| aii th adn are tne teres it dla ft rey Te aS Mea F at oy vet LONDON TRADESMEN’S CARDS OF THE XVII CENTURY atl ordy IMs Raf Lao | ar 44 in ATRL YALE RA tS As ' (UN Fr 2 a d y { \ EW —— RS : SEN . " wes SS dS =! —<— ae oy Sigs 4 Ss SCH rrr et NAAN te SN x a9, . AVN 44 WeeeteWuaueahe se MUG wena! SS =; T the Sign of the Fi/b, in the Lower End of Black-Horfe- Alley, & at the Steps near Fleet-Bridge; Liveth William Browne, who Maketh all Sorts of Fifhing-Rods, Artificial Flyes, and Selleth Kerbie’s Hooks, the Indian-Weed, commonly called Grafs- Worms; Gentles, and all other Sorts of Fithing-Tackle. ie OLDS MITH A fteld 77€€ OS0H0. Makes, «hella ll Arts g f Gold x hve SY, Cele. Sorte, se ot hls e,at Y A Prd oS SWE ©): 2) ey) ZS Frontispiece LONDON TRADESMEN’S CARDS OF THE XVIII CENTURY AN ACCOUNT OF THEIR ORIGIN AND USE BY AMBROSE HEAL NEW YORK CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS 1925 This work is published in the United — States of America by Charles Scribner’s Sons, New York, andin Great Britain = by B. T. Batsford Ltd., London. - ied The American Edition is limited to 250 copies. Sse Printed in England sg at the Curwen Press, London Ea Reg a ‘ q 7 3 . a” \* § o Le |) ' a by Pe id PREFACE Ir is perhaps remarkable that no book has hitherto been published dealing with Tradesmen’s Cards. That they appeal to collectors is evidenced by the attention paid to examples which happen to come up for sale in the Auction Rooms; and that they have interest and charm for those with antiquarian tastes—or, indeed, any esthetic tastes at all—is apparent when a portfolio of them is shown. Not only has no book ever been published on the subjed, but references in archeological journals and collectors’ magazines are of the scantiest nature and hard to track. The would-be student of these engravings has little or no information to help him when gauging the possibilities that a collection of this nature might afford. It is with the intention, therefore, of making known the interests that are to be found in these Cards, and the hope that some infor- mation on the origins and uses of them may be useful, that this book has been compiled. To those who are already collectors, many of wider knowledge and more experience than mine, I cannot hope to bring much of interest. From these who know how wide the range of the subject is, I hope I may claim indulgence for any omis- sions in my selection of examples. To represent adequately all the vatieties of types and the immense number of trades within the compass of a single volume is well-nigh impossible. To the courteous officials of the Print Room and Library at the British Museum and the Victoria and Albert Museum I owe much help, and I gladly acknowledge all the ready assistance I have received _ from the Librarians of the Guildhall, the Bishopsgate Institute, and many other London libraries. The kindness of the Countess of Mayo has allowed me frequent access to the collections of the late Hon. Gerald Ponsonby; and many others, notably Lord Winterton, Dr. Philip Norman, Mr. Paul de Castro, Mr. E. Beresford Chancellor, Mr. John Charrington, Mr. D. Citroen, Mr. Arthur Hill, and Mr. Howard Levis, have given me valuable information. vi PREFACE The notes on Heraldry and Costume are the work of E. F. D. H., whose erudition on these and most other subjects connected with the work has been continually under contribution. The instigator of the book was Mr. A. J. A. Symons, Director of the First Edition Club, to whose relentless insistence its appearance is largely due; to him, also, I owe grateful acknowledgements for reading the proofs. It is, however, mainly the enthusiastic collabo- ration of Messrs. Batsford and the nucleus collection of plates got together some years before the war by the late Mr. Herbert Batsford and Mr. Percy J. Smith that have made the publication of the book in its present ample form at all possible. Beaconsfield, April, 1925. AGH. CONTENTS PAGE FRONTISPIECE Facing title-page PREFACE Vv eek, THE PURPOSES AND INTERESTS OF uk. ee Ne Vil VOL. TRADESMEN’S CARDS I THEIR HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT 9 SHOP SIGNS AND THE TRADESMEN’S CARDS 14 ARMS, EFFIGIES, AND OTHER EMBLEMS, WITH A LIST OF THOSE COMMONLY EMPLOYED 18 ARCHITECTURE AND COSTUME 26 . CURIOSITIES IN TRADESMEN’S CARDS, » WITH MEMORANDA OF THEIR OC- CURRENCE ) 36 HOGARTH TRADE CARDS 63 DESCRIPTION OF PLATES, WITH NOTES — 67-92 PLATES I-CI. INDEX 93 Poe CHAPTER THE PURPOSES AND INTERESTS OF TRADESMEN’S CARDS TRADESMEN’S CARDS—or the shorter form, ‘Trade Cards’—is the term in most general use for the engravings which form the subject of this monograph. It is not altogether a satisfactory term, and when applied to the early examples it is an inaccurate one, for these were not confined to the use of tradesmen, nor were they of pasteboard. It is, however, better than the alternatives, ‘Tradesmen’s Bills’ or ‘Shopkeepers’ Bills,’ although the latter was the one used by the eighteenth-century tradesman himself, for we find the printers who supplied them called themselves ‘Engravers of Shopkeepers’ Bills.’ It has not seemed expedient to revive this form, for they were used not solely by shopkeepers and for other purposes than for accounts. Nor does ‘ Tradesmen’s Bills’ commend itself. Strictly, the word ‘bill’ has the sense of a placard or advertisement, but more generally bears less pleasant associations which might deter the collector. ‘ Tradesmen’s Cards,’ therefore, best meets the case, despite the fact that they were not cards, but sheets of paper ranging up to folio size. This isthe term, moreover, sanctioned and now invariably used by those erudite gentlemen who compile the Book Sales catalogues and whose profound knowledgeis at once the admiration and despair of those who indulge in this insidious and delectableformof reading. Thetradesman’s catd with which we are familiar to-day is actually a card, and it is the impoverished descendant of the noble and distinguished-looking sheets which were in common use up till a hundred years ago. The reinforced variety on pasteboard was not generally adopted until the Victorian era, though I have seen one or two examples as early as 1780. The exact purpose of the Trade Card is not generally agreed upon. Some say that it was primarily as an account, and that it was frequently used for this purpose cannot be denied, for in many of the examples here shown the back of the Bill has been utilized in this way, and in many other instances, where space has permitted, the front of it has been so used also. That this was not its principal function I think is fairly conclusively shown by the fact that we find Tradesmen using the ordinary invoice heading for their accounts, and at the same B I 2 LONDON TRADESMEN’S CARDS time using the more ornate form of Trade Card for announcement purposes. Or, alternatively, one side will take the more elaborate form of the Trade Card, announcing a name and address, and setting forth a list of wares, while on the back of this will be a less decorative billheading starting off with the words ‘ Bought of’ and with ample space provided for the items of the account. Of these double-faced forms the one shown on Plate No. XLI. of Matthew Pearson, Haberdasher at the Roya/ Point in Tavistock Street, Covent Garden, is a good example. The illustration shows the more decora- tive and informing side, but on the back of this is a condensed billhead with an account made out in the name of Mrs. Garrick for lengths of dress material—‘Shaneal’ (Chenille), ‘'Taffety,’? ‘White Sattin,’ and so forth. This account is dated 1774, two years previous to David Garrick’s last appearance on the stage. As I have mentioned, there are numerous examples where the Trade Bill has been used for short accounts or for giving memoranda of prices, but when these occur on the face, it is only where the blank space provides an opportunity. At other times the back of the Bill is used for this purpose. More usually, and in all the best examples, the engraving giving the Trader’s name, his sign and his address, and the setting forth of the list of his wares occupies the whole of the face of the Bill, except for the well-proportioned margins which are an integral part of the design of all carefully planned pages. This announcement, then, of his shop is the first and principal use of the Tradesman’s Card, and much skill has gone to the making of it. Numerous as the examples ate which have been used for the purpose of accounts, by far the majority found in public and private collections have no writing on them at all, and in selecting examples for this book I have, whenever possible, given only those Cards which are not defaced by accounts. Where accounts occur on the backs of specimens I have not necessarily rejeCted them, for the accounts are often extremely interesting in themselves, giving the descriptions and the prices of goods, and fixing the dates when these forms were actually used. It is not always easy to assign accurate dates to Tradesmen’s Cards, for although they bear indications of their period, the same form lingered on for many years. The name of a firm does not necessarily change on the death of its proprietor, nor the Sovereign’s head on the Sign at the death of the reigning monarch. Queen Anne, PURPOSES AND INTERESTS 3 though dead, still persisted on Trade Cards of the reign of George the Third. I have in my collection one delightful example of the un- daunted spirit long endeared to us by ‘The Vicar of Bray.’ This particular specimen emanated from a well-known firm of Blacking Manufacturers whose name is a household word and whose admirable product is happily still with us. The legend on this egregiously economical Billhead runs thus: *SsO AND SO, SO AND SO AND CO. BLACKING MANUFACTURERS TO MAJESTY’ No turn in the affairs of State found this astute manufaCturer of boot polish unprovided for—he just filled in the accommodating blank, ‘His’ or ‘Her’ as the case demanded, and went on gaily making blacking. Sometimes the Cards were called ‘ Shop-bills or Message-cards,’ but of their use as communications I have found no actual examples —merely contemporary references to the term. I have gone into this question of the right or primary use of the Tradesman’s Card rather fully, as it is apt to be misconceived, and the distinction between the Trade Card and the Billhead is not always easy to draw, but at least we may be sure that, however ornate and elaborate the form may be, if it contains the words ‘Bought of ....’ then we may know that it is a Billhead and no true Trade Card. So far, then, I have tried to define the term Trade Card, to justify the use of that term in preference to other names for it, and to describe its uses. I propose now to put forward some reasons why the Trade Card has an interest for any of us, and what is its particular interest for the collector. | I fully realize that the Tradesman’s Card is an advertisement. I have tried to show that its primary use is that of an advertisement. I make no higher claim for it than that, though I realize that the uses of advertisement are not sweet to all. Many of these uses and methods— one need not particularize further—are distasteful in the extreme. But the old time tradesman’s card is a Straightforward announcement of his wares: it tells you where they are to be found, it gives his name, the sign of his shop, or his number in the street. It does this without palaver, without unseemly parade, and without pretence that it is either a sermon or a novelette. It does it in aseemly way, often ina vety decorative and interesting way. It avoids those errors against 4 LONDON TRADESMEN’S CARDS good taste into which some of our modern advertisers are so easily beguiled. The lettering in the early examples is almost uniformly of a high standard of achievement; the design, or, as advertising men say, ‘the layout,’ is dignified and well spaced, the ornament well drawn and the copper-plate engraving is highly accomplished. To anyone with a liking for old things the Trade Card must make an irresistible appeal. It is so convincingly of its own time. There is no affeation of the pseudo-antique, nor does it attempt to be cleverly up to date. It is the plain statement of the shopkeeper or merchant to his customer. It has the quaintness of its period, the characteristic phrasing, the picturesque quality of the old world wares, described by fine resonant names: Grograms, Padusoys, Callimancoes, Lutestrings, Prunellas and the like, long since fallen into disuse, but everyday words of their time. | The old Signs that hung over the shop doors and are reproduced on the Traders’ Cards are of great antiquity and interest. The names of the old streets, many of which have long since been swept away, such as ‘Knaves’ Acte,’ ‘Rosemary Lane,’ ‘Wendegaynlane,’ take one’s imagination quite apart from their historical or topographical connections. In those cases where an account is made out on the back there is the interest of comparing the prices of those days with our own. To come across an item like “154 yds Blue and White Clouded and Flower’d Lustring at 7/- a yard.’ or one that appears in another of Mrs. Garrick’s bills rendered by Jeremiah Hawkes, Mercer at The Wheatsheaf in ‘Tavistock Street, which reads “18 yds Pompadour strip’d and figured Sattin at 6/- a yard.’ is to be brought face to face with something which combines the quality of a romance and the excitement of a bargain sale. Apart from the archeological interests mentioned, Tradesmen’s Cards provide various records. The earlier examples, comprising the Sign of the house or a City Company, have distiné heraldic value. The later ones, wherein street scenes are frequently met with, illustrate architecture and costume. To the student of commetce they are first-hand evidence of markets and prices, to the artist they have a quality and a technique which is worth consideration. PURPOSES AND INTERESTS 5 The collecting of these little engravings has a peculiar fascination. It leads along one of those pleasant, sequestered bypaths of that curiously detached country known only to collectors. One of its chief attractions is that it is so little frequented. To the man who likes to regard his collection as an investment, this form of collecting affords no opportunities—a display of his portfolios will fail to create any great impression on the bulk of his acquaintances. There are no highly sensational finds such as provide meat and drink to the collector of early editions—no First Folio in the ‘Tuppenny Box.’ To those who can deny themselves these fierce delights, to those who can afford to spend a little money and a good deal of patience on the pursuit—to the humble but keen colleétor—the Trade Card presents advantages which the better known branches of the collectors’ art do not enjoy. There are, of course, the disadvantages of this quality of modesty. The object of your search can elude you in a tantalizing way. Fre- quently you go into what looks like a promising little print shop, and the proprietor will not have heard of such a thing as a Trade Card. He regards you with polite tolerance mingled with suspicion. He wishes to give you the impression that he is more familiar with the term Art than that of Trade. The name does not command his respect. He allows you to leave his shop with little show of regret at your short stay. At the larger and better known print dealers you will find little enthusiasm for so humble a commodity, except in a few of the more discriminating shops. I find the simplest way 1s to carry a few specimens in my pocket in order to save explanations. Nor will the salerooms prove more produttive. You will search the fascinating catalogues of those haunts of wealthy collectors in Bond Street or Leicester Square for months on end without lighting ona single lot. Now and again, it is true, private collections will come under the hammer, all beautifully mounted on thick cards and care- fully tabulated under the headings of various trades, or according to their topographical interests, but these are rare and wonderful days. To the colle€tor who is of the aristocracy, he who buys Early Manuscripts, Incunabula, Ming China, Enamels, Ivories, Italian Primitives, Waterford Glass and the like, to him come post haste the sumptuously illustrated catalogues, and at his stupendous bidding the voices of the crowd at Christie’s sink to a respectful hush. 6 LONDON TRADESMEN’S CARDS Not so, but far otherwise, is the way of the Trade Card Collector. His quiet path lies alongside that of the diligent seeker after the lesser known antiquities. He is the man, for example, who patiently puts together print by print, cutting by cutting, the history of some small lovable village now engulfed in Greater Suburbdom. Or he, again, it is, who confines his passion to the less sought after rariora, such as Fire Insurance plates, the old brasses from horse trappings, the small wates turned in wood, ‘coloured juveniles,’ or perhaps in lighter moments—valentines. For the likes of him are the little shops in the by-Streets, or in the small country town. A sharp eye and an indefatigable spirit of the chase ate needed by the picker-up of these less considered trifles. With these, and. on his own chosen ground, he can hold his own with the rich man, nor are the snares of the unprincipled dealer laid for such quiet folk. His modest way is untroubled by the wiles of the professional faker or the ingenious ‘restorer.’ It is worth nobody’s while to produce elaborate fakes of such simple things. True there ate a few reprints of cards which have been engraved by, or attributed to, Hogarth (see p. 63), but these are aimed at another and more wealthy class of amateur, and will not often beguile the true collector of Trade Cards, whose concern is not primarily with celebrated artists and such like, but with the old shopkeeper and his quaint wares, or his old street. | Indeed, it is just because people have failed to set store by these modest sheets, it is precisely because they were such comnion affairs of everyday life, that they have not been preserved. Old boxes of bills, put aside perhaps for generations and forgotten a hundred years ago, now and again come to light; in the pattern-books of dead and gone engravers, in old scrap-books and other odd hiding places unsuspected stores of Trade Cards may be hidden. | It is curiously aloof and detached, this by-way of collecting. It is not bound up with any notabilities in history or literature or the stage. Even the most proficient Trade Card engravers, such as Bickham, Cole, Fourdrinier, and Wilkes are known only to the few. In this respect it is unlike the somewhat similar, but much more popular quest of the Bookplate collector or that of those rarer birds, the collectors of Invitation Tickets, Tickets for Theatrical Benefits, Pleasure Gardens and Fétes, and those for Lotteries or for Funerals; though to this group our collector of Trade Bills is most nearly akin. PURPOSES AND INTERESTS , In all this it may be said that I have only put forward a very negative claim for the interest of my subject, yet within its limits it has a very definite call on the consideration of those who have a concern for the Customs and Fashions of the past two hundred years. As records of the old streets, the signs of the old traders, and the descriptions of their wates, these Cards give the closest indications. Some, too, as I said, afford intimate glimpses of the architecture and costume of their times. For their esthetic qualities, those of the eighteenth century are far in advance of our equivalents of to-day. The lettering is invariably well drawn and well spaced, and the designing of the devices, if sometimes crude, is always direct and interesting. They reflect the att of the engraver through two centuries. Though essentially a humble instrument of either advertisement or invoice—or both—the Tradesman’s Card is a source of wide archzo- logical interest. It is just because of its common workaday purpose that its value as a record is so true, and this it is that gives it a touch of vitality that many volumes of historical research do not possess. Thete is about these old prints an attractive something which many an old shop has: a delightful air of quaintness that is irresistible. They catty with them the prosaic, uneventful day-to-day history of their trade, the changes in Fashion—themselves the reflection of the influences of a wider world—the development or decay of an industry. In their way they have a touch of romance. Not, perhaps, the Romance of Commerce as we have it described to us in our own, and more particularly in American magazines, but the plain tale of the shop- keeper, proud enough of his trade and his distinctive device to have his advertisement sheets well designed, beautifully lettered and finely engraved. LONDON TRADESMEN’S CARDS 0 ar Pst = Sc, Pall z | HG Horne rea Leal 0 de Ly oi an Tat erly es Sho by dh at the ne 0 YT df Von (Shiset leare mes, / lu poe pis vibel 1g Matest | a (Bstale CHAPTER I HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT JupGING from the scarcity of examples which can be definitely assigned to the seventeenth century, we may assume that the T'rades- man’s Card had hardly come into general use before the beginning of the eighteenth century. Specimens dating from 1700 to 1720 are also exceedingly rare, and a careful search through many collections has failed to produce more than a few score which can be definitely so dated. Others might be assumed, judging from their general character, to be as early, but where evidence as to date has not been traceable I have preferred to omit definite mention. It may be premised of these very early cards that many of them are either those we should now class as belonging to the professions or to those trades which, generally speaking, served the more educated classes: Arms-painters, Auctioneers, Booksellers, Makers of Scientific Instru- ments, Moneylenders, Opticians, Surgeons, and Writing Masters are those mostly met with. At that time the printed word was still little understood by the common folk, and this naturally restricted the use of the Trade Card to a limited circle. That which is believed to be the earliest English Trade Card known is in the form of a plain type-printed sheet, and runs as follows: Whosoever shall desire to purchase or put to Sale . . . through the want of present money May eyther in their owne names, or in the name of any other trusted by them, have secure means with all Priuacy requisite; for the speedy effe&ting what shall be desired. At the Porcht-house against St. Andrewe’s Church in Holborne London. God save our gracious King Charles. This strikes a note familiarised to us by the alluring letters which so often brighten our breakfast tables to-day, but we sadly miss the sonorous old English names which commonly grace these helpful offers to the temporarily embarrassed. Indeed, the stark anonymity of this one casts an air of suspicion which the sanctity of the “Porcht House against St. Andrewe’s Church’ barely dispels. The date of this Card cannot be later than 1630, for six copies of it were found bound as end papers into a book which was published in that year. Of these, however, two copies were very defective. There are, therefore, only four perfect ones known, of which one was sold when 9 IO LONDON TRADESMEN’S CARDS Mr. J. E. Hodgkin’s Collection came under the hammer at Sotheby’s in 1914. Another extremely tare example occurred in the same sale: that of William Thorpp, bookseller, dated 1664, and of this it was said that only one other impression was known to exist. Below the Sign of Ise Hand and Bible runs the inscription— ‘Printed for William Thorpp Bookseller in the City of Chester and are to be sould by him there at his shop at the Hand and Bible neere the high Crosse and at the Stationers Armes in the Watergate Street where alsoe Books both new and Old are to bee bound and sold.’ The very earliest Trade Card that I have in my own colledtion is that of Sylvanus Morgan, issued in the Sixteen Sixties just about the time of the publication of his Sphere of Gentry, which came out in 1661. The engraving of the Sign of William Camden’s Head is taken from Gaywood’s portrait. The text reads: ‘Sylvanus Morgan is now returned to his former howse at the North- east corner of the Royal Exchange at the sign of the Camden’s Head and City’s Armes whete you may have Armes, Pedegrees, Funeral Escoutcheons, Ensignes Cornetts, Drums, Trumpett Banners or spire drawne accord- ing to Heraldry, also Palls of Velvit.’ Another early example is that of Henry Gyles, a Glass Painter, and the date of it is probably about ten years later than that of his brother artist, Sylvanus Morgan, about 1670. Henry Gyles’ Card has the distinction of being a Mezzotint en- graving, possibly the only Trade Card for which this process was used. Searchers after rare Trade Cards at the British Museum will not find this example under that heading: it is classed under Mezzotint Portraits by Francis Place. The inscription reads: ‘Glass Painting for windows, as Armes, Sundyals, History, Landskipt etc. Done by Henry Gyles of the City of York.’ In Chaloner Smith’s British Mexzotinto Portraits this work is de- scribed in detail, and Thoresby mentions that the print was “wrought in mezzotinto, when that att was known to few others, by the cele- brated Mr. Francis Place.’ Henry Gyles resided at York, 1640-1700, and founded a school of glass painters there. In 1687 he painted a window at University College, Oxford. In the Hodgkin Sale was a curious Broadside, said to be unique, HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT II of The King’s [James IT] Bagnio in Long Acre, with an engtaving of the Bath, and giving its dimensions, charges, etc. This was dated 1686. A small, but particularly representative, collection of Trade Cards of the latter half of the seventeenth century is to be found in the two large volumes devoted to London topographical prints, maps, etc., in the Pepysian Library at Magdalene College, Cambridge. Amongst these forty cards are four very interesting ones of Cutlers:—John Best ‘at Mace y* corner of Lumbard Street next y* Stocks Market,’ Thomas Bickerstaff ‘liveing at the Signe of y’ Ha/berd in Princes Streete,’ John Cooke, at the Signe of The Shears in little Lombard Street, and Nicholas Croucher at y* Flaming Sword in S! Paul’s Churchyard. The card that bears the earliest date in this collection is that of ‘ John Short Wollen-Draper at the Signe of Te Black-Swan and Parrat in Cannon Streete.” On it are the arms of the Merchant Taylors Company and the date 1654. _ Two other rare Cards are mentioned by J. E. Hodgkin in his Rariora, both by William Hogarth. One is that of James Figg, prize- fighter, which, according to Ireland in his Hogarth I/uStrated, had then fetched as much as £8 8s.; the other is that of Peter de la Fon- taine, goldsmith, which forms the frontispiece of this book. A decorative class of ‘Trade Card is the woodcut of the first half of the eighteenth century. A very early example, which is to be found in the Bagford Collection at the British Museum, ts that depicting a Calico Printer at work, with his small assistant colouring his blocks. Green’s History of the English People attributes this to the reign of James II. (See Plate IX.) Two other typical woodcuts are illustrated on Plates XVIII and LXXVI. We now come to the palmy days of the Trade Card, from 1720 to 1770. This period stands out, not only on account of the high excellence of the engraving, but also because of the interest attaching to the Traders’ Signs, rendered in a highly decorative manner by the accomplished ‘Engravers of Shop Bills,’ as they called themselves. It is interesting at this point to note the development in motive. To begin with, we find that the important feature is the Sign, more ot less heraldically treated, and below it a simple panel of well-drawn lettering. Of this group the following are the most typical examples: Plates Nos. IJ, IV, XXVIII, XLUI, LV, LVI, LXII, LXV, XCV. 12 LONDON TRADESMEN’S CARDS In the second stage the Traders’ Sign is still the predominant feature, but instead of the severely simple treatment it is now enclosed in an ornamental frame characteristically shown in Plates Nos. XVII, XIX, XXI>-XXXVIL “XE ey ce EVIL EX aeV EXC: At the third development the Sign is still retained, but yields pride of place to the representation of wares which figure prominently in the design of the ornamental frame, as reference to the following Plates will show: Frontispiece, 1, XX XVIII, XLVI, XLVI, LXX, UXXX: LXXXI. In many of these plates the influences of Thomas Chippendale and the vogue for chinoiseries are plainly manifest. An alternative was to reduce the Sign to a still more subservient position and devote the main interest of the design to a rather elaborate and symbolic representation of the trade, as in— Plate No. XI. Richard Siddall, Chymist at the Golden Head, in Panton Street. Plate No. XLIX. Mrs. Holt’s Italian Warehouse at ye Two Olive Posts in ye Broad Part of the Strand. 3 and Plate No. LX XII of Richard Warren the Perfumer at the Golden Fleece in Mary le Bonne Street. Next we come to the period when the Sign has disappeared altogether, and the interest is entirely confined to the display of goods. The numbering of the houses has not yet been adopted on the Cards, but instead of the Sign we get a descriptive form of address, such as occurs on the card of— Richard Severn, Jeweller & Toyman, the Corner of Paul’s- Grave-Head-Court near Temple Barr, London. Here we find the fashion of the Trade Card necessarily following on the enforced abolition of the old hanging Signs in 1762, when the numbering of the houses began to take its place. This transition is shown in the following: Plates Nos. XXIV, XX XIII, LX XIII, XCII. A very favourite variant of this method of supplanting the old Sign with conventional designs embodying the wares of the shop was to 4 HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT 13 introduce a scene giving a pictorial representation of the trade being Pamcdson, as in Plates Nos. XX XIV, LII, LI, LX VII, LX VII, LXIX, LXXVII. This style of design was a very favourite one of William Hogarth, a list of whose Trade Cards will be found on p 63. The last development which is covered by the period dealt with in this book is that wherein street numbering has begun to be adopted generally, and a classic form of decoration, reflecting the prevalent Style of ornament brought into fashion by the brothers Adam, is the characteristic feature. J. Seago, Printseller and Bookseller, High Street, St. Giles’, near Tottenham Court Road, was probably something in the nature of a ‘last ditcher,’ and stood out against the new-fangled notion of numbering. He was not, however, entirely unswayed by the move- ment towards a new elegance, for the graceful design shown on Plate II is a distin advance on his former Card, which gives a very unprepossessing portrait of an uncouth looking old ruffian labelled “Old Simon,’ a notorious character in St. Giles’ about 1780. These latter-day refinements, both of design and orderliness, are represented ine: Plate No. II. Seago, Printseller, High Street, St. Giles’. Plate No. XX VI. Law, Dentist, 10 St. Albans Street, Pall Mall. and Plate No. XXXII. Ross, Frame-maker, 113 Gt. Portland Street. With the beginning of the nineteenth century the design of the Trade Card began to deteriorate sadly. The lettering still retained a great deal of the old charm, but the tradition soon got overlaid by the affectations of the Victorian era. These later Cards, however, though lacking in distin¢ction, still have a quaint interest of their own time. CHAPTER III , SHOP SIGNS AND THE TRADESMEN’S CARDS THE CONNECTION between the old Shop Sign and the Trade Card is necessarily a very close one. It has been seen in the previous chapter how the Trade Card began by being a simple rendering of the Shop Sign, and how as these Signs fell into disuse it gradually became elaborated and ornamented with the representations of the shop- keepet’s wares, and finally how, when the street numbering became firmly established, the Sign itself was altogether ousted. It is interesting, therefore, to look into the history of signboards, and anyone who wishes to study this fascinating subject should read Larwood and Hotten’s Hisfory of Signboards, 1866, and Mr. Philip Norman’s London Signs and Inscriptions, though this latter refers more particularly to sculptured Signs. The late Mr. F. G. Hilton Price did a great deal of valuable research work in this direction, much of which will be found in the Records of the London Topographical Society, Vols. Il, II, IV, and V, as well as in his own books, The Signs of Old Lombard Street, The Signs of Old Fleet Street, and the articles which appeared in the Middlesex and Hertfordshire Notes and Queries, on the Signs of the old houses in the Strand in theseventeenth and eighteenth centuries. With the assistance of these authorities I have made the following quite elementary notes. The Egyptians seemed to have made occasional use of inscriptions to draw attention to the whereabouts of a trade. Whether the Greek Signs were carved or painted or merely displayed the natural object, is uncertain from the references made by Aristotle. The more general practice of the Romans, as we may still see at Pompeii, was a panel in telief beside the shop front. The earliest forms were some simple object typical of the trade—a hand for the glover, a bunch of grapes for the vintner. In the Middle Ages coats-of-arms, crests and badges began to be used, for as particular trades were confined to particular Streets the trader felt the need for some more individual and distin@ive Sign. Sometimes the shopkeeper’s own name would suggest a rebus, as Robert Legg Upholsterer at the Sign of ye Leg in Holborn (compare Plate No. XCIX). After the Great Fire it became more common to have the Sign carved on a stone panel and let into the face of the building, but the 14 SHOP SIGNS 15 old hanging Signs were either fixed to the front of the house or to a post standing in front of it; in both cases the supporting ironwork was used as a decorative feature. When these supports became dilapi- dated they were a source of danger to the wayfarer, and public opinion called for their dismissal. Most people could by then read sufficiently well to decipher a name or a number, so a mote convenient method was wanted. The removal of the Signs was proclaimed, and in 1762 they began to be cleared away, and the numbering of the Streets to be instituted. Previous to this, however, Great Prescott Street, in Goodman’s Fields, had, in 1708, led the way to the innova- tion by numbering the houses after the manner of the staircases in the Inns of Court and Chancery. The last streets to keep their Signs hanging were Wood Street and Whitecross Street, where they remained till 1773.* In the history of Trade Cards this period is an all-important one, as the presence or absence of the number of the house will help us to determine the date of the Card. For many years the Sign continued to be used on the Tradesman’s Card as the mark of the house, supple- menting the numbers, and in many Cards the transition may be noted, the number being spatchcocked into the old copper-plate. The art of the sign-painter had its headquarters in Harp Alley, Shoe Lane, though besides the ordinary practitioner many famous attists were induced to turn their hands to sign-painting. Of these, Clarkson is known to have painted the Shakespeare’s Head, in Little Russell Street, Drury Lane, for which he is said to have received £500. Others were John Baker (one of the original R.A.’s); Charles Catton, R.A., who did one for Wright, the famous coachmaker in Long Acte; Cipriani, also an R.A.; Samuel Wale, R.A., and the marine painter, Smitke, R.A. Hogarth and Morland both painted Signs, and that by David Cox at the Roya/ Oak at Bettws-y-Coed is still well known to visitors. Just recently there have been slight evidences of a revival in this ancient craft, and one or two of our decorative painters have produced some good signboards. It will strike many that there frequently occurs a curious lack of connection between the Sign and the trade carried on under it. *Wheatley, in his London Past and Present, referring to a house, on the site of which now Stands part of the Grand Hotel, quotes the following statement from Smith’s Nodlekens: ‘This house was No. 1 Strand and was the first house in London that was numbered.’ 16 LONDON TRADESMEN’S CARDS Addison, writing to The Speéfator, says: ‘I would enjoin every shop- keeper to make use of a sign which bears some affinity to the wares in which he deals. A cook should not live at Te Boot nor a shoe- maker at the Roasted Pig.’ Such incongruity was often accounted for by the fact that when one tradesman succeeded to a shop where a different trade had been carried on he retained the old Sign, if it was a well-known one, and a landmark in the distriét. Or again, if he wished to retain the old Sign, for this or some other reason, and at the same time felt the necessity of having one which was appropriate to his own calling, he would not scruple to combine the two symbols. Occasionally this was done with rather incongruous results, as in the case of The Three Nuns and a Hare, The Lamb and Dolphin, The Bull and Bedpost. It was quite common, too, for a young tradesman starting on his own account to add to his own Sign that of the master whom he had served. Other combinations, which on the face of them do not seem to have any particular connection, are the result of corruption, as in the case of the famous old London coaching inn, Te Bull and Mouth, which is generally supposed to have come from Boulogne Mouth—the entrance to Boulogne Harbour, that town having been taken by Henry VIII; though another theory that it might have originally been the Bowl and Mouth seems less far-fetched. Some again were, no doubt, the outcome of lack of understanding; for example, in the case of I'he Leg and Star, this was possibly nothing else than the two insignia of the Order of the Garter—the garter being appropriately represented on the leg. The Leg and Seven Stars is but the attempt of one tradesman to outshine another by annexing a larger constellation, though the Seven Stars of the Pleiades is a well- known Masonic emblem. One publican near Bristol went the length of putting up The Fourteen Stars. Curious Signs are such as Ie Red M. and Dagger, The Pistol and L.., The Piftol and C.; the initial being that of the shopkeepet’s name, or that of one of his predecessors. A reference is made in Larwood and Hotten to these Signs: ‘The Sign (that of The Red M. and Dagger) occuts among the Bagford Bills; there is a similar one amongst the Banks Bills—T he P7sfol and C., the sign of John Crook, a tazor maker in the Great Turnstile, Holborn, circa 1787; the bill represents a renaissance scutcheon with a pistol, above it a C and surgical instruments disseminated on the field.” Compare Plate No. LXXXI. A similar Sign appears on the Trade Card of Edward SHOP SIGNS 17 Tymperon, tazor maker at The E.T. and Crown in Russell Street, Drury Lane. | But the study of the Signboard is an immense subject in itself, and can only be slightly touched on here in conneétion with its bearing on the Trade Card. Another offshoot of the Signboard is the Tradesman’s Token, a subject which has fascinated many colleCtors and on which much has been written. To colle€tors of London Tokens, J. H. Burns’ book on the Beaufoy Collection is well known; this and Akerman’s Tradesmen’s Tokens will be found useful to the searchers after old Signs. At the time of the coronation of King Edward VII the great bankers and insurance companies of Lombard Street met together and decided that the most appropriate form of street decoration they could contribute to the occasion was to revive the old Signs belonging to their street. This suggestion was adopted by twenty-three of the companies and a unique and interesting scheme of street decoration was the result. Unhappily only seven of these have been allowed to remain. Of Signs still to be seen in our streets a few examples persist— the Barber’s Pole and the Three Golden Balls (originally Three Blue Balls) of the pawnbrokers are those most frequently met with. Other devices occasionally seen are the Atm and Hammer of the gold- beater, the Kettle and the Hat which hang in front of ironmongers’ and hatters’ shops, the Fishing Rod and Dangling Trout over the fishing tackle shops, the Roll of Tobacco and the Highlander outside the tobacconists’. These and a few still rarer signs are all that remain. In the last few years there have been encouraging signs of a revival of the art of the sign-painter, and a concerted effort, were it made by the tradesmen, might well lead to an added gaiety in our streets. Indeed, the work of many of our modern artists is well suited to the symbolic treatment of shop signs, and there are many designers quite capable of producing most interesting decorations if our traders would provide the opportunities. CHAPTER IV ARMS, EFFIGIES, AND OTHER EMBLEMS IN TRADESMEN’S CARDS ROYAL ARMS Where the Royal Arms are displayed on the Tradesman’s Card we get an indication of its date. Thus where we have a shield showing in the 1s Grand Quarter, England and France quarterly 2 ore x Scotland Rice ~ _Lteland Ath. cee: 7 England and France quarterly the date is confined to the reigns of the Stuart Kings, 1603-1689. With the accession of William and Mary in 1689 the Stuart arms were differenced with the arms of Nassau. In 1702, when Queen Anne came to the throne, there was a reversion to the Stuart arms until the Union with Scotland in 1707, after which date we get: ; 1st and 4th Grand Quarters. England impaling Scotland. 2nd - sy France. 3rd _ 3. aLreland: On the advent of the House of Hanover, George I, 1714, we get a change in the 4th Grand Quarter which, instead of repeating the 1st Grand Quarter, is now devoted to the arms of Hanover, but from Januaty 1st, 1801, the arms of France disappeared, and we get quarterly: 1st and 4th England. 2nd Scotland. Ser Ireland. Over all, on an escutcheon of pretence, Hanover. These arms were borne from 1801 until 1837, when, on the accession to the throne of Queen Victoria, the arms of Hanover were removed. Tradesmen’s Cards bearing Royal Arms are shown on Plates Nos. V, VI, XU, X XVI, XXXIV, and XLVI. 18 ARMS, EFFIGIES, AND OTHER EMBLEMS 19 ARMS OF COMPANIES, GUILDS, ETC. The arms of the City of London are quite often displayed, usually in conjunction with those of the Company appropriate to the man’s trade. Instances amongst the illustrations here given will be found in Plate No. II]. Thomas Pickett, ‘Citizen and Brazier.’ » No. XVI. Casaltine and Mathews, Clothiers. Arms of the City Guilds will be found in Plate No. X. Carpenters’ Company. » No. LXXVII. Pinmakers’ Company. » No. LXXXIX. Tallow Chandlers’ Company. Beeb. ACY. Turners’ Company. Badges of the London Assurance, the Sun, and the Royal Exchange Fire Insurance Companies are introduced into the Card of John Bristow, engine maker (see Plate No. XXXII). At ‘Mrs. Holt’s Italian warehouse at ye Two Olive Posts in ye Broad part of the Strand’ (see Plate No. X LIX) are proudly displayed the arms of the Medici family, more, one imagines, by way of introducing a little local colour than by any prescriptive right. ROYAL EFFIGIES Effigies of Royal Personages are fairly frequently met with, and examples are found of most of the reigning monarchs and their consorts through nearly four centuries. An interesting one of Queen Elizabeth occurs on the Card of ‘Thomas Paulin, mercer, at The Statue of Queen Elizabeth in Tavistock Street, Covent Garden,’ engraved by Sherborne, and a notable Portrait Sign is reproduced on the beautifully engraved Card of ‘Joseph Trigge, Mercer, At the Sign of Queen Eliza- beth’s Head within three doors of St. Paul’s in Ludgate Street.” When this Sign was painted it attracted so much attention that Tbe Spectator, January 8, 1743, said: ‘The other day, going down Ludgate Street, several people were gaping at a very splendid sign of Queen Elizabeth which far excelled all the other signs in the street, the painter having shown a masterly judgment and the carver and gilder much pomp and splendour. It looked rather like a capital picture in a gallery than a sign in the Street.’ 20 LONDON TRADESMEN’S CARDS A comprehensive Sign is that which is given on the Card of “Thomas Small, haberdasher, at the Three Protestant Queens in Cheapside,’ dated 1727. This combines the effigies of Queens Elizabeth, Mary, and Anne. On the Card of a Quack Doétor is to be seen a delightful incident in the life of George III, described thus: ‘His Majesty on the Esplanade at Weymouth graciously accepting a Box of Chings Patent Worm Lozenges which was presented to him as a Patent Medicine.’ The King in tricorne hat, kneebreeches and sword complete—his benefactor kneels before him. : EFFIGIES OF SAINTS Exceedingly few instances of Saints occur on Tradesmen’s Cards, presumably owing to the fact that the Patron Saint had passed away with the Reformation before the day of the Trade Card. On the old Signboard they had been quite usual—St. Crispin for the Shoemakers, St. Martin for the Printers and Booksellers, St. Dunstan for the Goldsmiths. St. George was a general patron and the particular Saint of the metropolis. St. Peter and his Cross Keys were adopted by Locksmiths, St. Catherine with her Wheel was a charge in the Turners’ Arms, and St. Lawrence’s Gridiron in the Arms of the Girdlers’ Company; this last saint also sanctified the Sign and Trade Card of the B/ossoms Inn of Lawrence Lane, Cheapside. The emblems appro- priate to the evangelists were, however, quite common on the Signboards—The Eagle of St. John, The Lion of St. Mark, The Bull of St. Luke, and The Ange/ of St. Matthew. Among the few Saints that do figure on Trade Cards is one that occurs on a mid-eighteenth-century example issued from ‘James Watson at his Scots Holland warehouse in Charles Street, Covent Garden,’ where St. Andrew is portrayed though not proclaimed. On another Card the Szgn of Sz. Peter is borne by a locksmith. A third Saint appears on a large and finely engraved Card in the time of George ITI, the text of which, rather curiously, is entirely in French. It is that of ‘Thomas Moore, Marchand fabricant de Bas et Bonneterie de la Majesté Britanique demeurant 4 /’ Enseigne de I’ Evesque Blaze dans Chiswell Street.’ The holy Bishop is portrayed holding a Bible in one hand and bearing in the other the emblem of his martyrdom—an iron ARMS, EFFIGIES, AND OTHER EMBLEMS 21 comb. It is this instrument which connects him with the Wool- combers, whose Patron Saint he is. This interesting Card is reproduced on Plate No. XLVII, and it will be noticed that there are two some- what incongruous pendants to this Cappadocian Bishop of the first centuty—a “bas de Soye’ and a primitive type of umbrella. POETS, ARTISTS, AND SCIENTISTS Men of Letters adorn the Cards of many Booksellers: those met with ate Chaucer, Ben Jonson, Dryden, Erasmus, Horace, Pope, Otway, Seneca, Shakespeare, and Virgil; and the Heads of Archimedes and Sit Isaac Newton appear on those of makers of scientific instruments, those of Glauber and of Paracelsus on chemists’, Hogarth’s Head is displayed on the Card of John Smith, Map and Printseller of Cheap- side, drawn by C. Vanloo and engraved by Clowes, and also on the Card of Ryall and Withy, Booksellers and Printsellers at Te Hogarth Head and Dial, Salisbury Court and Fleet Street. A portrait of the practitioner himself is given on Plate No. LXXXVIII of Charles Peter. Another instance of the Portrait Card is that of Christopher Pinch- beck, Senr., clockmaker, who invented the copper and zinc alloy named after him. The Quack Dodtor Eldridge too— The Norwich Artist’—is a notable example in the Banks Collection. On a vety fine Card, dated 1717, appears a portrait of James Smith, Axtificial Eye maker, by S. Tuncks, and engraved by J. Pine who himself kept a print shop in St. Martin’s Lane and was a friend of Hogarth. There is also a delightful portrait by R. Cooper, dated 1762, on the Card of ‘William Bentley, Teacher of the Mathematicks, Kingston, Surrey.’ TRADE EMBLEMS Many emblems wete used indiscriminately, such as Te Red Lion, The Star, and The Crown. On the other hand, certain trades adopt Signs peculiar to their particular craft. An attempt has been made to classify these, and a list is given of those symbols which are most generally used in the various trades, though it is by no means complete. 22 LONDON TRADESMEN’S CARDS Trade Emblems employed Bakers PLOUGH, || WHEATSHEAF Booksellers ANGEL AND BIBLE, || BIBLE, || BIBLE AND DOVE Braziers and Metal ‘Trades ANVIL AND BELLOWES CHAMBER GRATE BROWN TEA KETTLE AND LAMP DOG’S HEAD IN THE IRON POT FRYING PAN (see Plate 111) — GOLDEN EWER GRIDIRON HARROW. || HARROW AND ANCHOR LOCK AND HINGE. || ST. PETER AND KEY STOW GRATE TEA KETTLE THREE BELLS TRUMPET TWO CANDLESTICKS AND BELL Breeches Makers BOOT AND BREECHES (see Plate Iv) BUCK AND BREECHES Brush Makers FOUR BRUSHES Cabinet Makers, Carpenters, ARMS OF CARPENTERS’ COMPANY Upholsterers and Undertakers CHAIR AND TEA CHEST (see Plate VIII) FOUR COFFINS ROYAL BED “ROYAL TENT’ AND “THREE TENTS’ (Arms of the Upholders’ Company) THREE COVERED CHAIRS AND WALNUT TREE Chemists GLAUBER’S HEAD Clockmakers DIAL (see Plate x1v) Clothiers and Slopmen CHILD’S COAT JOLLY SAILOR (see Plate xv11) LAMB (see Plate xvr) ARMS, EFFIGIES, AND OTHER EMBLEMS 23 Trade Coalmen Confectioners Cutlets Dairymen Drapers, Metcers, Haberdashers, etc. Dyers Fishing Tackle Makers Frame Makers, Carvers and Gilders Goldsmiths and Silversmiths Emblems employed OLD COLLIER AND CART (see Plate XVIII) PINE APPLE (see Plate xx) CASE OF KNIVES SAW AND CROWN (see Plate Lxxx) ASS AND FOAL (see Plate xxv) BLACKMOOR’S HEAD (see Plate Lv1) COVENTRY CROSS GOLDEN FLEECE (see Plate cr) GOLDEN SHUTTLE HEN AND CHICKENS INDIAN KING (see Plate Lx111) INDIAN QUEEN (see Plate Lxr) LAMB AND SPREAD EAGLE (see Plate LxIv) OLD BLACK Boy (see Plate Liv) ROYAL POINT (see Plate x11) SPINNING WHEEL THREE ANGELS THREE NUNS AND WHEATSHEAF (see Plate 1x) TURK’S HEAD (see Plate Lvi11) WHEATSHEAF (see Plate Lv) WOOL PACK (see Plate c) GREEN MAN RAINBOW AND ANCHOR RAINBOW AND DOVE RAINBOW AND THREE PIDGONS (see Plate xxvu1) DIAL AND FISH GOLDEN HEAD BOY AND CORAL (see Plate xxxv1) CROWN AND PEARL (see Plate XXXVII) 24 LONDON TRADESMEN’S CARDS Trade Goldsmiths and Silversmiths (contd.) Grocers and Teamen Gunmakers Hatters and Hosiers Instrument Makers (Scientific) Emblems employed GOLDEN ANGEL GOLDEN Cup (see Frontispiece) GOLDEN HAMMER RING AND CHAIN RING AND CUP STAR AND PEARL BEEHIVE AND THREE SUGAR LOAVES (see Plate xxxvu11) BLACK BOY AND SUGAR LOAF CANISTER CANISTER AND THREE SUGAR LOAVES (see Plate x1) CHINA JAR (see Plate xc) COCOA TREE FAN AND CANISTER FIGG TREE AND SUGAR LOAF GOLDEN SUGAR LOAVES GREEN CANISTER ROSE AND THREE SUGAR LOAVES TEA CHEST TEA TUB, THREE SUGAR LOAVES AND CROWN (see Plate xxx1x) THREE SUGAR LOAVES CROSS BOW, || CROSS GUNS BEAVER BISHOP BLAZE (see Plate xvi!) BLACK BOY AND HAT (see Platex iv) HAT AND CROSS DAGGERS KINGS ARMS AND BEAVER (see Plate xLv) STOCKING FRAME GLOBE QUADRANT AND SPECTACLES ORRERY AND GLOBE SIR ISAAC NEWTON’S HEAD (see Plate xLvu11) ARMS, EFFIGIES, AND OTHER EMBLEMS 25 Trade Instrument Makers (Musical) Nightmen and Polemen Oilmen and Colourmen Peruquiers Perfumers Scale Makers Shoe Maker Stationers and Printsellers Tallow and Wax Chandlers Tobacconists Toymen Trunk Makers, Saddlets, etc. Turners Writing Masters and Scriveners Emblems employed FRENCH HORN AND VIOLIN HAUTBOY AND TWO FLUTES TRUMPET AND HORNE (see page 8) GOLDEN POLE OIL JAR OLIVE TREE AND COLOUR BARREL SHIP BLEW AND WHITE PERUKE HAND AND LOCKS OF HAIR CIVET CAT ANGEL AND SCALE HAND AND SCALE(see Plate Lxxx11) ANGEL AND THREE SHOES (see Plate Lxxxvt) PATTEN AND CROWN ROYAL BOOT GOLDEN PALLET THREE BIBLES AND DOVE (Arms of Stationers’ Company) BEEHIVE TALLOW CHANDLERS’ ARMS (see Plate LXxxIx) ~ TOBACCO ROLL TWO BLACK BOYS GREEN PARROT CURRIERS’ ARMS SADDLERS’ ARMS SKINNERS’ ARMS THREE RABBITS THREE TRUNKS AND BLUE BOAR CROWN AND BOWL TURNERS’ ARMS (see Plate xcv) HAND AND PEN CHAPTER V ARCHITECTURE AND COSTUME ARCHITECTURE The ArchiteCtural interest in Tradesmen’s Cards is to be found mainly, as one might expect, in the engravings of the old shops and the street scenes in which these shops occur. A few, however, have as their salient feature some well-known edifice, others again present careful and quite architectural drawings of their new shop buildings, with the evident intention of drawing the notice of the public to their newest developments. Of those using the landmark, or well-known building, as a means of fixing their locality in the minds of their customers, the earliest and perhaps the most interesting example is that shown on Plate LI, issued by William Conaway near the Bw// Head in Dean Street By St. Ann’s Church, Soho. He is a lamp-lighter by trade, and the engraving shows him mounted on a ladder tending the lamps in front of a nobleman’s mansion, while his assistant replenishes the oil containers below. The interest, however, is focussed not on these entertaining little figures in their kneebreeches and three-cornered hats, but on the fine house which fills the panel, and this is used by the artist to give cachet to the lamp-lighter and define the quality of his clients. For this purpose the house is well chosen. It is Monmouth House, designed by Sir Christopher Wren, on the South Side of Soho Square, originally called ‘King’s Square,’ and it was built in 1681 by the Duke of Monmouth, the natural son of Charles II], who was beheaded in 1685. Wheatley, in his London Past and Present, refers to this house, . and mentions that there is an engraving of it in Smith’s Anstquities of London. In J.T. Smith’s No/lekens and His Times will be found a good account of the building as he saw it when the workmen were beginning to demolish it in 1773. “In front was a spacious courtyard for carriages, and there were eight rooms on the ground floor.’ Exactly the same engraving appears on a Card in the Banks Collec- tion in the British Museum, except that it bears the superscription of one Joel Iles, who, appropriately to his patronymic, was an Oilman in Queen Street, Soho Square. Otherwise the Cards are identical, even to the invidious reference to ‘Persons of Quality and others.’ Miss Banks has written under this Card, ‘Monmouth House where 26 ARCHITECTURE AND COSTUME 27 Bateman’s Buildings now stand.’ This is between Frith Street and Greek Street. Sir Joseph Banks resided at No. 32 Soho Square at the corner of Frith Street. PratE LXXXVII. Daniel Richards, Stationer, at St. Andrew’s Church, Holborn, presents a clear elevation of the church on the south side of Holborn Viaduct. A church dedicated to St. Andrew has occupied this site since the twelfth century. Strype refers to it as having been rebuilt by Sir Christopher Wren in 1676. The tower was | tefaced with Portland stone in 1704, and the church was again restored in 1851 and 1872. The engraving on Daniel Richards’ Card presents it as it was before the restorer had worked his will upon it. Another landmark, though not a London one, is that of The Cross at Coventry. It was adopted by Mercers, doubtless on account of the close conne¢tion of the city of Coventry with their trade. A particu- larly fine engraving of it occurs on the large Card of ‘ William Atwick’s Warehouse. The Coventry Cross in New Bond Street.’ It is enclosed in a Chippendale frame, and it figures again, but in a more refined Adam type of frame, on that of his successors, Atwick & Son, at the same address, which is given as No. 149 New Bond Street in the London Directory of 1784. Another instance of this cross, though not nearly so good a drawing of it, is shown on the Card of ‘Robert Taylor At the Coventry Cross near St. Margaret’s Hill in the Borough, Southwark.’ This again is a rather late Card, as it bears the street number of 94. PiatE VI gives ‘A Perspective View of David Loudon’s Bunn House at Chelsey’ drawn to scale. The design has been attributed to William Hogarth (see p. 68). This is a charming little building, long and low. It has only one floor to it. Running the whole length is a verandah supported by turned wooden columns with the Bun Shop set back under it. A delightful little restaurant which one would like to see in our parks to-day. Piate LIT shows an interior, very fine and spacious, of Francis Noble’s Circulating Library at Otway’s Head in King Street, Covent Garden. The costume would date this at 1740-50. Another bookshop forty yeats or so later was a vety celebrated one kept by Lackington Allen & Co. at the Temple of the Muses in Finsbury Square, which was built by the younger Dance in 1790. A Trade Card showing the exterior with its long range of fourteen tall round-headed windows 28 LONDON TRADESMEN’S CARDS claims it to be ‘the finest shop in the world being 140 feet in front,’ and another Card presents a very spacious room with a large circular counter standing in the centre of it under a dome round which runs a book-lined gallery. A staircase at the far end leads to the ‘Lounging Rooms,’ an amenity which we are apt to think is an innovation belonging to our modern Stores. In the foreground is the proprietor proudly displaying to a customer a scroll on which is written, ‘A Section of the Dome,’ evidently a notable feature of the new shop. ike: bookshops or, as they preferred to say, libraries, with all the charm of the late eighteenth-century small paned bow windows and delicate fanlights over the doors, are shown in the Cards of Tabart’s Juvenile Library at 157 New Bond Street and The Eccentric Book Warehouse in St. John Street, presumably in Clerkenwell, for a coach is shown drawn up next door, and the inns in this thorough- fare were well-known rendezvous for stage-coaches and waggons. A Printseller’s shop, which stands to-day very much as it is shown in Archibald Robertson’s Card, is at the entrance to Savile Row Passage. ‘This was the house of Paul Sandby, the artist, and the Card is an aquatint by him. A note at the foot of the Card says, ‘N.B. Sandbys works in Aqua Tinta to be had complete.’ Beyond the shop is the entrance to Squibb’s Auction Rooms, now occupied by the Alpine Club. At the London Museum is to be seen an excellent example of one of these delicately bowed eighteenth-century shop fronts, and near to it hangs the Trade Card of ‘S. Huntley, Linnen Draper at ye Szngle Crown, who describes the place as ‘A very Broad Fronted Shop Sashed in, almost over against ye East India House in Leadenhall Street.” One of the most charming of this type of card is that of John Flude, Pawnbroker and Silversmith, of Grace Church Street, which has a vety delightful eighteenth-century shop front with well arranged exterior show-cases. It is illustrated in Plate LX XI. A prototype of the steel framed shop front with which we are familiar to-day is illustrated in the Trade Card of ‘“Gedge’s Linen Draper’s Shop at the corner of Cranbourne Alley and Leicester Square.’ Originally known as the [bree Pigeons, it became No. 1 Leicester Square. On the Card is written, “This was the first front of a House set upon Iron Columns at the Year 1782.’ It still retained the bowed windows with slight glazing bars, however. ARCHITECTURE AND COSTUME 29 In the nineteenth century illustrations of shop fronts became a much more common feature of the Tradesmen’s Cards, and the transition from the old-fashioned shop fronts, which persisted into early Victorian times (as shown in Tallis’s Street Views of 1838) down to the present day, can be traced. The Eccentric peo e AREHOUSE ST Jonns STREET. a4 i): P 3 1 Fudbshed se Z Sty Teg te0s ° ; oe 30 LONDON TRADESMEN’S CARDS COSTUME The representations of costumes which occur in Tradesmen’s Cards often help us to assign a date when other indications are lacking. The Cards of Peruke-makers, Shoemakers, Hatters, and the like frequently show the fashions of the day, while the scenes depicted in the shops give a fairly accurate idea of the prevailing styles. It is therefore useful to have some rough idea of the sequence of the modes, and for this purpose an outline is given of the more outstanding changes in fashion covered by the illustrations. CHARLES II The Restoration in 1660 is marked by a great outburst of extravagance both in form and material. The doublet is slashed and curtailed to show the shirt of fine linen at waist and sleeve. Petticoat breeches, or wide breeches to the knee, are worn, and the whole is adorned with ruffles of lace and loops of ribbon. A broad brimmed hat coveted with ribbons or feathers is fashionable. The great curled periwig comes in, and a small moustache with a point of beard on the chin is worn. The ladies, too, break away from Puritanism and discard the stiff wide collar for low dresses with elbow sleeves, slashed and tied with ribbons. The hair is elaborately dressed in ringlets standing out on each side of the face, with a row of little curls on the forehead. Patches are worn on the face. In 1666 we get a great innovation, the advent of the frock-coat from the East, introduced, it is said, by John Evelyn to Charles II. It is a long straight coat from neck to knee with pockets very low down in front and is worn buttoned up. JAMES II In the next reign, James IT (1685), the frock-coat becomes rather more shapely, and is the general wear. Faces are clean shaven from now on till the nineteenth century. WILLIAM AND MARY When William and Mary come in (1689) the coat gets fuller and stiffer in the skirts, which have now been slit up at the back for convenience in riding, and the coat is worn open, or partly open, to ARCHITECTURE AND COSTUME 31 show the waistcoat, which is almost as long as the coat. The cuffs are deep and stiff. Periwigs have increased in size. By the middle of the teign the women’s dress has changed considerably. The bodice is tight and long waisted, laced across the front over an undergown. The skirt is looped up at the sides to form panniers over the petticoat, and a “pinner’ or apron is often worn. The hair is dressed high over the forehead on a wire frame with one or two long curls falling on to the shoulders. An elaborately arranged cap, known as the “fontange’ or ‘tower,’ with stiff pleats rising vertically in tiers, completes the picture. Little muffs are carried by both men and women, and later there is a fashion for the women to wear coats of a masculine cut. QUEEN ANNE In the reign of Queen Anne (1702) the men’s coats get tighter in the waists and the skirts become fuller at the sides. Hats are larger in the brim, which shows a tendency to turn up. Though the full wig is still worn, a simpler kind is also seen, and some are tied at the back; these begin to be powdered. With the ladies we get the hooped petticoat and a lower and simpler head-dress; aprons are still much worn and high red-heeled shoes. Trains tend to get shorter and hoops larger as time goes on. GEORGE I When George I came over from Hanover in 1714 the great periwig was already going out and its place being taken by the looped wig, white with powder. At this period the tied wig and one with a long tight queue are also in vogue. Coats are full in the skirt, the fullness being gathered in pleats at the side and hanging from a button just behind the pocket, which is now placed higher up. Both coat and waistcoat ate worn open, buttoned only at the waist. Stockings are rolled over the knee, and shoe buckles are large. Women’s hair is more simply done, gathered off the forehead with a knot of curls at the back, covered by a cap of lace or linen. This is occasionally tied at the chin or has lappets hanging at the back. Shallow crowned straw hats ate worn over a cap. Hoops are large and bodices tight, but the new-fashioned sack-back dress, with wide pleats hanging from the shoulders, is coming into favour. 