lenni Lenape Indians, marking the starting point of the famous
“Indian Walk,” adjoining Wrightstown Meeting House.
56.6 Curve right. 57.0 Turn left into Newtown.
57.1 State St., Newtown; turn right with trolley.
57.4 Newtown P. O.
57.9 Cross R. R. at grade.
60.9 Pass into Pine St., Langhorne. 61.2 Maple Ave.; turn right.
61.9 Fork; turn left for Lincoln Highway.
63.8 Sharp S-turn over R. R.
64.0 Turn left and immediately right onto Lincoln Highway.
64.3 Cross bridge over Neshaminy Creek.
66.5 Fork; keep right. At 66.7 cross bridge at City Limit.
68.8 Fork; keep left on Lincoln Highway.
71.2 Evergreen Farms Restaurant.
71.7 Cross bridge over Pennypack Creek.
75.4 Castor Circle. 79.2 Broad St.; turn left.
83.8 City Hall, PHILADELPHIA.
79
DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY
Route 6—Relics and Reminders of the Indians—83.8 m.
once crowned the summit of Indian Rock,
on the Wissahickon, about a mile beyond
Valley Green. This curious carving is said
to represent Tedyuscung, the notable Dela-
ware chief, who was the last of the Indian
chiefs to leave the shores of the Delaware.
Bow and spear in hand, a plume of eagle
feathers on his brow, he is stepping forth
upon his journey toward the setting sun.
Beyond Germantown the remainder of this
trip is a long but fascinating cross-country
drive, full of beauty and diversity of scen-
ery, and unique in its reminders of the
Indians.
On the way through Willow Grove (19.6)
to Doylestown (31.4) will be met sign-posts
heralding Doylestown as the location of the
grave of Tammany, the Lenape chief for
whom the Tammany society of New York
is named. But neither sign-posts nor printed
guides point the way. It is wise to dine
in Doylestown at the Fountain House
(1748), and then spend half an hour (de-
tour to South Pine Street, 0.4 mile), in the
remarkable Museum of the Bucks County
Historical Society. Here will be found a
stone marked: “To the memory of the cele-
brated Lenape Chieftain TAMENEND, once
owner of this and all land between Ne-
shaminy and Pennypack Creeks. These
stones are placed at this spot near which an
aged Indian called Tammany by the pioneers
of Bucks County was buried by white men
about the year 1750.” This stone has ap-
parently been “rescued” from its original
location. The burial ground of Tamenend,
or St. Tammany, already mentioned as the
greatest of the Indian chiefs who figured
in Penn’s treaty with the Indians at Shack-
amaxon, is five miles from Doylestown at
Chalfont, on the State road leading to
Norristown.
Leaving Doylestown (31.7), by way of
State Street, we cross the bridge’ over the
Neshaminy at Chalfont (36.5). A third of
a mile beyond the bridge (36.8), at a line
fence, on the right of the State road, we
stop and walk across the field down hill
about 100 yards to two trees near a winding
80
streamlet, with a wooded ridge in the back-
ground. Here is the burying ground of
Tamenend (36.8). No stone marks the
grave, for the exact site is unknown. But
the place has been identified and preserved
by the zeal of the intelligent officials of the
Bucks County Historical Society. The spot
is one of charm and beauty.
Back through Doylestown (43.2), by way
of Spruce Hill ridge with its beautiful
cross-country views, we speed for ten miles
on our way to Wrightstown (53.4). Here,
adjoining the Friends’ Meeting House, set
up by the Bucks County Historical Society,
is the impressive brown monolith to the
memory of the Lenni Lenape Indians (53.4),
marking the starting point of the famous
“Indian Walk.” turn lett:
26.7 23rd St.; turn left. 26.9 Chestnut St.; turn right.
27.4 16th St.; turn left.
27.5 Market St.; turn right.
27.6 City Hall, PHILADELPHIA.
155
DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY
Route 15—Benjamin West—The Quaker Artist—27.6 m.
his treaty, and doubtless was dressed in very
different fashion. One of the group of
Friends attendant on Penn in the painting
is a portrait of West’s grandfather. The
gigantic “treaty tree,” blown down in 1810,
is not represented in the painting, but was
well known to West, who refers to it in an
historic letter: “This tree, which was held
in highest veneration by the original inhab-
itants of my native country, by the first set-
tlers, and by their descendants, and to which
I well remember, about the year 1755, whena
boy, often resorting with my school-fellows.”
In Independence Hall nearby (1.3), in the
‘Banquet Hall, is preserved another specimen
of West’s artistic skill, a colorful portrait
of James Hamilton, long attributed to West’s
distinguished pupil, Matthew Pratt.
At the Pennsylvania Hospital (2.1), on
the first floor of the administrative building,
open to visitors and reached by the main
gateway on Eighth Street below Spruce, is
West’s masterpiece, “Christ Healing the
Sick,” painted especially for this institution.
Some thirty beds were established from sub-
scriptions received for viewing this picture.
It is West’s replica of his original belonging
to the Royal Academy at London. Haw-
thorne once said of this painting: “If Ben-
jamin West had done no other good deed
than this, yet it would have been enough to
entitle him to an honorable remembrance
forever.” Under glass in the corridor is a
life-like reproduction of West’s hand hold-
ing one of the original brushes that he used.
In the assembly hall on the first floor, east
wall, is an autograph letter by West.
Stopping at the Historical Society of
Pennsylvania (2.7), one may inspect the por-
traits of Mr. and Mrs. William Henry, Mrs.
Thomas Hopkinson, and Provost William
Smith, identified as “William Smith as St.
Ignatius,”—all important as early works of
Benjamin West, painted before his departure
for Europe and before he was twenty-one
years of age. The full-length portrait of
William Hamilton, of Woodlands, and his
niece, Ann Hamilton Lyle, is regarded by
some critics as the most beautiful canvas of
Benjamin West in Philadelphia. It hangs
over the fireplace in the great Hall.
Nowhere on either side of the Atlantic can
be found in single ownership so complete a
collection of souvenirs and relics of West as
is possessed by the Historical Society of
Pennsylvania. Besides other West portraits,
the Historical Society owns two sketch books
containing 110 drawings by West; the re-
ceipt for his funeral expenses in 1820 (£696) ;
some 300 letters in West’s handwriting, em-
bracing correspondence with royalty, noble-
men, and scientific men on both sides of the
Atlantic; West’s collection of autographs ;
and the West family Bible.
Going to the campus of Swarthmore Col-
lege (14.2), we find still standing the house
in which Benjamin West was born October
10, 1738. This home of West’s childhood
conjures up the days when the ambitious and
ingenious Quaker lad made paint brushes of
hair from a cat’s tail and mixed his colors
from pigments begged from the Indians.
Here too we recall how the proud Quaker
mother once bent over the artistic boy of
seven to kiss him for his prowess in putting
on paper the smiling baby face of his sister’s
sleeping child, and how years afterwards
West testified, “My mother’s kiss made me
an artist.”” Swarthmore College owns sev-
eral canvases by West and plans to use the
birthplace for its art department.
On Chester Road, adjoining Marple, is
the old Springfield Meeting House and
graveyard (16.9). The original building has
been replaced, but we may recall that here
once appeared Benjamin West’s father to
appeal for Quaker approval for young
West’s inspiration for art. The plea was so
eloquent and so ably seconded by Friend
Williamson, it is said, that the meeting en-
dorsed the young artist’s aspiration, the
women kissing the lad, the men laying their
hands on his head and praying for a bless-
ing on his life and work. West was sixteen
when this happened. At twenty-two he left
his native land for Europe, and lived to be-
come the greatest historical painter of his
age, as well as a founder and President of
the Royal Academy, succeeding Sir Joshua
Reynolds. He died in 1820 in London, and
was buried with great pomp in St. Paul’s
Cathedral.
156
Route 16—Old Schools and Schoolmasters
STAIRCASE TO THE DORMITORY TERRACE—UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA, 1925
The College Building Dormitories and Charity Schoo
THE ORIGINAL COLLEGE BUILDING, 1740
At Fourth and Arch Streets stood the institution from which the University of Pennsylvania ultimate!y
sprang. The building at the right is a dormitory of 1762.
DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY
Route 16—Old Schools and Schoolmasters—27.1 m.
No one should fail to enjoy a visit to the old educational institutions of Philadelphia. With the exception
of the Germantown Academy, founded in 1760, all the old schools have outgrown and outlived their original
sites and their original buildings.
But each school has some historic treasures of exceptional interest—
paintings, books, or relics relating to distinguished students or to faculty. In this trip opportunity is given to
identify all the important buildings of the University of Pennsylvania, which should be inspected in detail
later at leisure. As a mere outing this route is unique.
[2 every section of Philadelphia is found
ample evidence of the progress of public
and private education since the birth of the
nation. First begun in 1818, the public
school system has shown remarkable growth
and development. The present trip, how-
ever, is confined exclusively to the oldest
representative educational institutions of the
city.
The first building of the Philadelphia
Central High School, a public school founded
by act of Legislature in 1836, stood from
1838 until 1854 on Juniper Street above
Chestnut (0.0), and faced Penn Square, on
a site now included in the Wanamaker Store.
The first president of the Central High
School was Alexander Dallas Bache, great-
grandson of Benjamin Franklin; the first
name on the student-roll of the school is that
of William M. Abbey, father of the distin-
guished artist, Edwin A. Abbey.
On Twelfth Street below Market, adjoin-
ing the Friends’ Meeting House, is the build-
ing erected in 1874 for the William Penn
Charter School (0.3), in continuous exist-
ence since its founding in 1689. Penn
Charter removed to a suburban location on
School Lane, Germantown, in September,
1925.
At the northeast corner of Fourth and
Arch Streets (1.2) still stands the provost’s
house, occupied by the enterprising Dr.
William Smith, first head (1754) of the
“Academy and College of Philadelphia,”
founded by Franklin, and later developed
into the University of Pennsylvania.
On Fourth Street below Arch, west side,
on a site approached by a narrow way ad-
joining No. 62 North Fourth Street (1.3),
stood the building originally built in 1740
for the famous evangelist Whitefield, and de-
signed “for public worship and a charity
school.” Here in 1751 was formally opened
the city academy and charitable school, sug-
gested by Franklin in his famous pamphlet,
“Proposals relating to the Education of
Youth in Pennsylvania,” and for the estab-
lishment and support of which Franklin
raised large subscriptions.
In 1754 this institution was enlarged and
named “The College, Academy, and Char-
itable School of Philadelphia.” In 1779, by
annulment of its charter and confiscation of
its property, the “college” became “the uni-
versity.” In 1789 the legislature restored
the franchises of the College of Philadelphia,
which was revived and reorganized as a sepa-
rate institution, but in two years, by act of
Legislature, September 30, 1791, the college
and the new university were reunited, and
thereafter known as the University of Penn-
sylvania. A manuscript letter of Richard
Peters of 1753 speaks of the academy having
sixty-five boys from the neighboring col-
onies. Francis Hopkinson, a signer of the
Declaration of Independence, and Dr. John
Morgan, founder of the first medical school
in the United States, were in the first grad-
uating class, 1757. Charles Thomson, first
Secretary of Congress, was an early teacher
in the academy. A tablet on the north wall
of the alley marks the site.
At Ninth and Market Streets, southwest
corner (1.8), we pass the site of the Univer-
sity of Pennsylvania from 1802 until 1872,
when the university was removed to its
present location in West Philadelphia. In
1800 the university bought the so-called
“President’s house,” which stood in Ninth
Street below Market and was offered to
Washington as a residence during his presi-
dency. This building was occupied from
1802 until 1829.
At Broad and Vine Streets, northeast
corner (2.7), is the first Catholic High
School for Boys; established in 1886,
through the munificence of Thomas E.
Cahill.
158
MILEAGE ITINERARY
Route 16—Old Schools and Schoolmasters—27.1 m.
Driving time about 3 hrs. Two additional hours can be profitably spent in stops. The division of the
additional time will be determined largely by one’s personal interests. Opportunity should be taken on this
trip to inspect the University Museum and its celebrated Babylonian collection. For full details see ‘‘Descrip-
tive Itinerary.”
M.:leage
0.0 PHILADELPHIA, City Hall, south side. Go east on South Penn Square.
0.0 Juniper St.; turn right. The Wanamaker Store, facing upon Penn Square, includes the
site of the first Philadelphia Central High School building, 1838-1854.
Pdmenrectnutot.; turn left. 0.1 13th st.; turn left.
0.2 Market St.;turnright. 0.2 12th St.; turn right.
0.3 No. 8 South 12th St., from 1874 to 1925 occupied by the William Penn Charter School
(1689), now removed to Germantown.
0.3 Chestnut St.; turn left. 0.4 11th St.; turn left. 0.7 Arch St.; turn right.
1.2 Fifth and Arch Sts., southeast corner; grave of Franklin, founder of the University of
Pennsylvania.
1.2 4th and Arch Sts., northeast corner, home of Dr. William Smith. Turn right on 4th St.
1.3 No. 62 North 4th St., tablet on north wall of alley way, marking site of the Philadel-
phia Academy and College, afterwards the University of Pennsylvania.
1.4 Market St.; turn right.
1.8 9th and Market Sts., southwest corner (U.S. Post-office), site of University of Penn-
sylvania, 1802-1872.
Pees beawticnt around City Hallto 2.3 Broad’St.: turn right.
“PRESIDENTIAL MANSION’—USED BY THE UNIVERSITY, 1802-1829
It stood on Ninth below Market adjoining other buildings of the University of Pennsylvania, which occu-
pied this site until 1872.
159
DESCRIPTIVE
ITINERARY
Route 16—Old Schools and Schoolmasters—27.1 m.
At the southeast corner of Broad and
Green Streets stands the second building of
the Philadelphia Central High School (3.0),
opened in 1854; now used as an annex to the
third building (3.1), at the southwest cor-
ner, occupied in 1900.
Founded in 1836, the Philadelphia Cen-
tral High School was the first free public
high school established outside of New Eng-
land. In the thought of the founders this
school was intended to be not a public high
school as we now know and use the term,
but a public school for higher education, the
legislature in 1849 endowing the Board of
Public Education with the power to confer
academic degrees in the arts upon the grad-
uates of the school, and with all the rights
and privileges to confer degrees that are
enjoyed by the University of Pennsylvania.
In the Alumni Memorial Library on the first
floor may be seen portraits and pictures and
other mementos of a remarkable number
of distinguished graduates, notable among
whom were Frank R. Stockton, the novelist,
and Elihu Thompson, scientist and inventor.
In the Assembly Room, second floor, west
side, are the Steel Memorial Window and the
great pipe organ, the gift of Mr. William L.
Austin. Here also is a portrait of Alexander
Dallas Bache. In the president’s office is a
visitors’ book, noteworthy for autographs
of distinguished persons who have visited
and inspected the school since 1840, includ-
ing that of Thackeray.
On School Lane, Germantown (11.1), is
the new suburban site of the William Penn
Charter School, founded 1689.
First chartered by Penn in 1701, this old
Friends’ Academy is still administered under
Penn’s third charter, granted in 1711 in the
name of “The Overseers of the Public School
founded in Philadelphia, at the request, cost,
and charges of the People of God called
Quakers.” The first school building stood
in Fourth Street below Chestnut for more
than a century (1745-1867). Among the
early distinguished masters was Robert
Proud, the first historian of Pennsylvania,
and Charles Thomson, afterwards the first
Secretary of Congress. Thomas Makin, the
second principal of the school, was granted
the first teacher’s license in the State of
Pennsylvania, for the assembly which met
August 1, 1693, declared “that he must not
keep school without a license,” and directed
that he must “procure a certificate of his
ability, learning and diligence from the in-
habitants of note in this town by the six-
teenth instant, in order to the obtaining of
a license, which he promised to do.”
At the southwest corner of School Lane
and Green Street (12.0), one square west of
Germantown Avenue, in its original build-
ings on its original site, stands the German-
town Academy, founded April 21, 1760.
A part of the original weather vane, a
crown represented on the royal insignia of
England, still stands on the main building.
The spire is pierced with bullets. In the
belfry is the bell that came over in the
famous tea-ship Polly, but was denied land-
ing with the other cargo, and so was not
put in place until after the Revolutionary
War. After the Battle of Germantown the
schoolhouse was used as a hospital for the
wounded, and in 1798, during the plague of
yellow fever in Philadelphia, the Banks of
North America and of Pennsylvania took
refuge in the Academy building. A relic
treasured by the school is the telescope used
by Washington at the battle of Germantown.
Excepting a brief period during the Revo-
lutionary War, this school has been in con-
tinuous existence in the same building from
its founding to the present day, most of the
notable families of Germantown having been
represented in the school either as trustees
or as scholars. Notable among the early
masters was Pelatiah Webster, a graduate of
Yale College, whose remarkable “Disserta-
tion on the Political Union of the Thirteen
States of North America,” published in 1783,
was used and followed by the framers of the
Constitution of the United States, so that
some historians now claim he may be justly
called the inventor of our form of govern-
ment. Bronson Alcott, father of Lotiisa M.
Alcott, was also a master here. At No. 130
West School Lane, immediately adjoining
the Academy, and now used for the primary
department, is the home of David J. Dove
(12.0), built by him about 1766. Dove was
160
Route 16—Old Schools and Schoolmasters—27.1 m.
QUAKER ACADEMY, 1745-1867
A tablet on the Forrest Building, No. 119 South Fourth Street, marks the site of the precursor of the
present William Penn Charter School.
WILLIAM PENN CHARTER SCHOOL—FOUNDED 1689
In continuous existence over two centuries, this old institution is beginning a new era in its new suburban
home on School Lane, Germantown.
161
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ty |
3.0
Si
Sek
3.4
3.9
4.2
4.5
8.6
8.9
10.4
10.8
Bist
12.0
12.1
MILEAGE ITINERARY
Route 16—Old Schools and Schoolmasters—27.1 m.
GERMANTOWN ACADEMY—FOUNDED 1760
The only old school in Philadelphia that still occupies its original site and original buildings.
Vine St. and Broad, northeast corner, first Catholic High School for Boys, 1886.
Broad and Green Sts.; reverse to
Philadelphia Central High School; occupied 1900. Stop. Directly opposite, southeast
corner, Broad and Green Sts., is the second Central High School building, erected 1854.
Spring Garden St.; turn right.
Pass Philadelphia High School for Girls, 17th and Spring Garden Sts.
23rd and Spring Garden Sts.; turn diagonally right onto Pennsylvania Ave.
Turn left onto East River Drive.
Fork at Lincoln Monument; bear left along Schuylkill River.
Fork; bear right, leaving river; lake and reservoir on right.
Pass under R. R. bridge onto Wissahickon Drive.
Rittenhouse Lane; turn right. 10.6 Wissahickon Ave.; turn right.
School Lane; turn right.
Entrance to new William Penn Charter School; first opened here September, 1925.
Stop. Reverse on School Lane to
Greene St. and School Lane, southwest corner, Germantown Academy; founded 1760.
Stop. Adjoining the Academy, No. 130 West School Lane, is the home of David J.
Dove, built about 1766.
Germantown Ave. (Main St.); turn left.
163
DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY
Route 16—Old Schools and Schoolmasters—27.1 m.
© Aerograph by Aero Service Corporation
UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA FROM THE AIR
At the left is Woodland Avenue bounding the Dormitories.
Franklin Field is conspicuous in the upper
centre.
a teacher of languages in the Academy and
notable in the politics of the day.
At No. 6019 Germantown Avenue we pass
the old Green Tree Tavern (12.6), which in
1759 was the home of Daniel Mackinett,
where on December 6 was held the meeting
that resulted in the founding of the present
Germantown Academy.
From Walnut Lane and Germantown Ave-
nue we may walk to the old Mennonite
Meeting House (12.6), built in 1770, and
there recall that on these grounds, approx-
imately the northeast corner of Herman and
Main Streets, stood as early as 1708 a little
log meeting house (Christopher Dock’s
schoolhouse), and in this building Christo-
pher Dock, “the pious schoolmaster of the
Skippack,” who was found dead in the
schoolhouse upon his knees, kept school in
1740. Christopher Dock’s “Schul-Ordnung,”
printed and published in 1770 by Christopher
Sower in Germantown, gives our only pic-
ture of the colonial school.
An enjoyable ride from Germantown to
Overbrook brings us to the new suburban
home of the Episcopal Academy, located in
1921 at City Line and Berwick Avenues
(18.4). This school. was founded in 1785.
The interior of the main school building,
remarkable for beauty and charm, should
not be missed by visitors. In the outer
office is an impressive collection of historic
portraits of notable headmasters of this an-
cient school: Rev. John A. Andrews, Head-
master 1785-89; Rev. George Emlen Hare,
D. D., Headmaster 1846-1857; Rev. James
Wiltbank Robins, D. D., Headmaster 1857-
1891. Among others is a striking portrait
of the Right Rev. William White, D. D., first
Bishop of Pennsylvania, and founder of the
Episcopal Academy, 1785. Also notable is
the portrait of the Rev. Wm. Smith, D. D.
(1727-1803), presented by his granddaugh-
ter, Isabelle Penn-Smith-Fleming.
In the ante-room of the basement of the
gymnasium may be seen a photograph of
the Episcopal Academy when located at 1324
Locust Street from 1849-1921; also one of
the Academy when located at Third and
Pear Streets, from 1791 to 1849; and a
164
Mileage
12.6
12.6
13.2
13.3
13.3
13.4
15.0
15.8
16.0
18.4
19.1
19.5
21.3
23.7
23.9
24.1
24.3
24.3
24.5
24.6
24.9
25.1
Zou
Zo
25.4
Zonk
26.8
26.9
PAS |
MILEAGE ITINERARY
Route 16—Old Schools and Schoolmasters—27.1 m.
No. 6019 Main St., old Green Tree Tavern; Germantown Academy founded here,
Dec. 6, 1759. Tablet.
Walnut Lane; turn left and stop. Walk to Herman and Main Sts., northeast corner.
Stop. Site of Christopher Dock’s School, adjoining the nearby Mennonite Meeting
House. Continue on Walnut Lane.
Over R. R. bridge.
Cross bridge over Lincoln Drive.
Wissahickon Ave.; turn left, down grade.
Lincoln Drive; turn right.
Pass under R. R., leaving Wissahickon Drive.
Fork; bear left and immediately right up hill.
Cross iron bridge over Schuylkill River, up grade, on City Line Avenue, passing Bel-
mont reservoir at 16.5.
City Line and Berwick Aves., entrance to Episcopal Academy; founded 1785; located
at present site 1921. Stop.
Lancaster Ave.; turn left.
63rd St.; turn right.
Walnut St.; turn left.
40th St.; turn right.
Spruce and 40th Sts., northwest corner, Evans Institute, Dental School, University
of Pennsylvania (Museum). Continue on 40th St.
Woodland Ave.; turn left.
39th and Woodland Ave., northeast corner, Veterinary Department, University of
Pennsylvania.
On right, Hamilton Walk, entrance to Botanical Garden, and grounds of the Univer-
sity of Pennsylvania. Dormitories on right. (Note the gargoyles.)
Memorial Gate; entrance to quadrangle and campus.
36th and Woodland Ave.; turn right. Southeast corner, Logan Hall, now used chiefly
by the Wharton School of Finance and Commerce. Opposite, southwest corner,
Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology.
Cross Spruce St., going through College Gate, and passing (24.7) Provost’s Tower;
continuing to end of curving road, bearing right at 24.8 around loop, for view of the
Medical School (Laboratories of Pathology, Physiology, and Pharmacy). Reverse to
Spruce St.; turn right. On left, 36th and Spruce Sts., Hare Laboratory of Chemistry,
and Houston Hall. On right, William Pepper Clinical Laboratory, and the Univer-
sity Hospital. :
33rd and Spruce Sts.; turn left. Southeast corner, University Museum. Northeast
corner, Franklin Field, football and sports field, being enlarged to seat 100,000. On
33rd St., north of Spruce, right, Gymnasium; left, School of Engineering, and School
of Architecture.
Walnut St.; turn left.
34th St.; turn right. Stop; walk south on 34th St., below Walnut, to visit, east side,
Harrison Chemical Laboratory; west side, University Library; and adjoining, College
Hall, where are located the administration offices. Continue on 34th St. to
Chestnut and 34th Sts., southwest corner, University of Pennsylvania Law School.
Turn right on Chestnut St.
Pass Drexel Institute, 32nd and Chestnut Sts.
16th St.; turn left.
Market St.; turn right.
City Hall, PHILADELPHIA.
165
DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY
Route 16—Old Schools and Schoolmasters—27.1 m.
drawing of an old print of the original
building on Chestnut Street between Sixth
and Seventh, where the Academy was estab-
lished in 1788. Among many distinguished
graduates of the school conspicuous is
Richard Harding Davis.
At the northwest corner of Spruce and
40th Streets (23.9), is the beautiful Evans
Museum and Dental Institute, which by
affiliation in 1912 with the School of Den-
tistry of the University of Pennsylvania
(organized in 1878) has become a great out-
post of the University. In the museum is a
priceless collection of portraits, curios, and
relics, including the carriage in which, by
the aid of Dr. Thomas W. Evans, founder of
the Institute, the Empress Eugenie escaped
from Paris in 1870.
Hamilton Walk (24.3), opposite 39th and
Woodland Avenue, offers an attractive ap-
proach to the Botanical Garden, and the
grounds of the University of Pennsylvania.
The Dormitories along Woodland Avenue
are part of a continuous group surrounding
one closed and two open courts. The “dor-
mitory houses” are distinct units in the
dormitory system and have been established
and named as memorials.
Opposite Hamilton Walk, at the north-
east corner of 39th and Woodland Avenue,
is the Veterinary Hospital (24.3), where
sick and injured animals of all kinds are
admitted at any time, day or night. The
School of Veterinary Medicine was founded
-in 1883-84, and provision first made for the
present building in 1903.
In Logan Hall (24.6), southeast corner
of 36th and Woodland Avenue, is tem-
porarily housed the Wharton School of
Finance and Commerce, founded by Joseph
Wharton in 1881. Directly opposite is the
Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology
(24.6), an auxiliary department of the Uni-
versity, the buildings and endowment of
which were gifts of Parcel Isaac J. Wistar.
The Pete. chartered in 1892, is devoted
chiefly to research, museum work, and pub-
lication. Its collection of brains of cele-
brated persons is famous.
The School of Medicine (24.8), the oldest
Medical School in the United States, was
founded by Dr. John Morgan in 1765 (See
Route 17). The Hare Laboratory of Chem-
istry (24.9) was built in 1877.
Houston Hall (24.9), the centre of under-
graduate student social life, was dedicated
in 1896. The athletic trophy rooms are at-
tractive and the collection of portraits in the
auditorium is especially interesting and im-
portant.
The William Pepper Clinical Laboratory
(24.9) is a memorial research institution
established in 1894 by Dr. William Pepper,
a distinguished Provost of the University.
The University Hospital (24.9) is an in-
valuable adjunct to the School of Medicine,
and was founded in 1874.
The University Museum (25.1), founded
in 1889, the most beautiful building on the
campus, contains invaluable collections in
the fields of archaeology, ethnology, and art,
all open to the public. Here is the famous
Babylonian collection.
Franklin Field (25.1), dedicated in 1895,
football and sports field, has been enlarged
to accommodate 55,000. At the west end of
Franklin Field is the Gymnasium. Further
enlargements are planned to accommodate
100,000.
The Engineering Building (25.1) houses
the Civil, Electrical, and Mechanical En-
gineering Departments.
The Architectural School (25.1) was or-
ganized in 1890 as a department of the
Towne Scientific School.
The John Harrison Laboratory of Chem-
istry (25.3), named for the grandfather of
Provost Harrison, was dedicated in 1894.
The University Library Building (25.3).
was dedicated in 1891. The Library was
founded in 1749, and contains over 500,000
volumes. Besides books it contains por-
traits, memorials, inscriptions, and relics of
great interest (Seé Route 7).
College Hall (25.3), a picturesque ivy-cov-
ered building, the oldest on the campus, was
erected in 1871. Here are most of the ad-
ministrative offices.
The Law School Building (25.4), dedi-
cated in 1900, houses the oldest Law School
in North America, founded in 1790 (See
Route 18).
166
Route 17—The Early Medical Practitioners
THE FIRST MEDICAL SCHOOL IN AMERICA, 1925
In the great modern Medical School Laboratories at the University of Pennsylvania are portraits and his-
j toric reminders of genuine public interest.
FIRST MEDICAL SCHOOL IN AMERICA, 1765
Franklin’s Library on Fifth Street below Chestnut was built near it in 1790. The building with the tower,
at the right, was the forerunner of the University of Pennsylvania Medical School.
DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY
Route 17—The Early Medical Practitioners—8.5 m.
A short trip of surprising interest not only to members of the medical profession and their families but
to the general sightseer as well.
The new building of the College of Physicians (founded in 1787); the
old buildings of the Pennsylvania Hospital (erected in 1754); the modern magnificent laboratories of the
Medical School of the University of Pennsylvania, the oldest Medical School in America (founded in 1765);
all contain historic objects, paintings and relics of surpassing general interest.
ENTRE of medical science and the
medical profession in the United States,
Philadelphia is distinguished as the birth-
place of the first Medical School in America.
The statue of Dr. Joseph Leidy (0.0), on
the. west plaza of the City Hall, is a me-
morial not only to the worth of the man and
the scientist, but also to the dignity and im-
portance of the medical profession in the
annals of Philadelphia.
The new College of Physicians (0.6),
Twenty-second Street below Market, erected
in 1908, imposing without and within, em-
phasizes the preéminence of the medical pro-
fession in Philadelphia. This building, the
home of the ancient organization of the
medical profession, superseded the one at
Thirteenth and Locust Streets especially put
up for the College of Physicians in 1863,
and now occupied temporarily by the main
branch of the Free Library. The College
has been housed at various times in the
Pennsylvania Hospital, and in the old Mer-
cantile Library building at the southeast
corner of Fifth and Library Streets. Its
first President was Dr. John Redman, who
with Dr. Benjamin Rush, brought about its
establishment. January 2, 1787, is the date
of the earliest recorded meeting.
The interior of the College of Physicians
(0.6) is noteworthy for its combined im-
press of beauty, historic atmosphere, and
evident usefulness. In the hallway, at the
entrance, are tablets: one inscribed with the
names of the founders; the other enrolling
the presidents from Dr. John Redman
(1787) down; a weighty list of names dis-
tinguished in medical annals. In Mitchell
Hall, on the second floor, are portraits of all
these presidents, together with a striking
bust of Dr. S. Weir Mitchell. Statuary in
the hallways and portraits and prints of
important medical men in halls and library
rooms give atmosphere and charm. The
Mutter Museum, on the first floor, includes
168
the skeleton of the Kentucky giant, and col-
lections of special interest to the medical
expert. Open cases in the reading room and
in the library, on the second floor, contain
many curios and personal relics, including
the watch of Dr. Benjamin Rush, of which
Dr. S. Weir Mitchell was custodian for many
years. The collection of current medical
magazines in all languages is surprisingly
extensive, while the medical library is second
only to that of the Surgeon General at Wash-
ington, being especially rich in incunabula.
By continuing on Twenty-second Street
to Spruce, and turning left we may inspect
the new home of the Philadelphia County
Medical Society, Twenty-first and Spruce
Streets, southeast corner. This property be-
longed to the late George C. Thomas, the
banker, long head of Drexel & Co. A fea-
ture of the alterations is an auditorium seat-
ing 500 persons.
Passing east on Chestnut Street one does
not lack evidence all the way to Sixteenth
Street that Chestnut Street has become the
business home of the medical specialist. The
Aldine Hotel (0.9), on Chestnut Street east
of Twentieth Street, south side, was once
the palatial home of Dr. James Rush, son of
the celebrated Dr. Benjamin Rush. Dr.
James Rush was the founder and donor of
the Ridgway Branch of the Philadelphia
Library, located at Broad and Christian
Streets, a superb exemplar of Doric archi-
tecture finished in 1877.
In visiting Congress Hall and Independ-
ence Hall, members of the medical profes-
sion may take especial pride in evoking mem-
ories of the patriotic services of Dr. Ben-
jamin Rush, distinguished representative of
the early practitioners.
In Independence Hall (2.1) may be seen,
in the extensive collection of pastels by the
English artist Sharpless, a contemporary
portrait of Dr. Rush, chairman of a com-
mittee that made the epoch-making report to
MILEAGE ITINERARY
Route 17—The Early Medical Practitioners—8.5 m.
Driving time 1 hr. A good distribution of additional time follows: College of Physicians, 30 min.; Inde-
pendence Hall and adjoining buildings, 20 min.; Pennsylvania Hospital, 30 min.; University of Pennsylvania
Medical School (Laboratories of Pathology, Physiology, and Pharmacy), 20 min.; Wistar Institute, 20 min.
For full details see “Descriptive Itinerary.”
Mileage
0.0 PHILADELPHIA, City Hall, at Statue of Dr. Joseph Leidy (1823-91), west plaza. Go
west on Market St.
06 22nd St.; turn left.
Ludlow St., southeast corner, College of Physicians; founded 1787. Stop.
0.7 Chestnut St.; turn left.
0.9 Aldine Hotel, between 20th and 19th, south side; formerly home of Dr. James Rush, son
of Dr. Benjamin Rush.
2.1 6th St. Congress Hall, southeast corner. Independence Hall. Stop.
2.2 5th St.; walk south to Library St. Site of Philadelphia Dispensary, east side, south of
. Library St. Original site of first Medical School in the United States. Continue on
Chestnut St. 2.3 4th St.; turn right.
2.5 Southwest corner, 4th and Locust Sts., home of Dr. Caspar Wistar; earlier, of Dr.
William Shippen. 2.6 Spruce St.; turn left.
2.9: Front St.; turn right.
No. 321 South Front, east side, early home of Dr. Philip Syng Physick.
pebankaueiss
Sot aanae
et
ae i
nu
COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS—FOUNDED 1787
Located on Twenty-second Street above Chestnut, it is a centre of scientific and social life for the medi-
cal profession in Philadelphia.
169
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Route 17—The Early Medical Practitioners—8.5 m.
THE PENNSYLVANIA HOSPITAL—FOUNDED 1754
A monument to the medical profession in the United States, it owes its foundation chiefly to Dr. Bond
and Benjamin Franklin.
.
RES Sin at
HOME OF DR, CASPAR WISTAR HOME OF DR. PHILIP SYNG PHYSICK
At Fourth and Locust Streets lived the author of the At Fourth and Delancey Streets lived “the father of Amer-
first American treatise on Anatomy. Here began the famous ican surgery.”’ See also Route 19.
“Wistar Parties.”
171
DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY
Route 17—The Early Medical Practitioners—8.5 m.
oo
DR. BENJAMIN RUSH (1745-1813)
In Independence Hall is Thomas Sully’s portrait of this
eminent physician and patriot.
Congress that it had become expedient to
declare the United Colonies free and inde-
pendent States. The report was written by
Dr. Rush himself, who anticipated the’ senti-
ments and even the phraseology of much
of the Declaration of Independence.
In Independence Hall (2.1), the table on
which the Declaration was signed may serve
to recall that Dr. Rush was a signer of the
Declaration. He was also an important
member of the convention that framed in
this room the Constitution of the United
States.
South from Chestnut Street on Fifth stood
until 1923 the Philadelphia Dispensary, the
first institution of its kind in the United
States, established in 1786 in Strawberry
Alley by the subscriptions of the foremost
citizens of the day, backed and inspired by
Dr. Rush and his professional co-workers.
Below the site of the Dispensary on Fifth
Street (2.2) was the original site of the first
Medical School in America (1765). A Birch
engraving of 1799, showing the Philadelphia
Library Company’s first home at Fifth and
Library Streets, shows also “Anatomical
Hall,” erected before 1779 as a special build-
ing for the Medical Department of what
was then known as the Academy and Col-
lege of Philadelphia, since become the Un1-
versity of Pennsylvania. This first medical
school was established as a department of
the college in 1765. Dr. John Morgan was
the first professor of the theory and prac-
tice of physic, and Dr. Benjamin Rush suc-
ceeded him in 1789; although Dr. Rush had
become professor of chemistry in the college
in 1769. Distinguished also in the history
of this first Medical School is Dr. William
Shippen, elected professor of anatomy and
surgery in September, 1765.
Turning from Chestnut Street into Fourth
Street, at the southwest corner of Fourth
and Locust Streets (tablet), we pass the
home in later life of Dr. Caspar Wistar
(2.5), whose reputation for the famous
“Wistar Parties” almost outshines his dis-
tinction in medicine. Educated in the med-
ical school of the old College of Philadel-
phia and finishing his medical education at
Edinburgh, where he was later made Presi-
dent of the Royal Society of Medicine, Dr.
Wistar began his practice here on High
(Market) Street between Third and Fourth.
Professor of Anatomy at the University for
many years, and remarkable for his genial
hospitality, he gathered about him the lead-
ing scientific and literary lights of his time.
After his death, in 1818, “Wistar Parties”
became a social institution in Philadelphia,
lasting to the present day. Dr. Wistar was
the author of the first American treatise on
Anatomy. Built about 1750, the Wistar
House was in its early history the home of
Dr. William Shippen.
Reaching Front Street, and turning right,
at No. 321 South Front Street (2.9), amid
modern desolation, we find still standing
but much altered, a large house, built before
1786, in which in his early professional
career lived the cultured Dr. Philip Syng
Physick, celebrated in the annals of Phila-
delphia as “the father of American surgery.”
No one would suspect that here was once a
fashionable residential section of the city.
Out Pine Street (3.0), front Prontere
172
MILEAGE ITINERARY
Route 17—The Early Medical Practitioners—8.5 m.
JEFFERSON MEDICAL COLLEGE—FOUNDED 1824
Mileage
3.0 Pine St.; turn right.
3.3 4thand Pine Sts. Stop. Walk north to Union and 4th Sts., northeast corner, once the
home of Dr. Philip Syng Physick.
3.6 8th St.; Pennsylvania Hospital on right. 3.7 9th St.; turn right.
3.8 Spruce St:; turn right.
3.9 8th St.; stop, and walk south to main entrance of Pennsylvania Hospital, 8th St., below
Spruce. Continue on Spruce St.
3.9 7th St.; turn left, bearing left around Washington Square.
4.1 Walnut St., turn left.
4.4 10th and Walnut Sts.; northwest corner, Jefferson Medical College.
O10 3900 pt.- turn left. 6.3. Spruce St.; turn nght.
6.4 34th and Spruce, on left University Hospital; Surgical Dispensary,and Medical Buildings.
6.5 William Pepper Clinical Laboratory, left. Turn left through College Gateway, curving
right around loop to
6.6 Laboratories of Pathology, Physiology, and Pharmacy. Stop. Return on 36th St. to
6.8 Wistar Institute of Anatomy (main entrance on left), 36th and Woodland Ave. Turn
right 6.8 on Woodland Avenue to 7.3 Market St. and 32nd; turn right.
