if CLASS No SS s Boon No- FRANKLIN INSTITUTE LIBRARY PHILADELPHIA, PA, FAUT Eee 1 ROWE RN ENE SEETIONS IN STEEL AN DLCs BY ASD AY MDS PEON Glas West Hartlepool. (ROLLING MILLS MANAGER; INVENTOR OF SPENCER’S REVOLVING PUDDLING MACHINE, ETC.) ROLE Wk NUNS SECTIONS -LN. STETEE ANID es eiOmn WORKING DRAWINGS FOR RAILS, SEE BPERS, GUNDIE RS; BWIA, INUES. UNINGILIES, @zc. Sac, ALSO BLOOMING AND COGGING, FOR PLATES AND BILLETS Second Edition WITH AN APPENDIX CONTAINING 22 ADDITIONAL FOLDING PLATES BY ADAM SPENCER PWondon: By é& FS oN, SRON, a25 eS tURANED JQew Work: SPON & CHAMBERLAIN, 12 CORTLANDT STREET 1894 ESO sp Aas PLATE NO. I.—Brioom Rott (ONE OF PAIR) FOR PLaTE Siazs. Top roll arranged to lift 30 inches. IIl.—Coacine anp Bitter Rotts. Top roll balanced; necks as in Plate I. IIIT.—Btoomtne ror 7” x 7 Brooms. Pass twice through each hole. IV.—Rovucuinc ror STEEL Fiance Rats. Full size. ve . : , VI i : . Vir ‘ ‘ E v= : : e IX.—Rovcuine 35 To 50 Bs. FLANGE Rats. Scale 3’ = 1 foot, 21” train. 30) 5 3 X.—ROuUGHING 30 TO 40 LBS. AND 40 TO 60 LBS. FLANGE Ratts. Scale " ar 3° = 1 foot, 314” train. XI.—Finisuinc Stee, France Rams. Seale 3” = 1 foot, 30” train. XII.— s i Full size. Oe be ‘ XIV.— . Dp ” xvi e Fe Seale 3” = 1 foot, 24” train. XV1.—Finisuinc Bryce Rams. Scale 3" = 1 foot, 28” train. XVII.—Rovucuine For Ramway SLEEPERS (STEED) Seo calens(a—mmtoonmecu train. B 3 List of Plates. PLATE NO. XVITI.—Finisuinc ror Ratway Steepers (STEEL). Scale train. 2a SI OOnmcn XIX.—Coceine For 12” H Gtrvers. Scale 3” = 1 foot, 382” train. X X.—RovuGuHINnG For 12” - 9 56 XXI. FINISHING FoR 12” 3 “3 5 X XII.—Rovucuine For 11! y 28 % y 28 re. 14 3I5 ” X XIII.—Bioomine, Roucuinc, anp Fintsutnc ror 11” H Grrpers. Full size diagrams. X XIV.—Rovucuine ror 11” Steet Buss. Full size diagrams. Also Heaps 1 For 82” To rox” Buss. XXV.—Rovcuine For 8” To 10” STEEL Bus. Scale 3” collars, 22” train. = 1 foot, showing XXVI.—Rovucuine ror 6", 63", 7”, 72”, ann 8” Sree, Buxss. Scale 3” = 2? 1 foot, showing collars, 27” train. lV XXVII.—FInIsHING FoR 103" STEEL Buss. Scale 3” = 1 foot, showing collars, 26" train. " XXVIII.—Finisuine For 72” Street Buyss. Scale 3” = 1 foot, showing collars /2 re) S 3) 28" train. XXI1X.—Finisuine For 65” Stee, Butzs. Full size diagrams. Also 74” and 8” Heaps. XXX.—Rovucuine ror Burp Anctes. Scale 3” = 1 foot Also Taper GaucrE For Coxtrars. Full size. XX XI.—Fintsninc For Burs Ancuzs, 72” x 3". Scale 3” 2 collars, 22” train. > XX XII.—Finisuinc ror Burs Anetzs, 62” x 3”. Scale 3” collars, 22" train. " 2 , showing collars. = 1 foot, showing = 1 foot, showing XXXIII.—Finisuine ror Burs Anctzs, 65" x 3". Full size diagrams only. SONS ° . gl oe 3! r PLATE NO. XX XV.—RovGHING XXX VI.—FInNIsHING List of Plates. 7 ror ANGLES. Scale 3’ = 1 foot, showing collars, 28” train. Do. 6” x ath XX XVII.— ie 64" x 43" ‘ . 22" train. XXXVIII.— 6" x al” 99 2 » XRD i 53” x 33” ‘ Fr r; XL.— i BU Sea i 8 XLI.— i Be » , ” XLII.— 6 5f" x 4” , MP ” XLIII.— . I se al 56 » ” XLIV.— ey ile al 5 28" train. XV —— F al” x 33" is * 22" train. XLVI.— 3 5" x 4” Full size diagrams only. XLVIL— 4 Cla3. » (3) » SOLO 5" x 3" ; p : MILI (Do, mor Was, 5” 3 22" 3 2 Gm [es Ks Axa : SG) ie -f Bt se al 3 i OF ib ilk b 6" x i! r eo Oye LIIJI.—FinisHinc Cop LIV.— FInIsHING LV.—FInIsHING i 2 LV1.—FInNISsHING Tram Rats. Full size diagrams only. Also Hor anp BripGE FInisHInc. 