32 LONDON TRADESMEN’S CARDS GEORGE II By the time of George II (1727) the full-bottomed wig has quite disappeared, and various other shapes are being worn—the looped, the short curled, the long pigtailed wigs, and the curious bag wigs all find favour. Another vagary is for the tie to be brought round to the front of the neck and fastened with a solitaire. The long coat remains as in the previous reign, but there is also a short coat with stiffened skirts coming into use, which shows the tendency for the waist line and pockets to be higher than in earlier types. The dressing of the ladies’ hair remains small and close, and is worn with the milkmaid hat. The sack-back dress is at the height of its popularity in the Seventeen Fifties; it is set out at the sides, while the front and back are flat. Quilted petticoats are often worn, and flounces begin to come in at the end of this period. GEORGE III The accession of George III in 1760 ushers in a time of many changes. After a burst of extravagance (1773)—the Macaroni period—the wigs get simpler and gradually disappear. The full-skirted coat gives way to the tail coat without cuffs, and the waistcoat is quite short. In the women’s dress the period of extravagance is longer lived, the head-dresses become larger and even more elaborate than before. As these get higher and higher, hoops gradually disappear and their place is taken by the more elaborately made skirt with flounces and trimmings. The over-dress loses, bit by bit, the sack-back and becomes a tightly fitting bodice with the skirt still arranged over the petticoat in panniers. This fullness is gradually brought more and more towards the back until it becomes the bustle, and is balanced in front by the protruding fichu, completing the pouter pigeon profile. FRENCH REVOLUTION After the French Revolution in 1789 a great change comes over all dress, which now becomes very much simpler, and we get the tall slim lines of the Empire Period. BB, Ds For easy reference to the Plates the above information has been condensed into tabular form—see pages 34 and 35. a ARCHITECTURE AND COSTUME le ae 3B . = -_ i’ : al * 2 x i y er “ — i Gi i o IU tA 9, z = % = P50 ee HOSe 1 oy, & G50) =| = p : eles | oh “ ee) AS 4 <* NO J) 1, “i PY Ss Nh, g/ ty wes ¥ Va Nd u ? BS ; 8 A \ WN ? i i OMWs® Fr ELD %s2 Original Mock India Paper Hanging, and Papier Maceo Manufatory tn the Strand. Tey NY Yaw e A Bp Nah aye, — (20 ° - GS S Le Nobility be, may be supplied on the was wotth all sorts o Laper Hangings, Laintings of Landfiapes, Fefloms and Trophies India Paper, Papicr Machee, Ornaments, KC), ‘and a Mock India Paper,made after a method, frecutiar bo himself, whic surpafies every ung of the hind. pe aliemfled and jer Variety Beauty and’ uration, me Lo Mhe Bae. ae =— “merchants 5S X Dealers waxy be Supplied om the leak mots TT ‘sy A Paper Stainer’s Card showing Costume, circa 1750 34 LONDON TRADESMEN’S CARDS Date. Reign. Plate. 1660 | RESTORATION | CHARLES II 1666 1685 | JAMES II 4) 66) Data 1689 | WILLIAM AND MARY 1702 | ANNE LIII Description of Costume. Short slashed jacket petticoat, breeches, laces and ruffles, ribbons, great periwig, moustache and tiny beard. Women—low-necked dresses with slashed sleeves. Hair dressed in ringlets standing out each side of the face. The King sets the fashion for the frock-coat, long straight coat buttoned from neck to knee, pockets very low in front, baggy breeches. Thenew coat becomes slightly mote shapely and is in general use. Faces are clean- shaven from now to 19th century. Coat éstiffer and fuller in skirts, wide cuffs, not but- toned below waist. Full- bottomed wig, very large. Women—bodice tight and long waisted, laced over under dress, skirt looped up to form panniers, apron. Hair dressed high over frame, curls ‘fontange.’ Coats fit closer in body, skirts fuller at sides. Smaller wigs and powder comes in. Women—hooped petticoats ate wotn with dress as before. Head-dress lower. ARCHITECTURE AND COSTUME 35 Rezgn. Description of Costume. GEORGE I Coat has fullness pleated at side, worn buttoned only at waist, also waistcoat. Pow- dered wigs of various shapes. Women—large hoops and tight bodices. Sack-back dress coming in. Hair more simply done and closer, co- vered with caps. Milkmaid hats. GEORGE II Coat as in last reign and also a short coat with short stiff skirts. Tie and bag wigs and other shapes. LII Women — sack-back dress ovet hoops at sides, front LXXVIII and back flat. Hair still close. Milkmaid hat with cap un- XVII derneath still favoured. Sack-back dress reaches its LXXIII height. See p. 33 | Flounced skirts come in to- wards the end of this reign. GEORGE III | LXIX In this reign the skirted coat gradually changes to the tail. Women—hoops die out and bustle comes in. Macaroni period. Head- dresses of both sexes high and fantastic. FRENCH Seep. 29 | Which marks a change to- REVOLUTION wards simplicity in all dress. CHAPTER VI CURIOSITIES IN TRADESMEN’S CARDS I HAVE said in the Preface that there are no books on Tradesmen’s Cards, nor has the subjeét, so far as I know, been treated at any length in the Archeological Journals: even the indexes of Notes and Queries from 1850 to 1915 fail to provide any but the slightest of references. During the last fifteen years there have appeared in Country Life from time to time a few short articles on particular trades, and [he Con- noisseur has lately published two articles on Lord Wainterton’s Collection, by Mr. Richard Holworthy. Apart from these scattered references the only account of these Cards would appear to be in the three volumes of Rariora, by that great collector, Mr. J. Eliot Hodgkin, and in those three volumes four pages only are devoted to Tradesmen’s Cards. These are illustrated by seven plates. In these few pages, however, he has things to say which are of interest to the collector. He calls them Early Shop Bills or Tradesmen’s Cards. He tells us that in the Banks Collection at the British Museum there are 4388 specimens, and that his own collection comprised 2800, classed under 331 trades. He gives a list of those which he considers the more unusual trades, as follows: Air Mill Makers Fishermen Arms Painters Harmonisers of Musical Astrologers | Instruments Ballad Mongers Ingrossers Ban(d) Box Makers Lunatic Keepers Calculators (of chances in Nightmen lotteries) | Oculists Chimney Sweeps Pedometer Makers Chiropedal Car Makers Prize Fighters Coach Trumpet Makers Quacks Court Plaster Makers Sergeants at Mace Cuppets Slop Makers Dog Doétors Ventriloquists — Fencing Masters Worm Makers 36 CURIOSITIES IN TRADESMEN’S CARDS 37 He then gives a list of ‘the more important or more prolific among engravers of I'radesmen’s Cards,’ which is as follows: Aveline, Bartolozzi, Bickham, Canot, Cardon, Choffard, Clee, Cole, Cross, Darly, Darling, Deuchar, Fitler, Fourdrinier, Gribelin, Hancock, Hogarth, Kirk, Kirkall, Longmate, Motrison, Pye, Schiavonetti, Sherborn, Sherwin, Skinner, Stent, Vivares, and Yates. He refers to his ancillary collections of Tobacco Papers and Watch Papers, and he says that it has been his intention to write a Mono- graph on Tradesmen’s Cards, and has collected material for it, but that it must be ‘probably altogether abandoned,’ which is much to be regretted, for he had amassed what is probably the largest colleGtion on this subject which has been put together since the days of Sir Joseph Banks. In the course of his short article he makes the following Statements, which must carry weight: ‘Very few people know anything at all about the earlier descriptions of Shop Bills or have even seen an example. .. . Let no man deride such a collection as consisting of trivial or unprofitable material. Whatever be the extent of his previous knowledge of the work of engravets of ornament of the period which it covers, that knowledge will be enormously increased by a study of the diversity of their work in a field so largely their own, and he will be able to trace in a much fuller degree than in the case of Ex Libris the change of style almost from decade to decade, its gradual degradation and ultimate debase- ment. He will in the second place acquire a knowledge, more easily gained in this way than in any other, of the changes in fashion in, and of the strange names of, many of the articles offered by the vatious dealers; and will derive much amusement as well as much information from the quaint devices and wording by which the capabilities of the traders are glorified.’ Whether or no we can go quite all the way with Mr. Hodgkin in finding glorification for the capabilities of the trader in the “quaint devices’ he employed for his wares, it is at all events interesting to record the names of some of his wares which have now become - obsolete and to note trades mentioned in the Cards which have fallen into disuse. I have therefore put together from time to time a mis- cellaneous collection of such items—odd trades, unusual Signs, obsolete wares, curious details and turns of phrase occurring on vatious Cards which are likely to be of interest to the collector. 38 LONDON TRADESMEN’S CARDS To those who have not yet known the fascination of Trade Card collecting, these memoranda will give some indication of the wide range of interest covered in this pursuit. That such a list should include ‘shoes and ships and sealing wax’ is to be expected, but one may not have realized that there were such pleasant trades as that of the Spatterdash Maker, or may have forgotten, perhaps, that there existed Rocking-horse Makers, or again, one may have been happily ignorant that there was so grim a one as that of Skeleton Seller. Unless one had actually seen the Card of Thomas Collyer, one could hardly believe that there was so delightfully fantastic a calling as that of a “Haberdasher of Hatts.’ On the following pages, therefore, will be found a miscellany of notes that I have made from time to time in looking through various collections. I have put down any trades which struck me as being out-of-the-way or which are no longer practised, old-fashioned wares no longer in demand, with the quaint names by which they were known, Signs which are in some way curious, and any turns of phrase peculiar to the times and now fallen into disuse. They are the merest jottings. MEMORANDA OF CURIOUS OR OBSOLETE TRADES AND WARES, TOGETHER WITH NOTES OF UNUSUAL SIGNS AND QUAINT EXPRESSIONS MET WITH ON TRADESMEN’S CARDS Academies “YOUNG GENTLEMEN ARE INSTRUCTED IN THE VARIOUS BRANCHES OF ENGLISH AND FRENCH, INCLUDING WASHING, BOOK KEEP- ING, ALGEBRA AND MATHEMATICS, AND THE USE OF THE GLOBES. THIRTY POUNDS PER ANNUM. N.B.—YOUNG GENTLEMEN WEARING LIGHT TROUSERS ETC. THE WASHING WILL BE 10/- PER YEAR EXTRA. TO INSTRUCT THE YOUTHFUL MIND IN MORAL AND RELIGIOUS PRINCIPLES FORMS AN ESSENTIAL PART OF THE RULES OF THIS SEMINARY.” — # CURIOSITIES IN TRADESMEN’S CARDS 39 Academies (contd.) Accouttement Maker and Sword Cutler Agent in Naval Affairs Anchor Smith “TEACHER OF THE MATHEMATICS AND MNE- MONIGS.” MOTTO ‘LET US BANG THE DONS.’ “TRANSACTS OFFICERS’, SEAMEN AND MARINERS’ BUSINESS OR FOR THEIR RELATIONS.’ Apothecary and Surgeon Aquarellist Artist Archill-maker Artificial Eye Maker Asses’ Milk Attorney-at-law Back Maker (? Cooper) Backgammon Table Maker Bathing Machines PAUL SANDBY, ST. GEORGE'S ROW, OXFORD TURNPIKE. (Aquatint with view of Turn- pike.) PAINTER OF MINIATURES. (Archil—A dye made from lichens.) Dated 1742. See p 21. PURVEYOR OF. THOS EDWARDS, AT THE Ass and Foal, THE BOTTOM OF WIGMORE STREET, MARYLEBONE LANE, NEAR CAVENDISH SQUARE. (Dated 1781.) (See Plate XXV.) “BOUGHT OR SOLD OR LET BY THE MONTH. OR ASSES DROVE TO ANY PERSONS HOUSE IN TOWN OR COUNTRY. BY JAMES JONES AT THE Ass and Foal FACING Bird in Hand In woopd’s CLOSE.’ “SELLS BELL AND BOUGE VATTS, WORM TUBS, ETC.’ *‘AMIDAS AND MARY SURFLEN AT MARGATE IN KENT. M. SURFLEN ATTENDS THE LADIES HERSELF AS GUIDE.’ 4o LONDON TRADESMEN’S CARDS Baths Bed Joyner Bellows Maker Bombazine Maker Booksellers Boot and Shoe Maker Bow and Arrow. Maker THE KING’S (James II) BAGNIO, LONG ACRE. (Dated 1686.) “TO ALL GENTLEMEN LOVERS OF SWIMMING AND BATHING. THIS IS TO GIVE NOTICE. THAT THERE IS DISCOVERED BEHIND THE BOWLING GREEN IN OLD STREET NEAR ST. LUKE'S CHURCH THE BATHING WATERS OF THE PEERLESS POOL’ .... (Dated 1743.) WILLIAM SANDBY AT Ihe Ship WITHOUT TEMPLE BAR. Ihe Ship next Falcon Court was occupied in 1756 by Wm. Sandby, who afterwards became a partner in the banking house of Snow and Denne in the Strand. He sold the good-will in 1768 to John McMuttay, who there founded the famous publishing business of John Murray & Co. It afterwards migrated to Albemarle Street in 1812. (See Timperley’s Printers’ Manual.) A Card of John Murray, ‘succEssoR TO MR. SANDBY, BOOKSELLER AND STATIONER AT NO. 32 OVER AGAINST ST. DUNSTAN ’S CHURCH IN FLEET STREET.’ (See Curwen’s Booksellers Old and New.) An eatly Trade Card of Ward & Chandler, Booksellers, at the same address, was issued about 1734. HARVEY, 4 ST. JAMES STREET. Card designed by George Cruikshank, 1872. ‘DOUBLE AND SINGLE CHANNEL PUMPS, SPATTERDASHES, CLOGS AND PATTENS.’ aGi TOMEZ, BOW AND ARROW MAKER, TEACHER OF ARCHERY, THROWING THE JAVELIN, ETC. NO. 15 SUSSEX STREET, BEDFORD SQUARE. CURIOSITIES IN TRADESMEN’S CARDS 41 Brass Cannon Maker } Braziers “THOMAS PICKETT, CITIZEN AND BRAZIER AT THE Szgn of ye Frying Pan.’ (See Plate II.) “AT THE SIGN OF Ide Three Cocks. ALL SORTS AND SIZES OF COCKS MADE NEAT AND CHEAP.’ Breeches Maker “WILLM. TURTLE BREECHES MAKER AND GLOVER. N.B.—NO BUSINESS DONE ON THE SABBATH SUCH AS BUYING AND SELLING.’ Bricklayer Brick-Mould Maker ‘A¢ the Bear and Ragged Staff, WHITECROSS in General STREET, ALSO MAKES PAVING BRICK, MOULDS BATH STOVES, ETC.’ Bright Smith ‘AT YE SIGN OF ye Soak Jack.’ Buckle Maker “THE NEW INVENTED BLACK BARR BUCKLES.’ Bugg Destroyer ‘ELEANOR BRAINIFF—DAUGHTER AND SUC- CESSOR TO HER LATE FATHER GEORGE BRIDGES, BUGG DESTROYER TO HIS MAJESTY.’ Bun Bakers (See Plates V and VI.) Cabinet Makers ‘PETER LANGLOIS IN TOTTENHAM COURT ROAD, NEAR WINDMILL STREET, MAKES ALL SORTS OF FINE CABINETS AND COMMODES MADE AND INLAID IN THE POLITEST MANNER WITH BRASS AND TORTOISESHELL.’ Below appears a translation into French, but omitting ‘in the politest manner.’ “BED CORNISHES, “TEASTERS,’ ‘BEAUROES AND FIELD BEDS, ‘FASHIONABLE STANDING BEDS, ‘CHAMBER TABLES, ‘TEA BOARDS.’ “CHANDELIERS AND LANTHORNS IN BRASS AT THE LOWEST PRICES.’ THOS. SHERATON. (See Drawing Master.) “FUHRLONG, CABINET MAKER IN THE MODERN GRECIAN AND CHINESE TASTE, 5 TOTTEN- HAM COURT ROAD.’ Calendrer ‘ORRIS CLEANER AND SCOWERER.’ 42 LONDON TRADESMEN’S CARDS Calico Printer Candlestick Maker Case Maker Chemists Chimney Sweeps China Rivetter See Plate IX. “WAX TAPER STANDS, LUSTRES AND CANDELA- 3 BRA. “ALL SORTS OF SHAGREEN, NURSES, FISHSKIN AND MAHOGANY KNIFE CASES, SMELLING AND DRAM BOTTLES, CANISTER CASES IN BLUE OR GREEN DOGSKIN MOUNTED IN SILVER.’ “CHYMICAL AND GALENICAL MEDICINES, WITH ALL SORTS OF DRUGGS. N.B. THE ELIXIR FOR THE ASTHMA AS ALSO FOR THE GOUT AND RHUMATISM. (See Plate XI.) “WILLIAM BLACKWELL At Ye Buckthorn Tree, COVENT GARDEN. SELLS ALL SORTS OF PHYSICAL HERBS, ROOTS, FLOWERS AND SEEDS, GREEN AND DYED BUCKTHORN, ELDERBURYS AND JUICE, LEECHES AND VIPERS. WHOLESALE AND RETAIL.’ “At the Sign of the Elaboratory.’ ‘TEANE TEMPELL, CHIMBLEY-SWEPERS AT THE > SIGNE OF Ihe Woman Chimbley Sweper, IN NUINERS STREET, NEAR THE WATCH HOUSE IN HOLBORN.’ (See p. Vill.) “CURES SMOAKING CHIMNEY’S IN TOWN OR COUNTRY. NO CURE NO Pay.’ (See Plate XII.) . . . TO SEVERAL OF HIS MAJESTY’S OFFICES, AND NIGHTMAN TO HIS R.H. THE PRINCE OF WALES.’ “EDMUND MoRRIS AT Ihe China Jar IN GRAY’S INN PASSAGE COMING INTO RED LION SQUARE, HOLBOURNE. MAKES ALL SORTS OF CHINA WARES WITH A PECULIAR ART WHICH HAS NEVER BEFORE BEEN FOUND OUT IN THIS KINGDOM SO AS A RIVETTED PIECE OF CHINA WILL DO AS MUCH SERVICE AS WHEN NEW. AS THERE ARE MANY IMPOSTERS BOTH IN TOWN AND COUNTRY THAT MAKE FALSE CURIOSITIES IN TRADESMEN’S CARDS 43 China Rivetter (contd.) | PRETENSIONS, I DESIRE NO OTHER SATISFAC- TION THAN WHAT WORKMANSHIP MERITS. N.B.—IF ANY OF MY WORK SHOULD COME TO PIECES WITHIN 20 OR 30 YEARS I WILL REPAIR IT WITHOUT ANY FURTHER EXPENSE.’ Chocolate Maker “THE ONLY MAKERS OF SIR HANS SLOANE’S MILK CHOCOLATE. EDWARD AND JOHN WHITE, 8 GREEK STREET, SOHO.’ Clock Maker “PINCHBECK, SENR. CLOCK, WATCH MAKER AND TOYMAN AT Pinchbeck’s Head IN FLEET STREET. ONLY MAKER OF THE TRUE AND GENUINE METAL.’ Clog Maker “LEATHER CLOGGS, FINE LEATHER PATTENS, CORKE CLOGGS FOR LADIES.’ (See Plate XV.) Coach Spring Maker Coach Trumpet Maker Coach Wheeler Coalman ‘at the Old Colher and Cart AY FLEET DITCH NEAR HOLBORN.’ (See Plate X VIII.) Coftee Houses Coffin Plate Chaser Confectioners ‘at the Pine Apple IN BERKELEY SQUARE, CEDRATI AND BERGAMOT CHIPS, NAPLES DIAVOLINI AND DIAVOLONI. COMMON SUGAR PLUMS, SYRUP OF CAPILAIRE, ORGEATE AND MARSH MALLOW, GHIMAVE OR LOZENGES FOR CoLps.’ (See Plate XX.) ‘APRICOCKS, ‘JORDON ALMONDS,’ ‘RAYSONS,’ “DROGEA, ‘COMFITS AND FLOWER CANDY.’ ‘HARTS HORN JELLIES AND BLOMANGES,’ “SHERBERTS, ‘ROUT CAKES,’ “ICE CREAM WHIPS AND BLANSHMANGE. Cork Maker CORK CUTTERS. Corn Cutter and Nail Operator 44 LONDON TRADESMEN’S CARDS Cooper in General Costumier Covent Garden Porter Cowkeeper and Daityman Cricket Ball and Patten Maker Cupper Currier and Leather- Seller Cutlers “BATHING TUBS LENT AND SOLD.’ AT ye Harlequin and Pierrot. ‘IN COVENTRY COURT IN THE HAYMARKET.’ “WHERE GENILEMEN MAY BE ACCOMODATED (IF NOT FULL) WITH LODGING, SWEATING AND BATHING OR CUPPING. AND WITH THE UTMOST DECORUM. THERE IS LIKEWISE A GOOD COLD BATH.’ (See Plate XXIII.) “WILLIAM KIPPIAX, FELLMONGER AND LEATHER DRESSER. BUCK LEATHER BREECHES, RAMS AND CALVES DREST IN OIL OR ALLUM.’ (Displays the Arms of the Skinners’ Company.) AT the Red M. and Dagger IN POPE’S HEAD ALLEY. (See p. 16, and also compare Plate LXXXI.) See under Razor Makers. “EQUIPAGES, “CANE HEADS,’ ‘STANDISHES,’ “PROSPECTIVE GLASSES.’ “ALEXANDER JOLLY AT I’4e Unicorn and Case of Knives IN COMPTON STREET, SOHO. TINDER BOXES, TOOTHPICK CASES, GUN HAMMERS, SQUIRREL-CHAINS, POUN BOXES, HUNTING HORNS, POWDER HORNS AND DRINKING . HORNS, SHOT POUCHES, GUN FLINTIS AND THE BEST BATTLE GUNPOWDER.” “QUADRILL BOXES,’ ‘POWDER ENGINES, ‘BACK- GAMMON TABLES,’ “WIG SPRINGS, AND ‘INK HORNS.’ “SAW STROPS,’ ‘FLEAMS,” ‘SNUFF BOXES, “STEEL AND BATH METAL SHOE BUCKLES,’ ‘CHALK LINES AND LINE ROWLS.’ “JEWS HARPS,’ “HOG AND PIG RINGS,’ ‘HORN BOOK PRIM- MERS, ‘TOBACCO TONGS,’ ‘FOUNTAIN PENS, CURIOSITIES IN TRADESMEN’S CARDS 45 Cutlers (contd.) Dancing Master Dentist Drapets “DRAM BOTTLES, ‘PERSPECTIVE GLASSES,’ “SLATE-BOOKS, ‘VELLUM BOOKS,’ ‘BRASS JAGGERS,’ ‘HAWK BELLS,’ ‘CHAMBER BELLS,’ “RING AND POST DIALS.’ At the Sign of the Tare. (Dated 1698.) ‘DANCING BOTH SERIOUS AND COMICK TAUGHT BY MR. LOFT, LIKEWISE HORNPIPES, FENCING AND MUSIC.’ “SURGEON DENTIST TO HIS MAJESTY. FAMILIES ATTENDED BY THE YEAR. SAMUEL DARKIN YE ELDER OPERATOR OF TEETH AND SAMUEL DARKIN THE YOUNGER BLEEDER AND OPERA- TOR OF TEETH; ALSO CUPS AT THE SIGN OF THE BLEEDER AND STAR.’ “ ALLOPEENS,’ ‘ALLAMODES,’ ‘ARMOZEENS, AND “FIGURED AMENS.’ “BOMBAZINES, “BURDETS, ‘BROGLIOS, ‘BAR- RAGONS.’ “CALLIMANCOES, ‘CAMBLETS, ‘CHERRY- DERRYS.’ “DUFFELL JOSEPHS,’ ‘DUFFEL FOR CLOAKS AND CARDINALS, ‘CLOUTINGS,’ “DUCAPES,’ ‘DON- YARS, “DURANTS,’ ‘DUFFINS,’ ‘DIMATHEES,’ “DORSETEENS, “DOWLACE.’ “EVERLASTINGS.’ “FLORETTAS, ‘FLORIDOS.’ “GARLICKS, ‘STRIPED GHENTINGS,’ ‘GARTER- INGS, ‘GAUZES FOR CAPUCHINES,’ ‘GRO- GRAMS.’ ‘HOOP COATS,’ ‘HUGABACKS,’ ‘HOOPING HOL- LANDS.’ “INKLE.’ * JEANS.” “LUTESTRINGS STRIP’D AND SPRIG’D,’ ‘LONG LAWNS.’ ‘MINIONETTE LAWNS. 46 Drapers (contd.) Drawing Master LONDON TRADESMEN’S CARDS “MESSINETS, ‘MISSENTS, ‘MECKLENBERGS,’ “MANTUAS. “NONE-SO-PRETTIES.” “OSNABURGS.’ “PRUNELLAS, ‘PEELINGS,’ ‘PADUSOYS,’ ‘POLLI- CATS, “PERRIWIG-RIBBON.’ “QUILTED PETTICOATS, “WHALEBONED PETTI- COATS,’ “QUILTED AND HOOP PETTYCOATS,’ “FINE SCARLET CLOTH VELVET HOODS,’ “TURKISH AND SULTAN GOWNS MADE AFTER THE BEST MANNER. ‘MEN’S GOWNS AND BANYANS. “ROCCELOES,’ ‘RASDEMORIS, ‘RATTEENS, ‘ROS- SLES.’ “SHALLOONS, ‘SHAGREENS, ‘“STOMACHERS, “SILVERETS, “‘SHAGGS,’ ‘SAGATHYS, °SERGE- DUSOYS.’ “TIFFANYS, “FLOWERED AND PLAIN TABBIES,’ “TABBYNETS. “REAL NINE TIMES DYED BLUE FLANNEL FOR THE GOUT AND RHEUMATISM.’ WOOLLEN DRAPER at the Hand and Sheers IN THE BOROUGH. “At the Two Fustian Rolls, Rose and Crown, WHITE HORSE YARD, DRURY LANE. * Pack Horse and FuSstian Roll,’ ‘At the D’Oyley’s Head.’ (With Portrait of D’Oyley.) T. SHERATON, 106 WARDOUR STREET, SOHO, 1795: TEACHES PERSPECTIVE, ARCHITECTURE AND ORNAMENTS. MAKES DESIGNS FOR CABINET MAKERS AND SELLS ALL KINDS OF DRAWING BOOKS.’ The celebrated Furniture Designer. He died No. 8 Broad Street, Golden Square, 1806; also lived at 41 Davies Street (Grosvenor Square) in 1793, and at 98 Wardour Street. CURIOSITIES IN TRADESMEN’S CARDS AT Drugeist Edge Tool Maker Elephants’ Teeth Engineers Engravers Engravers’ Punch Maker Fan Maker Feather Bed Maker Fell monger and Leather Dresser Firework Makers “FRESH SPAW AND PYRMONT WATERS.” Dealers in. Illustrations of Hand Pumps and Printing Presses, Agricultural Implements, Patent Pendulum Steam Engine, Beam Engine, Hand Looms, Early Power Looms, Paddle Steamers. “WM. AND CLUER DICEY af the Maidenhead 1n BOW CHURCH YARD. SHOPKEEPERS BILLS ARE CURIOUSLY ENGRAV’D. (See Plate X XIX.) “Ww. HOGARTH AT ye Golden Ball YE CORNER OF CRANBOURNE ALLEY, LITTLE NEWPORT STREET.’ (Dated 1720.) AT THE Fan and Dove. ‘BENJAMIN CLITHEROE, FIRE WORKER, REAL ENGINEER TO CUPERS AND MARY LE BONE GARDENS. MAKES AND FURNISHES NOBLE- MEN, GENTLEMEN, ETC., WITH ALL SORTS OF ARTIFICIAL FIREWORKS AFTER YE ITALIAN AND CHINA METHOD IN YE NEATEST TASTE AT THE LOWEST PRICES. HAS THE REAL TRUE AND GENUINE CHINA FIRE yt REPRESENTS A BEAUTIFUL FRUIT TREE IN FULL BLOOM, WILL THROW ITS FLOWERS FROM I0 TO 30 FEET HIGH. THE SMALL ONES MAY BE FIRED IN ROOMS WITHOUT DANGER.’ *‘MORTRAM. DECORATIVE PAINTER AND ARTIST IN FIREWORKS. COATS OF ARMS, MAGNIFI- CENT TEMPLES, TRIUMPHAL ARCHES, SEA FIGHTS, ETC. EXECUTED IN FIRE WORKS SO 48 LONDON TRADESMEN’S CARDS Firework Makers (confd.) AS TO PRODUCE THE MOST BEAUTIFUL Fire Engine Maker Fishing Tackle Makers Flax Dresser Floor Cloth Painter Frame Maker Frock Shop Furriers Girdler EFFECT.’ JOHN BRISTOW, RATCLIFFE HIGHWAY. (See Plate XXX1.) “A PROSPECTIVE VIEW OF PART OF THE RUINS OF THE LATE DREADFUL FIRE WHICH HAP- PENED IN CORNHILL, MARCH 25. 1748.” “WILLIAM BROWNE Af the Sign of the Fish’ (Sees) ‘MARY KNIGHT AND SON Aft the Old Compleat Angler—A CORNER SHOP IN CROOKED LANE.’ “JOHN CHESHIRE AND WILL BUSICK af the Angler and Trout IN CROOKED LANE, MAKERS OF FISHING TACKLE, HOOKS, LIKEWISE BEST WHITE CHAPPEL NEEDLES FOR TAYLORS, STAYMAKERS, GLOVERS, MILLINERS, SUR- GEONS AND NEEDLES FOR DYERS, HOTT PRESSERS, SAIL MAKERS, SOW GELDERS. ANY COUNTRY CHAPMEN MAY BE AS WELL USED BY SENDING A LETTER AS IF PRESENT THEM- SELVES.’ ONESIMUS USTONSON, BELL YARD, FLEET STREET. “at the Architrave Frame.’ “MARY AND ANN HOGARTH. SELL YE BEST AND MOST FASHIONABLE READY MADE FROCKS, SUITS OF FUSTIAN TICKEN OR HOLLAND, STRIPP’D DIMITY AND FLANNEL WAISTCOATS, BLUE AND CANVAS FROCKS AND BLUECOAT BOYS DRA™.’ (See Plate XXXIV.) “MUFFS, TIPPETS, FURR CAPS, BEAR SKINS FOR COACH SEATS.’ “CAPARISON FURNITURE FOR SADDLERS.’ ‘at y° Whale ¢» Raven-NEXT DOOR TO BOW CHURCH.’ CURIOSITIES IN TRADESMEN’S CARDS 49 Goldsmiths “ELLIS GAMBLE af the Golden Angel IN CRAN- BOURN STREET, LEICESTER FIELDS.’ (See Plate XX XV.) “At the Golden Angel in Leicester Fields lived Ellis Gamble the Goldsmith, to whom Hogarth was apprenticed to learn the art of silver plate engraving. A Shop Bill engraved by Hogarth is greatly coveted by collectors.” (See Wheatley’s London Past and Present.) Ireland the engraver is said to have con- sidered his own impression of this Card to be unique—it is certainly extremely rare. PETER DE LA FONTAINE at the Golden Cup IN LITCHFIELD STREET, SOHO. Card engraved by Hogarth. (See Frontispiece.) ‘WILLM. HARDY IN RATCLIFFE HIGHWAY NEAR SUN TAVERN FIELDS.’ (Engraved by Hogarth.) “WM. AND MARY DEARDS AT I /e Star, THE END OF PALL MALL NEAR ST. JAMES’ HAYMARKET, A /’Efoile AU BOUT DE PELLEMELE PRES DU MARCHE AU FOIN DE ST. JACQUES.’ Gold Beater At the Golden Hammer. Grocets and Tea Men FINE HYSON, PEKOE, SOUCHONG, COUGON, BOHEA, BLOOM AND COMMON TEAS. FINEST BRISTOL AND DOUBLE LOAVES, CLAY’D AND ALL OTHER SUGARS. SALOOP. ‘PORTABLE souP’—an early form of tinned food. Gunsmiths ‘JEFFERY DUNN, GUN MAKER AT ye Cross Bow IN YE HAYMARKET.” (See title page.) ‘FOR SALE AT Ihe White Bear WAREHOUSE, PICCADILLY. A LARGE ASSORTMENT OF FIRE ARMS AMONG WHICH ARE SEVERAL EXCEL- LENT FOWLING PIECES WITH ‘TWISTED BARRELS, GOLD TOUCH HOLES, ETC. ALSO 50 LONDON TRADESMEN’S CARDS Gunsmiths (conid.) Haberdashets Hackney Men Harness Maker and Enterer Harp String Maker Hatters GREAT VARIETY OF NEW INVENTED SPRING GUNS FOR WAREHOUSES, GARDENS, PLANTA- TIONS, ETC. CROSS BOWS, MUSKETS, SHOTS AND FLINTS, PERCUSSION LOCKS, COPPER CAPS AND PRIMERS. BARRELS NEWLY BORED AND BREECH D. PATENT LOCKS AND REAL DAMASCUS BARR’*.’ ‘BREEDS AND BUSKS,’ ‘CAULS FOR PERIWIGS,’ ‘PURL AND COXCOMB CAWLS, ‘“PERUKE RIBBONS, ‘CYPRESS AND CAT GUT,’ ‘FRENCH PATCHES, ‘ROLES,’ ‘WIERS, ‘FERRITS,’ “FANCIED TIPPETS, ‘WRAPPERS, ‘CARDI- NALS’ AND ‘POLINEES,’ ‘PERSIAN BODKINS, “JETT STOMACHERS,’ “SLEEVE KNOTS,’ “LAC- INGS,’ “GARTERINGS,’ ‘FLOWERED SILK FOR CAPUCHINS, ‘HAIR BINDS AND SILK KNEE BANDS.’ THOMAS COLLYER ‘HABERDASHER OF HATTS. HATTER AND SWORD CUTLER. BEAVER HAT MANUFACTORY. REAL HAT MAKER. (See Plate XLV.) ‘JOHN WEST HAT MAKER AT the Beaver and Star, THE CORNER OF MONMOUTH STREET, NEXT THE BROADWAY, ST. GILES’,. FURNISHES GENTLEMEN WITH THE LOAN OF 3 GOOD NEW HATS IN THE YEAR KEPT IN PROPER REPAIR FOR 15S ANDUPWARDS TO £1. 1° EACH WARRANTED WORTH WITHIN 3° OF THE SUM AGREED FOR. HATS DYED, DREST AND COCKED IN THE GENTEELEST MANNER. ‘WILLOW HATS.’ ‘BEST BEAVER FOR I8%.’ “AT NOYES’S HAT AND STAY WAREHOUSE, Ie Hat, Bonnet and Stay UN FORE STREET.’ CURIOSITIES IN TRADESMEN’S CARDS 51 Hatters (contd.) Herald and House Painter Honey Warehouse Hoop Maker Hosiers “GILES HAT WAREHOUSE AT THE Golden Lace Hat 3 GLASSHOUSE STREET.’ Subsequently became Gill & Johnson’s, now Herbert Johnson’s, 38 New Bond St. LEGHORN STRAW HATS. J. SPERATIS, 54 PALL MALL. (Engraved by F. Bartolozzi.) “RICH?, HOY AT HIS HONEY WAREHOUSE 175 PICCADILLY SELLS BOX AND GLASS BEEHIVES CONTRIVED SO AS LADIES MAY HAVE THEM ON THEIR DRESSING TABLES WITHOUT THE LEAST DANGER OF BEING STUNG.’ “TO HER MAJESTY.’ “THOMAS MOORE MARCHAND FABRICANT DE BAS EIT BONNETERIE @ /’ Finseigne de l’ Evesque Blayeé DANS CHISWELL STREET. ... GANS ET MITAINES DE COTON FIL, SOYE ET LAINE.’ (See Plate XLVI.) ‘“MITS AND MUFFATEES, ‘BLUE AND STRIP’D LINSEES, ‘BAYS, “SWANSKIN,’ ETC. “HOSIER, HAT MAKER ALSO VENDOR OF LOT- TERY TICKETS.’ ‘GEORGE PAYNE HOSIER AND MANUFACTURER 80 NEWGATE ST.’ His Card reproduces the old carved stone panel of Charles Il’s Porter and Dwarf, dated 1669. ‘This Sign used to stand over the entrance to Bull Head Court, Newgate Street... the figures were painted, their coats being ted, the King’s Livery, and their waist- coats blue.” (See Norman’s London Signs and Inscriptions.) Notes and Queries, 25 July, 1903, mentions this house as being No. 78 Newgate St. 52 LONDON TRADESMEN’S CARDS Hosiets (contd.) Indigo Dealer Iinssrete: Instrument Makers Ironmongers Italian Warehousemen Itinerant Printseller Japanners NEWHAM AND THRESHER HOSIERS AT Ie Peacock, NO. 152 NEXT DOOR TO SOMERSET HOUSE, STRAND. (This old family business is still carried on at No. 152, under the style of Thresher and Glenny.) “NEAT POST CHAISES,’ ‘STAGE COACHES,’ “RIGHT USQUEBAUGH GREEN AND YELLOW,’ ‘FINE ORANGE SHRUBB,’ ‘CITRON WATER, “BA- TAVIA ARRACK, ‘RATAFIA AND SEVERAL OTHER FINE CORDIALS.’ “PHILOSOPHICAL, MATHEMATICAL AND OPTI- CAL.’ (See Plate XLVIIL.) “ORRERYS, “QUADRANTS, ‘AZIMUTH COMPAS- SES,’ ‘SLIDING GUNTER’S SCALES.” “THOMAS PICKETT, CITIZEN AND BRAZIER.’ (See-Plate TID) “ROBERT HARDING IRONMONGER BRAISER AND SWORN APPRAISER AT THE Stow Grate NEAR TO THE BREW-HOUSE IN THE GREAT MI- NORIES.” “CHOCOLATE AND DRINKING POTS,’ “PUMKIN OR WARMING PANS,’ ‘POTTAGE POTS,’ “TIN- DER BOXES,’ ‘FLAT CANDLESTICKS OF THE NEWEST FASHION, ‘EXTINGUISHERS, “BOX DIALS,’ ‘PENCIL CASES AND YE NEWEST FOUNTAIN PENS,’ ‘CHAMBER GRATES,’ “STOW GRATES, “SMOAK JACKS,’ “MAN TRAPS.’ “LEGORNE HATS, ‘LUTE AND VIOLIN STRINGS,’ “BOOKS OF ESSENCES, ‘VENICE TREACLE,’ “BALSOMES, “FLORENCE CORDIALS, ‘BOLOG- NIA SAUSIDGES AND NAPLE SOAP.’ ‘JOHN JUKES DOES ALL MANNER OF JAPAN WORK, MENDS OLD JAPAN AND MAKES IT FRESH AS NEW. SECURES INDIA JAPAN IN YE NEATEST MANNER.’ CURIOSITIES IN TRADESMEN’S CARDS 53 Lacemen Lamplighter Landscape and Portrait Painter Lantern Maker Lapidary Leather Pipe and Bucket Maker Lighterman and Coal Dealer | Man-Midwife Mantua Maker Menagerie Metcets “Messenger of Bankruptcy’ Mill Maker Music Master Musical Instrument Makers “MAKES ALL SORTS OF SHOULDER KNOTS IN GOLD SILVER SILK OR WORSTED OFFICERS AND SERJEANTS SWASHES. FIFE STRINGS IN THE NEATEST TASTE.’ (See Plate’ L.) ‘FURNISHETH PERSONS OF QUALITY AND OTHERS WITH LAMPS, LANTHORNS AND IRONS. ALSO KEEPS SERVANTS TO LIGHT THEM AT REA- SONABLE RATES.’ (See Plate LI.) Dated 1782. (See Drapets.) “At the Dial, Mill and Hand-screw IN TOOLEY ST., NEAR YE BRIDGE-FOOT, SOUTHWARK. ‘MALT MILLS, SNUFF MILLS, COCHENEAL AND INDIGO MILLS, BARK MILLS, ALMOND MILLS, b] ETC. “TEACHER OF THE HARP AND BARD TO THE PRINCE REGENT AT THE OFFICE OF ROBES IN THE LORD STEWARD’S COURTYARD IN ST. JAMES’ PALACE.’ “ALL SORTS OF TRUMPETTS AND KETTLE DRUMS, FFRENCH HORNS, SPEAKING TRUMPETTS, HEARING HORNES FOR DEAFE PEOPLE AND ALL SORTS OF POWDER FLASKS AND ALLSO 54 LONDON TRADESMEN’S CARDS Musical Instrument Makers (confd.) Musicians Mustard Maker Needle and Fish hook Makers Nightmen WIND GANES MADE AND MENDED BY WIL- LIAM BULL TRUMPETT MAKER TO HIS MAIES- TIE WHO LIVETH att the Sign of the Trumpett and Horne IN CASTAL STREET NEARE THE MuysE.’ (See illustration p. 8.) The Royal Mews stood on the site of The National Gallery, and ‘was so called of the King’s falcons there kept’ (Stow). “At the Hautboy and 2 Flutes IN BRIDE LANE COURT.’ “At the Sign of the French Horn and Violin OPPOSITE THE WAX WORK, FLEET STREET.” “At the Violin, Hautboy and German Flute at THE WEST END OF ST. PAUL’S CHURCHYARD.’ ‘MUSIC PRICKED.’ “JNO. JOHNSON AT ye Harp and Crown, CHEAP- SIDE. Dibdin the song writer was employed with this celebrated violin maker. “HARPSICHORDS AND SQUARE PIANO FORTES.’ “Tabor and Pipe IN HELMET COURT NEAR CATHERINE STREET, STRAND.’ ‘JOHN warRD aft the Violin and Hautboy IN YE OLD CHANGE, CHEAPSIDE. PROVIDES MUSIC FOR CONSORTS, BALLS AND ASSEMBLIES.’ ‘BILL’S ORIGINAL DURHAM MUSTARD WARE- HOUSE AT Ihe Fox IN BUDGE ROW.’ ‘Ww. WYLDE, NEEDLEMAKER TO HER MAJESTY AT THE Ouneen’s Arms IN ST. PAUL’S CHURCH- YARD.’ “ROBERT STONE, NIGHTMAN AND RUBBISH CARTER at the Golden Pole, THE UPPER END OF WHITE CROSS STREET. DECENTLY PER- FORMS ALL HE UNDERTAKES. NOW CARRIED ON BY HIS DAUGHTER.’ (Account on back dated 1761.) CURIOSITIES IN TRADESMEN’S CARDS 55 Nightmen (con/d.) Notary Public Nutserymen Oilmen Paper Stainer Patten Makers ‘WILLIAM LINGLEY, NIGHTMAN AND POLEMAN FOR THE CITY OF LONDON. NO. 35 IN THE OLD CHANGE, CHEAPSIDE.’ (Dated 1774.) ‘PINE APPLES RAISED AND SOLD BY HENRY SCOTT, GARDENER AT WEYBRIDGE. HE HAS CUT RIPE PINE APPLES EVERY WEEK FOR I5 MONTHS PASSED AND SHALL CUT UNTILL YE LATTER END OF OCTOBER.’ (Dated 1754.) Note to illustration reads: Explanation, ‘KNOWLEDGE AND LABOUR (AS- SISTED BY FOUR ELEMENTS) PRESENTING THE GARDENER WITH A CORNUCOPIA OF FRUITS.’ “THOS. WADDELL & SON, OIL AND COLOUR- MEN AT THE Original Good Woman NEAR St GILES’ CHURCH LONDON. Latwood says the Good Woman, or Silent Woman, represents a headless woman and was particularly used by oilshops. He hazards a guess that it may have had some reference to the Heedless (Headless) or Foolish Virgins in the Parable. “THE FINEST SALLET OYLS OR VIRGIN LUCA,’ “FLORENCE AND GENOA OYL FOR SCOWRING IRON OR BRASS,’ ‘OYL FOR PLAISTERS AND OYNTIMENTS, ‘RAPE OYL FOR LAMPS, ‘MACK- ARONEE, ‘VERMAJELLY,’ “SALT PETER AND PETER SALT, ‘SALT’ PRUNELLA, ‘CHINA SOYE AND KETCHUP, ‘CAVEAR AND PICKLED OYSTERS, ‘MORRELLS AND TRUFFLES,’ ‘BO- LOGNIA SAUSAGES,’ ‘SPRUCE BEER AND PEARL ASHES,’ ‘LEMON AND VERJUYCE,’ “LINKS AND FLAMBEAUX, ‘LAM-BLACK CORD AND PACK-THREAD.’ ‘AT THE CHINEE PAPER WAREHOUSE IN NEW- GATE ST.’ 56 LONDON TRADESMEN’S CARDS Pavior Peruke Makers Pewterer Pin makers Pinkers Pipe-makers Plaster of Paris Figure-maker Poleman and Carter Pork-butcher Potter Press-maker and Turner “THOMAS BOWMAN, PERRUQUES INVENTED 1796 PATENT OBTAINED 1800.’ “MAKES ALL PERUKES AND LADY’S TATES IN THE NEATEST MANNER. LADIES BRAIDS AND CRAPE CUSHIONS.’ ‘At the Sign of the Phoenix and Locks of Hair.’ ‘PEWTER DISHES AND PLATES. ALEHOUSE POTS AND WINE MEASURES, TEAPOTS, PEWTER, OCCUMY AND WHITE METAL SPOONS, BEL- LOWS, BOX IRONS AND FLAT IRONS, CANDLE- STICKS AND SNUFFERS. MAKES ALL SORTS OF PEWTER TOYS.’ ‘At the Golden Dish IN PATERNOSTER ROW NEXT CHEAPSIDE.’ ‘PIN MAKERS AND CITTIZENS ON LONDON BRIDGE. (See Plate LX XVIL.) “DECENTLY PERFORMS ALL HE UNDERTAKES.’ “SAUSAGES AND HOGS PUDDING OF A PECULIAR FLAVOUR.’ ‘JOSIAH WEDGWOOD, POTTER TO HER MAJESTY, BURSLEM IN STAFFORDSHIRE.’ N.B.—HIS MANUFACTURE IS SOLD AT HIS WAREHOUSE IN GT. NEWPORT ST., LONDON AND AT NO OTHER PLACE IN TOWN AND AS HE SELLS FOR READY MONEY ONLY HE DELIVERS THE GOODS SAFE AND CARRIAGE FREE TO LONDON. “MAKERS OF WOODEN SCREWS FOR PRESSES.’ CURIOSITIES IN TRADESMEN’S CARDS 57 Printsellers Prize Fighter Pump Maker and Pipe Borer Quack Doctors Quill and Pen-makers Ratcatcher and Sow Gelder ‘DOROTHY MERCIER at the Golden Ball In WIND- MILL ST. SELLS FLOWER PIECES IN WATER COLOURS PAINTED BY HERSELF FROM THE LIFE. AND FANNS FOR LADIES IN A NEW AND ELEGANT MANNER.’ (See Plate LX XVIII.) “ELIZABETH BAKEWELL MAP AND PRINTSELLER AGAINST THE END OF BIRCHIN LANE IN CORNHILL. ’ “GLASS PAINTINGS AND PICTURES FOR CHIMNEY PIECES. MAKES ALL SORTS OF FRAMES IN THE NEATEST MANNER. STAIRCASES AND ROOMS NEATLY FITTED UP WITH INDIAN PICTURES AND ALL SORTS OF LIQUID COLOURS FOR SURVEYORS, ETC.’ “At the Sign of Ye Laughing Painter iN CRoss COURT.’ “JAMES FIGG, MASTER OF YE NOBLE SCIENCE OF DEFENCE. ON YE RIGHT HAND IN OXFORD ROAD NEAR ADAM AND EVE COURT. TEACHES GENTLEMEN YE USE OF YE SMALL BACK- SWORD AND QUARTERSTAFF.’ (Engraved by Wm. Hogarth.) “FRANCIS SUTTON, SOHOO SQUARE. MAKES AND MINDS ALL SORTS OF WOODEN PUMPS. UNDER- TAKETH THE DIGGING AND CLEANING OF WELLS.’ ‘ELDRIDGE THE NORWICH ARTIST. THE TRUE PREPARER OF FRIAR’S GRAND ORIGINAL SPECIFIC BALSAM OF HEALTH; FINE PURGING SUGAR CAKES FOR WORMS; BENGAMOTT AND FINE CEPHALIC HERB-SNUFF FOR THE HEAD AND EYES.’ (See also Plate LX XXVIII.) 58 LONDON TRADESMEN’S CARDS Razor Makers Alt the Halbert. Alt the Piftol and C. (See Plate LXXXI.) Alt the Piftol and L. Alt the E.T. and Crown. Alt the Red M. and Dagger. (Compare under Cutlers). Also see p. 16. Rocking-horse Maker Scale Makers ‘At the Sine of the Porrige Pot ON LONDON : BRIDGE . ... BEAMS STILLARDS & GOLD SCALES.” _ ‘THE STANDARD W't? OF YE FOLLOWING COINS: DWT. GR. A JACOBUS 6 6 4 JACOBUS 3 3 CAROLUS 5 18 4 CAROLUS 2 21 GUINEA 5 9 4, GUINEA 2 164 MOIDER 6 224 4 MOIDER 3 II PISTOL 4 8 4 PISTOL 2 4 NOTE THAT EACH GRAIN IN GOLD IS 24 AT {P. OUN.’ (See Plate LX XXII.) Sedan Chair Maker (See Plate LX XXIII.) Sergeants at Mace Shampooing Surgeon “SAKE DEEN MAHOMET. THE ART OF SHAMPOO- ING FIRST INTRODUCED INTO ENGLAND BY HIM IN 1784.’ Shell Fish Warehouse ‘At the Oyster Girl NO. 13 CHARLES STREET, SOHO SQUARE, DINNERS DREST AT THE SHORTEST NOTICE. MORNING, EVENING AND SUNDAY PAPERS IN THE COFFEE ROOM, GENTEEL ROOMS FOR THE RECEPTION OF COMPANY. BESI NATIVE OYSTERS WAR- RANTED GOOD BARRELLED.’ CURIOSITIES IN TRADESMEN’S CARDS 59 Ship Broker Ship-masters Shot Maker Shoemaker Silk Thrower Skeleton Seller Skinner Smith Snuff Dealers Spadderdash and Gaiter Maker Stage Waggons and Coaches “SELLS SHIPS OR PARTS OF SHIPS BY PUBLICK OR PRIVATE SALE. LETS SHIPS TO FREIGHT, ENTERS OR CLEARS SHIPS AT THE CUSTOM HOUSE.’ (See Plate LXXXV.) “The Henry and ffrancis. ROBERT OSBORN MASTER IS NOW LOADING AT THE CUSTOM HOUSE KEY.’ BLOOMFIELD, NO. 14 GREAT BELL ALLEY, COLE- MAN ST. [The Poet-Shoemaker 1766-1823. Robert Bloomfield, author of ‘The Farmet’s Boy.’| ‘DEALER IN PHIALS.’ ‘MAKETH THE NEW INVENTED SMOAK JACKS WHICH ARE GREAT PREVENTERS OF CHIM- NEYS SMOAKING.”’ ‘THE Rasp and Crown. FRIBOURG & TREYER N° 34 UPPER END OF Ye HAY MARKET.’ ‘JOHN SAULLE & PONTET AT THE Crown and Rasp, SUCCESSORS TO THE LATE M"™ JAMES FRIBOURG, IN PALL MALL NEAR THE HAY MARKET. FRENCH MANUFACTURERS OF RAPEE SNUFF READY RASP’D OR UNRASPED.’ (1768.) | ; “RAPPEE AND STRASBOURG SNUFES.’ ‘FINEST BATTLE POWDER AT IS. 6d. PER POUND.’ “JOHN DRAKEFORD af the 3 Spatterdashes NEAR EXETER CHANGE IN THE STRAND, MAKES AND SELLS ALL MANNER OF SPRING SPATTER- DASHES.” ‘FLY VANS—-LONDON TO CHELTENHAM IN 20 HOURS.’ 60 LONDON TRADESMEN’S CARDS Stationers ‘“CIPHERING BOOKS, COPPY BOOKS, SLATES, SLATE PENS, POPE JOAN BOARDS, BACK- GAMMON BOARDS, WAX WAFERS, SAND BOXES.’ Surgeon “SERVED KING CHARLES YE 2ND IN YE DUTCH WARRS.” (See Plate LX XXVIII.) Sworn Brokers Tailors “KERSEY BEAVER SURTOUTS,’ ‘SHAG BREECHES,’ ‘FINE JEAN AND NANKEEN HABITS,’ “RICH SATTIN FLORENTINE WAISTCOATS.’ W. COURT, TAILOR AND BREECHES MAKER, 17 GREAT PULTENEY St, GOLDEN SQUARE. Adopts the device of Adam and Eve sewing fig leaves together. Tambour Maker Tea Men ‘AS THE ATTENTION IN TRADE IS HERE CON- FINED TO THIS SINGLE ARTICLE A PREFER- ENCE THEREBY IS PLEADED AND THE CURIOUS IN TEA MAY DEPEND UPON HAVING IT CHEAP AND GENUINE, NOT AFFECTED IN TASTE OR SMELL BY MANY DISAGREEABLE ARTICLES KEPT BY TEA DEALERS.’ “GERMAN SPAW AND PYRMONT WATERS.’ “HUNGAREY AND LAVENDER WATERS.’ “VINELLO AND PLAIN CHOCOLATE.’ Alt the China Man and Tea Tree. Ticket Porter Tobacconist “At the Jessamine Tree, HAVANNA AND PORTU- GAL SNUFF.’ Brunn’s Card—Tobacconist, of Great Marl- borough St., portrays three men with this legend: “THESE THREE UNITE IN ONE CAUSE, THIS SNUFFS, THAT SMOAKES, THE OTHER CHAWS.’ The Snuffer says “VOULEZ VOUS DE RAPE.’ The Smoker ,, ‘NO DIS BEEN BETTER.’ The Chawer ,, “WILL YE HAS Our. CURIOSITIES IN TRADESMEN’S CARDS 61 Tobacconist (contd.) Toymen Trunk Makers Turtle Shell Worker Turners Umbrella Makers Undertakers On the back is a bill ‘Ib. iy Tal 8 OF FINE TOBACCO AT 164 PER POUND OI0 8 ib: SLOW MIDDLINGH ye AT 1A). 1,5) 04, O2'904.: “POOLES BEST VIRGINIA af the too Golding Potts and Bottles IN BRIDGE ST. COVENT GARDEN.’ See Pewteretrs. “VALEESES FOR BEDDING, PANNIERS, ENGLISH MAILS, HAIR PORTMANTUA TRUNKS, PERRI- WIG BOXES, CLOATH CLOAK BAGGS, FIRE BUCKETS AND BLACK JACKS, GAMBADOES FOR SEA AND LAND.’ “ALL SORTS OF TRUNKS FOR PLATE CHINA AND GUunss. “HAIR TRUNKS, SUMPTER TRUNKS, PORTMANTUA TRUNKS, GILDED LEATHER TRUNKS AND PERUKE BOXES, CANTEENS TO HOLD LIC- QUORS, CASES FOR PLATE, POST CHAISES AND ‘ALE SORTS.” ‘NEW DISCOVERED TURTLE SHELL.’ “TURNER AND TOYMEN.’ “PATENT SPUNGE MAKER FOR GREAT GUNS AND TURNER TO THE HONOURABLE BOARD OF ORDNANCE, THE ROYAL NAVY AND THE HONBLE. UNITED EAST INDIA COMPANY.’ ‘OIL’D SILK AND LAWN UMBRELLAS. NEW INVENTED LONG TUBED UMBRELLAS. LIKEWISE FOR THE GOUT, RHEUMATISM AND DROPSY KNEECAPS, ELBOW DO. BOOTIKINS, GLOVES, ETC.’ “YOU MAY BE FURNISHED WITH ALL SORTS AND SIZES OF COFFINS AND SHROUDS READY MADE AND ALL OTHER CONVENIENCES BELONGING TO FUNERALS.’ 62 LONDON TRADESMEN’S CARDS Undertakers (contd.) ‘SAFETY FOR THE DEAD. SIR WILLIAM SCOTT HAS DECIDED THE RIGHT TO INTER IN IRON.’ “FUNERALS DECENTLY PERFORMED.’ “VELVET PALLS, HANGINGS FOR ROOMS, LARGE SILVER’D CANDLESTICK AND SCONCES, TA- PERS FOR WAX LIGHTS, HERALDRY FEATHERS AND VELVETS, FINE CLOTH CLOAKS AND MIDLING DO. RICH SILK SCARVES, ALLA- MODE AND SARSNETT HAT BANDS, BURYING CRAPES OF ALL SORTS.’ ‘IMPROVED COFFINS—THE FASTENINGS OF THESE IMPROVED RECEPTACLES BEING ON SUCH A PRINCIPLE AS TO RENDER IT IM- PRACTICABLE FOR THE GRAVE ROBBERS TO OPEN THEM. THIS SECURITY MUST AFFORD GREAT CONSOLATION AT AN RA WHEN IT IS A WELL-AUTHENTICATED FACT THAT NEARLY ONE THOUSAND BODIES ARE ANNUALLY APPROPRIATED FOR THE PURPOSE OF DISSEC- TION.’ Upholsterers ‘FOUR POST TENT BEDSTEADS WITH MORINE, HARATEEN, CHENEY AND CHECK FURNI- TURE. “SOPHAS.’ _ “ORGANS, HARPSICHORDS AND PIANO FORTES. N.B. DEALER IN COALS.’ Wax and Tallow AT THE ‘ Bee Hive and Wax Chandler.’ Chandlers “MOULD AND STORE CANDLES. ALSO THE FINE AND TRUE SPERMA CCETI CANDLES,’ ‘FRENCH DIAPHANE CANDLES,’ ‘FLAMBEAUX.’ Weaver At the Peacock. Whalebone and Cane Merchants Wire Drawer ‘GOLD & SILVER WYER DRAWER AT THE Shipp ¢” Anchor IN LOMBARD-STREET, NEARE GRACIOUS-STREET.’ Woad Dyer “TO THE HON: EAST INDIA COMPANY.’ Wool Staplers CHAPTER VII TRADE CARDS BY WILLIAM HOGARTH FRoM vatious sources I have compiled a list of Tradesmen’s Cards by, or attributed to, William Hogarth. That all of these are authentic is doubtful. It is more than probable that some are the work of W. H. Ireland—son of Samuel Ireland the engraver—forger of the Shakespeare manuscripts, and were ascribed by him to Hogarth. The greater number of those mentioned will be found in Austin Dobson’s Hogarth; others ate given in Graphic INustrations of Hogarth, by S. Ireland; Hogarth’s Works, by John Ireland and Nicholls; Hogarth Illustrated, by John Ireland; and in auction sales catalogues of the collections belonging to Mrs. Hogarth and S. Ireland. The portfolios in the Print Room of the British Museum contain examples of nearly all the engravings listed. BOXER James Fice, Oxford Road, near Adam and Eve Court. (Size 64” x 42”.) Will Hogarth fecit 1794. BUN BAKER RicHarpD Hanp, King’s Arms, at Chelsey (see Plate V). (Size 7” x 54".) Wm. Hogarth, 1718 (°). BUNN HOUSE Davip Loupon’s, at Chelsey (see Plate VI). Wm. Hogarth. (Size 142” x 8$”.) DRUGGIST James Bartuert, at The Three Angels in Cornhill. (Size 6”x4”".) The plate is engraved 4®. A bill on the back of the card is dated 28 April, 1725. | ENGRAVER W.Hocartu (see Plate XXX). (Size 4” X 22”.) The plate is engraved ‘Aprill ye 23.1720’. Samuel Ireland, in Graphic IWustrations of Hogarth, says: ‘Hogarth’s* own shop of message card which bears the date April 21st 1720.’ Said to be Hogarth’s earliest wotk. 63 64 LONDON TRADESMEN’S CARDS ENGRAVER (contd.) W. Hocartu at ye Golden Ball, ye corner of ENGRAVERS’ PUNCH MAKER FAN MAKER FROCK SHOP GOLDSMITHS Cranborne Alley, little Newport Street. W. Hogarth, delt. S.I.ft. (Size 4” x 23”.) The plate is engraved ‘April ye 29 (?) 1720.’ The day of the month is indistinct on all impressions I have seen. See also under Land Surveyor (p. 66). Sotsutt. Hogarth del. Si press (Size 54” x43") Gorpon. Ye Golden Fan and Crown in Tavi- Stock St., Covent Garden. (Size 7” x 54”.) W. Hogarth Invt. J. Sympson sculp. An original drawing. I have seen no engraving. Mary AND ANN HoGartu. Ye Kings Arms joyning to ye Little Britain Gate. (Size GL” x 44".) Hogarth del. T. Cook Sculp.iGeemPiate XXXIV). In Samuel Ireland’s Graphic WMuStrations the plate is engraved ‘W’. Hogarth del J.I. fe’. Other impressions are without the names of artist or engraver. (Size 42” x 33”.) Extis GAMBLE (i) At The Golden Angel, in Cranbourn St., Leicester Fields. (Size 72” x 52”.) A. M. Ireland sculp. (see Plate XXXV). (ii) “A contracted copy of above’ (Ireland and Ni- cholls’ Hogarth’s Works). (iii) ‘Arms of Ellis Gamble, a direction card.’ W. Hogarth 8... fect. ssGSsceutet Graphic INustrations.) HOGARTH TRADE CARDS 65 GOLDSMITHS (contd. ) INN ITALIAN WAREHOUSEMEN JNo. MONTGOMERY at the Angel, corner of Cambridge St. in Golden Square. (Size 7B x52" This is a replica of Ellis Gamble’s card (i) above with the name and address suitably altered. PETER DE LA FonrAaINgE, at the Golden Cup in Litchfield St. Soho. (Size 74” x 6”.) W. Hogarth Ft. 1798. Probably engraved by Sympson. (See Frontispiece.) Wiiim. Harpy in Ratcliff highway near Sun Tavern Fields. (Size 28” x 2”.) A mutilated copy of this card was given to S. Ireland by Mr. Bonneau—no perfe& impression has been found. JoHN Barxer, Morocco Ambassador’s Head, Lombard St. (Size 32” x 24”.) Ram Inn, Cirencester. (Size 42” x 54”.) Wesiieetecit. 1710, James SmitH (? Te Axge/), Barkway, Hert- fordshire. (Size 3+" x 22".) The sign resembles Ellis Gamble’s. Mrs. Hott, at Ye Two Olive Posts in ye Broad part of the Strand. (Size 62” x 5”.) Hogarth del. A.M.I. £&. (see Plate XLIX). JoHn Marcui, at The Three Jars and Two iefgies. encaty thes Littles Eheatre: inthe Haymarket. [No. 12 Haymarket.] (Size 74° ~~ Sue) A teplica of Mrs. Holt’s card above. Dated 1772. KitGour & CumINeE, New Bond Street. (Size 64" x 5.) The engraving of Mrs. Holt’s card has been reversed and details slightly altered. 66 LONDON. TRADESMEN’S CARDS LAND SURVEYOR J. Cuapman, Royal Academy, Pall Mall. AND ENGRAVER PAVIOR SIGN PAINTER TOBACCONISTS UPHOLSTERER A Tobacconist’s Card by Ww. Hogarth (Size 22”x22".) This engraving is an adaptation from Hogarth’s card issued from The Golden Ball. ‘Sign for a Pavior.’ (Size 42" x 42”.) Hogarth pinxt. J.I. sculp., dated 1790. This is a design for a signboard rather than for a Trade Card. ‘Design for a Shop Bill.’ (Size 68" x 54”.) Hogarth pinxt. Merigot sculp., dated 1799. RICHARD LEE, at the Golden Tobacco Ro// in Pan- ton Street, Leicester Fields. (Size 4” x 32”.) W. Hogarth invt. Compare Hogarth’s Modern Midnight Con- versation. LacroIx’s, the Corner of Warwick Street, near Swallow Street, St. James’s. (Size 22” x 22".) See illustration below. Harrison. A Tobacco paper. (Name panel left blank.) (Size 8”7”.) On the back is written ‘Engraved by W. Hogarth 1731 in Fleet Street.’ Street, S'Jamess,. __ < WH AH Hen HM) ay i mil t I | ti fi le ‘lies = inl; Tes 3) | Hi “TE i) Witt) i W Vy. ie il i J sil i IN| j Bis. ii | , bad ‘\ %y, fl La Va “1 CNG 2 1 Cah eR Alita 2 ah 7 ¥ CHAPTER VIII DESCRIPTIONS OF PLATES With Notes on the Signs and Topography. Giving sizes, dates, and other particulars. Except where otherwise mentioned, the examples are taken from the author’ s own collection. Plate No. GOLDSMITH Frontispiece PErer Dz La Fonraine A¢ the Golden Cup in Litchfield Street, Soho, by William Hogarth. In Banks’ Collection, dated 1798. (Size 74” x 6”.) The Golden Cup was a sign derived from the arms of the Goldsmiths’ Company and often used by Goldsmiths and Booksellers. - Litchfield Street ran from Upper St. Martin’s Lane to Charing Cross Road. It is said that at No. 3 (Lady Paulet’s) was a room with a ceiling which might have been painted by Hogarth. The costumes are those of 1730-40. BOOKSELLERS I. Joun Wivxre As the Bible in St. Paul’s Churchyard, engraved by Corbould and Jeffreys. (Size 8” x 6”.) The Bible became the symbol of the Booksellers and Publishers at the Reformation. John Wilkie was at this address from 1757 to 1770, and published Te London Chronicle there. Treasurer of the Stationers’ Company. He died 1785. The house was afterwards numbered 71. It stood by the north door behind the Chapter House. II. J. SeaGo. Print and Bookseller, High Street, St. Giles’s. In the Banks Collection. Dated 1782. (Size 34” x 22”.) There is another card of J. Seago’s, in which his address is given as “High Street, St. Giles’s near the Church’ and embellished with an old ragamuffin in a tattered hat who is labelled ‘Old Simon.’ In this—probably earlier—card, he describes himself as Print-seller only. 67 68 Plate No. its iy: VI. LONDON TRADESMEN’S CARDS BRAZIER Tuomas Picxert A¢ the Sign of ye Frying Pan in Compton Street, Soho. (Size 64” x 32”.) ‘Citizen and Brazier’ is written on the face. The sign bears the City Arms and another coat which is not discernible. BREECHES MAKER James Porter A+ the Sign of the Boot and Breeches, in Shoemaker Row, Aldgate. (Size 64” x 34”.) The makers of leather breeches for riding frequently combined their occupation with that of glover or bootmaker. BUN BAKERS . RicHarD Hann Af she Kings Arms at Chelsey, by Wm. Hogarth, dated 1718. (Size 7” x 5}”.) The ascription to Hogarth is a very doubtful one. The Royal Arms are those of George I. This celebrated Royal Bun House was kept by the Hand family for four generations. In Smith’s Book for a Rainy Day 1s quoted an advertisement of Mrs. Hand, who kept the shop from 1738 to 1798, informing her customers that she had determined not to sell Hot Cross Buns on Good Friday—only Chelsea Buns. David Loudon’s Bunn House at Chelsey, by Wm. Hogarth. In Mr. C. W. F. Goss’s Collection. (Size 142” x 82”.) In the earlier impressions of this plate the name W. Hogarth does not appear—it was added later. Masonic emblems and costume. Arms of George I. Costume 1730 circa. It seems likely that this Bun-house is the same as that previously kept by the Hand family (see above). The building stood at the corner of Grosvenor Row DESCRIPTION OF PLATES 69 Plate No. Bun BAKERS (contd.) (now 60 Pimlico Road), and contained a Museum of Curiosities, amongst which wete two lead figures, 4 ft. high, of British Grenadiers (see figures in illustra- tion). A good description and a drawing appears in Beaver’s Memorials of Old Chelsea. It was pulled down in 1839. CABINET MAKERS VII. Cuarues BiypE As the Chair and Tea Chest in IKnaves Ne Xepad SV Angu a ec ‘Knave’s Acre or Pulteney Street, Golden Square..... chiefly inhabited by those that deal in old goods and glass bottles’—Strype. VIII. JoHn Brown A? the Three Cover’d Chairs and Walnut Tree, St. Paul’s Churchyard. (Size 74” x 5”.) On the back of this card is an account dated 1738 for ‘a large corner cabinet 15/-.2 The Walnut Tree was a sign often adopted by cabinet makers. On the south side of St. Paul’s Churchyard there was a Tavern of this name, and an eighteenth-century engraving shows a large tree on that side. John Brown was here from 1728 to 1744. His shop was at the East end of the Churchyard near the school. CALICO PRINTER IX. Jacos Srampe Af ye Sighn of the Callico Printer in Houns- ditch. (Size 54" <5”.) In the Bagford Colleétion. A very early example of the woodcut Trade Card. Green, in his Hzsfory of the Enghsh People, mentions this card as being zemp. James II. Houndsditch—formerly the City Ditch surrounding the wall from the Tower to the Fleet by Newgate. 70 Plate No. x XI. LONDON TRADESMEN’S CARDS CARPENTER HENRY SIDGIER A¢ the Carpenters Arms in Great Shere Lane (Temple Bar). (Size 64” x 5”.) The Arms are those of the Carpenters’ Company. “Sheer Lane, or more properly Shire Lane, so called because it divideth the Cittie from the Shire’-—(Stow). It had an unenviable reputation, and the name was changed to Lower Serle’s Place. It was finally cleared away at the building of the Law Courts. CHEMIST RICHARD SIDDALL af the Golden Head in Panton Street, Haymarket. R. Clee fecit. (Size 10” x 7”.) The Head is possibly that of Glauber, a very favourite sion with Chemists. Another example of this card in the Banks Collection is dated 1781. An illustration of it appears in Hodgkin’s Rariora. A similar card in the Hon. Gerald Ponsonby Collection bears the names Siddall & Swann. CHIMNEY SWEEP XII. GEORGE CORDWELL af the Golden Broom, Grosvenot’s XIII. Mews, near Berkley Square. (Size 74” x 4#".) In the Banks Collection. Dated 1784. The Royal Arms are those of George II. CHINA AND GLASS SELLERS JANE TayLtor & SON at the Feathers in Pall Mall. (Size 6” x 42”.) The small panels below the sign show a Tea Merchant and a Glass Blower’s furnace. Pall Mall is said by Wheatley to have been the first London street lighted by gas in 1807. Plate No. XLV. OF XV 1. XVII. DESCRIPTION OF PLATES 71 CLOCK MAKER MatH™ GAUCHERON af the Dia/ in Tower St., near ye 7 Dials. J™ Fougeron, Sculpt (Size 7” x 5”.) Where the seven streets met in St. Giles in the Fields Stood a column, erected in 1694 and removed in 1773. In Evelyn’s Diary, and again in Gay’s I7rivia, this is described as bearing seven dials, but Thorne, in his Handbook, to the Environs of London, 1876, says that the block on which the dials were fixed is distinctly six- sided and is used as a mounting block near ‘The Ship Inn,’ Weybridge. The column itself was te- erected on Weybridge Green in 1822. CLOG MAKER Tuos. Berry Ar the Patten and Crowne, under St. Dunstan’s Church in Fleet Street. (Size 64” x 44”.) In the Banks Collection. Dated 1799. This beautifully drawn card is reproduced in Hodgkin’s Rariora. CLOTHIERS CaASALTINE & Matuews ‘l¢ the Lamb and Star the 24 shop in Houndsditch, faceing Aldgate Church.’ toes) x5.) Houndsditch (see under Plate EX). KENELM Dawson Af the Sign of the Jolly Sailor in Mon- mouth Street (St. Giles’). (Size 54” x 4”.) Monmouth Street in the eighteenth century was noted for its second-hand clothiers’ or “slop shops.’ Costume 1740 circa. COALMAN XVII. Joun Epwarps ‘4¢ the Old Collier and Cart at Fleet Ditch near Holborn Bridge.’ (Size 4” x 34”.) This catd has a space at the bottom for the account. a2 Plate No. LONDON TRADESMEN’S CARDS COALMAN (contd.) The specimen referred to contains an invoice dated 1717 for “z Load of Coals & all Accounts 17/-.’ “The Fleet Ditch’ was cleaned out, enlarged and banked in 1670 to allow of the passage of barges up as far as Holborn. The Fleet joined the Old Bourne at the foot of Holborn Hill. COLOURMAN . NATHAN Drake Af the White Hart, Long Acre. In the Pranks Collection. (Size 7” x 54”.) The White Hart couchant with collar and chain was the otdinatry badge of King Richard I, surnamed of Bordeaux. Long Acre has been noted for its famous coach-makers since the seventeenth century, and no doubt attracted ancillary trades such as those of Colourmen. CONFECTIONER . D. Necri Af the Pine Apple in Berkeley Square. (Size 1H x64") The Pineapple was the emblem generally adopted by confectioners in the eighteenth century. Negri and Gunter were confectioners at the ‘Pot and Pineapple, Berkley Squate,’ in 1784. In the Banks Collection is a card of Negri and Wetten at Berkeley Square and also of Wetten and Son, 19 Bruton Street, dated 1785 and 1801. In the same collection is a:card of ‘Gunter, confectioner, 31 New Bond Street, from Mr. Negri’s.’ This is dated 1787. No. 5 Berkeley Square has long been famous in its connection with Messrs. Gunter. The building of the Square itself was begun in 1698. Plate No. XXI. 0.458 XXIII. XXIV. XXV. DESCRIPTION OF PLATES 73 COPPER PLATE MAKER BENJAMIN Wuitrow A¢ the Crown in Shoe Lane(Holborn). (Size 74” x 6".) The Crown is one of the oldest signs, and is read of as early as 1467. Shoe Lane was a centre for Sign Painters and the designers of broad-sheets. COSTUMIER Jacxson’s Hasit WAREHOUSE in Tavistock Street, Covent Garden. Woodifield sculp* In Mr. E. E. Newton’s Collection. Dated 1770. Tavistock Street in the eighteenth century was one of the most fashionable shopping streets. CUPP Joun Ricc. ‘At the Hummums in the Little Piazza, Covent Garden.’ Woodifield, Sculpt (Size 7” x 54”.) ‘Hummums is a Bagnio or place for sweating in Covent Garden. Here is also a cold bath for such as are disposed to use it.—Hatton’s New Vzew of London, 1708. John Rigg states that ‘it has always been kept and preserved for near an Hundred Years.’ CUTLER Joun BraiusForD, “in ye Broad part of St. Martins Court, Leicester Fields.’ (Size 6” x 4”.) On the back of this card various prescriptions have been noted, one is headed ‘Receipt for ye Jaundies.’ DAIRYMAN TuHos. Epwarps at the Ass and Foal, Matylebone Lane. G2izen7) <0; ) In the Banks Collection. Dated 1781. 74 Plate No. Vile Dies XXVIII. LONDON TRADESMEN’S CARDS DENTIST Law. No. ro St. Albans Street, Pall Mall. (Size 4” x 3”.) In the Banks Collection. Machy, sculpt. DRAWING MASTER T. SANpDBy, Junr. St. George’s Row, Oxford Street. (Size.9$” x 6$".) B. West, R.A., inv: F. Bartolozzi, R.A., etched. Published May, 1791, by T. Sandby, Junr., St. George’s Row. B. West was elected P.R.A. in the following year. The address is the same as on that of the card of Paul Sandby the artist. A proof before letters is in the Franks Colle@ion. DYER JoHN WILpDBLOOD at ¢he Rainbow and 3 Pidgons in St. Clements Lane in Lombard Street. (Size 54” x 32”.) In the Victoria and Albert Museum. The Rainbow was a favourite and appropriate sign for Dyers, and this device, not dissimilarly drawn, is to be seen on the poster of a Dyer and Cleaner to-day. ENGRAVERS . WM. AND CLUER Dicey af the Maidenhead in Bow Church Yard. (Size 8” x 6”.) ‘It is impossible to determine whether “the Maiden- head”? was set up as a compliment to the Duke of Buckingham, to Catherine Parr, or to the Mercers’ Company, for it is the crest of the three.... but since Elizabeth’s reign it has doubtless frequently referred to the Virgin Queen.’ (Larwood and Hotten’s History of Signboards.) It was a sign used by the early printers. Plate No. XXX. XXXI. DESCRIPTION OF PLATES 75 ENGRAVERS (contd.) In 1'e London Journal, 1724,isanadvertisement of Cluer’s Printing Offices, and a later one gives notice that the business is carried on by his widow, Elizabeth Cluer. The firm seems always to have specialised in the engraving of Shopkeepers’ Bills, and in one adver- tisement adds, ‘Likewise Mr. Handel’s Operas are there Engraved, Printed and Sold.’ W. Hocartu, dated Aprill ye 23. 1720. (Size 4” x 2?”.) In the Franks Colleétion. Bryan’s Dittonary of Painters and Engravers says that this card is Hogarth’s earliest known work. It appears in S. Ireland’s Graphic Wustrations of Hogarth. See list of Hogarth’s Trade Cards on p. 63 and also Plate V, which it will be seen is dated 1718. A some- what similar card bears the wording: ‘W. Hogarth Engraver at_ye Golden Ball Ye corner of Cranbourne Alley Little Newport Street.’ In the Sale Catalogue of Samuel Ireland’s Collection this is described as Hogarth’s ‘shop-bill or message card.’ FIRE ENGINE MAKER JoHn Bristow. Ratcliffe Highway, Larken sculpt. Dated 1775. (Size 94” x6”.) The Manual Engine is marked ‘J. Bristow fecit.’ The three badges below it are those of The London Assurance, The Sun, and The Royal Exchange Fire Insurance Companies. In the Guildhall Library is another card of John Bristow with ‘A Perspective View of part of the Ruins of the late dreadful Fire which happened in Cornhill March 25th, 1748.’ This one has the badges of twenty-one Fire Insurance Companies. 76 Plate No. DANO G Be XXXII. XXXIV. XXXV. LONDON TRADESMEN’S CARDS FRAME MAKERS Ross. No. 113 Gt. Portland Street. Pergolesi del. et sculpt (Size 3x52) In the Banks Collection. Dated 1788. JosErpH Cox in Round Court in St. Martin’s-le-Grand. (Size 6” x 32”.) Inthe Banks Collection. Dated 1786. FROCK SHOP Mary AND ANN HoGartn. ‘From the old Frock Shop the corner of the Long Walk facing the Cloysters. Removed to Y°* King’s Arms joyning to y® Little Britain Gate near Long Walk.’ (Size 62” x 42”, also Uso BM 43 X33'-) Hogarth del: T. Cook sculpt. This engraving is usually considered to be one of the Ireland forgeries. Mary and Ann were sisters of Wm. Hogarth who died 1764. Mary, born 1699, predeceased her brother, and Ann, born 1701, died in 1771. Little Britain is said, according to Stow, to have taken its name from a mansion used by the Dukes of Brittany. It was famous for its Booksellers’ Shops. The Cloisters, those of Christ’s Hospital, adjoined Long Walk and led to St. Bartholomew’s Hospital; the Gate was one leading into Christ’s Hospital. The costumes shown ate 1730-1740. GOLDSMITHS Dr LA FONTAINE (see note to Frontispiece, p. 67). Exiis GAMBLE at he Golden Angel in Cranbourn St., Leicester Fields. A. M. Ireland sculpt. (Size 72” x 52”.) Wheatley’s London Past and Present quotes the following extract from Knowles’ Life of Fuseh: | “At the Golden Angel in Cranbourne St. Leicester Fields lived Ellis Gamble the goldsmith to whom Hogarth Plate No. XXXVI. XXXVI. XXXVI. XXXIX. DESCRIPTION OF PLATES 1 GOLDSMITHS (contd.) was apptenticed to learn the art of silverplate en- gtaving. [1712.] A shop-bill engraved for Gamble by this eminent apprentice is oreatly coveted by the collectors of Hogarth’s works and fine impressions fetch extraordinary prices.’ Samuel Ireland considered his own impression of this card to be unique—it is certainly very rare. In the Catalogue of the Sale of Ireland’s Collection, 1797, it is recorded that this print had previously fetched ae Cranbourne Street or Alley (see description to Plate LXXXVI). JoHN RaymMonp af the Boy and Coral! in Gutter Lane. (Size 6” x 4”.) In the Franks Collection. BENJAMIN CARTWRIGHT A/ the Crown and Pearl, neat ye George Inn, West Smithfield. (Size 74” x 54”.) GROCERS GEORGE Farr af the Bee-hive and Three Sugar Loaves in Wood Street near Cheapside. (Size 9” x 6}”.) The Three Sugar Loaves was the most usual sign for Grocers and Tea-men. Wood Street, Stow suggests, was named after Thos. Wood (Sheriff 1491), but it was so called before that date. The well-known tree at the Cheapside corner marks the site of the church of St. Peter-in- Cheap. A Spanish hotse snuff mill and a Scotch mull are shown at the foot of this card. | Ray AND Lumury Af the Tea-Tub, Three Sugar Loaves and Crown near Cruched-Fryers in Mark Lane. J. Watts, sculpt. (Size 6” x 44”.) Mark Lane, or originally Mart Lane, ‘so called of a privilege sometime enjoyed to keep a mart there.’ 78 Plate No. XL. DEE ADIT. LONDON TRADESMEN’S CARDS GROCERS (contd.) Stow says, “In this street (Hart Street or Crutchet Friars) sometime stood one house of Crouched (or Crossed) Priars—founded about the year 1298.’ The Great Fire broke out in Mark Lane (compare Pepys’s Dzary, Sep. 2, 1666). JoHn RicHarpson ‘A? the Canifler and Three Sugar Loaves against Hatton Garden.’ (Size 54” x 4”.) On the back of this card is a bill dated 1756 which reads: “A Single Loaf rolbs. 130z. at 8d. o 7 24 Souchong Tea lb. o ‘tov.coe HABERDASHERS PEARSON ‘at the Roya/ Point in ‘Tavistock Street, Covent Garden.’ Bride, sculpt. Dated 1774. (Size 82” x 7”.) The sign denotes the Laceman. This is a good example of the Trade Card which has a bill-heading printed on the back of it (see p. 2), where the full name (Matthew Pearson) is given, and the street number (74) has been inserted. An earlier card of Pearson’s adds ‘of Paulin’s’ to the address. Paulin’s was a famous haberdasher, also in Tavistock Street (see p. 19). SIBBELLA LLoyp, MARTHA WILLIAMS & ELIZABETH StToREY ‘at Ye Three Angels against George Yard, Lombard Street.’ (Size 74” x 5”.) Three Angels was a sign often adopted by Linen Drapers. In R. Harwood’s Plan (1792) this house is numbered 32 Lombard Street. Hilton Price, in his Szgvs of Lombard Street, gives: No. 32 Three Angels, 1723. Mary Browne and Margaret Morris. 1731. Richard Browne. Plate No. XLIT. XLIV. XLV. XLVI. XOLVIE DESCRIPTION OF PLATES 79 HABERDASHERS (contd.) The George and Vulture Inn mentioned in The Pickwick Papers stood at the end of George Yard. JAMEs Raynotps Af the Hand and Penn in Rusell St., Covent Garden. (Size 5}” x 33”.) The Hand and Pen was the Sign of Scriveners and Writing Mastets. HATTERS CHARLES PaGeEt at the Black Boy and Hatt, High Holbourn. Bsize 85" 0) | THOMAS COLLYER ‘at ye King’s Armes and Beaver in Exchange Alley in Cornhill.’ (Size 74” x 44”.) *Haberdasher of Hatts.’ The origin of the word haberdasher, according to Skeat, is Icelandic—hapurtask, from the haversack in which pedlars carried their wares. The Royal Arms are those of William III, 1689-1702, and it was no doubt out of compliment to him that the advertisement is repeated in Dutch. Exchange Alley now Change Alley. HOSIERS Witt1amM Roperts ‘at the Three Squrrils in Jermyn erecta l(o1zen5_ <6.) ‘Cages with climbing squirrels and beils to them were formerly the indispensable appendages of the outside of a Tinman’s shop, and were, in faét, the only live sien.’ (Larwood and Hotten’s History of Signboards.) A bill made out by W. Roberts to Charles Howard, Esq. (afterwards the 11th Duke of Norfolk), is dated 1775. Gray the poet was in the habit of lodging at Robert’s the hosiers at the east end of Jermyn Street. Tuomas Moore ‘d /’Enseigne de I’ Evesque Blaze dans Chiswell Street’ (Finsbury Square). (Size 8” x 6}”.) 80 Plate No. XLVI. Li LONDON TRADESMEN’S CARDS HostkErs (contd.) Bishop Blaze or Blaize, otherwise St. Blasius, was Bishop of Sebaste in Cappadocia, and became the patron saint of Woolcombers. He is represented with the instru- ment of his martyrdom—an iron comb. The arms are those of George III. In the Franks ColleGtion is a rather similar card of Thomas Moote, but with the letterpress in English and without the Royal Arms. At the foot is a frame- knitting machine. On the back is a bill dated 1777. The plate is signed B. Webb script. Morrison sculpt. INSTRUMENT MAKER James Simons ‘at Sir Isaac Newton’s Head Marylebone Street.’ (Size 64” « 42”.) Longmate, sculpt. Marylebone Street (Regent Street) was built cerca 1680, and was so called because it led from Hedge Lane (now Whitcomb St.) to Marylebone. ITALIAN WAREHOUSEMAN Mrs. Hott at ye Two Olive Posts, Strand. Hogarth del. A. M. Ireland sculpt. (Size 62” x 5”.) In the Catalogue of the Sale of Samuel Ireland’s Collection it is stated that this print had previously sold for nine guineas. This same design is used on the Billhead (dated 1772) of John Marchi at the Three Jars and Two Flasks, wine merchant, in the Haymarket. Slightly altered, it appeats again on the Trade Card of Kilgour & Cumine, grocers, in New Bond Street. The Olwe Tree was a common sign for Italian Ware- housemen. . Plate No. be wh LH. LUI. LIV. LY. LVI. LVII DESCRIPTION OF PLATES 81 LAMPLIGHTERS JOHN Ciarx, Denmark Street, St. Giles-in-the-Fields. (Size 6” x 74".) WILL. Conaway, in Dean Street, Soho. (Size 54” x 4”.) The card shows Monmouth House, Soho Squate, built by Sir Christopher Wren, where Bateman’s Buildings now stand. See details on p. 26. The same engraving appears on the card in the Banks Collection of Joel Iles, oilman, Queen Street, Soho. LIBRARY Francis Nosie’s at “Osway’s Head, King Street, Covent Garden.’ Ravenet, sculpt. (Size 74” x 5}”.) Francis Noble died 1792. The costumes date this card 1745-1750. In 1770 there were only four Circulating Libraries in London. The earliest was Wright’s in the Strand, Started in 1740. LINEN DRAPERS BENJAMIN COLE ‘at the Sum in St. Paul’s Churchyard.’ B. Cole, sculpt. (Size 6” x 4”.) The costume is that of the reign of George I or late Queen Anne, 1710-1720. JoHn Morris ‘at the Old Black Boy in Norton Folgate.’ (Size 52” x 4”.) The Black, Boy was usually a tobacconist’s sign. EpwaArb Eyre ‘at the Wheatsheaf in York Street, Covent Garden.’ (Size 52” x 32”.) The Wheatsheaf is more commonly a baker’s sign. PETER OrTON ‘at the Black-Moors Head in Fleet Street,’ dated 1754. (Size 74” x 5”.) Negroes were called Black Moots or Black-a-moots to distinguish them from the Moors or Tawny Moors. KE. Jerrerys ‘at the Dolphin over against Middle Row, Holborn.’ (Size 6” x 32”.) 82 Plate No. LVIII. LIX. Lex. LXI. Exh LONDON TRADESMEN’S CARDS LINEN DRAPERS (contd.) Middle Row was an island row of houses towards the south side of the street by Holborn Bars, nearly opposite the end of Gray’s Inn Road. It was pulled down in 1867. In the Hon. Gerald Ponsonby Colleétion there is a later card of Jefferys’ with a Chippendale frame. MERCERS Epwarp Novwrse at ye Turks Head, Cheapside. (Size 64" x 4h".) This house was subsequently No. 13 Cheapside. It was occupied in 1744-1766 by Phipps & Henley, Mercers 1760 by John Henley, Mercer. 1767 by Edwards, Salmon & Ryder, Mercets. CRANSTON ‘at the Three Nuns and Wheatsheaf in Great Bridge Street, Westminster.’ (Size 82” x 7?”.) The Tree Nuns was a sign often adopted by drapers. The connection has been accounted for by the repu- tation that the holy sisterhoods had for being expert in lace embroidery and other fine work. Apams’s ‘at the Seven Stars in Norris Street, near St. James’s, Hay Market.’ (Size 7” x 43”.) The seven stars of the Pleiades is one of the Masonic emblems. Norris Street led westward from the Haymarket into St. James’ Market, which last was demolished to make way for the southern part of Regent Street. In the centre Stood a large Market Hall. Wm. RypER AND Epwp. NICKLIN at the Indian Oueen, by the Cloisters, West Smithfield. (Size 73” x 5”.) The Cloisters are St. Bartholomew’s. WHITEHEAD RUMBALL ‘at the Golden Anchor neat the New Church in the Strand.’ (Size 6” x 4”.) Plate No. EXIT, LXIV. LXV. LXVI. G2 DESCRIPTION OF PLATES 83 MERCERS (confd.) ‘The New Church’ is St. Mary-le-Strand, built by James Gibbs in 1714. Here stood the great Maypole which was set up in 1661. “What’s not destroyed by Time’s devouring hand Where’s Troy, and where’s the Maypole in the Strand?’ Bramston, Art of Politics, 1731. “Where the tall Maypole once o’erlooked the Strand.’ Pope, The Dunciad. EpwarpbD ARGLES at ye Indian King, near Warwick Coutt, Holborn. (Size 74” x 5”.) Warwick Court stands on the site of the Earl of War- wick’s house. GaBRIEL Douce ‘at ye Lamb and Black Spread Eagle’ in New Round Court, Strand. (Size 54” x 44”.) In the Franks Collection. New Round Court was on the north side of the Strand where now stands the Charing Cross Hospital. GARNHAM Epwarps ‘at the O/d Indian Queen, faceing Hatton Garden, Holborn.’ (Size 5?” x 42”.) The shop probably stood on the site of John Gerard’s egatden—his Herba/ was published in 1597. On the other side of Holborn were the gardens of Hatton House. MILLINER MartHA WHEATLAND AND SISTER ‘at Queen Charlott’s Head, Neat Wood Street, Cheapside.’ W. Tringham, sculpt., dated 1761. (Size 7” x 54”.) The Queen of George III rarely figures on signs. From the fourteenth to the seventeenth century only the shops of goldsmiths were permitted in Cheapside; after Charles I it was inhabited by mercers and linen drapers. 84 Plate No. Lasy its LXVIII. tod Bs LXX. LONDON TRADESMEN’S CARDS NIGHTMEN Wittram Woopwarp, 1 Marylebone Passage, Wells Street, Oxford Market. (Size 72” x 6”.) In the Victoria and Albert Museum. Oxford Market was demolished in 1880; the site is now occupied by Oxford Mansions. Joun Hunr in Goswell Street, near Mount Mill. (Size 7" x58") Mount Mill in Goswell Street (now Goswell Road) was on the east side, opposite Compton Street. PAPERSTAINER James WHEELEY ‘opposite the Church in Little Britain.’ (OIZe"O BCT.) In the Banks Collection. The costume here indicates 1760 to 1770. Little Britain, in early days “‘Brettone Strete.’ Stow derives the name ‘of the Dukes of Brittany lodging there.’ PAPERSTAINER AND ENGRAVER Marts. Dariy “Ast the Acorn facing Hungerford, Strand.’ (Size 10” x 72".) | Matt. Darly inv. & sculpt. In the Banks Colledtion, dated 1791. M. Darly was a well-known caricaturist, engraver and printseller. A large number of the plates for Chippendale’s The Gentleman and Cabinet-makers’ Direttor (1754-1762) wete engraved by him. Charing Cross Station stands on the site of Hungerford Market. Plate No. DESCRIPTION OF PLATES 85 PAWNBROKER LXXI. JoHN FLupeE, No. 2 Grace Church Street. LX XII. LXXIV. LXXV. Delegal sculpt. From Mr. E. E. Newton’s Colleétion. In Norden’s Map of London, Gracechurch Street is marked ‘Gratious Street.’ Stow terms it ‘Grasse Street.’ PERFUMER . RICHARD WARREN ‘at the Golden Fleece in Maty-le-Bonne Street, Golden Square & fronting Wood Street, Cheapside.” (Size 62" x 8$".) New Complete Guide, 1777, gives Warren at Marylebone street. London Direttory, 1784, places him at No. 5 Marylebone Street, and also at No. 41 Cheapside. Marylebone Street (see description, Plate XLVIII). PERUKE MAKERS WILLIAM JOHNSON in Castle Alley, Royal Exchange. Engraved by Grayhur. Castle Alley now Castle Court. (Size 7” x 52”.) Costume 1750 circa. THomAs GrpBons ‘at the Blew and White Peruke in Rosemary Lane.’ (Size 54” x 4}".) Rosemary Lane—now Rev Mint Street, formerly Hog Lane; here was a notorious mart for old clothes called the Rag Fair. PEWTERERS THos. SCATTERGOOD ‘at the Blackmoors Head near the South Sea House in Bishopsgate Street.’ (Size 42” X32") South Sea House, built for the famous company in 1711 —now the home of ‘The Baltic.’ Thomas Scattergood was Warden of the Pewterers’ Company in 1733; his ‘touch’ or mark was Two 86 Plate No. LXX VI. LXXVII. LXXVIII. LXXIX. LONDON TRADESMEN’S CARDS PEWTERERS (contd.) Hands with Hammers and a Rose. His son, Thomas Scattergood, was Warden 1770 and 1773, and Master in 1774 and 1775. Blackmoor’s Head (see description notes to Plate LVI). Joun Kenrick, near Cherry Garden Stairs, Rotherhithe. (Size 62” x 42”.) In the Victoria and Albert Museum. . John Kenrick was Renter Warden of the Pewterers’ Company in 1754. His ‘touch’ was a Stork. PIN-MAKERS GeEorGE WorRALL, THO. WEAVER, JN. WOODWARD, and JN. JEFFERIS, dated 1756. (Size 64” x 4”.) The Arms ate those of the Pinners’ and Needlers’ Company. Pennant says ‘most of the houses on London Bridge were tenanted.by Pin-makers. The houses were removed in 1761.’ Most of them wete demolished before that date—one tenement, that leased to Mary Russell and let to John Evans at the ‘South East End,’ stood until Lady Day, 1762. Until the erection of Westminster Bridge in 1750, this was the only bridge over the Thames at London. PRINTSELLER DorotHy MercrEr ‘at the Golden Ball in Windmill Street, Golden Square.’ (Size 10” x 6”.) In the Banks Collection, dated 1781. The costumes are those of 1750-1760. QUACK ; Dr. JAmes’s Powpers ‘sold only by J. Newbery, a the Bible and Sun in St. Paul’s Churchyard.’ (Size LO2 x 1oe) T. Kitchin sculpt. In the Banks Collection, dated 1782. Bible and Sun, No. 65 St. Paul’s Churchyard, was occupied in 1757-1775 by John Newbery, Publisher. Plate No. LXXX. xX Xi: LXXXIIa. LXXXIIs. DESCRIPTION OF PLATES 87 QUACK (contd.) — “Here Johnson sold the Vzcar of Wakefield for 60 guineas for Oliver Goldsmith. . . . Newbery appears from old advertisements to have done a large business in patent medicines. ... The site is now occupied by The Religious Tract Society.’ (Hilton Price’s ‘Signs of Old London,’ in London Topographical Records, Vol. IIL.) John Newbery was the pioneer publisher of special books for children. RAZOR MAKERS HENRY PatreN ‘at the Saw and Crown in Middle Row, Holborn.’ E. Warner sculpt. (Size 74” x 6”.) Middle Row (see notes on Plate LVII). JAMES BERNARDEAU “at the Piffol and L. in Russell Coutt, Druty Lane.’ Russell Court was a foot passage from Drury Lane to Catherine Street. An initial was often introduced into cutlers’ signs (see p. 16). The description is repeated in French. SCALE MAKERS JouN Picarp ‘at ye Hand and Scales the corner of Maiden Lane in Wood Street.’ (Size 34” x 2}”.) John Picard is known to have been in business at this house in 1726. Tim'y. Roperts ‘at the Hand and Scales next ye Corner of Queen Street in Watling Street.’ (Size 22” x 12”.) Queen Street was made just after the Great Fire to give a direct route from the Guildhall down to the river. This card is interesting, as it gives the gold coinage of James I, together with the foreign gold pieces in currency. 88 Plate No. LXXXIII. LXXXIV. LXXXV. LXXXVI. LXXXVIL. LONDON TRADESMEN’S CARDS SEDAN CHAIR MAKER W. INsLey in Marylebone Street, St. James’s. In the Banks Collection, dated 1780. (Size 5” x 34”.) Sedan Chairs were introduced into England by the Duke of Buckingham in the reign of Charles I. SCHOOLMISTRESS Mrs. MASQUERIER’S, Church Lane, Kensington. In the Banks Collection, dated 1782. (Size 54” x7".) SHIP BROKER WILLIAM Lem, Exchange Alley. T. Kirk, sculpt. In the Franks Collection. (Size 7?” x 6}”.) Thomas Kirk, painter and engraver, exhibited at the R.A., 1785-1796. SHOEMAKER JoHn SNowpon ‘at the Angel and Three Shoes in Cran- bourn Alley.’ (Size 6” x 4”.) Cranbourne Alley or Street was a paved footway from Castle Street to Leicester Square; it was famous for its milliners’ shops. On the back of this card is noted, ‘The Bootmaket’s Bill for a Paire of Boots for the Boy fo. 12. 6.’ Dated 1764. STATIONER DANIEL RicHarps ‘at St. Andrews Church, Holborn.’ (Size 5$" x 4".) St. Andrew’s on Holborn Hill (see p. 27). Daniel Richards born 1715, died 1802. ‘Father of the Parish of St. Andrews. Kept a stationer’s Plate No. LXXX VIII. LXXXIX. 2 & DESCRIPTION OF PLATES 89 STATIONER (contd.) shop for 60 years. Senior member of the Court of Assistants of the Stationers’ Company.’—(Timperly’s Printers’ Manual.) He also issued another and rather later card, a simply lettered announcement enclosed in a ‘Chippendale’ frame. SURGEON CHARLES PETER, St. Martin’s Lane. Ant. Schoonian pinxt. Jos. Nutting sculpt., dated 1705. (Size Bh" x52") Engraved British Portraits mentions this plate: “Charles Peter Surgeon and Empiric b. 1648’ Hodgkin reproduces this card in his Rariora. Anthonie Schoonjans, b. 1650, d. 1726. Joseph Nutting, famous engraver of portraits. TALLOW CHANDLER THomas Payne ‘in St. Ann’s Lane near Aldersgate.’ (ize. 6° x 4°.) Stent fecit. Displays the Arms of the Tallow Chandlers’ Company. In St. Ann’s Lane, now Gresham Street, stood the church of St. Ann-in-the-Willows, destroyed in the Great Fire and rebuilt by Sir Christopher Wren. TEA DEALER Rosert Foca ‘at the China Jarr in New Bond Street.’ (Size 44" x 34”.) TINMAN . Ropert Howarp ‘at the Wheatsheaf and Trumpet, Sraith- field Bars.’ (Size 64” x 5”.) This was the great grandfather of J. E. Hodgkin, collector and author of Rariora. 90 LONDON TRADESMEN’S CARDS Plate No. TRUNK MAKERS XCII. Samuet Forsatrtu ‘at Industry and Indolence in Long Acte.’ Willm. Clark, sculpt. (Size 72” x 6”.) XCIII. JoHN CLEMENTS, ‘the corner of St. Pauls next Cheapside.’ (Size 72” x 6”.) Bill on back dated 1762. Hilton Price’s Signs of Cheapside gives Bucket and Truck. No. 7 Cheapside, corner of St. Paul’s Church- yard, occupied by Bundy. Portmanteau, leather fire buckets, hose truck makers. Probable date 1760. TRUSS MAKER XCIV. JOHN RICHARDSON ‘at the Golden Key, Prescot Street, Goodmans Fields.’ (Size 52” x 34".) Hatton, in 1708, speaking of Prescott Street, said: © “Instead of Signs the houses here are distinguished by numbers as the Staircases in the Inns of Court and Chancery.’ This street is usually considered to be the first one in which numbering of houses was adopted. On the back is a bill dated 1748, under which is written, ‘Tf it Does not fitt please Return it and I will alter it or Change it.’ TURNER XCV. Exrz. BARTON Stent ‘at the Turners Arms in Little Britain.’ (Size 62” x 32”.) Little Britain (see note to Plate LXIX). UNDERTAKERS XCVI. GrorGE SMITHSON ‘opposite ¢he Bu//and Gate, Holbourn,’ dated 1740. (Size 64” x 5”.) ‘Bull and Gate,’ a corruption of Boulogne Gate, one of the gates of Calais. Plate No. XCVII. Cy iit, ACIX, DESCRIPTION OF PLATES gl UNDERTAKERS (contd.) RoBERT GREEN ‘at the Four Coffins, St. Margaret’s Hill, Southwark,’ dated 1752. (Size 8” x 64”.) The same engraving is found on the card of George Page, undertaker, at the same address. UPHOLSTERERS James Ropwe.u ‘at the Royal Bed and Star, faceing Bedlam Walk in Moorfields.’ (Size 84” x 6”.) The ‘Walk’ alongside the Bethlehem Hospital was a fashionable promenade in the early half of the eighteenth century. Rosert Lice ‘at the Sign of ye Leg’ in Holborn. (Size 72" ‘<< Go) M. Darly sculpt. (see note to Plate LXX). Occasion was often taken to use a rebus in Trades- men’s signs, cards, and tokens. (See Larwood and Hotten, p. 469 e¢ seq.) WOOLLEN DRAPERS PETER HopcGson ‘at the Wool Pack in Grace Church Street.’ (Size Gt’ x 5}’.) Gracechutch Street (see note to Plate LX-XI). . Rricup. Fawson ‘at the Golden Fleece, St. Paul’s Church- yard.’ (Size 72” x 6”.) T. Kirk sculpt. (see note to Plate LXXXYV). goats IN ITP Ky “Ss \ ’ eee a) Sher Vill®O Dye , ed Bag ehtien en poaerstash t ») wee ; 2 Wt the: Mb br, Sone A Fis ff OARS A Y y SS SY ; near the Cha, Yolerh hous 0nd. Citule i (lurch Y tard. aS: : LB fon eh rae ea = ee ( \— SP) Og ee ‘ontdans Q: (oa : A we * we ai) ) Ae Ms Booka all Liny UadCS i o Faull me iY te % bles, Common. aye yer KIhool-bookas \\i i i _— 2B all Sorts: Whole sale ort heelale Dam ans) | { S Periodical Publications ofall kinds . > arr “ Lay Cardo, Pocket Cites of then nent -y i] 7 I< cod fashion, Slutionary Mi aM sors ofall Sorts, ¢ Prove | Wg Se + AZ. Aicady © Mone yy or diay Lebrary/ % WW fr WAN or Pare ell - “haliona> of Books = ny ; BHOMAS “PrcKEr a). Brahier ,/. CALE hice. e LO IM" Hancock Pall Mall) Cc liwes atthes: “gre. SY i rym oy Pea eee C ompton S treet Yy Oi OPTLEr Frith Stree tL Nat Sorts of Brat opper oy Opes 72S 0Uuf holley Sey: | James Potter, Leather -Breeches Maker. At the Sign of the Boot and Breeches, within Three Doors of Aldgate, on the Left Hand Side of the Way, in Shoemaker-Row. gee Aketh and Selleth all Sorts of _Leather-Breeches, by Whole- fale and Retail, at Reafonable Rates. Likewifle Buck and Doe Skins and all Sorts of Leather for Breeches. | Printed at the Old Kathering- Wheel without Bithop(garc. | SE go SSD Bn eo % f ( Gla SS \ NE ; i TI SS La Sgt: 3) Bihan He D the Oldest Orie inal a a aker te ERD (eins! a7 4 pee alte / Tlemov dfrom Y Dit hye gored fa yl unr eou) NB.Who has the Honour to Serve a [yas See) royal Sanily Thay tS uses me 4 0 tain AS ¥ a. ris pa 1A = gigs nahpoe ae a Guns, v. a, C? boyy. c ik oe van UU = oe fod Char oy Gey: Os he. CI é Hh j Fy A = ~~ DW PNAVES = ATC. Cabinet Makerand Upholdi terer, ae Ler eae ee Vil AT THE ; Dee lovertl haiis 5 Wilhaat Troe \ the Eaft Side of S\7zza/$ Church Yard,near the Shoot... ) Mhes and fallyallsart of the best most fashinable_ar Chis atherCoverd Wlattedor Cant Ltewree all Torts of | — Cbinet Mork, mith A farnees Vcr by Chimney Glafoes, Matoyany | and ather Salles: Blenals or Winders mau Sy Carusly Sunt on Canvas, tlh, abe: Wheres good Chute, > bast praunted ofanysehonden none aroyted ). ODO >. MV Upholsters work o al Forts neat ky fer. cS s e ) Vill SEA terest a setae eS | ar ey Buck ime! uingaty de ighno fhe Gallic} Pinter i IN Hounsditch | rints i oe Galbicoes oincin oSilkes odstuste 65 Wen or Ouéd ae Qeasoelle Ro TaCeGeRSsSBaceases™ Ca ODE co peg euceusove =PUSUROnBas see. eaers 4 tere eee = e jaaeerewsverevaas esse oy Ys . 4 Pot an hii geen nal — : Lf} “ath Se NE My / ii ri i : PTOI Y AITO a, SSS. eas Proeettattteey porto terri tah me - patil ‘s ee weit i aN : SELEPPHD 1 bat bh) al EE Dry oN RS * QOL ATTN Reed and UNDERTAKER. ' Nk Carperters Arms prea} oped Ger near Temple Barr, LONDON. = UL Ty Wa anes eg COTO SAT . es MeV. MM sorts of Moves aching Casesmailiy ter - EL “4 ee - . SE win ZaZZEEZAZZZLA: lait gh : ZF: RD ‘ a (le Fecl XI Ss Ba V/A 2 Ne) i i » \ COV GE AIPCAL COL, tz. CHIMNEY-SWEEPER to their hoyalltighingfis lhe LDuhes Sf if _-GLoUCESTER and CUMBERLAND. ; if at the ColdenBroomulhe Lop Sf Orofienor: Mews near i Berkley sS. Gare. Coliny wtslias Chimrcy DS ny q gm VIER O78 | (0 fCot aced Cleatus Copypera and We Hi Smuouk Sachs, lierid Sinvaliing Chitmevricite toe y/ OWE OT Court free Cur 10 Sey) ES ly Mitel lentwr lo iuatnefe Mims eye f teyferina PE SS. ane ky Pw DO eee wlrtvsatl care and apedilicn 5 — 4 a arg ——— igaina { & 1 ale) tl XI] “ Ha ~ 4 ' ‘ « . . : ‘ : aie ’ ‘ i ) . ‘ i toe z M ‘ . se 1 4 ‘ > ) . * ‘é val ] ” : . ‘ \ ' Gy 7x 7 1 te » - LS 3 hy j 4 i go y : » d ANG; C= ° he py eis, aless ' (® \ face | © Sell all Sorts ects Cult and? Wy. jj j ‘ tig He ) HAM 1 i re | . . ! i ae) ee SS eae}, FF. oe. ee rai . iss. © Se . i Mis \\ See \ \ =. \ ‘ m ' Z > ZZ | 4 = = | | ' f i| uid OB ERRY at the Sh Hen & Crorne uunoer J, Dunflans Ourch mn SlLCCLS, aie iA (OL Selfeth i A, MU sorts ofFineLeather Cloggs fine Lea x A -therPrttens Corke Cloggs for a0 ver all N) Jords of Cle 995 fo r Gentlemen andall i other Sorts of | Cloggs ano Rattenslehewuse all Sorts r of Leather Cloggs or Children t Jol by whole Sate or Relate ~6) 4 SSS Si} i ate XV > A a ISAS 4 en een NOES C See & 7 Z EiF, Vs Fax w 4 —. aon = ras 6 Pw &) aah) ~ a) Y. \.. . ’ 9) 4 a a eg Cy) or, SA 44 = kes beat is a PPE a ee ee OS TREES : Sots —-— —-——— --__— oa — — SA t Seer ! ) Mens and Boys : =] Bs SH cy sot Jet Cloaths Ready ae Mad | af ; S| H = Mi DoD a Kk Ot osteo ok OOo Tao) 1 4 > , lg A S9/ @ \S I3\0F oe SP IX 29 JQ \ C32 LAS : TAS RNAS es, pam DG Aas = WO: Dene G ba OOS, S/N OTE SIRO TS \ (OO Of 2 hj oO? i >] 24s BF o L& ‘eal GG At the Lamb and Star the 2° Shop in Hound{ditch Faceing Aldgate Church oe LONDON. =. Sl all Sorts of Mens und Beyslloath Si adily WailecLi tones Colles, Drugets Yeti Se Chipeta er. Duroys Ss teities, Shigys Dire Lys ail Thalloor nel Ye Mens toying: Oittns any ans, Cloth Crates Jilin Hoods, Hedeng Halil Quilted loalaHivgp-Lelticaats m haleaas (oats ax Likerrase Stefi laadiitlalle | MULPLOD, Damiasts Porm Criqpres fourdets KC ny] ce Wholesale & Veta at licanmate hates eee bm XVI cs at the eSigno of th a J ip Snes faker Sell alton MeksB asses he caf eis Be Lisle | roa i er | ale eae Goth hich x Bian Sfany Versort have ay LoDiisfeose oh keaselosernd to pe v rete inaet Vaio i ri Chat XVII 7 the Old Collier and Cart,. at Fleet-Ditch, zear Hol- born-Bridge, Are good Coals, Deals, Wain{cote and Beach, &c. fold at reafonable Rates, by John Edwards, XVill ‘ade oe ee he) oe =~ ara oe : SD pak ee I f Cos ae UR MAN 2 | eet Suviifier 2 je ae ww A “Sebi re Sic Litilireg At the WuHitE HART in in L Lowo-Acnz:) | IWS odor / jj I Lie oR at] of fine CbouwBbC ae ON ) Ha fff f Sign a Clothes fle rele fine Fools and ~falletts; Zi 4 ater Colour i fercpared in the weatest manner ™ 2 CUI0 Wakes all sorts of Crayons ta the bes S 4 Ch hed hie wrecthods. Likewite, Sines cleans anadZ og y - Meenas He turca and hay cuery Crticle thatisuseo x *y) if ; at Painting or Drawing. OWE HG OMS OPTS of Colors SOs for. Howse cS Ginting ff \\\\ at the | Loweft Rates —— y. H}, N \ (AB: Healings , jene Varnesh fer pecrly Ag ee ral : . 