TS = Sn 32. peste eaky3- etaes. = soph TS So rege er eee ag Hii uy Mii ' AAA ARB FRA] Class (2. Given by THEGETTY CENTER LIBRARY 4, cE ye Ss Ta eee ame a Ss om Le a ‘ Oh irs ie lam pare Oa Anon oee A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER BY BRUCE Kk. BROWN (Formerly with Commercial Solvents Corporation) AND FRANCIS M. CRAWFORD Director of Patent and Research Information Departments Commercial Solvents Corporation Oe SO eee « ee ¢ ee © ew ee lee BOOK DEPART MEN T The CHEMICAL CATALOG COMPANY, Inc. 419 FOURTH AVENUE, AT 29rn STREET, NEW YORK, U.S. A. ; 1928 | In Copyricut, 1928, By The CHEMICAL CATALOG COMPANY, All rights reserved a Printed in the United States of America by J. J. LITTLE AND IVES COMPANY, NEW YORK | (@eeecse : ¥ ’ v 6 t *e eee ° es PREFACE Many persons are prone to regard the nitrocellulose lacquer industry as a very new one. It has frequently been described as a post-war development brought about partly by excess stocks of nitrocellulose and solvents, and partly by the ever- increasing demand for production speed in industry. To a large extent, this view is an accurate one. But, as the present volume will clearly show, the technique of nitrocellulose lacquer production and application is very old. In fact, the industry was well- grounded scientifically many years before the automobile business, which it now serves so well, came into being. Lacquers for silverware, brass beds, light fixtures, straw hats, cigar tips and countless other specialty products were an industrial commodity years before the present Gargantuan development of the industry. These uses were, however, scat- tered, special, and not of a type that would stimulate general demand. The nitro- cellulose then available was the so-called “high viscosity type” and was suitable only for the production of relatively thin films. Fusel oil and its derivatives were the most important solvent materials and the supply was limited. ,The Great War stimulated nitrocellulose production, improved its quality, and made it a cheaper, better-understood material. Aviation demanded organic solvents, and cellulose ester dopes became munitions of war. The demand for acetone for cordite and dope production stimulated the commercial development of the butyl acetonic fermentation of carbohydrates in France, India, England, Canada and the United States. As a by-product of this acetone production, normal butyl alcohol left the shelves of chemical museums and became a cheap industrial substance, capable of completely replacing fusel oil insofar as nitrocellulose solvent use was concerned. While good-quality clear nitrocellulose lacquers had been manufactured in the United States for some years prior to the Great War, much credit for the present surprising development must be given to E. I. duPont de Nemours & Co., which, soon after 1920, developed and vigorously pressed the use of pigmented lacquer. In the meantime, the ever-expanding automobile industry became insistent in its demand for a new finishing material that would eliminate the long delays experi- enced in the paint shop. As the daily production of automobiles increased, the financial loss attendant on the immense investment in completed but unsold auto- mobiles undergoing the antiquated 10-day paint-finishing schedule grew until it became a retarding factor in the automobile business. Spurred on by the savings clearly indicated, unbound by ancient precedents common in older fields, and sanely guided by technically trained executives, the automobile industry adopted lacquer in an amazingly short time. Less than one per cent of the automobiles manufac- tured in 1923 were finished in lacquer. Over 95 per cent of the automobiles manu- factured in the United States in the year 1927 were lacquer-finished. This change, however rapid, was not made until laboratory tests had proven the durability and adaptability of the new finish. Lacquer, when properly formulated and properly applied, was found to have a much longer useful life than oleo-resinous finishes. Strangely enough, even the ultimate failure of a good lacquer coating was found more satisfactory than the corresponding failure of a paint coat. Character- istic paint failure involves deep checking or cracking. Characteristic lacquer failure takes the form of chalking or dusting which occurs only on the surface. Conse- 3 4 PREFACE quently, a chalked lacquer film can be brought back to its original luster by polish- ing, whereas a checked paint coat is permanently marred. As the result of its adoption of the lacquer finish, the automobile industry, as a whole, found it possible to save at least two-thirds of its investment in the idle stock undergoing finishing, and was able to recover a large amount of manufactur- ing space previously devoted to storage and drying. The intelligent development of the spray-gun, or “air brush,” which was ideally adapted to lacquer application, also speeded production and compensated to a large degree for the higher per-gallon cost of the new finish. Even before the use of lacquer on automobiles was completely standardized, the furniture manufacturers realized the advantages of the new finish, and the lacquer industry thus received its second large impetus. While clear lacquer has already largely replaced furniture varnish, and is apparently destined to supersede oleo- resinous finishes on all but the very cheapest grades, progress in this field was not quite so rapid at first as in the case of the automobile industry. In part, this was due to the character of the surface to be treated, which required special types of under-surfacing materials. Progress was also impeded by the timeworn traditions of the trade which insisted at first on applying the new material with an old technique. From automobiles and furniture, it was only a short step to the railroad industry, and to-day much of our new rolling-stock is lacquer-finished. Here the same advantages of increased durability, clarity of color, and reduced time of application have stimulated the use of lacquer. The three major fields mentioned have one common characteristic in that each is a manufacturing industry operated in large units, in which the article to. be surfaced may be finished in a completely equipped lacquering shop by trained em- ployes. The article is taken to the lacquer. The next development in point of time was one in which the lacquer is taken to the article. The use of the new finish on automobiles and furniture stimulated popular fancy, and while the manufacturers doubtless encouraged the idea, there soon came, nevertheless, a distinct demand for lacquer for home use. “Brush Lac- quers” put up in small packages soon made their appearance. The production of these materials required a new formulation technique. The maintenance of pig- ment in a thoroughly dispersed condition in a lacquer is inherently more difficult than the proper pigmentation of an oleo-resinous paint or enamel. This problem is not so important in the industries in which the article is taken to the lacquer, for in such cases, the lacquer is shipped in concentrated form and the final dilution is made by skilled workers who appreciate the necessity of thorough mixing. The demand for brush lacquers for home use stimulated research in the proper pig- mentation of lacquers and the problem of pigment dispersion was solved partly by improved methods of manufacture and partly by consumer education. Since brush lacquers are applied by inexperienced persons on all sorts of surfaces, it was also necessary to improve formulation to such an extent that a smooth ad- herent coat could be produced with a paint brush under the most adverse conditions of application. In general, the tendency has been toward a slightly retarded drying time, many popular brands requiring as much as thirty minutes to become dry to the touch. While the durability of lacquer finishes on automobiles had been well demonstrated to the public, the opinion may be frankly ventured that the householder’s demand for lacquer was not based on desire for durability, but on his admiration for the brilliantly pigmented lacquer enamels, and on his recognition of the advantage of the rapid-drying property of the product. It was only natural that the finish found so valuable in other fields should be adapted to architectural use. While the genesis of this development is in some ways coincident with the other modern uses of lacquer, it has, for obvious reasons, PREFACE 5 progressed more slowly. In this field also it is necessary to take the lacquer to the article rather than the article to the lacquer. Since the brush application of lacquer is no more difficult or expensive in labor than the brush application of paint or varnish, the use of lacquer on interior trim and floors has been quite successful. Various suitable undercoats have been developed and lacquer manufacturers special- izing in this type of finish are prepared to supply all of the materials necessary for the successful surfacing of plaster. To secure the maximum benefit from the lacquer finish, spray application is required and. special types of readily transportable spray apparatus have been developed. The architectural use of lacquer is particularly attractive in the case of the finishing of large office buildings where the speed of application is a prime requisite. The decoration of the rooms of a building is naturally one of the last phases of its construction. The use of paint or varnish for this purpose involves a very long waiting period between the applications of coats and during the final drying. At this point of construction, practically the entire investment in the building has been made, and yet, no return may be realized by the owner until the rooms are fit for occupancy. The intelligent use of a lacquer finish permits a large reduction of this idle time and allows a more rapid realization on rental. Similar factors make lacquer the logical finish for hotels. The attainable speed of application makes it possible to completely refinish a room within twelve hours, thus avoiding a loss in rental. At the present writing, the public is just beginning to realize the myriad uses to which lacquer may be put. For example, imitation marble slabs, such as are used to a great extent in the construction of decorative walls and partitions, are now manufactured from cut slate, which, when properly lacquered, is fully as pleasing in appearance and satisfactory in use as the marble itself. Imitation tile is another building material which may require large amounts of lacquer. In view of the tremendous expansion of the industry, the demand for authentic technical information has become most insistent. A great deal of interest has been shown in lacquer by the various technical societies and trade journals, and many pseudo-scientific articles on the subject have been published. The patent literature, which dates back almost fifty years, is growing more voluminous each week. Never- theless, the scientific worker in this field has had only a few authentic texts from which to work. The classic work of E. C. Worden on Nitrocellulose is a veritable mine of information, but is now somewhat out of date. Sproxton has recently published a text which contains much of fundamental value but which does not provide an exhaustive treatment of practical phases of the subject. Samuel P. Wilson’s text on Nitrocellulose Lacquers is an intensely practical handbook for the formulator and contains much of value to the industry. There is a wealth of information available in the early literature on lacquer, which information is unknown to many who are well acquainted with the recent developments, and the authors have felt that a correlation of all of the published data on lacquer would be of benefit to the industry. Accordingly the present volume was prepared. Sproxton well said that a consideration of the patents in the nitrocellulose in- dustry “is productive of more heat than light,” but these early patents may not be well disregarded. They show very clearly the evolution of present lacquer, and, what is more important from the practical viewpoint, they indicate that broad patent monopolies covering present-day lacquer are unsupportable. In preparing a digest of the prior art, the authors have been forced to accept each patent at its face value, however trivial or inaccurate it may obviously be in the light of present- day information. Formulas have been given wherever they were present in the original text and all of the optional constituents mentioned by the inventor have been included in the abstract. From the abstracts, themselves, the authors have prepared an elaborate subject index from which it is possi to de and every compound mentioned in the literature as useful ain os 1928. CONTENTS PAGE PREFACE e e ° * ° ° ° ° e ° e e ° e e ° e e e e 4 e . 3 INTRODUCTORY CHAPTER—LACQUER SOLVENTS AND DILUENTS . . .... . 9 Solvents—Diluents.—Plasticizers—Solution Viscosity and Solvent Power. —Nature of Solvent Action—Rate of Evaporation vs. Boiling Point.— Odor and Residual Odor—Solvent Mixtures and Solvent Balance— Mardles’ “Solvent Power Number.”—Blush—Cotton Blush—Gum Blush.— Effect of Solvents on Lacquer Application —Flow.—Gelled Films.—Thinners. NITROCELLULOSE Lacgumr Parent ABSTRACTS . . .. . +. .- . + + «+ 228 ee TRS PATENTS fo a a ee 28 ETS ap, A al St ee de Re aN er eR a emia ere mri Fs. 6 MRE Tm) hc ba Re se ed See pry 2 LO Emer: 26 oo OE Owe ee eh Se ie wee 191 eR Rr a SS Sie Mc ee O48 TRA artis oes hig peice ae DL ee Seed SG ee MT tome i gO) Ny Oe ee de ES Ee a ei a A a ae en, MNS yf Mere 6. tes GA oe ie Us tee Beanies: ays BIBLIOGRAPHY oF NiTRocELLULOSE Lacquer LITERATURE . . . . . . . . 249 InpEx or Marterrats Namep In Patents Cirep ......... =. 249 INDEX oF AUTHORS OF PATENTS AND LitmerRATuRB CITED . . ... . . - oo¢ A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER LACQUER SOLVENTS AND DILUENTS Nitrocellulose, itself, is considered the most important ingredient in modern lacquer, and other materials employed in the composition take their functional names from their relationships to the basic constituent. Thus, a plasticizer is an ingredient imparting plasticity to the nitrocellulose, and a solvent is a liquid capable of carrying the nitrocellulose into colloidal solution. Many of the liquids employed to make up the volatile portion of lacquer are not solvents for nitrocellulose. These substances are generally known as diluents although they may have a dual function, and serve as gum solvents as well as simple diluting agencies. In an ordinary lacquer, only one ingredient is present in solid form, this being the pigment, or equivalent “lake color”; the nitrocellulose, gums or resins, plasticizer, solvents, and diluents being present in homogeneous liquid admixture. 3 The two principal film-forming ingredients of lacquer, that is, nitrocellulose and gum, are so dissimilar in nature that they ordinarily require separate solvent media to carry them into solution, and this circumstance tends to make lacquer formulation a complex task. Nitrocellulose is most easily soluble in esters, ketones, and ethers. On the contrary, the varnish gums and resins ordinarily employed in lacquers are, with one notable exception, most easily soluble in hydrocarbons and alcohols. As a general rule it may be said that nitrocellulose solvents are not good gum solvents, and vice versa. Gum solvents (diluents) sometimes precipitate nitrocellulose from solution when too much of the former is added in compounding a lacquer, and a precipitation of gum occasionally occurs when an excess of nitrocellulose solvent is added to a gum solution.* . There are, also, certain liquids which are ordinarily classified as non-solvents of nitrocellulose but which possess so much of the solvent property that the term diluent does not seem properly applicable. Hexahydrophenol, for example, is not a solvent for nitrocellulose, yet causes the material to “swell.” In some branches of the nitrocellulose industry, such materials are known as “gelatinizers,” but the authors feel that the term quasi-solvent is preferable. A further difficulty arises in defining the term solvent in view of the fact that all of the liquids that are employed in the industry and are capable of dissolving nitro- cellulose are not known as solvents. Most of the plasticizers practically employed in * Many liquids which dissolve nitrocellulose are also solvents for gums and resins— but few of these liquids will hold both materials in the same mixture, 9 10 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER the industry are non-volatile esters that readily dissolve nitrocellulose. In the in- dustry, however, the term “solvent” refers only to volatile solvent. Again it must be remembered that the solutions employed by the lacquer formu- lator are not true solutions at all, but are colloidal solutions or dispersions. Since both nitrocellulose solutions and gum solutions are colloidal in nature, a most deli- cate colloidal balance is set up in compounding a lacquer, and successful formulation may require the blending of a number of partially incompatible ingredients. The maximum amount of material that may be dissolved is usually quite indefinite, a figure far beyond the range of concentration usually employed, and determined largely by the viscosity of the solution—i.e., the trend from fluid to highly viscous form. The above introductory paragraphs will serve as a basis for conveniently defining the liquids employed in lacquers in accordance with their principal functions. Sotvent—A volatile liquid capable of dissolving nitrocellulose. Solvents are usually subclassified as low-boiling solvents and high-boiling solvents. This subclassification is an inaccurate and misleading one, since in most cases the boiling point of a solvent is not a true index of its volatility, nor of the volatility of the complex liquid mixture of which it is an ingredient. A more accurate classifi- cation may be accomplished by dividing the group into “quickly evaporating” and “slowly evaporating” solvents, but such classification has found but little favor. The nitrocellulose solvents most employed in the industry are the aliphatic esters of fatty acids and various ethers, though ketones and keto-alcohols are also employed. Ditvent—A volatile liquid non-solvent for nitrocellulose, frequently a gum solvent. The diluents ordinarily employed in lacquers fall within two general groups, namely, alcohols and hydrocarbons. While diluents are used, as the name implies, to dilute and cheapen lacquers, they also may serve as carrier solvents for many important varnish gums that are not soluble in nitrocellulose solvents. Like the nitrocellulose solvents, diluents are subclassified as low-boiling and high-boiling. The use of a high-boiling solvent in a lacquer necessitates the employment of a corresponding high-boiling diluent when diluent-soluble gums are employed; other- wise, the precipitation of the gum by traces of nitrocellulose solvent during the last stages of evaporation may spoil the film. PuasticizEr—A non-volatile material,* miscible with other lacquer ingredients, which wmparts plasticity to the dry film. The plasticizers most employed are non-volatile esters. The alkyl phthalates and aryl phosphates are much used. Most of the plasticizers employed are solvents for nitrocellulose, though castor oil and butyl stearate are notable exceptions. All surface-coating compositions with a nitrocellulose base are commonly de- scribed as lacquers, and when one considers the variety of use to which lacquer is put, it may be readily understood that there is no such thing as an “ideal lacquer.” * The most-used plasticizers are liquids. Thousands of substances, including many that are solid at room temperature, have been proposed as plasticizers, The only one of these that has been employed to any extent in present-day lacquers is triphenyl phosphate. LACQUER SOLVENTS AND DILUENTS 11 Similarly, there is no such thing as an “ideal solvent.” It is comparatively easy to catalog a large number of volatile liquids that will dissolve nitrocellulose, but it is extremely difficult to contrast the inherent value of various substances as solvents. In this chapter an attempt will be made to consider solvents and non-solvents (diluents) on a functional, rather’ than an encyclopaedic, basis; and to set down some of the fundamental considerations which determine their values and their uses. Since the physical properties of both solvents and non-solvents (nitrocellulose sol- vents and diluents) largely determine their usefulness, these two groups of lacquer ingredients will be discussed together, insofar as that is possible. The simplest approach to a practical evaluation appears to be through the rejection of several dubious criteria. SoLuTION Viscosity AND SoLventT Power (Doubtful standards) In dealing with inorganic substances one is accustomed to regard solvent efficiency in the absolute, the “most efficient” solvent being the one which will dissolve the most solute. In the lacquer art we are concerned with colloidal solutions, and any liquid which dissolves nitrocellulose usually continues to do so until the solution becomes so viscous that it cannot be agitated. If extremely concentrated solutions of nitrocellulose were required, the solvent giving the least viscous solutions might be highly regarded. However, the nitrocellulose solutions employed in lacquers are relatively dilute and the effect on solution viscosity of any specific solvent of indus- trial importance, as compared with other solvents, is so small that the factor of comparative solution viscosity is practically irrelevant to formulation problems. The variance in viscosity of solutions of nitrocellulose depends, in part, on the molecular complexity of the solvents. In general, the valuable high-boiling solvents produce the most viscous solutions, and the cheaper less-effective solvents produce the least viscous solutions. Thus the futility of attempting to evaluate solvents on the basis of solution viscosity is clearly disclosed. The important factor of nitro- cellulose viscosity is the variance of viscosity of different grades of nitrocellulose in a standard solvent mixture and the selection of nitrocellulose of proper viscosity is basically important in formulation. Nature or So.tvent ACTION - Theoretical consideration of the nature of solutions of nitrocellulose from the viewpoint of the physicist and colloid chemist is beyond the purview of this chapter.* Nitrocellulose solutions partake of the ordinary character of colloidal solutions, insofar as those structures are understood. Aside from the simple solvent action of one solvent on the solute, there are interesting cases wherein a substance, normally non-solvent, may be “activated” by the addition of a small quantity of another material, and the resultant mixture may possess excellent solvent properties. For example, a mixture of ethyl ether and ethyl alcohol is a good nitrocellulose solvent, whereas neither material alone exerts much solvent action. Similarly, while butanol is not a solvent for nitrocellulose, the addition of twenty per cent of butyl *In his recent work—“Cellulose Ester Varnishes’ (D. Van Nostrand Co., 1925) F. Sproxton devoted two chapters to a survey of the character and properties of nitrocellu- lose solutions. Complete bibliographies accompany the text. 12 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER acetate to butanol produces a mixture of good solvent action. The same phenomena are observed in the case of ethyl compounds and amyl compounds.* Attempts have been made to reason that “like dissolves like” and that since nitrocellulose is believed to be an ester, the best solvents for nitrocellulose should be esters. However alluring this theory may be, it is not well substantiated in prac- tice, as ketones, keto-alcohols, hydroxy-esters, and ethers are also notably good nitrocellulose solvents. It may also be noted that many of the varnish gums em- ployed in lacquers are presumed to be esters, yet hydrocarbons and alcohols are the most-used gum solvents. Since there are many known instances in which a mixture of two or more liquids of differing molecular structure exerts a nitrocellulose solvent action superior to that of either ingredient, the synthesis of complex solvents has proven an attractive field for speculation. It has been reasoned that a material possessing a plurality of “solvent groups,” such as the hydroxyl group, the carboxyl group, the carbonyl group, and the ether linkage in one molecule would be superior in nitrocellulose solvent action to a simpler molecule containing but one “solvent group.” Keyes [J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 17, 1120 (1925)] has discussed this subject briefly and has cited instances of nitrocellulose solvents carrying more than one “solvent group,” which he character- izes as two-type solvents. Since nitrocellulose is readily soluble in esters and ketones, and since most gums are easily dissolved by alcohols, it would appear that a solvent combining an alcohol group with an ester group or ketone group could be employed to dissolve both nitrocellulose’ and gum, in which case there would be no necessity for the use of a corresponding gum solvent in lacquer formulation. But such reasoning has not yet been supported by experimental evidence. For example, diacetone alcohol, a keto- alcohol, is an excellent solvent for both nitrocellulose and ester gum. However, when these two solutions are combined, a haze results which persists in the dry film and which can be cured only by the presence of a high-boiling diluent or quasi-solvent such as “Hercosol” or hexahydrophenol. Similarly, ethyl lactate—an hydroxy-ester— is a good solvent for both nitrocellulose and for shellac and kauri gums. Yet ethyl lactate solutions of nitrocellulose cannot be mixed with ethyl lactate solutions of these gums without producing a clouded film unless there is added a diluent such as butanol. The same phenomenon is observed in the case of the one-type solvent, butyl acetate. This solvent dissolves both nitrocellulose and kauri gum, yet mixtures of the solutions are not compatible except in the presence of a diluent such as butanol. The ethyl ether of ethylene glycol provides another instance of a nitrocellulose solvent containing two solvent groups—viz., the ether linkage and the hydroxyl group. It is an excellent solvent for nitrocellulose and for kauri gum, though it does not dissolve ester gum. However, when separate solutions of nitrocellulose and kauri gum in this solvent are mixed, incompatibility is observed and cloudy films are produced. The remedy for this situation is the same as that used in the case of a one-type solvent—iz.e., the addition of a high-boiling diluent, such as butanol. On the contrary, ester gum, which is soluble in most simple ester solvents, may be made compatible with the ethyl ether of ethylene glycol in the same orthodox manner, that is, by employing a high-boiling diluent to prevent gum blush. * Similar phenomena are known in the cellulose acetate field, where they are of greater importance in view of the narrower field of solvent selection—viz. Advisory Comm. on Aeronautics—Report 568—HB. J. W. Mardles (1919). LACQUER SOLVENTS AND DILUENTS 13 These instances are cited to show that however effective a solvent may be for a single solute, in the practical formulation of lacquers, solvents possessing theoretically desirable solvent-radicle combinations cannot be relied upon offhand to produce the desired result. Rats oF EvaporaTION versus Bortine Pornt (True Standards). For several decades nitrocellulose solvents have been classified into two groups— 1.e., low-botling solvents and high-boiling solvents. Diluents have been similarly classed. Water has been used as the standard, substances boiling at temperatures below 100° C. being rated as “low boilers.” This method of classification follows formulation use fairly well,* since the low-boiling solvents are employed to reduce cost, reduce drying time, and to increase bulk, whereas high-boiling solvents are used to reduce volatility, inhibit “blush,” and to increase flow. Despite its popularity, this classification is an extremely inaccurate one. The erroneous idea that the boiling point of a solvent or diluent is an index of its evaporation behavior has greatly obstructed the efforts of the formulator. As a matter of fact, other variables make prediction impossible on this basis. The term “boiling point” has no scientific significance except as it describes the temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid under consideration is equal to one at- mosphere (760 mm. Hg) of pressure. In determining the volatility of lacquer liquids, we are concerned with the vapor pressure at the temperature of evaporation —not at the boiling point. The ratio of volatility of two liquids at room temperature cannot be predicted by comparing their boiling points. For example, while normal butyl acetate boils at 126.5°, some 12° higher than butanol, at room temperature it evaporates about twice as rapidly as that material, and a similar phenomenon occurs in the case of the other acetic esters and their corresponding alcohols. Similarly, many lacquer solvents which boil at a temperature above the boiling point of water evaporate much more rapidly than water. Recognition of the disparity between the boiling point relations of various sol- vents and their comparative volatility at room temperatures has led to a study of vapor pressure curves. The vapor pressures of various lacquer solvents at widely varying temperatures have been plotted as curves, and the vapor pressure at room temperature (temperature of evaporation) has been determined by measurement or extrapolation. Davidson [J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 18, 672 (1926)] has prepared several charts in which the vapor pressure curves of various liquids are imposed on the same diagram. In a number of cases these curves cross during their ascent, indicating * Keyes [J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 17, 560 (1925)] describes three classes of solvents—viz., low boilers, medium boilers, and high boilers. The boiling ranges for these materials are “below 100°,” “near 125°,” and “above 150°.’”’ respectively. Despite the admitted advantage of a closer subdivision, the authors doubt the advisability of this classification. Under such a division, the standard much-used “high boilers’ such as butyl acetate, amyl acetate and butyl propionate, together with new and interesting materials such as the ethyl and methyl ethers of ethylene glycol, are placed in a sub-division of doubtful importance. Further, the only two solvents that are practically employed and which fall within the high boiler class are ethyl lactate and diacetone alcohol. Whatever the merits of these materials, it cannot be denied that they have not found a use comparable in magnitude to that of the standard high-boiling solvents. 14 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER that at certain critical points of temperature the solvents represented by the inter- secting curves have identical vapor pressures, whereas, at temperatures above and below the critical points, the solvents differ conversely in speed of evaporation. The consideration given to the comparative volatility of lacquer solvents and diluents by means of vapor pressure curves must be credited as a vastly more correct line of attack than the empirical consideration of boiling points. Within the limits of the accuracy of measurement, figures thus obtained are doubtless scientifi- cally correct expressions of what occurs. However, even these figures are not suitable for use by the lacquer formulator. Vapor pressure determinations do not take into account the weight of the molecules vaporized, whereas, the rate of evapora- tion of a liquid is ordinarily expressed as the weight volatilized per hour per unit of surface or, more accurately, in ratio to the evaporation of a standard. The rela- tive rate of evaporation of substances of identical vapor pressure is thus seen to depend on the molecular complexity of the solvents involved. Even if two liquids are found to have the same vapor pressure at room temperature (temperature of evaporation), still the rates of evaporation of these two substances will differ— unless they are of identical molecular weight. Still another factor must be applied to vapor pressure curves before they are descriptive of evaporation conditions— namely, the latent heat of vaporization * of the liquid in question. At the present time the most useful method of evaluating solvent volatility is the empirical one, that is the actual determination of rates of evaporation at room temperature. With proper laboratory technique, there is no reason why fairly accu- rate determinations may not be made. The general method consists in exposing shallow vessels containing the liquids to room temperature, either in still air or in a regulated draft. The vessels are weighed at frequent intervals and the solvent loss is plotted against the minutes required for evaporation. Results obtained in this way cannot be easily duplicated since variance in room temperature, barometric pressure, humidity, and air currents will change the results. For this reason it is necessary that the entire group of liquids, concerning which information is desired, be tested at the same time. Serious errors may be committed in conducting this simple evaporation test. Evaporation figures have been reported that were based on experiments in which only the first 50 per cent of the volatile liquids tested were evaporated. Work of this sort gives valueless results, since practically all commercial solvents and diluents are so impure that they evaporate unevenly.** A factor of evaporation based on the first 50 per cent of material evaporated is no more accurate than a boiling range determination conducted in the same manner. While accurate data on the relative rates of evaporation for solvents and diluents is valuable to the lacquer formulator, care must be taken in attempting to predict the rate of evaporation of a mixture of lacquer liquids from knowledge of the evaporation rates of the component materials. The deviation of solvent mixtures from Raoult’s law is well known. Frequently, the vapor pressure of a solvent mix- * Dr. H. A. Gardner has published a very brief discussion (“Latent Heat of Vaporiza- tion of Lacquer Solvents,” Circular 236, Scientific Section, Paint Mfrs. Assn.) of the factor of latent heat, together with a series of tables showing the comparative temperature drop of solvents during evaporation at room temperature in forced draft. ** For example the esters such as ethyl, butyl, and amyl acetate are sold to the trade in 85% concentration—the remainder being alcohol. In a like manner, diacetone alcohol contains 15% acetone, commercial benzol contains traces of toluol, ete. LACQUER SOLVENTS AND DILUENTS 15 ture is appreciably -higher than Raoult’s law would indicate and the rate of evapora- tion of such mixtures is abnormally high. Occasionally the reverse is true. While intelligent prediction of the approximate volatility of a mixture of lacquer solvents may be made if only well-known materials are employed, there is no substitute for an actual laboratory test, if correct data are desired. In this connection it should be noted that the presence of nitrocellulose and gum in the drying lacquer will also affect the net speed of evaporation.* A gelled or blushed film appears to retain solvent traces for a longer period than a normal one. Opor AND ReEsIpUAL Opor Many lacquer solvents and diluents have prominent odors, and the vapors of these materials are more or less irritating to the nasal passages and lungs. It is only natural, therefore, that a great deal of attention has been paid to the matter of solvent odor. From time to time exaggerated claims have been made for what have been described as “odorless lacquers.” While there are some solvents known which, while not truly odorless, have, nevertheless, mild and pleasant odors, none of these are adapted to become the sole volatile constituent of a lacquer. It matters very little to the user and “inhaler” of lacquer, exactly which volatile ingredient it is that he smells with pleasure or distaste. So long as lacquers are prepared by mixing a number of volatile constituents, no lacquer will be odorless unless its several constituents meet this requirement singly. The principal economy achieved in lacquer formulation consists in adding large quantities of cheap hydro- carbons to the more expensive nitrocellulose solution. Until such time arrives that a volatile hydrocarbon is discovered and manufactured which has desirable properties for lacquer formulation and is, at the same time, non-odorous or of mild pleasant odor, the question of odorless lacquers will remain unsolved. Quite distinct and much more important is the question of residual odor im- parted to lacquer films by volatilized solvents. If chemically pure solvents and diluents were employed, the question of residual odor would be non-existent for the liquid portion of lacquer is intended to disappear completely during evapora- tion. Residual odor is caused almost entirely by the employment of impure solvents. A dry film comprising nitrocellulose, gum, plasticizer, and pigment is not noticeably odorous, and good lacquers are available in large quantity which have no perceptible residual odor. In the case of ester-type solvents, it is usually traces of esters of higher fatty acids, formed from impure acid during esterification—and not removed during rectification—which cause the trouble. In some cases, notably that of ethyl lactate, a part of the odor may be caused by the presence of free acid. SotventT MIXTURES AND SOLVENT BALANCE In the preceding sections of this chapter the characteristics of individual solvents and diluents have been discussed. Commercial lacquers actually consist of complex mixtures of nitrocellulose and gum with solvent and diluent. When proper admix- ture is secured the resultant material is a uniform colloidal dispersion which, in the case of clear lacquers where the effect can best be observed, does not show any * Hans Wolf and Ch. Dorn have discussed this point and presented comparative curves [Farben Ztg., 28, 31-3 (1922)]. 16 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER a sign of cloudiness. The lacquer evaporates uniformly, without any change except that caused by solvent volatilization, and finally forms a clear, tough, adherent, film. When improper admixture of lacquer ingredients occurs, difficulties sometimes arise at the very time of compounding, and on other occasions the material may give no sign of defect until it is applied to a surface and permitted to dry. A solu- tion of nitrocellulose will tolerate the addition of some quantity of a non-solvent, but after a critical point is reached, the addition of further non-solvent may cause a precipitation or gelling of the nitrocellulose. In the same manner, solutions of some gums in hydrocarbons or alcohols will tolerate the addition of a certain quantity of ester (nitrocellulose solvent), but a critical limit of tolerance may be reached in such instances also. It may readily be seen that the amount of cheap diluent that it is possible to add to an expensive nitrocellulose solution to form a lacquer may depend largely on the limit of tolerance of the nitrocellulose solvent for the diluent, and that hence the limit of tolerance (dilution ratio) of a nitrocellulose solvent mixture is indeed an important property. While the amounts of diluents that can be added to lacquers without causing incompatibility or gelling may be readily determined from’a study of the limits of tolerance of the ingredients, it will be remembered that the liquid ingredients of lacquer evaporate at varying rates and that the balance of solvent, diluent, gum, and nitrocellulose may be disturbed during the drying period. If one type of ingredient evaporates much more rapidly than the other, the limit of tolerance of the nitrocellulose solutions for the diluents or of the gum-diluent solution for the solvents may be exceeded at some point during the drying period and a gelling or precipitation may occur. In the industry, this type of phenomenon is known as blush. Such a blush may appear during the drying period but may disappear again before the film has set, in which case it is described as temporary blush. More often, the blush is permanent and a chalky, non-adherent, lusterless film results. Marois’ “Sotvent Power NuMBER” -It is believed that the first systematic work on the tolerance of nitrocellulose solutions for diluents was done by E. W. J. Mardles* during and since the World War, though insofar as the subject is related to theoretical colloid chemistry and the transition of gels to sols there are, of course, earlier references. Most of Mardles work was with cellulose acetate solutions, but some data on nitrocellulose are also reported. Mardles observed that the solubility of cellulose esters varies with the temperature. Apparently each liquid has a critical temperature, below which it is not a solvent for cellulose esters. When a solution of cellulose ester is cooled to the critical temperature, a gelling occurs. Mardles found that the addition of a non-solvent to a solution of cellulose ester had the effect of ravsing the critical temperature until, at length, sufficient non- solvent could be added to cause the solution to gell at room temperature. On the * Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (Brit.), Reports and Memoranda No. 568, “Pre- liminary Report on the Study of Solvents of Nitrocellulose Esters,” Dec., 1918, by E. W. J. Mardles and Assistants; publ. by H. M. Stationery Office. “Study of the Solvents of Some Cellulose Esters,” J. Soc. Chem. Ind., 42, 127 (1923). “The Correlation of Solvent Power and the Viscosity of Cellulose Ester Solutions,” J. Soc. Chem. Ind., 42, 207T (1923). “The Dissolution of Substances in Mixed Liquids with hit Reference to Colloids,” J. Ohem. Soc., 125, 2244 (1924). LACQUER SOLVENTS AND DILUENTS 17 basis of these facts he devised a means for evaluating solvents on the basis of the amount of dilution they would stand at room temperature (20°C). Mardles’ “sol- vent power number” is defined as the number of cubic centimeters of miscible non-solvent (petroleum spirit) required to start precipitation of nitrocellulose from 1 gram of a 5 per cent solution at 20° C. Mardles also reported a close relation between the viscosity of cellulose ester solutions and the “solvent power number” as determined with petroleum spirit. The conclusion was drawn that the best solvent mixture would be the least viscous, since low viscosity indicates a high degree of dispersion. It should be noted, how- ever, that not all solvents with high tolerance values are “rapid” solvents, nor is there actually a very close relation between the solvent power number of a pure nitrocellulose solvent and the viscosity of its solutions. Dilution ratios expressing the limit of tolerance of nitrocellulose solvents for various non-solvents are meeting favor as indices of solvent value and, in fact, are extremely useful to the lacquer formulator. A solvent cannot be evaluated by its evaporation rate alone, since many excellent solvents for nitrocellulose are so intolerant of diluents that the expense of lacquers employing them is prohibitive. The method of determining the dilution ratio (limit of tolerance) of a solvent is extremely simple and consists merely in titrating a nitrocellulose solution until so much non-solvent has been added that the nitrocellulose becomes gelled or pre- cipitated. This determination is adaptable to “back-titration” and if an excess of non-solvent has been added, the mixture may be “brought back” by merely adding a little more of the nitrocellulose solution and retitrating until a sharp end point is reached. The amount of non-solvent tolerated by a nitrocellulose solution varies with the concentration of the solution and, in the past, various experimenters have fallen into the error of comparing dilution ratios of various solvents on the basis of solutions of varying concentration. For example, Davidson [J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 18, 669 (1926)] performed tests on nitrocellulose solutions of initial concentration of ten per cent. While the figures thus obtained are scientifically accurate, it should be noted that, since solvents vary widely in their tolerance for non-solvents, the final mixtures of solvent and non-solvent vary just as widely in their volume and in the consequent concentration of nitrocellulose therein. Secondly, since all dilu- tion ratios vary with the concentration of nitrocellulose, and since the purpose of determining the dilution ratio is to learn the amount of non-solvent that will be tolerated in a completed lacquer, the dilution ratios of real value are those that are determined from mixtures which approximate true lacquers at the time that the end points of the tests are reached.* BLUSH The non-solvent which is the principal cause of blush in drying lacquer films is a material that is not added by the formulator but which is introduced into the lacquer film during the evaporation of the liquids into the air—namely, water. The evaporation of volatile solvents and diluents from a drying lacquer film produces a drop in temperature in the air surrounding the surface of the film on * Brown and Bogin [J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 19, 968 (1927)] have described an improved technique for the determination of dilution ratios and have listed values for the most important solvents. 18 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER account of the absorption of heat by the vaporizing liquids (latent heat of vapori- zation) and this resultant temperature is frequently below the dew point of the air. In such cases, some of the water vapor present in the air near the drying film is deposited in liquid form on the film itself where it may precipitate or coagulate the lacquer and produce a chalky white film of low adherence and tensile strength. This phenomenon, which is analogous to the “sweating” of a pitcher of ice water in warm air, is the cause of much trouble in the industrial application of lacquer. The trouble varies in intensity in accordance with the temperature and humidity of the air, hot humid days naturally causing the most trouble. The remedy for “water blush” is a simple one. It consists in employing a lacquer containing a proportion of high boilers sufficiently great to reduce the rate of evaporation so that the cooling effect of the volatilizing liquids will not be sufficient to cause water to be precipitated from the air. Naturally, the amount of high-boiling solvents required for this purpose will vary with the temperature of the air and its humidity. The high-boiling solvents that are useful as preventatives of blush are also the most expensive ingredients of commercial lacquers, and the types of lacquers employed in industry frequently blush in hot humid weather. However, the better grades of industrial lacquer, and nearly all brush lacquers, contain sufficient high boilers so that they are practically “blush-proof.” Indus- trial lacquers for spray application are frequently sold in combination with a “fortifier’ which, it is directed, should be added to the lacquer during humid weather. This “fortifier” consists of a liquid containing an excess of high-boiling solvents and by its addition a lacquer may be adjusted to prevent water blush. Solvents are frequently rated on their “anti-blush properties.” This may be done by setting up a base lacquer consisting entirely of “low boilers” so that it will blush badly even in a relatively dry and cold atmosphere. To this lacquer, varying proportions of high-boiling solvents are then added, and the minimum proportion of high-boiling solvent required to prevent blush at a stated humidity and tem- perature is determined by experiment. “Blush-testers,” consisting of specially de- signed boxes in which temperature and humidity are carefully controlled, are used for this purpose. While fairly accurate results may be obtained in this method of solvent evalua- tion, the anti-blush properties of a mixture of solvents cannot be predicted from the behavior of these materials when tested separately. It has been shown that the rate of evaporation of a single solvent is but little indication of its behavior in a complex mixture, since it may form mixtures of maximum vapor pressure with other liquids and thus may evaporate more rapidly or more slowly than its evapora- tion rate indicates. Almost any standard lacquer formula will contain several ingredients and there is always the possibility existent that the added high-boiling solvent to be tested will not function alone, but will evaporate largely as a constant evaporating mixture with some other ingredients. ’ A variation of the blushing phenomenon is sometimes observed, in that a blush may appear on a drying film and may then vanish before the film has dried. This occurrence is described as temporary blush and is usually caused by poor solvent balance. For example, a lacquer comprising nitrocellulose dissolved in ethyl acetate containing a very small proportion of extremely high-boiling solvent may evaporate so rapidly, at first, that water may be precipitated on the wet film which then acquires a whitened appearance. In such a case, however, the water may be LACQUER SOLVENTS AND DILUENTS 19 reevaporated from the surface of the film at such a rate that all will have disap- peared while some of the high-boiling solvent still remains in the moist film. The blush will disappear as the water evaporates and the final film will not show a blushed appearance. Cotton BuLusH Cotton blush differs from water blush only in its origin, the appearance of the two phenomena being practically identical. It is caused by an excess of diluents present in the drying film. While the original liquid lacquer may not contain a proportion of diluent over solvent sufficient to exceed the limit of tolerance, the dilution ratios of the solvents present may be exceeded during the drying period if high-boiling diluents are employed in the formula and are not balanced by adding high-boiling solvents. The excess diluents present in such cases will precipitate the nitrocellulose in the still-wet film, and a white, non-adherent, coating will be formed after all of the diluents have evaporated. Properly formulated lacquers have no tendency toward cotton blush and, untike water blush, this phenomenon is capable of definite control since varying atmos- pheric conditions do not deter or aggravate it. Gum BuusH Gum blush is similar in appearance to water blush and cotton blush. It is caused by an excess of gum non-solvents (usually the nitrocellulose solvents) over gum solvents in the drying film. As in the case of cotton blush, the original liquid lacquer may contain a proper balance of solvent and diluent so that both nitro- cellulose and gum are held in solution, yet if due regard is not given to striking a proper balance in the evaporation rates of nitrocellulose solvents and gum solvents, the former may predominate in the drying film to such an extent that the gum will be precipitated. Gum blush is productive of more trouble in lacquer manufacture than both water blush and cotton blush together; for, while the basis of the phenomenon is well understood, corrective measures are not always easy to apply. The most trouble experienced in this connection is with the gums that are soluble only in diluents (hydrocarbons or alcohols). Some lacquer formulators favor the use of small percentages of extremely high-boiling solvents (in the range of 150-180° C.) which evaporate much more slowly than most lacquer liquids. Many such sub- stances are known that are good solvents for nitrocellulose, and lacquers containing no gum or containing only ester-soluble gums can be prepared with these materials. However, when it is desired to employ gums which are best soluble in alcohols or hydrocarbons or mixtures of these two substances, difficulty is experienced in finding a hydrocarbon or alcohol of a correspondingly low evaporation rate (and otherwise suitable for lacquers) that may be added to the lacquer to balance the high-boiling solvent and to prevent gum blush. The remedy for gum blush lies only in providing a proper balance between nitrocellulose solvent and gum solvent in the lacquer so that traces of both ma- terials will still be present in the lacquer film just prior to the final drying and setting. 20 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER EFrrect oF SOLVENTS ON Lacquer APPLICATION In the foregoing sections of this chapter the fundamental considerations involved in the proper selection of solvents and diluents have been discussed, and the neces- sity of securing a correct blending or balancing of solvent properties, evaporation rates, and limits of tolerance has been stressed. Proper attention to the points mentioned will permit the formulation of the liquid portion of lacquer on correct physicochemical principles, and materials thus prepared will satisfy the elementary tests for successful surface-coating materials. It must be remarked, however, that the solvent and diluent portions of lacquer have a profound effect on the character of the final film which is actually formed during their removal. Unlike some of the previously discussed points, no clear explanation exists for some of the effects observed, but experiment has proven their importance. Foremost among the practical difficulties in the spray application of lacquer is a phenomenon which has a most descriptive name—i.e., orange peeling. This effect is best described as a dimpling of the lacquer surface. The dry film has the varie- gated cratered surface which is typical of the skin of citrous fruit and of egg shells. True orange peel is seldom observed in lacquer films applied by brushing or dipping, so that it seems fair to assume that it is caused by the spray gun. Orange peel is an economic waste since, in the automobile finishing art where it is frequently encountered, it is necessary to remove the cratered surface by sand- ing or polishing, with the result that much of the lacquer applied to the surface must be rubbed off again to secure smoothness. It should be remarked that the orange peel surface is by no means unpleasant in appearance. The numerous tiny craters or dimples, which may be observed with the naked eye, serve to reflect light at every angle and the delicately mottled surface may have a distinct ssthetic appeal. However, the public has been educated to expect complete “smoothness” in film appearance. Whatever may be the physical explanation of orange peel, the fact remains that it is a function, both of the technique of spray application and of the char- acter of the lacquer applied. It appears most reasonable to assume that it is caused by the pressure of air in the spray gun against the moist lacquer, and by the impact of tiny droplets of lacquer against the moist but already drying lacquer film. It should be noted that a well formulated lacquer will orange peel if 1m- proper technique is employed in spraying and, on the contrary, a lacquer con- sisting only of cheap low-boiling solvents may be applied without orange peeling if extreme precautions are taken in the handling of the spray gun. In general, it may be stated that lacquers containing only rapidly evaporating solvents (low boilers) are the worst offenders. This is supposedly due to the fact that the lacquer film dries so rapidly that the craters formed on the impact of the droplets do not have an opportunity to level out before the film dries. It may also be accurately stated that a poor lacquer, as previously described, may be improved and its tendency to orange peel may be practically eliminated by reducing its rate of evaporation (7.e., by adding high-boiling solvents and diluents). Again, it appears that the function of the slowly evaporating liquids in preventing orange peel lies in the evaporation rate, the drying of the lacquer being retarded so far beyond the moment when the last spraying occurs that the moist film has an opportunity to level out before drying. Frequently, also, the tendency of a J “Ds om} > LACQUER SOLVENTS AND DILUENTS 21 lacquer to orange peel may be due to its viscosity, and improvement may result by adding more liquid. FLow Orange peel itself is one example of poor flow, since it is caused by the in- ability of the moist lacquer to level out and to automatically eliminate the imper- fections of surface caused by the method of application. However, poor flow is a term widely and, it is feared, ununiformly used in the industry as descriptive of a lacquer of generally unsatisfactory coating qualities. It is extremely. im- probable that the various phenomena thus described have a common origin. Most commonly, poor flow is caused by too great a viscosity in the finished lacquer, and the flow of most lacquers may be improved by slight dilution. Dilu- tion necessitates the use of a higher solvent proportion which is uneconomical and undesirable. For this reason, good flow is ordinarily sought after by using a flow- producing liquid as part of the lacquer formula, and this remedy may be employed without reducing the concentration of the nitrocellulose. No scientific explanation is available to disclose why butanol and fusel oil, incorporated in a lacquer, do greatly improve the flowing properties of the material, but this is the fact. Sur- face tension doubtless plays an important part. Since nitrocellulose of varying viscosities is employed in lacquers, no definite standard may be set up. The more viscous the nitrocellulose, the less can be added to the solvent solution and other ingredients and yet produce a lacquer of a definite low viscosity standard. A variety of application trouble frequently met in applying lacquers is that known as sagging. This is evidenced in the drying film, particularly on vertical surfaces, by the formation of runners or droplets on the surface. Sagging is nearly always due, both in the case of spray application and in brush application, to the use of too thick a unit coat, though lacquers of low viscosity are most apt to sag. Frequently, lacquers having a poor flow assume a mottled uneven appearance during the last stages of drying. There are a number of variations of this surface, depending mainly on the thickness of the film deposited. It may vary from an uneven rippled film very coarse to touch, in the worst cases, down to an almost smooth film which shows only very fine lines, in the best cases. When examined under a microscope, such a film will be seen to consist of a cell structure somewhat resembling “chicken wire.” The film appears to be thinner along these lines, resembling a flat surface intersected by crevices. In the worst cases, the pigment appears to be more concentrated along these lines than in the center of the “cells.” GELLED FILMs In cases where too great a proportion of non-solvent alcohol is employed in lacquer, the resultant film, while showing no perceptible trace of actual blush, will be found to be of very low tensile strength and adherence. This is caused by a gelling of the film which occurs before all of the liquids have evaporated from the surface. It has been aptly called a “transparent blush.” The low adherence of this type of film is due to the fact that the film, previously formed, practically “floats” on top of the liquid portion of the lacquer until evaporation is complete, and no good contact with the undersurface is made. In such a case, the tolerance 22 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER of the lacquer for non-solvent (alcohol) is exceeded during the drying period, and precipitation takes place exactly as in the cases of cotton blush and gum blush. THINNERS Lacquer thinner is presumed to consist of the volatile portion of lacquer alone, and is usually marketed separately from the finished lacquer. In the spray appli- cation of lacquer, thinner is employed to reduce viscosity and concentration prior to application. In both spray application and in brush application, thinner is used for cleaning up equipment, brushes, etc. Brush lacquer put up for retail consumption already contains sufficient volatiles, and there is no occasion for the use of thinner except to replace evaporation losses. The best possible thinner for use with any lacquer consists of the same volatile ingredients that are present in the lacquer, and in the same proportions. For clean- ing up equipment, spray guns, etc., a cheaper solvent mixture, such for example as acetone and benzol, will suffice. The trade tendency is to cheapen thinners as much as possible by employing only low-boiling solvents, and by using large proportions of hydrocarbons. This tendency is to be deplored, since the addition of extra “low boilers” to a carefully balanced solvent formula may cause blush, and additional hydrocarbon may have the same effect. The greatest economy should lie in employing thinners only for actually thinning lacquer, and in using the proper ingredients for such a purpose. “Washing up” may be accomplished with much cheaper mixtures. i = ee tee NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER PATENT ABSTRACTS Unirep STATES PATENTS Thomson, E. & Callan, John Applied—April 24, 1902 Assigned—General Electric Co. US.P—11,997 Reissued Issued—May 27, 1902 | A tough, flexible, difficultly inflam- mable composition consisting of a cel- lulose acetate solution with a softener such as castor oil. Type Formula: Cellulose acetate ......... 100 parts ROMERO ys okies ses + as 5 parts ANON eG ah fendi ls vieiens 2 ales 50 parts Optional Constituents:—Cresol, essen- tial oils, formic cellulose ester, pro- pionic cellulose ester, butyric cellulose ester, benzoic cellulose ester, phenyl- acetic cellulose ester, phenyl-propionic cellulose ester, oleic cellulose ester, angelic cellulose ester. Bachrach, David Applied—Aug. 25, 1910 US.P—13,793 RI. Issued—Sept. 1, 1914 Pyroxylin composition is made non- inflammable by precipitation in it of silicic acid by addition of silicate salts, or esters and an acid. Type Formula: Methy] silicate Pyroxylin Acid to convert to silicate Calcium carbonate to neutralize Optional Constituents:—Ethyl silicate, amy] silicate. e@eoeseereeoeeee ee ee eeoreeee eer ees ee ee eee ee Hoffman, Henry US.P.—18,338 Issued—Oct. 6, 1857 Fluid bronze composition composed of bronze powder, collodion and spirits of turpentine. Optional Constituents:—Castor oil. 23 Johnston, A. K. & Dow, L. U.S.P.—35,687 | Issued—June 24, 1862 A composition for waterproofing cartridges, obtained by treating veg- etable matter, such as cotton, flax, sugar, with nitric or nitric and sul- phuric acids and dissolving the prod- uct in alcohol and ether. Optional Constituents:—Potassium chlo- rate, potassium nitrate, petroleum, paraffin, turpentine. Seely, Charles A. Applied— US.P.—79,261 Issued—June 23, 1868 Nitro-glucose is added to solutions of collodion for the purpose of ob- taining tougher and more flexible films. Ely, Alfred B. US.P.—88,948 Issued—April 13, 1869 The use of pyroxylin and its com- pounds in the manufacture of cart- ridge cases. Type Formula: Pyrosvine- fit .e tes 20-24 parts VY Bi Nites wh ctaiscabia ge oe ates 5- 7 parts IVETE Lia Nace anc stes ean ss 3— 5 parts Solvents Optional Constituents:—Oils, gums, resins, Hyatt, J. W. & Blake, David Applied— US.P.—89,582 Issued—May 4, 1869 A plastic made by combining col- lodion with an inert matter. 24 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER Type Formula: Chr tVEEON oe pas ce ow aes 1 Ib. PIBVGC IG cies vita 0a +t eee ee 3 lbs Alcohol Ether equal parts Optional Constituents:—Paper-flock, as- bestos. Spill, Daniel Applied— US.P—91,377 Issued—June 15, 1869 Composition of matter containing xyloidine, camphor, paraffin or similar substance and a non-volatile solvent such as linseed oil. Pigments may be present. Type Formula: Camimhor has «snes 18 parts wt. Linseed ol .5 syes tena 44 parts wt. PRVIORCING Gt Soe chase 38 parts wt. Optional Constituents:—Vegetable tar, mineral tar, lard oil, cod liver oil, heavy coil oil, paraffin, resins, fat, wax, India rubber, gutta-percha, balata gum. Spill, Daniel Applied— US.P.—91,378 Issued—June 15, 1869 Composition of matter for insulating telegraph wires consisting of xyloidine, a non-volatile solvent and resin. Optional Constituents:—Oils, resins, tar, asphalt, pigments, gutta percha, par- affin. Whitehouse, Edward O. W. Applied— US.P.—91,393 Issued—June 15, 1869 Insulating material for telegraph wires consisting of gun-cotton, alcohol, ether and an oily substance. Type Formula: Gun-cotton, Alcohol, Ether, Asphalt. Optional Constituents:—Resins, tar, pig- ments. Connor, Dan A. Applied— U.S.P.—92,269 Issued—July 6, 1869 Use of collodion solutions in finish- ing of hats. Spill, Daniel Applied— U.S.P.—97,454 Issued—Nov. 30, 1869 Composition of matter consisting of xyloidine, castor oil, camphor and alcohol. The incorporation of nitro- cellulose non-solvents such as hydro- carbons, in nitrocellulose solutions in camphor oil. Type Formula: Xyloidine -.<\iseseuneene 27 parts wt Castor oil -i oun 27 parts wt Camphor | i525) cet 6 parts wt Solvents (alcohol) ..... 40 parts wt. Optional Constetuents:—Camphor oil, hydrocarbons, residual products from distillation of coal, shale, ete., carbon bisulphide, aldehyde, lard oil, cod liver oil, tar oil, paraffine, resins, fat, wax. See also U.S.P. 91,377. Spill, Daniel Applied— US.P.—101,175 Issued—March 22, 1870 ‘Composition of matter consisting of xyloidine, solvent and pigment. Nitro- cellulose may be dyed during manu- facture and then employed in plastic masses. Type Formula: Ayloidine:. .sccceweeneeeeeee 1 part Solvent (see U.S.P. 97,454).. 5 parts Optional Constituents:—Pigments. Fillion, O. E. Applied— U.S.P.—102,798 Issued—May 10, 1870 Composition of matter used in manufacturing of artificial flowers con- sisting of collodion, turpentine, and glycerine. Type Formula: Collodion.: -..:j:0meeeee 100 parts wt. Castor oil....s.. see 12 parts wt. Glycerine: -..3 aye ee 2 parts wt. Optional Constituents:—Venetian tur- pentine, potassium arsenite, aniline dyes. UNITED STATES PATENTS 25 Winter, Robert Applied— US.P.—104,241 Issued—June 14, 1870 A coating for photographs consisting of collodion to which, after drying, varnish is added. Hyatt, John & Hyatt, Isiah Applied— U.S.P.—105,338 Issued—July 12, 1870 Composition of matter consisting of pyroxylin and camphor, liquified by heating. Type Formula: Pyroxlin 2 parts wt. RPMI oer Gas ae cee ss 1 part wt. Optional Constituents:—Pigments, dyes. eoceceeewe eee eee ee Minor, Peter E. Applied— US.P.—112,370 Issued—March 7, 1871 A water-proof composition consist- ing of collodion, Venice turpentine, castor oil, glycerine and shellac. Type Formula: RO eo ee 0 es ans uv 8 30 parts Venice turpentine ......... 1 part OS RE ae 1 part Shellac (in alcohol) ......: 2 parts PSI ORTIG vin ok 5 ch vay eiws os 1 part Optional Constituents:—Coloring mat- ter. Harris, John H. Applied— U.S.P.—126,698 Issued—May 14, 1872 Composition of matter consisting of collodion and gum shellac or rubber, for coating cigar tips. Newton, Marcellus Applied— U. S. P.—128,416 Issued—June 25, 1872 Cotton is dissolved by first adding alcohol and then “sulfuric ether.” Babcock, J.; Leonard, Wm. & Crane, E. Applied— U.S.P.—136,953 Issued—March 18, 1873 A composition of matter for coating matches, consisting of collodion solu- tion, gum copal, camphor and olive oil. Type Formula: Collodion cotton ....... 480 grains Crrrogéopal. ooo eck 200 grains Gatnbhory scons: a 80 grains OlimeeOtl 065 acc «vies x eR small amount Rotter, Charles Applied—May 5, 1873 US.P.—139,333 Issued—May 27, 1873 A bronze varnish composed of mica silver, collodion and an aniline dye. Type Formula: Woes ever 2 26 ee % oz Ciear= eoliodion( 2. 0, 3 OZ. Dye Optional Constituents:—Aurosit, aniline yellow, curcumine, aniline. Gray, George & Gray, Robert Applied—March 13, 1874 U.S.P.—149,216 Issued—March 31, 1874 A compound for waterproofing tex- tile fabrics and other materials, made of collodion and a solution of India- rubber in castor oil. Miscibility is at- tained by adding ether. Type Formula: Tnens-rubber 0s ee alee 1 oz. COLUGUION » sae pa eae oh 2 OZ. AC WHILE isis a ee ene 4 oz. CSAGLOR OL cee hhh: pei or 8 oz. Sulphate.of gine «.... 5. esc 1 oz Smith, Daniel D. Applied—March 2, 1874 U.S.P.—150,722 Issued—May 12, 1874 A plastic mass for imitation corals, consisting of gun-cotton, gum copal, alcohol, stannic chloride, gum shellac, ether, gold chloride, magnesium oxide, stannous chloride and mercury oxide with added coloring matter, Type Formula: Gun-sottons7 ai. Reese 24 parts Ghumn copaluasicvekisin. sees ou 5 parts Aleohol, o.. clk, gx aol te 10 parts 26 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER Type Formula—Continued: Stannic chloride ........... Yq part Crum shelling cidc./ . voaeee os 1 part TOPOT Sek be o5/e aa sein wate 20 parts Gold perchloride .......... Yq part Magnesium oxide ..... Mat: he! Stannous chloride ......... yo part Mercury oxide ............ 1 part Coloring matter Starr, Alfred Applied—March 5, 1874 US.P.—158,188 Issued—Dec. 29, 1874 A water-proof varnish formed by adding paraffine dissolved in ether to cotton dissolved in ether and then adding solvents such as naphtha or benzine. Optional Constituents:—Cologne spirits, neats-foot oil, castor oil, linseed oil. Dorr, Henry L. Applied—Jan. 18, 1875 U.S.P.—160,010 Issued—Feb. 23, 1875 A compound consisting of collodion, gum-shellac, and gum-sandarach used for fitting or sizing wood preparatory to varnishing. Type Formula: . Collodion -3'.n sua aecr eae 4 parts Gum-shellae:o.. ie5a cee ee 3 parts Gum-sandarach ............ 1 part Fell, Ambrose Applied—March 31, 1875 Assigned—Wm. Phelps and Wm. Smith US.P.—170,360 Issued—Nov. 23, 1875 Use of nitrocellulose, precipitated in the pores of paper by interaction with lead acetate to produce vegetable parchment. Jacob, Charles Applied—Oct. 24, 1876 U.S.P.—190,865 Issued—May 15, 1877 A composition for producing bottle closures, composed of pyroxylin, alco- hol, ether and gutta-percha to which powdered bronze or a dye is added. Type Formula: Pyroxylin ....s:sclsceess eee 25% Alcohol and ether ............ 75% Gutta-percha’. .:s..9 901 2% Optional Constituents:—Bronze, gilt, coloring matter. Hyatt, John W. Applied—Jan. 21, 1878 U.S.P.—209,570 Issued—Nov. 5, 1878 An ebony varnish of the composition indicated below, which can be applied without causing swelling or expansion of the fiber to which it is applied. Type Formula: Pyroxylin =. J\aiealeeeeee 4 parts Alcohols |; lyase eee 37 parts Extract of Logwood ........ 7 parts Tincture of muriate of iron 8 parts Optional Constituents:—Methylic spirit, shellac, alcoholic solutions of resins, alcoholic solutions of gums, spirits of camphor. Cunningham, R. US.P.—225,802 Issued—March 23, 1880 Decorative surfaces which have pre- viously been coated with copal var- nish, are covered with collodion to give them gloss. Jacob, Charles Applied—April 22, 1880 U.S.P.—234,675 Issued—Nov. 23, 1880 A lacquer using creosote from beech tar as a plasticizer. Rosin is added to thicken the coating and impart brilliancy. Type Formula: Either ©... 00.02 50 parts Alcohol °.....s¢e0 seem 50 parts Pyroxylin. ..sc. 55 10-15 parts Wood creosote ......... 8-10% Linseed oil boiled with black oxide of man- ganese . .4../s, sone . small amount Rosin. 2.1. 24 10% Optional Constituents:—Methylene, ani- line dyes, bronze or other metal pow- der, 10-15%. UNITED STATES PATENTS 27 Lockwood, Charles S. Applied—Feb. 14, 1881 U.S.P.—246,891 Issued—Sept. 13, 1881 The addition of chloral to pyroxy- lin containing camphor prevents the precipitation of the latter. Type Formula: Pyroxylin ohalaps Oh a 5— 20 parts Serra MOK ets che-y sla ce's 0's 100 parts Optional Constituents:—Chloral hydrate. Carpenter, Wm. B. Applied—April 27, 1881 US.P.—251,410 Issued—Dec. 27, 1881 A paper made from asbestos and plastic waterproof, simple or com- pound substance, such as celluloid, lignoid, coroline, shellac, resin, or gums. Celluloid and asbestos are shredded in water and fabricated into paper. After formation, hot rolls or solvents are used to thoroughly dis- perse the celluloid through the mass. Optional Constituents:—Alcohol, tur- pentine. McCaine, Wm. Applied—Nov. 17, 1881 Assigned—Helen J. McCaine US.P.—262,077 Issued—Aug. 1, 1882 Composition of matter consisting of alcohol, oil of cassia and pyroxylin. Use of cassia oil as a latent solvent. Type Formula: Pyterygin fae. thee. is 10 parts wt. CALE WUE pe ine ra 8 parts wt. Oil OL CASSIA: ... ae. ees 2 parts wt. Optional Constituents:—Benzine, ben- zol, volatile products from petroleum, coal-shale or other bituminous sub- stances, or spirits of turpentine. Col- oring matter. Parkes, Henry Applied—Nov. 21, 1881 U.S.P—265,337 Tssued—Oct. 3, 1882 A pyroxylin solvent composed of camphor with carbon tetrachloride, or carbon bisulphide, or sulphurous acid. Other solvents and materials may be used with this solvent mixture. Type Formula: Br rchn) 00) eee eae ee ee Carbon tetrachloride ...... 100 parts Optional Constituwents:—Carbon _bisul- fide, sulfurous acid, gums, resins, oils, dyes, alcohol, spirits of wine, wood naphtha, ether, benzoline, gasoline, pigments. See also Eng. Pat. 1865, May 10, 1879; Fr. Pat. 132,495, Sept. 2, 1879; Belg. Pat. 56,230, Nov. 14, 1881. Stevens, John H., Applied—June 12, 1882 Assigned—Celluloid Mfg. Co. U.S.P.—269,340 Issued—Dec. 19, 1882 The use of a class of active solvents for pyroxylin. Type Formula: Pyroxylin Solvents 2 parts Optional Constituents:—Methy] nitrate, butyric ether, valeric ether, benzoic ether, formic ether, methyl salicylate, amyl formate, amyl acetate, amyl butyrate, amyl valerianate, sebacylic ether, oxalic ether, amylic ether, oxid- ized wood alcohol, oil of cherry, oil of laurel, heavy cinnamon oil, oil of melissa, oil of birch tar, oil of penny- royal. eooeceeeeee*F eee ee eee eecreeoeeeeeoere eee ee oe Stevens, John H. Applied—June 12, 1882 US.P.—269,341 Issued—Dec. 19, 1882 An improvement in the pyroxylin art consisting of the use of a new series of latent solvents. Type Formula: PyVOSyiiiers. sobaccree ees 2 parts wt. Oil of caraway seed ..... 1 part wt. AIGOHOIS SRF ae ees eee: 2 parts wt. Optional Constituents:—Oil of hyssop, oil of sage, oil of tansy, oil of cloves, oil of wintergreen, coloring matter. Stevens, John H. Applied—June 12, 1882 Assigned—Celluloid Mfg. Co. U.S.P.—269,342 Issued—Dec. 19, 1882 28 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER The use of dinitrobenzene and of coumarine as latent solvents for pyro- xylin is claimed. Type Formula: Pyrorviin’® i. \<5 Caves 10 parts wt Dinitro-benzene ..... 5 parts wt PLOOROR 4 «bokeh sa Wen 4-10 parts wt. Optional Constituents: — Coumarine, wood naphtha. Stevens, John H. Applied—June 12, 1882 Assigned—The Celluloid Mfg. Co. US.P.—269,343 | Issued—Dec. 19, 1882 The use of a new class of volatile solvents in pyroxylin plastics is claimed. Type Formula: PV BORY LID: | iki. Fewitelates 10 parts wt. COM POT serene a 6 wee 6 parts wt. IADOEGDG.- ccs bees ses 6— 8 parts wt. Coloring matter Optional Constituents:—Ethyl acetate, > methyl acetate, fusel oil, oil of cha- momile, oil of fennel seed, oil of pal- marosa, oil of worm seed. Stevens, John H. Applied—June 24, 1882 Assigned—The Celluloid Mfg. Co. US.P.—269,344 Issued—Dec. 19, 1882 Fusel oil, a non-solvent for pyro- xylin has certain uses in pyroxylin plastic manufacture, and its use, in combination with pyroxylin and pyro- xylin solvents listed below (Optional Constituents) is claimed. Type Formula: Proxy) oh. bie, ase. 4 parts wt. Buse Ol 2 vs de ewe 3 parts wt. CHI OT AYVSSOD” 3.5 0 1 eke 2-3 parts wt. Optional Constituents:—Oil of sage, oil of tansy, oil of worm seed, oil of fen- nel seed, oil of cloves, light oil of cin- namon, oil of anise, oil of sassafras, oil of chamomile, oil of wintergreen, oil of caraway seed, oil of dill, acetal, amyl nitrate, amyl nitrite, coloring matter. Stevens, John H. Applied—June 24, 1882 Assigned—The Celluloid Mfg. Co. US.P.—269,345 Issued—Dec. 19, 1882 A mixture, with 95% alcohol, of the essential oils and other materials listed below (See Optional Constit- uents) causes the mixture to become a pyroxylin solvent, which is claimed. Type Formula: Pyroxylin: 3c. eee 4 parts wt Aleohol 2.49550 3 parts wt. Acetal 2.1.1. cneeeee 2-3 parts wt. Optional Constituents:—Amyl nitrate, amyl nitrite, oil of chamomile, oil of valerian, oil of golden rod, oil of sas- safras, oil of anise, oil of cumin, oil of cynae ether, oil of dill, oil of ele- campane, oil of fennel seed, oil of eucalyptus, oil of fennel chaff, oil of wine, oil of myrtle, oil of laurel, oil of marjoram, oil of peppermint, oil of rue, oil of cinnamon leaves, oil of pal- marosa, oil of rosemary, oil of erige- ron, light oil of cinnamon, heavy oil of worm seed, coloring matter. Moore, Frank Applied—July 30, 1883 U.S.P.—284,970 Issued—Sept. 11, 1883 Composition of matter for insulating electric wire, consisting of gutta per- cha, coal tar and collodion. Type Formula: Gutta-percha ... ...:.. 5 70% Coal tar .......0) 059 eee 25% Colledion °. 30; fa eee 5% Optvonal Constituents: — Chloroform, naphtha. McCaine, Daniel and David Applied—June 9, 1883 US.P.—286,212 Issued—Oct. 9, 1883 _ Pyroxylin plastics are prepared by Incorporating various resins with gela- tinized pyroxylin by means of suitable solvents. ; Type Formula: Alcohol... ..25.0 eee 1 gal. Resin: .... 22. 2 eee 2-6 oz. Pyroxylin .. :.....¢.5ee a Benzine. ..«.,.55 a0 UNITED STATES PATENTS 29 Wilson, Wm: Virgo Applied-——Jan. 4, 1884 U.S.P.—294,557 Issued—March 4, 1884 Insulating material consisting of a mixture of nitro-cellulose and wood tar, consolidation being induced by use of alcohol. Various fillers may be added: Type Formula: NOMINEE ee ests a foes 200 parts Nitrocellulose solution .... 100 parts Optional Constituents:—Vegetable tar, methyl alcohol, mineral naphtha, ba- rium sulphate, chalk, talc, calcium sul- phate, alumina, magnesia, zinc oxide, silica. Wood, Wm. & Stevens, John Applied—March 11, 1884 Assigned—Celluloid Mfg. Co. U.S.P.—297,098 Issued—April 15, 1884 A process of enameling which con- sists in causing the adhesion to the surface to be enameled of a sheet of material the base of which is pyroxy- lin, by first coating the surface with a suitable cement containing an oxid- izible or drying oil; second drying the cement, and, third, attaching the pyroxylin sheet by heat and pressure. Nash, Wm. H. Applied—Jan. 15, 1884 U.S.P.—304,229 Issued—Aug. 26, 1884 A composition used on artificial leather consisting of ether, oil, alco- hol, nitrocellulose and camphor. Reagles, Isaac V. Applied—Nov. 19, 1883 Assigned—Isaac Fuller & Wm. Fish U.S.P.—311,203 Issued—Jan. 27, 1885 A waterproofing composition con- sisting of wood alcohol, castor-oil, camphor-gum, pyroxylin and pulver- ized gum shellac. Type Formula: WVG0G “RIGOnO! Po. 5. 1 gal ES 5 aa 1 |b. SOIPITVONMETITO. 1. ees ets ase 1 Ib. Sr te oe was Peale site 1 lb. Gume-shellac ................ Y% |b Optional Constituents:—Coloring mat- ter. Schmalz, Francois Applied—Aug. 13, 1884 U.S.P.—313,245 Issued—March 3, 1885 A composition consisting of gun- cotton, ether, alcohol and castor oil, is used for coating clock dials. Type Formula: MINGP Bete Gare cs 1 part Alcano e+. acess ort 1 part Gun-corpauh: aun. . i wastes Yo part Mastorious. £4 sone’. ae .... 4-10 drops Forster, Max Von. Applied—Dec. 11, 1884 US.P.—315,357 Issued—April 7, 1885 Ethyl acetate is applied to frag- ments of nitrocellulose used for ex- plosives, whereupon a temporary so- lution of the nitrocellulose on the out- side of the fragment occurs. On evaporation an impervious protective film is formed. See also Ger. Pat. 23,808, March 9, 1883; Ger. Pat. 26,014, July 31, 1883; Ital. Pat. XVII 5774, Aug. 20, 1883; Aust. Hung. Pat. 33 and 2486, Dec. 13, 1883. Jarvis, J. G. Applied—July 22, 1885 Assigned—American Zylonite Co. US.P.—329,313 Issued—Oct. 27, 1885 Gum dammar, to which is added a little alcohol, serves as a latent sol- vent for pyroxylin in plastic indus- try. Oils or pigments may be added. Type Formula: ByPORyiin ty eas cen ks 100 parts CGiim-resinaee ee ns so aes 40 parts (AsbOr-Olb ac. cease sine 10- 50 parts Optional Constituents:—Wood alcohol, grain alcohol, fixed oils (castor, cotton seed), volatile oils (lavender, cloves), zinc oxide, chrome yellow, aniline dyes. Wilson, Wm. Virgo Applied—Oct. 15, 1885 US.P.—340,026 Issued—April 138, 1886 30 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER A lacquer consisting of nitrocellu- lose, amyl acetate and castor oil (for varnishing walls and wall paper). Optional Constitwents:—Amyl alcohol, linseed oil. Wilson, Wm. Virgo & Storey, J. Applied—Oct. 15, 1885 US.P.—352,726 Issued—Nov. 16, 1886 Composition for artificial leather, consisting of nitrocellulose, amyl ace- tate, castor-oil and a pigment, Type Formula: OE SCCTALE he okt aus cit 600 parts Nitroeelhilose .< o.. 5 so te 200 parts Ries 15 ue Dal A oe Se 300 parts Optional Constituents:—China clay. See also Eng. Pat. 6051, April 7, 1884; Fr. Pat. 162,965, June 25, 1884; Belg. P. 65,624, June 28, 1884; Ital. P. XVIII, 17,146, Sept. 30, 1884; Ital. P. XXXIV, 162, Sept. 30, 1884; Can. P. 21,473, April 20, 1885. McClelland, John A. Applied—May 24, 1884 Assigned—Emil Kipper US.P.—366,231 Issued—July 12, 1887 Kauri gum is used in place of cam- phor in preparing a plastic composi- tion with pyroxylin. Optional Constituents:—Gum dammar, coloring matter, pigments, oils (fixed or volatile), saccharine matter, wood alcohol. Amend, Otto P. Applied—May 11, 1887 US.P.—371,021 Issued—Oct. 4, 1887 A pyroxylin solvent consisting of the amyl chloracetates. Type Formula: Amyl alcohol Aceticlatid ey eo oes Free chlorine. eeeeeceer ees eeee Amend, Otto P. Applied—May 4, 1887 US.P—372,100 Issued—Oct. 25, 1887 A pyroxylin solvent obtained by the treatment of amyl alcohol with free chlorine. Such a mixture includes amyl chloride, amyl chloral, mono- chlorvaleraldehyde, and dichlorvaleral- dehyde. Requa, Leonard F. Applied—April 25, 1887 Assigned—Safety Insulated Wire & Cable Co. US.P.—375,952 Issued—January 3, 1888 A pyroxylin-camphor composition forms part of a wire insulation. Optional Constituents: Aniline dye. Field, Walter D. Applied—August 13, 1887 US.P—381,354 Tssued—April 17, 1888 As solvents for pyroxylin there are used the acetates of the lower boiling alcohols contained in fusel oil. Vari- ous lacquers are specified. Type Formula: Propyl & Butyl acetate .... 4 gals. Benzine.. .7...sesenene eee 4 gals. Methyl ‘alcohol. .275.80ee 2 gals Pyroxylin 27 eee 2% lbs Optional Constituents:—Volatile oils, petroleum naphtha, coal naphtha, spirits of turpentine, methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, acetone, ethyl ether. Todd, Edmund N. Applied—Jan. 22, 1887 U.S.P.—384,005 Issued—June 5, 1888 * Balsam of tolu is used as a plasti- cizer in preparing lacquers and plas- tics. Ordinary volatile nitrocellulose solvents are employed in addition ta the plasticizer. Type Formula: Nitrocellulose +... <...esieshee Balsam of toluw cwsillas sue 1 part Optional Constituents:—Amyl acetate, Balsam of Peru, Balsam of copaiba. Schupphaus, Charles Applied—Oct. 14, 1886 Assigned—American Zylonite Co. U.S.P.—410,204 Issued—Sept. 3, 1889 Propyl and _ iso-butyl alcohol are solvents for pyroxylin, in conjunction UNITED STATES PATENTS 31 with camphor. The mixture may be used for lacquers or plastics. Schupphaus, Charles R. Applied—Dec. 20, 1888 Assigned—American Zylonite Co. U.S.P.—410,205 Issued—Sept. 3, 1889 Anthraquinone in combination with alcohol is a solvent for pyroxylin giv- ing a vellow lacquer or varnish. Schupphaus, Charles R. Applied—Dec. 20, 1888 Assigned—American Zylonite Co. U.S.P.—410,206 Issued—Sept. 3, 1889 Isovaleric aldehyde, amylidene- dimethyl ether, and amylidene diethyl ether are solvents for pyroxylin. Lacquers are prepared by adding vola- tile solvents. Schupphaus, Charles Applied—Dec. 20, 1888 Assigned—American Zylonite Co. U.S.P—410,207 Issued—Sept. 3, 1889 Alpha and beta naphthol in alco- holic solutions are solvents for pyro- xylin. Schupphaus, Charles Applied—Dec. 20, 1888 Assigned—American Zylonite Co. U.S.P.—410,208 Issued—Sept. 3, 1889 The acetates of glycerol are solvents for pyroxylin, Together with volatile solvents, they form lacquers. Schupphaus, Charles R. Applied—Dec. 20, 1888 Assigned—American Zylonite Co. U.S.P.—410,209 Issued—Sept. 3, 1889 Palmitine and stearone in alcoholic solution are solvents for pyroxylin. Other volatile solvents in an admix- ture with the above may be employed to produce lacquers. Reichenbach, Henry Applied—April 9, 1889 Assigned—Eastman Dry Plate and Film Co. U.S.P.—417,202 Issued—Dec. 10, 1889 A composition for photographic films, consisting of nitrocellulose, camphor in methyl] alcohol, fusel oil and amyl acetate. Type Formula: , WNitrocellulose 7428, te. 9000 grains (aniphoracn went ok eeabieke 5400 grains Methyl. alcohol ......... 112 oz. Buse] SGtle Gravatt eens 28 oz. Amyl acetate ........... 7 OZ Reinherz, Therese Applied—July 18, 1889 US.P.—417,284 Issued—Dec. 17, 1889 Natural flowers are preserved by a coating containing collodion, glycer- ine, paraffine, resin, caoutchouc and wax. See also—Luxemburg P 846, May 38, 1887; Eng. Pat. 6,547, May 4, 1887; Belg. Pat. 77,309, May 16, 1887; Belg. Pat. 81,115, March 31, 1887; Ital. P. 21,840, July 23, 1887; Aust. Hung. P. 22,419, Oct. 14, 1887; Aust. Hung. P. 49,212, Oct. 14, 1887. Field, Walter D. Applied—Nov. 30, 1888 U.S.P.— 422,195 Issued—Feb. 25, 1890 A pyroxylin lacquer consisting of amyl acetate, amyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, pyroxylin and shellac, the lat- ter on account of its adhesive proper- ties. Type Formula: Ajoy! acetate done, sus sues 60 gals. Aryl slcohols. Jo... sb. 30 gals. Methyiisioohol< 3... sca.aten ‘7 gals. PYPORV ass asia. anette as 25 Ibs. Shellac in methyl alcohol.... 3 gals. Todd, Edmund N. Applied—July 8, 1889 Assigned—Celluloid Varnish Co. U.S.P.—428,654 Issued—May 27, 1890 A plastic composition consisting of methyl acetate, amyl acetate, fusel oil, ‘oil of camphor and pyroxylin, in the form of sheets or films for photo- graphic purposes. 32 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER Type Formula: Pycoeerin iss: Sted scare eee Y% Ib Methyl acetate o's Sea dgrana es artim aie age 1 gal Fusel oil Oil of camphor Optional Constituents:—Camphor. Field, Walter D. Applied—Nov. 30, 1888 U.S.P.—434,330 Issued—Aug. 12, 1890 A varnish consisting of amyl ace- tate, spirits of turpentine, methyl al- cohol, pyroxylin and shellac. Type Formula: Amy] acetate ............ 50 gals Spirits of turpentine...... 25 gals Methyl alcohol .......... 25 gals. SISTURY Lt ey ae stostale te 37% lbs. CGH BR da hon oy ew ere 37% Ibs. Optional Constituents:—Methyl acetate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate, cedar oil, rosin, copal, sandarac. Akester, Wm. H. Applied—June 26, 1890 U.S.P.—445,528 Issued—Feb. 3, 1891 A composition for frosting glass, containing gun-cotton, amyl acetate and kaolin or other like silicate of alumina or gypsum, Todd, Edmund N. Applied—April 25, 1888 Assigned—The Celluloid Mfg. Co. U.S.P.—450,264 Issued—April 14, 1891 A solvent for pyroxylin is obtained by distilling a mixture composed of fusel oil, benzine and acetic acid. Perret, Frank Applied—May 21, 1889 Assigned—The Elektron Mfg. Co. US.P.—461,272 Issued—Oct. 13, 1890 An insulating lacquer for wires con- sisting of collodion, glycerine and a natural gum soluble in collodion. Optional Constituents:—Shellac, gutta- percha, Goldsmith, B. B. Applied—May 11, 1891 US.P.—463,039 Issued—Noy. 10, 1891 A combination of pyroxylin and resin varnish for lead pencils. Type Formula: Collodion, Amyl acetate, Benzine, Acetone, Shellac. Optional Constituents:—Alcohol, cam- phor. Seher, August Applied—Dec. 28, 1891 US.P.—470,451 Issued—March 8, 1892 Various solvents for pyroxylin are proposed, such as higher ketones: pro- pion, butyron or valeron. Type Formula: Butyron wi acwaaees eee 2 parts wt. Pyroxylinizg. oe 2 parts wt. Optional Constituents:—Propion, val- eron, capron, methylethyl ketone, methyl propyl ketone, methyl butyl ketone, methyl valeryl ketone, ethyl butyl ketone, methyl amyl ketone, wood spirits, acetone, ethyl alcohol. Hale, Julia Applied—Aug. 13, 1887 US.P—471,422 Issued—March 22, 1892 A non-corrosive metal lacquer con- sisting of pyroxylin and neutral, vola- tile and anhydrous liquids. Type Formula: Amy] acetate a. sectueeasae 4 gals. Bendine os Ree 4 gals. Acetone. « ..sid Gp ee eee - 2 gals. Pyroxylin ...:...2.5 25 parts wt. isele ost r33 Goss poe, 25 parts wt. Siltuniewicidesyosuk er. 25 parts wt. 12% parts wt. Optional Constituents:—Amyl] alcohol, other acids. Paget, Leonard Applied—Feb. 3, 1893 Assigned—Egyptian Lacquer Mfg. Co. US.P.—494,792 Issued—April 4, 1893 A diluent for a wood alcohol solu- tion of pyroxylin is obtained by dis- tilling a mixture of fusel oil, grain al- cohol and sulfuric acid with the sup- posed formation of an amyl ethyl ether. Type Formula: Husel? clay eeeesee es 34 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER Paget, Leonard Applied—February 3, 1893 Assigned—Egyptian Lacquer Mfg. Co. US.P.—494,793 Issued—April 4, 1893 A solvent of low medium volatility for pyroxylin is obtained by distilling together fusel oil, methyl alcohol and sulfuric acid, with the supposed for- mation of a mixed ether. Type Formula: ullitte Sid. « adled won 25 parts wt. Gram alcohol 2. v.¢.+-4- 15 parts wt. Wood alcohol .......... 10 parts wt. Riel toil eee oe ns ks 50 parts wt. Paget, Leonard Applied—March 1, 1893 Assigned—Egyptian Lacquer Mfg. Co. US.P.— 495,263 Issued—April 11, 1893 A mixture of fusel oil, methyl] alco- hol, benzine is, after dehydration with calcium chloride, distilled with acetic acid and a good solvent for pyroxylin is thereby obtained. Type Formula: Fusel 04.) 266 & foe 5-8 vols VW OOd BICONOL 2 cy) seen 2-5 vols. Herning “s-7 a wwewen vee 1-2 vols. ACeIC. Abid oo see te oe s 2 vols. Optional Constituents:—Ethyl alcohol, benzol, oil of turpentine, and in a lacquer—shellac and. pyroxylin. Borgmeyer, Charles Applied—May 18, 18938 US.P.—502,546 Issued—August 1, 1893 Oil of lemongrass is a good solvent for pyroxylin, in plastic masses and is used with diluents such as methyl al- cohol, amyl acetate, or fusel oil. A solution of pyroxylin in oil of lemon- grass will stand dilution with equal volume of benzine plus volume of methyl alcohol. Lacquer composition claimed specifically. Type Formula: PyTOKyiih |. ape eee 1 part wt Oil of Lemongrass ..... 1 part wt Aroyl acetates jo. eases 20 parts wt. Grain alcohol ..... APE Vid sage: Optional Constituents:—Oleum andro- pogon citrati. Borgmeyer, Charles Applied—May 25, 1893 U.S.P.—s02,547 Issued—August 1, 1893 Oil of cedar leaf, either alone or in presence of fusel oil or ethyl alcohol, is a good solvent for pyroxylin. So- lution—per se—is claimed. Type Formula: Pyroxylin Oil cedar leaf Amyl alcohol. Borgmeyer, Charles L. Applied—May 18, 1893 US.P.—502,921 Issued—Aug. 8, 1893 Synthetic oil of cassia is a better sol- vent for pyroxylin than the natural product. Solution—per se—claimed. Type Formula: Pyroxylin Synthetic oil of cassia. Borgmeyer, Charles L. Applied—May 25, 1893 U.S.P.—503,401 Issued—Aug. 15, 1893 Oil of hemlock, worm-wood, car- away chaff, savin, cajeput or spruce, ‘in conjunction with ethyl alcohol, is a good pyroxylin solvent. None are solvents—per se. Type Formula: Pyroxylin dissolved gredients., Borgmeyer, Charles L. Applied—May 25, 1893 U.S.P.—503,402 Issued—August 15, 1893 Oil of ginger, bay, clove buds, cit- ronella (all with ethyl alcohol) and oil of sandal-wood and cubebs (with- out ethyl alcohol) are solvents for pyroxylin. Type Formula: Pyroxylin is dissolved in above in- gredients. Borgmeyer, Charles L. Applied—May 29, 1893 U.S.P.—504,905 Issued—Sept. 12, 1893 Artificial oils of tansy, and of pep- in above in- . UNITED STATES PATENTS 35 permint are solvents, alone or with fusel oil or ethyl alcohol. Artificial oils of red thyme and of sassafras are solvents for pyroxylin in conjunction with ethyl alcohol. Type Formula: Pyroxylin dissolved in gredients. above in- Paget, Leonard Applied—August 3, 1893 U.S.P.—507,749 Issued—Oct. 31, 1893 Oils of turpentine, camphor and car- away seed, methyl alcohol, acetone, acetal, ethyl amylether, and fusel oil on treatment with ozone become sol- vents for pyroxylin, or increase in dis- solving power, or acquire drying power, as in case of oil of caraway seed. The process to be one of removing easily oxidizable materials from natural oils, which improves solvent properties. Type Formula: Pyroxylin dissolved in the “Ozonized oils’ mentioned above. Diluents may be employed. Borgmeyer, C. L. & Paget, L. Applied—August 22, 1893 U.S.P.—507,964 Issued—Oct. 31, 1893 A good metal lacquer is obtained by mixing amyl aceto acetate, “ozonized” fusel oil, wood alcohol, benzine and pyroxylin. Type Formula: Amyl aceto acetate......... 20 gals “Ozonized” fusel oil........ 5 gals iyi eo) i 5 gals eg ag a ewan she» 15 gals ROE uns ke wa ce 4 cs 20 lbs Optional Constituents:—Amyl] acetate. See also U.S.P—507,749. Stevens, John H. & Axtell, Frank Applied—June 9, 1890 Assigned—Celluloid Mfg. Co. US.P.—510,617 Issued—Dec. 12, 1893 A solution of commercial acetanilid, acetone and pyroxylin is useful in forming thin films of pyroxylin for photographic or other purposes. Type Formula: EF VLORVIINe re eee ie eae 100 Acétanilid- wees wes Nake ceca 25 Aeotone Sis Pe ee eee 500 Optional Constituents:—Coloring mat- ter, methyl alcohol, phenyl acetamide. Schupphaus, Robert Applied—July 11, 1893 US.P.—514,838 Issued—Feb. 13, 1894 Urea is used as a stabilizer for nitro compounds including nitro cel- luloses. 0.5-2.0% of weight of pyroxylin is sufficient in films and plastic composi- tions. Type Formula: Pyroxy lin saad. wes. kee 100° TORR ass ered, dd fey 0.5-2.0 Bolvewpiie ae els ie tr lips ad. lib. Optional Constituents: — Carbamide (syn.). See Eng. Pat. 22384-1893. Stevens, John H. Applied—June 9, 1890 Assigned—Celluloid Co. U.S.P.—517,987 Issued—April 10, 1894 Commercial acetanilid is used as a substitute of camphor to form plastic masses with pyroxylin, ; Type Formula: Pyroxylin 100 parts wt. Acetanilid 50 parts wt. Optional Constituents:—Pigments, col- oring matter, methyl alcohol, ethyl al- cohol, acetone, camphor. ev eee eee eeee Zeller, Gustave O. Applied—Dec. 12, 1893 US.P.—518,386 Issued—April 17, 1894 An alcohol is oxidized in presence of a “Compounding” organic acid which supposedly reacts with the aldehyde formed, to form a good pyroxylin sol- vent. Such a solvent is prepared by reacting the following mixtures:— Amyl alcohol—4 parts wt.; Pyroligne- ous acid—2 parts wt.; Sulfuric acid— 2 parts wt.; Manganese peroxide—l part wt. Those oxidized aldehydes are also stated to be good solvents for 36 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER kauri, shellac, and rosin. The solvents are probably mixed esters, acetates, etc. Type Formula: Pyroxylin dissolved in above solvents. See also U.'S.P—518,387. Zeller, Gustave O. Applied—Dec. 12, 1893 US.P.—518,387 Issued—April 17, 1894 See also U.S.P. 518,386 Alcohols are oxidized in presence of “compounding” organic acids which supposedly react with the aldehydes formed to give good pyroxylin sol- vents. A typical solvent is prepared by reacting the following mixture:— Amyl alcohol four parts by weight; Butyl alcohol two parts by weight; Acetic acid one part by weight; For- mic acid one part by weight; Sulfuric acid two parts by weight; Manganese peroxide one part by weight. The solvents formed are probably complex mixtures of esters, acetals, condensa- tion products, etc. See also U.'S.P.—518,386 Zeller, Gustave O. Applied—Dec. 12, 1893 US.P—518,388 Issued—April 17, 1894 Alcohols and benzine are oxidized in presence of “compounding” organic acid which supposedly react with the compounds formed to give a good pyroxylin solvent. For example, a sol- vent is prepared by reacting the fol- lowing mixtures:—Butyl alcohol one part by weight; Amyl alcohol five parts by weight; Benzine two parts by weight; Acetic acid one part by weight; formic acid one part by weight; sulfuric acid two parts by weight; manganese peroxide one part by weight. Probably nothing but mixed esters produced. Optional Constituents:—Kerosene, ben- zene, spirits of turpentine, oil of mir- bane. Schupphaus, Robert C. Applied—July 28, 1894 Assigned—Arlington Mfg. Co. US.P.—528,812 Issued—Nov. 6, 1894 Alkoyl derivatives of aromatic amines are good substitutes for cam- phor in forming plastics with pyroxy- lin. Optional Constituents: — Formanilid, ortho acetoluid, para acetoluid, ben- zanilid, paracetphenitidin and _ their bromo and nitro derivatives. Stevens, John H. Applied—June 9, 1890 Assigned—Celluloid Co. US.P.—542,692 Issued—July 16, 1895 Process of manufacturing massive pyroxylin compounds by mixing, di- nitro-toluol and camphor and then heating composition under pressure to render it plastic. Dinitro-toluol im- proves plasticity. } Type Formula: Di-nitro-toluol: vo... os o8 ee 25 parts Camphor 4. als sen eee 25 parts Pyroxylin “=.ca0 6a 100 parts Optional Constituents:—Ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, acetone. Stevens, John H. Applied—June 9, 1890 Assigned—The Celluloid Co. U.S.P.—543,108 Issued—July 23, 1895 Dinitro-toluol and pyroxylin are mixed and subjected to heat and pres- sure, yielding a plastic substance. Type Formula: Pyroxylin® <2. eee 100 parts wt. Dinitro-toluol ........ 50 parts wt. Optional Constituents: — Acetone, methyl alcohol, coloring matter, pig- ments. See also U.S.P.—517,987. Stevens, John H. Applied—May 31, 1895 Assigned—The Celluloid Co. U.S.P.—543,197 Issued—July 23, 1895 A plastic mass is obtained by mixing pyroxylin, camphor and naphthalene with or without solvents and subject- ing the product to heat and pressure. Naphthalene is very soluble in ordi- UNITED STATES PATENTS 37 nary solvents but the presence of cam- phor improves solubility. Type Formula: BRENOT IP oye fea coe esses 1 part WA DELOTC ec Eh nce ese es 1 part LONG) Gu No yy 4 a 4 parts WWHGOUSAICOHOL 2%.cs4.4...... ad. lib. Optional Constituents:—Oil of cassia, Amyl acetate, methyl salicylate. Stevens, John H. Applied—June 22, 1895 Assigned—The Celluloid Co. US.P.—551,456 Issued—Dec. 17, 1895 A plastic mass is obtained by mixing pyroxylin with methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl or amyl acet- anilid (in presence or absence of solvents) and subjecting the resultant material to heat and pressure, camphor and acetanilid may be present. The alkyl acetanilids are more soluble in alcoholic pyroxylin solvents than acetanilid. Butyl and amyl acetanilids are liquids of low volatility. Type Formula: Methyl acetanilid ....... 1 part wt PS is ise Sine os ws 2 parts wt Solvents (Aliphatic NCE OU A ad. lib. Optional Constituents:—Ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, acetone, alkyl acetani- lids. | Stevens, John H. Applied—June 12, 1895 Assigned—The Celluloid Co. U.S.P.—552,209 Issued—Dec. 31, 1895 A plastic mass is obtained by mix- ing para-nitro toluol (alone or with camphor, or (and) acetanilid) with pyroxylin in presence or absence of such solvents as acetone and subjecting the composition to heat and pressure. Type Formula: mearasiiro toliol ........... 1 part PE ee, ok ene ves 1 part i oo ke vec ces ce 4 parts Optional Constituents:—Ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, amyl acetate. Stevens, John H. Applied—Nov. 13, 1895 Assigned—The Celluloid Co. US.P.