8.5 City Hall, PHILADELPHIA.
173
DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY
Route 17—The Early Medical Practitioners—8.5 m.
Fourth, however, we may see many houses
still preserving the aristocratic air of co-
lonial days. At Fourth Street (3.5), a short
walk brings us to a big house on the cor-
ner of Fourth and Delancey, the home of Dr.
Physick in the heyday of his prosperity
(See also Route 19).
At Eighth Street (3.6), we begin to en-
circle the grounds of the Pennsylvania Hos-
pital, perhaps the noblest monument to the
medical profession in the United States. It
was founded in 1754 by the inspiration of Dr.
Thomas Bond and the efforts of Benjamin
Franklin. From Franklin’s quaint inscrip-
tion on the cornerstone we learn: “In the
year oof curist MDCCLV George- the
Second happily reigning (for he sought the
happiness of his people), Philadelphia flour-
ishing (for its inhabitants were public spir-
ited), this building, by the bounty of the
government, and of many private persons,
was piously founded for the relief of the
sick and miserable. May the GoD OF MERCIES
bless the undertaking.”
Entering the main gateway (3.9), on
Eighth Street below Spruce, the visitor
should not fail to see the honor roll of at-
tending physicians, brought down to date
from ancient days; the old library (now
used as a lecture-hall for nurses), with its
ponderous but precious tomes; and the an-
tique demonstration and lecture room in the
high tower, where Dr. Thomas Bond began
clinical lectures in 1766. Benjamin West’s
“Christ Healing the Sick,” the well-preserved
colonial staircases, and other treasures of
the hospital, including Penn’s statue on the
Pine Street lawn, will not escape attention.
Standing before the portrait of Dr. Ben-
jamin Rush, surgeon at the Pennsylvania
Hospital for twenty-nine years, we may re-
call how he fought the epidemic of yellow
fever that affected Philadelphia in 1793, lay-
ing down those cardinal principles that have
since become the characteristic and the
glory of the medical profession: “I have
resolved to stick to my principles, my prac-
tice, and my patients to the last extremity.
IT will remain, if I remain alone.”
Located at Tenth and Walnut Streets,
Jefferson Medical College (4.4), founded in
1824, has won an enviable place in the field
of medicine. Its faculty has included Dr.
Robley Dunglison, Dr. Joseph Pancoast, Dr.
Jacob Da Costa, Dr. Samuel D. Gross, and
Dr. W. W. Keen. Some one has computed
that in the year following the founding of
Jefferson Medical College there were in
Philadelphia and its suburbs 169 physicians
and surgeons, 25 cuppers, bleeders, and
leechers, 18 dentists, 10 midwives, 78 women
who made a profession of nursing, and 16
who were layers out of the dead.
In West Philadelphia, at 34th and Spruce
Streets, beginning with the University Hos-
pital (6.4), we come in sight of a succession
of buildings together making up the Univer-
sity of Pennsylvania School of Medicine,
originally established on Fifth Street near
Walnut in 1765. On entering the newest
building of the group, facing on Hamilton
Walk (6.6), the Laboratories of Pathology,
Physiology, and Pharmacy, we find, to the
right, a tablet to the Medical Class of 1768,
the first class to receive a degree in Medicine
in America, graduating in June, 1768, and
consisting of ten members representing
Maryland, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and
Delaware. Nearby is an oil portrait of Dr.
John Archer, a member of this first grad-
uating class. At the entrance is another
tablet, commemorating Dr. John Morgan
and Dr. William Shippen, Jr., “the first Fac-
ulty” of this the First Medical School in
North America.
Leading tothe second floor is a stair-
case, hung with historic portraits. The
array of notable portraits here is in itself
worth a long journey to see. The heroic
canvas by Thomas Eakins of Dr. D. Hayes
Agnew in the midst of a clinic demonstra-
tion is an American Rembrandt. At either
side are beautiful bronze memorial tablets
to Dr. Nathaniel Chapman and Dr. Samuel
Jackson and portraits of the founders.
Returning we pass the Wistar Institute
of Anatomy (6.8), a worthy memorial to its
founder, and an invaluable active research
laboratory, constantly contributing to the
illumination of everyday medical practice
and theory. Of interest to the general pub-
lic is its collection of brains of famous men.
174
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Route 18—Historic Mementos of Law and Lawyers
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THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE
The foundation stone of American liberty under the law. ‘Made in Philadelphia,” July 4, 1776.
177
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DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY
Route 18—Historic Mementos of Law and Lawyers—5.8 m.
Laymen and lawyers alike, particularly visiting lawyers, will find something new and stimulating in this
trip. Nowhere, except in Philadelphia, would it be possible in a busy man’s “‘off hour” to enjoy such a set
of historical experiences as may be gained by viewing in rapid succession: the notable group of historic por-
traits in the oldest Law Library in the United States; the interesting legal documents in the oldest Law School
in the United States; the remarkable art collection of the late John G. Johnson; Lincoln’s law library at the
Historical Society of Pennsylvania; Congress Hall where the United States Government was first formed;
Independence Hall where the Constitution of the United States was framed; Penn’s great ‘Charter of Privi-
leges’’ in the American Philosophical Society; the first United States Supreme Court Building; and the spot
where the Declaration of Independence was written by an American lawyer.
iA to the Philadelphia Law Library
(0.0), on the north corridor of the
sixth floor of the City Hall, reached by ele-
vator at the northeast corner of the building,
will convey at once some idea of the growth
and importance of the profession of law
since the days of Gabriel Thomas, who,
writing an account of Philadelphia in the
year 1696, said: “Of lawyers and physicians
I shall say nothing, because this country is
very peaceable and healthy.”
The Philadelphia Law Library dates back
to 1821, when it was established under the
auspices of “The Society for the promotion
of Legal Knowledge and Forensic Elo-
quence.” In 1827 it was merged into “The
Philadelphia Law Association,” made up of
the associated members of the bar of Phila-
delphia. In the library may be seen an
impressive collection of portraits of judges
and members of the bar, too large to
enumerate here in full, but comprising
among others the well-known portraits of
Chief Justice Marshall, by Inman; Horace
Binney, by Sully; Edward Tilghman, by
Rembrandt Peale; Chief Justice Tilghman,
by Neagle; and William Rawle, by Inman.
Among these portraits also is one of James
Wilson, first professor of law in the first
law school in the United States, since de-
veloped into the Department of Law of the
University of Pennsylvania. The library is
complete in records, in sets of the original
laws of the various states, and in records of
cases argued in the Supreme Court of the
United States. Once housed in Congress
Hall, in a room in the State House, and
elsewhere, the library is the oldest law
library in the United States.
The Law Courts in the City Hall (0.0)
will repay even a passing visit. The Supreme
Court of Pennsylvania is located in Rooms
450 to 460, south corridor. Modern in ap-
pearance and appointments, the present
Courts are the historic successors of the
earliest county courts, and of those courts
established “the 16th of 2d mo., 1684,” when,
Penn present, the Provincial Council deter-
mined that there should be a Provincial
Court of five Judges to try all criminal cases
and titles to land, and to be a court of equity
to decide all differences upon appeal from
the county courts. The earliest Philadel-
phia court records are dated 10th of Ist
mo., 1682-83, and the record of the first court
held 11 January, 1682, is notable as contain-
ing the names of Swan Swanson, John
Stiller (afterwards Stillé), and other well-
known Swedes, who applied for naturaliza-
tion by petitions of allegiance.
At the southwest corner of Thirty-fourth
and Chestnut Streets (1.5) stands the Law
School of the University of Pennsylvania,
established in the present building in 1900.
Conspicuous on the left, at the entrance, is
the name of James Wilson, first professor
of law in the University, 1790. On the left
staircase extending to the second floor is a
portrait of James Wilson by Rosenthal. On
the wall at the head of the stairs is a framed
group of original documents relating to
James Wilson, including his original com-
mission as Associate Justice of the Supreme
Court of the United States, signed by Wash-
ington, and various documents notable for
such autograph signatures as Louis XVI,
Thomas Mifflin, and Benjamin Franklin.
Especially notable is the original oath of
office taken by James Wilson, October 5,
1789, signed by Samuel Powel, the first
Mayor of Philadelphia. Wilson gave his
first lectures on law in his own home once
178
MILEAGE ITINERARY
Route 18—Historic Mementos of Law and Lawyers—5.8 m.
Driving time 1 hr. An additional hour is well divided as follows: Law Library, 10 min.; Law School,
University of Pennsylvania, 10 min.; Historical Society of Pennsylvania, 10 min.; Congress Hall, 10 min.;
Independence Hall, 10 min.; American Philosophical Society, 5 min.; old City Hall, 5 min. Additional time
is required for the Johnson Art Collection, now opened for public inspection. For full details see ‘“‘Descriptive
Itinerary.”’
Mileage
0.0
1.4
£5
2.4
3.6
3.9
4.1
4.8
4.9
5.0
oul
Sr4
5.8
PHILADELPHIA, City Hall, west side. Visit Law Library, on sixth floor, and Law
Courts; taking elevator at northeast corridor. Go west on Market St.
34th St.; turn left.
Chestnut and 34th Sts., southwest corner, Law School University of Pennsylvania;
founded 1790. Stop. Turn left on Chestnut St.
22nd St.; turn right. 2.6 Spruce St.; turn left. 3.4 Broad St.; turn right.
No. 510 South Broad St., home and art collection of the late John G. Johnson. Reverse
on Broad St. to
Ppruceot.; tur right. 4.0 13th St.; turn left.
13th and Locust Sts., Historical Society of Pennsylvania (Lincoln’s Law Library). Stop.
Continue on 13th St. 4.2 Chestnut St.; turn right.
No. 605 Chestnut St., tablet commemorating Joseph Hopkinson’s ‘‘Hail Columbia.”
6th and Chestnut Sts., southeast corner, Congress Hall. Stop. Visit also Independ-
ence Hall.
5th and Chestnut Sts., southwest corner, Old City Hall, used later as first United States
Supreme Court Building. Walk to American Philosophical Society (Penn’s ‘‘Charter
of Privileges,” 1701), west side, 5th below Chestnut. Turn left on 5th St.
Market St.; turn left.
7th and Market Sts., southwest corner, site of house where Jefferson wrote the Declara-
tion of Independence. ‘Tablet.
City Hall, PHILADELPHIA.
PENN NATIONAL BANK ~ THOMAS JEFFERSON
Tt now occupies the site of the building at Seventh and In Independence Hall hangs Peale’s unfamiliar portrait
Market bi satis where Jefferson wrote the Declaration of of the great American lawyer who wrote the Declaration of
Independence. Indenendence.
179
Route 18—Historic Mementos of Law and Lawyers—5.8 m.
JAMES WILSON—FIRST UNIVERSITY PROFESSOR OF LAW IN NORTH AMERICA
A Signer of the Declaration of Independence, and Orator at the first celebration of the adoption of the
Constitution, he was the founder of the Department of Law, University of Pennsylvania, 1790. This por-
trait hangs in Independence Hall.
Route 18—Historic Mementos of Law and Lawyers—5.8 m.
THE FIRST LAW SCHOOL IN THE UNITED STATES
Founded in 1790, the University of Pennsylvania Law School was established in the building at Thirty-
fourth and Chestnut Streets in 1900.
THE OLDEST LAW LIBRARY IN THE UNITED STATES
Located on the sixth floor of the City Hall, it possesses a rare collection of historic portraits of dis-
tinguished judges and members of the American bar.
181
DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY
Route 18—Historic Mementos of Law and Lawyers—5.8 m.
LINCOLN’S LAW LIBRARY
Gift of Major W. J. Lambert to the Historical Society
‘of Pennsylvania.
located at the southeast corner of Third and
Walnut Streets. From 1895 to 1909, the ses-
sions of the Law School were held in historic
Congress Hall at Sixth and Chestnut Streets.
In Price Hall, on the ground floor, and
in the various lecture and reading rooms, will
be found numerous etchings, engravings,
and old portraits commemorating distin-
guished members of the American bench and
bar. In the Biddle Law Library, on the
second floor, may be seen numerous legal
treasures, chief among which is an orig-
inal copy of an “Abridgment of the Law”
in early French, the date of which is prob-
ably about 1470. turn left.
4th and Arch Sts., northeast corner, Lowell’s Honeymoon Hotel.
5th and Arch Sts., southeast corner, grave of Benjamin Franklin, author of the “‘ Auto-
biography” and ‘‘ Poor Richard’s Almanack.”’ Turn right on 5th St.
Spring Garden St.; turn left.
7th St. Stop; walk north to 7th and Brandywine Sts., rear of northeast corner, home
of Edgar Allen Poe. Continue on Spring Garden St.
Broad St.; turn right. Broad and Green Sts., Central High School—notable graduates.
Broad and Girard Ave., Widener Branch, Philadelphia Free Library. Stop to see the
largest book in the world.
Cross Olney Ave., bearing left with trolley onto York Road.
239
DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY
Route 25—Literary Curios and Landmarks—23.7 m.
Ate Grtente Fm wP—
9 tart of He Llmag Gib ny )
Ges ee oe
Gb HOW, pha 104 Co-bafy
Dip ff wit fag Ke Otlhcar D) qpprswr emer iene,
Ae Gee xP) a7 sLey ppSED ;
Gey? LO) per
On the north side of Brandywine Street,
immediately adjoining the northwest corner
of Seventh and Brandywine (3.8), stands the
modest brick rear house in which Edgar
Allen Poe lived in Philadelphia, and in
which it is believed he wrote “The Raven,”
“The Goldbug,” “The Murders in the Rue
Morgue,” and—to Christopher Morley’s
honor be it recorded—“The Black Cat.”
Here Poe was brought to the brink of mad-
ness by the threatened death of his wife,
who in this house ruptured a blood-vessel
one evening while singing. Poe also lived
in another Philadelphia house, No. 2502
Fairmount Avenue.
In the Alumni Memorial Library of the
Central High School, Broad and Green
Streets, southwest corner (4.4), is a picture
of Frank R. Stockton, the novelist, a mem-
ber of the nineteenth class. Here also may
be seen a portrait and the classroom of
Albert Henry Smyth, Shakespearean scholar
and litterateur, who edited the definitive
edition of Franklin’s Works in ten volumes.
In the president’s office is a Visitor’s Book,
containing autographs of Thackeray, Wil-
liam Butler Yeats, and other celebrities.
At York Road and Olney Avenue (10.0)
stood until recently Butler Place, the home
of Owen Wister, lawyer and novelist.
At Church Lane and Lambert Street
(10.8), standing back from the street, high
on the left, is the old Spencer farm house,
birthplace of Thomas Godfrey, inventor of
the quadrant, and home of his son Thomas
Godfrey, Jr., who wrote the first Amer-
ican drama ever publicly produced (See
Route 24).
The Masonic Hall in Germantown (12.1)
now occupies the site of No. 5425 Main
Street, where the distinguished authoress
Louisa M. Alcott was born November 29,
1832.
At No. 5261 Main Street (12.3) lived
Sally Wister, a daughter of the house in
Revolutionary days, who wrote the ever
charming diary.
No. 5253 Main Street (12.3), was the boy-
hood home of Owen Wister.
At No. 5203-05 Main Street, formerly
one-dwelling house, Owen Wister, the popu-
lar novelist and story-writer, was born July
14, 1860.
On the West River Drive, in Fairmount
Park, just north of the Reading Railway
bridge (16.6), high on the embankment, is
the quaint low cottage known as “Tom
Moore’s Cottage”; where it was long popu-
larly believed Tom Moore, the Irish genius,
lived and wrote poetry when he. visited
Philadelphia in 1805.
A DICKENS’ MANUSCRIPT
One of the highly prized treasures of the Childs’ Collection
at the Drexel Institute.
240
Mileage
10.0
10.3
10.5
10.8
MILEAGE ITINERARY
Route 25—Literary Curios and Landmarks—23.7 m.
Butler Place, York Road and Olney Ave., left, until recently home of Owen Wister, the
novelist; displaced by modern houses.
Church Lane (Spencer Street), intersecting York Road at Branchtown; turn left.
Avoid Limekiln Pike, on right.
Church Lane and Lambert Street, old Spencer farm-house, high on left, birthplace of
Thomas Godfrey (inventor of the quadrant), and home of Thomas Godfrey, Jr., first
American dramatist.
Germantown Ave.; turn left (Right for No. 5909 Main St., where Henry Van Dyke,
author and diplomat, was born November 10, 1852).
No. 5425 Germantown Ave.,now occupied by the Masonic Hall, site of house in which
was born Louisa M. Alcott, 1832.
No. 5261 Germantown Ave., John Wister House, home of Sally Wister.
No. 5253 Germantown Ave., site of the home and printing plant of Christopher Sower;
the large dwelling in the rear (now hidden by store-fronts), was the boyhood home of
Owen Wister, the novelist (1860-1870).
Queen Lane; turn right.
Stokley St.; turn right, passing Carlton on the right.
Midvale Ave.; turn left.
East River Drive; turn right.
Turn left across Falls Bridge over Schuylkill River.
End of bridge; turn left onto West River Drive.
Keep left on River Drive.
“Tom Moore’s Cottage”; high on embankment on right.
Turn right, passing under R. R., and immediately left.
Turn right going through Smith Memorial Arch onto North Concourse.
Turn left on Belmont Ave., which becomes 44th St.
Dead end; turn left.
42nd St.; turn right.
Market St.; turn right. |
43rd St.; turn left.
Chester Ave. and 43rd St.; northwest corner, Clark Park, bronze statue of Dickens
and Little Nell. Turn left on Chester Ave.
Entrance (if closed, use Main Gate) to Woodlands Cemetery; turn right.
Woodlands Mansion; bear right to front of house; curve to right and immediately
left along river drive-way to McDaniel Chapel Vault on right.
Stop and walk (right) on river path; immediately beyond the Leonhardt obelisk is
the grave of Frank R. Stockton (1834-1902); inscription on rear of carved tomb stone.
Continue on drive-way (avoiding left turn at 21.2) to
Taber obelisk on left. Stop and walk up slope (no path) about thirty yards; spacious
iron-railed lot, with ivy-grown grave of Dr. S. Weir Mitchell (1829-1914).
Continue on drive-way, bearing right at 21.4; and turning right at the next turn; and
right at the next turn; and immediately left on winding road to
Main Gate Entrance, 39th and Woodland Ave.; turn right.
Woodland Ave., west of 34th St., park and visit the Library, University of Pennsyl-
vania. Continue on Woodland Ave. to
Chestnut St.; turn right.
Drexel Institute, 32nd and Chestnut Sts.; Art Gallery (second floor), G. W. Childs’
Collection of Manuscripts.
16th St.; turn left.
Market St.; turn right.
City Hall, PHILADELPHIA.
241
DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY
Route 25—Literary Curios and Landmarks—23.7 m.
ee
Ae EES
MANUSCRIPT OF “THE MURDERS IN THE RUE MORGUE”
In the George W. Childs’ Collection at the Drexel Institute is the only one of Poe’s manuscripts known
to be in existence.
The captivating bronze statue of Dickens
and Little Nell (20.6), in Clark Park, near
Forty-third and Chester Avenue, West
Philadelphia, is the finest literary statue in
the city.
In the Woodlands Cemetery, Thirty-ninth
Street and Woodland Avenue (21.1), is the
grave of Frank R. Stockton (born in Phila-
delphia in 1834), who holds a unique posi-
tion among American makers of humorous
fiction. Dr. S. Weir Mitchell’s ivy-grown
grave is also in Woodlands Cemetery (21.3).
In the Library of the University of Penn-
sylvania, Thirty-fourth and Locust Streets
(22.1), may be seen an impressive portrait
of the great English poet William Words-
worth, painted from life in 1844 by the artist
Henry Inman for his friend Professor Reed
of the University of Pennsylvania.
At the Drexel Institute (22.4) one may
enjoy a rare treat in inspecting the notable
collection of manuscripts given by Mrs.
George W. Childs. Included in the collec-
tion, remarkably full and representative, are
autograph manuscripts of Thackeray (Lec-
ture on George III), by Sir Walter Scott
24
(“Chronicles of the Canongate”), and
many other celebrities. The priceless treas-
ures in this collection are the autograph
manuscript of Poe’s “Murders in the Rue
Morgue,” and the autograph manuscript of
Dickens’ “Our Mutual Friend.” How the
Poe Ms. was saved is a dramatic story.
2
=
FRANK STOCKTON’S GRAVE
In Woodlands Cemetery, West Philadelphia.
Route 26—Philadelphia’s Oldest Industries
T. MORRIS PEROT, JR. ELLISTON PEROT
President of the oldest business house in America, Vice-president of the oldest business house in America.
founded in Philadelphia in 1687, and conducted uninter- Mr. Perot and his cousin are lineal descendants of the
ruptedly by members of the same family for 238 years. tounder in the eighth generation.
FRANCIS RAWLE
Head of the oldest law firm in America, Mr. Rawle,
last of the three founders of the American Bar Association,
is the oldest active member of the Philadelphia Bar.
243
DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY
Route 26—Philadelphia’s Oldest Industries—63.5 m.
Primarily historic in its purpose, taking the tourist to the door-steps of sixteen ancient business houses
of Philadelphia that are all older than the Constitution itself (1787), this trip gives in addition an exceptional
survey of industrial Philadelphia. Beginning in the leading down-town retail and wholesale business streets,
and passing from the river front to West Philadelphia, the trip includes a sight of the great up-town manu-
facturing industries and the great textile mills of Kensington. The concluding part of the trip, to and from
the Landreth Nurseries at Bristol, Pa., is an auto-outing over two of the finest rural highways into Philadelphia.
N Philadelphia eighty-six business houses
have been in continuous operation for
more than a hundred years.
Thirty-one of these ancient houses an-
tedate the year 1800; sixteen of them
antedate the founding of the national gov-
ernment; one dates back to 1687, having
the unprecedented record of 238 years, being
older than the Bank of England. Fifty of
these centenary firms are’still in the hands
of the original families, the oldest existent
firm in America being represented today by
a lineal descendant in the eighth generation.
The sixteen oldest industries in continuous
existence in Philadelphia are: brewing and
malting (1687); leather and leather goods
(1702); publishing and printing (1728) ;
book-making (1738); lumber (1751); fire
insurance (1752); white lead (1762) ; white
lead (1772); boat transportation (1774) ;
augers (1774); chemicals and oils (1778) ;
banking (1781); law (1783); fire insurance
(1784) ; seeds (1784) ; and books (1785).
Following the order of the mileage itin-
erary, important facts are given regarding
Philadelphia’s sixteen oldest industries.
Throughout this trip are gained impressive
glimpses of Philadelphia’s great modern
manufacturing industries, its great modern
textile mills, and its great wholesale and
retail centres, and occasional references
to these will be found in the “Mileage
Itinerary.”
Francis B. Rawle, Esq., whose law offices
are located in the Packard Building, south-
east corner of Fifteenth and Chestnut
Streets (0.0), is the living representative of
a distinguished family that finds mention on
many pages of the annals of Philadelphia,
the first ancestor of the Rawle family set-
ting out for Philadelphia from Plymouth
2 mo., 24th., 1686, entrusted with money by
William Penn. The present law business
dates from 1783.
The first book published in America re-
lating to insurance, printed by Franklin in
1725, was written by Francis Rawle, advo-
cating the establishment by the Legislature
of an Insurance Office in Philadelphia, for
the purpose of providing Marine Insurance
for the merchants. In 1733, the first gift
of books to the Philadelphia Library Com-
pany, six volumes of Spenser’s poems, was
made by a Rawle. The secretaryship of the
Library Company has almost been a hered-
itary office in this family, the first William
Rawle being secretary from 1786 to 1792.
This William Rawle, the elder, was a “coun-
sellor-at-law” in Philadelphia in 1783, with
office and residence on Arch Street, between
Second and Third. In Watson’s Annals
(pp. 318-21) he has left a vivid description
and characterization of his contemporaries,
the early distinguished members of the
Philadelphia bar. The present Francis B.
Rawle, distinguished also at the Philadel-
phia bar, was a classmate of ex-President
Eliot at Harvard, and a recent president of
the Harvard Club of Philadelphia.
Lea and Febiger, South Washington
Square and Sixth Street (0.9), carry on one
of the two historic publishing houses in
Philadelphia directly traceable to the famous
Matthew Carey, who began the business of
printer and publisher in Philadelphia in
1785.
In 1829 the firm of Caréy, EcamcmGarey
was divided and two firms established, the
present representative of one being Henry
Carey Baird & Co., and the other present
representative being Lea and _ Febiger.
Henry C. Carey, forbear of the latter firm,
became widely known the world over as a
great writer and leader of a school of polit-
ical economy. Isaac Lea of this firm also
gained wide reputation as a writer on scien-
tific subjects. As Lea & Blanchard, the firm
became widely known as the first as well
244
MILEAGE ITINERARY
Route 26—Philadelphia’s Oldest Industries—63.5 m.
Driving time about 5 hrs. 45 min. Two extra hours are needed for stops and dining. The last part of
the trip to the Landreth Nurseries, including the return to the city, can be covered in an hour and a half, and
is worth while both for the superior roads and the scenery. Stops may be made suitable to one’s interest.
For full details see ‘‘Descriptive Itinerary.”’
Mileage
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.7
Lt
This
PHILADELPHIA, City Hall, south side. Go east on South Penn Square.
Law offices of Francis B. Rawle, Esq., 1783; now in the Packard Building, southeast
corner of Fifteenth and Chestnut Streets.
Juniper St.; turn right. Wanamaker Store on left. 0.1 Chestnut St.; turn left.
6th St. and Chestnut; turn right. Southwest corner, new home of the Public Ledger,
recently merged with the North American, the oldest daily newspaper in America,
founded by Franklin.
6th and Walnut Sts., northwest corner, Curtis Building, home of Saturday Evening
Post, founded by Franklin, 1728.
Lea & Febiger, publishers, 1785, Locust and 6th Sts., southwest corner.
mprieeot,.; turn left. 1.1 5th St.; turn left.
Locust and 5th Sts. Stop; walk east on Locust St. to 4th St.
No. 212 South 4th St. (north of Locust), Philadelphia Contributionship for Insurance
of Houses from Loss by Fire. Founded by Franklin, 1752.
No. 240 South 4th St. (south of Locust), Mutual Assurance Company, insurance, 1784.
Continue on 5th St.
SOF EPH ELEHE SRE TEE
e PREP eee FER Ser
PEPE ETE GE
ets
tog awewe REF
reese
gerd
sea8?
PHILADELPHIA AT WORK—FIVE O’CLOCK IN WINTER TIME
original drawing by Frank H. Taylor shows the commercial heart of the city as seen across the
elevated railroad tracks leading into Broad Street. Station.
245
DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY
Route 26—Philadelphia’s Oldest Industries—63.5 m.
as the largest firm in the United States en-
gaged in the publication of medical and sur-
gical works. Later Henry C. Lea turned
aside from the business to write the his-
torical works that have given him distinc-
tion among scholars the world over.
At. No. 212 South Fourth Street (1.1) is
the oldest Fire Insurance company in Amer-
ica, the Philadelphia Contributionship for
Insurance of Houses from Loss by Fire,
founded in 1752, the outcome of the early
interest and efforts of Benjamin Franklin to
protect the citizens of Philadelphia from the
devastation of fire.
The Philadelphia Contributionship is
familiarly known as the “Hand-in-Hand”’;
and the badge or mark of four hands united,
conspicuous on many old _ Philadelphia
houses, has been the seal of the Company
since the first meeting of the Directors in
May, 1752. The domestic charm of the pres-
ent office building, erected in 1835, grows
out of the fact that until the advent of safe
deposit companies the Secretary and Treas-
urer of the Company was required to live
here as custodian of the securities. In the
rear of the building is a beautiful garden,
the only one left in the heart of the city.
One of the most impressive historic docu-
ments in Philadelphia is “The Articles of
Association” or deed of settlement of the
Contributionship, written on fifteen feet of
parchment, and signed with 1774 names, be-
ginning with James Hamilton, the Lieu-
tenant Governor of the Province, and Ben-
jamin Franklin, a first director of the com-
pany, continuing with the autographs of
almost all the early distinguished families
in the annals of Philadelphia since the days
of William Penn.
At No. 240 South Fourth Street is the
ancient competitor of the Contributionship,
the Mutual Assurance Company (1.1),
founded in 1784, whose fire-mark, the
“Green Tree,” is also conspicuous on many
old Philadelphia houses. This badge or
house mark was adopted to show the liber-
ality of the new ,rival company, since in
1781 the cautious directors of the Contribu-
tionship resolved that “no Houses having a
Tree or Trees planted before them shall be
Insured or Re-insured,’ and in this way
threatened to do away with William Penn’s
“little green towne.”
The Mutual Assurance Company took pos-
session of its present buildings November 1,
1912. For fifty-six years its headquarters
were at No. 526 Walnut Street, and from
1812 until 1856 it occupied its own build-
ing at No. 54 Walnut Street. The house
now occupied by the company once belonged
to the distinguished Cadwalader family. A
unique tradition, preserved for over a cen-
tury at the monthly dinner of the board of
trustees, is a standing toast to George Wash-
ington, continued from the memorable
monthly dinner in 1799 when news came of
the death of that great man.
In the Lafayette Building, Fifth and
Chestnut Streets, northeast corner (1.3), is
the office of The Francis Perot’s Sons Malt-
ing Company, the oldest existent business
house in America. Founded in 1687, this
business has descended from father to son
for eight generations, and has the unique
distinction of being in continuous existence
for 238 years, antedating even the Bank of
England.
Anthony Morris was the founder of the
the business, and the present representatives
are Elliston Perot and I. Morris Peroq i.
In Peter Cooper’s painting of “The South-
east Prospect of the City of Philadelphia,”
to be seen in the hallway of the Philadelphia
Library Company at 13th and Juniper
Streets, may be located the original Morris
malt house and brewery, which was erected
on the east side of Front Street, below Wal-
nut, facing the Delaware River. The Morris
family later established another malt house
and brewery in the rear of a lot on Second
Street, between Arch and Race Streets, and
to this business Francis Perot finally suc-
ceeded after his marriage to Elizabeth Mor-
ris, to whose father he had been apprenticed
before going into the malting business for
himself. The Philadelphia manufacturing
plants have long been abandoned for lack
of capacity to handle the great volume of
business. The malt house is now at Buffalo,
New York, but the office of the company
is continued in the city of its foundation.
246
MILEAGE ITINERARY
Route 26—Philadelphia’s Oldest Industries—63.5 m.
SCROLL OF THE “HAND-IN-HAND” FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY
It contains the autographs of 1,774 directors of “The Philadelphia Contributionship,” organized in 1752.
Franklin’s name heads the list.
Mileage
1.3 Chestnut and 5th Sts., Lafayette Building, northeast corner.
Francis Perot’s Sons Malting Co., 1687.
John T. Lewis & Bros. Co., white lead, 1772.
THE OLDEST FIREMARK IN AMERICA, 1752 THE FIRST GREEN TREE FIREMARKE, 1784
This badge is No. 506, and was placed in 1760 on No. 274 This badge is No. 1 and was placed on the McCall house
South Second Street. at Second and Delancey Streets.
247
DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY
Route 26—Philadelphia’s Oldest Industries—63.5 m.
Both the Morris and the Perot families
have participated in notable ways in the
public life of the city and the nation. An-
thony Morris was killed at the Battle of
Trenton; Samuel Morris, Captain of the
First City Troop, was a notable and im-
portant figure in Revolutionary days;
Thomas Morris was a founder of Westtown
Friends’ Boarding School, and a manager
of the Pennsylvania Hospital; T. Morris
Perot was for forty years the president of
the Mercantile Library Company, and for
over thirty years president of the Woman’s
Medical College of Pennsylvania, the first
Woman’s Medical College in America.
Located for more than a hundred years
at No. 231 South Front Street, and installed
since 1909 in a commodious suite of offices
on the seventh floor of the Lafayette Build-
ing, at the northeast corner of Fifth and
Chestnut Streets (1.3), the John T. Lewis &
Bros. Co., manufacturers of white lead and
kindred products, established in 1772, is a
notable old Philadelphia business house that
has recently celebrated its one hundred and
fiftieth year of progress and _ prosperity
under five generations of management by
members of the Lewis family.
This firm goes back to the days when
Mordecai Lewis became a member of the
original firm of Neave, Harman, and Lewis,
in 1772, four years before the Declaration
of Independence and fifteen years before the
adoption of the Constitution of the United
States. In the office of the company hangs
a highly-prized letter written by the presi-
dent of the Bank of North America, the old-
est bank in this country, first opened January
7, 1782, stating that the John I, Lewis &
Bros. Company possess the oldest continuous
bank account on the American continent,
since Mordecai Lewis & Co., the predecessors
of the present firm, first opened their account
with the Bank of North America January
16, 1782, and the account has been active
and continuous ever since.
The secretary of the present company is
Leonard T. Beale, great-great-grandson of
Mordecai Lewis, and the president is Ed-
ward F. Beale, son-in-law of John T. Lewis,
in whose name the business was consolidated
2
in 1856, and incorporated in 1888. In 1889
the company was affiliated with the National
Lead Company.
In its early history the firm imported
various commodities besides white lead, but
in 1820 it bought a plant and commenced
the manufacture of white lead and lead
oxides. In 1849 it removed its factory to
Thompson and Huntingdon Streets, the site
of its present extensive works. The ma-
chinery for separating and grinding has been
brought to such perfection that white lead
is now produced so fine that it requires a
hundred grains to cover the point of a pin.
The extended uses of lead oxides, and the
extensive uses of the company’s other by-
products, bring this historic manufactory
in touch with a most diversified range of
modern industries. During the recent war,
besides other notable services, it supplied to
the Bureau of Printing and Engraving
chrome colors for printing Liberty Bonds,
and also the colors used in printing the one-
cent postage stamp and the dollar bill.
At No. 518 Ludlow Street, between Chest-
nut and Market Streets, and Fifth and Sixth,
on the south side (1.4), is the modern plant
of the Franklin Printing Company, the busi-
ness of which began with Benjamin Frank-
lin in 1728.
In 1744 the firm name was Franklin and
Hall. In 1766 it became Hall and Sellers.
About 1810 the name became Hall and
Pierie. From 1815 until 1821, Hall and At-
kinson conducted the business. The suc-
cessors of this firm were Atkinson and An-
derson, who on the venerable foundation of
Franklin’s paper, the “Pennsylvania Ga-
zette,” began the publication of the “Satur-
day Evening Post,” the first issue of which
was August 4, 1821. In 1827 the plant was
moved to No. 112 Chestnut Street, then be-
tween Second and Third. From 1833 until
1840, the business was continued at 36 Car-
ter’s Alley by Samuel C. Atkinson, who had
become the sole proprietor in 1828. In 1840
the business was bought by John S. Du Salle
and George R. Graham, and removed to the
old “Ledger” Building at Third and Chest-
nut Streets. When Charles J. Peterson dis-
placed Du Salle, the business was continued
8
MILEAGE ITINERARY
Route 26—Philadelphia’s Oldest Industries—63.5 m.
BENJAMIN FRANKLIN’S PRINTING PRESS “PUBLIC LEDGER AND NORTH AMERICAN” PRESS
It is owned by the Franklin Printing Company, who Owners also of the “Saturday Evening Post,’ the
represent the unbroken continuation of Franklin’s printing Curtis interests now represent the unbroken continuation
business, begun in 1728. of Franklin’s publishing business.
Mileage
1.4 Ludlow St., directly opposite the Philadelphia Bourse, on right. Stop; walk to No.
518 Ludlow St., Franklin Printing Company, 1728.
1.4 Continue on 5th St.to 1.4 Market St.; turn right.
1.5 4thSt.;turnright. 1.6 Chestnut St.; turn left.
1.7. Bank of North America ard Trust Co., chartered 1781; No. 307 Chestnut St.; standing
on the original site. 1.7 3rd St.; turn left.
1.9 No. 12 North 3d St., J. E. Rhoads & Sons, leather, 1702.
2.0 Arch St.; turn right. 2.2 Delaware Ave.; turn left.
2.3 Pier 10, North Wharves, George W. Bush & Sons Co., transportation, 1774. Reverse to
2.5 Arch St.; turn right, crossing Broad St. at 3.8. 4.2 18th St.; turn right.
No. 124 North 18th St., Christopher Sower Co., publishers, 1738.
4.2 Turn diagonally left on Parkway, curving completely around Logan Circle to
4.5 19th St.; turn right. Academy of Natural Sciences on right.
5.0 Walnut St.; turn right.
5.2 Pass No. 2032 Walnut St., home of the late John Wanamaker.
5.6 Facade of the Commercial Museum (34th below Spruce Sts.) far on left.
5.7. 30th and Walnut Sts. (Westinghouse Electric Co.); stop. Walk down bridge steps on
right to No. 126 South 30th St., Wetherill & Brother, white lead, 1762.
5.7 Continue on Walnut St.to 6.0 33d St.; turn right.
6.1 Turn sharp right into Chestnut St. 6.2 32nd St.; turn left.
6.2 Ludlow St.; turn right. 6.3 Job T. Pugh, augers, 1774, 31st and Ludlow Sts.
6.3 31st St.; turn left by R. R. track to 6.4 Market St.; turn left.
6.5 Bear right onto Lancaster Ave., and immediately right onto 32nd St.
249
DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY
Route 26—Philadelphia’s Oldest Industries—63.5 m.
until 1843 as George R. Graham and Com-
pany, when it was sold to Samuel D. Patter-
son & Co., who in five years turned it over
to Edmund Deacon and Henry Peterson.
These proprietors moved the plant to No.
66 South Third Street, Peterson at the time
editing the “Saturday Evening Post” so suc-
cessfully as to reach a circulation of 100,000
weekly. The “Post” passed through various
vicissitudes and various hands, and finally
was bought in 1898 by the Curtis Publish-
ing Company. After” the retirement “of
Henry Peterson and the death of Edmund
Deacon, E. Stanley Hart took over the busi-
ness in 1877, continuing it as the Franklin
Printing House, and in 1889 the present
Franklin Printing Company was incorpor-
ated. Among the historic relics still cher-
ished by the firm is Franklin’s old printing
press. Another Franklin foundation, trace-
able back to his “Pennsylvania Gazette,” was
the North American, the oldest daily news-
paper in America, recently purchased by
the Curtis interests, and merged with the
Public Ledger.
The Bank of North America, No. 307
Chestnut Street (1.7), founded in 1781, is
not only one of Philadelphia’s oldest cor-
porations but it is the oldest bank chartered
on the American continent.