56 tgs. Tram Raits. Full size diagrams (5) only. 14 LBs. Bripce RaiLs, 22 LBs. FLANGE RaAILs, AND x 2” Ancies. Full size diagrams only. PerMANent-way Bripcr Rats. Full size diagrams only. IOVS Ee UE RIN UNG: FOR STEEL BARS =ANaD Wee Tue subject of roll-turning has been treated in the accompanying work from a purely practical point, and for practical men; no attempt has been made to theorise or deduce principles. The drawings are the result of experience, and were at first intended for my private use and guidance. Their value consists in the fact that they are working drawings—that is, drawings of rolls which have passed through the ordeal of actual work. But every roll-turner. will know that many conditions affect the successful working of rolls—viz., the size of the train, speed of rolls, temperature of the material rolled, and the manual or mechanical manipulation of the bloom to that of the finished section. Besides, the setting of the rolls by the roller is of vital importance ; and, unless these conditions meet in their proper relation, much material is wasted, and sometimes the roll-turner blamed. In reference to the drawings themselves, every care has been taken to give the exact form in each groove and the position of the collars, but the practical roll-turner will at once see that the taper of the collars where the top roll fits into the bottom, the rounding of the edge of collars, space between top and bottom rolls, have in many cases not been attended to. The amount of taper required in collars to provide for sinking and dressing, and thus take up >) the slack occasioned by wear, is a matter of opinion. I have, however, with Roll-turning for Steel Bars and Plates. Plate XXX, given a full-size sketch of a taper gauge. These are points of importance upon which a roll-turner will use his own taste and judgment. The arrangement of the work :—I give, in the first place, drawing of modern blooming for steel slabs, followed by pair of billet rolls, and then proceed to various sections, showing the related grooves in cogging, roughing, and finish- ing rolls, with the position and character of collars required. For every class of sections a complete set of rolls is in substance given. To have drawn collars and grooves for a tenth part of the number of sizes of each class would, I feared, have made the work bulky and too expensive. I therefore add several plates of drawings of full-size templates of various sections and sizes. On Plates XLIII. and XLIV. I give angles of the same size, but the size of train and arrangement of grooves and collars are widely different. In most cases of angles the flanges are rolled up, but in Plate XLV. this is reversed. Many mill- managers consider this an improvement, as the roll scale falls off better, and a cleaner bar is the result. As the drawings are full size, or one-quarter size, detailed explanations would be tedious and unnecessary. In conclusion, I may remark that demands upon the skill of the roll-turner are daily increasing. Engineers are continually requiring new forms and combinations of old forms, thus giving to the roll-turner a position of importance second to none in the rolling mill. The art can never be stereotyped, but I trust that this small contribution will be of use to all interested in the manipulation and application of steel bars. Mr. Jenkins, General Manager of the celebrated Steel and Iron Works at Consett, Durham, having seen my work in manuscript, has kindly given his opinion in the following letter, which I now have the gratification, with his permission, of publishing, and hope for the success so kindly expressed. ADAM SPENCER. West HARTLEPOOL, 