—552,934 Issued—January 14, 1896 Plastic masses are obtained by mix- ing camphor, camphene hydrochlorate and pyroxylin, in presence or absence of solvents such as acetone and sub- jecting the composition to heat and pressure. Type Formula: Pyroxyiin teat ek eee 100 parts wt. Waninhore®, sna). ie. ee 20 parts wt. Camphene hydrochlorate 20 parts wt. ACEEONEHE Ue cna kot te 15 parts wt. Wood alcohol .......... 20 parts wt. Optional Constituents:—Coloring mat- ter, butyl acetate, propyl acetate, ethyl acetate, methyl acetate. Stevens, John H. Applied—Nov. 138, 1895 Assigned—The Celluloid Co. U.S.P.—552,935 Issued—January 14, 1896 Plastic masses are obtained by mix- ing camphor, camphene hydrochlorate, pyroxylin and a solvent such as butyl acetate and subjecting the resulting composition to heat and pressure. Type Formula: Pyroxylm © ae eee 100 parts wt. (2a TODD Oia ee aes tee cee 20 parts wt. Camphene hydrochlorate 20 parts wt. Acetone... sccm 15 parts wt Amy] acetate........... 15 parts wt Methyl alcohol ........ 20 parts wt. Optional Constituents:—Coloring mat- ter, propyl acetate, ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, butyl acetate. See also US.P.—552, 934. Stevens, John H. Applied—July 26, 1895 Assigned—The Celluloid Co. U.S.P.—553,270 Issued—Jan. 21, 1896 A plastic mass is obtained by mix- ing dinitroxylol (alone or with cam- phor or acetanilid) with pyroxylin in presence or absence of solvents such as acetone, the composition being sub- jected to heat and pressure. Type Formula: Dinitro-toluol su. ven 20 parts wt. Caniphor ti oss ee ae 20 parts wt. Pyroxylin= 424053 sacs 100 parts wt. 38 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER Optional Constituents:—Ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol. Zeller, Gustave O. Applied—Dec. 30, 1893 US.P.—555,596 Issued—March 3, 1896 A solvent for pyroxylin which con- sists of a benzine compound of mixed or simple ethers, obtained by subject- ing a mixture of one or more alcohols, benzine and a “compounding” organic acid to the action of hydrochloric acid. The reaction appears improb- able, Optional Constituents:—Benzol, turpen- tine, camphor, wood alcohol, fusel oil, formic acid, acetic acid. Michaelis, Gustavus Applied—Sept. 18, 1895 Assigned—% to Wm. T. Mayer U.S.P.—556,017 Issued—March 10, 1896 A collodion preparation is obtained by dissolving pyroxylin in a mixture of methyl ether and methyl alcohol. Stevens, John H. Applied—Aug. 28, 1893 Assigned—The Celluloid Co. U.S.P.—559,823 Issued—May 12, 1893 Solvents for pyroxylin are obtained by distilling a mixture of alcohols (such as fusel oil may contain) with an oxidizing agent such as sulfuric acid with manganese peroxide. Optional Constituents:—Methyl alcohol acetone, ethyl alcohol. ’ Stevens, John H. Applied—Aug. 28, 1893 Assigned—The Celluloid Co. U.S.P.—559,824 Issued—May 12, 1896 A pyroxylin solvent is obtained by heating benzoic acid and alcohols to- gether in presence of sulfuric acid. Mixed ethers and esters are obtained. Any or all aliphatic aleohols may be used. Pyroxylin solutions containing these solvents, and diluents are pre- pared, Optional Constituents:—Methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl and amyl alcohols. See also—559,823. Stevens, J. H. Applied—June 17, 1895 Assigned to The Celluloid Co. US.P.—s61,624 Issued—June 9, 1896 A composition of matter obtained by dissolving pyroxylin in a solvent formed by the action of a mixture of alcohols on formic acid in the presence of a dehydrating agent. Type Formula: Wood spirits 2,45 ae “art wt Ethyl alcohol 2..2..s0eee 1 part wt. Fusel oil (crude) ....... 1 part wt. Potassium formate ...... 3 parts wt. Sulfurie acid. 7.2.0. oem 2 parts wt. Optional Constituents:—Camphor, ace- tone, amyl acetate. Stevens, John H. Applied—Aug. 16, 1895 Assigned—The Celluloid Co. US.P.—564,343 Issued—July 21, 1896 A plastic mass is obtained by mix- ing acetxylid (alone or in presence of camphor or acetanilid) with pyroxylin and subjecting the composition to heat and pressure. Type Formula: Pyroxylin 100 parts Acetxylid. ..c3aa505 Ce 25-50 parts Optional Constituents:—Camphor, ace- tanilid. eeerereeeee eee eee Stevens, John H. Applied—July 26, 1895 Assigned—The Celluloid Co. U.S.P.—566,349 Issued—Aug,. 25, 1896 A plastic mass is obtained by mix- ing certain pyrazolon derivatives, such as antipyrin (with or without cam- phor), with pyroxylin and subjecting the composition to heat and pressure. Solvents such as the alcohols may be added. . Type Formula: Pyroxylin. «i. ..¢ eee 2 parts Antipyrin . .ij¢..,8 eee 1 part Wood alcohol .iitv.Vaaee 1-2 parts UNITED STATES PATENTS 39 Optional Constituents:—Tolypyrin, sali- pyrin, tolysal, ethyl alcohol, acetone. Stevens, J. H. & Axtell, F. C. Filed—July 23, 1896 Assigned—Celluloid Co. (New York) US.P—568,104 Issued—Sept. 22, 1896 Organic carbanilates are used as sol- vents and plasticizers is the prepara- tion of varnishes, etc., from pyroxylin. Optional Constituents:—Methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, amyl, iso-butyl, and iso- amyl carbanilates, acetanilid. Stevens, John H. Applied—July 23, 1896 Assigned—The Celluloid Co. US.P.—568,105 Issued—Sept. 22, 1896 A plastic mass is obtained by mixing one or more of the citric esters of the monohydric monatomic series of ali- phatic alcohols and pyroxylin. Dilu- ents may be added. Optional Constituents:—Trimethyl cit- rate, triethyl citrate, tripropyl citrate, triisobutyl citrate, trichlorethyl citrate, acetyltriethyl citric ether. Stevens, John H. Applied—July 24, 1896 Assigned—The Celluloid Co. U.S.P.—568,106 Issued—Sept. 22, 1896 A plastic mass is obtained by mixing one or more carbamic esters with pyroxylin. Type Formula: Lave tice 2) Ses eae a 100 parts Methyl carbamate ....... 40-50 parts Optional Constituents:—Camphor, acet- anilid, ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, ethyl carbamate, propyl carbamate, butyl carbamate, amyl carbamate, benzyl carbamate, ethylidene urethane, acetyl paraoxyphenyl urethane, acetyl parethoxyphenyl urethane, coloring matter, pigments. Stevens, John H. Applied—July 26, 1895 Assigned—The Celluloid Co. U.S.P—572,134 Issued—Dec. 1, 1896 © A plastic mass is obtained by mixing pyroxylin with camphor and certain derivatives of crystalline aromatic acids such as salol, and subjecting the © product to heat and pressure. Type Formula: Camphor SR LOLe Watt ce ecie yee hat eo Tee peat yg? Optional Constituents:—Salacetol, betol, naphtholbenzoate, benzoic anhydride, alcohol. eereeevrees ee eee eee oe Stevens, John H. Appled—July 26, 1895 Assigned—The Celluloid Co. U.S.P.—572,135 Issued—Dec. 1, 1896 A plastic mass is obtained by mixing pyroxylin with trional or similar com- pound and subjecting the product to heat and pressure. Acetone may be employed as the active solvent. Optional Constituents:—Camphor, fonal, sulfobenzid, sulfocarbanilid. sul- Bronnert, Emile AppliedAnril 14, 1896 Assioned Theodore Schlumberger. US.P.—573,132 Teed en 15, 1896 Tetranitrocellulose is rendered sol- uble in alcohol by the presence of certain chlorides such as_ calcium chloride. Type Formula: Tetranitrocellulose (im- pregnated with calcium chloride) 40 kg. Ethyl alcohol 150 liters Optional Constituents:—Methyl] alcohol, chlorides of the alkalies and alk. earths, acetates or alkylsulfates of alkalies and alk. earths, oxalic acid, citric acid, car- bolic acid. eoreeeree ee ee eo @ eoecererevee eevee & Bennett, Solomon Applied—June 20, 1896 US.P—578,714 Issued—March 16, 1897 A water-proof lacquer is obtained by dissolving nitrocellulose in acetone or other suitable solvents. This is em- ployed as one coat of a fabric water- proofing scheme, 40 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER Type Formula: Nitrocellulose 005 6.is 00.5 ses 1 part MAITDENEING Gs ses sas ca es wR 2 parts PAGCOR. 4 <2. See oe es 3 parts Optional Constituents:—Amyl acetate, sanitas oil, creosote, castor oil. Stevens, John H. Applied—Nov. 7, 1895 Assigned—The Celluloid Co. U.S.P.—583,516 Issued—June 1, 1897 A plastic mass is obtained by mixing pyroxylin, camphor and chlor toluene (or a similar compound) and subject- ing product to heat and pressure. Type Formula: Camphor Chlor toluol 1 part Optional Constituents: — Nitrochlorides of benzyl, chlorides of benzol, bro- mides of benzol, nitrochlorides of benzol, nitrobromides of benzol, chlor- ides of naphthalene, phenol bromides, phenol chlorides, camphor bromides. oeeewor eer eee eee eee eesereereee ee ee * ee Kennedy, Arthur Applied—July 1, 1896 Assigned—The Marsden Co, U.S.P.—587,096 Issued—July 27, 1897 A waterproof film is obtained by adding lanolin to a solution of pyroxy- lin in any of its common solvents, such as amyl acetate. Type Formula: Nitrocellulose 100 parts Lanolin 55 parts Optional Constituents:—Ethyl acetate, methyl alcohol, benzine. oeeeeeeoeeeee eee eeoe eee eee eee see Kennedy, Arthur I. Applied—January 19, 1897 Assigned—The Marsden Co. U.S.P.—587,097 Issued—July 27, 1897 A patent leather lacquer is obtained by mixing together cellulose nitrate in amyl lactate, lanolin and corn oil. Type Formula: Amyl* lactite <2... eae 1 gal Nitrocellulose. i1..503 ala, 12 oz Lanolin oA AS een 10 oz Coin ou 365.5 is eee 3 OZ Optional Constituents:—Amyl acetate, anilin-black. Jones, F. J. & Jones, G. W. Applied—March 1, 1897 Assigned—Tyre Puncture Curing Syn- dicate U.S.P.—587,211 Issued—July 27, 1897 A composition of matter for stopping tire punctures is obtained by mixing dissolved (in amyl acetate) pyroxylin and glycerine. Type Formula: Pyroxylin: gen ee 10 grains Amyl acetate ......s4e0s" 1% oz. Amy! aleohol fais. cee ee 14% o2 Glycerine —J.2 eae eeee 12 oz Stevens, John H. Applied—June 12, 1897 Assigned—The Celluloid Co. US.P.—589,870 Issued—Sept. 14, 1897 Pyroxylin compounds are rendered stable by the addition of one or more of the urea salts of the monohydric monobasic aliphatic acids. Optional Constituents:—Urea formate, urea acetate, urea propionate, urea butyrate, urea valerate. Stevens, John H. Applied—July 22, 1897 Assigned—The Celluloid Co. U.S.P.—593,787 Issued—Nov. 16, 1897 Urea sulfate is recommended for use as a stabilizer of nitrocellulose in transparent compounds. More than 2% tends to discolor the compound. The urea sulfate is used in a solvent such as grain alcohol or wood spirits. It is less soluble in acetone and still less in amyl acetate. Type Formula: Pyroxylin Urea sulfate: .- ls une See also U.S.P.—529,603 Stevens, John H. Applied—May 11, 1892 Assigned—Celluloid Co. of N. Y. US.P.—595,355 Issued—Dec. 14, 1897 UNITED STATES PATENTS Al A solvent for nitrocellulose com- posed of a ketone of the fatty acid group. In certain cases the solvent power of the ketone is increased by the presence of another material, such as alcohol. Type Formula: Solutions of nitrocellulose in these solvents are used as “varnishes.” Optional Constituents:—Ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, camphor, fusel oil, sulfuric ether, benzine, benzol, propion, butyron, valeron, capron, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl propyl ketone, methyl butyl ketone, methyl pentyl ketone, methyl hexyl ketone, ethyl propyl ketone, ethyl butyl ketone, ethyl pentyl. ketone, ‘ethyl hexyl ketone, propyl butyl ketone, propyl pentyl ketone, propyl hexyl ketone, butyl pentyl ketone. Nagel, Oskar Filed—Feb. 3, 1896 US.P:—596,662 Issued—Jan. 4, 1898 The process of manufacturing py- roxylin compounds consisting of com- bining with nitrocellulose, a solvent consisting of the crystalline product produced by passing hydrochloric acid gas through turpentine, which process forms a material known as “hydro- chlorinated turpene” or “camphene” Optional Optional Constituents:—Camphor, pig- ments, zinc oxide, magnesium car bonate. Schupphaus, Robert C. Applied—Sept. 14, 1896 US.P.—598,648 Issued—Feb. 8, 1898 The improvement in the manufac- ture of pyroxylin compounds, which consists in incorporating with pyroxy- lin in order to increase flexibility, a glycerol ester that contains the radi- cals of two different acids. These have an advantage over castor oil in that they also act as solvents of pyroxylin instead of being merely mechanically mixed with the material. Constituents :—M onobenzoate of glycerol, benzochlorhydrin, dichlor- hydrin, dichloracetin, benzomonacetin, benzodiacetin, oleoacetin, oleodiacetin, dinitroacetin, mononitrodiacetin. Schupphaus, R. C. Applied—June 30, 1897 U.S.P.—598,649 Issued—Feb. 8, 1898 A pyroxylin composition employing as solvents aromatic ketones of which the following are examples: aceto- phenon, benzylidene acetone, benzo- phenon, phenylbenzyl ketone, oxya- after the removal of the hydrochloride. cetophenon, benzil, dibenzylidene Type F ormula: acetone, trioxybenzophenon, para- LTE OO ee gee 10 parts oxybenzophenon, oxyphenylbenzyl EXGyl alcohol... ......:... 2 parts ketone (benzoin), trioxyacetophenon, UA eon aan an 8 parts gallacetophenon. BOG i 5 parts Qptional Constituents:—Ethyl alcohol, Optional Constituents :—Camphor. methyl alcohol, amyl alcohol, ether, Goetter, Hermann benzene, anisol, acetone, and alcoholic Applied—July 22, 1898 Assigned—The Arlington Mfg. Co. U.S.P—s97,144 Issued—Jan. 11, 1898 A plastic composition composed of definite proportions of nitrocellulose, amyl acetate, and an auxiliary solvent, which gives a good plastic without the use of expensive camphor. . Type Formula: Nitrocellulose ........... 121% parts Wy Godaaleohol.:... a 10 parts PUIVICROELALE TS. 66S ses es 3% parts Optional - Constituents:—Propyl acetates. Schupphaus, Robert C. Applied—June 30, 1897 U.S.P.—600,556 Issued—March 15, 1898 A pyroxylin composition containing one or more of the high boiling sol- vents mentioned below. The presence of these solvents, some of which are non-volatile, produces a plastic film. ether, butyl ether, anisol, phenetol, guaiacol. 42 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER Annison, F. G. Applied—Sept. 10, 1897 Assigned—Publishing Advertising «& Trading Syndicate, Ltd. U.S.P.—602,797 Issued—April 19, 1898 A compound of nitrocellulose, cam- phor and castor oil used for coating fabrics and ‘permeable materials. Volatile alcohol solvents are used. Optional Constituents:—Grain alcohol, wood alcohol, methylated spirit, pig- ments. Wood, Wm. H. & Stevens, J. H. Applied—Feb. 12, 1898 Assigned—The Celluloid Co. U.S.P.—603,001 Issued—April 26, 1898 A method of coating articles consist- ing of a flexible base permeated with a flexible pyroxylin compound and having a superimposed flexible surface coating of a pyroxylin compound less flexible than the permeated base. Flexibility is attained by varying proportions of castor oil. Walker, George Applied—Sept. 5, 1895 U.S.P.—604,181 Issued—May 17, 1898 Lacquers and plastics are obtained by mixing in varying proportions py- roxylin and oils lighter than water obtained by the distillation of the tar of hard woods (beech, birch, maple, and oak). Type Formula: PYPOXVN sade Se poe eee ee Decreosoted tar oil Stevens, John H. Applied—Nov. 7, 1895 Assigned—The Celluloid Co. U.S.P.—607,554 Issued—July 19, 1898 Plastic masses are obtained by mix- ing pyroxylin, camphor and the crys- talline derivatives of an aromatic alcohol, such as thymol, and subject- ing the product to heat and pressure. Type Formula: Camphior nit) eis aataiahe oes 3-4 parts PL OIGE 1a wine aya e een en 1 part Pyroxylin Optional Constituents:—Dimethylhydro- chinon, thymochinon, benzoylguaiacol. Stevens, John H. & Axtell, F. C. Applied—May 16, 1898 Assigned—The Celluloid Co. US.P.—610,728 Issued—Sept. 13, 1898 Esters of carbonic acid, with or with- out alcohols, are solvents for pyroxy- lin. Sp. Diethyl carbonate. The non-hygroscopic character of films produced by these solvents are. said to be analogous to those produced by amyl acetate. Use in varnishes (lac- quers) is stressed. Alcoholic diluents are recommended. Optional Constituwents:—Dimethyl car- bonate, diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, dibutyl carbonate, diamyl carbonate. Goodwin, Hannibal Applied—May 2, 1887 U.S.P.—610,861 Issued—Sept. 18, 1898 In the preparation of photographic films a composition of matter is used composed of a mixture of pyroxylin, alcohol and nitrobenzol, or other non- hydrous and non-hygroscopic solvent. Optional Constituents:—Amy]l acetate. Stevens, John H. Applied—April 15, 1898 Assigned—The Celluloid Co. U.S.P.—612,066 Issued—Oct. 11, 1898 A waterproof fabric coating com- posed of pyroxylin, a non-drying oil and a halogen salt which prevents the oil from decomposing and becoming rancid. Type Formula: . Pyroxylin ): fae: 100 parts Castor oil. .).g60i5 eae 150 parts Camphor’ ... 2 s.iya ae 150 parts Zine chloride® 9.4.4. 3 parts Wood alcohol; \ayeeeeee to dilute Optional Constituents:—Zine chlorate, zinc iodide, mercuric chloride, potas- sium chlorate. Stevens, John H. Applied—April 15, 1898 Assigned—The Celluloid Co. UNITED STATES PATENTS 43 U.S.P.—612,067 Issued—Oct. 11, 1898 A waterproof fabric coating com- posed of pyroxylin, a non-drying oil and an aromatic acid or salt, which prevents the oil from decomposing and becoming rancid. Type Formula: BRUOEE VAT SG cite g.c v's bw ss 0's 100 parts SO 9] Re ear 150 parts METER as wis. Gin nine 150 parts Sodium salicylate ......... 4 parts Wood alcohol ............. to dilute Optional Constituents:—Naphthoic acid, salicylic acid, benzoic acid, sodium benzoate, naphthol. Stevens, John H. Applied—April 15, 1893 Assigned—The Celluloid Co. US.P.—612,553 Issued—Oct. 18, 1898 A waterproof fabric coating com- posed of pyroxylin, a non-drying oil and a compound containing the “phenoylic” radical which prevents the oil from decomposing and becoming rancid. Type Formula: Di CAS OT UN sd face a ea 100 parts RETO oe voici vad wie ee 150 parts I ie ea ws civ ec cei 150 parts Sulfocarbolate of soda...... 4 parts WH OOG BIGOHOUD 25 GE. ae. to dilute Optional Constituents:—Sulfocarbolates, carbolates. Stevens, John H. Applied—May 16, 1898 Assigned—The Celluloid Co. US.P.—615,319 Issued—Dec. 6, 1898 A waterproof fabric coating com- posed of pyroxylin, a non-drying oil and naphthol which prevents the oil from decomposing and _ becoming rancid. Type Formula: VIA te hs gcse ee b's 100 parts OO GB ily a 200 parts BTN eee cece cease 100 parts pete TAVDINO! vo)... kee 2-4 parts WY OOU BICONOL,. oi .6 50.055. to dilute Goldsmith, B. B. Applied—July 12, 1898 U.S.P.—615,446 Issued—Dec. 6, 1898 Pyroxylin lacquer may be used as a coating for fibrous or absorbent sur- faces. Its use over preliminary casein glue coatings is recommended. Stevens, John H. Applied—March 1, 1898 Assigned—The Celluloid Co. US.P.—617,450 Issued—Jan. 10, 1899. Urea salts of aromatic acids are stabilizers of pyroxylin solutions and compositions. Optional Constituents:—Urea salts of benzoic acid, urea salts of naphthoic acid, urea salts of salicylic acid. Miller, Horace E. Applied—January 6, 1899 Assigned—The Celluloid Co. U.S.P.—621,360 Issued—March 21, 1899 A lacquer containing resin and pyroxylin is used as a coating for glass in the manufacture of mirrors. Type Formula: ET) a bea eS | en: ar a Sr 11 parts PeyPOVyiTe reac nitece ore ses “yt ok part Methyl] alcohol Methyl acetate } Uns ares 44 parts Acetone Stevens, John H. Applied—March 1, 1898 Assigned—The Celluloid Co. U.S.P.—621,382 Issued—March 21, 1899 The inorganic salts of monocar- boxylic acids are recommended as pyroxylin stabilizers, e.g. sodium ben- zoate. Optional Constituents:—Inorganic ben- zoates, inorganic salicylates. Stevens, John H. Applied—Feb. 9, 1899 Assigned—The Celluloid Co. US.P.—622,727 Issued—April 11, 1899 A waterproof composition of matter containing pyroxylin, oil, naphthol and 44 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER a volatile liquid menstruum insoluble in water is used for coating fabric, etc. Type Formula: Py rOeylitl o ck, We ke ey aoa 100 parts Amiyl acetate 2.705. 'ys doe 300 parts Wood Aleohol ...:..5.5.-. 300 parts CROUOl OL oss a ce eee 150 parts Beta naphthol vo. .65..555 2-3 parts Optional Constituwents:—Benzoic ether, propionic ether, capronic ether, amyl formate, fusel oil, coloring matter. Camnitzer, Arthur Applied—Oct. 18, 1893 U.S.P.— 627,296 Issued—June 20, 1898 A composition to be applied to the skin for curative purposes, consisting of a collodion solution, zine chloride (antiseptic) and methylene blue. Helbing, H. & Pertsch, G. Applied—Dec. 24, 1897 Assigned—Soc. Chim. des Usines du Rhone U.S.P—628,463 Issued—July 11, 1899 A collodion solution containing a low boiling alkyl chloride is used for protecting injured portions of the skin. Optional Constituents:—Methyl chlor- ide, ethyl chloride, iodoform, alcohol, ether. See Eng. Pat. 25,779—1896. Goldsmith, B. B. Applied—July 12, 1898 US.P.—631,295 Issued—Aug. 22, 1899 In the manufacture of ornamental articles a pyroxylin lacquer is used containing camphor, oil and_ resin. The patent describes methods of se- curing mottled and stippled effects. The use of resins (gums) in pyroxylin varnishes is mentioned. Optional Constituents :—Linseed oil, cas- tor oil, coloring matter, resins, gums. Kitsee, Isidor Applied—June 26, 1899 U.S.P.—651,364 Issued—June 12, 1900 A substitute for hard rubber is ob- tained by adding to the ingredients of celluloid, glue or a similar substance. Optional Constituents:—Molasses, glyc- erin, India rubber, turpentine, oil, tar, flour of sulfur. Goldsmith, Byron B. Applied—Sept. 16, 1898 US.P—661,263 Issued—Noy. 6, 1900 In the manufacture of patent leather a pyroxylin lacquer containing oil is used. Waite, Charles N. Applied—May 7, 1901 Assigned—The Cellulose Products Co. U.S.P—690,211 Issued—Dec. 31, 1901 The addition of lactic acid to nitro- cellulose solutions renders the formed film more plastic. ; Bentley, H. A. Applied—Sept. 20, 1901 U.S.P.—690,915 Issued—Jan. 14, 1902 Pyroxylin, amyl acetate, cedar oil lacquers are used to impregnate card- board and other fibrous material to produce surfaces suitable for oil paint- ing. Type Formula: Pyroxylin 3. oe 1 dram Amy] acetate ....... 1% pint Oil .of cedar usc hee 1 large teaspoon Bachrach, David Applied—April 4, 1901 US.P.—692,102 Issued—Jan. 28, 1902 Graphic, plumbago or bitumen is added to the usual ingredients of cel- luloid to render the product acid and chemical proof. Daly, J. A. Applied—Aug. 30, 1900 U.S.P.—694,946 Issued—March 11, 1902 Pyroxylin, celluloid, or the like is dissolved in amyl acetate or rubber in benzene or chloroform, and the solu- tion is worked up into a paste by the addition of finely divided metal, such as bronze powder. The _ resulting product is used for coating textile and other porous fabrics. See also Eng. Pat. 53848—1902. UNITED STATES PATENTS 45 Thomson, E. & Callan, John Applied—Nov. 7, 1901 Assigned—General Electric Co. US.P.— 695,127 Issued—March 11, 1902 An insulating mass for electric wires is obtained by a mixture of a cellulose ester solution with an essential oil or phenol, and Venice turpentine. Type Formula: Cellulose acetate ...... 100 parts wt. Csi OL hic. ids 5 parts wt. PREROLE YL Ses oc dae vs 50 parts wt. Optional Constituents:—Cellulose for- mate, cellulose propionate, cellulose butyrate, cellulose benzoate, cellulose phenyl acetate, cellulose phenol pro- pionate, esters of oleic acid, esters of angelic acid, chloroform. Bonnaud, J. B. G. Applied—Nov. 11, 1901 U.S.P.—697,790 Issued—April 15, 1902 A flexible, waterproof lacquer is ob- tained by mixing a pyroxylin solution with gum copal dissolved in boiling castor oil. Type Formula: Gum copal..... 6 parts Castor oil...... 180 parts Sugar of lead Litharge | 4 parts 20 parts White copperas Nitrocellulose and small) aropunbevanillin yo... 180 parts Optional Constituents:—Methy] alcohol, camphor, sugar of lead, white copperas. Eng. Pat. 8063—1901, Can. Pat. 78,060. Zuhl, Ernst Applied—Nov. 17, 1900 U.S.P.—700,884 Issued—May 27, 1902 A composition of matter consisting of pyroxylin and a compound ester of carbonic acid and mono-oxygenated hydrocarbons of the aromatic series, such as diphenylearbonate. Type Formula: ~ SOS Se ee 2 kg. Diphenylearbonate 1 kg. Optional Constituents :—Tricresylcarbo- nate, trinaphthylcarbonate, eoeoeees eevee Zuhl, Ernst Applied—July 2, 1901 U.S.P.—700,885 Issued—May 27, 1902 Esters of phosphoric acid with the mono-oxygenated hydrocarbons of the aromatic series (such as_ triphenyl- phosphate) are used in pyroxylin com- position in place of camphor. Type Formula: Triphenylphosphate ........ 50 kg. Nitrocellulose’<*, 2.2. -.4 0.0.4 120 kg. Optional Constituents:—Tricresylphos- phate, trinaphthylphosphate. See also D.R.P—700,885. See also Aust. Pat.—9557 Kitsee, Isidor Applied—Feb. 8, 1902 US.P.—701,357 Issued—June 3, 1902 Sulphur (about 2%) is added to pyroxylin and the product heated, the result being a flexible and non-cop- ducting (to electricity) composition. Stevens, John H. Applied—Aug. 28, 1893 Assigned—Celluloid Co. US.P.—718,670 Issued—Jan. 20, 1903 The product of the etherification of a mixture of alcohols with sulfuric acid is a good pyroxylin solvent. (Mixed ethers are obtained.) This patent contains a clear discussion of hygroscopic vs. non-hygroscopic sol- vents, the production of blushed films, the use of diluents, and many other essentials of modern lacquer manufac- ture. Optional Constituents: Alkyl ethers, mixed alkyl ethers, methyl amyl ether, ethyl amyl ether. Zuhl, Ernst Applied—Nov. 11, 1902 US.P.—729,990 Issued—June 2, 1903 Cellulose nitrate together with an organic acid cellulose ester, such as the acetate, yield an elastic and more or less fireproof composition. Type Formula: Cellulose nitrate Cellulose acetate ooetecece eee ereee 46 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER Optional Constitwents:—Camphor, aux- iliary solvents. Zuhl, Ernst Applied—April 17, 1902 US.P.—733,110 Issued—July 7, 1903 A plastic mass is obtained by mixing pyroxylin with derivatives of the phos- phoric acid esters of the mono- oxygenated hydrocarbons of the aromatic series in which the oxygen of the PO group can be replaced by sul- fur and the hydrogen of the benzene ring by halogen, nitro groups, etc. Type Formula: Tricresylthio-phosphate Nitrocellulose Optional Constituents: Dinitrotri - naphthylthio - phosphate, mono-chlortricresyl phosphate, tetra- nitrotri-naphthyl-phosphate, auxiliary solvents. See also Eng. Pat. 4883—1902. eooereoereeoee ee eee Eichengrun, Arthur and Becker, T. Applied—Feb. 3, 1902 Assigned—Farbenfabriken of Elberfeld Co. US.P.—738,533 Issued—Sept. 8, 1903 Cellulose acetate is used instead of the nitrate in plastic compositions, the product being flexible and only mod- erately inflammable. Type Formula: Cellulose acetate Caniphor si rote ee 50 parts Optional Constituents:—Paratoluene sul- famid, methylic ester of paratoluene sulfonic acid, naphthalene, methyl ester of oxalic acid; methyl ester of phthalic acid, camphor substitutes. Schupphaus, Robert C. Applied—June 2, 1896 US.P—741,554 Issued—Oct. 13, 1903 Mixed ethers of alkyls up to amyl are used in place of ordinary ether as solvent for pyroxylin in the prepara- tion of lacquers and plastics. Optional Constituents:—Ethyl isobutyl oxide, ethyl isoamyl oxide, ethyl iso- propyl oxide, propyl amyl oxide, butyl amyl oxide, propyl butyl oxide. Meygret, Achille Applied—June 29, 1902 U.S.P.—756,176 Issued—March 29, 1904 A protective coating for storage bat- _ tery plates consisting of castor oil, essence of turpentine, “octonitrie” cel- lulose and cellulose tetranitrate. Schmidt, Albrecht Filed—Jan,. 12, 1900 Assigned—Meister, Lucius & Bruning US.P—758,335 Issued—April 26, 1904 In the preparation of a celluloid-like composition the use of the alphyl- sulfonic compounds given below, as camphor substitutes. Optional Constituents: — Benzenesul-— famid, para - chlorbenzenesulfamid, para-toluenesulfamid, benzenesulfethy- lamid, benzenesulfdiethylamid, para- toluenesulfo-ethylamid, para-toluene- sulfo-diethylamid, acetbenzenesulfo- amid, acet-para-toluenesulfamid, ben- zoyl-benzenesulfamid, | benzoyl-para- toluenesulfamid, dibenzyl-benzenesulf- amid, dibenzyl-para-toluenesulfamid, dibenzyl-para-toluenesulfoimid, diben- zenesulfo-imid, benzenesulfanilid, para- chlorbenzenesulfanilid, dibenzyl-para- chlorbenzenesulfanilid, para-toluene- sulfanilid, dibenzyl-para-toluenesul- fanilid, benzenesulfo-methylanilid, benzenesulfo-ethylanilid, benzenesulfo- ortho-toluid, benzenesulfo-para-toluid, benzenesulfo-para-chloranilid, benzene- sulfo-ortho-phenetidin, | benzenesulfo- para-phenetidin, | benzenesulfo-alpha- naphthylamid, benzenesulfo-beta-naph- thylamin, benzenesulfo-diphenylamin, para-toluenesulfo-methylanilid, para- toluenesulfo-ethylanilid, para-toluene- sulfo-ortho-toluid, para-toluenesulfo- para-toluid, — para-toluenesulfo-meta- xylidid, para-toluenesulfo-para-chlor- anilid, para-toluenesulfo-ortho-phene- tidin, para-toluenesulfo-para-phene- tidin, para-toluenesulfo-alpha-naphthy- lamin, para-toluensulfo-beta-naphthy- lamin, para-toluenesulfo-diphenylamin, para - toluene - sulfo - phenylhydrazin, benzenesulfo-acidphenylether, para- toluene-sulfo-acidphenylether, benzene- sulfo-para-cresol, para-toluene-sulfo- UNITED STATES PATENTS 47 cresol, benzenesulfo-beta-naphthol, para-toluenesulfonaphthol, para-tolu- enesulfo-alpha-naphthol, —_ para-chlor- benzenesulfo-beta-naphthol, dibenzene- sulfo-2.7-dioxynaphthalin, di-para- toluenesulfo-2.7-dioxynaphthalin, para- chlorbenzenesulfo-anilid, para-toluene- sulfamido acetic acid, para-toluenesul- famidoethylester, para-toluenesulfo- acidethylester, ortho-sulfamidobenzoic acid, meta-sulfamidobenzoic acid, para- sulfamidobenzoic acid, ortho-sulf- amidoethylester, para-sulfamidoamyl- ester, meta-sulfamidoethylester, para- -sulfamidoethylester. See also Eng. Pat. 25,434—1899. Lederer, Leonhard Applied—May 13, 1902 US.P.—774,677 Issued—Nov. 8, 1904 A plastic mass is obtained by mix- ing cellulose acetate with a compound containing hydroxyl, aldehyde, amide or ketone groups or with acid amides. Type Formula: Cellulose acetate ......... UOT eee 4 ta Optional Constituents:—Chloral hydrate, acetophenon, acetamid. Walker, Wm. H. Applied—Nov. 13, 1902 USP.—774,713 Issued—Nov. 8, 1904 Plastic masses are obtained when or- ganic acid esters of cellulose other than the nitrate, such as the acetate, are mixed with a solvent of low volatility such as thymol. A volatile solvent, for instance chloroform, may be added. The product is non-explosive. Type Formula: RS AMOTIMN GG veg ans ce sss 100 parts Cellulose acetate ......... 10 parts BERG ed Wiha eke ae o's s 5 parts Optional Constituents:—Phenol, cresol, essential oils, zinc oxide, Walker, Wm. H. Applied—Nov. 18, 1902 US.P.—774,714 Issued—Nov. 8, 1904 A cellulose ester of a fatty acid mixed with a non-volatile solvent (thymol) and a non-solvent such as castor oil yields a plastic composition. The presence of thymol causes the cel- lulose acetate to be uniformly retained, although it is not a solvent. Type Formula: Cellulose acetate .......... 10 parts A ODOL GY Tn cect ots eee 80 parts PEAY MOE Sy AY Page tities we tuies 5 parts Castor oil (in chloroform).. 3 parts Optional Constituents:—Phenol, dyes, pigments, cresol, Goldsmith, Byron B. Applied—Sept. 30, 1904 U.S.P.—783,828 Issued—Feb. 28, 1905 A mixture of pyroxylin in one of its usual solvents and a drying oil is used as a leather lacquer. Type Formula: Nitrocellulosel.o.....sens > 6 oz. Solvent (acetone, ther, GlOh hake pr ateco Mite aes 1 gal Drying oil Hien Pains 1-1.5 gals Optional Constituents:—Ether, ketone. Bachrach, C. Applied—Jan. 16, 1904 US.P.—794,581 Issued—July 11, 1905 A non-inflammable or slow burning compound of nitrocellulose and similar substances produced by the addition to the usual constituents thereof the non-aqueous silicates of ethyl, methyl and amyl and similar silicates known s “silicic esters” and a free acid. Riddle, Robert N. Applied—June 13, 1904 Assigned—Warner Chemical Co. U.S.P.—797,373 Issued—Aug. 15, 1905 Phenyl acetate is an odorless and non-inflammable solvent for pyroxylin and may be used either alone or with other solvents. Type Formula: Byroxviin «5220; on eee eee Phenyl acetate 7. 2a Cee: Optional Constituents :—Methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, amyl alcohol, acetone, amyl acetate. 48 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER Woodward, G. E. Applied—June 21, 1904 U.S.P.—803,952 Issued—Nov. 7, 1905 A non-inflammable celluloid which comprises a mixture of celluloid, fish glue, gum arabic, gelatine, and rape oul. **: See also Eng. Pat. French Pat. 344,048. 9277—1904; Lederer, Leonhard Applied—April 10, 1905 US.P.—804,960 Issued—Nov. 21, 1905 Acetylene tetrachloride, alone or in conjunction with other solvents, is a good solvent for cellulose acetate and a lacquer is thus prepared. Acetylene tetrachloride is also a solvent for gums (copal) which may be incorporated. Optional Constitwents:—Resins, copal. Hunervein, Ferdinand Applied—June 8, 1905 US.P.—805,466 Issued—Nov. 28, 1905 A lacquer consisting of gum copal, benzol, caoutchouc, celluloid and var- nish. Type Formula: Gum copal ....... 50 parts CBO re erates 10 parts Caoutchouc ..... 5 parts 4 pare Celluloid solution 2 parts ViaTIIRh ocean ee cul wen aot 20 parts Optional Constituents :—Para-gum. Collardon, Louis Applied—Nov. 22, 1905 U.S.P.—830,493 Issued—Sept. 11, 1906 Plastic masses are obtained by treating cellulose organic esters with casein or a similar substance. A medium to cause swelling, such as an acid or base, may be present, or an alcohol, further a hardening medium such as formaldehyde, also solvents such as chloroform. Type Formula: ~ Gellulose acetate Casein 1-4 parts Optional Canelitubyies- extend hex- amethylenetetramine, thiocelluloses, oeeeweoereoer ere eee eee eee hydrocelluloses, caseinates, albumens, cellulose butyrate, cellulose aceto butyrate, cellulose palmitate, cellulose phenyl acetate chloral hydrate, pyri- dine, hydroxylamin, anilin, methylani- lin, dimethylanilin, formic acid ester, salicylic acid ester, esters of glycose sugars, lactose, levulose, saccharose, aceto-chlorhydrose, glycose dibutyrate, glycose distearate, glycose ditartrate, glycose tetratartrate, glycose diacetate, glycose triacetate, glycose pentacetate, octacetylic glycose, pentacetyl levulose, saccharo monoacetate, saccharo tetra- cetate, saccharo heptacetate, saccharo octacetate, halogen esters of glycerin, esters of phosphoric and benzoic acid, cellulose xanthogenate, cellulose palmi- tate, pigments and coloring matter. Behal, A. Assigned—Special Products Co. US.P -—831,028 Issued—Sept. 18, 1906 ' Borneol is dissolved in a patcene for nitrocellulose, and nitrocellulose which has been moistened with alcohol is in- timately mixed with the solution of borneol and some camphor, and the solvent eliminated after the mixture has become homogeneous. Thieme, Oskar Bruno Applied—April 10, 1906 U.S.P.—831,488 Issued—Sept. 18, 1906 Tetra substituted ureas are used as substitutes for camphor in plastic pyroxylin compositions. Type Formula: Pyroxylin™’ 370.5. see 2 parts Diethyl diphenyl urea ...... 1 part Optional Constituents:—Camphor, tetra- phenylurea. Krais, Paul Applied—March 6, 1905 Assigned—Bradford Dyers’ Ass’n, Ltd. US.P.—834,913 Issued—Nov. 6, 1906 Iso-amyl formate is a good solvent for pyroxylin. Lacquers thus prepared are used for coating textiles. UNITED STATES PATENTS 49 Goldsmith, B. B. Applied—Jan. 24, 1903 U. S. P.—841,509 Issued—Jan. 15, 1907 Vulcanized oils, such as corn oil with pyroxylin and some common solvent such as amyl acetate form lacquers and plastic masses. Turpentine imparts brilliancy to the film. Optional Constituents:—Vulcanized non- or semi-drying oils, vulcanized drying oils, coloring matter, fusel oil, benzene. Aylsworth, Jonas W. Applied—May 31, 1906 Assigned—New Jersey Patent Co. U.S.P.—855,556 Issued—June 4, 1907 A halogenized fatty acid or deriva- tive thereof is used in conjunction with acetone as a solvent for cellulose esters. Chlorinated stearic acid is specifically mentioned. Closmann, E. A. Applied—May 3, 1904 US.P.—861,435 Issued—July 30, 1907 The process of coating linen with a composition of pyroxylin dissolved in amyl acetate and containing a dye or coloring material in suspension. Type Formula: OEE Sy ee 5 parts LE yal 2 1 part By aGetate cc. eel ee eee 94 parts See also Can. Pat. 110,622. Waite, C. N. Applied—Nov. 20, 1906 US.P.—874,879 Issued—Dec. 24, 1907 A coating composed of cellulose ester dissolved in alcohol and ether, and containing as a softening agent castor oil, is used for rendering dress- shields waterproof. Rouxeville, E. A. L. Applied—June 3, 1907 U.S.P.—881,827 Issued—March 10, 1908 A celluloid substitute composed of a solution of nitrocellulose mixed with a polymerized product of the oil of Optional turpentine or its equivalents. Acetone is used as a solvent. Doerflinger, Wm. F. Applied—Sept. 14, 1906 US.P.—884,475 ' Issued—April 14, 1908 A ready mixed paint comprising a pigment containing bronze powder, and a solution of organic acid cellu- lose ester in a volatile solvent which does not react with the bronze powder. A neutralizing agent may be added to neutralize any free acid present in the solvent. Type Formula: Cellulose acetate ........... I UELOUG Fe tice see ce Oe 1 gal. Anhydrous sodium carbonate : Metallic gold bronze powder 1.5 lbs. Constituents:—Gum resins, oils, castor oil, cellulose butyrate, acetate of starch. Lilienfeld, Leon Applied—Jan. 8, 1908 US.P.—888,516 Assigned—George H. Winterbottom Issued—May 26, 1908 The treatment of fabrics with com- bination of nitrocellulose or acetylcel- lulose, either alone or mixed together or with other dressing materials, with organic acid esters of high boiling point, particularly with phthalic acid ester. Type Formula: Nitrocellulose .......... 100 parts Ethyl phthalate ........ 50-150 parts Methyl alcohol Optional Constituents :—Celluloid, cellu- lose acetate, acetone, ethyl alcohol, acetic anhydride, ethyl acetate, amyl acetate, butyl acetate, glue, gelatin, resins, albuminous substances. Schraube, C. & Loudien, E. Applied—June 12, 1906 U.S.P.—892,899 Issued—July 7, 1908 A celluloid-like substance containing nitrocellulose and ethylethenyltrich- loramidin. See also—D.R.P. 180,126. See also Fr. Pat. 366,106. See also—Eng. Pat. 10228A—1906. 50 Marino, P. Applied—April 18, 1907 U.S.P—893,634 Issued—July 21, 1908 Celluloid is dissolved, then a min- eral salt such as barium chromate, carbon tetrachloride or tetrabromide, trichlornithromethane and cyanogen added to the solution and thoroughly mixed and allowed to stand in a closed vessel 24 hrs. Then a formaldehyde solution is added and after allowing to stand for 8 to 10 hrs., the material is rolled or molded as desired. See also D.R.P. 206,471. Fr. Pat. 376,398. Eng. Pat. 5891—1907. Dosselman, Gustave Applied—Jan. 2, 1904 Assigned—Adams & Elting Co. U.S.P.—893,987 | Issued—July 21, 1908 A finishing material containing pig- ment dissolved in methyl alcohol, amyl acetate collodion, shellac to act as a binder for the pigment and cotton, and glycerine or a wax to serve as an evaporation retarder. Type Formula: Shellac esis das eee Cae 1 part Amyl acetate collodion ..... 2 parts Wood alcohol Pigment Optional Constituents:—Benzol, vege- table gum, glycerine, wax. Bethisy, L. L. Applied—May 4, 1907 U.S.P.—894,108 Issued—July 21, 1908 A plastic material obtained by the > action of a hydrocarbon (preferably essential oil of aspic or its chemical substitute) on tetranitrocellulose, the mass being subsequently subjected to the action of a mixture of sulfuric acid, ether, acetone, amyl acetate, alcohol and a solution of Unona selanica. See also Eng. Pat. 11,397—1907; Fr. Pat. 368,004. Raschig, Friedrich Applied—June 27, 1908 U.S.P.—900,204 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER Issued—Oct. 6, 1908 This patent covers the partial or total substitution of camphor in cel- luloid-like bodies by cyclohexanol or cyclohexanone. See D.R.P.—174,914. Lilienfeld, Leon Applied—Oct. 2, 1906 U.S.P.—904,269 Issued—Nov. 17, 1908 The process of treating surfaces, which comprises preliminarily treating the surface with a water repellent acyclic carbon compound and subse- quently applying a coating consisting of a substance of the cellulose group and mica. Optional Constituents:—Wax, paraffin, stearin, starch, wheat flour, rubber, glue, glycerine, castor oil, pigments. Goldsmith, Byron B. Applied—Nov. 28, 1903 U.S.P.—909,288 Issued—Jan. 12, 1909 The process of enameling leather which: consists in supplying it with a surface containing pyroxylin and then applying thereto a solution containing pyroxylin, and drying oil and a flexi- bility-imparting substance such as a non-drying oil. Type Formula: Pyroxylin. &4.4..0ss5 5 6 oz. Amyl acetate cc: sau oeeeenle 1 gal. Linseed oil or linseed oil var- Mish .. ss ésweway 0 0b alee Optional Constituents :—Benzine, turpen- tine, pigments. Krais, Paul M. Applied—Dec. 16, 1903 US.P.—922, 295 Issued—May 18, 1909 The process of treating fabrics with a very dilute solution of a cellulose ester in one of the usual solvents, preferably amyl acetate. This patent is interesting, because it describes the spray-application of nitrocellulose. Schloss, Albert Applied—March 12, 1909 Assigned—Furst Guido Donners UNITED STATES PATENTS 51 Marck’sche Kunstseiden & Acetat- werke. U.S.P.—922,340 Issued—May 18, 1909 Formic acid is recommended as a solvent for cellulose acetate. See also Eng. Pat. 6554, 1909. Pearson, Herbert Applied—Oct. 8, 1907 U.S.P.—927,674 Issued—July 13, 1909 A solution of nitrocellulose in ace- tone is used as a coating for straw hats. A decolorizing agent such as sulfurous acid may be incorporated in small quantities. De Montlord, Georges R. Applied—Nov. 4, 1907 US.P.—928,235 Issued—July 13, 1909 A composition to be used for the manufacture of a non-cracking patent leather. Type Formula: Ethyl acetate .......... 100 parts Nitrocellulose ........... 4-12 parts SN ase iste, Gothnk 2 parts OMS OE AOA! dad sig dies oes k «0.0 3-12 parts Pure grain alcohol...... 10-80 parts Spirits of turpentine..... 1- 4 parts ES Es Optional Constituents: -—Aluminum salts, vegetable oils. Kraemer, Gustav Applied—June 24, 1907 US.P.—942,395 Issued—Dec. 7, 1909 The process of treating textiles with a solution of nitrocellulose with chlorhydrin and an aromatic deriva- tive of a sulfo-acid. Type Formula: OOS ee 100 parts La ee ee ies 450 parts OR ORLONGS. ia aod nce ss os 350 parts Pichiornydrin ......... 50- 60 parts P-toluol-sulfo-chlorid 25- 35 parts Optional Constitwents:—Dichlorhydrin, epichlorhydrin, coloring matter. See also Eng. Pat. 26,201 of 1905. French Pat. 379,589. Vender, V. Applied—Dec. 8, 1906 U.S.P.—946,294 Issued—Jan. 11, 1910 An aqueous solution of acetin is used as a gelatinizing agent for nitro- cellulose. Maxim, Hudson Applied—Oct. 7, 1904 US.P—951,445 Issued—March 8, 1910 Trinitro-methyl-phenol is recom- mended as a solid, non volatile sol- vent for pyroxylin. Special use in ex- plosives. Schroeder, C.; Levi, L. E.; & Lasche, J. M. Applied—May 21, 1909 U.S.P.—951,582 Issued—March 8, 1910 A coating composition composed of a cellulose compound, an inorganic salt of a fatty acid, a balsam, and a solvent. Gums—dammar, elemi, mas- tic, shellac, sandarach—may also be incorporated. Type Formula: DOGHPICOn ts tenes chien inte as 40 c.c. Calcium recinoleate ......... 1 gm Venice turpentine .......... 1 c.c Algohal esta: des wos oe 8 c.c. Optional Constituents :—Dinitrocellulose, acetyl cellulose, cellulose xanthates, tricetycellulose, oxycellulose, Canadian balsam, Peru balsam, Tolu balsam, copaiba balsam, calcium caprylate, barium caprylate, strontium caprylate, magnesium stearate, calcium oleate, calcium linoleate. Berend, Ludwig Applied—April 16, 1909 Assigned—Commercial Products Co. US.P.—952,724 Issued—March 22, 1910 The production of a plastic and elastic substance consisting of a homo- geneous mixture of nitrocellulose and a formaldehyde condensation product such as casein formaldehyde. Gums such as shellac may also be incor- porated. Optional Constituents:—Casein, albu- 52 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER men, phenol, glycerine, formaldehyde, paraformaldehyde, anhydroformalde- hydeanilin, anhydroformaldehydeanilin resinate, glue, anilin, shellac, nitrocellu- lose, acetyl cellulose, camphor. © Jaeger, Paul Applied—Feb. 26, 1909 U.S.P.—953,621 Issued—March 29, 1910 A combined filler and stain for wood surfaces and the like, consisting of the mixture of collodion, a spirit stain and a solution in ether of a fat and rosin. Type Formula: SPIT BLD eo eee ee 2 parts Ether saturated with fat or tallow, > oe. ee kade ae Wee ee 1 part Pyroxylin® solutien: 225.42). 48 1 part Optional Constituents :—Rosin. Lederer, L. USP.—954,310 Issued—April 5, 1910 A substance containing acetyl cellu- lose is subjected to the action of a solution of acetic anhydride and sul- furic acid, until a film of acetyl cellu- lose of the desired thickness has been formed thereon, the acid being re- moved by washing with water. Lindsay, William G. Applied—June 26, 1909 Assigned—The Celluloid Co. U.S.P.—961,360 Issued—June 14, 1910 A composition of matter containing nitrocellulose and benzyl benzoate to render the material elastic. Optional Constituents:—Alcohol, wood spirit, amyl acetate. Aylsworth, Jonas W. Applied—May 31, 1906 US.P—962,877 Issued—June 28, 1910 A celluloid composition, comprising pyroxylin or other cellulose esters, combined with a halogenized fatty acid or its derivatives, which serves to render the compound non-inflammable. Optional Constituents:—Methyl, ethyl, propyl or amyl ester of a halogenized fatty acid such as stearic, palmitic or myristic acid; acetone. 4 Mork, Harry Applied—May 6, 1910 Assigned—Chemical Products Co. US.P.—972,464 Issued—Oct. 11, 1910 A lacquer consisting of a cellulose ester of a fatty acid dissolved in methyl formate, in admixture with another solvent, if desired. Optional Constitwents:—Acetylene tetra- chloride, phenol, benzol, carbon tetra- chloride, acetone. Walker, H. V. Assigned—Maas & Waldstein Co. US,P.—972,953 Issued—Oct. 18, 1911 A pyroxylin solvent is made by re- acting on gas naphtha with alkali bicarbonate and hydrochlorite, and separating the oily portion from the aqueous portion and distilling the oily portions with calcium hydroxide. See also French Pat. 421,058. See also Can. Pat. 132,232. Leder, P. H. A. Applied—June 22, 1909 Assigned—% E. E. Quandt & % Alex. M. Hanline. US.P.—974,285 ~~ Issued—Nov. 1, 1910 An acid-proof, odorless and tasteless coating composition is obtained by dissolving cellulose or pyroxylin in a suitable solvent and adding thereto between three and ten per cent of a solution of sulphur in acetone or chloroform and evaporating to dry- ness, Optional Constituents:—Filler. Maxim, Hudson Applied—March 24, 1905 U.S.P.—974,900 Issued—Nov. 8, 1910 The process of gelatinizing pyroxy- liv consisting in the use of tri-nitrani- sol and a solvent such as acetone. Special use in explosives. CHO Constituents :—Trinitrophene- tol. Claessen, C. H. Applied—June 7, 1910 Assigned—E. I. DuPont De Nemours Powder Co. x UNITED STATES PATENTS 53 US.P.—979,431 Issued—Dec. 27, 1910 A composition of matter containing 97% nitrocellulose gunpowder and 3% fenchone. Special use gunpowder. Optional Constituents:—Acetone, ether, alcohol. Diesser, G. G. Applied—Aug. 14, 1908 US.P.—981,178 Issued—Jan. 10, 1911 The production of varnishes by heat- ing cellulose with fatty acids, above the decomposition temperature. Type Formula: Oxycellulose LEW ooo DAG Oca aE ae 15 parts Optional Constituents:—Wood oils, fatty acids of wood oils, benzol, starch, and castor oil. eooereeerere eee eee Kurz, Leonard Applied—Feb. 10, 1909 US.P.—982,370 Issued—Jan. 24, 1911 A composition of matter for mak- ing gold-leaf. The liquid mixture is floated on water and the resultant film removed. Type Formula: Bronze powder .......... 120 gms Amyl acetate ............ 500 c.c PGNeING wats ede weds. 45 c.c Methylic alcohol ........ 50 c.c. ee LOLS OIE Shes on itdeds ess 3.7 gms. Witrocellulose......:.....: 25.25 gms. Optional Constitwents:—Coloring mat- ter. Becker, Theodor Applied—March 15, 1910 Assigned—F arbenfabriken vorm. Friedr. Bayer and Co. U.S.P.—988,965 Issued—April 11, 1911 A composition of matter composed of a cellulose ester dissolved in di- chlorethylene and alcohol, in admix- ture with other solvents if desired. Type Formula: Cellulose ester ........... 200 parts Dichlorethylene .......... 650 parts ON GS es ea a a eR 150 parts Optional Constituents:—Acetone, chlor- oform. Ach, Lorenz Applied—Dec. 4, 1907 Assigned—F’,, Boehringer & Soehne U.S.P.—996,191 Issued—June 27, 1911 In preparing plastic masses, cyclic oxides (compounds with oxygen in a ring) are good substitutes for cam- phor. Type Formula: Eevrouyliy tiene oan cere ete 60 parts wt. Alconol shovarcvcoses «tes 30 parts wt. Methylene glycerine ... 40 parts wt. Optional Constitwents:—Cineol, pinol, paraldehyde, glycid, glycid acetate, ethyl glycid ether, methylene ethylene ether, glycerin monochlor hydrinefor- mal, erithritidiformal, adonitediformal, rhamnitediformal, §mannitetriformal, ethylideneglycolether, ethylidenepropy- lene ether, acetoglycerol, triethylidene- mannite, acetone-glycerine, diaceton- erybite, diacetone arabite, diacetone . adonite, triacetone mannite, Pee dene glycerin, camphor, Ellis, Carleton Applied—Nov. 9, 1907 Assigned—Ellis-Foster Co. U.S.P.—999,490 Issued—Aug. 1, 1911 Chloral derivatives of organic bodies containing hydroxyl groups (such as castor oil) are good substitutes for camphor in preparing plastic mate- rials. The usual solvents may bé pres- ent and various cellulose esters may be used. Type Formula: Nitrocellulosds 3. recess. 60% Camphor iets. eat ce ahehe Se 20% Castor oil-chloral comp. ...... 20% Optional Constituents:—Cellulose stear- ate, cellulose oleate, cellulose benzoate, cellulose acetate, cellulose formate, tale, zinc white, oxide of iron, Prus- sian blue, wood flour, acetone, wood alcohol, denatured alcohol, methyl acetone, methyl ethyl ketone. Doerflinger, Wm. F. Applied—May 16, 1910 Assigned—¥4 to The Perry-Austen Manufacturing Co. 54 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER US.P.—1,003,438 Issued—Sept. 19, 1911 A solution consisting of cellulose acetate in diacetone alcohol, with or without nitrocellulose. See also Eng. Pat. 11,728, 1911. French Pat. 429,754. Mijnssen, Carl Applied—Dec. 27, 1909 U.S.P.—1,005,454 Issued—Oct. 10, 1911 Plastic masses consisting of cellu- lose acetate in combination with sol- vents such as phenols are used for manufacturing hard sheets that are good insulators for electricity. Type Formula: Cellulose. acetate ..5'qi es obese 100 Chhloralorni.:< cesta ee see ee 800 Alcohol i cgukch cuxpeeee eae 100 Acetophenone) sya einis eet eee 60 Optional Constitwents:—Chlorhydrins, guaiacol, acetin, anilin, acetophenone, chloroform, acetone. See also Aust. Pat. 50,656. Walker, Wm. H. Applied—Sept. 12, 1908 US.P.—1,009,116 Issued—Nov. 21, 1911 A good lacquer is obtained by mix- ing together an organic cellulose ester with a halogen substitution product of ethane and a liquid which alone would be a non-solvent for the ester. Type Formula: Cellulose Acetate ......... 1 part Acetylene tetrachloride .... 12 parts Wood aleohol =; vse sere 1 part Galay, Jacob & Galay, Boris Applied—Sept. 21, 1909 US.P.—1,011,181 Issued—Dec, 12, 1911 In coating surfaces with metal pow- ders, a composition consisting of col- lodion and an oil or glycerin is used. Type Formula: Collodion -U.cives eee 100 parts Powdered metal .......... 3 parts Glycerin” 2. se eb eae 2-37% Optional Constituents:—Castor oil, mineral oil, anilin dyes. Medveczky, Sigismund Applied—Nov. 15, 1910 U.S.P.—1,012,887 Issued—Dec. 26, 1911 A compns. of matter obtained by boiling together celloidin (celluloid), a solution of a water-soluble silicate, adding a metal oxide such as lead oxide, quartz powder and some resin- ous material. The liquid mixture is used as a paint, and has a glossy ap- pearance. Type Formula: Sodium silicate... 100 parts Quartz powder... 20 parts Lead oxide...... 5 parts Celloidin -..45.505 as much as dissolves Resinous material 0.25-1.5 parts Optional Constituents:—Gum _ copal, kauri gum, camphor, coloring matter, potassium silicate, calcium oxide, mag- nesium oxide, kaolin, talcum, pumice, fluorspar. Eichengrun, Arthur Applied—Jan. 21, 1910 US.P.—1,015,155 Issued—Jan. 16, 1912 See also U.S.P. 1,015,156 A composition comprising a cellu- ‘lose acetate dissolved in an alcohol and a hydrocarbon viz.—a mixture of ethyl alcohol and toluol. The ester. is insoluble at room temperature but soluble at the boiling temperature of the solvents. If a true solvent such as acetone or acetic acid is then added a viscous solution results. Type Formula: Cellulose acetate ............ 2 kg. Ethyl alcohol -..2.. ous 10 kg. Benzene 4% +s«s ses teen 10 kg. Optional Constitwents:—Methyl alco- hol, toluol, acetone, acetic ether, acetic acid, dichlorhydrin, acetate of gly- cerine, ether of lactic acid, aceto- chlorhydrin, camphor, primary aro- matic amins, aromatic nitro com- pounds, phenol derivatives. See also U.S.P.—1,015,156. Can. Pat. 129,265. Eichengrun, Arthur Applied—Original date Jan. 21, 1910; Feb. 9, 1911 . UNITED STATES PATENTS 50 U.S.P.—1,015,156 Issued—Jan. 16, 1912 Cellulose acetate while insoluble in either alcohol or hydrocarbon (toluol) is soluble in a mixture thereof at the boiling temperature. The subsequent addition of a true solvent (acetone, acetic acid, etc.) produces a plastic mass suitable for working. Type Formula: Cellulose acetate ......... 1 kg. Methyl alcohol ........... 2 kg. deh ae Ae 1 kg. Acetylmethylanilin ........ 150 gms. Hpichiornydrin 46600366. « 100 gms. Optional Constituents:—Benzol, _ tri- chloranilin, coloring matter, resins, white zinc, graphite, mica, asbestos, powdered metal, phenol derivatives, acetone, acetic ether, acetic acid, dichlorhydrin, acetate of glycerine, ether of lactic acid, camphor, primary aromatic amins, secondary aromatic amins, aromatic sulfo compounds, aro- matic nitro compounds. See also U.S.P—1,015,156. See also Can. Pat. 129,265. See also Aust. Pat. 47,899. See also Swiss Pat. 51,952. Bladen, Walter C. Applied—Dec. 30, 1911 Assigned—Aaron C, Horn. U.S.P.—1,021,569 Issued—March 26, 1912 A paint for coating concrete, par- ticularly suited to reduce the absorb- ing action of the porous undersurface. Nitrocellulose, a drying oil (tung oil) or a fatty acid derived therefrom, a non-drying oil (oleic acid), a resin or gum and a suitable ester or ketone sol- vent mixture. This patent describes the use of various gums—sandarac yielding a dull finish and dammar and Manila copal a glossy one. The use of gums in lacquers to increase body without increasing viscosity is clearly described. The use of a high-boiling solvent such as amyl acetate to pre- vent blush is specified. The use of diluents such as petroleum hydrocar- bons is described and caution in their use (owing to incompatibility with nitrocellulose) is mentioned. Type Formula: Amyl acetate =a als 7 parts Bensaler wis Gestion: os ics 16 parts Methyl aleohol aie sivk sens 30 parts AGCLONG: Fad Abas cue + Se 7 parts Soluble cotton so sdinceees. 8 parts PAMCEIAG TAS ei vipa ere 10 parts Olei¢ acid... ..6s.n0.- re eee 10 parts Fatty acids of tung oil...... 10 parts Optional Constituents:—Manganese oleate, petrolatum, oil of mirbane, Russian turpentine, dammar, manila copal, methyl acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, linseed oil, fish oil, corn oil, soy bean oil, cotton seed oil. Taylor, Edwin Applied—May 18, 1910 Assigned—Union Clay Products Co. U.S.P.—1,025,217 Issued—May 7, 1912 A composition containing vulcan- ized oil, nitrated oil, nitrocellulose and clay suitable for insulating wires; as tops of rubber boots, etc. Type Formula: Vulcanized oil and clay.... 100 parts Nitra teds Olas ja ieeakes wise», 390: parts Nitrocellulose ............. 10 parts Optional Constituents:—Nitrated resin, acetone. Lindsay, W. G. Applied—August 10, 1911 Assigned—The Celluloid Co. U.S.P.—1,027,486 Issued—May 28, 1912 Composition of matter consisting of acetyl cellulose dissolved in a mixture of acetodichlorhydrin and alcohol in admixture with other solvents. The solvent power of the acetodichlor- hydrin is greatly increased by the presence of alcohol. Type Formula: Acetyl cellulose .... 1 pt. (by wt.) Acetodichlorhydrin . 3 pts. (by vol.) Methyl alcohol .... 2 pts. (by vol.) Optional Constituents:—Ethyl alcohol, coloring matter, inert substances. Lindsay, W. G. Applied—Aug. 10, 1911 Assigned—Celluloid Co, N. Y. 56 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER US.P.—1,027,614 Issued—May 28, 1912 A lacquer consisting of a solution of acetyl cellulose in ethylenechlor- hydrin, in admixture with other sub- stances, if desired. Type Formula: Acetyl cellulose Ethylenechlorhydrin 10 parts Optional Constitwents:—Alcohol, ether, acetone, ethyl acetate, camphor, cam- phor substitutes, epichlorhydrin, chlor- oform. Lindsay, W. G. Applied—Aug. 10, 1911 Assigned—Celluloid Co. of N. ae US.P.—1,027,615 Issued—May 28, 1912 ee A lacquer composition consisting of a solution of acetyl cellulose in ethy- lene-acetochlorhydrin, in admixture with other substances if desired. Type Formula: Acetyl cellulose Ethyleneacetochlorhydrin .. 10 parts Optional Constituents:—Methyl] alcohol, ethyl alcohol, acetone, ethyl acetate, camphor, camphor substitutes, ether, epichlorhydrin. Lindsay, W. G. Applied—Aug. 10, 1911 Assigned—Celluloid Co. of N. Y. U.S.P.—1,027,616 Issued—May 28, 1912 A solution of acetyl cellulose in a mixture of ethylene chloride and alco- hol. Other solvents may be included if desired. Ethylene chloride by itself is not a sol. for cellulose acetate. The solvent action decreases when the pro- portions given are varied. Type Formula: Methyl alcohol ........... 21% parts Ethylene chloride ........ 1 part Optional Constituents:—Ethyl alcohol, chloroform, epichlorhydrin, acetone, camphor, ether. Lindsay, W. G. Applied—Aug. 11, 1911 Assigned—Celluloid Co. of N. Y. USP.—1,027,617 Issued—May 28, 1912 Nitrocellulose dissolved in ethylene chlorhydrin forms a liquid useful as a lacquer. Other solvents may be added. Type Formula: Nitrocellulose .........ces. 1 part Ethylenechlorhydrin ....... 10 parts Optional Constituents:—Methyl] alcohol, ethyl alcohol, acetone, ethyl acetate. Lindsay, W. G. Applied—August 11, 1911 Assigned—The Celluloid Co. U.S.P.—1,027,618 Issued—May 28, 1912 Ethyleneacetochlorhydrin dissolves nitrocellulose to form a liquid suitable for use in lacquers or plastics. Other solvents may be added. Type Formula: Nitrocellulose - ..:d.si¢0 eee 1 part Ethylene-acetochlorhydrin . 10 parts Optional Constituents:—Methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, acetone, ethyl acetate. Lindsay, W. G. Applied—Aug. 25, 1911 Assigned—Celluloid Co. of N. Y. US.P.—1,027,619 Issued—May 28, 1912 A lacquer composed of acetyl cellu- lose dissolved in a solvent of relatively high volatility to which benzyl ben- zoate, itself a non-solvent for acetyl cellulose and of low volatility is added. The formed film is rendered flexible by the benzyl benzoate. Type- Formula: Acetyl cellulose ......... 12 sare Asetoné ©), .2... 7s 10 __—s parts Triphenyl phosphate..... 2 part Urea, .. ied cee ee oe 01 part Benzyl benzoate ........ 2-5 parts Bronnert, Emile Applied—March 25, 1911 Assigned—The Firm of Vereinigte Glanzstoff-Fabriken A-G. US.P.—1,029,341 Issued—June 11, 1912 A composition of matter consisting of formyl esters of cellulose dissolved in lactic acid. UNITED STATES PATENTS 57 Type Formula: TICLE te a. ori ens 7 parts PEO AIO Wess nic ® hans s0's-s 100 parts UNS Ube be ee 50 parts The formic acid is removed by vacuum ° distillation. Benrath, P., Damm, E. & Stephani, O. Assigned to Farbenfabr. vorm. F. Bayer & Co. U.S.P.—1,031,616 Issued—July 2, 1912 See F. P. 408,370 See also Eng. Pat. 11,854—1909. Walker, W. H. Applied—Oct. 23, 1905 U.S.P.—1,035,108 Issued—Aug. 6, 1912 A composition of matter consisting of a solution of acetyl cellulose in acetylene tetrachloride and another solvent, which may be a non-solvent for cellulose acetate. Type Formula: Cellulose acetate ....... 1 part Acetylene tetrachloride . 10-12 parts Optional Constituents:—Chloroform, acetone, wood alcohol, benzol. See also U. S. P—452,776. Mork, Harry S. Applied—March 17, 1910 Assigned—Chemical Products Co. US.P.—1,039,782 Issued—October 1, 1912 A solvent for cellulose acetate con- sisting of methyl chloracetate, together with another solvent and a monohydric alcohol of the paraffin series boiling below 80° C., if desired. The presence of the non-solvent alcohol increases the solvent power of the methyl chloracetate. The high boiling point of the methyl chloracetate (129° C.) prevents moisture blush. Type Formula: Cellulose acetate ............. Lalb. Methyl chloracetate ......... 1 gal. Optional Constituents:—Alcohol, ace- tone, chloroform, benzol, carbon- tetrachloride. Lindsay, W. G. Applied—August 25, 1911 Assigned—Celluloid Co. of N. Y. US.P—1,041,112 Issued—Oct. 15, 1912 A composition of matter consisting of acetyl cellulose dissolved in a mix- ture of pentachlorethane and methyl alcohol in conjunction with other sol- vents, liquid or solid, and inert mate- rial. Type Formula: Pentachlorethane ............ Methyleslcoholtaw.). 204%. 3: Lindsay, W. G. Filed—November 6, 1911 Assigned—Celluloid Co. US.P.—1,041,113 Issued—Oct. 15, 1912 The process of making plastic com- pounds of cellulose acetate consisting in (1) incorporating ethyl para toluol- sulphonamid and triphenyl phosphate with an acetyl cellulose which is solu- ble in acetone; (2) Adding methyl alcohol; (3) Allowing the mixture to stand at room temperature in a closed vessel until it becomes gelatinized. Optional Constituents:—Tricresyl phos- phate, toluolsulphonamid, benzene sulphonamid, ethyl acetanilid, methyl acetanilid, ethyl alcohol. Lindsay, W. G. Applied—November 7, 1911 Assigned—Celluloid Co. of N. Y. U.S.P.—1,041,114 Issued—October 15, 1912 A composition of matter consisting of a solution of cellulose acetate in a mixture of trichlorhydrin and one or more of the mentioned groups of alco- hols (methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol), said trichlorhydrin, and alcohol or alcohols being in equal volumes, in combination with other substances either in liquid or solid form. Type Formula: Acetyl cellulose ........ 1 part wt Trichlorhyvdrinw. 27a. see 5 parts wt Ethyl alcohol ........... 5 parts wt. Optional Constituents :—Methyl alcohol, ether, acetone, camphor and its substi- tutes, epichlorhydrin, chloroform, col- oring matter. 58 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER Lindsay, W. G. Applied Nov. 27, 1911 Assigned—Celluloid Co. of N. Y. U.S.P.—1,041,115 Issued—Oct. 15, 1912 See also U.S.P.—1,041,116 A process of dissolving acetone— soluble cellulose acetate by mixing with camphor and triphenyl phosphate and adding methyl alcohol. The ad- dition of the phosphate renders the material non-inflammable. Type Formula: Acetyl cellulose ....... 100 parts am phor 4 tsi an ee 15— 35 parts Triphenylphosphate .... 10— 25 parts Hthyl ;alcohol, 3..46 ta 40— 50 parts Optional Constituents:—Tricresylphos- phate, coloring matter, inert material. See also U.S.P. 1,041,115. Lindsay, W. G. Applied—Nov. 27, 1911 Assigned—The Celluloid Co. of N. Y. U.S.P.—1,041,117 Issued—Oct. 15, 1912 Process of dissolving acetone-soluble cellulose acetate in tetrachlorethyl acetanilid, triphenylphosphate and methyl alcohol. Type Formula: Acetyl cellulose ....... 100 parts Tetrachlorethyl acetani- See tae ee eo ene 15— 25 parts Triphenylphosphate .... 15- 25 parts Methyl alcohol ........ 40— 50 parts Optional Constituents:—Trichlormethyl acetanilid, tricresylphosphate, coloring matter, inert material. See also U.S.P.—1,041,118. Lindsay, W. G. . Appled—Nov. 27, 1911 Assigned—The Celluloid Co. of N. Y. U.S.P.—1,041,118 Issued—Oct. 15, 1912 Process of dissolving acetone-soluble cellulose acetate by means of a mix- ture of triphenylphosphate, tetrachlor- ethyl acetanilid and ethyl alcohol. Type Formula: Acetyl cellulose ....... Triphenylphosphate .... 100 parts 10- 30 parts Tetrachlorethyl acetani- lid: iss $30 5a 25— 35 parts Kthyl alcohol sAg..095 50- 70 parts Optional Constituents:—Tricresylphos- phate, trichlormethyl acetanilid, color- ing material, inert matter. See also U.'S.P.—1,041,117. Schmidt, Otto; Lutz, George & Eich- ler, T. Applied—June 13, 1912 Assigned—Badische Anilin & Soda Fabrik U.S.P.—1,045,895 Issued—Dee. 3, 1912 A lacquer composed of nitrocellulose and an ester of a completely hydro- genized cyclic alcohol containing from five to six carbon atoms in the ring. Such esters are claimed to be prefer- able to amyl acetate. Other materials may be added if desired. Type Formula: Nitrocellulose ...........s Cyclo-hexanol acetate..... 100 parts Optional Constituents :—Camphor, beta- methyl-cyclopentanol acetate, esters of hexahydrophenols, esters of cyclo- pentanols, alcohol, castor oil, cyclo- hexanol formate, methyl-cyclohexanol formate. See also Eng. Pat. 3869, 1912. D.RP. 251,351. Swiss Pat. 59,164. Swiss Pat. 61, 611. Lindsay, W. G. Applied—May 5, 1909 Assigned—The Celluloid Co. of N. Y. U.S.P.—1,045,990 Issued—Dec, 3, 1912 A cellulose acetate lacquer or plastic containing triphenylphosphate to de- crease inflammability, urea to render the film stable, and solvents. Type Formula: Acetyl cellulose .......... 100 parts Urea... .20: co 1-2 parts Solvents: :.... cnn ee eee ad lib. Lindsay, W. G. . Applied—May 5, 190 Assigned—The Celluloid Co. of N. Y. U.S.P.—1,050,065 . Issued—Jan. 7, 1913 The process of making a non-inflam- | | . | ee aS ah Oe ee eee ee ee ee ee ee ee Se aN ee ee ee, ae =, OOS eo vs Us oe UNITED STATES PATENTS 59 mable composition of matter by com- bining acetyl cellulose and tripheny]l- phosphate by the use of a solvent common to both. Urea is added as a stabilizer. Solvents such as acetone may be added to produce a lacquer. Type Formula: Acetyl cellulose ........ 100 parts Triphenylphosphate ..... 10-20 parts Optional Constituents:—Urea, acetone, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetylene tetrachloride. See also U.S.P.—1,067,785. Lindsay, Wm. G. Applied—April 8, 1911 Orig. May 5, 1909 Assigned—The Celluloid Co. of N. Y. U.S.P.—1,067,785 Issued—July 15, 1913 A composition of matter consisting of acetone-soluble cellulose acetate, triphenylphosphate, in admixture with a solvent common to both. Triphenyl- phosphate increases both the strength and tenacity and also insures non- inflammability. Urea is added as a stabilizer. Type Formula: Cellulose acetate .... 100 parts Triphenylphosphate... 10 —- 20 parts iy Ok ee Aaa 1%- 2 parts BOWVETL EEE Ss Gyidcc sites 0s ad lib. Optional Constitwents:—Diphenylamin, trichlorphenol, tricresylphosphate, phenolsalicylate, acetone, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetylene tetrachloride, alcohols, coloring matter, pigments. See also U.S.P.—1,050,065. Lindsay, W. G. Applied—Nov. 27, 1911 Assigned—The Celluloid Co. of N. Y. U.S.P.—1,076,215 Issued—Oct. 21, 1913 The process of making acetyl cellu- lose plastic masses which comprises incorporating an acetone-soluble acetyl cellulose with camphor in the presence of a small proportion of methyl] alco- hol. Ethyl alcohol is described as in- operative for this use. Type Formula: Cellulose acetate ....... 100 parts c7atOpnGr. Fe, See. eis + oe 25-40 parts Methyl alcohol ......... 40-60 parts Optional Constituents:—Coloring mat- ter, pigments, Lindsay, W. G. Applied—Nov. 27, 1911 Assigned—The Celluloid Co. of N. Y. U.S.P.—1,076,216 Issued—Oct. 21, 1913 The process of making acetyl cellu- lose plastic masses which comprises . incorporating an acetone-soluble acetylcellulose with camphor in the presence of a small proportion of ethyl alcohol and heating. Type Formula: Cellulose acetate ....... 100 parts Camphorewytcer ne... 25-40 parts Ethyl alconoloses.. 22.3. 40-60 parts Optional Constituents:—Coloring mat- ter, pigments. Koller, Gustav Applied—Feb. 8, 1912 U.S.P.—1,079,773 Issued—Nov. 25, 1913 The process of dissolving cellulose esters in the presence of phenols with chlorine substitution products of ethy- lene containing more than two atoms of chlorine. The cellulose composi- tion can be prepared in a gelatinous form by an excess of the chlorine com- pound or by the materials mentioned below. Type Formula: Cellulose acetate .......... 1 part Garbolict A6id. o.oo. os asi 2 parts Trichlorethylene .......... 20 parts Optional Constituents:—Water, alcohol, benzine, petroleum spirit, perchlorethy- lene. Masland, Walter E. Applied—Oct. 7, 1912 Assigned—E. I. Du Pont de Nemours Power Co. U.S.P.—1,082,543 Issued—Dec. 30, 1913 A lacquer comprising a chlorolefin mixed with, and rendering miscible a plurality of normally immiscible 60 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER liquids. Chlorolefins are not solvents for pyroxylin. Chlorolefins are cheaper and claimed to have other advantages over fusel oil which it re- places, Type Formula: WW O00 “siogbinl: coos st eee 50 parts BOD AIIE NS ees os cee cere oem 50 parts Chiorolefing’ is cesetneese 4 6 parts Weedon, Wm. Stone Applied—June 27, 1912 Assigned—E,. I. duPont de Nemours Co. U.S.P.—1,082,573 Issued—Dec. 30, 1913 The process of dissolving nitro- cellulose in an aldehyde-alcohol such as acetaldol. See also Eng. Pat. 22,623, 1912. Fr. Pat. 449,606 D.R.P. 292,951. Swiss Pat. 63,136. Aust. Pat. 72,493. Masland, Walter Applied—Oct. 5, 1912 Assigned—E. I. du Pont de Nemours Powder Co. U.S.P.—1,084,702 Issued—Jan. 20, 1914 A solvent comprising a plurality of miscible solvent bodies including an alkylene diacetate. The resultant so- lution, to which diluents are added, may be used as a lacquer. Type Formula: Nitrocellulose is dissolved in benzol and amylene and hexylene diacetates. A large percentage of benzol being used and a comparatively small per- centage of the diacetates. Danzer, Henry Applied—June 11, 1912 Assigned—Compagnie Generale de Phonographes, Cinematographes et Appareils de Precision. U.S.P.—1,089,910 Issued—March 10, 1914 A plastic composition comprising an acidy] derivative of cellulose and a glycerine derivative in which at least one of the hydroxyl groups of glycer- ine is replaced by an ether-forming or- ganic radical. Optional Constituents:—Diphenyl ether of glycerine, phenylglycid ether, chlo- rine derivatives of diphenyl ether of glycerine, decresyl ethers of glycerine. Rampichini, Francesco Applied—Sept. 6, 1912 U.S.P.—1,089,960 Issued—March 10, 1914 An adhesive fluid for gluing pur- poses, consisting of celluloid, a solvent such as acetone, and a crystallizable organic acid such as oxalic acid to increase the fluidity of the solution. Type Formula: Acetone \ 3.03 suse dee 100 lbs Celluloid ~....= sabe oie eee 20-30 Ibs. Oxalic asid: <).ikc5eceeeeee 14— 2 lbs. Optional Constitwents:—Ether, amyl acetate, ethyl alcohol, tartaric acid, citric acid. See also Eng. Pat. 7086, 1913. Nathan, F. L.; Rintoul, Wm. & Baker, F. Applied—June 4, 1913 Assigned—E. I. DuPont de Nemours Powder Co. U.S.P.—1,090,641 Issued—March 17, 1914 A stabilizer for nitrocellulose com- pounds composed of a urea derivative containing in the amido group at least one unsubstituted hydrogen atom and at least one aromatic radical in sub- stitution for a hydrogen atom of said group. Type Formula: 5% of desired compound is used with the nitrocellulose. Optional Constituents:—Ethyl phenyl urea, phenyl urea, methyl phenyl urea, methyl diphenyl urea. See also French Pat. 459,541. See also Swiss Pat. 65,925. Nathan, F. L.; Rintoul, Wm. & Baker, F, Applied—June 4, 1913 Assigned—E. I. du Pont de Nemours Powder Co. U.S.P.—1,090,642 Issued—March 17, 1914 A stabilizer for nitrocellulose com- pounds, consisting of a derivative of an organic acid amid, in which one of UNITED STATES PATENTS 61 the hydrogen atoms of the amino group is replaced by an aromatic radical, and the radical of the acid contains, at most, carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Type Formula: 5% of desired compound is recom- mended. Optional Constituents :—Formanilid, acet-ortho-toluidid, acet-para-anisidid, acet-B-naphthalid, benz-ortho-anisidid, phenyl-acetanilid, ethyl-acet-B-naph- thalid, phenyl-acet-o-naphthalid. See also French Pat. 459,542. Swiss Pat. 65,139. Nathan, F. L.; Rintoul, Wm. & Baker, F. Applied—June 4, 1913 Assigned—E.. I. du Pont de Nemours Powder Co. U.S.P.—1,090,643 Issued—March 17, 1914 A stabilizer for nitrocellulose com- pounds composed of at least one highly nitrated nitric ester and an ether containing an aryl group con- taining only carbon and hydrogen. Type Formula: 5% of the desired compound is rec- ommended. Optional Constituents:—Diphenyl ether, phenyl-benzyl-ether, ethyl-naphthyl- ether, Phenanthryl-methyl-ether. See also French Pat. 459,539. Swiss Pat. 65,459. Nathan, F. L.; Rintoul, Wm. & Baker, F, Applied—June 4, 1913 Assigned—E,. I. duPont de Nemours Powder Co. U.S.P.—1,090,644 Issued—March 17, 1914 A stabilizer for nitrocellulose com- pounds consisting of at least one highly nitrated nitric ester and an ester of a substituted carbamic acid containing at least one aromatic radical. Type Formula: 5% of the desired compound is recommended. Optional Constituents:—Phenyl ure- thane, methyl-phenyl-urethane, phenyl ester of diphenyl-carbamic acid, phenyl ester of phenyl carbamic acid. See also French Pat. 459,540. Swiss Pat. 65,138. Aylsworth, J. W. Filed—January 2, 1912 Assigned—Condensite Co. of America US.P.—1,094,830 Issued—April 28, 1914 A composition of matter consisting of cellulose acetate and a phenol resin dissolved in acetylene tetrachloride. Type Formula: Cellulose acetate ... 200 parts wt. Phenol resin ....-.. 25-200 parts wt. Acetylene tetrachlo- Tides st cei sce. 100-200 parts wt. Hexamethylene tet- Yantiieeo 26 es cs 2- 12 parts wt. Billert sccm ace meena 2 0-300 parts wt. Optional Constituents:—Cresol resin, chlorinated stearic acid, methyl stear- ate, ethyl stearate, propyl stearate, amyl stearate, methyl palmitate, ethyl palmitate, propyl palmitate, amyl pal- mitate, methyl myristate, ethyl myri- state, propyl myristate, amyl myri- state, phthalic anhydride, “benzoic anhydride,” tetrachlorophenol, acetone, dichlormethane. Reid, D. E. Applied—July 6, 1909 Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. U.S.P.—1,095,999 Issued—May 5, 1914 A solution of cellulose acetate in pentachlorethane and organic sol- vents. The pentachloracethane is used as a volatility retarder. Due to its high boiling point this material acts also as plasticizer, Type Formula: Cellulose acetate ..-..... 1 part Acetonaseiavartve scion ee 4 parts Pentachlorethane ........ 14-1 part Collardon, Louis Applied—Jan. 20, 1913 U.S.P.—1,105,619 Issued—Aug. 4, 1914 Anti-fouling varnish consisting of a condensation product of phenol with an aldehyde combined with a com- 62 pound of poisonous nature and in ad- mixture with a cellulose ester, and a solvent or solvents suitable for both ester and condensate. Optional Constituents:—Mercury com- - pounds, arsenic compounds, carbolic acid, formaldehyde, paraformaldehyde, water, dichlorethylene, trichlorethy- lene, dichlorbenzene, acetone, carbon tetrachloride, collulose formate, cellu- lose acetate, cellulose butyrate, cellu- lose pamitate, jelutong resin, rubber resins, chlorbenzol, tetrachlorethane, perchlorethane, pentachlorethane, hexa- chlorethane. Mork, Harry S. Applied—March 27, 1914 Assigned—Chemical Products Co. US.P.—1,107,222 Issued—Aug. 11, 1914 Cellulose acetate is’ dissolved in acetylene tetrachloride and then co- agulated by means of a mixture of aliphatic hydrocarbons with acetylene tetrachloride in order to prepare fila- ments, films and masses of the cellu- lose acetate. Kerosene is recom- mended as the hydrocarbon. Chalmers, H. B. Filed—Nov. 29, 1909 U.S.P.—1,112,890 Issued—Oct. 6, 1914 A cement of the following compo- sition: Type Formula: Cellulose acetate ............ 1 lb. Chidrotetm: soiree: eine geese 1% gal. Acetone ..... VEE Ie des 1% gal. Castor ol: 224-e8 Bee 1% Oarbolie-adid' 9.58 2 aes 1% Kniffen, Frederick Applied—Oct. 28, 1912 Assigned—E,. I. du Pont de Nemours Powder Co. U.S.P.—1,118,498 Issued—Nov. 24, 1914 A solvent for pyroxylin comprising ethyl acetate and benzol, the latter be-_ ing used as a diluent to cheapen the mixture. As high as 70% of benzol can be used without decreasing the sol- vent power of the ethyl acetate. A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER Type Formula: Pyroxylin <<... Ge.cueeee 8 oz. per gal. Ethyl acetate ........ 1 part Benzol:., ..7oevasereeee 1 part Optional Constituents:—Oils, pigments, gums, resins, Tessler, A. G. Filed—May 4, 1910 Assigned—New Jersey Patent Co. US.P.—1,122,554 Issued—Dec. 29, 1914 A cement of the following compo- sition: Type Formula: Non-inflammable film material 30% Inflammable film material.... 1% Acetone. . si s..0eee eee 47% Chlorofortii “4; iss. ges ee eee 214% % Glacial acetic acid .......... 21%% Amyl acetate -. ss... teen 6% Optional Constituents :—Celluloid, cellu- lose acetate. Graves, S. C. Applied—Jan. 2, 1913 U.S.P.—1,124,012 Issued—Jan. 5, 1915 A coating for wood, metal, etc., com- posed of pyroxylin and dextrin to- gether with suitable solvents. The dextrin serves as a filler. Castor oil may be added to increase flexibility and adhesiveness. Type Formula: Ethyl alcohol .c< cs. éeeeeoee 3 qts. Ether | ..:ccssas aces a ee 1 qt. Pyroxylin% 4 oe ee 4 oz. White dextrin j..c.1..4000eee 4 oz. Castor oil .o.4)..5 See 3 OZ. Turpentine (Canada) ........ 5 oz. Optional Constituents:—Olive oil, pig- ments, methyl alcohol. Lindsay, Wm. G. Applied—Nov. 27, 1911 Assigned—The Celluloid Co. of N. Y. U.S.P.—1,128,468 Issued—Feb. 16, 1915 A plastic mass consisting of cellulose acetate, a tri-aryl-phosphate and ethyl or methyl alcohol. Triphenyl phos- phate and methyl alcohol exert more powerful actions than the other con- stituents mentioned. UNITED STATES PATENTS 63. Type Formula: Acetyl cellulose ..... eo © 100. parts Triphenylphosphate ..... 10-30 parts Methyl alcohol .......... 30-45 parts Optional Constituents:—Ethyl alcohol, tricresyl phosphate. Hart, A. M. Applied—Aug. 4, 1911 Assigned—Viking Manufacturing Co. US.P.—1,131,929 Issued—March 16, 1915 A lacquer for treating fabrics com- posed of nitrated cellulose or celluloid dissolved in ether and methylated spirit containing a small quantity of “lucrate” composed of a mixture of purified animal oil and non-animal oil, whereby the spirit can be mixed with the dissolved cellulose or celluloid. (For description of “lucrate,” see E.P. 11,340—1909.) Type Formula: Nitrated cellulose ........... 1 |b. VS Nee TIES Ge Gea ana a 1 |b. Methylated spirit ............ 1 gal. “1s Oe 22 ope esas op aia 3 gills Sodium tungstate ............ 3% OZ. Ite as ks scot hs oes jul. Optional Constituents:—Animal fat, vegetable oil, mineral oil, oleagineous matter derived from seed waste. See also Eng. Pat. 18,607—1910; French Pat. 433,012. _ Ratignier, M. Applied—April 21, 1913 U.S.P.—1,133,062 Issued—March 23, 1915 The process of impregnating and waterproofing open mesh fabrics by means of a solution comprising col- lodion, gum lac, and amyl acetate. Lindsay, Wm. G. Applied—May 5, 1909 Assigned—The Celluloid Co. of N. Y US.P.—1,133,385 Issued—March 30, 1915 A composition of matter for making films consisting of an acetone soluble organic acid ester of cellulose, tri- phenylphosphate, acetone, acetylene tetrachloride, and urea. Type Formula: Acetyl cellulose ....... 100 parts wt. AcetOhe ea tras oe 3 300 parts wt. Triphenylphosphate ... 15 parts wt. Acetylene tetrachloride 45 parts wt. Urea es Sere, 2 parts wt. Kniffen, F. Applied—April 12, 1913 Assigned—E, I. du Pont de Nemours Powder Co. US.P.—1,135,026 Issued April 13, 1915 A solvent mixture for nitrocellulose composed of ethyl acetate and benzol with the admixture of other solvents, if desired. As much as 70% benzol may be used in the presence of ethyl acetate without causing the precipita- tion of the nitrocellulose. Optional Constituents:—Oils, pigments, gums, resins, etc. Lindsay, Wm. G. Applied—Nov. 27, 1911 Assigned—The Celluloid Co. of N. Y. US.P.—1,136,248 Issued—April 20, 1915 A solvent mixture for cellulose ace- tate composed of _ tetrachlorethyl acetanilid or trichlormethyl acetanilid, or a mixture of the two, in conjunc- tion with methyl alcohol in substan- tially equal proportions of the solids and the alcohol. Type Formula: Acetyl cellulose ......... 100 parts Tetrachlorethyl acetanilid 25-40 parts Methyl alcohol .......... 40-50 parts Optional Constituents:—Trichlormethy] acetanilid, Lilienfeld, Leon Applied—July 11, 1914 US.P—1,140,174 Issued—May 18, 1915 1. A composition of matter consist- ing of a solution of cellulose ester and ortho-tricresyl-phosphate. 2. A mixture of viscose (cellulose xanthogenate) and the products ob- tained from Chinese wood oil and aromatic amins in presence of a con- densing agent. An artificial leather is prepared by the use of alternate layers of these two mixtures. 64 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER Type Formula: Alcohol Acetone 1. Celluloid (powdered)... 10 parts wt. 60 parts wt. cot eee rere w eee eooceoereeeer eee ee ee Orthotricresy] phosphate 12 parts wt. Chinese wood oil....... 100 parts forthe, tohudiieccs aoe 200 parts 2. Zine chloride 05.2.6. 11 parts Soda-Turkey-red-oil ... 550 parts wt. Soda solution (50° Be’). 60 parts wt. Water ..... Epes 800 parts wt. Optional Constituents:—Glacial acetic acid, acetyl cellulose, formyl cellulose, caoutchou, gutta percha, drying oils, coloring matter, castor oil, glycerin, sugar, soaps. See also Eng. Pat. 28,210—1912; Fr. Pat. 456,261; Aust. Pat. 61,055. Wawiziniok, O. C. E, P. Applied—July 20, 1909 U.S.P.—1,141,224 Issued—June 1, 1915 A mixture of pyroxylin and an oil (castor oil) is applied to a fabric and made to adhere by being sprayed with a solvent (acetone). Optional Constituents:—Paint, celluloid, ether-alcohol. Lindsay, Wm. G. Applied—May 23, 1912 Assigned—The Celluloid Co. of N. Y. US.P.—1,143,979 Issued—June 22, 1915 A mixture of ethyl acetate and methyl alcohol is a solvent for acetyl cellulose. Type Formula: Acetyl cellulose (ace- tone soluble)....... 100 parts wt. Parethyl - toluol - sul- phonamid: 27ic.e,. 10-20 parts wt. Triphenyl phosphate. 20-30 parts wt. Ethyl acetate 70 pts. vol. Methyl alcohol 30 pts. vol. Adler, Jacob Applied—Sept. 17, 1913 US.P.—1,147,066 Issued—July 20, 1915 60-70 parts wt. 30 parts wt. A pyroxylin solution in which is in- corporated a white pigment. This composition is used for coating wooden articles which have previously been treated with a shellac filler. Optional Constituents:—Zine lithopone. white, Sparre, F. U.S.P.—1,148,258 Issued—July 27, 1915 A nitrocellulose solvent obtained by acetylating a mixture of chlorinated — derivatives of pentane, hexane and their isomers. Miyazaki, K. US.P.—1,148,851 Issued—Aug. 3, 1915 A lacquer for tin plate which con- tains a small amount of shellac. Koontz, Edwin J. Applied—Jan. 20, 1915 U.S.P.—1,148,908 Issued—Aug. 3, 1915 A cement or lacquer consisting of pyroxylin scrap, gum camphor and amyl acetate. Goldsmith, B. B. Applied—Aug. 3, 1912 U.S.P.—1,152,625 Issued—Sept. 7, 1915 A composition of matter containing an ester of cellulose mixed with a vegetable oil modified by treatment with nitric acid sufficiently dilute to oxidize the same without nitration. Optional Constitwents:—Nitrie acid treated soy bean, cotton seed, olive, _ linseed, sperm, corn, or castor oil. Amy] acetate, benzine, benzol. Rovira, J. & Ahrle, H. Applied—Jan. 8, 1915 Assigned—Rovira, J. US.P—1,153,574 Issued—Sept. 14, 1915 A composition of matter consisting of a celluloid solution (in amyl acetate and acetone), benzine and para-gum. Type Formula: Benzine . ..ssess was eee 100 parts Para-~gum \.. 200 gms Sulphuric’ ether. 7227. ees 100 gms Benzol \....c0ne . 5 eee 100 gms. Alcohol 7. ieee gee 100 gms. Optional Constituents:—Cellulose ace- tate, tetrachlorethane, indene deriva- tives of tar oils, See also French Pat. 469,925. Mork, H. S. & Esselen, G. J. Applied—April 29, 1916 Assigned—Chemical Products Co. US.P.—1,193,178 Issued—Aug. 1, 1916 UNITED STATES PATENTS 69 A composition of matter containing a cellulose compound, triphenyl phos- phate and phenyl salicylate. The latter two compounds act as plasticiz- ing agents and render the compound non-inflammable. The two com- pounds, although solids, when fused together, remain liquid. Type Formula: Cellulose acetate ......... 100 parts Triphenyl phosphate Phenyl salicylate a ea eis 15 part Lederer, L. Applied—May 2, 1907 U.S.P—1,195,040 Issued—Aug. 15, 1916 Products resembling celluloid are prepared by treating a cellulose ester with a chloral compound in a suitable solvent. Such compounds are cheaper and amply able to replace camphor as plasticizing agents. Type Formula: INI SORGI UlOSEHG es Jodie Leis ses:- 5 parts CIMOLAIDVOEALE «0b. eels ass 2 parts Alcohol Ether Optional Constituents:—Cellulose ace- tate, chloral alcoholate, acetone, acetic ether, acetylene tetrachloride, cam- phor, cellulose esters. See also Aust. Pat. 34,908. -See also French Pat. 377,010, Eng. Pat. 9537—1907. Arnold, Charles E. Applied—Feb., 3, 1915 Assigned—E.. I. du Pont de Nemours Powder Co. U.S.P.—1,195,431 Issued Aug. 22, 1916 A pyroxylin composition suitable for coating surfaces is prepared by agitating celluloid scraps with a sol- vent mixture until a jelly-like mass is formed and then adding castor oil and pigment. Type Formula: Celluloid scraps ........... 150 parts Prey) BICONOLS. 5. b.. 6.05. 5 75 parts Ss ae 75 parts Ethyl acetate ........ tt WO Marte ONO tra gis ca «a 300 parts OTS 2 ae ee 40 parts Gruter, Reinhold Applied—Nov. 15, 1913 U.S.P.—1,195,673 Issued—Aug. 22, 1916 A lactic acid ester is recommended as a solvent for cellulose esters. It may be used in connection with other solvents if desired. Type Formula: Cellulose acetate.... 10 parts wt. Ethyl lactate....... 50 parts by vol. Benzene ey ee sew 30 parts by vol. Optional Constituents: — Trichlorethy- lene, alcohol, chloroform, acetone, ben- zine, toluene, benzene, xylene, copal, sandarac, colophony, shellac, camphor, camphor substitutes. Pickering, O. W. Applied—Aug. 31, 1912 US.P.—1,196,144 Issued—Aug. 29, 1916 A composition of matter comprising ultramarine, nitrocellulose, an adhesive agent, and solvents for transmitting and altering light waves. Amyl acetate ....... 40% Aleohols Aare ws 40% Benzine ..... 5. pean: 20% Gum mastic ........ 57% Nitrocellulose ...... 5 ozs. per gal. Ultramarine < tGann 1% Optional Constituents: — Thorium, barium, uranium, radium, tungsten, vanadium, calcium, strontium, lan- thanium, cerium, zirconium associated or combined with sulfur, sulfur and silicon, or oxygen. Lindsay, W. G. Applied—May 238, 1912 Assigned—The Celluloid Co. US.P.—1,199,395 Issued—Sept. 26, 1916 A plastic compound is obtained by dissolving acetyl cellulose in a water- benzol-methanol mixture and_ then adding parethyltoluolsulfonamid to render the composition plastic and triphenyl phosphate to render it non- inflammable. Type Formula: Acetyl cellulose.......... 100 parts Bensoloae sxe eee 54-61 parts Methyl alcohol (93-96.5%) 46-39 parts 70 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER Lindsay, W. G. Applied—May 5, 1909 Assigned—Celluloid Co. U.S.P.—1,199,798 Issued—Oct. 3, 1916 A product containing a cellulose ester and diphenylamin together with a solvent or solvents for same, The diphenylamin increases the strength and tenacity and decreases the inflam- mability of films formed from such a composition. Type Formula: Acetyl cellulose ........- 100 parts Diphenyiamin=v.) 3526s 10-20 parts Acetone Urea eee 14%% Optional Constituents:—Triphenylphos- phate, chloroform, ethyl acetate, alco- hol, acetylene tetrachloride, pigments. Lindsay, W. G. Applied—Jan. 29, 1914 Assigned—The Celluloid Co. U.S.P.—1,199,799 Issued—Oct. 3, 1916 A composition of matter containing acetyl cellulose and a liquid mono- hydroxy aliphatic alcohol having more than two carbon atoms for imparting permanent toughness and flexibility. Type Formula: Acetyl cellulose ......... 100 parts Ethyl chloride Alcohol Gariphor 10) F hte vane ote 10-40 parts Pusels oil’ oo. vor eee 5-30 parts Optional Constituents:—Triphenyl phos- phate, paratoluolsulfonamid, propyl alcohol, butyl alcohol, amyl alcohol. See also Can. Pat. 175,107. Lindsay, W. G. Applied—Dec. 12, 1914 Assigned—The Celluloid Co. U.S.P.—1,199,800 Issued—Oct. 3, 1916 A composition of matter which con- sists of a solution of an acetone soluble acetyl cellulose, a high boiling liquid, and a solid substance, in a compound solvent consisting of a chlorinated hydrocarbon and an alcohol. Type Formula: Cellulose ester ............ 100 parts Chlorinated hydrocarbon Alcohol Ethyl sabacate ........... 15 parts Triphenyl phosphate ...... 12% parts Optional Constituents:—Amyl acetate, fusel oil, chloroform, dichlorethylene, ethylene chloride, methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, camphor, borneol, salol, diphenylamin, diacetanilid, chlorhydrin derivatives, amyl butyrate, amyl salicylate, oil of aniseed, benzyl alco- hol, benzyl acetate, benzyl benzoate, benzyl ether, bornyl acetate, oil of camphor (heavy), carvene, oil of cedar — leaves, oil of cedarwood, acetodichlor- hydrin, oil of eucalyptol, methyl salicylate, nitrobenzol, pentachlor- ethane, phenyl-ether, benzyl salicylate, safrol, oil of sassafras, terpineol, amyl benzoate, amyl formate, oil of anise, anisic aldehyde, anisol, benzyl buty- rate, benzyl formate, oil of camphor (light), carvol, cinnamylic alcohol, oil of citronella, oil of cloves, oil of eucalyptus, eugenol, ethyl cinnimate, oil of fennel, geraniol formate, geramyl acetate, oil of hedeoma, iso-eugenol, iso-safrol, oil of juniper berries, oil of mace, methyl cinnimate, methyl an- thranilate, methylene acetate, methyl nitrogenzoate, methyl oleate, ethyl oleate, methyl phenyl acetate, methyl benzoate, ethyl benzoate, oil of nut- meg, olenthic ether, oil of pennyroyal, oil of peppermint, phenyl ethyl alco- hol, oil of pine needles, oil of rosemary, oil of rue, oil of sage, oil of spike, oil of spruce, terpinyl acetate, oil of thyme, benzoic ether, oil of cinnamon. Schmidt, Otto Applied—Oct. 21, 1914 Assigned—Badische Anilin & Soda Fabrik ; U.S.P.—1,200,886 Issued—Oct. 10, 1916 A composition of matter resembling celluloid containing a cellulose ester and an acyl compound of a completely hydrogenized aromatic amine, which serves as a plasticizing agent. UNITED STATES PATENTS | ae Type Formula: Acetyl cellulose ........... 70 parts Acetyl-dicyclo-hexylamine.. 30 parts Alcohol Acetone Kthyl-methyl-ketone Optional Constituents :—Acetyl-dicyclo- hexylamine, para-toluene-sulfo-dicyclo- hexylamine, nitrocellulose. Egner, Otto Applied—Oct. 9, 1915 US.P.—1,202,495 Issued—Oct. 24, 1916 A refinishing solution for varnish polished material, consisting of a solu- tion of celluloid, alcohol, and benzoin. The latter serves to render the ma- terial adhesive. Type Formula: DSTO A ele vaned ies 5 1 oz. ORONO is hvac ss cvd4 s+ v'o0 ™%®% Ibs. PARSE Bert cots Tos +s 7 Ibs. Desist (b) 4 ISS ESOL 2 ae ee a 2 02. Lindsay, W. G. Applied—May 23, 1912 Assigned—The Celluloid Co. U.S.P.—1,203,756 Issued—Nov. 7, 1916 A mixture of methyl alcohol and ethyl acetate is recommended as a sol- vent for acetone soluble acetyl cellu- lose. Type Formula: Acetyl cellulose ......... 100 parts Parethyltoluolsulfonamid. 10-20 parts Triphenyl phosphate ..... 20-30 parts Methyl] alcohol .......... 21 parts TEtDVA ACOLALE 2. anes ees 49 parts Snelling, W. O. U.S.P.—1,204,709 Issued—Nov. 14, 1917 A nitrocellulose lacquer is used for coating finely divided metal, such as iron or aluminium. Trivelli, A. P. H. Applied—Aug. 3, 1916 U.S.P.—1,205,822 Issued—Nov. 21, 1916 A lacquer for repairing scratches, etc., in a cinematograph film, consist- ing of a cellulose ester, drying oil, a salt of a resin acid, and solvents for same. Type Formula: Methyl sisoholiesae. cacy 25-35 parts btivyigalcohol wire. cers. « 67-57 parts Biyromy lites fewer 6 3 ite «vate 2— 3 parts Drviri ecole one citin« siccats 5- 4 parts Salts of resin acid ....... 1- 1 part Optional Constituents:—Benzol, methyl valerianate, cellulose acetate. Lindsay, W. G. Applied—Nov. 27, 1911 Assigned—The Celluloid Co. US.P.—1,216,581 TIssued—Feb. 20, 1917 Acetyl cellulose plastic masses are prepared by dissolving acetyl cellulose in a melted chlorinated alkyl acet- anilid, and then adding ethyl alcohol _ in the presence of which the acetanilid is a non-solvent for the cellulose com- pound at room temperatures. Type Formula: Acetyl cellulose ......... 100 parts Tetrachlorethylacetanilid . B5 parts Hthyitaleoholt spice... css 40-50 parts Optional Constituents:—Trichlormethyl acetanilid. Lilienfeld, L. Applied—Oct. 20, 1913. US.P.—1,217,027 Issued—Feb. 20, 1917 Cellulose ethyl ether or other ether of cellulose is dissolved in alcohol or benzene, or in a mixture of solvents, e.g. alcohol and benzene or toluene, or alcohol and ether and the solution after filtering is made into films, Optional Constituents:—Cellulose ni- trate, cellulose acetate, cellulose for- mate, cellulose xanthate, rubber, gutta-percha, metallic resinates, metal- lic oleates, waxes, paraffin, fats, glycerol, methanol, glacial acetic acid, formic acid, pyridine, chinoline, pinco- line, dichlorhydrin, epichlorhydrin, nitrobenzene, ethyl acetate, ethyl phthalate, ethyl sebacate, ethyl citrate, ethyl succinate, ethyl tartrate, amyl acetate, butyl acetate, ethyl benzoate, ethyl levulinate, acetylene pentachlor- ide, acetylene tetrachloride, acetylene trichloride, acetylene dichloride, 72 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, ben- zene, toluene, xylene, phenol, nitro- phenols, o-cresol, naphthalene, tolui- dine, aniline, formanilide, acetanilid, turpentine oil, castor oil, linseed oil, chinese wool oil, olive oil, vaseline, paraffin oil, camphor, petroleum naphtha, vaseline oil, stearin, beeswax, Japan wax, lanolin, methyl nitrate, triphenyl phosphate, tricresyl phos- phate, acetone. Lilienfeld, Leon Filed—Dec. 11, 1912 U.S.P.—1,217,123 Issued—Feb. 20, 1917 A pyroxylin composition containing a phenol ester as the softener is used in the manufacture of artificial leather. Type Formula: Aleohol #3, Bove se ta ees 60 parts wt. Acetone: 37 his Ran gee 30 parts wt. Powdered celluloid ..... 10 parts wt. Q-tricresylphosphate ... 10 parts wt. Optional Constituents: Camphor Pigments Acetyl cellulose Coloring matter Caoutchouc Castor oil Formyl cellulose Glycerine Gutta percha Sugar Drying oils Soaps Ground Glacial acetic acid leather Creosote phosphate Powdered Creosote carbonate cork jer Creosote oleate Asbestos Chinese wood oil Precipi- Ortho toluidin tated Zine chloride chalk Turkey red oil China clay See also Eng. Pat. 28,210—1912. See also French Pat. 456,261. Lindsay, W. G. Applied—May 23, 1912 Assigned—The Celluloid Co. US.P.—1,226,339 Issued—May 15, 1917 A solvent for acetyl cellulose com- posed of a mixture of benzol, methyl alcohol, and water. Type Formula: Acetyl cellulose 100 parts Benzol 54-61 parts eeeereeeee eeorvreereveevee * ceoeeveve Methyl alcohol (93-96%) 46-39 parts Parethyltoluolsulfonamid. 30-50 parts Lindsay, Wm. G. Applied—May 23, 1912 Assigned—The Celluloid Co. US.P.—1,226,340 Issued—May 15, 1917 A solvent for acetyl cellulose com- posed of equal proportions of epichlor- hydrin and a monohydric alcohol having not more than two carbon atoms. Type Formula: Acetyl cellulose 100 parts Parethyltoluolsulfonamid 20-50 parts eeoeveeoeve Triphenyl phosphate.... 10-30 parts Epichlorhydrin ......... » 35 parts Methyl alcohol.......... 35 parts Optional Constituents:—Ethyl alcohol. Lindsay, W. G. Applied—May 23, 1912 Assigned—The Celluloid Co. U.S.P.—1,226,341 Issued—May 15, 1917 A plastic mass is produced by dis- solving acetyl cellulose in a benzol- water-methanol solvent mixture, with the admixture of parzethyltoluolsul- fonamid. Type Formula: Acetyl cellulose........ 100 parts Benzol |... scx 9 ssbeeeeeee 54 61 parts Methyl] alcohol (93-96.5%) v6 « vials 100 parts Camphors’.6.is setae es fee 35 parts Titanium “oxide... Weis 15 parts Optional Constituents:—Castor oil, ethyl alcohol, benzol, ethyl acetate. See also Can. P. 201,913. McKechnie, James Applied—July 6, 1917 Assigned—Vickers Limited US.P.—1,301,955 Issued—April 29, 1919 Cellulose-ester solutions are applied to fabrics of gas bags for air craft. Nathan, F.; Rintoul, Wm. & Baker, F. Applied—Feb. 26, 1914 Assigned—Nobel’s Explosives Co. US.P.—1,302,202 Issued—April 29, 1919 Methyl phenyl urea, ethyl phenyl urea and methyl diphenyl urea are recommended as gelatinizers for nitro- cellulose used as explosives. Rintoul, Wm. & Cross, Donald Applied—Sept. 24, 1917 Assigned—Nobel’s Explosives Co. US.P.—1,303,115 Issued—May 6, 1919 Urethanes, or esters of carbiminic acid, anilids, substituted ureas, con- densation products of glycerol and and other polyhydric alcohols with aldehydes, and the homologues of oxamilic ester are recommended as accelerators for the gelatinization of nitrocellulose solutions. Optional Constitutents:—Acetic esters of glycerine, nitrobenzol, dinitrobenzol, methyl nitrate, ethyl nitrate. Kessler, Johannes M. Applied—Nov. 14, 1918 Assigned—E. I. duPont de Nemours & Co. US.P—1,303,563 Issued—May 138, 1919 A lacquer containing acetaldol as solvent and softening agent. Type Formula: Cellulose acetate idk. sis. sea 8% Acetaldol -.ja¢753 oben Stee eee 10% Solvent mixture ..6. 080.568! . 82% Optional’ Constituents:—Acetone, ethyl acetate, benzol, denatured alcohol, methyl acetate, ethyl formate, ethyl methyl ketone. Rintoul, Wm. & Cross, D. Applied—Sept. 24, 1917 Assigned—Nobel’s Explosives Co. US.P.—1,306,440 Issued—June 10, 1919 An aromatic nitro compound is recommended as an accelerant for the gelatinization of nitrocellulose in ex- plosive compositions, Optional Constituents:—Mono, di or tri- nitro toluene, mononitro naphthalene, di-nitro-benzene, nitro-xylenes. Mersereau, Gail Applied—Sept. 10, 1913 Assigned—Chemical Development Co. U.S.P.—1,308,803 Issued—July 8, 1919 A composition of matter comprising a cellulose ester, and a complex liquid resulting from adding inorganic acid radicals to the mixture of unsaturated hydrocarbons contained in oil gas. The addition of ethyl alcohol increases the solvent action of this oil. Clarke, Hans T. Applied—April 26, 1919 Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. U.S.P.—1,309,980 Issued—July 15, 1919 A composition of matter comprising a cellulose ester and a dialkyl ester of oxalic acid in which each of the alkyl groups contains from 4 to 5 carbon atoms, is used as a softening agent. Type Formula: Acetyl cellulose ............ ' 10 parts Acetone °.:... suites este 30 parts Methyl alcohol). :ccesyee 30 parts Dibutyl . oxalate: 9.455000 4 parts Optional Constituents:—Diamy] oxalate, methyl acetate, fusel oil, amyl acetate, butyl acetate, ethyl propionate, ethyl butyrate, urea, castor oil, camphor, triphenyl phosphate, dibutyl sulfone, monochlornaphthalene. UNITED STATES PATENTS 79 Clarke, Hans T. Applied—April 26, 1919 Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. US.P—1,309,981 Issued—July 15, 1919 A composition of matter comprising cellulose nitrate and a dialkyl ester of oxalic acid in which each of the alkyl groups contains from 4 to 5 car- bon atoms. Type Formula: Cellulose acetate .......... 10 parts I ee ok Sas nace. 30 parts Methyl alcohol ........... 35 parts THUTYL OFGIOIG 255s. canes sce 2 parts ee ee Oe ss ay nk be 4 parts SBN | bea A a 2 parts Optional Constituents:—Amyl acetate, butyl acetate, ethyl propionate, ethyl butyrate, urea, camphor, triphenyl phosphate, dibutyl sulfone, mono- chlornaphthalene. Rintoul, Wm. & Cross, D. Applied—Dec. 4, 1917 Assigned—Nobel’s Explosives Co. U.S.P.—1,310,489 Issued—July 22, 1919 A small amount of one of the fol- lowing compounds is recommended for use as a gelatinizer of nitrocellulose for use in explosives: urethanes, or esters of carbaminic acid, anilids, sub- stituted ureas, condensation products of glycerol and other polyhydric alco- hols with aldehydes, homologues of oxamilic ester, aromatic bodies soluble in nitroglycerine, e.g., mono-di-or tri nitrotoluene, mono-nitro-naphthalene, di-nitro-benzene, nitro-xylene. Robinson, E. G, Applied—Feb. 25, 1918 Assigned—E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Co. U.S.P.