The present bank building occupies the
site of the bank’s first home, originally the
commodious store of its first cashier—Tench
Francis. Forerunner of the banking system
of the United States, this famous old bank
was the direct outcome of the plan pre-
sented to Congress by Robert Morris, May
17, 1781, and is a monument to his financial
genius. The Bank of North America by
virtue of its historic pre-eminence enjoys a
unique distinction—it is the only national
bank in the United States which does not
have the word “National” in its title. The
bank has recently changed its corporate
title to the Bank of North America and
Trust Company, and now has an up-town
office in the Commercial Trust Building.
AtaNo. 12-Northe ordesicectac) 9) aia.
Rhoads & Sons, lineal descendants, carry on
the business in leather and leather goods es-
tablished by John Rhoads, of Derbyshire,
«ments for coal and lumber.
England, who came to America in 1699, and
first established his tanyard in Chester
County in 1702. Members of the family
possess ancient ledgers showing the early
transactions in hides, bark, and leather, with
entries as early as 1723. When the old
homestead and tannery were sold, a tannery
was purchased and operated in Wilmington,
Del. The firm first opened its store in Phila-
delphia at Nos. 229-33 North Third Street
in 1889, and after various changes finally
established the headquarters of the business
at No. 12 North Third Street.
At Pier 10 North Wharves (2.3) is the
office of the George W. Bush & Sons Com-
pany, transportation and coal shippers, who
have operated boats between Philadelphia
and Wilmington, Delaware, since 1774.
From 1774 until 1790, Samuel Bush, the
son of an old West India trader, made
weekly trips between Wilmington and Phila-
delphia in the “Arm,” a) sloop otwahicty
tons burden. Then came larger boats, and
more frequent service, until by 1865 daily
trips were made to take care of the increased
freightage. The business has been enlarged
from time to time by the addition of depart-
The firm is
now rounding out one hundred and fifty
years of history under the continuous
management of direct descendants of the
founder.
At No. 124 North Eighteenth Street (4.2),
Albert M. Sower, president of the Chris-
topher Sower Company, incorporated in
1888, carries on the publishing business es-
tablished in 1738 by his ancestor, the great
Germantown pioneer printer and publisher,
Christopher Sower.
In 1739 Christopher Sower established a
newspaper in Germantown, and between
1743 and 1777 printed three editions of the
Bible and seven editions of the New Testa-
ment. Christopher Sower in 17/0 printed
Christopher Dock’s famous Schul-Ordnung,
the earliest American treatise on school man-
agement, and the only picture we have of a
colonial school. Sower cast his own type,
made his own paper and printers’ ink, and
bound the books he printed. Christopher
Sower the second continued the business
250
MILEAGE ITINERARY
Route 26—Philadelphia’s Oldest Industries—63.5 m.
THE FIRST BANK OF NORTH AMERICA, 1781 TITLE PAGE OF THE SOWER BIBLE, 1743
The Bank still occupies the site of its original building, The Historical Society of Pennsylvania preserves this copy
Mileage
6.9
7.1
7.6
7.8
8.3
8.5
9.0
10.1
11.0
ive
13.3
ioeh,
13.9
14.0
14.1
16.5
17-5
20.6
22.2
24.1
26.4
the commodious store of its first cashier. of the handiwork of the pioneer Germantown printer.
Powelton Ave.; turn right and immediately left on 31st St. Skyline of skyscrapers
and industries on right; tracks of Pennsylvania Railroad.
Spring Garden St.; turn right onto Spring Garden bridge over the Schuylkill River.
Keep left curving onto Spring Garden St., and passing the Art Museum on left.
23rd St.; turn left.
Poplar St.; turn left. Girard College visible on right.
West College Ave.; turn right. 8.7 North College Ave.; turn right.
22nd St.; turn left.
York and 22nd Sts., R. A. & J. J. Williams Co., lumber, 1751. Turn right onto York
St., and ermediatly left onto Glenwood Ave.
Pass North Philadelphia Station, Pennsylvania Railroad, on Mere. Along Glenwood
Avenue are big manufacturing industries—furniture, baking, lace, knitting, etc.
Allegheny Ave.; turn right; noteworthy for its great modern textile mills—woolens,
worsteds, silk, ribbons, hosiery, upholstery, tape, tapestries, rugs, and carpets.
Pass under Frankford L, bearing right and keeping on Allegheny Ave.
Amber St.; turn right.
No. 3047 Amber St., W. H. & F. Jordan, Jr., Mfg. Co., chemicals and oils, 1778.
Elkhart St.; turn right.
Frankford Ave.; turn right.
Turn diagonally left onto Oxford Ave., joining trolley.
Castor Circle; curve right around, crossing Roosevelt Boulevard, onto Castor Road.
Bear left with trolley onto Bustleton Pike. 22.0 3-corners; bear right.
Bustleton, right-hand street; turn right onto Grant Ave.
4-corners; turn left onto Academy Road.
Right-hand road; turn right onto Andalusia Road.
4.9 |
DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY
Route 26—Philadelphia’s Oldest Industries—63.5 m.
and became minister and bishop of the an-
cient Church of the Brethren, or Dunkards,
still existing at No. 6613 Main Street, Ger-
mantown. The firm has occupied various
buildings in Philadelphia since 1844, and the
firm name has also undergone various
changes until the incorporation of the com-
pany in 1888.
The old firm of Wetherill & Brother,
white lead manufacturers, at No. 126 South
Thirtieth Street (5.7), traces its history to
1762 when Samuel Wetherill, the great
grandson of one of Penn’s first settlers in
1683, established himself as a builder in
Philadelphia.
Samuel Wetherill, one of the founders of
the Religious Society of Free Quakers,
known as the Fighting Quakers, whose meet-
ing house is at the southwest corner of Arch
and Fifth Streets, was read out of meet-
ing by the Society of Friends for his busi-
ness dealings with the government during
the Revolution. Drugs, paints, and chem-
icals were added to his other business activ-
ities in 1778, and from 1783 until 1809 he
imported white lead from. London. Samuel
Wetherill & Son in 1804 erected the first
white lead works in the United States, which
stood at the northwest corner of Broad and
Chestnut Streets, on the site now occupied
by the Girard Trust Company. This first
white lead works in the United States was
destroyed by fire under circumstances con-
ducive to the belief that this means was
adopted by the foreign manufacturers to de-
stroy competition. When the new white
lead works were built in 1808, at Twelfth
and Cherry Streets, the Wetherills were
warned to construct their works so that they
might be easily altered into a brewery, as the
agent of the foreign manufacturers had in-
structions to crush the “infant industry” by
cutting prices. The Wetherill business is in-
teresting as one of the “infant industries”
that was saved after the War of 1812 by
the institution of tariff measures and the
principle of protection.
In the office of William H. Wetherill, the
venerable surviving head of the firm, are
numerous portraits and prints commemora-
tive of the founder and of distinguished
early members of the firm, including John
Price Wetherill. The firm possesses com-
plete office files extending back to 1762. In
1847 the plant was established in its present
site on Thirtieth Street below Chestnut. One
of the historic features of the equipment is
the original walking-beam engine, installed
in 1847, probably the oldest stationary en-
gine in the United States, still in active daily
service, and doing its work well.
At Thirty-first and Ludlow Streets, north-
west corner, occupying its original site (6.3),
is the auger manufactory of Job T. Pugh,
founded in 1774, two years before the sign-
ing of the Declaration of Independence.
This old firm prides itself on the fact that
the holes in the yoke of the old Liberty
Bell were bored with a Pugh bit. The orig-
inal Job T. Pugh was not only the first
auger manufacturer in the United States,
but also the oldest manufacturer of tools in
the country. Seventy-four operations are
required in making an auger, and all the
work is done by hand. When the business
was started, all augers were for hand use;
today, the greater number are for machine
use. The first Job Pugh invented the first
double-twist auger, which saves time by
conveying chips the full length of the twist.
The second Job Pugh, a grandson, invented
the coarse single-screw auger, which is the
only auger that will bore the hardwood of
the tropics. The Pugh augers and bits have
since had a world-wide reputation.
The R. A. & J. J. Williams Co., Twenty-
second and York Streets (10.1), carry on the
lumber business founded in 1751 by Samuel
Williams, who came from Cornwall, Eng-
land, in 1733, and first set up his business
on Walnut Street, when much of even old
Philadelphia was wooded wilderness. The
lumber yard has moved from time to time
following the “frontier line” as represented
in the growth and development of the city,
finally being established in its present loca-
tion in 1882. The business was incorporated
in 1907, but, with one exception, the cor-
poration is still owned and managed by
direct descendants of Samuel Williams.
The house of W. H. and F. Jordan, Jr.,
chemicals and oils, located at No. 3047 Am-
252
Route 26—Philadelphia’s Oldest Industries—63.5 m.
OLD LANDRETH NURSERIES, 1788-1847
A modern schoolhouse at Twenty-third and Federal Streets occupies the site of this old Philadelphia in-
Mileage
28.2
29.7
31.4
31.8
5218)
34.2
34.4
34.5
34.9
Sor
35.9
eV ess
38.3
38.7
39.7
40.3
40.4
40.5
41.5
48.5
50.6
56.1
58.7
58.9
60.4
62.9
63.5
dustry, now transplanted to Bristol, Pa.
Cornwell Heights. 4-corners; turn left, meeting trolley.
Through Eddington. At 30.0 cross R. R. switch.
Fork; bear left with trolley. Through Croydon 31.5.
Bear right with trolley.
Bear right under R. R. onto Otter St., Bristol.
Pond St., Bristol, turn left.
Turn left on Beaver St. across R. R. tracks.
Keep right to 34.6, D. Landreth Seed Co., seeds, 1784. Visit office and warehouse.
Reverse to
Pond St.; turn right.
Otter St.; turn right; crossing iron bridge at 35.2.
Pass under R. R., leaving trolley, and at Fork turn right; sign ‘‘ Hulmeville’
Onviett.
Small tree in fork; bear right across stone bridge at 38.2.
Fork; bear right upgrade.
Newportville, 4-corners; straight through. |
Turn left.
Hulmeville, P. O. on left.
Hulme St.; turn left.
Dead end; turn right.
Lincoln Highway at South Langhorne; turn left.
3-corners; through.
Pass onto Roosevelt Boulevard.
Pass on right Sears, Roebuck Co.
Bear left on Hunting Park Ave.
Broad St.; turn left.
North Philadelphia Station, on right.
Baldwin Locomotive Works, on right.
City Hall, PHILADELPHIA.
’
; cemetery
253
DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY
Route 26—Philadelphia’s Oldest Industries—63.5 m.
ber Street (13.9), was founded in 1778 by
Godfrey Haga, the uncle of John Jordan,
who succeeded to his uncle’s business in
1793:
Godfrey Haga was an early philanthro-
pist, bequeathing a quarter of a million
dollars to the Moravian Church for mission-
ary purposes, and $27,000 to Philadelphia
charities. The firm, through the associations
of John Jordan, became the fiscal agents for
the Moravians in the United States for over
acentury. John Jordan’s wife was a grand-
daughter of William Henry, of Lancaster,
Assistant Commissary-General of Pennsyl-
vania in the Revolutionary War, member of
the Continental Congress, and notable for his
early influence on the boy artist West, whose
portraits of Mr. and Mrs. Henry are now
in the possession of the Historical Society
of Pennsylvania. A great grandson of the
Henrys was Dr. John W. Jordan, the dis-
tinguished Librarian of the Historical So-
ciety of Pennsylvania. One of the members
of the Jordan family for nearly thirty years
was president of the Manufacturers National
Bank.
The D. Landreth Seed Company, seed
farmers and merchants, whose nurseries are
now located at Bristol, Pa. (34.6), began
business in Philadelphia in 1784, when
David Landreth, founder of the business,
son of a Northumberland farmer, set him-
self up here in the tree-growing business.
The first business place was on High
Street, on the present site of Nos. 1210 and
1212 Market Street, then a location well out
in the country. In 1789 the Landreth nurs-
ery and seed garden was established in the
het avin
“Neck.” In 1847 the old mansion on the nurs-
ery grounds at Twenty-third and Federal
Streets became a public school, and was
subsequently replaced by the present Land-
reth Public School building.
The Landreth nurseries have supplied
many of the fine trees that now embellish
the old country seats around Philadelphia.
Some of the oldest ashes, elms, birches, oaks,
and buttonwoods still to be seen in Wash-
ington and Independence Squares are fine
examples of their trees, first planted about
the beginning of the last century. The first
David Landreth began in 1832 the issue of
the Floral Magazine, the first agricultural
journal ever published in America. The
second David Landreth was one of the
founders in 1827 of the Pennsylvania Hor-
ticultural Society, the mother of all similar
societies in the United States. Mr. Burnet
Landreth, grandson of the founder, and
head of the present company, was a moving
spirit in the organization of the Association
of Centenary Firms and Corporations of
the United States, organized in the office
of D. Landreth & Sons, Philadelphia, in
1889, and became the first president of that
remarkable association of firms and cor-
porations established and conducted by the
same family for over one hundred years.
This association numbers eighty-seven es-
tablishments, fifty of which are continued in
Philadelphia. Mr. Landreth, who was Chief
of the Bureau of Agriculture of the Centen-
nial Exposition, is the last surviving member
of the group of officers who carried through
successfully the International Exposition of
1876.
THE HOLES IN THE LIBERTY BELL YOKE
WERE BORED WITH A PUGH BIT
254
SUPPLEMENT TO ROUTE 26
Philadelphia’s Oldest Industries—Complete List of Centenary Firms
The long list of business firms and industries in Philadelphia that have been in continuous existence
for more than one hundred years is an honor roll of which the whole Nation may be proud. As one enthusiastic
writer has said: ‘These houses date back long before the days of coal, gas, railroads, electricity, telephones
or telegraphs—some long before the days of steam or banks, and even before there was a State of Penn-
sylvania.
Some of them were old, very old, when the Nation was born. And they are in business to-day!
What a background of traditions, of honest, worthy merchandising! . . . No other city in America ranks
with Philadelphia in this regard.’’
Following is the complete list for 1925 of Philadelphia’s centenary firms, including the
sixteen already described in detail :—
1687 The Francis Perot’s Sons Malting Co.
1702 J. E. Rhoads & Sons, Leather.
1728 Franklin Printing Co., Printers.
1728 Saturday Evening Post, Magazine.
1738 Christopher Sower Co., Publishers.
1751 R. A. and J. J. Williams Co., Lumber.
1752 Phila. Contributionship Insurance Houses from
Loss by Fire.
1762 Wetherill & Bro., White Lead.
1771 The North American, Newspaper.
1772 John T. Lewis & Bros. Co., White Lead.
1774 Job T. Pugh, Inc., Augers.
1774 Robert Smith Brewery, Brewers.
1774 Geo. W. Bush & Sons Co., Transportation.
1778 W. H. and F. Jordan, Jr., Chemicals and Oils.
1781 Bank of North America and Trust Co.
1783 Francis Rawle, Lawyer.
1784 D. Landreth Seed Co., Seeds.
1784 The Mutual Assurance Co., Insurance.
1785 Lea & Febiger, Publishers.
1788 Joseph Oat & Sons, Coppersmiths.
1790 Shryock Bros., Paper.
1790 Nathan Trotter & Co., Tin Merchants.
1791 T. S. Johnson Sons Co., Roofers.
1792 J. B. Lippincott Co., Publishers.
1792 Insurance Co. of North America, Insurance.
1792 Thomas & George Ross, Lawyers.
1793 Harrison Bros. & Co., White Lead.
1793 Harry L. Buckius, Meats.
1794 The Insurance Company of the State of Penn-
sylvania.
1794 Charles Warner Co., Transportation.
1798 J. Gibson Mcllvain Co., Lumber.
1800 Brown Brothers & Co., Bankers.
1800 Kirk and Nice, Undertakers.
1803 Philadelphia National Bank, Bankers.
1803 R. D. Wood & Co., Iron Merchants.
1804 Charles Eneu Johnson & Co., Inks.
1804 E. W. Woolman, Milk.
1805 Samuel T. Freeman & Co., Auctioneers.
1806 William and Harvey Rowland, Inc., Springs.
1807 C. Bockius Co., Glazed Kid.
1807 H. M. and C. B. Siner, Brick Manufacturer.
1807 George D. Wetherill & Co., White Lead.
1808 John R. McFetridge & Sons, Printers.
1810 George C. Child & Son, Jewelers.
1810 N. and G. Taylor Co., Inc., Tin Plate.
1811 Edward K. Tryon Co., Firearms,
1812 Pennsylvania Company for Insurance on Lives
and Granting Annuities.
1812 Proctor & Schwarz, Inc., Woolen Machinery.
1812 Janney Lumber Co., Lumber.
1813 Frank A. Hookey, Undertaker.
1813 William Whitaker & Sons, Cotton Goods.
1814 H. O. Hurlburt & Sons, Wholesale Jewelers.
1814 National Bank of Germantown.
1814 George P. Pilling & Son Co., Surgical In-
struments,
1815 The Edwards China Co., China and Glassware.
1815 Horace T. Potts & Co., Iron and Steel.
1815 C. Schrack & Co., Varnishes and Colors.
1815 Adam Pfromm & Co., Wholesale Drugs.
1816 Belz-Duncan Co., Electrotypers.
1816 William H. Horstmann Co., Uniforms.
1816 Philadelphia Saving Fund Society.
1816 Armstrong, Wilkins & Co., Shoe Manufactur-
img Goods.
1817 Monroe Bros. & Co., Boots and Shoes.
1817 William Barnett & Sons, Starch.
1817 Fire Association of Philadelphia.
1818 Powers, Weightman, Rosengarten Co.,
Chemists.
1818 Riggs & Bro., Jewelers.
1819 George D. Feidt & Co., Chemicals and Labora-
tory Supplies.
1819 Charles Lennig & Co., Inc., Manufacturing
Chemists.
1820 H. W. Butterworth & Sons Co., Machinery.
1820 Hastings & Co., Gold Leaf.
1820 Wm. F. Murphy’s Sons Co., Stationers.
1821 Horrocks & Bro., Dye Works.
1821 Edwin A. Smith & Son, Builders Supplies.
1822 R. R. Bringhurst & Co., Inc., Undertakers.
1822 Douredoure Brothers, Merchants.
1822 Lehigh Coal and Navigation Co.
1822 Bullock Brothers, Wool.
1823 E. Bradford Clarke Co., Groceries.
1823 John B. Ellison & Sons, Cloths and Woolens.
1824 Jacob Reed’s Sons, Clothing.
1824 John Sidebotham, Inc., Tapes.
1825 Pennsylvania Fire Insurance Company,
Insurance.
1825 Southwark National Bank.
1825 Walter F. Einwechter, Bricklayer.
1825 Riehle Brothers Testing Machine Co.,
Machinery,
255
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ROUTE—127
The National Government in Philadelphia
The historic memorials of the United States Government in Philadelphia include many places besides
Independence Hall, Congress Hall, Old City Hall, and Carpenters’ Hall,—already described. In addition
to the Post Office and the Custom House, numerous national institutions in Philadelphia have seen daily
service almost from the foundation of the government. Here are the Philadelphia Navy Yard, League Island,
the oldest navy yard in the United States and the largest in the world; the historic Schuylkill Arsenal, the
bulwark of every war in the nation’s history since the Revolution; the Philadelphia Quartermaster’s Depot,
where the modern Betsy Ross still makes “Old Glory”; the United States Mint, the first and oldest in
America, and the largest in output in the world; and the Frankford Arsenal, where the manufacture of arms
and ammunition has been carried on for over a century. The mileage from the City Hall, and necessary
directions how to reach each of these places of importance, will be found under the illustrations.
OME of the activities of Uncle Sam in
Philadelphia may be classified among
the wonders of the nation and the world. The
sight-seer in making trips should follow the
bent of his interests as well as the necessities
of the time at his disposal. The Philadelphia
Navy Yard, the making of “Old Glory” at
ful in carrying out whatever trips are made:
The Philadelphia Navy Yard, League Island,
at the end of south Broad Street, is the largest
navy yard in the world. It occupies 923
acres. During the last months of the war its
average daily population was 25,000. Its
monster dry-dock is the biggest in the world,
the Quartermaster’s Depot, and the United
States Mint should not be missed.
The following summaries will be found use-
accommodating vessels 1000 feet long. Its
equipment of great shops and ways, and
powerful machinery, includes all the marvels
THE MODERN BETSY ROSS AT WORK ON “OLD GLORY”
At the Philadelphia Depot of the Quartermaster’s Department, Twenty-first and Oregon Avenue, are
made all the flags used by the United States Army. Go south on Broad Street from City Hall to Oregon
Avenue 2.3, turning right. At 2.8 turn left; at 2.9, right. Entrance to Depot 3.0 m.
257
The National Government in Philadelphia
GATEWAY TO THE SCHUYLKILL ARSENAL, 1799
At No. 2620 Gray’s Ferry Road is the oldest landmark of the National Government in Philadelphia.
Go south on Broad Street from City Hall to South Street, 0.5, turning right.
At 1.8, entrance to Arsenal.
left onto Gray’s Ferry Road.
of naval construction. Its naval aircraft
factory was one of the wonders of the war.
A regiment of marines is always stationed at
the yard, and usually there are as many as
7000 sailors. When the yard was first re-
opened to visitors after the war nearly 100,000
persons passed through the gates in one day.
League Island itself was first put upon a
map by the Swedish engineer Peter Lind-
strom in 1654-55. It was bought by the city
of Philadelphia in 1862, and presented to the
United States Government for a new navy
yard. The old Navy Yard was located on
the Delaware at the foot of Federal Street,
and for nearly a century was the only navy
yard of the United States. It was originally
the site of the shipyard of Joshua Humphries,
who built the frigate United States, and who
became the nation’s first naval constructor.
The Philadelphia Quartermaster Depot,
Twenty-first Street and Oregon Avenue, is
the modern home of the modern “Betsy
Ross.’’ Here, in the successor of the historic
At 23rdgStréetnlZaituan
Schuylkill Arsenal, are made ‘Old Glory”
and all the flags used by the United States
Army. In 1906 the Schyulkill Arsenal
became officially known as the Philadelphia
Depot of the Quartermaster’s Department.
During the World War the designation became
the Philadelphia Quartermaster Intermediate
Depot, coincident with the opening of the
extensive new plant at Twenty-first and
Oregon, occupying sixty-six acres. With the
opening of the new depot, the manufacturing
and other activities formerly centered at the
old arsenal were transferred to the new plant.
The making of ‘Old Glory” at the Phila-
delphia Depot is a stirring sight not to be
missed. Thirteen operations are now neces-
sary to the manufacture of the once hand-
made Stars and Stripes. After inspection the
bunting is marked and cut with an electric-
driven cutting machine into strips of two
lengths for making the flag. One hundred
stripes are cut in a single operation. The
blue field for the stars is cut in the same way.
258
The National Government in Philadelphia
THE UNITED STATES MINT—BUILT 1901I—ESTABLISHED 1792
On Spring Garden Street between Sixteenth and Seventeenth is located the oldest mint in the United
States and the largest in output in the world. Go north on Broad Street from City Hall, reversing at
Green Street (0.7) for west turn on Spring Garden Street.
The material for stars is stamped out with a
steel-cutting die, also on an electric-driven
stamping machine. In the operating room
the alternate red and white stripes are joined
together on a double-needle sewing machine.
Each blue bunting field is carefully marked
for its stars, and the stars are stitched on with
a zig-zag machine. Numerous other operations
complete the process.
The Schuylkill Arsenal, Gray’s Ferry Road
and Washington Avenue, is the chief land-
mark in the history of the Quartermaster’s
Department of the United States Army.
Purchased by the Secretary of War in 1799,
the grounds of the Arsenal have been under
continuous control of the United States
Government ever since. The first building
erected is still standing showing the date-stone
of 1800. With the opening of the Frankford
Arsenal, in 1818, the Schuylkill Arsenal began
to lose its character as an ‘‘arsenal,’’ since
that time becoming the great workshop,
storehouse, and centre of distribution of
clothing for soldiers, including everything
connected with the uniform—coats, shirtings,
At 1.0 mentrance to Mint.
pantaloons, stockings, overcoats, shoes, gloves,
mittens, caps, helmets, plumes and cap orna-
ments, and also bedding, blankets, tents, and
other camp equipage.
The Schuylkill Arsenal has been the bul-
wark of every war in the nation’s history
since the Revolution. Indeed, records at the
Arsenal begin with 1781 and include numerous
transactions previous to 1800. Among the
historic documents on file are the records of
“the annuities”? paid to the Indians in early
days; the records of the shipments of “ gifts”’
or annuities sent to the Barbary ‘“‘pirates;”’
and the records of the equipment furnished
the famous Lewis and Clark expedition in
1803, which resulted in the exploration and
annexation of the Great Northwest.
The United States Naval Asylum, situated
on Gray’s Ferry Road, at the corner of Bain-
bridge Street, is occupied by old sailors. The
attractive buildings in their spacious grounds
of twenty-five acres were formally dedicated
in 1831. Here was first established the United
States Naval Academy, which was removed
to Annapolis, Maryland, in 1845.
259
The National Government in Philadelphia
THE UNITED STATES POST OFFICE
Extending on Ninth Street from Market to Chestnut, it is built on ground occupied by the University of
Pennsylvania from 1802 until 1873.
The United States Naval Hospital, although
located on the grounds of the Naval Asylum,
is under different management. The hospital
was built in 1864-68.
The United States Mint, now located on
Spring Garden Street, and extending from
Sixteenth to Seventeenth, is the oldest mint
in the United States and in output is the
largest in the world. The Philadelphia Mint
was established by act of Congress, April 2,
1792. David Rittenhouse was the first
Director. The original Mint stood on the
east side of Seventh Street above Market
(1792-1833), and was the first building erected
in any part of the United States under the
authority of the National Government. From
1833 until 1901, the Mint occupied the present
site of the Widener Building, Juniper and
Chestnut Streets. The Grecian columns
that graced the portico of the Chestnut
Street Mint now stand on the grounds of the
Go east from City Hall on Market Street to 0.4 m.
Jewish Hospital, Old York and Tabor Roads.
The operations of coinage are open to public
inspection as well as the largest and most
valuable collection of coins and medals in the
United States. Among the coins are some
dating to 2000 years before the Christian era.
The ‘‘widow’s mite,” found near the site of
the temple at Jerusalem, is one of many coins
of surpassing interest. United States copper
cents were first coined in 1793, silver dollars
in 1794, and gold eagles in 1795. The first
gold received from California was deposited
in the Philadelphia Mint, December 8, 1848.
The United States Post Office, Ninth Street,
from Market to Chestnut, began business on
this site in 1884. The corner-stone of the
building was laid in 1873, on ground occupied
by the University of Pennsylvania from 1802-
1873. One of the University buildings was the
so-called ‘‘ presidential mansion,” built by the
State of Pennsylvania in 1792-97 for Wash-
260
The National Government in Philadelphia
THE UNITED STATES CUSTOM HOUSE
Located on Chestnut Street, between Fourth and Fifth, in one of the finest specimens of Doric archi-
tecture in the world. From City Hall, go east on Market Street to Sixth, turning right to Chestnut
Street; left on Chestnut to 1.1 m.
ington, but never occupied by him. Boyle’s
statue on the Chestnut Street front com-
memorates Franklin as Postmaster General.
The upper stories of the Post Office build-
ing are occupied by the United States circuit
and district courts, United States district
attorney, marshal, court clerks, and other
officers of the National Government.
The United States Custom House, Chestnut
Street between Fourth and Fifth, occupies a
building originally constructed for the second
United States Bank, 1819-1824. The building
is considered one of the finest specimens of
Doric architecture in the world, and was mod-
eled after the Parthenon at Athens. It was first
used by the Custom House in 1845. In early
times the collectors of revenue occupied their
own residences or stores. Carpenters’ Hall
was rented for Custom House purposes from
1802 until 1817. From 1817 until 1845 the
261
Custom House occupied its own building on
Second Street below Dock, west side.
The United States Arsenal at Frankford, .
popularly known as the Frankford Arsenal,
is located at Tacony Road and Bridge Street,
near Bridesburg. Originally a plot of twenty
acres, bought by the National Government
in 1816, the grounds of the Arsenal have
recently been increased to over 62 acres. The
manufacture of small arms and ammunition
has gone on at the Frankford Arsenal for over
a century. Occasionally big ordnance has
been manufactured here. During the late
World War 6100 persons were employed in
the various processes of manufacture.
The complete activities of the United States
Government in Philadelphia are too extensive
even to enumerate here. The full list, with
addresses, will be found in the Bell Telephone
Directory.
GITY HALL SOUARES AST LD LOOKED Gils yuesamicue
This captivating view of our ancestors in the early days of the republic was painted by John Lewis
Krimmell, and the original is at the Academy of Fine Arts. See page 198.
THE “CITY HALL” AS IT LOOKED IN 71682
This is Birch’s well known print of Penn’s original home on Letitia Street, where the government of
the City and the State began.
SUMMARY ROUTE A
The William Penn Sight-Seeing Tour—20.7 m.
Arranged especially for visitors limited in time, this sight-seeing tour of Philadelphia, based on Historic
Route 2—Memorials of William Penn, embraces some of the best scenic and historic features of the Quaker
City.
Beginning with a view of the city from City Hall Tower, it leads through sections of old Philadelphia
that are still full of the charm of Colonial days; it includes colorful pictures of streets and buildings, modern
and ancient; it gives sweeping glimpses of ships and shipping on the Delaware River front, together with
an impressive view of the new Delaware River Bridge; it shows where Penn landed in .1682; where he made
his famous treaty with the Indians, and the house in which he lived—the first brick house in Philadelphia;
it allows time for brief visits to Old Swedes’ Church, Girard College, Memorial Hall, Horticultural Hall, the
Aquarium; it provides time to see at the Historical Society of Pennsylvania celebrated historic paintings
and stirring personal relics of Penn, Washington, Franklin, Lincoln; and others; after a magnificent view
of the city from Belmont Hill, it concludes with a drive through romantic Fairmount Park, showing the pic-
turesque beauties of both sides of the lovely Schuylkill; and finally, after passing the memorials to Grant,
Lincoln, and Washington, ends in the perfect panorama of the Parkway, said to be the most beautiful prom-
enade in America.
A full morning or afternoon is necessary for this trip. Two hours are required for actual driving-time,
but adequate additional time must be allowed if stops are made at City Hall, Historical Society of Pennsyl-
vania, Old Swedes’ Church, Penn Treaty Park, Memorial Hall, the Aquarium, or other places of interest.
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0.0 CITY HALL, Philadelphia, south side. After visiting City Hall Tower, go east on
‘South Penn Square.
City Haliim—Long noted as the largest single building in the world, this home of the municipal gov-
ernment occupies ground dedicated by William Penn for public uses at the foundation of the city.
The cornerstone was laid July 4, 1874, and the statue of Penn was raised in place in 1894. This
statue weighs 53,348 pounds, and is 37 feet high. The main tower is 548 feet high.
City Hall Tower.—Guides for visiting the tower will be found on the first floor, east corridor.
0.0 Juniper St.; turn right. On left
The Wanamaker Store.—Founded by John Wanamaker, originator in the development of the
department store in America, this great Philadelphia institution is a daily international exposition
of the choice products of the world. The Wanamaker organ, originally exhibited at the St. Louis
Exposition and since enlarged, is the largest and most majestic instrument in the world.
0.1 Cross Chestnut St. 0.2 Cross Walnut St.
0.3 Stop to visit the following, and then continue on Juniper St.
Philadelphia Library Company (northeast corner of Locust and Juniper).—Established on its present
site in 1880, this is the library founded by Franklin in 1731—the oldest public library in America.
In the niche over the doorway is the Lazzarini statue of Franklin, presented in 1792. William
Penn’s desk, electrical apparatus used by Franklin in 1746, and relics of Washington are to be found
immediately on entrance.
Historical Society of Pennsylvania (Locust and 13th Sts., southwest corner).—Instituted in 1824,
the society possesses a rich collection of books, manuscripts, historic portraits, and relics. Not
to be missed are the portrait of ‘‘Penn in Armor,’’ Penn’s famous Indian Wampum Belt, Washing-
ton’s desk, Franklin’s composing-stick, and Lincoln’s law library. For other details see General
Index.
0.4 Spruce St.; turn left. Between 13th and 12th Sts., cross
Camac Street.—A famous little street that has earned the name of the ‘‘Greenwich Village’’ of
Philadelphia. Its quaint old houses have been made over into old-fashioned clubs, studios, and
places for adventures in eating.
0.8 Spruce St., east of 9th, north side
Portuguese Hebrew Burying Ground, 1740.—Rebecca Gratz, the original of Scott’s heroine in
“Tvanhoe,”’ lies buried here.
0.9 8th St.; turn right to main entrance of the
Pennsylvania Hospital, 1754.—Aside from its humanitarian and scientific importance, this insti-
tution is of great historic interest. The cornerstone with the quaint inscription written by Franklin
in 1754, the great scion of the Penn Treaty Elm, Benjamin West’s “‘Christ Healing the Sick,” the
beautiful Colonial stair-case and woodwork, and the antique library at the top of the building are
all of exceptional interest.
263
The William Penn Sight-Seeing Tour—20.7 m.
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1.0
Bel
1.2
1.4
1.6
Zak
FOOT OF MARKET STREET IN 1890
Pine St.; turn right. Colonial house on left; spire of St. Peter’s Church visible down
Pine St. Midway in block, on right
Statue of William Penn.—Given by Penn’s grandson, John Penn, of Stoke Pogis, England, in 1804.
9th St.; turn right. Immediately on left is passed Clinton Street, charming relic of the
old Quaker City, and sometimes called the most restful street in Philadelphia. j
Spruce St.; turn right.
6th and Spruce Sts., southwest corner
Birthplace of Joseph Jefferson.—A tablet records the birth of ‘Rip Van Winkle,’’ February 20, 1829.
Holy Trinity Catholic Church, 1789 (northwest corner).—On the north side of this quaint red and
black brick building is a small cemetery where Stephen Girard was first buried. Here also, says
tradition, is buried the original of Longfellow’s Evangeline.
No. 336 Spruce St., south side, east of 4th St.
Lewis-Fisher-Wharton House, 1796.—A beautiful old house with an important family history.
See Route 19.
Front St.; turn right. Conspicuous for its old houses, brick and wooden.
Front below Lombard, west side—
Pastorius Tablet.—Marks the site of the cave-house built here in 1683 by Francis Daniel Pastorius,
the founder of Germantown. See Route 3.
Cross
South Street.—The southern boundary of the City of Philadelphia down to 1854, when by act
of consolidation city and county became coterminous. On this street stood the Old Southwark
Theatre, frequently attended by Washington, where in 1767 was produced the first American play
ever publicly acted, written by Thomas Godfrey, Jr., a Philadelphian, son of the inventor of the
quadrant.
264
The William Penn Sight-Seeing Tour—20.7 m.
MARKET STREET AT SECOND IN 1709
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2.4 Cross Catharine Street, named for Catharine Swanson, whose family was the original
Swedish owner of the greater part of South Philadelphia.
2.4 Cross Queen Street, still notable for its long line of old Swedish houses. The name, like
that of Christian Street, is commemorative of Queen Christina of Sweden.
2.5) Gonstian St.; turn left.
2.6 South Water Street; turn right to entrance.
Old Swedes’ Church, 1700.—On the gallery is the oldest public record of the use of the Swedish
language in America; in the vestry room are Philadelphia’s earliest American naturalization papers,
granted by Penn to the builder and first pastor of this church, now the oldest church edifice in Phila-
delphia. Among the old tombstones is one of a member of the Swanson family, original Swedish
owners of most of South and West Philadelphia. Here lies buried Alexander Wilson, the orni-
thologist. See Route 1.
Continue on South Water St. to Washington Ave., turning left; and immediately left
again (bearing right across R.R. tracks) onto
Delaware Avenue.—The International Mercantile Marine Co., Piers Nos. 53 and 55, is repre-
sentative of the big shipping interests on the Delaware River water-front. With 20 miles of water
frontage on the Delaware, the port of Philadelphia ranks second in the United States, although
less than one-half of the river front is improved. A feature of this great avenue is the continuous
Belt Line Railroad, with direct track connections with all piers and connecting with the three great
trunk line railroads, eliminating the necessity of lighterage.
Municipal Piers.—Since the creation of the Department of Wharves, Docks and Ferries in 1907,
the development of Municipal Piers has been rapid. Over one hundred ocean-going steamers and
a like number of coast-wise and river craft can be accommodated in the 267 wharves of all sizes
that line the river front.
3.4 South Street Ferry —Reading Railway Ferry to Camden and Seashore Resorts.
3.6 Dock St. and Delaware Ave.; turn left, passing on left
Old Dock Street Market. rye original centre of Philadelphia’s produce and fruit supply, now
grown so great as to necessitate the use of the whole of Dock Street and many surrounding streets.
3.7 Dock and Front Sts., northwest corner.
Blue Anchor Inn.—The present building, no longer an inn, was a successor of the original ‘‘ Blue
Anchor,’’ which stood at the spot where Penn landed when he first came up the Delaware in 1682.
265
The William Penn Sight-Seeing Tour—20.7 m.
Se
CORN EXCHANGE NATIONAL BANK
At Second and Chestnut Streets, in the block in which Penn built his first home and laid the founda-
tions of the city, stands this financial representative of the great business interests that have grown up
in this historic region.
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3.7 Curve right on Dock St.
3.8 Cross 2nd St.; visible on right, 2nd and Walnut Sts., northeast corner
Old Krider Gun-shop, 1754.—On this spot in 1680 was born Edward Drinker, the fist white child
born on Philadelphia soil.
Seamen’s Church Institute (2nd and Walnut Sts.).. Attendance in Recreation Rooms (5 mos.) 51,611.
3.9 Walnut St.; turn left.
Insurance Company of North America. Founded 1792.—The gigantic new building of the oldest
marine insurance company in America is being erected on the Parkway.
Old Stock Exchange Building.—This dignified old structure, the first home of the Philadelphia
Stock Exchange, was opened for business in 1834. During the Civil War it was the financial centre
of the United States.
4.0 3rd St.; turn right.
First United States Bank (Third St. opposite Dock).—The present occupant of this classic marble
structure, erected in 1797 for the First United States Bank, is the Girard National Bank, which
began business here in 1832 as the Girard Bank. From 1811 until 1831 the building was occupied
by Stephen Girard as a private bank. It is the oldest banking building in America.
4.0 Chestnut St.; turn right.
4.1 Chestnut and 2nd Sts., northeast corner, Corn Exchange National Bank, Main Office.
266
The William Penn Sight-Seeing ‘Tour—20.7 m.
Aerial photograph by Victor Dallin
DELAWARE RIVER BRIDGE FROM THE CAMDEN SIDE
Compare the river front along Delaware Avenue, above Market Street, with its great modern piers, and
the foot of Market Street in 1709, as shown in the illustration on page 265,
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4.2 Letitia St.; turn left at No. 115 Chestnut St.
Letitia Street——Named for Penn’s daughter, who owned for many years the block from Front to
Second and half-way to Chestnut St. On the west side, near Market St., stood the ‘‘ Letitia House,”
removed in 1883 to West Fairmount Park, and now generally called the William Penn House.