8th August, 1891. Roll-turning for Steel Bars and Plates. Tat Consett Iron Works, BLACKHILL, Dear Sir, Co. DurHaAm. I have much pleasure in stating that I have known you and your father, and many other members of your family, in the North of England, and in South Wales, during the last forty or fifty years. Staffordshire, As you and so many of the members of your family have been for a couple of generations so closely associated with roll-turning and rolling no hesitation in saying that I believe the work, which I have e which you propose to publish, on the subject of roiling sectional i 1.¢., rails, angles, T-iron, bulb iron, &c., would be very interesting tive to all those connected with the practical work of producing in the above-named forms. The experience you have had personally, will, I believe, we mills, I have xamined, and ron and steel, and instruc- iron and steel 1 qualify you for the work you intend to publish, and which will exhibit very numerous sections by diagrams, in full size and otherwise, of the grooves best adapted for successful work in the rolling mill. When complete I shall be glad to take, say, half-a-dozen copies of your work, for distribution here at these works to some of our practical men. Wishing you success in your undertaking, I am, yours faithfully, W. JENKINS, General Manager, Consett Iron Co., Limited. ADAM SPENCER, Esa. REO Seip I Wake ING, PN BIN IDI OX: My main object in this, has been to illustrate roll-turning as applied to merchant- bars. ‘Taking rounds as representative, I begin with guide mills, and show roughing and finishing down to 48," diameter; and increasing the size of mill gradually, rolls are shown for rolling rounds as large as 83" diameter. In addition to the merchant-bar rolls, a few examples of sections such as are rolled in the larger mills have been introduced. The drawings for the most part have been made from full-size working templates, and in some cases from the tools themselves. In all cases they are of rolls long in use, and of approved construction ; and although the grooves may not in form and draught accord precisely with the method of construction which I give on Plate LX XVIII, they may be considered thoroughly practical and reliable. A glance at the list of plates, with their titles, will give a fair idea of the ground I have endeavoured to cover: three-high roughing rolls, with grooves for finishing in two-high rolls, are given for 8" (two illustrations), 10’, 12", and 14” mills; and in all cases, except the first grooves (flat and edge), for the 14” mill the drawings are full size. For the 16” and 18” roughing rolls a scale of 3 to the foot has been adopted, but where rolls for the finished bar has been illustrated the grooves are given full size, and so on till we come to Plates LXXIII. and LX XIV., where Gothic roughing in a 34" train, for large rounds, is shown; the grooves in this case also (except the flat and edge) are full size. I may explain that Plates LVII. and LVIII., 8” Guide mill rolls, are according to Welsh practice. Plates LIX. and LX., 10" Guide mill rolls, are ii Appendix. according to north of England practice ; so also are the rolls shown on Plates LXI. and LXII. for 12” Bar mill. Plates LXIII. and LXIV., for 14” Bar (and Guide) mill, with three-high roughing, represents a mill in the Cleveland district, where guide iron, medium sized merchant-bars, small rails, fish plates, and light sections are rolled in large quantities, and is an arrangement introduced by a most