—1,310,841 Issued—July 22, 1919 A composition containing cellulose acetate and a fire-retarding constituent adapted to give off a fire-smothering gas containing water vapor. Type Formula: Cellulose: acetate: 1 0esi alec. 7% Ammonium magnesium phos- Pb GUE Ae tome eet sok Ta 7% POBLONG ootuare is Sa Sores oh, 56% UPPER GL ie re gO ms ats Be 20% Optional Constituents:—Resin, shellac, copal, ammonium phosphate, ammo- nium magnesium arsenate, ammonium Manganese phosphate, ammonium manganese arsenate, ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, methyl acetone, ben- zol, toluol, benzine, pigments, oils, zine oxide, ivory black, oil of cedar, oil of pennyroyal, magnesium carbonate, cal- clum carbonate. Doerflinger, Wm. F. Applied—Dec. 22, 1917 US.P.—1,315,216 Issued—Sept. 9, 1919 A lacquer comprising a film forming colloid; a substantially non-volatile, low melting point fireproofing agent soluble in the solvent, a high melting point fireproofing agent, and a volatile solvent of the film forming colloid. Type Formula: RVTORVNH ca Ae Oe a 42 lbs. BOratiG-acian is ews cae es 42 lbs Triphenyl phosphate ....... 38 lbs RIVER Us oes eo ae rk cee ae eS 14 oz. Methyl acetone ............ 50 gals Wetonege 2. + ete cas hoes 40 gals BengOl ero rae teas we ee 10 gals Optional Constituents:—Methyl ethyl ketone. Levey, H. A. Applied—April 10, 1917 US.P.—1,316,311 Issued—Sept. 16, 1919 The process of preparing transpar- ent plastic compositions from the fatty esters of cellulose which con- sists in admixing with cellulose ni- trate softening and toughening agents soluble therein but insoluble in fatty esters of cellulose and incorporating the resulting mixture into said fatty esters of cellulose. Type Formula: Hydrated cellulose acetate.. 80-90% Cellulose nitrate carrying in solution castor oil........ 20-10% 80 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER Optional Constituents:—Fatty acids, glycerides, esters, oils, cellulose ace- tates, cellulose formate, Japanese wood oil, tung oil, palm oil, nitrobenzol, acetic acid, acetone. Frothingham, D. D. & Sawyer, R. U. Applied—Feb. 18, 1918 Assigned—Sawyer Products Co. US.P.—1,316,783 Issued—Sept. 23, 1919 A coated fabric consisting of a fabric provided with a single homogeneous integral layer coating of substantial thickness consisting essentially of cel- luloid and castor oil containing soluble coloring matter. Type Formula: Wood-slooholc..se.+ ene 90 oz AeetOne A ia. Vase as ees 36 02 Amy! acetate)... 6206 Jiace 12 oz Beran COUlUOI chee nw er 54-60 oz COBHtOr Ol gues eae eee eee 72 02 Soluble or spirit negrocin.. oz Dupont, Justin Applied—Jan. 18, 1918 Assigned—Societe Anonyme Des Etablissements Justin Dupont U.S.P.—1,317,276 Issued—Sept. 30, 1919 A plastic composition derived from acetate of cellulose to which a mixture of alcohols, ortho and paraoxy-benzylic has been added. — Mosser-Schiess, Werner Applied—July 9, 1919 U.S.P.—1,317,721 Issued—Oct. 7, 1919 A plastic mass containing yeast, esters of the polyvalent acids with polyvalent alcohols and _ cellulose esters. Type Formula: Glycerine ester of phtha- Lie: cei ee Sun 2S eas 50 gms Dry:tyeaat.. .0i4 , eee 10- 40 gms Acetylated cellulose .... 100 gms. Optional Constituents:—Glycerine esters of naphthalic acid, glycerine esters of the camphene series, acetylated sugar, acetylated starch, resins, kieselguhr, mica, soap. Lindsay, Wm. Godson Applied—May 5, 1909 US.P.—1,319,229 Issued—Oct. 21, 1919 The process of making a composi- tion of matter which consists in com- bining acetyl cellulose and phenyl salicylate by the use of a solvent mix- ture composed of two or more sol- vents at least one of which is com- mon to both compounds. Optional Constituents:—Triphenyl phos- phate, dichlorhydrin, diphenylamin, trichlorphenol, tricresyl phosphate, chloroform, acetone, ethyl acetate, acetylene tetrachloride, diacetic ether, benzoic ether, aceto-dichlorhydrin, urea, pigments. Sutherland, D. M. Applied—Aug. 2, 1918 US.P.—1,320,290 Issued—Oct. 28, 1919 A cellulosic varnish comprising bo- rated benzol as an essential ingredient thereof. Type Formula: Acetyl cellulose’ .......00.% 12 parts Acetone or other equivalent solvent (2). %eccke ee ee 36 parts Benzol (preferably 90%)... 24 parts Borated: benzol—Boric acid 10%, Benzol ‘90% 7. 2.eas 25 parts Benzyl sleohol sees 3 parts Doerflinger, W. F. Applied—Dec. 6, 1918 U.S.P.—1,320,458 Issued—Nov. 4, 1919 A composition of matter comprising pyroxylin, diacetone alcohol, a non- drying oil, and a blending agent to prevent the oil from separating out from the film upon the evaporation of the solvents. Type Formula: Pyroxylin: ‘s2023shs.s See 40 lbs Castor ‘oil ..2(2 i. en 40 lbs. Methyl ethyl ketone....... 28 gals Diacetone alcohol ........; 5 gals N. butyl alcohol’. ..viisetee « 25 gals Benzol .. ..4:...06 Meee ae 42 gals. Optional Constituents:—Methyl alcohol, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, acetone, methyl acetone, blown rape seed oil, butyl acetate, pigments, resins. UNITED STATES PATENTS 81 Flaherty, Edmund M. Applied—March 16, 1918 Assigned—E,. I, DuPont de Nemours and Co. US.P.—1,321,611 Issued—Nov. 11, 1919 A solvent mixture comprising ethy] . acetate, butyl alcohol and a diluent. Type Formula: Butyleloonel 50... . 15% Ethyl acetate ........ 50% Benzene. 2 ios. 2. 35% Nitrocellulose ........ 8 oz. per gal. Optional Constituents:—Methyl alcohol, amyl acetate, butyl acetate, camphor. See also Can. P. 196,151. F. P. 133,972. Hitt, Maurice V. Applied—Dec. 10, 1917 Assigned—E, I. duPont de Nemours and Co. US.P.—1,321,633 Issued—Nov. 11, 1919 A process which comprises forming a body of pyroxylin by dissolving pyroxylin in a mixture of ethyl ace- tate, a lower member of the benzene series and a saturated alcohol whose rate of evaporation is somewhat simi- lar to that of the other constituents. Type Formula: TONY) acetate <0... ss ease 41 parts bal VU Se 50 parts Pipl sicohol eee. oS 9 parts Optional Constituents:—Methyl alco- hol, toluol, oils, pigments, gums, resins. See Can. P. 196,925. Can. P. 196,926. Bic) MeV. Applied—Dec. 10, 1917 Assigned—E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Co. US.P.—1,321,634 Issued—Nov. 11, 1919 A pyroxylin solvent comprising a mixture of ethyl acetate, benzol and a saturated alcohol whose rate of evapo- ration is somewhat similar to that of the other constituents. Type Formula: PUVITACELALE Cece. ss ek 41 parts VEN) a So a 50 parts Benyl gloohol 0)... es. 6.5: 9 parts Optional Constituents:—Methyl alcohol, oils, pigments, resins, gums. See Can. P. 196,925. Can. P. 196,926. Flaherty, Edmund M. Applied—March 5, 1918 Assigned—E.. I. du Pont de Nemours and Co. US.P.—1,323,624 Issued—Dec. 2, 1919 A composition comprising a mix- ture of butyl acetate, xylol and an acyclic alcohol. Type Formula: Butyl acetate..... 41 parts VIO eet ssueeacacrd 50 parts Butyl alcohol.... 9 parts Nitrocellulose ..... 2 lbs. per 7 lbs. of solvent Optional Constituents:—Gums, pig- ments, oils, resins, solvents, toluol, ethyl alcohol. Schwarcman, A. Applied—March 29, 1919 US-P<-1,393,792 Issued—Dec. 2, 1920 A composition consisting of pyroxy- lin, methanol, acetone and carbon tetrachloride is chlorinated by passing in chloride. Zine or tin chloride act as catalysts. With this and camphor a composition resistant to fire is ob- tained. Bromine may be used instead of chlorine. Optional Constituents:—Camphor, amyl acetate, benzene, benzine, turpentine. Howlett, Clarence W. Applied—May 25, 1918 Assigned—E.. I. du Pont de Nemours and Co, U.S.P.—1,324,154 Issued—Dec. 9, 1919 A coated fabric comprising a sheet of fabric having a base containing rubber and a surface coating contain- ing nitrocellulose. Type Formula: Ruphers 7. ees a eee eee 4.8 parts Bengal eo or etaee eres 40.0 parts Ethyl acetate, ool eer es 27.9 parts Castor oilts. ges veniee ees 15.6 parts 82 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER Type Formula—Continued: Drop black (coloring mate- rial) Nitrocellulose 3.9 parts 7.8 parts eecereeeereeeoeee eevee Dreyfus, H. Applied—February 15, 1918. U.S.P.—1,325,931 Issued—Dec. 23, 1920 A composition of matter consisting of cellulose acetate, a plastisizing agent such as triacetin and the common sol- vents. Uninflammable. See also Eng. Pat. 114,304—1917. Emhardt, John C. Applied—Feb. 25, 1918 U.S.P.—1,329,386 Issued—Feb. 3, 1920 A composition comprising a homo- geneous mixture containing a com- bustible coating material and a fire re- tarding constituent adapted to give off a fire smothering gas in sufficient quan- tity to act effectively as a fire retarder. Type Formula: Pyroxylinis:cocentice coe neem 57% Ammonium magnesium phos- HALO. oF sao eee vac toads 5% RORIR as pececce a tee eee 5% Acetone... ssavatarcoomerepeeee 55% Amy! scetate sci ose cuseey eek 30% Optional Constituents:—Shellac, copal, ammonium phosphate, ammonium magnesium arsenate, ammonium man- ganese arsenate, pigment, zinc oxide, castor oil, ammonium manganese phosphate. Babis, H. A. Applied—April 10, 1919 US.P.—1,330,421 Issued—Feb. 10, 1920 A metal lacquer composed of Cana- dian pitch, celluloid, Japan and acetone. Type Formula: Canadian. piteliniy su5 secon 30 lbs ASCtONG 1655 eb Sens eh ee 60 lbs. Celluloid solution ........... 7 lbs JaDOtL i545 tees ses ee 3 lbs. Optional Constituents:—Burgundy pitch, alcohol, ether, coloring matter, rosin. Malcom, R. Applied—July 19, 1916 US.P.—1,332,349 Issued—March 2, 1920 A lacquer formed of celluloid and a dye dissolved in alcohol and ether. Nathan, L.; Rintoul, Wm. & Baker, F. Applied—Feb, 26, 1914 Assigned—Nobel’s Explosives Co. US.P.—1,338,691 Issued—May 4, 1920 As gelatinizers and stabilizers for explosives containing nitrocellulose, para-nitro-methyl-acetanilid and ethyl p-naphthyl-ether. Optional Constituents:—Ethyl phthalate, amyl phthalate, mono-, di- or tri-ace- tin, phenyl-benzyl ether, para-nitro- methyl acetanilid, phenanthrene. See also Eng. Pat. 4940—1914. Fr. Pat. 470,041. Dow, H. H. Applied—Dec. 1, 1919 Assigned—The Dow Chem. Co. US.P.—1,339,552 Issued—May 11, 1920 A solvent for cellulose esters con- sisting of ethylene dibromide and ~ propyl alcohol. Type Formula: . 55 parts Propyl alcohol ....... re Ethylene dibromide ....... 45 parts Benzyl acetate .......000- . 5 parts Cellulose ester Optional Constituents: —Ethylene chlor- bromide. Tyrer, Thomas Applied—March 28, 1919 US.P.—1,339,728 Issued—May 11, 1920 Cyclohexanone or other cycloketone is used in preparation of lacquer (dopes). : Type Formula: Cellulose acetate .......... 200 lbs Solvents -«.vsiwe see bee . 100 lbs Cyclohexanone ......-.... «i: Seegal. Optional Constituents: —Cyclopentanone, alkyl substance of cycloketones, amyl substance of cycloketones, camphor substitutes. See also Eng. Pat. 130,402. UNITED STATES PATENTS 83 Flaherty, Edmund M, Applied—Sept. 11, 1918 Assigned—E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co. US.P.—1,341,710 Issued—June 1, 1920 A solvent mixture comprising alkyl acetate and n-butyl alcohol, oils, pig- ments, gums, resins, etc., may be added to the pyroxylin mixture. Butyl alco- hol recommended as an_ excellent “Blush” preventative and flow pro- ducer. Type Formula: N. Butyl acetate.... 15% by wt. Amyl acetate ...... 50% ONAN oe aes 35% Nitrocellulose ..... 8 oz. to 1 gal. of above solvent Optional Constituents:—Alkyl acetate, ethyl acetate, isobutyl acetate, N. butyl acetate, acetone oils. Seel, Paul C. Applied—Feb. 7, 1918 Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. US.P.—1,342,601 : Issued—June 8, 1920 A composition of matter comprising a cellulose ester (preferably acetate), a chlorine substituted product of a carbopolycyclic compound (naphtha- lene) and a solvent common to both. Type Formula: PCOLOME (iced as esac neues? 90 parts Cellulose acetate ....... 20-30 parts Alpha monochlor naph- PURE NGE Fe clasp te sccss 4— 7 parts vy AG) ss) 4— 7 parts Optional Constituents:—Chlorinated an- thracenes, fusel oil, tetrachlornaphtha- lenes, amyl acetate, methyl alcohol, camphor. Seel, Paul C. Applied—Feb. 7, 1918 Assigned—The Eastman Kodak Co. U.S.P.—1,342,602 Issued—June 8, 1920 A composition of matter comprising cellulose nitrate, a chlor-derivative of a cyclic hydrocarbon, preferably non- inflammable and a solvent common to both, Type Formula: Methyl alcohol ........ 35-45 parts Acetone scenes sa kd. 20-30 parts Cellulose nitrate ........ 20-30 parts Chlorinated naphthalene 2- 3 parts Dato phot 4. ees eit 2— 3 parts Biby ealeo holies ones ag ee 2- 3 parts Optional Constituents:—Fusel oil, chlo- rinated anthracenes. Seel, Paul C. Applied—April 26, 1919 Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. U.S.P.—1,342,603 Issued—June 8, 1920 A plastic mass comprising cellulose acetate, ethyl propionate and acetone. Type Formula: PL CELONG 3 22h LS vite ee Bas 360 parts Cellulose acetate ......... 100 parts Ethyl propionate ......... 135 parts Pusel ou eo Siac 20 parts Jarvis, John G. Applied—March 13, 1919 US.P—1,343,135 Issued—June 8, 1920 A plastic mass consisting of cellulose acetate (or nitrate), naphthalene and acetone, Type Formula: Cellulose acetate .......... 75 parts Napnthalendé. cs octets vinen cen 25 parts AGELON GI iors cn ose es Gat 60 parts Optional Constituents:—Acetic ether, pigments. Doerflinger, Wm. F. Applied—Feb. 6, 1919 US.P.—1,345,354 Issued—July 6, 1920 A cellulose ester lacquer comprising a cellulose ester dissolved in a volatile ‘ solvent and suspended stannic oxide. Type Formula: Tinsgoxideiss tienes ees 24 lbs. Acetone: = selena Uae 2 gals A Diacetone alcohol......... 2 gals Benzoleuseecak eee, 1% gals IN prOsiNiees sie Shaan ones 4%, 02 Cellulose acetate ......... 24 lbs Acetone rieds iene 24% gals. B Diacetone alcohol......... 5 gals. Bensalic ena eee 12% gals. Mix equal portions of A and B. 84 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER Rintoul, Wm. & Nolan, Thos. Applied—May 19, 1919 Assigned—Nobel’s Explosive Co. US.P.—1,348,741 Issued—Aug. 3, 1920 Urethanes containing two substi- tuted aromatic groups attached to the nitrogen atom are used as stabilizers in the manufacture of explosives. Jarvis, J. G. Applied—March 13, 1919 US.P.—1,349,156 Issued—Aug. 10, 1920 A composition of matter consisting of acetyl cellulose and acetone cincho- nine or its salts. Type Formula: Acety] cellulose .........%:. 100 parts Acetone cinchonine ....... 2 parts Optional Constituents:—Acetone _ sul- phate of cinchonine. Flaherty, E. M. Applied—Dec. 5, 1918 Assigned—E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Co, U.S.P.—1,350,274 Issued—Aug. 17, 1920 A composition (for photograph films) comprising nitro cellulose, butyl alcohol, butyl acetate, camphor and methyl alcohol. Type Formula: Methyl alcohol ....... 50.6 parts wt. Butyl ‘aleohol ties os 10. parts wt. Butyl acetate ........ 20.8 parts wt. Camphnor oS in Baa 2 parts wt. Nitro cellulose Jarvis, J. G. Applied—June 23, 1920 U.S.P.—1,351,652 Issued—Aug. 31, 1920 A mixture of nitrocellulose and cel- lulose acetate is united by a mutual solvent when in a soft state upon a carrier, Afterwards upon the soft sur- face is spread a fluid mixture made of cellulose acetate and napthalene in suitable proportions, together with equal parts of acetone and acetic ether and to which a solution of ace- tone and collodion is added. Chloral hydrate is added to reduce inflamma- bility. 16.6 parts wt. eeee* ee French, A. F. Applied—Dec. 16, 1918 US.P.—1,352,741 Issued—Sept. 14, 1920 A composition for filling cracks, scratches, etc., consisting of celluloid, alcohol, ether, shellac and gum or resin. Type Formula: Celluloid 3.22455 0s. ene ae 8 oz. Alcohol’ ys occa oso tee 20 oz Shellac’: .se2.i¢50% 0. wet eee 4 oz. Ether | i. 250s sess 40 2 OZ. Rosin ..-2¢300¢050 02 eee 2 oz. Dreyfus, Henry Applied—April 15, 1919 U.S.P —1,353,384 Issued—Sept. 21, 1920 A composition containing cellulose acetate and a high-boiling mixture of isomeric xylene low carbon alkyl sul- phonamides to reduce inflammability. Type Formula: Cellulose acetate .......... 100 kg Xylene monomethyl sul- phonamide «...esveeweneen 25 kg. Tricresyl phosphate......... 12 kg. Optional Constituents:—Mixtures of - isomeric xylenedimethyl sulphon- amides, mixtures of isomeric xylen- edimethyl monoethyl sulphonamides, triphenyl phosphate, mono-di and tri- methyl urea, mono-di, and triethyl urea. See also Eng. Pat. 132,283. Dreyfus, H. Applied—April 15, 1919 US.P.—1,353,385 Issued—Sept. 21, 1920 A composition of matter containing cellulose acetate and a high boiling mixture comprising ortho- and para- toluene low carbon alkyl sulphon- amids. Optional Constituents:—Ortho toluene monoethylsulphonamid, para toluene monoethylsulphonamid, para toluene monomethlsulphonamid, ortho to- luene monomethylsulphonamid, ace- tone, ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, alcohol, mono-, di-, tri-methyl urea, mono-, di-, tri-ethyl urea. UNITED STATES PATENTS 85 Jarvis, J. G. Applied—March 13, 1919 US.P.—1,354,401 Issued—Sept. 28, 1920 A low inflammable composition of matter consisting of cellulose acetate and nitrate, naphthalene, acetic ether, acetone, chloral hydrate (or anhydrous chloral) and cinchonine or cinchonin sulphate. Carroll, S. J. Applied—Jan,. 2, 1920 Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. US.P.—1,354,725 Issued—Oct. 5, 1920 A composition of matter contain- ing cellulose nitrate, a waxy higher chlorine derivative of the cyclic hydro- carbons CmHn,s (for instance naph- thalene) and a non-inflammable com- pound such as tri-phenyl phosphate. Type Formula: Cellulose nitrate ......... 100 parts Methyl alcohol ........... 475 parts Re OB ean bs oos<.0's ie 40 parts Triphenyl phosphate ...... 30 parts Trichlornaphthalene ...... 5 parts Optional Constituents:—Tetrachlornaph- thalene, butyl alcohol, acetone. Carroll, Stewart J. Applied—Jan. 2, 1920 Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. US.P.—1,354,726 Issued—Oct. 5, 1920 A composition of matter comprising cellulose nitrate, cellulose acetate, a waxy higher chlorine derivative of the cyclic hydrocarbons CmHn; and their homologues and a non-inflammable compound for preventing separation of said chlorine derivative. Type Formula: Cellulose nitrate .......... 30 parts Cellulose acetate ......... 70 parts 0 ls a 475 parts Triphenyl phosphate ...... 30 parts PR PRSSE ON Lod Costa's sin co oo Dial ois 12 parts Tetra chlor naphthalene... 5 parts Optional Constituents:—Trichlor naph- thalenes, tri and tetra chlor anthra- cenes, butyl alcohols. Arosio, M. Applied—June 23, 1919 US.P.—1,355,586 Issued—Oct. 12, 1920 A film of celluloid like acetyl cellu- lose composition is applied to vulcan- ized fiber in order to waterproof it. Flaherty, Edmund Applied—Sept. 11, 1918 Assigned—E. I. DuPont de Nemours & Co. U.S.P.—1,356,440 Issued—Oct. 19, 1920 A solvent comprising a mixture of normal butyl acetate and a _hydro- carbon to give a non-hygroscopic sol- vent. Type Formula: Nitrocellulose: =< sei uses cP 28 parts Normal butyl acetate ...... 41 parts Benzene? ake see 50 parts Normal butyl alcohol ...... 9 parts Optional Constituents:—Benzine, oil, pigments, resins, gums. See also Can. Pat. 196,150. Miles, George W. Applied—June 30, 1919 Assigned—American Cellulose Chem. Mfg. Co. U.S.P.—1,357,335 Issued—Nov. 2, 1920 A composition consisting of cellu- lose acetate, a volatile solvent and the aggregate of fatty acids extracted from cocoanut oil. and Eichengrun, Arthur Applied—April 11, 1910 Assigned—The American Cellone Co. U.S.P.—1,357,447 Issued—Nov. 2, 1920 A composition consisting of acetyl cellulose, acetone, guaiacol, glycerin, alcohol and benzol. Clarke, H. T. Applied—March 17, 1919 US.P.—1,357,614 Issued—Nov. 2, 1921 A plastic composition consisting of a sulfone (such as n-butyl sulfone), chloroform-alcohol mixture or benzene- alcohol. 86 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER Optional Constituents:—Di-isobutyl sul- fone, dimethyl sulfone, diethyl sulfone, n-dipropyl sulfone, di iso propyl sul- fone, di-iso amyl sulfone, methyl ethyl sulfone, diheptyl sulfone, ethyl iso amyl sulfone, diphenyl sulfone. Kessler, J. M. Applied—Dec. 6, 1919 Assigned—E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co. U.S.P.—1,357,876 Issued—Nov. 2, 1920 A plastic composition consisting of nitrocellulose, a softener comprising an ester of an acyloxy derivative of a monobasic aliphatic acid having more than three carbon atoms, and a solvent. Type Formula: Nitrocellulose (dry) ..... 10 parts Ethyl acetylricinoleates... 10-15 parts Ethyl acetate s.dews ese 40 parts DENZENG sisi cos ke eeee ey 60 parts Optional Constitwents:—Alkyl esters of mono-di or triacetyl-oxystearic acid, glyceryl esters of mono-, di-, or tri- acetyl oxy stearic acid. Reese, C. E. Applied—Dec. 8, 1916 U.S.P.—1,358,653 Issued—Nov. 9, 1921 Dicyanodiamide (0.1-2.0%) is used as a stabilizing agent for pyroxylin with or without camphor and various other solvents. Alexander, W. & Clegg, John Applied—Sept. 25, 1917 US.P.—1,358,914 Issued—Nov. 16, 1920 * A composition comprising a cellu- lose ester, a boron compound (such as boric acid) and a solvent such as acetone. Type Formula: Boric acid (sat. soln. in methylacetone) ........... 605 oz Methylacetone ..... 105 oz. Amyl acetate ...... 115 on 245 oz. Celluloid "55 i a, 25 oz. Optional Constituents:—Ethyl methyl acetone. Kessler, Johannes M. Applied—June 19, 1920 Assigned—E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co. US.P.—1,360,759 Issued—Nov. 30, 1920 Acetin, free of monoacetin and with little diacetin is a non-hygroscopic softening agent for cellulose esters, preferably the nitrate. Type Formula: Pyroxylin: .ass sence 100 parts Denatured alcohol ........ 60 parts Acetin (free of monoace- tin) 1.4. y eneeme eee 28 parts Optional Constitwents:—Camphor, urea, pigments, colors, wood alcohol, acetone. See also Eng. Pat. 165,439. Dreyfus, Henry Applied—July 7, 1919 US.P.—1,363,763 Issued—Dec. 28, 1920 Acetyl acetone and_ ethylidene acetone are used as non-volatile sol- vents of cellulose acetate. Type Formula: Cellulose acetate.. 100 parts Acetyl acetone ... 50-100 parts . Acetone .......5. up to 1500 parts Triphenyl phos- phate “isssessnut 16-17 parts Optional Constituents:—Alcohol, ben- zene. See also French Pat. 501,700. Wood, S. H. Applied—May 16, 1919 U.S.P.—1,364,342 Issued—Jan. 4, 1921 An incombustible material suitable for manufacture of motion picture films, formed of pyroxylin, naphtha- lene, ferric chloride, and gelatin. Type Formula: Pyroxylin 1.4 asset eee 10 parts Naphthalene -«. 43.0091 1 part Ferric chloride i7....94270eee 3 parts Gelatin ..). 2273 5 parts Ellis, Carleton Applied—Jan. 8, 1918 Assigned—Seth B. Hunt US.P.—1,365,049 Issued—Jan. 11, 1921 UNITED STATES PATENTS 87 A solvent for cellulose esters con- sisting of a mixture of mono-acetic esters boiling under 110° C. and ob- tained from unsaturated hydrocarbon mixtures from still gases of petroleum. Optional Constituents:—Ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate. Barton, L. E. & Gardner, H. A. Applied—Feb. 7, 1917 U.S.P.—1,365,882 Issued—Jan. 18, 1921 A white opaque composition adapted for the manufacture of molded articles or sheets is formed of nitrocellulose, a titanium oxide pigment and camphor. Groves, Samuel Applied—Aug. 2, 1918 U.S.P.—1,366,256 Issued—Jan. 18, 1921 A mixture of waxes is uséd to re- tard the evaporation of volatile sol- vents from a lacquer composition containing cellulose acetate. Optional Constituents:—Beeswax, paraf- fin wax, acetone, benzol. Plummer, O. D. Applied—July 8, 1919 U.S.P.—1,369,467 Issued—Feb. 22, 1921 Bright metal surfaces of headlight reflectors are coated with a solution formed of 4.5 oz. pyroxylin dissolved in a gallon of a solvent such as amyl acetate. Type Formula: TORU ONO ns. vce cass oss eres Amyl acetate 4.5 oz. 1 gal. Stockelbach, F. E. | Applied—July 23, 1920 Assigned—The Commonwealth Chem. Corp. U.S.P.—1,370,853 Issued—March 8, 1921 A plastic mass consisting of a cellu- lose ester (preferably the nitrate), and the phosphoric acid ester of one of the homologues of aromatic alcohols, with. or without low boiling solvents and camphor, Type Formula: Nitra: celluloses es.S Los oes. 75 parts Tribenzyl phosphate ....... 10 parts Camplhoties ican oss kanas 15 parts Optional Constituents:—Chlor benzyl alcohol, hydroxy benzyl alcohol, tolyl benzol alcohol, chlor tolyl alcohol, acetone, ethyl alcohol, chloroform, benzol. Clarke, H, T. Applied—March 17, 1919 Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. US.P.—1,370,878 Issued—March 8, 1921 A plastic mass consisting of a cel- lulose nitrate, a simple dialkyl sulfone with or without a solvent common to both. Type Formula: Acetone and methy! alco- ne fe oe ob re Sad eeu 20-30 parts Cellulose nitrate ........ 3— 6 parts Dibutyl sulphone ....... 14-10 parts DYSer OU ree oe a vee 14— 2 parts Optional Constituents:—Diisobutyl sul- phone, dimethyl sulphone, diethyl sul- phone, normal dipropyl sulphone, diiso propyl sulphone, diiso amyl sulphone, methyl ethyl sulphone, diheptyl sul- phone, ethyl isoamyl sulphone, amyl acetate, butyl acetate, ethyl pro- pionate, ethyl butyrate. Clarke, H. T. Applied—March 17, 1919 Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. U.S.P.—1,370,879 Issued—March 8, 1921 A plastic mass consisting of a cellu- lose ester, a simple dialkyl sulphone with or without a solvent common to both. Type Formula: A COLOE Coat ua Garde clk 15-30 parts Cellulose acetate ....... 3- 6 parts Dibutyl sulphone ....... 1%)-10 parts Huseli ails poy ayy ve 14— 2 parts Optional Constituents:—Di isobutyl] sul- phone, dimethyl sulphone, diethyl sulphone, dipropyl sulphone, di iso propyl sulphone, di iso amyl sulphone, methyl ethyl sulphone, diheptyl sul- phone, ethyl isoamyl sulphone, di- phenyl sulphone, methyl acetate, 88 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER amyl acetate, butyl acetate, ethyl propionate, ethyl butyrate. Carlsson, Olof & Thall, Edvin Applied—Dec. 4, 1919 Assigned—Atlas Powder Co. US.P.—1,375,208. Issued—April 19, 1921 The viscosity of cellulose ester solu- tions is permanently reduced by heat- ing them to a temperature between 60° C. and the temperature of their decomposition. See E. P. 136,141, F. P. 505,438. Seel, Paul C. Applied—April 26, 1919 Assigned—The Eastman Kodak Co. U.S.P.—1,379,596 Issued—May 24, 1921 A composition of matter consisting of cellulose nitrate, a monohydroxy alcohol having more than two carbon atoms, triphenyl phosphate and a com- mon volatile solvent. Type Formula: Methyl alcohol 175-400 parts Cellulose nitrate ....... 50 parts Bigel Milas ..<<9 cine es 10— 60 parts Triphenyl phosphate ... 5~- 50 parts Optional Constituents:—Acetone, butyl alcohol, amyl alcohol. Scheele, W. T. Applied—Oct. 23, 1920 US.P.—1,379,699 Issued—May 31, 1921 The process of making a cellulose acetate solution, which comprises treat- ing cellulose with a mixed solution of hydrogen peroxide and alkali-metal hydroxide, washing free of alkali and acetylating. Seel, Paul C.; Combs, H. & Kemp, R. Applied—May 10, 1920 Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. US.P.—1,380,258 Issued—May 31, 1921 A plastic mass is yielded by a com- position containing cellulose nitrate, an aliphatic alcohol containing 4 or 5 car- bon atoms and a volatile solvent. Camphor, etc., are not necessary. Type Formula: Cellulose nitrate ...... 100 parts ~ Butyl aleohoiiy. 45 ease 30- 100 parts Methyl alcohol ....... 300-1000 parts Optional Constituents:—Acetone, fusel oil. Graves, S. C. Applied—Feb. 21, 1921 U.S.P.—1,382,077 Issued—June 21, 1921 A waterproof composition of matter consisting of denatured alcohol, pure benzol, acetone, soluble cotton and corn starch, the latter being added to give adhesive properties. Type Formula: Denatured alcohol ....... 2 oz. Pure benzol i, va. eee % oz. Acetone US.P¥ige.. eae 5 drams Soluble cottén ...2 ee 1% drams Corn starch .<.1.7 ee 3 drams Optional Constituents :—Oils. Goerner, Gustav W. Applied—June 9, 1920 Assigned—Roessler and Hasslacher Chem. Co. U.S.P.—1,384,188 Issued—July 12, 1921 Dichlormethane with or without a small amount of alcohol, is recom- mended as a solvent for cellulose acetate. Optional Constituents:—Ethyl alcohol, methyl] alcohol. Lindsay, W. G. Applied—Sept. 1, 1916. Assigned—The Celluloid Co. US.P.—1,386,576 ’ Issued—Aug. 2, 1921 A composition consisting of acetyl cellulose, tricresyl phosphate, dichlor- hydrin and a common solvent. Type Formula: Acetyl cellulose ...... 100 parts wt. Tricresyl phosphate .. 10-20 parts wt. Dichlorhydrin ....... 10-25 parts wt. Acetoneé:,..cane ...+. as desired Optional Constituents:—Diphenylamin, trichlorphenol, triphenyl phosphate, phenol salicylate, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetylene tetrachloride, alco- hol, diacetic ether, benzoic ether, acetodichlorhydrin, urea. UNITED STATES PATENTS 89 Lindsay, W. G. Applied—Sept. 1, 1916 Assigned—The Celluloid Co. US.P.—1,388,472 Issued—Aug. 23, 1921 A plastic mass consisting of a cellu- lose ester, a volatile chlorinated hydro- carbon, ethyl or methyl alcohol, a relatively high boiling liquid (e.g. fusel oil) and a soluble solid substance, e.g. camphor. Type Formula: Cellulose acetate ......... 100 parts Chloroform—to produce a fluid solution Ethyl sebacate ........... 15 parts Triphenyl phosphate ...... 12% parts Optional Constituents:—Solid Sub- stances: borneol, salol, diphenylamine. High Boiling LInquids: amyl buty- rate, amyl salicylate, oil of aniseed, benzyl alcohol, benzyl acetate, benzyl benzoate, benzyl ether, benzoic ether, bornyl acetate, oil of camphor (heavy), carvene oil, oil of cedar leaves, oil of cedar wood, oil of cinnamon, aceto dichlorhydrin, oil of eucalyptol, methyl salicylate, nitro benzol, penta chlor- ethane, phenyl ether, benzyl] salicylate, safrol, oil of sassafras, terpineol, amyl benzoate, amyl formate, oil of anise, anisic aldehyde, anisol, benzyl buty- rate, benzyl formate, oil of camphor (light), carbol, cinnamylic alcohol, oil of citronella, oil of cloves, oil of eucalyptus, eugenol, iso safrol, juniper berries (oil of), ethyl cinnimate, oil of fennel, geraniol formate, geranyl acetate, oil of hedeoma, iso eugenol, oil of mace, methyl cinnimate, methyl anthranilate, methylene acetate, methyl nitrobenzoate, methyl oleate, ethyl oleate, methyl phenyl] acetate, methyl benzoate, ethyl benzoate, oil of nut-. meg, olenthic ether, oil of pennyroyal, oil of peppermint, phenyl ethyl alco- hol, oil of pine needles,.oil of rosemary, oil of rue, oil of sage, oil of spike, oil of spruce, terpinyl acetate, oil of thyme, amyl acetate. Arent, Arthur Applied—Feb. 5, 1919 US.P.—1,388,825 Issued—Aug. 23, 1921 A composition of matter comprising a cellulose ester (either nitrate or acetate), preferably amyl acetate, and antimony trichloride which renders the whole fireproof. Babis, H. A, Applied—June 1, 1920 U.S.P.—1,392,040 Issued—Sept. 27, 1921 A waterproof, rust-preventing com- position of matter consisting of pine tar as softener, Canadian pitch (dis- solved in acetone or wood alcohol) or ether, celluloid, plaster of Paris (as filler), Japan (for easy drying) and coloring matter. Type Formula: PESOS UR a Re ede enc 1 Pitch pees see, eaters: oe ie ELOSUTE wer sete ke Oe bees 15 lbs ItiePen ne eer ye ee 60 lbs, Celluloid’ solution’. 7. 7 Ibs. Piseter’ ofsParige sy eS 20 Ibs BEY Fy se Wm ds lle. Wana ata 3 lbs. Keller, B. A. Applied—May 28, 1919 Assigned—% to M. E. Messersmith, % to M. E. Stern. U.S.P.—1,393,290 Issued—Oct. 11, 1921 A composition for coating metallic surfaces consisting of a solution of celluloid in acetone, ether, etc. Type Formula: SHCUSG™ ee eee ho eee 1 02. Denatured alcohol ........ 2 02. PEGE oo tohk hac ine | Cae et ass 22 grams As a Rey re ters eee iter TNO 1 oz. AGBRURG I cicungauoeee i are 4 o7. Coloring \matier 22.5... = optional Emhardt, J. C. Applied—Feb. 25, 1918 U.S.P.—1,393,355 Issued—Oct. 11, 1922 A pyroxylin lacquer is used as coat- ing for fabrics, such as airplane sur- faces. Donohue, John M. Applied—Jan. 10, 1921 Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. U.S.P.—1,394,505 Issued—Oct. 18, 1921 90 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER A viscous composition of matter con- sisting of a cellulose ether dissolved in a mixture of chloroform and ethyl alcohol. Optional Constituents:—Triphenyl phos- phate, camphor, monochlornaphtha- lenes, tricresyl phosphate. Miles, G. W. Applied—Nov. 14, 1919 US.P.—1,394,752 Issued—Oct. 25, 1922 To render cellulose acetate receptive to uniform distribution of glycerol in small quantities throughout the acetate the latter is heated to about 120-150° with large quantities of glycerol and is then washed with water to remove glycerol. Gault, Henry Applied—March 1, 1920 U.S.P.—1,394,890 Issued—Oct. 25, 1921 A composition for coating airplane surfaces, consisting of cellulose acetate, phenol, and ethyl alcohol. Type Formula: Cellulose ‘acetate.....5..ia... owes 2% parts Optional Constituents:—Ethyl alcohol, triphenyl phosphate, tricresyl phos- phate, camphor. Carroll, Stewart J. Applied—May 24, 1921 Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. U.S.P.—1,450,716 Issued—April 3, 1923 A composition of matter comprising cellulose ether dissolved in a mixture containing furfural and a lower mono- hydroxy alcohol. Type Formula: Cellulose ether ........:.. 1. part Forfural o3i.200 3. see eee 2% parts Methyl] alcohol ........... 2% parts A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER Optional Constituents:—Ethyl alcohol, triphenyl phosphate, tricresyl phos- phate, camphor. Arent, Arthur Applied—Jan. 15, 1921 Assigned—Arthur Arent Laboratories US.P.—1,451,313 Issued—April 10, 1923 Cellulose-ester films are reduced in inflammability by treating with an ethyl acetate solution of the salt of an antimony metal. Type Formula: Antimony trichloride ........ 10 g Acetic ether ....... hich nea 30 c.c Metallic mercury .......:0.6s excess Optional Constituents:—Glacial acetic acid, castor oil. Dreyfus, H. U.S.P.—1,451,331 Issued—April 10, 1923 A mixed benzyl ethyl cellulose ether can be used in lacquers and plastic masses. Pozdech, A. F. Applied—Dec. 28, 1921 US. P—1,452,219 Issued—April 17, 1923 A quick-drying enamel is formed of ground zinc white, French varnish, benzine and lacquer. Type Formula: Ground zine white....... 0.5 pint French varnish .......... 2 02. Benzine: s:4: 1 a6\ eee 10 drops Lacquer .ipsee eee OZ. Neusella, A. Applied—Jan. 19, 1922 U.S.P.—1,453,764 Issued—May 1, 1923 A liquid mixture adapted for coat- ing collars or cuffs, consisting of ace- tone, cellulose triacetate, triphenyl phosphate or other plasticizing agent, castor oil, zinc white and lithopone and barium sulphate. Type Formula: Acetone. 2.33 100 parts Cellulose triacetate .. 6 parts Triphenyl phosphate. 3 parts Castor oil eet ew eee eee UNITED STATES PATENTS Type Formula—Continued: Zinc white & Litho- pone Barium sulphate eecveeereee ee eee Dreyfus, Henry Applied—Nov. 16, 1920 US.P.—1,454,959 Issued—May 15, 1923 A composition of matter containing a cellulose ether and a _ high-boiling aromatic low-carbon alkyl sulphon- amid. Type Formula: Filigl cellulose .o5. 65... 100 parts Benzene monoethylsulphon- OLSEN sae ae a 25 parts Tricresyl phosphate ....... 12 parts Optional Constituents: —Benzene methyl ethyl sulphonamid, ortho and para toluene dimethyl sulphonamid, ortho and para methyl ethyl sulphonamid, ortho and para toluene diethyl sul- phonamid, isomeric xylene diethyl] sul- phonamid, isomeric xylene methyl ethyl sulphonamid, triphenyl phos- phate, castor oil, mono-, di-, and tri methyl urea, mono-, di- and tri ethyl urea, coloring matter, filling material, triacetin. Dreyfus, Henry Applied—Nov. 16, 1920 US.P.—1,454,960 Issued—May 15, 1923 ~A composition of matter containing an aralkylated derivative of cellulose and a high boiling aromatic low car- bon alkyl sulphonamid. Type Formula: Benzylic cellulose derivative 100 parts Benzene monoethyl sul- phonamid 100 parts Optional Constrtuents:—Benzene methyl ethyl sulphonamid, ortho and para toluene dimethyl sulphonamid, ortho and para methyl ethyl sulphonamid, ortho and para toluene diethyl sul- phonamid, isomeric xylene diethyl sul- phonamid, isomeric xylene methyl ethyl sulphonamid, triphenyl phos- phate, castor oil, mono-, di-, and tri methyl urea, mono-, di-, and tri-ethyl urea, coloring matter, filling material, triacetin. eoveezree ee ee % oo 103 Dreyfus, Henry Applied—Nov. 16, 1920 US.P.—1,454,961 Issued—May 15, 1923 A composition of matter containing nitro-cellulose and a high-boiling aro- matic low carbon alkyl sulphonamid. Type Formula: Nitrocellulose, -../..:.... 100 parts Benzene monomethy] sul- ahaYotelsrrabts © Braye mt Aires pen 25 parts Tricresyl phosphate ..... 10-15 parts Optional Constituents:—Benzene methyl ethyl sulphonamid, ortho and para toluene dimethyl sulphonamid, ortho and para methyl ethyl sulphonamid, ortho and para toluene diethyl sul- phonamid, isomeric xylene diethyl! sul- phonamid, isomeric xylene methyl ethyl sulphonamid, triphenyl phos- phate, castor oil, mono-, di-, tri methyl urea, mono-, di-, tri, ethyl urea, color- ing matter, filling material, triacetin. Kessler, Johannes M. Applied—Nov. 26, 1919 U.S.P.—1,456,782 Issued—May 29, 1923 Triacetin (as pure as possible) is used as a substitute for camphor with cellulose esters. Type Formula: Pyrosy linker eres 100 parts wt. Denatured alcohol .... 60 parts wt. 95% triacetin ......... 31 parts wt. Optional Constituents:—Camphor, urea, pigments, colors, acetone, wood alco- hol. Trivelli, Adriaan P. Applied—Feb. 2, 1922 Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. US.P.—1,458,256 Issued—June 12, 1923 A composition of matter comprising cellulose ether and a monohydroxy aliphatic alechol containing more than two but less than six carbon atoms and a lower member of the benzene series of hydrocarbons. Type Formula: Cellulose ethyl ether....... 5 parts Ay) AlCOROM Ce ince. saya 5 parts Birtylalechol’ in55.+eeseas 15 parts DRVIOL Be so a ale Sate mes aie ae 75 parts 104 Optional Constituents:—Benzol, toluol, propyl alcohol, isopropyl] alcohol. Stevenson, W. J. Applied—April 2, 1921 U.S.P.—1,458,505 Issued—June 12, 1923 A non-inflammable film consisting of acetyl cellulose and equal amounts of triacetin and triphenyl phosphate in the proportion of from 10 to 30% of the weight of acetyl cellulose. Type Formula: Acetyl cellulose ........... 200 gms EYIRCGLIN Cea cates cna ak 20 gms Triphenyl phosphate ...... 20 gms. Optional Constituents: — Tetrachlor- ethane, benzyl alcohol. Donohue, J. M. & Farrow, E. S. Applied—Feb. 8, 1923 Assigned—Fastman Kodak Co. U.S.P.—1,460,097 Tasued2 dune 26, 1923 A film comprising cellulose ether and a high boiling stabilizer which will maintain flexibility in the film after prolonged heating thereof at 65° C. Type Formula: Cellulose ether ............ 20 parts Methyl acetanilid ......... 2 parts Methyl acetate ...........% 90 parts Methyl alcohol 10 parts Optional Constituents:—Acetyl p-phene- tidine, diethyl carbanilide, aniline acetate, phenyl urea, diphenyl ethylene diamine, phenyl naphthyl amine, benz anilide, para di methyl amino phenyl acetate, triphenyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, camphor, monochlor-naph- thalene. eoereeeeeeee Webb, Wm. R. Applied—April 30, 1921 Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. U.S.P.—1,460,690 Issued—July 3, 1923 Aromatic side chain alcohols, their homologues and substitution products are used as solvents for cellulose ethers. Type Formula: Ethyl cellulose: ¢<.. 20. Vises Benzyl alcohol ...3sssless. A SURVEY OF NITROC ELLULOSE LACQUER Optional Constituents:—Methy] alcohol, triphenyl phosphate, tricresyl phos- phate, camphor, monochlornaphtha- lene, phenyl ethyl alcohol. St. John, A. D. Applied—May 22, 1922 US.P.—1,462,306 Issued—July 17, 1923 Mono cresyl diphenyl phosphate is used as a plasticizer for cellulose esters. Type Formula: Cellulose ester ......... wee. 80-65% Mono cresyl diphenyl phos- phate. «.« isi saline eee eee 20-35% Optional Constituwents:—Camphor, tri- phenylphosphate. Carroll, Stewart J. Applied—April 5, 1921 Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. U.S.P.—1,464,169 Issued—Aug. 7, 1923 A solvent for cellulose ethers con- sisting of a mixture of an acetic ester of the lower monohydroxy aliphatic alcohols (less than six carbon stoms), and chloroform. Type Formula: '. Ethyl cellulose. i.y.03 eee 1 part Methyl acetate, 50% eae Chloroform, 50% {°**°""* Py Optional Constituents:—Ethyl acetate, triphenyl phosphate, tricresy] phos- phate, camphor. Carroll, S. J. ‘Applied—April 5, 1921 Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. U.S.P.—1,464,170 Issued—Aug. 7, 1923 A solvent for cellulose ethers con- sisting of a mixture of an acetic ester of the lower monohydroxy aliphatic alcohols (less than six carbon atoms), and ethylene chloride. Type Formula: Ethyl cellulose ........ pscee ISDert Ethylene cchloride, 40-50 parts wt: Oi.adsi ewe seem 5 parts tiga acetate, 60-50 parts Susteren ds ee bet 5 parts Piva: Constituents:—Ethyl acetate, triphenyl phosphate, tricresyl phos- phate, camphor. UNITED STATES PATENTS Loffler, Raimund J. Applied—March 31, 1921 Assigned—Wm. L. Voight U.S.P.—1,464,949 Issued—Aug. 14, 1923 A composition for use as an in- gredient in the manufacture of plastic masses comprising the combination of a lignosulphoacid with a protein sub- stance such as glue. Optional Constituents:—Viscose, copper oxide ammonia cellulose, castor oil, oleic soap, mineral acids, vegetable acids, animal acids, glycerine, magne- sium chloride, fillers: sawdust, zinc oxide, kaolin, alum earths, chrome salts, formaldehyde. Dreyfus, Henry Applied—Nov., 2, 1920 U.S.P.—1,466,819 Issued—Sept. 4, 1923 A method of incorporating in cellu- lose acetate a plasticizer (alkylated sulphonamid) by the aid of low boil- ing media such as ethyl alcohol. Type Formula: Cellulose acetate, mixed isomeric xylene mono-ethyl 100 parts PRUDMODBMUG Ss 5

pes Cellulose ether (ethyl)...... 1 part Optional Constituents:—Ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, ethyl acetate, triphenyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, cam- phor, monochlornaphthalene. Carroll, Stewart J. Applied—March 3, 1922 Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. U.S.P—1,467,095 Issued—Sept. 4, 1923 A composition comprising a cellulose ether dissolved in a mixture of di- phenyl methane and a monohydroxy aliphatic alcohol of less than six car- bon atoms, or the acetate of the same. Type Formula: Diphenyl methane, 50 parts Methyl aceate, 50 parts } ide Ethyl cellulose st... weiss se 1 part Optional Constituents:—Ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, ethyl acetate, triphenyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, cam- phor, monochlornaphthalene. Carroll, Stewart J. Applied—March 3, 1922 Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. US.P—1 »467,096 Tssued—Sept. 4, 1923 A composition comprising a cellulose ether dissolved in a mixture of ethyl benzyl aniline and a monohydroxy ali- phatic alcohol of less than six carbon atoms, or the acetate of the same. Type Formula: Kthyl benzy] aniline, 50 parts Methyl acetate, 50 parts } 5 pate Ethyl celluloses ces eeeeeere 1 part Optional Constituents:—Methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, ethyl acetate, triphenyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, cam- phor, monochlornaphthalene. A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER Carroll, Stewart J. Applied—March 3, 1922 Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. U.S.P.—1,467,097 Issued—Sept. 4, 1923 A composition comprising a cellulose ether dissolved in a mixture of cyclo- hexanol and a monohydroxy aliphatic alcohol of less than six carbon atoms, or the acetate of the same. Type Formula: Cyclohexanol, 50 parts ) Methyl acetate, 50 partsf “"" oat Ethyl cellulose 1 part Optional Constituents:—Methyl] alcohol, ethyl alcohol, ethyl acetate, triphenyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, cam- phor, monochlornaphthalene. Carroll, Stewart J. Applied—March 3, 1922 Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. U.S.P.—1,467,098 Issued—Sept. 4, 1923 A composition comprising a cellulose ether dissolved in a mixture of aceto- phenone and a monohydroxy aliphatic alcohol of less than six carbon atoms, or the acetate of the same. Type Formula: Acetophenone, 1 part | 3 Methyl acetate, 3 parts{°°°"” pe Ethyl cellulose ...........--. 1 part Optional Constituents: —Methyl] alcohol, ethyl alcohol, ethyl acetate, triphenyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, cam- phor, monochlornaphthalene, acetone. Carroll, Stewart J. Applied—March 3, 1922 Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. U.S.P.—1,467,099 Issued—Sept. 4, 1923 A composition comprising a cellulose ether dissolved in a mixture of ethyl iodide and a monohydroxy aliphatic alcohol of less than six carbon atoms, or the acetate of the same. Type Formula: Ethyl iodide, 50 parts Methyl] acetate, 50 Se i SePoue Ethyl cellulose ..........-.- 1 part Optional Constituents:—Methyl sicokel ethyl alcohol, ethyl acetate, triphenyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, cam- phor, monochlornaphthalene, acetone. UNITED STATES PATENTS Carroll, Stewart J. Applied—March 3, 1922 Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. U.S.P.—1,467,100 Issued—Sept. 4, 1923 A composition comprising a cellulose ether dissolved in a mixture of ethyl- ene bromide and a monohydroxy ali- phatic alcohol having less than six car- bon atoms, or the acetate of the same. Type Formula: Ethylene bromide, 50 parts Methyl acetate, 50 parts PES tN HthylGelluloses...6 5.06 cue 2's 1 part Optional Constituents:—Methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, ethyl acetate, triphenyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, cam- phor, monochlornaphthalene, acetone. Carroll, Stewart J. Applied—March 38, 1922 Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. US.P—1 y467,101 Issued—Sept. 4, 1923 A composition comprising a cellulose ether dissolved in a mixture of cyclo- hexanone and a monohydroxy ali- phatic alcohol having less than six car- bon atoms, or the acetate of the same. Type Formula: Cyclohexanone, 50 parts Methyl] acetate, 50 mat acd at Hithyl] cellulose’ ............. 1 part Optional Constituents:—Methyl] alcohol, ethyl alcohol, ethyl acetate, triphenyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, cam- phor, monochlornaphthalene, acetone. Carroll, Stewart J. . Applied—March 3, 1922 Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. US.P.—1,467,102 Issued—Sept. 4, 1923 A composition comprising a cellulose ether dissolved in a mixture of methyl- ene chloride and a monohydroxy ali- phatic alcohol having less than six carbon atoms, or the acetate of the same. Type Formula: Methylene chloride, 50 parts Methyl acetate, 50 parts } ee Ethyl cellulose 1 part Optional Constituents:—Methy] alcohol, ethyl alcohol, ethyl acetate, triphenyl- 107 phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, cam- phor, monochlornaphthalene, acetone. Carroll, Stewart J. Applied—March 3, 1922 Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. U.S.P.—1,467,103 Issued—Sept. 4, 1923 A composition of matter, comprising cellulose ether dissolved in butyl tar- trate and a volatile vehicle carrying said ether and said butyl tartrate. Type Formula: Cellulose ether ......... 20 parts Birtyr tarurates cs. na.s ss 90-10 parts BEhyiesiconol.. sca. « 10-90 parts Optional Constituents:—-Methyl alcohol, ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, acetone, triphenyl phosphate, tricresyl phos- phate, camphor, monochlornaphtha- lene. Carroll, Stewart J. Applied—March 3, 1922 Assigned—HEastman Kodak Co. U.S.P.—1,467,104 Issued—Sept. 4, 1923 A composition of matter comprising cellulose ether dissolved in benzalde- . hyde and a volatile vehicle carrying said ether and said benzaldehyde. Type Formula: Cellulose ether ......... 20 parts Benzaldehyde .......... 90-10 parts Ethyl acetates. 2.3 parts Triphenyl phosphate ...... 2.3 parts Optional Constituents:—Mannol, ethyl phthalate, monoacetin, diacetin. Matheson, Howard W. Applied—Nov. 10, 1919 Assigned—Shawinigan Laboratories U.S.P.—1,488,608 Issued—April 1, 1924 A composition of matter containing a cellulose ester dissolved in ethylidene diacetate and a complementary sol- vent, such as alcohol. Type Formula: Cellulose acetate .......... 1 kilo Ethylidene diacetate ....... 10 liters PURO AICODOR Ug os o.s.0 v0 » 15 liters VERS Sls ees i ae 10 liters Optional Constituents:—Methy] alcohol, acetone, tricresyl phosphate, toluol, cellulose formate, pigments. Lindsay, Wm. G. Applied—April 25, 1922 Assigned—The Celluloid Co. U.S.P.—1,493,207 Issued—May 6, 1924 A composition of matter comprising pyroxylin plasticized by tricresyl phos- phate in admixture with sufficient cal- cium sulphate to produce a fire re- tarding effect. Type Formula: ee re 100 parts Tricresyl phosphate ....... 75 parts Calcium sulphate ......... 125 parts Optional Constituents:—Methy] alcohol, ethyl alcohol, acetic ether, acetone, amyl acetate. Lindsay, W. G. Applied—April 25, 1922 Assigned—The Celluloid Co. U.S.P.—1,493,208 Issued—May 6, 1924 A composition of matter containing a cellulose ester and a fire-retarding ingredient containing calcium tar- 111 trate, said latter ingredient being pres- ent in excess of 25% of said composi- tion. Type Formula: Pyrory lin been aa ns Seat, 100 parts Tricresyl phosphate ...... 75 parts Calcium tartrate :.1.iiaenc 125 parts Optional Constituents:—Methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, acetic ether, acetone, amyl acetate. Lindsay, Wm. G. Applied—March 138, 1923 Assigned—The Celluloid Co. U.S.P.—1,493,209 Issued—May 6, 1924 See also U.S.P—1,233,374 A thermo plastic composition com- prising acetyl cellulose plasticized by an aromatic phosphate in a mixture with sufficient calcium sulphate to pro- duce a fire retarding effect. Type Formula: Acetyl cellulose’ .. 4:22... 100 parts Tricresyl phosphate ....... 30 parts Calcium sulphate .......... 50 parts Optional Constituents:—Methyl] alcohol, ethyl alcohol, acetic ether, acetone, amyl acetate. See F. P. 580,882. KE. P. 230,663 Lindsay, Wm. G. Applied—March 13, 1923 Assigned—The Celluloid Co. U.S.P.—1,493,210 Issued—May 6, 1924 A composition comprising a cellu- lose acetate and calcium tartrate in sufficient quantity to produce a fire retarding effect. Type Formula: Acetyl cellulose ........ 100 parts Tricresyl phosphate .... 15-30 parts Calcium tartrate ....... 20-50 parts Optional Constituents:—Methyl] alcohol, ethyl alcohol, acetic ether, acetone, amyl acetate. See also U.S.P. 1,233,374. Farrow, Edward S. Applied—July 7, 1922 Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. US.P.—1,494,469 Issued—May 20, 1924 112 A composition of matter comprising cellulose ether dissolved in a mixture of methyl alcohol, methyl acetate, and aniline acetate. A very small amount of the latter material reduces the vis- cosity of the solution appreciably. Type Formula: Cellulose ether 6. 6602 "a. 25 parts Methyl acetate ........... 90 parts Methyl alcohol ........... 10 parts Aniline acetate ............ 14 parts Optional Constituents:—Triphenyl] phos- phate, tricresylphosphate, camphor, monochlornaphthalene. Farrow, E. S. Jr. Applied—July 7, 1922 Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. US.P.—1,494,470 Issued—May 20, 1924 A composition of matter comprising cellulose ether dissolved in a mixture of methyl alcohol, methyl acetate and anthranilic acid. A very small amount of the latter material reduces the vis- cosity of the solution appreciably. Type Formula: Cellulose ether ............ 25 parts Methyl acetate ........+.- 90 parts Mothy! alcohol 4... .encss 10 parts Anthranilic acid ........+.; 14 parts Optional Constituents:—Triphenyl phos- phate, tricresyl phosphate, camphor, monochlornaphthalene. Farrow, Edward S. Jr. Applied—July 7, 1922 Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. US.P.—1,494,471 Issued—May 20, 1924 A composition of matter comprising cellulose ether dissolved in a mixture of methyl alcohol, methyl acetate and benzamide. The latter material serves to decrease the viscosity of the solution. Type Formula: Cellulose ether ............ 25 parts Methyl. acetate <..2 5.0.6.8 90 parts Methy! :alcoliol .:2n.2/.50%4 10 parts ‘Betizainide « 1 part Bengal chlorite sy5..44'5. ses 3 parts Methyl] alcohol ............- 3 parts Optional Constituents:—Benzo _trichlo- ride, benzyl chloride, benzyl bromide, benzal bromide, benzo _ tribromide, butyl alcohol, propyl alcohol, ethyl al- cohol, triphenyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, camphor, monochlornaph- thalene. Donohue, J. M. Filed—Feb. 23, 1923 Assigned to Eastman Kodak Co. US.P.—1,552,799 Issued—Sept. 8, 1925 A composition of matter suitable for the production of plastics, films, etc., comprising cellulose ether dissolved in a mixture of a lower monohydroxy aliphatic alcohol and a bromo-nucleo substitution product of one of the group benzene and its homologues. Type Formula: Cellulose ether ............- 1 part Mono brom benzene ..-..... 3 parts Methyl alcohol ......-..ss0s 3 parts Optional Constituents:—Dibrom ben- zene, mono brom toluene, dibrom tolu- ene, triphenyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, camphor, monochlornaph- thalene, butyl alcohol, propyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol. Donohue, J. M. Filed—Feb. 23, 1923 Assigned to Eastman Kodak Co. U.S.P.—1,552,800 Issued Sept. 8, 1925 A composition of matter suitable for the production of plastics, films, etc., comprising cellulose ether dissolved in a mixture of acetyl acetone and a lower monohydroxy aliphatic alcohol. Acetyl acetone also acts to some ex- tent as a plasticizer. Type Formula: Cellulose: ether ..2...es. e048 1 part Acetyl acetone .....+...ee0- 3 parts Methyl alcohol ..casuseeeuee 3 parts Optional Constituents:—Triphenyl phos- phate, tricresyl phosphate, camphor, monochlornaphthalene, butyl alcohol, propyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol. Donohue, J. M. Filed—Feb. 23, 1923 © Assigned to Eastman Kodak Co. US.P.—1,552,801 Issued—Sept. 8, 1925 A composition of matter suitable for the production of plastics, films, etc., comprising cellulose ether dissolved in a mixture of hexyl acetate and a lower monohydroxy aliphatic alcohol. Hexyl acetate also imparts plasticizing prop- - erties. Type Formula: Cellulose ether ......... coe Pas OBFe Hexyl acetate ......seayaaeks 3 parts Methyl alcohol ........... .. 3 parts Optional Constituents:—Triphenyl phos- phate, tricresyl phosphate, camphor, monochlornaphthalene, butyl alcohol, propyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol. Donohue, J. M. Filed—Feb. 23, 1923 Assigned to Eastman Kodak Co, Se ee) ES SR, a eee aN Cr eee i UNITED STATES PATENTS 121 U.S.P.—1,552,802 Issued—Sept. 8, 1925 A composition of matter suitable for the production of plastics, films, etc., comprising cellulose ether dissolved in a mixture of a lower monohydroxy aliphatic alcohol and carvone, the latter also imparting plasticizing prop- erties to the composition. Type Formula: Celniose ther ............ 1 part OP WOGR I eins s saws esa es 6s 3 parts MistHVr AMICON! 5 6s... 5... 3 parts Optional Constituents:—Triphenyl phos- phate, tricresyl phosphate, camphor, monochlornaphthalene, butyl alcohol, propyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol. Donohue, J. M. Filed—Feb. 23, 1923 Assigned to Eastman Kodak Co. U.S.P.—1,552,803 Issued—Sept. 8, 1925 A composition of matter suitable for the production of plastics, films, etc., comprising cellulose ether, and an acetic acid ester of a polyhydroxy ben- zene—which serves as a stabilizer— dissolved in a volatile common solvent. Type Formula: Cellulose ether ........... 20 parts Hydroquinone diacetate... 2 parts Methyl acetate .......-... 126 parts Methyl alcohol ........... 14 parts Optional Constituents:—Tripheny] phos- phate, tricresyl . phosphate, cam- phor, monochlornaphthalene, pyrogal- lol monoacetate, pyrogallol diacetate, resorcinol monoacetate, resorcinol diacetate, catechol monoacetate, cat- echol diacetate, hydroxyquinol mono- acetate, hydroxyquinol diacetate, hydroquinone monoacetate. Donohue, J. M. Filed—Feb. 24, 1923 Assigned to Eastman Kodak Co. U.S.P.—1,552,804 Issued—Sept. 8, 1925 A composition of matter suitable for the production of plastics, films, var- nishes, etc., comprising cellulose ether dissolved in a mixture of a lower monohydroxy] aliphatic alcohol and a butyric acid ester of a monohydroxy Optional aliphatic alcohol, having more than 2 and less than 6 carbon atoms, the latter compound also serving as a plasticizer. Type Formula: Cellulose ether ............. 1 part Tsoaniy|* butyrate ..0.5 00... 3 parts NLStSORIGONOI To sane 3 parts Constituents:—Propyl buty- rates, butyl butyrates, amyl butyrates, triphenyl phosphate, tricresyl phos- phate, camphor, monochlornaphtha- lene, butyl alcohol, propyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol. Donohue, J. M. Filed—Feb. 24, 1923 Assigned to Eastman Kodak Co. U.S.P.—1,552,805 Issued—Sept. 8, 1925 A composition of matter suitable for the production of plastics, films, etc., comprising cellulose ether dissolved in a mixture of a lower monohydroxy aliphatic alcohol and a carbonic acid ester of a lower monhydroxy aliphatic alcohol, the latter compound also im- parting plasticizing properties. Type Formula: Celulose: ether-s.57 ee 1 part Ethyl carbonate’ ....:00.2... 3 parts Methyl sleohol ete; seu 3 parts Optional Constituents:—Methyl carbon- ate, propyl carbonate, butyl carbonate, amyl carbonate, triphenyl phosphate, tricresyl carbonate, camphor, mono- chlornaphthalene, ethyl alcohol, propyl alcohol, butyl alcohol, amyl alcohol. Donohue, J. M. Filed—Feb. 24, 1923 Assigned to Eastman Kodak Co. U.S.P.—1,552,806 Issued—Sept. 8, 1925 A composition of matter suitable for the production of plastics, films, etc., comprising cellulose ether dissolved in a mixture of a formic acid ester of a lower monohydroxy aliphatic alcohol and a common solvent which brings out the latent solvent power of said ester. The ester also imparts plastic- izing properties to the composition. 122 Type Formula: Cellulose ether ............. 1 part Methyl dormate*.> Gadsevene: 3 parts Methy! alcohol 2.0.50. 02545 3 parts Optional Constituents:—Benzol, acetone, ethyl alcohol, propyl alcohol, butyl alcohol, ethyl formate, propyl formate, butyl formate, triphenyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, camphor, mono- chlornaphthalene. Sulzer, A. F. Filed—Dec. 7, 1921 Assigned to Eastman Kodak Co. U.S.P.—1,552,808 Issued September 8, 1925 Aeroplane fabrics coated with cellu- lose ether dopes are highly resistant to becoming brittle at low tempera- tures, said coating comprising a layer directly on the fabric containing sub- stantially no plasticizers, and having thereon successive layers of cellulose ether containing substantial amounts of a plasticizer. Type Formula: Cellulose ether ...........+ 10 parts Ethyl alcohol (den.) ....... 33 parts BENZOl 23 acd ce esc eiee 7 parts Tricresyl phosphate ........ 2 parts Optional Constituents:—Triphenyl phos- phate, camphor, monochlorbenzol. Bacon, G. C. Filed—June 20, 1922 Assigned to Atlas Powder Co. U.S.P.—1,553,494 Issued—Sept. 15, 1925 The viscosity of nitrocellulose com- pounds is reduced by subjecting the nitrocellulose to the action of heat in the presence of a liquid of low solvent power, said nitrocellulose being ren- dered soluble in such liquid by heating. Optional Constituents:—Ethyl alcohol, benzol. Bacon, G. C. Filed—June 20, 1922 Assigned to Atlas Powder Co. U.S.P.—1,553,495 Issued Sept. 15, 1925 The viscosity of nitrocellulose is re- duced by embedding the nitrocellulose in a body of substantially dry protect- A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER ing and heat transmitting material and then subjecting the whole to the action of heat above 60° C. Johnson, W. M. Filed—Feb. 10, 1925 U.S.P.—1,554,505 Issued—Sept. 22, 1925 A plastic non-inflammable _ nitro- cellulose composition. Calcium chlo- ride, sodium acetate, and aluminum sulphate, when heated give off a non- inflammable gas; the sodium borate serves as a dehydrating agent. Type Formula: Nitrocellulose ........... ..-- 10 parts Calcium chloride .. 2 parts Aluminum sulphate 1 part ete a Sodium acetate.... 1 part Pee Sodium borate..... 1 part Alcohol Camphor Optional Constituents:—Alum. Farrington, V. L. & Alderman, E. T. Filed—June 14, 1922 U.S.P.—1,556,512 Issued—October 6, 1925 A composition for cementing films. Type Formula: coating and Nitrocellulose... twee 100 parts Acetone v.40 y esa eee 200 parts Ether ©. )..ie. santo ee 100 parts Amy] acetate ee.5 ee 200 parts Ethyl alcohol (den.) ...... 200 parts Maze, A. E, Filed—March 27, 1924 Assigned to Ellis-Foster Co. U.S.P.—1,558,446 Issued October 20, 1925 The process of making a nitrocellu- lose solvent from wood tar oil which comprises agitating a distillate thereof, boiling up to 130° C., with bleaching powder. . Taylor, C. M. Filed Jan. 10, 1922 US.P.—1,562,383 Issued Nov. 17, 1925 A floor covering comprising an as- phalt impregnated felt base enclosed in a coating of cellulose ester, pre- pared as indicated below. UNITED STATES PATENTS Type Formula: MiGPOCENUIOSE 98s. oss. ee ees 12 parts A eS a ar 88 parts RS oe cgi ts os vo won ess 12 parts Vegetable Oil ie. .00. os. e.. 12 parts Optional Constituents:—Cumaron resin, linseed oil, acetone oil, solvent naphtha, xylol, toluol, benzol, cellulose acetate. Taylor, C. M. Filed—Jan. 10, 1922 US.P.—1,562,385 Issued—Nov. 17, 1925 The process of making floor cover- ings which comprises treating a felt base, which has been thoroughly satu- rated throughout by coating it with a first coating of a solution of nitrocel- lulose, drying said coating, applying to said dried surface a coat of paint, and applying a second and transparent coating of a solution of nitrocellulose. Type Formula: mritrocelluloser®. 20.80 0h0.0.. 10 parts PACELOME TON . aks. cc sa 00s 31 parts Solvent naphtha ........... 59 parts hn oe) 10 parts ROTINTOMID Sta otic eae eo cis 12 parts Pigment Optional Constituents:—Xylol, toluol, benzol, cumaron, camphor. Taylor, C. M. Filed—Sept. 27, 1924 US.P.—1,562,386 Issued—Nov. 17, 1925 A floor covering comprising a felt base impregnated with a flexible filling material, a coating of paint supported on said felt base, and an outer coating of a film of a cellulose ester. Type Formula: PMETOCCHINOSEG’* oc. se ae ees 20 parts PATE IOI fea ee ce es wee 30 parts Anhydrous ethyl alcohol.... 30 parts 8 OE SO Se os 30 parts Optional Constitwents:—Cellulose ace- tate, amyl alcohol, ethyl acetate, amyl acetate, butyl acetate, tricresyl phos- phate, diethyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate. Taylor, C. M. Filed—October 21, 1925 123 US.P.—1,562,387 Issued—Nov. 17, 1925 A floor covering comprising a cellu- lose ester impregnated felt base of the smooth surface floor covering type coated with a film of a mixture of nitrocellulose and a resin. Type Formula: Nitrocellulose 0 55etee ace 10 parts ACSLOMGL OUP Le. ete ece eee 31 parts Dolvent: naphthawws<. ccs: 49 parts Linseed: oilp4y'c, 22.6. eee 30 parts CUIIATOR? ass Welt oz Ree 5 parts Optional Constituents:—Cellulose ace- tate, xylol, toluol, benzol, kauri, camphor. Cunninghan, C. L. Filed—Aug. 14, 1924 U.S.P.—1,562,544 Issued—Nov. 24, 1925 A penetrative ink, stain or dye for lacquered surfaces. Type Formula: Absohite aleonola.2....00. 2 parts Diethyl phthalate .......... 1 part Kipyl lactate vo, s ae nck «2 J 1¢). parts Coloring matter Optional Constituents:—Ethyl] oxalate. Lilienfeld, L. Filed—Jan. 11, 1921 US.P.—1,563,204 Issued—Nov. 24, 1925 A composition of matter suitable for the production of plastics, films, lac- quers, etc., comprising an aralkyl ether of cellulose and oily bodies which are formed when acetylene is caused to act upon the higher boiling portions of coal tar oil, in the presence of aluminum chloride. Type Formula: Celluloseiether > aes 0 9 8 oz PELAGIC ULS Ny) 1: 4 oz. TRG PRCOL BLE. fake vine oe 5 1 qt. Hthyl acetate ............... 1 qt. oe a 2 qts. Optional Constituents:— Gums, resins, pigments, camphor, acetin, phthalate esters, tricresyl phosphate, butyl tar- trate. Amen, Nicholas C. Assigned to Howard H. Randolph U. S. Patent—1,643,437 Filed—July 10, 1924 Issued—September 27, 1927 A material suitable for use as a pli- able and water-proof liquid cement for fabric or the like having approximately the composition indicated below. Type Formula: Nitrocellulose ... 18% MPGHION cece ses cs 45% Methyl acetone.. 37% Butyl acetate.... 3to 8% of the above Davidson, Joseph G. Assigned to Carbide and Carbon Chemicals Corporation 133 U. S. Patent—1,644,417 Filed—June 138, 1924 Issued—October 4, 1927 A composition of matter comprising a solution of cellulose ester containing a substantial proportion of an alkyl ether of ethylene glycol. The mono- ethyl ether of ethylene glycol is spe- cifically referred to. Optional Constituents:—Cellulose ace- tate, ethylene dichloride, glycol mono- or diacetate, acetylene tetrachloride, diacetone alcohol, benzol, acetone, methyl] alcohol, ethyl alcohol, naphtha. Davidson, Joseph G. Assigned to Carbide Chemicals Corporation U. S. Patent—1,644,418 Filed—July 20, 1925 Issued—October 4, 1927 A composition of matter comprising a solution of cellulose ester containing a substantial proportion of an ether of propylene glycol. The mono ethyl ether is specifically referred to. Optional Constituents :—Gasoline, benzol. and Carbon Davidson, Joseph G. Assigned to Carbide Chemicals Corporation U. S. Patent—1,644,419 Filed—August 5, 1925 Issued—October 4, 1927 A methyl ether of ethylene glycol is recommended for use as a solvent for cellulose esters. and Carbon Davidson, Joseph G, Assigned to Carbide Chemicals Co. U. 8. Patent—1,644,420 Filed—August 16, 1927 Issued—October 4, 1927 The ethyl ether of ethylene glycol (ethyl glycol) is used as a solvent for nitrocellulose. (This patent supersedes the Shipley-Given U'S.P. 1,533,616 hav- ing overcome the latter in interfer- ence.) Optional Constituents:— Cellulose ace- tate, ethylene dichloride, glycol mono- or diacetate, acetylene tetrachloride, diacetone alcohol, benzol, acetone, methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, naphtha. and Carbon 134 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER Horii, Shinjiro U. 8. Patent—1,645,141 Filed—May 18, 1926 Issued—October 11, 1927 A stencil sheet made of a base of fibrous material and impregnated with the composition shown below. Type Formula: Cellulose nitrate, 5% solu- tlONS Ee. ee ee 100 parts Chlorinated naphthalene... 20 parts Mannan acetate, 10% solu- HiGh /2a2 Es eee 5 parts Dtearine ie Ss ce wee wees ok 5 parts Castor. Gu wl Gee ee 5 parts Clewell, John H., Jr. Assigned to E. I. Du Pont de Nemours and Co. U. S. Patent—1,647,435 Filed—January 7, 1924 Issued—November 1, 1927 Cellulose-ester compositions are pro- tected from the effect of sunlight by coating with oil resin varnishes, spar varnishes such as navalite, dammar- oil varnishes, various spirit varnishes and phenol condensation varnishes such as condensite and bakelite var- nishes. Seel, Paul C. Assigned to Eastman Kodak Co. U. 8. Patent—1,648,509 Filed—February 11, 1925 Issued—November 8, 1927 The viscosity characteristics of nitro- cellulose may be reduced by treating the nitrocellulose with an aqueous so- lution of pyridine containing a nitro- cellulose solvent, until the viscosity characteristics of the nitrocellulose are reduced. Flaherty, Edmund M. Assigned to E. I. Du Pont de Nemours and Co. U. S. Reissue—16,803 Filed—September 19, 1927 Issued—November 29, 1927 A pyroxylin coating composition containing nitrocellulose, a softener therefor, and a volatile nitrocellulose solvent, the viscosity characteristic of the nitrocellulose, expressed as the vis- cosity of a 16 oz. solution thereof in C. P. ethyl acetate being less than 1200 centipoises when measured by the Stormer viscosimeter at 28° C. Optional Constituents: Amyl acetate, butyl acetate, amyl alcohol, butyl al- cohol, toluol, benzol, xylol, castor oil, gum dammar, shellac, blown cotton- seed oil. This is a reissue of United States Patent 1,629,999. Bogin, Charles Assigned to Commercial Solvents Cor- poration U. S. Patent—1,651,578 Filed—June 1, 1925 Issued—December 6, 1927 The use of hexahydrophenol to pro- duce compatibility in nitrocellulose solutions is recommended. Type Formula: 1/2 or 4 second viscosity nitro- cellulose: 0.4). cxetiee pee 16 oz. Dammar or ester gum........ 16 oz. Dissolved in one gallon of the following solvent mix- ture Diacetone alcohol ..... 10% Hexahydrophenol ..... 10% Ethyl acetate ......... 10% Benzol {i345 Gane see 2570 Toluol 44.4) eee 25% Optional Constituents:—Kauri gum, © elemi gum, shellac gum, synthetic res- ins, ethyl lactate, propyl lactate, butyl lactate, butyl propionate, butyl] phthal- ate, tricresyl phosphate, ethyl alcohol, butyl alcohol. Graul, William F. U. S. Patent—1,652,353 Filed—November 29, 1922 Issued—December 13, 1927 A wood filler for lacquers, compris- ing a soluble cellulose ester mixed with pulverized pumice or pulverized asbestos. . Type Formula: Celluloid scrap i355 sheeneen % oz. Amy] acetate ...8.3555 9s ae 1 pt. Pulverized asbestos .......... 1 oz. Pulverized pumice ..... ye: 6 oz. ae UNITED STATES PATENTS 135 Optional Constituents:— Nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate, ethyl alcohol-ether, acetone, methyl alcohol, ethyl acetate, amyl acetate, dyes. Shipley, Stanley D. Assigned to Atlas Powder Co. U. 8. Patent—1,652,587 Filed—June 9, 1922 Issued—December 13, 1927 Low viscosity nitrocellulose solutions are obtained by heating the nitrocellu- lose in a non-solvent liquid and in the presence of a catalyzing agent. Optional Constituents:—Water, soda ash, aluminum, tin, zinc, lead, silver, nickel, gold, copper, etc. Humphrey, Irvin W. Assigned to Hercules Powder Com- pany U. S. Patent—1,653,008 Filed—November 22, 1924 Issued—December 20, 1927 A nitrocellulose lacquer comprising a solution of nitrocellulose and oxi- dized pine oil constituents comprising _ camphor and crude fenchone. Optional Constituents:—Acetone, butyl acetate, ethyl alcohol, benzol. Humphrey, Irvin W. Assigned to Hercules Powder Com- pany U. S. Patent—1,653,009 Filed—August 17, 1925 Issued—December 20, 1927 A pine oil product adapted for use in preparing a solvent from nitrocellulose comprising dehydrated constituents and oxidized constituents of pine oil adapted to have a substantial colloiding action on nitrocellulose. Humphrey, Irvin W. Assigned to Hercules Powder Com- pany U. S. Patent—1,653,010 Filed—July 23, 1926 Issued—December 20, 1927 A nitrocellulose lacquer including a solution of nitrocellulose and contain- ing dehydrated and oxidized pine oil constituents. Type Formula: Low viscosity nitrocotton..... 10.5% Denatured alcohol ........... 4.5 Pen Zene Lae: fue weir cea oh aise as 26 Bitawol pepe dos} cis «sleet aie 5 ities wincetater cnr se lene o's 6 Buty liacetaterc.). 22 ies seed 16.5 Gaiiesolitione of anos Se wes os 16.5 Diethyl phthalate. .......76-: 5 Dehydrated and oxidized pine CDi sales oor veiw e te ne ure ee 10 BRITISH PATENTS Cornides, L. Eng. Pat. 745 Issued—1855 Paper, leather, fabrics, etc., may be coated with explosive cotton dissolved in wood spirit, pyroxylin spirit, o alcoholized ether. Optional Constitwents:—India rubber, gums, resins, bitumen, drying oils, graphite, metal powders. Parkes, A. Eng. Pat. 2359 Issued—1855 Fabrics, wood, leather, etc., may be waterproofed by means of a solution of gun-cotton in vegetable naphtha, alcohol, methylated or other ethers. Gums, resins, or stearine may be added; coloring matter or metal bronzes may also be included. Parkes, A. Be6P. 4125 Issued—May 13, 1856 A waterproofing and coating com- position prepared by dissolving gun- cotton or the like in a solvent ob- tained by distilling a mixture of wood spirit or naphtha and chloride of lime or sulfuric, nitric or other acid. Gums and resins may be added. Pellen, M. E.P.—2,256 Issued—September 26, 1856 A varnish composed of amylaceous substances, such as inulin, of lichenin, of gum tragacanth, etc., mixed with some kinds of gum, of sugar, gelatin, dextrin, of glucose of albumen, or of collodion, dissolved in water or dilute alcohol. A small amount of castor oil is mixed with the collodion. Berard, P. Eng. Pat. 1,884 Issued—1857 A coating composition comprising collodion to which coloring matter ground up in an oily substance such as castor oil is added. Berard, P. H. G. E.P—639 Issued—March 26, 1858 Concentrated collodion for use with or instead of common oil paints or varnish, is made of alcohol, ether, azotic cotton and castor or other oil. Rollason, A. Eng. Pat.—2849 Issued—1858 Fabrics are waterproofed by treat- ing with a composition prepared by dissolving pyroxylin in any of its known solvents to which is added a vegetable oil, such as castor oil. 1/50 to 1/100 part of Canada balsam or other gum may also be added. Childs, J. E.P.—2,295 Issued—October 8, 1859 A spirit varnish, preferably a solu- tion of collodion colored to any tint, is used for varnishing artificial gums. Barnwell, S. and Rollason, A. E.P.—2,249 Issued—Sept. 15, 1860 Compositions containing pyroxylin, oils, gums, resins, india-rubber and gutta-percha, salts, colours, and ani- mal, mineral, and vegetable matters are used in solution as a vehicle for paints and as a varnish or lacquer. Hands, R. M. 136 Eng. Pat.—2,417 Issued—1860 Fabrics are rendered glossy by treat- ing with a solution of collodion di- luted with methylated spirits and ether. BRITISH PATENTS Morris, T.; Weare, R.; & Monckton, E. H. C. E.P.—2,661 Issuéd—Oct. 24, 1861 Wires may be coated with paint prepared with oxidized iron, and then coated over with collodion. Rollason, A. EP—1,057 Issued—April 27, 1863 A varnish for glass, etc., comprises a solution of aniline or other dye in spirit, ether, etc., mixed with solution of pyroxylin or with varnishes. Simonet, L. E.P—756 Issued—March 26, 1864 A varnish used in the manufacture of imitation hats and other headgear is made from gum-lac, galipot, and collodion. Rollason, A. E.P.—2,143 Issued—August 31, 1864 Collodion or.a mixture of collodion with a gum, such as gum animi, resin, and balsam of aniseed, or oils, such as linseed, nut and castor oils is used as a coating composition. A cement of gum arabic, dextrine, albumen, gela- tine, sugar, honey, isinglass or the like, either separately or combined may be brushed or poured over the collodion coating. Parks, A. Eng. Pat.—2,675 Issued—1864 Gun-cotton is dissolved in distillate obtained by treating wood naphtha with calcium chloride. Aniline colors, gums and resins, such as shellac, copal or animi may be added. Crozat, W. E.P.—2,953 Issued—November 25, 1864 Varnishes for use in finishing photo- graphs, contain sulfuric ether, alcohol, and photographic cotton. Parkes, A. E.P.—1,313 Issued—May 11, 1865 137 Pyroxylin dissolved in nitrobenzene, aniline, or glacial acetic acid is used as a varnish, Parkes, A. E.P.—1,695 Issued—June 8, 1867 Fabrics, paper, etc., are coated with a thin varnish consisting of dissolved pyroxylin or parkesine and fish scale lustre. Type Formula: PSUS LN) alerted cide . eerie nee SL DOSC.G, Water. 2.206 co sew oes eee 5 ¢.c. Dubosc, L. A. E.P.—413 Issued—Jan. 7, 1908 The ester formed on treating turpen- tine oil with hydrochloric acid and then with an alkali formate in the presence of an excess of formic acid boils at 210° C. and forms an excellent solvent for nitrocellulose when mixed with an equal amount of alcohol. Stevens, W. J. E.P.—4,390 Issued—Feb. 26, 1908 A plastic composition, consisting of nitrocellulose, anhydrous zine chloride, camphor, amyl acetate, and sodium carbonate. Type Formula: Nitrocellulose ........ 150 parts wt. Anhydrous zine chloride 100 parts wt. CAMphorsn loses chee 70 parts wt. Amyl acetate ......... 150 parts wt. Sodium carbonate ..... 15 parts wt. Optional Constituents:—Methanol, pig- ments. Closmann, E. A. Eng. Pat.—8,618 Issued—1908 Linen is coated with a solution of collodion cotton in amyl acetate con- taining zinc white. Desvaux, L. & Allaire, H. E.P.—9,313 Issued—April 29, 1908 See French Patent 388,097 of 1908. Assadas, S. E.P.—9,982 Issued—May 7, 1908 See French Patent 387,537 of 1907. Cutter, A. E.P—13,221 Issued—June 22, 1908 For bronzing board for picture mounts, frames, etc., a paint is used consisting of bronze powder mixed with collodion, or preferably with a solution of celluloid in amyl] acetate. Siedentopf, O. E.P.—13,516 Issued—June 25, 1908 In applying finely divided metal, etc., to leather, canvas, straw, etc., a lacquer composed of celluloid and amyl acetate is used. Meyer, F. E.P.—19,735 Issued—Sept, 19, 1908 See French Patent 393,963 of 1908. See U.S. Patent 1,175,791. Manissadjan, H. B. E.P.—27,201 Issued—Dec. 15, 1908 To produce a plastic composition, acetyl cellulose is dissolved in a suit- able solvent and there are added non-drying oils, esters of phenols, cresol or naphthol, or their derivatives formed by substitution of the nucleus to increase the plasticity and reduce the inflammability. Payne, A. E.P.—28,415 Issued—June 22, 1908 In photo-engraving and etching, a metal plate is coated with a protective layer of collodion, bitumen, resin, etc. BRITISH PATENTS 153 Pianko, S. & Knaster, H. E.P—28,743 Issued—Dec. 31, 1908 A surface dressing for waterproofing, colouring, and strengthening the inner splits of tanned hides, consists of castor oil, aniline or mineral colouring- matter, or metallic bronzing, and dis- solved celluloid. Galay, J. D. & Galay, B. D. B.P.—1,715 Issued—Jan. 23, 1909 Films are made from a composition comprising collodion solution, glycer- ine or vegetable oil, and powdered metal such as aluminium. Bruckner, W. E.P.—1,799 Issued—Jan. 25, 1909 Linen is waterproofed by treating it with a solution of nitrocellulose in acetone, amyl alcohol, acetic acid, and zinc chloride or a compound of a soft metal, such as antimony, lead, etc. A solution of resin, soap, etc., or paraffin oil may be added. Commercial Products Co., Ltd. E.P.—4,154 Issued—Feb. 19, 1909 See French Patent 402,028 of 1909 Schloss, A. & Furst Guido Donners- marck’Sche, Kunstseiden und Acetat- werke E.P.—6,554 Issued—March 18, 1909 See U.S.P. 922,340. Wetter, J. E.P.—7,743 Issued—March 31, 1909 Cellulose acetate has its elasticity permanently increased by treatment with solutions of inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid. The substance may be treated in the form of fila- ments, films, etc. Lederer, L. E.P.—8,945 Issued—April 15, 1909 Sheets or films of durable softness and suppleness are produced by adding to the cellulose acetate, or its solution, a small quantity of an organic acid ester of a mono- or poly-hydric phenol, or of a phenol ether or of a homologue or nuclear substitution derivative of these bodies. Resorcin diacetate is recommended. See also French Pat. 402,083. Hart, A. M. E.P.—11,340 Issued May 13, 1909 An oil preparation for admixture with spirit and celluloid in the prep- aration of waterproofing materials consists of animal fat mixed with vegetable or mineral oil, or oil ob- tained from seed waste. _Farbenfabr. Vorm. F. Bayer & Co. E.P.—11,354 Issued—May 13, 1909 See F.P. 408,370. See also U.S.P. 1,031,616. Lederer, L. E.P.—11,625 Issued—1909 Filaments, films, etc., are produced from a solution of cellulose acetate and nitrate in a mixture of acetone and acetylene tetrachloride, with subse- quent denitrification. See also French Pat. 402,072, sa iee Pat. 42,440—1910. Reeser, H. J. G. E.P.—12,976 Issued—June 2, 1909 A celluloid substitute is produced by dissolving. cellulose acetate in a mixture of ethyl alcohol or methylated spirit, or other alcohol of the same series, with benzene, toluene or other hydrocarbon of the benzene series. Camphor and aceto-chlorhydrin are used as plasticizers. See also French Pat. 411,126. Dockree, R. D. E.P.—15,841 Issued—1909 Kinematograph films are brofacted from moisture, stains, etc., by coating 154 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER the gelatin side of the film with a var- nish consisting of a solution of cellu- loid in glacial acetic acid, amyl acetate, and a small proportion of sulfuric acid. Chem. Fab. Griesheim Elektron E.P—15,855 Issued—July 7, 1909 Camphor is wholly or partly re- placed by dihydroxy di-phenyl sul- fone in the preparation of celluloid. See French Patent 404,886. Douque, A. E.P.—17,449 Issued—July 27, 1909 See F.P. 403,761. Friedlander, M. & Tuebben, P. E.P—23,547 Issued—March 15, 1909 Linen, etc., is provided with a wash- able surface by coating it with a solu- tion of celluloid containing. a small proportion of wax. Zimmer, A. A, A. Eng. Pat.—24,006 Issued—1909 Linen, etc. is waterproofed and glazed by saturating in rubber, gutta- percha or stearic acid, partly drying and coating with a nitrocellulose solu- tion obtained by dissolving celluloid in dichlorhydrin or in a mixture of tetrachlorethane and acetone. See French Pat. 422,763. Parkin, W. C. & Williams, A. E.P.—26,657 Issued—Nov. 17, 1909 A composition obtained by treating cellulose with sulfuric and nitric acid is incorporated with camphor or its substitutes and with “suitable” sol- vents. It may also be worked with glycerine derivatives together with oils, with solvents and with filling materials. See also French Patent 421,010. Pauthonier, U. J. A. E.P.—27,102 Issued—Nov. 22, 1909 Compound esters of cellulose with acetic and sulpho-fatty acids are mixed with camphor or its substitutes, for the production of celluloid compositions. Suitable sulfo-fatty acids are sulfo- ricinoleic and sulfopalmitic, and sulfo- margaric acids. Mijnssen, C. E.P.—476 Issued—1910 Compound films are composed of one or more independent layers of hard acetylcellulose or hard acetyl- cellulose mixtures united with one or more layers of soft homogeneous duc- tile and flexible substances, such as mixtures of nitrocellulose, resins, or asphalt, with softening agents. The following substances are recommended as softening agents: phenols, chlor- hydrins, guaiacol, acetin, aniline, acetophone, etc. See also French Pat. 411,298. Lilienfeld, L. E.P.—636 Issued—Jan. 10, 1910 Condensation products obtained by treating drying oils, — particularly Chinese wood oil, or the fatty acids of such oils, with amido-derivatives of aromatic hydrocarbons or with deriva- tives thereof, in the presence of condensing-agents, may be used in combination with nitrocellulose or acetyl cellulose for the production of films or coating compositions. Peters, H. E.P.—870 Issued—Jan. 12, 1910 A composition for coating linen. Type Formula: Cellulose nitrate Methylated ether Amyl] alcohol Chloracetic acid Optional Constituents: — Nitrobenzol, amyl silicate, methyl silicate, castor oil. See also French Pat. 420,127. Eichengrun, A. EK.P.—1,441 Issued—Jan. 19, 1910 See French Patent 412,797. BRITISH PATENTS Bruckner, W. E.P.—1,799 Issued—Jan. 24, 1910 The linen, preferably previously pre- pared with a starch solution to which zinc chloride has been added, is treated with a solution of nitrocellu- lose in a mixture containing acetone, amyl alcohol, a little acetic acid and zinc chloride. See also D.R.P. 241,781, 238,361. (ool Knoll & Co. E.P.—3,559 Issued—1910 Cellulose-acetate films are produced by treating solutions of cellulose ace- tate spread out in layers with precipi- tating agents which are miscible with the solvent. For example, a solution in acetic acid may be precipitated by water. Farbwerke, F., Bayer & Co. Eng. Pat.—4,364 Issued—1910 See also French Patent 418,309 of 1910. Eichengrun, A. E.P.—4,959 Issued—1910 A paper and leather lacquer. Acetyl cellulose is sprayed onto dull, flexible threads of rubber, metal, etc., and then removed therefrom. See French Patent 413,901. Zimmer, A, A. A. K.P. —6,519 Issued—March 15, 1910 Linen articles are impregnated with nitrocellulose or celluloid dissolved in alcohol and ketone solvents of different boiling points of composition given below. Type Formula: Pere eIeet Ses ol) Ps a ee sss 60 parts PPOs cdr ee kl. eels as 30 parts OMS lei Ore Pee 5 parts ETC aN Wltie a's « ole's ss ofc 5 parts Meckens, W. & Manissadjian, H. B. E.P.—6,608 Issued—1910 155 A noninflammable celluloid substi- tute is made from acetyl cellulose and phosphates or thiophosphates of phenol, cresol, or naphthol, or their derivatives which are insoluble in water. Type Formula: Acetyl cellulose .......0.... 100 kg. Triphenyl phosphate ........ 35 kg. Tricresyl phosphate ......... 30 kg. Trinaphthylphosphate ...... 30 kg. Merckens, W. & Manissadjian, H. B. Eng. Pat.—8,646 Issued—April 9, 1910 See also French Pat. 414,679 of 1910, French Pat. 413,658, Aust. Pat. 47,244, Aust. Pat. 55,109, Swiss Pat. 51,644. Merckens, W. & Manissadjian, H. B. | E.P.—8,647 Issued—1910 Cellulose esters containing the radicles of acetic acid and a second acid such as sulfuric or phosphoric acids, are combined with esters of phenols, cresols, or naphthols, or their derivatives substituted in the nucleus, to produce non-inflammable films. Clement, E. F. E.P.—10,320 Issued—1910 A non-inflammable celluloid is ob- tained by adding to a mixture of-a solution of nitrocellulose in alcohol, and camphor, a substance containing colloidal silica. To 90% of the cellu- lose compound is added 10% of one of the ethyl silicates. See also French Pat. 402,569. Lindsay, W. G. E.P.—10,794 Issued—1910 Acetyl cellulose is mixed with a so- lution of triphenyl phosphate or its equivalent, such as trichlorphenol or tricresyl phosphate dissolved in a suit- able solvent such as acetone, chloro- form, ethyl acetate, acetylene tetra- chloride or a mixture of these, with or without alcohol. Lindsay, W. G. E.P—10,795 Issued—1910 156 A composition similar to celluloid is made from a mixture of acetyl cellu- lose, preferably 100 parts, and urea, 1-2 parts, with or without triphenyl phosphate or its equivalent. Zimmer, A. A. A. E.P.—12,406 Issued—April 21, 1910 Cellulose acetate is dissolved in a mixture of trichlorethane, castor oil and camphor. A solvent for cellulose butyrate consists of a mixture of ace- tone, trichlorethylene, castor oil, and camphor. Farbenfabr. Vorm F. Bayer & Co. Eng. Pat.—13,100 Issued—May 30, 1910 See Add. to Fr. Pat. 408,370. Lindsay, W. G. E.P.—13,692 Issued—1910 A composition containing nitrocel- lulose and benzylbenzoate is produced by treating the former with the latter, for example in solution in alcohol, wood spirit, amyl acetate, etc. See also US.P. 1,233,374, 1,292,819, Fr. Pat. 416,843. USP. Peters, H. E.P.—14,293 ‘Issued—June 13, 1910 Trinitrocellulose or triacetyl cellu- lose are dissolved in methylated ether diluted with amyl alcohol. Small quantities of castor oil and amyl or methyl] silicate may be added. Optional Constituents:—Calcium car- bonate, barium carbonate, zinc sul- phide, sodium casein, methyl aldehyde, glycerin. Bayer, F. & Co. E.P.—14,364 Issued—1910 Films are made from organic cellu- lose esters by means of pentachlor- ethane in conjunction with a solvent or diluent, as a liquefying agent, the pentachlorethane remaining in the final product. : See also Swiss Pat. 52,438. See also Aust. Pat. 46,991. A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER Rampichini, F. Eng. Pat.—14,586 Issued—1910 An adhesive consisting of nitrocel- lulose with or without camphor or coloring matter, or celluloid, dissolved in acetone or other suitable solvents such as methyl alcohol, ethyl acetate, benzol, nitrobenzol, or glacial acetic acid. See also French Pat. 415,945. Bayer, F. & Co. E.P.—16,932 Issued—1910 Cellulose ester solutions are pro- duced by means of a solvent consist- ing of a mixture of symmetrical dichlorethylene and alcohol, with or without other solvents. See also Swiss Pat. 52,273, French Pat. 418,309. Golby, F. W. & Abrle, H. C. E.P.—17,427 Issued—July 22, 1910 A varnish consisting of an india rub- ber solution containing a small addi- tion of celluloid varnish. ‘Eichingrun, A. Eng. Pat.—18,076 Issued—1910 Addition to Eng. Pat. 14411910 See Ist addition to French Pat. 412,797. Eichengrun, A. E.P.—18,189 Issued—July 30, 1910 See French Patent 418,744 of 1910. See U.S. Patent 1,185,074. Hart, A. M. E.P.—18,607. Issued—Aug. 6, 1910 Fabrics, paper, etc., are waterproofed by treatment with a composition of non-explosive nitrocellulose dissolved in ether and methylated spirit, mixed with oil (see 11340/09) and diluted with methylated spirit. For fireproof- ing, sodium tungstate may be added. See also U'S.P. 1,131,929, French Pat. 433,012. BRITISH PATENTS Borzykowski, B. E.P.—21,719 Issued—Sept. 19, 1910 Cellulose acetate is dissolved in a suitable solvent, such as _ acetone, chloroform, benzol, alcohol, etc., for the preparation of plastic compounds. Optional Constituents:—Formy] cellu- lose, glue, wax, resin. Walker, H. V. E.P—22,309 Issued—Sept. 26, 1910 Olefine oxides containing up to eight carbon atoms are employed as solvents for pyroxylin. Benzine, petroleum, etc., may be mixed with olefine oxides. Royle, F. E.P—22,311 Issued—Sept. 26, 1910 Hats are stiffened with nitrocellu- lose, celluloid, collodion, or the like dissolved in amyl acetate, etc. Eichengrun, A. E.P—27,258 _ Issued—Nov. 23, 1910 See French Patent 419,530 of 1910. Medveczky, S. de E.P.—27,283 Issued—Nov. 23, 1910 See German Patent 239,773 of 1910, French Patent 436,245, Swiss Patent 58,686. Snowden, F. & Seaton, & Young, D. A. E.P.—28,848 Issued—Dec. 12, 1910 Cellulose acetate is dissolved in a suitable solvent containing boric acid or a borate. Other fireproofing agents such as sodium tungstate, ammonium phosphate, etc., may be used in con- junction with the boric acid, etc. Ver. Glanzstoff-Fabriken E.P.—29,246 Issued—Dec. 16, 1910 See French Patent 423,774 of 1910. See Austrian Patent 54,512. See German Patent 249,535. Bacigalupi, A. E. E.P.—29,273 Issued—Dec. 16, 1910 An incombustible composition for printing plates. ‘157 Type Formula: Cellulose acetate ........... 50-70% eee Bo soe Sey be teeta deem 5-10% Dittmar, H. E.P.—2,064 Issued—Jan. 27, 1911 Material for balloon envelopes, and other purposes impregnated with a solution of celluloid, consisting, for example, of 100 parts of celluloid dis- solved in acetone, 5 parts of castor oil, 10 parts of amyl acetate, and 5 parts of collodion. Jerne, H. ' BP—2,145 Issued—Jan. 27, 1911 To render eggs impermeable, they are coated first with gelatin and then with a mixture of nitrocellulose ‘and camphor dissolved in amyl acetate, acetone, or methyl acetate, preferably the first. Wahl, A. E.P.—3,139 Issued—1911 Solutions of cellulose acetate are prepared with solvents composed wholly or in part of methyl formate. Rampichini, F, E.P.—4,253 Issued—Feb. 20, 1911 A waterproof adhesive, useful for uniting fibrous and porous materials, such as cloth and leather, is made by dissolving celluloid in an acetone solu- tion of gum lac. *See German 253,984. Koller, G. E.P.—4,744 Issued Feb. 25, 1911 Solutions and compositions are ob- tained by treating cellulose acetate or mixtures containing it, with mono or poly-hydric phenols and _ trichlorethy- lene or perchlorethylene, or both. See also French Pat. 440,133, Aust. Pat. 59,580. 158 Leduc, Heitz & Co. Eng. Pat.—6,798 Issued—Sept. 28, 1911 Fabrics for aeroplane wings, bal- loons, etc., are waterproofed by coat- ing them with solutions of cellulose esters of organic acids, such as cellu- lose acetate, formate, propionate, buty- rate, etc., e.g. cellulose acetate is dis- solved in acetone, or in acetone with B-naphthol or fB-naphtholester, or in acetone and denatured alcohol. See also French Pat. 429,788. Ver. Glanzstoff-Fabriken Eng. Pat.—8,313 Issued—April 3, 1911 A plastic mass is obtained by treat- ing cellulose formate with lactic acid. See also French Pat. 428,069. Hesse, F. E.P.—10,708 Issued—May 3, 1911 Fabrics are coated by applying cel- luloid or nitrocellulose in the powdered form and then softening by means of a thin solution of the same, or a solu- tion of shellac or resin in alcohol, acetone, acetic ether, etc. Doerflinger, W. F. E.P.—11,728 Issued—May 15, 1911 Cellulose-ester solutions are pro- duced by dissolving nitrocellulose or acetyl cellulose or both in diacetone alcohol with or without a diluent or another solvent. Solutions of resins and oils in diacetone alcohol may also be added to the solutions. See also U.'S.P. 1,003,438, French Pat- ent 429,754, D.R.P. 246,967. Lilienfeld, L. E.P.—14,142 Issued—June 14, 1911 Layers, masses or threads of cellu- lose or its derivatives (such as nitro or acetyl cellulose) are rendered pliant by the addition of poly-fatty acids, such as poly ricinoleic acid, with or without pigments, filling materials, binding agents or adhesives, or other softening agents. Suitable poly-fatty acids can A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER be obtained from the ammonia or alkali compounds of sulfonated fatty acids, such as Turkey red oil or the like. Dusseldorfer Celluloid Fabr. E.P.—15,945 Issued—July 10, 1911 Plastic products are produced from nitrocellulose, camphor, or camphor substitutes, fats or oils, by heating the fats and oils before mixing with the celluloid mass, with organic substances containing negative constituents, such as nitrotoluenes, chlorophenols, and the like. Hewett, P. C. E.P.—16,271 Issued—1911 A fluorescent film consisting of a fluorescent dye-stuff, preferably rhoda- mine, mixed with approximately 70% by weight of cellulose acetate, 10% of glycerine, and 20% of acetic acid. This mixture is dissolved in acetone to form an approximate 12% solution. See also French Pat. 432,483. Hartmann, C. E.P.—16,810 Issued—July 21, 1911 a See German Patent 244,566 of 1910. Eichengrun, A. E.P.—18,076 Issued—Feb. 28, 1910 Addition to E.P. 1,441 of 1910 See Addition of 3/19/10 to French Patent 412,797 of 1910. Dreyfus, H. E.P.—20,975 Issued—Sept. 22, 1911 See French Patent 432,264 of 1911. Dreyfus, H. E.P.—20,976 Issued—July 5, 1911 ‘Cellulose acetates and other car- boxylates are dissolved in a mixture of one or more of the following: tetra- chlorethane, pentachlorethane, dichlor- ethylene, trichlorethylene, with or without alcohols, acetone, or analogues BRITISH PATENTS thereof. Camphor substitutes, such as manol, may be added, as well as oils, coloring or filling materials. Leduc, Heitz Et Cie E.P.—21,426 Issued—Sept. 28, 1911 See French Patent 429,788 of 1911. Plinatus, W. E.P.—25,449 May 15, 1911 Gelatine or the like is mixed with neutral or acid esters of the poly- valent alcohols or their derivatives of the fatty acid series, such as the acetins, or with mixed esters or suit- able salts of such acid esters, with or without glycerine or the like. By the aid of such esters, solutions of gelatin- ous substances may be mixed with solutions of caoutchouc, cellulose de- rivatives, camphor, etc. Medveczky, S. Van Eng. Pat.—27,283 Issued—1911 See D.R.P. 239,773, Fr. Pat. 436,245, Swiss Pat. 58,686. McLaurin, R. A. E.P.—27,969 Issued—Dec. 13, 1911 A non-woven fibrous material is saturated with a solution of glue and glycerine in water, dried and calen- dered, then coated with nitrocellulose or celluloid and calendered. Lilienfeld, L. E.P.—1,378 Issued—1912 Viscose poor in alkali can be used either alone or in admixture with color- ing matter or pigments for coating wood, paper, ete. Optional Constituents:—Soot; coloring- earths; lakes; mica; dyestuffs of the indanthrene, algol, helindon series; glycerine; sugar; soap; turkey red oil; mercaptans, sulphides and_ polysul- phides of hydrocarbons and alcohols; ethers; mercaptols, esters, sulfuric or sulphonic acids; sulphoxides, sulphones, castor oil, caoutchouc, etc. 159 Pink, L. E.P.—3,612 Issued—1912 Corks are dipped in a solution of celluloid in amyl acetate, dried, and then treated with sulfuric acid in order to render the coating pergamentaceous. Badische Anilin and Soda Fabrik Eng. Pat—3,869 Issued—1912 Esters of cyclopentanol, cyclohex- anol, and of homologues of these com- pounds, with lower fatty acids are employed as solvents of nitrocellulose either alone or in combination or admixture with other substances such as camphor, alcohol, or castor oil. Suitable esters are cyclohexanol for- mate and acetate. Type Formula: o-Methylcylohexanol formate Cyclopentanol acetate 6-Methyleyclopentanol acetate See also USP. 1,045,895, D.R-P. 251,351, Swiss Pat. 59,164, Swiss Pat. 61,611. Badische Anilin und Soda Fabrik Eng. Pat.—7,292 Issued—March 25, 1912 See also French Patent 440,733. W ageshauser, C. - E.P.—10,222 Issued—April 30, 1912 Bottles are sealed by dipping them in a cold lacquer composed of a solu- tion of nitrocellulose in ethyl chloride and methyl] alcohol, which is free from acetone and water, with an admixture of alcohol, benzol (or benzine) and castor oil, bronzing powder, and color- ing matter. Danzer, H. E.P.—13,239 Issued—1912 Cellulose acetates and other esters are dissolved with the formation of plastic masses by glycerine and glycide ethers obtained by combining glycerine with alcohols, phenols, or compounds having a phenol group. Suitable ethers are: diphenyl glyceryl ether, phenyl- glycide, chlorinated diphenylglyceryl 160 ethers obtained from chlorinated sodium phenolates and alpha and beta- dichlorhydrin, and_ dicresylglyceryl ethers. See French Patent 443,031. Hunter, C. W. E.P.—17,155 Issued—July 23, 1912 A waterproof varnish is obtained by mixing collodion varnish with 5-20% of its weight of tung oil. Rosen, J. E.P.—17,953 Issued—Aug. 2, 1912 Artificial mother-of-pearl is made by superposing thin layers of materials which differ in chemical and physical properties. One of these layers may be obtained from a solution composed of nitrocellulose in alcohol and ether to which may be added an emulsion of amyl acetate and a solution of an alkaline silicate. Beatty, W. A. E.P.—18,822 Issued—Aug. 16, 1912 See French Patent 447,645 of 1912 McLennan, A. E.P.—21,081 Issued—Sept. 16, 1912 Leather is rendered waterproof and non-slipping by treating it with a mix- ture of rubber solution, celluloid solu- tion, and gum juniper and resin in ether and benzol, etc. Badische Anilin & Soda Fabrik E.P.—21,368 Issued—Sept. 19, 1912 Fully hydrogenized monocyclic ketones with five or six carbon atoms in the ring are used as solvents for nitrocellulose in the production of lacquers. Cyclopentanone, cyclohex- anone, and their homologues are given as examples. Benzene, ligroin, colours, dammar, copal, pine resin, and linseed oil may also be used. See US. Patent 1,166,790. German Patent 263,404. English Pat. 23,544—1912. Swiss Pat. 64,710 Aust. Pat. 64,393. French Pat. 459,006. A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER B.ak DuPont de Nemours Powder Co. Eng. Pat.—22,622 Issued—October 4, 1912 Aldols such as acetaldol are used for the production of nitrocellulose so- lutions and compositions. See also Swiss Patent 63,137. French Patent 449,606. D.R.P. 292,951. Aust. Pat. 72,493. E. I. Dupont de Nemours Powder Co. E.P.—22,623 Issued—October 4, 1912 See French Patent 449,606 of 1912. Swiss Patent 63,136. US.P.—1,082,573 D.R.P—292,951. Aust.P —72,493. Badische Anilin und Soda Fabrik E.P.—23,544 Issued—October 12, 1912 Solutions suitable for lacquering are obtained by dissolving nitrocellulose in a fully hydrogenized mono cyclic ketone containing five or six carbon atoms in the ring; benzine, petroleum spirit, or other hydrocarbon,. and lin- seed oil may be added. See US. Patent 1,166,790. German Pat. 263,404. English Pat. 21,368—1912. . French Pat. 459,006. Aust, Pat. 63,393. Swiss Pat. 64,710. Grote, L. E.P.—23,728 Issued—October 17, 1912 A specified cellulose acetate is mixed with glacial acetic acid, acetic an- hydride, acetone, carbon tetrachloride and chemically pure glycerine. Load- ing or filling material may be added. Type Formula: Cellulose acetate (as de- scribed) /“i4.2 ase ae 5 parts Glacial acetic acid......... 100 parts Acetic anhydride ......... 100 parts Acetone... . cos iaks ome sap iwate 50 parts Carbon tetrachloride ..... 50 parts Glycerin (¢.p.2) “sean 5 parts BRITISH PATENTS Peck, J. W. E.P.—23,777 Issued—October 17, 1912 Gauze is impregnated with a solu- tion of celluloid which has been ren- dered non-inflammable by the addi- tion of a _ solution of ammonium chloride, calcium chloride, or other me- tallic chloride in methyl alcohol. Lilienfeld, L. E.P.