4.3 Market St.; turn right.
Camden Ferries. (To New Jersey and Seashore Resorts.)—Market Street Ferry—Pennsylvania
Railroad. Chestnut Street Ferry—Philadelphia & Reading R.R.
Franklin and Market Streets.—At the foot of Market Street Benjamin Franklin landed in Phila-
delphia one Sunday morning in October, 1723, and made the memorable walk up Market Street,
' penny roll in hand, which so amused the pretty young woman who afterwards became his wife.
4.4 Delaware Ave.; turn right and reverse immediately on Delaware Ave.
Stephen Girard Estate.—Delaware Avenue, north of Market, west side, was the original estate of
Stephen Girard. It extended through to Water Street, where stood Girard’s home, in which he
entertained Talleyrand and Louis Philippe, and many distinguished French refugees.
4.6 Cross Arch St.
Delaware River Bridge.—This largest suspension bridge in the world is to be formally opened
July 4, 1926. The estimated cost is $35,000,000. The central span is 1750 feet long, and the height
of the towers is 375 feet.
North Delaware Avenue.—Recently developed into a magnificent commercial boulevard, from
Market Street to Port Richmond, this great highway gives a wonderful picture of steamboat and
steamship lines, great terminal freight stations, gigantic storage warehouses, and many diversified
commercial and manufacturing plants. The new Municipal Piers are again a striking feature.
At Pier No. 10 is the Bush Line, between Philadelphia and Wilmington, operated by the George
W. Bush & Sons Company since 1774.
5.3 Fork; keep on Delaware Ave. 5.9 Turn to right on Beach St. with R.R.
6.0 Columbia Ave. and Beach St.
Penn Treaty Park and Monument.—Here was the scene of Penn’s famous treaty with the Indians
—‘not ratified by an oath”’ and ‘‘never broken.’” The nearby monument, erected in 1827, com-
memorates the treaty and marks the site of the ‘‘ Treaty Elm,’’ blown down in 1810.
6.0 Continue, by turning left on East Columbia Ave. 6.2 East Girard Ave.; turn left.
267
The William Penn Sight-Seeing Tour—20.7 m.
PENN TREATY ELM AT SHACKAMAXON
The great twenty million dollar plant of the Philadelphia Electric Company now bounds the site of Penn’s
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Wel.
8.3
8.7
8.7
9.2
9.5
9.7
9.9
Treaty with the Indians. See illustration on page 75.
Cross Broad St.; City Hall Tower and Penn Statue on left.
Corinthian and Girard Aves., Entrance Lodge to
Girard College.—Founded by Stephen Girard for orphan boys and first opened in 1848. The beau-
tiful Main Building, magnificent in design and proportions, with its spacious colonnade of thirty-
four Corinthian columns, has been called ‘‘the most perfect Greek Temple in existence.’’ The
grounds of the college occupy forty acres. In the Main Building is a fascinating collection of per-
sonal relics of Girard. See Route 22.
Bear right on Poplar St.
West College Ave.; turn right. 8.8 Girard Ave.; turn left.
Cross bridge over R.R.
Cross Girard Ave. bridge.
Fairmount Park.—Extending for many miles along both sides of the lovely Schuylkill River and
for four miles along picturesque and historic Wissahickon Creek, embracing over 3600 acres, Fair-
mount Park is the largest and most beautiful city parkin America. The name “‘ Faire Mount”’ was
given by Penn’s surveyor-general to the region since known as ‘‘The Old Park.’”’ The West Park
was the scene of the Centennial City in 1876.
Turn left for entrance to the
Zoological Garden.—This attractive collection of wild animals, birds, and reptiles from all parts
of the world, now occupying 33 acres, was first opened July 4, 1874, on the historic grounds of Soli-
tude. It is one of the show places of Philadelphia.
By continuing to this point on the drive at the side of the Zoological Garden may be
seen within the grounds
Solitude, 1785.—Built by William Penn’s grandson, John Penn, who resided here after the Revo-
lution and at one time owned half the province of Pennsylvania. The building and the grounds
were bought from Penn’s great-grandson in 1852, this transaction ending the proprietorship of the
Penn family in Pennsylvania.
268
_ The William Penn Sight-Seeing Tour—20.7 m.
MEMORIAL HALL—WEST FAIRMOUNT PARK
This permanent memorial of the Centennial Exhibition of 1876 is a treasure house of industrial arts,
paintings, antiques, and curios.
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9.9 Reverse, bearing diagonally right at 10.0 through right-hand arch under R.R. onto
Lansdowne Drive, West Fairmount Park.
10.1 William Penn House.—Removed from Letitia Street to Lansdowne Drive in 1883, this humble
house, built in 1682 by Penn for his daughter Letitia, is venerated as the oldest brick building in
Philadelphia, Penn’s first home in the ‘City of Brotherly Love,’’ and the first Statehouse in
Pennsylvania.
Continue on Lansdowne Drive down grade, then curve up steep grade, passing
10.5 Sweet Briar Mansion, 1797.—Judge Samuel Breck, who built this house and lived in it to the ripe
age of ninety-one years, spanned in his life the entire period of American history from the war for
Independence to the war for Union. Thaddeus Stevens saved, but Samuel Breck founded the
common school system of the State of Pennsylvania (1836). See Route 19.
Avoid left-hand road just beyond 10.5.
10.7 4-corners; straight through. Bear right at fork just beyond; then at crossroad keep left.
On the left the Smith Civil War Memorial.
10.9 Memorial Hall.—In this permanent memorial of the Centennial Exposition of 1876 is a complete
and fascinating model of the grounds and buildings of the Centennial City. Here is installed the
Pennsylvania Museum of the School of Industrial Art, a collection of ceramics, medals, metals,
furniture, and textiles of surpassing interest. Housed here also is the Wilstach Collection of paint-
ings, founded in 1892 as the nucleus of a municipal art gallery.
11.0 General Meade Statue; by Alexander M. Calder.
11.2 Turn right, with Japanese Garden and Temple Gate (a relic of the Centennial Exposi-
tion) on left; immediately right to
11.5 Entrance to Horticultural Hall. Immediately opposite is the Jewish Monument to
Religious Liberty, erected by the B’nai B’rith in commemoration of the Centennial
anniversary of American Independence.
Horticultural Hall.—Famous for its collection of magnificent tree ferns and other tropical plants,
and for its sunken garden at the west end of the building. Horticultural Hall was one of the original
main buildings of the Centennial Exposition.
11.5 Encircle Horticultural Hall to
269
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12.2
T235
13.1
13.5
13.6
13.8
14.6
3
15.9
16.1
16.2
16.8
16.9
17.0
Eivez
E72
17.6
18.0
18.3
18.6
18.8
19.0
19.0
19.4
19.5
The William Penn Sight-Seeing ‘Tour—20.7 m.
Fork; turn right; up grade onto Belmont Hill. Magnificent view of the distant city.
Belmont Mansion, 1745.—Originally the mansion of ‘an early colonial plantation, and the home
of a staunch patriot in Revolutionary days, Belmont is rich in memories of the remarkable Judge
Richard Peters, who entertained here Washington and many distinguished guests. The beautiful
colonial interior should not be missed. See Routes 5 and 10.
Turn right, crossing stone bridge over trolley onto old Speedway.
Turn right, curving down steep hill. 13.1 At top of grade, turn right.
Greenland; the old mansion on the right, is the relic of a lost village.
Turn left down hill, leaving trolley bridge on right.
Turn left, at foot of hill, onto
West River Drive.—One of the loveliest sections of Fairmount Park’s one hundred miles of drives
and foot-paths.
Turn right over Falls of Schuylkill bridge. 14.8 Turn right onto
East River Drive.—Vies in beauty with its west bank rival. Along its shores gay crowds gather to
witness the American Henley and other races. :
Tomb of Elisha Kent Kane, ruggedly placed on the hillside, near the walled embankment
of Laurel Hill Cemetery. A steep path at this point leads to
The Grave of Charles Thomson.—The obelisk of this great Revolutionary patriot, who was the
first Secretary of Congress and the first American translator of the Bible, commands a view of
exceptional beauty. See Route 11.
Turn left up hill, leaving River Drive.
On the heights at the left is Strawberry Mansion.
Statue of The Medicine Man. At 4-corners, straight through; also at 16.4
Ormiston, a revolutionary mansion once belonging to a noted loyalist.
Fork; keep right.
Rockland, built in 1810. An early American merchant’s home.
Benedict Arnold’s Mansion.—The most beautiful of all the historic mansions in Fairmount Park,
Mt. Pleasant, built in 1762, and owned at the outbreak of the Revolution by Benedict Arnold and
his wife Peggy Shippen, has many charming associations. See Route 10.
Curve around and turn right. 17.4 Foot of hill, turn right. Pass under R.R.
East River Drive; turn left. Equestrian Statue of General Grant. By Daniel C. French.
Frederick Remington’s Cow Boy. 18.1 Rock Tunnel.
Visible on hill on left is General Grant’s Cabin, used as his headquarters at City Point,
Virginia. On the right, lighthouse and picturesque boat-houses of the Schuylkill Navy.
Lemon Hill and Mansion, on left; acquired by the city in 1844; the original estate of
42 acres was owned by Robert Morris during the Revolution and was occupied by him
up to 1797.
Lincoln Monument. Erected in 1871. Turn right, passing around fountain to
The Aquarium.—Begun in 1911 and established in 1916 in the old Fairmount Water Works, famous
for its Grecian architecture, this exhibit of food and other fishes in ingeniously lighted tanks includes
aquatic reptiles, turtles, and terrapin. The turtle “Old Tut’’ weighs 820 pounds and is over 500
years old.
Reverse to fountain, turning right. 19.3 Pennsylvania Ave.; turn right.
On passing the Washington Monument, keep to the right. The largest bronze sculpture
in the United States, this great equestrian monument by Siemering was erected by the
Society of the Cincinnati in 1897; soon to be removed to the Parkway facade of the
Art Museum.
The Philadelphia Art Museum.—Still under construction, this magnificent architectural acropolis,
overlooking and dominating the entire Parkway, is to cost upwards of $15,000,000. The George
W. Elkins collection of paintings is already housed in it.
Turn right and then left onto
The Parkway.—The Parkway is the crowning feature of Philadelphia’s system of beautiful boule-
vards, leading directly through Fairmount Park to the Roosevelt Boulevard at the north, and
connecting through West Philadelphia with the Cobb’s Creek Boulevard. Stretching from the
City Hall to Fairmount Park and already flanked by buildings of rare beauty, representative of
2/0
The William Penn Sight-Seeing Tour—20.7 m.
THE PARKWAY AT LOGAN CIRCLE
This comparatively recent picture is valuable for making clear the great changes taking place in this
rapidly growing centre of the city. The mammoth building of the Insurance Company of North America
is conspicuous by its absence.
Mileage
20.1
20.1
20.2
20.3
20.4
20.6
industry, science, literature, art, and religion, this great central boulevard promises to be the most
beautiful promenade in America.
The New Free Library.—Facing Logan Square and dominating by its beauty this region of the
Parkway, the new Main Building of the Free Library of Philadelphia has shelving capacity for
more than 1,500,000 volumes. The library was established in 1891 and ground for the new build-
ing was broken in 1917. Twenty-nine branch libraries extend the usefulness of the library to every
quarter of the city.
Curve around Logan Circle, once Logan Square, named for William Penn’s confidential
friend and secretary, who was one time governor of Pennsylvania.
The Academy of Natural Sciences.—Founded in 1812, the museum contains a remarkable collec-
tion of birds, animals, insects, shells, fossils, minerals, and Indian relics. There is a notable gallery
of portraits of American naturalists and scientists.
Cathedral of SS. Peter and Paul.—The corner-stone of this beautiful brownstone structure was
laid in 1846, and the first religious service in it was held Easter Sunday, 1862. Its imposing dome
and beautiful facade of Corinthian columns are striking features of the Parkway. The remains
of most of Philadelphia’s venerable Bishops and Archbishops are interred beneath the grand altar.
Industrial Buildings on the Parkway.—Conspicuous as among the first industrial buildings to be
erected on the Parkway are the Bell Telephone Company Building (20.4), and (20.5) the new build-
ing of the Insurance Company of North America. (Founded 1792.)
Pennsylvania Railroad, Broad Street Station.—Here are the headquarters and general offices of
the Pennsylvania System, which has a total of 27,795 miles of trackage, with 6549 miles west of
Pittsburgh. Trains are run from this station, via the Delaware River railroad bridge, direct to
Atlantic City and other seaside resorts. A magnificent new station in West Philadelphia at the
Schuylkill River is planned and under construction.
20.7 CITY HALL, Philadelphia.
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SUMMARY ROUTE B
The George Washington Sight-Seeing Tour—32.0 m.
Arranged also especially for visitors limited in time, this sight-seeing tour, based on Historic Route 8—
George Washington in Philadelphia, covers and completes the important historic sections of Philadelphia
not included in Summary Route A.
It takes the visitor first to Independence Hall and the other great historic shrines, and finally to every
important corner of the city. As Washington is associated in some striking way with every leading street
and great highway of old Philadelphia the trip is remarkably all-inclusive. Beginning in the heart of the city,
with its kaleidoscopic street scenes, the trip sweeps the length of busy Broad Street to historic Germantown;
embraces the lovely Wissahickon boulevard, and picturesque roads of West Fairmount Park; crosses the
lively thoroughfares of modern West Philadelphia; courses the length of the new Cobb’s Creek boulevard;
and returns to the city by way of the oldest highroad in Pennsylvania, affording opportunity to visit the Uni-
versity of Pennsylvania, notable for the first Law School in the United States and the oldest Medical School
in America. Opportunity is taken to list on this trip most of the noteworthy buildings or places of interest,
ancient or modern, found on the way.
As an exclusively sight-seeing tour this trip can be covered in about four hours. It should be planned,
however, for a whole day, allowing ample time for stops and dining. The morning should include stops at
the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, Independence Hall, Congress Hall, Carpenters’ Hall, Christ Church,
Betsy Ross House, and Masonic Temple, where the first part of the trip may conclude. The afternoon drive
should include stops at the Academy of Fine Arts, Stenton, Museum of the Germantown Site and Relic
Society, Bartram’s Garden, University of Pennsylvania Museum, Commercial Museum, or other places of
special interest to the visitor.
Mileage .
0.0 CITY HALL, Philadelphia. Go south on Broad St.
South Broad Street to Spruce.—Lining both sides of South Broad St. are many of the finest and
most important buildings in the city.
WEST SIDE EAST SIDE
(Between South Penn Square and Chestnut)
West End Trust Co. Building Lincoln Building
Girard Trust Company Building Liberty Building
(Between Chestnut and Walnut)
Land Title Building Real Estate Trust Co. Building
0.1 Union League North American Building
Manufacturers’ Club Forrest Theatre
(Between Walnut and Locust)
0.2 Bellevue-Stratford Hotel Ritz-Carlton Hotel
Philadelphia Art Club
(Between Locust and Spruce)
Academy of Music Hotel Walton
Shubert Theatre Broad Street Theatre
Atlantic Building Hotel Stenton
0.3. Spruce St.; turn left. 0.4 13th St.; turn left.
0.5 Locust and 13th Sts. Stop. The Historical Society of Pennsylvania and the Phila-
delphia Library Company are included in this trip for the benefit of tourists who have
not undertaken Summary Route A. See page 263.
0.6 Philadelphia Club, Walnut and 13th Sts., northwest corner; one of the oldest and most
exclusive social organizations in Philadelphia; founded in 1830.
0.7 Chestnut St.; turn right.
Chestnut Street to Ninth—Chestnut Street is still the main shopping street of the city and here
stores and shop-windows abound. Chestnut below 13th St. is the Hotel Adelphia. At No. 1218
Chestnut St. is the Bailey Banks and Biddle Co. jewelers and silversmiths. The Commonwealth
Title Insurance & Trust Co., 12th and Chestnut, northwest corner, occupies in part the site of the
house in which Robert Morris died in 1806. At 1224 Chestnut St. is the retail department of the
hat manufacturers, John B. Stetson Co.
0.8 Keith’s Chestnut Street Theatre.
0.9 Old Chestnut Street Opera House, No. 1021 Chestnut St.
0.9 Philadelphia Electric Company, Main Office, 10th & Chestnut Sts., southwest corner.
The Philadelphia Record, No. 917 Chestnut St.
1.0 United States Post Office, Federal Building, Ninth and Chestnut Sts. Boyle’s Statue
of Franklin.
273
Mileage
1.0
1.1
1.1
Lc
1.3
1.3
1.4
1.5
Nye
1.7
herd
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
The George Washington Sight-Seeing ‘Tour—32.0 m,
Chestnut Street and Ninth.
Benjamin Franklin Hotel.
Gimbel Brothers.— Under construction, the Largest Department Store in the World.
8th and Chestnut Sts., northeast corner, Green’s Hotel.
No. 605 Chestnut St., now occupied by the United Security Life Insurance and Trust
Company; site of the original Chestnut Street Theatre (1793-1855), where April 25, 1798,
was first sung ‘‘ Hail Columbia.”
Sixth and Chestnut Streets; turn right. Southwest corner, new Public Ledger Building;
adjoining, on Sixth St., facing Independence Square, is the Curtis Building, the home of
The Ladies’ Home Journal, The Saturday Evening Post, and The Country Gentleman.
The Curtis Building alone is the largest structure devoted to the printing of periodicals
in the world.
Walnut St.; turn right. Sixth and Walnut Sts., southeast corner, is the notable building
of the Penn Mutual Life Insurance Company.
Washington Square, south side of Walnut St., west of 6th St., was originally Southeast Square,
planned and dedicated by William Penn. Used as a potter’s field from 1706-1794, it contains the
unmarked graves of hundreds of Continental and British soldiers, buried here during the Revo-
lution. Across the Square, and facing it at Seventh Street, is seen the colonnaded facade of the
First Presbyterian Church, founded in 1692, and removed to this site in 1825. In this church origi-
nated Princeton University. At 7th and Walnut Sts., southwest corner, is the Philadelphia Savings
Fund Society, founded in 1816, the oldest and first institution of its kind in Philadelphia. At the
northwest corner of 7th and Walnut is the oldest Bible society in the United States, the American
Bible Society, founded in 1808.
7th St.; turn right. 1.6 Chestnut St.; turn right.
Pass in review ‘‘State House Row”’:
Congress Hall (Sixth and Chestnut Sts., southeast corner).—In this building, built in 1789, met
the Congress of the United States from December 6, 1790, until 1800, when the seat of government
was removed to Washington. The lower floor was occupied by the House of Representatives; the
upper by the Senate. Here Washington was inaugurated for his second term as President of the
United States, and here he delivered the famous ‘‘ Farewell Address”’ in 1796. Here, too, John
Adams was inaugurated, March 4, 1797. Among other historic relics and paintings is the important
exhibition of popular colorful historic paintings by J. L. G. Ferris.
Independence Hal]l.—Begun in 1732 as the State House of Pennsylvania, Independence Hall has
been the scene of the greatest event in the nation’s history. In Independence Chamber July 4,
1776, was made the American Declaration of Independence. The Old Liberty Bell, which first
proclaimed the nation’s freedom, hangs here upon its original beam. In Independence Chamber
Washington was made General George Washington; and here in 1787 was adopted the Constitution
of the United States. The beautiful old building is rich in relics and portraits of Revolutionary days.
Old City Hall (Fifth and Chestnut Sts., southwest corner).—Completed in 1791, this building was
for nine years the home of the First United States Supreme Court (1791-1800). Here is preserved
an important collection of Indian relics and curios, and West's celebrated painting, ‘‘ Penn’s Treaty
with the Indians.” j
American Philosophical Society (Fifth St. below Chestnut).—Built in 1789, and founded by Franklin
in 1743, this world-wide celebrated institution possesses many historic treasures, including more
than a thousand Franklin manuscripts and many other mementos of the practical philosopher.
Fifth and Chestnut Sts.,
Drexel Building (southeast corner).—In a house once standing on this site Gilbert Stuart painted
the celebrated full-length portrait of Washington known as the ‘‘Lansdowne Washington.”
Lafayette Building (northeast corner).—In this building is the office of The Francis Perot’s Sons
Malting Company, the oldest existing business house in America, founded in 1687, and represented
today by a lineal descendant of the founder in the eighth generation. A century older than the
Constitution of the United States, older even than the Bank of England, this venerable business
house stands at the head of Philadelphia’s oldest industries and numerous centenary firms.
Also in this building is the office of The John T. Lewis & Bros. Company, manufacturers of white
lead, established in 1772, and managed by five successive generations of the Lewis family. Depos-
itors in the Bank of North America since its foundation in 1781, this firm possesses the oldest con-
tinuous bank account on the American continent.
United States Custom House, originally built for the second United States Bank, 1819-24.
274
Mileage
1.8
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
2.0
re
Zal
2.2
2.3
2.4
The George Washington Sight-Seeing Tour—32.0 m.
SEPA LE SS RE IST LCL i in costes ta ‘
THE UNION LEAGUE—BROAD AND SANSOM STREETS
No. 421 Chestnut St., Philadelphia National Bank. Founded in 1803.
Fourth and Chestnut Sts., southeast corner, Brown Bros. & Co., bankers. Founded in
1800. In the building at the southwest corner of 4th and Chestnut Sts. is another
Philadelphia centenary firm, R. D. Wood & Co., iron merchants, established in 1803.
Deep in the rear of No. 322 Chestnut St.
Carpenters’ Hall.—Built in 1770 by the Carpenters’ Company, founded in 1724, the oldest of all
the trade bodies in Philadelphia. Here met the First Continental Congress in 1774. Here in the
most illustrious body of patriots ever assembled Patrick Henry won fame and Washington his spurs.
Directly opposite Carpenters’ Hall is
Franklin Court (South Oriann’a Street)— Midway toward Market Street stood the house in which
Franklin died in 1790, and in which he prepared the final draft of the immortal Autobiography.
In this street James Gordon Bennett began his career as a newspaper publisher, and here Woodrow
Wilson’s father was a printer. ;
No. 313 Chestnut St., Philadelphia Clearing House.
No. 307 Chestnut St., Bank of North America—the oldest bank on the American conti-
nent. Chartered in 1781, it still occupies its original site.
Chestnut St. and 2nd, northeast corner, CORN EXCHANGE NATIONAL BANK,
Main Office. Central City Office, Nos. 1510-1512 Chestnut Street.
Letitia St. See Route 2. .
Front St.; turn left. No. 46 South Front St., Bullock Bros., wool merchants, a cen-
tenary firm (1822).
Cross Market St.
No. 36 North Front St., Nathan Trotter & Co., metals, a centenary firm (1790).
Arch St.; turn left. No. 113 Arch St., Geo. D. Wetherill & Co., white lead, a centenary
firm (1807). On the Wetherill building is a tablet to Capt. Thomas Holme (1624-1695),
William Penn’s first surveyor-general, who lived near this spot.
275
%
Mileage
Pace)
2.6
2.8
3.2
3.2
3.4
3.4
3.9
3.9
4.0
4.1
4.2
4.3
The George Washington Sight-Seeing Tour—32.0 m.
2nd Ste: turner.
Christ Church.—An Episcopal church building was on this site in 1695. The present building
was begun in 1727 and completed in 1744. Here are the tombs of Robert Morris, Bishop White,
and many others distinguished in Revolutionary days. The pew occupied by Washington and
his family throughout his presidential years (1790-1797) in Philadelphia is carefully preserved.
Tablet, marking site of the Slate Roof House, in which William Penn lived with his
family on his second visit to Philadelphia (1699-1701). Here was born John Penn,
“the American,” the only child born to the founder in the new world. South of the
Keystone Telephone Co. building is a plot of ground, now Moravian St., set aside in
1755 by Penn’s grandson as an Indian reservation.
Old Krider Gun-shop, 2nd and Walnut Sts., built in 1751 by John Drinker. On this
spot was born in 1680 Edward Drinker, the first white child born on Philadelphia soil.
Cross Dock St.
Pine St.; turn right. ‘The Old Second Street Market, on the left, dates back to 1745.
Many fashionable families of the Colonial and the Revolutionary periods here did their
marketing.
No. 224 Pine St., the Stamper-Blackwell-Bingham House, built in 1768, has had a
notable family history. See Route 19.
3rd and Pine Sts.; turn right.
St. Peter’s Church.—Built in 1763, this church shared with Christ Church the honors of ‘court
church”’ in Revolutionary days. Washington’s pew is still pointed out, and in the beautiful church-
yard is a monument to Commodore Stephen Decatur.
No. 244 South 3rd St., the Powel House, home of Samuel Powel, last Mayor of Phila-
delphia under the proprietary charter, and first Mayor under the new United States.
Here Washington frequently ‘“‘dined,” “danced,” and “drank tea.”
Willing’s Alley. Hidden away in this narrow street, midway between Third and Fourth
Sts., is the oldest Catholic church in Philadelphia, St. Joseph’s Roman Catholic Church,
founded in 1733. .
St. Paul’s Church (Third St., below Walnut).—Built in 1762. In the churchyard, at the right,
is the tomb of the great tragedian Edwin Forrest. Stephen Girard was married in this church,
June 6, 1777.
Walnut St. and Third, old home of the Insurance Company of North America,founded 1792.
First United States Bank, afterwards Stephen Girard’s Bank. See Routes 12 and 22.
Arch St.; turn left. Stop; walk back to
Betsy Ross House (No. 239 Arch St.).—Tradition names this quaint old house, once the home of
Elizabeth Ross, ‘‘The Birthplace of Old Glory.’’ The Stars and Stripes first became the national
flag in Philadelphia by act of Congress assembled in Independence Hall, June 14, 1777.
4th and Arch Sts.; the Arch Street Friends’ Meeting House, the stronghold of the
Quakers in Philadelphia ; the direct successor of the ‘““Great Meeting House,” built in 1695.
4th St.; turn left. At the northeast corner of 4th and Arch is Lowell’s ‘‘Honey-Moon
Hotel.’”’ Here lived in earlier days Dr. William Smith, the first provost of the Univer-
sity of Pennsylvania. On 4th St. above Arch, at the southeast corner of Cherry St.
stood until 1870 Old Zion Lutheran Church, forever memorable as the spot where
General ‘‘ Light-horse Harry”’ Lee first proclaimed Washington—‘‘First in war, first in
peace, and first in the hearts of his countrymen.”
At No. 62 North 4th St., second alley-way, is a tablet marking the site of the Old Charity
School and Academy, founded by Franklin in 1740, which became in 1779 the Uni-
versity of Pennsylvania. 4.1 Market St.; turn right. .
Visible on 5th St. below Market, east side, the Philadelphia Bourse, founded in 1890.
No. 528-30 Market St., tablet high on second floor front, was the site of the ‘‘first
White House.” Here Washington lived with his family, 1790-1797.
7th and Market Sts., southwest corner, Penn National Bank, site of the house in which
Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence. Tablet.
276
The George Washington Sight-Seeing Tour—32.0 m.
MASONIC TEMPLE—BROAD AND FILBERT STREETS BROAD STREET STATION—PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD
Mileage
4.3 Extending from 7th to 8th St., on Market, Lit Brothers, Department Store.
4.4 8th and Market Sts., occupying the block bounded by Market and Chestnut, 8th and
9th, Gimbel Brothers, Department Store.
4.4 8th and Market Sts., Strawbridge & Clothier, Department Store.
4.7 11th to 12th, south side of Market St., N. Snellenburg & Co., Department Store.
4.7 12th and Market Sts., Reading Terminal—Philadelphia & Reading Railway Co.
4.8 13th and Market Sts., The Wanamaker Store. John Wanamaker, Founder.
4.9 Turn right, around CITY HALL, passing on the right the Evening Bulletin Building,
Filbert and Juniper Sts. On left, Broad Street Station. Stop to visit
Masonic Temple (Broad and Filbert Sts.)— The interior of this beautiful specimen of Norman
architecture is one of the'sights of Philadelphia. Oriental Hall, Ionic Hall, Egyptian Hall, Norman
Hall, Renaissance Hall, and Gothic Hall, as well as the grand staircases and the banquet-hall, are
distinguished for their impressive architecture. The museum is rich in portraits, books, and his-
toric relics relating to freemasonry, first introduced into Philadelphia about 1730.
5.0 Broad St.; turn right.
North Broad Street.—Broad Street is the longest straight street in the world. It reaches from
League Island Navy Yard on the south to the city limits on the north, a distance of over twelve
miles. It has a width of 113 feet throughout its entire length. Four miles from the City Hall it
crosses Germantown Avenue, and a half mile farther on connects with the Roosevelt Boulevard, -
the great northeast highway. Beginning with the Masonic Temple, northeast corner of Broad
and Filbert Streets, North Broad Street is conspicuous for its many beautiful and important buildings.
5.1 Arch St., northwest corner, United Gas Improvement Company Building. Adjoining
this building, on Arch St., is the central building of the Young Men’s Christian Association.
5.1 Broad and Cherry Sts., east side, the Lyric Theatre; immediately adjoining, the Adelphi
Theatre. Nearly opposite is the
Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts.—Founded in 1805, this is the oldest art academy in America.
The notable permanent collection is enriched by the largest and finest collection of historic por-
277
Mileage
5.6
Daf
11.4
The George Washington Sight-Seeing Tour—32.0 m.
traits in this country, including the most remarkable group of portraits by Gilbert Stuart to be
found anywhere. See Route 20.
Hahnemann Medical College, west side.
Vine St., northeast corner, the first Catholic High School. 5.4 The Elks Building.
Thé Elverson Building, the new home of The Philadelphia Inquirer.
The Baldwin Locomotive Works.—A Philadelphia industry of international importance that has
spread Philadelphia’s name and fame throughout the civilized world. Including the plant at Eddy-
stone, the company at capacity employs over 20,000 men, making normally 3000 locomotives a
year. Founded in 1831 by Matthias W. Baldwin, it is the oldest locomotive works in America.
Spring Garden St., northeast corner, Spring Garden Institute, a pioneer school for
mechanics. Adjoining, on Spring Garden St., the Lu Lu Temple, and the Philadelphia
Normal School.
East side, The Apprentices’ Library, founded in 1820.
West side, Central High School, founded in 1836, the first free public high school estab-
lished outside of New England. Among many notable graduates were Frank R.
Stockton, the novelist; and Elihu Thompson, scientist and inventor. The Lick
Observatory and the Yerkes Observatory trace their inspiration and origin to this school.
Metropolitan Opera House, Broad and Poplar.
La Salle College, No. 1240 North Broad St.
Broad and Master Sts., southwest corner, School of Design for Women, organized 1844.
The building was the last home of Edwin Forrest, the great American tragedian.
Mercartile Club, Broad above Master.
Keneseth Israel Temple, No. 1717 North Broad Street.
Temple University, Broad and Berks.
The Baptist Temple. 7.3 Second Regiment Armory.
Dropsie College, Broad below York.
Mickve Israel Temple, Broad and York Streets.
Broad and Huntingdon Sts., Philadelphia National League Baseball Park.
Glenwood Ave., on left, North Philadelphia Station, Pennsylvania Railroad Co.
Masonic Home of Pennsylvania. 8.6 Samaritan Hospital.
Widener Memorial School for Girls.
On the right, starting point of the Roosevelt Boulevard. over twelve miles long and 300
feet wide, the most magnificent section of the Lincoln Highway to New York. One of
the sights of the boulevard is the extensive plant of Sears, Roebuck & Co., the Phila-
delphia home of the world’s largest store.
Courtland St.; turn left.
18th St.; turn right, and immediately right into
Stenton.— Built in 1728 by James,Logan, secretary and confidential friend of William Penn, this
charming house is the finest and best-preserved specimen of an early Colonial home in Philadelphia.
See Route 5.
Reverse on 18th St. to 10.5 Courtland St.; turn right.
20th St.; curve left, and immediately right onto Wingohocking St., and immediately
right onto 10.8 Germantown Ave. (Main Street).
Pass under R.R., Wayne Junction Station, Philadelphia & Reading Ry. Co.
Apsley and Germantown Ave., high on the brow of Neglee’s Hill,
Loudoun.—Built in 1801, and now occupied by descendants of James Logan, this beautiful man-
sion stands on ground once belonging to one of the thirteen original settlers of Germantown.
From this point old Germantown houses abound, right and left.
East Logan and Main Sts.,
Lower Burial Ground.—Dates to 1693. The date of the oldest tombstone is 1707. Here are graves
of the earliest settlers, and of British officers killed at the Battle of Germantown.
No. 5109 Main St., Thones Kunder’s House, where in 1688 was made the first public
protest in America against human slavery, presented to the Friends’ Meeting by Francis
278 .
The George Washington Sight-Seeing Tour—32.0 m.
THE FIRST COMMERCIAL MUSEUM IN THE UNITED STATES—FOUNDED IN PHILADELPHIA, 1894
' Mileage
Daniel Pastorius, the founder of Germantown. Thones Kunder, one of the thirteen
original settlers of Germantown, numbers among his descendants Sir Samuel Cunard,
founder of the Cunard Steamship Line.
11.6 No. 5140 Main St., in 1796 occupied by Gilbert Stuart, when in a near-by studio he
painted the celebrated “‘ Athenaeum’” portrait of Washington.
11.6 No. 5267 Main St., the Wister House, early known as Grumblethorpe, the home since
1744 of a family distinguished in the annals of Philadelphia. Here lived Sally Wister
who wrote the famous Diary with its ever charming account of Revolutionary days
and events.
11.8 Just beyond Coulter St. is the pathway leading to the Germantown Friends’ Meeting
House, now hidden by the new school building. The old graveyard at the right of the
path dates to 1693, and in it is the unidentified grave of Francis Daniel Pastorius, the
founder of Germantown in 1683.
11.9 No. 5542 Main St., the Morris House, opposite Market Square, was built in 1772, and
is memorable as the temporary home of President Washington and his family.
12.1 Vernon Park; including Vernon Mansion, the home of John Wister, used as the Museum
of the Germantown Site and Relic Society.
12.2 Pastorius Monument.—Designed by Albert Jaegers to commemorate the 225th anniversary of the
founding of Germantown by Francis Daniel Pastorius and the original thirteen settlers.
12.4 Germantown High School, on the right.
12.4 No. 6019 Main St. occupies the
Site of the Pastorius Homestead.—The original home of the founder of Germantown stood on
ground now occupied by the Methodist Church. The modernized building in the rear of the church
was one of the farm houses. The beautiful building now No. 6019 Main St. was built in 1748 by
a grandson of Pastorius, and was long famous as the Green Tree Tavern. In it was founded the
Germantown Academy in 1759.
279
Mileage
12.4
125
1Zi7.
The George Washington Sight-Seeing Tour—32.0 m.
Walnut Lane and Main St., southwest corner, is Wyck, believed to be the oldest (1690)
house in Germantown, and notable as a house that has never been sold.
Mennonite Meeting House, built in 1770 in place of the log meeting-house put up in
1702. Conspicuous in the graveyard is the grave of William Rittenhouse, the first
pastor of the congregation, famous for the first paper mill in America and as the ancestor
of the celebrated David Rittenhouse. :
No. 6239 Main St., the Washington Tavern, built in 1740; many taverns of this type
lined Main St. in early days.
Nos. 6306 and 6316 Main St., the Johnson Houses, were in the thick of the fight at the
Battle of Germantown. Directly opposite is the old Concord School (1775), in which
was held the meeting that led to the organization of the Junior Order of American
Mechanics. Adjoining is the Upper Burying Ground of Germantown, the oldest known
grave dating to 1716.
Johnson and Main Sts., occupying the whole block,
The Chew House.—Built in 1760, this historic old colonial mansion was the central scene in the
Battle of Germantown. See Route 10.
Almost opposite the Chew House is Upsala, built in 1798 by an ancestor of the present
occupant; one of the most beautiful examples of colonial architecture in Philadelphia.
Upsal St.; turn left. At the northeast corner of Upsal and Main Streets is the Billmeyer
House, built in 1727. Here Washington stood at the Battle of Germantown, telescope
in hand, watching the British entrenched in the Chew House.
Greene St.; turn right under R.R., and immediately left (13.7) on West Upsal St.
Lincoln Drive; turn left. 14.1 Gateway entrance to Fairmount Park.
Lincoln Drive at the foot of Rittenhouse Lane—
Birthplace of David Rittenhouse.—In this picturesque old stone house, built in 1707, was born,
in 1732, the first American astronomer. David Rittenhouse attained distinction as a patriot during
the Revolutionary War, and became Director of the First United States Mint, and afterwards
Treasurer of Pennsylvania. See Route 13.
Site of First Paper Mill in America.—Adjoining the Rittenhouse homestead was the Rittenhouse
Mill, put up in 1690 by William Rittenhouse, the greatgrandfather of the celebrated scientist and
patriot.
Entrance to Wissahickon Drive. The drive along the picturesque Wissahickon Valley
and Creek is not open to automobiles. The region is full of romantic and historic interest.
Fork; turn right, up hill, crossing at 1.65 City Line bridge over Schuylkill River. On
the right, Pencoyd Iron Works of the American Bridge Co.
Philadelphia Country Club, on left. 17.4 Belmont Ave., Belmont Reservoir on left.
52nd St. and City Line Ave. Turn left for
Detour to Wynnstay, 1690.—City Line Ave. 0.0; 0.3 Woodbine Ave. and 52nd St., Wynnstay,
built in part in 1690 by Dr. Thomas Wynne, William Penn's friend and physician. Turn right on
Woodbine Ave. to 54th St., 0.5. At 0.8 pass No. 2471 North 54th St., ““Wynnstay”’ (carved on
gate), until recently the home of a direct descendent of Dr. Thomas Wynne. At 0.9, City Line
Ave., turn left resetting mileage at 18.4.
Cross Old Lancaster Road (merges on left into 54th St.).
Episcopal Academy, Lower School.
Episcopal Academy, Main Entrance (City Line and Berwick Aves.). Founded in 1785,
this famous old school was located in its present beautiful buildings and grounds in 1921.
Cross R.R. bridge at Overbrook Station, turning immediately left on 63rd St.
On the right, 64th and Malvern (towers visible) the Overbrook School for the Blind (The
Pennsylvania Institution for the Instruction of the Blind).
Cross Market St. (West Chester Highway). On right, Millbourne Mills,1757. 63rd
St. at Market St. becomes the Cobb’s Creek Parkway.
Diagonally right across Baltimore Ave., continuing on 58th St.
Turn right into Parkway, curving into 59th St.
Fork; keep right, on Parkway.
280
The George Washington Sight-Seeing Tour—32.0 m.
GRAVE OF BETSY ROSS—MT. MORIAH SCHOOL FOR THE BLIND, OVERBROOK
It is now well cared for by the Patriotic Order Sons of Built on the principle that the blind should be surrounded
America, by the beautiful.