excellent and experienced roll-turner. In reference to Plate LXXVIII.: “Method of drawing grooves for squares, diamonds, Gothics, rounds, and ovals” for guides; it will be seen that I have used an angle of 92° for squares, and 95°5° for diamonds and Gothics. Both may be considered by some roll-turners as scarcely obtuse enough, but as so much depends upon the character and temperature of the iron or steel rolled, any modification of the angle will be based upon these circumstances and upon individual experience. I am aware that some roll-turners use an angle of O2ae for squares, and 100° for diamonds and Gothics. I prefer the angles as represented, with the draughts as shown, and a liberal and proportionate amount of tailoring to prevent any possibility of pinching or ‘“‘finning.” I may also remark that the rule given for drawing rounds and ovals is not that adopted by all roll-turners ; for rounds of small and medium size it may be considered too close, and for large rounds too open. I would, however, point out that it has the merit of simplicity, and may be modified for different size rounds by altering the tailoring curves only. But I do not recommend any such alteration unless practice and special experience of the roller require a modification. As to the ovals for guide mill rolls, the rule given accords with drawing on Plate LX., the curve being drawn from one radius. But on Plate LVII. the curves for ovals are from two different radii, more like the ellipse formed by cutting a cylinder diagonally. This, in the opinion of some roll-turners, is most suitable for the smaller rounds. “Guard” to prevent “ fins,’—This is well illustrated on Plate LXXV., Appendix. ill Tees ; and consists in rounding or flattening the corners in the bottom groove at the point where the part comes in the succeeding groove between the collars. “ Tailoring” to prevent “fins” being formed on the material rolled, and abrasion of the rolls.—This is a rounding of the collars of top and bottom rolls at the point where the grooves in both rolls meet, and is applicable to parting grooves, such as are shown for rounds, squares, and Gothics, also grooves of the “open” kind—that is, where the collar of the bottom roll is not sunk into that of the top roll. “Spread.” —This is an allowance in width of groove, so that the piece or bar may enter each succeeding groove easily. ““Contraction.’—As the bar when red hot is larger in size than when cold, the groove must be made larger by this difference ; this allowance for contraction varies with the temperature at which the bar is finished. On Plate LX XVII. it is about 1 in 77; this is found by comparing the size of the finishing groove with the section of rail shown alongside. From templates which I have of a similar sized rail, by comparing the “hot” and “cold” templates the allowance for contraction is about 1 in 42. “ Spring.’ —This is an allowance for the bending of the rolls when the bar passes between, and depends much upon the position of the groove and amount of draught, also upon the length and size of rolls, and the malleability of the material operated upon, This allowance for “spring” must be deducted from the allowance for contraction, in the vertical direction only. ‘“ Space” between collars of top and bottom rolls.