—28,210 , Issued—April 6, 1912 A phenol ester remaining liquid at 0°C. is used as a softening agent in cellulose ester compositions. Type Formula: el (5) 15) bee Mens RON an ea 60 parts POCUOIE ici Sei vecéess s 30 parts OOEUROUIOE 6 oso fy. seas c's 10 parts Ortho tricresyl phosphate... 10 parts Optional Constituents: Creosote phosphate Creosote carbonate Creosote oleate See French Patent 456,261 of 1912. See also U.S.P.—1,217,123. E. I. Dupont De Nemours Powder Co. Eng. Pat.—29,963 Issued—December 30, 1912 A mixture of halogen derivatives of -.more than one hydrocarbon of the paraffin series, such as a pentane and hexane mixture is halogenized, and the product then acetylated. The mixture of olefines, halogenolefines, and mono- and di-acetic esters is fractionated and used as solvents for nitrocellulose. Peck, J. W. E.P:—2,425 Issued—January 29, 1913 Cellulose acetate or other uninflam- mable cellulose ester or double ester is dissolved in or mixed with acetone, ete. Castor or other suitable oil or camphor, or celluloid solution contain- ing metallic or ammonium chloride, or any combination of these substances may be added to the cellulose ester solution. Duclaux, J. E.P.—2,465 Issued—January 30, 1913 See French Patent 439,721 of 1912. 161 Lilienfeld, L. E.P.—6,387 Issued—1913 Cellulose ethers are dissolved in suitable solvents, for example, alcohol, benzene or the like, or mixtures there- of. Tricresylphosphate, triphenylphos- phate, camphor, pigments, etc., may be added to the mixture. Rampichini, F. Eng. Pat.—7,086 Issued—1913 See U.S. Pat. 1,089,960. Eichengrun, A. Eng. Pat.—7,418 Issued—March 28, 1913 See French Patent 455,811. Shrager, C. & Lance, R. D. E.P.—8,283 Issued—1913 Products resembling celluloid are obtained by the addition of large quantities of metal resinates, particu- larly aluminium resinate, to viscose and nitrocellulose solution. Thomsen, P. F.; Luii, J. A.; Dam, W. J. van E.P.—8,880 Issued—Jan. 14, 1913 A composition for glazing paper tiles consists of celluloid, nitrocellu- lose, amyl acetate and acetone. Petroczy, S. von E.P.—12,804 Issued—1913 Dopes for aeroplane wings are made of cellulose esters of organic acids and rendered more supple by the addition of camphor or its substitutes and less. inflammable by the admixture of phos- phoric esters of phenol and acetic esters of glycerine. Optional Constituents: Triphenylphosphate Dipheny! phosphate Chemische Fabrik Griesheim Elektron E.P.—14,246 Issued—1913 Ethylidene ethers and esters are used as solvents for cellulose esters. 162 Triplex Safety Glass Co. Eng. Pat.—15,386 Issued—1913 Glass coated with gelatin is then treated with a solution of celluloid in acetic acid, acetic ether, and amyl formate or ethyl butyrate. Plinatus, W. E.P.—16,940 Issued—July 23, 1913 Solutions of cellulose esters and or- ganic acid esters are prepared with the aid of aliphatic or aromatic esters of polyhydric alcohols, such as the buty- rates, the acetins, the esters of benzoic acid and glycerine, and the esters of glycol, Substances such as camphor, waxes, resins, oils, caoutchouc, and tar products may be dissolved in the solutions. See French Patent 476,991. Akt.-Ges, Fur Anilin-Fabrikation E.P.—17,953 Issued—August 6, 1913 Solutions of cellulose nitrate are pre- pared by the addition of a large pro- portion of di- or trichlorethylene or a mixture thereof, to a concentrated solution of the nitrate in an organic | solvent, such as amyl acetate or ace- tone. See also Aust. Pat. 69,916. Beatty, W. A. E.P.—18,499 Issued—June 19, 1913 Cellulose nitrate or acetate is in- corporated with camphor and a con- densation product of a ketone and a phenol (eg. dihydroxydiphenyldi- methyl methane obtained from acetone and phenol), with or without the use of other solid solvents such as cam- phor substitutes. See also U.S.P.—1,158,960. Aust. Pat.—63,966. Akt.-Ges. Fur Anilin-Fabrikation E.P.—21,015 Issued—1913 In the production of coatings by applying solutions of acetyl- or nitro- acetyl-cellulose in tetrachlorethane, A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER amyl alcohol or a substance containing it, like fusel oil, is added to the solu- tion to increase the solvent power of the tetrachlorethane. Hausel, B. E.P.—23,957 Issued—October 22, 1913 A waterproofing composition (nitro- cellulose or celluloid) is used for book- binding fabrics. Chemische Werke Vorm. Dr. H. Byk E.P.—25,182 Issued—November 8, 1913 Lacquers are prepared from cellu- lose esters by employing as a solvent a lactic acid ester with or without aro- matic hydrocarbons or other diluents. When ethyl lactate is used, the fol- lowing substances are suggested as diluents: xylene, benzene, toluene, al- cohol, chloroform, and acetone. Finkler, A. E.P.—26,079 Issued—November 13, 1913 A composition for forming a water- proof covering on walls, plaster, etc., consisting of celluloid dissolved in ace- - tone or wood spirit, vegetable tar, and colophony dissolved in ether, and manganese borate. Riley, L. J. E.P.—28,490 Issued—December 10, 1913 A solution of cellulose acetate in acetone and acetylene tetrachloride is used for coating cigarette papers. Macdonald, D. B. E.P.—714 Issued—January 10, 1914 The composition given below is recommended for coating leather. Type Formula: Pyroxylin, castor oil, ethyl alcohol, light ketone, benzol, and amyl acetate. Optional Constituents: Acetone Acetone oils Benzine Wood naphtha Amy] alcohol tee ets BRITISH PATENTS 163 Optional Constitwents—Continued: Ethyl acetate Resins Terpenes Oil of camphor Glacial acetic acid Ethyl alcohol Methyl] alcohol Wax Canada balsam Helbronner, A. & Crequebeuf, G. E. E.P.—1,262 Issued—1914 Methyl acetate alone or mixed with methyl alcohol and acetone is em- ployed as a solvent for cellulose esters. Schroder, R. E.P—2,326 Issued—1914 A solution of various oils with the addition of camphor is applied to a kinematograph film to remove or pre- vent the formation of “rain-streaks.” Lilienfeld, L. E.P.—3,370 Issued—1914 Carbohydrate ethers, alone or mixed with colloids, binding, thickening, soft- ening, or plastic substances, oils, fats, balsams, waxes, paraffins, resins, cellu- lose derivatives, camphor, phenyl phosphates, camphor substitutes, etc., are employed in making plastic masses and celluloid substitutes. Girzik, E. E.P.—4,668 Issued—1914 In the preparation of artificial leather, a cotton fabric is coated with a solution of nitrocellulose in alcohol, acetone, etc., mixed with softening agents and aluminium hydroxide, dried, and dyed with basic dyes in an acid bath. Nathan, F, L.; Rintoul, W.; & Baker, F, Eng. Pat.—4,940_ _Issued—May 26, 1914. See also U.S.P.—1,338,691. French Pat. 470,041. Akt.-Ges, Fur Anilin Fabrikation E.P.—5,633 Issued—1914 The composition given below may be used for coating fabric, leather, ete. Type Formula: Acetyl cellulose ....... ... 100 parts EPIGORLUIN Cat see Poet ee 150 parts Cork sIpeaipey oar erase a phthalate, colours, amyl alcohol. Claessen, C. E.P.—6,893 Issued—March 18, 1914 Artificial mother-of-pearl is pro- duced by adding to a cellulose ester solution, luster producing material, such as fish-scale tincture. British Patent Surfrite Co., Meadway, E. G. E.P.—7,087 Issued—March 20, 1914 A metallic paint is made by dis- solving gum mastic in rubber solution and adding metallic powder, celluloid solution, and celluloid solvent. In the example given, naphtha and amyl ace- tate are the solvents specified. Eichengrun, A. E.P.—7,899 Issued—1914 Fabrics are rendered washable and fireproof by treating with solutions of fatty acid esters of cellulose containing fireproofing agents, such as tungstic, silicic, sulphurous, or boracic acid, or their salts, or the noninflammable chlorine derivatives of aniline. Finkler, A. E.P.—8,126 Issued—March 31, 1914 A dry mixture of powdered zinc- white, white lead, and aluminium is added to a solution of shellac so as to form a thin paste, which is made up to the proper consistency by a solu- tion of celluloid in acetone. Type Formula: * Celluloid solution ......... 700 gms. Almira a ee eee 30 gms. Shellac sol. (in spirit)...... 100 gms. White leaden a6 5 ee 130 gms. FANG AWHILE ee ee 40 gms. 164 Badische Anilin und Soda Fabrik E.P.—9,270 Issued—April 14, 1914 Products resembling celluloid are manufactured from cellulose derivative and acyl derivatives of a completely hydrogenized aromatic base, such as acetyldicyclohexylamine, or paratolu- ene-sulpho-dicyclohexylamine. See U. S. Patent 1,200,886. Type Formula: Nitrocellulose. oy ice Sete 82 parts Acetyldicyclohexylamine ... 35 parts Alcohol Matthews, F. E. & Elder, H. M. E.P.—11,635 Issued—May 11, 1914 The inflammability of celluloid is re- duced by mixing it with the product obtained by the reaction of sulphur dioxide on pseudo-butylene. Alpe, R. J. & Moore, F. E.P.—12,895 Issued—May 26, 1914 A lacquer for coating the steering wheels of automobiles, consisting of celluloid dissolved in amyl acetate and acetone mixed with rubber solu- tion in mineral naphtha. Hardcastte, J. H. & Taylor, A. H. E.P.—13,100 Issued—May 28, 1914 A varnish for coating fabrics, com- posed of cellulose acetate, acetone, al- cohol, benzene, trichlorethylene, and chloroform, with or without an addi- tion of resorcinol diacetate for giving greater flexibility. Badische Anilin und Soda Fabrik E.P.—14,042 Issued—June 10, 1914 Solutions suitable for lacquers are prepared by dissolving acetyl cellulose in a fully hydrogenized monocyclic ketone, particularly cyclohexanone or methyl cyclohexanone, with or with- out another solvent or diluent, such as alcohol, acetone, ethyl acetate, or ben- zene. See also D.R.P. 284,672. A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER Fabriques de Produits de Chimie Or- ganique de Laire E.P.—17,501 Issued—1914 Celluloid is stabilized by means of ureas of the general formula RR’N. CO.NR’R’, where R,R2= alkyl, R’,Rs = aryl; methylphenylethyl-o-tolyurea, ethylphenylmethyl-o-tolylurea, methyl- ethyldi-o-tolylurea, and _ diethyldi-o- tolylurea are specified. Baker B. D. E.P.—18268 Issued—August 7, 1914 Articles like wheel rims and door handles are coated with a lacquer-like solution of celluloid in a mixture of acetone and American turpentine by brushing or spraying and then im- mersing in a viscous solution of cellu- loid in acetone, amyl acetate, and American turpentine which has been allowed to stand until free from air bubbles. E. I. DuPont de Nemours Co. Eng. Pat.—24,033 Issued—December 14, 1914 See U.S. Pat. 1,118,498 Graves, S. E.P.—140 Issued—January 4, 1915 A coating-composition impervious to water, hydrocarbon oils, etc., consist- ing of a mixture of pyroxylin, dextrin, and alcohol and ether or wood alcohol. Type Formula: Pyroxylin’ = ses... 34 White dextrin -....2 7) eee 4 oz. Castor Oils. s28)ee 3 OZ. Canada turpentine .......... Sinz. Wood aleohol Nasiies eee eal. Optional Constituents:—Turpentine, cas- tor oil, olive oil, nitroglycerine, pig- ments, ethyl alcohol, ether. Compagnie Generale des Etablisse- ments Pathe Freres Phonographe et Cinematograph E.P.—2,067 Issued—1915 Isoprene or its homologues or analogues, in course of polymerization, BRITISH PATENTS 165 are added to cellulose esters for the manufacture of non-inflammable kine- matograph films, ete. Trivelli, A. P. H. E.P.—7,956 Issued—1915 Lacquers for renovating kinemato- graph films consist of solutions in hydrocarbons, alcohols, and _ esters (provided they are not celluloid sol- vents) of oils hardening when exposed to the air. Type Formula: Methyl alcohol Ethyl alcohol Pyroxylin Drying oil Salts of abietic acid Optional Constituents:—Benzol, methyl valerianate. Vandervell, C. A. E.P.—12,075 Issued—August 21, 1915 A cement for ebonite articles con- sisting of a solution of celluloid in amyl acetate or other solvent. Kent, F. W. & Middleton, I. E.P.—12,091 | Issued—August 21, 1915 A composition containing non- anhydrous acetic ether, alcohol, and pyroxylin is recommended for use on a waxed surface as a base for photo- graphic purposes. Water, glycerine, soap, mannite, etc., may be used to obtain porosity. St. Armande, A. V. E.P.—12,839 Issued—September 8, 1915 A layer of cellulose acetate, to which may be added a little B-naph- thol as a germacide, is inserted be- tween the inner and the outer sole of a boot or shoe. St. Armande, A. V. E.P.—12,840 Issued—September 8, 1915 A mixture of nitrocellulose, nitrated castor oil or other oil, and a germicide such as #-naphthol, is used for wa- terproofing the soles of footwear. Riley, W. J. E.P—15,428 : Issued—November 2, 1915 Cellulose acetate solutions are pre- pared by dissolving the cellulose ace- tate in a solvent, for example, acetone and then adding amyl acetate to the solution. Type Formula: Cellulose acetate .......... 8 parts PVALONE een tore te eke 40 parts WINVEOCEURLO . cece cis cc ees 42 parts Duratex Co.—Alexander, A. E. E.P.—102,114 Issued—May 22, 1916 A composition used in the manufac- ture of artificial leather consists of ni- trated cotton and a vegetable oil, pre- ferably rapeseed oil, dissolved in a suitable solvent. Ferrier, J. P. & Peters, T. J. E.P.—104,742 Issued—March 17, 1916 A lantern plate to which written or other matter may be transferred is made by coating a transparent support with a mixture of banana oil (amyl acetate with cellulose nitrate) and white shellac varnish. Duratex Co.—Alexander, A. E. E.P.—105,137 Issued—May 4, 1916 An impregnating and coating com- position consists of pyroxylin dis- solved in ether and alcohol, celluloid, canada balsam, castor oil, and rubber. Aniline dyes soluble in spirit or oil, preferably yellow or red dyes, and me- tallic pigments such as aluminium may be added. | Duratex Co.—Alexander, A. E. E.P.—106,336 Issued—May 22, 1916 A varnish composed of a solution of nitrated cotton and a vegetable oil, preferably rape-seed oil, used for coat- ing fabrics in the manufacture of arti- ficial leather. St. Armande, A. V. E.P—106,375 Issued—August 16, 1916 166 A waterproofing composition con- sisting of a solutidn of nitrocellulose, acetate of cellulose, cellulose formate, cellulose propionate, or celluloid. Resins, camphor, acetanilid, pigments, etc., may be added to the solution. Wheatley, R. E.P.—112,483 Issued—June 1, 1917 A solution of acetyl cellulose or nitrocellulose or both is mixed with a proportion of a suitable coloured substance which is soluble in the solu- tion and which will remain soluble in the dried dope; for example, “Oil amber” is added to a butyl acetate solution of nitrocellulose. Optional Constituents: —‘Oil amber” in benzol and methyl alcohol. Dreyfus, H. E.P.—114,304 Issued—March 22, 1917 In the manufacture of celluloid or films having a basis of cellulose ace- tate, the proportion of softening agents incorporated with the cellulose acetate is varied according to the relative vis- cosity of the latter. With a cellulose acetate having a relative viscosity 8-12, triacetin equivalent to 10-15% of the weight of the cellulose acetate may be incorporated, while with an acetate having a viscosity of 35-45 on the same scale, the proportion of triacetin may be increased to 40-50%. See U. S. Patent 1,325,931. Farbenfabriken Vorm, F. Bayer & Com- pany ° E.P.—115,855 Issued—April 20, 1917 Films formed of cellulose derivatives are jointed together or to paper, wood, cloth, etc., by covering the surfaces to be joined with ethers or esters of phenols or naphthols which are non- volatile solvents for the cellulose de- rivatives. B-Naphthol amyl ether, diethyl ester of resorcin dicarboxylic acid, and resorcin diacetate are men- tioned as suitable compounds. A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER Dreyfus, H. E.P.—118,891 Issued—September 14, 1917 Non-inflammable celluloid masses, particularly those having a basis of cellulose acetate, are subjected in the course of manufacture to pressures of 300 kg. per square inch and more, which is at least double the pressure usually employed. E. I. DuPont de Nemours & Co. E.P.—122,456 Issued—January 21, 1918 A lacquer, which may be used in the manufacture of artificial or patent leather, consists of pyroxylin dissolved in a mixture of alcohol, benzol, and a small proportion, for example 3-15% of an acetic acid ester boiling between 77 and 180° C., for example ethyl or amyl acetate. E. I. du Pont de Nemours Co, Eng. Pat.—122,679 Issued—1919 A pyroxylin composition composed of nitrocellulose, camphor, pigment, animal or vegetable oil,—preferably castor oil, or wax, and a solvent such as alcohol, benzol, ethyl acetate, ace- tone, or methyl acetone. Cellon, Ltd., Tyrer & Co., T., & Tucker, T E.P.—123,628 Issued—March 26, 1918 Dopes, varnishes, lacquers, etc., are formed by dissolving nitrocellulose in isobutyl] isobutyrate, alone or together with other solvents such as acetone, butyl acetate, or other acetic acid esters. Grolea, J. & Weyler, J. L. E.P—123,712 Issued—February 25, 1918 Varnishes, dopes, and plastic films having a basis of cellulose acetate con- tain as solvents or plastifying agents neutral esters of tartaric or citric acid with higher aliphatic alcohols such as normal or isobutyl or isoamyl] alcohol. BRITISH PATENTS E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co. E.P.—123,752 ; Issued—January 19, 1918 A dope used for coating aeroplane wings consists of nitrocellulose dis- solved in a mixture of butyl acetate, benzol, and ethyl acetate. British Emaillite Co. & Goldsmith, J. N. E.P.—124,515 Issued—February 25, 1916 Acetanilide, with or without triace- tin, is added to cellulose ester dopes for aeroplanes. Type Formula: Cellulose acetate Triphenyl phosphate Acetone Triacetin Acetanilide Optional Constituents:—Methyl acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, benzol. See also French Pat. 498,949. Tesse, T. F. E.P—124,763 Issued—January 3, 1916 A coating composition for aeroplane fabrics consists of a dilute solution cel- lulose acetate in acetone and methyl acetate containing a small proportion (2-5%) of a solvent of high boiling point and a similar small quantity of an inert material such as zinc oxide or organic coloring matter. The high boiling solvent may comprise bodies of the methyl propyl phenol series, such as carvol, eugenol, iso-eugenol, methyl eugenol, safrol, isosafrol, charibetol. Optional Constituents:—Triacetin gly- ceryl-benzoate, benzyl alcohol, aceto- acetic ether, pyridine. Zimmer, A. A. A. & Bryce, J. A. & Da- vies, G. L. E.P.—124,807 Issued—April 12, 1916 A composition consisting of about equal parts of cellulose acetate and cresylic acid is thinned with solvents, such as acetone, benzol, and alcohol, for use as a varnish for aeroplane wings, etc. 167 Tesse, T. F. E.P.—124,844 Issued—January 3, 1916 In a process for coating aeroplane, etc., fabrics a layer of cellulose acetate, etc., containing solvents of high boil- ing point is imprisoned between two layers free from or containing but small quantities of the solvents. See also 124,763. Soc. Nauton Freres et De Marsac & Tesse, T. F. E.P.—126,989 Issued—May 1, 1916 Ad. to 124,763. Esters of phthalic acids, such as the diethyl ester of isophthalic acid, or the ethyl ester of cinnamic acid, may be used as high boiling point solvents in aeroplane coating compositions. Aluminium, bronze, and copper pow- ders are used as inert materials. Huebner, J. E.P.—127,027 Issued—March 20, 1917 . Varnishes or dopes are prepared by dissolving cellulose acetate in a mix- ture of acetic or formic acid, methyl or ethyl alcohol and water. Optional Constituents:—Acetone, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, dyestuffs, mor- dant pigments, oils, fats, fireproofing substances, castor oil, sulphonated cas- tor oil. Dreyfus, C. E.P.—127,615 Issued—April 30, 1917 Cellulose acetate solutions or com- positions are mixed with lanolin. Camphor substitutes, triacetin, acetani- lid, benzyl alcohol, terpineol, solvents such as acetone, dyes, pigments, me- tallic powders, etc., may be added. Dreyfus, C. E.P.—127,678 Issued—May 24, 1917 Cellulose acetate solutions or com- positions are mixed with drying oils, such as boiled linseed oil. Optional Constituents:—Triacetin, ace- tanilid, acetnaphthalid, triphenyl phos- 168 phate, tricresyl phosphate, benzyl al- cohol, terpineol, turpentine, lanolin, castor oil, acetone, methyl acetate, methyl acetone, gold size, dyes, pig- ments, metallic powders. Dreyfus, H. E.P.—128,215 Issued—June 10, 1919 In making varnishes containing cel- lulose acetates, cyclohexanone and its homologues such as methyl or di- methyl cyclohexanone are used as sol- vents or camphor substitutes, either alone or with other solvents such as methyl or ethyl alcohol, acetone, methyl acetate, or mixtures of methyl acetate and methyl] alcohol. Optional Constituents:—Benzyl alcohol, chlorbenzyl alcohol, diphenyl carbinol, acetophenone, o- or p-methylacetophe- none, alkyloxy derivatives of aceto- phenone, or benzophenone, methoxy- phenone, ethoxyphenone. See French Patent 432,264 of 1911. Dreyfus, H. & Dryners, H. D. E.P.—128,274 Issued—August 3, 1916 A transparent fabric for use in the construction of aircraft amd for other purposes, comprises cellulose acetate reinforced with a metallic fabric. The cellulose acetate is applied in solution in tetrachlorethane or acetone. Groves, S. E. & Ward, T. W. H. 9 E.P.—128,659 Issued—August 28, 1917 A varnish for aeroplanes consisting of a solution of cellulose ester in ace- tone, etc., to which is added a hydro- scopic substance such as chloride of zinc, calcium, magnesium, or tin, or a mixture of these chlorides. The chlo- ride lowers the viscosity of the dope. Optional Constituents:—Alcohol, benzol. British Aeroplane Varnish Co. & Groves, S. E. E.P.—128,974 Issued—September 6, 1917 The fabric of aircraft planes is evenly tensioned by the application of a dope or varnish containing a wax or a mixture of waxes. A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER Type Formula: Celluloid Acetone Aleohol Benzol Beeswax ° Paraffin British Aeroplane Varnish Co. & Ward, J. G. E.P.—129,033 Issued—September 29, 1917 The viscosity of varnishes consisting of cellulose esters dissolved in organic solvents such as ketones or esters to which may be added diluents such as benzol, benzene homologues or alco- hol, or softening agents such as oils or gums, is preserved by the addition of small quantities of an organic polybasic acid such as tartaric or cit- ric, sufficient to neutralize the alka- linity. A salt of the acid may be used instead. See French Patent 499,703. Soc. Anon, Des Etablissements Hutchinson E.P.—129,630 Issued—July 6, 1918 A waterproofing composition com- prises a solution of cellulose acetate and caoutchouc in suitable common solvents, more especially in hydrocar- bons containing chlorine. Type Formula: Cellulose acetate .......... 60 parts Caoutehoue ...2.. 166. 20 parts Tetrachlorethane ........... 60 parts Optional Constituent s:—Softening agents, colored materials, organic or inorganic loading materials. Cellon, Ltd., Tyrer & Co., T., Chambers, P. H. & Feasey, G. T. E.P.—130,402 Issued—February 15, 1918 Cyclohexanone, cyclopentanone, or other cycloketones or alkyl or aryl sub- stitution derivatives are added in small proportions to cellulose acetate solutions for use as aeroplane dopes, etc. The proportion is less than the amount of cellulose acetate contained in the solution. See U.S.P. 1,339,728. BRITISH PATENTS MacDougall, J. & James, S. T. T. E.P.—130,896 Issued—January 29, 1919 In a process of colouring photo- graphs, etc., the prints are treated with a coating material preferably consist- ing of one part xylonite in solution, two parts mastic varnish, and two parts pale drying oil. Baker, T. Assigned to F. DuPont E.P.—130,962 Issued—August 8, 1918 Cellulose-nitrate solutions. A dope for coating aeroplane wings, identical with that described in Spec. 131,273. Sutherland, D. M.; & Wall Paper Manu- facturers, Ltd. E.P.—131,082 Issued—April 24, 1918 Varnishes containing cellulose esters are thinned with borated benzol, con- sisting of boracic acid and benzol, for the purpose of imparting fire-resisting qualities. Optional Constituents:—Benzyl alcohol. See also French Patent 499,868. Groves, S. E. & Ward, T. W. H. E.P.—131,093 Issued—April 29, 1918 Ad. to 128,659 Ammonium chloride is added to var- nish containing a hygroscopic chloride or a mixture of hygroscopic chlorides as described in Spec. 128,659. E. I. DuPont de Nemours & Co. E.P.—131,273 Issued—August 8, 1918 A dope for coating aeroplane wings consists of nitrocellulose dissolved in a mixture of butyl acetate, benzol, and ethyl acetate. Soc. Nauton Freres et de Marsac & Tesse, T. F. E.P.—131,369 Issued—January 23, 1918 A plastic coating containing a solu- tion of cellulose acetate in acetone or methyl acetate, a solvent such as benzyl alcohol or aceto-acetic ester, a 169 softening body such as triacetin, a sol- vent of high boiling point such as eugenol or isoeugenol, and moist col- ouring matters is used to diminish the visibility of aeroplanes. Cumbers, F. & British Cellulose & Chem. Manuf, Co. E.P—131,384 Issued—June 10, 1918 Fabrics of aeroplane wings are coated and rendered taunt with a dope or solution of cellulose acetate, pro- pionate, nitrate, or other derivative in solvents of high or low boiling point together with softening agents, etc. While the fabric is still wet a film or sheet of a cellulose derivative is ap- plied. Rintoul, W., Nolan, T. J. & Nobel’s Explosives Co. E.P.—131,389 Issued—June 14, 1918 The use of urethanes containing, at- tached to the nitrogen atom, two aro- matic groups, one of which is a benzyl or substituted benzyl group, as gela- tinizing agents in nitrocellulose ex- plosives. Type Formula: INTE FOCOLIIIOSE 240 ates tae oe 50 % Nurogivcerine 9.25 ie. eae oe 41 % Benzyl paratolylurethane..... 8.5% Diphenylurethane ............ 10% Ethylbetanaphthyl ether...... 5% Optional Constitwents:—Phenylbenzyl- urethane, benzyltoluolurethane. Barr, A. J. A. W. & Lazelle, H. E.P.—131,641 Issued—July 2, 1918 Metallic powder and mineral or in- organic pigments are added to dopes consisting of solutions of cellulose esters for coating aeroplane fabrics. Type Formula: Cellulose acetate dope..... 780 gals. eliowerochtelcdie! 4 5 iV ees 11 lbs. RULER IATING Shs ess oes 5 lbs. PANOTORIOOU Foe aka Saree 10 lbs Aluminum powder ........ 13 lbs Gilmour, R. & Dunville & Co., W. E.P.—131,647 Issued—July 4, 1918 170 Acetaldehyde, alone or mixed with other solvents or non-solvents, is em- ployed as a solvent for cellulose ace- tate. Type Formula: Cellulose acetate Ethyl acetate Benzene Optional Constituents:—Acetic acid, acetone, ethyl acetate, methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, benzene, amyl acetate, butyl acetate, isobutyl acetate. Dreyfus, H. E.P.—131,669 Issued—July 24, 1918 Acetyl acetone and ethylidene ace- tate are used as solvents for making dopes, ete. Optional Constituents:—Acetone, alco- hol-benzene, methyl acetate, benzyl] al- cohol, triacetin, triphenyl phosphate, methyl phthalate. Arosio, M. EP 131,901 2) Issued—August 28, 1919 Celluloid or acetyl cellulose solutions are used for coating sheets, plates or articles of wood, vulcanized fibre, parchment paper, parchment or other hygroscopic material. Arosio, M. E.P—131,916 Issued—August 28, 1919 Wooden articles are covered with vulcanized fiber which is then coated with a film of celluloid, acetyl cellu- lose, ete. Dreyfus, H. E.P.—132,283 Issued—April 29, 1918 See Also U.S.P. 1,353,384 and Brit- ish Patent 133,353. Cellulose-acetate compositions for use in making dopes, etc., contain as solvents or plastifying agents the liquid mixtures of isomeric xylene sul- phonamids. Optional Constituents:—Triphenyl phos- phate, tricresyl phosphate, mono-, di-, or tri- methyl urea, mono-, or di- ethyl urea, A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER Arent, A. E.P—132,813 Issued—September 20, 1918 Varnishes consist of a hydrolyzable compound of antimony or bismuth in a volatile, non-aqueous solvent, such as carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, carbon bisulphide, etc., and a varnish or a varnish base such as cellulose esters. Optional Constituents:—Antimony tri- chloride, antimony triiodide. Gilmour, R. & Dunville & Co. E.P.—132,996 Issued—December 17, 1918 Lacquers or varnishes are prepared by dissolving cellulose nitrate or cellu- loid in n-butyl or isobutyl formate to which may be added other solvents or diluents such as acetone, ethyl ace- tate or amyl acetate. Dreyfus, H. E.P.—133,353 Issued—April 29, 1918 See U.S.P. 1,353,384 and British Pat- ent 132,283 Cellulose acetate compositions for use in making dopes, etc., contain as ' solvents or plastifying agents o-toluene monoethyl sulphonamide. Optional Constituents:—Tricresyl phos- phate, triphenyl phosphate, aliphatic derivatives of urea. E, I. du Pont de Nemours Co. & Flaherty, E. M. E.P.—133,972 Issued—October 17, 1919 See U.S.P. 1,321,611. See also Can. Pat. 196,151. De Haln Chemische Fabrik List Ges E.P.—134,228 Issued—October 23, 1919 Porous membranes are prepared by evaporating the solvent from a film of a solution of cellulose ester in a plurality of solvents individually ca- pable of dissolving the ester and vola- tile at ordinary temperature, the evaporatoin being conducted in a moist atmosphere, the temperature and humidity of which is maintained substantially constant. BRITISH PATENTS 171 Type Formula: Glacial acetic acid Celloidine Acetone Optional Constituents:—Acetic — ether, chloroform, alcohols, ethers. Beck, A. & Nicholson & Sons, J. E.P.—134,899 Issued—November 9, 1918 A pigmented dope is formed by mix- ing a pigment, such as a mixture of yellow ochre, vegetable black, and prussian blue, with Chinese wood oil and a diluent such as benzol, and adding the mixture to cellulose ace- tate dope. Carlsson, O. & Thall, E. E.P.—136,141 Issued—December 6, 1918 The viscosity of solutions of nitro- cellulose or celluloid in the usual sol- vents is permanently reduced by heat- ing the solutions, while preventing the escape of the solvents, to a tempera- ture between 60° C. and the tempera- ture at which the solution becomes brown in color. See also U.S.P—1,375,208. French Pat.—505,438. Oliver, G. T. E.P.—136,433 Issued—March 31, 1919 A composition for spreading upon cloth is prepared by dissolving gum _ sandarac in castor oil and mixing the solution with celluloid dissolved in amyl acetate and methylated spirit. Optional Constituents:—Colours, ammo- nium phosphate, ammonium chloride. Titanine, Ltd., & Bowles, P. E. E.P.—136,927 Issued—January 7, 1919 A small addition of boric acid is made to cellulose ester varnishes, in order that they may retain their vis- cosity. If the varnish is acid, a borate may be added. See also 129,033. Jousset, A. & Laurent, P. E.P.—137,455 Issued—February 5, 1919 Ad. to 126,292 A flexible adhesive for coating the inside and outside of the neck of an ampoule is composed of collodion with 9% of castor oil. Bonwitt, G. E.P.—138,078 Issued—January 17, 1920 Furfural or a homologue or deriva- tive thereof is used as a solvent in the manufacture of varnishes from cellu- lose esters. The furfural may be used alone or in conjunction with other sol- vent or diluents. Optional Constitwents:—Alcohol, ben- zene, water. See also French Patent 519,536. D.R.P. Patent 331,285. Stevenson, W. J. End. Pat.—138,379 Issued—August 21, 1918 Non-inflammable films are made by mixing substantially equal amounts of triacetin and triphenyl phosphate with a solution of acetyl cellulose, said amounts being from 10-30% of the weight of acetyl cellulose. Arent, A. E.P —138,641 Issued—February 5, 1919 Cellulose-ester varnishes may be made to give fire-resisting coatings by the addition of a solution of a salt of an antimony-group metal, such as antimony trichloride. Vickers, Ltd., McKechnie, J. & Ryan, A. E.P.—142,615 Issued—March 25,1919 Fabrics having cellulose as princi- pal constituent, are converted par- tially or wholly into cellulose acetate. After treatment with a softening agent, such as triacetin or castor oil, and calendering, the fabric is doped and varnished. Ellis, F. E. E.P.—144,012 Issued—March 31, 1919 172 A composition for coating a fabric to form a printers blanket consists of nitrocellulose and a non-drying vege- table oil, preferably castor oil. Type Formula: Witrocellninse 34 Advis oes 35% Castor-als 3: bora pea 50% Colouring matter :: 40a oe 15% Badische Anilin & Soda Fabrik E.P.—145,511 Issued—June 22, 1920 Cellulose acetate soluble in acetone is dissolved in a fully hydrogenized mono-cyclic ketone such as_ cyclo- hexanone or methyl-cyclo-hexanone, to form solutions suitable for lacquering. Optional Constituwents:—Alcohol, ace- tone, ethyl acetate, benzene. Ges, f. Verwert. Chem. Produkte E.P.—145,546 Issued—June 29, 1920 Nitrocellulose solutions are applied to a fabric previously impregnated with a pliable medium, such as castor oil or a solution comprising softening agents. British Cellulose & Chemical Manufac- turing Co. E.P.—146,212 June 30, 1919 Varnishes consist of cellulose acetate and the aggregate of fatty acids ex- tracted from cocoanut oil. A volatile solvent such as chloroform, acetone, acetylene tetrachloride, or chloroform and alcohol, is added. Mond, A. L. E.P.—147,904 Issued—July 9, 1920 Finely divided cellulose acetate, with or without addition of pulverized min- eral fillers, softening agents, e.g. cam- phor substitutes, high boiling solvents, or fusible organic substances, e.g. resins, and preferably with addition, 2-5% of an inert, low boiling liquid, or inert volatile organic substances, e.g. naphthalene is molded into vari- ous forms, A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER Feldmann, H. E.P.—148,117 Issued—July 9, 1920 A solution of celluloid in amyl ace- tate or ethyl lactate to which benzol or spirit, and a filler such as whiting, clay, or gypsum has been added, is applicable as a filling or coating mate- rial for irregular surfaces preparatory to painting or lacquering. Lilienfeld, L. E.P.—149,319 Issued—August 1, 1919 Varnishes, lacquers and like coating- compositions are obtained by mixing alkyl or aralkyl ethers of cellulose, starch, dextrin, or other carbohydrates having the empirical formula (CeH0Os) or of their derivatives or conversion products, with Optional Constituents:—Benzene, ben- zene-alcohol, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, chloroform-alcohol, ace- tone, acetone-alcohol, camphor, phos- phoric esters of phenol, animal or vegetable oils, dyes, filling materials, pigments. Balke, P. & Leysieffer, G. E.P.—154,157 Issued—March 19, 1919 Cellulose derivatives are mixed with water and a larger quantity of a gela- tinizing medium such as ethylacetani- lid than is required for gelatinizing the cellulose ester, but not exceeding the quantity by weight of the ester. (The use of alcohol or like solvents is avoided.) Type Formula: Nitrocellulose ..7.scnanse 400 gms Water ..s cc pace 260 gms Barytes | ovis anaes eee 1200 gms. Kthylacetanilid ..........: 300 gms. Optional Constituents:—Trichlorethyl- acetanilid, triphenyl phosphate, acetic acid glycerine ester. Dreyfus, H. Eng. Pat.—154,334 Issued—August 26, 1919 Dialkylsulphonamids, or mixtures of these with the monoalkylsulphon- amids mentioned in Specifications A i a lh ee ee a Para a" BRITISH PATENTS 132,283 and 133,353 are used as high boiling solvents and plastic inducing agents in the manufacture of celluloid- hke masses from cellulose acetate. Optional Constituents:—Benzene mono- methylsulphonamid, benzene methyl- ethysulphonamid, mixtures of o- and p- toluene dimethyl or diethyl, or methylethylsulphonamids. o-Toluene dimethyl-or diethylsulphonamids, mix- tures of isomeric xylene dimethyl- or diethyl- or methylethylsulphonamids, triphenyl phosphate, tricresyl phos- phate, mono-, di-, or tri-methyl- or tri- ethyl urea, colouring matter. Claessen, C. E.P.—155,778 Issued—December 22, 1920 Waterproofing composition. Nitrocellulose is mixed with a non- volatile liquid gelatinizing agent which is not readily inflammable, such as substituted urea or its thio or halogen derivatives. A plastic mass is ob- tained. Type Formula: Nitrocellulose .......... 25-50 parts Gelatinizing substance .. 20-40 parts Optional Constituents:—Filling matter, colouring matter. Koln-Rottweit Akt-Ges E.P.—156,095 Issued—December 30, 1919 A composition suitable for floor coverings, etc., consists of nitrocellu- lose mixed with a gelatinizing agent preferably non-combustible, such as tricresyl phosphate or paratoluolsul- phoacid amyl ester, together with cel- lulose, colouring, and filling material. Type Formula: Nitrocellulose ........3... 350 parts ETE et alte Pave sss « 100 parts Phosphoric acid _ triortho eresy) €ster .:.......... 140 parts Secondary xylidin ........ 140 parts Pe fea eck eek s/n 00 300 parts Mineral colouring matter.. 100 parts OLY hs Reser. ga ea 50 parts Claessen, C. E.P.—156,096 Issued—December 22, 1920 Addition to E. P. 155,778 of 1920. 173 Nitrocellulose is dissolved in non- volatile liquid tricresylphosphates or thiophosphates, or in the halogen sub- stitution products of these. The solu- tion with addition of fillers and color- ing matter may be combined with fab- ric to form driving belts, floor cover- ings, etc. Type Formula: Mitrocellalases |. oc4..24.008 os 20-25% Tricresyl phosphate ........ 28-35 Yo Chalk or fossil earth..... 2. 15-20% Tenelish tied 2. ee, oe pecan. 2- 5% Ground sawdust cc... +...5e< 3.5-15% Leysieffer, G. E.P.—156,752 Issued—January 10, 1920 A cellulose ether is kneaded into a plastic mass with a volatile solvent, e.g. benzol, alcohol, acetone, ete. Thin sheets obtained from this are ground fine and moulded. Siemens-Schuckertwerke E.P.—157,119 Issued—January —, 1919 Ad. to 156,527 Cellulose ethers, alone or mixed with bitumen, are used in solution in the form of a lacquer for insulating pur- poses. The ethers may contain one radicle only or two or more radicles of the same kind or of different kinds. Chem. Fabr. von Heyden A. G. E.P.—157,126 Issued—January 8, 1921 A film is obtained from a mixture containing cellulose acetate, bronze powder and acetone. Type Formula: Cellulose acetate ........ 1 part Bronze powder .......... 5-15 parts AGGtONGE.o95) 2G oe ae 40 parts Soc. Nauton Freres et de Marsac Eng. Pat —158,521 Issued—July 4, 1918 See U. S. Pat. 1,426,521. French Pat. 495,000. Flaherty, E. M. E.P.—158,586 Issued—July 8, 1919 174 Pyroxylin is dissolved in a solvent consisting of normal butyl acetate, and a homologue of benzene such as toluol, xylol or solvent naphtha, to which butyl, ethyl, or other aliphatic alcohol may be added. Optional Constituents:—Oils, pigments, gums, resins. Dreyfus, H. E.P.—160,225 Issued—December 3, 1919 In the manufacture of plastic cellu- loid-like masses from cellulose ace- tate, the latter is mixed with a suit- able high boiling point solvent or plastifier and with a volatile liquid or diluent having no solvent action on the acetate and in sufficient quantity to inhibit the gelatinizing action of the plastifier. After kneading and in- corporation, the volatile liquid is al- lowed to evaporate, when the plasti- fier proceeds to act on the acetate. See Specifications 132,283, 133,353, 154,334. Optional Constituents:—Methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, benzene. Little, A. D. E.P—161,564 Issued—March 9, 1921 Cellulose butyrate is soluble in alcohol-benzene, acetylene tetra- chloride, acetone, ethyl acetate, car- bolic acid, hot alcohol, and benzene, alcohol-carbon tetrachloride, and hot solvent naphtha. It may be used in manufacture of plastics, transparent sheets and films, lacquers, dopes, arti- ficial leather, etc. E. I. Du Pont de Nemours & Co. E.P.—164,032 Issued—August 25, 1919 Pyroxylin films are formed by the evaporation of the solvent from a pyroxylin solution containing as sol- vent mixture ethyl acetate, a liquid aliphatic hydrocarbon, having a rela- tively low boiling point such as ben- zine, and an alcohol such as ethyl or methyl alcohol. See Spec. 164,033. A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER E. I. Du Pont de Nemours & Co. E.P.—164,033 Issued—August 25, 1919 Pyroxylin solutions which may also contain oils, pigments, gums, resins, etc., are prepared with a solvent mix- ture comprising ethyl acetate, a liquid aliphatic hydrocarbon of relatively low boiling point such as benzine, and an alcohol such as ethyl or methyl] alco- hol. Dreyfus, H. E.P.—164,374 Issued—September 1, 1919 Varnishes are prepared from alkyl ethers of cellulose obtained on treating cellulose or its near conversion prod- ucts not soluble in alkali with alkylat- ing agents in the presence of limited amounts of water and with concen- trated application of alkali. Dreyfus, H. E.P.—164,375 Issued—September 3, 1919 Varnishes are prepared from aralkyl ethers of cellulose, for instance benzyl cellulose. Dreyfus, H. E.P.—164,377 Issued—September 4, 1919 Varnishes are prepared from “mixed” alkyl and aralkyl ethers of cellulose obtained on treating cellu- lose or its near conversion products with appropriate alkylating and aral- kylating agents in the presence of re- stricted quantities of water and with concentrated application of alkali, Dreyfus, H. E.P.—164,384 Issued—December 3, 1919 Varnishes having as a basis the ali- phatiec cellulose ethers of Spec. 164,374 are prepared with the addition of alkylated sulphonamid derivatives of Spec. 132,283, 133,353, and 154,334, as plastic-inducing agents. Optional Constituents:—Triacetin, alco- hol, alcohol-benzol, triphenyl phos- phate, tricresyl phosphate, castor oil, aliphatic derivatives of urea, filling ma- terials. | j 1 { ' ‘ | BRITISH PATENTS Dreyfus, H. E.P.—164,385 Issued—December 3, 1919 Varnishes having as a basis the aralkyl or mixed alkyl and aralkyl cel- lulose ethers of Spec. 164,375-6, are pre- pared with the addition of the alky- lated sulphonamid derivatives of Spec. 132,283, 133,353, and 154,334 as plasti- cizers. Optional Constituents:—Triacetin ben- zol, alcohol-benzol, triphenyl phos- phate, tricresyl phosphate, castor oil, aliphatic derivatives of urea, colour- ing-matters, filling materials. Dreyfus, H. E.P.—164,386 Issued—December 3, 1919 Varnishes having as a basis ethyl or methyl cellulose or other cellulose ether but not including those employed in Spec. 30216 and 164,385, are pre- pared with the addition of the alky- lated sulphoyamid derivatives of Spec. 132,283, 133,353, and 154,334, as plas- tic inducing agents. Optional Constituents:—Triacetin, alco- hol-benzene, triphenyl phosphate, tri- cresyl phosphate, castor oil, aliphatic derivatives of urea, colouring matters, filling materials. E. I. Du Pont de Nemours & Co. E.P.—165,439 Issued—March 2, 1921 See U.S. P. 1,360,759 of 1920. Lilienfeld, L. E.P.—171,661 Issued—Aug. 16, 1920 Alkyl or aralkyl derivatives of the carbohydrates such as cellulose, starch, dextrin, etc., are mixed with coumarone resin, with or without the addition of volatile solvents such as_ benzene, chloroform, etc. Softening agents, such as animal and vegetable oils, phos- phorie esters of phenols, etc., may be added if desired. Hunt, S. B. Eng. Pat.—173,786 Issued—June 30, 1920 Solvents for pyroxylin, consisting of 175 mixtures of light saturated hydro- carbons with esters of lower fatty acids, are obtained by heating together the fatty acids, a catalyst such as sul- furic or a similar acid, and a mixture of olefines with saturated hydrocar- bons. Dreyfus, H. E.P.—174,660 Issued—Aug. 4, 1920 Cellulose ethers in a molten con- dition, e.g. at 170° C. with or without addition of small quantities, e.g. up to 10% of volatile solvents are used for manufacture of films, etc. Optional Constituents:—Fillers, coloring agents, plastifying agents. Sterlin-Ges. and Dulitz, A. A. Eng. Pat.—176,367 Issued—March 1, 1921 A lacquer used for sealing bottles, etc. Type Formula: Cellulose acetate ........... 10 parts PA RE EAN re ee og SU Mc's § 10 parts PEE LONE Me er eae et “es aaars 90 parts Brit. Cellulose & Chem. Manuf, Co., Ltd. E.P.—177,268 Issued—Jan. 4, 1921 Artificial films or filaments are pre- pared from cellulose acetate solutions, specially those in acetone, by coagu- lating the formed film, etc., in a bath containing a thiocyanate. The film, etc., thus obtain improved qualities (toughness, etc.). Plasticizers, such as benzyl alcohol and other substances may be added. Phillips, A. W. E.P.—177,536 Issued—March 23, 1922 By heating cellulose’ esters or products containing them, specially nitrocellulose, or their doughs or solu- tions, smokeless powder, celluloids, nitrocellulose films, etc., their vis- cosity is reduced and the solutions may be used as lacquers or “sprays.” Sol- vents such as_ acetone-alcohol, or camphor-alcohol may be used. 176 Dreyfus, H. H.P.—179,208 Issued—November 4, 1920 For moulding, use is made of a com- position of cellulose acetate, a plasti- cizing agent which is not saponified by water, fillers, coloring agents, sub- stances capable of neutralizing traces of acids, e.g., urea, methyl urea, ete. Suitable plastifying agents are xylene- alkyl-sulphonamides, in mixture, if de- sired, with triphenyl or tricresyl phos- phate. Brit. Cellulose & Chem. Manuf. Co., Ltd. E.P—179,234 Issued—January 4, 1921 The strength of films, etc., prepared from cellulose acetate solutions is in- creased by adding to the aqueous co- agulating bath solvents or latent sol- vents for the acetate, which are soluble in or miscible with water, such as ace- tone, diacetone alcohol, alcohol, formic acid, acetic acid, zine chloride. Duratex Co. E.P.—180,705 Issued—November 24, 1920 Imitation leather is made by im- bedding the nap of a pile fabric in a coating of flexible material such as pyroxylin or other cellulose ester mixed with a vegetable oil such as blown castor oil, or a coating of a rubber compound. The coating liquid may consist of a pyroxylin solvent and a semi-drying vegetable oil. Optional Constituents :—Pigments. Lilienfeld, L. E.P.—181,392 Issued—June 12, 1922 Cellulose ethers that are soluble in water, or that swell in cold water, are converted into products insoluble in water, or in which the property ‘of swell- ing is substantially reduced, by treat- ment with a reagent that precipitates albumin. Suitable solvents for the wa- ter-insoluble products are acetic acid, benzene-aleohol, chloroform, chloro- form-alcohol, etc. A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER Lilienfeld, L. E.P.—181,393 Issued—June 12, 1922 Alkyl cellulose ethers by reason of their property of swelling or dissolv- ing in cold water, may be used for the manufacture of articles that have to be incorporated with substances soluble in water. Lilienfeld, L. E.P.—181,395 Issued—June 12, 1922 A range of organic solvents (not enumerated in the abstract) is given for alkyl cellulose ethers. Nitrogen Corp. E.P.—182,488 Issued—July 2, 1922 Liquid anhydrous ammonia is used as a solvent for cellulose esters, such as the nitrate or acetate. Little, A. D. E.P.—182,820 Issued—March 9, 1921 Cellulose butyrate is soluble in al- cohol-benzene, tetrachlor ethane, di- methyl ether, ethyl acetate, phenol, hot alcohol and benzene, alcohol- carbon tetra-chloride, and hot solvent naphtha. It may be used in the manu- facture of plastics, ete. Gruner and Reinhardt Ges. Eng. Pat.—184,173 Issued—August 2, 1921 A varnish for rendering tracing cloth resistant to water consists of collodion, a thinner, amyl acetate and gum. The thinner consists of a mixture of alcohol and ether. Duclaux, J. E.P.—184,197 Issued—January 1, 1921 To a solution of a cellulose ester there is added in a relatively volatile organic solvent a small quantity of a non-volatile organic solvent soluble in water, and after formation of film, etc., by the evaporation of the volatile sol- vent, the non-volatile solvent is ex- tracted by washing with. water. BRITISH PATENTS Optional Constituents:—Non-volatile solvents, formamid, chloral, acetamid, chloral hydrate, volatile solvents, methyl formate or acetate, ethyl for- mate or acetate, butyl formate or ace- tate, amyl formate or acetate together with methanol or ethanol. See also French Patent 530,440. Ott, A. F. M. E.P.—184,495 Issued—May 10, 1921 Kinematograph film surfaces are coated with a mixture of collodion, ether, methylated spirit, and formic acid, and then dried. Formic acid may be replaced by glacial acetic acid or ethyl acetate. This treatment in- creases the life and pliability of the film, Dreyfus, H. E.P.—184,671 Issued—July 20, 1921 Cyclobutanone, either alone or mixed with other solvents, such as methyl or ethyl alcohol, acetone, methyl acetate, etc., is used as solvent for cellulose acetates. Type Formula: Cellulose acetate Cyclobutanone 1000 parts Optional Constituents:—Methy]l acetate, acetone, alcohol. Disbury, A. J. Eng. Pat.—187,847 Issued—Oct. 31, 1921 A varnish for leather made by mix- ing the following: (1) gum arabic and gum copal dissolved in methyl alcohol. (2) Collodion dissolved in methylated spirits and ethyl acetone. (3) Castor oil and linseed oil. Nitrogen Corp. E.P.—189,416 Issued—July 1, 1922 Liquid sulphur dioxide is used as a solvent for cellulose esters, such as the nitrate or acetate. See also D.R.P—402,753. Edwards, F. G. Eng. Pat.—189,942 Issued—October 20, 1921 177 A varnish for use in the manufacture of patent leather, consists of a mixture of cellulose acetate, acetone, tetra- chlorethane, methyl alcohol, triacetin, linseed oil, benzol and coloring matter. Brit. Cellulose and Chem. Manufactur- ing Co., Ltd. E.P.—190,269 Issued—September 27, 1921 Plastic compositions consisting of cellulose acetate impregnated with a small amount of glycerol. Nitrogen Corp. Eng. Pat.—190,694 Issued—July 1, 1922 See also U.S. Patent—1,439,293. French Pat.—853,547. Columbia Graphophone Co. E.P.—192,107 Issued—August 24, 1921 Acaroid resins are used with a cel- lulose ester base and a non-volatile gelatiniser in production of plastics. (For gramophone records.) Type Formula: Nitrocellulose (low N:-content) 11% Horm=o-toluidid? ek coe eee 14% AMearoid resine oat eee eee oy te 14% Barium suliates: 1.5 cece ee 49% Teamp-biscks tanec eee eee cre 417% Optional Constituents:—Toluene _ sul- phoanilid, carbon black. Woodbridge, R. G. Filed—March 18, 1922 Eng. Pat.—194,727 Issued—V oid The viscosity of nitrocellulose solu- tions is reduced by heating the nitro- cellulose in a non-solvent liquid to a temperature below 150° C. Suitable non-solvent liquids are: ethyl, propyl and butyl alcohols, toluene, benzene, and xylene, or a mixture of these. Brit. Cellulose & Chem. Manufacturing Co., Ltd. E.P—195,849 Issued—March 8, 1922 Cellulose acetate is dissolved in 1.1.1-trichloro-2-methyl propanol. Cas- tor oil, triphenyl phosphate, filling and coloring materials may be present. 178 Type Formula: Cellulose acetate .....-... 100 parts Trichloro-tert. butyl alco- BOE eer eet ceca eee s 10 parts Acetone ose en ee eee cee 900 parts Optional Constituents:—Methyl] acetate. Twyman, F., Green, A., & Hilger, A. E.P.—196,876 Issued—December 22, 1922 Films suitable for optical purposes are made of celluloid and amyl ace- tate. Danowich, O. E.P.—200,186 Issued—April 5, 1922 Solutions obtained in the acetyla- tion of cellulose, suitable for making films are rendered stable against vis- cosity changes by addition of an aque- ous solution of formaldehyde or other aldehyde or of tetrachlorethane. Macwalter, T. Assigned to Brifco Ltd. Eng. Pat.—201,421 Issued—August 12, 1922 A varnish composed of cellulose nitrate, ether methylated spirit, with or — without castor oil. Edbrook, F. G. E.P.—202,154 Issued—October 28, 1922 A lacquer for shoe heel, etc., con- sisting of cellulose acetate, acetone, benzene, benzyl alcohol, industrial spirit and either dichlorhydrin, di- chlorethylene or triacetin. Type Formula: Acétane:*.. ian deteetas 1152 parts Cellulose acetate ........ 12 parts Bengend =. 5 .iisc be aoe 14 parts Benzyl alcohol ....i%.05. 3 parts Industrial : spirit) .% 7g 7 parts i racetin sft eee oe 10 parts Optional Constituents:—Filler: litho- pone. Valentine, A. J. & Simpson, E. W. E.P.—202,835 Issued—February 25, 1922 A coating is produced on paper, etc., by floating on the surface of water a A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER solution of nitrocellulose or acetyl cellulose in an alkyl ester of a fatty acid, with or without addition of gums, resins, acetone or alcohol, evaporating the solvent and applying the film to the paper, etc. Gough, S. A. Eng. Pat.—203,449 Issued—June 30, 1922 A finger-nail enamel is made by dissolving celluloid in amyl acetate and methylated ether or glacial acetic acid and adding cochineal to tint the solution. Titanine, Ltd, Ward, T. W. H. & Fletcher, J. E.P.—203,847 Issued—July 22, 1922 Dopes, varnishes, or paints consist- ing of solutions of cellulose esters may be rendered less inflammable by the addition of substances insoluble in the dope. About 5% of ammonium phos- phate or double ammonium phos- phates, such as ammonium magnesium phosphate are recommended. Dreyfus, H. E.P.—205,195 Issued—July 13, 1922 Chloretone or tertiary trichlor butyl alcohol may be used, alone or with other volatile or non-volatile solvents as plasticizer in the manufacture of plastics, etc., from methyl, ethyl, benzyl, or other ethers of cellulose. Type Formula: Ethyl cellulose Chloretone 30 parts Optional Constituents:—Fillers, Soften- ing agents, coloring agents, benzyl] cel- lulose, acetone. See also French Patent 562,056. eooeeersreseeoevre* eee Svensson, O. E.P—205,446 Issued—April 28, 1923 Glues suitable for use with leather, rubber, wood, porcelain, etc. are made by adding a substance contain- ing nitrocellulose, e.g., celluloid, to a concentrated solution of gum-ammonia in a solvent such as acetone, wood BRITISH PATENTS spirit or a mixture of alcohol and ether. Optional Constituents:—Filling material coloring material. ? De’Sperati, M. E.P.—205,828 Issued—October 22, 1923 A mat surface is produced on the back of a film by application of a layer having a fine grain, e.g., a water- proof varnish consisting of a mixture of two solutions, one containing cellu- loid, amyl acetate and acetone, and the other containing sandarac, dammar gum, ether and benzene. Whittelsey, T. Filed—November 6, 1922 Eng. Pat—206,520 A process of preparing emulsions of colloids such as cellulose nitrates, by mixing the colloids with solvents there- for and with non-solvents immiscible with the solvents, with or without emulsifying agents such as sodium oleate, gelatin, etc. Leysieffer, G. E.P.—206,770 Issued—February 22, 1923 Plastic compositions containing cel- lulose derivatives, such as cellulose esters or ethers, are rendered non- infammable by addition of calcium sulfate and a phosphoric ester such as triphenyl phosphate. See also French Patent—562,667. Exceloid Co., Ltd. & Baker, B. D. E.P.—209,633 Issued—March 8, 1923 Articles are first coated with shellac varnish or resin in solution, then with one or more coats of a heavy nitro- cellulose solution, and are finally im- mersed in a solution of cellulose ace- tate, in acetone and benzy] alcohol, or other solution of non-inflammable cel- lulose derivative. Young, J. H. Assigned to H. H. Robertson Co. Eng. Pat.—209,727 Filed—January 11, 1923 179 Metal sheets or asphalt-coated build- ing material may be coated with a film composed of a cellulose derivative which has been dissolved in acetone, amyl acetate, or ethyl and methyl] ace- tates or ketones, to which is added a diluent such as ethyl or methyl alcohol. Optional Constituents:—Castor oil, tri- phenyl phosphate, chlorinated naph- thalene. Lichtenthol, E. L. E.P.—211,892 Issued—February 23, 1923 Celluloid is softened by immersion in a solvent, e.g., a mixture of ace- tone, methylacetone, benzene, and amyl acetate and are then used for ornamental coatings. See also D.R.P.—397,919. Georz Photochemische Werke Ges. Eng. Pat.—212,225 Issued—March 3, 1923 Scratches on motion picture films are covered by applying a varnish composed of a nitrocellulose solution containing calcium chloride or other soluble salt. Dreyfus, C. E.P.—222,168 Issued—May 18, 1923 The addition of acaroid resin to so- lution of cellulose acetate or other esters confers valuable waterproofing and tautening effects on the varnish. Type Formula: Cellulose acetate .... 100 parts Acaroid resin ....... 100— 200 parts ACPLONG gs cle avon ess 250-1500 parts Optional Constituents :—High-boiling solvents, plasticizers, stabilizers, etc. Bregeat, J. H. Filed—December 15, 1923 Eng. Pat.—226,142 Tssued—February 4, 1925 Solutions and plastic masses having a basis of cellulose esters, particularly of nitrocellulose and acetyl cellulose or of cellulose ethers, are prepared while employing absolute alcohol as the solvent or gelatinizing agent. 180 Lindsay, W. G. Filed—May 5, 1924 Eng. Pat.—230,663 Issued—May 6, 1925 See U.S.P.—1,493,209. French Patent—580,882. Pfiffner, E. Filed—March 24, 1924 Eng. Pat.—231,161 Issued—March 16, 1925 The oily liquids obtained as resi- dues in the distillation of crude wood alcohol are used as solvents for nitro- cellulose, cellulose acetate or other cel- lulose esters or ethers, in the prepara- tion of lacquers. Optionai Constituents:—Methy] alcohol, ethyl alcohol or tetrachlorethane. Lindsay, W. G. E.P.—233,874 Issued—May 5, 1924 Non-inflammable compositions are obtained by incorporation in a cellu- lose ester, ether, or other derivative, an aromatic phosphoric ester and one or more of the following substances: aluminum phosphate, hydrated alum- inium fluoride, calcium citrate, and magnesium dihydrogen ortho-antimo- nate. The usual volatile solvents, such as alcohols, ether, acetone, or amyl acetate may be used in the process. See also French Patent 580,883. Atlas Powder Co., Shipley, S. D. & Given, G. C. E.P.—236,190 Issued—August 19, 1925 Ethyl glycol (OH: CH..CH.0C.H;) with or without a non-solvent diluent such as a benzene or petroleum hydro- carbon or an acyclic alcohol or a mix- ture of such diluents is recommended as a nitrocellulose solvent for the manufacture of varnishes. Optional Constituents:—Benzene, tolu- ene, xylene, gasolene, ethyl alcohol, propyl alcohol, butyl alcohol, amyl alcohol, resins, oils, camphor, tricresyl phosphate, pigments, castor oil, zinc oxide. A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER Pathe Cinema Anciens, Etablissements Pathe Freres Filed—July 22, 1925 Eng. Pat.—237,900 Issued—Sept. 23, 1925 Triphenyl or tricresyl phosphate is used as a plasticizing and fireproofing agent in the preparation of cellulose acetate plastics. The tricresyl phos- phate may be replaced by glycerine ethers, such as the dicresyline ether of glycerine, or certain chlorinated deriva- tives such as dichlorhydrins. Carbide & Carbon Chemicals Corp. Filed—April 3, 1925 Eng. Pat.—238,485 Issued—October 7, 1925 Solutions of cellulose esters are pre- pared with the aid of an alkyl ether of ethylene glycol, particularly the mono- and di-methyl, ethyl and propyl ethers, mono-allyl ether and diisobutyl- ether. Optional Constituents:—Ethylene di- chloride, glycol monoacetate, glycol diacetate, acetylene tetrachloride, di- acetone alcohol, benzene, acetone, methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, naphtha. Garke, R. Meyer, E. Classen, W. Filed—October 22, 1924 Eng. Pat.—241,858 Issued—December 16, 1925 Esters of tetrahydronaphthol are em- ployed as non-volatile solvents to- gether with volatile solvents in the preparation of varnishes, etc., from cellulose esters and cellulose ethers. Eichengrun, A. Filed—November 17, 1925 Eng. Pat.—243,030 Issued—January 13, 1926 Methylene chloride, alone or prefer- ably mixed with solvents or non-sol- vents, is used as a solvent for cellulose esters, such as the acetate. Specified additions to the methylene chloride comprise: acetone, formic and acetic esters, benzine, triacetin, methyl alco- hol and its homologs. Optional Constituents:—Benzene, kauri gum, copal gum. BRITISH PATENTS 181 Eichengrun, A. Filed—November 17, 1925 Eng. Pat.—243,031 Issued—January 13, 1926 Coating compositions are obtained by dissolving acetone-soluble cellulose acetate or a mixture of the latter with chloroform-soluble cellulose acetate in a solvent comprising methylene chlo- ride together with methyl alcohol or its homologs, or a solvent, or mixture of a solvent and a non-solvent for cellulose acetate or a mixture of two non-solvents which together form a solvent for cellulose acetate. See E.P. 243,030, preceding. Eichengrun, A. Filed—November 17, 1925 Eng. Pat.—243,350 Issued—January 20, 1926 Relates to the use of methylene chloride together with other solvents or non-solvents for the purpose of dis- solving and reducing the inflammabil- ity of cellulose acetate solutions. Optional Constituents:—Methy] alcohol and its homologs, acetone, ethyl for- mate, ethyl acetate and alcohol; ethyl acetate, alcohol and benzene. Taylor, C. M. Filed—May 16, 1925 Eng. Pat.—243,614 Issued—January 20, 1926 Fabrics may be first impregnated with asphalt, bitumen, or the like, then coated with paint and finally with an outer coating of a solution of acetyl or nitrocellulose. Optional Constituents:—Butyl alcohol, butyl acetate, anhydrous ethyl] alcohol, castor oil, tricresylphosphate, diethyl phthalate, and dibutyl phthalate. Farbenfabriken vorm F, Bayer & Company Filed—November 23, 1925 Eng. Pat.—243,722 Issued—January 27, 1926 Solutions of cellulose acetate in chlorhydrins, such as ethylene chlor- hydrin or monochlorhydrin, alone or with water or with other solvents of cellulose acetate, such as acetone, are stabilized by the addition of a small quantity of organic bases. Optional Constituents:—Urea and urea derivatives, aliphatic amino acids or their esters or derivatives, aniline, pyridine, quinoline and their homo- logues, glycocoll, quinaldine, pigments, and plasticizers. White, A. E. Filed—September 30, 1924 Eng. Pat.—244,543 Cellulose ether is dissolved in ethyl acetate, and to the solution is added a mixture of chlorinated naphthalene, japan wax, and castor oil. Canada British Syndicate, Ltd. Filed—September 19, 1925 Eng. Pat.—244,819 Issued—February 17, 1926 Relates to a method for preparing pigments especially suitable for use in cellulose ester varnishes. . G. Farbenindustrie, A. G. Filed—December 21, 1925 Eng. Pat.—245,129 Issued—February 17, 1926 Solutions of cellulose esters may be obtained with the aid of a monoalky] ether of a glycol such as ethylene glycol, or its higher homologues such as propylene or butylene glycol. . G. Farbenindustrie A. G. Filed—January 2, 1925 Eng. Pat.—245,469 Issued—February 24, 1926 Normal dibutyl phthalate is used as the solvent or gelatinizing agent in the preparation of varnishes, etc., from nitrocellulose and other cellulose deriv- atives. | Plinatus, W. Filed—December 4, 1924 Eng. Pat.—246, 272 Issued—March 17, 1926 Cellulose esters such as cellulose ni- trate and acetate and like cellulose compounds are dissolved and gelatin- ized without the use of volatile sol- vents by treating them with mono-, di-, or tri-butyrin diluted with a consider- able quantity of water. 182 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER Farbwerke Vorm Meister, Lucius & Bruning Eng. Pat.—250, 894 Issued—June 23, 1926 Filed—January 22, 1925 Eng. Pat.—246,447 Issued—March 24, 1926 A varnish-lake obtained by inti- mately mixing pigment dyes or lake colors in a dry state with a resin or a fatty acid, and then finally subdividing this mixture together with an animal, vegetable or mineral oil or other sof- tening agent, may be dissolved in a cellulose ester or ether varnish. . G. Farbenindustrie A. G. Filed—February 9, 1925 Eng. Pat.—247,174 Issued—April 8, 1926 Nitrocellulose having a maximum nitrogen content of 11% is gelatinized with pure phenol esters of phosphoric acid, the presence of free phenols being particularly avoided. Badische Anilin & Soda Fabrik Filed—November 12, 1924 Eng. Pat.—247,288 Issued—April 8, 1926 Plastic compositions or solutions of cellulose derivatives are colored by means of inorganic or insoluble or- ganic coloring agents, such as azo, or vat colors, or color lakes, in a colloidal or nearly colloidal state. The plastic masses so obtained may be dissolved in solvents such as amyl, or butyl ace- tate, or a mixture of amyl acetate, methyl cyclohexanone and acetone. Farwerke Vorm Meister, Lucius & Bruning Filed—February 16, 1925 Assigned to I. G. Farbenindustrie, A. G. Eng. Pat.—247,611 Issued—April 14, 1926 Di-isobutyl phthalate is used as the solvent or gelatinizing agent for nitro- cellulose and other cellulose deriva- tives in the preparation of lacquers, i fa See Eng. Pat. 245,469. Shipley, S. D. Filed—April 18, 1925 Assigned to Atlas Powder Co. See U. S. Patent 1,618,481; see also Eng. Patent 236,190. . G. Farbenindustrie A. G. Filed—May 20, 1925 Eng. Pat.—252,328 Issued—July 21, 1926 A di-amyl phthalate is used as the solvent or gelatinizing agent of cellu- lose ether or other cellulose derivatives excluding nitrocellulose. See also English Patent 245,469. Phillips, R. A. Thurlow, H. A. Filed April 9, 1925 Eng. Pat—254,041 Issued—Aug. 25, 1926 Varnishes are made by mixing a ni- trocellulose—preferably one containing about 12% of nitrogen—with a small proportion of a cyclic ketone or an ester of a cyclic alcohol to form a vis- cous solution, and diluting this with a suitable thinning agent, such as benzol, xylol or white spirit. Optional Constituents:—Cyclohexanone, cyclopentanone, or homologues thereof, esters such as the formate or acetate of cyclohexanol, or cyclopentanol or a homologue thereof; gum elemi, gum copal, castor oil, camphor, butyl tar- trate, pigments. Davidson, J. G. Filed—October 21, 1925 Assigned to Carbide and Carbon Chemicals Co. Eng. Pat.—255,406 Issued—September 15, 1926 See United States Patent 1,644,418. Paisseau, J. Filed—July 23, 1925 Eng. Pat.—255,803 Issued—September 22, 1926 Before applying a cellulose varnish, it is recommended that the surface of leather be modified by the action of an acid so that the cellulose varnish will adhere. If desired, the acid— formic, acetic, lactic, tartaric, or oxalic —may be included in the cellulose var- nish. BRITISH PATENTS 183 Takemura, K. Filed—August 12, 1926 Eng. Pat.—256,214 Issued—April 13, 1927 An anti-corrosive and insulating lac- quer is prepared by dissolving nitro- cellulose in amyl acetate, ether and acetone, adding alcohol or benzol, and mixing dibutyl tartrate, yellow potas- slum prussiate, and pulverized bamboo with the resultant solution. . G. Farbenindustrie A. G. Filed—August 1, 1925 Eng. Pat.—256,229 Issued—September 29, 1926 Solutions of cellulose esters and ethers may be obtained by the aid of di-ether of ethylene glycol, alone or with other solvents. Optional Constituents:—Glycol di-methyl ether, glycolemono-ethyl, mono-propyl ether, glycol mono-ethyl mono-para- tolyl ether, methylene glycol diphenyl] ether, glycol di-ethyl, dipropyl and dibutyl ethers, glycol mono-ethyl mono-phenyl ether, mono-alkyl ethers of glycols, acetate of glycol mono- methyl ether, ethyl alcohol, butyl alcohol, benzol, toluol, xylol, mono- chlorbenzol, glycerol triethyl ether, acetone, manila, copal, elemi resin, nigrosine, formaldehyde-urea condensa- tion product, diethyl phthalate. . G. Farbenindustrie A. G. Filed—August 21, 1925 Eng. Pat.—257,258 Issued—October 20, 1926 Halogen-alkyl esters of mono- and poly-basic carboxylic acids, including carbonic acid, or their substitution products, having a boiling point above 150° C. are employed as solvents for organic materials such as cellulose de- rivatives. Esters boiling above 225° C. may be used as plasticizers. Optional Constitwents:—Dichlorethyl es- ter of carbonic acid, propionic acid chlorethyl ester, phthalic acid dichlor- ethyl ester, and the corresponding chlor- and brom-propy! esters. Soc. Anon. Les Perfums De Rosine Filed—August 31, 1925 Eng. Pat.—257,626 Issued—October 27, 1926 A finger-nail lacquer consisting of a mixture of amyl acetate, acetone, cel- luloid, and “Essence of Orient” de- rived from fish shells or scales. Amen, N. C. Filed—July 9, 1925 Eng. Pat.—258,698 Issued—November 17, 1926 An adhesive for fabrics comprises nitrocellulose, benzol, and methyl ace- tone, with or without small quantities of ethyl, butyl, or amyl acetate. Byrnes, C. P. Filed—July 6, 1925 Eng. Pat.—259,293 Issued—December 1, 1926 Solvents for nitrocellulose and var- nish gums are obtained by dissolving out, for example by means of dilute alcohol, the more highly oxidized sub- stances such as esters, aldehydes, and ketones when present in the partial oxidation product of aliphatic hydro- | carbons produced as described in Eng- lish Patents 138,118, 173,750 and 209,128. Lavadoux, E. Filed—February 5, 1926 Eng. Pat—261,589 Issued—January 12, 1927 A varnish comprising nitrocellulose, castor oil, amyl or ethyl acetate, benzol or benzine, and “Oriental Essence” made from fish scales. A surface coated therewith may be further coated with a varnish comprising nitrocellulose, amyl acetate and benzol. Wolffe and Company Schulz, H. Filed—December 4, 1925 Eng. Pat.—262,440 Issued—January 26, 1927 A nitrocellulose having a nitrogen content above 12.6% and incomplete ethyl-alcohol solubility is recom- mended for use in the binder coating of a nitrocellulose lacquer system. 184 I. G. Farbenindustrie A. G. Filed—January 27, 1926 Eng. Pat.—263,076 Issued—February 9, 1927 - Esters of glycolic, acetic, oxalic, and phthalic acids are used as softening agents, and chloral hexachlorethane, etc., as hardening agents for celluloid. . G. Farbenindustrie A. G. Filed—December 17, 1926 Eng. Pat.—263,175 Issued—February 16, 1927 Varnishes are produced by incorpo- rating cellulose nitrate with a drying oil, oil lacquer or varnish with the aid of a volatile organic liquid capable of dissolving both the cellulose nitrate and the drying oil. Optional Constituents:—Ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, acetone, cyclohexanone, methylcyclohexanone, driers, plasti- cizers, resins. . G. Farbenindustrie A. G. Filed—December 17, 1926 Eng. Pat.—263,184 Issued—February 16, 1927 Varnishes of the type described in English Patent 263,175 preceding, made by incorporating cellulose nitrate with drying oils or oil varnishes by the aid of a mutual solvent for the oil and the cellulose nitrate, are modified by employing in partial substitution for the mutual solvent, a volatile organic liquid capable of dissolving the drying oil but not the cellulose nitrate. Optional Constituents:— Butyl alcohol, amyl] alcohol, higher alcohols, aromatic hydrocarbons or their chlorine deriva- tives. Walkey, W. R. Filed—April 20, 1926 Eng. Pat.—264,045 Issued—March 2, 1927 A varnish consisting of cellulose ace- tate or nitrate dissolved in a medium such as amyl acetate and containing a non-metallic filling material such as china clay or magnesium silicate is recommended for use in tipping cigar- ettes. A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER I. G. Farbenindustrie A. G. Filed—February 17, 1926 Eng. Pat—266,363 Issued—April 21, 1927 Slate powder, diatomaceous earth, gypsum, pumice or glass powder, col- oring matters, etc. with or without powdered resins are used as inert fill- ing materials in the nitrocellulose-oil varnishes described in English Patents 263,175 and 263,184. Terrell, T. Filed—January 18, 1926 Eng. Pat. 268,901 Issued—June 1, 1927 Surfaces of furniture which have been coated with nitrocellulose varnish are finished by further treating them with a fluid consisting of a solvent ‘partial solvent for nitrocellulose, such as ether, alcohol, or acetone, in which is dissolved or mixed a quantity of acetic acid, or acetate compound. It is claimed that the surface is thereby rendered noninflammable and less lia- ble to the effects of heat, moisture, or corroding influences. . G. Farbenindustrie A. G. Filed—December 23, 1924 Eng. Pat.—275,653 Issued—October 5, 1927 1:4 dioxane is used as a solvent for cellulose esters and ethers. Other or- ganic solvents may be added if de- sired. Optional Constituents:—Resins, dyes. Horii, S. Filed—May 25, 1926 Eng. Pat.—275,747 Issued—October 5, 1927 A stencil sheet coating composition comprises esters such as cellulose ni- trate, chlorinated naphthalene, and if required, tempering agents such as oils, fats, fatty acids and waxes, the sub- stances being dissolved in a suitable solvent. Optional Constitwents:—Stearine, castor oil. BRITISH PATENTS I. G. Farbenindustrie A. G. Filed—August 138, 1926 Eng. Pat.—275,969 Issued—October 5, 1927 Cellulose ester or ether lacquers are colored by incorporating with them, » basic dyestuffs which may also con- tain acid groups, together with complex acids or salts thereof capable of form- ing color lakes with the dyestuffs. The dyestuffs and the acids may be heated in solid form or in solution in organic solvents such as alcohols, glycol, glyc- erol, or their esters or ethers, acetone, etc. Studer, L., and Bainbridge, B. G. Filed—September 9, 1926 Eng. Pat.—276,834 Issued—October 26, 1927 A varnish for finger nails. Type Formula: Vives ¢ hs a 120 grms Gem ppors oiswsks esse. 35 grms. CarPC Oi acs oe ss. 1% grain Amvl-alcohol ......... 1 oz. 2 drams 185 Type Formula—Continued: ACOLONGu Slate. ete «0% 1 oz. Amyl acetate ........ 1 oz. Methyl alcohol ...... 1 oz. Rheinische Gummi-und Celluloid-Fabrik © Filed—September 18, 1926 Eng. Pat.—277, 626 Issued—November 9, 1927 A small amount of non-volatile sol- vents for nitrocellulose such as tri- phenyl phosphate, acetanilid, ethyl acetanilid, “palatinol,” “pastol,” is said to be useful in treating scrap celluloid. Stubner, E. C. Filed—September 23, 1926 Eng. Pat.—277,989 Issued—November 16, 1927 “Soluble cellulose” for use in the manufacture of lacquers, enamels, cel- luloid, ete. is pigmented or colored by treatment with a colloidal solution of a pigment or coloring matter in such a manner that the pigment is deposited on the cellulose. CANADIAN PATENTS Wilson, W. V. & Storey, J. Can. P.—21,473 Issued—May, 1885 See U.S.P.—352,726. E.P. 6051—1884. F.P. 162,965. Belg. P. 65,624. Ital. P. XVIII, 17,146—1884. Ital. P. XXXIV, 162—1884. Reid, W. F. & Earle, E. J. V. Can. P.—61,157 Issued—September, 1898 Leather is enameled with a mixture of nitrocellulose and _ nitro-linolein, nitro-ricinolein. Bonnaud, J. B. G. Can. P.—78,060 Issued—November, 1902 See U.S.P. 697,790. EP. 8063—1901. Bindewald, H. Can. P.—100,547 Issued—August, 1906 Wood is enameled with a solution composed of ordinary glue, body color and collodion. Chem. Fabr. V. Weiler-ter-Meer Can. P.—103,036 Issued—January, 1907 See E.P. 16,271—1906. EP, 377671: Blackmore, H. S. Can. P.—109,502 Issued—December, 1907 A pyroxylin solvent prepared by ex- posing a composition containing a con- densed product of hydrocarbon and carbon oxyacid anhydride to the ac- tion of heat and maintaining the tem- perature below the dissociating tem- perature of the product desired. Closmann, E, A, Can. P.—110,622 Issued—March, 1908 See U.S.P. 861,435. Eichengrun, A. Can. P.—129,265 Issued—November, 1910 Plastic masses are prepared by treat- ing cellulose acetate in the presence of camphor or camphor substitutes with a mixture of solvents which when cold leave cellulose acetate undissolved but dissolve it when heated. See U.S.P. 1,015,155. U.S.P. 1,015,156. Walker, H. V. Assigned—Maas & Waldstein Can. Pat.—132,232 Filed—Oct. 17, 1910 _ Issued—April, 1911 See also U.S. Patent 972,953. French Patent 421,058. . Beatty, W. A. Can. P.—147,578 Issued—April 29, 1913 Compound for and method of pro- ducing plastic substances comprising cellulose acetate and a condensation product of a ketone with phenol incor- porated therewith, giving a non-inflam- mable product. Beatty, W. A. Can. P.—147,579 Issued—April 29, 1913 Compound for and method of pro- ducing plastic substances comprising a cellulose ester, a condensation prod- uct of a ketone with phenol, and a solvent. Lilienfeld, L. Can. P.—150,646 Issued—September 23, 1913 186 CANADIAN PATENTS Process for manufacture of imita- tion leather which consists in coating a suitable foundation with a main com- pound composed of a mixture of nitro- cellulose or celluloid or their equiva- lents and one or more of. those phenol-esters which remain liquid at a temperature of 0° C. Celluloid Co, of N. Y. & W. G. Lindsay Can. P.—175,107 Issued—February, 1917 A composition of matter containing cellulose acetate and a liquid mono- hydroxy aliphatic alcohol having more than two carbon atoms, and a suitable solvent. Optional Constituents:—Triphenyl phos- ‘phate, chloroform, fusel oil, chlorinated hydrocarbons. See U.S.P. 1,199,799. Arnold, C. E. Can. Pat.—179,699 Issued—October 9, 1917 About 150 parts of celluloid scrap is agitated with 200 parts of a solvent, containing 75 parts ethyl alcohol, 75 parts benzol and 50 parts commercial ethyl acetate and mixed with about 300 parts of castor oil. E. I. du Pont de Nemours Co. and E. M. Flaherty Can. P.—196,150 Issued—January, 1920 See U.S.P. 1,356,440. E. I. du Pont de Nemours Co. and E, M. Flaherty Can. P.—196,151 Issued—January, 1920 See U.S.P. 1,321,611. See also French Patent 133,972. E. I. du Pont de Nemours Co. and M. V. Hitt Can. P.—196,925 Issued—February, 1920 See US.P. 1,821,633. US.P. 1,321,634. E. I. du Pont de Nemours Co. and M. V. Hitt Can. P.—196,926 Issued—February, 1920 See U.S.P. 1,321,633. US.P. 1,321,634. 187 Pratt and Lambert Co. and Hedley Ross Can. P.—198,265 Issued—March, 1920 An aeroplane dope composed of cel- lulose acetate and triphenyl phosphate in suitable solvents. Type Formula: Cellulose acetate ....... Triphenyl phosphate .... Solvents 100 parts 40-60 parts Pratt and Lambert and Hedley Ross Can. P—200,433 Issued—May, 1920 Aeroplane fabric is treated with a non-inflammable cellulose ester (100 parts) and a phosphoric ester, 30-40 parts) dissolved in a suitable solvent. A second coating consisting of cellu- lose ester (100 parts) and phosphoric ester (more than 40 parts) and also a high boiling point solvent and an opaque protective material, is next ap- plied. E. I. du Pont de Nemours Co. & Fin Sparre Can. P.—201,913 Issued—July, 1920 Assigned to Canadian Explosives, Ltd. An artificial leather coating of the composition indicated below. Type Formula: Nitrocellulose ............ 1 part Titantum Oxide 407... as 1% parts Castors OL tie tee 11% parts Volatile solvents Optional Constituents:—Ethyl alcohol benzol, ethyl acetate. See also U.S.P. 1,301,187. Kessler, J. M. Can, P.—214,462 Issued—November 29, 1921 A composition consisting of pyroxy- lin, denatured alcohol, acetin (free from monoacetin, containing 65% tri- acetin). Type Formula: PYTOSVIIN: toed, nuaea ieee 100 parts Alcohol (denatured) ...... 60 parts ACCU oo. aw wcacis wee aie ca 28 parts Optional Constituents:—Stabilizers, col- oring matter. 188 Ritschke, A. Can. P.—229,843 Issued—March 27, 1923 Non-inflammable compositions for driving belts, linoleum, etc., consist of nitrocellulose and liquid triaryl esters of phosphoric or thiophosphoric acid. Ritschke, A. Can, P.—229,857 Issued—March 27, 1923 A fabric mass has pressed on each side a skin formed of a mixture of nitrocellulose with a non-volatile gela- tinizing substance. Booge, J. E. Applied—October 17, 1922 Can. P.—230,046 Issued—April 3, 1923 A coating composition comprising a nitrocellulose jelly, blown cottonseed oil and a non-volatile solvent contain- ing an ester of a lower alcohol with a higher fatty acid adapted to prevent cold cracking of the coating. Clancy, J. C. Can. Pat.—234,321 Issued—September 18, 1923 Cellulose esters are dissolved in liquid anhydrous ammonia and the solvent is substantially removed there- from. The process is applicable to the production of photographic films. Clancy, J. C. Can. Pat.—234,322 Issued—September 18, 1925. Cellulose esters are dissolved in liquid sulphur dioxide and the sulphur dioxide is removed therefrom at pres- sure less than that at which solution took place. The sulphur dioxide is capable of more general use than the solvents heretofore used, is noninflam- mable and may be readily separated from the finished product. See also Eng. Pat. 189,416. D.R.P2 402,753; Ward, T. W. & Fletcher, J. Can. Pat.—256,395 Issued—December 15, 1925 A dope, or varnish comprising a A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER cellulose ester and a solvent therefor and having in suspension finely di- vided ammonium magnesium phos- phate. Edbrook, F. G. Applied—August 18, 1923 Can. P.—238,217 Issued—March 4, 1924 A lacquer for shoe heels and the like. Type Formula: Cellulose acetate ........ 12 parts Acetone... 3ics oe uae 1152 parts Benzol ©... voealae pee 14 parts Benzyl alcohol j4¢4e 3 parts Industrial spirit ......... 7 parts Tria cetin ce 10 parts Lilienfeld, L. Filed—June 16, 1922 Can. Pat.—249,773 Issued—May 19, 1925 A cellulose ether is dissolved in a solvent comprising alcohol and an ester of a phenol. Ward, T. W. H. Fletcher, James Assigned to Titanine-Emaillite Ltd. Can. Pat.—256,395 Filed—April 8, 1925 Issued—December 15, 1925 A dope comprising a cellulose ester and a solvent therefor and having in - suspension finely subdivided ammo- nium magnesium phosphate. Garke, R. Meyer, E. Filed—July 3, 1925 Can. Pat.—259,475 Issued—April 6, 1926 See Eng. Pat.—241,858. Clement, L. E. Assigned to La Pathe Cinema Anciens Etablissements Pathe Freres Can. Pat—259,662 Filed—September 20, 1925 Issued—April 6, 1926 A nitrocellulose solvent composed of anhydrous ethyl alcohol and pure ace- tone. See F. P—601,662. CANADIAN PATENTS 189 Type Formula: Anhydrous ethyl alcohol....... 80% je UY Gee ee 20% Davidson, J. G. Assigned to Carbide Chemicals Corporation Can. Pat.—260,463 Filed—October 5, 1925 Issued—May 4, 1926 See U. S. Patent—1,644,417. and Carbon Davidson, J. G. Assigned to Carbide Chemicals Corporation Can. Pat.—260,464 Filed—October 22, 1925 Issued—May 4, 1926 A composition containing a cellulose ester and a substantial quantity of polyolefin glycol monoethy!] ether. and Carbon Davidson, J. G. Assigned to Carbide Chemicals .Corporation Can. Pat.—260,466 . Filed—October 22, 1925 Issued—May 4, 1926 See U.S.P.—1,644,418. and Carbon fural, diethyl carbonate, butyl formate, acetone, hexahydrophenol. Clement, L. E. Assigned to La Pathe Cinema Anciens EKtablissements Pathe Freres Can. Pat.—261,371 Filed—September 30, 1926 Issued—June 1, 1926 A solvent for cellulose acetates com- posed of a mixture of acetone with a substance which is a non-solvent for cellulose acetates, i.e. anhydrous ethyl alcohol. See also F. P.—601,547. Optional Constituents:—Organic esters. Shipley, S. D. Given, G. C. Assigned to Atlas Powder Co. Can. Pat.—262,784 Filed—June 4, 1925 Issued—July 20, 1926 A varnish comprising nitrocellulose, an alkyl glycol, a benzene hydrocar- bon and an acyclic alcohol. See also U.S.P—1,533,616 F.P.—600,178 Zimmerli, A. B B K. rown, bruce Assigned to Cello Products Corp. Bogin, Charles Assigned to Commercial Solvents Cor- poration Can. Pat—260,927 Filed—September 25, 1925 Issued—May 18, 1926 A composition of matter comprising a mixture of nitrocellulose and a poly- valent metallic salt of an alkyl ester of phthalic acid, the latter compound being of the nature of a resin. Type Formula: PVIETOCCIIIORE vec... se eee ee 1 Ib. Zine butyl phthalate........... tlh} LS TE 2S ee Lat. Oe ES es ee Lect, Hs NIA AE ih 6 fo bono lee 8's eget g “CC NE Rae a 1 qt. Optional Constituents:—Copper butyl phthalate, ferric butyl phthalate, lead butyl phthalate, nickel butyl phthal- ate; kauri, dammar, sandarac, shellac, mastic and ester gums; ethyl lactate, diacetone alcohol, xylol, butanol, fur- Can. Pat.—264,990 Filed—September 10, 1924 Issued—October 12, 1926 The use of ethyl-paratoluolsulpho- amid as a plasticizer of cellulose ace- tate compositions is recommended. Davidson, J. G. Assigned to Carbide and Carbon Chemicals Corporation Can. Pat.—268,571 Filed—October 19, 1926 Issued—February 22, 1927 See U.S.P.—1,617,237. Hill, E: W. Filed—June 4, 1926 Can. Pat.—270,537 Issued—May 10, 1927 A type-impressible stencil sheet com- prising a porous base, a coating includ- ing cellulose acetate, an acetate of starch, dibutyl tartrate and castor oil. Bh a ie ae oe a’, 190 Davidson, J.G. Assigned to Carbide and Carbon Chemicals Corporation Can. Pat.—271,382. Filed—May 19, 1926 Issued—June 7, 1927 A composition comprising a cellu- lose ester and a glycol monoacetate. Optional Constituents :—Ethylene mono- acetate. Sioa to Canac dian Can. Pat—271, 43 Issued—June. 28, 1927 - A composition comprising | a cellulose ester — as FRENCH PATENTS Parkes, Henry French Pat.—132495 Issued—1879 See U.S.P.—265,337. Eng. Pat. 1865—1879. Wilson, W. V. & Storey, J. Fr. Pat.—162,965 See U.S.P.—352,726. Eng. Pat. 6051-1881. Belg. Pat. 65,624. Ital. P. XVIII, 17-146—1884. Ital P. XXVIV, 162—1884. Hale, Julia French Pat.—184,548 Issued—June 30, 1887 See U.S. Pat. 471,422. Eng. Pat. 5586-1887. Eng. Pat. 5791-1887. Aust. Pat. 17,684—1887, Perl, J. Fr. Pat.—233,727 Issued—Oct. 30, 1893 A colored lacquer is produced by coating an article with a colorless lac- quer. After drying for about one half an hour, the article is heated strongly and dipped into a solution of aniline or alizarin colours in strong alcohols (ethyl, methyl, or amyl). Cie Parisienne de Couleur D’Anilin Fr. Pat.—295,592 Camphor is substituted by alkyl ether of an aromatic sulphoacid, spe- cially p-toluol-sulphonic acid, p-toluol sulphamide, p-toluol dialkyl amide. Marx, N. Fr, Pat.—300,676 Nitrocellulose is gelatinized with nitronaphthalin, as substitute for cam- phor. 191 Zuhl, E. Fr. Pat.—308,372 Issued—Feb. 22, 1901 In the manufacture of celluloid, camphor is replaced, partly or entirely by dibasic or multibasic acids of the aromatic series, or by their anhydrides and esters (e.g. phthalic acid, phthalic anhydride, phthalonic acid, phthalic monoethyl ester, etc.). Zuhl, E. Add. to Fr. Pat.—308,372 Issued—April 15, 1901 Camphor is replaced by esters of phthalic acid wherein one of the acid groups comprises on the one hand the radicle of an aliphatic alcohol, and on the other the radicle of a base (esters of phthalamic acid and phthalanilic acid). Zuhl, E. Fr. Pat—309,962 Issued—April 15, 1901 In the manufacture of celluloid, camphor is replaced by the phenol or naphthol esters of inorganic acids (phosphoric acid). See also Aust. Pat. 13,8838—1903. Zuhl, E. Fr. Pat.—309,963 Issued—April 15, 1901 In the manufacture of celluloid the camphor is replaced by esters of ox- alic acid, wherein one of the acid groups comprises on the one hand the radicle of an aliphatic alcohol, and on the other the radicle of a base (esters of oxamic acid). Zuhl, E. Fr, Pat.—310,942 Issued—May 18, 1901 In the manufacture of celluloid the camphor is replaced by halogen sub- 192 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER stitution products of aromatic hydro- carbons, nitrated halogen substitution products or amino halogen substitu- tion products. Frauquet, E. Fr, Pat.—312,817 Issued—July 18, 1901 Acetyldiphenylamine, triphenylphos- phate, amylidenedimethyl ether, and amylidenediethyl ether may be used to replace part or all of the camphor in the manufacture of celluloid. Farbwerke Bayer Fr. Pat.—317,007 Issued—1901 See German patent 18,537 Farbwerke, Bayer Fr. Pat.—14,425 Addn. to Fr. P. 317,007 of 1901 See D.R.P—18,537. Soc. Anon. Prod. F. Bayer & Co. Fr. Pat.—317,008 Issued—Dec. 18, 1901 Acetyl derivatives of cellulose are mixed with camphor or its substitutes with or without a suitable solvent (e.g. chloroform). Mabille, A. & Leclerc, G. Fr. Pat.—317,884 Issued—Jan. 18, 1902 Celluloid is rendered incombustible by mixing it with ferric chloride or cal- cium bromide. Mabille, A. & Leclerc, G. Addn. to Fr. Pat—317,884 All brominated products dissolved by a solvent of celluloid and capable of giving off a fire-extinguishing gas may be used to render celluloid in- combustible. Soc. Industrielle de Cellulose Filed—March 13, 1902 F.P.—319,542 Issued—July 25, 1902 A plastic composed of amyl acetate, camphor, starch gelatinized by water, and nitrocellulose. Lederer, L. Fr. Pat.—319,724 Issued—March 18, 1902 Horny substances resembling cellu- loid are prepared from cellulose ace- tate by combining it with organic com- pounds containing one or more hy- droxyl groups or aldehyde, ketonie or amino groups, or with acid amides, with or without pressure. See also Eng. Pat. 7088—1902. Lederer, L. Fr. Pat— Issued—August 22, 1902 Addn. to Fr. Pat.—319,724 Horny substances are prepared by dissolving cellulose acetate in phenol, chloral hydrate, etc., with or without turpentine, camphor, etc., or metallic salts or oxides. Soc. Ind. de Cellulose Fr. Pat—319,926 Camphor is partly substituted by gelatine, dissolved in water, acetic acid or glycerin. Soc. Anon L’Oyonnaxienne _ Fr. Pat.—320,133 Camphor is partly substituted by gelatine 8-10% formaldehyde in alco- holic solution being added for harden- ing. Schwartz, M. Filed—April 16, 1902 F.P.—320,452 Issued—August 18, 1902 Photographic paper is treated with a compound of the constituents listed below. Type Formula: Nitrocellulose ....,....5 suas 19 gm Acetone éi>r2s5.40) 5 ee 1000 c.c Amyl ‘acetate 4. ae 875 c.c Benzol | wis. tnes heen 875 c.c Lederer, L. Fr. Pat.—320,885 See D.R.P.—224,330. Beau, H. Fr. Pat.—322,457 Issued—June 24, 1902 : | J FRENCH PATENTS An alcoholic solution of calcium chloride (about 20%) is added to a solution of celluloid in acetone in such quantity as to have one part of. cal- cium chloride to 10 parts of celluloid. On evaporating this mixture an unin- flammable film is obtained. Callenberg, E. Fr. Pat.—322,506 Issued—June 27, 1902 Halogen derivatives of the ethereal oils, especially turpentine chloride, are substituted for, or used in conjunction with, the camphor or other substance mixed with nitrocellulose or other cel- lulose compound in the manufacture of celluloid. Schmerber, J. & Morane, L. Fr. Pat.—324,121 Issued—Aug. 30, 1902 A celluloid-like material is prepared by combining cellulose acetate and cel- lulose nitrate by means of common solvents. Type Formula: OO a oe 40- 60 kilos Methyl alcohol ........ 90-120 kilos Nitrocellulose ......... 100 kilos Acetyl cellulose ........ 100 kilos Optional Constituents:—Ethyl alcohol, acetone. See also Eng. Pat. 4863—1903. Hirsch, J. Fr. Pat.—324,718 Issued—Sept. 24, 1903 A toughening fluid whose basis is an alcoholic solution of “acetylated de- rivatives of cellulose or hydro-cellu- lose.” Type Formula: Acetylated cellulose ...... 25 parts WIPAMENORA Vee ce cid ees 3. parts MFASEOIMIOU Weve. ci eksccsss 3 parts Dilute aleohol............ 100 parts Pillion, N. L. Fr. Pat.—325,336 Issued—Oct. 16, 1902 Celluloid considerably reduced in- flammability is prepared by incorpor- ating silica with the plastic mass. This is effected by the addition of 193 ethereal derivative of silicic acid, such as amyl silicate, methyl silicate, or ethyl disilicate. Luttke, H. Fr, Pat—325,548 Issued—Oct. 23, 1902 | See Eng. Pat. 24,955 of 1902 Zuhl, E. Fr, Pat.—325,585 See Eng. Pat. 23,445 of 1902. Ensminger, H. Fr, Pat.—326,576 Issued—Noy. 21, 1902 Celluloid products composed of a basis of nitrocellulose, casein and camphor are steeped in a solution of formaldehyde until they are com- pletely penetrated by the liquid, and then dried. In this way the camphor is extracted by the formaldehyde and can be used again. The product has the consistency of horn. Proveux, H. M. Fr, Pat.—328,054 Issued—Aug. 9, 1902 Nitrocellulose is treated with an aluminium salt (preferably the ace- tate). When the resulting compound is incorporated with camphor, a non- inflammable, celluloid-like substance is obtained. Nogues, P. & Proveux, H. M. Fr. Pat— Issued—Feb. 25, 1903 Addn. to Fr. Pat. 328,054 ’ Pure alumina, especially in alcoholic solution, is substituted for the alumi- nium salt of the principal patent. The second addition claims the addition of barium chloride (10 to 20% of the total weight) to the mixture of nitro- cellulose and alumina, Cie Francaise du Celluloid Fr, Pat.—328,658 Issued—Jan. 21, 1903 Casein moistened with a solution of urea acetate and denatured alcohol is incorporated with a mixture of nitro- cellulose and camphor moistened with 194 alcohol. It is advised to add formal- dehyde. Rochereau, A, A. Fr. Pat —329,854 Tested Maren 2, 1903 A white paint, diluted with silo. dion and ether, is first applied to vel- vet or other Hiaterial to act as foun- dation for colors. Soc. Anon. L’Oyonnaxienne Fr. Pat—331,819 Issued—May 8, 1903 Albumin (blood or egg) is treated with a dilute (5-10%) solution of for- maldehyde and the excess of the lat- ter is washed away with water. The “formylated albumin is mixed in pres- ence of alcohol’ with nitro cellulose and, if desired, camphor.” Soc. R. Eisenmann and J. Bendix French Pat.—333,824 - Issued—December 4, 1903 Collodion cotton (10 parts) is dis- solved in about 65 parts of glacial acetic acid containing 15 parts of ace- tone. To this solution is added about 250 parts of denatured (95%) alcohol. Didier, T. Fr. Pat.—336,970 Issued—Nov. 3, 1903 The production of imitation horn, shell, ete. See Brit. Pat. 22,245—1904. Type Formula: Oelhitonds« «dec ase eetenekers 20 parts ARBLONG = a: fic jtom ck Souter 40 parts ° Alcohol, 90-95% .......... 40 parts (JaSTOP Ol eck oh ocd aid pment 1-5 parts Proveux, H. Fr. Pat.—339,081 Casein and glycerine are added to nitrocellulose as camphor substitutes. Actien-Gesellschaft f. Anilin-Fab. Filed—January 16, 1904 ' F.P.—339,654 Issued—April 23, 1904 Celluloid mixed with oils, waxes, resins, and caoutchouc. fats, A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER Schmerber, J. Fr. Pat.—340, 266 Issued—Feb. 8, 1904 Methylacetanilid is claimed as a partial or complete substitute for camphor in the manufacture of cellu- loid. Bethisy, L., et Soc. Myrthil Rose Et Cie. Fr. Pat.—340,622 Insulating lacquer for electric pur- poses, Nitrocellulose and a calcium chloride solution are dissolved in amyl acetate; ether and denatured alcohol, pulver- ized tale and asbestos or mica are added. In place of amyl acetate one can use acetone, acetoacetic acid or alcohol-ether. Chem, Fabr. Vorm. Weiler-ter Meer Fr. Pat.—341,556 Issued—March 23, 1904 In the manufacture of celluloid, camphor is substituted by the follow- ing classes of compounds: Mono- or poly- halogen derivatives of primary aromatic amino compounds; acidyl de- rivatives of halogenized aromatic amines (e.g. chloroacetanilide). Acidyl (formyl-, acetyl-, benzoyl-) derivatives of secondary aromatic amines such as methylaniline or alkylnaphthylamines. See also Eng. Pat. 15,435—1904. Ortmann, R. French Pat.—342,464 Issued—1904 See also Eng. Pat. 5280—1904. Woodward, G. E. Fr. Pat.—344,048 Issued—May 25, 1904 Celluloid is rendered non-inflamma- ble by incorporating with each kilo of celluloid, 1.5 kilos of fish glue, 400 gms. of gum arabic, 100 gms. of gela- tin, and 40 gms. of colza oil. See also Brit. Pat. 9277—1904; U.S.P. —803, 952. Parkin, W. C. Fr, Pat.—344,501 Issued—July 1, 1904 FRENCH PATENTS Celluloid or nitrocellulose is ren- dered incombustible by incorporating it with aluminium chloride, strontium chloride, magnesium chloride, and cal- cium chloride. Type Formula: UU LOS us Sea 2 parts (ROGTONG Srtes eo i.e kbc ase see 3 parts Aluminium chloride ........ 1 part Mretrormaiconol® 2.54.05... 2 parts Bethisy, L., and Soc. M. Rose et Cie. Fr, Pat.—347,303 Issued—Oct. 21, 1904 A non inflammable plastic product composed of nitrocellulose, zinc chlo- ride, oil d’aspic, calcium chloride, amyl] acetate, alcohol, ether, and crystallized acetic acid. Parkin, W. C. Fr. Pat.—347,446 Issued—Oct. 27, 1904 Celluloid or nitrocellulose composi- tions are mixed with boric acid for the purpose of making the product non-inflammable. Germain, P. Fr. Pat.—349,292 Issued—Dec. 8, 1904 Non-inflammable celluloid is pro- duced by incorporating with the cellu- loid, some salt, which on _ heating, evolves a considerable quantity of gas which does not support combustion, e.g. a bicarbonate. Matas y Rodes, F. Fr. Pat.—349,782 Issued—Dec. 31, 1904 A mass consisting of wood shavings or sawdust with a solution of nitro- cellulose in methyl alcohol as binding agent. Behal, A.; Magnier, P. & Tissier, C. Fr. Pat.—349,970 Issued—June 7, 1904 See Brit. Patent 11,512—1905. Prost, P. A. D. & Mickey, E. Fr. Pat.—351,555 Issued—Jan. 17, 1905 Nitrocellulose is dissolved in acetone, 195 - ether-alcohol, or other solvent in which has been dissolved a sufficient quantity of a metallic salt to render the final product, non-combustible. Such salts are alum, zinc chloride, aluminium chloride, ete. Prost, P. A. D. & Mickey, E. Fr. Pat — Issued—March 18, 1905 Addn. to F. P—351,555 The following substances are added to the mixture described in the prin- cipal patent: Fused zine chloride (in alcoholic solution), 10 to 25%; ammo- nium chloride (in -aleoholic solution), 1 to 5%: carbon tetrachloride, 1 to 15%, glycerine, 5 to 10%. Krais, P. & Bradford Dyers Ass’n Fr, Pat.—351,844 Issued—Feb. 27, 1905 See Eng. Pat. 18,742 of 1904 Gillet, C. Fr. Pat.—352,853 Issued—March 30, 1905 . Process of manufacturing celluloid, consisting in dissolving camphor, 50 to 80 kg. in alcohol, adding colophony, 50 to 20 kg., and proceeding with the operations known in the manufacture of ordinary celluloid. Lederer, L. Fr, Pat.—352,897 Issued—April 1, 1905 Process of manufacturing lacquer and varnish, consisting in employing ~ acetylene tetrachloride as a solvent for the resins and acetyl] celluloses. See also Eng. Pat. 6751—1905. Cathelineau, C. & Fleury, R. Fr. Pat—354,292 Issued—1905 Plastic masses, films, etc., are pre- pared by treating casein with phenol with the addition of cellulose nitrate or cellulose acetate and finally cam- phor. Cathelineau, H. C. M. L. & Fleury, A. A. French Pat.—354,942 Issued—June 5, 1905 196 The pliability or elasticity of a phenol-casein film may be increased by adding varying quantities of nitrocellu- lose, acetanilide, “terpene” or glycerin. See also English Patent 12,277— 1905. Cathelineau, H. C. M. L. and Fleury, A. A. Addition to French Patent—354,942 Issued—June 8, 1905 A plastic substance is made by treat- ing casein with a phenol (as carbolic acid and thymol) in which is dissolved camphor and cellulose. See also Eng. Pat. 12,278—1905. Binderwald, H. Fr. Pat.—356,444 Issued—July 27, 1905 An enamel for wood capable of being polished, consisting of a mix- ture of glue, collodion, and coloring material. Type Formula: Russian glue, dilute......... 3 parts COllOdiOn: © Kawien e ete 450 c.c Methanol |; 4 ca saith ts douse 50 c.c Linseed Voll) awa tho cee 3 ¢.c Nitrocelluiose:... 02s a6 49h 26.25 c.c Gall, H. Filed—March 13, 1908 F.P.—398,084 Issued March 15, 1909 A bronzing fluid composed of a metal powder, e.g. aluminium, ethyl acetate, with or without the addition of nitrocellulose. Furst Guido Donnersmarchische Kunst- seiden u. Acetat Werke, Ger, Fr. Pat.—400,652 Issued—March 10, 1909 Production of commercially valuable solutions of cellulose acetate by em- ploying formaldehyde alone or com- bined with other solvents to affect the solution of the cellulose acetate. See also D.R.P. 237,718. Soc. Anonyme des Plaques et Papiers Photographiques A. Lumiere Filed—July 11, 1908 F.P.—401,228 Issued—July 12, 1909 Non-combustible films; the incom- bustibility being given by two things: Ist, gelatin and its analogs; 2nd, by incombustible cellulose compounds such as cellulose acetate. . Commercial Products Co., Ltd. Fr. Pat.—402,028 Issued—April 14, 1909 A composition consisting of gelatin (with or without casein or albumin), phenol or anhydrous glycerin or a mix- ture of the two or other anhydrous solvent, gum-lac, dinitro or acetyl cel- lulose and camphor is shaken with a A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER preparation of anhydrous formalde- hyde (e.g. paraformaldehyde) or a solution of formaldehyde in anhydrous glycerin. Special claim is made for use in the gelatin emulsion of a new form of celluloid in which the camphor may be replaced by anhydroformaldehyde- aniline or by a resinate thereof. See also Eng. Pat. 4,154—1909. Lederer, L. Fr. Pat.—402,072 Issued—April 15, 1909 See Eng. P. 11,625 of 1909. See also Aust. Pat. 42,440—1910. Lederer, L. Fr, Pat.