Mileage
24.1 Detour may be made at this point to visit in Mt. Moriah Cemetery
The Grave of Betsy Ross.—Turn left into Mt. Moriah (0.0), crossing iron bridge, keeping right;
turn (0.1) right, up grade; turn left (0.2), following road curving to right. At 0.3, left, marked
by a flag-pole and a memorial stone, erected in 1923 by the Patriotic Order Sons of America, ‘‘in
honor of the maker of the first American Flag,’ is the grave of Elizabeth Claypoole (1752-1836),
“Betsy Ross.”” Returning, continue on same road curving right (avoiding roads on left) to 0.5,
turning sharp left, and left again, reaching at 0.7 the starting point.
24.1 Continue on Cobb’s Creek Boulevard. 25.4 Woodland Ave.; turn left.
Woodland Avenue at 73rd St.—Woodland Avenue is the oldest highroad in Pennsylvania. Stop
and walk, or make a short turn to the right on Woodland Avenue to get an unobstructed view of
the old Blue Bell Tavern (1766), Washington’s first welcome and last farewell to Philadelphia, as
he travelled over this old road to and from Mt. Vernon. Adjoining the Blue Bell is Cobb’s Creek
Dam, the site of a water-mill put up by the Swedish Governor Printz in 1643. This spot is the
birthplace of Pennsylvania’s industries. Directly opposite this historic site is the extensive plant
of Fels & Co. soap manufacturers.
25.7 In the rear of the Harriet Beecher Stowe Public School, 70th and Woodland Ave., is a
' ‘low one-story building, the oldest public school building in Philadelphia, built in 1789,
and recently in use as an open-air school.
25.9 St. James Church, Kingsessing; built by Swedish settlers in 1760; the second of the three
original Swedish churches in or near Philadelphia.
26.6 The J. G. Brill Company, 62nd and Woodland. Brill cars have made the name of
Philadelphia known the world over.
26.9 Old Swedish Farmhouse, 59th and Woodland Ave. 27.4 54th St.; turn right.
27.7 Elmwood Ave.; turn left, and immediately right across bridge to 27.8—
The Bartram House and Gardens.—Built in 1731 by John Bartram, the first American botanist,
called by Linnaeus ‘‘the greatest of natural botanists in the world,”’ this picturesque home of the
early wilderness is rich in historic associations. See Route 5.
27.8 Reverse, turning left on Elmwood Ave., and immediately right onto 54th St.
28.2 Woodland Ave.; turn right. |
29.3 Entrance to Woodlands Cemetery. (Make a detour into the cemetery to inspect.)
The Woodlands.—This once luxurious mansion, built in 1770, was the country-seat of William
Hamilton, grandson of the lawyer builder of Independence Hall. It was famous for its rare plants
gathered from all parts of the world. Here are buried Frank R. Stockton, Dr. S. Weir Mitchell,
_ and other celebrities. See Route 10.
29.6 Main entrance to cemetery.
29.7 Hamilton Walk, University of Pennsylvania. Dormitories on right.
29.9 36th St.; turn right. Wharton School, on left; Wistar Institute, on right.
30.0 Spruce St.; turn left. Continue through Gate facing 36th St. to visit the University
281
The George Washington Sight-Seeing Tour—32.0 m.
MUSEUM OF SCIENCE AND ART—UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA
Here is the home of the celebrated Babylonian collection. The present buildings are only part of a
great architectural plan to take years for its complete development. Compare the recent additions not
shown
Mileage
30.2
30.2
30.4
30.5
30.6
31.0
31.7
31.8
31.9
32.0
in this illustration.
Medical School, the first Medical School in America, founded in 1765. See Route 17.
On Spruce St., left, is Houston Hall, students’ club house. 30.1 University Hospital.
33rd and Spruce Sts.; turn left.
University Museum.—Founded in 1889, this most beautiful building on the campus contains inval-
uable collections in the fields of archeology, ethnology, and art, all open to the public. Here is the
famous Babylonian Collection.
Franklin Field.—Dedicated to foot-ball and field sports; recently enlarged to accommodate 55,000;
further enlargements planned to accommodate 100,000.
33rd and Spruce Sts. Continue on Spruce St., one block, to visit
The Commercial Museum.—Founded at the close of the Chicago Exposition in 1894, this pioneer
commercial museum of the United States in its permanent collection embraces exhibits from the
Philippine Islands, Africa, China, India, Mexico, and the Latin-American countries. The four
permanent buildings of the museum constitute a great permanent international trade exposition. A
Foreign Trade Bureau, a Library of Commerce and Travel, and an Educational Division for lectures
and the free distribution to schools of illustrative material for geographic and commercial instruction
are among the chief activities of the Museum.
Chestnut St.; turn right. One block west, at 34th and Chestnut Sts., is the Law School,
University of Pennsylvania, the first*Law School in the United States, founded in 1790.
See Route 18.
Drexel Institute (32nd and Chestnut Sts.).—Founded in 1891 by the banker Anthony J. Drexel
for day and evening instruction in engineering, business administration, home economics, and
library science. Features of the Institute are the Lankenau art collection, the museum, and a
library containing the George W. Childs’ collection of manuscripts—the priceless treasures of which
are the original manuscript of Poe’s ‘‘Murders in the Rue Morgue,”’ and the original manuscript
of Dickens’ ‘‘Our Mutual Friend.”
On left, Job T. Pugh, Auger-maker. Founded in 1774, this centenary firm takes pride
in the fact that the holes in the yoke of the old Liberty Bell were bored with a Pugh bit.
Baltimore & Ohio R.R. Station, 24th and Chestnut Sts.
16th St.; turn left. Down Chestnut St. is a canyon of office buildings, conspicuous
among which is, on the right, the Franklin Trust Company Building, 15th and Chestnut,
southwest corner; on the southeast corner, the Packard Building, occupied by the
Pennsylvania Company for Insurance on Lives and Granting Annuities, founded in 1811.
On the left side of Chestnut St., at 15th, is the Pennsylvania Building. At Nos. 1510-12
Chestnut Street is the CORN EXCHANGE NATIONAL BANK: Central City Office.
Conspicuous over the elevated tracks of the Pennsylvania R.R., at 16th St., is the new
home, located on the Parkway, of the Insurance Company of North America, founded
mel 792,
Market St.‘ turn right.
Broad Street Station—Pennsylvania Railroad, on left.
CITY HALL, Philadelphia.
282
TWELVE GREAT HIGHWAY ROUTES
TO AND FROM PHILADELPHIA
PHILADELPHIA
PHILADELPHIA
PHILADELPHIA
PHILADELPHIA
PHILADELPHIA
PHILADELPHIA
PHILADELPHIA
(Heat eee Ta
PHILADELPHIA
PHILADELPHIA
PHILADELPHIA
PHILADELPHIA
AND
AND
AND
AND
AND
AND
AND
AND
AND
AND
AND
AND
THE
THE
THE
THE
THE
THE
THE
THE
THE
THE
THE
THE
West, vis Pao.
West, viA VALLEY ForRGE .
West, viA NorRISTOWN
SoutH, viA WILMINGTON
SOUTH, VIA KENNETT SQUARE
SoutuH, viA West CHESTER
Nortu, viA AMBLER
NorTH, via DoyYLESTOWN
Nortu, via New Hope
Nortu, via SoutH LANGHORNE
Nortu, via BRISTOL
NortH, viA CAMDEN .
Route I
Route IT
Route ITI
Route IV
Route V
Route VI
Route VIT
Route VIIT
Route 1X
Route X
Route XI
Route XII
These Routes have been planned especially to show the numerous places of historic
or civic interest to be seen in approaching or leaving Philadelphia by any one of its leading
highways.
Directions are complete for a radius of some twenty-five miles from the city.
Tourists bound to or from more distant places listed in the text will need the usual guides
for detailed directions.
See Map on page 319.
Route I—Philadelphia and the West, via Paoli
Lancaster Pike, an important and historic section of the Lincoln Highway to and from Pittsburgh, is
the shortest route into Philadelphia from Harrisburg (99.6 m.).
The old Lancaster Road dates to 1687, the
Lancaster Turnpike began in 1791, and the last toll-house disappeared in 1917. Gateway to the West,
this highway is rich in memories of the days of the pack-horse, the stage-coach, and the Conestoga.
The
Pennsylvania Railroad, first railroad to the West, was opened in 1834, and parallels the pike for most of its
length. To travel over this road is to travel over the ‘Main Line.’’ Route I includes points of interest and
the chief detours between Philadelphia and Malvern.
General Warren Tavern, 1745.—Rebuilt in 1831.
Here Major Andre stopped with the force that made
the attack at Paoli on the night of September 20, 1777.
Detour to Site of the Paoli Massacre.—Leave Lan-
caster Pike at Bridge Street, Malvern, 0.0. Up steep
grade to 0.2, King St., turn right. Warren Ave. 0.3,
turn left. Monument Ave. 0.4, turn right. At 0.8
turn left on Park drive to old and new monuments
0.9; commemorating the disaster which overtook
General ‘‘Mad Anthony’? Wayne’s men at this spot
the night of September 20, 1777, when a British force
surprised the exhausted Continentals. Reverse on
Park drive to Lancaster Pike 1.8. Re-set mileage.
Site of the General Paoli Inn.—A description of
pioneers on their way to the West, left by a traveler
who stopped at the General Paoli Inn in 1805, says
of a family journeying to Ohio: ‘‘The men wore a
plain jacket and trowsers, with very large shallow
crowned hats, and the women had their hair plaited
in long braids, which hung down their backs, with
jackets and petticoats just the reverse of the fashion
of the present day. Altogether they had the appear-
ance of a stout, hardy race, and in the company, I
understood there were four generations. The master
of the inn informed me that he had every reason to
believe they had a very large property with them, in
the wagon in which they traveled.”” Another trav-
eler, writing in the same year, was not so flattering
in his opinion of the west-bound pioneer. He stopped
at a ‘‘miserable log-house” inn, and found it ‘‘filled
with emigrants who were in their passage to the Ohio,
and a more painful picture of human calamity was
GENERAL WARREN TAVERN, MALVERN
seldom beheld: old men embarking in distant, ardu-
ous undertakings, which they could never live to see
realized; their children going to a climate destructive
to youth; and the wives and mothers partaking of all
their sufferings, to become victims in their turn to the
general calamity.” Out of such material grew “the
sweet clay from the breast of the unexhausted West,”
as Lowell said afterwards.
Detour to St. David’s Church.—On the way to
Philadelphia, leave Lancaster Pike at Waterloo Road,
0.0, turning right. Under R. R. at Devon Station 0.2.
At 0.5 turn left, passing Devon Inn on right. At 0.6
turn right. After passing Cadwalader estate on left,
cross West Wayne Ave. at 1.8. Lower gate 2.1, turn
right. Stop at Lych Gate. St. David’s, Radnor, 1715,
is the historic stronghold of wealthy land-proprietors
on the Main Line. The Welsh builders of the church
looked up to bare rafters and stood on bare ground.
The woodwork of the present gray stone structure
came from the tree under which the original Welsh
services were held. The little church among its
graves is what Longfellow called it—‘‘An image of
peace and rest;’’ and over it the ivy still climbs and
expands. Behind the church is the grave of General
“Mad Anthony” Wayne (1745-1796). A monument
was erected in 1809 by the Pennsylvania State Society
of the Cincinnati. The oldest tomb (Edward Hughes,
1716) is made of stone brought from Wales. In the
church, over the door, is a stone cross brought from
the original St. David’s in Wales. Continue from
Lych Gate, turning immediately right, through stable
yard into church yard; left, right, and then at 2.3
left onto Valley Forge Road. At 2.4 West Wayne
Ave., turn right. 3-corners, turn left. Turn sharp
right 2.6. Under R. R. 3.2. At3.9 tara iertven es
Conestoga Road. Lancaster Pike 4.3, turn right.
Re-set mileage at 6.0.
Philadelphia and the West, via Paoli
Route I—Harrisburg to Philadelphia
(via Lancaster and Paoli)
Mileage
0.0 Harrisburg, at the Capitol. Harrisburg be-
came the capital of Pennsylvania in 1812.
36.0 Lancaster; the capital from 1799 to 1812.
62.1 Coatesville; Downingtown, 68.2.
78.8
79.4
4.6
6.0
6.7
7.9
9.1
10.2
10.7
11.1
11.4
11.6
12:2
12.4
14.4
14.8
15.2
15.9
16.5
17.1
18.9
19.0
19.4
19.6
20.2
After turning under R. R., pass on right Gen-
eral Warren Tavern, 1745.
Malvern, at Bridge St. (Right on Bridge St.
for Detour to Site of Paoli Massacre.)
Malvern, at Bridge St.
Green Tree; right under R. R., and then left.
Paoli Bank, on left, adjoining Site of General
Paoli Inn.
Paoli; Post Office on right. (Right on Darby
Road for Detour to Waynesborough. )
Tredyffrin Country Club, on right. On left,
Route II diverges at this point for Philadel-
phia via Valley Forge.
Berwyn. Station on left.
Left under R. R.; immediately right.
Cross Waterloo Road, north side, on left; the
usual road to Valley Forge in coming from
Philadelphia. Ye Old Log Cabin, in use by
the adjoining garage, dates to 1732.
Waterloo Road, south side; road does not reg-
ister (Right on Waterloo Road for Detour
to St. David’s, Radnor).
Conestoga Road and Lancaster Pike. Before
turning right, stop or turn back on Lancas-
ter Pike for a view of Spread Eagle Inn.
Wayne. On right, Wayne Title and Trust Co.
Radnor Memorial, dedicated to the Men and
Women of Radnor Township who served in
the World War.
Villa Nova College on left.
Bryn Mawr, Roberts Road (Left for Detour
to Bryn Mawr College).
Elliot Road and Lancaster Pike.
Old Buck Tavern (1735); now a dwelling.
Haverford Grammar School, right.
Haverford. 11.8 Haverford College Gate.
Old Red Lion Inn, on right; used for offices.
Ardmore. Station on left.
Seminary, St. Charles Borromeo, left; seen
across Montgomery Ave.
Cross City Line Avenue, passing out of Mont-
gomery County into Philadelphia.
Cross 63d St., Overbrook, keeping on Lancas-
ter Ave.
New Overbrook Senior High School.
Cross 52d St., joining trolley.
Old Cathedral Cemetery, on right.
State Armory, 33d and Lancaster Ave.
Bear left into Market St. at 32d, West Phila-
delphia Station, Pennsylvania Railroad. On
right, Woodland Ave., the oldest highway in
Pennsylvania.
Cross bridge over the Schuylkill River at
Market St.
Marble Obelisk, on left, near 23d St.
City Hall, PHILADELPHIA.
85
Route Ir—Philadelphia to Harrisburg
Mileage
0.0 PHILADELPHIA, City Hall, west side. Go
west on Market St.
0.7 23d St. On right, Marble Obelisk.
0.8 Cross bridge over the Schuylkill River at
Market St.
1.2 32d and Market Sts., West Philadelphia Sta-
tion, Pennsylvania Railroad. On left, Wood-
land Ave., oldest highway in Pennsylvania.
1.2 5-corners; right with trolley on Lancaster Ave.
1.3 33d and Lancaster, State Armory.
3.1 Old Cathedral Cemetery, on left.
3.8 Cross 52d St.; bear right at fork just beyond,
leaving trolley.
4.4 New Overbrook Senior High School.
5.0 Cross 63d St., Overbrook; straight through on
Lancaster Pike (Lincoln Highway).
5.4 City Line Ave.; pass into Montgomery County.
5.6 Seminary, St. Charles Borromeo, right; seen
across Montgomery Pike. From this point,
numerous beautiful suburban homes.
7.9 Ardmore. Station on right.
8.1 Old Red Lion Inn; used for offices by Autocar
Company.
8.4 Haverford College Gate.
8.6 Haverford. Station on right.
8.8 Haverford Grammar School, left.
9.1 Old Buck Tavern (1735); now a modern dwell-
ing.
9.5 Bryn Mawr, Elliot Road (Right for Detour
to Bryn Mawr College).
10.0 Roberts Road, Bryn Mawr.
11.1 Villa Nova College, on right.
11.5 Under R.R. 12.3 Radnor Memorial.
13.5 Wayne. On left, Wayne Title and Trust Co.
14.2 Old Conestoga Road; the original Old Lancas-
ter Road. Immediately ahead, on right,
Spread Eagle Inn (Sharp left on Conestoga
Road for Detour to St. David’s, Radnor).
15.6 Lancaster Pike at Waterloo Road, south side
(road does not régister).
15.7 Cross Waterloo Road, north side; right is
Devon road to Valley Forge. Ye Old Log
Cabin, 1732.
16.1 Sharp curve left under R. R., and immediately
right up hill.
16.5 Berwyn. Station on right.
18.4 Tredyffrin Country Club, on left. On right,
Paoli road to Valley Forge (Left for Detour
to Waynesborough).
18.7. Paoli. Post Office on left.
18.8 Paoli Bank, on right, adjoining site of General
Paoli Inn.
19.8 Green Tree; turn right under R. R., then left.
20.2 Malvern, at Bridge St. (Left on Bridge St. for
Detour to Site of Paoli Massacre).
20.8 Pass on left, before turning under R. R., Gen-
eral Warren Tavern, 1745.
37.5 Coatesville.
63.6 Lancaster, Penn Square, King and Queen Sts.
99.6 Harrisburg.
(via Paoli and Lancaster)
Route 1—Philadelphia and the West, via Paoli
Detour to St. David’s Church.—On the way from
Philadelphia, leave Lancaster Pike at Conestoga
Road; 0.0; turning sharp left. At 0.4, turn right.
Under R.R., 1.1. At 1.7 turn sharp left. At 3-cor-
ners, turn right. At 1.9 turn left. Lower Gate 2.2,
turn right. Stop at Lych Gate, St. David’s Church,
Radnor. Continue from Lych Gate, turning imme-
diately right, through stable yard, into church yard;
left, right, and then left at 2.4 onto Valley Forge
Road. At 2.5 cross West Wayne Ave., passing shortly
on right Cadwalader estate. At 3.7 turn left, passing
Devon Inn, on left. Waterloo Road 3.8, turn right.
Under R. R. at Devon Station 4.1. Lancaster Pike
4.3, turn left. Re-set mileage at Lancaster Pike at
Waterloo Road, 15.6.
Spread Eagle Inn.—The original ‘‘Spread Eagle”’
and the stage-coach traveler have been preserved by
Isaac Weld in an old print included in “Travels
Through the States of North America,” 1800. An
old account book, under date of November 6, 1806,
says, ‘‘Snack at Eagle,’”’ 87 cents; showing increase
in the cost of living, for another traveler on this road
says of earlier days: ‘‘As to the expense, it seldom
varies, being a quarter of a dollar for lodging, the
same sum for every meal, and half a dollar a night
for a horse.”
Villa Nova College—Founded in 1842, by the
Augustinian Fathers of the Roman Catholic Church,
and named for St. Thomas of Villa Nova, Bishop of
Valencia. The college was chartered by the Legis-
lature in 1849.
Detour to Bryn Mawr College.—On the way to
Philadelphia, leave Lancaster Pike at Roberts Road,
Bryn Mawr, 0.0; turning left. Montgomery Ave. 0.1.
Gulph Road 0.7, turn right. Lower Merion Baptist
Church, on left. On right, Bryn Mawr College
buildings. At 1.0 College Gate, turn right into col-
lege grounds. Straight through; and then left, pass-
ing Taylor Hall, left. Bryn Mawr College, founded
in 1880, and first opened in 1885, notable pioneer col-
lege for women, occupies fifty-two acres, covered with
beautiful trees, lawns, and buildings. Pass out 1.1
through tower gate of Pembroke Hall; turn right.
Yarrow St. 1.2, turn left. Shipley School for Girls,
on right. Morris Road 1.4, turn right. Old Bryn
Mawr Inn, now the Baldwin School for Girls, on left.
At 1.5, just short of station, turn left and imme-
diately right under R.R. At 1.6 straight through to
Lancaster Pike 1.6; turn left. Re-set mileage at
Elliot Road and Lancaster Pike, 10.7.
Detour to Bryn Mawr College.—On the way from
Philadelphia, leave Lancaster Pike at Elliot Road,
Bryn Mawr, 0.0; turning right. Under R. R. 0.1,
then left, and immediately right onto Morris Road.
Old Bryn Mawr Hotel, now Baldwin School for Girls,
on right. Yarrow St., 0.2, turn left; Shipley School
' for Girls, on left. At 0.4 turn right. Entrance Gate,
Pembroke Hall 0.5, turn left into Bryn Mawr College.
Pass Taylor Hall on right, and turn right, passing
through gate out of college grounds onto Old Gulph
Road at 0.6, turning left. On right, Lower
Merion Baptist Church. Roberts Road 0.9, turn
286
left. Under R. R. to 1.6, Lancaster Pike; turn right.
Re-set mileage at 10.0.
Harriton Farms.—Following either detour to Bryn
Mawr College to Roberts Road and Old Gulph Road,
turn left (at 0.0), or continue (at 0.9) to (0.1) private
road, on right; turn right up long lane for Harriton,
built in 1702 by Rowland Ellis, the Welsh founder
of Bryn Mawr. Here lived in his closing years
Charles Thomson, first Secretary of Congress.
Old Buck Tavern (1735).—In a letter dated ‘‘ Buck
Tavern, Lancaster Road, September 15, 1777, 3
p. m.,’’ Washington wrote to the President of Con-
gress: ‘Our situation at this time is critical and dan-
gerous, and nothing should be done to add to its em-
barrassment. We are now ‘most probably on the
point of another battle, and to derange the army by
withdrawing so many general officers from it, may
and must be attended with many disagreeable, if not
ruinous, consequences.”
Haverford College.—Founded in 1833 by the So-
ciety of Friends, as a school of collegiate grade, it was
incorporated as a college in 1856. It is limited in
numbers to carefully selected students (less than 300),
but there are no denominational distinctions. It con-
serves many of the traditions of the small English
college, including cricket and Rugby foot-ball.
New Overbrook Senior High School.—Philadelphia
has 11 Senior High Schools, 11 Junior High Schools,
and one combined High School, widely distributed
throughout the city, with a total enrollment of 30,131
senior and 21,215 junior pupils. The Central High
School, established in 1836, was the first public high
school in the country outside of New England. The
new Overbrook High School is being constructed at
a cost of over two million dollars.
Schuylkill River at Market Street—From the float-
ing bridge across the river at this point John Fitch,
in 1785, ran his first experimental steamboat, with
twenty passengers, down the river to the boat’s des-
tination at Gray’s Ferry. This spot in Philadelphia
is the birthplace of all modern steam navigation—
inland, coastwise, and ocean line. See Route 14.
Marble Obelisk.—The weather-worn stone on
Market Street near Twenty-third commemorates the
first permanent bridge across the Schuylkill, opened
in January, 1805. It was the first covered bridge in
America, succeeding a floating bridge and the original
ferry boats. One of the now obliterated inscriptions
boasted that no pier of regular masonry into as great
a depth of water was known to exist in any other
part of the world. The cornerstone of the old bridge
contained this” puzzling imscriptionsss bea Oumar
O. T.S. P. B.W. L. Oct XVITE SAG Gee
stone mason explained it: ‘‘This first cornerstone of
the Schuylkill Permanent Bridge was laid October
18th, 1800.”" Twitted as to how subsequent gener-
ations would be able to interpret this runic riddle, the
stone-carver replied: ‘‘ Why, sir, by the time they will
dig up that stone the people will be much more larned
than you and I be.” The city of Philadelphia’s entire
income in 1770 was eight hundred pounds, and two
hundred of these came from the Market Street ferry.
OVER-HANGING ROCK, OLD GULPH ROAD—ON THE WAY TO VALLEY FORGE
Route II—Philadelphia and the West, via Valley Forge
By this alternative to Route I the tourist may diverge from the Lancaster Pike at Paoli and visit Valley
Forge on his way to Philadelphia.
detours to the site of the Paoli Massacre and to the birthplace of General Anthony Wayne.
College detour may also be included by beginning and ending it at Montgomery Avenue.
West of Paoli the route is identical with Route I, offering opportunity for
The Bryn Mawr
The chief feature
of this highway route into Philadelphia is the complete circuit of Valley Forge Park. For the details regarding
Valley Forge, see Route 9.
WAYNESBOROUGH—BIRTHPLACE OF GENERAL ANTHONY WAYNE
Built in 1724 by the grandfather of the great Revolutionary soldier, on Sugartown Road, near Paoli,
stands this well-preserved colonial mansion, still occupied by a descendant of the builder.
Detour to Waynesborough.—On the way to Phila-
delphia, leave Lancaster Pike 0.0, turning right on
Darby Road, immediately beyond the Post Office at
Paoli. At 0.4 keep left. At tree in fork 0.8, turn
right. At 1.0 Sugartown Road, turn right. On
right, at 1.3, Birthplace of General Anthony Wayne.
Waynesborough was built in 1724 by the grandfather
of the great Revolutionary soldier, born here in 1745.
On the ground floor is a room in which pictures and
antique furnishings are preserved exactly as they
were when ‘‘Mad Anthony” last saw them. The
property is owned by a descendant, W. M. Wayne.
General Wayne became Commander-in-Chief of the
United States Army (1792-1796); a tablet on the
front wall of the house records his distinguished
services at Brandywine, Germantown, Valley Forge,
Monmouth, Stony Point, and Yorktown, as well
as his success in subduing the Indians in Ohio.
Reverse on Sugartown Road to 1.5 Darby Road, turn
left. Straight through to Lancaster Pike 1.7; turn
right. Re-set mileage at 1.8.
Detour to Waynesborough.—On the way from
Philadelphia, leave Lancaster Pike at (18.4) Tredyf-
frin Country Club, 0.0; turning left. At 0.1 straight
through. Sugartown Road 0.2, turn right. On right
at 0.5, Birthplace of General Anthony Wayne. Re-
verse on Sugartown Road to 0.7 Darby Road; turn
left. At tree in fork 0.9 turn left. Keep right at 1.3.
Lancaster Pike 1.7, turn left. Re-set mileage at
Paoli Post Office, 18.7.
288
Route [1—Philadelphia and the West, via Valley Forge
Route IJ—Harrisburg to Philadelphia
(via Lancaster, Paoli, and Valley Forge)
Mileage
0.0 Harrisburg, at the Capitol.
36.0 Lancaster, Penn Square, King and Queen Sts.
62.1 Coatesville; Downingtown, 68.2
78.8 General Warren Tavern, 1745.
79.4
0.0
0.4
1.4
1:5
1.8
1.9
2.4
29
3h
ze)
3.8
5.0
5.3
6.1
6.5
Malvern, at Bridge St. (Right on Bridge St.
for Detour to Site of the Paoli Massacre).
Malvern, at Bridge St.
Green Tree; turn right under R. R. and then
left.
Paoli Bank, on left, adjoining site of the Gen-
eral Paoli Inn.
Paoli; Post Office on right (Right on Darby
Road for Detour to Waynesborough).
Turn left, passing under R. R., for Philadelphia
via Valley Forge; Tredyffrin Country Club,
on right.
Fork; left.
Sharp curve right. Beautiful views on left.
Cross bridge over R. R.
Straight through up hill.
Quarry on left.
Sharp curve left over R. R. bridge, and imme-
diately right.
Dead end, New Centreville; turn left.
Equestrian Statue of General Wayne and
National Memorial in view on right.
3-corners; straight through, turning right up
steep grade to
Fort Washington, Valley Forge, on left. The
remainder of this route is identical with the
corresponding part of Route 9-A Pilgrimage
to Valley Forge. Re-set mileage at 20.6, fol-
lowing Route 9 from this point to 52.9.
38.8 City Hall, PHILADELPHIA.
VALLEY CREEK ROAD, VALLEY FORGE
289
Route I[rn—Philadelphia to Harrisburg
Mileage
0.0
32.3
33.8
35.0
35.7
36.3
36.4
37.0
37.3
37.4
38.4
38.8
39.4
56.1
82.2
118.2
(via Valley Forge, Paoli, and Lancaster)
PHILADELPHIA, City Hall, south side.
south on Broad St.
Walnut St.; turn right.
End of street; turn right on 63rd St.
Cross Malvern Ave.; on left, towers of Over-
brook School for the Blind.
Overbrook, 4-corners; left on Lancaster Ave.
City Line Avenue; turn right.
Left, Episcopal Academy. See Route 16.
Old Lancaster Road; turn left.
On left, St. Charles Borromeo.
General Wayne Hotel, established 1704.
Old Merion Meeting House (1695).
Lower Merion Junior High School. At 11.0
Lower Merion Township High School.
Haverford. Merion Cricket Club, on right.
Baldwin School for Girls, on right (Right
on Morris Road for Detour to Bryn Mawr
College).
Roberts Road, Bryn Mawr.
On left, Inscribed Boulder at Gulph Mills.
Overhanging Rock.
Under R. R. Gulph Mills Station.
Turn left across bridge over electric R. R.
King of Prussia Inn, 1769, on left; turn right.
On left Commissary General’s Headquarters.
Valley Forge, New Park Road; turn left.
National Memorial.
Pennsylvania Memorial.
Equestrian Statue of General Anthony Wayne.
On right, statue of General von Steuben.
Fort Washington, on left. The remainder of
the trip through Valley Forge Park is iden-
tical with corresponding part of Route 9-A
Pilgrimage to Valley Forge. Re-set mileage
at 20.6, following Route 9 from this point
to 28.6, Fort Washington on right. Re-set
mileage at 32.3.
Fort Washington, on right. Straight through
down steep grade onto Waterloo Road.
New Centreville; turn right.
Turn left, and immediately over R. R. bridge,
sharp curve right.
Down hill straight through.
Cross bridge over R. R.
Sharp curve left. 36.9 Keep right.
Lancaster Pike at Tredyffrin Country Club;
turn right (Straight through for Detour
to Waynesborough).
Paoli. Post Office on left.
Paoli Bank on right, adjoining site of the
General Paoli Inn.
Green Tree; right under R. R., and then left.
Malvern, at Bridge St. (Left on Bridge St.
for Detour to Site of the Paoli Massacre).
General Warren Tavern, 1745.
Go
Coatesville.
Lancaster, Penn Square, King and Queen Sts
Harrisburg.
Route II1I—Philadelphia and the West, via Norristown
An alternative route from Harrisburg to Philadelphia via Reading. The usual route from Reading to
Philadelphia (via Chestnut Hill) is modified at Barren Hill by continuing on the old Ridge Road through Rox-
borough; the Ridge Road route is modified at Wissahickon by diverging to the East River Drive, Fairmount
Park—the most beautiful approach of all to the heart of Philadelphia.
The Ridge Road was opened first as
an outlet for the limekilns built along the Schuylkill River, and was finally developed for its full length to
supplement the Germantown Turnpike.
Not to be missed on this route are the Old Lutheran Church at
Trappe, the early home of Audubon near Jeffersonville, and the Angel House at Harmonville.
Trappe Lutheran Church, 1743.—The oldest unal-
tered Lutheran Church in America. Here les the
Rev. Henry Melchior Muhlenberg, and by him his
famous preacher-soldier son General John Peter
Gabriel Muhlenberg, ever remembered for his cele-
brated—“ There is a time to preach and a time to
fight.” The interior should not be missed.
Detour to Evansburg.—St. James Episcopal Church,
founded in 1700, is one-half mile from the Ridge Road,
on the Germantown Pike, down which Washington
marched to the Battle of Germantown. In the old
graveyard ‘‘one hundred heroes lie buried.”
Detour to Mill Grove and Fatlands.—Leaving the
Ridge Road at Jeffersonville, turn southwest on diag-
onal road to Audubon. Shrack’s corner, fork, 1.2;
straight through. At 2.8 turn left; Audubon Inn,
ahead on right. Mill Grove Road 3.2, turn right.
Mill Grove, the early home of Audubon, 3.6. Re-
verse to 4.0, turning right. At 4.5 turn left into
Fatlands, rebuilt by William Wetherill in 1843.
Continue on driveway to other entrance 4.8, turn-
ing right. At 5.5 (Audubon Inn) turn right. Ridge
Road at Jeffersonville, 8.4.
Home of Audubon.—Mill Grove, built in 1762,
was the early home of John James Audubon, born in
Louisiana in 1780, the son of a French Commodore.
Here Audubon, according to his own account, used
to hunt in black satin breeches, wear pumps when
shooting, and dress in the finest ruffled shirts he
could obtain from France. Here he began the
studies in bird life that ended in what Cuvier called
“the most magnificent work that art ever raised to
ornithology.’’ Audubon sold the house in 1808 to
begin his wanderings through the West and the
South. In 1813, the property was bought for its lead
mines by Samuel Wetherill, founder of the firm of
Samuel Wetherill & Sons, one of the oldest white lead
manufacturers in America.
1743
TRAPPE LUTHERAN CHURCH,
MILL GROVE—EARLY HOME. OF AUDUBON
Fatlands on the Schuylkill.—Built in 1774, this
beautiful mansion was occupied by William Bake-
well, one of the sheriffs of London, who ‘‘emigrated”’
to the United States in 1804. Here the young nat-
uralist Audubon found his wife in Lucy Bakewell,
the daughter of the house, in days when life as well
as love was filled with romance. The house, which
looks across the Schuylkill to Valley Forge, was
built by a Quaker, James Vaux, who was so friendly
with both sides during the Revolution that one day
he had Howe to breakfast and Washington to tea.
The Wetherill family bought the estate in 1825.
Montgomery Cemetery.—Here are buried five
generals, three colonels, and over one hundred offi-
cers and soldiers of the Civil War. The mausoleum
of General Winfield Scott Hancock stands not far from
his early boyhood home, seen on the left, before
entering the Cemetery. The monument to Gen-
eral John F. Hartranft was erected by the National
Guard of Pennsylvania.
Porter Mansion, Norristown.—Built in 1787 by the
Revolutionary soldier General Andrew Porter, one of
whose sons became Governor of Pennsylvania, another
Governor of Michigan, and a third Secretary of War,
under President Tyler.
Norristown.—The Public Park and Court House
Square were given to Montgomery County and Nor-
ristown in 1786 by the University of Pennsylvania.
At the west corner is a monument to David Ritten-
house, whose country home was at Norriton. The
Rambo House, formerly the Eagle Tavern, on the
west side of Swede Street, has been a public house
since 1790.
Detour to Angel House, Harmonville.—The house
is 0.4 miles from Ridge Road, on the left. See pp.
132 and 136, for illustration and details. From the
old Potts quarry, located behind the Angel House,
came the stone used in building Independence Hall.
290
0.0
Route I1I—Philadelphia and the West, via Norristown
Route [1I—Harrisburg to Philadelphia
(wia Reading and Norristown)
Harrisburg. Rear of Capitol, 6th and State
Sts. Reading, Penn and 5th Sts., 53.1;
town, 70.1; Limerick, 77.1.
Limerick.
Trappe. Augustus Lutheran Church, 1743.
Collegeville. Ursinus College, a pioneer co-
educational institution, founded 1869.
Right, with trolley. 5.0 Fork; right then left
across Perkiomen bridge.
Fork; bear right with trolley.
(Left for Detour to Evansburg Church).
Eagleville. View into seven counties.
Eagleville Hotel, right.
Mt. Kirk. Providence Presbyterian Church,
1730.
Jeffersonville. 4-corners; straight through
(Right for Detour to Mill Grove and Fat-
lands).
Montgomery Cemetery, entrance.
Forrest and Main Sts., Porter Mansion, left.
Public Park and Court House Square, Norris-
town. 12.4 Main and De Kalb Sts.
Black Horse Hotel, left.
Harmonville (Right for Detour to the Angel
House).
Fountain Inn Hotel (sic), Barren Hill.
Marble Tent Monument, showing where
Lafayette encamped from the 18th to the
20th of May, 1778, and locating the encamp-
ment of the Indian scouts under his com-
mand at the Battle of Germantown.
Roxborough Reservoir and Filtration Plant, on
right.
Old Lafayette Hotel.
Old Roxborough Public School, 1846, on right.
New Roxborough Senior and Junior High
School.
Roxborough Country Club, left.
Old Three Tuns Inn. Date-stone: built 1731;
re-built 1784; re-modeled 1907.
Manayunk Ave. Keep with trolley; crossing
tracks at Wissahickon Station, on left; down
steep grade.
Turn right into Fairmount Park (Left, en-
trance to Wissahickon Glen and Drive).
Keep left on the East River Drive; enchanting
vistas of river scenery, ending in the archi-
tectural splendors of the Parkway; the most
beautiful approach to the heart of
Philadelphia.
Falls of Schuylkill, on left.
Laurel Hill Cemetery. On left, pathway to
graves of Elisha Kent Kane and Charles
Thomson. See Route 11.
Grant Monument, left.
Memorial Hall, visible on right, across the river.
Lincoln Monument.
Washington Monument. Philadelphia Art
Museum. 28.2 Turn right onto 23d St.
Turn left onto The Parkway.
City Hall, PHILADELPHIA.
Route I]IR—Philadelphia to Harrisburg
0.0
(via Norristown and Reading)
PHILADELPHIA, City Hall.
on the Parkway.
Bear right, around Logan Circle.
23d St.; curve right around Philadelphia Art
Museum.
Pennsylvania Ave.; turn left.
Washington Monument.
Lincoln Monument. Fork; straight through
on East River Drive.
Grant Monument, right.
Memorial Hall, visible on left, across river.
Laurel Hill Cemetery, on right. Tomb of
Elisha Kent Kane (on pathway); and
grave of Charles Thomson.
Falls of Schuylkill.
Fork; bear right.
Ridge Road; turn left (Right, under R. R.
bridge, entrance to Wissahickon Glen and
Drive).
Fork; keep right up hill; immediately be-
yond, right, across R. R. tracks.
Cross Manayunk Ave.; left, with trolley.
Cross Walnut Lane.
Old Three Tuns Inn.
Roxborough Country Club, right.
New Roxborough Senior and Junior High
School.
Old Roxborough Public School, 1846, on left.
Old Lafayette Hotel.
Roxborough Reservoir and Filtration Plant,
on left.
Upper limit of Roxborough.
Marble Tent Monument.
Fountain Inn Hotel (sic), Barren Hill.
Old Toll House, on left.
Harmonville (Left for Detour to the Angel
House).
Black Horse Hotel, right.
Main and De Kalb Streets,
Straight through.
Public Park and Court House Square.
Forrest and Main Sts. Porter Mansion.
Montgomery Cemetery, entrance.
Jeffersonville. 4-corners, straight through.
Colonial Tavern, 1766 (Left for Detour to
Mill Grove and Fatlands).
Mt. Kirk. Providence Presbyterian Church
1730.
Eagleville Hotel, left.
Eagleville. View into seven counties.
Penn at Reading visible on clear day.
(Right for Detour to Evansburg Church).
Cross bridge over Perkiomen Creek.
Fork; keep left with trolley.
Collegeville. Ursinus College, on right.