—In most of the drawings I have shown the collars touching ; this is not the case in practice, and in turning the grooves an allowance must be made for the rolls to run clear of each other. This also must be taken off the allowance for contraction in a vertical direction. Say a 3” diameter round bar is required—the groove in each roll is not quite 14" deep—the space between the rolls and the “spring” must be considered, and due allowance made. iv Appendix. , “ Templates.” —First a drawing, then the “male” template, then a “ female’ template, and into this latter the tool for turning the groove should be accurately fitted. These points are of importance in the art of roll-turning, and I mention them only that beginners may value their craft, take a pride and pleasure in their work, and learn it thoroughly. NOD Vie ake NGI RS Fuly 13, 1893. lelSaie Oia Pile Aleks . APPENDIX. I ——cotgz00-— | PLATE NO, First Roucuinc, Turee-Hicu, ror 8” Gute Mitt Grooves. | Full size. Finisuinc ror 8” Gurpe Mitt Rounps anp Ovats To CORRESPOND. LVIII.—Turer-Hicw Rovucuinc ror 8” Guipe Miti (2Np_ ILLusrRarion) Grooves. © Full size. LIX.—First Rovucuine ror 10” Guipe Mitt, Turee-Hich Grooves. Full size. ae RovuGcuinc For 10” Guipe Mitt, Turee-HicuH Grooves. Full LX.— size. FInIsHInG For 10” GuipE Mit, Ovats, anp Rounps, 145” to 2”. LXI.—Turee-Hicn Rovcuine ror 12” Bar Mitt Grooves. Full size. | Turee-Hich Rovcuinc ror 12” Bar Mitt Grooves. Completing LXIL— Sh NT. Tevillicine. ; Aso Fintsuine ror 12” Bar Mitt Rounp 14%” To 3”. vi List of Plates to Appendix. PLATE NO. LXII].—Turee-Hicu Roucuine ror 14” Bar (anp Guiwe) MILL, Scale 34” = 1 foot. LX1IV.—Gotuic anp Diamonp Grooves. Full size for 14” Bar Mill, see Plate LXIII. LXV.—Rovucuine For 16” Mitt.. Scale 3” = 1 foot. LXVI.—Rovceuine ror 18” Mitt. Scale 3” = 1 foot. LXVII.—Sasu Bars (5 sets). Full size. LXVIII.—Sanpp.es (2 sets). Full size. LX1X—Cotziery Bripce Rats (3 sets). Full size. LX X.—Finisuinc Rounps. 3” to 5”. Full size. LX X1.—Finisuinc Rounps. 52”, 7", and 84". Full size. LXXII.—Btoominc ror Briers From Steet Incots. Scale 3” = 1 foot. 34” train. LX XIII.—Gormic Rovcninc ror Larcre Rovunps (ist sheet). Full size. LX X1V.—Gornic Rovcutne ror Larce Rounps (ist sheet). Full size. LXXV.—Finisuine Ters. Full size. LXXVI.—Finisuinc ror STEEL Fiance Rats. Grooves full size. LXXVII.—SrreL France Rats, 18” Mitt. Full size grooves. List of Plates to Appendix. Vil PEAR E OVI: METHOD OF DRAWING GROOVES FOR SQUARES, DIAMONDS, GOTHICS, ROUNDS, AND OVALS. FIG. I. Scale, at angles of 92° and 95°5°. The horizontal lines numbered 1 to 15 represent draughts of a corresponding number of grooves for Gothic, and Diamond, roughing rolls, and relate to the angle at 95°5° only. II. Diamond grooves, as taken from scale, Fig. L, angle 95°5°. The tailoring curve for collars is drawn from a radius of one-fourth diameter of circle inscribed within the individual groove ; sce Fig. V. III. Gothic grooves, as taken from scale, Fig. I, angle 95°5°. For curves, see Fig. VI. IV. Square-finishing groove. On line A B draw perpendicular line F G, from point of intersection at C draw circle of diameter equal to length of side of square required. On periphery of circle draw lines parallel to AB and FG; from junction D measure distance to C, from C mark off distance C D at F and G. From point A on scale 92°, Fig. 1, mark distance C D, and draw horizontal line to sides of angle (in this case the horizontal lines correspond to No. X1.), the length of this line is the width of the groove on line A B. The tailoring curves at corners A B are from a radius of one-tenth length of side of the square. V. Diamond groove. On line A B draw perpendicular line CD E. Refer to scale on Fig. I., angle 95°5°, and