—402,083 Issued—April 15, 1909 The esters of phenols and poly- phenols are claimed as softening agents for films, etc., prepared from cellulose acetate. These agents are insoluble in water. Resorcinol diacetate is speci- fied. See also Eng. Pat. 8,945—1909. Clement, F. E, Fr. Pat.—402,569 - Issued—April 24, 1909 Colloidal silica is used to render cel- luloid non-inflammable. Type Formula: Pyroxylin solution sigs seu ee 90% Silica... sas deus cae eee 10% Optional Constituents:—Tetra ethyl monosilicate, diethyl monosilicate, hexa ethyl dimonosilicate, diethyl] dimonosilicate. See Eng. Pat. 10,320—1910. Sauverzac, J. M. Fr. Pat. 402,950 Issued—Sept. 12, 1908 A solution of a metallic chloride (aluminum chloride) in alcohol is a good solvent for nitrocellulose. Douque, A. F.P.—403,761 Issued—June 7, 1909 Linen is treated with starch to which basic aluminum acetate, the double salts of zinc and aluminium, or FRENCH PATENTS 201 casein-lime is added. The linen is then treated with a solution of cellu- lose acetate either alone or mixed with a collodion, celluloid or resin varnish. Optional Constitwents:—Solution of soap, sebacic acid. See also E.P. 17,449—1909, Chem, Fabr. Griesheim-Elektron Fr, Pat.—404,886 Issued—July 8, 1909 See Brit. P. 15,855 of 1909. Buchstab, B. G. Fr. Pat.—407,862 Issued—Oct. 13, 1909 See Ger. P. 216,307 of 1909. Farbenfabr. F. Bayer & Co. Fr. Pat.—408,370 Issued—Oct. 27, 1909 Threads of whatever source are covered with a solution of cellulose acetate containing bronze or metallic powders, with or without the addition of colors or pigments. See also U.S.P. 1,031,616, Eng. Pat. 11,354—1909. Farbenfabr. Bayer 2nd Add’n to Fr, Pat.—408,370 Issued—June 11, 1910 Certain organic substances are added to increase pliability of coating: cer- tain amines, anilides, amides, imides, ethers, esters and halogenated deriva- tives. Optional’ Constituents:—Ethyl benzoyl- o-toluidine, acetin, acetyl benzyl-o- toluidine. See also Eng. Pat. 13,100—1910. Eastman Kodak Co. French Pat.—408,396 See U.S.P. 1,434,427. Soc. Monnet et Goutteborn Filed—Feb. 11, 1909 F.P.—409,196 Issued—Feb. 12, 1910 Fabrics are treated with a solution of celluloid or nitrocellulose and cam- phor in the usual solvents, with the addition of aniline coloring matter or bronze powder. Bretean, P. & Leroux, H. Fr, Pat —409,557 Issued—Feb. 19, 1909 Substitutes for celluloid are men- tioned, containing instead of nitrocel- lulose, organic or inorganic acid ethers — of nitrocellulose, hydrocellulose or oxycellulose or mixtures of these. Instead of camphor, the substances mentioned below may be used. Optional Constituents:—Aromatic-alde- hydes (benzaldehyde, homologous alkylated or arylated derivatives), hydroaromatic ketones (hexahydro benzyl ketone, tetrahydro benzyl ketone and their alkylated homologues, hydronaphthy] ketones). The complex mixture obtained by oxidation of the product resulting from the catalytic hydrogenation of crude phenols or mix- ture of the above substances. Labbe, L. L. T. Fr. Pat—410,973 Issued—March 26, 1909 Cellulose is treated with sulfuric and nitric acid. After washing and drying enough glacial acetic acid is added to form a thick paste. A second paste, consisting of gelatin, magnesium ace- tate and glacial acetic acid is mixed with the first and a supersaturated al- coholic solution of tin protochloride is added. Reeser, H. J. G. Fr. Pat—411,126 Issued—Dec. 18, 1909. See Eng. Pat. 12,976—1909. Mijnssen, C. Fr, Pat.—411,298 Issued—Jan. 5, 1910 Acetyl cellulose is treated with phenol, as a camphor substitute. See also Eng. Pat. 476—1910. Eichengrun, A. French Pat.—412,797 Issued—Jan. 20, 1910 Cellulose acetate may be dissolved in a mixture of methyl alcohol and benzene, in neither of which alone it is soluble. 202 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER Type Formula: Cellulose acetate .......... 1 kilo Methyl alcohol’ .........4. 2 kilos ‘Toluené: i925.) 2 ake 1 kilo Methyl acetanilin ......... 150 gms. Epichlorhydrin).o.05,00es 100 gms. Optional Constituents:—Ethyl toluene- sulfonate, trichloraniline, benzene, ace- tone, glacial acetic acid. See also British Patent 1,441—1910. Eichengrun, A, Addition to E.P.—412,797 Issued—Jan. 20, 1910 Solutions of cellulose acetate de- scribed in the principal patent are utilized for coating paper, fabrics, leather, metals, and other materials. See E.P.—18,076—1910. Eichengrun, A. Fr, Pat.—412,799 Alcohol and hydrocarbons when heated are solvents for acetyl cellulose. Merckens, W. & Manissadjian, H. B. Fr, Pat.—413,657 Issued—March 16, 1910 Cellulose acetate is transformed into a noninflammable plastic material by combining it with phosphoric or sul- furic esters of phenols, cresols or naphthols or their derivatives. The product is worked up exactly like cel- luoid, a solvent being added to assist the incorporation of the materials if necessary. Type Formula: Cellulose acetate ........... Phenyl phosphate .......... Chloroform—sufficient Optional Constituents:—Glacial acid, acetone. acetic Merckens, W. and Manissadjian, H. B. Filed—March 16, 1910 F.P.—413,658 Issued—May 31, 1910 Motion picture films are rendered non-inflammable by the use of ethers or sulfethers of phenols, cresol, naph- thol, or derivatives of these last products. Eichengrun, A. F.P.—413,901 Issued—March 21, 1910 See E.P. 4,959—1910. Merckens, W. & Manissadjian, H. B. Fr. Pat.—414,679 Issued—April 9, 1910 In preparing celluloid substitutes ac- cording to French Patent 413,657 there is a difficulty in obtaining concentrated solutions of cellulose acetate. It is now proposed to substitute for the acetate, mixed esters of cellulose, de- rived from cellulose acetate, which can be dissolved in acetone, giving solutions up to 75% strength. These esters are combined with the esters of phenols, cresols, or naphthols as _ previously described. See Eng. Pat. 8,646—1910, Aust. Pat. 47,244, Aust. Pat. 53,409, French Pat. 413,658, Swiss Pat. 51,644. Merckens, W. & Manissadjian, H. B. Fr. Pat—414,680 Solvents for acetyl cellulose: The ethers and sulpho ethers of the phenols, cresols, etc. Lindsay, W. G. ~ Fr, Pat.—415,517 Issued—May 4, 1910 Plastic mass prepared by mixing acetyl cellulose, triphenyl phosphate and a solvent such as acetone. Type Formula: Triphenyl phosphate . Acetyl cellulose ........ ... 10 20 parts 100 parts Lindsay, W. G. Fr, Pat.—415,518 Issued—May 4, 1910 Urea added to acetyl cellulose com- position imparts strength and perma- nence to products. Type Formula: Urea. .. «..s4 eee Acetyl cellulose ........... 100 parts Optional Constituents:—Triphenyl phos- phate. Rampinchini, F. French Patent—415,945 Issued—May 13, 1910 See also Eng. Pat. 14,586—1910. es FRENCH PATENTS Hesse, A. Applied—April 10, 1910 Fr. Pat.—416,806 Issued—Aug. 16, 1910 The utilization of alkyl or aralkyl esters of phthalic acid or mixtures of this ester as solvents—especially for resins, oils, etc. Lindsay, W. G. Filed—June 7, 1910 F.P.—416,843 Issued—Aug. 17, 1910 USP. 1,233,374, USP. E.P. 13,692—1910. 1,292,819, Farbwerke Bayer Fr, Pat—417,027 Solutions of acetyl cellulose are used as a sizing. Farbwerke Bayer Fr. Pat.—417,250 One obtains at room temperature an almost liquid mass when dichlorhydrin, triacetin or liquid solvents are added to cellulose acetate. Pentachlorethane and alcohol are solvents for acetyl cellulose. Walker, H. Fr. Pat—417,319 Issued—1910 The dissolving capacity of acetylene tetrachloride for cellulose esters is increased by the addition of methyl or ethyl alcohol to the mixture. Farben. F. Bayer & Co. Fr. Pat.—418,309 Issued—July 16, 1910 See English Patent 16,932 of 1910. See also Eng. Pat. 4,364—1910, Eng. Pat. 16,932—1910. Debauge & Cie Fr. PAt.—418,347 Issued—Sept. 24, 1909 Cellulose acetate is dissolved in tetrachlorethane and pyridine. The latter, though indifferent as solvent, neutralizes any acetic acid formed from the cellulose acetate. The viscosity is increased by addition of hexachlo- rethane or of aldehydes of the terpene series. 203 Debauge Et Cie Ist Addition to Fr. Pat.—418,347 Issued—Dec, 23, 1911 Cellulose acetate and _hexachlo- rethane are associated in approxi- mately equal parts for the formation of a plastic material, the absorption of the hexachlorethane by the cellulose acetate being produced by a common solvent such as tetrachlorethane. Optional Constituents:—Alcohol, tone, mixtures of above. ace- Fichengriin, A. Fr. Pat. 418,744 Issued—July 28, 1910 See English Patent 18,189 of 1910. See U. S. Patent 1,185,074. Cellulose acetate is incorporated with loading materials (inert powders) and softening agents, to produce a hard and strong material. Type Formula: Cellulose’ acetate: ....4...4.. 1 kg. Methyl acetanilid 0 is.4-..3. 200 g. HAD Vile lactate.s* ety cce eo ee 300 g. IMEOhOLy Ree. ee Sk 1 kg. Benzene. ... 1 kg. Chloral hydrate ........... 8 kg. Water Ale eee 10 liters Dittmar, H. D.R.P.—266,384 Issued—Aug. 15, 1911 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER Balloon fabrics are impregnated with a solution of celluloid in amyl acetate with the addition of castor oil and wax. Intern. Celluloseester-Ges, D.R.P.—266,600 Issued—July 5, 1912 In the manufacturing of cellulose formate solutions the following salts are employed as_ solvents: alkali iodides and bromides, CaCl, NHsNOs, nitrates of the alkaline earths and the metals, CuCh, alkali xanthogenates, aniline salts as well as the alkali salts of the aromatic mono- and poly- sulfonic acids. Koller, G. D.R.P.—266,781 Issued—Feb. 14, 1912 Cellulose esters are treated with trichloroethylene and (or) perchloro- ethylene, in the presence of mono- or poly-hydric phenols. Int. Cellulose Ester Ges. D.R.P.—267,557 Addn. to 266,600 Instead of or in addition to the salts mentioned in original patent, there are used the soluble bichromates. Type Formula: Amm, bichromate solution... 30 kg. Cellulose formate ........... 20 kg. Spath, Carl D.R.P.—267, 992 Celluloid is treated with a mixture of ethyl, or methyl alcohol and ace- tone. Thereby a suitable solution or suspension is obtained for erga: dye or tanning material. Bayer & Co. D.R.P.—268,627 Issued—Nov. 26, 1911 Add. to 267,922 In the manufacture of alcoholic acetyl cellulose solution by dissolving acetyl cellulose in the presence of ZnCl. or thiocyanates, in alcohol the ZnCl. and the thiocyanates may be replaced by stannic chloride or anti- mony tri chloride. GERMAN PATENTS Type Formula: Acetyl cellulose ........... 10 parts Stannic chloride ........... 40 parts SE to a 60 parts Badische Anilin und Soda Fabrik DRiP—272,391 Issued—Sept. 12, 1912 See British patent 21,368—1912, C. - A. 8, 83; U.S. Pat. 1,166,790, Ger. Pat. 263,404, Eng. Pat. 23,544—of 1912. Tronel, J. D.R.P.—273,498 Issued—May 21, 1912 A lacquer for aluminium, consisting of a solution of nitrocellulose, cellu- loid, fatty acids and gum-like sub- stances produced by the transforma- tion of lactic acid in presence of organic and inorganic salts. Knoll & Co. D.R.P.—276,013 Issued—Noy. 14, 1912 An aromatic acid, ester or ether which does not dissolve or decompose acetyl cellulose (phthalic acid) is added to a solution of acetyl cellulose in acetic acid. From this a plastic mass may be obtained. Optional Constituents:—Ethyl benzoate, methyl benzoate, beta-naphthyl ben- zoate, benzyl chloride, anisol, dye- stuffs. Ago-Lederkitt-Ind.-Ges D.R.P.—276,661 Issued—Feb. 16, 1912 A celluloid solution as an adhesive consists of a solution of celluloid in acetone with added oxalic acid or other solid organic acid. Type Formula: a a er 100 kg 0s REE 20- 30 kg. ys Ma rr 5- 2 kg. Optional Constituents:—Citric acid, tar- | taric acid. Bohmer, L. D.R.P.—277,490 Issued—July 4, 1913 In preparing paper for making arti- ficial flowers, the paper is saturated, 231 before dyeing with a collodion-glycerol mixture, diluted with alcohol. Internationale Cellulosester Gesell. D.R.P.—277,529 Issued—Sept. 3, 1914 The use of resorcin diacetate as an ingredient in cellulose acetate films is claimed, Lender, R. Applied—Feb. 8, 1913 D.R.P—277,605 Issued—Aug. 19, 1914 A lacquer comprising polymerized coumaron and indene (heated with sulfur) dissolved in naphtha is de- scribed. Strauss, R. D:-R.P 279/127 Issued—Jan. 29, 1913 Furniture polish consisting of gloss- clear celluloid, acetone and alcohol. Type Formula: Cet irr lech REE eae ss 25. parts OBLONG Ee odin. caters & 110 parts Alcohol a ae 08 3 £4 feo 890 parts Optional Constituents:—Aniline colors. Belnisch, H. D.R.P.—279,638 Issued—April 17, 1913 A varnish for school desks contains as a binder a liquid which is prepared by the separate solution of oils or fats and of acetyl cellulose in suitable volatile solvents, and the combination of the two solutions with heating and pressure, Type Formula: CUE SEIE TGR om ee 33 kg. AIOGION cca ahaa ale» 1 kg. Dena Se, en tees Veron ke: Acetyl cellulose in al- CO eoe ly er aire he lto 5 kg. Optional Constituents:—Pigments, pow- dered stone or wood. Chem. Fabrik Buckau, Abt. Dubois & Kaufmann D.R.P.—280,376 Issued—July 31, 1913 Manufacture of varnishes from nitrocellulose or resins dependent upon 232 the observation that the neutral alkyl carbonates are good solvents for resins, and especially for nitrocelluloses. Badische Anilin und Soda Fabrik D.R.P.—281,225 Issued—Nov. 29, 1913 The acyl compounds of completely hydrogenated aromatic amines possess an exceptional softening and solvent power for nitrocellulose and the like. Type Formula: Acetylidicyclohexylamine 35 parts Nitrocellulose ............ 100 parts Alcohol Zapon-Lack-Ges M. B. H. D.R.P.—281,265 Issued—April 22, 1913 Manufacturing varnishes from cellu- lose derivatives by dissolving cellulose derivatives in MeOH, acetone oil, ketones or the like, after first adding polymerization products of cumarone or indene or both of these. The re- sulting varnish is oily, lustrous, dries uniformly, is very elastic, and is stable in air and light. Type Formula: MeQU so ue wen i eee 100 g Cumaroneé fésin. aves ee ee 10 g Benzgol 2. sia ae eee 350 g Colodian’ = 62.03 ance ene 30 g Acetone: oll. s, 2. eee 5g Alcohol. cic .cnccs seen 400 g Kevones~. SoG, « care 100 g Optional Constituents:—Fusel oil, tetra- chlorethane, acetone. See also U.S.P. 1,185,514, Fr. Pat. 471,104. Chem, Fabrik. Griesheim-Elektron D.R.P.—281,373 Issued—Noy. 26, 1912 In the manufacture of zapon var- nishes, amyl acetate may be replaced by the much cheaper ethylidene com- pounds of aliphatic acids. Type Formula: Nitrocellulose 7... is) enaeee Ethylidene acetate 100 parts Optional Constitwents:—Camphor, ethy- lidene diacetate. cere eee A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER Bayer & Co. D.R.P.—281,374 Issued—Nov. 24, 1911 Addn. to D.R.P. 256,922 Alcoholic solutions of zine chloride or thiocyanates need not be employed, as specified in the principal patent. Type Formula: Acetyl cellulose ........... 5 parts Zinc chlorid@ig ise 6. eee 70 parts Water -3. 450. ae 40 parts Optional Constituents:—Triacetin, dyes, stannic chloride, antimony chloride, alcohol. Badische Anilin und Soda Fabrik D.R.P.—284,672 Issued—Jan. 16, 1914 Cyclohexanone and its homologues may be employed to advantage as sol- vents in the manufacture of varnishes of nitrocellulose. Type Formula: Cellulose acetate Cyclohexanone 50 parts Optional Constituents:—Acetone, tolu- ene. See also Brit. Pat. 14,042—of 1914. Eichengrun, A. D.R.P.—287,745 Issued—Nov. 27, 1910 Gelatinized and_ easily worked masses can be obtained also from cellulose hydroacetates in the presence of such small amounts of a camphor substitute as methyl acetanilid. Type Formula: ceeereeereeee Acetyl cellulose ...73assaes 10 kg. Methyl acetanilid ........... 4 kg. Methyl. aleohol"s)....003eeee 6.5 kg. Chem. Fabrik Von Heyden Akt.-Ges. D.R.P.—288,267 Issued—April 28, 1914 As solvents are employed the alkyl or alkylidene ethers of chlorohydrin, alone or in admixture with other sol- vents or softening agents, or with agents which do not dissolve cellulose. Optional Constituents:—Methyl or ethyl chlorohydrin, methylene or ethylidene chlorohydrin. E. I. du Pont de Nemours D.R.P.—292,951 Issued—Oct. 12, 1912 GERMAN PATENTS See French Patent 449,606. See also U.S.P. 1,082,573, Eng. Pat. 22,623—1912, Swiss Pat. 65,136. Eichengrun, A. Filed—Jan. 10, 1910 D.R.P.—295,764 Issued—Nov. 22, 1910 See US.P. 1,357,447. Westfalisch-Anhaltische A. G. D.R.P.—296,591 Issued—March 16, 1913 In order to increase the stability and plasticity of smokeless powder, anilides of organic acids are added in which the imide hydrogen is replaced by an iodide, with the exception of ethyl or methyl acetanilid. Sprengstoff— Knoll und Co. D.R.P.—298,806 Issued—March 14, 1916 Cellulose acetate mixtures contain- ing resorcinol monoacetate (m.p. 50° C.) can be molded when heated and maintain their shape on coating. Chem. Fabr. Von Heyden D.R.P.—302,460 Issued—July 17, 1917 In manufacture of nitrocellulose powders there is used as substitute for acetone, furfural alone or mixed with methanol, ether, benzene, ethyl for- mate, ethyl acetate, or chloroform. Verein F. Chem. Industrie D.R.P.—303,018 Issued—Nov. 7, 1912 Cellulose acetate is incorporated with triphenyl phosphate to form a homogeneous mass, which melts under the action of heat and falls away with- out bursting into flame. Redlich, F. D.R.P.—304,224 Issued—Feb, 14, 1917 Cellulose esters are incorporated with the neutral ester of a di- or poly- basic organic acid of the aliphatic or aromatic series with the aid of a volatile solvent. 233 Type Formula: Cellulose acetate .......... 12 kilos Diethyl tartrate... deotre «2 10 kilos Optional Constituents:—Resins, fats, oils. Steimmig, F. D.R.P.—307,075 Issued—March 6, 1917 Furfurol is used as solvent either alone or with other organic solvents in which cellulose acetate is not com- pletely soluble. The solvent action of furfurol is not reduced by the admix- ture of other liquids in which cellu- lose acetate is only partially soluble, e.g. ethyl acetate, methyl alcohol, ethyl chloride, benzene and toluene. Farbenfabr. Bayer D.R.P.—307,125 Issued—May 9, 1917 Camphor substitute: Beta naphthol- amyl ether can be used with cellulose acetate or nitrate and with ethyl, propyl and benzyl cellulose. Gebr. Heyl & Co., A. G. D.R.P.—307,771 Issued—Aug. 14, 1917 Paper fabric is impregnated with mixtures containing wood tar or wood tar oils and cellulose esters, particu- larly in combination with amyl ace- tate. Lehner, A. D.R.P.—308,615 Issued—Nov. 6, 1917 Paper textiles are coated with nitro- cellulose solutions. Linkmeyer, R. Barby & Hoyermann, H. D.R.P.—312,392 Issued—Nov. 17, 1917 Viscous solutions are treated with substances which contain amide or imide groups or are capable of form- ing such groups. Suitable substances are urea, derivatives of urea, cyanim- ide, dicyanodiamide, guanidine and its derivatives, acid amides, urethane, cyanates, thiourea, mustard oils, and condensation products of the above substances with aldoses. Such com: pounds act as stabilizers, 234 Vereinigte Coln.-Rottweiler Pulver- fabriken D.RP—314,317 Issued—Aug. 21, 1918 Solutions of nitrocellulose in acetone or other solvents are diluted with water, after which an electrolyte, e.g. alum, is added, and the solutions are then intimately mixed with organic compounds which are insoluble in water and have a slight gelatinizing action of nitrocellulose. Suitable com- pounds are toluol, xylol, aniline, methylaniline, dimethylaniline, carbon tetrachloride, pine needle oil, chloro- form and carbon bisulphide. The re- sultant product may be used in the manufacture of varnishes or lacquers. Vereinigte Coln-Rottweiler Pulverfab- riken D.R.P.—314,318 Issued—June 6, 1918 The boiling solvent is diluted with water, an electrolyte is then added and heating is continued until the nitrocellulose settles out in the form of grains, which can easily be sep- arated from the supernatant liquid. Farbenfabr. Vorm F. Bayer & Co. D.R.P.—317,412 Issued—Oct. 26, 1917 The dimethyl, diethyl, or B-methyl ester of adipic acid may be employed as an adhesive for articles made of cellulose derivatives. Clouth, F. D.R.P.—319,723 Issued—June 12, 1917 A plastic, gumming material con- tains a cellulose ester, such as cellu- lose acetate and anthracene oil with or without the admixture of a substance which forms a homogeneous mixture with anthracene oil, such as triphenyl phosphate, sulfanilid, triacetin, or ethyl lactate, anthracene oil increases the elasticity and waterproof qualities of the product. Farbenfabr. Vorm. F. Bayer & Co. D.R.P.—322,619 Issued—March 29, 1917 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER Diethyl resorcinoldicarbonate, b.p. 298-302° C. is used for increasing the softness and flexibility of articles made from cellulose ethers. Farbenfabr. Vorm F. Bayer & Co. D.R.P.—322,648 Issued—April 21, 1917 B-Naphthol amyl ether, or other esters or ethers of phenols or naphthols are used as adhesives for joining articles made of cellulose derivatives. Chem. Fabr. Von Heyden, A. G. D.R.P.—324,786 Issued—Aug. 29, 1917 Esters of acyl-hydroxy-fatty acids are used in the preparation of lac- quers, etc. The ethyl ester of acetyl- hydroxy-acetic acid yields flexible films with cellulose acetate and nitro- cellulose forms very elastic sheets on treatment with the amyl ester of acetylglycollic acid. Clouth, F. D.R.P.—324,944 Issued—Dec. 18, 1917 Addn. to D.R.P. 319,723 Other high-boiling oils, such as creo- sote oil, are used instead of anthracene oil, as described in chief patent. Ruth, G. & Asser, E. D.R.P.—327,376 Issued—June 138, 1919 For softening cellulose- or spirit-_ varnishes a castor oil substitute con- sisting of an ester of naphthenic acid with glycol or glycerol is added. Bonwitt, G, D.R.P.—331,285 Issued—July 18, 1918 Solvents of high b.p. such as ethyl lactate, acetylene tetrachloride, or furfural, or with mixtures of such sol- vents with others of low b.p., e.g. ethyl lactate and formate, acetylene tetra- chloride and acetone, cyclohexanol and ethyl acetate, or furfural and ether are used as solvents of cellulose esters. See also French Patent 519,536, Eng. Pat. 138,078. F { 2 | 4 GERMAN PATENTS 235 Friesenhahn, P. D.R.P.—334,761 Issued—July 25, 1919 Metallic resinates or linoleates are dissolved in hydrogenized phenols, such as the cyclohexanols or their esters, or in cyclohexanone and _ its homologues, with or without the aid of other solvents. Solutions of resin- ates of aluminium, tin, zinc, manganese and cobalt in cyclohexanyl formate are fine siccatives. Badische Aniline & Soda Fabrik D.R.P —334,871 Issued—Feb. 10, 1914 Addn. to 284,672 Homologues of cyclohexanone such as pure methyl cyclohexanones or mix- tures of isomers prepared respectively from pure or mixed cresols, wholly or partially replace the cyclohexanone used as a solvent in the process de- scribed in the chief patent. Ruth, G. & Asser, E. D.R.P.—334,983 Issued—June 13, 1919 Cellulose esters or their solutions are mixed with esters of naphthenic acid. “Commercial pure” naphthenic acid is a mixture of hydroaromatic carboxylic acids. Farb. Fabr. Vorm. F. Bayer & Co. D.R.P.—336,476 Issued—Feb, 15, 1918 Cellulose ethers and their deriva- tives are mixed with oils or resinous substances obtained by the condensa- tion of halogenated alkyl benzenes, e.g. benzyl chloride, benzylidene chlo- ride, xylyl chloride, or p-xylylene chloride with naphthalene or other constituents of coal tar oil such as phenanthrene, anthracene, the xylenes, toluene, benzene, cymene, solvent naphtha, or derivatives of these. The resulting masses have high insulating power, resistance to penetration, etc. They are suited to manufacture of waterproof materials. Hildesheimer, A. D.R.P.—338,475 Issued—April 9, 1918 Glycol esters of fatty acids of non- drying oils are used together with cel- lulose esters in suitable solvents. The former confer greater flexibility than the corresponding glycerol esters and render the lacquer more proof against cold. Chem. Fabr. Vorm Weiler-Ter Meer D.R.P.—343,162 Issued—July 31, 1919 A mixture of paraldehyde with ether is used as a solvent for nitrocellulose. Chem. Fabr. Vorm. Weiler-Ter Meer D.R.P.—343,182 Issued—July 31, 1919 In preparation of plastic masses formed by treating nitrocellulose with liquid mixture containing acetylated alkylarylamines (and in some _ in- stances other crystalline organic com- pounds) and organic acids, formic acid is specially suitable since it retards the crystallyation of the amide (eg. ethylacetanilid) within the _ plastic mass, diminishes the sensitiveness of the latter to moisture, prevents cloudi- ness caused by the addition of cam- phor, etc., and reduces the quantity of the amide required for gelatiniza- tion of the nitrocellulose. Laffler, R. J. D.R.P.—346,832 Issued—Oct. 16, 1919 The lignoproteins obtained from proteins and sulfite cellulose waste lye are added to solutions of cellulose compounds and the mixture molded prepared and hardened alternatively, one component of the lignoprotein may be added to the cellulose solution and the other to the precipitating bath. Fats, oils, dehydrating agents or filling materials may be added. For patent leather the lignoproteins are dissolved in ammonia. Farb. Fabr. Vorm. F. Bayer & Co. D.R.P.—347,014 Issued—Dec. 14, 1918 Cotton, wool and linen fabrics are waterproofed by impregnation with a solution containing a salt of a cellu- 236 lose-fatty acid compound and then after drying, treating these with a solution containing aluminum formate or other aluminum salt. Suitable cel- lulose compounds are obtained by treating the salt of a halogenated fatty acid (sodium chloracetate) with a metallic compound of cellulose. Chem. Fabr. Greisheim-Elektr. D.R.P.—348,628 Issued—April 22, 1920 Softening agents for use in treating celluloid are prepared by converting either the whole or part of the mix- ture of acid oils from most tars into the corresponding phosphoric acid esters. Chem. Fabr. Griesheim Elektr. D.R.P.—348,629 Issued—April 22, 1920 Softening agents for use in treating celluloid are prepared by converting a mixture of phenols containing 25- 30% of o- or m- cresol into this cor- responding phosphoric acid esters. Bing, L. & Hildesheimer, A. D.R.P.—350,973 Issued—Jan. 17, 1919 Mono- or di-glyceryl esters of non- drying oils such as the monoglyceryl esters of castor-oil or rape oil fatty acids, or the diglyceryl esters of the fatty acids of marine animal oils, are added to solutions of nitrocellulose, for use as lacquers. Ges. F, Verwertung Chem. Prod. D.R.P.—351,103 Issued—Nov. 27, 1919 Plastic masses are prepared from a mixture of a cellulose ester (specially nitro cellulose) and a naphthenic acid. Medicus, F. D.R.P.—351,228 Issued—Dec. 14, 1917 Cinnamic acid esters, e.g. the amyl ester are added to cellulose esters either before or after solution, yield- ing flexible elastic lacquers. Koln-Rottweil, A. G. D.R.P.—352,905 Issued—Nov. 27, 1918 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER Mixtures of benzene with methyl alcohol, to which in certain cases small quantities of gelatinizing agents, such as acetone, amyl acetate, pyridine, and nitrobenzene are added, are used in- stead of the customary benzene- alcohol mixture for dissolving nitro- cellulose. Chem. Fabr. Vorm. Weiler-Ter Meer D.R.P.—353,233 Issued—April 4, 1920 The softness and elasticity of arti- ficial fabrics containing nitrocellulose is increased by working up the nitro- cellulose with the addition of acetals of fatty-aromatic alcohols. Benzyl acetal from acetaldehyde and benzyl alcohol, and xylyl acetal are recom- mended. Chem. Fabr. Vorm. Weiler-Ter Meer D.R.P.—353,234 Issued—April 13, 1920 The softness and elasticity of arti- ficial fabrics containing nitrocellulose is increased by working up the nitro- cellulose with aliphatic aromatic ethers of polyhydric alcohols, e.g. bibenzyl, dixylyl, or dichlorbenxyl ethers of glycol, or the tribenzyl or dibenzyl ether of glycerol. Grimpe, E. D.R.P.—357,484 Issued—Dec. 11, 1919 Celluloid photographic films are steeped in a bath containing water- glass, glycerin and gum arabic, with or without the addition of powdered mica. By this the inflammability of the film is reduced. Farbwerke Vorm. Meister, Lucius & Bruning D.R.P.—364,347 Issued—June 25, 1919 | Paraldehyde is used as a lacquer sol- vent instead of alcohol. It may be used alone or mixed with alcohol, acetaldehyde, acetone or halogenated hydrocarbons. Meister, Lucius & Bruning D.R.P.—366,115 Issued—Dec. 16, 1919 ee ee Ayer GERMAN PATENTS 237 Very pliable films, varnishes and artificial leathers which stand the cold well are obtained by the addition ethylenethiohydrin or its esters. Kalle & Co. D.R.P.—366,116 Issued—Aug. 138, 1918 Substances are added of composition R.SO..R, where R. is an aromatic radicle free from acid groups and R. is an aliphatic radicle. The methyl, ethyl and amyl sulphones of benzene, toluene and xylene and the ethyl] ester of phenylenesulphone acetic acid may be used. Meister, Lucius & Bruning D.R.P.—367,106 Issued—Oct. 3, 1920 Plastic masses containing cellulose esters and cyclohexanol esters of phthalic acid are employed for the manufacture of pliable films and var- nishes. Chem. Fabr. Vorm. Weiler-Ter Meer D.R.P—367,294 Issued—April 14, 1921 The solvent consists of the alkyl esters of unsaturated aliphatic acids, e.g. acrylic and crotonic acids. For example, nitrocellulose is dissolved in benzene, alcohol and ethyl crotonate or iso propyl acetylate. Meister, Lucius & Bruning D.R.P—367,560 Issued—Sept. 18, 1920. In preparation of clear elastic cellu- loid products camphor is replaced by ethylidene diphenol which has a high solvent power for nitrocellulose and cellulose acetate. Rhenania Ver. Chem. Fabr. & Stuer, B. C. D.R.P.—368,476 Issued—July 7, 1918 Acetonitrite, prepared, e.g. catalytic reaction between acetylene and am- monia and subsequent separation of harmful by-products, is used as solvent for cellulose esters. In combination with camphor a celluloid-like mass is obtained. Farbwerke Vorm. Meister, Lucius & Bruning D.R.P.—369,445 Issued—March 27, 1920 D.R.P.—369,446 Issued—June 31, 1920 Addn. to D.R.P. 366,115 The condensation products of ali- phatic aldehydes with monoary! ethers of ethylene glycol, or with ethylene thiohydrin, are used as_ plasticizing agents for cellulose esters. Farbwerke Vorm. Meister, Lucius & Bruning D.R.P.—369,536 Issued—Feb. 8, 1921 Addn, to 367,560 Instead of diphenols of ethylidene, its alkyl ethers may be used as plas- ticizers for cellulose esters. Zetter, A. Applied—Dec. 9, 1921 D.R.P.—372,856 Issued—Aug. 31, 1923 Lacquers containing pyroxylin, al- cohol or other solvents, castor oil, and aniline dyestuffs, together with pure aluminum powder, which, unlike pow- dered mixtures of metals, does not cause coagulation of the solution and turbidity in the dry product. Meister, Lucius & Bruning D.R.P.—374,322 Issued—June 30, 1921 Cellulose derivatives are treated with the esters of aryloxy acetic acids or their halogen substituted deriva- tives and cyclohexanol or its deriva- tives. The cyclohexyl esters of phenoxyacetic acid and 2. 4. 6. trich- lorophenoxyacetic acid are used. Reitstotter, J. D.R.P—375,274 Issued—June 24, 1921 A solution of a cellulose ester in an organic solvent is applied to the article to be coated, and the latter is then treated with water, an aqueous solution of an acid being added to effect a preparation of the cellulose. By using amyl alcohol, patterns in relief are obtained. 238 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER Pollak, F. D.R.P.—375,640 Issued—Nov. 21, 1919 Acetone soluble cellulose acetate 1s treated at a moderate temperature with mixtures of alcohols and alde- hyde, preferably formaldehyde. Farb. Fabr. Vorm Bayer & Co. D.R.P.—379,343 Issued—Oct. 30, 1921 Plastic masses having high perma- nent pliability, etc., are prepared from cellulose esters and the condensation product obtained by the reaction be- tween equimolecular quantities of for- maldehyde and ethyl aceto acetate. Byk-Guldenwerke Chem. Fabr. A-G D.R.P.—381, 413 Issued—Jan. 24, 1913 Nitrocallulose or the like is dis- solved in ethyl glycollate and the solution diluted with a liquid hydro- carbon, preferably an aromatic hydro- carbon, such as xylene. Lacquers are in this way obtained yielding a smooth, glossy surface. Farbenfabr. Vorm. F. Bayer & Co. D.R.P.—383,699 Issued—Aug. 11, 1922 Cellulose acetate containing less than 50% of combined acetic acid is dissolved in mixtures of water and ethylene-chlorhydrin, to which other solvents, softeners, or resins may be added. Clear, non-inflammable solu- tions may be obtained with mixtures of 30-40% of ethylene-chlorhydrin and 70-60% of water. Chem. Fabr. Kalk. A. m. b. H., and H. Oehme D.R.P.—391,667 Issued—Sept. 18, 1918 6B-Chloroethyl acetate is a good sol- vent for nitrocellulose and cellulose acetate and for various kinds of resins and oils. It is not attacked by water or metals. Racky, G. and Chem. Fabr. Vorm. Weiler-Ter Meer D.R.P.—391,873 Issued—April 12, 1923 Cellulose acetate may be gelatinized by treatment with diacylated amines for the preparation of celluloid-like plastic masses. Suitable substances are diacetylaniline and formylacetyl- o-toluidine. Chemische Fabriken Vorm Weiler-Ter Meer D.R.P.—395,703 Issued—Sept. 16, 1922 As a plasticizer for masses made from cellulose esters one adds the nitrogen alkylated arylide of phenol- oxylacetic acid, like cresolacetic acid ethylanilid. Balle, G. D.R.P.—395,704 Issued—July 31, 1921 Substances having both ester and ether characters such as the alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, aralkyl, and aryl ethers of o, o-dimethylol-p-cresol or esters of aliphatic and aromatic acids and aryl- sulfonic acids are incorporated with cellulose esters in the manufacture of plastic masses. Optional Constituents:—Methoxyl de- rivatives of o, o’-dimethylol-p-cresol, ‘triacetyl-o, o’-dimethylol-p-cresol, di- acetyl-o, o’-dimethylol-p-cresol-p-tolu- enesulfoacid ester. Leysieffer, G, D.R.P.—396,051 Issued—Sept. 28, 1920 One mixes with cellulose derivatives calcium sulfate and such organic and inorganic substances, which have the property of reducing inflammability, like ammonium bromide, phosphoric acid esters. Linden-Lichtenthol, E. Filed—Feb. 24, 1923 D.R.P.—397,919 Issued—Dee. 29, 1924 See English Patent 211,892. Kalle & Co. Akt. Ges. D.R.P.—399,074 Issued—April 25, 1925 Sulfoxide or disulfoxide is recom- mended for increasing the softness and elasticity of cellulose ester or cellu- lose ether masses. GERMAN PATENTS Racky, G. D.R.P.—402,752 Issued—Jan,. 25, 1922 Glyceryl esters containing both aromatic and lower aliphatic car- boxylic acid radicals are suitable gelatinizing agents for cellulose ace- tate. Type Formula: Monobenzoyldiacetylglycerol Nitrogen Corporation Filed—July 2, 1922 D.R.P.—402,753 Issued—Sept. 19, 1924 See E.P. 189,416—1922. See also Can. Pat. 234,322. Badische Anilin und Soda Fabrik D.R.P.—404,024 ‘ Filed—Oct. 10, 1922 Issued—Oct. 16, 1924 Condensation products of urea or urea derivatives with formaldehyde are used with cellulose esters, artificial or natural resins, softening agents like camphor or camphor derivatives, and a suitable solvent mixture for the preparation of lacquers, films, etc. Chemische Fabrik Schwalbach Akt.- Ges. Filed—June 24, 1923 D.R.P.—405,025 Issued—Oct. 23, 1924 A celluloid lacquer, especially for lacquering flasks is prepared by the addition of aluminium powder or mica to a celluloid solution. Tetralin, G. m. b. H. Filed—May 14, 1921 D.R.P.—406,013 Issued—Nov. 138, 1924 The adipic acid ester of cyclo- hexanol is used as a Cellulose ester plasticizer. Farbenfabriken Vorm F. Bayer & Co. D.R.P—406,426 Issued—Jan. 30, 1923 Addn. to 383,699 Acetyl cellulose is dissolved with a small amount of 56% acetic acid in a mixture of monochlorhydrin§ and 239 water. One part of monochlorhydrin can be replaced by ethylenchlorhydrin. Badische Anilin und Soda Fabrik D.R.P.—406,924 Issued—April 14, 1923 As a solvent for cellulose esters one may use the ester obtained by the hydrogenation of ketone oils contain- ing alcohol, mixed with high boiling solvents like cyclohexanol, cyclo- hexanol-acetate. Ott, K., Schaffganz, K. Filed—December 13, 1923 German Pat.—412,884 Issued—May 1, 1925 Assigned to Chem. Fabr. vorm. Weiler- ter Meer. In the preparation of plastic masses from cellulose esters, the latter are mixed with an alkyl ester, preferably the amyl ester, of o-cyanocinnamic acid obtained by the action of sul- phonic chlorides on alpha-nitroso- beta-naphthol in the presence of alkali. Leopold, R., Michael, A. Filed—February 2, 1924 German Pat—419,223 Solvents for cellulose esters consist of cycloacetals either alone or mixed with additional substances, especially alcohols. Examples are: ethylene ethylidene ether, ethylene butylidene ether, acetal of 1:3 butylene glycol. Meyer, E., Claasen, W. Filed—July 23, 1924 German Pat.—433,656 addn. to G. P.—428,058 Cellulose derivatives and rubber or a rubber-like material are used with tetrahydronaphtholacetate, and with or without the addition of other solvents, etc., as an impregnating material for paper, fabrics, wood, ete. Schmidt, M. P., Voss, J. Assigned to Kalle & Co. A.-G. German Pat.—434,640 Filed—August 5, 1923 Plasticizing effects are obtained by 240 adding to cellulose esters, ethers or thioethers of esters of glycollie acids or their homologs with higher alcohols, e.g. diamyldiglycollate or thiodiglycol- late, or the corresponding cyclohexanol esters. . G. Farbenind. A. G. Filed—October 26, 1926 German Pat.—438,849 Phenoxyacetarylides alkylated at the nitrogen atom, such as cresoxyethyl- acetanilid, are recommended as plas- ticizers. A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER Rosenthal, L. Assigned to I. G. Farbenind. A. G. German Pat.—439,009 Addn. to G.P.—383,699 Filed—January 30, 1924 Cellulose acetate containing more than 50% of acetic acid 1s dissolved in a mixture of ethylenechlorhydrin or monochlorhydrin with water, the total water content, inclusive of that in the cellulose acetate, not exceeding 50% of the amount of chlorhydrin present. The resulting composition is used as a varnish. AUSTRIAN PATENTS Girzik, E. Aust. Pat —3034/13 Issued—April 10, 1913 In a process of waterproofing articles by impregnation with solutions of cel- lulose compounds and castor oil, stearic acid is added with a view to removing the adhesive properties (?), and increasing the water-resistance of the impregnation. Zuhl and Eisemann Aust. P.—6545 Issued—Oct. 1, 1901 See Eng. Pat. 11,751—1900, D.R.P. 118,052. Goldscheider, A. Aust. P.—7052 A plastic mass is obtained by mix- ing together Japan lacquer, ether, 90% methyl acetate and gun-cotton. Color- ing matter may be added. Zuhl and Eisemann Aust. Pat—9557 Issued—July 1, 1902 See U.S.P. 700,885, D.R.P. 128,120. Deutsche Celluloid Fabrik Aust. Pat—11,376 Issued—Dec. 1, 1902 See Eng. Pat. 12,863—1901, D.R.P. 133,371; Zuhl and Eisemann Aust. Pat.—13,838 Issued—Jan. 19, 1903 Addition to Aust. Pat. 9557, Pat. 4883—1902, Eng. Pat. 1902, See also French Pat. 309,962. Eng. 23 ,445— Hale, J. Aust. Pat.—17,684 Issued—Sept. 20, 1887 See also U.S.P. 471,422, Eng. Pat. 241 5586—1887, Eng. Pat. 5791—1887, Fr. Pat. 184,548—1887. Kraemer and Von Elsberg Co., Ltd. Aust. Pat—25,570 Issued—May 1, 1906 A lacquer of the composition indi- cated below. Collodion wool ........ 100 parts Ale GiGi Ot eae Soe 450 parts VAGBLONGS 05% cco ees 350 parts ri bea Wa ae Rr a Aa 250-350 parts Diehlorbvdtinw ss 2ks.. 50 parts Claessen, C. Aust. Pat.—27,060 Issued—Sept. 1, 1906 Urea substitutes such as diphenyl urea, diethyldiphenyl urea and tetra- phenyl are recommended for use as camphor substitutes. Bonnaud, J. B. G. Aust. P.—27,202 Issued—1906 Nitrocellulose solution is mixed with a cooled-off solution of copal resin im castor oil to which lead acetate, lith- arge and zinc vitroil has been added. Lilienfeld, L. Aust. Pat.—28,298 Issued—Dec. 1, 1906 See D.R.P. 169,782. Lederer, L. Aust. P.—29,219 See D.R.P. 175,379. Badische Anilin and Soda Fabrik Aust. P.—32,175 Issued—Oct. 15, 1907 See D.R.P. 176,474. Lederer, L. Aust. P.—34,908 Issued—June 5, 1908 See U.S. Patent 1,195,040. 242 Lederer, L. Aust. P.—42,440 Issued—Jan. 15, 1910 See Eng. Pat. 11,625—1909, French Pat. 402,072. A. Ludwig and Co. Aust. P.—45,239 Issued—July 15, 1910 A bronzing fluid composed of nitro- cellulose, amyl acetate, acetone and metal powders. Farbenfabr. Vorm. F. Bayer & Co. Aust. Pat.—46,991 Issued—March 27, 1911 See Eng. Pat. 14,364—1910. See Swiss Pat. 52,488. Merckens, W. & Manissadjian, H. B. Aust. P.—47,244 Issued—Nov. 15, 1910 See Brit. P. 8646—1910. See Brit. P. 8647—1910. See F. P. 414,679. Merckens, W. & Manissadjian, H. B. Aust. P._—47,679 Films, plastic masses, etc., are pre- pared by treating cellulose acetate with phenol, cresol, or naphthol esters, or thio esters. EFichengrun, A. Aust. P.—47,890 See Ger. P. 238,348. Fichengrun, A. Aust. P.—47,899 Issued—July 1, 1910 See U.S. Pat. 1,015,156. See Swiss Pat. 51,952. Mijnssen, Carl Aust. Pat.—50,656 Issued—Noy. 11, 1911 See U.S.P. 1,005,454. Meyer, Felix Aust. P.—51,094 Acetyl cellulose is dissolved with camphor or camphor substitutes and then precipitated by means of a miscible solvent. A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER Wohl, A. Aust. P.—53,099 Issued—Dec. 15, 1911 A viscous solution of cellulose ace- tate is obtained by the use of methyl or ethyl formate, together with other solvents, if desired. See Fr. Pat. 425,900, D.R.P. 246,657. Merckens, W. & Manissadjian, H. B. Aust. P.—53,109 Issued—Sept. 15, 1911 Non-inflammable photographie films are prepared from cellulose esters and esters or thioesters of phenols, cresol, or naphthols, or their derivatives. See also Aust. Pat. 47,244, Eng. Pat. 8646—1910, Fr. Pat. 414,679, Fr. Pat. 413,658, Sw. Pat. 51,644. Ver. Glanzstoffabriken, A. G. Aust. P.—54,512 See F.P. 423,774 of 1910. See Brit. P. 29,246 of 1910. See D.R.P. 249,535. Wagishauser, K. Aust. P.—56,488 Issued—June 15, 1912 A lacquer composed of nitrocellu- lose, chlorethyl, or methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, benzol, castor oil, metal bronze, and a dye, is recommended for use in coating tinfoil capsules. Koller, G. Aust. P.—59,580 Issued—1910 See P. F.—440,143 . See also Eng. Pat. 4744—1911. Labbe, L. L. T. Aust. Pat.—57,706 Issued—May 30, 1911 Celluloid is rendered incombustible by the use of casein or gelatin. Lilienfeld, L. Aust. Pat.—61,055 Issued—May 1, 1913 See U. S. Pat. 1,140,174. Eng. Pat. 28,210—1912. Fr. Pat. 456,261. Beatty, W. A. Aust. Pat.—63,966 Issued—Oct. 11, 1912 AUSTRIAN PATENTS 243 See U. S. Pat. 1,158,960. E. I. Dupont de Nemours Powder Co. See Eng. Pat. 18,499—1913. Aust. P.—72,493 Issued—September 25, 1916 Badische Anilin and Soda Fabrik In the manufacture of plastic, cel- Aust. Pat.—64,393 luloid-like products from _ cellulose Issued—Dec. 1, 1913 esters, such as nitrocellulose, aldols are See U. S. Pat.—1,166,790. used as gelatinizing agents, with or Eng. Pat.—21,368—1912. without the employment of solvents, Eng. Pat.—23,544—1912. and with the addition of one or more D.R.P.—263,404. other gelatinizing agents, such as cam- Swiss Pat.—64,710. phor. Fr. Pat.—459,006. : Actien Gesellschaft f. Anilin Fabrika- Austerweil, G. tion Aust. P.—78,982 Aust. Pat —69,916 Acetyl cellulose is dissolved in ethyl Issued—Noy. 1, 1914 ester of glycollic acid or acetyl glycol- Nitrocellulose solutions are obtained lic acid, alone or with other organic _ with chlorine derivatives of ethylene. liquids, Type Formula: Nitrocellulose ix) .i. isn 0. 1 part Trichlorethylene .......... 10 parts Pfiffner, E., Eschinglek, M. IGP ROGRtEL 22). Aldisls das 2 parts Filed—November 15, 1924 DOR COR Be tis iy 5 8 ss 1 part Austrian Pat.—99,665 See also Eng. Pat. 17,953—1913. See Eng. Pat—231,161. Swiss PATENTS Schlitter, G. Swiss Pat.—47,559 Issued—March 31, 1909 Nitrocellulose is dissolved in a sol- vent mixture composed of methanol, benzol, and ethyl alcohol. Castor oil and zine white or bronze powder may be added to the mixture. Farb. Fabr. Vorm. Bayer & Co. Swiss Pat.—48,975 A lacquer for leather, golf balls, etc. To an acetyl cellulose solution there are added finely divided metal powder and a pigment carrier or coloring mat- ter, Merckens, W. & Manissadjian, H. B. Swiss Pat.—51,644 Issued—March 14, 1910 Celluloid like masses are rendered noninflammable by the use of phenol esters. See also French Pat. 413,658. French Pat. 414,679. Eng. Pat. 8646—1910. Aust. Pat. 47,244. Aust. Pat. 53,109. Eichengrun, A. Swiss Pat.—51,952 Issued—January 10, 1910 See U.S. Pat. 1,015,156. Aust. Pat. 47,899. Eichengrun, A. Swiss Pat—52,115 Issued—January 10, 1910 Cellulose acetate is dissolved in ace- tone or acetic ester or mixtures of these, in the preparation of celluloid like plastic masses. Optional Constituents:—Methanol, to- luol, ethyl acetanilid, epichlorhydrin, benzol, creosote, toluol sulfonic acid ethyl ester, acetylene tetrachloride, toluol sulfonamid. Farbenfabriken v. F. Bayer & Co. Swiss Pat.—52,273 Issued—July 16, 1910 See Eng. Pat. 16,932—1910. See also French Pat. 418,309. Farbenfabriken v. F. Bayer & Co. Swiss Pat.—52,438 Issued—June 16, 1910 See Eng. Pat. 14,364—1910. See also Aust. Pat. 46,991. Kohler, J. R. Filed—January 30, 1920 Swiss Pat.—53,760 Issued—February 14, 1923 A lacquer is prepared by dissolving a mixture of oxidized amorphous resin acid with cellulose ester, celluloid, etc., in ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, acetone, etc. Medveczky, S. de Swiss P—58,686 See F. P. 436,245. See E. P. 27,283 of 1911. See Ger. P. 239,773. Badische Anilin and Soda Fabrik Swiss Pat.—59,164 Issued—March 1, 1912 See U.S.P.—1,045,895. Eng. Pat. 3869—1912. D.R.P, 251.851 Carls, H. & Ebert, C. L. Swiss Pat—60,988 Issued—June 5, 1912 An adhesive of the composition indi- cated below. Type Formula: Celluloid: wéi.¥s 8s eva 5 parts Alcohol : /..4533s30 eee 4 parts Gum ‘mastid :asen eee 1 part Acetic acid” (0. ue.eis eee 90 parts Badische Anilin and Soda Fabrik Swiss Pat—é61,611 Issued—March 1, 1912 244 SWISS PATENTS Esters of cyclopentanols, such as beta-methyl cyclopentanol acetate, are recommended for use as solvents for nitrocellulose. Addition to Sw. Pat. 59,164. See also U.S.P.—1,045,895. English Pat. 3869—1912. D.R.P. 255,692. Compagnie Gen. de Phon, Cinemato-et Appareils de Precision Swiss P.—61,929 Issued—June 1, 1912 A flexible compound for the manu- facture of cinematograph films is pre- pared from a solution of a cellulose ester, such as acetyl cellulose, in an ether oxide of glycerol, such as CH.OR 0 ee a CH-O or CHO FO | A CH. / CH, / Dupont de Nemours Powder Co., E. I. Swiss P.—63,136 For gelatinizing of nitrocellulose, use is made of an aldehyde alcohol, for instance acetaldol. See F. P. 449,606. See E.P. 22,623 of 1912. DAP. 202,951: US.P.—1,082,573. Dupont de Nemours Co., E. I. Swiss P.—63,137 See E.P—22,622 of 1912. See also U.S.P.—1,234,921. Dreyfus, H. Swiss P.—63,584 Nitrocellulose is dissolved in tetra- chlorethane, or one may use a mix- ture of trichlorethane and alcohol in presence of other derivatives of chlori- nated acetylene or a mixture of tetra- chlorethane and pentachlorethane. Dreyfus, H. Swiss Patent—63,585 Issued—September 25, 1911 A process of manufacturing a sub- stitute for celluloid by treating at least 1 cellulose ester with at least 1 phe- nol ether not containing free phenol 245 hydroxyl and not reacting with the cellulose ester employed. Badische Anilin und Soda Fabrik Swiss Pat.—64,710 Issued—June 12, 1913 See US. Pat. 1,166,790. D.R.P.—263,404. Eng. Pat. 23,544—1912. Aust. Pat—64,393. Dreyfus, H. Swiss P.—65,057 As camphor substitute there is used aromatic alcohol: benzyl alcohol, o-, m- or p-chlor benzyl alcohol, or mix- tures of these. Nobel’s Explosives Co., Ltd. Swiss Pat—65,138 Issued—July 4, 1913 See U.S. Pat —1,090,644. French Pat. 459,540. Nobel’s Explosives Co., Ltd. Swiss Pat—65,139 Issued—July 4, 1913 See US. Pat. 1,090,642. French Pat. 459,542. Nobel’s Explosives Co., Ltd. Swiss Pat.—65,459, Issued—July 4, 1913. See US. Pat. 1,090,643. French Pat. 459,539. Nobel’s Explosives Co., Ltd. Swiss Pat.—65,925 Issued—July 4, 1913 See US. Pat. 1,090,641. French Pat. 459,541. Actien-Gesellschaft f. Anilin-Fabrik, Swiss Pat.—66,488 Issued—Oct. 31, 1913 Cellulose acetate is dissolved in a mixture of amyl alcohol and tetra- chlorethane. Akt. Ges. f. Anilin Fabrik. Swiss P.—66,509 Nitrocellulose is dissolved in any organic solvent (e.g. amyl acetate or acetone) and in liquid chloro-deriva- tives of hydrocarbons which alone are 246 not solvents, but may be added in great concentration. Type Formula: Nitrocellulose ............. 1 part Amyl acetate ...ccsssscess 2 parts Trichlorethylene ........... 10 parts Acetone . Cok aah foie ake 1 part Optional Constitwents:—Dichlorethyl- ene, trichlorethylene, tetrachlorethane, pentachlorethane. Chem. Werke, H. Byk. Swiss P.—66,510 Organic cellulose esters are very soluble in lactic acid esters. Large concentrations of resins, camphor and its substitutes may be added. Type Formula: Acetyl cellulose ........... 10 parts Ethyl lactate ..03 bakers es 50 parts Benzene 5 sas Vi awe Hanes 30 parts Optional Constituents:—Acetone, copal, sandarac, colophony. Strauss, R. Swiss Pat.—67,591 Issued—January 27, 1914 A composition recommended for use as a furniture polish. Type Formula: Celluloid) ts ctaw Fees 25 parts Acetone .isiscaohen ieee 140 parts Ethyl ‘aleohol- 7.55, ere 90 parts Chem. Werke. H. Byk. Swiss P.—67,708 Add’n to Swiss P. 66,510. Cellulose esters are dissolved in lac- tic acid esters in presence of aromatic hydrocarbons or others. Type Formula: Collodion wool y.c5.603 5. vanes 5 parts Tht atta te ta cae cdes 36 parts MR VlOL Siete petaeeor ae eee 78 parts J. Simon & Durkheim Swiss P.—76,546 Issued—January 2, 1918 Celluloid is softened by treating during or after manufacture with a A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER bath of 1% potassium lactate of sp. gr. 1.45, calculated to the wt. of cellu- loid material. J. Simon & Durkheim Swiss P.—76,547 Issued—January 2, 1918 Celluloid is softened by treating dur- ing or after manufacture in a bath containing 1% glycol of sp. gr. 1.12, caled. to the wt. of the material and then drying. Chem. Fab. Kalk. Gesmit Beschrankter Haftnung and H. Oehme Filed—Sept. 15, 1919 Swiss Pat.—s85,868 Issued—July 16, 1920 Cellulose esters, resins, oils, and the like may be dissolved in £-chlorethyl- acetic ester. Stossel and Company Filed—Nov. 4, 1919 Swiss Pat.—86,853 Issued—Oct. 1, 1920 An adhesive of the following com- position. Type Formula: Celluloid: ..3 <. 3m Baa eee 50% ' Acetone .¢s2+.4aceen eee 30% Bengzine ....:eneseepeeee 20% Plinatus, W. Filed—December 7, 1914 Sw. P.—95,376 Issued—Aug. 1, 1922 Cellulose esters are gelatinized by means of organic esters of polyvalent alcohols. See also Fr. Pat.—581,177. I, G. Farbenind. A. G., Filed—February 18, 1925 Swiss Pat.—115,116 Aqueous suspensions of dyestuffs are mixed with cellulose ester solutions compatible with the water so intro- duced. A typical solvent mixture is acetone, butyl alcohol, cyclohexanol, cyclohexyl acetate, and butyl acetate. JAPANESE PATENTS Nitta, S. Jap. P.—32,242 Issued—February 22, 1918 Nitrated cotton is dissolved in a solvent such as amyl acetate, ethyl acetate, benzene, or nitrobenzene. Kanamori, A. Jap. P.—34,855 Issued—August 16, 1920 In presence of carbide at about 250° C., fatty acids (e.g. acetic acid) and monovalent alcohols (e.g., methanol) react with each other, producing ke- tones (acetone) and esters (methyl acetate), which are used for the sol- vent. In case of amyl alcohol, opera- tion under reduced pressure will give good yields. Inagaki, I, & Otsuka, C. Jap. P.—37,972 Issued—February 3, 1921 A waterproof cloth is prepared as 247 follows: A mixture of 1 part linseed oil, 10% castor oil, 50% oil of turpen- tine and 40% cellulose acetate is mixed with a half quantity of a mix- ture of aqueous solution of gelatin and glue, and ammoniacal solution of casein and then small quantity of dil. alkali to clear the solution. The mix- ture is painted on a cloth and on this an alc. solution of shellac and astrin- gent juice prepared from persimmons is painted and dried. Shishedo, K. & Matsubara, K. Jap. P.—42,553 Issued—May 10, 1922 Dope for aeroplanes. Type Formula: Amy) acetate is .5 veveeexs 100 parts Cel 4 esi casts ce ae 5 parts Alcohol Sol. obtained by treating 750 gms, bird lime with 1 Ibspetheria., tse se 31% parts DutcH PATENT Badisch Anilin und Soda Fabrik. completely hydrat ed chen a Dutch P.—103 cyclopentanols are used as so Issued—January 15, 1914 ‘ Type Formula: ~ “ye In the manufacture of glue from cel- _— Nitrocellulose ...... lulose esters or celluloids, esters of | Cyclohexanol acetate.. 248 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF NITROCELLULOSE [,ACQUER LITERATURE BOOKS . Synthetic Organic Compounds. By S. P. Schotz. Published by Ernest Benn, Ltd. Nitrocellulose Technology (1911), two volumes. By E. C. Worden. Pub- lished by D. Van Nostrand Company. Technology of Cellulose Esters (1921). By E. C. Worden. Published by D. Van Nostrand Company. Chemistry of Paints, Pigments and Varnishes. By J. G. Bearn. 277 pages. Published by D. Van Nostrand Company (1923). Oils, Pigments, Paints, Varnishes, etc. By R. H. Truelove. Published by Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons, Ltd., London. Physical and Chemical Examination of Paints, Varnishes and Colors. By H. A. Gardner. U.S. Paint and Varnish Manuf. Assoc. Practical Directions for the Entire Lacquer and Paint Industry. By L. E. Andres. British Standard of Reference for Aircraft Dope and Protective Covering (Including Specification for Each Ingredient and Method of Application). Pyroxylin Enamels and Lacquers. S. P. Wilson, Published by D. Van Nos- trand Co., New York, 1925. 213 pages. Second Edition (1927). Cellulose Ester Varnishes. F. Sproxton. Published by Ernest Benn, Ltd., London. 178 pages (1925). . Volatile Solvents and Thinners. Noel Heaton. Published by D. Van Nos- trand Co., New York. 158 pages (1926). . Modern Automobile Painting. By M. J. Pearce. . Wood Finishing—Plain and Decorative. By F. N. Vanderwalker. . Farben und Lackindustrie Taschenbuch. By Hans Wolff and W. Schlick. Handbuch der Lack und Firnis-Industrie. By Franz Seligman and Emil Zieke. . Die Fabrikation der Lacke, Firnisse, Buchdrucker-Firnisse und des Siegellackes. By Erwin Andres. BULLETINS . Quick Drying Lacquer Coatings. By H. A. Gardner, U. S. Paint and Varnish Mfrs. Assoc. Cire. No. 65. June, 1919. . Phenomena in Paints and Varnishes Induced by Colloidal Reactions. By H. A. Gardner. U.S. Paint and Varnish Manufacturers Assoc. Cire. No. 200. March, 1924. . Suggestions Regarding Some Pyroxylin Coating Materials. By H. A. Gardner. U. S. Paint and Varnish Manufacturers Assoc. Cire. No. 203. May, 1924. . Some Attempts to Obtain More Durable Automobile Finishes. By H. C. Mougey. U.S. Paint and Varnish Manufacturers Assoc. Cire. No. 207. July, 1924. . Suggestions on a Lacquer Coating Solvent. By H. A. Gardner. U.S. Paint and Varnish Mfrs. Assoc. Cire. No. 209, Aug., 1924. 249 250 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 30. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER Speed of Evaporation of Solvents from Pyroxylin Lacquer Coatings. By H. A. Gardner and H. C. Parks. U.S. Paint and Varnish Mfrs. Assoc. Cire. No. 218, Nov., 1924. . Ethyl Lactate. By H. A. Gardner. U.S. Paint and Varnish Mfrs. Assoc. Cire. No. 225. Jan., 1925. . Accelerated Testing Cabinets. By H. A. Gardner. U. S. Paint and Varnish Mfrs. Assoc. Circ. No. 226 Feb., 1925. . Examination of Pyroxylin Lacquer Coatings. By H. A. Gardner. U. S. Paint and Varnish Manufacturers Assoc. Circ. No. 227. Feb., 1925. A Study of the Hardness of Varnish and Other Films. By H. A. Gardner and H. C. Parks. U.S. Paint and Varnish Manufacturers Assoc. Cire. No. 228. Mar., 1925. The Swinging Beam Method of Testing Varnish Films. By P. H. Walker and L. L. Steele. U. S. Paint and Varnish Manufacturers Assoc. Cire. No. 229. Mar., 1925. Preliminary Comparison of Results on Coatings Exposed to Accelerated Test- ing Cabinets and on Roof. By H. A. Gardner and H. C. Parks. U.S. Paint and Varnish Manufacturers Assoc. Cire. No. 232. April, 1925. Latent Heat of Vaporization of Lacquer Solvents. By H. A. Gardner and H. C. Parks. U.S. Paint and Varnish Manufacturers Assoc. Cire. No. 236. April, 1925. Vapor Pressure of Lacquer Solvents. By H. C. Parks and H. A. Gardner. U. S. Paint and Varnish Manufacturers Assoc. Cire. No. 237. April, 1925. A New Apparatus for Testing Strength and Elasticity of Paint, Varnish and Lacquer Films. By H. A. Gardner, U. S. Paint and Varnish Manufacturers Assoc. Circ. No. 240. June, 1925. Tests for Hardness, Gloss, Color and Leveling of Varnishes. By A. H. Pfund. Published by U.S. Paint and Varnish Manufacturers Assoc. The Abrasion Resistance of Varnishes. By W. C. Arsem. U. S. Paint and Varnish Mfrs. Assoc. Cire. No. 244. Aug., 1925. Bulking Value of Nitrated Cotton in Lacquer, and Spreading Rate of Colored Brushing Lacquers. By H. A. Gardner. U.S. Paint and Varnish Manufac- turers Assoc. Circ. No. 247. Tetralin-Dekalin-Hexalin as Solvents and Thinners. By H. A. Gardner. U.S. Paint and Varnish Mfrs. Assoc. Cire. No. 248 (1925). Physiological Effects of Vapors from a Few Solvents Used in Paints, Varnishes and Lacquers. By H. A. Gardner. U. S. Paint and Varnish Manufacturers Assoc. Cire. No. 250. Oct., 1925. Exposure Tests on Some Quick-Drying Coating Materials. By H. A. Gardner. U.S. Paint and Varnish Manufacturers Assoc. Cire. No. 251., Nov., 1925. Durability of a Colored Lacquer Containing Various Resins. By H. A. Gardner. U.S. Paint and Varnish Manufacturers Assoc. Cire. No. 252. Oct., 1925. Physical Tests on Lacquers. By H. A. Gardner and H. C. Parks. U.S. Paint and Varnish Manufacturers Assoc. Cire. No. 253. Nov., 1925. Synthetic Resins and.Their Use in Varnishes and Lacquers. By H. A. Gardner. U.S. Paint and Varnish Manufacturers Assoc. Cire. No. 261. Feb., 1926. An Apparatus for Determining the Consistency of Paints, Enamels and Pig- mented Lacquers. By H. A. Gardner and H. C. Parks. U. 8S. Paint and Varnish Manufacturers Association. Circ. No. 265. Refractive Index of Lacquer Solvents and Plasticizers. By H. C. Parks and A. W. Van Heuckeroth. U.S. Paint and Varnish Manufacturers Association. Cire. No. 266. Bulking Values of Ingredients Used in Paints, Varnishes, Enamels and Lacquers. By H. A. Gardner. U.S. Paint and Varnish Manufacturers Association. Cire. No. 268. 250 44, 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. dl. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. BIBLIOGRAPHY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 251 Regulations on Lacquer Finishes. U. S. Paint and Varnish Manufacturers Association. Cire. No. 273. Durability of Airplane Doping and Varnishing Systems. By H. A. Gardner. U.S. Paint and Varnish Mfrs. Association. Cire. No. 274. Lacquer Coating for Floors—Lacquer Primer Tests on Exterior Wood and Wicker. By H. A. Gardner. U.S. Paint and Varnish Manufacturers Associa- ° tion. Circ. No. 276. Suggestions are made for the development of exterior lacquers that might prove suitable for use upon wooden surfaces. Durability of Pigmented Lacquers Containing Various Resins. By H. A. Gardner and J. B. Faust. U.S. Paint and Varnish Manufacturers Association. Cire. No. 277. Final exposure results on lacquers containing various gums and plasticizers are given. Physical Properties of Films Prepared from Nitrocellulose of Low Viscosity and the Effects of Concentration upon Mobility. By H. A. Gardner. U.S. Paint and Varnish Manufacturers Association. Cire. No. 284. Tests made on lacquer prepared from one-fifth second cotton are described. Storage and Handling of Inflammable Lacquer Materials. By H. A. Gardner. U. 8. Paint and Varnish Manufacturers Assoc. Cire. No. 285. Also Paint, Oul and Chemical Review, 82, No. 13, p. 10; Latest information on approved methods of handling and storing of lacquer materials. Application of Accelerated Tests to Lacquers. By F. W. Hopkins. U.S. Paint and Varnish Mfrs. Association. Cire. No. 290. A description of the type of apparatus used by the Murphy Varnish Co. for testing lacquer films by means of the ultra violet ray. Laboratory Experiments on Ethylene and Propylene Glycol Ethers. By H. A. Gardner and A. W. Van Heuckeroth. U. 8. Paint and Varnish Mfrs. Assoc. Cire. No. 302. Contains information on odorless brushing lacquers. Laboratory Notes. By H. A. Gardner. U.S. Paint and Varnish Mfrs. Assoc. Circ. No. 306. A number of devices useful in a lacquer or paint laboratory are described. History of Brushing Lacquers. By H. A. Gardner. U.S. Paint and Varnish Mfrs. Assoc. Cir. No. 306. The Measurement of the Gloss of Paints by the Ingersoll Glarimeter. By E. F. Hickson. U.S. Paint and Varnish Mfrs. Assoc. Cire. No. 307. Describes the glarimeter and discusses its applicability to paint and varnish testing. The Hiding Power of White Pigments and Paints. By A. H. Pfund. Research Bulletin, The New Jersey Zinc Company. Some Physical Properties of Paint and Varnish Films. By H. A. Nelson and G. W. Rundle. Research Bulletin, The New Jersey Zinc Company. Zinc as a Paint Pigment. By W.H. Hendricks. Research Bulletin of the New Jersey Zinc Company. A New Thinner for Paints, Varnishes and Lacquers. By P. H. Groggins. U.S. Paint & Varnish Mfrs. Assoc. Circ. No. 311. Discusses the use of paracymene. Notes on Temperature and Humidity Control Cabinets. By H. A. Gardner. U. S. Paint and Varnish Mfrs. Assoc. Cire. No. 310. Summarizes information relating to the type of humidity control cabinets. Ethyl Abietate as a Plasticizer. Anon. U.S. Paint and Varnish Mfrs. Assoc. Circ. No. 318 (1927), p. 489. | Some Exposure Tests on the Durability of Resins and Plasticizers in Lacquers. By H. A. Gardner and Van Heuckeroth. U.S. Paint and Varnish Mfrs. Assoc. Cire. No. 316. Pigments in Nitrocellulose Lacquer Enamels. By Harley A. Nelson and Wayne C. Norris. New Jersey Zinc Company Bulletin, Sept. (1927). 252 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER ARTICLES _ Observations on Cotton and Nitrated Cotton. By H. De Mosenthal. J. Soc. Chem. Ind., 26, 443-50 (1907). . The Viscosity of Cellulose Nitrate Solutions. By F. Baker. J. Chem. Soc., 103, 1654-75 (1913). . Chemistry of Cellulose and Its Important Industrial Applications. By H. 8. Mork. J. Franklin Inst., 184, 353-70 (1917). Airplane Dopes. By G. J. Esselsen, Jr. J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 10, 135-7 (1918). Quick Drying Lacquer Coatings. By H. A. Gardner. Drugs, Oils and Paints, 35, 48 (1919). . Valuation of Pyroxylin Solvents and Leather Solution. By J. R. Lorenz. J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc., 14, 548-66 (1919). . The Action of Light on Colored Brass Lacquers. By H. Smith. J. Soc. Chem. Ind., 20, 1188 (1901). . Dope Poisoning in the Making of Airplanes. By Alice Hamilton. Mo. Rev. Bur. Labor Statistics, 6, 289-316 (1918). . New Materials for the Lacquer Industry. By Hans Wolff. Farben-Ztg. 24, 653-4 (1919). . Zapon and “Cellon” Lacquers and Their Solvents. By F. Zimmer. Farben-Ztg., 23, 331-3 (1918). . The Solubility of Nitrocellulose. By Major D. Goebel. Stepanow. Techn. Sbornik, 17, 73. Celluloid Varnishes. Anon. Paper Zevt., 17, 2, 138. . Silk Effects on Cotton. By A. Chaplet. Rev. gen. chim., 11, 314. . The Viscosity of Nitrocellulose Solutions. By C. Piest. Z. ges. Schitess- Sprengstoffw., 5, 409-13. 968-72. Celluloid and “Zapon” Lacquers. By F. Zimmer. Kunststoffe, 1912, 16. . Preservation of Decayed Papers and Parchments by Treatment with Cellulose Acetate. By A. Martens. Mitt. K. Materialprufungsamt, 29, 57-60 (1911). . Solubility of Nitrocellulose in Ether-Alcohol. By A. Matteoschat. Z. ges. Schiess-Sprengstoffw., 9, 105-6. . Analysis of “Zapon” and Celluloid Lacquers. By F. Zimmer. Kumnststoffe, 3, 323-5. . The Viscosity of Camphor-Alcohol Solutions of Nitrocellulose. By H. Nishida. Kunststoffe, 4, 81-4, 105-8. . Pyroxylin Varnishes. Anon. Brit. J. Phot., thru Pharm. J., 1898, 61 (1483), 504. . Varnish for Waterproofing Paper, Cardboard, Cloth, and also for Painting. By S. de la Grange. Rev. Prod. Chim., 44 (21), 325. . Varnishes and Coatings of Cellulose Acetate. By L. Clement and C. Riviere. Bull. soc. encour. ind. nat., 121, 187-206 (1914). . Solubility of the Nitrocelluloses in Ethyl Aleohol. By H. Schwarz. Caouwtchouc & Gutta-Percha, 124, 3859-60 (1914). . The Production of Celluloid Coatings. Anon. Kunststoffe, 5, 291-2 (1915). . Durable Lacquer for Laboratory Tables. By A. Coblenz. Rad. Gew. u. Handw. Ztg.; Apoth. Ztg., 53, 65 (1915); J. pharm. chim., 13, 81 (1916). . The Toxicity or Health-Injurious Properties of the Newer Lacquer Solvents. By H. Wolff. Farben-Ztg., 23, 1023 (1918). . Solvents for Nitrocellulose. By Andre Dubosc. Caoutchouc & Gutta-Percha, 16, 9716 (1919). . Viscosity of Nitrocellulose Solutions. By C. Piest. Z. angew. Chem., 24, 101. 102. 103. 104. 105. 106. 107. 108. 109. 11¢. 111. 112. 113. 114. 115. 116. 117. BIBLIOGRAPHY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER — 253 . Use of Aniline Colours Dissolved in Collodion. By F. Springmuhl, Dingl. Poly., 205, 277. . Viscosity of Solutions of Nitrocellulose in Mixtures of Acetone and Water. By I. Masson and R. McCall. J. Chem. Soc., 117, 819-23 (1920). . The Viscosity of Solutions of Cellulose. By Wm. H. Gibson and Laura M. Jacobs. J. Chem. Soc., 117, 473-8 (1920). . Artificial Leather and Coated Fabrics. Anon. Chem. and Met. Engr., 23, 487-88 (1920). . Chemistry of Aeronautics. By A. W. Chapman. Chem. Age (London), 2, 438-9 (1920). . Chemistry of Cellulose and Its Compounds from the Colloidal Standpoint. By G. J. Esselen, Jr. Chem. and Met. Engr., 23, 861 (1920). . Cellulose Acetate. By Genton and Berry. Proc. Cambridge Phil. Soc., 20 I, 16-22, Sept. (1920). . Material and Dope for the Planes of Aeroplanes. By A. Fuchs. Chimie et Industrie, 3, 167-72 (1920). . New Synthetic Alcohols and Their Use in the Lacquer Industry. By Walther Schrauth. Farben-Ztg., 26, 647-8 (1920). . Solvent Mediums and the Character of the Lacquer. By Hans Wolff. Farben- Ztg., 25, 668-71 (1920). Stress-Strain Measurements on Films of Drying Oils, Paints and: Varnishes. By H. A. Nelson. Proc. Am. Soc. Testing Materials, 21, 1111-38 (1921). Water Absorbing Properties of Varnishes and Paints. Determining the Dura- bility of Varnishes. By R. S.*Morrell. J. Ow Colour Chem. Assoc., 4, 1380-57 (1921). Solvents for Cellulose Esters. By H. F. Willkie, Chem. and Met. Eng., 25, 1186-88 (1921). European Practice in Cellulose Acetate and Dopes During the War. By Philip Drinker. J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 13, 831 (1921). The Relation of the Chemical Engineer to the Manufacture and Application of Automobile Finishes. By C. D. Holley. Chem. and Met. Eng., 25, 873-6 (1921). The Testing of Varnishes. By Hans Wolff. Farben-Ztg., 26, 1186-7 (1921). The Testing of Varnishes. (1) A Method of Testing Elasticity. By Hans Wolff. Farben-Ztg., 26, 2587-90 (1921). The Testing of Varnishes. (II) Testing the Resistance to Abrasion. By Hans Wolff. Farben-Ztg., 26, 3111-2 (1921). The Testing of Warichtes, ae Hardness Testing. By Hans Wolff. Farben- Ztg., 27, 555-6 (1921). Cellulose Ester Lacquers. By Mehrens. Kunststoffe, 12, 99-100 and 105-6 (1921). Viscosity of Nitrocellulose. By E. C Worden and Leo Rutstein. Kunststoffe., 11, 25-28 (1921). Nitrocellulose Lacquers. R. O. Herzog, A. Hildesheimer and F. Medicus. Z. Angew. Chem., 34, Aufsatzterl, 57-60 (1921). Numerical Tabulation and Comparison of Varnish Tests. By T. A. Findlay. Proc. Amer. Soc. Testing Materials, 22, I, 479-82 (1922). Manufacture of Cellulose Nitrate for Pyroxylin Plastics. By J. R. DuPont. Chem. and Met. Eng., 26, 11-16; 65-70 (1922). Commercial Utilization of Smokeless Powder. Anon. Army Ordnance, 2, 223 (1922). Lacquers, Japans, and Enamels. Anon. Brass World and Platers’ Guide, 18, 66, February, 1922. Accelerated Weathering of Paints on Wood and Metal Surfaces. By H. A. Nelson. Am. Soc. for Testing Materials, 22, Part II, 1922, p. 485. 254 118. 119. 120. 121. 122. 123. 124. 125. 126. 127. 128. 129. 130. 131. 132. 133. 134. 135. 136. 137. 138. 139. 140. 141. 142. 143. 144. 145. A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER Clouding. By J. F. Nonamaker. Brass World and Platers’ Guide, 18, 66 (1922). Testing the Drying of Lacquers, Varnishes, etc. By Hans Wolff. Kunststoffe, 12, 145-7 (1922). Effect of Solvent on the Character of Lacquer Films. By Hans Wolff. Farben-Ztg., 27, 2086-7 (1922). The Evaporation of Volatile Solvents. By Hans Wolff and Ch. Dorn. Farben- Ztg., 28, 31-3 (1922). Fine Industrial Lacquers. By Fr. Zimmer. Z. dent Olfett-Ind., 42, 696-8 (1922). The Correlation of Solvent Power and the Viscosity of Cellulose Ester Solu- - tions. By W. J. Mardles. J. Soc. Chem. Industry, 42, 207-11T (1923). Artificial Resins, Varnishes and Lacquers. By Rex Furness. J. Soc. Chem. Ind., 42, 1000 (1923). Rubber Solvents (Including Lacquers). By Ismar Ginsberg. Rubber Age, 13, 264-5, 260 (1923). | Cellulose Ester Solvents. By E. W. J. Mardles. J. S.C. I., 42, 127-86T (1923). The Solvent Properties of Acetone. R. F. Remler. J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 15, 717-720 (1923). Discussion of Two Essentials Necessary in Building up an Automobile Finish. By J. L. Gates. Automobile Trimmer and Painter, 3, No. 3, p. 52 (1923). Treatise on Lacquer Finishing. By C. Ludwig. Automobile Trimmer and Painter, 3, No. 11, p. 52 (1928). New Product May Solve Body Finishing Problem. By O. H. Briggs, Auto- motive Mfrs., Aug., 1923, p. 12-13. Manufacture of Rubber and Pyroxylin Coated Fabrics Differs Widely. Anon. Automotive Industries, 49, 794-7. October 18 (1923). ; Duco Finish, New DuPont Product. Anon. Automotive Industries, 48, 1125, May 24 (1923). How Qualities of Coated Automobile Fabrics Are Determined. By E. B. Benger and N. M. Nickowitz. Automotive Industries, 49, 1262-6; 1306-8, December 20 and 27, 1923. Lacquer and Lacquering. By H. Zeller. Metal Industry, 21, 444-5 (1923). Exceptional Durability Is Claimed for New Body Finish. By H. A. Chase. Automotive Industries, 49, 158-9 (1923). Labor Costs Halved by Use of Duco in Finishing Oakland Bodies. By W. L. Carver. Automotive Industries, 49, 524-6 (1923). Testing of Varnishes and Paints, Especially the Testing for Durability to Weather. By Hans Wolff. Farben-Zig., 28, 704-5 (1923). Albertol. The Present Condition of the German Artificial Vlastic Industry. By E. Fonrobert. Kunststoffe, 13, 109-22 (1923). Rubber and Its Solvents (Includes Lacquers). By E. O. Rasser. Kunststoffe, 13, 18-20, 31-32, 42-43 (1923). Colored Lacquers and Their Manufacture. By Maurice de Keghel. Kunst- stoffe, 13, 28-30 (1923). Comparative Tests on Shellac Substitutes for Polishes and Gloss Lacquers. By Ewald Fonrobert. Chem.-Ztg., 47, 829-30 (1923). The Lacquering of Sheet Metal. Anon. Farb. u. Lack., Sept. 14, 1922, p. 308. Chimie et Industrie, 10, 126 (1923). Poisoning Symptoms from the Solvents of Airplane Lacquers. By H. W. Van Urk. Pharm. Weekblad., 60, 293-6 (1923). Lacquers Which Resist the Action of Weak Acid Solutions. By Andres Farben-Ztg., 28, 1260-1 (1923). Shellac Substitutes and New Processes in the Wood Industries and Especially in Cabinet Making. Anon. Farb. u. Lack, 1922, p. 369. Chimie et Industrie, 10, 323 (1923). 1 a ge eG a, 146. 147. 148. 149. 150. 151. 152. 153. 154. 155. 156. 157. 158. 159. 160. 161. 162. 163. 164. 165. 166. 167. 168. 169. 170. 171. 172. 173. BIBLIOGRAPHY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER — 255 Physical Tests on Some Commercial Varnishes. By H. A. Gardner and H. C. Parks, Am. Arc., 126, 523-4, Dec. 3, 1924. Suggestions Regarding Some Pyroxylin Coating Materials. By H. A. Gardner. J. Soc. Dyers and Colourists, 40, p. 241, July, 1924. Importance of Position in Weather Tests. By P. H. Walker. J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 16, 528 (1924). A series of articles in the Technical Department of the American Paint Journal. Beginning Oct. 20, 1924. Ultra-Violet Rays Used to Test Body Fabrics and Finishes. By W. L. Carver. Automotive Industries, 50, p. 1011-4, May 8, 1924. Directions for the Study of Varnished Cotton Cloth. Anon. J. Institution of Electrical Engineers, 62, p. 173-7 (1924). Directions for the Study of Varnished Paper and Varnished Fabric Boards and Tubes. Anon. J. Institution Electrical Engineers, 62, p. 160-72, February, 1924. Varnish Studies; Relationship of Physical Tests and Chemical Composition to Durability. By W. T. Pierce. Ind. Eng. Chem., 16, p. 681-4, July, 1924. The Story of Butanol. C. L. Gabriel. Paint, Oil and Chem. Review, 78, No. 6, p. 13-14 (1924). Denatured Alcohol in the Paint and Varnish Industry. By H. W. Haines. Paint, Oil and Chem. Rev., 78, No. 11, 10-11 (1924). Pyroxylin Finishes. By Hillrick. Motor Vehicle Monthly, November, 1924, p. 34. Actual Experience with Pyroxylin Enamels. By T. W. Price. Automobile Trimmer and Painter, 3, No. 10, p. 30 (1924). Lacquer Finish Fast Increasing in Favor. By K. W. Lansing. Automobile Trommer and Painter, 3, No. 8, p. 63-69 (1924). Facts About Wood Lacquers. By W. G. Schmidt. Industrial Finishing, November, 1924, p. 58. Some causes of an Unsatisfactory Lacquered Finish. By J. K. Cooper. Indus- trial Finishing, November, 1924, p. 57. Removing Finish to Prepare Surface for Lacquer. By J. K. Cooper. Industrial Finishing, December, 1924, p. 18. Automobile Body Finish. Anon. Autobody. July, 1924. Application of Duco. Anon. Motor World. November 13, 1924, p. 26. A Glossy Pyroxylin Finish. Anon. Automotive Industries, September 18, 1924, p. 526. Automobile Body Finishes. Anon. Automobile Trimmer and Painter, 3, No. 6, p. 49 (1924). New Development in More Durable Finishes. Anon. Automotive Industries. May 1, 1924, p. 978. Davelopment in the Use of Air Drying Enamel. Anon. Automobile Trimmer and Painter, 3, No. 3, p. 53-6 (1924). Defects of Paints and Varnishes. By W. J. Overbeck. Paint, Oil and Chem. Rev., 78, No. 7, p. 10 (1924). Zapon Pyroxylin Finishes Now Ready for Use in Body Production. Anon. Automotive Industries, 51, p. 121, July 10, 1924. Coach and Automobile Finishes. By E. Perry. Oz, Paint and Drug Reporter, 106, p. 20, July 14, 1924. Aircraft Fabrics. J. E. Ramsbottom, Trans. Faraday Soc. (1924), 20, 245-302. Elemi Gum as a Constituent of Lacquer. By M. J. P. Barrett. Paint, Oil and Chem. Rev., 78, No. 3, p. 10 (1924). Variation of Stress-Strain Properties of Nitrocellulose Camphor Mixture with Its Composition. By P. Heymans and G. Colingaert. Ind. Eng. Chem., 16, 939-940 (1924). 256 174. 175. 176. Vik 178. 179. 180. 181. 182. 183. 184. 185. 186. 187. 188. 189. 190. 191. 192. 193. 194. 195. 196. 197. 198. 199. 200. A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER Pyroxylin Lacquers for Automobiles. By E. M. Flaherty. Paznt, Oil, and Chem. Rev., 78, No. 16, p. 10-11, 21-2 (1924). Automobile Body Finish. Anon. Motor Vehicle Monthly, June (1924). A New Auto Finish. Anon. Egyptian Lacquer Mfg. Co., Automotive Indus- tries, April 10 (1924), p. 828. Paint and Varnish Removers. By Joseph Kempf. Automobile Trimmer and Painter, 3, No. 12, p. 71 (1924). Painting and Preservation of Metal Surfaces. By W. J. Overbeck. Paint, Oul and Chem. Rev., 78, No. 5, 10-11; No. 6, 10-11 (1924). Directions for the Study of Electrical Insulating Varnishes, Paints and Enamel Paints. Anon. Inst. E. E. J., 62, 936-40 (1924). Synthetic Albertol. By E. F. Fonrobert and C. Marx. Chem. Age (N. Y.), 32, p. 167 (1924). Commercial Recovery of Fossil Gums. By W. M. Meyers. Chem. and Met. Eng., 31, 617 (1924). Lacquer—New and Old. By Maxmillian Toch. Chem. Age (N. Y.), 32, 501 (1924). Nitrocellulose and Pyroxylin Lacquers. By J. B. Wiesel. Chem. Age (N. Y.), 32, 439-42 (1924). Recent Developments in the Manufacture and Application of Nitrocellulose Lacquers and Enamels. By G. E. Conde. Can. Chem. and Met., 8, No. 9 (1924), pp. 219-20. The New Pyroxylin Automobile Finish. By S. D. Kirkpatrick. Chem. and Met. Eng., 31, 178 (1924). Further Developments Made in Celluloid Finishes. Anon. Automotive Indus- tries, 51, p. 194, July 24, 1924. Pyroxylin Enamels Finding Favor. By E. M. Flaherty, J. Soc Auto Engineers, 14, p. 352-3, March, 1924. What Basic Materials Go Into Automobile Finishes? Anon. Automotive Industries, 51, p. 34-8, July, 1924. Demand for Better Body Finishes Is Being Met. Anon. Automotive Indus- trees, 50, 1264-8, July 12, 1924. Demand for More Durable Finishes Stimulates New Developments. Anon. Automotive Industries, 50, 978-81, May 1, 1924. Final Coat of Latest Pyroxylin Finish Gives Gloss Without Polishing. Anon. Automotive Industries, 51, 526, September 18, 1924. Standard Automobile Finishes. By L. Valentine Pulsifer. Paint, Oil and Chem. Rev., 77, No. 26, p. 10-11 (1924). Nitrocellulose Automobile Finishes. By L. V. Pulsifer, J. Soc. Auto Eng., 15, 474-5 (1924). Automobile Body Finish. By L. Valentine Pulsifer. Automobile Trimmer and Painter, 3, No. 6, p. 49-50 (1924). Increasing Popularity of New Finish. By Warfield Webb. Automobile Trim- mer and Painter, 3, No. 12, p. 59 (1924). Automobile Body Finishes. By H.C. Mougey. Paint, Oil and Chem. Rev., 78, No. 4, p. 10-12 (1924). More Durable Car Finishes Are Making Their Appearance. By H. C. Mougey. Automotive Industries, 50, 777-9 (1924). Refinishing of Automobile Bodies. By L. V. Pulsifier and O. H. Briggs. J. Soc. Auto Engineers, 14, 571 (1924). Address Before St. Louis Production Club. By Arthur Orr. American Paint Journay, 8, No. 50, October 5, 1924. Another Varnish Maker Enters Field of Pyroxylin Automobile Finishes. Anon Automotive Industries. August 14, 1924, pp. 324-25. BIBLIOGRAPHY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER — 257 . All Seven Coats of Pyroxylin Finish Applied in Two Days. By H. Chase. Automotive Industries, 51, 254-5 (1924). . Egyptian Lacquer Develops New Nitrocellulose Automobile Finish. By H. Chase. Automotive Industries, 50, 828-9 (1924). . Finishing and Refinishing Approaching High Engineering Standard. By H. Chase. Automotive Industries, 50, 1134-7 (1924). . Causes of Paint Failure. By H. C, Mougey. J. Auto Engineers, 14, 479-80 (1924). . Body Refinishing for Speed and Durability. By E. M. Flaherty. Bus Trans- portation, 3, 186, April, 1924. . Pyroxylin Enamels. By HE. M. Flaherty. Automobile Trimmer and Painter, 3, No. 6, 55 (1924). . Revolutionary Painting Methods. By R. C. Williams and R. 8. Rogers. J. Soc. Auto Engineers, 14, 90-3 (1924). . New Lacquer Finishes for Automobile Bodies. Morris A. Hall. Automobile Trimmer and Painter, 3, 27-31, April (1924). Lacquer Plasticizer. By B. K. Brown and Charles Bogin. Paint, Oil and Chem. Rev., 79, No. 24, p. 10 (1924). . The Testing and Standardization of Paint and Varnishes. By Hans Wolff. Farben-Ztg., 29, 1691-3 (1924). . Esterfication of Gum Dammar. By H. Brendel. Farben-Zig., 29, 16,93-4 (1924). ; . A Simple Viscosimeter for the Determination of the Viscosity of Resin Solu- tions. Anon. Chem. Zig., March 27, 1924, p. 18. . Strength of Films of Cellulose Nitrate Plastics. By K. Atsuki, J. Fac. Eng., Tokyo, 15, 109-116 (1924). J. S.C. J. 44, B36 (1924). . Waterproofing Paper. Anon. Papierfabr., 22, 278-80 (1924). . The Dynamometry of (Cellulosic) Plastics. By C. Zelger. Chimie et Industrie, May, 1924, p. 576-7. . The Employment of echnpcer’s Tension Tester for Measuring the Adhering Strength of Textile Strips and Rubber Layers. By L. Hock. Kolloid-Ztg., 35, 47-8 (1924). . Examen Microscopique des Gommes a Vernis. By P. Nicalardot and C. Cof- fignier. Chimie et Industrie, 11, 456-68 (1924). . Simple Testing of Paints and Varnish. By Hans Wolff. Farben-Ztg., 30, 624-5 (1924). . The Gelatinization of Nitrocellulose Solution. By A. Szegvari. Kolloid-Z., 34, 34-7 (1924). . Picture Lacquers; Their Form and Use. By H. Bredel. Farbe wu. Lack (1924), 406. . Advances in the Paint and Lacquer Industry. By H. Wagner. Farben-Ztg., 30, 785-88, 841-42 (1924). . Breaking Down Cellulose with Formic Acid. By C. Herser and Scholt. Cellu- losechem, 6, 10-11 (1924). . Simple Testing of Colors and Lacquers. By K. Wurth, Farben-Ztg., 30, 789-91 (1924). . Lacquer for Electric Light Globes. By F. Zimmer, Farben-Ztg., 30, 685-6 (1924). . Centrifuging of Lacquers. By K. Wurth. Farben-Ztg., 30, 289 (1924). . Toxicity of Solvents for Rubber, Resins, and Cellulose Esters, By A. Kohn- Abrest. Kunststoffe, 14, 101-2 (1924); Chem. Age, 32; 199-20) (1924). . Chemical Problems in Insulating Varnishes. By H. C. P. Weber. Ind. Eng. Chem., 17, 11-14, January, 1925. 258 228. 229, 230. 231. 232. 233. 234. 235. 236. 237. 238. 239. 240. 241. 242. 243. 244. 245. 246. 247. 248. 249. 250. 251. 252. 253. 254. 255. A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER Ethyl Lactate as a Solvent in Nitrocellulose Lacquers. Anon. Ovl, Paint and Drug Reporter, 107, 32A (1925). | Progress in Terms of Volatile Solvents. By B. R. Tunison. Chem. and Met. Eng., 32, 93 (1925). Lacquer Finishing—Its Faults and Corrections. By C. Ludwig. Automobile Trimmer and Painter, 5, No. 1, p. 61 (1925). What Wood Lacquer Really Is. By R. L. Masterson. Industrial Finishing, 1, No. 3, p. 29 (1925). Pyroxylin Enamels—Important Suggestions Regarding Their Use. By A. W. Moody, Automobile Trommer and Painter, 4, No. 1, p. 58 (1925). The Glidden Lacqueroid System of Motor Car Finishes. By M. J. Pierce. Automobile Trimmer and Painter, 4, No. 1, p. 72 (1925). Glidden Company Develops Lacqueroid System of Finishing. Anon. Auto- motive Industries, 52, No. 1, p. 12 (1925). Alcohol; the Chenucal Raw Material. By B. R. Tunison, Drug and Chem. VE ee January 28 (1925), p. 277. Automobile Painting and Finishing. Anon. J. Soc. Auto. Eng., 16, 361-2 (1925). Qualities and Durability of Nitrocellulose Finishes for Automobiles. By H. C. Mougey and L. V. Pulsifer. J. Soc. Auto Engineers, 16, 277-8 (1925). Kodak Co. has New Body Finish. Anon. Automotive Ind., 52 (1925), p. 791. Nitrocellulose and the Lacquer Industry. By R. A. Coolahan. Chem. Record- Age, 23 (1925), No. 12, p. 7. Solvents and Automobile Lacquers. By D. B. Keyes. Ind. and Eng. Chem., 17, p. 558 (1925). The Use of Plasticizers in Lacquers. By Bruce K. Brown. IJnd. and Eng. Chem., 17, p. 568 (1925). A New Solvent for Nitrocellulose. By H. A. Gardner. Paint, Oil and Chem. Rev., 79, No. 5, p. 10 (1925). Lacquers from the Jobbers’ Standpoint. By E. R. Kyger. Paint, Oil and Chem. Rev., 79, No. 11, pp. 10-11 (1925). Pigmented Lacquers for Flat Wall Finish. By E. R. Kyger. Paint, Oil and Chem. Rev., 79 No. 12, pp. 10-11 (1925). Soluble Cotton and Its Uses. By R. A. Coolahan. Paint and Chem. Rev. 79, No. 13, pp. 10-11 (1925). Nitrocellulose Symposium. By Jos. Michelman. Paznt, Oil and Chem. Rev., 79, No. 15, pp. 10-11 (1925). Nitrocellulose as a Fire Risk. Anon. Paint, Oil and Chem. Rev., 79, No. 18, pp. 13-14 (1925). New Development in Lacquers. By L. L. Van Schaack. Paint, Oil and Chem. Rev., 79, No. 19, p. 10 (1925). Modern Automobile Finishes. By H. C. Mougey. Industrial Finishing, 1, No. 5, p. 16 (1925). Overcoming Spray Troubles. By L. J. Goudin. Industrial Finishing, 1, No. 5, p. 36 (1925). Pyroxylin Enamels. By A. W. Moody. Automobile Trimmer and Painter, 4, No. 3, p. 41 (1925). Aging Tests of Varnish Films Accelerated by New Apparatus. Anon. Auto- motive Industries, March, 1925, p. 546. Latest Lacquer Finish Is Termed Berryloid. Anon. Automotive Industries, 52 No. 7, p. 264 (1925). Eastman Kodak to Market New Automobile Paint. Anon. Automobile Indus- tries, 52, No. 8, p. 323 (1925). Cyclohexanol—as a Plasticizer. By Fritz J. Schuster. Drug and Chemical Markets, 16, No. 8, p. 566 (1925). AoE > ie ‘— worn 256. 257. 258. 259. 260. 261. 262. 263. 264. 265. 266. 267. 268. 269. 270. 271. 272. 273. 274. 275. 276. 277. 278. 279. 280. 281. 282. BIBLIOGRAPHY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER — 259 Using Duco Rough Stuff. Anon. Auto Trimmer and Painter, 4, No. 2, p. 67 (1925). Information Concerning Pyroxylin Enamel System. Anon. Automobile Trim- mer and Painter, 4, No. 2, p. 65 (1925). Solvent and Non-Solvent Liquids. By R. L. Masterson. Industrial Finishing, i io.'5, p. 30 (1925). Nitrocellulose Automobile Finishes. By Valentine Pulsifer. Automobile Trim- mer and Painter, 4, No. 2, p. 33 (1925). The Origin of Lacquer. By L. W. Carlson and D. T. Tight. Awtomobile Trimmer and Painter, 4, No. 2, p. 61 (1925). Laboratory Tests on Finishes. By H. C. Mougey. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 17, p. 411 (1925). Durability of Nitrocellulose. Anon. Auto Trimmer and Painter, 4, No. 4, p. 63 (1925). Lacquer Problems. By C. Ludwig. Auto Trimmer and Painter, 4, No. 4, p. 52 (1925). Some Notes on Nitrocellulose Lacquers. By G. L. Ward. Paint, Oil and Chem. Rev., 79, No. 4, pp. 10-11 (1925) The Clarification of Varnishes, Nitrocellulose Lacquers and Enamels. By E. C. Alford. Paint, Oil and Chem. Rev., 79, No. 5, p. 10 (1925). Rubbing Process Is Shortened with New Car Body Finish. Anon. Auto. Industries, 52, p. 655 (1925). Test Panels Show Durability of Automobile Finishes. By H. C. Mougey. Industrial Finishing, 1, No. 6, p. 10 (1925). What Constitutes a Good Filler. By H. C. Mougey. Industrial Finishing, 1, No. 6, pp. 11-12 (1925). Modern Spraying Practice. By R. L. Masterson. Industrial Finishing, 1, mG UO, p.7; No. ¢, p. 13 (1925). Nitrocellulose Refinishing. By J. J. Riley, J. Soc. Auto. E'ng., 16, 481-2, May (1925). How Pyroxylin Lacquers Are Manufactured. By E. M. Flaherty. Chem. Rec. Age, 23, 9-10, April 20 (1925). Safety in Use of Pyroxylin Base Finishing Materials. By H. B. Fox. Nat. Safety, No. 11, 31-2, May (1925). Valentine Makes Radical Improvements in Lacquer Finishing. By Herbert Chase. Automotive Industries, 52, p. 873 (1925). Causes of White Spots in Lacquer Finishing. By C. Ludwig. Auto. Trimmer and Painter, 4, p. 28 (1925). Rubbing Lacquer Finish. By C. F. Merrifield. Industrial Finishing, 1, No. 7, p. 16 (1925). Cyclohexanol—The Newest Solvent. By J. Fritz Schuster. Drug and Chemical Markets, 16, No. 8, p. 565 (1925). The Technology of Lacquers. By L. L. Van Schaack. Paint, Ozl and Chem. Rev., 79, No. 20, p. 8 (1925). Lacquer Solvents. By D. B. Keyes. Paint, Ovl and Chem. Rev., 79, No. 22, p. 24 (1925). Conversion of Varnish and Lacquer Coatings. By H. T. Hotchkiss. Paint, Oil and Chem. Rev., 79, No. 22, p. 8 (1925). Requirements of a Lacquer. By D. B. Keyes. Ozl, Paint and Drug Reportcr, 107, No. 23, p. 22 (1925). New Pyroxylin Base Finishings Material. Anon. Chemicals, 23, No. 21, p. 6 (1925). Using Lacquer Successfully. By P. J. Marvin. Industrial Finishing, 1, No. 8, p. 15 (1925). 308. 309. A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER . Nitrocellulose in the Manufacture of Lacquer. By J. B. Wiesel. Amer. Paint Jour., 9, No. 32, p. 18 (1925). . Repainting Used Cars to Increase Their Saleability. By Clayton Hill. Auto Trimmer and Painter, 4, No. 6, p. 57 (1925). . Refinishing Automobiles with Lacquer. By Zapon Co. Auto Trimmer and Painter, 4, No. 6, p. 55 (1925). . Surface and Undercoats for Pyroxylin Enamel Finishes. By C. Ludwig. Auto Trimmer and Painter, 4, No. 6, p. 29 (1925). . A Non-Inflammable, Non-Poisonous Dope. By Neocellon, Ltd. Chem. Age 12, No. 309, p. 480 (1925). . Butanol—Its Use in Industry. By Chas. L. Gabriel. Chemicals, 23, No. 21 p. 9 (1925). . How Sherwin-Williams Lacquer Is Applied. Anon. Auto. Ind., 52, No. 22, p. 936 (1925). . Spraying Pyroxylin on Cars. By J. J. Riley. Chemicals, 23, No. 21, p. 9 (1925). . Production and Properties of Titanium Oxide. R. H. Monk and C. Whitte- more. Can. Chem. Met., 9, p. 153 (1925). . Hybosol Suggested as Agent for Improvement of Lacquers. Anon. Ot, Paint and Drug Reporter, 108, No. 3, 30 (1925). . National Fire Protection Association Sub-Committee on Pyroxylin Finishes. Anon. Automobile Trimmer and Painter, 4, No. 7, p. 33 (1925). . Misunderstood Paint Trade Terms Explained. W. J. Miskella. Paint, Oil and Chemical Review, 80, No. 4, p. 10 (1925). . Development of Lacquers. A. M. Maher. Industrial Finishing, 1, No. 9, p. 7 (1925). . Using Automobile Lacquer Finishes. R. L. Masterson. Ind. Finishing, 1, No. 9, p. 10 (1925). . Automobile Lacquer. Robert Calvert. J. Chem. Education, 2, 369-74 (1925). . Solvents and Thinners for Lacquers, By W. J. Miskella. Paint, Oil and Chem. Rev., 80, No. 6, p. 16 (1925). . The Odorless Lacquer. By H. W. Haines. Paint, Oil and Chem. Rev., 80, No. 6, p. 6 (1925). . Acetone—Its Manufacture and Use. By C. L. Gabriel. Paint, Oil and Chem. Rev., 80, No. 6, p. 10 (1925). . Hints on the Technique of Lacquering for Managers. By F. Zimmer. Phot. Ind., Feb. 23, 1925, p. 189. . The Progress of Lacquer Work. L. Clayton Hill. Auto Trimmer and Painter, 4, No. 8, p. 61 (1925). . Auto Body Lacquering. W.H. Martindale. Industrial Finishing, 1, No. 10, p. 17 (1925). . Refinishing with Nitrocellulose Materials. Anon. Bus Transportation, July, 1925, p. 340-1. . The Use of Gums in Lacquers. E. R. Morawetz. Paint, Oil and Chemical Review, 80, No. 10, p. 22 (1925). . The Fire-Hazard of Lacquer. W.J. Miskella. Paint, Oil and Chemical Review, 80, No. 10, p. 18 (1925). . Resins for Lacquers and Their Solvents. G. H. Lincks. Paint, Oil and Chem- ical Review, 80, No. 10, p. 16 (1925). Colors for Lacquers. A. F. Brown, Paint, Oil and Chemical Review, 80, No. 10, p. 12 (1925). Tricresylphosphate as a Lacquer Plasticizer. M.R. Trimmer. Paint, Oil and Chemical Review, 80, No. 10, p. 10 (1925). 310. 311. 312. 313. 314. 315. 316. 317. 318. 319. 320. 321. 322. 323. 324. 325. 326. 327, 328. 329. 330. 331. 332. 333. 334. 335. 336. BIBLIOGRAPHY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER — 261 The Stability of Nitrocellulose. J.B. Wiesel. Paint, Oil and Chemical Review, 80, No. 10, p. 8 (1925). High Lustre Lacquer Finishes. E. G. Richardson, Auto Trimmer and Painter, 4, No. 9, p. 39 (1925). Undercoats. Alexander Wilson. Auto Trimmer and Painter, 4, No. 9, p. 40 (1925). Spraying of Lacquers. E. P. Frey. Auto Trimmer and Painter, 4, No. 9, p. 56 (1925). Are Pyroxylin Enamels Detrimental to the Health? C. Ludwig. Auto Trim- mer and Painter, 4, No. 9, p. 57 (1925). Names of Paint and Lacquer Materials Explained. W. J. Miskella. Auto Trimmer and Painter, 4, No. 9, p. 65 (1925). The Story of Kauri Gum. G. H. Lincks. Paint, Oil and Chem. Rev., 80, No. 12, p. 8 (1925). Lacquering Metal Specialties. F. V. Faulhaber. Ind. Finishing, 1, No. 11, p. 16 (1925). Surfacing Materials for Automobile Lacquer Finishes. R. L. Masterson. Industrial Finishing, 1, No. 11, p. 30 (1925). Pyroxylin Invades the Varnish Plant. Anon. Chem. and Met. Eng., 32, p. 747 (1925). Blushing and Clouding. W. J. Smart. The Metal Industry, September (1925), p. 367. Brushable Lacquers. W. J. Miskella. Paint, Oil and Chem. Rev., 80, No. 18, p. 10 (1925). Industrial Nitrocellulose Products—Varnishes and Enamels. H. Hepworth, Ind. Chemistry, 290-2 (1925). Aviation Dopes or Varnishes. Maurice Deschiens. J. S. C. I., 44, p. 902-907 (1925). Finish Failures Overcome with Pyroxylin Enamel. By H.C. Mougey. J. Soc. Auto. E'ng., 17, p. 183-8. Preparation of Surfaces for Nitrocellulose Finish. By J. McGeorge. J. Soc. Auto. Eng., 17, p. 212, August (1925). Pyroxylin Refinishing Practice. By J. J. Riley. J. Soc. Auto. Eng., 17, 245-7, September (1925). Precautions in Using Pyroxylin Finishes. Anon. Bus Transportation, 4, p. 450, Sept. (1925). Lacquer as a Protective Coating. Arthur Orr. American Paint Journal, 9, No. 51, p. 7-12 (1925); Chemical Education, 3, No. 4 (1925). Spraying Lacquers on Auto Bodies. E. P. Frey, Ind. Finishing, 1, No. 12, p. 10 (1925). Lacquering Broom Handles. W. H. Martindale. Jndustrial Finishing, 1, No. 12, p. 24 (1925). New Solvents for Lacquer Making Will Interest the Chemists. E. F. Bain- bridge. Amer. Paint Journal, 9, 52B, p. 18. Phenol-Formaldehyde Resins as Constituents of Lacquers and Varnishes. A. C. Hopper, Chem. Age, 13, p. 370 (1925). Paints and Varnishes with a Nitrocellulose Base. J. H. Frydlender. Rev. Prod. Chim., p. 577-584, September 15 (1925). Plasticity in Relation to Cellulose and Cellulose Derivatives. S. E. Sheppard and HE. K. Carver. J. Phys. Chem., 29, p. 1244-1263 (1925). Finish Failures Overcome with Pyroxylin Enamels. By H. C. Mougey. Auto Trimmer and Painter, 4, No. 11, p. 44-49 (1925). Pyroxylin Refinishing Practice. J. J. Riley. Auto Trimmer and Painter, 4, No. 11, p. 57-60 (1925). 262 337. 338. 339. 340. 341, 342. 343. 344. 345. 346. 347, 348. 349. 300. dol. 352. 353. 304. 305. 356. 307. 358. 309. 360. 361. 362. ‘A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER Lacquer—The Revolutionizing Finish. W. J. Miskella. Factory, 35, No. 5, p. 780-788 (1925). | Modern Cellulose Lacquers. Arthur Orr. Industrial Finishing, 2, No. 2, p. 7, (1925). Lacquer in Metal Finishing. R. L. Kent. Industrial Finishing, 2, No. 2, p. 17 (1925). Relation of Pigments to Hiding Power. Glenn H. Pickard. Amer. Paint Jour., 10, No. 4, p. 18-26 (1925). To Prevent Lacquer Blushing. W. J. Smart. Industrial Finishing, 2, No. 1, p. 7 (1925). Lighting Fixtures Lacquering. R. L. Masterson. Industrial Finishing, 2, No. 1, p. 10 (1925). Industrial Finishing and Finishes. R. G. Meade. Paint, Oil and Chemical Review, 80, No. 23, p. 10 (1925). Pyroxylin Lacquers for Automobiles. E. M. Flaherty. Paint, Oil and Chemical Review, 80, No. 23, p. 12 (1925). Lacquer and Lacquer Solvents. By D. B. Keyes. Paint, Owl and Chemical Review, 80, No. 21, p. 8 (1925). Lacquer Undercoatings for Wood or Metal. By W.J. Miskella. Paint, Ol and Chemical Review, 80, No. 21, p. 10 (1925). Lacquer Versus Varnish as a Finish. Anon. Railway Review, 77, p. 896, Dec. 12, 1925. The Swelling and Dispersion of Some Colloidal Substances in Ether-Alcohol Mixtures. By E. W. J. Mardles. J. Chem. Soc., 127, 2940-57 (1925). Solvents, Diluents and Plasticizers. Anon. Chemicals, 24, No. 25, p. 11-13 (1925). Organophile Colloids. By G. S. Whitby. Can. Chemistry and Met., 9, 265-7 (1925). Preparation of Metal Surfaces for Painting and Lacquering. By W. J. Miskella. Paint, Orl and Chemical Review, 80, No. 27, p. 10-11 (1925). Alumina Compound in the Lacquer Industries. By L. Bock. Farbe wu. Lack 27 (1925). The Production of Celluloid and Cellon Oil Lacquers with Tetralin and Hexalin. By Rudolf Ditmar. Z. Angew. Chem., 34, 474-5. The Limitations of the Use of Oil-Free Undercoats. By V. D. Muhlen, Farben-Ztg., 30, 898-901 (1925). Optimum Content of Camphor in Celluloid. By K. Atsuki. J. Fac. Eng., Tokyo, 15, 281-290 (1925). Acetanilide and Urea as the Stabilizer and Plasticizer in Celluloid. K. Atsuki. J. Fac. Eng., Tokyo, 15, 291 (1925). The Effect of Zinc White on the Stability of Celluloid. By K. Atsuki. J. Fac. Eng., Tokyo, 15, 303-308 (1925). Poisonous Action of Solvents for Rubber, Rosin and Cellulose Esters. By E. Kohn. Kunststoffe, 14, July, 1924, 101. Modern Lacquer and Its Use. By A. S. Jennings, Farbe wu. Lack, 222-23 (1925). The Degeneration of Celluloid and Nitrocellulose Collodions. By M. A. Bregeut. Rev. Gén. des Colloides, 3, 200-6, 230-5 (1925). Testing the Hardness of a Film. F. E. Mouths. Farben-Ztg., 30, 1565, 1686 (1925). Nitrocellulose Varnishes and Varnish Paints. Application in the Automobile and Wood Working Industries. By J. H. Frydlender. Rev. Prod. Chem., 28, 577-84 (1925). 382. 383. 384. 385. BIBLIOGRAPHY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER — 2638 y. . Varnishes and Varnished Paintings of a Nitrocellulose Base. By Frydlender. Genie Civil, 87, p. 381-2, Oct. 31, 1925. . Solvents for Cellulose Esters. Anon. Rev. Prod. Chim., 28, 553 (1925). . Nitrocellulose Lacquers, Solvents, Resins, Diluents, etc. By J. H. Frydlender. Rev. des. Prod. Chim., 28, 577-84 (1925). Stability of Nitrocelluloses. J. Duclaux. Rev. Gen. Colloid, 3, 257-263 (1925). . Cellhorn, Zellen and Cellulose Ester Lacquers. By F. Huth and C. R. Halle. Farbe wu. Lack, 397-98, 410-11, 424 (1925). . The Status of Cellulose Lacquering. By M. Winklemann. Farbe und Lack, No. 47, 557 (1925). . Swelling and Dispersion of Cellulose Nitrate in Ethyl Alcohol. By K. Atsuki. J. Fac. Eng., Tokyo, 16, 111-116 (1925). Abs. of Chem. Soc., 128, 1, 1044-5 (1925). . Nitro or Acetate Films. By Richard Blochmann. Kunststoffe, 15, 149-50 (1925). . Linseed-Oil Varnishes—Wood-Oil Varnishes—Cellulose Varnishes—A Cross Section. By H. Rasquin. Farben-Ztg., 31, 91-2 (1925). . The Poisoning Action and Dangers of Organic Solvents and Their Prevention. Anon. Farbe u. Lack, 422-3, 433-4 (1925). . Lacquers. Their Resins, Plasticizers and Solvents. Anon. Paint, Ol and Chemical Review, 82, No. 6, pp. 14-16. A discussion of the materials used and the problems met with by the English Lacquer Chemists. . Pyroxylin Coated Fabrics. Anon. Survey of Current Business, 54, Feb., 1926, p. 36. . Cellulose Lacquers. Anon. Drugs, Oils and Paints, 42, No. 2, pp. 45-8 (1926). The various constituents of cellulose lacquers are discussed, special attention being devoted to the materials used as solvents. . A Word of Caution on Lacquers and Their Durability. Anon. American Paint Journal, December 27, 1926, pp. 57-8. Lacquers are divided into classes accord- ing to their uses. A lacquer designed for one purpose may not be satisfactory for another. . The Use of Nitrocellulose Lacquers for Industrial Painting. Anon. The Dec- orator, Dec. 22, 1926, p. 403. Second of a series of articles. . Rubbing Lacquer—Finished Surfaces. Anon. Industrial Finishing, 3, No. 2, p. 60 (1926). A foreman finisher comments on the practicality of a newly invented machine for rubbing lacquer finished surfaces. . Interior Finishing with Duco. By George Baldwin. Du Pont Magazine, April, 1926, p. 8. . Testing Colors for Lacquers. By A. F. Brown. Drugs, Oils and Paints, 42, No. 1, p. 12. . Theories of Brush Lacquer Formulation. By Bruce K. Brown. Paint, Ou and Chemical Review, 82, No. 6, pp. 18-21. Three theories of formulation are set forth: A. The use of low boiling solvents; B. Heavy pigmentation; C. Inac- tive solvent mixtures. The Peptization of Pyroxylin. By M. L. Byron. J. Physical Chemistry, 30, p. 1116 (1926). Separation and Analysis of the Volatile Solvents and Thinners of Lacquers. By R. M. Carter. Ind. Eng. Chem., 18, pp. 1234-5 (1926). After distillation, the physical properties, saponification, solubility in sulphuric acid and water are determined. Protecting Lacquer Plants from Special Hazards. Committee Mfg. Risks and Special Hazards, N. F. P. A., Paint, Oil and Chemical Review, 82, No. 9. Construction and maintenance of lacquer spraying booths. New Process Is Developed for Cleaning Metal Body Surfaces. By W. L. 264 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER ' Carver. Automotive Industries, 54, No. 4, p. 148 (1926). A new type 386. 387. 388. 389. 390. 391. 392. 393. 394. 395. 396. 397. 398. 399. 400. 401. 402. 403. 