Trappe. Augustus Lutheran Church.
Limerick.
Go northwest
Norristown.
Mt.
1743.
Pottstown, High and Hanover Sts.
Reading, Penn and 5th Sts.
Harrisburg. Rear of Capitol, 6th and State
Sts.
Route [V—Philadelphia and the South, via Wilmington
Opened by the Swedes and the Indians, long before the days of Penn, the King’s Highway to and from
Philadelphia through Chester and Wilmington, known once as the Darby Road, and now Woodland Avenue,
is the oldest highway in Pennsylvania. The Swedish mansion and blockhouse (1654) at Naamans-on-the-
Delaware, the Swedish churches at Wilmington (1698) and Kingsessing (1760), the Swedish log cabin on
Darby Creek (1698), and the quaint Swedish town of Upland are all stirring places on this highway. Penn’s
first landing place in Chester (1682), the Chester Court House (1745), and John Bartram’s home in the wilder-
ness (1730), are vivid reminders of the English colonial period. Old road houses, like the Blue Bell at Cobb’s
Creek and the Washington Inn at Chester, recall the days when Washington frequently went over this road
to and from Mt. Vernon. Many modern features along the pike witness the progress of recent years.
WASHINGTON INN AND CHESTER COURT HOUSE
Wilmington’s New Civic Centre.—Surrounding a
magnificent public square of exceptional beauty are
the Court House and City Hall, flanked by the new
Public Library (founded in 1788), and faced by the
Hotel Du Pont, one of the finest hotels in America.
Adjoining the Library, on Market St. below Ninth,
is the museum of the Delaware Historical Society,
housed in an old church building, where is preserved
the heroic wooden statue of Washington, originally
erected in Battery Park, New York, in 1796.
Detour to Old Swedes’ Church, Wilmington.—At
11th and King St., 0.0, go south on King St. to 7th
St. 0.2, turning left. Church St. 0.7, turn right. At
7th and Church Sts., Old Swedes’ Church, built in
1698. Continue to 6th St., 0.8, right. King St. 1.3;
right. At 11th and King Sts., 1.6, re-set mileage.
Naamans-on-Delaware.—Beautifully situated at
the corner of the Wilmington Pike and Concordville
Road is the historic Robinson House, now an
attractive tea-room. It and the adjoining Swedish
Block House were built in 1654 by John Risingh,
Swedish Lieutenant-Governor under Governor Printz.
Chester.—The Penn Boulder marks the spot where
William Penn first landed in America, October 28-29,
1682. The Chester Court House, built in 1724, is the
oldest building in continuous public service in the
United States. The Washington House, in daily ser-
vice since 1747, entertained Washington many times
as he traveled to and from Mt. Vernon. The Monu-
ment to John Morton commemorates the Signer of
the Declaration of Independence who cast the decid-
ing vote that placed Pennsylvania on the side of in-
dependence—"the most glorious service that I ever
rendered to my country.”
Detour to Caleb Pusey House, Upland.—At Edg-
mont Ave. and 9th St., Chester (0.0), continue (or
turn right) on Edgmont Ave. Pass at 0.2 Alfred O.
Deshong Memorial Art Gallery. Cross R. R. tracks
0.3. At 14th St. 0.4, turn left (car barn on left).
Crozer Home for Incurables 0.7, left. Keep left at
1.3. Crozer Mill 1.6. Dead end 1.7, turn right, and
then left. At 1.9 avoid left-hand road (bridge). At
2.0 Caleb Pusey House (1683), with stone tablet in
wall, recording visits of William Penn. Reverse to
2.2, First St., turn right. View up quaint Main St.,
Upland. Immediately left on Upland Ave. At 2.6
keep right. Fork 3.2, right. Edgmont Ave. 3.5, turn
right. At 3.6 straight through on Edgmont Ave. to
9th St., 3.9. Re-set mileage at 9th and Edgmont Ave.
Detour to John Morton’s Birthplace, Darby Creek.
—Leave Chester Pike at Lincoln Ave., Moores, 0.0,
turning east. At 0.4 old Swedish log-cabin, built in
1698, birthplace of John Morton. See Route 1.
Detour to Bartram’s Garden.—Leave Woodland
Ave. at 54th St. (on the way to Philadelphia, turning
right) 0.0. Elmwood Ave. 0.3, turn left and imme-
diately right across bridge to 0.4, John Bartram’s
Home and Garden, 1731. See Routes 1 and 5.
WHERE PENN FIRST LANDED IN CHESTER
292
0.0
26.7
Route 1V—Philadelphia and the South, via Wilmington
Route IV—Baltimore to Philadelphia
(via Wilmington and Chester)
Baltimore. Mt. Vernon Place and Charles
Street. Belair, 24.2; Havre de Grace, 41.1;
Elkton, Md., 58.1; Newark, Del., 65.3;
Wilmington, 3-corners; right on Penn-
sylvania Ave., 77.2; right on Delaware
Ave., joining trolley, 77.8; fork at Garfield
Monument; turn left onto 11th St., 78.2,
11th and King Sts., 78.6.
Wilmington, 11th and King Sts. Go north-
east on King St. (Right on King St. for
Detour to Old Swedes’ Church).
No. 1807 Market St., Tatnall Homestead,
on left; dates to 1735.
On left, Bellevue Hall, home of William
DuPont.
Claymont. 6.5 Left, estate of John Rascob.
Naamans-on-Delaware. At junction of Con-
cordville Road, Robinson House (1654), and
Swedish Block House (1654).
Cross State line into Pennsylvania.
On right, Viscose Silk Mills. On left, working-
man’s Model Village.
Right and then left.
Penn St.; turn right.
Front and Penn Sts., Chester; Penn Boulder
on left. Reverse on Penn St. to
BC motemiuirm right.
Welsh St. Morton Monument on right; Old
St. Paul’s on left. Turn left.
4th St.; turn left, and immediately right on
Market St. Between 4th and 5th Sts.,
Chester Court House (1724), on left;
Washington Inn (1747), on right. Pass
under R. R. bearing right on Edgmont Ave.
9th St.; turn right (For Detour to Caleb
Pusey House, Upland, continue on Edg-
mont Ave.).
Madison Ave., St. Paul’s Church, right.
Morton Ave.; turn left.
Eddystone plant, Baldwin Locomotive Works.
Lincoln Ave., Moores (Right for Detour to
Birthplace of John Morton).
On left, old White Horse Inn.
Norwood. 18.7 Glenolden. 19.5 Sharon Hill.
Turn right.
Darby, 4-corners; turn right onto Main St.
Cobb’s Creek Dam, 70th and Woodland Ave.;
southwestern city limit.
St. James Church, Kingsessing, 1760.
Routes 1 and 4.
See
54th St. (Right for Detour to Bartram’s
Garden).
36th St.; turn left. On right, entrance to
Woodlands Cemetery. See Route 10.
Walnut St.; turn right.
34th St. On right, Bennett Hall, University
of Pennsylvania.
23rd St.; turn left. Market ’St.; turn
right.
City Hall, PHILADELPHIA.
293
13.
13.
14.
14.
16.
lyf
18.
19.
19.
20.
23:
26.
26.
26.
Pgh x
Paife
ZiT
28.
105.
Route [Vr—Philadelphia to Baltimore
(via Chester and Wilmington)
PHILADELPHIA, City Hall, south side.
south on Broad St.
Walnut St.; turn right.
34th St.; straight through. On left, Bennett
Hall, University of Pennsylvania.
36th St.; turn left.
Woodland Ave.; turn right.
Woodlands Cemetery.
54th St. (Left for Detour to Bartram’s
Garden).
On right, Cobb’s Creek Boulevard.
Bell Tavern, 17066.
Darby, 4-corners;
Chester Pike.
Sharon Hill. 8.0 Glenolden.
Norwood. On right at 9.4, White Horse Inn.
Lincoln Avenue, Moores (Left for Detour
to Birthplace of John Morton).
Baldwin Locomotive Works, Eddystone.
9th St. and Morton Ave., Chester;
right.
Madison St., St. Paul’s Church, on left
(Right for Detour to Upland).
Edgmont Ave. at 9th St.; turn left.
Fork; turn left onto Welsh St.
East 3rd St.; turn right. Old St. Paul’s
Church graveyard and Monument to
John Morton.
Market St.; turn right. Between 4th and
Sth Sts., passing Chester Court House
(1724), and the Washington House (1747).
5th St.; turn left. 14.0 Penn St.; turn left.
Front and Penn Sts.; on left, Penn Boulder.
Reverse on Penn St. to
Srdyotes turn Lert.
Dead end; right and immediately left.
Viscose Silk Mills, on left. On right, Model
Village.
Claymont, Delaware.
Cross State Line into Delaware.
Naamans-on-Delaware. At junction of Con-
cordville Road, Robinson House (1654)
and Swedish Block House (1654).
On left, estate of John Rascob.
On right, Bellevue Hall, home of Wiliam
Dis Pent:
No. 1807 Market St., Tatnall Homestead.
Bridge over the Brandywine. Bear left on
King St.
11th and King Sts.; turn right for Baltimore
(Continue on King St., for Detour to Old
Swedes’ Church).
Bear right onto Delaware Ave.
Fork; bear left onto Pennsylvania Ave.
Union Ave.; turn left.
Go
Entrance to
Blue
left. 6.1 Left onto
turn
Elsmere; Newark, Del. 40.0; Elkton, Md.
47.2; Havre de Grace 63.6; Belair 81.0.
Baltimore. Mt. Vernon Place and Charles
Street.
On the King’s Highway to the South
ROBINSON HOUSE, NAAMANS-ON-DELAWARE—BUILT BY THE SWEDES, 1654
At the right is the Block House built at the same time by John Risingh, the Swedish Lieutenant-
Governor.
OLD SWEDES’ CHURCH, WILMINGTON, 1698 CALEB PUSEY HOUSE, UPLAND, 1683
At Seventh and Church Streets stands this picturesque In the quaint Swedish town on the, outskirts of Chester
memorial of the early Swedish settlers on the Delaware. is found one of the earliest homes in Pennsylvania still
Here are old portraits and other relics. in use.
294
On the King’s Highway to the North
The Spring School House, now a dwelling, was built in 1768. At the right is the walled Quaker
Meeting House, built at Waln and Unity Streets in 1775.
CHALKLEY HALL—NEAR WHEAT SHEAF LANE STEPHEN DECATUR’S HOME, FRANKFORD
Route V—Philadelphia and the South, via Kennett Square
The Baltimore Pike is the favorite highway to and from Baltimore and Washington. Opened by a turn-
pike company chartered in 1809, it was the second great road south. It is the direct route to the Brandywine
battlefield. Leading from it are numerous detours of more than passing interest. Above all, it leads through
quaint Kennett Square, birthplace of Bayard Taylor.
Detour to Cedarcroft.—Leaving Kennett Square at
State and Union Sts., turn west on State Street.
Cedarcroft is exactly one mile out, and stands deep
in the grounds, hidden by trees and shrubbery.
See Route 23.
Detour to “Longwood.”—To Philadelphia, turn
left at 2.7; from Philadelphia, continue at 29.3. At
0.1 fork, straight through; 0.5 fork, turn right. At
0.7 Longwood Gardens, the beautiful Du Pont coun-
try estate, open to visitors and widely celebrated for
its beauty and marvellous collection of plants and
flowers. Reverse to starting point.
Detour to Brandywine Battlefield.—Baltimore Pike
0.0. Chadd’s House; old stone house, high on right,
0.2. Beautiful views and drive along Brandywine
Creek. Turn right 2.7. Dillworth Road 4.0, turn
right. A marker at this corner, put up by the Penna.
Historical Commission and the Chester and Delaware
County Historical Societies, records that the British
attack upon the American right wing under Sullivan
at the Battle of Brandywine began here, Sept. 11th,
1777. At 4.3 turn left into the Lafayette Cemetery,
with Monument to Lafayette, and another to Briga-
dier General Count Casimir Pulaski (1747-1779),
both erected by the grandson of a soldier who served
under Wayne in the fight at this spot. A stone stile
at the right leads into the wooded grounds of the
Birmingham Meeting House (1763), used as a hos- ,
pital after the battle; almost hidden in its modest
corner here is the Stone Tablet erected by the Brandy-
wine Farmers Club in 1920. The original Meeting
of cedar logs was built in 1721. Continue drive on
cemetery path, curving right to graveyard gate, turn-
ing right at 4.4 alongside of Meeting House. On left
is the quaint Octagonal School, established in 1753
under John Forsythe, who became the first headmaster
of Westtown Boarding School (1799). At 4.5 turn
right into Dillworth Road. A Tablet on the wall of
LAFAYETTE’S HEADQUARTERS AT CHADD’S FORD
BRANDYWINE MONUMENT TO LAFAYETTE
the Meeting House marks the first line of defense of
the American Army at the Battle of Brandywine.
At 4.9 turn left, returning to Brandywine Creek.
At 6.2 turn left along Brandywine Creek Drive.
Baltimore Pike at Chadd’s Ford 8.8. Re-set speed-
ometer at 24.8 or 7.1.
Detour to Avondale, and Birthplace of Benjamin
West.—On the way to Philadelphia, leave Baltimore
Pike at Providence Road, Media, 0.0. turning right.
Kate Furness Library, Wallingford, 0.8. Cross R. R.
bridge and turn left 0.9. Dead end 1.2, turn right,
and immediately left. At 2.1 turn right. At 2.2.
straight through along Crum Creek. At 2.5 Avondale,
built 1785, home of Thomas Leiper, pioneer experi-
menter in railroading in America. See Route 21.
Reverse to 2.8, passing under trolley bridge, and
turning right across bridge over Crum Creek, 2.9.
On right, Mary Lyon School for Girls. On left,
Strathaven Inn. Chester Road, Swarthmore, 3.4,
turn left. Swarthmore Preparatory School on left
3.5. Cross R. R. tracks 3.7. At 3.9, left, birthplace
of Benjamin West, on Swarthmore College Campus.
See Route 15. Bear right at 4.3. Baltimore Pile
4.6. Re-set mileage at 21.1.
Detour to Birthplace of Benjamin West, and Avon-
dale.—On the way from Philadelphia, leave Balti-
more Pike at Chester Road, Swarthmore, 0.0, turning
left. Reverse above trip.
296
Route V—Philadelphia and the South, via Kennett Square
Route V—Baltimore to Philadelphia
(via Kennett Square, Chadd’s Ford, and Media)
Route Vr—Philadelphia to Baltimore
(via Media, Chadd’s Ford, and Kennett Square)
0.0 Baltimore, at Washington Monument. 0.0 Philadelphia, City Hall, south side. Go
74.2 Kennett Square. south on Broad St.
0.2 Walnut St.; turn right.
0.0 Kennett Square, State and Union Sts. Bayard 1.7 34th St. and Woodland Ave.; straight
Taylor’s birthplace (Left for Detour to through. Bennett Hall, on left.
Cedarcroft). 3.0 West Philadelphia High School for Girls,
0.6 Pass Barton Road, right. 2.5 3-corners; left. 47th and Walnut; West Philadelphia High
2.6 Longwood Cemetery; Bayard Taylor’s grave. School for Boys, 48th and Walnut.
2.7 Dead end; turn right (Left for Detour to 3.2 49th St.; turn left.
“Longwood”). 3.8 Diagonally right onto Baltimore Ave.
2.8 4-corners; through. 3.5 Avoid right fork. 5.3 City Limits. Straight through on Baltimore
3.9 Kennett Square Meeting House. Stop. Pike.
6.9 Cross Brandywine Creek at Chadd’s Ford. 10.9 Chester Road, Swarthmore (Diagonally left
7.1 Chadd’s Ford (Left for Detour to Brandywine for Detour to Birthplace of Benjamin
Battlefield). West, and Avondale).
7.8 Washington’s Headquarters at the Battle of | 11.7 Cross Memorial Bridge over Crum Creek.
Brandywine, left. 12.8 Washington St. and Providence Road, Media;
8.1 Brandywine Baptist Church, 1715 straight through. On right, Media Hospi-
8.2 Lafayette’s Headquarters, left. tal, formerly Old Providence Inn.
10.9 Concordville; right fork leads to Concord 13.4 South Ave.; Delaware County Court House.
Meeting House. 14.0 Cross bridge over Crum Creek. On rise, on
15.9 Lima. Cross Roads; Old Pine Apple Inn, left, Tourist Camp.
1737; now a dwelling. 14.1 Entrance to Elwyn (Penna. Training School
16.8 Black Horse Inn, 1739, left. See Route VR at for Feeble-minded).
1591 Sor detour. 15.1 Black Horse Inn, 1739; on right (Turn east
17.8 Entrance to Elwyn. on Middletown Road for detour to Wi-
17.9 Cross bridge over Crum Creek. Tourist Camp, liamson Free School of Mechanical Trades,
18.3 Turn right uphill onto Washington St., Media. entrance at 0.7, right; and straight on to
18.5 South Ave.; Delaware County Court House, 1.2, Old Middletown Presbyterian Church,
18.7. Monroe St., Media. founded about 1720).
19.2 Providence Road (Right for Detour to Avon- 16.0 Lima Cross Roads, Old Pine Apple Inn, 1737,
dale and Birthplace of Benjamin West). now a dwelling; once a famous stage-relay.
21.1 Chester Road, Swarthmore (Detours to 17.3° Under R. R. at Wawa.
Avondale and West’s Birthplace end here). 21.0 Concordville. Reverse fork on left leads to
26.8 61st St.; left. 27.9 Walnut St.; turn right. Concord Meeting House.
29.4 48th and Walnut, West Philadelphia High 22.7 Stone house in the hollow, S. P. 1796.
School for Boys. 23.7 Lafayette’s Headquarters at the Battle of
29.5 47th and Walnut, West Philadelphia High Brandywine, September 10 and 11, 1777.
School for Girls. 23.8 Brandywine Baptist Church, organized in
31.5 23d St.; turn left. 31.6 Market St.; right. 1715; beautiful old trees, a dismounting
32.3 City Hall, PHILADELPHIA. step, and old tombstones.
24.2 Washington’s Headquarters at Chadd’s Ford.
24.8 Chadd’s Ford Inn (Immediately beyond, turn
right for Detour to Brandywine Battlefield).
25.0 Cross concrete bridge over Brandywine Creek,
passing into Chester County.
26.4 Battlefield Marker, on right.
28.0 Kennett Square Meeting House, made famous
by Bayard Taylor in the Story of Kennett.
28.3 Fork; bear right. 28.4 Hamorton.
29.1 Fork; straight through, leaving Pike.
29.3 Turn left for entrance to Longwood Cemetery.
In center of path, right, grave of Bayard
Taylor.
29.3 (Before turning, continue for Detour to
“Longwood’’).
29.4 Baltimore Pike; turn right.
31.9 Kennett Square, State and Union Sts. Tablet
marking Site of Bayard Taylor’s Birthplace
(Right for Detour to Cedarcroft).
ON THE BRANDYWINE 106.1 Baltimore.
Route VI—Philadelphia and the South, via West Chester
Tourists to and from the South will find this alternative route through West Chester exceptionally attractive.
The pastoral landscape between Kennett Square and West Chester, and the scenery of the Upper Brandy-
wine are full of reminders of the charm of rural England. West Chester is especially interesting as the center
of a rich farming district. The West Chester Pike is one of the finest highways into Philadelphia.
Route VI—Baltimore to Philadelphia
(via Kennett Square and West Chester)
0.0 Baltimore, at Washington Monument.
Kennett Square.
0.0 Kennett Square, State and Union Sts. Tablet,
northeast corner, marking site of Bayard
Taylor’s birthplace. Turn left.
1.0 Cedarcroft; home of Bayard Taylor (1860-78).
Tablet. Stop. See Route 23.
2.0 Willowdale (Right for detour to Red Lion
Inn (1789), now private residences. (Com-
plete detour four miles).
3.2 3-corners; turn left; Main Street, Unionville.
3.7. Unionville Cemetery, right; grave of Ruth
Baldwin Wilson, original of “‘Martha Deane.”
3.8 Large brick house, left; last home of ‘‘ Martha
Deane.”’
3.9 Old Inn (1734); original of the ‘Unicorn Inn.”
4.2 Old Unionville Public School; once the
“academy,’’ where Bayard Taylor was edu-
cated. Reverse to
4.6 Turn left; leaving Unionville. Right, corner
of Main Street, the site of the original of
“The Deane Mansion.”
7.5 Straight through, bearing right. 7.6 Turn
left:
9.0 Caution; grade crossing. 9.2 Turn left.
9.3. Through covered bridge; bearing right.
10.1 Through covered bridge; turning left.
11.5 Straight through.
12.7. Turn. right; read becomes }Priceot.n aw est
Chester.
13.6 High St.; turn left.
14.3 W. Fayette St.; turn left.
14.3. Church St.; turn left. Church and W. Fay-
ette Sts., West Chester Public Library;
“Bayard Taylor Memorial Collection.” Stop.
See Route 23.
14.6 Gay Street; turn right.
14.8 New Street; turn left.
14.9 Market and New Sts., West Chester County
Jail; turn left.
15.0 High St.; left. On right, Turk’s Head Inn,
1747.
15.0 Left, Court House; stone and tablet.
15.1 Turn right; on left, Green Tree Hotel (1786).
The street becomes West Chester Pike to
Philadelphia. See Route 23.
20.8 Willis Town Inn.
22.8 Old Penn Hotel; now private house.
24.0 Road entrance to Castle Rocks, on right; near
ruins of stone-breaker, at sign ‘‘Car Stop.”
See Route 23.
25.5 Keep right with trolley.
26.3 Newtown Square (Left on Newtown Road
for detour to 0.4, Newtown Meeting House
1791):
Octagonal School House, right.
Drove Tavern, 1728; a remodeled tea-room and
grocery.
27.0
28.5
30.1 Sons of Temperance Hall, built 1847; right.
31.1 Llanerch Country Club, right.
32.0 Llanerch; straight through.
33.0 Flower Observatory, University of Pennsyl-
vania; left.
34.6 Pass on left, Millbourne Mills, 1757.
34.7 63d St., Philadelphia; turn right.
34.9 Walnut St.; turn left.
38.6 23d St; left 38.8 Market St.; right.
39.5 City Hall, PHILADELPHIA.
Route VIr—Philadelphia to Baltimore
(via West Chester and Kennett Square)
0.0 PHILADELPHIA, City Hall,
South on Broad St.
0.2. Walnut St.; turn right.
4.6 63d St.; turn right.
4.8 Market St.; turn left. For full details from
this point see Route 23—Tracks and Traces
of Bayard Taylor.
Green Tree Hotel, (1786), West Chester. See
as above for reaching
South | side.
26.7 West Chester Public Library.
29.5 Views of the Brandywine.
36.4 Main St., Unionville.
39.0 Willowdale (Detour to Red Lion Inn).
40.0 Cedarcroft; home of Bayard Taylor (1860—-
78).
41.0 State and Union Sts., Kennett Square. Tab-
let, marking site of Bayard Taylor’s birth-
place. Turn right.
115.2 Baltimore.
Kennett Square.—‘‘The Story of Kennett,” as
depicted in Bayard: Taylor’s novel, is occasionally
enacted as a play or pageant in this quaint town. An
annual fox chase, commemorative of the famous
chase of March 17, 1796, described in the novel, is
held by the Kennett Square Hunt Club, and the par-
ticipants impersonate the characters of the story.
Six thousand persons witnessed the centenary run in
1896, when Taylor’s brother-in-law appeared as
Sandy Flash, the outlaw. The centennial of the
birth of the poet was celebrated January 11, 1925.
Mrs. Bayard Taylor celebrated the 95th anniversary
of her birthday on June 2, 1924, in Garmisch-Parten-
kirchen, near Munich, but has since died.
Castle Rocks.—These fantastic rocks on the West
Chester Pike have long been of curious interest for
their association with ‘‘Sandy Flash,” the original of
Bayard Taylor’s outlaw.
298
On Byways of the Bethlehem Pike
GARDEN GATE OF THE DEVEREUX HOUSE DEVEREUX HOUSE NEAR CAMP HILL
Across a beautiful moat, terraced steps lead into this old- | Here Washington had headquarters in 1777, before moving
world garden. to Valley Forge.
Route VII—Philadelphia and the North, via Ambler
The Bethlehem Pike joins Germantown Road at Chestnut Hill.
Combined at Allen Lane with the
Lincoln Drive along the Wissahickon, followed by the East River Drive along the Schuylkill, it becomes the
most beautiful approach of all to the heart of the city. The region between Ambler and Chestnut Hill figures
largely in the history of Revolutionary days.
To the hills of the Whitemarsh Valley Washington marched
after the Battle of Germantown. Delightful colonial houses associated with the events of the time are met
with on the detours to Camp Hill and the Skippack. The detour over Germantown Avenue from the Chew
House, the chief scene of the Battle of Germantown, to Loudoun, the home of descendants of James Logan,
is crowded with houses and places of historic interest.
Detour to Camp Hill, and Devereux House.—Leav-
ing Bethlehem Pike (at 1.5 or 16.6) turn east, 0.0.
Cross R. R. 0.5. Over bridge at 0.9, turning right
around Camp Hill; on the summit is the Van Rensse-
laer Mansion. Curve left at 1.1. On the Van Rens-
selaer estate at 1.4 is the burial plot of Nicholas Scull,
who came to America in 1685, and whose son became
Surveyor General of the Province and is remembered
for important early maps. Continue, keeping right
at 1.5. At 1.7 is a white gate, entrance to the Dev-
ereux House, owned by Emlen Devereux. At 1.8 is
a field entrance, where may be seen the beautiful moat
and the old walled garden fronting the house. Here
Washington had headquarters from October 30
until December 11, 1777, when he moved the army
to Gulph Mills and Valley Forge. Here he dined the
officers of his Staff in the afternoons at three o’clock,
but not in the style he wished, as a record dated
November 7, 1777, testifies: ‘‘Since the General left
Germantown, in the middle of September last, he has
been without his baggage, and on that account is
unable to receive company in the manner he could
wish.”’ While staying in this house Washington
offered a reward of ten dollars ‘‘to any person, who
shall by nine o’clock Monday morning produce the
best substitute for shoes, made of raw hides.’”’ Re-
verse to Bethlehem Pike.
Hope Lodge, 1721.—A fine relic of colonial days,
especially charming within for its wainscoting and
panelings, old mantels and Dutch tiles, massive doors
and locks. It has been occupied by the Wentz
family for the last 100 years. The attic room was the
home of the first Masonic Lodge in Pennsylvania.
Detour to the Skippack.—Leave the Bethlehem
Pike (0.0) at 2.7 or 15.4. First laid out in 1713, the
Skippack road stretches for miles to Pennypacker
Mill on the Perkiomen Creek at Schwenksville. At
1.0 turn right on Sheaff Lane to 1.2, The Highlands
(See below). Reverse to Skippack Road, 1.3, turn
right. Broad Ax Inn, left;2.3. At3.1, turn tieht fo
gravel road. Old school house, 3.4. At 3.7, left,
Dawesfield (See below). Morris Road, 4.2, turn
left. Turn right on Penllyn Road, 5.2. At 6.1, turn
left on road at side of Penllyn Station. At 6.4 Foulke
House, Penllyn (See below). Reverse to 6.6, Penllyn
Road, turning right. Keep left, 6.8. Cross Morris
Road, 7.5. At 8.1 Blue Bell Church (See below).
Ye Old Inn, Blue Bell, 8.4, turn left onto Skippack
Road. Straight through to Bethlehem Pike, 11.7.
The Highlands.—A wonderful old house built in
1796 by Anthony Morris, who in 1793 was dismissed
from Meeting by the Quakers, because he signed a
bill calling for troops to suppress the whiskey insur-
rection. He was Speaker of the State Senate. A
son and a daughter of Fredrick Augustus Muhlenberg,
nrst Speaker of Congress, married into the family
that has owned this property for over a century.
Family portraits by Sully are treasures of the house,
and the walled garden is a unique feature.
Dawesfield.—Built in 1736, and now the enlarged
home of George J. Cook, a Philadelphia banker, this
early colonial house preserves ‘‘documentary evi-
dence”’ of its use as headquarters by Washington—
an old inscribed plate attached to the bedstead in
which the much-traveled Washington slept. Here a
court-martial, held at his request, acquitted General
Anthony Wayne with honor, and dismissed the charges
made against him as a result of the Paoli Massacre.
Foulke House, Penllyn.—The Wisters of Grumble-
thorpe fame took refuge here when the British
were occupying Philadelphia and harassing German-
town. In this house the vivacious Sally Wister wrote
the ever charming Diary that pictures so graphically
the exciting life of the country-side in those days.
Blue Bell Church.—In spring time, with its out-
look, and carpet of pink mountain laurel overrunning
the gray stones, a spot of rare beauty. Here labored
the old German schoolmaster preacher, John Philip
Boehm. The building dates from 1818. Tablet.
Old St. Thomas Church.—Situated on a hill in the
Whitemarsh Valley, it is redolent with memories of
Washington and his army encamped here after the
disaster at Germantown. It was founded before 1700.
Detour to Main Street, Germantown.—On the way
to Philadelphia, at Allen Lane, 7.4; continue on
Germantown Avenue. On the way from Philadel-
phia turn right at 10.2. Historic houses on this street
are so numerous that only the more important are
listed on this detour. See Routes 3, 4, 10. Memorial
to Dr. Henry Melchior Muhlenberg, left, 0.0; St.
Michael’s Lutheran Church (founded 1730) left,
0.7; Church of the Brethren (founded 1723) left, 0.9;
Billmeyer House, 1727, 1.0; Upsala, 1798, right, 1.1;
Chew House, storm centre of the Battle of German-
town, left, 1.1; Upper Burying Ground and Concord
School, left, 1.3; Nos. 6316-6306 Main St., Johnson
Houses, right, 1.3; No. 6239 Main St., Washington
Tavern, 1740; Mennonite Meeting House (founded
1708), left, 1.5; Green Tree Tavern, 1748, site of
Pastorius homestead, left, 1.6; Wyck (1690) right,
1.6; Vernon Mansion, Vernon Park, Museum of Ger-
mantown Site and Relic Society, right, 2.0; Morris-
Perot House, 1772, right, 2.2; Wister House, 1774,
left, 2.4; Thones Kunder’s House, left, 2.6; Lower
Germantown Burial Ground, 1693, left, 2.8; Loudoun
1802, right, 3.0. Reverse to starting point (or con-
tinue direct to City Hall, via Broad St.).
300
RouteVII—Philadelphia and the North, via Ambler
Route VIIR—Philadelphia to Scranton
Route VII—Scranton to Philadelphia
HOPE LODGE, BETHLEHEM PIKE, 1721—HOME OF THE
(via Allentown and Ambler)
Scranton, Wyoming and Lackawanna Aves.
Allentown, Hamilton and 7th Sts.
Ambler.
Ambler, Faust Tannery, left.
Trinity Memorial Church, Ambler.
(Left for Detour to Camp Hill, and Devereux
House). 1.7 Fort Washington Inn, right.
Tablet. Erected by the Pennsylvania Society
of the Sons of the Revolution.
Hope Lodge; left, far back from road.
Fort Side Inn, right.
(Sharp right for Detour to Skippack).
St. Thomas Church, left.
Flourtown. 4.0 Black Horse Hotel, left.
Colonial log-cabin in ruins; left.
Early Road House, 1743. C(harles) O(ttin-
ger) M(ary) O(ttinger).
Wheel Pump Hotel, right.
Fork; turn left onto Germantown Ave.
Allen Lane; turn right. (Straight through
for Detour to Germantown).
Lincoln Drive; turn left.
Entrance to Fairmount Park.
Birthplace of David Rittenhouse, right.
Keep left on East River Drive.
Falls of Schuylkill.
Laurel Hill Cemetery, left. (See Route 11).
Lincoln Monument; straight through.
Pennsylvania Ave.; turn right. Washington
Monument.
23d St.; turn right. Philadelphia Art Mu-
seum. 16.6 Parkway; turn left.
City Hall, PHILADELPHIA.
301
0.0
54.9
(via Ambler and Allentown)
Philadelphia, City Hall, north side.
west on Parkway.
23d St.; right. Philadelphia Art Museum.
Pennsylvania Ave.; turn left. Washington
Monument. 1.8 Pass Lincoln Monument.
Laurel Hill Cemetery, onright. See Route 11.
Fork; bear right. 5.2 Falls of Schuylkill.
Cross Ridge Ave. onto Wissahickon Drive.
Rittenhouse Birthplace, and Site of first Paper
Mill in America (1690).
Dead end at Allen Lane; turn right.
Germantown Ave.; turn left (Right for De-
tour to Germantown).
Gowen Ave.; turn right
Mt. Airy Station, on left.
Dead end at Stenton Ave.; turn left.
Fork; bear right.
Fork; bear right onto Bethlehem Pike.
Wheel Pump Hotel, on left.
Early Road House, 1743.
ger) M(ary) O(ttinger).
Black Horse Hotel, right.
Flourtown. 15.2 St. Thomas Church, right.
(Left for Detour to Skippack).
Fort Side Inn, left.
Hope Lodge; back from road, right.
Fort Washington Inn, left. Cross R. R.
(Right for Detour to Camp Hill, and Devereux
House).
Trinity Memorial Church, Ambler.
Ambler; Faust Tannery, right.
Quakertown, Broad and Main Sts;
Allentown, Hamilton and 7th Sts.
North-
C(harles) O(ttin-
47.6,
146.7 Scranton, Lackawanna and Wyoming Aves.
J
FIRST MASONIC LODGE IN PENNSYLVANIA
Route VIII—Philadelphia and the North, via Doylestown
A section of the Lackawanna Trail, the Doylestown Pike connects Philadelphia with Easton and the
Delaware Water Gap. At Willow Grove it becomes continuous with the Old York Road, of which in olden
times it was regarded as a branch. The part beyond Willow Grove was opened in 1722. The outstanding
figure on this old road was Sir William Keith, whose coach and four with outriders, on their way to Phila-
delphia, was one of the sensations of the era. The detour to Graeme Park and Sir William’s old mansion
is not to be missed. The Bucks County Historical Museum, on this route, is the greatest thing of its kind in
America.
GRAEME PARK—MANSION OF SIR WILLIAM KEITH, 1721
A mile and a half from the Pike, between Doylestown and Willow Grove, is the age-worn but beau-
tiful old home of Queen Anne’s Surveyor General of the Royal Customs.
Detour to St. Tammany’s Burial Ground, Chalfont.
—At Doylestown turn west on State St., 0.0. Fork
at 0.1, bear right on State Road. Pass National Farm
School, 1.6. At 4.8 cross bridge over Neshaminy at
Chalfont. At 5.1 stop at line fence, state road, right;
Graeme Park Farms, 1.4. Since 1791 the property
has belonged to the Penrose family, who built the
present mansion and surrounding buildings. Sev-
eral hundred yards along a lane still stands the ancient
Mansion of Sir William Keith, 1721; age-worn, but
walk across field down hill (about 100 yards) to two
trees near a winding streamlet; burial ground of
Tamenend, the Lenape Indian chief, known as St.
Tammany. Reverse to State and Main Sts., Doyles-
town, (10.2). See Route 6.
Bucks County Historical Society, Doylestown.—
Leaving Main Street, turn east, and immediately left
on East Ashland St.; then right on South Pine St. to
0.4m. The Museum, in design and construction
(concrete throughout, including window frames and
roof), in completeness and diversity of material
(21,000 relics), as well as in ingenuity in display, is
unique in America. The interior is a child’s dream
of a Nuremberg gargantuan toy-house. One of many
features is a series of little rooms showing historic
implements of household and farm, and of trades and
professions.
Detour to Graeme Park.—Leaving Doylestown
Pike, 0.0, turn west on Davis Grove Road. At 0.6,
straight through on dirt road, still called Governor’s
Road; colonial house on left. At 1.3 turn right into
with beautiful interior wood-work and fire-places.
Sir William Keith was Queen Anne’s Surveyor Gen-
eral of the royal customs in the American colonies,
and afterwards deputy governor of the Province of
Pennsylvania. His step-daughter married Dr.
Graeme, member of the Provincial Council, and a
Justice of the Supreme Court. Graeme Park orig-
inally embraced 1200 acres, including the present
Willow Grove. Here Washington was entertained
October 21, 1777, by Elizabeth Graeme. Reverse
to Doylestown Pike (2.8).
Willow Grove Park.—This finest open-air amuse-
ment park in America, under management of the
Philadelphia Rapid Transit Company, has no admis-
sion charge. A regular summer feature is the best
in orchestra and band music, under world-famous
leaders.
Detour to Stenton.—Leaving Broad Street, 0.0,
turn west on Wingohocking Street to 18th St., 0.3;
turn right, 0.4, and immediately right into Stenton,
1728. See Route 5. Reverse to Broad St.
302
0.
1
2:2
18.
21.
21.
No
Route VIII—Philadelphia and the North, via Doylestown
Route VIIJ—Easton to Philadelphia
(via Doylestown and Willow Grove)
Easton, Centre Square. South on 3rd St.
Doylestown.
Doylestown, State and Main Sts. The
Fountain Hotel (‘“Ye Olde Inn’); in
daily continuous service since 1748; an-
tiques of charm and interest (Right for
Detour to St. Tammany’s Burial Ground,
Chalfont).
East Ashland St. (Left for Detour to Bucks
County Historical Society Museum).
Edison. Dangerous curve; right, then left
over Neshaminy bridge (1801).
Warrington Inn.
Davis Grove Road (Right for Detour to
Graeme Park).
Hallowell.
Horsham Friends’ Meeting, dating to 1721;
present building 1803.
Fork; right onto Old York Road.
Willow Grove. Entrance to Willow Grove
Park, right.
Abington Presbyterian Church.
Abington Library, left.
Jenkintown; bank on right (Left for Abington
Meeting House).
Fork; bear left with trolley.
The Ivy, 1682, right.
Ogontz. 4-corners right with trolley.
Entrance to Latham Park; site of ‘Road-
side,” home of the pioneer defender of
women’s rights, Lucretia Mott.
City Line; one block on right, La Mott,
quaint settlement, formerly called “‘Camp-
town,”’ now named for Lucretia Mott.
Fork; left with trolley on Old York Road.
Wingohocking St. (Right for Detour to
Stenton).
Cross Roosevelt Boulevard.
City Hall, PHILADELPHIA.
DOYLESTOWN
HISTORICAL MUSEUM,
Bucks County Historical Society.
303
0 OWA
Route VIIIk—Philadelphia to Easton
(via Willow Grove and Doylestown)
PHILADELPHIA, City Hall, north side.
north on Broad St.
Cross Roosevelt Boulevard.
Wingohocking St. (Left for Detourto Stenton).
Broad St. and Old York Road; straight
through on Broad St.
Go
Olney Ave.; left on Old York Road.
Fork; left on Old York Road with trolley.
Oak Lane.
City Line; one block on left, La Mott (for-
merly ‘“‘Camptown”’).