from horizontal line XI. (in this case) to A mark the distance D to E and C respectively. The width a @ is also taken from same scale on horizontal line No. XI. Draw lines from C, E, to a, J, and the diamond is formed. The tailoring curves at A, B, complete the figure: these are formed by taking a radius (D /) of one-fourth diameter of the inscribed circle. VI. Gothic groove. The depth A B and width C D are found by referring to Fig. I, angle 95°5°, No. XI. Mark off these points, and with radius A B, draw the curves A C, A D, B C, and B D, respectively. The tailoring curves at C, D, are drawn with radius (Ef) of one-fourth diameter of inscribed circle. VII. Round groove. Draw horizontal line A A, and at right angles to it the line B C, and from point of intersection at O describe a circle of the required size. From @, a, with radius @ B, draw arcs B C, and with same radius from points B, and C, Vill ric. VIIL, 1X, & X.| List of Plates to Appendix. intersect these at D, E, F, G, and from these points, with radius G H, draw the opening curves H I. The tailoring curves at I are drawn with radius B, f, equal to half the distance from B to K. Oval groove. Fig. VIIL is the round for which the oval is intended. First draw this, and divide the diameter into three equal parts, and with radius a 4 equal to two of these parts draw a circle, Fig. IX. The vertical diameter F E of this circle is also divided into three equal parts. Through C and D draw lines parallel to the horizontal diameter AB. The sections Ce Ff, and DZ Eg, when put together, form the oval required. Fig. X. represents the oval, and round to correspond. Plate | BLOOM ROLL (ONE OF PAIR) FOR STEEL PLATE SLABS. Note: Top roll arranged to litt) 30 inches 1 Foot 20 | 18 Je == G9 1h" eee 48" - fe fete 8) Seen Gh aos 78" ey yo | vp v4 | | | | S aoe ‘ > % < SS % : R xs oo N oD 4 ae) N S | i pot | SS ae AY | Li : ALL ’ Plate Ll. of Billet end. ton ERRATUM. In PLATE II., dimensions for billet grooves should read not as marked, but as shown on this sketch from face to face on line AB. COGGING AND BILLET ROLLS 90x 3@ JI Yoo SIL WE, “Ue NENA a a & ; [SSA ) ~ Wf a + YT | . = | S 2 & RS Ss > Sy (ey De oS 5 Ss cS) 4S 8 oS S SS 5 2 js fi NR : 3 4 70 1. # } Cl 68 Bly | oh Is y | 3 G feet’ long H | } — = 2 SSRIS resin ee eens = = on ROUGHING FOR STEEL FLANGE RAILS 30T0O 40 LBS & 40T0 GO LBS PER YARD. Seale 3 = 1 Foot : — y i ~ \ if D5 a \| F [ < , Was a ~ | a ‘ le | ~ yy 4 ) is = 16 / 738 ds K-37 J J | LOM 1p Vy, J J 7) $48 7.8% long 8 804 30) FINISHING FOR STEEL FLANGE RAILS 5 6 LONG I 6 NECKS. Scale 3-1 Foot is = ee x | \ iV} = =| eS 2 _ x 8% 1p 3 4! 7s 3% 2% } | th Sy 8 EO) es >) s sz E x = ——* | eS) et erent ——— 38 Se 3 ——————w r\ - So f= Es 1s 32 Plate XI. 18° o By 18 SS FINISHING ROLLS, STEEL FLANGE RAILS. FULL SIZE. _ QND og \\ grd Full Size =~ FINISHING ROLLS FOR STEEL FLANGE RAILS. ( CONTINUED ) 4 th Plate XU1 Plate XIV FINISHING ROLLS, FOR STEEL FLANGE RAILS.( CONTINUED) Full Size. NY ey Pushing Tho? Kell 4: Son, Lith { i | i i i i y | ' DIAGRAM FOR BOTTOM ROLL TOOLS FOR LARGER RAIL ly Rio EL TURNI ROLLS FOR STEEL FLANGE RAiLs 4.6 LONG 24 CENTRES }4 SCALE — \ J \ \ 4 Vi) 4 | | Sh $19 N Plate XV1 FINISHING BRIDGE RAILS ( 74 LBS. PER YD.) Scale 3"— 1 Foot. | | | | Ht SS) k. 1% oS Ty VWs ow Vs | - ~< BS ° = * | ss 2 | > ~ - is = | | a 7 2 S$ S s | * x 3 | S © = 5 | > 6 a ( == ; ———— | | | — ja \senusesl ee ae | | 4 | we iy 32 <2 is = i ‘ % ~ S $3 3S 3 2 N 5 3 = S 9 z a } 2% " 4 66 Be 44 oh an 1 e 3 6% STEEL RAILWAY SLEEPERS ROUGHING ROLLS Top ROLL. Scale 3 = 1 Foot Vy 14 § in LMR 10 Ya ol, : =i. ~ 24. A 10. |__ 374 I% 4 full length 7, 6% Plate XVII. STEEL RAILWAY SLEEPERS FINISHING. TOP ROLL Scale 3-1 Foot 82 long Plate XIX. CocciInG FoR I2 GIRDERS (STEEL) Scale 3-1 Foot I Y 8. 