404. cleaner which is sprayed on a metal surface and the latter than baked. : Centrifugal Clarification. By W. D. Cleary. Paint, Oil and Chemical Review, 81, No. 4, pp. 10-11 (1926). Lacquer Used in New Skyscraper. By George E. Covell. Industrial Finishing 2, No. 5, pp. 19-21 (1926). The New Crackle Finish. By Robert Cowan. Industrial Finishing, 2, No. 12, pp. 21-2 (1926). The method of obtaining “crackle” effects and some of the merits of this material as a finish are briefly discussed. The Glycol Ethers and Their Use in the Lacquer Industry. By J. G. Davidson. Ind. Eng. Chem., 18, pp. 669-75, 874 (1926). Paint, Oil and Chemical Review, 82, No. 6, pp. 18-18B; No. 7, pp. 10-13. Practical Testing of Finishes. By Sidney W. Dean, Jr. Chemicals, 26, No. 17, pp. 7-9 (1926). History and significance of accelerated weathering tests. Suitable Lacquer Colors. By Slocum Drew. Paint, Oil and Chemical Review, 82, No. 6, p. 17. Generally speaking, the metal colors are best. The coal tar colors which are proved are yet few. - The Use of Wood Lacquer Finishes. By W. 8S. Edgar. Mechanical Engineer, 48, p. 1289-90 (1926); Auto Trimmer and Painter, 6, No. 2, pp. 38-40 (1927) ; Chemicals, 26, No. 25, pp. 14, 38-9 (1926); Railway Mechanical Engineer, 101, March, 1927, pp. 150-2. Particulars regarding the preparation of wood surfaces for finishing and methods of applying pyroxylin lacquers that have proved successful in practice. Brushing Pyroxylin Lacquer. By A. F. Eibell. Industrial Finishing, 2, No. 8, pp. 22-6 (1926). . The A, B, C of Pyroxylin Lacquer. By E. W. Fasig. Canadian Chemistry and Metallurgy, 10, No. 2, p. 42; Drugs, Oils and Paints, 41, pp. 337-8 (1926) ; Paint, Oil and Chemical Review, 82, No. 4, pp. 10-13, 23. The Manufacture of Cellulose Lacquer for Automobiles. By W. Fletcher- Starkey. Oul and Colour Trade Journal, 1925, p. 1561; Farbe wu. Lack, pp. 5-6 (1926). Solvents and Diluents for Pyroxylin Lacquers and Enamels. By H. 8. Garlick. Industrial Chemist, Oct., 1926, pp. 437-40. Nature and Source of Pigments Used in Car Colors. By C. A. Green. Auto Trimmer and Painter, 5, No. 5, pp. 61-4 (1926). What Is Lacquer? By W. K. Grinder. Paint, Oil and Chemical Review, 82, No. 19, pp. 10-11 (1926). The purpose of each of the five types of materials used in the composition of lacquer is discussed. What Modern Lacquer Is. By W. K. Grinder. Industrial Finishing, 3, No. 2, p. 9 (1926). Similar to the article recorded above by the same author. Testing of Finish Materials. By W. K. Grinder. Paint, Oil and Chemical Review, 82, No. 11, pp. 10-11, 14-15. Viscosity tests of lacquers and various tests for durability of the applied material are described. Progress in the Lacquer Industry. By H. W. Haines. Paint, Oil and Chemical Review, 82, No. 6, pp. 18B-C, No. 8, pp. 10-13. A review of the develop- ment of modern lacquers. Practical Details of Repainting Used Cars. By L. C. Hill. Auto Trimmer and Painter, 5, No. 6, p. 61. Latest Developments in Nitrocellulose Systems. By L. C. Hill. Motor Vehicle Monthly, Sept., 1926, pp. 48-9. Lacquer undercoats and their durability and drying periods are discussed. Separation and Analysis of Pigments in Lacquers. By F. W. Hopkins. Ind. Eng. Chem., 18, p. 1233 (1926). A short outline of pigment analysis, 405. 406. 407. 408. 409. 410. 411. 412. 413. 414. 415. 416. 417. 418. 419. 420. 421. 422. 423. 424. BIBLIOGRAPHY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER — 265 Ar phi Finish. By A. C. Hopper. Automobile Engineer, March, 1926, pp. 06-7. Progress in Automobile Finishing. By K. N. Kathju. Industrial Finishing, 3, No. 2, p. 35 (1926). Traces the development of automobile finishes and discusses the advantages of nitrocellulose lacquer. Ten Questions About Lacquer. By P. S. Kennedy. American Paint Journal, 10, No. 44, pp. 7-10, 85-86. The composition and uses of lacquer compared with those of varnish. Study of Varnish and Lacquer Finishes Exposed to Accelerated Breakdown Tests. By P. S. Kennedy. Mechanical Engineer, 48, Sec. 2, Nov., 1926, pp. 1291-2. Color Measurement. By C. W. Keuffel. Paint, Oil and Chemical Review, 82, No. 5, pp. 10-11. Official Digest, Federation of Paint and Varnish Clubs, No. 66, April, 1927, pp. 7-10. Defects in Surfacing and Lacquer Finishing Coats. By M. C. Hillick. Motor Vehicle Monthly, May, 1927, p. 46. Methods by which defective lacquer fin- ishes may be prevented, and causes of the troubles which most frequently arise. Lacquers, Crackle and Crystallizing. American Painter and Decorator, April, 1927, p. 80. These finishes are usually applied by means of the spray gun, but in some instances the dipping process is used. Lacquered Pianos. By Joseph Cowan. Ind. Finishing, 3, No. 7, p. 36 (1927). A schedule for finishing pianos with lacquer is given in this article. Lacquer Pointers. By E. W. Windsor. The Auto. Trimmer and Painter, 6, No. 3, p. 38 (1927). Problems which are certain to confront the automobile finisher at some time or other are presented and answered. The information offered covers a variety of subjects. Lacquer Shop, Equipping the. By John Stewart MacClary. The Auto. Trim- mer and Painter, 6, No. 3, p. 59 (1927). Very important in the equipping of the lacquer shop is the need of successful means by which to remove old paint from automobile bodies in preparing the surface for a new finish. Paint removing equipments resolve into two general classes: The chemical systems, and the sand blast system. A description of each is given. Lacquers, When and How to Use. By Wayne R. Fuller. The Painters Maga- zine, April, 1927, p. 28. The following points are discussed: 1. The composi- tion and manufacture of lacquer. 2. A comparison of lacquer with varnish and enamel. 3. Specifications for the use of lacquer. 4. The present and future use of lacquer by the painter. Wood Finishing—Floor Finishing with Varnish, Wax, Lacquer and Other Coat- ings. Anon. American Painter and Decorator, April, 1927, p. 51. Treating on the following subjects: Scraping or sanding floors; fillers and filling ;: applying the filler; floor stains and staining; colorful and two-tone finishes; uniforming floor colors; choice of finishes and the lacquer finish. Application and Formation of Lacquer Surfacers. By F. W. Hopkins. Ind. & Eng. Chem., 19, 974 (1927). An ideal surfacer is one which builds quickly, dries rapidly with a smooth surface, and sands easily to a hard non-porous surface to which lacquers may be applied. The pigment must not bleed. Iron oxides other than red oxide, together with a limited amount of extenders, are exten- sively used. Broom Handle Finishing—Lacquers. By J. C. Alsee. Jnd. Finishing, 3, No. 11, pp. 46-50 (1927). There is described some of the materials, methods, equip- ment and colors employed by certain manufacturers of broom handles. . Dilution Ratios of Nitrocellulose Solvents. By J. G. Davidson and E. W. Reid. Ind. & Eng. Chem., 19, 977-80 (1927). A study of various lacquer diluents with special reference to gasoline. . Effect of Certain Organic Bases in Plasticized Nitrocellulose Films. By L. L. Steele. Ind. & Eng. Chem., 19, p. 807 (1927). Suggests that the failure of lacquers is due to hydrolytic splitting of the cellulose ester and the effect of the nitric acid evolved. Suggests the use of stabilizers or anti-acids in films. Hazards of Spray Coating Processes. By H. F. Smyth. Nation’s Health, 9, 276 602. 603. 604. 605. 606. 607. 608. 609. 610. 611. 612. 613. 614. 615. 616. 617. A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER No. 5, 24-6 (1927). Some lacquer sprayers showed evidence of the effects of their work, having mild symptoms indicative of benzene absorption, and a blood picture more or less typical. Hints on Lacquer Making. By H. Nibecker. Paint, Oil and Chem. Rev. June 9, 1927, p. 14. To produce satisfactory lacquers it is necessary to examine all ingredients and analyze what takes place. Improved Lacquers Make Fast Auto Painting Successful. By M. C. Hillick. Painters Magazine, June, 1927, p. 22. Process by which rapid and satisfactory results are obtained in the use of the newer nitrocellulose finishes. The possi- bility of the development of a high lustre lacquer which would dispense with the process of polishing is predicted. Lacquer Catechism. American Painter and Decorator, June, 1927, p. 34. The answers to the questions which are given contain practical information for the person who is interested in the subject of lacquer. Lacquers to Suit Your Needs. By W. Courtney Wilson. jadaaiial Fimshing, 3, No. 9, p. 16; No. 10, p. 26 (1927). The author explains practical facts about the composition of lacquers, and points out the importance of selecting lacquer to suit one’s own particular requirements. Manufacture of Cellulose Varnishes. Anon. Farbe u. Lack, 1927, No. 19, 261. Proper Thinnners Are Vital to Good Lacquer. By Don Gillies. Western Paint Review, May, 1927, p. 20. Explaining why the use of an improper thinner is apt to cause “blushing,” and advising against the use of a thinner which has not been tried out for the particular lacquer employed and recommended by the lacquer manufacturer. Successful Wood Lacquer Finishes. By Walter 8. Edgar. The Automobile Trimmer and Painter, 6, No. 6, p. 37 (1927). The subjects presented are: preparation of wood surfaces, and how it differs from that of metal surfaces— difference in lacquer applications—fillers and why they bleach. Testing of Plasticisers for Nitrocellulose Varnishes. By E. U. Muhlendahl and H. Schulz. Farbe u. Lack, 1927, No. 20, 276. Truth About Cellulose Lacquer. “Kauri.” Od & Col. Trades J., 72, 179-81 (1927). A Primer on Lacquer Spraying. By W. D. Milne. Quarterly Nat. Fire Prvtec- tion Assoc., 21, 55-72 (1927). A summary of hazards in spraying pyroxylin lacquers, regulations, fire record classified as to causes, and a discussion of the effectiveness of sprinkler operation in connection with lacquer and varnish spraying fires. It is accompanied by a record of 19 such fires leading up to the $2,000,000 Briggs body plant pyroxylin lacquer fire. Viscosity of Nitrocellulose. By O. Merz. Farben-Ztg., 32, 2768-2771, 2886-. 2887 (1927). Published literature on the viscosity of nitrocellulose solutions and its determination is summarised. The Kauri-Butanol Solvency Test. By S. R. Kiehel. Paint, Orl and Chem. Rev., 84, No. 19, pp. 10-18. Nov. 10, 1927. Describes experiments to develop a test for the tolerance of varnish gums for diluents. Effect of Lacquer Plasticizer in Varnish. Paint, Ozl and Chem. Rev., 84, No. 19, p. 18; Nov. 10, 1927. The presence of small amounts of dibutyl phthalate greatly increases the life of varnishes. Lacquering Tea Room Furniture. Industrial Finishing, 4, No. 1, p. 12, November, 1927. Relates an experience in a small furniture factory, where excessive labor costs prevailed until materials and methods were brought com- pletely up-to-date. Varnish Versus Lacquer. By F. W. Hopkins. Paint, Oil and Chemical Re- view, 84, No. 23, p. 10, December, 1927. New Solvents and Their Specific Uses. Anon. Chemist & Druggist, 105, 667, eS | Sa 618. 619. 620. 621. 622. 623. 624. 625. 626. 627. 628. 629. 630. 631. 632. BIBLIOGRAPHY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 277 730-1, 804-5, 866-7 (1926); 106, 11-2, 110-11, 163-4, 221, 282, 343, 435, 530, 586, 646, 716, 787 (1927). Gives the solubility of cellulose nitrate and acetate, resins, gums and common organic diluents in a large number of solvents. Choosing Lacquer Solvents. Anon. Chem. Markets, 21, No. 19, Nov. 10, 1927, p. 637. Scratch-Proof Lacquer? Anon. Industrial Finishing, 4, No. 1, p. 92, Novem- ber, 1927. Lacquer Used to Finish Skyscraper Trim. Anon. Industrial Finishing, 4, No. 1, pp. 10-11, November, 1927. Paint and Varnish. Anon. Times Trade and Engineering Supplement, Novem- ber 26, 1927, p. 26. The author traces recent lines of development in the paint, varnish and lacquer industries in England, United States and Germany. Lacquers by Specification. By James B. Day. Ind. Finishing, 4, No. 2, p. 11, December, 1927. The author notes and commends an increase in the buying of lacquer by specification. Is Lacquer Spraying Hazardous? By E. W. Windsor. The Automobile Trim- mer and Painter, 6, No. 11, pp. 39-48 (1927). Discusses the fire hazards of lacquer spraying. The author does not believe that there is undue danger provided proper precautions are taken. Organophile Colloids. By J. Simonin. Rev. gén. mat. plast., 3, No. 10, pp. 603-9, October, 1927. A comparison of .solvents for cellulose esters and rubber. Flat Varnishes and Lacquers. By S. P. Wilson. Ind. Finishing, 4, No. 1, November, 1927, pp. 9-10. Attention is called to the characteristics, merits and uses of flat varnishes and lacquers. Use of Amyl Solvents in Lacquers. By M. M. Wilson. Am. Paint Journal, Convention Daily, October 27, 1927, p. 19. A discussion on synthetic amyl acetate. Nitrocellulose Collodions and Celluloid Films. By André Breguet. Rev. gén. mat. plastiques, 2, 215-25, 297-302, 429-35, 507-13, 563-7, 629-43, 679-95 (1926) ; 3, 71-7, 368-71, 487-98 (1927). A review of the stability and viscosity of nitro- cellulose collodions. Early History of Nitrocellulose. By R. W. Friese. Official Digest, Fed. of Paint and Var. Prod. Clubs, December, 1927. Refers to the rapid growth of lacquer industry in this country. Presents an interesting account of Schoen- bein’s original experiments and his predictions regarding the future use of nitrocellulose. Refers briefly to methods of manufacture. Points out some of the difficulties with lacquers and predicts that these difficulties will soon be entirely overcome by the chemist. Problems for Research in Lacquer and Varnish. By Paul S. Kennedy. Furni- ture Manufacturer, December, 1927, p. 60. The failures of lacquer and varnish films have been found to be very similar, as revealed by a study made by the writer, and presented in this article. Consideration has also been given to the development of a clear lacquer, which will withstand outside exposure. Grinding of Lacquer Pastes in Pebble and Steel Ball Mills. By E. H. Trussell, Official Digest, Fed. Paint and Varnish Prod. Clubs, December, 1927. Refers to the dispersion of pigments in vehicles for use in lacquers. Presents require- ments of mills for this purpose. Gives information on the comparative cost of mills and time of grinding of various pigments which are ordinarily difficult to grind. Roller Mill Grinding Lacquers. By Walter A. McKim. Official Digest, Fed. Paint and. Varnish Prod. Clubs, December, 1927. Presents the advantages of roller mills for grinding lacquer pastes. Grinding Lacquer Pastes on High Speed Roller Mills. By F. W. Hopkins. 278 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER Official Digest, Fed. Paint and Varnish Prod. Clubs, December, 1927. Presents information regarding two types of drives, speed of rollers, horsepower of motors, for grinding lacquer pastes. States that the fineness of pastes so ground is quite satisfactory for lacquer in comparison with belt-driven roller mills. Refers to method of operation and upkeep of the mills. 633. Why Are Lacquer Enamels Sprayed? By Herman E. Wennstrom. The Auto- mobile Trimmer and Painter, 6, No. 9, p. 49 (1927). The advantages of apply- ing lacquer by spraying are enumerated. 634. Preparing the Metal. By E. W. Windsor. The Automobile Trimmer and Painter, 6, No. 10, p. 36 (1927). Where a lacquer primer is used, and a per- manent finish is expected, an absolutely clean surface is essential. The primer will adhere properly when the metal is clean. Priming should be carried out immediately following the cleaning of the metal to prevent any possibility of rusting. 635. Brushing Lacquers. By M. Toch. Farben-Zeitung, 32, pp. 2710-12 (1927). Much time was required for the step from films of nitrocellulose on photo- 3 graphic plates to the present development of lacquers. 636. The Nitro-Oil or Combination Lacquer. By Fritz Kolke. Farben-Zeitung, 32, pp. 2710-12 (1927). Factors to be taken into consideration in formulating a combination lacquer (nitrocellulose lacquer combined with oil varnish). Sample formulas are given. 637. E. Z. A. Specifications for Nitrocellulose Lacquers and Enamels. Anon., Farben- Zeitung, 32, p. 2941 (1927). 638. Resistance of Lacquers to the Bending Test. By A. W. van Heuckeroth. U. S. Paint and Varnish Mfrs. Assoc. Circ.» No. 318. Tests similar to linseed oil extension and kauri reduction for varnishes have been devised for lacquers. 639. Proper Finishing over Lacquer. By M. C. Hillick. Painters Magazine, November, 1927, pp. 33-36. All lacquer will not hold finishing varnish success- fully, due (1) to impervious surface; (2) plastics causing varnish to peel off. A type of lacquer is produced that will hold varnish successfully if two coats are applied. : 640. Lacquer Finished Refrigerators. By G. H. Robertson. Jndustrial Finishing, 3, No. 12, pp. 12-19. Contains technical information of interest to finishers of metal refrigerators and other sheet-metal products. 641. Brushing Lacquer on Walls. Anon. American Painter and Decorator, October, 1927, p. 62. How brushing lacquer may successfully be used on plastered walls is the subject treated in this detailed discussion. Mention is also made of the present vogue of lacquering wallpaper, and the requirements necessary for good results. INDICES A Subject Index and a Name Index for the entire volume will be found on the following pages. An index of patent numbers is not included since all of the patent abstracts have been arranged numerically by country and are hence capable of ready reference. The Subject Index includes every constituent of the composi- tions mentioned in the patents abstracted. Some difficulty was experienced in properly indexing the broad classes of materials sometimes claimed by inventors as useful in their compositions. In search for classes of compounds, the reader is advised to look, also, for one or more of the more common specific members of the class sought. The Name Index includes inventors of patents, the assignees, where known, and authors of books and technical papers listed in the literature bibliography. In the latter section, the reader’s attention is called to the fact that the articles have been listed chronologically and that contributions by the same author appearing in a given year have generally been grouped together. INDEX OF MareriaLs NAMED IN Patents CITEp * Abietic Acid, Salts of—Eng. Pat. 7956— 1915. Acaroid Resin—Eng. Pat. 222,168—1923. Acetal—U.S.P. 269,344; 269,345; 478,543; 507,749; 518,387. Ger. Pat. 419,223. Acetaldehyde—Eng. Pat. 131,647—1918. D.R.P. 364,347. See also aldehyde. Acetaldol—U.8.P. 1,082,573; 1,303,563; 1,310,841. Eng. Pat. 22,540—1896; 22,622—1912; 22,623—1912. Fr. Pat. 449,606; 449,607. Ger. Pat. 292,951. Swiss. Pat. 63,136; 63,137. Austrian Pat. 72,493. Acetamid—U'S.P. 774,677. Eng. Pat. 7088—1902; 184,197—1921. Fr, Pat. 530,440. Acetanilid—US.P. 510617; 517,987; 551,456; 552,209; 553,270; 564,343; 568,104; 568,106; 1,188,356; 1,217,027; 1,298,199; 1,398,239; 1,529,056; 1,548,- 938; 1,607,090; 1,608,742; 1,608,743. Eng. Pat. 12,277—1905; 15,536—1907 ; 106,375—1916; 124,515—1916; 127,615 —1917; 127,678—1917; 277,626. Fr. Pat. 498,949; 354,942. See also phenylacetamid. Acet ortho anisidid—U.S.P. 1,280,279. \cet-para-anisidid—US.P. 1,090,642. French Pat. 459,542. Swiss Pat. 65,139. Acetates of alkalies or alkaline earths, use of in solvents—U.S.P. 573,132. Acetate compounds—Eng. Pat. 268,901. Acetates, mixed—US.P. 518,386; 555,596; 1,158,217. Acetbenzenesulfonamid—U'S.P. 758,335. Acetic acid—U.S.P. 371,021; 450,264; 494,791; 495,263; 518,387; 518,388; 555,696; 1,015,155; 1,015,156; 1,188, 655; 1,188,776; 1,188,777; 1,295,533; — 1,316,311; 1,425,510; 1,505,820; 1,608,- 742: 1,633,292. Eng. Pat. 466—1883; 7277—1893; 27,- * See note on preceding page. 13,131—1900 ; 534—1897; 13,560—1898; 11,397— 1907 ; 1799—1909; 1799—1910; 3559— 1910; 16,271—1911; 15,386—1913; 127,027—1917; 131,647—1918; 179,- 234—1921; 181,392—1922, 255,803; 268,901. Fr. Pat. 319,926; 368,004; 435,417; 432,- 483; 472,423. Ger. Pat. 238,361; 276,013; 406,426. Swiss Pat—51,952; 60,988. Austrian. Pat. 47,899. Acetic acid, glacial—U.S.P. 1,122,554; 1,140,174; 1,217,027; 1,217,123; 1,420,- 028; 1,451,313; 1,563,205. Eng. Pat. 1313—1865; 2694—1887; 15,- 355—1899; 26,075—1901; 15,696— 1903; 17,232—1904; 15,841—1909; 1441—1910; 14,586—1910; 23,728— 1912; 714—1914; 134,228—1919; 184,- 495—1921; 203,449. Fr. Pat, 333,824; 347,303; 410,973; 412,- 797; 413,657; 415,945; 448,808; 450,- 746; 517,356. Ger. Pat. 27,031; 40,373; 86,740. Aust. Pat. 61,055. Acetic acid, glacial, use of in mfg. pyroxylin solvents—U.S.P. 494,790. Acetic acid, chlorethylene ester of—Fr. Pat. 432,264. Acetic acid esters — Fr. 581,177. Eng. Pat. 123,628—1918; 243,030; 263,- 076. Ger. Pat. 254,784. Swiss Pat. 95,376. Acetic acid glycerine esters—Eng. Pat. 154,157—1919 Acetic acid, nitro, chloro, glycerine ethers of—Eng. Pat. 15,914—1894. Acetic anhydride—U.S.P. 888,516; 954,- 310. Eng. Pat. 17,232—1904; 23,728—1912. Fr. Pat. 441,146. Acetic esters, mono—U.S.P. 1,365,049. Acetic esters, mono & di—Eng. Pat. 29,- 963—1912. 248,559; 254,193; Pat. 52,115; 279 280 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER Acetic ethers—U.S.P. 1,015,155; 1,015,- Eng. Pat. 21,331—1894. 156; 1,175,791; 1,195,040; 1,343,135; Fr. Pat. 459,542. 1,351,652; 1,354,401; 1,437,952; 1,451,- Swiss Pat. 65,139. 313: 1,493,207; 1,493,208; 1,493,209; p-Acetoluid—U.S.P. 528,812. 1,493,210; 1,512,751; 1,521,056. Eng. Pat. 21,331—1894. Eng. Pat. 466—1883; 13,139—1894; Ger. Pat. 80,776. 2568—1896; 11,927—1898; 9962— Acetone—US.P. 269,343; 381,354; 463,- 1904; 3450—1906; 10,708—1911; 15,- 039; 470,451; 471,422; 507,749; 386—1913; 12,091—1915; 124,763— 510,617; 517,987; 542,692; 543,108; 1916; 134,228—1919; 230,663—1925. 551,456; 552,934; 552,935; 553,270; Fr. Pat. 580,882. 559,823; 561,624; 566,349; 578,714; Aust. Pat. 34,908; 47,899. 598,649; 596,662; 621,360; 783,828; Swiss Pat. 51,952. 797,373; 855,556; 881,827; 884,475; Acetin—U.S.P. 946,294; 1,005,454; 1,360,- 888,516; 894,108; 927,674; 942,395; 759; 1,641,529. 972,464; 974,285; 974,900; 979,431; Eng. Pat. 13,100—1910; 13,131—1900; 988,965; 999,490; 1,005,454; 1,015,- 476—1910; 25,449-—1911; 16,940— 155; 1,015,156; 1,021,569; 1,025,217; 1913; 165,439—1921; 176,367—1921. 1,027,614; 1,027,615; 1,027,616; 1,027,- Can. Pat. 214,462. 617; 1,027,618; 1,027,619; 1,035,108; Fr. Pat. 408,370; 465,345; 476,991. 1,039,782; 1,050,065; 1,067,785; 1,089,- Ger. Pat. 240.188. 960; 1,094,830; 1,095,999; 1,105,619; Aust. Pat. 50,656. 1,112,890; 1,122,554; 1,133,385; 1,140,- See also triacetin, glyceryl triacetin. 174; 1,141,224; 1,153,574; 1,158,961; Acetin, mono-, di-, or tri—U SP. 1,338,- 1,161,063 ; 1,175,791; 1,181,860 ; 1,188,- 691 356; 1,188,655; 1,188,776; 1,188,777; 1,195,040; 1,195,673; 1,199,798; 1,200,- a 4 40—1914. x ? 3 Ss F ’ Bb] > ’ ? > “ sae os 886; 1,202,495; 1,217,027; 1,217,125; Acetnaphthalid—Eng. Pat. 127,678—1917. 1,244,107; 1,244,108; 1,244,347; 1,244- Acet-@-naphthalid—U S.P. 1,090,642. 348; 1,244,349; 1,245,476; 1,256,240; Fr. Pat. 459,542. 1,295,533 ; 1,298,199; 1,303,563; 1,309,- Swiss Pat. 65.139. 980; 1,809,981; 1,310,841; 1,316,311; Acetoacetic acid—Fr. Pat. 340,622. BPS ia saan eae Aceto acetic ether—U.S.P. 1,426,521; 9 2,0KO 1M, LI GO0,; LwUvyEal 1,521,055. 1,342,601; 1,342,602; 1,342,603; 1,343,- Eng. Pat. 3557—1893; 158,521—1918. Lert aie taption: (eet Fr. Pat. 445,638; 495,000 904,401 ; 1,354,725; 1,354,726; 1,357,- Bhich sraiiviape S59 ee ose nick 447; 1,360,759; 1,363,763; 1,366,256; Acetochlorhydrin — U.S.P. 1,015,155; 1 370,853: 1.370.878: 1370879: 1.379 1,244,107; 1,244,108; 1,244,347; 1,244,- UU GOS 5 hee OOS 5 eae et races 348 « 1 944 349 ; Sat) : ge : 596 ; 1,380,258 ; 1,382,077 ; 1,392,040; We Bee il ie eee ; 103; 1,397,986; 1,398,239; 1,398,939; Sh ies, ene 1,398,946; 1,406,224; 1,406,498; 1,408,- yearn trp Ret 095; 1,408,423; 1,410,790; 1,415,059; hai pice ia ee 1,420,028; 1,425,510; 1,426,521; 1.429,- Acetodichlorhydrin—U.S.P. 1,027,486 ; 153; 1,429,179: 1.430.020: 1.431.900: 1,199,800; 1,244,107; 1,244,108; 1,244, Adds 1 Re Leh. tee eens 199,800; 1, 1,434,634; 1,437,170; 1,437,828; 1,437,- 347; 1,244,348; 1,244,349; 1,245,476: , é se : 829; 1,440,006; 1,440,178; 1,444,333; 1,319,229; 1,386,576; 1,388,472. 1,449,156; 1,449,157; 1,453,764; 1,456,- Ger. Pat. 125,315. | 782; 1,467,071; 1,467,098; 1,467,099; Aceto-dicyclo-hexylamine—U S.P. 1,200,- 1,467,100; 1,467,101; 1,467,102; 1,467,- 886. 103; 1,467,104; 1,467,105; 1,468,820; Acetoglycerol—U.S.P. 996,191. 1,469,816; 1,469,839; 1,480,016; 1,481,- Acetol—Fr. Pat. 432,264. See also Acetyl 485; 1,485,294; 1,488,608; 1,493,207; carbinol. 1,493,208; 1,493,209; 1,493,210; 1,500,- o-Acetoluid—U.S.P. 528,812; 1,090,642. 366; 1,501,206; 1,508,483; 1,508,484; INDEX OF MATERIALS NAMED IN PATENTS CITED 1,512,751; 1,521,055; 1,521,056; 1,522,- 852; 1,518,396; 1,529,056; 1,530,987; 281 627; 263,175; 268,901; 275,969; 276,- 834. 1,536,052; 1,538,858; 1,538,859; 1,538,- Can. Pat. 238,217; 259,662; 260,927; 860; 1,538,861; 1,538,862; 1,548,932; 260,463; 261,371; 268,571. 1,552,795; 1,552,797; 1,552,806; 1,556- Fr. Pat. 184,548; 320,452; 322,457; 512; 1,563,205; 1,564,664; 1,572,232; 324,121; 333,824; 336,970; 340,622: 1,575,778; 1,580,189; 1,589,700; 1,591,- 342,469; 344,501; 351,555; 368,004; 652; 1,594,525; 1,596,965; 1,607,516; 374,395; 379,589; 387,179; 379,979; 1,608,742; 1,608,743; 1,617,237; 1,626,- 387,791; 393,963; 397,429; 402,072: 113; 1,630,752; 1,631,468; 1,633,683; 412,797; 413,657; 415,517; 415,945; 1,639,080; 1,641,411; 1,641,413; 1,644,- 418,347: 420,212; 421,843; 422,763; 417; 1,644,420; 1,652,353; 1,653,008. 425,900; 427,804; 429,788; 432,264; Eng. Pat. 6542—1892; 6543—1892; 21,- 435,417; 436,538; 440,955; 441,146; 455—1893; 6389—1896; 12,693—1896; 422.819: 432,483; 445,638: 447,645; 7975—1897; 27,534—1897; 13,560— 447,664; 448808; 452,432: 454,379; 1898; 20,092—1899; 7088—1902; 9992 456,261; 461,034; 461,544; 463,156; —1902; 4863—1903; 15,696—1903; 463,622; 464,617; 464,646; 467,800; 5280—1904; 222451904; 26,072— 469,872: 470,092: 472,423; 477,294; 1904; °28,376—1904; 26,201—1905; 491,490; 495,000; 498,949; 499,868; 11,397—1907; 11,928—1907; 19,735— 501,700; 508,975; 521,370; 562,056; 1908; 1799—1909; 11,625—1909; 24,- 580,882; 580,883; 596,838; 601,547; 006—1909; 1441—1910; 17791910; 601,662; 611,899. 6519—1910; 8646—1910; 10,794— D.R.P. 80,776; 103,726; 151,918; 1910; 12,406—1910; 14,586—1910; 185,808; 189,703; 202,720; 210,519; 21,719—1910; 2064—1911; 2145— 211,520; 238,361; 240,751; 242,467; 1911; 4253—1911; 6798—1911; 10,- 242.786; 244,566; 246657; 253,984; 708—1911; 16,271—1911; 16,810— 267,992; 276,661; 279,127; 281,265; 1911; 20,976—1911; 21,426—1911; 18,- 284,672; 295,764; 314,317; 331,285; 8221912; 23,728—1912; 28,210— 352,905; 364,347; 397,919. 1912; 24251913; 8880—1913; 17,- Aust. Pat. 17,684; 25,570; 34,908; 953—1913; 25,182—1913; 26,079— 45,239: 47,899; 50,656; 53,109; 61,- - 1913; 28,490—1913; 7086—1913; 714 055; 69,916. —1914; 1262—1914; 4668—1914; Swiss Pat. 53,760; 51,952; 52,115; 66,- 8126—1914; 12,895—1914; 13,100— 509: 66,510: 67,591; 86,853; 115,116. 1914; 14042—1914; 18,268—1914; Acetone cinchonine—U.S.P. 1,349,156. 15,428—1915; 124,515—1916; 124,763 Acetone—glycerine—US.P. 996,191. —1916; 124,807—1916; 128,274— Fr. Pat. 589,732. 1916; 127,027—1917; 127615—1917; Acetone oils—U.S.P. 1,185,514; 1,341,710; 127,678—1917 ; 128,659—1917; 128,974 1,394,890; 1,398,239; 1,437,170; 1,469,- —1917; 123,628—1918; 131,369— 812; 1,562,383; 1,562,385; 1,562,387; 1918; 131,647—1918; 131,669—1918; 1,633,683. 132,996—1918; 158,521—1918; 122,- Eng. Pat. 6542-1892; 6543—1892; 13,131 679—1919; 128,215—1919; 134,228— 1900; 714—1914. 1919; 149,319—1919; 145,510—1920; D.RP. 281,265. 146,212—1920; 156,752—1920; 157,126 Acetone—phenol condensation products —1921; 161,564—1921; 176,367— —Aust. Pat. 63,966. 1921; 177,268—1921; 179,234—1921; Acetone sulphate of cinchonine—US.P. 184,671—1921; 177,536—1922; 189,942 1,349,156. —1922 ; 195,849—1922 ; 202,154—1922; Acetone, treated with a dehydrating 202,835—1922; 205,195—1922; 205,446 agent (burnt lime)—French Pat. —1923; 205,828—1923 ; 209,633—1923 ; 505,073. 209,727—1923; 211,892—1923; 222,168 Acetonitrite—D.R.P. 368,476. —1923 ; 230,663—1925; 233,874—1925; Acetophenon—U.S.P. 598,649; 774,677; 238,485—1925; 243,030; 243,350; 243,- 722: 247,289; 256,214; 256,229; 257,- 1,005,454; 1,467,098. Eng. Pat. 7088—1902. 282 Eng. Pat. 15,536—1907; 128,215—1919. Fr, Pat.—432,264. Aust. Pat. 50,656. Acetophenon, alkyloxy derivatives of— Eng. Pat. 128,215—1919. Acetophenon, chlorinated—Eng. Pat. 20,- 975—1911. Fr. Pat. 432,264. Acet ortho phenetidid—U.8.P. 1,280,279. o-Acetphenetidine—Eng. Pat. 21,331— 1894, p.Acetphenetidine—U.S.P. 528,812. Eng. Pat.—21,331—1894. Acet-p-toluensulfoamid—US.P. 758,335. Acetyl acetone—U.S.P. 1,363,763; 1,552,- 800. Eng. Pat. 1381,669—1918. Fr. Pat. 432,264; 501,700. Acetyl amyl tartrate—US.P. 1,639,080. 476—1910; Acetyl benzyl-o-toluidine—Eng. Pat. 13,100—1910. Fr. Pat. 408,370. Acetyl carbinol—Fr. Pat. 432,264. See acetol. Acetyl chloride—Fr. Pat. 441,146. Acetyldicyclohexylamine — Eng. Pat. 9270—1914. Acetyldiphenylamine—Eng. Pat. 12,863 —1901. Fr. Pat. 312,817; 432,264. D.R.P—132,371. Aust. 11,376. Acetylglycollic acid, amyl ester of— D.R.P.—324,786. Acetylglycollic acid, ethyl ester of— Aust. Pat. 78,972. Acetylidicyclohexylamine—D.R.P. 281,- 225. Acetyl-methyl-aniline—U.8.P. 1,015,156; 1,420,028. Aust. Pat. 47,899. Swiss Pat. 51,952. Acetyloxystearic acid, alkyl esters of mono-, di-, or tri-, —U.S.P. 1,357,876. Acetyloxystearic acid, glyceryl esters of mono-, di-, or tri-, —U.S.P. 1,357,876 Acetyl paraethyloxyphenyl methane— U.S.P.—568,106. Acetyl paraoxyphenyl methane—U.S.P. 568,106 Acetyl-p-phenetidine—U.S.P. 1,460,097. Acetyl-phenylnaphthyl amine—Eng. Pat. 12,863—1901. Loess dae dats A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER Aust. Pat. 11,376 Acetyl-phenyltolyl-amine — Eng. 12,863—1901, D.R:Pi 43288 Aust. Pat. 11,376. Acetyltriethylcitric ether—U.S.P. 568,- 105. Acetylated 343,182 Acetylating textiles—Fr. Pat. 320,885. D.RP. 224,330. Acetylene, chlorinated—Swiss Pat. 63,- 584. Acetylene, chlorinated derivatives of— Fr. Pat. 432,047; 432,264. Acetylene and coal tar, oils produced from—U.S.P. 1,563,204. Acetylene dichloride—US.P. 1,217,027; 1,563,205, : Acetylene pentachloride—U.S.P. 1,217,- 027. Acetylene tetrachloride—U.S.P. 804,960; 972,464; 1,009,116; 1,035,108; 1,050,- 065; 1,067,785; 1,094,830; 1,107,222; 1,133,385; 1,173,931; 1,195,040; 1,199,- 798; 1,217,027; 1,244,107; 1,244,108; 1,244,347; 1,244,348: 1,244,349; 1,245, 476; 1,575,778; 1,319,229; 1,386,576; 1,644,417; 1,644,420. Eng. Pat. 6751—1905; 11,625—1909; 10,794—1910; 28,490—1913; 146,212— 1919; 161,564—1921; 238,485—1925 ; 258,698. Can. Pat. 260,463. Fr. Pat. 352,897 ; 402,072; 417,319; 419,- 530; 461,058; 596,838. D.R.P.—175,3879; 188,542; 331,285. Aust. Pat. 29,219; 34,908; 42,440. Swiss Pat. 52,115. See also tetrachlorethane. Acetylene trichloride—U.S.P. 1,217,027. Acetxylid—U.S.P. 564,343. Acids—U.S.P. 494,791; 794,581; 830,493. Eng. Pat. 7688—1892. Acid amides—Fr. Pat. 319,724. Acid proof, rendering celluloid—US.P. 974,285; 1,481,485. Acid, treating plush or velvet with—Fr. Pat. 459,048. Acrylic acid, alkyl esters of—D.RP. 367,294. Acyclic alcohols—Eng. Pat. 236,190— 1925. Pat. alkylarylamines — D.RP. 240,751 ; INDEX OF MATERIALS NAMED IN PATENTS CITED 283 Acyl compounds of hydrogenated aro- matic amines—D.R.P. 281,225. Acylic carbon compounds—U.S.P. 904,- 269. Adherence, promoting—US.P. 1,564,664. Adhesion, promoting—U.S.P. 1,382,077. Adhesive—U.S.P. 1,242,491; 1,247,610. Eng. Pat. 26,072—1904; 4253—1911; 137,455—1919; 14,586—1910; 7086— 1913; 258,698. French Pat. 415,945; 447,664; 454,379; 477,294. Ger. Pat. 253,984; 254,193; 276,661; 317,412; 322,648. Swiss Pat. 60,988; 86,853. Adhesive, use of lacquer as—U.S.P.— 1,516,506. Adipic acid, diethyl ester of—D.R.P. 317,412. Adipic acid, dimethyl esters of—D.R.P. 317,412. Adipic acid, B-methyl ester—D.R.P. 317,412. Adonitediformal—U.S.P. 996,191. Agar—Fr. Pat. 429,166. Aeroplane varnishes—US.P. 1,393,355; 1,394,890. See also dopes for aero- plane. Albumens—U.S.P. 830,498; 952,724. Eng. Pat. 2256—1856; 2143—1864; 383 —1887; 21,485—1892; 11,927—1898;: 4154—1909. Fr, Pat. 331,819; 402,028; 424,820. D.R.P. 207,869; 242,467. Albuminoids—D.R.P. 115,681. Aibuminous substances—U.S.P. 888,516. Alcohol, ethylI—U.S.P. 35,687; 91,393; 97,454: 112,370; 150,722; 209,570: 251,410; 262,077; 265,337; 269,341: 269,342; 269,345; 286,212; 304,229; 329,313; 381,354; 410,205; 410,207; 410,209; 463,039; 470,451; 471,422: 494,790: 494,791; 494,792: 494,793; 495,263; 502,546; 502,547: 508,401: 503,402; 504,905; 517,987; 518,388; 542,692; 551,456; 552,209; 553,270; 559,823: 559,824: 566,349; 568,106; 572,134: 578,714; 595,355; 598,649; 602,797; 610,728; 610,861; 628,463; 797,373; 830,493; 874,879; 888,516; 894,108; 928,285; 942,395; 951,582; 961,360; 979,481; 988,965; 996,191; 999,490: 1,005,454; 1,015,155; 1,015,- 156; 1,027,486; 1,027,614; 1,027,615; 1,027,616; 1,027,617; 1,027,618; 1,039,- 782; 1,041,113; 1,041,114; 1,041,116: 1,041,118; 1,045,895; 1,067,785; 1,076,- 216; 1,079,773; 1,089,960; 1,124,012; 1,128,468; 1,140,174; 1,153,596; 1,158,- 217; 1,161,063; 1,165,179; 1,175,791; 1,181,858; 1,181,859; 1,181,860; 1,185,- . 074; 1,185,514; 1,188,655; 1,188,798; 1,191,801; 1,195,040; 1,195,431; 1,195,- 673; 1,196,144; 1,199,798; 1,199,799; 1,199,800; 1,200,886; 1,202,495; 1,205,- 822; 1,216,581; 1,217,027; 1,217,123; 1,226,340; 1,226,343; 1,229,485; 1,229. 487; 1,234,921; 1,242,783; 1,244,107; 1,244,108; 1,244,347; 1,244,348; 1,244- 349; 1,256,240; 1,265,217; 1,266,073; 1,281,080; 1,301,187; 1,303,563; 1,308,- 803; 1,317,276; 1,321,633; 1,321,634; 1,323,624; 1,330,421; 1,332,349; 1,352,- 741; 1,353,385; 1,357,447; 1,357,614; 1,360,759; 1,363,763; 1,370,853; 1,382,- 077; 1,384,188; 1,386,576; 1,388,472; 1,393,290; 1,394,505; 1,394,890; 1,395,- 401; 1,395,905; 1,397,173; 1,397,493; 1,397,986; 1,398,239; 1,400,196; 1,402,- 969; 1,405,448; 1,405,490; 1,405,491: 1,406,224; 1,408,423; 1,410,790; 1,411, 708; 1,418,413; 1,420,028; 1,425,173; 1,429,153; 1,429,174; 1,429,179; 1,429,- 188; 1,430,020; 1,431,905; 1,432,364; 1,432,373; 1,434,426; 1,434,427; 1,437, 170; 1,487,792; 1,437,828; 1,437,829; 1,437,952; 1,439,293; 1,439,656; 1,440, 006; 1,441,181; 1,444,331; 1,449,157; 1,450,714; 1,450,715; 1,450,716; 1,456,- 782; 1,466,819; 1,467,092; 1,467,093; 1,467,094; 1,467,095; 1,467,096; 1, 467,097; 1,467,098; 1,467,099; 1,467,- 100; 1,467,101; 1,467,102; 1,467,103: 1,467,104; 1,467,105; 1,468,820; 1,469,- 812; 1,469,813; 1,469,816; 1,469,862; 1,469,863; 1,479,955; 1,480,016; 1,488,- 608; 1,493,207; 1,493,208; 1,493,209; 1,493,210; 1,496,198; 1,500,366; 1,501,- 206; 1,508,483; 1,508,484; 1,512,751; 1,521,859; 1,533,616; 1,538,858; 1,538,- 859; 1,538,860; 1,538,862; 1,548,932; 1,548,933; 1,552,795; 1,552,796; 1,552,- 798; 1,552,799; 1,552,800; 1,552,801; 1,552,802; 1,552,804; 1,552,805; 1,552, 806; 1,552,808; 1,554,505; 1,556,512; 1,563,204; 1,563,205; 1,590,156; 1,594,- 521; 1,596,965; 1,598,949; 1,599,569: 1,600,700; 1,607,090; 1,607,516; 1,608,- 742; 1,612,669; 1,618,481; 1,618,482; 1,618,483; 1,618,484; 1,620,977; 1,626,- 284 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 113; 1,630,752; 1,631,468; 1,633,683; 1,641,411; 1,641,412; 1,641,413; 1,644,- 417; 1,644,420; 1,651,578; 1,652,353; 1,653,008; 1,653,010. Eng. Pat. 2359—1855; 639—1858; 1695 Fr. —1867; 3102—1869; 1208—1871; 2484 —1878: 959—1879; 1865—1879; 1866 —1879; 3072—1882; 466—1883; 5974 —1883; 5433—1884; 54131886; 383 —1887: 5791—1887; 16,330—1887; 5344—1889; 8823—1891; 7688—1892; 72771893; 7784—1893; 13,139— 1894; 15,327—1894; 6389—1896; 6858 —1896; 12,693—1896; 13,198—1896; 25,779-—1896; 27,534—1897; 11,927— 1898; 15,355—1899; 8301—1901; 18,- 7441901; 4863—1903; 15,696—1903; 5280—1904; 99621904; 22,245 1904; 28,376—1904; 26,201—1905; 11,397—1907; 11,928—1907; 24,214— 1907; 413—1908; 11,340—1909; 24,006 —1909; 12,976—1909; 6519—1910; 10,320—1910; 10,794—1910; 13,692— 1910; 16,932—1910; 18,189—1910; 21,719--1910; 29,246—1910; 29,273— 1910; 6798—1911; 10,708—1911; 16,- 810—1911; 20,976—1911; 20,979— 1911; 21,426—1911; 3869—1912; 10,- 222-1912: 18,822--1912; 28 210— 1912; 7086—1913; 2465—1913; 6387— 1913; 25,182—1913; 7141914; 4668 —1914; 8126—1914; 9270—1914; 13,- 100—1914; 14,042—1914; 140—1915; 7956—1915; 12,091—1915; 105,137— 1916; 124,807—1916; 127,027—1917; 128,659—1917; 128,974—1917; 129,033 —1917; 122,456—1918; 122,679— 1918; 131,647—1918; 128,215—1919; 134,228 1919; 158,586—1919; 160,- 225—1919; 164,032—1919; 164,033— 1919; 164,384—1919; 138,078—1920; 145,511—1920; 146,212 1920: 148- 117—1920; 156,752—1920; 161,564— 1921; 179,234—1921; 182,820—1921; 184,197—1921; 184,671—1921: 177,- 536—1922; 190,694—1922: 194,727— 1922; 2021541922: 202,835—1922; 209,727—1922: 231,161—1923: 233,874 —1925 ; 236,190 —1925 ; 238,485—1925 ; 230,663—1925 ; 2508941926; 256,229 —1926; 268,901—1927. Pat. 182,495; 184,548; 233,727: 320,133; 322,457; 324,121; 324,718; 328,054; 328,658; 331,819; 333,824; 336,970; 340,622; 347,303; 351,555; 352,853 ; 368,004 ; 383,478; 408,396 ; 417,319; 419,530; 423,774; 431,711; 439,721; 447 645; 456,261 ; 469,925 ; 483,316; 501,700; 521,370; 580,882 ; 600,178. Can. Pat. 179,699; 201,913; 214,462; 260,463; 262,784. D.R.P. 10,210; 17,089; 27,031; 86,740; 93,009; 163,668; 168,497; 169,782; 175,379; 180,208; 180,489; 185,808; 202,720; 210,519; 211,520; 220,322; 222,777; 240,188; 244,566; 249,535; 250,421; 254,193; 254,385; 254,784; 255,692; 267,992; 268,627; 277,490; 279,127; 279,638; 281,225; 281,265; 281,374; 295,764; 364,347; 372,856; 375,640. Aust. Pat. 17,684; 25,570; 28,298: 29,219; 34,908; 50,656; 54,512; 56,488; 61,055; 63,966; 99,665. Sets Pat. 47 559; 51,952; 52,273; 53,- 760; 59,164; 60,988; 67,591, Jap. Pat. 37 972: 42 553. Alcohols—Eng. Pat. 243,350; 275,969. D.R.P. 419,223. Alcohols, Acylic—Eng. Pat. 236,190— 1925. Alcohol, anhydrous ethyI—U.S.P. 1,562,- 386; 1,562,544; 1,564,664. Eng. Pat. 226,142; 243,614. Fr. Pat. 587,486; 601,547; 601,662. Can. Pat. 259,662, 261,371. Alcohols, higher—Eng. Pat. 263,184. Alcohol-benzene—Eng. Pat. 131,669— 1918; 164,384—1919; 164,385—1919; 164 386—1919: 161 564—1921 « 182 820 1921; 181 392-1922, D.R.P. 352,905; 367,294. Alcohol-carbon tetrachloride—Eng. Pat. 161 ,564—1921; 182,820—1921. Alcohol, esters of polyhydric—Eng. Pat. 16,940—1913. 361,954; 377,039 ; 387,179; 411,126; 418,309; 420,212; 424,820; 432,047 ; 440,955; 447 664 ; 456,729 ; 470,092 ; 488,994 ; 504,347 ; 521,476; 580,883 ; 363,090 ; 379,589 ; 392,505 ; 416,843; 418,347; 418,744; 421,843; 422,763; 429,788; 431,090; 432,264; 432,483; 441,146; 443,031; 448,808; 450,746; 464,617; 467,800; 471,104; 472,423; 491,490; 499,703; 517,356; 519,536; 530,440; 553,547; 595,155; 596,838 ; 363,592; 381,195; 397,429; 417,250; 196,925 ; 238,217; 196,926 ; 249,773; INDEX OF MATERIALS NAMED IN PATENTS CITED 285 Fr. Pat. 476,991. Alcohol-ether—U.8S.P. 89,582; 128,416; 190,865; 234,675; 313,245; 1,141,224; 1,249,390. Eng. Pat. 2953—1864; 5413—1886; 9261 —1894; 4577—1906; 17,953—1912; 205,446—1923; 184,173. Fr. Pat. 340,622; 342,464; 351,555; 421,- 854; 429,166. D.R.P. 17,089; 85,235. Alcohols having more than two carbon atoms—Can. Pat. 175,107. Alcohol, hot—Fr. Pat. 317,007; 412,799; 432,046. De 1B Dor, Alcohols (polybasic) condensation prod- ucts of—D.R. Pat. 214,962. Alcohol, polyvalent—U.S.P. 1,317,721. Alcohol, hydrogenized cyclic—U.S.P. 1,045,895. Alcohols, primary—Eng. Pat. 7277—1893. Alcoholates, salts of—Fr. Pat. 432,264. Alcoholic acetates—U.S.P. 598,649. Alcoholized ether—Eng. Pat. 745—1855. Aldehyde—U.S.P. 97,454. Eng. Pat. 3102—1869; 15,914—1894; 15,536—1907 ; 200,186—1922. D.R.P. 168,497; 195,312; 375,640. See also acetaldehyde. Aldehyde—alcohol — Fr. 449 607. D.R.P. 292,951. Swiss Pat. 63,1386. See also aldol. Aldehydes, aromatic—Fr. Pat. 409,557. Pat. 449,606; Aldehydes, condensation products— D.RP. 214,962. Aldehyde-ketone condensation prod- ucts—Ir. Pat. 508,975. Aldehyde group, organic acids containing —Fr. Pat. 319,724. Aldehydes of the terpene series—Fr. Pat. 418,347. Aldol—U.S.P. 1,234,921. Eng. Pat. 22,622—1912. Swiss Pat. 63,137. See also aldehyde-alcohol. Aldoses—D.R.P. 312,392. Algol dyestuffs—Eng. Pat. 1378—1912. -Alizarine coloring matter—Eng. Pat. '21,455—1893; 15,327—1894; 158,521— 1918. Fr. Pat, 233,727. Alizarine red—U.S.P. 1,426,521. Eng. Pat. 158,521—1918, Alkali—U.S.P. 1,583,709. Alkali bicarbonate—U.S.P. 972,953. Cane Pat. 192232) Fr. Pat. 421,058. Alkali bromides—D.R.P. 266,600. Alkali iodides—D.R.P. 266,600. Alkali-metal hydroxide, use of in dis- | solving cellulose—U.S.P. 1,379,699. Alkali salts of aromatic mono- and poly- sulfonic acids—D.R.P. 266,600. Alkali, treating plush or velvet with— Fr, Pat. 459,048. Alkali, use of as 379,589. Alkali xanthogenates—D.R.P. 266,600. Alkaline earth acetates, use of in sol- vents—U.S.P. 573,132. Alkaline earths, alkyl sulphates of— US.P. 573,132. Alkaline earth chlorides—US.P. 573,132. Alkaline earths and metals, nitrates of— D.R.P. 266,600. Alkaline earth salts—D.R.P. 206,471. — Alkoyl derivatives of aromatic amines as pyroxylin solvent—US8.P. 528,812. Alkyl acetanilid—US.P. 551,456. Alkyl acetate—U.S.P. 1,341,710. Alkyl carbonates—D.R.P. 280,376. Alkyl chloride—U.S.P. 628,463. . Alkyl chlorides, low boiling—Eng. Pat. 25,779—1896. : Alkyl esters—Eng. Pat. 22,662—1901. Alkyl ester of fatty acid—Eng. Pat. 202 ,835—1922. Alkyl ether of aromatic sulphoacid— Fr. Pat. 295,592. Alkyl naphthyl amines—Eng. Pat. 15,435 —1904; 16,271—1906. Can. Pat. 103,036. Fr. Pat. 341,556; 377,671. Alkylsulphates of alkalies or alkaline earths, use of in solvents—US.P. 573,la2. Alkylating agents, treating cellulose with —Eng. Pat. 164,374—1919; 164,377— 1919. Alkylidene ethers of chlorohydrins— D.R.P. 288,267. Alkylsulfuric acid, salts of—Eng. Pat. 6858—1896. Alophane—U SP. 1,534,651. Alum—U.S.P. 1,429,295; 1,554,505; 1,594,- 201. Eng. Pat. 24,695—1893; 11,927—1898. Fr. Pat. 351,555. D.R.P. 314,317. solvent—Fr. Pat. 286 Alum earths—U.S.P. 1,464,949. Alumina—US.P. 294,557. Eng. Pat. 24,790—1896. Fr. Pat. 328,054; ad. 328,054; 470,726. Aluminium acetate—Fr. Pat. 328,054. Aluminium acetate, basic—U.8.P. 1,534,- 651. Eng. Pat. 17,449—1909. Fr, Pat. 403,761. Aluminium antimonate—U.8.P. 1,538,860. Aluminium chlorides—Fr. Pat. 344,501; 351,555; 402,950. D.R.P. 93,009. Aluminium fluoride—U.S.P. 1,534,651. Eng. Pat. 233,874—1925. Fr, Pat. 580,883. Aluminium formate—D.R.P. 347,014. Aluminium hydrate—US.P. 1,426,521; 1,534,651; 1,590,782. Eng. Pat. 4668—1914; 158,521—1918. Fr. Pat. 495,000. Aluminium metal—Eng. Pat. 25,675— 1896; 8125—1914; 105,137—1916; 126,989—1916. U,8.P.91,652)587. Aluminium metal, coating of—Fr. Pat. 470,092. Aluminium oxychloride—USP. 651. Aluminium phosphate—U.S.P. 1,534,651. Eng. Pat. 233,874—1925. Fr. Pat. 580,883. Aluminium powder—U.S.P. 1,521,055; 1,521,056. Eng. Pat. 1715—1908; 131,641—1918. Fr. Pat. 398,084; 469,872. D.R.P. 372,856; 405,025. Aluminium resinate—U.S.P. 1,410,790. Eng. Pat. 8283—1913. Aluminium ricinoleate—Fr. Pat. 374,395. Aluminium salts—U.S.P. 928,235. Fr. Pat. 328,054. D.R.P. 93,009. Aluminium sulphate—U.8.P. 1,554,505. Aluminium and zinc, double salts of— Fr, Pat. 403,761. Eng. Pat. 17,449—1909. Amber gum, yellow—D.R.P. 177,778. Amides—Eng. Pat. 13,100—1910. Fr. Pat. 408,370. Amidines—Eng. Pat. 10,228—1906. Fr. Pat. 366,106. D.R.P. 180,126. Amines—U.S.P. 1,529,056. Eng. Pat, 13,100—1910. 1,534,- 1,410,790; A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER Fr. Pat. 408,370. Amines, acetyl derivatives of secondary —Eng. Pat. 16,271—1906. Can. Pat. 103,036. Fr. Pat. 377,671. Amines, acid derivatives of aromatic— D.R.P. 80,776. Amines, acidyl derivatives of halogen- ated aromatic—Fr, Pat. 341,556. Amines, acyl compounds of hydrogen- ated aromatic—D.R.P. 281,225. Amines, alkoyl derivatives of aromatic— U.S.P. 528,812. Amines, alkyl naphthyl—Eng. Pat. 16,271 —1906. . Amines, alkyl derivatives of aromatic— Eng. Pat. 21,331—1894. Amines, benzoyl derivatives of second- ary—Eng. Pat. 16,271—1906. Can. Pat. 103,036. Fr. Pat. 377,671. Amine compounds, halogen derivatives of primary aromatic—Fr. Pat. 341,556. Amines, diacetylated—D.R.P. 391,873. Amines, ethoxalyl derivatives of sec- ondary—Eng. Pat. 16,271—1906. Can. Pat. 103,036. Fr. Pat. 377,6¢48 Amines, formyl] derivatives of secondary —Eng. Pat. 16,271—1906. Can. Pat. 103,036. Fr. Pat. 377,671. Amine group, organic acids containing— Fr, Pat. 319,724. Amines, primary aromatic—US.P. 1,015,- 155; 1,015,156. Aust. P. 47,899. Swiss P. 51,952. Amines, secondary 1,015,156. Aust. P. 47,899. Swiss P. 51,952. Ammonia—Fr. Pat. 420,044. Ammonia, anhydrous—U.S.P. 1,439,293. Eng. Pat. 190,694—1922, — Fr. Pat, 553,547, Ammonia, anhydrous Pat. 234,321. Ammonium acetates—D.R.P. 93,009. U.S.P—1,636,319. aromatic—U S.P. (liquid)—Can. Ammonium aluminium fluoride—U.S.P. 1,534,651. Ammonium bichromate—Eng. Pat. 24,214—1907. INDEX OF MATERIALS NAMED IN PATENTS CITED 287 1 RPS 267 557, Ammonium bromide—D.R.P. 396,051. Ammonium chloride—Eng. Pat. 9982— 1908; 23,777—1912; 2425—1913; 131,- 098—1918; 136,433—1919. Fr. Pat.—351,555; 387,537; 421,854. D.R.P. 93,009. Ammonium magnesium phosphate—Can. Pat. 256,395. USP. 1,310,841. Eng. Pat. 203,847—1922. Ammonium manganese arsenate—U.S.P. 1,310,841; 1,329,386. Ammonium magnesium arsenate—U.SP. 1,310,841; 1,329,386. Ammonium manganese phosphate— US.P. 1,310,841; 1,329,386. Ammonium nitrate—D.R.P. 266,600. Ammonium oxalate—US.P. 1,534,651. Ammonium phosphate—U.S.P. 1,310,841; 1,329,386; 1,538,859; 1,594,201. Eng. Pat—28,848—1910; 136,433— 1919; 203,847—1922. Ammonium phosphate, double—Eng. Pat. 203,847—1922. Ammonium sulphide—Fr. Pat. 420,044. Ammonium sulphocyanate—Fr. Pat. 368,004. D.R.P. 256,922. Ammonium thiocyanate—Eng. Pat. 11,397—1907. Amy] acetanilid—U.S.P. 551,456. Amyl acetate—US.P. 269,340; 340,026; ; 352,726; 384,005; 417,202; 422,195; 428,654; 434,330; 445,528; 463,039; 471,422; 491,880; 502,546; 507,964; 543,197; 552,209; 552,935; 561,624; 578,714; 587,097; 587,211; 597,144; 694,946; 610,861; 622,727; 690,915; 797,373; 841,509; 861,435; 888,516; 893,987; 894,108; 909,288; 961,360; 982,370; 1,021,569; 1,089,960; 1,122,- 554; 1,133,062; 1,148,908; 1,152,625; 1,153,574; 1,153,596; 1,158,961; 1,165,- 179; 1,188,356; 1,196,144; 1,199,800; 1,217,027 ; 1,251,710; 1,809,980; 1,309,- 981; 1,266,073; 1,281,080; 1,316,783; 1,321,611; 1,323,792; 1,329,386; 1,341,- 710; 1,342,601; 1,858,914; 1,369,467; 1,370,878 ; 1,370,879; 1,388,472; 1,388,- 825; 1,398,239; 1,400,196; 1,406,498; 1,408,095; 1,410,790; 1,419,258; 1,425,- 510; 1,429,179; 1,434,465; 1,437,952; 1,439,293; 1,469,816; 1,469,825; 1,480,- 016; 1,493,207; 1,493,208; 1,493,209: 1,493,210; 1,508,483; 1,508,484; 1,529,- 056; 1,533,598; 1,533,616; 1,538,859; 1,538,860; 1,538,862; 1,556,512; 1,562,- 386; 1,563,205; 1,589,700; 1,594,521: 1,594,525; 1,608,742; 1,617,237; 1,618, 481; 1,618,482; 1,618,484; 1,620,977; 1,623,035; 1,629,999; 1,630,752; 1,631,- 468; 1,641,411; 1,641,412; 1,641,413; 1,652,353; US.RI. 16,803. Eng. Pat. 466—1883 ; 6051—1884; 491— 1885; 4668—1885; 5586—1887; 5791 —I1887; 8253—1887; 15,771—1887; 8513—1889; 10,393—1889; 9315— 1890; 12,684—1890; 20,690—1890; 3345—1891; 4169—1892; 7688—1892: 3469—1893; 3557—1893; 7277—1893: 21,455—1893; 12,693—1896; 17,602— 1897; 20,092—1899; 5348—1902; 9992—1902; 28,376—1904; 26,072— 1904; 18,383—1905; 5072—1906; 18,- 383—1906; 11,397—1907; 18,416— 1907; 4890—1908; 8618—1908; 13,221 —1908; 13,516—1908; 15,841—1909; 13,692—1910; 22,311—1910; 29,246— 1910; 2064—1911; 2145—1911; 16,- 810—1911; 3612—1912; 17,953—1912; 188221912; 7086—1913; 8880— 1913; 17,953—1913; 7141914; 7087 —1914; 12,895—1914; 18,268—1914; 12,075—1915; 15,428—1915; 104,742— 1916; 122,456—1918; 131,647—1918; 132,996—1918; 133,972—1919; 136,433 —1919; 148,117—1920; 184,173—1921 ; 184,197—1921; 196,876—1922; 203,449 —1923 ; 205,828—1923 ; 209,727—1923 ; 211,892—1923; 233,874—1925; 230,663 —1925; 247,288—1920; 250,894; 256,- 214; 257,626; 258,698; 261,589; 264,- 045, 276,834. Fr. Pat. 184,548; 320,452; 319,542; 340,622; 347,303; 360,912; 361,954; 363,592; 368,004; 379,979; 387,791: 392,505; 398,028; 423,774; 431,090; 441,146; 416,843; 422,819; 447,645: 452,727: 461,034; 472,423; 477,294: 488,994; 520,404; 530,440; 553,547: 580,882; 580,883; 600,178. D.R.P. 27,031; 68,356; 80,776; 169,782; 175,664; 176,121; 185,808; 189,703: 192,666; 212,696: 240,563: 244,566; 249,535; 266,384; 307,771; 352,905; 397,919. Can. Pat. 21,473; 110,622; 196,151; 262,784; 268,571. 288 Aust. Pat. 17,684; 28,298; 45,239; 54,512; 69,916. Swiss Pat. 66,509. Japanese Pat. 32,242; 42,553. Amy] acetic ether—Fr. Pat. 381,195. Amyl aceto acetate—U.S.P. 507,964. Eng. Pat. 22,137—1893. Amyl alcohol—See fusel oil. Amyl benzoate—U.S.P. 1,199,800; 1,388,- 472; 1,405,490. Eng. Pat. 15,914—1894. Amyl butyrate—US.P. 269,340; 800; 1,388,472; 1,552,804. isoAmyl butyrate—U.S.P. 1,552,804. Amyl carbamate—U S.P. 568,106. Amyl carbanilate—US.P. 568,104. isoAmyl carbanilate—U.8.P. 568,104. Amyl carbonate—U8.P. 1,552,805. Amyl chloroacetate—U.S.P. 371,021. Amyl chloral—U.S.P. 372,100. Amyl chloride—U.S.P. 372,100. Amyl citrate—Eng. Pat. 15,914—1894. isoAmyl citrate—Eng. Pat. 123,712— 1918. Amy] - ethyl - acetate - benzine — U.S.P. 555,596. Amy] ethyl ether—U.S.P. 494,792. Amy] - ethyl - formate - benzine — U.S.P. 555,596. Amyl formate—U.S.P. 269,340; 622,727; 1,199,800; 1,388,472. Eng. Pat. 18,742—1904; 15,386—1913; 184,197—1921. Fr. Pat. 351,844; 472,423; 530,440. D.R.P. 212,695. isoAmyl formate—US.P. 834,913. Amyl hippurate—Eng. Pat. 15,914—1894. Amyl lactate—U.S.P. 587,097. Eng. Pat. 15,914—1894. D.R.P.—192,666. Amyl mesitylinate—Eng. Pat. 15,914— 1894, Amyl myristate—U.S.P. 1,094,830. Amy] nitrate—US.P. 269,344; 269,345; 478,543. Amy] nitrite—U.S.P. 269,344; 269,345. Amyl oxalate—Eng. Pat. 15,914—1894. D.R.P. 192,666. Amy] palmitate—U.S.P. 1,094,830. Amy] phthalate—US.P. 1,338,691. Eng. Pat. 15,914—1894; 4940—1914. Fr, Pat. 470,041. Amyl salicylate—U.8.P. 1,199,800; 1,388,- 472; 1,395,905; 1,444,333. Eng. Pat. 15,914—1894. 1,199,- A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER Amy] silicate—U.S.P. R.I. 13,793. Eng. Pat 870—1910. Fr. Pat 325,336; 420,127 Amyl stearate—U.S.P. 1,094,830. Amyl succinate—Eng. Pat. 15,914—1894. Amy] tartrate—Eng. Pat. 15,914—1894. D.R.P. 192,666. isoAmyl tartrate—Eng. Pat. 123,712— 1918. Amy] toluate—Eng. Pat. 15,914—1894. Amyl valerianate—U.S.P. 269,340; 478,- 955. Amylaceous substances—Eng. Pat. 2256 —1856. . Amylene diacetate—U.S.P. 1,084,702. Amylic ether—U.S.P. 269,340; 478,543. Amylidene diethyl ether—U.S.P. 410,206. Fr. Pat. 312,817. Amylidene dimethyl ether—US.P. 410,- 206. Fr. Pat. 312,817, Angelic acid, esters of—U.S.P. 695,127. Anhydroformaldehyde compounds of resins, oils, or fatty acids of pri- mary amines—D.R.P. 242,467. Anhydroformaldehyde - anilin — U.S.P. 952,724. Eng. Pat. 4154—1909. Fr. Pat. 402,028. Anhydroformaldehyde-anilin resinate— U.S.P. 952,724. Anilides—U.S.P. 1,303,115; 1,310,489. Eng. Pat. 23,445—1902; 13,100—1910. Fr. Pat. 408,370. ‘Anilid, benzyl acetyl tetrachlor—Eng. Pat. 8077—1906. Anilid, s-benzyl acetyl trichlor—Eng. Pat. 8077—1906. Anilid, s-mono ethyl acetyl trichlor— Eng. Pat. 8077—1906. Anilid, as-ethyl acetyl tetrachlor—Eng. Pat. 8077—1906. Anilid, s-ethyl benzoyl trichlor—Eng. Pat. 8077—1906. Anilid, as-methyl acetyl tetrachlor—Eng. Pat. 8077—1906. Anilid, s-methyl acetyl trichlor—Eng. Pat. 8077—1906. Anilids of organic acids—D.R.P. 296,591. Aniline—US.P. 830,493; 952,724; 1,005,- 454; 1,217,027. Eng. Pat. 1313—1865 ; 7088—1902; 6600 - —1904; 4154—1909; 476—1910; 243,- 722. D.R.P. 314,317. INDEX OF MATERIALS NAMED IN PATENTS CITED Aust. Pat. 50,656. © Aniline acetate—U.S.P. 1,460,097; 1,494,- 469. Aniline, alkali acetyl compounds of tetra and higher chlorinated—D.R.P. 176,474. Aust. P. 32,175. Aniline black—Eng. Pat. 17,602—1897. Aniline, bromo-nucleo-substitution prod- uct of —U.S.P. 1,641,413. Aniline chloride—Eng. Pat. 7899—1914. Aniline, diacetyl derivatives of—Fr. Pat. 432,264. Aniline, 2-4 dibromo—U.8.P. 1,641,413. Aniline, o-, p-, or m-monobromo— US.P. 1,641,413. Aniline, diformyl derivatives of—Fr. Pat. 432,264. Aniline dyes—U.S.P. 102,798; 139,333; 149,216; 2384675; 329,313; 375,952; 445,528; 490,195; 1,011,181; 1,419,258. Eng. Pat. 2675—1864; 1057—1863; 1695—1867; 21,455—18938; 5433— 1884; 24,790—1896; 7975—1897; 28,743—1908; 105,137—1916. Fr. Pat. 233,727; 409,196. DEP 279,127 = - 372;856. Aniline salts—D.R.P. 266,600. Aniline, 2-4-6 tribromo—US.P. 1,641,- 413. Aniline yellow—US.P. 139,333. Animal acids—U.S.P. 1,464,949. Animal matter—Eng. Pat. 2249—1860. Animi, gum—Eng. Pat. 2143—1864; 383 —1887. Anisic aldehyde—US.P. 388,472. Anisol—U.S.P. 598649; 600,556; 1,181,- 859; 1,181,860; 1,199,800; 1,388,472. Eng. Pat. 20,975—1911. Fr. Pat. 482,264. D.R.P. 276,013. See methyl phenyl oxide. Anthracene—D.R.P. 336,476. Anthracene, brominated—U.S.P. 1,641,- 411. Anthracenes, chlorinated—U.S.P. 1,342,- 601; 1,342,602. Anthracene derivatiyes, USP. 1,281,080. Anthranilic acid—U.S.P. 1,494,470. Anthraquinone—U.S.P. 410,205. Anticorrosive lacquer—Eng. Pat. 256,- 214. 1,199,800; 1,- chlorinated— 289 Antifouling composition—Eng. Pat. 959 —1879. Antifouling paint—Eng. Pat, 25,675— 1896. Antimony chloride—D.R.P. 268,627; 281,374. Antimony compounds—Eng. Pat. 1799— 1909; 132,8138—1919. Antimony trichloride—U.S.P. 1,388,825; 1,451,313. Eng. Pat. 132,8183—1918; 138,641—1919. D.R.P. 268,627. Antomony triiodide—Eng. Pat. 132,813— 1918. Antipyrin—U.S.P. 566,349. Antistatic films, mfg. of—U.S.P. 1,415,- 059; 1,431,900; 1,437,828; 1,437,829. Arabic, gum—U8.P. 803,952; 1,431,455. Eng. Pat. 2143—1864; 9277—1904; 187,- 847—1921. Fr. Pat. 344,048. D.R.P. 357,484. Aromatic acid or salt—U.S.P. 612,067. Arsenic compounds—U.S.P. 1,105,619. Aryloxyacetic acid, esters of—D.R.P. 374,322. Arylsulfo-acids, esters of—D.R.P. 395,- 704. Aryl sulfonamid—U.S.P. 1,188,798. Asbestos—U.S.P. 89,582; 251,410; 1,015,- 1565°1,217,128: 91,652,353: Eng. Pat. 88301—1901. Fr. Pat. 340,622; 463,156. Aust. P. 47,899. Swiss Pat. 51,952. Asphalt—US.P. 91,378; 91,393; 186; 1,397,103; 1,583,703. Eng. Pat. 22,528—1907; 476—1910. Asphalt coated surfaces, lacquering— Eng. Pat. 209,727; 243,614. Aurisite—U.S.P. 139,333. Automobile steering wheels, lacquer for —Eng. Pat. 12,895—1914. Azotic cotton—Eng. Pat. 639—1858. 1,263,- Bagasse—Eng. Pat. 22,528—1907. Bakelite varnishes—U.S.P. 1,647,435. Balata gum—U.S.P. 91,377; 1,563,205. Eng. Pat. 3984—1868. Balloon envelopes, material for—Eng. Pat. 2064—1911. D.R.P. 266,384. Balloon fabrics, lacquer for coating—Fr. Pat. 427,818. 290 Balsams—Eng. Pat. 3370—1914. U.S.P. 1,594,521; 1,623,035. Balsams of aniseed—Kng. Pat. 2143— 1864. Balsam, Canadian—U.S.P. 951,582. Eng. Pat.—2849—1858; 8823—1891; 714—1914; 105,1387—1916. Balsam of copaiba—U.S.P. 951,582. Eng. Pat. 6870—1887. Balsam of Peru—U.S8.P. 384,005; 951,582. Eng. Pat. 6870—1887. Balsams, sulfur—Eng. Pat. 3345—1891. Balsam of tolu—U.S.P. 384,005; 951,582. Eng. Pat. 6870—1887. D.R.P. 188,822; 211,520. Bamboo, pulverized—Eng. Pat. 256,214. Banana oil—Eng. Pat. 104,742—1916. Barium—U.S.P. 1,196,144. Barium caprylate—U.S.P. 951,582. Barium carbonate—Eng. Pat. 14,293— 1910. Barium chloride—Fr. Pat. 328,054; 421,- 854. Barium chromate—U.S.P. 893,634. Barium phosphate—Eng. Pat. 1907. Barium sulphate—U.S.P. 294,557; 1,453,- 764. Eng. Pat. 192,107—1921. D.R.P. 102,962; 260,915. Barytes—Eng. Pat. 154,157—1919. Battery plates, protective coating for storage—U.S.P. 756,176. Benzal bromide—U.S.P. 1,552,798. Benzal chloride—U.S.P. 1,552,798. Benzaldehyde—US.P. 1,467,104. Eng. Pat. 22,540—1896; 13,131—1900; 15,536—1907. Fr. Pat. 409,557. Benzamide—U.S.P. 1,494,471. Benzanilid—U.S.P. 528,812; Eng. Pat. 21,8331—1894. Benz-ortho-anisidid—U.S.P. 1,090,642. Fr. Pat. 459,542. Swiss Pat. 65,139. 384,005 ; 5891— 1,460,097. Benzene-alcohol—Eng. Pat. 149,319— 1919. Benzene alkyl sulfonamid—Fr. Pat. 521,370. Benzene, di-nitro—U.8.P. 1,306,440. Benzene homologues—Eng. Pat. 129,033 —1917. Benzene, methyl, ethyl, amyl, sulfones of—D.R.P. 366,116. A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER Benzene methyl ethyl sulphonamid— USP. 1,454,959; 1,454,960; 1,454,961 ; 1,501,206. Eng. Pat. 154,334—1919. Fr. Pat. 521,370, Benzene methyl sulfonamid—Fr. Pat. 521,370. Benzene monomethylsulfonamid—US.P. 1,454,959; 1,454,960; 1,454,961; 1,501,- 206. Eng. Pat. 154,334—1919. Benzene, monobrom—U.S.P. 1,552,799. Benzenesulfamid—U.S.P. 758,335. Benzene sulfonamid—U.S.P. 1,041,113; 1,244,107; 1,244,108; 1,244,347; 1,244,- 348; 1,244,349. } Benzene sulfanilid—U.S.P. 758,335. Benzenesulfdiethylamid—U.S.P. 758,335. Benzenesulfethylamid—U 8.P. 758,335. Benzenesulfo-acidphenylether — U.S.P. 758,335. Benzene sulpho-amides, alkyl derivatives —US.P. 1,188,356. . Benzenesulfo-p-chloranilid—U.S.P. 758,- 335. Benzenesulfo-p-cresol—U.S.P. 758,335. Benzenesulfo-diphenylamine USP. 758,335. Benzenesulfo-ethylanilid—US.P. 758,335. Benzenesulfo-methylanilid—U.S.P. 758,- 335. Benzenesulfo - alpha - naphthylamid — U.S.P. 758,300. Benzenesulfo-beta-naphthol—U SP. 758,- 300. Benzenesulfo-beta-naphthylamin—U.S.P. 758,335. Benzenesulfo-o-phenetidin—US.P. 330. Benzenesulfo-p-phenetidin—U.S8.P. 758,- 335. Benzenesulfo-o-toluid—U.S.P. 758,335. Benzenesulfo-p-toluid—US.P. 758,335. Benzicin—Eng. Pat. 13,131—1900. Benzine—U.S.P. 158,188; 262,077; 286,- 212; 381,354; 450,264; 463,039; 471,422; 478,548; 478,955; 491,880; 495,263; 502,546; 507,964; 518,388; 587,096; 595,355; 909,288; 982,370; 1,079,773; 1,082,543; 1,152,625; 1,153,- 574; 1,175,791; 1,195,673; 1,196,144; 1,249,390; 1,310,841; 1,323,792; 1,341,- 710; 1,356,440; 1,439,293; 1,452,219; 1,633,683. Eng. Pat. 758, 7784—1893; 17,602—1897 ; INDEX OF MATERIALS NAMED IN PATENTS CITED 291 20,874—1900; 22,309—1910; 10,222— 1912; 714—1914; 133,972—1918 ; 164,032—1919; 164,033—1919; 190, 694—1922; 243,030; 261,589. Fr. Pat. 184,548; 521,476; 463,622; 553,547. Can. Pat. 196,150. Aust. Pat.—17,684; 86,853. Benzine compound of mixed or simple ethers—U.S8.P. 555,596. Benzil—U.8S.P. 598,649. Benzoates—U.S.P. 621,382. Benzoic anhydride—U.S.P. 1,094,830. Benzoin gum—Eng. Pat. 8442—1886. Fr. Pat. 422,819. - Benzol chlorides—U.S.P. 583,516. Benzochlorhydrin—U.8.P. 598,648. Benzodiacetin—U.S.P. 598,648. Benzoic acid—U.S.P. 612,067; 1,494,472. D.R.P. 68,356. ; Benzoic acid, esters of—U.S.P. 830,493. Eng. Pat. 16,940—1913. Fr. Pat. 476,991. Benzoic acid, glyceryl esters of—Fr. Pat. 461,544. Benzoic acid, nitro, chloro, and glycer- ine ethers of—Eng. Pat. 15,914— 1894. Benzoic acid, use of in mfg. pyroxylin solvents—U.S.P. 502,921; 559,824. Benzoic anhydride—USP. 572,134. Benzoic ether—U.S.P. 269,340; 478,543; 622,727; 1,199,800; 1,245,476; 1,319,- 229; 1,386,576; 1,388,472. Benzoin—U.8.P. 1,202,495. Benzol—U.S.P. 262,077; 495,263; 518,388 ; 555,596; 595,355; 598,649; 694,946; 805,466; 841,509; 893,987; 972,464; 981,178; 1,015,155; 1,015,156; 1,021,- 569; 1,035,108; 1,039,782; 1,084,702; 1,118,498; 1,152,625; 1,135,026; 1,161,- 063; 1,166,790; 1,175,791; 1,185,074; 1,185,514; 1,188,797; 1,191,801; 1,195,- 431; 1,195,673; 1,199,395; 1,205,822; 1,217,027; 1,226,339; 1,226,341; 1,234,- 921; 1,266,073; 1,298,199; 1,301,187; 1,303,563; 1,310,841; 1,315,216; 1,320,- 290; 1,320,458; 1,321,611; 1,321,633; 1,321,634; 1,323,792; 1,324,154; 1,345,- 354; 1,856,440; 1,357,447; 1,357,614; 1,357,876; 1,363,763; 1,366,256; 1,370,- 853; 1,382,077; 1,894,890; 1,395,905; 1,397,986; 1,398,239; 1,400,196; 1,405,- 448; 1,405,449; 1,405,490; 1,405,491; 1,406,224; 1,412,770; 1,425,510; 1,429,- 179; 1,431,455; 1,434,432; 1,437,170; 1,439,293; 1,439,656; 1,440,006; 1,441,- 181; 1,449,156; 1,458,256; 1,466,819; 1,469,816; 1,480,016; 1,488,608; 1,512,- 751; 1,518,417; 1,521,859; 1,529,056; 1,533,616; 1,548,932; 1,548,933; 1,552,- 795; 1,552,797; 1,552,806; 1,552,808: 1,562,383; 1,562,385; 1,562,387; 1,563,- 204; 1,563,205; 1,564,664; 1,583,703; 1,583,709; 1,589,608; 1,590,156; 1,607,- 516; 1,618,481; 1,618,482; 1,618,483; 1,618,484; 1,623,035; 1,629,999; 1,631,- 468; 1,633,683; 1,639,080; 1,641,411; 1,641,412; 1,641,413; 1,641,529; 1,643, 437; 1,644,417; 1,644,418; 1,644,420; 1,651,578; 1,653,008; 1,653,010; US. RI. 16,803. Eng. Pat. 5586—1887 ; 5791—1887 ; 8253 —1887; 6542—1892; 6543—1892; 3469 --1893 ; -7784—1893; 22,137—1893; 5348—1902; 9992—1902; 5072—1906; 12,976—1909; 1441—1910; 14,586— 1910; 18,189—1910; 21,719—1910; 29,273—1910; 138,078—1920; 21,426— 1911; > 6798—1912-* 10,222-—1912; 21,081—1912; 21,368—1912; 23,544— 1912; 25,182—1913; 6387—1913; 714 —1914; 13,100—1914; 14,042—1914; 24,033—1914; 7956—1915; 124,515— 1916; 124,807—1916; 112,483—1917; 128,659—1917; 128,974—1917; 129,033 —1917; 122679—1918; 122456— 1918; 123,752—1918; 131,082—1918: 131,273—1918; 131,647—1918; 134,899 —1918; 133,972—1919: © 138,078— 1920; 149,319—1919; 160,225—1919; 164,385—1919; 171,661—1920; 145, 510—1920; 148,117—1920; 156,752— 1920; 161,564—1921; 189,942—1922; 190,694—1922; 194,727—1922: 202,154 —1922,; 205,828—1923 ; 211,892—1923 ; 236,190—1925; 238.485—1925: 243- 030; 243,350; 250,894; 254,041; 255,- 406; 256,229; 258,698; 261,589. Can. Pat. 179,699; 196,150; 196,151: 196,925; 196,926; 201,913; 238,217; 260,463; 260,466; 260,927; 262,784. Fr. Pat. 320,452; 363,592; 398,028; 411,126; 412,797; 415,945; 418,744; 429,788; 432,047; 432,264; 441,146; 459,006; 464,617; 469,925; 470,726; 471,104; 472,423; 498,949; 499,703; 499,868; 501,700; 519,536; 520,404; 517,356; 553,547; 596,838; 600,178; 611,899. 292 D.R.P—10,210; 17,089; 210,519; 250,- 421; 254,784; 263,404; 272,391; 279,638; 281,265; 295,764; 307,075; 302,460; 336,476; 352,905; 397,919. Aust. P. 47,899; 56,488; 64,393. Swiss P. 47,559; 51,952; 52,115; 64,710; 66,510. Japanese Pat. 32,242. Benzol, alkylated or halogenated deriva- tives of—U.S.P. 1,469,816. Benzol bromides—U.S.P. 583,516. Benzol, bromide derivatives of—Fr. Pat. 483,316. Benzol nitrobromides—U.S.P. 583,516. Benzol nitrochlorides—U.S.P. 583,516. Benzoline—U.S.P. 265,337. Eng. Pat.—1865—1879; 10,393—1889. Fr. Pat. 132,495. Benzomonoacetin—US8.P. 598,648. Benzophenone—U.S.P. 598,649. Benzophenone, alkyloxy derivatives of— Eng. Pat. 128,215—1919. Benzophenones, chlorinated—Eng. Pat. 20,975—1911. Fr. Pat. 432,264. Benzo tribromide—U.S.P. 1,552,798. Benzo trichloride—U.S.P. 1,552,798. Benzoyl amyl salicylate—U.S.P. 1,639,- 080. Benzoyl-benzenesulfamid — U.S.P. 758,- 335. Benzoyl butyl tartrate—U.S.P. 1,639,080. Benzoyl-p-toluenesulfamid—U.S.P. 758,- 335. Benzoylguaiacol—U.8.P. 607,554. Benzyl acetate—U.S.P. 1,199,800; 1,339,- 552; 1,888,472; 1,894,890; 1,440,178; 1,469,863; 1,620,977. DEP oabs gee Benzyl acetone—U.S.P. 1,494,474. s-Benzyl aceto tetrachlor anilid—D.R.P. 180,280. Benzyl acetyl tetrachlor-anilid—Eng. Pat. 8077—1906. Fr. Pat. 365,297. D.R.P. 180,208; 180,204. Benzyl alcohol—U.S.P. 1,181,860; 1,199,- 800; 1,320,290; 1,388,472; 1,394,890; 1,426,521; 1,431,845; 1,440,178; 1,458,- 505; 1,521,055; 1,521,056; 1,607,516; 1,626,113. Eng. Pat. 20,975—1911; 124,763—1916; 127,615—1917 ; 127,678—1917; 131,082 —1918; 131,369—1918; 131,669— 1866—1879 ; A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 1918; 158,521—1918; 177,268—1921 ; 633—1923. Can. Pat: 238247, Fr. Pat. 482,264; 495,000; 499,868. Swiss Pat. 65,057. Benzyl benzoate—U.S.P. 961,360; 1,027,- 619; 1,199,800; 1,233,374; 1,292,819; 1,388,472; 1,394,890. Eng. Pat. 13,692—1910. Fr, Pat. 416,843. D.RP. 251,372. Benzyl benzoyl tetrachlor anilid—Eng. Pat. 8077—1906. Fr. Pat. 365,297. D.R.P. 180,203; 180,204. Benzyl bromide—US.P. 1,552,798. Benzyl butyrate—US8.P. 1,199,800; 1,388,- 472. Benzyl carbamate—U.S.P. 568,106. Benzyl chloride—U.S.P. 1,552,798. D.RP. 276,013, 336,476. Benzyl citrate—U.S.P. 1,612,669. Benzyl cresyl ether—U.S.P. 1,563,205. Benzyldehydrocarvone—D.R.P. 202,720. Benzyl ether—U.S.P. 1,388,472. Benzyl ethyl cellulose ether—U.S.P. 1,451,331. Benzyl ethyl ether—U.S.P. 1,470,955. Benzyl formate—U.S.P. 1,199,800; 1,388,- 472. Benzyl lactate—U.S.P. 1,612,669. Benzyl magnesium halogenides—D.R.P. 202,720. Benzyl methyl ether—U.S.P. 1,181,859. Benzyl naphthylmagnesium halogenides —D.R.P. 202,720. Benzyl nitrochlorides—U.S.P. 583,516. Benzyl salicylate—U.S.P. 1,199,800; 1,- 388,472. Benzyl starch—U.S.P. 1,563,204. Benzyl tartrate—US.P. 1,612,669. Benzyltoluolurethane—Eng. Pat. 131,389 —1918. 128,215—1919; 202,154—1922; 209,- Benzyl paratolylurethane—Eng. Pat. 131,389—1918. Benzylic cellulose derivatives—U.S.P. 1,454,960. Benzylidene acetic ester—U.S.P. 598,649. D.R.P. 174,259. Benzylidene aceto acetic ester—D.R.P. 172,966. Benzylidene chloride—D.R.P. 336,476. . Benzylidene diacetic ester—Fr. Pat. 363,090, 432,264. INDEX OF MATERIALS NAMED IN PATENTS CITED 293 D.RP. 172,966; 173,020; 174,259. Benzylidene diacetate, monochlor— D.R-PY 178,020. Benzylidene glycerine—U.S.P. 996,191. Berillium acid phosphate—U.S.P. 1,534,- 651. Betol—U.S.P. 572,134. Bibenzyl—U.S.P. 1,617,237. Can. Pat. 268,571. Bicarbonates—Fr. Pat. 349,292. Billiard balls, coating—Eng. Pat. 3651— 1868. Binder coatings—Eng. Pat. 262,440. Binder for pigment and cotton—U.SP. 893,987. Binding agent for 250,421. Bird lime extract—Japanese Pat. 42,553. Bismark brown—US.P. 1,181,858. Bitumen—US.P. 692,102. colors—D.R.P. Eng. Pat. 745—1855; 8513—1889; 28,415—1908; 157,119—1919. D.R.P. 102,962. Bituminous graphite—D.R.P. 102,962. Bleaching powder, use of in preparing pyroxylin solvents—U.S.P. 1,558,446. -Blushed films—U.S.P. 718,670; 1,021,569; 1,039,782; 1,341,710; 1,437,170. D.R.P. 161,213. Body in lacquers—U.S.P. 1,021,569. Bone dust—U.S.P. 89,582. Eng. Pat. 24,790—1896. Boracic acid—U.S.P. 1,315,216. Eng. Pat. 7899—1914; 131,082—1918. Borated benzol—U.S.P. 1,320,290. Eng. Pat. 131,082—1918. Fr. Pat. 499,868. Borates—Eng. Pat. 28,848—1910; 136,927 —1919. Borax—US.P. 1,429,295; 1,633,292. Fr. Pat. 363,592; 436,900; 377,039. D.R.P. 115,681; 138,783. Boric acid—US.P. 1,358,914; 1,469,839; 1,534,651. : Eng. Pat. 11,397—1907; 28,848—1910; 7418—1913; 136,927—1919. Fr. Pat. 347,446; 368,004; 455,811. D.R.P. 14,625. Book-binding fabrics, coating for—Eng. Pat. 23,957—1913. Borneol—U.S.P. 831,028; 388,472. Eng. Pat. 11,512—1905. Fr. Pat. 349,970. D.R.P. 185,808; 189,703. 1,199,800; 1,- isoBorneol—D.R.P. 189,703. Borneol esters—Fr. Pat. 383,478. Bornyl acetate—U.S.P. 1,388,472. isoBornyl acetate—D.R.P. 172,941. Brilliancy, imparting—U.S.P. 234,675; 841,509. Bromine, use of in mfg. of lacquer sol- vents—U.S.P. 1,323,792. Brominated products—Fr. Pat. 317,884. Brominated products, use of to reduce inflammability—Fr. Pat. 317,884. Brohohydrochinone—US.P. 1,631,468. a-Bromonaphthalene—U.S.P. 1,641,411. p-Bromophenol—US.P. 1,631,468. o- or p-Bromtoluol—U SP. 1,641,412. Bronzing liquid—US.P. 18,338; 139,333; 884,475. Eng. Pat. 22,610—1891; 4169—1892; 7688—1892; 3557—1893; 13,221— 1908; 105,137—1916; 126,989—1916; 157,126—1921. Fr, Pat. 398,084. D.R.P. 68,356; 176,121. Aust. Pat. 45,239. Bronze powder—U.S.P. 18,338; 190,865; 234,675; 694,946; 884,475; 982,370; 1,031,616; 1,521,055; 1,521,056. Eng. Pat. 2859—1855; 2484—1878; .1866 —1879; 4169—1892; 7688—1892; 3557 —1893; 13,560—1898; 5348—1902; 18,383—1905; 13,221—1908; 28,743— 1908; 11,354—1909; 10,222—1912; 126,989—1916; 157,126—1921. Fr. Pat. 408,370; 409,196. D.R.P. 10,210; 68,356; 176,121; 256,922. Aust. P. 56,488. Swiss P. 47,559. Brush lacquer—Eng. Pat. 18,268—1914. Butyl acetanilid—US.P. 551,456. . Butyl acetate—U.S.P. 381,354; 434,330; 478,955; 491,880; 552,934; 552,935; 888,516; 1,217,027; 1,309,980; 1,309,- 981; 1,320,458; 1,821,611; 1,323,624; 1,341,710; 1,350,274; 1,356,440; 1,365,- 049; 1,370,878; 1,370,879; 1,434,465; 1,437,952; 1,439,298; 1,458,256; 1,469,- 825; 1,508,483; 1,508,484; 1,533,616; 1,552,795; 1,562,386; 1,563,205; 1,564,- 664; 1,582,705; 1,589,608; 1,589,700; 1,612,669 ; 1,617,237; 1,618,481; 1,618,- 482; 1,618,484; 1,629,999; 1,631,468; 1,641,411; 1,641,412; 1,641,413; 1,641,- 529; 1,643,487; 1,653,008; 1,653,010; US.R.I. 16,803. Eng. Pat. 8253—1887; 10,393—1889; 294 12,684—1890; 3345—1891; 112,483— 1917; 123,628—1918; 123,752—1918; 131,273—1918; 131,647—1918; 158,586 —1919; 133,972—1919; 184,197—1921 ; 243,614; 247,288; 250,894; 258,698; 263,175. Can. Pat. 196,150; 196,151; 260,927; 262,784; 268,571. Fr. Pat. 530,440; 553,547; 600,178. D.R.P. 80,776; 175,664. Swiss Pat. 115,116. isoButyl acetate—USP. 434, 465. Eng. Pat. 131,647—1918. s-Butyl acetate—U.S.P. 1,538,861. Butyl aceto acetate—US.P. 1,437,952. Butyl acetyl salicylate—U.S.P. 1,408,095. Butyl alcohol—U.S.P. 471,422; 518,387; 518,388; 559,824; 1,199,799; 1,265,217: 1,320,458; 1,321,611; 1,323,624; 1,341, 710; 1,842,601; 1,342,602; 1,350,274; 1,354,725; 1,354,726; 1,356,440; 1,379,- 596; 1,880,258; 1,398,239; 1,411,677; 1,411,708; 1,415,059; 1,429,174, 1,429,- 188; 1,481,905; 1,432,364; 1,437,170; 1,437,952; 1,439,293; 1,439,656; 1,444,- 331; 1,444,333; 1,479,955; 1,529,056; 1,533,616; 1,548,932; 1,552,796; 1,552,- 798; 1,552,799; 1,552,800; . 1,552,802; 1,552,804; 1,552,805; 1,552,806; 1,562,- 386; 1,564,689; 1,580,189; 1,598,972; 1,599,569; 1,607,090; 1,612,- 669; 1,618,481; 1,618,482; 1,618,483; 1,618,484; 1,620,977; 1,629,999; 1,631,- 468; 1,641,411; 1,641,412; 1,641,413; 1,651,578; 1,653,010; U.S.R.I. 16,803. Eng. Pat. 5791—1887; 10,393—1889; 133,972—1919; 158,586—1919; 194,727 —A922; 236,190—1925; 243,614; 250,- 894; 256,229; 263,184. Can. Pat. 196,150; 196,151; 262,784. Fr. Pat. 184,548; 553,547; 600,178. Aust. P. 17,684. Swiss Pat. 115,116. isoButyl alcohol—U.8.P. 410,204; 1,398,- 1,341,710; 1,- 260,927; 939; 1,400,196; 1,411,708; 1,415,059; 1,432,364; 1,444,333. Butyl alcohol, trichlor—Eng. Pat. 205,195 —1922. Butyl amyl oxide—US.P. 741,554. s-Butyl alcohol—U.S.P. 1,411,708; 1,432,- 364. Butyl benzoate—U.S.P. 1,405,490. Eng. Pat. 15,914—1894. 1,598,949 ; . A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER isoButyl benzoate—U.S.P. 1,405,490. n-Butyl benzyl ether—U.S.P. 1,479,955. Butyl butyrates—U.S.P. 1,552,804. isoButyl isobutyrate—Eng. Pat. 123,628 —1918. s-Butyl butyrate—US.P. 1,538,861. Butyl carbamate—U.S.P. 568,106. Butyl carbanilates—U.S.P. 568,104. isoButyl carbanilates—U.S.P. 568,104. Butyl carbonate—US.P. 1,552,805. Butyl citrate—Eng. Pat. 15,914—1894. isoButyl citrate—Eng. Pat. 123,712— 1918. n-Butyl o-cresyl ether—U.S.P. 1,479,955. s-Butyl ester of caproic acid—US.P. 1,538,861. Butyl ethyl ketone—U.SP. 1,408,035. Butyl formate—U.S.P. 1,552,806. Can. Pat. 260,927. Eng. Pat. 132,996—1918; 184,197—1921. Fr, Pat. 530,440. isoButyl formate—Eng. Pat. 132,996— 1918. Butyl hippurate—Eng. Pat. 15,914—1894. Butyl ketone—U.S.P. 1,408,035. Butyl lactate—Eng. Pat. 15,914—1894. US.P. 1,591,652; 1,651,578. Butyl mesitylenate—Eng. Pat. 15,914— 1894. Butyl nitro-lactate—U.S.P. 1,598,474. Butyl phenyl ketone—U.SP. 595,355. Butyl phenol—Fr. Pat. 499,993. Butyl phenyl ether—US.P. 1,479,955. Butyl phthalate—U.S.P. 1,564,664. Eng. Pat. 15,914—1894. Butyl propionate—U.S.P. 1,651,578. s-Butyl propionate—US.P. 1,538,861. Butyl propyl ketone—U.S.P. 1,408,035. Butyl salicylate—U.S.P. 1,395,905; 1,444,- 330. Eng. Pat. 15,914—1894. isoButyl salicylate—U.S.P. 1,395,905; 1,- 444 333. Butyl stearate—U.S.P. 1,641,529. Butyl succinate—Eng. Pat. 15,914—1894. Butyl tartrate—U.S.P. 1,467,103; 1,564,- 664. Eng. Pat. 15,914—1894. Fr, Pat. 489,037. isoButyl tartrate—Eng. Pat. 123,712— 1918. Fr. Pat. 489,037. Butyl toluate—Eng. Pat. 15,914—1894. Butyl oxalate—U.S.P. 1,309,981. 1,589,608 ; INDEX OF MATERIALS NAMED IN PATENTS CITED 295 Eng. Pat. 15,914—1894. Butylene chlorhydrin—U. S.P. 1,408,423. 1:3 Butylene glycol—D.R.P. 419,223. Butyrates—Eng. Pat. 16,940—1913. Fr. Pat. 476,991. Butyric acid esters—Fr. Pat. 581,177. Swiss Pat. 95,376. Butyric ether—U.S.P. 269,340; 600,556. Butyrin, Mono-, Di- and Tri—Eng. Pat. 246,272. Butyrin—U.8.P. 470,451; 595,355. Cadmium acetate—U.S.P. 1,636,319. Calcium—US.P. 1,196,144. Cadmium alkyl phthalates—US.P. 1,591,- 652. Calcium alcoholate—Fr. Pat. 368,004. Calcium antimonate—U.8.P. 1,538,860. Calcium borate—US.P. 1,534,651. Calcium bromide—Fr. Pat. 317,884. Calcium carbonate—U.S.P. 1,310,841; R.I. 13,798. Eng. Pat. 14,293—1910. Calcium caprylate—US.P. 951,582. Calcium chloride—U.S.P. 1,554,505. Eng. Pat. 2675—1864; 7784—1893; 6858 —1896; 128659—1917; 212,225—1923. Fr, Pat. -322,457;. 340,622; 344,501; 347,303, 364,690. D.R.P. 40,373; 93,009; 266,600. Calcium chloride, use of in solvents— US.P. 573,132; 1,400,430. Eng. Pat. 2694—1887; 23,777—1912. Calcium citrate—U.S.P. 1,534,651. Eng. Pat. 233,874—1925.. Fr. Pat. 580,883. Calcium ethylate—Eng. Pat. 1907. Calcium hypochlorite—Eng. Pat. 1125— 1856. Calcium linoleate—U.S.P. 951,582. Calcium nitrite—Eng. Pat. 5891—1907. Calcium oleate—U.S.P. 951,582. Calcium oxide—U.S.P. 1,012,887. Calcium phosphate—US.P. 1,534,651. Eng. Pat. 24,790—1896. . Calcium recinoleate—U.S.P. 951,582. Calcium sulfate—U.S.P. 294,557; 1,493,- 207; 1,493,209; 1,534,651. Eng. Pat. 6600—1904; 206,770—1923 ; 230,633—1925. Fr. Pat. 562,667; 580,882. D.R.P. 396,051. Calcium _ tartrate—U.S.P. 1,493,210; 1,534,651. 11397— 1,493,208 ; Calendering—Eng. Pat. 27,969—1911; 142,615—1919. Camphene—U.S.P. 596,662. Camphene hydrochlorate—U.S.P. 552,- 934; 552,935. Camphor—U.8.P. 91,377; 97,454; 105,338; 136,953; 209,570; 246,891; 265,337; 269,343; 304,229; 311,203; 375,952; 410,204; 417,202; 428654; 463,039; 471,422: 478,543; 517,987; 542,692; 543,197; 552,209; 552,934; 552,935; 553,270; 555,596; 561,624: 564,343: 566,349; 568,106; 572,135; 595,355; 596,662; 597,144; 602,797; 607,554; 612,066; 612,067; 612,553; 615,319; 631,295; 697,790; 729,990: 738,533; 831,028; 831,488; 952,724; 996,191; 999,490; 1,012,887; 1,015,155; 1,015,- 156; 1,027,614; 1,027,615; 1,027,616; 1,041,115; 1,041,116; 1,045,895; 1,076,- 215; 1,076,216; 1,148,908; 1,153,596; 1,161,063; 1,188,356; 1,188,798; 1,195,- 040; 1,195,673; 1,199,799; 1,199,800: 1,217,027; 1,217,123; 1,229,485; 1,229,- 486; 1,229,487; 1,233,374; 1,244,107; 1,244,108; 1,244,347; 1,244,348; 1,244, 349) 1/251,710= «1,265,217» 1,275,063; 1,292,819; 1,301,187; 1,809,980; 1,309,- 981; 1,321,611; 1,323,792; 1,342,601; 1,342,602; 1,350,274; 1,858,653; 1,360,- 759; 1,365,882; 1,370,853; 1,380,258; 1,388,472; 1,894,505; 1,397,986; 1,402,- 969; 1,405,449; 1,405,487; 1,408,035 ; 1,411,708; 1,415,059; 1,418,413; 1,429,- 153: 1,429,169; 1,429,188; 1,431,905; 1,432,373; 1,434,426; 1,434,432; 1,434 465; 1,434,634; 1,437,792; 1,441,181; 1,444,331; 1,444,406; 1,450,714; 1,450,- 715; 1,450,716; 1,456,782: 1,462,306; 1,464,170; 1,467,071; 1,460,690; 1,464,- 169; 1,467,091; 1,467,092; 1,467,093; 1,467,094; 1,467,095; 1,467,096; 1,467,- 097; 1,467,098; 1,467,099; 1,467,100; 1,467,101; 1,467,102; 1,467,103; 1,467, 104; 1,467,105; 1,469,812; 1,469,816; 1,469,825; 1,469,826; 1,460,097; 1,469,- 862; 1,469,863; 1,473,217; 1,473,218; 1,473,219; 1,479,955; 1,481,485; 1,494,- 469; 1,494,470; 1,494,471; 1,494,472; 1,494,473; 1,494,474; 1,494,475; 1,494, 476; 1,496,198; 1,500,366; 1,508,483; 1,508,484; 1,518,417; 1,529,056; 1,538,- 861; 1,548,933; 1,552,793; 1,552,795; 1,552,796; 1,552,797; 1,552,798; 1,552,- 799; 1,552,800; 1,552,801; 1,552,802; 296 1,552,803; 1,552,804; 1,552,805; 1,552,- 806; 1,552,808; 1,554,505; 1,562,385; 1,562,387; 1,563,205; 1,564,664; 1,564,- 689; 1,583,709; 1,589,700; 1,590,156; 1,594,201; 1,598,949; 1,598,972; 1,617,- 237; 1,618,481; 1,618,482; 1,618,484; 1,620,977; 1,641,529; 1,653,008. Eng. Pat. 3984—1868; 3102—1869; 1865 1879; 1866—1879; 3072—1882; 466— 1883; 15,121—1884; 5791—1887; 10,- 393—1889; 9315—1890; 3345—1891; 2568—1896; 11,927—1898; 8063— 1901; 26,075—1901; 7088—1902; 4863 —1903; 15,696—1903; 12,278—1905; 28,376—1904; 3450-—1906; 4390— 1908; 9313—1908; 4145—1909; 12,976 1909; 26657—1909; 27,102—1909; 6519—1910; 10,320—1910; 12,406— 1910; 14586—1910; 29,246—1910; 2145—1911; 15,945—1911; 25,449— 1911; 3869—1912; 22623—1912; 2425 —1913; 6387—1913; 12,804—1913; 16,940—1913; 18,499—1913; 2326— 1914; 3370—1914; 106,375—1916; 122,679—1918; 133,972—1919; 149,- 319—1919; 177,536—1922; 236,190— 1925; 250,894; 254,041; 276,834. Can. Pat. 78,060; 129,265; 196,151; 268,571. fro; Pav. 317,008 ; 132,495 ; 319,724; 184,548; 319,926; 319,542 ; 320,133 ; A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER Camphor-halogen compounds—Fr. Pat. 452,432. Camphor, nitro, chloro, bromo, chloro- nitro & bromonitro derivatives of— Eng. Pat. 15,914—1894. Camphor oil—U.S.P. 97,454; 428654; 471,422; 507,749; 1,181,860; 1,199,800; 1,388,472. Eng. Pat. 3984—1868; 3102—1869; 9315 1890; 20,975—1911; 714—1914. Fr. Pat. 184,548; 432,264. Aust. Pat. 17,684. Camphor, spirits of—U.S.P. 1,275,063. Camphor substitutes—U.SP. 831,488; 1,027,614; 1,027,615; 673 ; 1,339 4728. Eng. Pat. 13 287-1899: 21,331—1894 ; 25,434—1899; 11,751—1900; 13,131— 1900; 17,948—1900; 20,723—1900; 8072—1901; 10,213—1901; 12,863— 1901; 22 662—1901: 43831902: 23,- ‘445—1902; 15 435—1904; 11 512— 1905 ; 28171906: 8077—1906 ; 10,228 1906; 16,271—1906; 20,037—1906; 9537—1907; 13,028—1907; 15,536— 1907; 4154—1909; 15,855—1909; 1441 —1910; 27,258—1910; 15,945—1911; 20,975—1911; 20,976—1911; 18,499— 1913; 3370—1914; 127,615—1917; 128,215—1919; 147,904—1920. Fr. Pat. 295,592; 300,676; 1,195,- 308,372 ; 758,335 5 322,506 ; 328,054 ; 354,292 ; 364,690 ; 402,028 ; 421,010; 324,121; 328,658; 354,942: 365,297 ; 409,196 ; 421,843: 324,718: 331,819; 360,912: 372,018; 411,126; 421,854; 326,576 ; 352,853 ; 363,592 ; 388,097 ; 415,945; 423,774; 422,819; 459,048; 476,991. D.R.P. 10,210; 17,089; 68,356; 80,776; 86,740; 180,203; 180,204; 180,489; 207,868; 210,519; 220,228; 221.081; 238,348; 249,535; 255,692; 281,373; 368,476; 404,024. Aust. P. 17,684; 34,908; 47,890; 47,899; 51,094; 54,512; 72,493. Swiss P. 51,952; 59,164. Camphor acetate—U.S.P. 1,529,056. Camphor bromides—U.S.P. 583,516. Camphor, bromo—Fr. Pat. 432,264. Camphor, chloro—Fr. Pat. 432,264. Camphor derivatives—D.R.P. 404,024. Camphor, dichloro—Fr. Pat. 432,264. Camphor, halogen derivatives of—Eng. Pat. 20,975—1911. Fr. Pat. 432,264. 419,530; 309,963 ; 319,724; 325,585 ; 341,556; 363,090 ; 372,512; 377,671; 387,537 ; 404,886 ; 432,047 ; 310,942; 319,926 ; 331,819; 342,464 ; 432,264 ; Can. Pat. 103,036; ‘129, 265. D.R.P. 13,905; 56, 946; 66,055; 80,776; 114.278: 127,816; 139,589 ; 140,480; 168,497 ; 173,020; 176,474; 180,208 ; 192,666 ; 207,869 ; 220,228 ; 251,372% 96,365 ; 125,315; 132,371 140,268 ; 163,668 ; 172,967 ; 174,914; 180,126 ; 188,822; 202,720; 219,918 ; 246,081 ; 117,542 ; 128,120; 139,738 ; 140,855 ; 172,941; 173,796 ; 177,778; 180,280 ; 195,312; 210,519; 221,081 ; 256,922 ; 312,817; 320,133 ; 339,081 ; 349,970 ; 364,604 ; 376,269 ; 382,350 ; 393,310; 411,298; 461,544. 122,272; 128,956 ; 139,905 ; 142,971; 172,966 ; 174,259 ; 178,133 ; 185,808 ; 195,313; 214,962; 238,348 ; 287,745; ‘er , a INDEX OF MATERIALS NAMED IN PATENTS CITED 297 303,018; 304,224; 307,125; 379,343. Aust. P. 6545; 9557; 11,376; 13,838; 27,060; 32,175; 34,908; 47,890. Swiss P. 65,057. Camphorated nitrocellulose—Fr. 517,356. Camphogine—Eng. Pat. 21,485—1892. Candelilla wax—U.S.P. 1,623,035. Caoutchouc—U.S.P. 417,284; 805,466; 1,140,174; 1,217,123; 1,431,845. 374,322; Pat. Eng. Pat. 2484—1878; 959—1879; 25,449—1911; 1378—1912; 16,940— 1913. Fr. Pat. 421,848; 339,654; 427,818; 476,- 991; 495,021. D.R.P. 242,786. Aust. P. 61,055. Capron—U.S.P. 470,451; 595,355; 1,408,- 035. Capronic ether—US.P. 622,727. Carbamic-acid esters—Swiss Pat. 65,138. Carbamide—U.S.P. 514,838. Carbamic esters—US.P. 568,106. Carbanilates—U.S.P. 568,104. Carbiminic acid, esters of—U.S.P. 1,303,- 115; 1,310,489. Carbinols—U.S.P. 1,283,183. Carbohydrate ethers—Eng. Pat. 3370— 1914. Carbohydrate, soluble—Eng. Pat. 24,214 —1907. Carbol—U.S.P. 1,388,472. Carbolates—U.S.P. 612,553. Carbolic acid—U.S.P. RI. 11,997; 573,- 132; 695,127; 774,714; 774,677; 774,- 713; 952,724; 972,464; 1,079,773; 1,105,619; 1,112,890; 1,217,027; 1,394,- 890; 1,484,426. Eng. Pat. 7088—1902; 12,278—1905; 41541909; 476—1910; 27,258—1910; 161,564—1921. Fr. Pat. 319,724; 354,292; 354,942; 402.- 028; 411,298; 419,530; 452,432; 443,- 031. D.R.P. 145,106; 151,918; 189,703. Carbonates, insoluble—Eng. Pat. 3450— 1906. Carbon bisulfide—US.P. 97,454; 265,337; 1,431,455. Eng. Pat. 1865—1879; 3102—1869; 1866—1879; 132,813—1918. Din. 314,317. Fr. Pat. 132,495. DR.P; 10,210. Carbon black—U:S.P. 1,481,455; 1,608,742. Eng. Pat. 192,107—1921. Carbon tetrabromide—US.P. 893,634. D.R.P. 206,471. Carbon tetrachloride—US.P. 265,337; 893,634; 972,464; 1,039,782; 1,105,619; 1,217,027; 1,410,790; 1,418,413; 1,431,- 455; 1,484,482; 1,434,465; 1,439,293; 1,529,056; 1,563,205. Eng. Pat. 1865—1879; 1866—1879; 5891—1907; 9982—1908; 23,728— 1912; 132,8183—1918; 149,319—1919; 190,694—1922. Fr. Pat. 132,495; 351,555; 364,690; 387,- 537; 421,854; 517,356; 553,547. D.R.P. 10,210; 206,471, 314,317. Carbonic acid, compound esters of— US.P. 700,884. Carbonic acid, dichlorethyl ester of— Eng. Pat. 257,258. Carbonic acid, halogen alkyl esters of —Eng. Pat. 257,258. Carbopolycyclic compounds — USP. 1,342,601. Carboxylic acids, halogen alkyl esters of mono- and poly-basic—Eng. Pat. 257,258. Carboxylic derivatives of amines—Fr. Pat. 377,671. Carmine—Eng. Pat. 3178—1871. Carmine oil—Eng. Pat. 276,834. Carnauba wax—U.S8.P. 1,623,035. Carvacrol—U.S.P. 1,521,055; 1,521,056. Cartridge case, lacquer for—U.S.P. 88,- 948. Carvol—U SP. 1,521,056. Eng. Pat. 124,763—1916. Carvone—US.P. 1,552,802. D.R.P. 202,720. Casein—U.S.P. 830,493; 952,724; 1,173,- 337. Eng. Pat. 21,485—1892; 23,752—1903; 12,278—1905; 4154—1909. Fr. Pat. 326,576; 328,658; 339,081; 354,- 292; 402,028. D.R.P. 138,905; 115,681; 138,783; 163,- 668; 242,467. Aust. P. 57,706. Jap. Pat. 37,972. Casein formaldehyde—U. S.P. 952,724. Casein glue coatings—U.S.P. 615,446. Casein lime—Eng. Pat. 17,449—1909. Fr. Pat. 403,761. Caseinates—U.S.P. 830,493. secondary 1,199,800; 1,521,055; 298 D.R.P. 139,905. Caseinates metal—D.R.P. 139,905. Castor oil—U.S.P. RI. 11,997; 18,338; 97,454; 102,798; 112,370; 149,216; 158,188; 311,203; © 313,245; 329,313; 340,026; 352,726; 578,714;° 602,797; 603,001; 612,066; 612,067; 612,553; 615,319; 622,727; 631,295; 697,790; 756,176; 774,714; 874,879; 884,475; 904,269; 928,235; 981,178; 982,370; 1,011,181; 1,045,895; 1,112,890; 1,124,- 012; 1,140,174; 1,141,224; 1,165)179; 1,181,858; 1,195,431; 1,217,027; 1,217,- 123: 1,233,374: 1,234,921» 1,242,783: 1,301,187; 1,309,980; 1,309,981; 1,316,- 311; 1,316,783; 1,320,458; 1,324,154; 1,329,386; 1,406,498; 1,408,035; 1,410,- 790; 1,431,455; 1,451,313; 1,453,764; 1,454,959; 1,454,960; 1,454,961; 1,464,- 949; 1,481,485; 1,496,198; 1,529,056; 1,536,052; 1,575,778; 1,562,386; 1,564,- 664; 1,590,156; 1,592,338; 1,592,340; 1,594,525; 1,608,742; 1,608,743; 1,618,- 481; 1,618,482; 1,618,484; 1,626,113; 1,629,999; 1,633,067; 1,639,080; 1,645,- 141; US.RI. 16,803. Eng. Pat. 2256—1856; 1884—1857; 639 —1858: 2849—1858; 2143—1864; 1695—1867; 3102—1869; 1208—1871; 1866—1879; 466—1883; 5974—1883; 4668—1885; 8442—1886; 2694—1887; © 20,690—1890; 8823—1891; 7784— 1893; 21,995—1895; 12,693—1896; 24,790—1896; 28,613—1897; 8063— 1901; 15,696—1903; 22,245—1904; 28,743—1908; 870—1910; 6519—1910; 12,406—1910; 14,293—1910; 2064— 1911; 20,979—1911; 1878—1912; 3869 —1912; 10,222—1912; 2425—1913; 714—1914; 140—1915; 105,137—1916; 127,027—1917; 127,678—1917; 122,679 —1918; 136,433—1919; 137,455— 1919; 142,615—1919; 144,012—1919; 164,384—1919; 164,385—1919; 164,386 —1919; 145,546—1920; 180,705— 1920; 187,847—1921; 201,421; 209,- 727; 236,190—1925; 243,614; 244,543; 250,894; 254,041; 261,589; 275,747. Can. Pat. 21,473; 78,060; 179,699; 201,- 913; 270,537. Fr, Pat. 324,718; 336,970; 361,954; 364,- 690; 372,018; 379,979; 381,195; 382,- 270; 382,350; 387,537; 392,505; 397,429; 420,127; 421,854; 432,046; 465,345. A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER D.R.P. 10,210; 27,031; 214,398; 180,489; 222,777; 251,351; 2541983) 255,602; 266,384; 372,856. Aust. P. 56,488; 61,055; 3034/13. Swiss P. 47,559. Jap. P. 37972: Castor oil, blown—U.8.P. 1,242,491. Castor oil-chloral compounds—US.P. 999,490. Castor-oil 139,738. Catechol diacetate—U.S.P. 1,552,803. Catechol monoacetate—U.S.P. 1,552,803. Cellet—U.S.P. 1,188,776. Celloidin—Eng. Pat. 383—1887; 27,283— 1910; 134,228—1919. Fr. Pat. 436,245. D.R.P. 239,773. Swiss Pat. 58,686. Celluloid—U.S.P. 251,410; 651,364; 692,- 102; 694,946; 758,335; 803,952; 805,- 466; 888,516; 893,634; 962,877; 1,012,887; 1,089,960; 1,122,554; 1,131,- 929; 1,140,174; 1,141,224; 1,153,574; 1,202,495; 1,217,123; 1,251,710; 1,263,- 186; 1,316,783; 1,332,849; 1,352,741; 1,358,914; 1,392,040; 1,393,290; 1,406,- 498; 1,425,510; 1,481,485; 1,505,820; 1,533,598 ; 1,589,700; 1,592,340; 1,626,- 113; 1,652,353. Eng. Pat. 5413—1886; 8513—1889; 17,012—1890; 21,485— 1892; 27,534—1897; 15,355—1899; 20,092—1899; 4326—1901; 8301— 1901; 10,218—1901; 12,863—1901; 4383—1902 ; 5348—1902 ; 23,445—1902; 4863—1903; 23,752—1903; 9277— 1904; 9962—1904; 15,435—1904; 22,- 245—1904; 11,512—1905; 26,072— 1904; 10,228—1906; 16,271—1906; 24,587—1906 ; 592—1907 ; 5891—1907; oxidation product—D.R.P. 16,330—1887 ; 9537—1907; 11,397—1907; 18,416— 1907; 22,528—1907; 13,221—1908; 13,516—1908; 28,743—1908; 11,340— 1909; 12,976—1909; 15,841—1909; 17,449—1909; 23,547—1909; 24,006— 1909; 27,102—1909; 6519—1910; 6608 —1910; 8646—1910; 10,320—1910; 10,795—1910; 14,586—1910; 2064— 1911; 4253—1911 ; 10,708—1911; 20,975 —1911; 27,969—1911; 28,210—1912; 24251913; 7086—1913; 8283—1913; 8880—1913; 15,386—1913; 23,957— 1913; 25,182—1913; 260791913; 8126—1914 ; 9270—1914; 11,635—1914; INDEX OF MATERIALS NAMED IN PATENTS CITED 299 12,895—1914; 17,501—1914; 18,268— Celluloid varnish—Eng. Pat. 17,427— 1914; 105,137—1916; 106,375—1916; 1910. 114,304—1917; 118,891—1917; 128,974 Celluloidine—Eng. Pat. 8301—1901. —1917; 1382,996—1918; 136,141— Cellulose—D.R.P. 85,235. 1918; 136,483—1919; 148,117—1920; Cellulose, rendering acid proof—US.P. 177 ,536—1922; 196,876—1922; 205,446 974,285; 1,481,485. . —1923; 203,449; 205,828—1923; 211,- Cellulose, treating with alkylating agents 892—1923; 263,076; 277,626. —KEng. Pat. 164,374—1919; 164,377— Can. Pat. 103,036; 150,646. 1919. Fr. Pat. 308,372; 309,962; 309,963; Cellulose acetate—US.P. RI. 11,997; 310,942; 312,817; 317,884; 319,724; 695,127 5.- 738;533.5 e7714:6772-0774,713; G2e401 5 322,006; 324,121; 325,336; 774,714; 830,493 884,475; 888,516; (326,576; 328,054; 336,970; 339,654; 922,340; 951,582; 952,724; 954,310; 340,266; 341,556; 344,048; 344,501; 999,490; 1,003,438; 1,005,454; 1,009,- 347,446; 349,292; 349,970; 352,853; 1165. 1,015,155; 1,015,156; 1,027,486; 360,912; 361,954; 363,090; 363,846; 1,027,614; 1,027,615; 1,027,616; 1,027,- 364,604; 366,106; 368,004; 372,018; 619; 1,031,616; 1,035,108; 1,039,782; 372,299; 372,512; 374,395; 376,399; 1,041,112; 1,041,113; 1,041,114; 1,041,- 377,010; 377,671; 382,270; 379,979; 115; 1,041,116; 1,041,117; 1,041,118; 382,350; 383,478; 387,537; 392,270; 1,050,065 ; 1,067,785; 1,076,215; 1,076,- 393,310; 402,028; 403,761; 404,886; 216; 1,079,773; 1,089,910; 1,094,830; 407,862; 409,196; 420,212; 422,763; 1,095,999; 1,112,890; 1,122,554; 1,128,- 422,819; 424,820; 429,879; 435,417; 468; 1,133,885; 1,136,248; 1,140,174; 439,648; 441,146; 447,664; 454,379; 1,143,979; 1,158,960; 1,165,179; 1,173,- 456,261; 466,911; 467,800; 469,872; 931; 1,181,858; 1,181,859; 1,181,860; 470,092; 520,404. 1,185,074; 1,188,655; 1,188,776; 1,188,- D.RP. 10,210; 27,031; 140,855; 168,- 707 5) V188,0C7 3s) 188,208 59 1,188,799 ; 1,188,800; 1,191,801; 1,195,040; 1,195, 395; 1,199,798; 1,199,799; 1,199,800; 1,200,886; 1,203,756; 1,205,822; 1,216,- 581; 1,217,027; 1,217,123; 1,226,339; 1,226,340; 1,226,341; 1,226,342; 1,226, 343; 1,220,485; 1,229,486; 1,229,487: 1,242,783; 1,244,107; 1,244,108; 1,244,- 347; 1,244,348: 1,244,349:- 1,245,476; 1,263,186; 1,265,217; 1,295,533; 1,298,~ 199; 1,303,563; 1,309,980; 1,309,981; 1,310,841; 1,316,311; 1,317,721; 1,319,- 229; 1,320,290; 1,325,931; 1,342,601; 1,342,603; 1,343,135; 1,345,354; 1,349, 156; 1,351,652; 1,353,384; 1,353,385,- 497; 173,020; 173,796; 174,259; 174,914; 161,213; 162,239; 176,474; 177,778; 180,126; 202,720; 206,471; 207,869; 214,962; 216,307; 219,918; 220,228: 221,081; 238,348; 244,566; 240,563; 251,351; 253,984; 254,193; 266,384: 267,992; 273,498: 276,661; 279,127; 348,628; 348,629; 367,560; 368,476; 397,919. Aust. P. 6545; 11,376; 13,838; 32,175; 57,706; 61,055. Swiss P. 51,644; 60,988; 63,585; 67,591; 76,546; 76,547; 86,853; 53,760. Ae fi Sate 1,354,401; 1,354,726; 1,355,586; 1,357,- 3 ea 335; 1,357,447; 1,363,763; 1,370,879; Celluloid, rendering chemical proof— 1,384,188; 1,386,576; 1,388,472; 1,388,- USP. 692,102. 825; 1,394,752; 1,394,890: 1,395,401; Celluloid scraps—U.S.P. 1,195,431. Can. Pat. 179,699. Celluloid solution—U.S.P. 1,330,421. Eng. Pat. 17,747—1894; 10,103—1896 ; 25,675—1896; 13,560—1898; 7676— 1,397,103; 1,398,939; 1,398,946; 1,400,- 430; 1,406,224; 1,408,095; 1,408,035; 1,408,423; 1,420,028; 1,426,521; 1,429,- 153; 1,431,845; 1,437,829; 1,437,952; 1,440,006; 1,440,178; 1,453,764; 1,466,- 1900; 22,311—1910; 2064—1911; 3612 —1912; 21,081—1912; 23,777—1912; 70871914; 12,075—1915; 131,911— 1919; 131,916—1919. D.R.P. 405,025. 819; 1,469,863; 1,480,016; 1,488,294: 1,493,209; 1,493,210; 1,501,206; 1,508,- 928; 1,521,055; 1,521,056; 1,522,852; 1,528,291; 1,529,056; 1,530,987; 1,536,- 052; 1,538,859; 1,538,860; 1,538,862; 300 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 1,552,795; 1,562,383; 1,562,386; 1,562,- 411,298; 412,797; 412,799; 413,657; 387; 1,563,205; 1,564,664; 1,572,232; 415,517; 415,518; 417,027; 417,250; 1,575,778; 1,589,700; 1,591,652; 1,607,- 418,347 418,744; 419,530; 421,843; 090; 1,607,516; 1,608,743; 1,612,669; 421,854; 427,804; 427,818; 429,754; 1,620,977 ; 1,631,468; 1,633,067; 1,639,- 429,788; 432,046; 432,047; 432,264; 080; 1,641,411; 1,641,412; 1,641,413; 432.483: 436,538; 436,900; 440,955; 1,644,417; 1,644,420; 1,652,353. 441,146; 446,627; 447,645; 450,746; Eng. Pat. 9676—1894; 20,092—1899; 452,432: 456,729; 463,156; 463,622; 26,075—1901; 7088—1902; 2264— 465,345; 477,294; 479,387; 482,239; 1902; 4863—1903; 592—1907; 19,735 487,350; 489,037; 491,490; 495,021; —1908; 27,201—1908; 4154—1909; 498,949; 499,868; 499,993; 501,700; 7743—1909; 8945—1909; 11,354— 504,347; 508,975; 521,370; 521,476; 1909; 11,625—1909; 12,976—1909; 535,466; 541,643; 573,701; 580,882; 17,449—1909; 476—1910; 636—1910; 581,651; 581,653; 587,133; 587,486; 1441—1910; 3559—1910; 4959—1910; 601,547; 611,899. 6608—1910; 10,794—1910; 10,795— D.RP. 85,329; 18,537; 145,106; 151,918; 1910; 12406—1910; 18,189—1910; 162,239; 189,703; 202,720; 210,519; 21,719—1910; 27,258—1910; 28,848— 237,718; 238,348; 240,751; 242,467; 1910; 29,273—1910; 3139—1911; 4744 246,081; 246,657; 246,967; 248,559; —1911 ;.- G798—1911 . 11,728-—1911; 254,784; 255,704; 256,922; 263,056; 16,271—1911; 20,976—1911; 20,979— 268,627; 276,013; 277,529; 279,638; 1911; 21,426—1911; 13,239—1912; 281,374; 284,672; 287,745; 295,764; 18,822—1912; 23,728—1912: 2425— 298,806; 303,018; 304,224; 307,125; 1913; 18499—1913; 28,490—1913; 319,723; 324,786; 375,640; 391,873; 5633—1914; 13,100—1914; 14,042— 402,752; 439,009. 1914; 12,839—1915; 15,428—1915; Aust. Pat. 34,908; 42,440; 47,679; 106,375—1916; 124,515—1916; 124,763 47,890; 47,899; 50,656; 51,094; —1916; 124,807—1916; 124,844— 53,109; 61,055; 63,966. 1916; 128274—1916: 112,483—1917; Swiss P. 48,975; 51,952; 66,510. 114,304—1917; 118,891—1917; 127,- Jap. Pat. 37,972. 027—1917; 127,615—1917; 127678— Cellulose acetate dope—Eng. Pat. 1917; 133,353—1918; 123,712—1918; 134,899—1918. 129,630—1918; 130,402—1918; 131,369 Cellulose acetate, gelatinizing agent for —1918* 19138419187) 9 19be4i —D.R.P. 395,704; 402,752. 1918; 131,647—1918; 132,283—1918; Cellulose acetate solutions—Eng. Pat. 138,379—1918; 158,521—1918; 128.- 131,911—1919; 131,916—1919; 177,- 215—1919; 142,615—1919; 154,334— 268—1921. 1919; 160,225—1919; 145,571—1920; Cellulose acetate solvent—US.P. 804,- 146,212—1920; 147,904—1920; 179, 906; 922,340; 1,005,454; 1,015,155; 208—1920; 157,126—1921; 176,367— 1,015,156; 1,027,486; 1,027,614; 1,027,- 1921; 179,234—1921; 184,671—1921; 615; 1,027,616; 1,027,619; 1,035,108; 189,942—1922; 190,269—1921; 182,- 1,039,782; 1,041,112; 1,041,114; 1,041,- 488—1922; 189,416—1922; 195,849— 115; 1,041,116; 1,041,117; 1,041,118; 1922; 2021541922: 202,835—1922; 1,079,773; 1,094,830; 1,136,248; 1,143,- 209,633—1923; 222,168—1923; 230,- 979; 1,181,859; 1,181,860; 1,188,799; 663—1925; 237,900—1925; 226,142; 1,188,800; 1,195,673; 1,199,395; 1,199,- 243,350; 243,031; 243614; 243,722; 800; 1,203,756; 1,216,581; 1,217,027; 264,045. 1,226,339; 1,226,340; 1,226,341; 1,226,- Can. Pat. 129,265; 147,578; 175,107; 342; 1,226,348; 1,229,485; 1,229,486; 198,265; 238,217: 260,463; 264,990; 1,229,487; 1,242,783; 1,244,108; 1,244- 261,371; 270,537. 347; 1,244,348; 1,244,349; 1,303,563; Fr. Pat. 317,007 ; 317,008; 319,724; 324,- 1,308,803; 1,339,728; 1,357,447; 1,363,- 121; 324,718; 354,292: 393,963; 763; 1,365,049; 1,379,699; 1,384,188; 397,429; 401,228; 402,028; 402,072; 1,395,401; 1,898,946; 1,406,224; 1,408,- 402,083; 403,761; 408370; 411,126; 035; 1,434,634; 1,440,006; 1,469,863; INDEX OF MATERIALS NAMED IN PATENTS CITED 301 1,480,016; 1,488,294; 1,522,852; 1,644,- 420. Eng. Pat. 9676—1894; 6554—1909; 1441—1910; 10,794— 1910; 12,406—1910; 14,298—1910; 21,719—1910; 3139—1911; 4744— 1911; 11,728—1911; 20,976—1911; 13,239—1912; 23,728—1912; 21,015— 1913; 28,490—1913; 14,042—1914; 15,428—1915; 127,027—-1917; 123,712 —1918; 131,647—1918; 132,283— 1918; 1383,353—1918; 128,215—1919; 145,511—1920; 184,671—1921; 195,- 849—1922; 231,161—1925; 243,030; 243,350; 248,722; 246,272. an. at. 129,265; 261,371. Peper atols O01; 319,724; 352,897; 400,652; 411,126; 412,797; 412,799; 413,901; 414,680; 417,250; 418,347; 425,900; 427,562; 432,046; 432,047; 432,047; 432,264; 432,388; 443,031; 440,133; 461,058; 461,544; 464,617; 472,423; 487,350; 491,490; 501,700; 504,347; 510,535; 517,356; 562,056; 581,653; 595,155; 601,547. D.R.P. 18,537; 85,329; 201,907; 237,718; 240,751; 242,467; 246657; 246,967; 248,559; 254,385; 254,784; 256,922; 268,627; 281,374; 284,672; 307,075; 367,560; 375,640; 383,699; 391,667; 402,753; 406,426; 439,009. Aust. P. 53,099; 47,899; 78,972; 53,109; 99,665. Swiss P. 52,115; 61,929; 66,488; 66,510. Cellulose acetobutyrate—US.P. 830,493. Cellulose, alkyl and aralkyl—Eng. Pat. 171,661—1920. Cellulose, alkyl or aralkyl ethers of—Fr. Pat. 521,000. Cellulose angelate—U.S.P. R.I. 11,997. Cellulose benzoate—U.S.P. RI. 11,997; 695,127; 999,490; 1,173,337. Cellulose, benzylI—U.S.P. 1,563,204. 20,092—1899 ; Eng. Pat. 164,375—1919; 205,195— 1922. D.R.P. 307,125. Cellulose butyrate—US.P. RI. 11,997; 695,127; 830,493; 884,475; 1,105,619; 1,173,337. Eng. Pat. 12,406—1910; 6798—1911; 161,564—1921; 182,820—1921. Cellulose butyrate solvent—Eng. Pat. 161,564—1921. Cellulose derivatives—US.P. 1,608,742. D.R.P. 433,656. Cellulose derivatives, solvents US.P. 1,609,303. Eng. Pat. 245,469; 257,258. Fr. Pat. 605,085; 606,969. Cellulose ester—U.S.P. 1,462,306; 1,552,- 795; 1,562,383; 1,589,700; 1,633,067; . 1,644,419; 1,644,420; 1,652,353. Eng. Pat. 2264—1902; 6798—1910; 14,364—1910; 7418—1913; 128659— 1917; 129,033—1917 ; 138,078—1917 ; 134,228—1919; 131,082—1918; 131,- 641—1918; 1382,8183—1918; 138,641— 1919; 154,157—1919; 180,705—1920; 184,197—1921; 192,107—1921; 177,- 586—1922; 206,770—1923; 226,142— 1924; 233,874—1925; 241,858; 243, 030; 246,447; 275,969. Can. Pat. 147,579; 200,433; 256,395; 259,475; 260,464; 271,382; 271,948. Fr. Pat. 377,010; 432,264; 455,811; 469,925; 471,104; 474,086; 499,703; 505,438; 508,975; 530,440; 535,466; 562,667; 580,883; 587,486; 589,732. D.R.P, 211,573, 240,188; 251,351; 266,- tole 4 204 307 771: 319,723; 322,648; 334,983; 351,228; 367,106; 369,536; 369,446; 375,274; 379,343; 395,704; 396,051; 399,074; 412,884; 419,223; 434640. Aust. P. 34,908; 61,055; 72,493; 46,991; 53,109. Swiss P. 61,929; 63,585; 53,760. Dutch P. 103. Cellulose esters, compound—Eng. Pat. 27 ,102—1909. Cellulose ester solvent—U.S.P. 988,965; 1,079,773; 1,309,980; 1,405,448; 1,449,- 156; 1,488,608; 1,600,700; 1,612,669; 1,644,417; 1,644,418. Eng. Pat. 6751—1905; 16,932—1910; 7292—1912; 14,246— 1913; 16,940—1913; 25,182—1913; 1262—1914; 115,855—1917; 134,228— 1917; 138,078—1920; 182,488—1922; 189,416—1922; 190,694—1922; 226,142 —1924; 231,161—1925 ; 238,485—1925 ; 241,858; 245,129: 246272: 255,406; 256,229; 275,653. Can. Pat. 234,821; 234,322; 260,463; 260,466; 271,382. Fr. Pat. 418,309; 432,047; 440,733; 443,031; 464,617; for— 4364—1910; 259,475 ; 432,264 ; 464,646 ; 302 505,087 ; 595,155. 188,542; 331,285 ; 402,753; 476,991 ; 505,073 ; 512,850 ; DEP; 251,351: 364,347 ; 419,223. Aust. P. 29,219; 99,665. Swiss P. 52,273; 52,438; 61,929; 66,510; 67,708; 85,868. Dutch Pat. 103. Cellulose ether—U.S.P. 1,394,505; 1,- 395,905; 1,405,490; 1,429,153; 1,429,- 169; 1,432,373; 1,482,374; 1,484,426; 1,434,432; 1,434,465; 1,437,792; 1,437,- 828; 1,437,829; 1,487,952; 1,441,143; 1,441,181; 1,444,331; 1,444,406; 1,450,- 714; 1,450,715; 1,450,716; 1,454,959; 1,458,256; 1,460,097; 1,460,690; 1,464,- 169; 1,464,170; 1,467,071; 1,467,091; 1,467,092; 1,467,093; 1,467,094; 1,467,- 095; 1,467,096; 1,467,097; 1,467,098; 1,467,099; 1,467,100; 1,467,101; 1,467,- 102; 1,467,103; 1,467,104; 1,467,105; 1,469,812; 1,469,813; 1,469,816; 1,469,- 825 1,469,826; 1,469,862; 1,469,063; 1,473,217; 1,473,218; 1,473,219; 1,479,- 955; 1,494,469; 1,494,470; 1,494,471; 1,494,472; 1,494,473; 1,494,474; 1,494,- 475; 1,494,476; 1,500,366; 1,518,417; 1,529,056; 1,518,396; 1,538,859; 1,538,- 491,490; 519,536 ; 175,379; 266,781 ; 368,476 ; 334,871 ; 406,924 ; 862; 1,548,933; 1,548,938; 1,552,792; . 1,552,793; 1,552,794; 1,552,796; 1,552,- 797; 1,552,798; 1,552,799; 1,552,800; 1,552,801; 1,552,802; 1,552,803; 1,552,- 804; 1,552,805; 1,552,806; 1,552,808; 1,563,204; 1,563,205; 1,583,709; 1,633,- 067. Eng. Pat. 149,319—1919; 164,3874— 1919; 157,119—1919; 164,375—1919; 164,377—1919; 164,884—1919; 164,385 —1919; 164,386—1919; 156,752— 1920; 174,660—1920; 181,892—1922; 181,893—1922; 181,395—1922; 205,- 195—1922; 206,770—1923; 226,142— 1924; 233,874—1925; 241,858; 244- 543; 252,328; 275,969. Can. Pat. 249,773; 259,475. Fr. Pat. 408,396; 580,883; 589,732. D.R.P. 322,619; 336,476; 399,074. Cellulose ether solvent—U.S.P. 1,394,- 505; 1,405,449; 1,405,487; 1,411,708: 1,418,413; 1,425,173; 1,429,169; 1,429,- 188; 1,431,905; 1,481,906; 1,432,364; 1,432,365; 1,432,373; 1,432,874; 1,434,- 587,486 ; 228,267 ; A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 426; 1,434,427; 1,434,432; 1,434,465; 1,437,792; 1,441,143; 1,444,331; 1,444,- 406; 1,450,714; 1,450,715; 1,450,716; 1,460,690; 1,464,169; 1,464,170; 1,467,- 071; 1,467,091; 1,467,092; 1,467,093; 1,467,094; 1,467,095; 1,467,096; 1,467,- 097; 1,467,098; 1,467,099; 1,467,100; 1,467,101; 1,467,102; 1,467,103; 1,467,- 104; 1,467,105; 1,469,812; 1,469,813; 1,469,816; 1,469,825; 1,469,826; 1,469,- 862; 1,469,863; 1,473,217; 1,473,218; 1,473,219 1,479,955; 1,494,469; 1,494,- 470; 1,494,471; 1,494,472; 1,494,473; 1,494,474; 1,494,475; 1,494,476; 1,500,- 366; 1,518,417; 1,548,938; 1,552,792; 1,552,796; 1,552,797; 1,552,798; 1,552,- 799; 1,552,800; 1,552,801; 1,552,802; 1,552,804; 1,552,805; 1,552,806; 1,599,- 569. Eng. Pat. 6387—1913; 181,892—1922; 181,395—1922; 231,161—1925; 244, 543; 275,653. Can. Pat. 249,773. Fr. Pat. 445,638; 595,155. Aust. Pat. 99,665. Cellulose ether, ethyl—US.P. 1,281,080; 1,405,491; 1,411,677; 1,432,364; 1,432,- 365; 1,434,427; 1,538,860. Eng. Pat. 164,3886—1919; 205,195—1922. D.R.P. 307,125. Cellulose ether, methyI—US.P. 1,538,860. Eng. Pat. 164,386—1919; 205,195—1922. Cellulose formate—US.P. RI. 11,997; 695,127; 999,490; 1,029,341; 1,105,- 619; 1,140,174; 1,153,596; 1,173,337; 1,217,027; 1,217,123; 1,316,311; 1,488, 608; 1,563,205. Eng. Pat. 21,719—1910; 29,246—1910; 8313—1911; 6798—1911; 106,375— 1916. Fr. Pat. 423,774; 428.069. . D.R.P. 249,535; 265,911; 267,557. Aust. P. 54,512. Cellulose formate solvent—D.R.P. 265,- 852; 265,911; 266,600; 267,557. Cellulose hydroacetate—D.R.P. 287,745. Cellulose, mixed esters of—Eng. Pat. 8646—1910; 8647—1910. Fr. Pat. 414,679. Aust. P. 47,244. Cellulose nitrate-acetate US.P. 729,990; 888,516. Cellulose, octonitric—U.S.P. 756,176. 408,396; 562,667; compound— eS ee, ee “~~ INDEX OF MATERIALS NAMED IN PATENTS CITED 303 Cellulose oleate—US.P. RI. 11,997; 999,490. Cellulose palmitate—US.P. 830,493; 1,105,619. Cellulose phenol propionate—U.S.P. 695,127; R.I. 11,997. Cellulose phenyl acetate—US.P. RT. 11,997; 695,127; 830,493. Cellulose phosphoformate—Eng. 29,246—1910. Fr. Pat. 423,774. D.R.P. 249,535. Aust. P. 54,512. Cellulose proprionate—US.P. 11,997; 695,127; 1,181,860. Eng. Pat. 6798—1911; 106,375—1916; 131,384—1918. Cellulose, propyl—D.R.P. 307,125. Cellulose stearate—U.S.P. 999,490; 1,- 173,337. Cellulose triacetate—U.S.P. 1,188,798. Eng. Pat. 14,293—1910. Cellulose, tricetyI—U.S.P. 951,582. Cellulose xanthates—US.P. 951,582; 1,217,027; 1,431,455. Cellulose xanthogenate—U.S.P. 830,493. Cement—U.8.P. 1,112,890; 1,122,554. Pat. Ri. Eng. Pat. 2143—1864; 2802—1873; 8513—1889; 12,075—1915; 115,855— 1917. Cement for fabrics—US.P. 1,648,437. Cement for films—U.S.P. 1,505,820; 1,556,512; 1,596,965. Ceresine wax—US.P. 1,592,338; 340; 1,594,525. Cerium—U'S.P. 1,196,144. Cerium carbonate—U'S.P. 1,538,862. Cerium oxalate—U.S.P. 1,538,862. Chalk—U.S.P. 294,557. Eng. Pat. 2802—1873; 156,096—1920. Charibetol—Eng. Pat. 124,763—1916. China clay—U.S.P. 352,726; 1,217,123. Eng. Pat. 491—1885; 264,045. Can, Pat. 21,473. Chinoline—US.P. 1,217,027. Chloracetanilid—Eng. Pat. 15,485—1904; 2817—1906. Chloracetate of chloramyl—Eng. 487—1888. Chloracetic acid—Eng. Pat. 870—1910. Fr. Pat. 420,127. Chloral—U.S.P. 246,891; 1,354,401. Eng. Pat. 184,197—1921. Fr. Pat. 530,440. 1,592,- 156,095—1919; Pat. Chloral alcoholate—US.P. 1,508,483; 1,508,484. Eng. Pat. 9537—1907. Fr, Pat. 377,010, D.R.P. 189,703; 220,228; 265,911. Aust P. 34,908. 