Entrance to Latham Park; site of ‘Road-
side’,
Ogontz. Fork; left with trolley.
Left, Cheltenham Flour Mills, Tacony
Creek; adjoining, The Ivy, 1682.
Fork; bear left with trolley.
Jenkintown; Bank on left (Right for Abing-
ton Meeting House).
Abington Presbyterian Church.
Willow Grove. Willow Grove Park, on left.
Fork; left with trolley onto Doylestown Pike.
Horsham Friends’ Meeting, dating to 1721;
present building, 1803.
Hallowell.
Davis Grove Road (Left for Detour to
Graeme Park).
Warrington Inn.
Edison. Dangerous curve; right, then left,
over Neshaminy bridge, built 1801.
Castellated building on right, Bucks County
Historical Society Museum.
(Right for Detour to Historical Society
Museum).
Doylestown, State and Main Sts. The
Fountain Hotel (‘‘Ye Olde Inn’), 1748
(Left on State Street for Detour to St.
Tammany’s Burial Ground, Chalfont).
Easton, Centre Square.
1682—OLD YORK ROAD
THE IVY,
Oldest house in Pennsylvania still in use.
Route IX—Philadelphia and the North, via New Hope
The Old York Road is still an important highway between New York and Philadelphia, the tourist from
the North, via Morristown, picking it up across the Delaware River at New Hope, Pa. Itleads through Willow
Grove to Broad Street, by way of which the center of the city is now reached. The terminus of the original
road, first opened in 1711, is still at Fourth and Callowhill Streets. Lining this old road throughout its length
are many places and points of interest.
Detour over the “Indian Walk.’”—Leaving Old
York Road at Buckingham cross roads, 0.0, turn east,
jogging right and then left onto the road to Wrights-
town. At 3.8 bear right, passing Pineville P. O., on
right. Anchor Hotel 5.2, jog right and then left.
At 6.2, adjoining Wrightstown Meeting House, Mono-
lith to the Lenni Lenape Indians, marking the start-
ing point of the famous ‘‘ Indian Walk.’’ See Route 6.
Detour to Doylestown.—Leaving Old York Road
at Buckingham cross roads, 0.0, turn west. Fork
0.2, turn left. Fork 3.7, turn left on State Street to
4.0, Fountain House, Doylestown, State and Main
Sts. See Route VIII for Bucks County Historical
Society Museum, and other particulars.
Neshaminy Presbyterian Church.—This church at
Hartsville was founded in 1710 In the hall is a
tablet to Nathaniel Irwin, best friend of John Fitch,
inventor of the first experimental steamboat. See
Route 14. Pastor here. also was the Rev. William
Tennant (1721), who founded nearby the famous
“Log College,’ forerunner of Princeton.
Hatboro.—The Crooked Billet, built by the founder
of Hatboro, in 1750, has been made over into a pri-
vate dwelling. With a library founded in 1755, a
bridge built in 1780, and a school dating to 1801,
Hatboro is proud of its history, particularly of its
part, May 1, 1778, in the conflict for Independence.
Abington Presbyterian Church.—The church dates
to 1710. Directly opposite is the old church ceme-
tery; at the gate is the tombstone of Gilbert Tennent,
son of the founder of the ‘Log College’ (forerunner
STENTON-——AN EARLY COLONIAL COUNTRY SEAT
eee by James Logan, Penn’s friend and secretary, in
28.
of Princeton), and first pastor of the Second Pres-
byterian Church of Philadelphia. _Commemorated
on the same stone is Samuel Finley, fifth president of
Princeton.
The Ivy, 1682.—On the Old York Road, with
name cut on gate-posts, is the oldest house in Penn-
sylvania still in use. The Friends’ Meeting held
here in 1683 was the forerunner of the Cheltenham
Meeting, succeeded in 1700 by the Abington Monthly
Meeting. The adjoining Cheltenham Flour Mills,
Tacony Creek, dates to 1746.
Willow Grove Park.—See Route VIII.
Willow Grove to Broad Street.—See Route VIII.
Detour to Stenton.—See Route VIII.
Aerial photograph by Victor Dallin
WILLOW GROVE—FINEST OPEN-AIR AMUSEMENT PARK IN AMERICA
304
Route IX—Philadelphia and the North, via New Hope
Route [X—New York to Philadelphia
(via Morristown, New Hope, and Willow Grove)
0.0 New York, 42nd and Broadway. West on
0.0
13.5
14.0
15.6
17.7
. Wingohocking St.
42nd St. to ferry. Newark, 12.4; Morris-
town, 32.6; Lambertville, N.J., Bridge
and Main Sts. 76.4; cross bridge over
Delaware River to New Hope, Pa., 77.1.
New Hope, Pa.; Bank on right. Straight
through on Old York Road (Left on Main
Street to Main and Ferry Sts. for Benjamin
Parry House, 1784. The Art Colony is
north of the highway).
Fork; cannon monument in centre; bear
right.
Aquetong.
Catalpa Inn.
Lahaska. ‘‘The Vale of Lahaska’’; named
by the Indians.
Buckingham Meeting House, 1768; used by
Washington as a hospital.
Hollicong.
Buckingham, cross roads; General Greene
Inn, on left (Right for Detour to Doyles-
town (4 m.). Left for Detour to Wrights-
town (6.2 m).
Bridge Valley; cross bridge over the
Neshaminy.
Jamison.
Robbins Farmhouse, 1763; Washington’s
headquarters, August 10 to August 23,
1777; here Lafayette first joined the
army.
Cross bridge over the Little Neshaminy;
nearby Washington encamped with 13,000
men in 1777; in this encampment
Alexander Hamilton, John Marshall, and
James Monroe were officers.
Hartsville. At 14.1 Neshaminy Presbyterian
Church.
Street Road. Tablet to John Fitch, who
exploited his idea of the steamboat
(1785), on a nearby pond. 16.7 Pass from
Bucks to Montgomery County.
Hatboro Monument, commemorating the
Battle at Crooked Billet, May 1, 1778.
Hatboro Library; founded 1755.
Hatboro Public School; originally Loller
Academy (1801), founded by a Revolu-
tionary soldier, teacher, and surveyor,
afterwards an associate Judge of Mont-
gomery County. Tablet.
3-corners; bear left on Old York Road.
Willow Grove; Willow Grove Park, on
right. For Old York Road from Willow
Grove to Broad St., see Route VIII at
mileage 12.1 to 18.8.
Broad St. and Old York Road;
through on Broad St.
(Right for Detour to
straight
Stenton).
Cross Roosevelt Boulevard.
City Hall, PHILADELPHIA.
Route [Xr—Philadelphia to New York
(via Willow Grove, New Hope, and Morristown)
0.0
4.
4.7
MMO}
NMP OO U0
CMUUMNS w
6
PHILADELPHIA, City Hall, north side. Go
north on Broad St
Cross Roosevelt Boulevard.
Wingohocking St. (Left for Detour to
Stenton).
Broad St. and Old York Road. Straight
through on Broad St.
Fork; bear right on Old York Road with
trolley. For Old York Road from Broad
St. to Willow Grove, See Route VIIIR.
Willow Grove.
Fork; bear right on Old York Road.
Fork; bear left away from trolley.
Hatboro Public School; originally Loller
Academy (1801).
Hatboro Library; founded 1755.
Hatboro Monument, commemorating Battle
at Crooked Billet Tavern.
Street Road; Tablet to John Fitch.
Neshaminy Presbyterian Church.
Cross the Little Neshaminy.
Robbin’s Farmhouse, 1763.
Jamison.
Bridge Valley; cross the Neshaminy.
Buckingham; crossroads. General Greene
Inn, on right (Left for Detour to Doyles-
town. Right for Detour to Wrightstown).
Hollicong.
Buckingham Meeting House, 1768.
Lahaska.
Catalpa Inn.
Aquetong.
Fork; Cannon Monument bear left.
New Hope, Pa.; Bank on left. Straight
through. Cross bridge over Delaware River.
Tablet.
Lambertville, N. J., Bridge and Main Sts.
Morristown. 98.6 Newark.
New York, 42nd St. and Broadway.
BUCKINGHAM MEETING HOUSE,
Built in 1768, this stately Meeting House is surrounded by
1768—OLD YORK ROAD
ancient trees under which wounded Revolutionary soldiers
found rest and refuge.
305
Route X—Philadelphia and the North, via South Langhorne
The Lincoln Highway between New York and Philadelphia embraces the complete twelve miles of the
magnificent Roosevelt Boulevard, and represents the modern short cut between Trenton and Philadelphia.
Short detours to Trinity Church, Oxford, and to Stenton, the colonial home of James Logan, are outstanding
historic features of this route.
From this road also may be reached the imposing Swedenborgian Cathedral
at Bryn Athyn, and the impressive saw manufactory of the Henry Disston Sons Company at Tacony.
CHURCH OF THE NEW JERUSALEM, BRYN ATHYN
Already widely celebrated for its situation and its architectural features, this building will require thirty
years more for its completion.
Roosevelt Boulevard.—Beginning at the bridge
marking the city limit (15.1), this magnificent section
of the Lincoln Highway extends fully twelve miles to
its terminus at Broad Street. The boulevard as a
park area is under control of the Fairmount Park
Commission. The site of the new Baptist Home
(20.5) has been selected, the Shriner’s Hospital for
crippled children (20.3) is under construction, and
the Byberry Farms (16.6), a municipal hospital for
the mentally deficient, is already established in part
on this great avenue. A pioneer industrial plant on
the boulevard is the gigantic building of Sears, Roe-
buck & Co., the Philadelphia home of the world’s
largest store.
Detour to Bryn Athyn.—Leaving the Lincoln High-
way, 0.0, at the Red Lion Road (17.7 or 14.6), turn
west. Over R. R. 0.6. Cross-roads 1.2, straight
through. At 2.3 cross county line into Montgomery
county. Steep grade at 2.7; caution, R. R. beyond
at 2.8. Dead end 3.3, Bethayres; right on Fox Chase
and Huntington Turnpike. At 4.0 turn left to small
gate entrance to Bryn Athyn Church of the New
Jerusalem (open M., T., Th., F., 3 to5 p.m.; Satur-
days, 10 to 12, and 3 to5). Theland has been owned
for forty years, but the present edifice was begun in
1913. Already an architectural marvel, it is esti-
mated thirty years will be required for its comple-
tion. Artists and artisans live and work on the
grounds. The flood of purple light over the holy of
holies is only one of their triumphs in stained glass.
Reverse to Lincoln Highway.
Detour to Disston’s Saw Works.—Leave the Lin-
coln Highway at Tyson Street (22.2 or 10.0), turning
east. The plant at Tacony covers 50 acres of ground,
has 58 buildings, and employs 3,500 skilled workmen.
Here may be seen every step in the manufacture of
saws, including even the making of the steel. The
Disston plant has given Philadelphia a reputation
the world over for superiority in the manufacture of
saws, in which it leads the whole United States.
Detour to Trinity Church, Oxford.—Leaving Roose-
velt Boulevard at Rising Sun Avenue (26.0 or 6.2),
turn northward. At 2.8 Church Lane, turn right.
At 2.9 Trinity Church, Oxford, built 1711. See p.
64. Reverse to Roosevelt Boulevard.
Detour to Stenton.—See Route VIII.
306
0.
27.
Sic
32.
Ue OTOSOMOUNUOROS
Route X—New York to Philadelphia
0
°
aS
(via Trenton and South Langhorne)
New York, 42nd St. and Broadway.
West on 42nd St. to ferry. Weehawken,
N. J., 0.0; Newark, 12.4; Elizabeth, 17.6;
Rahway, 23.6; New Brunswick, 35.8;
Kingston, 49.3; Princeton, 52.5; Lawrenceville,
57.7; Trenton, 63.6.
Trenton, N. J., Warren Ave., at the Monu-
ment. South on Warren Ave.
Bridge St., turn right.
Morrisville, Pa. 2.9 Fork; keep right.
Diagonal 3-corners; bear right.
Left under R. R. immediately right.
Fork; keep left.
South Langhorne. 10.9 Parkland.
Cross bridge over Neshaminy Creek.
Fork; keep right.
City Limit; cross bridge into Philadelphia.
Philadelphia City Hospital for Mental
Diseases. 15.8 Byberry Farms.
Fork; , keep left.
Red Lion Road (Right for Detour to Bryn
Athyn).
New Shriners’ Hospital for Crippled Chil-
dren; Lulu Temple, Philadelphia.
Tyson St. (Left for Detour to Disston Saw
Works).
Castor Circle; straight through.
Rising Sun Avenue (Right for Detour to
Trinity Church, Oxford).
Wingohocking St.; turn right.
Broad St.; turn left. (Straight through on
Wingohocking St. for Detour to Stenton).
City Hall, PHILADELPHIA.
Route X—Philadelphia and the North, via South Langhorne
Route Xr—Philadelphia to New York
>
Na
_
a
an
nN
oO
N NS COOK DN DW CO CO
38.1
(via South Langhorne and Trenton)
PHILADELPHIA, City Hall, north side.
north on Broad St.
Roosevelt Boulevard; turn right.
Rising Sun Avenue (Left for Detour to
Trinity Church, Oxford).
Castor Circle; straight through.
Tyson St. (Right for Detour to Disston Saw
Works).
Circle; straight through.
New Shriners’ Hospital for Crippled Chil-
dren; Lulu Temple, Philadelphia.
Cross bridge over Pennypack Creek.
4-corners; straight through.
Red Lion Road (Left for Detour to Bryn
Athyn).
Byberry Farms, left.
Philadelphia City Hospital for Mental Dis-
eases, Byberry; left.
City Limit; cross bridge into Bucks County.
Avoid left-hand road.
Parkland at R.R. 21.5 South Langhorne.
Left under R. R. and immediately right.
Diagonal 3-corners; bear right.
Morrisville.
Cross bridge over Delaware River.
Trenton, N. J., Warren Ave., turn left.
5-corners; bear right around monument
onto Brunswick Ave.
Go
Lawrenceville; Princeton, 43.3; Kingston,
46.5; New Brunswick, 60.0; Rahway,
72.2; Elizabeth, 78.2; Newark, 83.4;
Weehawken at 42nd St. Ferry, 95.8.
New York City, 42nd St. and Broadway.
ANDALUSIA ON THE DELAWARE—HOME OF THE BIDDLE FAMILY
307
Route XI—Philadelphia and the North, via Bristol
The so-called Bristol Pike, to and from the north through Frankford, and continuous with Frankford
Avenue to its terminus in the Penn Boulevard at Delaware Avenue and Laurel Street, is the oldest highway
to New York. Marked out in 1675 as the King’s Highway, it was improved by order of the Provincial Council
in 1682.
and other delegates passed in 1775 to the Continental Congress.
Many places of historic importance and detours of exceptional interest
it to victory at Yorktown in 1781.
Over this road William Penn traveled in going to his manor of Pennsbury. Over it John Adams
Washington and his army marched over
are found on this old highway. Its ultimate continuation in the proposed Kendrick Boulevard, planned as
an elevated speedway southward from Market Street on Delaware Avenue, will make this route the most
popular highway in Philadelphia and a direct road to the Sesqui-Centennial site.
Bristol, Pa.—The third oldest town in Pennsyl-
vania, Bristol was plotted in 16096. The present
Meeting House dates to 1756. The quaint Town
Hall on Radcliffe Street was built in 1831 in six
weeks, at a cost of $3,781, to secure a legacy of $200
bequeathed for a town clock.
State in Schuylkill Fishing Club.—The castle of
this famous club, the oldest social organization in the
world, faces the Delaware, adjoining the old Clock
House, near Eddington. It stood originally on the
Schuylkill near Girard Avenue, but was removed to
Gray’s Ferry in 1822. In 1888 it was taken to its
present site. Organized in 1732 as the Colony of
Schuylkill Fishing Club, it has had a distinguished
membership from the days of James Logan to its
present thirty select men. The Clock House dates
in part to 1732, and is used by the Philadelphia Gun
Club. See illustration on page 311.
Andalusia.—Named in honor of his Spanish part-
ner, this beautiful mansion facing the Delaware was
built in 1794 by a Philadelphia merchant, John Craig.
The estate has been for years in possession of the
Biddle family, John Craig’s only daughter having
married in 1811 Nicholas Biddle, son of the distin-
guished Revolutionary patriot. The Grecian archi-
tecture of Girard College was inspired by Nicholas
Biddle, as was also the Grecian front of Andalusia.
Detour to Lower Dublin Academy.—Leave Bristol
pike at Academy road (9.1 or 12.3), turning west.
Fork 0.1, turn left on Willits Road. Entrance to
Lower Dublin Public School, 0.2. The present build-
ing was erected in 1808. The Lower Dublin Acad-
emy grew out of the old log schoolhouse founded in
1723 by Thomas Holme, William Penn’s Surveyor
General, who left £4 to be used for school purposes!
Stephen Decatur attended school in the original log
RED LION INN, 1730—-ON THE BRISTOL PIKE
house. Continue to 0.6, gateway entrance to estate
of Murrell Dobbins. Ina grove behind this estate,
is the grave and monument of Thomas Holme.
Edwin Forrest Home, Holmesburg.—See Route
24—Theatres and Actors of Olden Days.
Detour to Frankford Arsenal.—Leave Frankford
Avenue at Bridge Street, going east to main entrance,
1.3.) ) see Routes 27:
Detour to Stephen Decatur’s Old Home.—Leave
Frankford Avenue at Church St., 0.0, turning west.
Adams Ave. 0.2, turn right. Powder Mill Lane (Wingo-
hocking St.) 0.3, turn left. At 1.1, Stephen Deca-
tur’s Old Home, corner of N and Wingohocking Sts.
Just beyond is the new Juniata Public Golf Links.
Detour to Old Frankford.—Leave Frankford Ave-
nue at Church St., 0.0, turning east. UnderR.R. 0.4.
Tacony St. 0.5, turn left. At 0.6 Port Royal, now a
tenement; built by Benjamin Stiles before the Revo-
lution and named after his birthplace in Bermuda.
Reverse on Tacony St. to 0.8, Waln Grove, first built
about 1747; the plantation home of Robert Waln, a
Philadelphia merchant. Reverse to Church St.,
turn left. At 1.1 turn diagonally right on Waln St.
At 1.2 quaint stone Spring House School, built in
1768; now a dwelling. On right, at Unity and Waln
Sts., walled Quaker Meeting House, built 1775, but
successor of the log Meeting House built in 1684.
Turn left on Unity St., reaching Frankford Avenue
at 1.4. See illustrations on page 295.
Detour to Chalkley Hall.—Leaving Frankford Ave.
at Butler St., turn east by side of R. R. bridge.
Sepviva St. 1.5, turn left. At 1.7 cross Wheat Sheaf
Lane into Plant No. 2, American Engineering Co.
At 1.8 Chalkley Hall, now used for storage. The
rear wing was built about 1723; the main house in
1776. Thomas Chalkley, the first owner, was a rov-
ing preacher among the early Friends. His daughter
married Abel James, whose tea-ship Polly evoked an
indignation meeting in the State House, October 16,
1773, and caused staid Philadelphia to anticipate the
Boston outbreak and tea-party.
Detour to Cramp’s Shipyard.—Leave Frankford
Ave. at East Norris St., turning east to 0.8, main
entrance, E. Norris and Richmond Sts. See Route 14.
Detour to Penn Treaty Park.—At Laurel Street
Frankford Avenue joins Delaware Avenue. Com-
ing to the city, reverse sharp left onto Delaware
Avenue, at Laurel St., 0.0. At 0.2 keep right on
Beach St. with R. R. At 0.3 Penn Treaty Park,
Columbia Ave. and Beach St. See Routes 2 and 6.
Delaware River Bridge.—The largest suspension
bridge in the world; total length from Penn Street,
Camden, to Franklin Square, Philadelphia, 1.81 m.
308
Route XI—Philadelphia
Route XI—New York to Philadelphia
Willits
(via Trenton and Bristol)
New York City, 42nd St. and Broadway.
Trenton, N. J., Warren and State Sts.
Bristol, Pa.
Bristol, Pa., Mill St.
Croydon; road being straightened.
Bridge over Neshaminy Creek.
Eddington (Left for Detour to Gun Club and
State in Schuylkill). 5.4 Cornwall.
Station Road, Andalusia.
Red Lion Inn, 1730.
Bridge over Poquessing Creek.
Academy Road (Right for Detour to Lower
Dublin Academy).
General Wayne Hotel, right.
Washington House, Holmesburg.
Thomas Holmes Free Library, Holmesburg.
Upper entrance to Edwin Forrest Home.
Bridge St., Frankford, beginning of Frankford
“L.”? (Left for Detour to Frankford Arsenal).
Pratt St. (Right for Roosevelt Boulevard).
No. 4335 Frankford Ave., Worrell House.
Church St., Frankford, Tablet. (Right for De-
tour to Stephen Decatur’s Home). (Left for
Detour to Old Frankford).
Butler St. (Left for Detour to Chalkey Hall).
Cross E. Norris St. (Left for Detour to
Cramp’s Shipyard).
Diagonally right at Laurel St., onto Delaware
Ave. (Left and north on Delaware Ave. for
Detour to Penn Treaty Park).
Under Delaware River Bridge at Vine St.
Market St.; turn right.
Cross Letitia St., on left.
Penn’s Home, 1682.
Cross S. Orianna St., left; arched courtway at
Nos. 316-18 Market St., where Franklin
lived, 1765-1790.
Nos. 528-30 Market St., site of Washington’s
Presidential Mansion, 1790-97.
City Hall, PHILADELPHIA.
Location of William
MONUMENT TO THOMAS HOLME
In a grove behind the estate of Murrell Dobbins,
Road, Holmesburg, is buried the man who planned
Penn’s City and State.
and the North, via Bristol
Route XIR—Philadelphia to New York
0.0
0.7
1.0
igil
(via Bristol and Trenton)
PHILADELPHIA, City Hall, east side.
east on Market St.
Site of Washington’s Presidential Mansion,
Nos. 528-30 Market St., 1790-97.
Cross S. Orianna St., right; arched courtway
at 320 Market St., where Franklin lived,
1765-1790.
Cross Letitia St., right.
Penn’s Home, 1682.
Delaware Ave., turn right, reversing immedi-
ately for north on Delaware Ave.
Under Delaware River Bridge at Vine St.
Laurel St., diagonally left onto Frankford Ave.
(Continue on Delaware Ave. for Detour to
Penn Treaty Park).
Cross E. Norris St. (Right for Detour to
Cramp’s Shipyard).
Butler St. (Right for Detour to Chalkley Hall).
Church St., Frankford. Tablet (Left for De-
tour to Stephen Decatur’s Home) (Right
for Detour to Old Frankford).
No. 4335 Frankford Ave., Worrell House.
Pratt St. (Left for Roosevelt Boulevard).
Bridge St., end of ‘“‘L’’ (Right for Detour to
Frankford Arsenal).
Entrance to Edwin Forrest Home.
Washington House, Holmesburg.
General Wayne Hotel, left.
Academy Road (Left for Detour to Lower
Dublin Academy).
Bridge over Poquessing Creek.
Red Lion Inn, 1730.
Station Road, Andalusia.
Eddington (Right for Detour to Gun Club and
State in Schuylkill).
Bridge over Neshaminy Creek.
Croydon.
Bristol, Pa., Mill St.
Trenton, N. J., Warren and State Sts.
New York, 42nd and Broadway.
Go
Location of William
LOG SCHOOLHOUSE, HOLMESBURG
Founded in 1723 by a legacy of Penn’s Surveyor Gen-
eral, it grew to be the Lower Dublin Academy.
It is
now the janitor’s home.
309
Route XII—Philadelphia and the North, via Camden
The highway to and from New York and northern New Jersey via Trenton and Camden will prove still
more attractive on the opening of the Delaware River Bridge.
Along this highway are historic Bordentown
and Burlington, the latter antedating Philadelphia in its founding. In passing through Camden, a city now
of great industrial importance, opportunity offers to visit the home and the grave of Walt Whitman, apostle
and pioneer of democracy in poetry.
Route XII—New York to Philadelphia
(via Trenton, Burlington, and Camden)
0.0 New York City, 42nd St. and Broadway.
63.6 Trenton, N. J., Warren and State Sts.
0.0 Trenton, N. J., Broad and State Sts.
7.1 Bordentown, Park St. and Farnsworth Ave.
16.7 Burlington, Broad and High Sts.
33.3. Fork; turn left and right onto Market St.,
Camden. °
33.7. 7thand Market Sts. (Left for Detour to Walt
Whitman’s Tomb).
33.8 Broadway and Market Sts., Camden County
Court House.
3rd and Market Sts. (Left for Detour to Walt
Whitman’s Home).
Ferry across Delaware River.
Market St., Philadelphia.
City Hall, PHILADELPHIA.
=)
34.1
34.5 Continue on
35.8
Camden, N. J.—A flourishing industrial city, Cam-
den is the home of the Victor Talking Machine Com-
pany, Campbell Soup Company, New York Ship
Building Company, and over 400 other manufactories,
including the largest steel pen plant in the world.
Population, 116,000. Excepting the “bridge trains”
from Broad Street Station, Philadelphia, Camden is
the starting point of all seashore trains.
Detour to Walt Whitman’s Home.—Leave Market
St., Camden, turning south on Third St., 0.0. Mickle
St. 0.2, turn left. At 0.3 No. 330 Mickle St., Tablet:
“Here lived the ‘Good Gray Poet’ Walt Whitman
from 1884 to the date of his death March 26, 1892.
This house is now owned and dedicated by the city
Route XIIr—Philadelphia to New York
(via Camden, Burlington, and Trenton)
0.0 PHILADELPHIA, City Hall, east side.
0.7 (Midway between Sixth and Fifth Sts., if pres-
ent plans carry, a new Bridge Boulevard will
lead to the approach to the Delaware River
Bridge at Sixth and Race Streets. Turning
left here will make this the Delaware Bridge
Route).
1.3 Market St. Ferry across Delaware River.
Continue from Ferry on Market St., Camden,
NA:
1.7 3rd and Market Sts. (Right for Detour to
Walt Whitman’s Home).
2.0 Broadway and Market Sts., Camden County
Court House.
2.1 7th and Market Sts. (Right for Detour to
Walt Whitman’s Tomb).
2.9 (15th St., Penn Street boulevard approach to
Delaware River Bridge planned to begin
here).
3.8 5 corners; turn left onto Westfield Ave.
19.2 Burlington, Broad and High Sts.
28.8 Bordentown.
35.9 Trenton, N. J., Broad and State Sts.
99.5 New York City, 42nd St. and Broadway.
- se
of Camden to the memory of its famous citizen.”’
Detour to Walt Whitman’s Tomb.—Leave Market
St., Camden, at 7th St., turning south, 0.0. At 0.1,
diagonally left onto Haddon Ave. Entrance to Har-
leigh Cemetery 1.9. Turn immediately left and im-
mediately right, Walt Whitman’s Tomb 2.0.
WALT WHITMAN'S HOME, CAMDEN, N. J.
WALT WHITMAN’S TOMB, HARLEIGH CEMETERY
310
BULLETIN FOR AUTO-TOURISTS
PACE will not permit giving here a complete digest of the Pennsylvania Motor Law, but
this may readily be obtained from automobile clubs, tourist guide books, and many other
sources. Important points to observe are: Speed limit, 30 miles per hour, except at ‘“‘Danger
Run Slow” signs: glaring headlights are forbidden; when two vehicles approach an inter-
section together, that coming from the right has the right of way. Light signals (Red for
“Stop,” Green for “‘Go,”’ White for “Left Turn’’) will be found at many intersections, both
in and out of the city, usually suspended high above the centre of the intersection, but often,
especially in the city, high and at one side. Within the city motorists should be on the alert
for such signals, also for ‘‘One Way Street” signs (very frequent), and for ‘‘No Left Turn’”’
signs.
Nothing is being left undone to insure the comfort of the many thousands of motorists
who will journey from all parts of the United States and Canada to the Sesqui-Centennial
International Exposition. Great tourist camps are being provided, additional garages,
permanent as well as temporary, are being erected, and virtually the entire eastern half of
the country is being remapped for the benefit of the auto-tourist.
One large tourist camp alone is to occupy sixty acres. It is to be located within the
city limits and close enough to the exposition site to be convenient. Supply stores and booths
are to be erected on the tract, and there will be an assembly centre, recreation spaces, an
athletic field, shower baths, and ample modern sanitary conveniences. A sub-committee
of the Sesqui-Centennial Automobile Traffic Committee is now selecting sites for smaller
camps to be located in other parts of the city. Special arrangements are being made to insure
the safety of all machines left at these camps while their owners are visiting the exposition
or on shopping tours.
The 2000 public garages in Philadelphia will of course be inadequate, but many others
are being erected by private capital. Those proving worthy will receive official recognition
from the exposition authorities, the chief purpose being to recommend the best to visitors,
assuring them that they will receive proper treatment.
Near the exposition grounds great parking spaces are to be provided, with a capacity
of more than 50,000 automobiles. . cose ene sees cen 21
Swanson Tombstone—Old Swedes’ Church............... 23
Early, “Americanization”, Paperse.ae. cies a ele eeiiet) acters 23
Swedish Houses on Queen Street........................ 25
John=Printz; Governor at Dinicume yee ae eee ee 25
QueeniChristina of Sweden yo. 252-1.. eae cs arene eee 25
Big-Eyed-Angels—Old Swedes’ Church.................. 26
Site of the Swedish Governor’s Mansion, 1643............ 27
Swedish Log Cabin, Darby Creek, 1698................... 28
Rear View of John Morton’s Birthplace. . Seen 20
Cobb’s Creek Dam—Site of Swedish Watermill, 1644-6 29
Swedish Type of Log Farmhouse................-....--- 30
St. James Church, Kingsessing, West Philadelphia......... 31
Dr. ‘Charles, JscStill6s sateen a aves seraere telecine eke ater ee 32
The Founder of Pennsylvania—Penn in Armor’’.......... 33
Successor of the Blue*Anchor lin]... 4.052. s eee eee 35
Penn Treaty Monument, Shackamaxon................... 35
The Calder Statue:of Penn 69-3) ee ee ee 36
Penn's’ First Home: injAmerica. 2-1 teen eee eee 37
Penn's: Razors iid cacta eines soe ie seo rae eee eer 38
William Penn; Quakers: oo. ee eee a eee 39
Wynnstay—Built:in 16900) Oe 2s. as eter isie anothers 39
The Famous Wampum Belt... cee eee oe erect 39
Penn’ s Secretary sicicie csc tetspis.s oka ercienerste tc siete ebsites woken 40
Site of the Home of the Founder of Germantown.......... 41
Doorway of No. 25 High Streetan..77 eee eee 41
A Pastorius Home, 1796 41
Thones Kunder’s House.. 43
Keyser House, 1 738i sas aso: suron so ele ole seneinte Gieeterara tore 44
Pastorius Monument, Vernon Park...................... 45
Lower Burying Ground, Germantown.................... 45
Wyck—Oldest House in Germantown, 1690............... 47
Site of Rittenhouse Mill, Germantown, 1690.............. 49
Merion Meeting House, 1695.......................-0-- 50
Interior of Old Swedes’ Church, 1700.................... 50
Christ: Church sa: 3hn <0 ot es ee eee ne eee 51
Friends’ Arch Street Meeting House..................... 53
St. Michael-Zion German Lutheran Church............... 54
Interior of Christ;Churchs-s)..7, eee eee ee 55
First: PresbyterianjChurchs. .. sce eee 57
First: Baptist ‘Chureh eS mraccaios no tiara oe te Ye
St. Michael’s Church, Germantown...................... 57
Church of the Brethren, Germantown.................... 57
St. Joseph’s Roman Catholic Church..................... 57
Mikve Israel Synagoeues coe ee eee 57
St. Mary’s Roman:Catholic Church.................-...- 58
St. Augustine’s Roman Catholic Church.................. 58
St. George’s Methodist Church, -..--:...0.. sat ssn oe ee 59
St. Peter’s Protestant Episcopal Church.................. 60
St: Paul’s Church [te eon cticees ene ea eae ee 60
Mennonite Meeting House, Germantown................. 61
‘Trinity Church, Oxford oe ee eee 63
Market Square Church, Germantowa.................... 64
Stenton—Built by James Logan in 1728.................. 65
Wister House, Germantown 744— 4) np ee one eee oe 67
Woodford—Oldest Mansion in Fairmount Park............ 68
Interior of Belmont) Mansion, 745.400-.00. 2) ee oe eee 69
Whitby Hall, Haverford sees. sae eee 70
John Bartram’s House, Kingsessing, 1731................ 71
American Indian Chief—Portrait by Peale................ 73
Penn ‘Treaty Parkes: 2 ee eet ee eee 75
Monolith to the Lenni Lenape Indians................... 75
West’s ‘‘Penn’s Treaty with the Indians”................ 76
Burial Ground of the Indian Chief Tamenend............. 79
“Franklin in 1723’’—By R. Tait McKenzie............... 81
Franklin’s Library —Founded.1731 3.25..52.5.0 400500 as0 83
Franklin’s Electrical Machine. ei ia eee 84
American Philosophical Society—Founded 1743........... 85
Signers’ Chair and Table, Independence Hall............. 87
Franklin: at Sixty-one= < 22S. ,50 on eee ee ee eee 87
At; Workion the Declaration: (7.2.0.0 eae ee eee 87
Boyle’s Statue-of Franklin]: uc 2202 oe eee ane 88
Franklin Institute—Built in 18255.) 5... 2 eee 89
Franklin Court—Drawing by Frank H. Taylor............. 90
Franklin’s \Grave:...i0¢ chs sclom eae cei een nee ae ean 91
Franklin’s Composing/Stick--5. orto eee ere 92
Page
“Lansdowne’’ Washington—By Gilbert Stuart............ 93
Scene of Washington’s ‘Farewell Address’’............... 95
Washington’s Desk (./5..¢..des ore ate ee ee 96
Independence Chamber—Independence Hall.............. 97
Washington’s Pew in Christ Church>)..-.... 2+ eee 98
Interior’of ‘Carpenters’ Hall. 3.2.5 .2.2 +05 cane ee 99
Old Zion Lutheran Church, December 26, 1799........... 100
Where Stuart Painted the Athenaeum Portrait............ 100
Washington’s ‘‘Presidential Mansion’”’................... 101
Betsy Ross House, No. 239 Arch Street.................. 102
Morris House, Germantown. . icc. .5 1 as ee 103
Chew Mansion, Germantown—Washington’s Battleground. 105
Blue Bell Inny'1766. foo ccc cee noe 01s ba dele eee 105
Washington Memorial Chapel, Valley Forge.............. 106
The National Memorial, Valley Forge.................... 107
Valley Forge Entrenchments in Winter Time.............. 108
Washington’s Headquarters at Valley Forge.............. 111
Lafayette’s Headquarters, Valley Forge................... 112
Washisicton Inn, Valley Forge..:...-.. 2 een 113
King of Prussia Inn, 1769.) 05,5...) 0 -tne eee 113
Soldiers’ Hut, Valley Forge..........0...08 eee eee 114
Doorway of the Chew House, Germantown............... 115
The Woodlands, West Philadelphia, 1770................. 117
Laurel Hill, Hunting Park Avenues...) o.2-)ee eee 118
Mt. Pleasant, East Fairmount Park, 1761................ 119
The Johnson Bullet-Riddled Fence, Germantown.......... 120
Carlton—The Plantation of Roxborough.................. 121
Carpenters’ Hall, 1770—Founded 1724................... 123
Charles Thomson—By Charles Willson Peale............. 124
‘The Lane: to, Harriton. :% 95..520 seen ducts: eer 124
Harriton, Bryn: Mawr, 1704... | 3. waeipleo
Grave of Charles Thomson, Laurel Hill.................. 126
Congress Hall—Rear Doors... 2-2 nee 127
Congress Hall—Main Entrance................+ss0s+-08 127
Mill Ruin'on Old Gulph Roads... eee 128
Robert Morris—By Charles Willson Peale................ 129
Caricature of Robert Morris...) oo ae eee 131
The ‘‘Angel House’”’ at Harmonville..................... 132
Bank of North America—Chartered 1781................. 133
First United States Bank; 1795...) ee eee eee 134
The Rittenhouse Clock at Drexel Institute................ 137
David Rittenhouse (1732-1796)|...).. 00) erento 138
First, United States' Mint, 1792.75... = eee 140
Rittenhouse’s ‘“‘Orrery’’—University of Pennsylvania...... 141
Birthplace of David Rittenhouse......................... 142
Rittenhouse’s Grave—Laurel Hill............ wet Sees 143
Country Home of Provost Smith?,)..).. 2 eee 144
Norriton Presbyterian’ Church.2... ..).. se eee ee 144
Schuylkill River at Market Street........................ 145
Fitch’s First Passenger Steamboat....................... 145
A Relic of the First Steamboat. 25)... 30 eee ee 145
Robert Fulton’s Philadelphia Home...................... 146
From Fitch’s MS. Books in the Ridgway Library.......... 147
Robert Fulton’s Portrait in Independence Hall
Cramp’s Shipyard on the Delaware......................
Presbyterian Church of Neshaminy......................
Benjamin West (1738-1820)—By Matthew Pratt.......... 151
Mrs. Benjamin West—By Matthew Pratt
West’s ‘“‘Christ Healing the Sick”................