7% Ilona CoGGING. ROUGHING FOR I2 STEEL GIRDERS Scale 3-1 Foot ; l | | | 3% 10% t 6 104 5%, 1 Wt. ~~~ 5% 7, &%6 longa 10% Wye FINISHING FOR I2 STEEL 10 Wg Scale 3-1 Foot GIRDERS. 10% = Plate XX1 ROUGHING FOR II’ STEEL GIRDERS. ISt2 necks. Scale 3 = 1 Foot. $ $ 5 > 5 S aA Ede Nex = = RS is = S 0 g | > ies = Ss 2 S > S ae a 8 NS 2 SS | | j k ? 1% if 7 / / 1 7 7, Tn. 15), y “Y, 1 y y Tap 1% 106 ‘ 6% 10V4 t 6 it 6 9 CY Vly [My yi 5 | | 10% long ERRATUM. PLATE XXIII. Nore.—The width of grooves in blooming should be less than those in the roughing, and those of the roughing less than the finishing, and zo¢ as shown on drawing. This necessary “sfread” every roll-turner will provide for. See Plates XIX., XX., and XXI1. ; 12” girders. BLOOMING, ROUGHING, & FINISHING, FOR Ilx5¥% GIRDERS (STEEL) BULBS. Plate XXIV. ROUGHING FOR 8% To IO}2 BULBS. — Wy BEAM OR BULB ROUGHING (TOP ROLL) Scale 3 IE olavte . = cy bs 1b x &9 2 s = = g s ROUGHING FOR 6 6'2,7, 7/2 & 8 STEEL BULBS. Scale 3 | Foot. 5 > 3 xs X S im Wy > = ae \ rr | i et 7546 long FINISHING FOR 10% ~«% STEEL BULBS, Plaxe XXVIl. Scale 3'"— 1 Foot. Stalk Note: 1072 x14; T%v head Iie 1% B do. | | s SS = : a) SS 5 5 35 | | | Le a _ = =—2 as [3 SS 5 ~) 2% 10 76 tox B46 Is 708 3% 104 L AYe > Note 3s Collars for Ive 10% Bulbs, tn block figures as above 10 M16. 6.0% long 358 16 Necks Avis Ys2 [STEEL BULBS. See note below Scale 3-1 Foot 34 30/2 26 Up “ BS > w ~~ x ) & nN ads Q Q cS) long wil admit of bulbs up to 712 6x % STEEL BULBS. FULL SIZE. Plate XXX 8 STEEL BULBS 7 BULBS ( STEEL) | ~ oh ~S ee se sae ca a ay =a S 6%. g BN 4 = = i} Se _ 6B Bez NY \ [ 5 at bf RSS == 26 "to 26% TaPER GUAGE FOR COLLARS (FuLL SIZE) 601, BuLB ANGLE ROUGHING. 24% Seale 3'= 1 Foot. Vs S) SS 7 Ts x< ¢ 196 Plate XXXL. BULB ANGLES 7}, » 2. 2" oO | Foot. tete She St —- VG fi Plate XXXII ” BULL ANGLES 6) x 3. ------- Yee’ 3402 ---=---Y ao v. ao Ae, 7 OF- Ny oF ices Gebe ---- We Sf 7 Si ° ---- Sf S £ N fon § Bl : N ov N os oe - YES WL Gf Wy Oe 9 6/ e< i= Pian 6%x3 BULB ANGLES. FULL SIZE. | ST 6 x ¢ / ee ic va q y Ge ‘ | \ i al, Sa Se aa De ara as ae a = / 3RD 4TH Fuushing ; 7%x3 BULB ANGLES. Plate XXXIV. aD Oe Full Size grd Finishing ROUGHING FOR ANGLES. "5 clear at collars. Scale 3—1 Foot. ‘ & x x & = x zi > RS im i x is x a ISS i w > y > & > S S > > S x = € aN SS C & K |e sy = _ = x s es . : + 2aee ae ik % 2% > 5 > > 4 > i + > G 3 ee SS 7 x x & oN x GS S = ~ 3 ‘ aS ly 3 z S j 3g : BS AY > S S S S o Fs 5 6% 5 BYZ, 7 5% 5 My ‘ A 7. 722 long Plate XXXVI ANGLES 4 3 = | Foot Seale £66 86 5 6 XXXVIL Plate “Lf 67 SME Wi Of ANGLES. 1 Foot. 6h x 4 ai a) cale S Hey YO Plate XXXVIIL ANGLES. 1 Foot ou Scale, 3+ ~~ -=-- Hey Ga E.& FN. Spon,London &New York Ps eo 5 & OL ip) uu oi (2) z Ss = is S ice} %© & Ss & cS & S Ss sy ase J ee = 2 wat & SE as me S CS =~ ii = SS ~ ey cS Tt 9 x 1 ~ ~ 3 a =~ ~ Ny a = 3S — rte XLII. PI 5x4 ANGLES. : 8 a Plate XLII. ceo AN GEES: Scale 8-1 Foot. 6 RRS 2 88 e 2 8 = SW ot SS WS Se x LOZ a = 6S . mS S S e Ke) S oy > x%& ba > & ~~ DD oy a SD coy > a S: 2 : QR 2S S Ra SS a = SS sy i) So NN a) RN 2A 3 3 © | | s s 2 PAS < ~~ . f / 9 by SN 9 t Q ive = a : iF SS) N N ~ XQ ES} ~ S oa <3 27 Plate XLIV. oe 8) ANGLES. Scale 3 —1 Foot. | | | | | | | | | | | S | | | | | | | x = | \ / es 5 ne