1,195,040 ; Chloral hexachlorethane—Eng. Pat. 263,075. Chloral hydrate—U.S.P. 246,891; 774,- 677; 830,493; 1,195,040; 1,351,652; 1,354,401; 1,508,483; 1,508,484. Eng. Pat. 7088—1902; 9537—1907; 27,258—1910; 184,197—1921. Fr. Pat. 319,724; 377,010; 419,530; 530,440. DRP. 152,111; 189,703; 220,228: 265,911. Aust. P. 34,908. Chloranisol—Eng. Pat. 20,975—1911. Fr. Pat. 432,264. p-Chlorbenzene-sulfamid—U.S.P. 758,- 335. p-Chlorbenzenesulfanilid—U.S.P. 758,335. p-Chlorbenzenesulfo-beta naphthol — U2 tion os0. Chlorbenzol—U.S.P. 1,105,619. Chlorbenzyl alcohol—U. S.P. 1,370,853. Eng. Pat. 128,215—1919. Swiss P. 65,057. Chlorbenzylhydrates—U.S.P. 1,181,860. Chlorbenzyl lactate—U.S.P. 1,612,669. Chlorethane—U S.P. 1,439,293. Fr. Pat. 553,547. Chlorethyl alcohol—Aust. P. 56,488. Chloretone—Eng. Pat. 205,195—1922. Chlorhydrin—US8.P. 942,395; 1,005,454; 1,406,224, Eng. Pat. 11,928—1907; 476—1910; 243,722. Aust. Pat. 50,656. Chlorhydrins, alkylidene ethers of— D.R.P. 288,267. Chlorhydrin derivatives—U.S.P. 800. Chlorides of alkalies and alk. earths, use of in solvents—U.8.P. 573,132. Chloride of lime—Eng. Pat. 1125—1856. Chlorine—U.S.P. 371,021; 372,100. Chlorine, use of in Mfg. non-combustible compositions—Fr. Pat. 407,862. D.R.P. 214,398; 216,307. Chlormethyl alcohol—Aust. P. 56,488. Chloroacetanilid—Fr. Pat. 341,556. Chloro benzoic acids—U.8S.P. 1,161,063. 1,199,- 304 B-Chloro ethyl acetate—US.P. 1,469,816. D.R.P, 391,667. 6-Chlorethylacetic ester—Swiss Pat. 85,868. Chloroform—U.S.P. 284,970; 478,543; 695,127; 694,946; 774,713; 774,714; 830,493; 974,285; 988,965; 1,005,454; 1,027,614; 1,027,616; 1,035,108; 1,039,- 782; 1,050,065; 1,067,785; 1,112,890; 1,122,554; 1,175,791; 1,181,859; 1,181,- 860; 1,188,798; 1,195,673; 1,199,798; 1,199,800; 1,217,027; 1,229,485; 1,229, 487; 1,244,107; 1,244,108; 1,244,347; 1,244,348; 1,244,349; 1,245,476; 1,281,- 080; 1,319,229; 1,357,614; 1,370,853; 1,386,576; 1,388,472; 1,394,505; 1,405,- 487; 1,410,790; 1,431,906; 1,437,828; 1,437,829; 1,439,293; 1,441,181; 1,464, 169; 1,469,816; 1,563,205. Eng. Pat. 9676—1894; 20,874—1900; 26,075—1901; 5348—1902; 17,232— 1904; 10,794—1910; 21,719—1910; 25,183—1913; 13,100—1914; 132,813 —1918; 134,228—1919; 149,319— 1919; 171,661—1920; 146,212—1920; 181,3892—1922; 190,694—1922. Can. Pat. 175,107. Fr. Pat. 397,429; 317,008; 397,429; 432,047; 461,544; 483,316; 553,547. DRP;.. 202,720; 210,519: 302,460; 314,317; 85,329. Aust. Pat. 50,656; 63,966. Chloroform-alcohol—Eng. Pat. 181,392— 1922. Chlorolefins—U.S.P. 1,082,543. Chlorphenols—Eng. Pat. 15,945—1911. Chlorpropyl acetate—US.P. 1,397,986; 1,480,016. Chlortoluene—U.S.P. 583,516. Eng. Pat. 20,975—1911. Fr. Pat. 432,264. Chloro-toluic acids—U.S.P. 1,161,063. Chrome salts—U.S.P. 1,464,949. Chrome yellow—US8.P. 329,313. Chromic acid salt, use of in manufac- ture of pyroxylin solvents—Eng. Pat. 22,019—1894. Chrysocolla—U'S.P. 1,534,651. Cigar tips, coating—U.S.P. 951,582. Cigarette papers, coating for—Eng. Pat. 28,490—1913; 264,045. Cinchonine—US.P. 1,354,401. Cinchonine, acetone sulfate of—U.S.P. 1,349,156. 126,698 ; 248,559 ; A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER Cinchonine sulfate—U.S.P. 1,354,401. Cineol—U.S.P. 996,191. Cinnamic acid esters (amyl ester)— D.R.P. 351,228. Cinnamyl, use of in manufacture of pyroxylin solvents—U.8.P. 502,921. Cinnamylic alcohol—US.P. 1,199,800; 1,388,472. Citric acid—U.S.P. 573,132; 1,089,960. Eng. Pat. 6858—1896; 7086—1913; 129,033—1917. Fr. Pat. 454,379; 499,703. D.R.P. 276,661. Citric acid esters—U.S.P 568,105. Citric acid, salts of—Eng. Pat. 6858— 1896; 129,033—1917. Clay—US8.P. 1,025,217; 1,582,705. Eng. Pat. 148,117—1920. Clock dials, coating for—U.S.P. 313,245. Cloth, waterproofing composition for— US.P. 112,370; 149,216; 578,714. Coagulating materials—Eng. Pat. 177,- 268—1921. Coagulating substances—Eng. Pat. 19,- 735—1908. Coal, residual distillation product from— US.P. 97,454. Eng. Pat. 3102—1869. Coal tar products—Aust. Pat. 53,109. Cobalt acetate—US.P. 1,636,319. Cobalt alkyl phthalate—U.S.P. 1,591,652. Cochineal—Eng. Pat. 203,449. Cocoanut oil, oxidation product—D.R.P. 139,738. Colemanite—U.S8.P. 1,534,651. Collars or cuffs, lacquers for—U.S.P. 1,453,764. Collodion—U.S.P. 18,338; 79,261; 89,582; 102,798; 104,241; 126,698; 136,953; 139,333; 149,216; 160,010; 225,802; 284,970; 417,284; 461,272; 463,039; 556,017; 627,296; 628,463; 893,987; 951,582; 953,621; 1,011,181; 1,133,062; 1,275,063; 1,351,652; 1,505,820; 1,592,- 338; 1,594,201; 1,596,965. Eng. Pat. 2256—1856; 1884—1857; 639 —1858; 2295—1859; 2249—1860; 756—1864; 21483—1864; 3651—1868; 1208—1871; 2802—1873; 4195—1874; 33—1883; 5974—1883; 5433—1884; 5413—1886; 383—1887; 8823—1891; 22,610—1891; 5216—1893; 9261— 1894; 13,198—1896; 18,744—1901; 15,912—1905; 5072—1906; 15,536— 1907; 18,416—1907; 13,221—1908 ; INDEX OF MATERIALS NAMED IN PATENTS CITED 305 98,415—1908; 1715—1908; 22,311— 1910; 2064—1911; 17,953—1912; 137,- 455—1919; 184,173—1921; 184,495— 1921; 187,847—1921. Can. Pat. 100,547. Fr. Pat. 329,854; 356,444; 379,589; 381,195; 403,761; 439,648; 452,727; 459,048. D.R.P. 12,778; 14,625; 17.089; 66,055; 211,520; 242,786; 240,563; 250,421; 277,490; 281,265. Collodion cotton—U.S.P. 1,185,514. Eng. Pat. 15,355—1899; 9992—1902; 9962—1904; 28,376—1904; 21,493— 1906; 8618—1908. Fr. Pat. 333,824; 379,589; 436,245. D.R.P. 255,704. Aust. Pat. 25,570. Swiss P. 67,708. 377,039 ; 429,166 ; Collodion solutions, uses of—US.P. 92,269. Eng. Pat. 2295—1859; 2249—1860; 756 —1864; 3651—1868; 3178—1871; 13,198—1896 ; 25,779—1896. re Pa. 920,004; 431/11; 452,727; 459,048. D.R.P. 277,490. Collodion varnish—Eng. Pat. 17,155— 1912. Collodion wool—Eng. Pat. 26,201—1905; 11,928—1907. D.R.P. 86,740; 93,009. Colloiding agent for nitrocellulose— USP. 1,598,474. Cologne spirits—US.P. 158,188. Colophonium—Fr. Pat. 466,911. Colophony—U.S.P. 1,195,673. Eng. Pat. 9982—1908; 26,079—1913. Fr. Pat. 352,858; 387,537; 392,505; 424,820. D.R.P. 163,668; 177,778. Swiss Pat. 66,510. Colour leaf—Eng. Pat. 5216—1893. Colour, oil—Eng. Pat. 5216—1893. Coloring earths—Eng. Pat. 1378—1912. Coloring matter—U.S.P. 112,370; 150,- 722; 262,077; 269,348; 269,344; 269,345; 286,212; 311,203; 366,231; 510,617 517,987; 548,108; 552,934; 552,935; 568,106; 622,727; 631,295; 830,493; 841,509; 861,435; 942,395; 982,370; 1,012,887; 1,015,156; 1,027,- 486; 1,041,115; 1,041,116; 1,041,117; 1,041,118; 1,067,785; 1,076,215; 1,076,- 216; 1,140,174; 1,181,860; 1,242,783; 1,316,783; 1,330,421; 1,392,040; 1,393,- 290; 1,454,959; 1,454,960; 1,454,961; 1,456,782; 1,562,544; 1,589,700. Eng. Pat. 1884—1857; 22491860; 1208 —1871; 1866—1879; 33—1883; 5413— 1886; 5791—1887; 19,456—1891; 4169 —1892; 21,455—1893; 11,927—1898; 3450—1906; 18,416—1907; 14,586— 1910; 20,976—1911; 1378—1912; 10,222-1912; 21,368—1912; 5633— 1914: 124,763—1916; 129,630—1918; 131,369—1918; 136,433—1919; 144,- 012—1919; 154,334—1919; 156,095— 1919; 164,385—1919; 164,386—1919; 155,778—1920; 156,096—1920; 174,- 660—1920; 179,208—1920; 189,942— 1921; 205,195—1922; 205,446—1923; 247,288; 266,363; 275,969; 277,989. Can. Pat. 100,547; 110,622; 214,462. Fr. Pat. 356,444; 381,195; 433,018; 495,- 021; 520,404. DR PY 242,186; Aust. Pat. 7052; 47,899; 61,055. Swiss Pat. 48,975; 51,952. Concrete, paint for coating—US.P. 1,021,569. Copal gum—US.P. 136,953; 150,722; 286,212; 434,330; 697,790; 304,960; 805,466; 1,012,887; 1,021,569; 1,166,- 790; 1,195,673; 1,310,841; 1,329,386; 1,408,035; 1,410,790; 1,437,170; 1,583,- 703; 1,623,035. Eng. Pat. 2675—1864; 1695—1867; 383 —1887; 7784—1893; 8063—1901; 21,368—1912; 187,847—1921; 243,030; 254,041; 256,229. Can. Pat. 78,060. Fr. Pat. 459,006; 517,356. D.R.P. 180,489; 263,404; 177,778. Aust. Pat, 27,202; 64,393. Swiss Pat. 64,710; 66,510. Copal varnish—U.S.P. 225,802. Copper butyl phthalate—U.S.P. 1,591,- 652. Can. Pat. 260,927. Copper chloride—Fr. Pat. 374,395. Copper metal—U.S.P. 1,652,587. Copper oxide ammonia cellulose—US.P. 1,464,949. Copper powder—US.P. 521,056. Eng. Pat. 126,989—1916. Copperas, white—U.S.P. 697,790. Eng. Pat. 8063—1901. 272,391 ; 1,521,055; 1, 306 Can. Pat. 78,060 Corals, imitation—U.S.P. 150,722. Coraline—U.8.P. 251,410. Corks, coating—Eng. Pat. 3612—1912. D.R.P. 240,563. Cork meal—Eng. Pat. 5633—1914; 156,- 095—1919. Corrosion of lacquer, Eng. Pat. 268,901. Coumarine—US.P. 269,342. Coumarone-indene polymerization prod- uct—D.R.P. 277,605. Coumarone resin—U.S.P. 1,562,383; 562,385; 1,562,387. Eng. Pat. 171,661—1920. Fr. Pat. 469,925; 471,104. D.R.P. 281,265. Creosote—U.S.P. 578,714. Fr. Pat. 450,746; 491,490. Swiss Pat. 52,115. Creosote carbonate—U.S.P. 1,217,123. Eng. Pat. 28,210—1912. Fr. Pat. 456,261. Creosote oleate—US.P. 1,217,123. Eng. Pat. 28,210—1912. Fr. Pat. 456,261 Creosote phosphate—U.S.P. 1,217,123. Eng. Pat, 28,210—1912. Creosote, wood—U8.P. 234,675. Cresol—_U.S.P. RJ. 11,997; 774,713; 774,714; 1,173,337; 1,217,027; 1,394,- 890. Cresolacetic 395,703. Cresol esters—Eng. Pat. 27,201—1908; 8646—1910; 8647—1910. Aust Pat. 53,109; 47,244; 47,679. Cresol, ethers of—Fr. Pat. 413,658; 414,680. Cresol phosphate—Eng. Pat. 6608—1910. Fr. Pat. 456,261. Cresol phosphoric acid anilids—D.R.P. 144,648. Cresol resin—U.S.P. 1,094,830. Cresol-sulfamid condensation product —Fr. Pat. 587,133. Cresol, sulfo ethers of—Fr. Pat. 414,680; 413,658. Cresol, thioesters of—Aust. P. 53,109; 47,244; 47,679. Cresol thiophosphates—Eng. Pat. 6608— 1910. - Cresoxyethylacetanilid—D.R.P. 438,849. _ Cresyl phosphate—Eng. Pat. 23,445— 1902. reduction of— 1,- acid ethylanilid—D.R.P. A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER Fr. Pat. 325,685. Cresyl phosphoric acid ester—Eng. Pat. 23,445—1902. D.R.P. 142,971. Cresylic acid—Eng. Pat. 124,807—1916. Curcumine—U.S.P. 139,338. Curling of films, preventing—U.S.P. 1,429,179; 1,496,359. Eng. Pat. 15,855—1899. Cumarone resins—U.S.P. 1,185,514; 1,- 191,801, Cupro-ammonium cellulose—US.P. 1,- 523,476. Cuprous chloride—D.R.P. 266,600. Cyanates—D.R.P. 312,392. Cyanimide dicyanodiamide—D.R.P. 312,- 392. o-Cyanocinnamic acid, alkyl esters of —D.R.P. 412,884. Cyanogen—U.S8.P. 893,634. Cyclic acetates—D.R.P. 214,962. Cyclic alcohol, ester of—Eng. Pat. 254,041. hydrogenized—US.P. 1,045,895. Cyclic hydrocarbons, chlor-derivatives— US.P. 1,342,602; 1,580,189. Cyclic ketone—Eng. Pat. 254,041. Cyclic. oxides—U.8.P. 996,191. Cycloacetals—D.R.P. 419,223. Cyclobutanone—U'S.P. 1,440,006. Eng. Pat. 184,671—1921. Cyclohexane—Aust. P. 64,393. Cyclohexanol—U.S.P. 900,204; 1,467,097. D.R.P. 174,914; 331,285; 334,761; 374,- 322; 406,924. Swiss Pat. 115,116. Cyclohexanol acetate—U.S.P. 1,045,895. Eng. Pat. 3869—1912; 254,041. D.R.P. 251,351; 406,924. Swiss P. 59,164. Dutch P. 103. Cyclohexanol, adipic ester of—D.R.P. 406,013. Cyclohexanol, esters of—Eng. Pat. 3869 —1912; 7292—1912. Fr. Pat. 440,733. D.R.P. 434,640. Cyclohexanol esters of phthalic acid— D.R.P. 367,106. Cyclohexanol formate—U.S.P. 1,045,895. Eng. Pat. 3869—1912; 254,041. Cyclohexanone—US.P. 900,204; 790; 1,339,728; 1,395,401; 1,467,101. Eng. Pat. 21,368—1912; 14,042—1914; 1,166,- INDEX OF MATERIALS NAMED IN PATENTS CITED 307 130,402—1918; 128,215—1919; 145,511 —1920; 254,041; 263,175. Fr. Pat. 432,264; 459,006; 510,535. D.RP. 174,914; 202,720; 263,404; 272,- 391; 284,672; 334,761; 334,871. Swiss P. 64,710. Cyclohexanone-glycerine—Fr. Pat, 589,- 732; Cyclohexyl acetate—Swiss Pat. 115,116. Cyclohexyl esters of phenoxyacetic acid —D.R.P. 374,322. Cyclohexanyl formate—D.R.P. 334,761. Cycloketone—U.S.P. 1,339,728. Eng. Pat. 130,402—1918. Cycloketones, alkyl substances—US.P. 1,339,728. Eng. Pat. 130,402—1918. Cycloketones, amyl substances—US.P. 1,339,728. Eng. Pat. 130,402—1918. Cycloketones, unsaturated—D.R.P. 202,- 720. Cyclonaphthanone—Fr. Pat. 432,264. Cyclopentanol acetate—Eng. Pat. 3869— 1912; 254,041. Cyclopentanol, esters of—U.S.P. 1,045,- 895. Eng. Pat. 3869—1912. D.R.P. 255,692. " Swiss P. 59,164; 61,611. Dutch P. 103. Cyclopentanol formate—Eng. Pat. 254,- 041. . Cyclopentanone—U.S.P. 339,728. Eng. Pat. 21,368—1912; 130,402—1918; 254,041. Fr. Pat. 459,006; 510,535. D.R.P. 263,404; 272,391 Aust. P. 64,393. Swiss P. 64,710. Cymene—D.R.P. 336,476. 1,166,790; 1,- Dammar, gum—US.P. 329,313; 366,231; 951,582; 1,021,569; 1,166,790; 1,529,- 056; 1,583,703; 1,589,608; 1,618,483; 1,620,977; 1,623,035; 1,629,999; 1,651,- 578; U.S.R.I. 16,803. Eng. Pat. 20,874—1900; 21,368—1912; 205,828—1923. ~ Can. Pat. 260,927. Fr. Pat. 363,592; 459,006. D.R.P. 177,778; 263,404; 272,391. Aust. P. 64,393. Swiss P. 64,710. Decolorizing agents—U.S.P. 927,674. Dekalin (dekahydronaphthalene)— US.P. 1,441,181. Dextrine—U.8.P. 830,493; 1,124,012. Eng. Pat. 2256—1856; 2143—1864; 140 —1915; 149,319—1919. . Diacetanilid—U.S.P. 1,199,800. Diacetic ether—U.S.P. 1,245,476; 1,319,- 229; 1,386,576. Diacetin—U.8.P. 1,488,294; 1,608,743. Diacetochlorhydrin— U.S.P. 1,244,107; 1,244,108; 1,244,347; 1,244,348; 1, 244,349. Diacetone adonite—U.S.P. 996,191. Diacetone alcohol—U.S.P. 1,003,438; 1,320,458; 1,345,354; 1,434,634; 1,440- 178; 1,488,294; 1,529,056; 1,591,652; 1,644,417; 1,644,420; 1,651,578. | Eng. Pat. 11,728—1911; 179,234—1921 ; 238 ,485—1925. Can. Pat. 260,927; 260,463. Fr. Pat. 429,754; 432,264; 596,838. D.R.P. 246,967. Diacetone arbite—U.S.P. 996,191. Diacetone erythrite—U.S.P. 996,191. Diacetylacetibenzylidene ether—Fr. Pat. 363,090. Diacetylaniline—D.R.P. 391,873. . Dialkylsulfonamides—Eng. Pat. 154,334 —1919. Diamyl carbonate—U.S.P. 610,728. Diamyl diglycollate—D.R.P. 434,640. Diamyl ketone—U.S.P. 1,469,812. Diamyl oxalate—U.8.P. 1,309,980. Diamyl phthalate—U.S.P. 1,608,743; 1,639,080. Eng. Pat. 252,328. Diamyl tartrate—U.S.P. 1,626,113. | Diatomaceous earth—Eng. Pat. 266,363. Di-isoamylsulfone — U.S.P. 1,357,614; 1,370,878; 1,370,879. Dibenzenesulfo-imid—U.S.P. 758,335. Dibenzyl amine—U.S.P. 1,467,092. Dibenzyl-benzenesulfamid—U.8.P. 758,- 335. Dibenzyl - p - chlorbenzene - sulfanilid —US.P. 758,335. Dibenzylidene acetone—U.S.P. 598,649. Dibenzylsulfo - 2.7 - dioxynaphthalin — US.P. 758,335. Dibenzyl-p-toluene 758,335. Dibenzyl-p-toluene-sulfanilid — USP. 758,335. Dibutyl carbonate—U.S.P. 610,728. sulfamid — U.S.P. 308 Dibutyl oxalate—US.P. 1,309,980. Dibutyl phthalate—US.P. 1,562,386; 1,591,652; 1,620,977; 1,639,080; 1,651,- 578. Eng. Pat. 243,614; 245,469. Can. Pat. 271,948. Di-isobutyl phthalate—Eng. Pat. 247,611. Dibutyl sulfone—U.S.P. 1,309,980; 1,309,- 981; 1,857,614; 1,370,878; 1,370,879. Di-isobutyl, sulfone—U.S.P. 1,357,614; 1,370,878; 1,370,879. Dibutyl tartrate—US.P. 1,608,748; 1,620,977; 1,626,113; 1,641,529. Eng. Pat. 254,041; 256,214. Can. Pat. 270,537. Dichloracetin—U.S.P. 598,648. Dichlorbenzene—U.8.P. 1,105,619. Eng. Pat. 20,975—1911. Fr. Pat. 482,264. D.R.P. 128,956. Dichlorbenzylethers of glycol—D.R.P. 353,234, Dichlordiphenyl thiophosphate—Eng. Pat. 4883—1902. BB’Dichlorethyl ether—U.S.P. 1,620,977. Dichlorethane—U.S.P. 1,181,859; 1,439,- 293. Fr. Pat. 483,316; 553,547. Dichlorethylene—U.S.P. 988,965; 1,105,- 619; 1,181,858; 1,199,800; 1,244,107; 1,244,108; 1,244,347; 1,244,348: 1, 244 349. Eng. Pat. 4364—1910; 16,932—1910; 20,976—1911; 17,953—1913; 202,154— 1922. Fr. Pat. 418,309. Swiss P. 52,273; 66,509. Dichlorhydrin—U.S.P. 598,648; 942,395; 1,015,155; 1,015,156; 1,165,179; 1,217,- 027; 1,819,229; 1,386,576; 1,420,028; 1,607,516. Eng. Pat. 26,201—1905; 11,928—1907; 24,006—1909; 202,154—1922; 237,900 —1925. Fr. Pat. 379,589; 417,250; 422,763; 597,- 132. D.R.P. 173,796; 242,786; 222,777. Aust. P. 25,570; 47,899. Swiss P. 51,952. Dichlormethane—U S.P. 384,188. Dichlorphenol—D.R.P. 142,832. Dichlorpropane—U.S.P. 1,429,169. Dicresyl carbonate—D.R.P. 139,589. 1,094,830; 1,- A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER Dicresylglyceryl ethers—Eng. Pat. 13,- 239—1912. Fr. Pat. 443,031; 597,132. Dicresyline—US.P. 1,431,845. Dicyamimide—Fr. Pat. 470,092. Dicyandiamine—U'S.P. 1,641,411; 1,641,- 412. Dicyanodiamide—US.P. 1,358,653. Dicyclo-hexyl oxalate—U.S.P. 1,600,700. Dicyclo-hexyl succinate—U.S.P. 1,600,- 700. Diethyl carbanilide—U.S.P. 1,460,097. Diethyl carbonate—U.S.P. 610,728; 1,- 618,481. Eng. Pat. 250,894. Can. Pat. 260,927. Diethyl cyclobutanone—U.S.P. 1,440,006. Diethyl dimonosilicate—Eng. Pat. 10,320 —1910. Fr, Pat. 402,569. Diethyldiphenyl urea—Aust. P. 27,060. Diethyl-di-o-tolylurea—Eng. Pat. 17,501 —1914. Diethyl ester of cinnamic acid—Eng. Pat. 126,989—1916. Diethyl ester of resorcin dicarboxylic acid—Eng. Pat. 115,855—1917. Diethyl ketone—U.S.P. 1,469,812. Diethyl monosilicate—Eng. P. 10,320— 1910. Fr, Pat. 402,569. Diethyl phthalate—US.P. 1,449,156; 1,- 449,157; 1,529,056; 1,562,386; 1,562,- 544; 1,590,156; 1,607,090; 1,653,010. Eng. Pat. 243,614; 256,229. Diethyl resorcinol-dicarbonate—D.R-P. 322,619. Diethyl sulfone—U.S.P. 1,357,614; 1,370,- 878; 1,370,879. Diethyl tartrate—D.R.P. 304,224. Diheptyl sulfone—U.S.P. 1,357,614; 1,- 370,878; 1,370,879. Dihydrobenzoin—Fr. Pat. 432,264. Dihydroxydinaphthylketone—Eng. Pat. 20,723—1900. Dihydroxydiphenyldimethyl-methane — Eng. Pat. 18,822—1912; 18,499—1913. Fr, Pat, 447,645. Dihydroxy diphenyl sulfone—Eng. Pat. 15,855—1909. Fr. Pat. 404,886. Diluent for pyroxylin solvents—US.P. 494,792; 555,596; 718,670; 1,021,569. Eng. Pat. 6798—1912; 24,033—1914. Fr. Pat. 429,788; 432,264. { . . INDEX OF MATERIALS NAMED IN PATENTS CITED 309 p-Dimethyl amino US.P. 1,460,097. Dimethyl aniline—U.S.P. 830,493; 1,- 467,094. D.R.P. 314,317. Dimethyl carbonate—US.P. 610,728. phenyl acetate— Dimethyl cyclobutanone—US.P. _ 1,- 440,006. Dimethyl cyclohexanone—Eng. Pat. 128,215—1919. Fr. Pat. 432,264. Dimethyl ether—Eng. Pat. 182,820—1921. Dimethylhydrochinon—U.8.P. 607,554. Dimethyl phenyl tolyl urea—Fr. Pat. 505,087. Dimethyl phthalate—U.S.P. 1,449,156; 1,449,157. Eng. Pat. 5633—1914. Dimethyl sulfone—U.S.P._ 1,357,614; 1,370,878; 1,370,879. 0, o -Dimethylol-p-cresols, alkyl, aralkyl, aryl, oxalkyl ethers of—D.R.P. 395,704. Dinaphthyl carbonate—D.R.P. 139,589. Dinaphthyl ketone—Eng. Pat. 20,723— 1900. D.R.P. 122,166. Dinaphthyl methane—D.R.P. 140,480. Dinaphthyl phosphoric acid amyl ester —D.RP. 142,971. Dinaphthyl phosphoric D.R.P. 144,648. Dinitroacetin—U.S.P. 598,648. Dinitrobenzene—U.S.P. 269,342; 115. Eng. Pat. 20,234—1893. D.R.P. 56,946; 93,228. Dinitrocellulose—U.S.P. 951,582. Dinitrophenol—D.R.P. 56,946. Di-nitro-toluol—U.8.P. 542,692; 543,108. Dinitrotrinaphthyl phosphate —US.P. 733,110. Dinitrotrinaphthyl thiophosphate—Eng. Pat. 4883—1902. Di-nitro-xylol—U.S.P. 553,270. 1:4 Dioxane—Eng. Pat. 275,653. Dioxydinaphthyl ketone—D.R.P. 122,166. Dioxy-diphenyl dimethyl methane— US.P. 1,158,960; 1,158,961; 1,188,356. Aust. Pat. 63,966. Dioxydiphenyl sulfone—D.R.P. 219,918. Diphenylamine—U.8.P. 1,067,785; 1,199,- 798; 1,199,800; 1,245,476; 1,319,229; 1,886,576; 1,388,472; 1,431,845; 1,494,- 475. acid anilid— 1,303,- Diphenyl carbinol—U.S.P. 1,181,860. Eng. Pat. 128,215—1919. Fr. Pat. 432,264. Diphenyl carbonate—U'S.P. 700,884. D.R.P. 139,589. Diphenyl ether—U.S.P. 1,090,643; 1,181,- 859; 1,479,955. | Fr, Pat. 459,539. Swiss P. 65,459. Diphenyl ethylene 1,460,097. Diphenylethyl phosphate—Fr, Pat. 606,- 969. diamine—U.S.P. Diphenylmethyl phosphate—Fr. Pat. 606,969. Diphenyl glyceryl ether—Eng. Pat. 13,239—1912. Fr, Pat. 443,031. Diphenyl glyceryl ethers, chlorinated— Eng. Pat. 13,239—1912. Fr. Pat. 443,031. Diphenyl methane—U'S.P. 1,467,095. Diphenyl phosphate—Eng. Pat. 12,804— 1913. Diphenyl phosphoric D.R.P. 144,648. Diphenyl phosphoric acid ethyl dimethyl ester—D.R.P. 142,971. Diphenyl ortho phthalate—U.S.P. 1,398,- 939. Diphenyl sulfone—U.S.P. 1,357,614; 1,- 370,879; 572,135. See also sulfo- benzid. Diphenyl thiocarbamide—U.S.P. 572,135. See also sulfocarbanilid. Diphenyl urea—U.S.P. 1,302,202. Aust. P. 27,060. Diphenyl urethane—U.S.P. 1,280,278. Eng. Pat. 131,389—1918. Fr, Pat. 470,042. Dip lacquer—U'S.P. 1,166,790; 1,419,258. Eng. Pat. 15,327—1894. D.R.P. 192,666; 195,312. Aust. P. 64,393. Swiss P. 64,710. Dipropyl carbonate—U.S.P. 610,728. Dipropyl ketone—U.S.P. 1,469,812. n-Dipropyl sulfone—U.S.P. 1,357,614; 1,- 370,878; 1,370,879. Di-tsopropyl, sulfone—U.S.P. 1,357,614; 1,370,878; 1,370,879. Di-zsopropyl ketone—U.S.P. 1,469,812. Disinfectants—Eng. Pat. 12693—1896. Disulphoxide—D.R.P. 399,074. acid anilide— 310 Di-o-toluenesulfo-2.7-dioxynaphthalin — US.P. 758,335. Ditolyl ketone—Fr. Pat. 432,264. m-Dixylylethane—U.S.P. 1,563,205. Dixylylethers of glycol—D.R.P. 353,234. Door handles, lacquers for—Eng. Pat. 18,268—1914. Dopes, for aeroplanes—U.S.P. 1,298,199; 1,301,955; 1,315,216; 1,320,290; 1,400,- 430; 1,426,521; 1,429,295; 1,440,178; 1,469,839; 1,552,808; 1,590,782. Eng. Pat. 6798—1911; 12,804—1913; 124,515—1916; 124,763—1916; 124,807 —1916; 124,844—1916; 126,989— 1916; 128,274—1916; 128,659—1917; 128,974—1917; 123,752—1918; 130,- 402—1918; 130,962—1918; 131,273— 1918; 131,369—1918; 131,641—1918; 132,283—1918; 133,353—1919; 161, 564—1921; 131,384—1918. Fr. Pat. 495,000. D.R.P. 260,915. Can. Pat. 198,265; 200,433. Jap. P. 42,553. Dress-shields, coating—U.S.P. 874,879. Driers—Eng. Pat. 263,175. Driving belts, coating of—Eng. Pat. 156,096—1920. Drop black (coloring matter)—US.P. 1,324,154. Dry cell, use of lacquer in production of —U.S.P. 1,515,945. Dyes—U.S.P. 105,338; 190,865; 265,337; 774,714; 861,485; 1,188,655; 1,188,776; 1,275,063; 1,332,349; 1,360,759; 1,402,- 969; 1,528,291; 1,589,700; 1,591,652; 1,652,353. Eng. Pat. 1057—1863; 1865—1879; 7784 —1893; 13,198—1896; 9962—1904; 127,027—1917; 127,615—1917; 127,678 —1917; 149,319—1919; 275,653; 275,- 969. Can. Pat. 110,622. Fr. Pat. 132,495. D.R.P. 212,696; 220,322; 256,922; 267,- 992; 276,013; 281,374. Aust. P. 56,488. Swiss Pat. 115,116. Eggs, coating for—Eng. Pat. 2145—1911. Elasticity, increasing—Eng. Pat. 7743— 1909. Elemi gum—US8.P. 951,582; 1,623,035. Eng. Pat. 254,041; 256,229. 1,594,521 ; A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER Fr. Pat. 477,294. Emulsions of colloids, preparation of, Eng. Pat. 206,520. English red—Eng. Pat. 156,096—1920. Epichlorhydrin—U.S.P. 942,395; 1,015,- 156; 1,027,614; 1,027,615; 1,027,616; 1,217,027; 1,226,340; 1,226,343; 1,244,- 107; 1,244,108; 1,244,347; 1,244,348; 1,244,349; 1,473,218; 1,563,205. Eng. Pat. 26,201—1905. Fr. Pat. 412,797. D.R.P. 84,146. Aust. P. 47,899. Swiss P. 51,952; 52,115. Erythritediformal—U SP. 996,191. Essence of Orient—Eng. Pat. 257,626; 261,589. | Essences—Eng. Pat. 7688—1892. Esters—U.S.P. 1,021,569; 1,316,311. Eng. Pat. 1378—1912; 129,033—1917. Can. Pat. 230,046; 261,371. ~ Fr. Pat. 408,370; 601,547. Japanese P. 34,855. Ester gum—U.S.P. 1,589,608; 1,618,483; 1,620,977; 1,623,035; 1,651,578. Can. Pat. 260,927. Esters, compound—Eng. Pat. 15,536— 1907. Esters, mixed—U.S.P. 518,386; 518,387; 559,824. Ester obtained by hydrogenation of ketone oils containing alcohol— D.R.P. 406,924. Etching, lacquer used in—Eng. Pat. 28 ,415—1908. Ethane chloride—Fr. Pat. 461,034. Ethane, chlorinated derivatives of—Fr. Pat. 432,047; 432,264. Ethers—Eng. Pat. 7688—1892; 13,100— 1910; 13878—1912; 134,228—1919; 190,694—1922. Fr. Pat. 408,370; 464,617. Ether, ethyl—U.S.P. 35,687; 91,393; 149,- 216; 150,722; 158,188; 265.337; 286,212; 304,229; 381,354; 471,422; 478,543; 502,921; 595,355; 596,662; 598,649; 628,463; 783,828; 874,879; 894,108; 953,621; 979,431; 1,027,614; 1,027,615; 1,027,616; 1,089,960; 1,124,- 012; 1,131,929; 1,191,801; 1,195,040; 1,217,027; 1,251,710; 1,256,240; 1,330,- 421; 1,332,349; 1,352,741; 1,392,040; 1,393,290; 1,430,020; 1,496,198; 1,505,- 820; 1,556,512; 1,596,965; 1,626,113; 1,633,683 ; 1,652,353. INDEX OF MATERIALS NAMED IN PATENTS CITED 311 Eng. Pat. 2359—1855; 639—1858; 2417 —1860; 1057—1863; 1866—1879; 466—1883; 5974—1883; 5433—1884; 16,330—1887; 8823—1891; 13,139— 1894; 2568—1896; 12,693—1896; 25,- 779—1896; 27,534—1897; 20,092— 1899; 20,874—1900; 5280—1904; 9962 —1904; 17,232—1904; 28,376—1904; 11,397—1907; 18,416—1907; 24,214— 1907; 18607—1910; 21,081—1912; 7086—1913; 26,079—1913; 140—1915; 105,137—1916; 131,273—1918; 184,495 —1921 ; 205,828—1923 ; 233,874—1925 ; 256,214; 268,901. Fr. Pat. 132,495; 184,548; 340,622; 347,303; 363,592; 381,195; 392,505; 422,819; 451,711; 428,012: 433,013; 469,925; 470,092; 580,883. D.R.P. 10,210; 27,031; 185,808; 211,- 520; 220,322; 331,285; 343,162; 302,- 460. Aust. P. 7052; 34,908; 17,684. Jap. Pat. 42,553. Ether, mixed—U.S.P. 494,793; 559,824; 718,670; 741,554. Ethereal oils, halogen derivatives of— Fr. Pat. 322,506. Etheric oils—D.R.P. 188,822; 202,720. Ethoxy acetophenone—HIr. Pat. 432,264. Ethoxy benzyl alcohol—US.P. 1,181,860. Ethoxyphenone—Eng. Pat. 128,215—1919. Ethyl acetanilid—US.P. 551,456; 1,041,- 113; 1,229,485; 1,188,798; 1,229,486; 1,229,487; 1,244,107; 1,244,108; 1,244,- 347; 1,244,348; 1,244,349; 1,280,279; 1,468,222; 1,552,794. Eng. Pat. 154,157—1919; 277,626. Fr. Pat. 470,042. D.R.P. 343,182. Swiss P. 52,115. Ethyl-acet-G-naphthalid—US.P. 1,090,- 642. Fr. Pat. 459,542. Swiss P. 65,139. Ethyl acetate—US.P. 269,343; 315,357; 552,934; 552,935; 587,096; 888,516; 928,235; 1,021,569; 1,027,614; 1,027,- 615; 1,027,617; 1,027,618; 1,050,065; 1,067,785; 1,118,498; 1,135,026; 1,143,- 979; 1,195,431; 1,199,798; 1,203,756; 1,217,027; 1,234,921; 1,244,107; 1,244, 108; 1,244,347; 1,244,348; 1,244,349; 1,245,476 1,266,073; 1,301,187; 1,303,- 563; 1,310,841; 1,319,229; 1,320,458; 329,854 ; 368,004 ; 431,090; 445.638; 1,821,611; 1,821,633; 1,821,634; 1,324,- 154% 1,841,710; 1,353,385; 1,857,876; 1,365,049; 1,886,576; 1,394,890; 1,397,- 173; 1,397,493; 1,398,239; 1,400,196; 1,406,224; 1,408,095; 1,408,423; 1,410,- 790; 1,412,770; 1,425,173; 1,429,153; 1,431,906; 1,432,365; 1,434,465; 1,434,- 634; 1,437,170; 1,449,156; 1,449,157; 1,451,313; 1,464,169; 1,464,170; 1,467,- 071; 1,467,092; 1,467,093; 1,467,094; 1,467,095; 1,467,096; 1,467,097; 1,467,- 098; 1,467,099; 1,467,100; 1,467,101; 1,467,102; 1,467,103; 1,467,104; 1,467,- 105; 1,488,294; 1,500,366; 1,501,206; 1,508,483; 1,508,484; 1,529,056; 1,530,- 987; 1,533,616; 1,538,859; 1,538,860; 1,538,862; 1,562,353; 1,562,386; 1,563,- 010; 1,563,205; 1,564,664; 1,583,703; 1,589,608; 1,594,521; 1,594,525; 1,596,- 965; 1,608,742; 1,612,669; 1,618,481; 1,618,482; 1,618,484; 1,623,035; 1,630,- 752; 1,633,683; 1,641,529; 1,651,578. Eng. Pat. 12,684—1890; 7277—1893; 21,455—1893; 17,602—1897; 11,512— 1905; 10,794—1910; 14,586—1910; 714—1914; 14,042—1914; 24033— 1914; 127,027—1917; 122,679—1918; 122,456—1918; 123,752—1918; 131,647 —1918; 132,996—1918; 133,972— 1919; 164,0832—1919; 164,033—1919; 145,510—1920; 161,564—1921; 182,820 —1921; 184,197—1921; 184,495— 1921; 209,727; 244,543; 243,350; 250,- 894; 258,698; 261,589; 263,175. Fr. Pat. 398,084; 397,429; 349,970; 415,945; 432,264; 441,146; 472,423; 488,994; 521,370; 530,440; 600,178. Can. Pat. 179,699; 196,151; 196,925; 196,926; 201,913; 260,927; 262,784. DIRE: 20,0615> 68356 >> 161,213 : ° 185, 808; 189,703; 210,519; 302,460; 307,- 075; 331,285. Jap. Pat. 32,242. Ethyl acetic ether—Fr. Pat. 445,638. Ethyl acetone—Eng. Pat. 187,847—1921. Ethyl aceto acetate—U.S.P. 1,437,952; 1,449,156; 1,449,157. Fr. Pat. 432,264; 479,387. D.RP. 379,343. Ethyl aceto tetrachloranilid—D.R.P. 180,280. Ethyl acetyl-f-naphthalid— Fr. Pat. 470,042. Ethyl acetylricinoleates—U.S.P. 1,357,- 876. 312 Ethyl acetyl salicylate—U.S.P. 1,408,095. Ethyl amyl ether—U.S.P. 507,749; 718,- 670. Ethyl isoamyl oxide—U.S.P. 741,554. Ethyl isoamyl surfone—U.S8.P. 1,357,614; 1,370,878; 1,370,879. Ethyl benzene—U.S.P. 1,467,093. Ethyl benzoate—US.P. 1,199,800; 1,217,- 027; 1,388,472; 1,469,862; 1,620,977. Eng. Pat. 15,914—1894. D.R.P. 276,013. Ethyl benzoyl-o-toluidine—Fr. 408,370. Eng. Pat. 13,100—1910. S-ethyl benzoyl trichlor anilid—Eng. Pat. 8077—1906. Fr. Pat. 365,297. D.R.P. 180,203; 180,204. Ethyl benzyl aniline—U.S.P. 1,467,096. Ethyl butyl ketone—U.S.P. 470,451; 595,- 355. Ethyl isobutyl oxide—US.P. 741,554. Ethyl butyrate—US.P. 1,309,980; 1,309,- 981; 1,370,878; 1,370,879; 1,398,239; 1,398,946; 1,405,448; 1,429,174; 1,432,- 365. Eng. Pat. 15,386—1913. Fr. Pat. 428,664. D.R.P. 192,666. Ethyl carbamate—U.S.P. 568,106. Ethyl carbanilate—U.S.P. 568,104. Pat. Ethyl carbonate—US.P. 1,529,056; 1,- 552,805. Ethyl chloracetate—US.P. 1,244,107; 1,244,108; 1,244,347; 1,244,348; 1, 244,349. Ethyl chloride—U.S.P. 628,463; 1,181,- 860; 1,199,799. Eng. Pat. 25,779—1896; 10,222—1912; 190,694—1922. Fr. Pat. 483,316. D.R.P. 307,075. Ethyl chlorohydrin—D.R.P. 288,267. Ethyl cinnimate—U.S.P. 1,199,800; 1,- 388,472. Ethyl citrate—US.P. 1,217,027. Eng. Pat. 15,914—1894. Ethyl crotonate—D.R.P. 367,294. Ethyl disilicate—Fr. Pat. 325,336. ° Ethyl ester of acetyl hydroxyacetic acid D.R.P. 324,786. Ethyl ester of phenylene sulfonic acetic acid—D.R.P. 366,116. Ethylethenyltrichloramidin—U.S.P. 892,- 899 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER Ethylethyltrichlor-o-phenylene diamine —D.R.P. 180,126. Ethyl formanilid—U.S.P. 1,280,279. Fr, Pat. 470,042. Ethyl formate—U.S.P. 561,624; 1,303,563; 1,529,056; 1,552,806. Eng. Pat. 2465—1913; 184,197—1921; 243,350. Fr. Pat. 439,721; 472,423; 487,350; 530,440. D.RP. 331,285; 302,460. Aust. P. 53,099. Ethyl glycol—U.8.P. 1,533,616. Eng. Pat. 236,190—1925. Ethyl glycollate—Fr. Pat. 482,264. D.R.P. 381,413. Ethyl hexyl ketone—U.S.P. 595,355. Ethyl hippurate—Eng. Pat. 15,914—1894. Ethyl lactate—U.S.P. 1,185,074; 1,195,- 673; 1,552,796; 1,562,544; 1,591,652; 1,618,481; 1,639,080; 1,651,578. Eng. Pat. 15,914—1894; 18,189—1910; 25,182—1913; 148,117—1920; 250,894. Can. Pat. 260,927. Fr. Pat. 418,744; 482,264; 464,617. D.R.P. 192,666; 319,723; 331,285. Swiss P, 66,510; 67,708. Ethyl laevulate—Fr. Pat. 432,264. Ethyl levulinate—U.S.P. 1,217,027. Ethyl mesitylenate—Eng. Pat. 15,914— 1894, Ethyl myristate—U.S.P. 1,094,830. Ethyl-naphthyl-ether—U.S.P. 1,090,643. Eng. Pat. 4940—1914. Fr. Pat. 459,539. Swiss P. 65,459. Ethyl beta naphthyl ether—Eng. Pat. 131,389—1918. Ethyl p-naphthyl-ether—U.S P. 1,338,691. Fr. Pat. 470,041. Ethyl nitrate—U.S.P. 1,303,115. Ethyl oleate—U.S.P. 1,199,800. Ethyl oxalate—U.S.P. 1,562,544. D.R.P. 192,666. Ethyl palmitate—U.S.P. 1,094,830. D.R.P. 192,666. Ethyl pentachlor anilid—D.R.P. 180,280. Ethyl pentachloride—Fr. Pat. 450,746. Ethyl pentyl ketone—U.S.P. 595,355. Ethylphenylmethyl - 0 - tolylurea—Eng. Pat. 17,501—1914. Ethyl phenyl urea—US.P. 1,302,202. Fr. Pat. 459,541; 470,042. Swiss P. 65,925. 1,090,641 ; INDEX OF MATERIALS NAMED IN PATENTS CITED 318 Ethyl phenyl urethane—US.P. 1,280,278. Fr. Pat. 470,042. Ethyl phthalate—U.S.P. 888,516; 1,217,- 027: 1,338,691; 1,405,491; 1,434,634; 1,488,294. Eng. Pat. 4940—1914. Fr. Pat. 470,041. D.R.P. 192,666. Ethyl propionate—US.P. 1,309,980; 1,- 309,981; 1,342,603; 1,370,878; 1,370,- 879; 1,397,173; 1,398,239; 1,432,365; 1,473,217. Ethyl propyl ketone—U'S.P. 595,355. Ethyl isopropyl oxide—U.S.P. 741,554. Ethyl salicylate—Eng. Pat. 15,914— 1894; 10,320—1910. D.R.P. 192,666. Ethyl sebacate—U.S.P. 1,199,800; 1,217,- 027; 1,388,472. D.R.P. 169,782. Aust. P. 28,298. Ethyl silicate—US.P. RI. 13,793. Ethyl starch—US.P. 1,563,204. Ethyl stearate—U.S.P. 1,094,830. Fr. Pat. 387,179. D.R.P. 192,666. Ethyl succinate—U.S.P. 1,217,027; 1,- 449,156; 1,449,157; 1,473,219. Eng. Pat. 15,914—1894. Ethyl tartrate—U.S.P. 1,217,027. Eng. Pat. 15,914—1894. D.R.P. 192,666. Ethyl toluenesulfonate—HEng. Pat. 1441 —1910. Fr. Pat. 412,797. Ethyl p-toluol-sulfonamid—US.P. 1,- 041,113. Can. Pat. 264,990. Ethyl ortho-tolyl urethane—U.S.P. 1,- 280,278. Fr, Pat. 470,042. Ethyleneacetochlorhydrin—U.S.P. 1,027,- 615; 1,027,618. Ethylene bromide—U.S.P. 1,467,100. Ethylene butylidene ether—D.R.P. 419,- 223. 15,914—1894; 592—1907; Ethylene chlorbromide—U.S.P. 1,339,- 552: 1,432,373. Ethylenechlorhydrin—USP. 1,027,614; 1,027,617; 1,408,423; 1,444,406. D.R.P. 383,699; 406,426; 439,009. Ethylene chloride—U.S.P. 1,027,616; 1,181,859; 1,199,800; 1,244,107; 1,244,- 108; 1,244,347; 1,244,348: 1,244,349: 1,265,217; 1,397,986; 1,429,188; 1,464,- 170. Fr. Pat. 461,034. Ethylene, chlorinated derivatives of—Fr. Pat. 432,047; 432,264. Aust. Pat. 69,916. Ethylene dibromide—U.S.P. 1,339,552. Ethylene dichloride—Fr. Pat. 421,843; 596,838. US.P. 1,644,417; 1,644,420. Can. Pat. 260,463. Eng. Pat. 238,485—1925. Ethylene ethylidene ether—D.R.P.419,- 223. Ethylene glycol, alkyl ether of—Eng. Pat. 238,485—1925; 250,894. U.S.P. 1,618,481; 1,644,417. Fr. Pat. 596,838. Can. Pat. 260,463. Ethylene glycol, amyl _ ethers US.P. 1,618,481; 1,618,484. Eng. Pat. 250,894. Ethylene glycol, butyl ethers US.P. 1,618,481; 1,618,483. Eng. Pat. 245,129; 250,894; 256,229. Fr. Pat. 596,838. Ethylene glycol, condensation products of aldehydes with—D.R.P. 369,445; 369,446. Ethylene glycol diacetate—U.S.P. 1,- 522,852. Ethylene glycol, diisobutyl ether of— Eng. Pat. 238,485—1925. Ethylene glycol, mono- and dialkyl ethers—Eng. Pat. 238,485—1925. Fr. Pat. 596,838. Ethylene glycol, mono and diethyl ether —Eng. Pat. 238,485—1925; 245,129; 250,894; 256,229. Fr. Pat. 596,838; 600,178. Can. Pat. 260,463; 262,784. US.P. 1,618,481; 1,644,417; 1,644,420. Ethylene glycol, mono and dimethyl ethers— Eng. Pat. 238,485 — 1925; 250,894; 256,229. Fr. Pat.—596,838. US.P. 1,618,481; 1,644,419. Ethylene glycol, mono- and dipropyl ether—Eng. Pat. 238,485—1925; 245,- 129; 250,894; 256,229. Fr. Pat. 596,838. US.P. 1,618,481; 1,618,482. Ethylene monoacetate—Can. Pat. 271,- 382. Ethylene thiohydrin—D.R.P. 366,115. of— of— 314 Ethylene thiohydrin, condensation prod- ucts of aldehydes with—D.R.P. 369,446; 369,445. Ethylene trichloride—U.S.P. 1,467,105. Ethylidene acetate—Eng. Pat. 131,669— 1918. D.R.P. 281,373. Ethylidene acetone—U.SP. 1,363,763. Ethylidene chloride—U.S.P. 1,181,859; 1,181,860. Fr. Pat. 483,316. Ethylidene chlorohydrin—D.R.P. 288,- 267. Ethylidene diacetate—U.S.P. 1,488,608. Fr. Pat. 432,264. D.R.P. 174,259; 281,373. Ethylidene diphenol—D.R.P. 367,560. Ethylidene diphenol, alkyl ethers of— D.R.P. 369,536. . _Ethylidene esters—Eng. Pat. 1913. Ethylidene 1913. D.R.P. 288,267. Ethylidene glycol ether—US.P. 996,191. Ethylidenepropylene ether—U.S.P. 996,- 191. Ethylidene urethane—U.S.P. 568,106. Eugenol—U.S.P. 1,199,800; 1,388,472; 1,394,890; 1,426,521; 1,521,055; 1,521,- 056. Eng. Pat. 124,763—1916; 1918; 158,521—1918. Fr. Pat. 495,000; 499,993. Iso-eugenol—U.S.P. 1,199,800; 1,388,472; 1,426,521; 1,521,055; 1,521,056. Eng: Pat. 124,768—1916; 131,369— 1918; 158,521—1918. Fr. Pat. 495,000; 499,993. Evaporation retarder—US.P. 893,987; 1,095,999; 1,366,256. Explosives—U.8S.P. 951,445; 974,900; 1,- 090,641; 1,090,642; 1,090,643; 1,090,- 644; 1,280,278; 1,280,279; 1,302,202; 1,303,115; 1,306,440; 1,310,489; 1,338,- 691; 1,348,741. Eng. Pat. 131,389—1918. D.R.P. 93,228. Explosives, coatings for—U.S.P. 315,357. Eng. Pat. 28,376—1904. 14,246— ethers—Eng. Pat. 14,246— Fabrics, coating of—U.S.P. 602,797; 603,- O01; 612,066; 612,067*~ > 612,566. 615,319; 622,727; 694,946; 834,913; 861,485; 888,516; 904,269; 942,395; 131,369— A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 1,131,929; 1,133,062; 1,141,224; 1,242,- 491; 1,247,610; 1,256,240; 1,301,955; 1,315,216; 1,316,783; 1,324,154; 1,393,- 355; 1,453,764; 1,533,598; 1,538,858 ; 1,552,808. Eng. Pat—785—1855; 2359—1855; 2849—1858; 2417—1860; 1695—1867; 1208—1871; 5348—1902; 18,742— 1904; 592—1907; 1799—1909; 23,547 —1909; 870—1910; 1799—1910; 6798 —1910; 18,076—1910; 18,607—1910; 6798—1911; 10,708—1911; 7418— 1913; 23,957—1913; 4668—1914; 5633 —1914; 7899—1914; 13,100—1914; 106,336—1916; 128,974—1917; 135,180 —1918; 181,3884—1918; 131,641— 1918; 1386,4833—1919; 142,615—1919; 144,012—1919; 145,546—1920; 156,096 —1920. Can. Pat: 200,433. Fr. Pat. 351,844; 379,979; 392,505; 409,- 196; 412,797; 422,819; 429166; 431,- 090; 433,012; 427,562; 446,627; 455,811. D.R.P. 169,782 175,664; 212696; 238 361; 241,781; 241,820; 347,014. Aust. Pat. 28,298. Fabrics, impregnating—Eng. Pat. 243,- 614. D.R.P. 433,653; Fats—US.P. 91,377; 97,454; 953,621; 1,131,929; 1,217,027; 1,563,205. Eng. Pat. 3984—1868; 3102—1869; 22,662—1901; 11,340—1909; 15,945— 1911; 8370—1914; 127,027—1917; 148,117—1920. Fr. Pat. 339,654; 429,879. D.R.P. 40,373; 211,520; 220.322. d04.2 224. Fatty acids—U.S.P. 1,316,311; 1,594,525. Eng. Pat. 7418—1913; 246,447; 275,747. Fr, Pat. 455,811. D.R.P. 273,498. Fatty acids, ethers of—Fr. Pat. 387,179. Fatty acid, halogenized—U.S.P. 855,556. Fatty compounds—Fr. Pat. 429,879; 581,- 190. Eng. Pat. 275,747. U.S.P. 1,594,525. Fenchone—US.P. 979,431; 1,653,008. Ferric chloride—U.S.P. 1,364,342. Fr, Pat. 317,884. Ferric oxide—U.S.P. 1,431,455. Ferric phosphate—Eng. Pat. 5891—1907. INDEX OF MATERIALS NAMED IN PATENTS CITED 315 Fiber, impregnating with pyroxylin sol- vents—Eng. Pat. 11,928—1907. Fibrous surfaces, coating—U.S.P. 615,- 446; 1,355,586. Fr. Pat. 611,899. Filler—U.S.P. 974,285; 1,181,860; 1,185,- 074; 1,242,783; 1,352,741; 1,392,040; 1,431,455; 1,454,959; 1,454,960; 1,454, 961; 1,464,949; 1,594,521; 1,652,353. Eng. Pat. 26,657—1909; 23,728—1912; 149,319—1919; 156,095—1919; 164,384 —1919; 164,885—1919; 164,386— 1919; 147,904—1920;. 148,117—1920; 155,778—1920; 156,096—1920; 174,660 —1920; 179,208—1920; 202,154 1922; 205,195—1922; 205,446—1923 ; 264,045; 266,363. D.R.P. 151,918; 256,922; 279,638. Films—U.S.P. 1,518,396; 1,572,232; 1,575,- 778; 1,580,189. Eng. Pat. 11,625—1909; 114,304—1917; 115,855—1917; 138,379—1918; 164,- 032—1919; 161,564—1921; 177,268— 1921. Can. Pat. 175,107; 234,321. Fr. Pat. 402,072; 402,083; 452,432; 459,972; 461,544; 475,351; 482,239. D.RP. 277,529. Aust. P. 42,440, 46,991; 53,109. Swiss P. 52,488; 61,929. Finger nail lacquer—Eng. Pat. 203,449; 257,626; 276,834. Finish—U.S.P. 1,021,569. Fireproof composition—US.P. RI. 11,997; 729,990; 738,533; 794,581; 803,952; 893,634; 962,877; 1,133,385; 1,181,858; 1,181,860; 1,193,178; 1,199,- 395; 1,199,798; 1,245,476; 1,298,199; 1,310,841; 1,315,216; 1,819,229; 1,323,- 792; 1,825,931; 1,329,386; 1,349,156; 1,354,401; 1,354,725; 1,354,726; 1,364,- 342; 1,386,576; 1,388,825; 1,420,028; 1,440,178; 1,458,505; 1,512,751; 1,534,- 651; 1,586,052; 1,538,859; 1,554,505. Eng. Pat. 21,485—1892; 6389—1896; 8301—1901; 9277—1904; 5891—1907 ; 9982—1908; 11,397—1907; 6608— 1910; 8647—1910; 10,320—1911; 20,- 975—1911; 7899—1914; 118,891— 1917; 138,379—1918; 138,641—1919; 233,874—1925. Can. P. 147,578; 200,433; 229,843. Fr. Pat. 322,457; 328,054; 347,303; 349,292; 364,690; 368,004; 372,018; 377,039; 387,537; 392,270; 401,228; 402,569; 413,658; 436,900; 450,746; 580,883. D.R.P. 206,471; 214,398; 216,307; 303,- 018; 383,699. Aust. P. 53,109. Fire-extinguishing gas, evolution of— Fr. Pat. 317,884; 349,292. Fish glue—U.S.P. 803,952. Eng. Pat. 4195—1874. Fr. Pat. 424,820. Fish line, waterproofing—U.8.P. 1,165,- 179. Fish scales—Eng. Pat. 3450—1906. D.R.Pi 215,672. Fish scale lustre—Eng. Pat. 1695—1867; 6893—1914. Floor coverings—US.P. 1,562,383; 1,562,- 385; 1,562,386; 1,562,387. Eng. Pat. 156,095—1919; 1920. Floor putty for use under lacquer— US.P. 1,582,705. 427,804; 452,432 ; 432,264 ; 461,034; 156 ,096— Flow in lacquers—U.S.P. 1,341,710; 1,437,170. Flowers, artificial, manufacture of— USP. 102,798. Flowers, preservation of natural—U.S.P. 417,284. Fluidity, increasing—U.S8.P. 1,089,960. Eng. Pat.—7086—1913. Fluorescent dye-stuffs—Eng. Pat. 16,271 | —1911. Fr. Pat. 482,483. Fluorspar—U.S.P. 1,012,887. Formamide—Eng. Pat. 184,197—1921. Formaldehyde—U.S.P. 830,493; 893,634; 952,724: 1,105,619; 1,464,949; 1,533,- 598. Eng. Pat. 22,540—1896; 13,131—1900; 4154—1909; 200,186—1922. ; Fr. Pat. 320,133; 326,576; 328,658; 331,- 819; 400,652; 402,028; 429,166; 441,- 146. D.R.P. 237,718; 242,467; 379,348; 375,- 640. Formaldehyde, condensation products of —US.P. 952,724. Eng. Pat. 256,229. D.R.P. 188,822; 404,024. Formaldehyde-phenol, condensation product—U8.P. 1,173,337. Formanilid—U.8.P. 528,812; 1,217,027; 1,280,279. Eng. Pat. 21,831—1894. 1,090,642; 316 Fr, Pat. 459,542; 470,042. Swiss P. 65,139. Formic acid—US.P. 518,387; 518,388; 555,596; 922,340; 1,029,341 ; 1,217,027 ; 1,563,205. Eng. Pat. 6554—1909; 127,027—1917 ; 179,234—1921; 184,495—1921 ; 255,803. Fr. Pat. 472,423. D.R.P. 348,182. Formic acid ester—US.P. 830,493. Fr. Pat. 487,350. Eng. Pat. 243,030. Formic ether—U.S.P. 269,340. Formol—Fr. Pat. 377,039. Form ortho toluidid—U.S.P. 1,280,279. Eng. Pat. 192,107—1921. Fr. Pat. 470,042. Form-p-toluid—Fr. Pat. 470,042. Formylacetyl-o-toluidine—D.R.P. 873. Formyl-diphenyl amine—Eng. Pat. 12,- 863—1901. Fr. Pat. 482,264. D.RP. 182,371. Aust. P. 11,376. Fossil earth—Eng Pat. 156,096—1920. French carmine—US.P. 1,419,258. French chalk—US.P. 149,216. Furfural—U.S.P. 1,394,890; 1,529,056. Eng. Pat. 138,078—1920. Can. Pat. 260,927. Fr. Pat. 472,423; 491,490; 519,536. D.R.P. 307,075; 331,285; 302,460. Furfuryl alcohol—Fr. Pat. 512,850. Furniture polish—Swiss P. 67,591. Fusel oil—US.P. 269,343; 269,344; 340,026; 371,021; 372,100; 417,202; 422,195; 428,654; 450,264; 471,422; 478,543; 494,790; 494,791; 494,792; 494,793; 495,263; 502,546; 502,547; 504,905; 507,749; 518,386; 518,387; 518,388; 555,596; 559,823; 559,824; 587,211; 595,355; 598,649; 622,727; 797,373; 841,509; 1,173,931; 1,185,514; 1,199,799; 1,199,800; 1,233,874; 1,265,- 217; 1,292,819; 1,309,980; 1,309,981 ; 1,342,601; 1,342,602; 1,354,725; 1,354,- 726; 1,370,878; 1,370,879; 1,379,596 ; 1,380,258; 1,388,472; 1,398,239; 1,398,- 939; 1,400,196; 1,411,677; 1,411,708; 1,415,059; 1,419,258; 1,429,188; 1,431,- 900; 1,431,905; 1,437,170; 1,437,952; 1,444,331; 1,444,333; 1,458,256; 1,479,- 955; 1,512,751; 1,529,056; 1,533,616; 391,- 1,450,716; A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 1,548,932; 1,552,795; 1,552,796; 1,552,- 805; 1,562,386; 1,580,189; 1,594,521; 1,594,525; 1,599,569; 1,618,482; 1,618,- 483; 1,620,977; 1,629,999; 1,631,468; 1,641,411; 1,641,412; 1,641,413. Eng. Pat. 4668—1885; 491—1885; 5791 —1887; 17,717—1896; 15,771—1887; 487—1888; 5344—1889; 10,3893—1889 ; 9315—1890; 20690—1890; 7277— 1893; 7784—1893; 870—1910; 1799— 1910; 14,298—1910; 21,015—1913; 714 1914; 5633—1914; 236,190—1925; 263,184; 276,834. Can. Pat. 175,107; 262,784. Fr. Pat. 184,548; 233,727; 420,127; 461,- 058; 463,622; 472,423; 482,239; 600,- 178. D.R.P. 130,977; 241,781; 281,265; 375,- 274; 238,361. Aust. P. 17,684. Swiss P. 66,488. Fusel oil, ozonized—U.S.P. 507,964. Eng. Pat. 22,137—1893. Galipot—Eng. Pat. 756—1864. Gallacetophenon—U.S.P. 598,649. Gas mantels, lacquer for—D.R.P. 195,- 312; 195,313. Gasoline—U'S.P. 265,337 ; 286,212; 1,397,- 986; 1,533,616; 1,594,521; 1,618,481; 1,618,482; 1,618,483; 1,618,484; 1,644,- 418. Eng. Pat. 1865—1879; 1866—1879; 236,190—1925; 250,894; 255,406. Fr. Pat. 182,495; 600,178. Can. Pat. 260,466; 262,784. Gasproofing composition—U.S.P. 1,431,- 845. Gauze impregnating—Eng. Pat. 23,777— 1912. . Gelatin—U.S.P. 803,952; 888,516; 1,364,- 1 842, Eng. Pat. 2256—1856; 21483—1864; 4195 1874; 2484—1878; 959—1879; 33— 1883; 2694—1887; 11,927—1898; 15,- 355—1899; 9277—1904; 4154—1909; 2145—1911; 25,449—1911; 15,386— 19138; 206,520. Fr. Pat. 319,926; 320,133; 344,048; 363,- 592; 372,599; 401,228; 402,028; 410,- 973; 420,044; 424,820; 450,746. D.R.P. 40,373; 114,278. Aust, P. 57,706. Jap. Pat. 37,972. Gelatinized* masses—D.R.P. 287,745. a a INDEX OF MATERIALS NAMED IN PATENTS CITED 317 Gelatinizing agents—US.P. 1,609,303. Eng. Pat. 245,469, 246,272; 247,174; 247,611; 252,328. Fr. Pat. 581,651; 605,085. Geraniol formate—U.S.P. 1,388,472. Geranium lake—U.S.P. 1,419,258. Geranyl acetate—U.S.P. 1,388,472. Germicides—HEng. Pat. 12,839—1915; 12,840—1915. Gilding, lacquer for—Eng. Pat. 22,610— 1891; 18,383—1905. Gilt—U.S.P. 190,865. Glass, adhesive for—Fr. Pat. 477,294. Glass, coating—Eng. Pat. 5433—1884. Glass, composition for frosting—U.S.P. 445,528. Glass, lacquer for coating during mfg. of mirrors—U.S.P. 621,360. Glass, producing images on—Eng. Pat. 24,214—1907, Glass, varnish for—Eng. Pat. 1057— 1863; 4195—1874; 15,386—1913. Gloss—U.S.P. 225,802; 1,564,664. Eng. Pat. 19,456—1891; 13,198—1896; 18,076—1910. Fr. Pat. 479,387. D.R.P. 175,664; 221,081. Glossy or silky effects, producing on fabrics—U.S.P. 904,269. Eng. Pat. 2417—1860. Glucose—U.8.P. 1,415,059. Eng. Pat. 2256—1856. Fr. Pat. 372,599; 424,820. D.R.P. 140,855. Glucose diacetate—D.R.P. 140,263. Glucose dibutyrate—D.R.P. 140,263. Glucose distearate—D.R.P. 140,263. Glucose ditartaric acid—D.R.P. 140,263. Glucose esters—D.R.P. 140,263. Glucose, octa acetyl—D.R.P. 140,263. Glucose pentacetate—D.R.P. 140,263. Glucose tetratartaric acid—D.R.P. 140,- 263. Glucose triacetate—D.R.P. 140,263. Glue—U.8.P. 651,364; 888,516; 904,269; 952,724; 1,089,960; 1,431,455. Eng. Pat. 3651—1868; 4195—1874; 383 1887; 9277—1904; 21,719—1910; 27,- 969—1911; 205,446—1923. Can. Pat. 100,547. Fr. Pat. 356,444; 372,018; 447,664. D.R.P. 242,467. Jap. Pat. 37,972. Dutch Pat. 103. Glue, fish—Fr. Pat. 344,048. Glue, Russian—Eng. Pat. 15,912—1905. Gluten—D.R.P. 40,373. Glycerides—U.S.P. 1,316,311. Glycerides of cocoanut oil acids—US.P. 1,633,683. Glycerine—U.S.P. 102,798; 112,370; 417,- 284; 461,272; 587,211; 651,364; 893,- 987 ; 904,269; 928,235; 952,724; 1,011,- 181; 1,140,174; 1,188,655; 1,188,776; TeISB 77 1,217,027 220-217,123- 1 357, 447; 1,894,752; 1,415,059; 1,431,900; 1,464,949; 1,607,090. Eng. Pat. 1208—1871; 2484—1878; 959 —1879; 1866—1879; 5974—1883; 2694—1887; 17,747—1894; 17,717— 1896; 24,790—1896; 7676—1900; 12,- 277—1905; 4577—1906; 1715—1908; 4154—1909; 26,657—1909; 14,293— 1910; 13,239—1911; 16,271—1911; 25,449—1911; 27,969—1911; 1378— 1912; 23,728—1912; 12,091—1915; 190,269—1921; 275,969. Fr. Pat. 319,926; 339,081; 351,555; 354,- 942; 364,690; 377,039; 402,028; 424- 820; 432,483. D.R.P. 40,373; 277,490; 327,376; 357,- 484; 295,764. Aust. P. 61,055. , Glycerine acetate—U.S.P. 410,208; 1,015,- 1553°-1,015,156. Eng. Pat. 13,131—1900. Fr. Pat. 397,429; 440,955. Aust. P. 47,899. Swiss P. 51,952. Glycerine, acetic esters of—U.S.P. 1,303,- TG: Eng. Pat. 12,804—1913. Glycerine, benzoic esters of—Eng. Pat. 13,131—1900. Glycerine chlorhydrins, alkyl or alkyli- dene ethers of—D.R.P. 228,267. Glycerine, chlorine derivatives of di- phenyl ether of—U.S.P. 1,089,910. Glycerine derivatives—Fr. Pat. 421,010. Glycerine, dicresyl ethers of—U.S.P. 1,089,910. Glycerine, dicresyline ether of—Eng. Pat. 237 ,900—1925. Glycerine, diphenyl ether 1,089,910. Glycerine esters—U.S.P. 598,648. Eng. Pat. 16,940—1913; 263,076. Fr. Pat. 443,031; 476,991; 581,190; 581,- 651. of—US.P. 318 Glycerine esters of the camphene series —USP. 1,317,721. Glycerine esters of naphthenic acid— USP. 117,725. Glycerine esters of phthalic acid—U.S.P. 1,317,721 Glycerine ethers—Eng. 1912; 237,900—1925. Fr. Pat. 597,182. Glycerine, halogen esters of—U.S.P. 830,- 493. | Glycerine monochlorhydrineformol — US.P.—996,191. Glycerol, bibenzyl ether of—D.R.P. 353,- 234. Glycerol, tribenzyl ether of—D.R.P. 353,- 234. Glycerol chlorhydrins—D.R.P. 91,819. Glycerol, condensation products of— U.S.P.—1,303,115; 1,310,489. Glycerol, ether oxide of—Swiss P. 61,929. Glycerol, fatty acid ester of—U. SP. 1,626,113. Glycerol monobenzoate—U.8.P. 598,648. Glycerol, trethyl ether of—Kng. Pat. 256,229. Glyceryl benzoate—Eng. Pat. 124,763— 1916. Fr. Pat. 482,264. Glyceryl esters—Fr. Pat. 470,726. Glyceryl esters of aromatic carboxylic acids—Fr. Pat. 461,544. Glyceryl esters of castor oil—D.R.P. 350,973. Glyceryl esters of rape oil or marine oils—D.R.P. 350,973. Pat. 13,239— Glyceryl ethers, sulphonated—US.P. 478,955. Glyceryl, oxy-fatty ethers of—U.S.P. 491,880. Glyceryl paratoluene sulphonate—Eng. Pat. 25,484—1899. Glyceryl triacetate—See also triacetine; acetin. Glycid—U.S.P. 996,191. Glycid acetate—U.S.P. 996,191. Glycid ether—U.S.P. 996,191. Eng. Pat. 13,239—1912. Fr. Pat. 443,031. Glycocoll—Eng. Pat. 243,722. Glycol—D.R.P. 327,376. Swiss P. 76,547. Eng. Pat. 275,969. Glycol benzoate—Fr. Pat. 432,264. A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER Glycol, bibenzyl ether of—D.R.P. 353,- 234. Glycol, dixylil ethers of—D.R.P. 353,234. Glycol, esters of—Fr. Pat. 476,991. Glycol esters of fatty acids of non dry- ing oils—D.R.P. 338,475; 350,973. Glycol monoacetate—Eng,. Pat. 238,485. Fr. Pat. 596,838. Can. Pat. 260,463; 271,382. US.P. 1,644,417; 1,644,420. Glycol diacetate—Eng. Pat. 238,485. Fr. Pat. 596,838. Can. Pat. 260,463. US.P. 1,644,417, 1,644,420. Glycol mono-methyl ether, acetate of —Eng. Pat. 256,229. Glycol mono-ethyl mono-para-tolyl ether—Eng. Pat. 256,229. Glycol mono-ethyl mono-phenyl ether— Eng. Pat. 256,229. Glycollic acid, ethyl esters of—Aust. P. 78,972. Glycollic Acid, Ethers or Thioethers of Esters of—D.R.P. 434,640. Glycols, mono-alkyl ethers of—Eng. Pat. 245,129; 256,229. See also: Ethylene glycol, ethers of. Glycose diacetate—U.S.P. 830,493. Glycose dibutyrate—U.S.P. 830,493. Glycose distearate—U.S.P. 830,493. Glycose ditartrate—U.S.P. 830,493. Glycose, octacetylic—U.S.P. 830,493. Glycose pentacetate—U.S.P. 830,493. Glycose sugars, esters of—U.S.P. 830,493. Glycose tetratartrate—US.P. 830,493. Glycose triacetate—U.S.P. 830,493. Glycyl ether of an unsaturated fatty acid—U.S.P. 491,880. | Glycyl ether of unsaturated acid—Eng. Pat. 3469—1893. Gold bronze—Fr. Pat. 398,028. Gold chloride—U.S.P. 150,722. Gold leaf—U.S.P. 982,370. Gold leaf compound—Fr. Pat. 398,028. Gold metal—U.8.P. 1,652,587. Gold paints—Eng. Pat. 22610—1891; 7688—1892. : Gold powder—Eng. Pat. 7688—1892; — 7676—1900. Gold size—Eng. Pat. 127,678—1917. Golf ball lacquer—U.S.P. 1,419,258. Swiss P. 48,975. . Gramophone records—Eng. Pat. 192,107 — —1921. INDEX OF MATERIALS NAMED IN PATENTS CITED 319 Graphite—U.S.P. 692,102; 1,015,156; 1,185,074. Eng. Pat. 745—1855. Aust. P. 47,899. Swiss P. 51,952. Guanidine—D.R.P. 312,392. Guiacol—U.S.P. 600,556; 1,005,454 ; 1,357,447. Eng. Pat. 476—1910. D.R.P. 295,764 Aust. P. 50,656. Gums—U.S.P. 88,948; 209,570; 251,410; 265,337; 461,272; 495,263; 555,596; 631,295; 951,582; 952,724; 1,021,569; 1,118,498; 1,135,026; 1,321,633; 1,321,- 634; 1,323,624; 1,341,710; 1,352,741; 1,356,440; 1,400,480; 1,419,258; 1,589,- 608; 1,641,529; 1,653,010. Eng. Pat. 745—1855; 2359—1855; 1125 —1856; 2256—1856; 2849—1858; 2249—1860; 2143—1864; 2675—1864; 3651—1868; 4195—1874; 2484—1878; 959—1879; 1865—1879; 1866—1879; 5586—1887; 12,684—1890; 24,790— 1896; 27,534—1897; 28,613—1897; 3450—1906; 129,033—1917; 133,972— 1918; 158,586—1919; 164,033—1919; 202,835—1922; 184,173. Fr. Pat. 182,495; 422,819; 482,483; 445,- 638; 472,423; 495,021; 499,703. Can. Pat. 196,150; 196,925; 196,926; 260,927. D.R.P. 40,373; 180,489, 273,498. See also animi, arabic, balata, ben- zoin, copal, dammar, elemi, juniper, kauri, lac, mastic, para, sandarac, shellac, tragacanth. Gum-ammonia—Eng. Pat. 1923. Gums, solvents for—U.S.P. 518,386; 804,- 960. Fr, Pat.-472,423. Gun-cotton—U.8.P. 89,582; 91,393; 150,- 722; 313,245; 445,528; 556,017. Eng. Pat. 745—1855; 2359—1855; 2675 —1864; 2802—1873; 2694—1887; 4169 1892; 20,092—1899; 26,201—1905; 18,- 383—1906. Fr, Pat. 379,589; 381,195; 431,090. Dr 1 s02l. Aust. P. 7052. Gunpowder—U.S.P. 979,431. Gutta-percha—US.P. 91,377; 91,378; 190,865 284,970; 461,272; 1,140,174; Dyed Dore 1,217,123; 1,563,205; 205 ,446— King. Pat. 2249—1860; 3984—1868; 8513 1889; 22,528—1907; 24,006—1909. Aust. P.—61,055. Gypsum—HEng. Pat. 148,117—1920; 266,- 363. Halogen salt—U.S.P. 612,066. Halogen, sulphophenic derivatives of— Fr. Pat. 397,429. Halogen vinyl compounds, polymeriza- tion products of—Fr. Pat. 474,086. Halogenated derivatives—Fr. Pat. 408,- 370. Hardening agent for Pat. 263,076. Hardness, imparting—D.R.P. 177,778. Hats, coating—Eng. Pat. 5072—1906; 22,311—1910. Hats, use of collodion for coating— U.S.P.—92,269; 927,674. Eng. Pat. 756—1864; 26,072—1904. Headlight reflectors, lacquer for—US.P. 1,369,467. Heliotropin—Eng. Pat. 15,536—1907. celluloid—Eng. Helindon dyestuffs—Eng. Pat. 1378— 1912. Hexachlorethane — USP. 1,105,619; 1,534,651+ 1,630,752. Eng. Pat. 21,426—1911; 6798—1912. Fr. Pat. 418,347; 429,788. Hexachlornaphthalene—U S.P. 1,639,080. Hexa ethyl dimonosilicate—Eng. Pat. 10,320—1910. Fr. Pat. 402,569. Hexahydro benzyl ketone—Fr. Pat. 409,- 557. Hexahydrophenol—Can. Pat. 260,927. US.P. 1,651,578. Hexahydrophenols, 1,045,895. D.R.P. 251,351. Swiss P. 59,164. Hexamethylenetetramine—U S.P. 493; 1,094,830. Hexane, chlorinated derivatives USP. 1,148,258. Hexapentanol, esters of—Eng. Pat. 7292 1912. Fr. Pat.—440,733. Hexyl acetate—US.P. 1,552,801. Hexylene diacetate—US.P. 1,084,702. Hides, coating for tanned—Eng. Pat. 28,- 743—1908. High boiling solvents—Eng. Pat. 124,763 —1916; 124844—1916; 126,989— OL U.es esters 830,- of— 320 1916; 131,369—1918; 131,3884—1918; 154,334—1919; 160,225—1919; 147,904 1920; 222,168—1923. Can. Pat. 200,433. D.R.P. 331,285; 406,924. Hippuric acid, nitro, chloro, & glycerine ether of—Eng. Pat. 15,914—1894. Honey—Eng. Pat. 2143—1864. D.R.P.—40,373. Horn, artificial—Fr. Pat. 336,970. Hydrazine sulfate—U.S.P. 1,534,651. Hydroaromatic ketones—Fr. Pat. 409,- 557. Hydrocarbons—U.S.P. 97,454; 1,563,205. Eng. Pat. 3102—1869; 15,121—1884; 7784—1893; 11,397—1907; 29,246— 1910; 25,182—1912; 7956—1915: 164, 032—1919; 164,033—1919; 173,786— 1920; 236,190—1925; 263,184. Can. Pat. 196,150. Fr, Pat. 387,537; 412,799; 423,774; “445, 638; 464,617. D.RP. 254,385; 295,764; 381,413. Swiss P. 51,952; 64,710. 894,108 ; Hydrocarbons, benzene—U.S.P. 1,583, 703. Hydrocarbons, halogen _ substitution products of aromatic—Fr. Pat. 310,- 942. Hydrocarbon-carbon oxyacid anhydride, | pyroxylin solvent from—Can. Pat 109,502. Hydrocarbons, chlorinated—US.P. 1, 199,800; 1,620,977. Can. Pat. 175,107. Hydrocarbons, chlor-derivatives of cyclic —USP. 1,342,602; 1,580,189. Hydrocarbons, chloro & bromo deriva- tives of nitrated—Eng. Pat. 15,914— 1894. Hydrocarbons, halogenated aromatic— Erg. Pat. 8301—1901; 129,630—1918 Fr. Pat. 482,239. D.R.P. 364,347. Hydrocarbons, nitrated or amine halo- gen substitution products of—Fr Pat. 310,942. Hydrocarbons, nitro & amino halogen derivatives of—Eng. Pat. 10,213— 1901. Hydrocarbons, nitro derivatives of aro- matic—Eng. Pat. 4940—1914. Hydrocelluloses—U.S.P. 830,493. A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER Hydrocellulose, inorganic or organic acid esters of—Fr. Pat. 409,557. Hydrocellulose, nitrated—Eng. Pat. 20,- 234—1893. Hydrochloric acid—Eng. Pat. we: 1909. US.P. 1,598,949. Hydrochloric acid, use of in manufac- ture of pyroxylin solvents—US.P. 555,596; 1,173,337. Hydrogen peroxide—U.S.P. 1,469,839. Hydrogen peroxide, use of in dissolving cellulose—U.S.P. 1,379,699. Hydronaphthyl ketones—Fr. 557. Hydroquinone diacetate—U.S.P. 1,552,- 803. Hydroquinone monoacetate—US.P. 1,- 552,803. Hydroscopic materials—Eng. Pat. 128,- 659—1917; 131,093—1918. Hydroscopic solvents—U.8.P. 718,670. Eng. Pat, 22,540—1896. Hydroxy benzoic acids—U.S.P. 1,161,063. Hydroxybenzyl alcohol—US.P. 1,370,- 853. Hydroxylamine—U'S.P. 830,493. Hydroxyquinol diacetate—U.S.P. 1,552,- 803. Hydroxyquinol monoacetate—US.P. 1,- 552,803. Hypochlorite—U8.P. 1,598,972. Hypochlorite, use of in manufacture of pyroxylin solvents—U.S.P. 972,953. Can. Pat. 182,232. Fr. Pat. 421,058. Pat. 409,- Imides—Eng Pat. 13,100—1910. Fr. Pat. 408,370; Ad. to 408,370. Impermeability of textiles—Fr. 433,013. D.R.P. 224,330. Incandescent mantles, lacquer for—Eng. Pat. 15,696—1903; 15,536—1907. D.R.P. 192,666. . Indanthrene dyestuffs—Eng. Pat. 1378— 1912. Indene derivatives of tar oils—U.S.P. 1,191,801. Indene resins—Fr. Pat. 469,925. USP. 1,191,801. D.R.P. 281,265 India rubber—US.P. 91,377; 651,364; 1,431,455 Pat. 149,216; eee eee INDEX OF MATERIALS NAMED IN PATENTS CITED 321 Ting. Pat. 745—1855; 2249—1860; 3984 —1868; 20,874—1900; 17,427—1910. Inert substances—U.S.P. 1,027,486; 1,- 041,112; 1,041,115; 1,041,116; 1,041,- 117; 1,041,118; 1,590,782. Eng. Pat. 18,189—1910; 126,989—1916 Fr. Pat. 418,744. D.R.P. 260,915. Inflammability reducers—U.S.P. RI. 13, 793; 794,581; 1,041,115; 1,041,116; 1,045,990; 1,067,785; 1,351,652; 1,353,- 384; 1,858,914; 1,379,596; 1,388,825; 1,411,677; 1,429,295; 1,432,864; 1,432,- 365; 1,451,313; 1,469,839; 1,493,207 ; 1,493,208; 1,493,209; 1,493,210; 1,496,- 198; 1,584,651; 1,588,859; 1,538,860; 1,538,862; 1,554,505; 1,594,201; 1,616,- 910; 1,630,752; 1,631,468; 1,633,067; 1,641,411; 1,641,412; 1,641,413. Eng. Pat. 3072—1882; 15,121—1884; 24,695—1893; 6389—1896; 6803— 1896; 7975—1897; 5891—1907; 27,- 201—1908; 6608—1910; 10,320—1910; 18,607—1910; 27,283—1910; 28,848— 1910; 23,777—1912; 7418—1913; 12,- 804—1913; 11,635—1914; 2067—1915; 127,027—1917; 131,082—1918; 138,379 —1918; 1388641—1919; 203,847— 1922; 206,770—1923; 230,6683—1925 ; 237,900—1925; 243,350; 268,901. Can. Pat. 147,578; 256,395. Fr. Pat. 317,884; 322,457; 328,054; 344,048; 344,501; 351,555; 360,912; 364,690; 372,599; 374,395; 376,399; 407,862; 413,657; 413,658; 421,848; 427,562; 433,012; 455,811; 461,034; 562,667; 580,883; 597,132; 606,969. D.R.P. 260,915; 221,081; 357,484; 396,- 051. Aust. P. 53,109; 57,706. Swiss P. 51,644. - Ink for lacquered surfaces—U.S.P. 1,- 562,544. Inodorous celluloid—Eny. Pat. 21,485— 1892. Insoles for shoes, waterproofing—U.S.P. 1,263,186. : Insulating lacquer—U.S.P. 1,594,201. Eng. Pat. 256,214, insulating material—U.S.P. 294,557; 701,- 357; 1,005,454; 1,025,217; 1,563,205. ° Eng. Pat. 2264—1902; 6600—1904; 157,- 119—1919. 325,336; 347,446; 368,004 ; 387,537 , 420,044; 439,648 ; 580,882 ; Fr. Pat. 340,622. D.R.P. 28,972; 130,977; 260,915; 336,- 476. Aust. P. 50,656. Inulin—Eng. Pat. 7256—1856. Iodoform—U.S.P. 628,463. Eng. Pat. 25,779—1896. Iron alkyl phthalates—U.S.P. 1,591,652. Iron butyl phthalates—U.S.P. 1,591,652. Can. Pat. 260,927. Iron oxide—US.P. 999,490; 1,496,198. Iron, oxidized—Eng. Pat. 2249—1860. Iron, tincture of muriate of—U.8.P. 209,- 57U. Isinglass—Eng. Pat. 2143—1864; 383— 1887. Isoprene—Eng. Pat. 2067—1915. Fr. Pat. £75,351. Ivory biack—U.8.P. 1,310,841. Japan—U.S.P. 1,830,421; 1,392,040. japan lacquer—Aust. P. 7052. Japanese wood oil—U.S.P. 1,316,311. Japanese Yoshino—US.P. 1,592,338; 1,592,340; 1,626,113. Jelutong resin—U.S.P. 1,105,619. Juniper, gum—Eng. Pat. 21,081—1912. Kaolin—U.S.P. 445,528; 1,012,887; 1,464,- 949, Kauri gum—U5S.P. 366,231; 518,386; 555,596; 1,012,887; 1,562,385; 1,562,- 387; 1,583,703; 1,589,608; 1,618,483; 1,623,035; 1,651,578. Eng. Pat. 243,030. Can. Pat. 260,927. Kerosene—U.S.P. 518,388; 1,107,222. Ketones—U.S.P. 783,828; 1,021,569; 1,158,217; 1,166,790; 1,185,514; 1,283,- 183; 1,815,216; 1,408,035; 1,410,790; 1,437,170. Eng. Pat. 6542—1892; 6548—1892; 15.- 9141894; 5280—1904; 6519—1910; 714—1914; 129,0833—1917; 209.727. Fr. Pat. 342,464; 589,732. D.R.P. 281,265. Jap. Pat. 34,855. Ketone condensation Pat. 18,499—1918. D.R.P. 214,962. Ketone, hydrogenized monocyclic—Eng. Pat. 23,544—1912. D.R.P.—263,404; 272,391. Ketonic group, organic acia containing— Fr. Pat. 319,724. products—Eng. 322 Ketotetramethylene—U.S.P, See diethyl cyclobutanone. Kieselguhr—U.8.P. 1,317,721. Kinematograph films, lacquers for reno- vating—Eng. Pat. 7956—1915. Kinematograph films, manufacture of non-inflammable—Eng. Pat. 2067— 1915. Kinematograph films, removing “rain streak” from—Eng. Pat. 2326—1914. Kinematograph films, manufacture— Eng. Pat. 184,495—1921. 1,440,006. Lac, gum—US.P. 1,133,062. Eng. Pat. 756—1864; 33—1883; 383— 1887 ; 2694—1887 ; 2568—1896; 4154— 1909; 4253—1911. Fr. Pat. 377,089; 402,028. D.R.P. 216,307; 253,984. Lacquer—U.S.P. 1,452,219. Lacquer, colored—Fr. Pat. 233,727. Lacquer, method of applying dip—U.S.P. 1,572,461. Lactic acid—U.S.P. 690,211; 1,029,341. Eng. Pat. 6858—1896; 8313—1911. Fr. Pat. 421,854; 428,069. D.R.P. 214,898; 273,498. Lactic acid, esters of—Eng. Pat. 25,182— 1913. Fr, Pat. 464,617; 535,466. Swiss P. 66,510; 67,708. Lactic acid, ethers of—U.S.P. 1,015,155; 1,015,156. Eng. Pat. 6858—1896. Aust. Pat. 47,899. Swiss P. 51,952. Lactic acid, salts of—Eng. Pat. 6858— 1896. D.R.P. 214,398. Lactic acid, tetra acetyI—D.R.P. 140,263. Lactose—D.R.P. 140,855. Lactose, esters of—U.S.P. 830,493. Lactose tartaric acid—D.R.P. 140,263. Lakes—Eng. Pat. 1878—1912. Lampblack—US.P. 1,185,074; 1,426,521. Eng. Pat. 158,521—1918; 192,107— 1921. Lanolin—U.S8.P. 587,096; 587,097; 1,217,- 027. Eng. Pat. 17,602—1897; 127,615—1917; 127,678—1917. Lanthanum—U8.P. 1,196,144. Latent solvents—See essential oils. Lantern slides, films for—Eng. Pat. 104,- 742—1916. A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER Lauric acid, methyl and ethyl esters of —USP.. 1,412,770. Lead acetate—U.S.P. 170,360. Aust, P. 27,202. Lead acetate, use of in manufacture of solvents—Eng. Pat. 5344—1889. Lead amyl phthalate—US.P. 1,591,652. Lead butyl phthalate—US.P. 1,591,652. Can. Pat. 260,927. Lead compounds—Eng. Pat. 1799—1909. Lead ethyl phthalate—U.S.P. 1,591,652. Lead metal—U.S.P. 1,652,587. Lead nitrate, basic—Eng. Pat. 5891— 1907. Lead oxide—U.S.P. 1,012,887. Lead pipes, coating for—Eng. Pat. 8823— 1891. Lead propyl phthalate—U.S.P. 1,591,652. Lead, red—U.S.P. 1,481,455. Lead recinoleate—Fr. Pat. 374,395. Lead, sugar of—U.S.P. 697,790. Eng. Pat. 8068—1901. f Can. Pat. 78,060. Lead, white—Fr Pat. 469,872. Leather, coating—lEng. Pat. 2359—1855; 28,743—1908; 187,847—1921. Fr. Pat. 412,797; 413,901. Leather, coating for—Eng. Pat. 6051— 1884; 785—1885; 189,942. Leather, coating used on _ artificial— US.P.—3804,229; 352,726; 587,097; 661,263; 783,828; 909,288; 928,235; 1,140,174; 1,247,610; 1,217,128; 1,412,- 770. Eng. Pat. 22,528—1907; 4959—1910; 18,076—1910; 21,081—1912; 714— 1914; 4668—1914; 5633—1914; 102,- 114—1916; 106,336—1916; 122,456— 1918; 180,705—1920; 161,564—1921. Can. Pat. 21,473; 61,157; 150,646; 201,- 913. Fr. Pat. 448,808. D.R.P.—103,726. Aust. P. 61,055. Swiss P 48,975. Leather, glue for—Fr. Pat. 447,664. Levulic acid—Eng. Pat. 6858—1896. Levulic acjd, ethers of—Eng. Pat. 6858— ; 1896. Levulic acid, salts of—Eng. Pat. 6858—__ 1896. Levulose—D.R.P. 140,855. Levulose, esters of—U.S.P. 830,493. D.R.P. 140,263. INDEX OF MATERIALS NAMED IN PATENTS CITED 323 Levulose, pentacetyl—US.P. 830,493. D.R.P.—140,263. Lichenin—Eng. Pat. 2256—1856. Lichens—Fr. Pat. 424,820. Light, varnish for transforming rays of— U.S.P.—1,188,655; 1,188,776; 1,196,- 144. Fr. Pat. 432,483. Lignoid—U'S.P. 251,410. Lignoproteins—D.R.P. 346,832. -Lignosulphoacid—U.S.P. 1,464,949. Ligroin—U.S.P. 1,166,790. Eng. Pat. 21,368—1912. Fr, Pat. 459,006. D.R.P. 263,404; 272,391. Aust. P. 64,393. Swiss P. 64,710. Lime—Eng. Pat. 2802—1873. Lime, use of in manufacture of solvents —Eng. Pat. 53844—1889. Linen, coating—U.S.P. 861,435. Eng. Pat. 8618—1908; 17,449—1909; 24,006—1909; 870—1910; 1799— 1910; 6519—1910. Can. Pat. 110,622. Fr. Pat. 403,761; 422,763; 456,729; 420,- 127. D.R.P. 238,361; 241,781; 242,786; 347,- 014. Linoleates, metal—D.R.P. 334,761. Linolein, nitro compounds—Eng. Pat. 21,995—1895. © Linolein, nitro derivatives of—D.R.P. 96,365. Linseed oil—U.S.P. 91,377; 158,188; 234,- 675; 340,026; 631,295; 783,828; 909,- 288; 981,178; 1,021,569; 1,166,790; 1,217,027; 1,431,455; 1,562,383; 1,562,- 385; 1,562,387; 1,618,483; 1,618,484. Eng. Pat. 2143—1864; 3651—1868; 3984—1868; 491—1885; 4668—1885; 12,684—1890; 21,995—1895; 21,368— 1912; 23,544—1912; 187,847—1921; 189,942. Fr. Pat. 398,028; 459,006. * D.R.P. 17,089; 211,520; 263,404; 272,- 391. Aust. P. 64,393. Swiss P, 64,710. Jap. Pat. 37,972. Linseed oil, boiled—U.S.P. 1,437,170. Linseed oil varnish—Fr. Pat. 446,627. Litharge—U.S.P. 697,790. Eng. Pat. 8068—1901. Can. Pat. 78,060. Aust. P. 27,202. Lithopone—US.P. 1,147,066; 1,453,764; 1,607,516. Eng. Pat. 202,154—1922. Lithium phosphate—U.S.P. 1,534,651 1,616,910. Loading materials—HEng. Pat. 129,630— 1918. Logwood, extract of—U.S.P. 209,570. Lucrate—U.S.P. 1,131,929. Eng. Pat. 11,340—1909. Fr, Pat. 433,012; 433,013. Luster, imparting—Eng. Pat. 1904; 11,928—1907. DRL. 14,625 3 217,852: Luster producing material—Eng. Pat. 6893—1914. Fr. Pat. 381,195. 1,419,258; 1759-3 Magnesia—U.S.P. 1,431,455. Eng. Pat. 8823—1891; 24,790—1896. Fr. Pat. 495,000. 294,557; 1,012,887; D.R.P. 260,915. Magnesium acetate—Fr Pat. 410,973. Magnesium ammonium phosphate— U:S.P. 1,329,386. Magnesium borate—Eng. Pat. 15,121— "1884. Magnesium carbonate—U.S.P. 597,144; 1,165,179; 1,310,841. Magnesium carbonate, hydrated—USP. 1,633,067. Magnesium chloride—U.S.P. 1,400,430; 1,464,949; 1,469,839. Eng. Pat. 6389—1896; 7975—1897; 27 ,534—1897; 8301—1901; 128,659— 1917. Fr. Pat. 344,501; 374,395; 420,212; 440,955. D.R.P. 93,009. Magnesium dihydrogen ortho-antomo- niate—Eng. Pat. 233,874—1925. Fr. Pat. 580,883. Magnesium di-hydrogen pyro-antimo- niate—US.P. 1,538,860. Magnesium hydroxide—Fr. Pat. 495,000. Magnesium lactate—U.S.P. 1,529,056. Magnesium oxide—U‘S.P. 150,722. Magnesium oxychloride—U.S.P. 1,534,- 651. Magnesium ricinoleate—Fr. Pat. 374 395. Magnesium silicate—Eng. Pat. 264,045. Magnesium stearate—U.S.P. 951,582. Magnesium sulfate—U.S.P. 1,534,651. 324 Magnesium’ sulforicinoleate—Fr. Pat. 374,395. Magnesium phosphate—U.S.P. 1,534,651. Maisin—US.P. 9313—1908. Fr. Pat. 388,097. D.R.P. 207,869. Maltodextrin—D.R.P. 221,081. Manganese alkyl phthalate—US.P. 1,591,652. Manganese borate—Eng. Pat. 26,079— 19138. Manganous chloride—Fr. Pat. 364,690; 374,395. Manganese oleate—U.S.P. 1,021,569. Manganese peroxide, use of in prepar- ing. pyroxylin solvents—U.S.P. 518,- 386; 518,387; 518,388; 559,823. Manganese siccative—Fr. Pat. 466,911. Manila gum—U.S8.P. 1,583,703. Eng. Pat. 256,229. Mannan acetate—U.S.P. 1,645,141. Manol—U.S.P. 1,181,859; 1,181,860; 1,434,634; 1,488,294; 1,620,977. Eng. Pat. 20,976—1911. Fr. Pat. 482,047; 465,345. Mannite—Eng. Pat. 12,091—1915. Mannitetriformal—U.S.P. 996,191. Marble, treating with collodion solution —Eng. P. 18,744—1901. Marine oils, glyceryl esters of—D.R.P. 350,973. ; Mastic gum—US.P. 951,582; 1,196,144; 1,487,170; 1,623,035. Eng. Pat. 33—1883; 2568—1896; 7087— 1914. Can. Pat. 260,927. Fr, Pat. 422,819, RPGS: Swiss P. 60,988. Matches, coating—U.S.P. 136,953. Melissic spirits—D.R.P. 12,778. See oil of melissa. Mercaptols—Eng. Pat. 1378—1912. Mercaptans—Eng. Pat. 1378—1912. Mercuric chloride—U.S.P. 612,066. Mercury—U.S.P. 1,451,313. Mercury compounds—U.S.P. 1,105,619. Mercury oxide—U.S.P. 150,722. Mesityl oxide—U.S.P. 1,434,634; 1,437,- 170; 1,469,826; 1,488,294. Metal alkyl phthalates—U.S.P. 1,591,652. Can. Pat. 260,927. Metals, coatings of—Eng. Pat. 209,727. Fr. Pat. 581,653. Metal coatings, applying to textile A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER fibers—Eng. Pat. 24,289—1903; 13,- 516—1908. Metal, lacquer for—U.S.P. 507,964; 1,204,709 ; 1,330,421 ; 1,369,467 ; 1,393,290. Eng. Pat. 1208—1871 ; 2802—1873; 6051 —1884; 5586—1887; 24,955—1902; 28,415—1908; 18,076—1910. D.R.P. 273,498. Metal oxides—Fr. Pat. 319,724. D.R.P. 138,905. Metal powder—U.S.P. 694,946; 1,011,181; 1,015,156; 1,185,074. Eng. Pat. 745—1855; 959—1879; 9261— 1894; 7088—1902; 1715—1898; 7087— 1914; 105,1387—1916; 127,615—1917; 127,678—1917; 131,641—1918. Fr. Pat. 398,084; 408,370. D.R.P. 217,852. Aust. P. 45,239; 47,899. Swiss P. 48,975; 51,952. Metal salts—Eng. Pat. 16,330—1887. Fr, Pat. 319,724; 351,555; 439,648. Metals, waterproofing composition for— U.S.P.—112,370; 471,422. Metallic chloride—Eng. Pat. 2425—1913. Fr, Pat. 402,950. Metallic oxides—Eng. Pat. 7088—1902. Fr. Pat. 319,724. Metallic sulfides—Eng. Pat. 7088—1902. Methoxy acetophenone—FY. Pat. 432,264. Methoxyphenone—Eng. Pat. 128,215— 1919. Methyl acetanilid—US.P. 551,456; 1,041,113; 1,181,858; 1,181,860; 1,185,- 074; 1,188,798; 1,229,485; 1,229,486; 1,229,487; 1,242,783; 1,244,107; 1,244,- 108; 1,244,347; 1,244,348; 1,244,349; 1,460,097. Eng. Pat. 1441—1910; 18,189—1910. Fr. Pat. 340,266; 412,797; 418,744. D.R.P. 287,745. . Methyl acetate—U.S.P. 269,343; 428654; 434,330; 478,543; 552,984; 552,935; 621,360; 1,021,569; 1,181,860; 1,188- — 799; 1,226,342; 1,303,563; 1,309,980;* 1,310,841; 1,320,458; 1,353,385; 1,370,- — 879; 1,394,890; 1,395,401; 1,898,239; — 1,405,449; 1,406,224; 1,410,790; 1,426,- — 521, 1,429,153; 1,432,365; 1,432,374; © 1,434,465; 1,437,170; 1,487,952; 1,440,- — 006; 1,440,178; 1,449,157; 1,460,097; — 1,464,169; 1,464,170; 1,467,071; 1,467,- 091; 1,467,092; 1,467,093; 1,467,095; — 1,467,096; 1,467,097; 1,467,098; 1,467,-. INDEX OF MATERIALS NAMED IN PATENTS CITED 325 099; 1,467,100; 1,467,101; 1,467,102: 1,467,103; 1,467,104; 1,467,105; 1,469,- 826; 1,494,469; 1,494,470; 1,494,471: 1,494,472; 1,494,473; 1,494,474; 1,494, 475; 1,494,476; 1,500,366; 1,501,206: 1,521,055; 1,521,056; 1,529,056; 1,530,- 987; 1,536,052; 1,548,933; 1,548,938; 1,552,793; 1,552,794; 1,552,803; 1,618,- 112; 1,041,113; 1,041,114; 1,041,115; 1,041,117; 1,076,215; 1,082,543; 1,124, 012; 1,128,468; 1,136,248; 1,143,979; 1,153,596; 1,165,179; 1,181,860; 1,185,- 514; 1,188,797; 1,188,798; 1,188,799: 1,188,800; 1,199,395; 1,199,800; 1,203,- - 756; 1,205,822; 1,217,027; 1,226,339: 1,226,340; 1,226,341; 1,226,342; 1,226 482; 1,618,484. Eng. Pat. 9315—1890; 12,684—1890: 28,613—1897; 2145—1911: 1262— 1914; 124,763—1916; 127,027—1917; 127,678—1917; 131,369—1918; 131,- 669—1918; 158,521—1918; 128,215— 1919; 184,197—1921; 184,671—1921; 195,849—1922:; 209,727. 343; 1,229,485; 1,229,486; 1,229,487: 1,244,107; 1,244,108; 1,244,347; 1,244, 348; 1,244,349; 1,251,710; 1,309,980; 1,309,981; 1,316,783; 1,320,458; 1,321, 611; 1,321,633; 1,321,634; 1,323,792; 1,342,601; 1,342,602; 1,350,274; 1,354,- 725; 1,360,759; 1,370,878; 1,379,596: 1,380,258; 1,884,188; 1,888,472; 1,392,- Fr. Pat. 432,264; 452,432; 464,646; 472, 040; 1,395,401; 1,398,239: 1,398,939; 423: 495,000; 521,370; 530,440; 611,- 1,405,487; 1,406,224; 1,408,095; 1,410,- 899. 790; 1,411,708; 1,415,059; 1,425,510; Aust. Pat. 7052. 1,429,153; 1,429,169; 1,429,174; 1,429.- Jap. Pat. 34,855. 188; 1,431,900; 1,431,905; 1,431,906; Methyl acetoacetate—U.S.P. 1,487,952. 1,432,364; 1,432,373; 1,482,874; 1,434,- Fr. Pat. 479,387. 426; 1,434,427; 1,437,170; 1,437,792; Methyl acetone—US.P. 999,490; 1,021,- 1,439,293; 1,440,006; 1,441,143; 1,444 569; 1,298,199; 1,310,841; 1,315,216; 331; 1,444,333; 1,444,406: 1,450,714; 1,320,458; 1,358,914; 1,394,890; 1,398,- 1,450,715; 1,450,716; 1,456,782; 1,460,- 239: 1,437,170; 1,437,952; 1,500,366; 097; 1,460,690; 1,466,819; 1,467,071; 1,508,483; 1,508,484; 1,529,056; 1,538,- 1,467,092; 1,467,093; 1,467,094; 1,467,- 861; 1,607,090; 1,633,683; 1,643,437. 095; 1,467,096; 1,467,097; 1,467,098; Eng. Pat. 124,515—1916; 127,678— 1,467,099; 1,467,100; 1,467,101; 1,467,- 1917; 122,679—1919; 211,892—1923; 102; 1,467,103; 1,467,105; 1,469,812: 258,698. 1,469,816; 1,469,825; 1,469,826; 1,469,- Fr. Pat. 498,949. 862; 1,469,863; 1,473,217; 1,473,218; D.R.P. 397,919. 1,473,219; 1,479,955; 1,488,608; 1,493,- 207; 1,493,208; 1,493,209; 1,493,210; 1,494,469; 1,494,470; 1,494,471; 1,494,- 472: 1,494,473; 1,494,475: 1,494,476: 1,518,417; 1,538,859; 1,538,860; 1,538,- 861; 1,538,862; 1,548,932; 1,548,933; 1,548,938; 1,552,792; 1,552,793; 1,552,- 794; 1,552,795; 1,552,796; 1,552,799; 1,552,800; 1,552,802; 1,552,803; 1,552,- 804; 1,552,805; 1,552,806; 1,563,205; 1,575,778; 1,580,189; 1,588,089; 1,594,- 525; 1,598,949; 1,599,569; 1,607,090; 1,618,483; 1,620,977; 1,630,752; 1,633,- 067; 1,644,417; 1,644,420; 1,652,353. Eng. Pat. 2484—1878; 1866—1879; 466 1883; 15,121—1884; 8442—1886; 5791 —1887; 8253—1887; 10,393—1889; 12,684—1890; 6542—1892; 6543— 1892: 7784—1893; 22,137—1893; 13,- 139—1894; 22,019—1894; 6858—1896 ; 17,602—1897; 28,613—1897; 20,092— 1899; 4863—1903; 9962—1904; 28,376 o & p Methyl acetophenone—Eng. Pat. — 128,215—1919. Fr. Pat. 432,264. s-Methyl aceto trichloranilid—D.R.P. 180,280. Methyl alcohol—U'S.P. 294,557; 311,208; 329,313; 366,231; 381,354; 417,202; 422,195; 434,330; 471,422; 478,543; 494,790; 494,793; 495,263; 502,546; 507,749; 507,964; 510,617; 517,987; 542,692; 543,108; 543,197; 551,456; 552,209; 552,934; 552,935; 553,270; 555,596; 556,017; 559,823; 559,824; 568,106; 573,132; 587,096; 595,355; 597,144; 598,649; 602,797; 612,066; 612,067; 612,553; 615,319; 621,360; 622,727; 697,790; 797,373; 888,516; 893,987; 961,360; 982,370; 999,490; 1,009,116; 1,015,155; 1,015,156; 1,021,- 569; 1,027,486; 1,027,615; 1,027,616; 1,027,617; 1,027,618; 1,035,108; 1,041,- 326 1904; 4390—1908; 1441—1910; 13,692 1910; 10,222—1912; 14,586—1910; 23,777—1912; 2465—1913; 714—1914; 1262—1914; 140—1915; 7956—1915; 112,483—1917; 127,027—1917; 131,647 —1918; 1282151919: 133,972— 1919; 160,225—1919; 164,082—1919; 164,033—1919; 184,197—1921; 184,671 —1921; 187,847—1921; 230,663— 1925; 231,161—1925; 238,485—1925; 189,942; 209,727; 248,030; 248,350; 243,031; 276,834. Can. Pat. 78,060; 196,926; 260,463. Fr. Pat. 184,548; 344,501; 374,395; 412,797; 415,945; 433,013; 464,646; 530,440; 408,896; 595,155; 596,838. D.R.P. 80,776; 86,740; 118,052; 161,213; 176,121; 267,992; 281,265; 287,745; 307,075; 352,905; 302,460. Aust. P. 47,899; 17,684; 99,665. Swiss P. 47,559; 51,952; 52,115; 53,760. See also methylated spirits. Methyl acetyl salicylate—U.S.P. 1,408,- 095. Methyl acetyl tetrachlor anilid—Eng. Pat. 8077—1906. Fr. Pat. 365,297. D.R.P. 180,203; 180,209. Methyl acetyl trichlor anilid—Eng. Pat. 8077—1906. Fr. Pat. 365,297. D.R.P. 180,203; 180,204. Methyl aldehyde—Eng. Pat. 1910. Methyl amyl ether—U.S.P. 718,670. Methyl amyl ketone—U.S.P. 470,451; 1,408,035; 1,469,812. Methyl aniline—U.S.P. 830,493. Eng. Pat. 15,435—1904; 16,271—1906. Can. Pat. 103,036. Fr, Pat. 341,556; 377,671. 196,151; 196,925; 233,72¢ ; 387,791; 432,264 ; 466,911; 553,547 ; 324,121; 398,028 ; 439,721; 472,423 : 580,882 ; 14,293— D.RP. 314,817, Methyl anthranilate—U.S.P. 1,199,800; 1,388,472. Methyl benzoate—U S.P. 1,199,800 ; 1,388,472; 1,469,813. Eng. Pat. 15,914—1894. D.R.P. 192,666; 276,013. s-Methyl benzoyl trichloroanilid—Fr. Pat. 363,846. D.R.P. 180,208. A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER Methyl butyl ketone—US.P. 470,451; 595,355; 1,469,812. Methyl butyrate—US.P. 1,398,239; 1,- 432,365. Eng. Pat. 15,914—1894. Fr. Pat. 428,664. Methyl carbamate—U S.P. 568,106. Methyl carbanilate—U.S.P. 568,104. Methyl carbonate—U.8.P. 1,552,805. Fr. Pat. 432,264. Methyl chloracetate—U.S.P. 1,039,782. Methyl chloride—U.S.P. 628,463; 1,181,- 859. Eng. Pat. 25,779—1896. Methyl chlorohydrin—D.R.P. 288,267. Methyl cinnimate—US.P. 1,199,800; 1,- 388,472. Methyl citrate—Eng. Pat. 15,914—1894. Methyl o-cresyl ether—US8.P. 1,479,955. B-Methyl cyclohexanol acetate—Swiss Pat. 59,164. B-Methyl-cyclopentanol acetate—US.P. 1,045,895. Eng. Pat. 3869—1912. D.R.P. 255,692. Swiss P, 59,164; 61,611. Methyl-cyclohexanol formate—US.P. 1,045,895. Eng. Pat. 3869—1912. D.R.P, 251,351. Swiss P. 59,164. Methyl cyclohexanone—U'S.P. 1,166,790; 1,395,401; 1,589,700. Eng. Pat. 14,042—1914; 128,215—1919; 145,511—1920; 247,288; 263,175. Fr. Pat. 482,264; 459,006. D.R.P. 334,871. Aust. Pat. 64,393. Swiss Pat. 64,710. Methyl diphenyl urea—U.S.P. 1,090,641. Fr. Pat. 459,541; 470,042. Swiss Pat. 65,925. Methylethenytrichloramidine — D.R.P, — 180,126. Methyl ether—U.S.P. 556,017. Eng. Pat. 2484—1878. Fr. Pat. 424,820. sa Methyl ethyl aceto acetate—US.P. 1, 437 952. Methyl ethyl ether—U.S.P. 1,394,890. ; Methyl ethyl glycollate—Fr. Pat. 432,264. Methyl ethyl ketone—US.P. 470,451; © 595,355; 999,490; 1,021,569; 1,200,886; — 1,298,199; 1,303,563; 1,315,216; 1,320,- — — aA: OU me _ Methyl oleate—U.S.P. 1,199,800; S| en ee ee ee ee INDEX OF MATERIALS NAMED IN PATENTS CITED 327 458; 1,358,914; 1,408,035; 1,469,812; 1,521,859; 1,529,056; 1,538,861. Eng. Pat. 124,515—1916. Fr. Pat. 498,949. Methyl ethyl lactate—Fr. Pat. 482,264. Methyl ethyl sulfone—US.P. 1,357,614; 1,370,878; 1,370,879. Methylethylsulfonamid—U.S.P. 1,454,- 959; 1,454,960. Eng. Pat. 154,334—1919. Methyl eugenol—Eng. Pat. 124,763— 1916. Methyl formanilid—U.S.P. 1,280,279. Fr. Pat. 470,042. Methyl formate—US.P. 561,624; 972,464; 1,552,806. Eng. Pat. 3189—1911; 2465—1913; 184,- 197—1921. Fr. Pat. 425,900; 530,440. D.R.P. 246,657. Aust. P. 53,099. Methyl glycollate—Fr. Pat. 432,264. Methyl hexyl ketone—U.S.P. 595,355. 439,721; 472,423; Methyl hippurate—Hng. Pat. 15,914— 1894, Methylhydroxynaphthylketone — Eng. Pat. 20,723—1900. Methyl iodide—U.S.P. 1,467,099. Methyl lactate—Eng. Pat. 15,914—1894. Fr. Pat. 432,264. Methyl mesitylenate—Eng. Pat. 15,914— 1894. Methyl myristate—U.S.P. 1,094,830. Methyl-@-naphthyl ether—Eng. Pat. 4940 —1914. Methylnaphthylketone—Eng. Pat. 20,723 —1900. D.R.P. 122,166. Methyl nitrate—US.P. 269,340; 027; 1,303,115. Methyl nitrobenzoate—U.S.P. 1,199,800; 1,388,472. 1,217, 1,388,- 472. Methyl orthoformate—Fr. Pat. 432,264. Methyl oxalate—Eng. Pat. 15,914—1894. Methyloxynaphthyl ketone — D.RP. 122,166. “ethyl palmitate—D.R.P. 192,666. Methyl pentyl ketone—U.S.P. 595,355. Methyl phenyl acetate—U.S.P. 1,199,800; 1,388,472. : _ 3 Methyl-5 phenyl-4, 6 dicarboxyl-ethyl, 2-keto-R-hexene—D.R.P. 172,967. Methylphenylethyl-o-tolylurea — Eng. Pat. 17,501—1914. Methyl phenyl ketone—See acetophe- none. Methyl phenyl urea—U.SP. 1,302,202. Fr. Pat. 459,541. Swiss Pat. 65,138; 65,925. Methyl phenyl urethane—US.P. 1,090,- 644. Fr. Pat. 459,540. Methyl phthalate—U.S.P. 1,434,634. Eng. Pat. 15,914—1894; 131,669—1918. Fr, Pat. 308,372; 463,622. Methyl propionate—US.P. 1,432,365; 1,- 473,217. Eng. Pat. 432,264. Methyl propyl ketone—US.P. 470,451; 595,355; 1,469,812. Methyl phenyl oxide—See Anisol. Methyl propyl phenol series—Eng. Pat. 124.763—1916. Methyl resinate—Eng. Pat. 8283—1913. Methyl salicylate—U.S. Pat. 269,340; 478,543; 543,197; 1,199,800; 1,388,472; 1,450,715; 1,575,778. Eng. Pat. 15,914—1894. Methyl silicate—US.P. RI. 13,793. Fr; Pat. 325,336; 420,127. Eng Pat. 870—1910. Methyl stearate—U.S'P. 1,094,830. D.R.P. 192,666. Methyl succinate—Eng. Pat. 1894. D.R.P. 68,356. Methyl tartrate—Eng. Pat. 15,914—1894. Methyl-o-toluylene—D.R.P. 180,126. Methyl valerianate—US.P. 1,205,822. Eng. Pat. 7956—1915. Methyl valeryl ketone—U.S.P. 470, 451. Methyl valeryl valerone—U.S.P. 1,408,- 035. Methylal—U S.P. 1,181,859. Methylated spirit—U.S.P. 1,131,929; 602,- 797; 1,481,485. Eng. Pat. 2417—1860; 15,686—1893; 6858—1896; 8063—1901; 4577—1906; 12,976—1909; 18,607—1910; 1386,433— 1919; 148,117—1920; 184,495—1921; 187 ,847—1921. Fr. Pat. 411,126; 433,012. See also methyl alcohol. Methylated ether—Eng. Pat. 2359—1855; 15,686—1893; 870—1910; 14,293— 1910; 203,449. 1,090,641 ; 15,914— 328 Fr. Pat. 420,127. Methylene—U.S.P. 234,675. Methylene acetate—U.S.P. 1,199,800; 1,- 388,472. Methylene blue—U.S.P. 627,296; 858; 1,608,742. Methylene chlorohydrin—D.R.P. 288,267. Methylene chloride—U.S.P. 1,181,860; 1,467,102. Eng. Pat. 243,030; 243,031; 243,350. Methylene ethylene ether—U.S.P. 996,- 191. Methylene glycerine—US.P. 996,191. Methylene glycol diphenyl ether—Eng. Pat. 256,229. Methoxy benzyl 181,860. Methoxy derivatives of 0, o’dimethylol- p-cresol—D.R.P. 395,704. Eng. Pat. 201,421. Methylic spirit—U.S.P. 209,570. Mica—U.S.P. 904,269; 1,015,156; a2, Eng. Pat. 11,927—1898; 6600—1904 ; 1912. Fr. Pat. 340,622; 381,195. D.R.P. 357,484; 405,025. Aust. P. 47,899. Swiss P. 51,952. Mica silver—U.S.P. 139,333. Mineral—US.P. 88,948. Mineral acid—U.S.P. 1,464,949; 1,564,689. Mineral coloring matter—Eng. Pat. 28.743—1908. Mineral matter—Eng. Pat. 2249—1860. Mineral powders—US.P. 1,185,074. Molasses—U.8.P. 651,364. Monoacetin—U:S.P. 1,488,294; 1,608,743. Monoaceto monochlorhydrin — D.R.P. 125,315. Monoacetyl butyl tartrate—U.S.P. 1,639,- 080. Monoacetylethylaniline—Fr. 804. Monoalcoylaniline, chlorine derivatives of—Fr. Pat. 363,846. Monoalkylsulfonamid—U.S.P. 1,508,928. Eng. Pat. 154,334—1919. Monobrombenzol—U.S.P. 1,641,412. Monobromtoluol—U.S.P. 1,641,412. Monochloranthracene—U.S.P. 1,487,792; 1,309,980. Monochlorbenzol—US.P. 1,411,708. Eng. Pat. 256,229. 1,181,- alcohol—U.S.P._ 1,- aire 14,483—1903 ; 18,416—1907; 1378— Pat. 427,- A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER Monochlorethane—U.S.P. 1,439,293. Fr. Pat. 553,547. Monochlorhydrin—D.R.P. 406,426; 439,- 009. Monochlornaphthalene— U.S.P. 1,309,- 981; 1,418,413; 1,429,169; 1,434,432; 1,434,465; 1,487,792; 1,441,181; 1,444, 406; 1,460,690; 1,467,071; 1,467,091; 1,467,092; 1,467,093; 1,467,094; 1,467,- 095; 1,467,096; 1,467,097; 1,467,098; 1,467,099; 1,467,100; 1,467,101; 1,467,- 102; 1,467,103; 1,467,104; 1,467,105; 1,460,097; 1,469,826; 1,473,217 1,473, 218: 1,473,219; 1,494,469; 1,494,470; 1,494,471; 1,494,472; 1,494,473; 1,494, 474: 1,494,475; 1,494,476; 1,500,366; 1,518,417; 1,548,932; 1,548,933; 1,552,- 793; 1,552,794; 1,552,795; 1,552,796; 1,552,797; 1,552,798; 1,552,799; 1,552,- 800; 1,552,801; 1,552,802; 1,552,803; 1,552,804; 1,552,805; 1,552,806; 1,552,- 808; 1,580,189; 1,583,709. D.R.P. 128,956. a Monochlor naphthalene—US.P. 1,342,- 601; 1,394,505. Monochloro-tricresyl phosphate—US.P. 733,110. Eng. Pat. 4883—1902. Monocresyl diphenyl phosphate—U S.P. 1,462,306. Monocyclic ketone—U.S.P. 1,166,790. Eng. Pat. 23,544—1912; 21,368—1912. D.R.P. 263,404. Aust. P. 64,398. Swiss P. 64,710. Mono ethyl acetyl trichlor anilide—Eng. Pat. 8077—1906. Fr. Pat. 365,297. D.R.P. 180,203; 180,204. Mononitrodiacetin—U.S.P. 598,648. Mordant pigments—Eng. Pat. 127,027— 1917. Mother-of-pearl, artificial—Eng. 17,953—1912; 6893—1914. Moving picture films, varnish for—Eng. Pat, 212,225—1923. Mustard oils—D.R.P. 312,392. Myristic acid, methyl, ethyl, propyl, or amyl ester of halogenized—U.S.P. 962,877. Myristic acid, methyl and ethyl ester of —USP. 1,412 770. Pat; Naphtha—U.S.P. 158,188; 284,970; 286,- 212; 294,557; 381,354; 471,422; a a a il a a ia INDEX OF MATERIALS NAMED IN PATENTS CITED 329 946,294; 1,217,027; 1,431,455; 1,437,- 170; 1,529,056; 1,562,383; 1,562,385; 1,562,387; 1,644,417; 1,644,420. Eng. Pat. 1866—1879; 10,393—1889; 3045—1891; 6542—1892; 6543—1892; 13,560—1898; 7087—1914; 12,895— 1914; 238,485—1925. Can. Pat. 260,463. Fr. Pat. 184,548; 596,838. RAP? 277,605; Aust. P. 17,684. Naphtha, coal—U.S.P. 381,354; 471,422; 1,583,703. Fr. Pat. 184,548. Aust. P. 17,684. Naphtha, gas—U.S.P. 972,953. Can. Pat. 132,232. Fr. Pat. 421,058. Naphtha, solvent—Eng. Pat. 158,586— 1919. US.P. 1,594,521; 1,618,484. D.R.P. 336,476. Naphtha, hot solvent—Eng. Pat. 161,564 —1921; 182,820—1921. Naphtha, vegetable—Eng. Pat. 2359— 1855. Naphthalene—U.S.P. 548,197; 738,533; 1,217,027; 1,244,107; 1,244,108; 1,244, 347; 1,244,348: 1,244,349: 1,342,601; 1,343,135; 1,351,652; 1,354,401; 1,354,- 725; 1,364,342; 1,397,103; 1,402,969; 1,439,293; 1,496,198; 1,563,205. Eng. Pat. 20,234—1893; 11,927—1898; 13,287—1899; 147,904—1920; 190,694 —1922. Hi Pht se,Dlas 503,047, D.RP. 117,542; 336,476. Naphthalene, brominated—U.S.P. 1,641,- 411. Naphthalene chlorides—US.P. 583,516; 1,281,080. Naphthalene, chlorinated—U.S.P. 1,342,- 602; 1,608,742; 1,608,743; 1,639,080; 1,645,141. Eng. Pat. 209,727; 244,543; 275,747. Fr. Pat. 483,316. Naphthalene, mono-nitro—U.S.P. 1,306,- 440; 1,310,489. Fr. Pat. 300,676. D.R.P. 93,228. Naphthalene, nitro derivatives of—Fr. Pat. 483,316. Naphthalene oxidation products—Eng. Pat. 15,914—1894. Naphthenic acid—D.R.P. 351,103. US.P. 1,594,525. Naphthenic acid esters—Fr. Pat. 581,177. D-R.P.' 327,876; 334,983. Swiss P. 95,376. Naphthoic acid—US8.P. 612,067. Naphthoic acid, glyceryl esters of—Fr. Pat. 461,544. a Naphthol—U S.P. 410,207; 612,067. B-Naphthol—US.P. 410,207; 615,319: 622,727; 1,173,337; Eng. Pat. 21,426—1911; 6798—1911; 12,839—1915; 12,840—1915. Fr. Pat. 429,788. 8 Naphthol amyl ether—Eng. Pat. 115,- 855—1917. D.R.P. 307,125; 322,648. Naphtholbenzoate—US8.P. 572,134. Naphthol esters—Eng. Pat. 27,201— 1908; 8646—1910; 8647—1910; 115,- 855—1917. D.R.P. 322,648. Aust. P. 47,244; 47,679; 53,109. Naphthol ethers—Eng. Pat. 115,855— 1917. D.R.P. 322,648. Fr. Pat. 413,658. a Naphthol ethyl ethers—U.S.P. 1,181,- 859. B Naphthol ethyl ethers—U.S.P. 1,181,- 859. a Naphthol, methyl ethers—US.P. 1,181,- 859. 8 Naphthol methyl ethers—U.S.P. 1,181,- 859. Naphthol phosphate—Eng. Pat. 6608— 1910. Naphthol, phosphoric esters Pat. 23,445—1902. Fr. Pat. 309,962; 325,585. Naphthol, sulphethers of—Fr. Pat. 413,- 658. Naphthol, thioesters of—Aust. 47,244; 47,679; 53,109. Naphthol thiophosphate—Eng. Pat. 6608 —1910. Naphthoxyacetic acid—D.R.P. 119,636. Naphthyl acetate—US.P. 1,420,028. Eng. Pat. 11,751—1900. D.R.P. 118,052. Aust. P. 6545. a Naphthyl acetyl * 1,408,095. 6B Naphthyl acetyl 1,408,095. of—Eng. Pat. salicylate—U.S.P. salicylate—U.S.P. 330 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER Naphthylamine, diacetyl derivatives of— Fr. Pat. 432,264. Naphthylamine, diformyl derivatives of —Fr. Pat. 432,264. 8B Naphthyl benzoate—D.R.P. 276,013. 8 Naphthyl ester—Eng. Pat, 6798—1911. Naphthyl phosphoric ester—Eng. Pat. 23,445—1902. Navalite—U.S.P. 1,647,435. Negrocin, soluble—U.S.P. 1,316,783. Nickel alkyl phthalate—U.S.P. 1,591,652. Nickel butyl phthalate—U.S.P. 1,591,652. Nickel metal—U.S.P. 1,652,587. Can. Pat. 260,927. Nickel phosphate—U.S.P. 1,534,651. Nigrosin—U.S.P. 1,345,354. Eng. Pat. 256,229. Nitrated paper—Eng. Pat. 9982—1908. Nitric acid—Eng. Pat. 1125—1856. US.P. 1,588,089; 1,598,949. Nitro-acetyl cellulose—Fr. Pat. 463,622. Nitro-acetyl cellulose, solvent for— US.P. 1,173,931. Eng. Pat. 21,015—1913. Fr. Pat. 461,058. Nitro-anisol—D.R.P. 195,313. Nitrobenzene—U.S.P. 471,422; 610,861; 1,199,800; 1,217,027; 1,303,115; 1,310,- 489; 1,316,311; 1,388,472; 1,563,205. Eng. Pat. 1313—1865; 5791—1887; 15,914—1894; 20,092—1899; 1906 ;- 15,536—1907 ; 870—1910; 14,586 —1910. Fr. Pat. 184,548; 415,945; 483,316; 420,127. D.R.P. 195,813; 352,905. Jap, Pat. 32,242, Aust. P. 17,684. Nitrocarbons—Fr. Pat. 376,399. Nitrocellulose—U.S.P. 304,229; 315,357; 340,026; 352,726; 384,005; 417,202; 578,714; 587,097; 597,144; 602,797; 690,211; 697,790; 700,884; 733,110; 881,827; 888,516; 928,235; 942,395; 952,724; 952,724; 961,360; 982,370; 999,490; 1,003,438; 1,021,569; 1,025,- 217; 1,027,617; 1,027,618; 1,045,895; 1,084,702; 1,131,929; 1,135,026; 1,158,- 961; 1,161,063; 1,166,790; 1,188,356; 1,196,144; 1,200,886; 1,217,027; 1,295,- 533; 1,301,187; 1,302,202; 1,309,981; 1,310,489; 1,316,311; 1,321,611; 1,323,- 624; 1,324,154; 1,338,691; 1,341,710; 1,342,602; 1,343,135; 1,350,274; 1,351,- 652; 1,354,401; 1,354,725; 1,354,726; Eng. Pat. 3450— 1,356,440; 1,357,876; 1,365,882; 1,370,- 853; 1,370,878; 1,379,596; 1,380,258; 1,388,825; 1,398,939; 1,400,430; 1,410,- 790; 1,412,770; 1,415,059; 1,429,153; 1,429,174; 1,430,020; 1,431,900; 1,437,- 170; 1,437,828; 1,437,952; 1,444,333; 1,454,961; 1,468,820; 1,480,016; 1,485,- 071; 1,496,198; 1,521,859; 1,518,396; 1,529,056; 1,533,616; 1,538,858; 1,538,- 860; 1,552,795; 1,553,494; 1,553,495; 1,554,505; 1,556,512; 1,562,383; 1,562,- 385: 1,562,386; 1,562,387; 1,563,205; 1,564,664; 1,580,189; 1,582,705; 1,583,- 703; 1,588,089; 1,590,156; 1,594,521; 1,594,525; 1,612,669; 1,617,237; 1,618,- 481; 1,618,482; 1,618,483; 1,618,484; 1,620,977 ; 1,623,035; 1,626,113; 1,629.- 999; 1,633,067; 1,633,683; 1,643,437; 1,645,141; 1,651,578; 1,652,353; 1,653,- 008; 1,653,009; 1,653,010. 1866—1879; 6051—1884; 15,121—1884; 491—1885; 4668—1885; 8442—1886; 6870—1887; 16,330— 1887; 487—1888; 9315—1890; 8823— 1891; 21,485—1892; 15,686—1893; 20,234—1893; 22,384—1893; 13,139— 1894; 22,019—1894; 12,693—1896; 22,540—1896; 7975—1897; 17,602— 1897; 28,618—1897; 17,948—1900; 8063—1901; 10,2183—1901; 23,445— 1902; 24,955—1902; 4863—1903; 14,483—1903; 23,752—1903; 24,289— 1903; 18,742—1904; 11,512—1905; 12,277—1905; 26,201—1905; 3450— 1906; 4577—1906; 592—1907; 11,397 —1907; 24,214—1907; 4390—1908; 9313—1908; 19,735—1908; 1799— 1909; 4154—1909; 11,625—1909; 26,657—1909; 476—1910; 636—1910; 870-—1910; 1799—1910; 519—1910; 10,320—1910; 13,692—1910; 14,586— 1910; 18,607—1910; 22,311—1910; 2145—1911; 10,708—1911; 11,728— 1911; 15,945—1911; 27,969—1911; 10,222—1912; 17,953—1912; 18,822— 1912; 226221912: 226231912; 23,544—1912; 82831913; 8ss80— 1913; 17,953—1913; 23,957—1913; 4668—1914: 4940— 1914; 9270—1914; 12,840—1915; 102,- 114—1916; 104,742—1916; 106,336— 1916; 106,375—1916; 112,483—1917; 122,679—1918; 133,972—1918; 135,180 —1918; 123628—1918; 1918; 130,962—1918; 131,273—1918; ee es ee 18,499—1913; _ 123,752— INDEX OF MATERIALS NAMED IN PATENTS CITED 331 131,384—1918; 131,389—1918; 132,996 —1918; 133,180—1918; 136,141—1918; 133,972—1919; 144,012—1919: 154, 157—1919; 156,095—1919; 145,546— 1920; 155,778—1920; 156,096—1920: 165,439—1921; 192,107—1921; 177,536 —1922; 1824881922: 189416— 1922; 190,694—1922: 202,835—1922; 205,446—1923; 209,633—1923: 212, 2251923; 236,190—1925; 201,421; 206,520; 226,142; 243,614; 245,469; 247,174; 250,804; 254,041; 256,214: 258,698; 261,589; 262,440; 263,175; 263,184 ; 264,045 ; 275,747, Can. Pat. 21,473; 61,157; 150,646; 196,- 150; 196,151 ; 201,913; 230,046; 259,662; 260,927; 268,571. 229,857 ; 262,784 ; Fr. Pat. 354,942; 349,970; 319,542; 324,- 121; 328,054 ; 340,622 ; 801,055 ; 363,846 ; 379,589 ; 388,097 ; 398,028 ; 410,973; 416,843 ; 429,879; 448,808; 465,345 ; 495,021; 581,177; 587,486 ; 320,452 ; 328,658 ; 344,501 ; 351,844 ; 364,690 ; 387,179; 392,505 ; 398,084 ; 409,196; 421,854; 433,012 ; 449 606 ; 469,925 ; 420,127 ; 581,190; 600,178 ; 325,548 ; 331,819; 347,303 ; 354,292 ; 374,395 ; 387,537 5 393,310; 581,651 ; 601,662. 326,576 ; 339,081 ; 347,446 ; 360,912 ; 377,010; 387,791; 393,968 ; 407 862 ; 421,010; 429,754; 447,645 ; 461,034 ; 477,294 ; 541,648 ; 581,653 ; D.R.P. 10,210; 28,972; 40,373; 56,946; 66,055 ; 102,962 ; 128,119; 140,855 ; 169,782; 180,208 ; 191,454; 211,573; 216,307 ; 240,751; 238,361 ; 281,225; 314,317; 343,182 ; Boaeoe: 84,146 ; 103,726 ; 128,120: 144,648 ; 174,914; 180,489 ; 202,720; 212,696 ; 217,852; 241,781 ; 248,559; 292,951 ; 314,318; 350,973: 253,234; 85,235 ; 115,681 ; 130,977 ; 162,239 ; 175,664 ; 185,808 ; 207 869 ; 212,695; 221,081; 241,820; 273,498 ; 307,125; 324,786 ; 351,103 ; 367,294. 93,228 ; 122,166; 138,783 ; 163,668 ; 177,778; 189,703; 211,520; 214,398 ; 22271; 242,467 ; 280,376 ; 308,615 ; 343,162; 352,905 ; Aust. P. 6545; 9557; 27,202; 28,298; 34,908 ; 42,440: 45,239 ; 64,393; 69,916; 72,493. 56,488 ; Swiss P. 47,559; 59,164; 63,136; 64,710; 65,138; 65,139; 65,459; 65,925; 66,509. Jap. Pat. 32,242. Dutch P. 103. Nitrocellulose compounds, dyed—US.P. 1,399,357. Nitrocellulose, gelatinization of—US.P. 831,488; 946,294; 974,900; 1,188,797; 1,280,278; 1,280,279; 1,302,202; 1,306,- 440; 1,310,489; 1,838691; 1,348,741; 1,468 222. Eng. Pat. 21,493—1906; 4940—1914; 131,389—1918; 154,157—1919; 156,095 —1919; 155,778—1920; 192,107—1921, Can. Pat. 229,857. Fr. Pat. 300,676; 428,664; 470,041; 470,042; 472,423: 581,177. : D.RP. 93,228; 219918; 314,317; 352,905. Aust. P. 72,493. Swiss P. 63,136; 95,376. Nitrocellulose, inorganic or organic acid esters of—Fr. Pat. 409,557. Nitrocellulose, low viscosity—U.S.P. 1,629,999; 1,652,587; 1,653,010; US. R.I. 16,803. Nitrocellulose—oil varnishes—Eng. Pat. 263,175; 263,184; 266,363. Nitrocellulose powders—D.R.P. 302,460. Nitrocellulose solvent—U.S.P. 1,618,482; 1,618,483; 1,620,977; 1,644,420; 1,653,- 008; 1,653,009; 1,653,010. Eng. Pat. 246,272; 247,174; 247,611; 259,293; 277,626. Fr. Pat. 581,653; 595,155; 601,662. Can. Pat. 259,662. Aust. Pat. 99,665. Nitrocotton—Eng. Pat. 15,696—1903. Nitro compounds, aromatic—US.P. 1,- 015,155; 1,015,156. Aust. P. 47,899. Swiss P. 51,952. Nitrocymol—Eng. Pat. 15,914—1894; 20,234—1893. Nitrocumol—Eng. Pat. 15,914—1894; 20,234—1893. Nitroglycerine—Eng. Pat. 24,955—1902 ; 140—1915; 131,389—1918. Fr. Pat. 325,548. Nitroglucose—U.S.P. 79,261. Nitrohydrocarbon—Eng. Pat. 1907. - D.R-P. 206,471. Nitro-linolein—Can. Pat. 61,157. Nitromethane—D.R.P. 201,907. 5891— 332 US.P. 1,599,569. p-Nitro-methyl-acetanilid—US.P. 1,338,- 691. Fr. Pat. 470,041. Nitrophenitol—D.R.P. 195,313. Nitrophenols—U.S.P. 1,217,027; 1,563,205. Nitrophenols and their ethers—Eng. Pat. 15,914—1894. Nitro-ricinolein—Can. Pat. 61,157. Nitrostarch—Eng. Pat. 3450—1906. Nitro-sulfuric acid—Eng. Pat. 1883. o-Nitro-toluol—U.S.P. 1,608,743. p-Nitro toluene—US.P. 552,209. Fr. Pat. 429,879. D.R.P. 195,313. . Nitro toluene, mono, di, or tri—US.P. 1,310,489. Eng. Pat. 15,914—1894; 15,945—1911; 15,536—1907. Nitro xylene—US8.P. 1,310,489. Eng. Pat. 20,234—1898; 15,914—1894. 466— Oil, almond—U.S.P. 1,608,743. “Oil amber”—Eng. Pat. 112,483—1917. Oil, animal—Eng. Pat. 3984—1868; 149,- 319—1919. Oil, anthracene—D.R.P. 319,723. Oil, blown—U.S.P. 491,880; 1,590,156; 1,629,999; U.S.R.I. 16,803. Eng. Pat. 3469—1893. Oil, blown cottonseed—US.P. 491,880; 1,412,770. Can. Pat. 230,046. Oil, blown olive—U.S.P. 491,880. Oil, blown rape seed—U.S.P. 1,320,458; 1,412,770; 1,529,056. Oil, boiled lnseed—Eng. Pat. 127,678— 1917. Oil, carnation—D.R.P. 12,778. Oil, China wood—US.P. 1,618,483. Oil, chinese wood—U.S.P. 1,140,174; 1,- 217,027; 1,217,128: 3,295,533, Eng. Pat. 134,899—1918. Aust. P. 61,055. Oil, cod-liver—U.S8.P. 91,377; 97,454. Eng. Pat. 3984—1868; 3102—1869. Oil, colza—Fr. Pat. 344,048. Oil, condensation products with Chinese wood—Eng. Pat. 636—1910. Oil, corn—US.P. 587,097; 1,021,569. Eng. Pat. 17,602—1897. 1,583,708 ; A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER Oil, cottonseed—USP. 329,313; 1,021,- 569. Eng. Pat. 1695—1867. Oil, creosote—D.R.P. 324,944. Oil, decreosoted hardwood tar—U.S.P. 604,181. Oil, drying—U.S.P. 1,205,822. Eng. Pat. 745—1855; 7956—1915; 127,- 678—1917; 130,896—1919; 263,175; 263,184. Oil, ethyl ester of cocoanut—U.S.P. 1,- 412,770. Oil, fatty acids of cocoanut—US.P. 1,- 357,335. Eng. Pat. 146,212—1920. Oil, fish—U.S.P. 1,021,569. Eng. Pat. 3984—1868. Oil, heavy coal—Eng. Pat. 3984—1868. USP: 913i Oil, lacquer—U'S8.P. 1,647,435. Eng. Pat. 263,175; 263,184. Oil, lard—U.S.P. 91,877; 97,454. Eng. Pat. 3984—1868; 3102—1869. Oil, methyl ester of cocoanut—U.S.P. 1,412,770, Oil, mineral—Eng. Pat. 3984—1868; 11,- 340 —1909. Oil, neats-foot—U.S.P. 158,188. Oil, nitrated—U.S.P. 1,025,217. Oil, nitrated castor—Eng. Pat. 12,840— 1915. Oil, nitro derivatives of—D.R.P. 96,365. Oil, non-drying vegetable—Eng. Pat. 144,012—1919. Oil, nut—Eng. Pat. 21483—1864. Oil, olive—U.S.P. 136,953; 1,217,027; 1,608,743. Oil, oxidized castor—U.S.P. 1,152,625. Oil, oxidized corn—U'S.P. 1,152,625. Oil, oxidized cotton seed—U.S.P. 1,152,- 625. Oil, oxidized linseed—U.S8.P. 1,152,625. Oil, oxidized olive—U.S.P. 1,152,625. Oil, oxidized pine—US.P. 1,653,008; 1,653,009; 1,653,010. Oil, oxidized sperm—U.S.P. 1,152,625. Oil, oxidized vegetable—U.S.P. 1,152,625. Oil, palm—US.P. 1,316,311. Oil, paraffin—U.S.P. 1,217,027. Eng. Pat. 1799—1909. Oil, peanut—U.S.P. 1,608,743. Oil, petroleum—U'S.P. 1,608,742. Oil, polymerized—U'S.P. 1,402,969. Oil, polymerized tung—U.S.P. 1,402,969. 1,124,012; INDEX OF MATERIALS NAMED IN PATENTS CITED 333 Oil, rape—U.S.P. 803,952; 1,590,156; 1,608,743. Eng. Pat. 24,790—1896; 9277—1904; 102,114—1916; 106,336—1916. Oil, sanitas—U.S.P. 578,714. Oil, soy bean—U.8.P. 1,021,569; 1,618,483. Oil, sulfonated castor—U.S.P. 478,955. Eng. Pat. 127,027—1917. See also Turkey red oil. Oil, sulphonated cod-liver—U.S.P. 478,- 955. Oil, sulphonated corn—U.S.P. 1,608,743. Oil, sulphonated palm—U.S.P. 478,955. Oil, sulfonated rape—US.P. 478,955. Oil, sulphonated sesame—U.S8.P. 478,955. Eng. Pat. 1378—1912. Oil, tar—U.S.P. 97,454. Eng. Pat. 3102—1869. Oil, tung—USP. 1,021,569; 1,316,311. Eng. Pat. 17,155—1912. Oil, vegetable—U.S.P. 928,235; 1,562,383 ; 1,582,705. Eng. Pat. 2849—1858; 3984—1868; 1715—1908; 11,840—1909; 102,114— 1916: 106,336—1916; 149,319—1919; 180,705—1920. Oil, vulcanized—US.P. 841,509; 1,025,- 217, Oil, waste seed—Eng. Pat. 11,340—1909. Oil, woods—U.S.P. 981,178. Oil, wood tar—U.S.P. 1,558,446. Oil compounds—Fr. Pat. 429,879. Oil of anise—U.S.P. 269,344; 269,345; 1,199,800; 1,388,472. Oil of aniseed—U.S.P. 1,199,800; 1,388,- 472. Oil of aspic—U.S.P. 894,108. Fr. Pat. 347,303. Oil of Bay—US.P. 503,402. Oil of birch—Eng. Pat. 11,927—1898. Oil of birch tar—U.S.P. 269,340. Oil of cajeput—U.S.P. 503,401. Oil of caraway chaff—U.S.P. 503,401. Oil of caraway seed—US.P. 269,341; 269,344; 507,749. Oil of carvene—U'S.P. 1,388,472. Oil of cassia—U.S.P. 262,077; 478,543; 502,921; 543,197; 1,496,198. Oil of cedar—US.P. 434,330; 471,422; 690,915: 1,388,472. Eng. Pat. 11,927—1898. Fr. Pat. 184,548. Aust. P. 17,684. Oil of cedar leaf—U.S.P. 502,547; 1,199,- 800; 1,388,472. Oil of cedar wood—US.P. 1,199,800; 1,- 310,841. King. Pat. 12,684—1890. Oil of chamomile—U.S.P. 269,343; 269,- 344; 269,345. Oil of cherry—U.S.P. 269,340. Oil of cinnamon—U.S.P. 269,340; 269,- 344; 269,345; 1,199,800; 1,388,472. Oil of citronella—U.S.P. 503,402; 1,199,- 800; 1,388,472. Oil of clove buds—U.S.P. 503,402; 1,199,- 800. of cloves—U.S.P. 269,341; 269,344; 329,313; 1,388,472. of cottonseed, 478,955. Oil of cubebs—U.S.P. 503,402. Oil of cumin—US.P. 269,345. Oil of cynae ether—U.S.P. 269,345. Oil of dill—U.8S.P. 269,344; 269,345. Oil of elecampane—U.S.P. 269,345. Oil of erigeron—US.P. 269,345. Oil of eucalyptus—U.S.P. 269,345; 1,199,- 800; 1,388,472. | Oil of fennel chaff—U.S.P. 269,345. Oil of fennel seed—U.S.P. 269,343; 269,- 344; 269,345; 1,199,800; 1,388,472. Oil of ginger—U.S.P. 503,402. ~ Oil of golden rod—US.P. 269,345. Oil of hedeoma—U.S.P. 1,199,800; 1,388,- 472. Oil of hemlock—U.S8.P. 503,401. Oil of hyssop—U.S.P. 269,341; 269,344. Oil of juniper berries—U.S.P. 1,199,800; 1,388,472. Oil of laurel—U.S.P. 269,340; 269,345. Oil of lavender—U.S.P. 329,313. Eng. Pat. 11,927—1898; 11,397—1907. Fr. Pat. 363,592; 368,004. D.R.P. 12,778. Oil of lemongrass—U.S.P. 502,546. Oil of mace—U.S.P. 1,199,800; 1,888,472. Oil of marjoram—U.S.P. 269,345. Oil of melissa—U.S.P. 269,340. DR Pad2 078: Oil of mirbane—US.P. 518,388; 1,021,- 569. Oil of myrtle—U.S.P. 269,345. Oil of nutmeg—US8.P. 1,199,800; 1,388,- 472. Oil of palmarosa—U.S.P. 269,343; 269,- 345. Oil of peppermint—U.S.P. 269,345; 504,- 905; 1,199,800; 1,388,472. Oil Oi — sulfonated—U.S.P. 334 Oil of pennyroyal—US.P. 269,340; 1,- 199,800; 1,310,841; 1,388,472. Oil of pine needles—U.S.P. 1,199,800; 1,388,472. D.R.P. 314,317. Oil of rosewood—Eng. Pat. 11,927—1898. Oil of rosemary—U.S.P. 269,345; 1,199,- 800; 1,388,472. D.R.P. 17,089. Oil of rue—U.S.P. 269,345; 1,199,800; 1,388,472. Oil of sage—U.S.P. 269,341; 269,344; 1,199,800; 1,388,472. Oil of sandal-wood—US.P. 503,402. Oil of sassafras—U.S.P. 269,344; 269,- 345; 478,543; 504,905; 1,199,800; 1,388,472. Oil of savin—U.S.P. 503,401. Oil of spike—U.S.P. 1,199,800; 1,388,472. Oil of spruce—U.8.P. 503,401; 1,199,800; 1,388,472. of Tansy—U.S.P. 269,341; 269,344; 504,905. Oil of thyme—U.S.P. 1,388,472. Oil of red thyme—U.S.P. 504,905; 1,199,- 800. Oil of valerian—U.S.P. 269,345. Oil of wine—U'S.P. 269,345. Oil of wintergreen—U.S.P. 269,341; 269,- 344; 478,543. Oil of worm seed—US.P. 269,343; 269,- 344; 269,345; 503,401. Oils—U.S.P. 88,948; 91,378; 297,098; 304,229; 329,313; 381,354; 612,066; 612,067; 615,319; 622,727; 631,295; 651,364; 661,263; 695,127; 783,828; 884,475; 909,288; 1,011,181; 1,118,498; 1,131,- 929: 1,135,026; 1,140,174; 1,141,224; 1,217,123; 1,263,186; 1,310,841; 1,316, 311; 1,321,633; 1,821,684; 1,323:624; 1,341,710; 1,356,440; 1,382,077; 1,400,- 430; 1,563,204; 1,563,205; 1,592,338; 1,592,340; 1,626,113. Eng. Pat. 689—1858; 2249—1860; 2143 —1864; 3651—1868; 2484—1878; 959 —1879; 1865—1879; 17,747—1894; 12,693—1896; 27,534—1897; 22,662— 1901; 3450—1906; 4577—1906; 22,528 —1907; 27,201—1908; 26,657—1909; 18,607—1910; 11,728—1911; 15,945— Oil 265,337 ; 366,231 ; 612,553 ; 1911; 20,976—1911; 2425—1913; 16,940—1913; 2326—1914; 3370— 1914; 127,027—1917; 129,033—1917; 122,679—1918; 133,972—1918; 158,586 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER —1919; 164,033—1919; 148,117— 1920; 236,190—1925 ; 246,447; 275,747. Can. Pat. 196,150; 196,925; 196,926. Fr. Pat. 182,495; 339,654; 372,018; 372,599; 421,010; 429,879; 445,638; 459,048; 476,991; 499,703; 517,356; 581,190. D.RP. 66,055; 211,520; 242,786; 279,- 638; 304,224; 336,476. Aust. P. 61,055. Oils, animal and vegetable—Eng. Pat. 171,661—1920, Oils, essential—U.S.P. RI. 11,997; 774,- 713; 1,292,819. Eng. Pat. 6051—1884; 12,684—1890. Oils, fatty acids of wood—U'S.P. 981,178. Oils, high boiling—D.R.P. 324,944. Oils, non-drying—D.R.P. 66,055. Oils, produced from acetylene and coal tar—U.S.P. 1,563,204. Oils, solvents for—Fr. Pat. 416,806. D.R.P. 391,667. Oils, sulphonated—U.S.P. 478,955. Oils, sulphuretted—Eng. Pat. 3345—1891. Oily residue from wood alcohol distilla- tion—Eng. Pat. 231,161—1925; 263,- 175; 263,184. Fr. Pat. 595,155. Aust. Pat. 99,665. Oleates, metallic—US.P. 1,217,027; 1,- — §63,205. Olefines—Eng. Pat. 173,786. Olefines, halogenated—Eng. Pat. 29,963 —1912. Olefine oxides—Eng. Pat. 22,309—1910. Oleic acid—US.P. 1,021,569; 1,608,742. Oleic acid esters—US.P. 695,127. Oleic acid, methyl and ethyl esters of— USP. TAIZ 770. Oleic soap—U.S.P. 1,464,949. Olenthic ether—U.S.P. 1,199,800; 1,388,- 472. Oleoacetin—U.S.P. 598,648. Oleodiacetin—U.S.P. 598,648. Oleogineous matter derived fgom seed waste—U.S.P. 1,131,929. Oleo-resin—Eng. Pat. 6870—1887. US.P. 1,594,521. Oleum andropogon citrati—U.S.P. 502,- 546. Opaque film, preparing—D.R.P. 161,213. Organic acid—D.R.P. 241,781; 276,661; 343,182. : Organic bases—Eng. Pat. 243,722. 