West’s ‘Death on the Pale Horse”... ....5....555..0. 000
Birthplace of Benjamin West. ~.).-100 eee eee
Dormitory Terrace—University of Pennsylvania, 1925...... 157
The Original College Building, 1740..................... 157
“Presidential Mansion” on Ninth Street, 1802-1829....... 159
The Forerunner of Penn Charter, 1745-1867.............. 161
The New William Penn Charter School at Germantown.... 161
Episcopal Academy, 178520... «101s oss seer re 162
The New Episcopal Academy at Overbrook............... 162
First Philadelphia Central High School................... 162
New Central High School Building, 1900................. 162
Germantown Academy: . 2.20.55)... 0. eee 163
University of Pennsylvania from the Air.................. 164
The First Medical School in America, 1925............... 167
First Medical School in America, 1765................... 167
College of Physicians—Founded 1787.................... 169
Interior of Library—Pennsylvania Hospital............... 170
The Pennsylvania Hospital—Founded 1754............... 171
Home of’ Dr. Caspar Wistar.) 222 sac ee eee eee 171
Home of Dr. Philip Syng Physick.....................5.. 171
Dr. Benjamin Rush—Physician and Patriot............... 172
Jefferson Medical College—Founded 1824................ 173
Dr. D. Hayes Agnew at a Clinic—By Thomas Eakins...... 175
State House Row, Philadelphia.......................-- 176
The Declaration of Independence........................ 177
Where the Declaration was Written..................... 179
Thomas Jefferson—Contemporary Portrait............... 179
James Wilson—First University Professor of Law......... 180
The First Law School in the United States..........:..... 181
314
List of [llustrations
Page
Oldest Law Library in the United States................. 181
PING SI EAWaL DIAL Ve scl fe ck felons. fasta eh syohapesee Weis ippeile.i® 182
Penn’s Great “‘Charter of Privileges,’’ 1701............... 182
SOMTIC Om hao anette tern crise he canes cat's oh dereusieliess eevee as 183
The Morris House, 1786—By Frank H. Taylor............ 185
Lewis-Fisher-Wharton House, 1795. ...........-..+0+0+ 186
Sweet Briar, Vansdowne Drive, 1797......6...0.0ccee---s 187
Doorway of the Stamper House, 1768...............+++-5 188
PENG VANS HOUSE, LV ODt cis circ so eirisce a pms seen options esos ouahs 188
Upsdlas Germantown; L798 20 inc. ogc cee sn eieitiesee seo 189
Loudoun, Germantown, L800. occ eee ee ee ee as 191
Vernon Mansion, Vernon Park, Germantown, 1803........ 193
Morris House Doorway, 1772, Germantown.............- 193
Stuart Corner in the Academy of Fine Arts............... 194
Founder of the Oldest Art Academy in America........... 195
Fannie Kemble—By Thomas Sully....................-. 197
PRemi DEAT i CALC aakttin.s aiciann otssieapletln ciate. o o1e wycteleiaudian so @in Ines 197
Sully in His Old Age—By Henry Inman.................. 199
Gilbert Stuart at Seventy—By John Neagle............... 199
First Native Born American Sculptor....................- 201
Masterpiece of William Rush.................--0e ee eeee Zo
Interior of the Academy of Fine Arts..................++. 202
Doorway of Avondale—Home of Thomas Leiper.......... 203
Bittig’s Bas-Relief in Broad Street Station................ 204
Interior of the Baldwin Locomotive Works................ 205
Pe ea GiINes Lennala cree nce 5 sishelens iiape v8.35 annie ws 28 206
The Bull’s Head Tavern—By Frank H. Taylor............ 207
Courtyard of the Bull’s Head Tavern..................... 207
heunchued, Plane-at Belmont... 02.5 ...065 6 5 ennce wo sesie aes 208
Thirteenth and Market Streets in 1876...................- 208
PANU Ale UMNO maracas oral 2 ak eet susig vista ale suorsleue SHeraiorace) este 209
Lapidea—Scene of First Railroad in Pennsylvania......... 211
PaWweosenalroad Monument... . c.c:c cists cscs a eels wees 212
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Station.................-..-. 212
Statue and Sarcophagus of Stephen Girard............... 213
New Girard Group of Municipal Piers................... 215
Girard College—Founded 1831..................-0.005- 216
Facade of Girard Statue, City Hall Plaza................ 217
Re wrisand FM ATIMNOUSE «c)c's. cscs eclele e+ os idsisavels soreletewelsienie 218
BUSTY OM GaITAL LSC HOO ciritey close ate. scaratioue le paico.6 «1c wiacsisele; ecslleuo XA wneyats 218
Pinon Heat. COGALCTOLL. jar since ccc srateate so costeln in ete eld oetiare 219
Castle Rocks, West Chester Pike............. 0.0.0.0 eue 221
Old Public School, Unionville... .. 2.0.0... cece tee 223
Mamestreet, Unionville 8 cto nae scene eee es ence wines 223
Bayard Laylor’s Knapsack 2.5 0. cee stein dee cere ee es 224
Oldetnnn Unionville ol 734 oo 1x eel ceiecs tava sae os esis oho este loiels 224
Bayard Taylor’s Study at Cedarcroft..................... 225
Pormreriy the Red Vion Inn 3 sf s pers 1743 ooo ss tetelei seen ceieiieras 290
Mill Grove—Early Home of Audubon.................... 290
Washington Inn (1747) and Chester Court House (1724)... 292
The Spot in Chester where Penn First Landed............ 292
Robinson House, Naamans-on-Delaware (1654) .......... 294
Old Swedes’ Church, Wilmington, 1698.................. 294
Caleb Pusey House, Upland, 1683....................... 294
A Bit lof; Old’ Frankford eens hoc oe teiere thera oe arene aie 295
Chalkley Hall—near Wheat Sheaf Lane.................. 295
Stephen Decatur’s Home, Frankford..................... 295
Lafayette’s Headquarters at Chadd’s Ford............... 296
Brandywine Monument to Lafayette..................... 296
Onithe Brandywine jr. eee cst at dah oe even nee 297
The Highlands—Built near Skippack Road in 1796........ 299
Garden Gate of the Devereux House.................... 299
Devereux House, near Camp Hill........................ 299
Hope Lodge, Bethlehem Pike, 1721...................... 301
Graeme Park—Mansion of Sir William Keith............. 302
Historical Museum, Doylestown ........................ 303
The Ivy, 4682—Old! York Road iy cca: siesiels acre ereros ceeicleieusts 303
Stenton—An Early Colonial Country Seat.................. 304
Willow Grove fromthe Air... nose umicceec eclosion e 304
Buckingham Meeting House—Old York Road............ 305
Church of the New Jerusalem, Bryn Athyn............... 306
Andalusia—Home of the Biddle Family.................. 307
Red Lion Inn, 1730—On the Bristol Pike .................. £08
Monument to Thomas Holme®z..220 1s ee eae elie eles 309
Log School House, Holmesbtrgecene + oe an seen aerators 309
Walt Whitman’s Home, Camden, N, J,..................... 310
Walt Whitman’s Tomb, Harleigh Cemetery ............... 310
“Castle” of the State in Schuylkill, Eddington............ 311
Ground Plan of the Sesqui-Centennial International Expo-
SHLOT een e sacs oS ae ceo eORR a Pollolelc teva: wnsl ah oseffelle lyehemarancucionats 312
Map of Highway Routes—To and From Philadelphia....... 319
Map of Philadelphia—Central Section............. 320
RIDGWAY BRANCH OF THE PHILADELPHIA LIBRARY COMPANY
BROAD AND CHRISTIAN STREETS
315
Abington Presbyterian Church, 303, 304
pond ccd and College of Philadelphia, 158,
172
Academy of Fine Arts, account of, 196,
277; ‘‘Lansdowne’’ Washington, 98,
100; paintings by West, 152; portrait
of West, 151; portraits of actors, 232
Academy of Music, 232, 273
Academy of Natural Sciences, 271
Adams, John, 87, 116, 118, 119, 128
Agnew, Dr. D. Hayes, 174
Alcott, Bronson, 160; Louisa M., 160, 240
“American Homes, Some Early,’’ Route
19, 183
American Philosophical Society, 86, 138,
182, 274
American play, first, 232, 240, 264
Andalusia, 308
André, Major, 232, 284
Angel House, 130, 136, 290
Aquarium, 270
Arch Street Meeting House, 52, 56, 276
Arnold, Benedict, 118, 270
Arsenal, Frankford, 261, 308
Art Museum, Philadelphia, 202, 270, 291
Atheneum portrait of Washington, painted
in Germantown, 100, 279
Audubon, John James, 290
Augustus Lutheran Church, Trappe, 290
“Autobiography,” Franklin’s, 92, 236
Automobile Club of Philadelphia, 311
Auto Tourists) Bulletin of Information for,
al
Avondale, 210, 212, 228, 296
Babylonian Collection, 166, 282
Baldwin Locomotive Works, 204, 206, 212,
278, 293
Baltimore Pike, 296
Baptist Church, First, 52
Baptist Temple, 278
Barry, Commodore, 58
Bartram’s Home and Garden, 30, 72, 104,
281, 292
Belmont Mansion, 40, 70, 102, 122, 190, 270
Bethlehem Pike, 00
Betsy Ross, grave of, 104, 281
Betsy Ross House, 92, 98, 132, 276
‘Betsy Ross,’”’ modern, 257, 258
Billmeyer House, 48, 100, 102, 280, 300
Bittig’s bas-relief, Broad St. Station, 204
Blockhouse, Swedish, 292
Blue Anchor Inn, 36, 78, 265
Blue Bell Tavern, 104, 281
Bourse, Philadelphia, 276
Brandywine Battlefield, 296
Brandywine, battle of, 104, 122, 224
Breck, Samuel, 136, 190, 208, 210
Brick house, first, 40
Bristol, 308; Bristol Pike, 308
Broad Street Station, 204, 271, 277, 282
Brown, Charles Brockden, 236
Be Church of the New Jerusalem,
Bryn Mawr College, 114, 286
Bucks County Historical Society, Museum
of, 80, 302
Bulletin of Information for Auto-Tourists,
312
Bullet-riddled fence, 120, 122
Bull’s Head Tavern, 206
Byberry farms, and hospital, 307
Camac Street, 263
Camden, 310
Camp Hill, 300
Camp Schoolhouse, Valley Forge, 114
Cannon Ball Farm, 26
Carlton, 122, 188
Carpenters’ Hall, 88, 96, 126, 275
Castle Rocks, 222, 296, 298
Cathedral of SS. Peter and Paul, 271
Caves in river banks, 42
Cedarcroft, 226, 298
Centenary Firms, complete list of, 255
Centenary Firms and Corporations of the
United States, Association of, 254
Central High School, 140, 158, 160, 240, 278
Chadd’s Ford, 228, 291, 297
Chalfont, 80, 302
Chalkley Hall, 308
Chamber of Commerce, Philadelphia, 15
Chew House, 102, 120, 300
Childs Collection of Manuscripts, 242, 282
Christ Church, 52, 60, 96, 136, 276
Christ Church graveyard, 62
“Christ Healing the Sick,’’ 156, 198
General Index
Christina, Queen, 24, 32, 265
Church of the Brethren, 48, 52, 64, 252, 300
‘‘Churches, The Ancient,’’ Route 4, 52
City Hall, account of, 263, 282; Baldwin
statue, 204; bronze tablet, south side, 22;
Girard statue, 214; Law Library, 178;
Law Courts, 178; Penn statue, by
Calder, 34; tower, 263, 268; Washington
statue, 94
Clinton Street, 188, 264
Clock House, 308
Cobb’s Creek dam, 281, 293
Cobb’s Creek Parkway, 280, 281
College of Physicians, 168
“Colonial Homes, Some Early,’’ Route 5, 65
Commercial Museum, 282
Concord School, Germantown, 280, 300
Congress Hall, account of, 274; balance
wheel from first steamboat, 148; Wash-
ington in, 94, 96; Robert Morris, 130
Continental Congress, 88, 96, 126, 128
Corinthian Yacht Club, 26
Corn Exchange National Bank, 266, 275,
282
Court House, Chester, 292
Cramp’s Shipyard, 148, 150, 308
Crum Creek Canal, 212
Cullin, Dr. Nicholas, tablet to, 24
Cunard, Sir Samuel, 44, 279
Custom House, account of, 261,
mileage to, 261
Davis, Richard Harding, 166, 236
Dawesfield, 300
“Death on the Pale Horse,’’ 152, 198
Decatur, Stephen, 60, 276; home, 308
Declaration of Independence, 86, 177, 182,
276
Delaware River Bridge, 267, 308
Detours: to Angel House, Harmonville, 290;
to Audubon’s early home, 290; to Avon-
dale, 296; to Bartram’s Garden, 292; to
birthplace of Anthony Wayne, 288; to
birthplace of John Morton, 292; to
birthplace of Benjamin West, 296; to
Brandywine Battlefield, 296; to Bryn
Athyn, 306; to Bryn Mawr College, 286;
to Bucks County Historical Society
Museum, 302; to Caleb Pusey House,
Upland, 292; to Camp Hill, and
Devereux House, 300; to Cedarcroft,
296; to Chalkley Hall, 308; to Cramp’s
Shipyard, 308; to Dawesfield, 300; to
Stephen Decatur’s home, 308; to
Disston’s Saw Works, 306; to Doyles-
town, 304; to Evansburg Church, 290;
to Fatlands, 290; to Foulke House,
Penllyn, 300; to Frankford Arsenal, 308;
to Old Frankford, 308; to Main Street,
Germantown, 300; to Graeme Park, 302;
to Harriton, 286; to The Highlands, 300;
to “Indian Walk,’’ 304; to Longwood
Gardens, 296; to Lower Dublin Aca-
demy, 308; to Mill Grove, 290; to Old
Swede’s Church, Wilmington, 292; to
Site of Paoli Massacre, 285, 288, 289;
to Penn Treaty Park, 308; to Red Lion
Inn, 298; to Skippack, 300; to State
in Schuylkill, 308; to Stenton, 302, 305,
307; to Trinity Church, Oxford, 306;
to St. David’s Church, Radnor, 284; to
St. Tammany’s burial ground, 302; to
Walt Whitman’s home, Camden, 310;
to Walt Whitman’s tomb, 310; to
pay mesborougi: 288; to Wrightstown,
30:
Devereux House, 300
Dickens and Little Nell, statue, 240
Dickens, Charles, 242, 282
Dock, Christopher, 44, 164, 252
Dock Street Market, 265
Doylestown Pike, 302
Drew family, 229, 230
Drexel, Anthony J., 118
Drexel Building, 274
Drexel Institute, 140, 242, 282
Drinker, Edward, 36, 266, 276:
Dropsie College, 278
Dunkards, 48, 64, 252
Eddystone, 212
Elwyn School for the Feeble-minded, 297
Entrenchments at Valley Forge, 112
Episcopal Academy, 164, 280; original
site of, 166
Essington, 24, 26
‘Evangeline,’ burial place of, 264
316
274;
Evans Dental Institute, 118, 166
Evans House, 188
Fairmount Park, 40, 268
Fatlands, 290
First City Troop, 184, 192
“First in war, first in peace, etc.,’’ 56, 276
First white child born on Philadelphia
soil, 36, 266, 276
“Fitch and Fulton and the First Steam-
boats,’’ Route 14, 145
Fitch manuscripts, 148
Fitch Tablet at Hartsville, 150, 305
Floating Bridge, Market Street, 145, 146
Flower Observatory, 298
Forrest, Edwin, 230, 232, 278; grave of,
60, 230, 276; home of, 234; Home for
Retired Actors, 230, 234, 308; Stuart’s
portrait of, 234
Fort Huntingdon, Valley Forze! 110
Fort Washington, Valley Forge, 108, 112,
114, 289
Foulke House, 300
Frankford Arsenal, 261, 308
Frankford, Old, 308
Franklin, Benjamin, 78, 152, 158, 178, 248,
267; ‘“Autobiography, ea 92, 236, 2753
epitaph, 240; grave, 92, 236; home, 92:
printing press, 250; Boyle’s statue of,
88, 260, 273
Franklin Court, 92, 236, 238, 275
Franklin Field, 82, 282
88; of
Franklin Institute,
“Franklin, In the Footsteps of,” ‘Route 7,
Franklin, 88
82
“Franklin in 1723,’’ McKenzie Statue, 82
Fulton, Robert, 146, 148
Fulton’s House, site of, 148; sketch of, 146
Furness, Dr. Horace Howard, 228, 230, 236
“George Washington in Philadelphia,”
Route 8, 93
“George Washington Sight-Seeing Tour,”
273
German Reformed Church, 46, 64
Germantown Academy, 158, 160, 164, 279
Germantown, Battle of, 48, 66, 100, 102,
122, 160
“Germantown, Founding and Founders of,’”’
Route 3, 41
Germantown Friends’ Meeting House, 44,
52, 64, 279
Germantown Site and Relic Society, 44,
78, 192, 279
Girard College, 40, 214, 218, 268
Girard Estate, 218, 267
Girard National Bank, 132, 214, 266
Girard Park, 218; Girard School, 218
Girard, Stephen, 60, 264, 266, 276; farm-
house of, 214; home of, 214; original
estate of, 214; relics of, 218; sarcophagus
of, 218; statue of, 214, 218
“Girard, Stephen—Patriot and Philan-
thropist,” Route 22, 213 °
“Gloria Dei’? Church, "24, 62
Godfrey, Thomas, 66, 240
Godfrey, Thomas, Jr., 232, 240, 264
“Goldbug,’”’ 240
Graeme Park, 302
“Grand Depot, The,’’ 206
Grant’s Cabin, General, 270;
Gratz, Rebecca, 236
Green Tree Tavern, Germantown, 46, 68,
164, 279, 300
Gulph Mills, boulder, 114, 289
“Hail Columbia,” first sung, 182, 230, 274
Hamilton, Alexander, 136; Andrew, 118;
James, portrait by West, 156, 200;
William, 118, 156, 200, 281
Hancock, General Winfield Scott, 290
Harmonville, 136, 290
Harriton Farms, 128, 286
Hatboro, 150, 305; Library, 305; Loller
Academy, 305; Monument, 305
Haverford College, 285, 286
Highlands, The, 300
Highway Routes, to and from Philadelphia,
283
Historical Society of Pennsylvania, Ac-
count of, 263, 273; paintings by Ameri-
can Artists, 200; Lincoln’s Law Library,
182; Patent of John Key, 36; Penn
family portraits, 34; portrait of ‘‘Penn
in Armor,’ 34; Penn relics, 34; Penn’s
wampum belt, 34, 74; Slate Roof House,
memorials
statue, 270
lock and key, 36; model of, 34: Swedish
portraits, 22; Washington, bust of, 94;
Washington, Martha, portrait of, 94,
200; Washington, portraits and relics of,
94; portraits by West, 156, 200, 254;
souvenirs of West, 156
Historie Facts About Philadelphia, 19
Historic Routes, Table of, 9
Hog Island, 26
Holme, Thomas, grave of, 308; home of,
38, 275
“Honeymoon Hotel,’’ 236, 276
Hope Lodge, 300, 301
Hopkinson, Joseph, 182, 238, 274
Horticultural Hall, 269
Hotel, Bellevue-Stratford, 273; Benjamin
Franklin, 88, 236, 274; Continental, 236;
Green’s, 274; Ritz-Carlton, 273; Sten-
ton, 273; Walton, 273
Hurrie, William, the bell ringer, 58
Tlustrations, List of, 314
Inclined Plane at Belmont, 208
Independence Hall, account of, 274; clock,
138; Declaration of Independence
signed, 86; designed by Hamilton, 118;
historic portraits, 200; Independence
chamber, 86; portrait of Benjamin
Rush, 168; portrait of Charles Brockden
Brown, 236; portrait of Charles Thom-
son, 124; portrait of Robert Morris,
130; West portrait, 156
“Indians, Relics and Reminders of the,”
Route 6, 73
Indian Reservation, 38, 74, 276
Indian Rock, 80
“Indian Walk,” 80, 304
Inman, Henry, 198, 242
Insurance Company of North America,
266, 271, 276, 282
Insurance, first book on, 244
International Mercantile Marine Com-
pany, 265
Inventor of the quadrant, 232, 240
Irwin, tablet to Nathaniel, 304
Ivy, The, 304
Japanese Garden, 269
dererson, Joseph, 230; birthplace of, 230,
64
Jefferson Medical College, 174
Jefferson, Thomas, 86, 87, 182, 276
Johnson Houses, 102, 122, 280, 300
Johnson, John G., collection of paintings,
182, 202
Kane, tomb of Elisha Kent, 270
Keith, Sir William, 302
Kelpius, Johannes, 200
Hembe, Fanny, Sully’s portraits of, 198,
Keneseth Israel, 278
Kennett Square Meeting House, 228, 297
Kennett Square, 220, 226, 298
Keyser House, 46, 48
Keystone Automobile Club, 311
King of Prussia Inn, 114, 289
King of Prussia Tavern, Germantown, 122
King’s Highway, 104, 292
Knox’s Headquarters, Valley Forge, 112
Krider Gun-Shop, 36, 148, 266, 276
Kunder, Thones, 42; house, 44, 278
Lafayette Headquarters, Chadd’s Ford, 297
Lafayette Headquarters, Valley Forge, 110
Lafayette Monument, 296
Lafayette, Sully’s portrait of, 200
“Lansdowne” Washington, 196
Lapidea, 210
Laurel Hill Cemetery, 128, 291
Laurel Hill Mansion, 120
“Law and Lawyers, Historic Mementos of,”’
Route 18, 177
Law Library, oldest, 178
Law School, oldest, 166, 178
League Island, Philadelphia Navy Yard,
258
Leech, Toby, 64
Leidy, Dr. Joseph, Statue of, 168 _
“TLeiper, Thomas, and the Beginnings of
Railroads,’’ Route 21, 203
Leiper, Thomas, First railroad of, 210
Lemon Hill, 136, 270
Lenni Lenape Indians, 80, 304
“Letitia House,” 40, 267.
Letitia Street, 38, 236, 267, 269, 275
Lewis-Fisher-Wharton House, 184, 264
General Index
ewe and Clark Expedition, Outfitting,
Liberty Bell, 5, 274; Yoke of, 252
Library, New Philadelphia Free, 271
Lincoln Highway, 306
Lincoln’s Law Library, 182
Llanerch Country Club, 298
Logan, James, 38, 66, 68, 72, 192
“Log College,’ 150, 304
Longwood Cemetery, 228, 291
“Longwood”’ Gardens, 296
Loudoun, 42, 192, 278
Lower Dublin Academy, 308
Lower Germantown Burial Ground, 44,
122, 278
Ludwick, Christopher, 62
Manufacturers’ Club, 273
Map of Highway Routes, 319
Map of Philadelphia, 320
Market, Old Second Street, 186
Market Square, 46, 78, 279
ater Square Presbyterian Church, 46,
52, 64
Masonic Home, 278
Masonic Lodge, First, 300
Masonic Temple, 94, 277
Masonic Temple, Washington Relics, 94
Mayors of Philadelphia, Portraits of, 34
“Medical Practitioners, The Early,”
Route 17, 167
Medical School, Oldest, 166, 168, 172, 174,
282
Medical Society, Philadelphia County, 168
Meeting Houses, Abington, 303; Arch
Street, 52, 56, 276; Birmingham, 296;
Buckingham, 305; Concord, 297; Frank-
ford, 308; Germantown, 44, 52, 64, 279;
Horsham, 303; Kennet Square, 228, 297;
Longwood, 228; Mennonite, German-
town, 46, 52, 64, 144, 164, 280, 300;
Merion, 52, 62, 289; Newtown, 222, 298;
Springfield, 156; Wrightstown, 80
Memorial Hall, 202, 269
Mercantile Club, 278
Merion Cricket Club, 289
Mikve Israel, 57, 63, 278
Mill Grove, 290
Mitchell, Dr. 8. Weir, 118, 168, 236, 240,
281
Mint, United States, 260; mileage to, 259
Modjeska, Portrait of, 234
Moore’s Cottage, Tom, 192, 240
Morgan, Dr. John, 166, 172, 174
Morris, Anthony, 246, 248
“Morris, Robert, and the First Banks,”
Route 12, 129
Morris, Robert, 62, 116, 190, 250, 273
Morris, Robert, burial vault, 136, 276;
caricature of, 130; last home of, 130;
letter to John Hancock, 132; portraits
of, 130
Morris House, 184, 192
Morris Mansion, Germantown, 86,
122, 192, 279
Morris Mansion, Sixth and Market Sts.,
98, 136
Morton, John, 28; birthplace of, 28, 292;
monument, 292
Mott, Lucretia, 303
Mt. Pleasant, 118, 270
Muhlenberg, Rev. Henry Melchoir, 48, 62,
290, 300
Muhlenberg, John Peter Gabriel, General,
48, 62, 290
Municipal Piers, 12, 14, 148, 214, 265;
stadium, 19
“Murders in the Rue Morgue, The,’ 240,
242, 282
Musical Fund Hall, 230
Naaman’s-on-Delaware, 292
National Farm School, 302
“National Government in Philadelphia,
The,’ Route 27, 257
National Memorial, Valley Forge, 114, 289
“Naturalization papers,” oldest, 24, 265
Naval Academy, United States, 259
Naval Asylum, 259; Naval Hospital, 260
Neagle, John, 196
Neglee House, 42
Neshaminy Presbyterian Church, 150, 304
“Ninth and Green,’”’ Reading Station, 206
Norristown, 290
Norriton, 144
Norriton Presbyterian Church, 144
“North American,’’ 82, 250
SL?
102,
North America, Bank of, 130, 250, 275
Obelisk, Marble, Market St. Bridge, 286
Octagonal School House, Birmingham, 296;
Newtown Square, 298
Old City Hall, account of, 274; American
Indian Chief, portrait of, by Charles
Willson Peale, 74; First United States
Supreme Court, 182; Indian Curios, 74;
“Penn’s Treaty with the Indians,” by
West, 14, 152, 200; Red Jacket, portrait
of, 74; souvenirs of Stuart and Sully,
202; Treaty Elm, section of, 74
“Old Glory,’ i making of, 257, 258
“Old Ironsides,’’ 204
“Old Schools and Schoolmasters,’’ Route
ios, they
Re ec Church, Philadelphia, 24, 52,
Old Swedes’ Church, Wilmington, 292, 293
Old Swedish houses, ‘94, 265
Old York Road, 100, 304
Oldest Social Club in America, 308, 311
Oldest House in Germantown, 46, 280
Oldest Industries, sixteen, 244
Oldest School Building in Germantown, 48
“Our Mutual Friend,” 242, 282
Overbrook High School, New, 286
“Overhanging Rock,” 114, 289
Paoli Massacre, 284
Paper Mill, first, in America, 48, 280
Pastorius’ Cave, 42, 264
Pastorius, Daniel, 46, 68, 192
Pastorius, Francis Daniel, 44, 64, 192, 279
Pastorius Homestead, 46, 279
Pastorius, Monument, to Francis Daniel,
46, 279
Pastorius Motto, 42, 46, 192
Paxton Boys, 74, 78
Peale, Charles Willson, 124, 142, 148, 196,
198, 200
Peale, Rembrandt, 146, 178, 200
Penllyn, 300
Penn Boulder, Chester, 292
Penn, Granville John, 74, 190
Penn House, William, 40, 267, 269
Penn, John, 36, 74, 190, 268, 276
Penn, John, home of, 40, 190
Penn National Bank, 182, 276
“Penn’s Treaty with the Indians,’’
Penn Treaty Park, 38, 80, 267, 308
Penn, William, 22
ey William, Memorials of,’’ Route 2,
Ppauetiean Gazette,” 82, 86, 88, 248
Pennsylvania Hospital, 174, 263; auto-
graph letter of Franklin, 84; autograph
letter of West, 156; ‘‘Christ Healing
the Sick,’”’ 152, 174; corner stone, 84, 174;
Penn Statue, 36, 174, 264
Feansyly ans Memorial, Valley Forge, 114,
9
Pennsylvania Museum of School of In-
dustrial Art, 269
Pennsylvania Railroad, 16, 18, 204, 271
Pennsylvania’s First Industry, 30
Perot, Elliston, 246
Perot, T. Morris, Jr., 246
Peters, Richard, 40, 70, 122, 158, 190, 270
Philadelphia Academy and College, 98
Philadelphia and Reading Ry., 206, 277
erie oa Art Museum, 12, 202, 270,
Philadelphia Club, 273
Philadelphia Contributionship, 84, 186, 246
Philadelphia Depot of the Quartermaster’s
Department, Account of, 258; mileage
to, 257
Philadelphia Library Co. account of, 263,
273; first gift of books to, 244; first
Secretary of, 244; first Treasurer of, 70;
Loganian Library, 66; Minutes of
Indian Conferences, 74, 124; old cor-
nerstone, 84; Duplessis portrait of Frank-
lin, 84; sketch of Robert Fulton's
House, 146; statue of Franklin, 82;
Stone Tablet, 82; Washington relics, 94:
Bevan’s Likeness of William Penn, 34;
William Penn’s Clock, 34; William
Penn’s Secretary, 34
Philadelphia Navy Yard, 256, 257
Cee iter ele Oldest Industries,” Route
26, 243
Philadelphia, The Sesqui-Centennial City,
11; arena of the nation’s past, 11; of
to-day, 11-17; of toemorrow, 17-18
74, 152
Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore
Railroad, monument of, 212
Physick, Dr. Philip Syng, 172, 174, 188
Pine St. Presbyterian Church, 52, 58
Poe, Edgar Allan, home of, 240
Poe, Edgar Allan, manuscript, 242, 282
“Polly,’’ tea-ship, 160
“Poor Richard’s Almanac,” 92, 236
Porter Mansion, Norristown, 290
Port Royal, 308
Portuguese Hebrew Burial Ground, 236,
263
Post Office, account of, 260, 273; mileage
to, 260
Powel, Samuel, home of, 98, 116, 178, 276
Pratt, Matthew, 151, 152, 196, 202
Presbyterian Church, First, 52, 54, 236,
274
Princeton College, 54, 62
Printz, Mansion of Governor, 28
Printz, Water-mill of, 30, 281
“Protest against Slavery,” First, 46, 278
Protestant Episcopal Church, founding of,
62, 122
“Public Ledger,”’ 88, 250, 274
Public School Building, oldest in Phila-
delphia, 281
Pusey House, Caleb, 292
Quadrant, Inventor of, 66, 240
“Quaker Academy,” 124, 126
Queen Christina, 24, 32, 265
Queen Street, 24, 265 -
Railroad track, first trial, 206
Rawle, Francis, 120, 244
“Raven, The,’’ 240
Reading Terminal, 205, 206, 277
“Rebecca,” in “Ivanhoe,” original of, 216
Religious Liberty, Monument to, 269
“Revolutionary Mansions, Notable,’”’ Route
10, 115
Ridge Road, 102, 290
Ridgway Library, 148, 150, 168, 315
Rittenhouse, David, 46, 48, 64, 260, 280;
birthplace of, 144, 192, 280; clock, 140;
grave, 142; monument to, 144, 290;
observation of transit of Venus, 144;
observatory of, 138; orrery of, 140;
portrait of, 142 ;
“Rittenhouse, David, First Practical
Scientist,” Route 13, 137 ;
Rittenhouse, William, 46, 48, 64, 280
“Road-Side,”’ 303
Robinson House, 292
Roosevelt Boulevard, 278, 306 ;
Roxborough Country Club, 291; High
School, 291; Public School, old, 291
Rudman, Rev. Andrew, tomb of, 24
Rush, Dr. Benjamin, 168, 174; Dr. James,
168; William, 196, 230
“Sandy Flash,” 220, 221, 222
“Saturday Evening Post,”
224, 248, 250, 274
School for the Blind, Overbrook, 280
School of Design for Women, 234, 278
School of Industrial Art, 219
School System of Pennsylvania, 190
“Schul-Ordnung,’’ Christopher Dock’s, 44,
164, 252
Schuylkill Arsenal, 259; mileage to, 258
Schuylkill River at Market Street, 286
Scott, Sir Walter, 236, 242
Scull, Burial plot of Nicholas, 300
Seamen’s Church Institute, 266
Second Street Market, old, 276
Sesqui-Centennial International
tion, 313; ground plan, 312;
view of site, 256; stadium, 19
Shackamaxon, 38, 56, 78
Shakespeare, First folio of, 234
Sharpless, James, Pastel portraits by, 200,
235
Shippen, Peggy, 118, 270
Shippen, Dr. William, 172, 174
Signers of the Declaration, 200
Skippack, 300
Slate Roof House, 36, 66, 276; model of, 34
Smith, Rev. William, 64, 128, 142, 158, 164,
200, 236, 276
Smyth, Albert Henry, 240
Solitude, 40, 183, 190, 268
Southern Boundary of Original City, 22, 264
Southwark, 22
Southwark Theatre, 232, 264
Sower Bible, 44, 64, 250, 252
86, 88, 220,
Exposi-
airplane
General Index
Sower, Christopher, 44, 64, 250
Spring Garden Institute, 278
Spring House School, 308
St. David’s Church, Radnor, 284, 286
St. George’s Methodist Episcopal Church,
52, 56
St. James’ Church, Evansburg, 290
St. James’ Church, Kingsessing, 30, 52, 62,
104, 281, 293
St. Joseph’s Roman Catholic Church, 52,
56, 276
St. Mary’s Roman Catholic Church, 52, 58
St. Michael’s Lutheran Church, Gtn., 48,
52, 300
St. Michael—Zion
Church, 54
St. Paul’s Church, 52, 60, 276
St. Paul’s Church, Chester, 293
St. Peter’s Church, 52, 58, 96, 186, 264,
276
St. Thomas’ Church, 300
Stamper-Blackwell-Bingham House, 186,
276
State in Schuylkill Fishing Club, 308, 311
State House, 86
Steamboat, First, 146, 286
Steamboat service, first, 145, 150
Stenton, 66, 78, 100, 278, 302, 306
Steuben, Gen. von, statue, Valley Forge, 114
Stillé, Charles J., 32
“Story of Kennett,’’ 220, 222, 224, 226, 228
Stock Exchange, Old, 266
Stockton, Frank R., 118, 240, 242, 278, 281
Strawberry Mansion, 270
Stuart, Gilbert, 100, 196, 200, 202, 234, 278
Stuart, Gilbert, portrait, by Neagle, 200
Stuart Corner in Academy of Fine Arts, 196
Sully, Thomas, 198, 200, 202, 234
Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, 178, 200
Swan Johnson, Tombstone of, 24
Swansons, Log Home of, 24
Swarthmore College, 156
“Swedes, Landmarks of the Early,’’ Route
ital
Swedish Farmhouse, 30, 281
Sweet Briar Mansion, 136, 190, 208, 210,
269 :
Tamenend, Indian Chief, 78, 80, 302
Tammany’s Burial Ground, 302
Taverns, hotels and inns: Audubon, 290;
Blue Bell, 293; Black Horse, Flourtown,
301; Black Horse, Middletown road,
297; Black Horse, Norristown, 291;
Bull's Head, 206; Catalpa, 305; Drove,
298; Fort Side, 301; Fort Washington,
301; Fountain, 80, 291, 303; General
Greene, 305; General Warren, 284, 285,
289; General Wayne, 113, 114, 289:
General Wayne, MHolmesburg, 309;
Green Tree, Germantown, 46, 68, 164,
279, 300; Green Tree, West Chester, 222,
298; King of Prussia, 289; Old Buck,
286; Pine Apple, 297; Providence, 297;
Red Lion, Ardmore, 285; Red Lion,
Bristol Pike, 308, 309; Red Lion, near
Kennett, 226, 298; Spread Eagle, 285,
286; Three Tuns, 291; Tinicum, 26;
Turk’s Head, 298; ‘‘Unicorn,’’ 298;
Warrington, 303; Washington, Chester,
292, Washington, Holmesburg, 309;
White Horse, 293; Wheel Pump, 301
Taylor, Bayard, birthplace of, 226, 298;
grave of, 228; knapsack, 222; manu-
scripts, 222; relics of, 222, 298
“Taylor, Bayard, Tracks and Traces of,”
Route 23, 219
Tedyuscung, 80
Temple University, 278
Tennent, Rev. William, 150, 304
“Tent”? Monument, Marble, 291
“Theatres and Actors of Olden Days,”
Route 24, 229
Theatres: Adelphi, 277; Broad Street, 273;
Arch Street, 230; Chestnut Street, First,
230, 274; . Forrest, 232, 273; Keith’s,
273; Lyric, 277; Schubert, 273; Walnut
Street, 230
“Thomson, Charles, First Secretary of
Congress,’’ Route 11, 124
Thomson, Charles, Indian name of, 126;
portrait of, 124; teacher, 124, 158;
tomb of, 128, 270
Trappe Lutheran Church, 290
Treaty Elm, 56; Scion of, 36
Trinity Church, Oxford, 52, 64, 306
Trumbull, John, 202
318
German Lutheran
Type, First cast in America, 44, 252
Unicorn Inn, 222, 298; original of, 224
Union League, 236, 273
Unionville, 222, 224, 298
eed States Bank, First, 132, 214, 266,
United States Mint, 259, 260; First, 138
University of Pennsylvania, 98, 140, 158
276; buildings of, 166; College Hal],
140; Dormitories, 32; first Graduating
Class, 158; Hospital, 166, 282; Houston
Hall, 140, 282; Later Site of, 158; Law
School, description of, 178, 282; Library
o aD ee eae 82; Medical
chool, , ; useum, :
co ltisinal Site of, 158 peedgrecs=
pper Buryin round,
280, 300 g Germantown, 48,
Upsala, 192, 280, 300
Ursinus College, 291
ivailey Forge, A Pilgrimage to,’”’ Route 9.
Van Rensselaer Mansion, 300
Vernon Monee 192, 279; Vernon Park,
Wakefield, 192
Wanamaker Store, 263, 277
Washington, George, 93, 273; Coach-
maker to, 102; Funeral oration on, 56,
276; Headquarters, Chadd’s Ford, 297
Headquarters, Valley Forge, 110
Washington Inn, Valley Forge, 110
Washington Memorial Chapel, Valley
Forge, 108, 112
Washington Monument, Fairmount Park,
104, 270, 291
Washington Pew in Christ Church, 60, 276
Washington Spring, Valley Forge, 110
Washington Tavern, Germantown, 102,
280, 300 ;
Washington, Martha, Portrait of, 94, 200
Waterman Monument, 110, 112
Weta, the annalist, 98, 128, 148, 150,
Wayne, Anthony,
grave of, 284
Waynesborough, 288
Wayne Statue, Valley Forge, 108, 114, 289
West, Benjamin, autograph letter of, 156;
birthplace of, 156, 296; paintings by, 198;
portrait of, 152, 196; portrait of Mrs.
sien ee 196 a
est, Benjamin—The Quaker Artist,”
Route 15, 151 2
West Chester, 220, 222, 298; Public
Library, 222, 298
West Chester Pike, 298
Wharton School, 166, 281
Whitby Hall, 70
White, Bishop William, 60, 136, 152, 164,
200, 276
Whitefield, George, 82, 92, 158
“White House, First,’’ 276
Whitman, Walt, Home of, 310; tomb, 310
“Wieland,” 235
William Penn Charter School, 124, 158, 160
“William Penn Sight-seeing Tour,” 263
Willing’s Alley, 55, 56, 276
Willow Grove Park, 302
Wilmington’s New Civie Center, 292
Wilson, Alexander, 62, 265
Wilson, James, 178
Wilstach Collection of Paintings, 202, 269
Wissahickon Drive, 280
Wistar, Dr. Caspar, 172
Wistar House, 184
Wistar Institute of Anatomy, 166, 174, 281
“Wistar Parties,” 172
Wister House, Germantown, 66, 122, 279
Wister, John, 68, 192, 279; Owen, 44,
240; Sally, 122, 240, 279, 300
Witt, Dr. Christopher, 200
Woodford, 70
Woodland Avenue, 104, 281, 292
Woodlands Cemetery, 116, 281, 293
Woodlands, The, 116, 281
Wordsworth, William, portrait of 242
Wrightstown, 80, 304
Wyck, 46, 280, 300
Wynne, Dr. Thomas, 40, 62
“Wynnstay,”’ 40, 280
Zion Lutheran Church, 54, 56, 98, 276
Zoological Garden, 40, 183, 190, 268
Birthplace of, 288;
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