Bs f——-<< ip | | \ J gis | | | : ‘ ooh x x aS | 5 | | | | 3 ii ae 5% 4 ME } x Uy yt j 5 We / 6b £ Je 4 4 | : | | | | | | | G.6° lon | +} } | , | | Plate XLY. 4x 3% ANGLES. Top ROLL. Scale 3-1 Foot. 2 eS s, Ss IS SS BS se SoS Ss 2 g & & g Res SR 2 g x 2 © SS & ee 3 . “ 5 » i . af Sy NS x x x © R OH ak S © %® 2 © Bs E SU q d i oy = = > eo) = = = SS ~ ZS ~& < So se x 9 5 Re) S se &% ne co S55 = SS BN BS 3 SSS Se me SGX “2 oS a a Ss CQ = = & ~ a) CS gS) i) ab in) SS Ss 3 » SS 5.0 long te XLV 5*4 ANGLES. iT Full Size. — = = SSS —————— my TOP ROLL THREE FIRST GROVES 63° ANGLES. Plate XLVI Full Size. Plate XLVIII TOP ROLL THREE FIRST GROVES So AINCLES. Geos | TEES FUDD Sit ee Plate LI. (as Plate LIL FULL SIZE. x 4 TEES. 6 SPEEL TRAM RAILS. Full Size. Plate LIV. 96 [EBS PER YARD, SIPEEE TRAM ReAveeSi i sae == SSS eee 4 LBs PR YD BRIDGE RAILS, 22 LBs PR Yo FLANGE RAILS. & 24*2' ANGLES. ee ; Plate LVI. IS} ROUGHING: 3 HIGH, FOR 8 GUIDE MILL—GROOVES FULL SIZE. OS CoMPLETION OF | SF ROUGHING FOR 8 GuipE MILL—GrRooves FuLL SIZE. 2"° ROUGHING: 3 HiGH—DIAMONDS & OVALS FOR 8 GUIDE MILL. eee FINISHING FOR 8 GUIDE ;MILL— ROUNDS TO CORRESPOND | TO OVALS ABOVE. | IN Oates | | Top Roll THREE-HICH ROUGHING FOR 8 GUIDE MILL [2% ILLUSTRATION) GRooVES FULL SIZE. a <7 2ND RouGHiNG |DIAMONDS & Ovats) For IO’ Guipe MILL Plate 1X Grooves full Size. nond. \ F Works into D. FINISHING OVALS & ROUNDS FOR IO GuipE MILL ROLLS IN BOTH CASES 10" LonG OVALS TO CORRESPOND TO RouNDS DRAWN BELOW ED a a Zz Y / > aS 5 P| 6% 162 ROUGHING FOR 18 MILL. Scale 3-1 Foot 2 S) SS S |x R & = S 6%s Fs | oa | fo | YE 2s AN 7; : ; J wee Eee SASH BARS (5 SETS) FuLL SIZE Plate LXVIT | - H x ) / | -— aed \ } | | | —— = | | : } | <4 \ | | | > a | ) | | 4 / NS 2 | = = eee a | / [ \ = | ~ | FINISHING. ROUNDS 3,T0 5. FULL SIZE. Plate LXX FINISHING ROUNDS 52, 7, Plate LXXL Plate LXXIT BLOOMING FOR BILLETS FROM STEEL INGOTS. 54 | a 384 | | | J | Ze | » = Note: Zhe two first grooves to be used twice-viz:— piece to be edged & made square va | | | GoTHIC ROUGHING FOR LARGE ROUNDS &¢ FULL SIZE. FIRST SHEET-SEE PLATE LXXIV FOR COMPLETION. oS ! ~ we S SS ye ~< y Se Y wa Yew ‘ Vi W ie Ve Yo Vi jh / V ve ( Jp ye Va SN ee “ Aa _ \ - a = ae ae ~ Pa SS Wi NX B ~ Wa i y La NS / \ \ f \ . y ¥ CONTINUATION OF GOTHIC ROUGHING FOR LARGE ROUNDS SEE PLATE LXXIIl. GROOVES FULL SIZE. Seat Va 4A © / FLAT & EDGE LEADING GROOVES TO ROUGHING FOR LARGE ROUNDS SEE PLATE LXXIII. GRooves HALF SIZE. ve - _ x y ifs — FINISHING. TEES 4/2,x 2)2x 3% yi Sail Full Size Plate LXXV. Note: Gnpleted on Plate IXXVIL. 18° Mitt Rotts. FINISHING FOR STEEL FLANGE RAILS. GROOVES FULL SIZE. > Bloom to be 3% x54 STEEL FLANGE Ralts.I8’ Mitt-Futt Size Grooves. Note: Continuation of Plate LNXVI | | | Co a a : | Via \ | _| ~~ | ( : | | = | ———e Ye / \ | } 15" Per Metre | | ey, _ ye Se a | A RENN if \ ia 7 | a | | ) ae, \ ( a h || | | = | x 4 J | | bs - | ) af / | Ny ig | | | | || | | % | | || = a | | < — | | | Fig lV. SQUARE |FINISHING}. F yar \ D Z Ne vas S % Wi vi i ON A< xu Sy: Ve SCALE FOR SQUARE, DIAMOND, & CoTHIC GROOVES. / S METHOD OF DRAWING GROOVES FOR SQUARES, DIAMONDS, GOTHICs, Fig-V. DIAMOND (FOR ROUGHING ROLLS). a6 le 7, GotHic [FoR RouGHING RoLts). Fig-V1 Fig Vil. ROUND (FINISHING Fig ll. DIAMOND GROOVES FOR ROUGHING ROLLs. DRAFTED ACCORDING TO SGALE ON FIG. |. ee ee eo a You 4 YE La ra YE EGE Mle LLLLALLLLLA ROUNDS, & OVALS. Fig Vl. Fig.1X Fig. X. XVII e LXXVI j | | | aie — . a eT ae as Daa ’ See . > = = ea —— a em, een - g yea os i ie: Tach cana aD fee oe . | |