5586—1887 ; INDEX OF MATERIALS NAMED IN PATENTS CITED 335 Oxalic acid—US.P. 573,132; 1,089,960. Eng. Pai. 6858—1896 ; 7086—1913 ; 255,- 803. ie Fr. Pat. 454,379. D.R.P. 68,356; 276,661. Oxalic acid, dialkyl esters—U.S.P. 1,309,- 980; 1,309,981. Oxalic acid, esters of—Fr. Pat. 309,963; 535,466. Eng. Pat. 263,076. Oxalic acid, methyl ester of—U SP. 738,533. Oxalic acid, salts of—Eng. Pat. 6858— 1896. Oxalic ether—U.S.P. 269,340. Oxamic acid, esters of—Fr. Pat. 309,963. Oxamid—US.P. 1,534,651. Oxanitic acid, esters of—D.R.P. 128,119. Oxyacetophenone—U.S.P. 598,649. p-Oxybenzophenon—U.8.P. 598,649. Oxybenzylic alcohol, O and P—USP. 1317 276: Oxycellulose—U.S.P. 951,582; 981,178. Oxycellulose, inorganic or organic acid esters of—Fr. Pat. 409,557. Oxygen—US.P. 1,196,144. Oxyphenylbenzyl ketone—US.P. 598,649. See also Benzoin. Ozone—Fr. Pat. 407,862. D.R.P. 216,307. Ozone, treatment of pyroxylin with— USP. 507,749. Ozokerite—Eng. Pat. 8513—1889. Paint—U.S.P. 1,141,224; 1,410,790; 1,562,- 385; 1,562,386. Painting, composition for coating card- board previous to—U.8.P. 690,915. “Palatinol”—Eng. Pat. 277,626. Palm butter—U.8.P. 1,607,090. Palmitic acid, methyl and ethyl esters of—U.8.P. 1,412,770. -Palmitic acid, methyl, ethyl, propyl or amyl ester of halogenized—U.S.P. 962,877. Palmitine—U.S.P. 410,209. Paper—Eng. Pat. 466—1883; 2568—1896 ; 4959—1910; 18,076—1910; 18,607— 1910; 1378—1912; 28,210—1912; 131,- 911—1919. Paper, coating—Eng. Pat. 8,076—1910. Fr. Pat. 379,979; 412,797; 413,901. D.R.P. 175,664; 277,490; 308,615. Paper, coating nitrated—Fr. Pat. 387,537. Paper fabrics, impregnating—D.R.P. 307,771. Paper-flock—U.5.P. 89,582. Paper, irised mother of pearl—Fr. Pat. 431,711. Paper, lacquer for—Eng. Pat. 785—1885 ; 24,955—1902; 202,885—1922. Fr, Pat. 377,039. Paper pulp—Fr. Pat. 463,156. Paper tiles, glazing—Eng. Pat. 8880— 1913. Paper, treatment of—U.S.P. 251,410; 1,141,224. Eng. Pat. 1695—1867 ; 383—1883; 6051— 1884. Para-gum—U.8.P. 1,153,574. Paraffin—U.S.P. 35,687; 91,377; 91,378; 97,454; 158,188; 417,284; 904,269; 1,217,027; 1,866,256; 1,563,205; 1,592,- 338; 1,592,340. Eng. Pat. 3102—1869; 3984—1868 ; 3370 —1914; 128,974—1917. 7 Fr. Pat. 381,195. Pariffin dicarboxylic acids, esters of— US.P. 1,600,700. Paraformaldehyde—U.S.P. 952,724; 1,- 105,619. Paraldehyde—U.SP. 996,191. Eng. Pat. 22,540—1896. D.R.P. 195,312; 343,162; 364,347. Parchment, vegetable, manufacture of— U.S.P. 170,360. Eng. Pat. 33—1883. Parchmentizing coatings—D.R.P. 240,- 563. Paris blue—US.P. 1,426,521. Eng. Pat. 158,521—1918. Parkesine—Eng. Pat. 1695—1867. “Pastol”—Eng. Pat. 277,626. Pearl, films resembling mother of—Eng. Pat. 13,139—1894. Pencils, coating for—U.S.P. 463,039. Pentachlorethane—U.S.P. 1,041,112; 1,- 095,999; 1,105,619; 1,199,800; 1,244,- 107; 1,244,108; 1,244,347; 1,244,348; 1,244,349; 1,388,472; 1,484,427; 1,563,- 205. Eng. Pat. 14,364—1910; 29,273—1910; 20,976—1911. Fr. Pat. 408,396; 417,250; 482,047; 483,- 316. Aust. P. 46,991. Swiss P. 52,438; 63,584; 66,509. Pentaerythritol tetracetate—US.P. 1,- 548932; 1,548,933; 1,552,795. 170,360; 336 Pentane, chlorinated derivatives of— USP. 1,148,258. Perchlorethylene—US.P. 450,714. Eng. Pat. 4744—1911. Fr. Pat. 440,143; 440,133. D.R.P. 266,781. Aust. P. 59,580. Persimmon juice—Jap. Pat. 37,972. Petrolatum—U.S.P. 1,021,569. Petroleum—U.S.P. 35,687; 1,175,791. Eng. Pat, 22,309—1910. Petroleum products—U.S.P. 1,079,773; 1,865,049. Petroleum spirits—U.S.P. 1,529,056. Eng. Pat. 23,544—1912. Fr. Pat. 471,104. Phenols—U.S.P. 1,005,454. Eng Pat. 12,278—1905. Fr. Pat. 441,146; 573,701. Aust. P. 50,656. Phenol-acetone condensation product— USP. 1,158,960; 1,158,961; 1,188,356. Phenol-aldehyde condensation procucs —US.P. 1,563,205. Fr. Pat. 504,847; 508,975; 495,021. Phenols, boron derivatives of—Fr. Pat. 432,264. Phenols, brom-nucleo-substitution prod- ucts—U.S.P. 1,631,468. Phenol bromides—U.S.P. 583,516. Phenol carbonate—Eng. Pat. 17,948— 1900. Phenol-casein film, increasing pliability of—Eng. Pat. 12,277—1905. Fr. Pat. 354,942, Phenol chlorides—U.S.P. 583,516. Phenol citrate—Eng. P. 17,948—1900. 1,079,773; 1,- 262,077 ; Phenol condensation products—Eng. Pat. 18,499—1913. Phenol derivatives—U.S.P. 1,015,155; 1,015,156. Fr. Pat. 432,264; 452,432; 573,701. D.RP. 142,971; 174,914. Aust. P. 47,899. Swiss P. 51,952. Phenol esters—U.S.P. 1,217,123. Eng. Pat. 27,201—1908; 8646—1910; 8647—1910; 28,210—1912; 115,855— 1917. Can. Pat. 150,646; 249,773. Fr. Pat. 402,083. D.R.P. 189,703 ; 322,648. Aust. P. 47,244; 47,679; 53,109. Swiss P. 51,644. A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER Dutch P. 103. Phenol esters of carbonic acid—D.R.P. 139,589. ; Phenol esters of phosphoric acid, halo- genated—D.R.P. 142,832. Phenol ethers—Eng. Pat. 115,855—1917. Fr. Pat. 413,658; 414,680. D.R.P. 322,648. Aust. P. 53,109. Swiss P. 63,585. Phenol ethers, organic esters of—Eng. Pat. 8945—1909. Phenol formate—Eng. Pat. 17,948—1900. Phenol, hydrogenized—D.R.P. 334,761. Phenol-ketone condensation product— Can. Pat. 147,578; 147,579. Phenols, mono and poly—Fr. Pat. 440,- 143. D.R.P. 265,852; 266,781. Aust. P. 59,580. Phenoloxyacetic acid, nitrogen alkylated arylide of—D.R.P. 395,703. Phenol phosphates—Eng. Pat. 6608— 1910 Phenol, phosphoric esters of—Eng. Pat. -23,445—1902; 12,804—1913; 149,319— 1919; 171,661—1920. Fr. Pat. 309,962; 325,585; 414,679. D.R.P. 128,120. Aust. P. 13,838. 413,657; Phenol-sulfamid condensation product —Fr. Pat. 587,133. Phenols, esters of poly—Fr. Pat. 402,083. Phenols, poly-hedric—Eng. Pat. 4744— 1911. Fr. Pat. 440,133. Phenol propionate—Eng. Pat. 17,948— 1900. Phenol resin—U.S.P. 1,094,830. Phenol salicylate—U.S.P. 1,067,785; 1,- 245,476; 1,386,576. D.R.P. 192,666. Phenols, silicon derivatives of—Fr. Pat. 432 264. Phenol, sulpho ethers of—Fr. Pat. 413,- 658; 414,680. Phenol tartrate—Eng. Pat. 17,948—1900. Phenol, thioesters of—Aust. P. 47,244; 47 679; 53,109. Phenol thiophosphate—Eng. Pat. 6608— 1910. Phenoxyacetarylides—D.R.P. 438,849. Phenyl acetamid—U.S.P. 510617; 517,- 987; 553,270; 568,106. INDEX OF MATERIALS NAMED IN PATENTS CITED 337 See also Acetanilid. Phenyl acetanilid—U.S.P. 1,090,642; 1,- 280,279. Fr. Pat. 459,542; Swiss P. 65,139. Phenyl acetate—U.S.P. 797,373. Fr. Pat. 432,264. Phenyl-acet-alpha naphthalid—U.SP. 1,- 090,642; 1,280,279. Fr. Pat. 459,542. Swiss P. 65,139. Phenyl acetyl salicylate—U.S.P. 1,408,- 095. 470,042. Phenyl benzoate—U.S.P. 1,161,063; 1,- 494,476, Phenyl-benzyl-ether—U.S.P. 1,090,648; 1,338,691. Eng. Pat. 4940—1914. Fr. Pat. 459,539; 470,041. Swiss P. 65,459. Phenyl benzyl ketone—U S.P. 598,649. Phenyl benzyl methane—Eng. Pat. 131,- 389—1918. Phenyldiethyl phosphate—Fr. Pat. 606,- 969. Phenyldimethyl 606,969. Phenyl ester of diethyl carbimic acid— US.P. 1,280,278. Phenyl ester of diphenyl-carbamic acid —U.S.P. 1,090,644. Fr. Pat. 459,540. Swiss P. 65,138. Phenyl ester of ethyl phenyl carbamic acid—U.S.P. 1,280,278. Fr. Pat. 470,042. Phenyl ester of phenyl carbamic acid— USP. 1,090,644. Fr. Pat. 459,540. Swiss P. 65,138. Phenyl ethers—U.S.P. 1,388,472; 205. Phenyl ethyl alcohol—U.S.P. 1,199,800; 1,388,472; 1,460,690. Phenyl formanilid—Fr. Pat. 470,042. Phenylglycide—Eng. Pat. 13,239—1912. Fr. Pat. 443,031. Phenylglycide ether—U.S.P. 1,089,910. Phenylglycine, butyl ester of—U.S.P. 1,626,916. Phenylglycine, 1,626,916. Phenylglycine, 1,626,916. Phenyl methyl phosphate— Fr. Pat. 1,563,- methyl ester of—US.P. phenyl ester of—U.S.P. ether—U.S.P. 1,479,955. Phenyl-@-naphthalid—U.S.P. 1,280,279. Fr. Pat. 470,042. Phenyl naphthalene—D.R.P. 140,480. Phenoxyacetic acid, alkylaminoarylides ofi—D.R.P. 395,703. Phenyl naphthyl amine—U.S.P. 1,460,097. : Phenyl phosphoric ester—Eng. Pat. 23,445—1902; 23,445—1902; 3370— 1914. Phenyl phthalate—US.P. 1,398,939; 1,- 405,491. Phenyl propyl alcohol—US.P. 1,444,331. Phenyl salicylate—U.S.P. 1,193,178; 1,- 319,229: 1,608,743. Phenyl urea—U.S.P. 1,090,641; 1,460,097. Fr. Pat. 459,541. Swiss P. 65,925. Phenyl urethane—US.P. 1,090,644; 1,- 280,278. Fr. Pat. 459,540; 470 042. Swiss P. 65,138. Phensithrese20 5 P. 1,338,691. Eng. Pat. 4940—1914. Fr. Pat. 470,041. D.R.P. 336, 476. Phenanthryl-methyl- -ether—U.S.P. 1,090,- 648. | Fr. Pat. 459,539. Swiss P. 65,459. Phenetol—U.S.P. 1,181,859; 600,556; 1,- 479,955. Eng. Pat. 20,975—1911. Fr. Pat. 432,264. See also ethyl phenyl oxide. Phenolates, salts of—Fr. Pat. 482,264. Phenones—US.P. 1,181,860. Phenoxy acetic Hee Sb R.P. 119,636. Phenoxy benzyl alcohol—U.S.P. 1,181,- 860. Phenoylic radical—U.S P. 612,553. Phosphates, aromatic—U.S.P. 1,493,209. Eng. Pat. 230,663—1924. Fr. Pat. 580,882. Phosphoric acid, use of in mfg. of sol- vents—Eng. Pat. 5344—1889. Phosphoric acid, esters of—U.S.P. 700,- 885; 733,110; 830,493. Can. Pat. 200,433. Fr. Pat. 562,667; 581,177; 606,969. Aust. P. 9557. D.R.P. 396,051. Swiss P. 95,376. Phosphoric esters, aromatic—Eng. Pat. 233,874—1925. Fr. Pat. 580,883. 338 Phosphoric acid esters of naphthols—Fr. Pat. 413,657; 414,679. Aust. P. 13,838. Phosphoric acid esters of cresols—I'r. Pat. 413,657; 414,679. D.R.P. 348,629. Phosphoric acid ester of dichlornaph- thol—D.R.P. 142,832. Phosphoric acid esters of phenols—Eng. Pat. 247,174. Phosphoric acid esters from tar oils— D.R.P. 348,628. Phosphoric acid, liquid triaryl esters of —Can. Pat. 229,843. Phosphoric acid triortho cresyl ester— Eng. Pat. 156,095—1919. Phosphorous oxychlorides—D.R.P. 173,- 796. Phosphorous thiochlorides—D.R.P. 173,- 796. Phosphorous trichlorides—D.R.P. 173,- 796. Photographic films—U.8.P. 417,202; 428,- 654; 510,617; 610,861; 1,107,222; 1,133,385; 1,199,799; 1,199,800; 1,205,- 822; 1,216,581; 1,217,027; 1,226,341; 1,226,342; 1,226,343; 1,229,485; 1,229,- 486; 1,229,487; 1,244,107; 1,244,108; 1,244,347; 1,244,348; 1,244,349; 1,265,- 217; 1,350,274; 1,364,842; 1,379,596; 1,380,258 ; 1,400,196; 1,418,413; 1,437,- | 828; 1,487,829; 1,458,505. Eng. Pat. 10,893—1889. Fr. Pat. 387,791; 401,228. D.R.P. 357,484. Photographic films, lacquer for coating —ITS.P. 1,205,822. Eng Pat. 1380,896—-1919. Photographic paper, coating—Fr. Pat. 320,452. Photographs, coating of—-U.8.P. 104,241; 1,411,677. Eng. Pat. 2953—1864; 15,841—1909. Phthalamic acid, esters of—Fr. Pat. 398,- 372. Phthalanilic acid, 308,372. Phthalic acid—Eng. Pat. 4326—1901. Fr. Pat. 308,372. Phthalic acid, alkyl esters—Fr. 416,806. D.R.P. 127,816. Phthalic acid anhydride—US.P. 1,094,- 830. 9992—1902 ; Pat. esters of—Fr. Pat. A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER Eng. Pat. 4326—1901. Fr. Pat. 308,372. Phthalic acid, aralkyl esters—Fr. Pat. 416,806. Phthalic acid esters—U.S.P. 888,516; 1,641,529. Eng. Pat. 13,131—1900; 592—1907; 126,989—1916; 263,076. Fr. Pat. 308,872; 581,177. D.R.P. 127,816. Swiss P. 95,376. Phthalic acid, dichlorethyl ester of— Eng. Pat. 257,258. Phthalic acid, ester or ether of—D.R.P. 276,013. Phthalic acid, methyl ester of—US.P. 738,533. Eng. Pat. 15,914—1894? Phthalic glyceride—U.S.P. 1,590,156. Phthalic glyceride rosin ester—U.S.P. 1,529,056. Phthalide—U.S.P. 1,609,303. Fr. Pat. 605,085. . Phthalonic acid—Eng. Pat. 4326—1901. Phthalonic acid anhydride—Eng. Pat. 4326—1901. Picamar—Eng. Pat. 22,019—1894. Picoline—U.S.P. 1,217,027; 1,563,205. Pigments—U.S.P. 91,377; 91,378; 91,393; 101,175; 105,338; 149,216; 265,337; 329,313; 352,726; 366,231; 491,880; 517,987; 543,108; 568,106; 597,144; 602,797; 774,714; 830,493; 893,987; 904,269; 909,288; 928,235; 1,067,785; 1,076,215; 1,076,216; 1,118,498; 1,124,- 012; 1,181,929; 1,135,026; 1,147,066; 1,195,431; 1,199,798; 1,234,921; 1,249,- 390; 1,301,187; 1,310,841; 1,319,922; 1,320,458; 1,821,633; 1,821,634; 1,323,- 624; 1,329,386; 1,341,710; 1,348,135; 1,356,440; 1,360,759; 1,365,882; 1,400,- 196; 1,406,224; 1,410,790; 1,419,258; 1,425,510; 1,437,170; 1,449,157; 1,456,- 782; 1,488,608; 1,521,055; 1,528,291; 1,529,056; 1,562,385; 1,563,204; 1,564,- 664; 1,583,703; 1,591,652; 1,594,521; 1,618,482; 1,618,484; 1,633,683; 1,641,- 529. Eng. Pat. 3651—1868; 4195—1874; 24841878; 959—1879; 1865—1879; 3345—1891; 3469—1893; 7784—1893; 22,019—1894; 10,103—1896; 24,790— 1896; 9962—1904; 15,912—1905; 4577—1906; 4390—1908; 1378—1912; 6387—1913; 140—1915; 106,375— INDEX OF MATERIALS NAMED IN PATENTS CITED 339 1916; 127,615—1917; 127,678—1917; 122,679—1918; 131,641—1918; 133,972 —1918; 134,899—1918; 149,319—1919; 158,586—1919; 164,033—1919; 180,705 —1920; 236,190—1925; 243,722; 244,- 819; 254,041; 277,989. Can. Pat. 196,150; 196,925; 196,926. Fr. Pat. 408,370; 132,495; 446,627; 465,- 345. D.R.P. 10,210; 256,922; 279,638. Pine resin—Eng. Pat. 21,368—1912. Aust. P, 64,393. Pinol—U.S.P. 996,191. Pitch—U.S.P. 1,397,103. Pitch, Burgundy—U.S.P. 1,330,421. Pitch, Canadian—U.S.P. 1,330,421; 1,392,- 040. Plaster of Paris—U.S.P. 1,392,040. Plaster, waterproof coating—Eng. Pat. 26,079—1913. Plastic—U.S.P. 89,582; 105,338; 150,722; 269,343; 269,344; 286,212; 329,313; 366,231; 428,654; 502,546; 528,812: 548,108; 543,197; 551,456; 552,209; 552,934; 552,935; 553,270; 564,343; 568,105; 568,106; 572,134; 572,135; 583,516; 597,144; 607,554; 651,364; 701,857; 738,533; 774,677; 774,713; 774,714; 830,493; 831,028; 892,899; 894,108; 922,340; 952,724; 974,285; 996,191; 1,005,454; 1,029,341; 1,041,- 113; 1,045,990; 1,076,215: 1,076,216; 1,089,910; 1,107,222; 1,128.468; 1,136,- 248: 1,158,960; 1,158,961; 1,161,063: 1,173,337; 1,175,791; 1,181,859; 1,185,- 074; 1,188,356; 1,188,797; 1,188,798; 1,191,801; 1,195,040; 1,199,395; 1,199,- 800; 1,200,886; 1,203,756: 1,216,581: 1,217,027; 1,226,341: 1,226,342: 1,226,- 343; 1,229,485; 1,229,486; 1,229,487; 1,233,374; 1,244,107; 1,244,108; 1,292,- 819; 1,295,533; 1,316,311; 1,317,276; 1,317,721; 1,339,552; 1,342,601; 1,342,- 602; 1,842,603; 1,848,135; 1,349,146; 1,353,384; 1,353,385; 1,357,335; 1,357,- 614; 1,357,876; 1,364,342; 1,365,882; 1,370,879; 1,379,596; 1,380,258; 1,388,- 472; 1,400,196; 1,402,969; 1,420,028; 1,434,427; 1,437,952; 1,464,949; 1,468,- 820; 1,508,484; 1,538,859; 1,538,860; 1,554,505. Eng. Pat. 12,278—1905; 22,528—1907; 4390—1908; 9313—1908; 19,735— 1908; 27,201—1908; 18,189—1910; 21,719—1910; 27,258—1910; 29,246— 1910; 29,273—1910; 8313—1911; 15,- 945—1911; 13,239—1912; 8283—1913:; 3370—1914; 154,334—1919; 160,225— 1919; 155,778—1920; 156,752—1920; 161,564—1921; 182,820—1921; 192,107 —1921; 205,195—1922: 206,770— 1923; 230,663—1925; 237,900—1925: 247,288. Can. Pat. 129,265; 147,578; 147,579; 214,462; 229,857. Fr. Pat. 295,592; 317,008; 319,542; 319,- 724; 319,926; 320,133; 324,718; 325,- 336; 325,585; 328.658: 331,819: 336,970; 339,081; 347,308; 354,292; 364,690; 368,004; 372,599: 372,512; 374,395; 377,671: 387,537: 388,097: 393,963; 397,429; 402,028; 402,072: 408,396; 413,657; 415,517; 418,744; 421,843; 421,854; 427,804; 428,069; 432,046; 432,047; 436,538; 450,746; 452,432; 459,972: 463,156; 465,345; 470,726; 521,000; 521,370; 535,466; 541,643; 562,667; 573,701; 580,882. D.R.P. 66,055; 85,235; 102,962; 115,681; 119,636; 122,166; 138,783; 168,497; 128,119; 128,120; 139,905; 140,164; 145,106; 151,918; 152,111; 162,239: 176,474; 177,778; 180,126; . 180,208; 189,703; 207,869; 214,398; 214,962: 219,918; 220,228: 238,348; 239,773; 242.467; 246,081; 255,704: 276,013; 287,745; 298,806; 303,018; 319,723; 324.944; 334,983: 343,182: 346,832; 351,103; 353,233; 357,484; 366,116: 367,106; 374,322; 379,343; 395,703; 395,704; 396,051; 399,074. Aust. P. 7052; 47,890; 50,656; 51,094. Swiss P. 52,115. Plasticizer—U.S.P. 491,880; 79,261; 234,- 675; 269,342; 366,231; 384,005; 461,272; 542,692; 568,104; 587,096; 587,097; 598,648; 600,556; 603,001; 690,211; 700,884; 700,885; 738,533; 758,335; 874,879; 888,516; 892,899; 961,360; 996,191; 999,490; 1,027,619; 1,041,113; 1,095,999; 1,158,960; 1,158,- 961; 1,161,063; 1,173,337; 1,193,178; 1,195,040; 1,199,395; 1,199,798; 1,199,- 799; 1,200,886; 1,265,217; 1,292,819; 1,295,533; 1,303,563; 1,309,980; 1,325,- 931; 1,353,385; 1,357,335; 1,357,876; 1,360,759; 1,370,853; 1,370,878; 1,370,- 879; 1,379,596; 1,388,472; 1,392,040; 1,395,905; 1,398,939; 1,402,969; 1,405,- 448: 1,405,490; 1,405,491; 1,408,095; 340 1,430,020; 1,432,364; 1,432,365; 1,437,- 952; 1,441,181; 1,454,959; 1,454,960; 1,454,961; 1,456,782; 1,460,097; 1,462,- 306; 1,468,820; 1,469,862; 1,469,863; 1,473,218; 1,473,219; 1,479,955; 1,493,- 207; 1,501,120; 1,508,483; 1,521,056; 1,528,291; 1,536,052; 1,538,861; 1,548,- 932; 1,548,933; 1,552,795; 1,552,800; 1,552,801 ; 1,552,804; 1,552,805; 1,552,- 806; 1,563,205; 1,564,664; 1,572,232; 1,589,608; 1,598,474; 1,600,700; 1,609,- 303; 1,612,669; 1,617,237; 1,625,416; 1,633,683; 1,641,529. Eng. Pat. 21,995—1895; 8063—1901; 23,445—1902; 24,955—1902; 23,752— 1903; 27,201—1908; 8945—1909; 12,976—1909; 476—1910; 636—1910; 13,100—1910; 14,364—1910; 14,142— 1911; 17,155—1912; 22,623—1912; 28,210—1912; 12,804—1913; 4668— 1914; 13,100—1914; 124,515—1916; 115,855—1917; 129,033—1917; 123,712 —1918; 130,402—1918; 131,369— 1918; 131,384—1918; 131,389—1918; 132,283—1918; 133,353—1918; 154,334 —1919; 160,225—1919; 164,384— 1919; 164,385—1919; 164,386—1919; 146,212—1920; 147,904—1920; 171,661 —1920; 174,660—1920; 179,208— 1920; 177,268—1921; 165,439—1921; 184,495—1921; 190,269—1921; 205,195 —1922; 222168—1923; 230,663— 1925; 237,900—1925; 243,722; 245,- 469; 246,272; 247,174; 247,611; 252,- 328; 257,258; 263,076; 263,175. Can. Pat. 214,462; 230,046; 264,990; 268,571; 271,948. Fr. Pat. 308,372; 325,548; 376,269; 397,- 429: 402,083; 408,370; 409,557; 432,264; 452,432: 456,261; 461,544; 465,345; 470,726; 474,086: 487,350: 489,037; 498,949; 472,423: 535,466; 541,643; 562,056; 573,701; 580,882; 581,177; 581,190; 587,133; 589,732; 605,085; 611,899. D.RP. 12,778; 96,365; 102,962; 115,681; 118,052; 119,636; 122,166; 122,272; 128,119; 128,120; 138,783; 139,905; 140,164; 142,832; 145,106; 152,111; 162,239; 169,782; 172,967; 175,664; 189,703; 221,081; 192,666; 195,312; 195,313; 276,013; 281,225; 298.806; 319,723; 322,619; 324,786; 324,944: 327,376; 334,983; 338,475; 346,832; 348,628; 348629; 350,973; 351,103; A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 351,228 ; 366,116 ; 369,445 ; 353,233; 367,106 ; 369,446 ; 399,074; 404,024: 434,640; 438,849. Aust. P. 28,298; 34,908; 72,493; 46,991. Swiss P. 52,438; 63,136; 76,546; 76,547. Plastic binding composition—U SP. 1,431,455. Plastol—Aust. P. 25,570. Playing cards, lacquer for—U.S.P. 1,623,- 035. Plumbago—U.S.P. 692,102. Polish for lacquers—D.R.P. 17,089; 279,- 127, Polyalcohols—Fr. Pat. 589,732. Polychloraniline, alkylacyl derivatives of —Eng. Pat. 8077—1906. Fr. Pat. 365,297. D.R.P. 180,203; 180,204. Polyolefin glycol, monoethyl ether of— Can. Pat. 260,464. Polysulfides—Eng. Pat. 1378—1911. Polyvalent alcohols, esters of—Fr. Pat. 581,653. Pontianak gum—U.S.P. 1,583,703. Porcelain, lacquer for coating—Eng. Pat. 7676—1900. Poppy oil varnish—Fr. Pat. 446,627. Porosity in films—Eng. Pat. 12,091— 1915; 134,228—1919. Portrait, lacquer for 86,740. Potassium acetate—D.R.P. 93,009. Potassium arsenite—U.S.P. 102,798. Potassium carbonate, use of in manufac- turing solvents—Eng. Pat. 53844— 1889; 7784—1893. Potassium chlorate—U.S.P. 612,066; 1,- 564,689. Potassium hydroxide—US.P. 1,583,709. Potassium lactate—Swiss P. 76,546. Potassium prussiate (yellow)—Eng. Pat. 256,214. Potassium silicate—Fr. Pat. 424,820. Potassium sulphocyanate—D.R.P. 256,- 922. Precipitating agents—Eng. Pat. 29,246— 1910. Pressure, reducing inflammability by— Eng. Pat. 118,891—1917. : Primer—U.S.P. 1,406,498. Printed surfaces, coating for—Eng. Pat. 17,012—1890. 353,234; 366,115; 367,560; 369,536; 391,873; 395,703; 406,013; 412,884; coating—D.R.P. ee a eS ee INDEX OF MATERIALS NAMED IN PATENTS CITED 341 Printers blanket—Eng. Pat. 1919. Printing plates, composition for—Eng. Pat. 29,273—1910. Propion—U\8.P. 470,451; 595,355. Propionic acid, chlorethyl ester of—Eng. Pat. 257,258: Propyl acetanilid—U.8.P. 551,456. Propyl acetate—U.S.P. 381,354; 434,330; 478,955; 491,880; 552,934; 552,935; 1,365,049; 1,482,365; 1,434,465; 1,469,- 825; 1,618,481; 1,618,484. Eng. Pat. 8253—1887; 12,684—1890; 3345—1891; 250,894. Fr. Pat. 553,547. Isopropyl acetate—US.P. 1,482,365; 1,- 434,465; 1,485,071. Propyl aceto acetate—U.S.P. 1,437,952. Propyl alcohol—U.S.P. 410,204; 471,422; 559,824; 1,199,799; 1,265,217; 1,339,- 552; 1,898,239; 1,411,708; 1,429,188; 1,431,905; 1,432,364; 1,437,792; 1,439,- 293; 1,489,656; 1,444,331; 1,458,256; 1,479,955; 1,533,616; 1,548,932; 1,552,- Pee 2,100; 1,502,/98; 1,552,799; 1,552,800; 1,552,801; 1,552,802; 1,552,- 804; 1,552,805; 1,552,806; 1,580,189; 1,599,569; 1,618,483. Eng. Pat. 5791—1887; 194,727—1922; 236,190—1925. Can. Pat. 262,784. Fr. Pat. 184,548; 600,178. Aust. P. 17,684. Isopropyl alcohol—U.S.P. 1,400,196; 1,- 411,708; 1,432,364; 1,444,331; 1,458 - 256; 1,479,955; 1,485,071; 1,580,189; 1,599,569. Propyl amyl oxide—U.S.P. 741,554. Propyl benzoate—Eng. Pat. 15,914—1894. Propyl butyl ketone—U.S.P. 595,355. Propyl butyl oxide—U.S.P. 741,554. Propyl butyrate—U.S.P. 1,482,365; 1,552,- 804. Eng. Pat. 15,914—1894. D.R.P. 192,666. Isopropyl butyrate—U'S.P. 1,432,365. Propyl carbamate—U.S.P. 568,106. Propyl carbanilate—U.S.P. 568,104. Propyl carbonate—U8.P. 1,552,805. Propyl citrate—Hng. Pat. 15,914—1894. Propyl ether—U.S.P. 600,556; 622,727; 1;199,800. Propyl formate—US.P. 1,552,806. Propyl hexyl ketone—U.S.P. 595,355. 144,012— Propyl hippurate—Eng. Pat. 15,914— 1894. Propyl lactate—HEng. Pat. 15,914—1894. US.P. 1,591,652; 1,651,578. Propyl mesitylenate—Eng. Pat. 15,914— 1894. Propyl myristate—U.S.P. 1,094,830. Propyl oxalate—D.R.P. 192,666. Propyl palmitate—U.S.P. 1,094,830. Propyl pentyl ketone—U.S.P. 595,355. Propyl phthalate—HEng. Pat. 15,914— 1894. Isopropyl propionate—US8.P. 1,432,365. Propyl salicylate—Eng. Pat. 15,914— 1894. Propyl stearate—U.S.P. 1,094,830. Propyl succinate—HEng. Pat. 15,914— 1894. Propyl oxalate—Eng. Pat. 15,914—1894. Propyl tartrate—Eng. Pat. 15,914—1894. Propyl toluate—Eng. Pat. 15,914—1894. Propylene chloride—U.S.P. 1,467,071. Propylene chlorhydrin—U.S.P. 1,406,224; 1,408,423; 1,440,178; 1,480,016. Propylene dichloride—U.S.P. 1,397,986. Propylene glycol, ethyl ethers of— USP. 1,644,418. Eng. Pat. 255,406. Can. Pat. 260,466. Prussian blue—U.S.P. 999,490; 1,529,056 ; 1,590,156; 1,608,743. Eng. Pat. 134,899—1918. Pseudo-butylene—Eng. 1914. Pumice—Eng. Pat. 266,363. USP 51.652)303. Pyrazolon derivatives as pyroxylin sol- vents—U.S.P. 566,349. Pyridine—U.S.P. 830,493; 1,217,027; 1,- 429,153; 1,481,845; 1,521,056; 1,563,- 205; 1,648,509. Eng. Pat. 124,763—1916; 243,722. Fr. Pat. 418,347. D.R.P. 352,905. Pyrocatechol diethyl ether—US.P. 1,- 181,859. Pyrogallol diacetate—U.S.P. 1,552,808. Pyrogallol monoacetate—U.S.P. 1,552,- 803. Pyroligneous acid—Fr. Pat. 466,911. Pyroligneous acid, use of in manufactur- ing pyroxylin solvents—U.S.P. 518,- 386. Pyro powder, reducing viscosity of— USP. 1,535,488. Pat. 11,635— 342 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER Pyroxylin—US.P. RI. 13,793; 88,948; Aust. Pat. 17,684. 105,338; 190,865; 209,570; 234,675; Pyroxylin, solvents for—U.S.P. 410,207; 262,077; 269,340; 269,341; 269,342; 410,208; 410,209; 450,264; 470,451; 269,343; 269,344; 269,345; 286,212; 478543; 494,790; 494,793; 495,263; 297,098; 311,203; 329,313; 375,952; 502,546; 602,547; 502,921; 503,401; 381,354; 410,207; 422,195; 428,654; 503,402; 504,905; 507,749; 510,617; 434,330; 463,039; 471,422; 490,195; 517,987; 518,386; 518,387; 518,388; 491,880; 495,263; 502,547; 502,921; 528,812; 542,692; 543,108; 543,197; 503,401; 503,402; 504,905; 507,749; 551,456; 552,209; 552,935; 553,270; 507,964; 510,617; 517,987; 518,386; 555,596; 556,017; 559,823; 559,824; 542,692; 543,108; 543,197; 551,456; 564,343; 566,349; 561,624; 568,104; 552,209; 552,934; 552,935; 553,270; 568,105; 568,106; 572,134; 572,135; 564,343; 566,349; 568,105; 568,106; 583,516; 595,355; 596,662; 598,649; 572,134; 572,135; 583,516; 587,096; 597,144; 598,648; 600,556; 604,181; 587,211; 589,870; 593,787; 596,662; 607,554; 610,728; 610,861; 694,946; 604,181; 607,554; 610,728; 610,861; 741,554; 797,373; 834,913; 855,556; 612,066; 612,067; 612,553; 615,319; 881,827: 900,204; 942,395: 951,445: 621,360; 622,727; 661,263; 690,915; 962,877 ; 972,953; 1,027,617; 1,027,618; 700,884; 701,357; 783,828; 797,373; 1,045,895; 1,082,543; 1,082,573; 1,084,- 861,435; 909,288; 942,395; 962,877; 702; 1,118,498; 1,135,026: 1,148,258; 974 285: 996,191; 1,021,569; 1,118,498; 1,158,217; 1,217,027; 1,234,921; 1,283,- 1,124,012; 1,141,224; 1,147,066; 1,148,- 183; 1,320,458; 1,321,611; 1,321,633; 908; 1,205,822; 1,233,374; 1,234,921; 1,321,634; 1,323,624; 1,341,710; 1,356, 1,242,491; 1,249,390; 1,256,240; 1,266, 440; 1,369,467; 1,397,173; 1,397,493; 073; 1,292,819; 1,315,216; 1,320,458; 1,397,986; 1,398,239; 1,429,174; 1,431,- 1,323,792; 1,329,386; 1,358,653; 1,360,- 906; 1,439,293; 1,485,071; 1,558,446; 759; 1,364,342; 1,369,467; 1,382,077; 1,564,664. 1,400,196; 1,402,969; 1,419,258; 1,449- Eng. Pat. 1125—1856; 1313—1865; 1865 157: 1,456,782; 1,493,207; 1,493,208; —1879; 5791—1887; 8253—1887; 15,- 1,508,483; 1,508,484; 1,534,651; 1,538,- 771—1887; 487—1888; 53441889; 859; 1,538,861; 1,538,862; 1,600,700; 9315—1890; 126841890; 6543— 1,641,529. 1892; 7277—1893; 7784—1893; 15,686 Eng. Pat, 2849—1858; 22491860; 1057 —1893; 22,137—1893; 15,914—1894; —1863; 2953—1864; 1313—1865; 1695 22,019—1894; 6858—1896; 28,613— 1867; 3102—1869; 28021873: 1897; 4326—1901; 5348—1902; 5280— 2484-1878; 9591879; 3072—1882; 1904; 9962—1904; 3450—1906; 413— 5586—1887; 5791—1887; 6870—1887 ; 1908: 6519—1910; 14,293—1910; 22,- 15,771—1887; 10,393—1889; 20,690— 309—1910; 11,728—1911; 3869—1912; 1890; 3345—1891; 6542—1892; 6543 10,222 1912; 21,368—1912; 22,622— —1892; 7688—1892; 3469—1893; 22,- 1912; 226231912; 23,544-1912; 137—1893; 15,327—1894; 6858—1896; 29,963—1912; 2465—1913; 17,953— 17,717—1896; 24,790—1896; 11,927— 1913; 25,182—1913; 24,033—1914; 1898; 20,874—1900; 9962—1904; 11,- 123,628—1918; 123,752—1918; 131,273 928—1907; 18,416—1907; 714—1914; —1918; 132,996—1918; 133,972— 24,033—1914; 140—1915; 7956—1915; 1919; 158,586—1919; 164,032—1919; 12,091—1915; 105,137—1916; 122,456 164,033—1919; 156,096—1920; 173,- —1918; 158,586—1919; 164,032— 786—1920; 211,892—1923; 236,190— 1919; 164,033—1919; 180,705—1920; 1925; 231,161—1925. 276,834. Can. Pat. 109,502; 132,232; 196,150; Fr. Pat. 184,548; 363,592; 363,090; 402,- 196,151; 196,925; 196,926. 569; 488,994. Fr. Pat. 132,495; 383,478; 402,950; 421,- Can. Pat. 78,060; 110,622; 196,925; 058; 439,721; 449,607; 464,617; 472,- 214,462. 423; 553,547. Ger Pat. 66,199; 80,776; 139,905; 152,- DRP. 10,210; 27,031; 40,373; 84,146; 111; 372,856. 86,740; 91,819; 93,009; 140,855; 142,- INDEX OF MATERIALS NAMED IN PATENTS CITED 348 832; 144,648; 212,695; 220,322; 242,467; 248,559; 281,225; 281,265; 352,905; 367,294; 391,667; 402,753. Aust. P. 69,916. Swiss P. 47,559; 59,164; 61,611; 63,137; 63,584. Dutch P. 108. Japanese P. 32,242. Pyroxylin spirit—Eng. Pat. 745—1855. Pulegone—Eng. Pat. 13,1381—1900. D.R.P. 202,720. Pumice—U8.P. 1,012,887. 174,914; 222.777 ; 272,391 ; 302,460 ; 367,560; 201,907 ; 240,751; 280,376 ; 343,162; 381,413; Quartz powder—U.S.P. 1,012,887. Quick lime—Eng., Pat. 15,686—1893. Quinaldine—Eng. Pat. 248,722. Quinaline—Eng, Pat. 243,722. Quinolin—U.S.P. 1,563,205. Radium—US.P. 1,196,144. “Rain-streaks” removing from _ kine- matographs films—Hng. Pat. 2326— 1914. Ramie—Eng. Pat. 8513—1889. Rancidity of oils used in lacquers, pre- venting—U.S.P. 612,066; 612,067; 612,553; 615,319. Rape oil, glyceryl esters of—D.R.P. 350,- 973 Rape seed oil, blown—U.S.P. 1,242,491. Refinishing composition—U.S.P. 1,202,- 495. Resins—U.S.P. 88,948; 91,393; 97,454; 265,337; 286,212; 490,195; 621,360; 631,295; 804,960; 884,475; 888,516; 1,012,887: 1,015,- -156; 1,021,569; 1,118,498; 1,135,026; 1,263,186; 1,310,841; 1,317,721; 1,320,- 458; 1,321,633; 1,321,634; 1,323,624; 1,329,386; 1,341,710; 1,352,741; 1,356,- 440; 1,437,170; 1,449,157; 1,533,616; 1,562,383 ; 1,562,387; 1,563,205; 1,618, 481; 1,618,482; 1,618,483; 1,618,484; 1,641,529. | Eng. Pat. 745—1855; 2359—1855; 1125 —1856 ; 2249—1860; 2675—1864; 2143 —1864; 3984—1868; 3102—1869; 2484—1878; 1865—1879; 1866—1879; 8442—1886; 12,684—1890; 19,456— 1891; 3557—1893; 27,534—1897; 20,- 874—1900; 6751—1905; 5072—1906; 91,377; 209,570; 329 313; 91,378; 251,410; 417,284; 28,415—1908; 1799—1909; 476—1910; 21,719—1910; 10,708—1911; 11,728— 1911; 21,081—1912; 16,940—19138; 714 —1914; 3370—1914; 106,375—1916; 133,972—1918; 158,586—1919; 164,033 —1919; 147,904—1920; 202,835— 1922; 209,633—1923; 236,190—1925; 246,447; 250,894; 263,175; 266,363; 275,653. Fr. Pat. 132,495; 361,954; 363,592; 372,- 599; 387,537; 339,654; 422,819; 445,- 638; 463,156; 476,991; 495,021; 504,- 347; 517,356; 600,178. Can. Pat. 196,150; 196,925; 196,926; 262,784. D.R.P. 10,210; 66,055; 66,199; 102,962; 163,668; 177,778; 188,822; 211,520; 254,193; 277,605; 280,376; 304,224; 336,476; 404,024. Aust. P. 47,899. Swiss P. 51,952; 53,760. Resins, synthetic—USP. 1,651,578. Can. Pat. 260,927. Resins, acaroid—Eng. Pat. 192,107—1921. Resin acid ester—D.R.P. 177,778. Resin acid, amorphous oxidized—Swiss P. 58,760. . Resin ester gum—U.8.P. 1,594,521. Resin extract—Fr. Pat. 483,316. Resin, nitrated—US.P. 1,025,217. Eng. Pat. 15,914—1894. Resin oils—Eng. Pat. 7975—1897. Resin oils, nitrated—Eng. Pat. 15,914— 1894. Resin—oil varnishes—U.S.P. 1,647,435. Resin, pine—D.R.P. 263,404; 272,391. Resin soap—D.RP. 102,962. Resins, solvents for—Fr. Pat. 352,897; 416,806; 472,423; 517,356. D.R.P. 280,376; 391,667. Swiss P. 85,868. Resin varnish—Eng. Pat. 17,449—1909. Fr. Pat. 403,761. Resinates—Fr. Pat. 470,726. Resinates of Al, Sn, Zn, Mn, and Co— D.R.P. 334,761. Resinates, metallic—U.S.P. 1,217,027; 1,- 563,205. D.R.P. 334,761. Resinoleates, metal—Fr. Pat. 374,395; 439,648. Resorcin diacetate—U.S.P. 1,552,792. Eng. Pat. 8945—1909. Resorcinol—U.S.P. 1,552,793. 1,590,156 ; 344 Resorcinol diacetate—U.S.P. 1,552,803. Eng. Pat. 13,100—1914; 115,855—1917. Fr. Pat. 402,083. D.RP. 277,529. Resorcinol monoacetate—US.P. 803. D.R.P. 298,806. Rhamnitediformal—U.S.P. 996,191. Rhodamin—US.P. 1,188,655; 1,188,776; 1,188,777. Eng. Pat. 16,271—1911. Rice starch—D.R.P. 240,188. Ricinoleic acid—D.R.P. 27,031; 175,664. Ricinoleic acid, methyl and ethyl ester of—US.P. 1,412,770. Ricinoleic acid, nitrated—D.R.P. 103,726. Ricinoleic acid, poly—Eng. Pat. 14,142 —1911. . Ricinolein, nitro compounds—Eng. Pat. 21,995—1895. D.R.P. 96,365. Rosin—U.S.P. 234,675; 434,330; 518,386; 555,596; 953,621; 1,166,790; 1,330,421; 1,352,741; 1,392,040; 1,402,969; 1,583,- 703; 1,590,156. Fr. Pat. 372,512; 382,270; 459,006; 470,- 726. DR: 220.322: Swiss P. 64,710. Rubber—U.S.P. 126,698; 904,269; 1,217,- 027; 1,824,154; 1,563,205; 1,583,703. Eng. Pat. 8518—1889; 2264—1902; 24,- 006—1909; 21,081—1912; 105,1387— 1916; 129,.630—1918; 180,705—1920. D.RP. 10,210; 433,656. Rubber cement—US8.P. 1,419,258. Rubber, coating used on—Eng. Pat. 22,- 528—1907. Rubber, imitation—Fr. Pat. 463,622. Rubber resins—U.S.P. 1,105,619. Rubber solution—Eng. Pat. 7087—1914; 12,895—1914. Rubber, substitute for—U.S.P. 651,364. Rust preventing compositions—U.S.P. 1,392,040; 1,397,103. 1,552,- Saccharine matter—US.P. 366,231. Saccharo heptacetate—U.S.P. 830,493. Saccharo monoacetate—U.S.P. 830,493. Saccharo octacetate—US.P. 830,493. Saccharo tetracetate—U.S.P. 830,493. Saccharose acetates—D.R.P. 140,263. Saccharose, esters of—U.S.P. 830,493. D.R.P. 140,263, A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER Safrol—U.S.P. 1,181,859; 388,472. Eng. Pat. 20,975—1911; 124,763—1916. Fr. Pat. 432,264. iso-Safrol—US.P. 1,888,472. Eng. Pat. 124,763—1916. Salacetol—U.S.P. 572,134. Salicylates—U.S.P. 621,382. Salicylic acid—U.S.P. 612,067. Salicylic acid, benzyl ester of—Fr. Pat. 541,643. Salicylic acid esters—U.S.P. 830,493. Salicylic acid, glycol esters of—Fr. Pat. 541,643. Salipyrin—U.S.P. 566,349. Salol—U.S.P. 572,134; 1,199,800; 1,388,- 472. Salts—Eng. Pat. 2249—1860. D.R.P. 93,009. Salts of resin acids—U.S.P. 1,205,822. Sandarac, gum—US.P. 160,010; 434,330; 951,582; 1,021,569; 1,195,673; 1,410,- 790; 1,623,035. Eng. Pat. 33—1883; 6600—1904; 136,- 433—1919; 205,828—1923. Can. Pat. 260,927. Fr, Pat. 361,954; 363,592. Sawdust—U.S.P. 1,464,949. Eng. Pat. 24,790—1896; 156,096—1920. Schreiner finish—U.S.P. 922,295. Eng. Pat. 18,742—1904. Fr. Pat. 351,844. Seals for bottles, etc., composition used for—U.S.P. 190,865. Sebacic acid—Eng. Pat. 17,449—1909. Fr. Pat. 403,761. Sebacic acid, esters of—D.R.P. 139,738; 169,782. Aust. P. 28,298. Sebacylic ether—U.S.P. 269,340. Senegal gum—D.R.P. 240,188. Shale (coal) substances—U.S.P. 262,077; 286,212. Shale, residual distillation products from —US.P. 97,454. Eng. Pat. 3102—1869. Sheen of fabrics, improving—D.R.P. - 212,696. Shellac—U.S.P. 112,870; 126698; 150,- 722; 160,010; 209,570; 251,410; 286,212; 311,203; 422,195; 434,330; 461,272; 463,039; 495,263; 518,386; 555,596; 893,987; 951,582; 952,724; 1,147,066; 1,148,851; 1,195,673; 1,310,- 1,199,800; 1,- 1,181,859; 1,199,800; ae a ee INDEX OF MATERIALS NAMED IN PATENTS CITED 345 841; 1,829,386; 1,352,741; 1,393,290; 1,410,790; 1,425,510; 1,437,170; 1,529,- 056; 1,589,608; 1,612,669; 1,623,035; 1,629,999; 1,651,578; U.S.R.I. 16,803. Eng. Pat. 2675—1864; 1208—1871; 1866 —1879; 33—1883; 15,771—1887; 12,- 684—1890; 25,675—1896; 18,744— 1901; 18,383—1905 ; 4577—1906 ; 24,587—1906; 22,528—1907; 10,708— 1911; 16,810—1911; 8126—1914. Can. Pat. 260,927. Fr, Pat. 363,592; 463,156. D.RP. 10,210; 17,089; 177,778; 244,566; 176,121. Swiss P. 66,510. Japanese P. 37,972. Ship hulls, paint for—US.P. 1,397,103. Shoe heels, lacquer for—Can. P. 238,217. ‘ Eng. Pat. 202,154—1922. US.P. 1,607,516. Shoes, inner sole for—Eng. Pat. 12,839— 1915: 12,840—1915. Sienna, burnt—U8.P. 1,521,056. Silex—U.S.P. 1,594,521. Silica—U.S.P. 294,557. Fr. Pat. 325,336; 495,000. Silica, colloidal—Eng. Pat. 10,320—1910. Fr, Pat. 402,569. Silicates, alkaline—Eng. Pat. 1912. Silicates, amyl—U.S.P. R.I. 13,793; 794,- 581. Eng. Pat. 14,293—1910. Silicates, ethyl—U.8.P. R.I. 18,793; 794,- 581. Silicates, methyl—US.P. RI. 794,581. Eng. Pat. 14,293—1910. Silicate, potassium—U.S.P. 1,012,887; 1,- 496,198. Eng. Pat. 27,283—1910. Fr. Pat. 436,245. PRP. 239,773. Swiss P. 58,686. Silicate, sodium—US.P. 1,012,887. Eng. Pat. 27,283—1910. Fr, Pat. 436,245. Swiss P. 58,686. Silicates, soluble—U.S.P. 1,496,198. Eng. Pat. 2802—1873. D.R.P. 239,773. Silicates, water soluble—U.S.P. 1,012,887. Fr. Pat. 436,245. Swiss P. 58,686. Silicic acid—Eng. Pat. 7899—1914. 17,953— 13,793 ; Silicic esters—U.S.P. 794,581. Silicon—U.S.P. 1,196,144. Silicon chlorides—U.S.P. 1,496,198. Silicon hydroxides—U.S.P. 1,496,198. Silver metal—U.S.P. 1,652,587. Silver paints—Eng. Pat. 22,610—1891; 7688—1892. Silver powder—Eng. Pat. 7688—1892. Size—Eng. Pat. 4195—1874. Fr, Pat. 372,018; 417,027. Silk, artificial—U.S.P. 1,029,341. Silk coating—Eng. Pat. 20,092—1899. DP 5120977. Skins, coating for—D.R.P. 244,566. Skin, lacquer for coating—U.S.P. 627,- 296; 628,463. Skins, waterproofing—Eng. Pat. 16,810— 1911. Slate—Eng. Pat. 6600—1904. Slate powder—Eng. Pat. 266,363. Smokeless powder—Eng. Pat. 177,536— 1922. D.R.P. 296,591. Soaps—US.P. 1,140,174; 1,217,123; 1,- Oli, fal: Eng. Pat. 22,662—1901; 1799—1909; 17,449—1909; 1378—1912; 12,091— 1915. Fr. Pat. 403,761. Aust. P. 61,055. Soda—US.P. 1,173,337. Soda ash—U'S.P. 1,652,587. Soda solution—U.S.P. 1,140,174. Aust. P. 61,055. Soda-turkey-red-oil—U.S.P. 1,140,174. Aust. P. 61,055. Sodium acetate—U.S.P. 1,554,505; 1,636,- 319. Sodium benzoate—U.S.P. 612,067; 621,- 382. Sodium bichromate—Eng. Pat. 24,214— 1907. Sodium borate—U.S.P. 1,554,505. Sodium carbonate—D.R.P. 241,781. Sodium carbonate (anhydrous)—U.S.P. 884,475. Eng. Pat. 4390—1908. Sodium casein—Eng, Pat. 14,293—1910. Sodium chloride—Fr. Pat. 421,854. Sodium citrate—U.S.P. 1,636,319. Sodium hydroxide—US.P. 1,583,709. Sodium hypo phosphite—U.S.P. 1,431,- 900 Sodium oleate—Eng. Pat. 206,520. - Sodium oxalate—U.SP. 1,636,319. 346 Sodium ricinoleate—Fr. Pat. 387,791. Sodium salicylate—U.S.P. 612,067. Sodium silicates—U.S.P. 1,496,198. Fr, Pat. 424,820. D.RP. 239,773. Sodium sulfocarbolate—U.S.P. 612,553. Sodium tungstate—U.S.P. 1,131,929. Eng. Pat. 24,695—1893; 3450—1906; 18,607—1910; 28,848—1910. Fr. Pat. 433,012; 433,013. Softening and toughening agents— U.S.P. 1,316,311. Solvents, compound—U.S.P. 1,432,364; 1,432,365; 1,434,432; 1,434,465; 1,434,- 634; 1,437,792; 1,441,143; 1,444,331; 1,450,714; 1,450,715; 1,450,716; 1,464,- 169; 1,464,170; 1,467,071; 1,467,091; 1,467,092; 1,467,094; 1,467,095; 1,467,- 096; 1,467,097; 1,467,098; 1,467,099; 1,467,100; 1,467,101; 1,467,102; 1,467,- 103; 1,467,104; 1,467,105; 1,469,812: 1,469,813; 1,469,816; 1,469,825; 1,469,- 826; 1,473,217; 1,473,218; 1,473,219; 1,479,955; 1,488,608; 1,494,469; 1,494,- 470; 1,494,471; 1,494,472; 1,494,473; 1,494,474; 1,494,475; 1,494,476; 1,500,- 366; 1,518,417; 1,599,569. Eng. Pat. 16,932—1910; 243,031. Can. Pat. 249,773. Soot—Eng. Pat. 1378—1912. Spar varnishes—U.S.P. 1,647,435. Spirit stain—US.P. 953,621. Spraying lacquers—U.S.P. 922,295; 1,- 141,224. Eng. Pat. 18,383—1905; 18,268—1914. Stabilizers—U.S.P. 514,838; 589,870; 593,787; 617,450; 621,382; 774,713; 979,431; 1,045,990; 1,050,065; 1,067,- 785; 1,090,641; 1,090,642; 1,090,643; 1,090,644; 1,280,278; 1,280,279; 1,338,- 691; 1,348,741; 1,358,653; 1,552,793; 1,552,794; 1,552,803; 1,626,916. Eng. Pat. 22,384—1893; 4940—1914; 17,501—1914; 222,168—1923; 243,722. Can. Pat. 214,462. Fr. Pat. 393,310; 415,518; 418,347; 459,- 539; 459,540; 459541; 459,542; 470,041; 470,042. D.R.P. 191,454; 296,591; 312,392. Swiss P. 65,138; 65,139; 65,459; 65,925. Stannic chloride—US.P. 150,722. D.R.P. 268,627; 281,374. Stannous chloride—U.S.P. 150,722. Eng. Pat. 9982—1908. Fr. Pat. 387,537; 421,854. A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER Starch—U.S.P. 981,178; 1,382,077. Eng. Pat. 17,449—1909; 1779—1910; 149,319—1919. Fr. Pat. 319,542; 403,761. D.R.P. 168,497; 238,361. Starch acetate—U.S.P. 884,475; 1,317,721. Can. Pat. 270,537. Stearic acid—Eng. Pat. 24,006—1909. U.S.P. 1,607,090; 1,608,742; 1,626,113. Fr, Pat. 422,763. Aust. P. 3034/18. Stearic acid, chlorinated—U.S.P. 855,- 556; 1,094,830. Stearic acid, methyl, ethyl, propyl, or amyl ester of halogenized—US.P. 962,877. 7 Stearin—U.S.P. 904,269; 1,217,027; 1,645,- 141. Eng. Pat. 2359—1855; 275,747. Stearone—U.S.P. 410,209. Stencil sheets—U.S.P. 1,592,338; 1,592,- 380; 1,594,525; 1,607,090; 1,608,742; 1,608,743 ; 1,626,113; 1,639,080; 1,645,- 141. Eng. Pat. 275,747. Can. Pat. 270,537. Strength of films, increasing—Eng. Pat. 179,234—1921. Strontia—Eng. Pat. 8823—1891. Strontium—U.S.P. 1,196,144. Strontium caprylate—U.S.P. 951,582. Strontium chloride—Fr. Pat. 344,501. D.R.P. 214,398. Succinic acid, esters of—Eng. Pat. 13,- 131—1900. Succinic acid, use of in manufacture of pyroxylin solvents—U.S.P. 502,921. Sugar—US.P. 1,140,174; 1,217,123; 1,- 431,455. Eng. Pat. 2256—1856; 2143—1864; 1378 —1912. D.R.P. 168,497. Aust. P. 61,055. Sugar, acetylated—U.S.P. 1,317,721. Sugar glycerine—U.S.P. 1,415,059. Sulfamid, aromatic—Fr, Pat. 573,701. p-Sulfamido-amyl-ester—U.S.P. 758,335. Sulfamidobenzoic acid—US.P. 758,335. Sulfamidoethylester—U.S.P. 758,335. . Sulfanilid—D.R.P. 319,723. Sulfates, insoluble—Eng. Pat. 1906. Sulfides—Eng. Pat. 1378—1911. Sulfoacid, alkyl ether of aromatic—Fr. Pat. 295,592. 3450— INDEX OF MATERIALS NAMED IN PATENTS CITED 347 Sulfo-acids, aromatic derivatives of— ' USP. 942,395. Sulfobenzid—U.S.P. 572,135. See also diphenyl sulfon. Sulfocarbanilid—U.S.P. 572,135. also S-diphenylthio-carbamide. Sulfocarbolates—U.S.P. 612,553. Sulfo compounds, aromatic—U.S.P. 1,- 015,156. Aust. P. 47,899. Swiss P. 51,952. Sulfomargaric acid—Eng. Pat. 27,102— 1909. Sulfonal (diethylsulfone dimethylmeth- ane)—U.S.P. 572,135. Sulfonamides, alkyl—US.P. 1,353,385. Sulfonamides, alkylated derivatives of— Eng. Pat. 164,384—1919; 164,385— 1919; 164,386—1919. Sulfonamide, monomethyl—US.P. 1,- 353,385. Sulfonamide, p-toluene USP. 1,353,385. Sulfones—Eng. Pat. 1378—1912. Sulfonic acids, aromatic—Eng. 25,484—1899; 1378—1912. Sulfonic acid esters of phenol, naph- thol and cresols—Fr. Pat. 413,657; 414,679. Sulfopalmitic acid—Eng. Pat. 27,102— 1909. Sulfophenic derivatives of halogen— Fr. Pat. 397,429. Sulforicinoleates—Fr. Pat. 374,395. Sulforicinoleic acid—Eng. Pat. 27,102— 1909. Sulfoxides—Eng. Pat, 1378—1912. D.R.P. 399,074. Sulfur—US.P. 651,364; 701,357; 285; 1,196,144; 1,431,845; Eng. Pat. 6600—1904. Fr. Pat. 421,843. D.R.P. 66,055; 277,605 Sulfur dioxide—Eng. Pat. 11,635—1914. Sulfur dioxide, liquid—Can. Pat. 234,322. D.R.P. 402,753. Sulfuric acid—U.S.P. 894,108; 1,588,089. Eng. Pat. 1125—1856; 15,841—1909; 1378—1911; 3612—1912. Fr. Pat. 364,690. D.R.P. 240,563. Sulfuric acid, use of in preparing py- roxylin solvents—U.S.P. 494,790; See monoethyl— Pat. 974, 1,431,455. 494,791; 494,792; 494,793; 518,386; 518,387; 518,888; 559,823; 954,310. Eng. Pat. 7277—1893; 2568—1896. Sulfurous acid—U.S.P. 265,337; 927,674. Eng. Pat. 1865—1879; 1866—1879; 789 —1914. Fr, Pat. 182,495. D.R.P. 10,210 Sunlight, protecting US.P. 1,647,435. Surface, treatment of before applying lacquer—Eng. Pat. 255,803. lacquer from— Talc—U.S.P. 294,557; 999,490; 1,012,887. Eng. Pat, 27,534—1897. Fr. Pat. 340,622. Tannic acid—Eng. Pat. 491—1885. Tanning material, incorporation of in celluloid solvents—D.R.P. 267,992. Tar—U.S.P. 91,378; 91,393; 651,364. Tar, coal—U.S.P. 284,970; 1,397,103. Tar, creosote—U.S.P. 1,431,455. Tar, mineral—US.P. 91,377. Eng. Pat. 3984—1868. D.R.P.. 307,771. Tar, phenol—U.S.P. 1,431,455. Tar, pine—U.S.P. 1,392,040. Tar products—Eng. Pat. 16,940—1913. Fr. Pat. 476,991. Tar, vegetable—U.S.P. 91,3877; 294,557. Eng. Pat. 3984—1868; 26,079—1913. Tar, wood—Eng. Pat. 294,557. Fr. Pat. 466,911. D.R.P. 28,972; 307,771. Tartaric acid—U.S.P. 1,089,960. Eng. Pat. 6858—1896; 7086—1913; 129,033—1917. 255,803. Fr. Pat. 454,379; 499,703. D.R.P. 276,661. Tartaric acid, salts of—Eng. Pat. 129,- 033—1917. Teeth, coating—Eng. Pat. 3178—1871. Terpenes—Eng. Pat. 12,277—1905; 714— 1914. Fr. Pat. 354,942. Terpene series, aldehydes of—Fr. Pat. 418,347. Terpineol—U.S.P. 1,199,800; 1,388,472. Eng. Pat. 127,615—1917; 127,678— 1917. DBP. 27.041, Terpinyl acetate—U.S.P. 1,199,800; 1,- 388,472. Textile fibers, applying metal coatings to—Eng. Pat. 24,289—1903. 348 Tetra and trichlor anthracenes—U.S.P. 1,354,726. Tetrachlorethane—U.S.P. 1,105,619; 1,- 181,858; 1,181,859; 1,181,860; 1,185,- 514; 1,191,801; 1,397,103; 1,408,035; 1,420,028; 1,431,845; 1,432,364; 1,432,- 365; 1,439,293; 1,458,505; 1,563,205; 1,591,652. Eng. Pat. 24,006—1909; 29,273—1910; 20,976—1911; 21,015—1913; 128,274— 1916; 129,630—1918; 182,820—1921; 189,942—1922; 190,694—1922; 200,186 —1922; 231,161—1925. Fr. Pat. 418,347; 421,848; 432,047; 427,562; 432,264; 436,900; 427,818; 432,388; 452,482; 456,729; 477,294; 483,316; 553,547; 595,155. D.RP. 242,786; 281,265. Aust. Pat. 99,665. Swiss P. 63,584; 66,488; 66,509. See also Acetylene tetrachloride. Tetrachlorethylacetanilid—U.S.P. 1,041,- 117; 1,041,118; 1,136,248; 1,188,798; 1,216,581; 1,229,485; 1,229,486; 1,229, 487: 1,244,107; 1,244,108; 1,244,347; 1,244,348; 1,244,349. Tetrachlornaphthalene — U.S.P. 601; 1,854,726; 1,508,189. Tetrachlor naphthol—D.R.P. 142,832. Tetrachlorophenol—U.S.P. 1,094,830. Tetra ethyl monosilicate—Eng. Pat. 10,- 320—1910. Fr. Pat. 402,569. 1,342,- Tetrahydro benzyl ketones—Fr. Pat. 409,557. Tetrahydronaphthalene—U.S.P. 1,441,181. Tetrahydronaphthol acetate—D.R.P. 433,656. Tetrahydronaphthol, esters of—Eng. Pat. 241,858. Can. Pat. 259,475. Tetranitrocellulose—U.8.P. 573,132; 756,- 176; 894,108. Tetra - nitrotri - naphthyl - phosphate —US.P. 733,110. Eng. Pat. 4883—1902. Tetraphenyl urea—Aust. P. 27,060. Textiles, acetylating—Fr, Pat. 320,885. Textiles, impregnating with lacquer—Fr. Pat. 379,589; 392,270. Textiles, making impermeable—D.R.P. 224,330. Textile tissues, coating—KEng. Pat. 28,- 210—1912. Fr. Pat. 320,885. A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER Thinners—Eng. Pat. 184,173. Thiocelluloses—U.S.P. 830,493. Thiocyanates—Eng. Pat. 177,268—1921. D.R.P. 268,627. Thiodiglycollate—D.R.P. 434,640. Thiophosphoric acid, liquid triaryl esters of—Can. Pat. 229,843. Thioureas—D.R.P. 312,392. Thorium—U.8.P. 1,196,144. Thujone—Eng. Pat. 13,131—1900. Thymochinon—US.P. 607,554. Thymol—U.8.P. 607,554; 774,713; 774,- 714. Eng. Pat. 12,278—1905. Fr. Pat. 354,942. Tin chloride—U.S.P. 1,400,430. Eng. Pat. 7975—1897; 128,659—1917. Tin metal—Eng. Pat. 959—1879. US.P. 1,652,587. Tin oxide—U.S.P. 1,345,354. Tin protochloride—Eng. Pat. 16,330— 1887. Fr. Pat. 410,973. Tinfoil capsules, lacquer for—Aust. P. 56,488. Tires, composition for stopping punc- tures in—U.S.P. 587,211. Tissues, rendering impermeable—Fr. Pat. 431,090. Titanium oxide—US.P. 1,301,187; 1,365,- = (BBR Can. Pat. 201,913. p-Toluene alkyl amide—Eng. Pat. 25,- 434—1899. p-Toluene chlorsulphonic acid—Fr. Pat. 379,589. Toluene, dibrom—U.S.P. 1,552,799. o & p Toluene diethyl sulfonamid— USP. 1,454,959; 1,454,960; 1,454,- 961; 1,508,928. Eng. Pat. 154,834—1919. o & p Toluene dimethyl sulphonamid— US.P.. 1,454,959; 1,454,960; 1,454,- 961; 1,508,928. Eng. Pat. 154,334—1919. Toluene, methyl, ethyl, amyl sulphone of—D.R.P. 366,116. o & p Toluene, methyl, ethyl, sulpho- namide—U.8.P. 1,508,928. Toluene ortho or para monoethyl sul- phonamide—U SP. 1,466,819; 1,620,- 977. Toluene, monobrom—U'S.P. 1,552,799. Toluene, mono-, di-, or tri-nitro—U.S.P. 1,306,440. INDEX OF MATERIALS NAMED IN PATENTS CITED 349 Eng. Pat. 4940—1914. o-Toluene monoethyl sulphonamide— Eng. Pat. 1383,353—1918. p-Toluene sulfamid—US.P. 758,335. Fr, Pat.p87,138. p-Toluene sulfamido acetic acid—US.P. 758,335. p-Toluene sulfamidoethyl ester—US.P. 758,335. p-Toluene sulfanilid—U.S.P. 758,335. p-Toluenesulfoacid ethyl ester—USP. 758,335. p-Toluenesulfo-acid phenyl ether—U.S.P. 758,335. p - Toluene sulphoamid - formaldehyde resin—U.S.P. 1,564,664. Toluene sulphoanilid—Eng. Pat. 192,107 —1921. p - Toluenesulfo - p - chloranilid—U-S.P. 758,335. p-Toluenesulfo-cresol—U.S.P. 758,335. p-Toluenesulfo-diethylamid—U S.P. 758,- 335. p - Toluenesulfo - diphenylamin—US.P. 758,335. p-Toluenesulfo-ethylamid — US.P. 758,- 335. p-Toluenesulfo-ethylanilid—US.P. 758,- 335. p- Toluenesulfo-methylanilid — U.S.P. 758,335. p-Toluene sulphonamid—Eng. Pat. 25,- 434—1899. 1).R.P, 122,272. p-Toluenesulfonaphthol—U.S.P. 758,335. p-Toluenesulfo-alpha-naphthol — US.P. 758,335. p- Toluenesulfo - alpha - naphthylamin— US.P. 758,335. p - Toluenesulfo - beta - naphthylamin — USP. 758,335. p-Toluene sulphonic acid, methyl ester— USP. 788,533. p-Toluene sulphonic chloride—Eng. Pat. 11,928—1907. p - Toluenesulfo - 0 - phenetidin — USP. 758,335. p - Toluenesulfo - p - phenetidin— USP. 758,335. p-Toluenesulfo-phenyl hydrazin—U SP. 758,335. p-Toluenesulfo-o-toluid—U.S.P. 758,335. p-Toluene - sulfo - dicyclo - hexylamin— USP. 1,200,886. 738,538 5 Eng. Pat. 9270—1914. p-Toluenesulfo-p-toluid—U.8.P. 758,335. p-Toluenesulfo-m-xylidid—U.S.P. 758,- 335. Toluic acids—U.S.P. 1,161,063. Toluidine—U.S8.P. 1,217,027. o-Toluidin—U SP. 1,140,174; 1,217,123. Aust. P. 61,055. Toluidine, bromo-nucleo- substitution products of—U.S.P. 1,641,413. Toluidine, diacetyl derivatives of—Fr. Pat. 482,264. p-Toluidine, 3-5 dibromo—U.S.P. 1,641,- 413. Toluidine, diformyl derivatives of—Fr. Pat. 432,264. Toluol—U.S.P. 1,015,155; 1,015,156; 1,- 195,673; 1,217,027; 1,310,841; 1,821,- 633; 1,323,624; 1,353,385; 1,397,173; 1,397,493; 1,398,239; 1,411,677; 1,437,- 170; 1,439,656; 1,441,143; 1,449,156; 1,458,256; 1,469,816; 1,488,608; 1,529,- 056; 1,533,616; 1,562,383 ; 1,562,385 ; 1,562,387 ; 1,563,205; 1,564,664; 1,589,- 608: 1,612,669; 1,618,481; 1,618,482; 1,618,483; 1,618,484; 1,629,999 ; 1,651,- 578; US.RI. 16,8038. Eng. Pat. 7975—1897; 17,282—1904; 12,976—1909; 29,246—1910; 25,182— 1913; 158,586—1919 ; 194,727; 236,190 —1825; 250,894; 256,229. Can. Pat. 196,925; 260,927; 262,784. Fr. Pat. 411,126; 412,797; 423,774; 482,- 264; 472,423; 517,356; 600,178. DRP. 249,535; 284,672; 307,075; 314,- 317; 336,476. Aust. P. 47,899; 54,512. Swiss P. 51,952; 52,115. Toluol, alkylated or halogenated deriva- tives of—U.S.P. 1,469,816. p-Toluol dialkyl amide—Fr. Pat. 295,- 592. Toluol, nitro derivatives of—Fr. Pat. 483,316. Toluol, polyhalogen derivatives of—Fr. Pat. 483,316. p-Toluolsulfamid—Fr. Pat. 573,701; 587,- 133. p-Toluol sulfo acid alkyl ester—D.R.P. 122,272. Toluolsulfoacid amyl ester—Eng. Pat. 156,095—1919. p-Toluol sulfo alkyl and dialkyl amide —D.R.P. 122,272. Fr. Pat. 295,592. 350 p-Toluol sulfonamid — U.S.P. 1,199,799; 1,226,343; 1,265,217. p-Ethyl-toluol-sulfonamid —US.P. 1,- 143,979; 1,188,797; 1,188,798; 1,188,- 799; 1,188,800; 1,199,395; 1,203,756; 1,226,339; 1,226,340; 1,226,341; 1,226,- 342; 1,229,485; 1,229,486; 1,229,487; 1,244,107; 1,244,108; 1,244,347; 1,244,- 348: 1,244,349; 1,620,977. p-Toluol sulfochloride—US.P. 942,395. Eng. Pat. 26,201—1905. Toluol sulfonamid—US.P. 1,244,107; 1,244,108; 1,244,347; 1,244,348; 1,244 349; 1,041,113. Swiss P. 52,115. Toluol sulfonic acid ethyl ester—Swiss P. 52,115. Tolyl alcohol, chlor—U.8.P. 1,370,853. Tolylbenzyl alcohol—U.S.P. 1,370,853. Tolypyrin—US.P. 566,349. Tolyl ricinoleate—U.S.P. 1,612,669. Tolysal—US.P. 566,349. o-Tolyl-urethane—U.S.P. 1,280,278. Fr. Pat. 470,042. Toughing cellulose Pat. 324,718. Toughness, imparting—Eng. Pat. 177,268 : eat composition—Fr. Tracing cloth, varnish for—Eng. Pat. 184,173. Tragacanth, gum—Eng. Pat. 2256—1856. Triacetin—U.S.P. 1,298,199; 1,325,931; 1,426,521; 1,431,845; 1,449,156; 1,449,- 157; 1,454,959; 1,454,960; 1,454,961; 1,456,782; 1,458,505; 1,488,294; 1,521,- 055; 1,521,056; 1,529,056; 1,607,090; 1,608,743: 1,626,113. Eng. Pat. 5633—1914; 124,515—1916; 124,763—1916; 114,304—1917 ; 127,615 —1917; 127,678—1917; 131,369— 1918; 131,669—1918; 1388,379—1918; 158,521—1918; 142,615—1919; 164,384 —1919; 164,385—1919; 164,386— 1919; 189,942; 202,154 1922; 243,030. Can.. P, 238,217. Fr. Pat. 417,250; 432,264; 463,622; 470,- 726; 498,949; 521,476. D.R.P. 281,374; 319,723. See also acetin; glyceryl triacetin. Triacetone mannite—U.S.P. 996,191. Triacetyl-o, o’ dimethylol p-cresol— D.R.P. 395,704. Triarylphosphate—Fr. Pat. 562,056. Tribenzyl amine—US.P. 1,494,473. A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER Tribenzyl phosphate—US.P. 1,370,853; 1,538,860. -Tribromophenol—U SP. 1,631,468. Tributyl phosphate—US.P. 1,589,608. Tributyrin—U.S.P. 1,572,232. Tricetylcellulose—U.S.P. 951,582. Trichloraniline—U.S.P. 1,015,156. Eng. Pat. 1441—1910. Fr. Pat. 412,797. Aust. P. 47,899. Swiss P. 51,952. Trichlorethane—U.S.P. 1,181,860; 1,439,- 293. Eng. Pat. 12,406—1910. Fr. Pat. 432,047; 553,547. Swiss P. 63,584. Trichlorethylacetanilid—Eng. Pat. 154,- 157—1919. Trichlorethyl citrate—U.S.P. 568,105. Trichlorethylene—U.S.P. 1,079,773; 1,- 105,619; 1,181,858; 1,181,860; 1,188,- 800; 1,195,673; 1,229,486; 1,242,783; 1,529,056; 1,563,205. Eng. Pat. 12,406—1910; 4744—1911; 20,976—1911; 17,953—1913; 13,100— 1914, Fr. Pat. 432,047; 440,133; 440,143; 456,- 729; 464,617. D.R.P. 266,781. Aust. P. 59,580; 69,916. Swiss P. 66,509. Trichlorhydrin—U.S.P. 1,041,114; 1,244,- 107; 1,244,108; 1,244,347; 1,244,348: 1,244,349. Trichlormethyl acetanilid—U.S.P. 1,041,- 117; 1,041,118; 1,136,248; 1,216,581; 1,244,107; 1,244,108; 1,244,347; 1,244, 348: 1,244,349. Trichlornaphthalene — U.S.P. 1,354,726. Trichlornitromethane—U.S.P. 893,634. Eng. Pat. 5891—1907. Fr. Pat. 376,399. 1.1.1-trichloro-2-methyl propanol—Eng. Pat. 195,849—1922; 205,195—1922. Fr. Pat. 562,056. See also Trichlortertiary butanol and chloretone. 2.4.6 trichlorophenoxy-acetic acid, cy- clohexyl esters of—D.R.P. 374,322. Trichlortertiary butanol—See Chlor- etone and also 1.1.1 trichloro-2- methyl propanol. U.S.P. 1,536,052. 1,354,725 ; INDEX OF MATERIALS NAMED IN PATENTS CITED 351 Trichlorphenol—U.S.P. 1,067,785 ; 1,245,- 476; 1,319,229; 1,386,576. Eng. Pat. 10,794—1910. Tricresylcarbonate—U.8.P. 700,884. Tricresyl phosphate—U.8S.P. 700,885; 1,- 041,113; 1,041,115; 1,041,116; 1,041,- 117; 1,041,118; 1,067,785; 1,128,468; 1,217,027; 1,233,374; 1,244,107; 1,244, 108; 1,244,347; 1,244,348; 1,244,349; 1,245,476 1,292,819; 1,319,229; 1,353, 384; 1,386,576; 1,394,505; 1,405,449; 1,405,487; 1,411,708; 1,418,413; 1,429,- 153; 1,429,169; 1,429,188: 1,430,020; 1,431,905; 1,432,373; 1,434,426; 1,434,- 432: 1,434,465; 1,437,792: 1,441,181; 1,444,331; 1,444,406; 1,450,714; 1,450, 715; 1,450,716; 1,454,959; 1,454,960; 1,460,690; 1,464,169; 1,464,170; 1,467,- 071; 1,467,091; 1,467,092; 1,467,093; 1,467,094; 1,467,095; 1,467,096; 1,467,- 097; 1,467,098; 1,467,099; 1,467,100; 1,467,101; 1,467,102; 1,467,103; 1,467,- 104; 1,467,105; 1,468,820; 1,469,812; 1,469,816; 1,469,825; 1,469,826; 1,460,- 097; 1,469,862; 1,469,863; 1,473,217; 1,473,218; 1,473,219; 1,479,955; 1,488, 608; 1,493,207; 1,493,209; 1,493,210; 1,494,469; 1,494,470; 1,494,471; 1,494,- 472; 1,494,473; 1,494,474; 1,494,475: 1,494,476; 1,500,366; 1,501,206; 1,508,- 928; 1,518,417; 1,528,291; 1,529,056; 1,530,987; 1,534,651; 1,538,858; 1,538,- 860; 1,538,861; 1,538,862; 1,548,932; 1,548,933 ; 1,552,793; 1,552,794; 1,552, 795; 1,552,796; 1,552,797; 1,552,798; 1,552,799; 1,552,800; 1,552,801; 1,552,- 802; 1,552,803; 1,552,804; 1,552,805; 1,552,806; 1,552,808; 1,562,386; 1,564,- 664; 1,575,778; 1,583,709; 1,608,743; 1,620,977 ; 1,630,752; 1,633,067; 1,641,- 529; 1,651,578. Eng. Pat. 6608—1910; 10,794—1910; 6387—1913; 127,678—1917; 133,353— 1918; 1382,283—1918; 154,384—1919; 156,095—1919; 164,384—1919; 164,385 —1919; 164,386—1919; 156,096— 1920; 179,208—1920; 236,190—1925; 230,663—1925 ; 237,900—1925 ; 243,614. Fr. Pat. 432,264; 440,955; 521,370; 521,- 476; 562,667; 597,132. D.RP. 128,120. Aust. P. 9557. Tricresylphosphate, halogen derivatives of—Eng. Pat. 156,096—1920. o-Tricresyl phosphate—US.P. 1,140,174; 1,217,123. Eng. Pat. 28,210—1912. Fr. Pat. 456,261. Aust. P. 61,055. Tricresyl thiophosphate—U.S.P. 733,110. Eng. Pat, 4883—1902; 156,096—1920. D.R.P. 140,164. Tricresylthiophosphate, halogen deriva- tives of—Eng. Pat. 156,096—1920. Triethyl citrate—U.S.P. 568,105. Triethylidene mannit—US.P. 996,191. Triisobutyl citrate—U.S.P. 568,105. Trimethyl citrate—U.S.P. 568,105. Trinaphthylcarbonate—U.S.P. 700,884. - Trinaphthyl phosphate—U.S.P. 700,885; 1,440,178. Eng. Pat. 6608—1910. Fr, Pat. 482,264. D.R.P. 128,120. Aust P. 9557. Trinaphthyl thiophosphate—D.R.P. 140,- 164. Trinitrocellulose—Eng. 1910. Trinitrochlormethane—D.R.P. 206,471. Trinitro-methyl phenol (tri-nitroanisol) —U.S.P. 951,445; 974,900. . Tri-nitrophenetol—U.S.P. 974,900. Trional (diethylsulfon-methylethylmeth- ane) —U.S.P. 572,135. Trioxyacetophenon—U.S.P. 598,649. Trioxybenzophenone—U.8.P. 598,649. Trioxymethylene—FYr. Pat. 587,133. Triphenyl phosphate—U.S.P. 700,885; 1,- 027,619; 1,041,113; 1,041,115; 1,041,-— 116: 1,041,117; 1,041,118; 1,045,990; 1,050,065; 1,067,785; 1,128,468; 1,133,- 385; 1,143,979; 1,181,860 1,188,356; 1,188,797 ; 1,188,799; 1,188,800; 1,193,- 178; 1,199,798; 1,199,799; 1,203,756; 1,217,027 1,226,340; 1,226,342; 1,226,- 343; 1,229,486; 1,229,487; 1,233,374; 1,242,783; 1,244,107; 1,244,108; 1,244,- 347; 1,244,349; 1,245,476; 1,265,217; 1,292,819; 1,298,199; 1,809,980; 1,309,- 981; 1,315,216; 1,319,229; 1,353,384; 1,354,725; 1,854,726; 1,363,763; 1,379,- 596; 1,386,576; 1,388,472; 1,394,505; 1,394,890; 1,405,449; 1,405,487; 1,408,- 095; 1,411,708; 1,418,413; 1,429,153; 1,429,169; 1,429,188; 1,430,020; 1,431,- 905; 1,482,873; 1,434,426; 1,434,432; 1,434,465; 1,437,792; 1,440,006; 1,440,- 178; 1,441,181; 1,444,331; 1,444,406; Pat. 14,293— 302 1,450,714; 1,450,715; 1,450,716; 1,453,- 764; 1,454,959; 1,454,960; 1,454,961; 1,458,505; 1,460,690; 1,462,806; 1,464,- 169; 1,464,170; 1,467,071; 1,467,091; 1,467,092; 1,467,093; 1,467,094; 1,467,- 095; 1,467,096; 1,467,097; 1,467,098; 1,467,099; 1,467,100; 1,467,101; 1,467,- 102; 1,467,103; 1,467,104; 1,467,105; 1,468,820; 1,469,812; 1,469,816; 1,469,- 825; 1,469,826; 1,460,097; 1,469,862; 1,469,863; 1,473,217; 1,473,218; 1,473,- 219; 1,479,955; 1,488,294; 1,494,469; 1,494,470; 1,494,471; 1,494,472; 1,494,- 473; 1,494,474; 1,494,475; 1,494,476; 1,500,366 ; 1,501,206; 1,508,928; 1,518,- 417; 1,528,291; 1,529,056; 1,530,987; 1,536,052; 1,538,859; 1,538,860; 1,538,- 861; 1,548,932; 1,548,933; 1,552,793; 1,552,794; 1,552,795; 1,552,796; 1,552,- 797; 1,552,798; 1,552,799; 1,552,800; 1,552,801; 1,552,802; 1,552,803; 1,552,- 804; 1,552,805; 1,552,806; 1,552,808; 1,562,386; 1,564,664; 1,583,709; 1,590,- 156; 1,607,090; 1,608,748; 1,620,977. Eng. Pat. 8072—1901; 6608—1910; 10,- 794—1910; 10,795—1910; 12,804— 1913; 124515—1916; 127,678—1917; 133,353—1918; 131,669—1918; 132,283 —1918; 138,379—1918; 154,157— 1919; 154,884—1919; 164,3884—1919; 164,385—1919; 164,3886—1919; 179, 208—1920; 206,770—1923; 209,727— 1923; 2387,900—1925; 277,627. Can. Pat. 175,107; 198,265. Fr, Pat.) "8128175. 416,517; 415 Biss 432,264; 440,955; 482,239; 498,949; 501,700; 521,370; 521,476; 597,132. D.R.P. 128,120; 162,239; 263,056; 303,- 018; 319,723. Aust. P. 9557: Triphenyl thiophosphate—D.R.P. 164. Tripropyl citrate—U.S.P. 568,105. “Troocher”—Fr. Pat. 372,018. Tungsten—US.P. 1,196,144. Tungstic acid—Eng. Pat. 7899—1914. Turkey red oil—U.S.P. 1,217,123; 1,608,- 743. See also oil, castor sulphonated. Turnbull’s blue—U.S.P. 1,521,056. Turpene, hydrochlorinated—U.S.P. 596,- 662. 140,- Terpene hydrocarbons, oxidized—Fr. Pat. 393,310. Turpentine—U.S.P. 35,687; 102,798; 251,- A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 410; 495,263; 502,921; 507,749; 555,- 596; 578,714; 651,364; 756,176; 841,509; 909,288; 1,124,012; 1,823,792; 1,431,455; 1,469,816. Eng. Pat. 1866—1879; 33—1883; 5791— 1887; 17,747—1894; 12,693—1896; 7676—1900; 20,874—1900; 7088— 1902; 5280—1904; 18,268—1914; 140—1915; 127,678—1917. Fr. Pat. 319,724; 342,464; 424,820. D.R.P. 10,210; 86,740; 188,822. Jap. P. 37,972. Turpentine chloride—Fr. Pat. 322,506. Turpentine, oil of—U.S.P. 1,175,791; 1,- 217,027; 1,563,205. Eng. Pat. 7784—1893. Fr. Pat. 363,592; 429,166; 435,417. Turpentine, polymerized oil of—US.P. 881,827. Turpentine, Russian—U.S.P. 1,021,569. Turpentine, spirits of—US.P. 18,338; 262,077; 381,354; 434,330; 471,422; 518,388; 928,235. Eng. Pat. 12,684—1890. Fr. Pat. 184,548; 472,423. Aust. Pat. 17 684. Turpentine and sulfuric acid, polymer- ization products of—Eng. Pat. 13,- 023—1907. Fr. Pat. 376,269. Turpentine, venetian—U.S.P. 112,370; 695,127; 951,582. Eng. Pat. 1208—1871; 466—1883; 4577 —1906. Fr. Pat. 477,294. 102,798 ; Ulexite—U.S.P. 1,534,651. Ultramarine—US.P. 1,196,144. Eng. Pat. 131,641—1918. Fr. Pat. 387,791. Ultra violet rays, effect of on solubuies of nitrocellulose—US.P. 1,397,915. Undercoating compositions—U.S P. 1,- 425,510. Unona selanica—U.S.P. 894,108. Eng. Pat. 11,397—1907. Fr. Pat. 368,004. Uranium—US.P. 1,196,144. Urea—U.S.P. 514,838; 1,027,619; 1,045,- 990; 1,050,065; 1,067,785; 1,133,385; 1,199,798; 1,245,476; 1,309,980; 1,309,- 981; 1,315,216; 1,319,229; 1,360,759; 1,386,576; 1,394,890; 1,408,095; 1,456,- 782; 1,529,056; 1,538,861. INDEX OF MATERIALS NAMED IN PATENTS CITED 3853 Eng. Pat. 22,384—1893; 10,795—1910; 179,208—1920; 243,722. Fr. Pat. 415,518; 530,440. D.R.P. 263,056; 312,392. Urea acetate—U.S.P. 589,870. Fr. Pat. 328,658. Urea, aliphatic derivatives of—Eng. Pat. 133,353—1918; 164,884—1919; 164,386 —1919; 243,722. D.R.P. 178,133. Urea salts of benzoic acid—U.S.P. 617,- 450. Urea butyrate—U.S.P. 589,870. Ureas, compound—Fr. Pat. 364,604. Urea, condensation products of—D.R.P. 404,024. Urea, diethyldiphenyl—U.S.P. 831,488. Urea formate—US.P. 589,870. Urea, mono-, di-, and tri-ethyl—U.S.P. 1,353,385; 1,454,959; 1,454,960; 1,454,- 961; 1,501,206; 1,508,928; 1,528,291; 1,530,987. Fr, Pat. 521,370. Eng. Pat. 132,2883—1918; 154,334—1919. Urea, mono-, di-, and _ tri-methyl— U.S.P. 1,353,385; 1,454,959; 1,454,960; 1,454,961 ; 1,501,206; 1,508,928; 1,528,- 291; 1,530,987. Eng. Pat. 132,283—1918; 154,334—1919; 179,208—1920. Fr, Pat. 521,370. Urea salts of naphthoic acid—U SP. 617,450. Urea propionate—U'S.P. 589,870. Urea salts of salicylic acid—US.P. 617,- 450. Ureas, substituted—U.S.P. 1,303,115; 1,- 310,489. Eng. Pat. 20,037—1906; 21,493—1906; 155,778—1920; 164,385—1919. D.R.P. 191,454. Urea sulphate—U.S.P. 593,787. Ureas, sulpho—Eng. Pat. 21,493—1906. Urea, tetraphenyl—US.P. 831,488. Urea, thio or halogen derivatives of— Eng. Pat. 155,778—1920. D.R.P. 191,454. Urea valerate—U.S.P. 589,870. Urethanes—U'S.P. 1,803,115; 1,310,489; 1,348,741. Eng. Pat. 131,389—1918. D.R.P. 312,392. Valeraldehyde, dichlor—U.S.P. 372,100. Valeraldehyde, monochlor—U.S.P. 372,- 100. Iscvaleric aldehyde—US.P. 410,206. Valeric ether—U.S.P. 269,340. Valeron—U.S.P. 470,451; 595,355. Vanadium—US.P. 1,196,144. Vanillin—U.8.P. 697,790. Eng. Pat. 8063—1901. Can. Pat. 78,060. Varnish, copal—Eng. Pat. 5413—1886. Varnish, dammar—U.S.P. 1,419,258. Varnish, French—U.S.P. 1,452,219. Varnish—lake—Eng. Pat. 246,447. Varnish, mastic—Eng. Pat. 130,896— 1919. Varnish, non-inflammable—Fr. Pat. 521,- 476. Varnish, resin—U.S.P. 463,039; 490,195; 805,466. Eng. Pat. 19,456—1891. Varnish, spirit—U.S.P. 104,241. Eng. Pat. 1057—1863; 2802—1873; 4195—1874; 21,455—1893. Varnish, white shellac—Eng. Pat. 104,- 742—1916; 209,633—1923. Vaseline—U.S.P. 1,217,027. Vaseline oil—U.S.P. 1,217,027. Eng. Pat. 11,927—1898. Fr, Pat. 421,848. Vegetable acids—U.S.P. 1,464,949. Vegetable black—Eng. Pat. 134,899— 1918. Vegetable essences—Fr. Pat. 422,819. Vegetable, gum—U.8.P. 893,987. Vegetable matter—Eng. Pat. 2249—1860; 21 ,455—1893. Vegetable powders—U.S.P. 1,185,074. Velvet, coating to make dustproof—Fr. Pat. 459,048. Veratrol—U.S.P. 1,181,859. Victoria blue—U.S.P. 1,181,858. Vinylique ethers, polymerization prod- ucts of—Fr. Pat. 474,086. Viscose—U.S.P. 1,400,196; 1,464,949. Eng. Pat. 1878—1912; 8283—1913. ID.RP? 312.392; Aust. Pat. 61,055. Viscosity, preservation of—Eng. Pat. 129,033—1917; 136,927—1919; 200,- 186—1922. Fr. Pat. 499,703. Viscosity, increasing—Fr. Pat. 418,347. Viscosity, reduction of—U.S.P. 1,375,208; 1,400,430; 1,411,669; 1,439,656; 1,- 354 494,469; 1,494,470; 1,494,472; 1,494,- 471; 1,494,473; 1,494,474; 1,494,475; 1,494,476; 1,535,438; 1,548,938; 1,553,- 494; 1,553,495; 1,564,689; 1,588,089; 1,598,949; 1,598,972; 1,633,292; 1,635,- 013; 1,636,319; 1,648,509; 1,652,587. Eng. Pat. 128,659—1917; 136,141—1918; 177 5386—1922; 194,727. Fr. Pat. 454,379; 505,438. Viscosity, variation of plasticizer with— Eng. Pat. 114,304—1917. Visibility of aeroplanes, reducing—Eng. Pat. 131,369—1918. Vivianite—U.S.P. 1,534,651. Walls, coating porous—Fr. Pat. 466,911. Walls and wall paper, lacquer for— US.P. 340,026. Eng. Pat. 4668—1885. Walls, water proof coating for—Eng. Pat. 26079—1913. Washable surface, imparting to linen— Eng. Pat. 23,547—1909; 7899—1914. Fr. Pat. 381,195. D.R.P. 241,820; 242,786. Water—U.S.P. 107,977; 1,105,619; 1,140,- 174; 1,175,791; 1,188,797; 1,199,395; 1,226,339; 1,226,341; 1,415,059; 1,425,- 173; 1,431,900; 1,652,587. Eng. Pat. 24,214—1907; 19,735—1908; 3559—1910; 12,091—1915; 127,027— 1917; 154,157—1919; 156,095—1919; 164,374—1919; 164,377—1919; 138,- 078—1920; 246,272. Fr. Pat. 319,542; 319,926; 372,018; 377,- 039; 393,963; 424,820; 429,166; 519,- 536. D.R.P. 210,519; 211,520; 240,188; 254,- 385; 265,911; 281,874; 314,317; 383,699; 406,426. Aust. P. 61,055. Water, making films impervious to—Fr. Pat. 475,351. Water glass—Eng. Pat. 13,189—1894. D.R.P. 357,484. Waterproofing composition—U.S.P. 35,- 687; 112,370; 158,188; 311,203; 578,- 714; 587,096; 603,001; 612,066; 612,067; 612,553; 615,319; 622,727; 697,790; 861,435; 874,879; 1,131,929; 1,133,062; 1,165,179; 1,263,186; 1,355,- 586; 1,382,077; 1,392,040; 1,431,455; 1,481,845; 1,481,485. Eng. Pat. 2359—1855; 1125—1856; A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 1208—1871; 3345—1891; 2568—1896; 17,602—1897 ; 8063—1901 ; 592—1907; 22,528—1907; 28,7483—1908; 1799— 1909; 11,340—1909; 24,006—1909; 18,607—1910; 4253—1911; 16,810— 1911; 17,155—1912; 21,081—1912; 26,079—1913; 140—1915; 106,375— 1916; 129,630—1918; 155,778—1920. Can. Pat. 78,060. Fr. Pat. 422,763; 433,012. D.R.P. 180,489; 241,781; 253,984; 319,- 723; 336,476; 347,014. Aust. P. 3034/13. Jap. P. 37,972. See also Wood, waterproofing compo- sition for. Wavellite—U.S.P. 1,534,651; . Wax—uUS.P. 88,948; 91,377; 97,454; 417,- 284; 893,987; 904,269 +) PMT OAs 1,366,256; 1,563,205; 1,594,525. Eng. Pat. 3102—1869; 3984—1868; 27,- 534—1897 ; 20,874—1900; 5072—1906; 23,547—1909; 21,719—1910; 16,940— 1913; 714—1914; 3370—1914; 128, 974—1917; 122,679—1918; 275,747. Fr, Pat. 339,654; 476,991. D.R.P. 266,384. Wax (bees)—U.S.P. 1,217,027; 1,366,256; 1,623,035. Eng. Pat. 128,974—1917. Wax, Japan—US.P. 1,217,027; 1,594,525. Eng. Pat. 244,543. Wheat flour—US.P. 904,269. Wheel rims, lacquer for—Eng. Pat. 18,- 268—1914. White (Chinese)—U.S.P. 1,419,258. White lead—U.S.P. 1,406,498. Eng. Pat. 8126—1914; 148,117—1920. Fr, Pat. 520,404. White spirit—Eng. Pat. 254,041. Whiting—Eng. Pat. 148,117—1920. Wine, spirits of—U.S.P. 265,337. Eng. Pat. 1865—1879. Fr. Pat. 132,495. Wires, insulating telegraph—US.P. 91,- 378; 91,393; 101,175; 284,970; 375,- 952; 461,272; 695,127; 1,025,217. Eng. Pat. 2249—1860. Wood alcohol, oxidized—U.S.P. 269,340. Wood, enamel for—Eng. Pat. 15,1912— 1905; 24,587—1906; 13878—1912. Fr. Pat. 356,444. W 00d-filling—US.P. 160,010; 953,621. Wood flour—US.P. 999,490. Wood naphtha—U.S.P. 265,337; 269,342. INDEX OF MATERIALS NAMED IN PATENTS CITED 355 Eng. Pat. 2675—1864; 1125—1856; 714 —1914; 1865—1879. Fr. Pat. 182,495. Wood pulp—Eng. Pat. 22,528—1907. Wood sizing—U.8.P. 160,010. Wood spirits—U.S.P. 470,451. Eng. Pat. 745—1855; 18,383—1905; 3450—1906; 26,079—1913; 205,446— 1923. Fr. Pat. 416,843. See also Methyl al- cohol. Wood stain—U.S.P. 953,621. Wood tar oil distillates—U.S.P. 1,590,- 156. Wood, waterproofing composition for— USP. 112,370; 490,195. Eng. Pat. 2359—1855; 1208—1871; 6051 —1884: 10,108—1896; 20,874—1900; 24,955—1902; 18,076—1910; 131,911— 1919; 131,916—1919. Can. Pat. 100,547. D.R.P. 17,089; 241,781. Wool, coating—Eng. Pat. 20,092—1899. D.R.P. 241,781. Xylene alkyl sulfonamids—Eng. Pat. 179,208—1920. Xylene diethyl sulfonamid—US.P. 1,- Atte ; 1,454,960; 1,454,961; 1,530,- 987. Eng. Pat. 154,334—1919. Xylene dimethyl monoethyl sulfonamids US.P. 1,353,384. Xylene dimethyl sulfonamid—US.P. 1,- 353,384. Eng. Pat. 154,334—1919. Xylene, methyl, ethyl and amy] sulfones of—D.R.P. 366,116. Xylene methyl ethyl sulfonamid—US.P. 1,454,959; 1,454,960; 1,454,961; 1,530,- 987. Eng. Pat. 154,334—1919. Xylene mono-ethyl sulfonamid—U.S.P. 1,466,819. . Xylene monomethyl sulfonamid—US.P. 1,353,384. Xylene - o - monomethyl USP. 1,528,291. Xylene sulfonamids—Eng. Pat. 132,283— 1918. Xylenes, nitro—US.P. 1,306,440. Xylidin, secondary—Eng. Pat. 156,095— 1919. sulfonamid — Xyloidine—U.S.P. 91,377; 91,378; 97,454; 101,175. Eng. Pat, 3984—1868; 3102—1869. Xylol—U.S.P. 1,195,673; 1,217,027; 1,- 323,624; 1,398,239; 1,411,677; 1,431,- 905; 1,487,170; 1,489,656; 1,458,256; 1,469,816; 1,529,056; 1,533,616; 1,562,- 383; 1,562,385; 1,562,387; 1,563,205; 1,618,481: 1,618,482; 1,618,483; 1,618,- 484; 1,629,999; U.S.R.I. 16,803. Eng. Pat. 25,182—1913; 158,586—1919; 194,727; 236,190—1925; 250,894; 254,- 041; 256,229. Can. Pat. 260,927; 262,784. Fr. Pat. 432,264; 600,178. D.R.P. 314,317; 336,476. Swiss P. 67,708. Xylol, alkylated or halogenated deriva- tives of—U.S.P. 1,469,816. Xylonite—Eng. Pat. 17,012—1890. Xylonite, solvent of—Eng. Pat. 1356— 1898; 130,896—1919. Xylyl acetate—D.R.P. 353,233. Xylyl chloride—D.R.P. 336,476. p-Xylylene chloride—D.R.P. 336,476. Yarn, metallizing—Fr. Pat. 452,727. Yeast—U.S.P. 1,317,721. Yellow ochre—Eng. Pat. 134,899—1918; 131,641—1918. Zanzibar gum—U.S.P. 1,583,703. Zapon lac—Fr, Pat. 424,820. Zapon varnishes—D.R.P. 281,373. Zinc acetate—U.S.P. 1,636,319. Zinc antomoniate—U.S.P. 1,538,860. Zine butyl phthalate—Can. Pat. 260,927. Zinc chlorate—U.S.P. 612,066. Zinc chloride—U.S.P. 612,066; 627,296; 1,140,174; 1,217,123; 1,400,430. . Eng. Pat. 21,485—1892; 11,927—1898 ; 3450—1906; 4890—1908; 1799—1909; 1799—1910; 7418—1913; 128,659— 1917; 179,234—1921. Fr. Pat. 455,811; 347,303; 351,555; 374,- 395. D.R.P. 93,009; 241,781; 255,704; 238,- 361; 256,922; 268,627; 281,374. Aust. P. 61,055. Zinc chloride, basic—Eng. Pat. 3072— 1882. Zinc iodide—U.S.P.. 612,066. Zinc metal—U.S.P. 1,652,587. 356 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER Zine oxide—U.S.P. 294,557 ; 329,313; 597,- 144° (774,713: > 861.435; “1201187 - 1,310,841; 1,329,386; 1,431,455; 1,464,- 949; 1,521,056; 1,529,056; 1.594,521; 1,618,481; 1,618,482; 1,639,080. Eng. Pat. 491—1885; 21,485—1892; 124,763—1916; 131,641—1918; 236,190 —1925; 250,894. Can. Pat. 110,622. Fr. Pat. 456,729; 470,726. D.R.P. 260,915. Zinc oxychloride—U.S.P, 1,534,651. Eng. Pat. 3072—1882. Zinc resinates—U.S.P. 1,410,790. Zinc resinoleate—Fr. Pat. 374,395. Zinc stearate—U.S.P. 1,608,743. Zinc sulphide—Eng. Pat. 14,293—1910. Zinc sulphates—US.P. 149,216. D.R.P. 260,915. Aust. P. 27,202 Zinc white—U.S.P. 149,216; 999,490; 1,015,156; 1,147,066; 1,185,074; 1,452,- 219; 1,453,764. Eng. Pat. 10,103—1896; 7975—1897; 8618—1908; 18,189—1910; 8126— 1914. Fr. Pat. 418,744; 469,872. Aust. P. 47,899. Swiss P. 47,559; 51,952. Zirconium—US8.P. 1,196,144. oe ee es a ee ey eS a a ee ae Oe ee. © INDEX OF AUTHORS OF PATENTS AND LITERATURE CUM OD, Abbott, W. G., 76 Ach, Lorenz, 53 Ackard, J., 205 Adams & Elting Co., 50 Adler, J., 64 Ago Lederkitt Industrie Ges., 209, 231 Ahrle, H., 64, 156 Akester, W. H., 32 Aktien Gesellschaft fiir Anilin Fabrika- tion, 66, 149, 162, 163, 194, 210, 211, 222, 224, 243, 245 Aleo Deo Co., 99 Alderman, E. T., 122 Alexander, A. E., 165 Alexander, W., 86 Alford, E. C., 259 Allaire, H., 152, 199, 225 Allemann, O., 65 Alpe, R. J., 164 . Alsee, J. C., 269, 273, 275 Amen, N. C., 133, 183 Amend, O. P., 30 American Can Co., 114 American Cellone Co., 85, 95 American Cellulose and Chemical Manu- facturing Co., 85, 117 American Zylonite Co., 29, 30, 31 Anders, G. L., 141 Andres, L. E., 249, 254 Annison, F. G., 42 Annison, R. H., 150 Arbezcarme, L., 197 Arent, A., 89, 102, 170, 171 Arent, Laboratories A., 102 Arlington Manufacturing Co., 36, 41 Armstrong, M. S., 274 Arnold, C. E., 69, 75, 150, 187 Arosio, M., 85, 170 Arsem, W. C., 250 Assadas, S., 152, 198, 199 Asselot, M. E., 144 Asser, E., 234, 235 Athol Manufacturing Co., 90, 91 Atlas Powder Co., 88, 91, 116, 122, 125, 129, 130, 131, 135, 180, 189 Atsuki, K., 257, 262, 263 Aurynger, J. J., 113 Austerweil, G., 243 Authes, M., 152 Axtell, F., 35, 39, 42 Aylsworth, J. W., 49, 52, 61 Babcock, J., 25 Babis, H. A., 82, 89 Bachrach, C., 47 Bachrach, David, 23, 44 Bacigalupi, A. E., 157 Backhaus, A., 99 Bacon, G. C., 91, 122 Bader, W., 117 Badische Anilin u Soda Fabrik, 65, 70, 126, 150, 159, 160, 164, 172, 182, 196, 197, 208, 210, 222, 223; 224° 220 230. ae 232, 235, 239, 241, 248, 244, 245, 48 Baer, S8., 130 Bainbridge, B. G., 185 Bainbridge, E. F., 261 Baker, B. D., 164, 179 Baker, F., 60, 61, 77, 78, 82, 163, 210, 252 Baker, T., 169 Baldwin, G., 263 Balke, P., 108, 172 Balle, G., 238 Barnwell, S., 136 Barr, A. J. A. W., 169 Barrett, M, J. P., 255 Barton, L. E., 87 Bary, P., 267 Basler, J. & Cie, 224 Beadle, G. W., 65 Bearn, J. G., 249 Beatty, W. A., 65, 67, 160, 162, 186, 209, 242 Beau, H., 192 Beausejour, R. A., 124 Beck, A. and J. Nicholson & Sons, 171 Becker, T., 46, 53 Beegle, F. M., 269, 273 Behal, A., 48, 149, 195 Belli. Bs 212 Bell, M. G., 274 Belnisch, H., 231 Bendix, J., 148, 194 Benger, E. B., 254 Benjinger, O. L., 198 Bennett, S., 39, 144 Benrath, P., 57 Bentley, H. A., 44 Benzinger, O. L., 151 Berard, P. H. G., 136 Berend, L., 51, 228 Best, T. F., 189 357 308 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER Bethisy, L. L., 50, 145, 151, 194, 195, 197, Bevan, E. J., 148, 219 Bindewald, H., 149, 186, 196 Bing, L., 236 Bittner, C., 272 Bittner, H., 145 Blackmore, H. S8., 186 Bladen, W. C., 55 Blake, D., 23, 1387 Blanchin, A., 196 Blitz, A. B., 147 Blochmann, R., 263 Blum, J., 199 Bock, L., 262 Boehringer, C. F. & Soehne, 53, 226 Bogin, C., 17, 126, 138, 184, 189, 257, 273 Bohan, F. J., 115 Bohmer, L., 231 Bondet, ay 197 Bonnaud, J. B. ee 45, 147, 186, 224, 241 Bonner, W dies Bonwitt, G., he 215, 234 Booge, ., E,, 94, 188 Borgmeyer, C. Fe 34, 35 Borzykowski, B., 157 Bradford Dyers’ Association, Ltd., 48, 149, 195, 226 Branchen, L. F., 125 Bredel, H., 257 Bregeat, J. H., 179, 216 Bregeut, M. A., 262 Breguet, A., 277 Brendel, H., 257 Bretean, P., 201 Bridgman, J. A., 273 Brifco, Ltd., 178 Briggs, J. F., 227 Briggs, O. H., 254, 256 British Aeroplane Varnish Co., 168 British & Continental Camphor Co., Ltd., 205 British Cellulose & Chemical Manu- facturing Co., 169, 172, 175, 176, 177 British Emaillite Co., 77, 167, 168, 214 British Patent Surfrite Co., 163 British. Thompson-Houston Co., 147 British Zylonite Co., 147 Britton, B. F., 137 Britton, H. T. §., 272 Bronnert, E., 39, 56, 65, 144 Brown, A. F., 260, 263, 269 Brown, B. K., 17, 126, 133, 189, 257, 258, 263, 273 Brown, H. E., 96 Bruckner, W., 153, 155, 227, 228 Bryce, J. A., 167 Buchstab, zB. G., 201, 226 Bume, F., 225 Buote, F. A., 125 Burke, ©. 1:27, dak Bussy, L., 145 Byrnes, C. P., 183 Byron, M. L., 263 Cadoret, F., 142 Calbeck, J., HL, 273 Callan, John, 23, 45 Callenberg, E., 193 Callon, J. G., 147 Calvert, R., 260 Camnitzer, A., 44 Campion, P., 126, 127, 130 Canada British Syndicate Ltd., 181 Canadian Explosive Ltd., 190 Carbide and Carbon Chemical Corp., 129, 183, 182, 189, 190, 217 Carle, E. J. Ve 219 Carls, H., 229, "244 Carlson, L. W., 259 Carlsson, O., ei: 171, 214 Carpenter, W. 27 Carroll, S. J., a 92, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 104, 105, 106, "107, 108, 110, 113, 119, 124, 125, 131, 132 Carter, RM, Carver, BE. "261 Carver, W. L. 254, 255, 263 Cathelineau, a 149, 195, 196 Cattaert, P. A., 208 Cello Products Corp., 189 Cellon, Ltd., 166, 168, 215 Celluloid Co., 42, 43, 45, 52, 56, 56, 57, 58, 59, 62, 63, 64, 68, 69, 70, ii, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, _ 88, 89, 96, 108, 111, 114, 117, 118, 129, 130, 131, 187, 913, 229, 230 Celluloid Manufacturing Co., 27, 28, 29 32, 35 Celluloid Varnish Co., 31 Cellulose Products Co., 44 Chalmers, H. B., 62 Chambers, Ee H., 168 Chaplet, ie 252 Chapman, A. W., 253 Charuel, Y., 211 Chase, H. A. 254, 257, 259 Chaubert, " 146 Chemical Development Co., 78, 93 Chemical Products Co., 52, 57, 62, 68 Chem. Fabrik, Buckau, Abteilung Du- bois & Kaufmann, 231 , Chemische Fabrik Greisheim Elektron, 154, 161, 201, 212, 226, 232, 236 Chem. Fabr. Von Heyden, 173, 232, 233 Chem. Fab. Kalk. GmbH., 238, 246 Sea Fabrik Schwalbach Akt -Ges., Chemische Werke Vorm. Dr. H. Byk, 162, 211, 238, 246 , . Childs, J., 136 Claasen, W., 239 yo = le eee 33, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, AUTHOR INDEX OF PATENTS AND LITERATURE Claessen, C. H., 52, 150, 151, 163, 173, 196, 222, 223, 224 241 Clancy, J. C., 100, 188, 216 ' Clarac, J. V., 208 Clarke, H. T., 78, 79, 85, 87, 90, 91, 92, 101, 118, 119 Classen, W., 180 Claus, C. F., 138 Cleary, W. D., 264 Clegg, J., 86 Clement, E. F., 155 Clement, L. E., 66, 188, 189, 210, 213, 214, 217, 252, 268 Cleminson Electric Lamp Attachment Co., 149 Clewell, J. H. Jr., 134 Closmann, E. A., 49, 152, 186 Clough, W. W., 110 Clouth, F., 234 Coblenz, A., 252 Cochrane, J. R., 269 Coffignier, C., 257 Colingaert, G., 255 Collardon, L., 48, 61 Columbia Graphophone Co., 177 Combs, H., 88 Commercial Products-Co., 51, 153, 200 Commercial Solvents Corp., 125, 126, 133, 1384, 189 Commonwealth Chemical Corp., 87 Compagnie Francaise du Celluloid, 193, 205, 208 Compagnie Generale de Chromolithie, 139, 218 Compagnie Generale de Phonographes, Cinematographe et Appareils de Pre- cision, 60, 245 Compagnie Generale des Etablissements Pathe Freres Phonographe et Cine- matographe, 164 Compagnie Parisienne de Couleur D’An- ilin, 191 Conde, G. E., 256 Condensite Co. of America, 61 Connor, Dan A., 24 Convert, G., 204 Cook; R. M., 271 Coolahan, R. A., 258 Cooper, J. K., 255 Cooper Hewitt Electric Co., 67 ’ Cornides, L., 136 Covell, G. E., 264 Cowan, J., 275 Cowan, R., 264 Crane, E., 25 Crane, F., 140, 141, 142 Crepy, R., 209 Criquebeuf, G. E., 163, 211 Crockett, C. W., 99 romer..1., 270 Cross, C. F., 143, 219, 227 ’ Deyes, H. W.. 145, be > Dom) B,,) 38° 2.2502 232 309 Cross, D., 78, 79 Crossmann, L., 95 Crozat, W., 137 Cumbers, F., 169 Cunliffe, W., 138 Cunningham, C. L., 123 Cunningham, R., 26 Cutter, A., 152 Cutter, W., 142 Dabisch, H., 274 Daly, J. A., 44, 148 Dam, W. J. van, 161 Damm, E., 57 Dannhauser, E., 209 Danowich, O., 178 Danzer, H., 60, 159, 208 David, J., 151 Davidson, D., 271, 274 Davidson, J. G., 13, 129, 133, 182, 189, 190, 264, 274, 275 Davies, G. L., 167 Davis, A. B., 132 Day vdP BY 272 Dean, S. W., Jr., 264 Debauge & Cie., 203 Debard, P., 199 De Bercegol, R. C. M., 204 De Briailles, G. C., 203 Degorce, L. L., 198 Degraide, E., 142 De Haén Chemische Fabrik “List” G. ret, oes Gee VAL) De Montlord, G. R., 51 De Pont, B. S., 145 De’Sperati, M., 269 Denham, A. F., 269 Denny, H. W., 271 Deschiens, M., 261, 268, 271, 272, 273 Desvaux, L., 152, 199, 209, 225 Deutsche Celluloid Fabrik, 147, 220, 241 Deutsche-Sprengstoff Actien Ges., 114 Dick Co., A. B., 126, 127, 128, 130, 132 Dickie, W. A., 117 Didier, T., 149, 194 Diesser, G. G., 53 Disbury, A..J., 177 Ditmar, R., 262, 274 Dittmar, H., 157, 230 Dockree, R. D., 153 Doerflinger, W. F., 49, 53, 79, 80, 83, 158, 205, 228 Donohue, John M., 89, 98, 104, 109, 110, 115, 119, 120, 121 Dorn, Ch., 15, 254 Dorr, 1...,°.26 Dosselman, G., 50 Douque, A., 154, 200 Diow, FB. 89 od 360 Dow Chemical Co., 82, 91, 92, 110 Drew, S., 264 Dreyfus, C., 167, 179, 215 Dreyfus, H., 66, 74, 82, 84, 86, 90, 102, 103, 105, 113, 114, 116, 166, 170, 172, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 207, 210, 214, 215, 216, 245 Drinker, P., 253 Dryners, H. D., 168 Dubosc, O. L. A., 152, 198, 252 Duclaux, J., 161, 176, 208, 215, 263 Dugour, H., 199 Dulitz, A. A., 175 Du Pont, Justin, 80, 253 Du Pont Viscoloid Co., 131 Duratex Co., 165, 176 Durrans, T, (ee O74 Dusseldolfer Celluloid Fabr., Earle, E. J. V., 144, 186 Eastman Dry Plate and Film Co., 31 Eastman Kodak Co., 61, 78, 79, 83, 85, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 115, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 124, 125, 127, 128, 131, 182, 134, 201 Ebert, C. L., 229, 244 Edbrook, F. G., 128, 178, 188 Edgar, W. S., 264, 274, 276 Edwards, F. G., 1 Egner, O., 71 Egyptian Lacquer Mfg. Co., 33, 34 Hibel, A. F., 264 Eichengrun, A., 46, 54, 66, 67, 85, 95, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 161, 163, 180, 181, 186, 201, 202, 203, 209, 227, 229, 232, 233, 242, 244 Eichler, T., 58, 65, 128 Eisenmann, R., 148, 151, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 241 Elder, H. M., 164 Eldred, B. E., 93 Elektron Manufacturing Co., 32 Elliot, C. H., 141 Ellis, C., 53, 86, 116, 126 Fllis, -F'.4.471 Ellis-Foster Co., 53, 122, 126 Ely, Alfred B., 23 Emhardt, J. C., 82, 89 Ensminger, H., 193 Ernst, H., 142 Eschinglek, M., 217, 243 Esselen, G. J., "68, 252, 253 Exceloid Co. Ltd., 179 158 Fabriques de Produits de Chimie Or- ganique de Laire, 164 Fairfax, S. J., 140, 141 53, 158, 185,156, 156, 181, 192; 201, 203, A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 218, 227, 229, 230, 232, 233, 234, 235, 238, 239, 242, 244 Farbenfabriken of Elberfeld Co., 46 Farbwerke vorm, Meister, Lucius, and Bruning, 46, 146, 182, 220, 236, 237 Chem. Fabr, vorm Weiler-Ter-Meer, 149, 150, 186, 194, 198, 235, 236, 237, 248 Farrington, Via 122 Farrow, E. §., 104, 111, 112, 113, 119 Fasig, E. me "264 Faulhaber, V., 208 Faust, J. Be 251 Fausten, A., 114 Feasey, G. T., 168 Feith, J, 115 Feldmann, H., 172, 215 Fell, A., 26 Fell, J. C., 148 Ferrier, J. P., 165 Fiarillo, L., 198 Field, W. D., of 31, 32, 33, 140, 142 Fillion, O. E., Findlay, digs Mi “953 Finkler, A., 162, 163,° 211 Fischer, E., 225 Fish, W., 29 Flaherty, EK. M., 81, 83, 84, 85, 131, 134, 170, 172, 187, 256, 257, 259, 262 Flemming, H., 219 Fletcher, J., 178, 188 Fletcher-Starkey, W., 264 Fleury, A., 149, 195, 196 Fleury, Ry 195 Fonrobert, E., 254, 256, 271 Forster, A 148 Forster, M. V., 29 Forster, T. A. ine 138 Fouchard, Lge ge "151, 197 Fox, A. S., 150, "165 Fox, H. B, 259, 272 Frauquet, H. ¥,,- 192,221 Freise, R. W., 273, 277 French, A. F., 84, 114 Frey, E. P., 261 Freydlender, J. H., 261, 262, 268 Friedlander, M., 154 Friesenhahn, PS "935 Frothingham, . D., 80 Fuchs, A., 253 Fuller, I., 29 Fuller, W. R., 275 Furness, R., 254 Furse, A. Cc, 145 Fiirst Guido Donnersmarck’sche Kunst- ete und Acetatwerke, 50, 153, 200, ‘*< Gabriel, C. L., 255, 260 Farben! ‘abrikea Vormals FB. Bayer'& Co.,: Gaisenband, B., 213 Galay, B. D., 54, 153 —o-~ al AUTHOR INDEX OF PATENTS AND LITERATURE Galay, J. D., 54, 153 Gall, H., 200 Gardner, H. A., 14, 87, 124, 249, 250, 251, 252, 255, 258, 273 Garke, R., 180, 188 Garlick, H. 8., 264, 269 Gates, J. L., 254 Gault, H., 90 Gebr. Heyl & Co. A. Chk2o8 General Electric Co., 23, 45. , Genton and Berry, 253 Georz Photochemische Werke Ges., 179 Gerard, M. P. E., 1389, 218 Germain, P; 195 Geserich, A. 219 Ges. fur Verwertung Chemische Produk- ten 172, 236 Gibson, W. H., 253 Gill, A. O., 141 Gill, W. S., 141 Gillet, C., 195, 198 Gillies, D., 269 Gilmour, R. and es; W. & Co.,, 169, 170 Ginsberg, I., 254 Girard, A. E. Paw Girzik, E., 163, 241 Given, G., 116, 129, 130, 180, 189, 217 Goebel, Major D,. 252 | Goerner, G. W., Goetter, H., 41 Goissedet, P. E. C., 215 Golby, F. W., 156 Goldscheider, A., 241 Goldsmith, B. B., 32, 33, 43, 44, 47, 49, 50, 64, 141, 219 Goldsmith, J. N., 77, 146, 147, 167, 220, 221 Gonon, C., 205 Goodwin, H., 42 Goudin, L. J., 258 Gough, S. A., 178 Grange, S. de la, 252 Graul, W. F., 134 Graves, 8. C., 62, 88, 164 Gray, G., 25 Gray, R., 25 Green, A., 178 Green, C. A., 264 Grenning, F., 140, 144 Grenning, T., 139 Griffin, F. B., 1 i2Z? Grimpe, E., 236 Grinder, W. K., 264, 269 Groggins, P. H., 251 Grolea, J., 166, 213 Grote, L., 160 Groves, Samuel E., 87, 91, 167, 169 Gruner and Reinhardt Ges., 176 Gruter, R., 69 Guetler, H., 218 361 Guinot, H. M. E., 215 Gulf Refining Co., 65 Hahn, S., 1388, 143 Haines, H. W., 255, 260, 264, 271, 273 Hale, im 32, 140, 191, 241 Hall, M. A,, 257 Halle, C. R., 263 Hamilton, A., 252 Hands, R. M., 136 Hanline, A. M., 52 Hardcastle, J. H., 164 Harris; J. H.,; 25 Hart, A. M., 63, 153, 156, 207 Hartmann, C., 158, 228 Hasburg, J. W., 76 Hausel, B., 162 Haymen, H., 138 Heaton, N., 249 Heberlein, E., 145 Heil, H., 226 Helbing, H., 44, 145 Helbronner, A., 163, 211 Henderson, A. C., 140 Hendricks, W. H., 251 Hengeveld, H., 271 Henry, C., 146, 220 Hepworth, H., 261 Heraud, R. E. E., 204, 208 Hercules Powder Co., 135 Hermann, P., 143 Hersen, C. and Scholt, 257 Herzog, R. O., 253 Hesse, A., 203 Hesse, F., 158 Hesse, T. F., 214 Heckeroth, A. W. Van, 250, 251 Hewitt, P. C., 67, 158, 207 Heymans, P., 255 Hibbert, H., 65, 77 Hickson, E. F., 251 Highfield, A., 268 Hildesheimer, A., 235, 236, 253 Hilger, A., 178 Hill, C., 260, 264 Hill, E. W., 128, 189 Hillick, M. C., 269, 275, 276, 278 Hinze, A., 127 Hirsch, J., 193 Dict, Mi. ¥.) Sl, 187 Hock, L., 257 Hoek, C. P. van, 268 Hoffman, Henry, 23 Hoffman, J. S., 116 Hollande, P. C. A., 204 Holley, C. D., 253 Homberger, W., 149 Hommel, O., 95° Hopkins, F. W., 251, 264, 270, 273, 274, 275, 276, 277 Hopper, A. C., 261, 265 362 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER Horan, C., 127 Horii, 8., 127, 134, 184 Hornstein, N., 205 Hotchkiss, H. T., 259 Howlett, C. W., 81 Hoyermann, H., 233 Hue, G. E., 199 Huebner, J., 167 Hughes, T., 140 Humphrey, 1. W., 135 Hunervein, F., 48 Hunt, S. B., 175 Hunter, C. W., 160 Huth; F., 163 Hutin, A., 268 Hyatt, I., 25 Hyatt, J. W., 23, 25, 26 Hyde, J. C. H., 65 Ichenhauser, E., 208 I. G. Farbenindustrie, Akt.-Ges., 128, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 240, 246 Immerheiser, C., 126 Inagaki, I., 247 Internationale Cellulose Ester Ges., 228, 230, 231 Jacob, C. M., 26, 138 Jacobs, L. M., 253 Jacquemin, P. C., 204 Jaeger, P., 52 Jaillard, B., 213 Jaloustre, L. A., 214 James, 8S. T. T., 169 Jarvis, J. G., 29, 83, 84, 85 Jellicoe, R. V., 143 Jenkins, J. D., 270 Jennings, A. S., 262 Jerne, H., 157 Johns, C., 110 Johnson, W. M., 122 Johnston, A. K., 23 Jones, F. J., 40, 145 Jones, G. W., 40, 145 Jousset, A., 171 Kalle & Co., A. G., 237, 238 Kanamori, A., 247 Kathju, K. N., 265 “Kauri,” 276 Kawashima, K., 109 Keghel, M. de, 254 Keil, G., 226 Keller, B. A., 89 Keller, H., 226 Kelley, W. J., 274 Kemp, R., 88 Kempf, J., 256 Kennedy, A., 40 Kennedy, J., 275 Kennedy, P. 8., 265, 277 Kent, F. W., 165 Kent, R. L., 262 Kerkhoff, E. Van Der, 205, 226 Kessler, J. M., 78, 86, 93, 103, 187 Keuftel, C. W., 265 Keyes, Ge B,, 12, 13, 258, 259, 262, 270 Kiehel, S. R., 276 Kimmel, i E., 124, 128 King, C. Eg 143 Kip, F. E., 74 Kipper, E., 30 Kirkpatrick, 8S. D., 256 Kirsopp, E. C. B., 274 Kirst, W. E., 92 Kitsee, I., 44, 45 Knaster, H., 153- Kniffen, pe 62, 63 Knoll & Co., 155, 229, 231, 233 Kocher, N. S., 124 Kohl, F., 220 Kohn-Abrest, A., 257, 262 Kolke, F., 278 Koller, G., 59, 157, 208, 230, 242 Koller, HH; 149, 218 Kohler, J. ee 244 Koln-Rottweil Akt.-Ges., 173, 236 Koontz, E. J., 64 Kraemer, E. O., 273 Kraemer, G., 51, 150, 151 Kraemer & Van Elsberg Geselleschaft, 150, 151, 198, 241 Krais, P; M., 48, 50, 149, 195, 226 Kramer, R. FE 127 Kurz, L., 53, 200 Kyger, E. R3 258 Labbe, L. L. T., 201, 242 Lagneau, Hy 196 Lain, A. E., Lance, R. D., 161, 212 Langfeldt, E., "90 Lansing, K. W., 255 La Pointe, A. ho 270, 275 Lasche, J. M., 51 Laujorrois, PB; ei 138 Laurent, P., rae Lavadoux, E., 183 Lawson, W,, 265 Lazelle, H., 169 Leclerc, Ga. 192 Leder, P. H. A., 52 Lederer, L-4e@ "48, 52, 69, 148, 149, 151, 153, 192, 195, 197, 200, 207, 221, 229, 223, 204. 226, 227, 228, 241, 242 Leduc, Heitz & Co., 158, 159, 205, 209 Leeper, G. W., 269° Lehmann, F., 67, 68, 211, 212 Lehner, A, 233 Lenden, R.. 231 Leonard, G.. 128 Leonard, W., 25 a a a ae AUTHOR INDEX OF PATENTS AND LITERATURE Leopold, R., 239 Leroux, H., 201 Les Fils Pinay Jeune, 204 Levey, H. A., 77, 79 Levi, L. E., 51 Levy, W., 213 Leysieffer, G., 108, 172, 178, 179, 216, 238 Liebe, H. C., 265 Lilienfeld, L., 49, 50, 63, 71, 72, 128, 124, 128, 130, 148, 151, 154, 158, 159, 161, 164, 172, 175, 176, 186, 188, 210, 215, 222, 223 241, 242 Lincks, G. H., 260, 261 Linden-Lichtenthal, E., 179, 238 Lindsay, W. G., 52, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 62, 63, 64, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 80, 88, 89, 96, 108, 111, 117, 118, 129, 130, 131, 155, 156, 180, 187, 202, 203, 216 Linkmeyer, R. B., 233 Little, A. D., 174, 176 Littmann, E. R., 125 Lloyd, E., 152 Lockwood, C. S., 27 ; Lofier, R. J:, 105, 235 Lohschmidt, J., 146 Lorenz, J. R., 252 Loudien, E., 49 Ludwig, C., 254, 258, 259, 260, 261, 265, 210 Ludwig & Co., A., 242 Lui, J. A., 161 Luttke, H., 148, 193 Lutz, G., 58 Maas & Waldstein Co., 52 Mabille, A., 192 Macedonski, N., 205 Macre, L., 274 Magnier, P., 195 Maher, A. M., 260 Majorana, P., 76 Malcom, R., 82 Malone, L. J., 91, 95, 124 Manissadjan, H. B., 152, 155, 199, 202, 242, 244 Mardles, E. J. W., 12, 16, 254, 262 Marga, U., 219 Marino, P., 50, 151, 197, 225 Marling, P. E., 273 Marsden & Co., 40, 145 Martens, A., 252 Martin, C. M. F., 216 Martin, M. E., 216 Martindale, W. H., 260, 261, 265, 270 Marvin, P. J., 259 Marx, C., 256 Marx, N., 191 Masland, W. E., 59, 60, 73 Massmann, C., Masson, I., 253 363 Masterson, R. L., 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 265, 270, 274 Matas y Rodes, F., 195 Matheson, H. W., 65, 111 Matray, ‘e 213 Matsubara, K., 247 Matteoschat, A., 252 Matthews, F. E., 164 Matthews, I. C., 108 Maxim, H., 51, 52, 149 May, C., 141 Mayer, J., 218 Mayer, W. T., 38 Maze, A. E., 122 Meade, B. G., 270 Meade, R. G., 262 Meade, R. R., 265 Meadway, E. G., 163 Medicus, F., 236, 253 Medveczky, S., 54, 157, 159, 207, 227, 244 Mendess, J., 210 Merckens, W., 155, 202, 242, 244 Merrifield, C. F., 259 Mersereau, G., 78 Merz, O., 276 Messer, A., 218 Messersmith, M. E., 89 Mestaniz, L., 139 Mestrallet-Petry, E., 197 Meunier, G., 21 Meyer, E., 180, 188, 239 Meyer, F., 66, 152, 199, 242 Meyer, R. A., 151, 198 Meyers, W. M., 256 Meygret, A., 46 Michael, A., 239 Michaelis, G., 38 Michelman, Jos., 258 Mickey, E., 195 Middleton, I., 165 Mijnssen, C., 54, 154, 201, 242 Miles, G. W., 85, 90 Miller, H. E., 43 Milne, W. D., 276 Milo, E., 147 Miner, H. L., 247 Minor, P. a a 137 Minuto, ey Miskella, W. oT. 260, 261, 262, 265, 270, 271 Mitchell, R. B., 90, 91 Miyazaki, K., 64 Mohlman, G. F., 110 Monckton, E. H. C., Mond, A. L., 172 Monk, R. H., 260 Moody, A. W., 258 Moore, F., 28, 164 Moorefield, T. E., 266 Morane, L., 148, 193 137 364 Morawetz, E. R., 260 Mork, H. 8., 52, 57, 62, 68, 252 Morrell, R. 8., 253 Morris, T., 1387 Mosenthal, H. de, 252 Mosser-Schiess, W., 80 Mougey, H. C., 249, 256, 257, 258, 259, 261, 265, 266, 272 Mouths, F. E., 262 Muller, E., 227 Mueller, W., 266, 270 Muhlen, V. D., 262 Munro, A. M., 273 McBain, J. W., 265 McCain, H. J., 27 McCaine, Daniel, 28 McCaine, David, 28 McCaine, W., 27 McCall, R., 253 MacClary, J. 8., 270, 275 MacDonald, D. B., 162 McDougall, A., 141 MacDougall, J., 169 McElroy, K. P., 65 McGeorge, J., 261 McKechnie, J., 78, 171 McKim, W. A., 265, 277 McLaren, W., 145 McLaurin, R. A., 159 McLennan, A., 160 McClelland, J. A., 30 MacWalter, T., 178 Nagel, O., 41 Nash, W. H., 29 Nathan, F. L., 60, 61, 77, 78, 82, 163, 210 National Carbon Co., 114 Nebel, E., 196 Nelson, H. A., 251, 253, 266 Neocellon, Ltd., 260 Neubauer, C., 126 Neusella, A., 102 New Jersey Patent Co., 49, 62 New Jersey Zinc Co., 251. Newton, H. W., 147 Newton, M., 25 Newton, P. A., 148 Nibecker, H. A., 270, 272, 276 Nicalardot, P., 257 Nickolas, G. J., 96 Nickowitz, N. M., 254 Nigro, J., 204 Nishida, H., 252 Nitrogen Corporation, 100, 176, 177, 216, 239 Nitta, S., 247 Nobel, A., 143 Nobels Explosives Co., 82, 84, 169, 212, 245 Nogues, P., 198 Nolan, T., 84, 169 Lid... 77, A876, A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER Noll, A., 272 Nonamaken, J. F., 254 Norris, W. C., 251, 266 Nottelle, L. E., 208 Oakes, B. J., 266 Oehme, H., 246 Ohr, E., 196 Oliver, F. W., 144 Oliver, G. T., 150, 171 Orr, A., 140 Om, Arthur, 256, 261, 262, 270, 271, 272, Ortmann, R., 148, 194 Otsuka, C., 247 Ott, A.. f-oMae ie Ott, K., 239 Overbeck, W. J., 255, 256 Oyonnax, A., 145 Paget, L., 33, 34, 35, 142, 143 Paisley, J. W., 270, 271 Paisseau, J., 182 Palewski and Morin Co., 213 Parkes, A., 136, 137 Parkes, H., 27, 138, 191, 218 Parkin, W. ri: 147, 154, 194, 195, 204 Parks, HH. ce 250, 255 Parodi- Delfino, ya 129, 217 Patat, F., 196 Pathe Cinema Anciens Etablissements Pathe Freres, 180, 188, 213, 217 Patten, J. C., 115 Pauthonier, U. J. A., 154 Payne, A., 152 Pearce, M. J., 249 Pearson, H. P., 51, 150 Peck, J. W., 161 Pellen, M., 136 Perl, ts 142, 143, 191, 219 Perret, RF. 32 Perry-Austen Manufacturing Co., 53 Perry, E., 255 Perry, R. S., 270 Pertsch, G., 44, 145 Pervilhac, H. et Cie, 205 Peters, H., 154, 156, 204 Peters, T. J., 165 Petroczy, S. von, 161 Peyrusson, A. E., 197 Pfiffner, E., 180, 217, 243 Pfund, ce H,, 3250, 251 Phelps, W., Philippe, HH. “Us Phillips, A. W.., 94, 175 Philips, R. A., 182 Phipps, P., 146 Pianko. S., 153 Pickard, G. H., 262, 266 Pichler, S. F., 143, 153 Pickering, O. W., 69 AUTHOR INDEX OF PATENTS AND LITERATURE Pierce, M. J., 258 Pierce, W. T., 255 Piest, C., 252 Piestrak, G. 8., 213, 215 Pillion, N. L., 193 Pilz, E. E., 219 Pink, L., 159, 227 Pitman, E. C., 117, 132 Plinatus, W., 159, 162, 181, 213, 216, 246 Plischke, K., 226 Plummer, O. D., 87 Pollack, J. L., 144 Pollak, F., 238 Pommier, P. F., 207 Pont, A. de, 139, 145 Pont de Nemours & Co., E. I. du, 52, 59, 60, 62, 63, 77, 78, 79, 81, 83, 84, 85, 86, 93, 94, 98, 100, 110, 117, 127, 131, 132, 134, 164, 166, 167, 169, 170, 174, 175, 187, 209, 213, 232, 245 Pont de Nemours Powder Co., E. I. du, 60, 61, 65, 69, 73, 76, 160, 161, 209, 243 Pontacq, P., 209 — Pouteaux, A. P. H., 216 Pozdech, A. F., 102 Pratt & Lambert Co., 100, 187 Price, T. W., 255 Priest, G. H., 270 Probeck, E. J., 266 Prost, P. A. D., 195, 204 Proveux, H. M., 193, 194 Publishing, Advertising and ‘Trading Syndicate, Ltd., 42 Pulsifer, L. V., 256, 258, 259, 271 Putman, M. E., 92 . Quandt, E. E., 52 Racky, G., 238, 239 Raese, E., 139 Rampichini, F., 60, 156, 157, 161, 202, 229 Ramsbottom, J. E., 255 Randolph, H. H., 133 Raschig, F., 50, 223 Rasquin, H., 263, 268 Rasser, E. O., 254 Ratignier, M., 63, 205 Reagles, I. V., 29 Reclus, M., 273 Redlich, F., 233 Reese, C. E., 86 Reeser, H. J. G., 153, 201 Reichenbach, H.; 31 Reid, D. E., 61 Reid, E. E., 190, 274, 275 Reid, W. F., 144, 186, 219 Reinherz, T., 31 Reitstotter, J., 237 Remler, R. F., 254 Requa, L. F., 30 Reuhl, G. P., 150, 223 365 Rheinische, Gummi und Zelluloidfabrik, 185, 221, 222, 224 Rhenania Ver. Chem, Fabr., 237 Rhodes, F. H., 266 Richardson, E. G., 261, 273 Richardson, E. J., 147 Richter, J., 228 Riddle, R. N., 47 Riley, J. J., 259, 260, 261 Riley, L. J., 162 Riley, W. J., 165 Rintoul, W., 60, 61, 77, 78, 79, 82, 84, 163, 169, 210 Ritschke, A., 188 Riviere, C., 66, 210, 213, 214, 252, 268 Robertson, G. H., 278 Roberts, H. E. U., 150 Robertson, H. H. Co., 93, 179 Robinson, E. G., 79 Rochereau, A. A., 194 Roessler and Hasslacher Chemical Co., Rogers, R. S., 257 Rollason, A., 136, 137 Rosen, J., 160 Rosenthal, L., 240 Ross, H., 100, 187 Rotter, C., 25 Roumazeilles, M. J. P., 217 Rouxeville, E. A. L., 49, 151, 197, 199 Rovira, J., 64 Rowland, A. M., 207 Royle, F., 157 Rundle, G. W., 251, 266 Ruth, G., 234, 235 Rutstein, Leo, 253 Ryan, A., 171 Rymer, J. A., 93 Safety Insulated Wire and Cable Co., 30 St. Armande, A. V., 165 St. John, A. D., 104 Santen, W. H., 92 Sauverzac, J. M., 200 Sawyer Products Co., 80 Sawyer, R. U., 80 Schaffganz, K., 239 Scharf, E., 126 Scheele, W. T., 88, 93 Scheuenemann, E., 272 Schlegel, O., 196 Schlick, W., 249 Schlitter, G., 244 Schloss, A., 50, 153 Schlumberger, T., 39, 144, 219 Schlumbohm, P., 268 Schmalz, F., 29 Schmerber, J., 148, 193, 194 Schmidt, A., 46 Schmidt, O., 58, 65, 70, 128 Schmidt, M. P., 239 366 Schmidt, W. G., 255 Schmidt, W. K., 270 Schmitt, F., 272 Schmitt, I. F., 268 Schmitt, J. J., 125 Schotz, S. P., 249 Schrager, C., 212 Schraube, C., 49 Schrauth, W., 253 Schroder, R., 163 Schroeder, C., 51 Schulz, H., 183, 274, 276 Schulz, M., 268 Schultze, E., 114 Schupphaus, C. R., 30, 31, 35, 36, 41, 46, 143, 144, 219 . Schuster, F. J., 258, 259 Schwareman, A., 81 Schwartz, G. L., 131 Schwartz, M., 192 Schwartz, Y., 148 Schwarz, H., 252 Swartz, M. D., 267 Scott, A. G., 150 Sease, V. B., 98, 110 Seaton, M. Y., 91, 110, 157 See, J. D., 97 Seel, P. C., 77, 83, 88, 92, 94, 96, 97, 105, 108, 113, 132, 134 Seely, Charles A., 23 Seher, A., 32 Seligman, F., 249 Seydel, K., 128 Shawinigan Laboratories, 111 Sheppard, S., 100, 125, 261, 266 Shipley, S., 116, 129, 1380, 131, 135, 180, 182, 189, 217 Shishedo, K., 247 Shrager, C., 161 Siedentopf, O., 152 Siemens-Schuckertwerke, 173 Silverstein, S..M., 266 Silzer, A., 96 Simon, J. & Durkheim, 246 Simonet, L., 137 Simons, C. M., 269, 273 Simonin, J., 277 Simpson, A. H., 139 Simpson, E. W., 178 ‘ Sivet, D., 215 Smart, W. J., 261, 262, 274 Smith, D. D., 25 Smith, H., 252 Smith, L. J., 266 Smith, S., 271 Smith, W., 26 Smyth, H. F., 275 Snape, J. W., 110 Snelling, W. O., 71 Snowden, F., 157 Soc. Anon, Le Camphre, 209 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER Societe Anonyme Des Etablissements Justin Du Pont, 80 Societe Anonyme Des Etablissements Hutchinson, 97, 168 Soc. Anony. LiOcounesienee. 192. 194 Soc. Anonyme Des Plaques et Papiers Photographiques, A. Lumiere, 200 Soc. Anon. Nouvelle L’Oyonnithe, 198, 211 Soc. Anon. Les Perfums De Rosine, 183 Soc. Chim. des Usines du Rhone, 44, 216 Soc. Francaise Des Tissue Biaises, 205 Soc. Gen. Pour La Fabr. Des Matieres Plastiques, 220 Societe Industrielle De Celluloid, 226 Soc. Industrielle De Cellulose, 192, 226 Soc. Industrielle Des Telephones, 230 Soc. Monnet et Goutteborn, 201 Soc. Myrthil Rose et Cie, 194, 195 Soc. Nauton Freres and de Marsae and Tesse T. F.; 95, 115, 126, 167, 169, 173, 214 Societe R. Eisenmann, 194 Sohlinger, W. J., 266 Sona Corporation, 96 Sparre, F., 64, 76, 77, 187 Spaulding, J. and Sons Co., 76 Spath, C., 230 Specht, H. M., 93 Special Products Co., 48 Spill, D., 24, 137 Spitaler, A., 220 Spratt, J. S., 266 Springmohl, F., 253 Sproxton, F., 249 Standard Development Co., 110 Standard Varnish Works, 124 Starr, A., 26 Steele, L. L., 250, 275 Steimmig, F., 233 Stephani, O., 57 Sterilin-Ges., 175 Stern, E., 268 Stern, M. E., 89 Stevens, J. H., 27, 28, 29, 33, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 42, 43, 45, 114 Stevens, W. J., 152 Stevenson, W. J., 104, 171 Steward, R. F., 65 Stewart, W. P., 266 Stellmann, i A W. 266 Stinchfield, Rada , 97, 115 Stockelbach, F. E., 87 Stocker, J., 67, 68 Stoddard, W. O., 74 Storey, ip 30, 139, 186, 191 Stossel & Co., Stover, J. H., rr Strache, F. H., 219 Strauss, R., 211, -231, 246 Strehlenhert, R. W., 145 AUTHOR INDEX OF PATENTS AND LITERATURE Stubner, E. C., 185 Studer, L., 185 Stuer, C. C., 237 Sulzer, A. F., 91, 99, 122 Sutherland, D. M., 80, 145, 169, 214 Sutton, C. R., 274 Svensson, O., 178 Szegvari, A., 257 Szelinski, B., 225 caer, 164 Takemura, K., 183 Taylor, A. H., 164 Taylor, A. M., 125 Taylor, C. M., 122, 123, 181 Taylor, E., 55 Tenen, H. T., 267 Terrell, T., 184 Tesse, T. F., 95, 115, 126, 167, 169 Tessler, A. G., 62 Tetralin, G. m. b. H., 239 Thall, E., 171, 214 Thieme, O. B., 48 Thomas, B. P., 114 Thomsen, P. F., 161 Thompson, E., 147 Thomson, E., 238, 45 Thurlow, H. A., 182 Tiffany, E. W., 93 Nant. T., 259 Tiller, F. R., 151, 198 Tissier, C., 195 Titanine, Ltd., 178 Titanine, Ltd., and Bowles, P. E., 171 Toch, M., 256, 271, 278 Todd, E. N., 30, 31, 32, 140, 141 Trautschold, R., 271 Trickey, J. P., 271 Trimmer, M. R., 260, 267, 268 Triplex Safety Glass Co., 162 Trivelli, A. P. M., 71, 94, 103, 165 Tronel, J., 231 Truelove, R. H., 249 Trussell, E. H., 277 Tscheuschner, E., 218 Tucker, T., 166, 215 Tuebben, P., 154 Tunison, B. R., 258 Twyman, F., 178 Tyre Puncture Curing Syndicate, 40 Tyrer, T. & Co., 82, 166, 168, 215 Union Clay Products Co., 55 Urk, H. W. van. 254 U. 8S. Industrial Alcohol Co., 91, 99, 101 © U. 8. Paint & Varnish Mfrs. Assoc., 249, 250, 251 Valentine, A. J., 178 Vandervell, C. A., 165 Vanderwalker, F. N., 249, 266, 271, 273 367 Van Heuckeroth, A. W., 278 Van Schaack, R. H. Jr., 129 Van Schaack, L. L., 258, 259 Velvril Co., 219 Vender, V., 51 Vereinigte Coéln-Rottweiler riken, 234 Verein F. Chemische Industrie, 233 Vereingte Glanzstoff Fabriken, 56, 157, 158,, 204, 205, 242 Vickers, Ltd., 78, 171 Vient, B. A., 76 Vignes, E., 197 Vignes, M., 196 Viking Manufacturing Co., 63 Villedien, C., 145 Vogel, W., 268 Voigt, W. L., 105 Vollin, H., 212 Von Muhlendahl, E. U., 274, 276 Von Neuenstein, 272 Voss, J., 239 Wagishauser, K., 159, 242 Wagner, H., 257 Wahl, A., 157 Waite, C. N., 44, 49 Walker, G., 42 Walker, H., 203 Walker, H. V., 52, 157, 186, 204 Walker, P. H., 250, 255 Walker, W. H., 47, 54, 57 Walkey, W. R., 184 Wall Paper Manufacturers, Ltd., 169 Warcharisky, M., 214 Ward, G. L., 259, 267 Ward, J. G., 168, 214 Ward, T. W. H., 91, 168, 169, 178, 188 Warner Chemical Co., 47 Warwrziniok, O. C. E. P., 64 Weare, R., 137 Webb, W., 256 Webb, W. R., 94, 96, 98, 101, 104, 109, 125, 127 Weber, H. C. P., 257 Weedon, W. S., 60 Wennstrom, H. E., 278 Westfalisch-Anhaltische Sprengstoff A. G., 233 Wetter, J., 153 Weyler, J. L., 166 Wheatley, R., 166 Whitby, G. S., 262 White, A. E., 181 Whitehouse, Edward O. W., 24 Whittelsey, T., 179 Whittemore, C., 260 Wiegand, P., 267 Wiesel, J. B., 256, 260, 261, 267 Williams, A., 147, 154, 204 Williams, E. C., 141 Pulverfab- 368 Williams, M. E., 141 Williams, R. C., 257 Williamson, R. V., 273 Willkie, H. F., 91, 101, 253 Wilson, A., 261 Wilson, M. M., 277 Wilson, S. P., 249, 267, 277 Wilson, W. C., 91, 271 Wilson, W. V., 29, 30, 139, 186, 191, 218 pipes EB. Wij 267, 201 2b, ib er, 278 Winklemann, M., 263 Winkler, A. von, 141 Winter, Robert, 25 Winterbottom, G. H., 49 Wohl, A., 204, 228, 242 Wolff, A., 268 Wolff, Hans, 15, 249, 252, 253, 254, 257 Wolffe and Co., 183 Wood, 8S. H., 86 Wood, W. H., 29, 42 Woodbridge, R. G., 100, 177 Woodward, G. E., 48, 149, 194 Woolldridge, L. C., 165 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER Worden, E. C., 249, 253 Wurth, K., 257 Young, D. A.) 157 Young, G., 115 Young, J. Ha°Sa ive Young, Y., 208 Yukacs, Ne 151 Zapon Co., 260 Zapon-Lack G. m. b. H., 232 Zelger, C., 257 ; Zeller, G. O., 35, 36, 38 Zeller, H., 254, 267 Zetter, A., 237 Ziegler, J. W., 115 Zieke, E., 2A9 Zimmer, A A., 154, 155, 156, 167, 204, 228 Zimmer, F., 252, 254, 257, 260, 269 Zimmerli, A., 189 Zuhl, E., 45, 46, 146, 147, 148, 191, 193, 220, 221, 229, 223, 241 Zwick, H., "995 ‘a Ls x * Q ’ ea ¢ > , . 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