4 Can Pec lurve Varnish, so uch iy Lif Nec Zy Qi, rou, “of by Geretlereen Jor pls j VI, al Sess “Mati ying Pictures oP de XIX XX ay ureuiipy, 7 a : ail tags. popyy ; why 79: 0 IND UlY YP La OY ¥ Yh 2 Cpr ypvoljyradny, ) : nhyririun ia-avbny 4 Gurus priv ruefn aaynys fo MYO a CF PUOOURN TT Pug, 9 Wpown Ts riyOVr 2 ‘uf POAMM hig Lied tad aly S ‘Bi, BS; CLP JHU UD UY D 2 LEG! PALO GA) (serenh S Ao I : PUT \ = ee ee hse cial ore” LICE Piss 5 ~ 7) = 1 \S . f \ ad : ~ ; | ea : J | ti : 7 , \ ai 4 Uy | Hy CMs - aa . \ ‘f ? er, ' 4 . g ‘ | es ‘ AS my 4 A J y y Te f f , Z 7 ue eo re . “i z an Z ac "t = : | \ . vy 5 - : — \ % Bf! ; Lee \ a» $4 . "u% —— = —’\YN 7 if : , ‘ : h 7? ie — ea ‘ — x «a OS ¥ G | } oS 2 : ‘i SSD; 5" Ki A) by f : . AR: ==, , N k \ ~. = GS : \ { y vied ‘ e 3 3 ; : fr LD a ae : , : ¥ } $ = > é = = : \ : fe a —~ SS . Xe A : : : > al a = ; ( ° f } nha 4 q ae SS XXI + sun Septwny ee pekierom IIXX heed (2 moying hans fo EE roofles 7 ORD pry Pega) oe P2ypey, Waza y jo yooyye of 1 Apue Prg,eprepeed hup » po wry ayia moy SE ‘fy 2 pe pou han hypedp prun Aapyen Fe ORE Pe “Maca 7799 ff pps » PPOs IY] ter poe voofeag fo OP YD’ hPa as sy yy PPA, BIT sr & i] os yftae “nin > Apo ary wo HY es ue WM hy POU MMO ~ UH 4 WY + PEPE: a iA buh él 3 ae: +t °C5 Vifiileg, ¥ / y; + haa dit had -) ———— ‘saspaq opesonbyeyr 2 — } ca : a AIYYO [PUY AA IPED. F DUMAM PA OYA ‘allay Wt? Ts 0 re eproenyg fa quauipoys bhp heen y é ; MO 749m 5 (G-zZ he CHS) 9 Eo eid ‘Wapiesy juakO) J294§ YOoyravy, ur PSHOGUI { -LUJYPY SUOS YIU sain” ey Pie = Weg | ee f | Hummus in SO a e Piazza Covent-Garden | | th aDPack =o ee = ee. fo tS ¥ me P - oN P 5 : a Oo ee = ees bt Oe/ ior gae — ea i NaN HL Ti \ \iHM c 7 os : Ce ' if h fa J y Z ie. Sweating, Bathing, and Cupping, be tlic: t great Care KPr roper Ueendatiee >. @B» Gentlemen orLadses wh DCearen be 2 | | E Vises at ther cnn nin Heiees as | 4 A There is lik Me i} » Y ~~ Bay. ; Lupil ae the ae Mi Rae Wf Surgeon Dentift to His Majefty, At N\ ad Les Ropal Lh ognngs I the Prince of Wales. XXVI a Lublijtit May wggnhy P Sarnithy Jun! SiGrorges Rew XXVII Iohn Wid blood at the Rainbow x 3 pidgons re (Sle ments Lane. In Lombard Street Léndon who Married) the Widdow Harrinton Silk D XXVIIl <; x) Cry Sip hfe 3 x. 5 reed pip CS c pi DAL EL eee > Ra a eee An Copper ates, 7 — > By W.’and Cluer Dicey: FN aia Gow no ey > iff, PRANMES O, AusnefiL) unteilith the SOT} Dr ; ae on XXIX_ ws B,, ‘st fu . ay bat. si he ee - XXX PEFPACALEORGSOPRARU AAT ADEA LES? a Fahy W NVCINE MAKER) YMeih gens ocWatermg ey 1 Where Veoblormere tyenelemenla ae other 7" H 7 \\ beatipppilyd eather Home Cond. {) E ee tationupon the most Reads — and grealeft Expediton. ( sibrsachien oe eae onibe, : XXXI are) *. ¥ 7 | , | ie Co " —t oe Pp . 4 lien L a x af x . 7 i 2 a ; \ . ae 4 i? a 4, a é a wen — : 4 + “Ts ip ae ga ee : E * i a Sell Se * = 4 . 2 —.) = : PA, a ae - - ee € A 4 - * wv ‘ «See eS ar ae eee irl eS : : eres <4 . , : : : : =) oe - ? 4 i Pina f a - a) y - - = ¥ = ~~, ae ) i” i en a i a - —" _ wee. oo - ers — Ww a, ww —~¥ hy i _ YIXXX TL pHisainee etree oo: SITS eae" aN cal r di @® ® © ei, it BP sons, evi cava’ S Oh Wok aL Pes LO 7 path ¢ rk My aa Be “Aes Lg PMH 2 D> [bee Fa Xe q => TeV mV Ea pe sla ad 8 Sept: DP WA ra te YMANT ‘oA toy » Be 7s : e & La ; ie 4 Nt see uompenpur; ory Bo , SS ee a FRAME-MAKER and = GILDER,in Round Court & # in S‘Martin’s le Grand & | Makes bs Sells all Sorts of Caro Black Frames for Laird, a Bt Or Krents, Athewye Old Gilg Wee as Mlen-Silverd. full “nto lhe. bt 194 PLAN by ded | Sta Ny qa” Net HENHANH LAR ORC Le RP ete aed re = =e CS st bith, Ay A i i HiT Cont A 3 - PF Wy) XXXII] Ve ‘ill al Hi H it ipeent PT 7 Mae Feeg ters he eke Be 9 Coop tetuy> vd Mary y &Ann Hogarth from from Bs gu Scipio a the corner of the cystlerd, Removed Long lo v7K ceil toy ttle Dritain - gi air Srnsjerp OM) a “of bestemoft Farhi Reni, Wale Frocks gles of Puf lian, Fitton ‘fall pes pain rhe CONVAA LVOCIIS be. CC Dra, pry, cet Fichens, Hotlandy whele | white best rypt.Planels on y prece esse os ale or Retale, at Reatinabie Rates. YP XXXTV ———— Sane Oe nO tO SssSs AM Lreland Jfeutp 5 a \ ee ae ew ae eo jS—-SS==5 —-—---—-— | ee ptt | ae VRC AS ee ; See =--SRgeeeeeeeeeeeeee_ eee —--_- ae / ig == SSS SSS lata s3 Me ee == baa ‘ PAYS) TE EE cla ; EOS eS BE a Se a a foe | | | | | ft | 1) Let J dteebenbetend 3 . if i . Bi} ce dOr ge Couléd (ia ic Ve. Aree 1 BiypOUKD "A, LE: Ke / FIELDS | del gne Cranbourn mle Y Ly; vee t i Utd LA FE aLEnfe1 LEICES THE R- Achiité Kk ¢ Sap Put dans IOVC Pa 2) \ Xo iN) OO“ === gel im treet, FIELDS I,K cD, ke Sells ald Peeng On y) Plate Jone ae Zz i -_ () 4 ] y i iy H ! i I iy fs { \ i Ht ir = ee Oe i i H HH = HE if il Cranbourn-S LEICES TER- GOLDSMITH, atthe GoldenAn eee | a I : BY wee | il HS hy i i Ht t Hane i! l HAIL — ) rH HEL San 4A Hin HHH YHA HG i a 47 XV XX OMe Meg kon OI a Mal ‘ OG oldlanith 7 Al THE Bo Boy 5 Corallin Getter Heanes ( re ON a. pany », ON5 > ~— WMukes all torts (mate Lope —<% © Gold and Silver: Q_@ » — At the moi Licasonable ated. XXXVI WORKING 560 LDSMITH po & Pearl MeO YD) 0 coe e Inn2WetteS i EQndon' ce yp aby lowest Prices, ale forts flags ge? | Stall Plate both wroUg voughe-s/ Wain, Tings andali iff = N\ i \W rnanner of Fervellers % 7h, aldo Sy i . \ ic i i | Bsn m { XXXVIl YER Mes \ | el Proce rine rey fase? " 22 Opin GSO. | | | AL oe. tt, oy eae Soa bg bes } Wh Ovals ‘Le, Sag 0 Weft “Sp eg er Cotoh,leapipiee IVES \ \ arid De fi € Finest Meee 6d ¢ BeMarch y Vis UeOCCUY ‘a. rt =\ Fine Sag Rum, ae Brandy, A Batavia Arrack neat as Imported A . “Cree DuparLaaves, VA ery “near 0 suit S ties inMarh Lane, 22 Rando 5 Se aaeian ae, ae mae nl? tneburch- ee) ens Gig Sa 1, Hartohorne cg Morell. ID ich b Conf echonar, ry Wares, : at the Jowelt Prices. .— SM ilte ey XXXIX g iS is NS 16h) comm oy fn UW UION piece “Uta e Vil} - Wes ae oa | Garden Re My Fin Uae oak: op tl, C1 Aes Srlt hf ta Murtshorntermibelly Starch, Stone dh wder £ Bluts whe Ze ah Lhe 4 Of Mion vod 5 aha Mares... a Mie ie ey Y/ a Pa AW pei and? Retail? £ A es Beye ae XL Carat PEARSO! a =F Warehoufe Sahn HABE DASHER, bia) i Paternt-Silh Ds... a) ) } Ay Pic fit k -€ i i a Calico Dy Bed owned... tnd all other Sorts (ireley ioa ra te ‘aaheiona purod. “ St 1RRDRSRASEE RAE TEDEY » war ibbella Lloyd Martha Williams & Ehzabeth Storey ati Maree Dinily loats, Helland Frocks Flannel Pett : Ter Clouling Hollands & lallioed, Indivk French Luling , Dimiys sawp dd figurd, best Bone & Cane Hoops, Sattin, | Leth tight colourd Cloth Cloaks, doubled cotourd Vedwots er ‘ au Sore , DB. Likewie Mikes ells allsores of kiling Drefies, Wilowes Weeds, Mend m j boruns & Bannyans Vents & XLU + - "le re i 4 Pra > Pn , - ae oy a aed — io 3 1a on... ee te - Coie Pi b Ma <= ws a Tunes R Rael , XLIl Vy ~~ Hy i} fy, iif | 3 fi, if a a tf} Sate: cz Mie ones 7 A Sigal the Black Boy. mad at) fb N\\ WZLL. Mp ot ie COP Mir ecl: ORD BE ? Peep. Re be ot HULBOURW ‘ See) XLIV if “HL = y~ ; err =i wall ldthuiirs ae IE Shomas Collyer Haberdasher of Halts aty Kings Armes Beaver in Lxchange Alley in Cornhill London. avy homas 5 Merchand (4a belter- aux Armes de Roy et Castor dais achange AMee dans (72h A LONDRES. Shomas Collyer Hoet Verkooper int. ere van Englande een Bever in de_ Exc 1ange Alley, in Cornhil l Lonp ON. XLV [VIX PID A PIHUOT DW MP? . a AN — TG = 2 TUL, wy erry Mbuv OGUUM ILIYER Sy cy ’ WY Z GJ LYLLLOPY LT SIPPY RYLOYSIOY tof” e , ea | OY PLELUY BY aN , : i a Ei Cj ge UF. OES KLE Lue LAL “antyfg IY Ge Hi : room G65 9 SUL y/ : Re rs SO € cs 5 sis SS LAS MW, he, as Br5507 filer git ade Bust Bonnetere ~ wet fa Majette SB Yc fa gies te ote a LE aN as aly Se Biz Oga) Bo OES Be oy mh = |} NPE, part LOC?” Se. haps edd ol ytion a CZ Keoyauan 2 ! | | forelas sorted de: Bas do oye: de laton hi Louratant bricobes i que fate acconetur,\ 7 W® Wy) Corrmne caudate ded feed a fates acmetier four Cette loa J cecloties dettoute apiece, \ ey Res aon worled le — OUP'SEM, Ge = gee iS, efeledoy VE ta veguer whygcapticlnt Ze Medd ted "7 XLVII 16 @. Mathematica) Se pe a > Philofop hical & Optical ais) Sastrnme nt 3) Sp Gee aid oes a y Hi the a — ~~ iy iP LZ AOU TENE , e lng PAt Sir "Haat Newtons’ Head. 1 iS eee (27 (es? ager : \Crr'James) Simons) \ }7 fener XLVIII MUN? OF aupately aed oas C A0CCOV Ut eA for Ah by) Bppilta “4 i SS 5 a at M* H OLT S, SB age TS _ Git. Wtire: : aly twollweTosa ny Lread part of the Strand abapfte- oppifite lo Fectter Change are Sold all ort of Malem Silly te Luftrmes, Sattins, Padefois, Velvets, Damalks, Teed Legon Mit) Gowers Liebe Sth yf 0s Y Juiced, Vin thce Treatle Balvrnts, Ad wt aback Mirek ouse Ws Sorts of Ub itt Nhe, lovee Copies (yl Meh, Athov ted, (apas, Virntetl, Lotognia Siutteidgts Sur SEIMEI pr Megalo (le et Nel Sitefp, = XLIX MAE i} Lf —— ae oT = if = — —<— ae =. a a t ! ¥ a sgl _ O/LL ! rowel feat ea ft 4 \ pie ‘lao i abily ie irthers tl \ mps, Lanthorns ¥ Irons ofall sorts Ki eee Keeps O/ervedis to Ligh Ab then \ " vee 2 Bi se yeperiser ra v _ AView of Francis Nobles Circulating Library. - ‘Large Circulating Library. ee Aw ways Lead tre Ki ng SUr vil, Cov nt Garden a eS are) ee ee 1) EES (> TD) eae “VEN & GS REA ee (Both English and Reus ———At Half a Guinea a Year, ~~ Pee Three Shilhinoee ‘Outer | eu O60, New Thode Bought as soon'agy Vicblish Lr te ern | NEM Ready Money for any Library or Parcel of Books,orBooks Exchangd. LI & oe ve ewe cs aS ATTN Cee LOM DON. Age 5 Sells al sorts eon Where all Merchants Dialogs hers pe Sma E hoe oa 0. 2 Gite foul, LI | LINNEN DRAPER, atthe Oud Wack Mey, ale} | At /oHN STEVENS Deceasa/ Alls alt Sorts of Mollaneds, Camby ichs, Mluslins,- SrithAinens, Dontas, Viinledh gD tryped Cottons S AUC A, od alduther sorls YtinnenDrapery Gout Wholefale & Retail at Reafonable Rates LIV LV LS = se ; | fF ie Bars at theBlack-Moors-Head, the j ; ) 0 Slreel, VA LVI ee) SS CONG lair ake ay A ve _“LINNEN D’RAP At the Dotpoin, OVEP: against Middle (how: Holborn Linnen D rapeny Lad OES SE Rated jes LVII ie ’ rete ’ MAN } lh if 7) Mil i ) De MIM’ Bat 7 - ts ‘ I, = “i = Vo) (Se Cla Te aty Turks-Head near Bow-Church,Cheapfide, LONDON. tls alddorts of Yenou-Lulehe S Cnyleste V lol Sacleias oy of all laloute Silly wierd or unmillerd, Viechedh ovate, Lamia kale Sorts pS hier deSilhy, Viuh Storencesx Crglotediltirad, Fgurd gayi Aulesti tregd.Dutiiapres Wailitd, Surtnela, by Ferstarnds Aihoriue eda capes hielf Aled, ted Cnglest Iurhey Wurdle, Cherry der? yd fy dix Sirg Doryars lla adores of blahdlbs for Hoods 3 Saurvis, Morvted LDameadshs, Foils Sufcr sine broad Camblels Calimancoes, liamllelees Black Siifaells fine lillimancoes Jor Filtycoals and Yurd ride__ Samemeyd or Nuff, Athervise hort Clowhs,§ Han leebs. Munlelets, 3 telvet Hoods ready matde.with all other Torts of / Mlercery Goo hilesale Lidal al Y loves TP0bs LVITt a, ; & TV, : Pa GRO esr tc Round C Gee Gera ot MNthe bore Vand LM ben Popes oge 2 « Hoe) Be Wr, SPuat~® Ge ariets ee 72 its and af Pw. eS a ae aa Catlins oc Figs oe tairae Mordas ce Patni tpléinD * Ducapes cS eecens| DP feed pe gee * send Serge du Sous Farnese other Shy Damadhe ee Fig? & Plam Yard wide N tuffs . 2 Nornith Craps of the most Hatha: ie io ~ Bombazeens & other Goods for > Mourmmg Laftngss & double Callimancoes for Shoemakers ‘ardinals, rtd bats. Bonnets. and Quilted Couty. Hlannels ke 4. G i) At the very loweft Rates. Ch ee Boras Sh, with all tort a Pel a Ses & IB (ua Nateteaitecd ay eae Pas ar LX Noriricts itt nb ore eats Bit; is 2p i oA pare i al rf thé Mall Yt —Y_ MERCER S, Ce at the dian Queen by the Cloifters, Weft Smithfield, T LON Mire Salo 70S Sf bitch Sameashs Provadid ies Tit ee Sa Sa Sitti, Pasi? Mavitiads,S hagrens, Sigel: gee hbd ae Alestrings Ditech, Gina ee nylibie Mtl, Sach vilits 300d, HO? ee fe IAfttd, Pans, SNlkdhiited lads d- Di iW rad Charro lanlles CANOES, Su 11 fie Hubbel wile (great Chott of. Ms Miss Of cvery Sort: Hats kounillocs &Linces se | fer Clergymen and Gentlemen of the Ain i. FINE CLOTHS AND DUFFINS, Cy Sinily ff Mantels Hoots, Aadys Ruling Habis eo a: ape Vokestting. Savas) Mens ows dha 2UaTtd > tilled d> Hoop Peitycoals, \\ Widows Weeds. es E.Nicklin, Removd from the Indian-Kine, Holborn. Whitehead “ll (fron M! Bey da) c-—o MERCER GNSS at the Golden Anchor LONDON. ____ LXT « a Lf 4 +, ee rages Se = dard. Sy ‘fee eae Uff: i? peAall tre Oy Porous eo’ at y-Indian ae (% Sasi oar Cates ee igesatlg ite tHolborn, 7 Sees OAD OND ‘Sells Variely Of UERCERY 6 GOODS Viz: Piduasor ya Luameadhs Dabs by wJaltire’ Ducapeslloneseens hutch b Value Wbiaretetitt dlr opt hit ULEITICIG giGenoasDitels ViluelaShary preci S ergeludso Ya oy ered Iristeddteoffe,l Utlo- Fy hebblovotw8i Inclehitesvino neg bere helix Norwich On pond Lapeer; BtackdlkiHeortoineasdlesdctiorrled er bleZ Weed pgs C nett eltatl, Callimancoed, lads and Ste Alfo Varie ie of Re ady-m aia eae s Viz! She PLL Aor, GyintlemnensMlonur, Cy YoUned Tele ed hoody, Wlarelel ers, Uda hing Hibs PFT: Quilted Coats and Ho ops =~ \ LXIil ee SS SSeS Ps - . te et ay =@: Cl i! — " — a re f << ee a ~ os ~~ oe << PE RE en SS = —————————— —_— | | eB ——_ “a : ., a é ns SEE se SW lien y Black Spread( SiS agle SG Shandores/ we $CCL WW) GABRIEL DOVCE aty Lamb &2 IA) S8lack Spread Cagle next door to the Golden Goate tn Plern» Round Court I) cz y Strand. Selleth ald Sorts of-—Ih ths Stuffs Plormich Crapes Cam= i, tls & att. sorts of Black Silks for | o005 & Scarves at Se LALV iS (0) i (3 SxS) 5 Cn ORE LA ae GP EER bey if Se Ht fi Uf | ny ) = 2 Z = ——wee ji ‘ip Py es or gp =< / | AX \ J ns PLLA: ef ON eaetaecapl fib pt jeegge saeg: eeanuiene === —— =e \ \ ats At NF 3p Sy adegreseva asenes agi Ee 9 wi acs = - rs —vooene SSeeaa SEOs reese, a : Ieswaentemeecss2 oe ,. yo | COM Mele Ip, Viti ton D1 Wl jOL _Faceing Hatton-Garden, Holborn. | ells all sorts Vif hah Wh be : aye Cafes Whe 05 bhi Ib fe | | | and Duca “Dt 245 [ilk Kilby Poy ) ae V/ (7:10. Dumuashy DE WLLL, “al gorse ee y/ be meee oe and Short ose eg is se ¥s a! at & Sa 4% S % S 3 > . ~ A= — 3 SN Vs (- ie ; (3 GER: NERS, &E ERDAGHERS Na CN a 5g Nort WS pele Charloitidiad sp tat erude ng TOON AIT te A é igh i ND) = a my ~~ ; ~ 2 4 jig SY 2 og ih - es " 7 a z : Wed 2 ‘ " \ ‘ 5. il ts ‘4 => dy LUD oni? a Me, ry &. 16 Wad E eet Bot ieee Eamves {cin peer moft Elegant Tafte’ DAD (ey nt LXVI ~L pre b SS Si SS Sn 2 9 9 PEP mys SL EY Mee wes ops aes eked AF ae Lg y. Z = Lee a ~ % a eet 7 WHE 1OMTMAN, SZ Be “oy! VD Ma bee Te et PL, A age. ~ Ope Welly Hreet. D laford ee ny ) a) toy ie tb Wie me dMepicait6 im ply. Sir omy TUN. si leheypots me Rothe par EE. Ag Vice’ Cr on Uhe Wor ta ° ie 7A Poy Ve. ln —— . =f~ ao 2 * os = 8 = J ! Pe \ Ae ) . bd sano rth \S¥ Wk \ > nufa ifctory fr Bs érHang ging Rintid or ie, (ror lippurtta CaleroW, ay | PAY MarrDar Lot \4 Ba Ong. VM ER, 5 Sl Yper Faainer:.| | | ee ee atthe Lowy tl ee Ah tela ‘Acorn flcing Hin gerfor rd STRAND, 1 \ Ole, DinnelsS tat? ip: LITUILEN, “i yf) ge atid g itil le 0 etherwithy), Lain y atari her \ 0 Mien tk OVC OY hinese Taste \ OP Dow? Cr COU | / eo Mong } } f Lifer rortateona, A \ eee \\ —Dasigue Yor ontlaens “et etd ances, y vy) (ie (Enpravi simanitsBanta > fe. Tickets, Coats ofl, A hs Pits Ban, Prontisfuccr—py | (SRopkeépers Bills &e c —s |l/f ! H Ie vealer Variety «Chespertiayy y) ~ at any other Hop atown4y cS LXX a nt AL, A ea Ay at, ee j Dies’ NES Rey a Ronen fey Mest te f { CO CA eae Oe PAWNBR OKER ond SHIVERS MITH GNA RAS Epoe: Ee Oi Ca ES ZL Money ot lige LACE, Us § aielao leering ey. wel Oftpuwore POD kb PY cw’ bf OS NB Goda, Denti from any Sart of f Y Count i ten Cle “ohll: Pe eee a0 athe: Mtmost Wale Le lent Merits a a LXXI a ‘ IXX] popups LLP PH Or yooh ONY FY PUD LY SSeS LPT YOUTH) poo) Gebel ee fk Oe WO | SSS e! Sues SIPSey Sop Byaodury < Spt boxy i port ait feng 4 oe samy viyp> pogg nung, te Lt ‘ay Tes Ze ein Bake ? hyp As me 1, YP 2494 of ‘Sie a) ») ie Va) eg ys A he CE Oe: Bigs. 7 SMB saes jr ral Nae ke Wil y+ If PDMY YZ? if ID) yru092 7a) a Mi Lain ESS oh BOLL: seus SOP Mommy quadyiqy’sSarqy snoaapzopy sop Suey $a TV. Gopues op MON ‘sTiods Awyeq ayouy, ¢ ajo Say eouaym todynym 23 ‘soumyaay aarye hy | — CO tang, i i es Corner Woe Wen el Mann COP” Sy al ee RP on? oe AVR eas sian 2 STM SSS SS LXXIlI Me _ Peruke aker, ae ‘ LONDON. Makes and Sell all LOVES rts of Porahes— Whotwale AB the bet POY Wp tdil Viva it LXXIV 1s ashes ay J ie i} j Lis os ly iy C ak 2 Sunes eae A OTOL © ME iad BER “Wee ~ 5 Firth Sea Nousel PIL ile Slr ecl LOY YAM meee BS LXXV NCUP Cherr y-Garden JS ia ‘, CEE re” recon ae cae es pot OTHE RHITH. .-~ poms \ ee Malia poerflne White sp) Pad (7) \))} : Later, J all other For ta a c oe pwler VAP CI OA CUPLOUS WUANTICK >. SS Where alle Merhuarls and Aer, YOR 3) WA be. fe ” yd Wholesale Or ieli ll dif CoP vat itiuoee a ae ates ay ll oe a LXXVI “ , ron apa ete oy ea LXXVII , Gsetee aca Or tin d Dio at DiafionseS SWik Catt the’ Golden Bal nS ie ; CON EEE L OFS : To LL all Sorts ff Lialian, Fa boosh nl Mariah pe SCBuys & Sells all Gi winner or Old Pints§ >> LY ya ee ey _Bunts, She: Mates AS Tap abse Ln hire md fd Wee 017 O nee ke Agta best 'B Bee Pencils lak & ime e (Chalke. — Variety of ours, and Oriol Haw LPenely, "The. Lut Saeck buloWer Seis FN Flower Pivces Jnl Water Colses Painted by her fel from th éLife. Lise tnd ee, Ladiangna wea opr bale anh are ag alld orks ip Wieoks Fina Lea ioe ner both Spores all Sexes &, plesh.Lutobe, “ aE: ane ohne Yllum fr ye Sgr Mutu Nelle SHotle Le apey Or. leg, Oe vnegs wth Dy erent tera ff Nebage Leper ua lye Sene ie iirown, Sli lues ae : LXXVUl Weiens bd } ’ ms ’ _ + i 1 ’ y : ¢ + ie y \) aS) . , ‘ a 1 +, z ; ; 2 F + , : ‘ rc ' iy 4 . } , * 4 ‘ \ + ° . . \ ‘ y - x I ' ie i - . . . * ‘ , = ( i ls ) | ai, age Cs on ames s. 7 Powder.for= ee EF 2H UV 2h Rs - = wyvdnd other. Inflammatory Diftempers ae, N: as ) Publifpit by Urrtae of 2 ee, SS \ ¥ psa Majeltys Noval Letters Patent; ) A | | WILL remove (as has been Raperieneass in many thoufand Cafes) any continual Acute Fever ina few Hours, though attended with Convulfions rahe Was ag 7] ws FO. AN ig HE Thete' het Powbens ae RS ate Sot al by J. ' J. NEWBERY, Rit ms The Bible saab Sun in St Paut Pauls Church Yard Or againft the No ots -Door ofthe Church, at 2. 6° Sib two Dofes with good Mowance # thofé who bup ; Le. By =| Dhartable Gis or to pA ee a \ eer ahah é ny t > PRP Wt cant them for ¥ Nitto Semis "(ter hessreell Greees LXXIX at the Saw and Crown, : in Middle R ow Holborn, Fe B. The above cyanea Shonen a —— 1 Ny ey ers } Samm il LXXX us ETT ts 54 2 8 Be oa oe Saeamb aw sae a as ame ses tae to et 68 a cso en ey é | Gaara PEAR Coutelee al Cnicigre Bit Listolédetlidans Pus LXXXI /} Voodd treet LXXXII Aanouynnencense-persostretianensryete tian: MUR ih LXXXIII 2 ayquuoyeas v' sayouRig Nu GAOGY att Tv WIV] 0} y. ajyup you op oy 2youy of, BF Wy wuonia, ttf OP UWiMs yf" eres ‘$ ETIHAD UML CIIPI7 F fd D 62 rae %: : LAFUMUITL Lp tt ? resin afi DD g* 14) TI ae hf ewegey ; oO sD ee ak eB VY. een, OF Ee fe ie > a Des a {STTALIOS PH ‘ fr 7 id bitiioff Z ype. fo 7) CYA f Ee t eZ be age y? ee ye 47 basic F?7. ss) bop’ nee (ND I Ss Ss 5 gavoge AIXXX'1 uonvINLYf Ig? puwr poonds: f2 YHuog SM eo 3 yap waprarnay @ Pr? eanuri ee ALD LOUY 1+ = nity ee olep MOU pt ee EG? 12 y foe BIO TY ef Eos hgudin 4 60, go ¢ ans gee: eee ye bes Reb VU & te? ) ) WA i GB fo Grae ) L7YY, Uy, fo { Wwf SATAN eae ~ SS ey Cy» i UU, “WU aL : Ss. ROR ® Bo, \ | a. OSes Ships or pusrls of: ti led by epi fea» NY or uivale ales ~L ety ee ‘uf (A AO Sf: negli so q Chery ¥ Clears Shu tos abbhe: Custom SBiicok \ Makes e pe Sh IS tances On 7 Mifes V 7 = rohanories Mastends pees Office in EXchange'Alley Loxpos-% % From, gen ee Morning Gf, ng ate S rrdhe Quen If. Onde nee (abhi House tH eer Md ID) } or at his OFFIC E nee } Mle, bepunctially.. .) 3 ae Me areal, LXXXV ‘ 4 . - t © A 4 ‘ . ; . = ‘ { * H fe a ie me 7 ‘~ - % “ . - 2 ge iv v on. FF » oe >. > O¢ ieee = 2 TI DCUT Lewcaster Feel, Apps SM yeegs oli he laste: : LXXXVI % =—— STATIONER CU CS ee Church Holborn | L OND ON. me ce SSS tole See Of all Sizes, for Merchants or Sradumen,Vi3. Mop Book, Chandlers ball other Htulnery Wires Whole : LXXXVII ” by \ oS 8 Sr artes Peter. Sur geon. Served King Charles y atin yDutch wirrs. sargeon | 7 y Jlorse guards to King James and Surgeon of thé Houshold to KingWilliam daily prepares Ats Cordial Tincture& Pills. whch have cured Shousands of y Collick,Stone,Gravell - Scurvie &Dropfey ezc.. Gives advice to theLuor as wellas ich ab Irs House wv StMartins-Lane ear Long-Acre. where he pathi~ lived betivecn 30 & 40 Years. Laus Deo.1705. itat. §7- — Ant: Schornia purr. Tos. Nu tteng Siudp LXXXVII ° >» y , / ; x SS, a Cc i eZ 2 \\i G4 (pw al) | iy! G4 i THO ry: \\" WA ae ; ESN Me m sn » NY GAZ eS 7 AN « Y Leg i =) Sane >A Naw =~ jhizz~ tpg fES-) SON (Gs es oN Ps}, (eg \\\2 Ma) . Whif % Sy a ZVUS } i} ip . ‘ NG Me Shomis Lyne Bo TALLOW (CHANDLERY 5p 5 teed at eh me, tie eth Oni. aes Mdng ate, Y a 01700170. oe aed pea MWWkes andbeDtbes whee Soros via Oe Fine Mould & StoreCandlés =. : thlgo thefinewund ucSpormeatliete limos NVbolyleand Real. cae | EP EN LXXXIX ~ , , ‘ 7 , ) 7 ¥ * ~ > € . & . ’ 7 } \ Ww ; are! i140 » ‘3 a at i f ¢ ; ' t 4 ‘ 3 7 aa. * < J . 7 » ‘ ‘ or ‘ r , “ie < * + x : i 9 ‘ ‘ i 3 ; + \ ae ~ “ * ian 2 ¢ fy 2 a ‘ = A x as yi ‘ ‘ 74 ), t “: . gn i4 it N N ! Ales + Ashe Cs ‘ LGNDO'X , Sells all sorts of Sune Hild, (Coffe e&C hovclite. Lhenisebhini ly lafsS:Sonelt fire XC ae Tin-plate- Sereless and Brazier, , lhe Wheutshea \i S Slararr THETELD BARS, L, Low: ON. pe BEA ! ‘ "] ie LILLE Cpe of Tin waned \e Cand PBranery Whotesate Lb aad: KI? > Me wriercbells Herbert Had Metal feustoM Wshes Y{Mates, Udehouse/ Poti bine WleaN j es Seay gl P ier. Occu oe YW hate q ih i nal ae gcFine Spermaceeti Oil. ce for Or XCI WR MAKE ies renticn > ALS tb ogra gtd : ne Spl | ST ortr , " m , . Git Za 4 | A 7 : 4 a, Bs |e aes Makes 9 STE fpeeellag tri a. Wits s saris I J i Sorts of Trunkmakers Goods. hes nilemen Merchanto and Sbopheqbers, axe Towne or Countyp, may be well fi, taf lead willy LA ‘othe, aching Lrunks, and Hair Gilt Ne > of Liunke for ration, ee, ) wi Fa amen AI XCIl ! t 1 i Crunk Saker. 14 ia yh S:Pauls, next Che aD LONDON. f{ Pep I, ah sors Y ls. of Can gh a fs Ly and Leidlhiep | Portman taatter Casgge fille agge] lalelinsenlcrniiyg ) WO Baa 3 XCIII i ay a . C s STEEL SPRING TRUSSES f LOND ON. = Pascal Meet BX and other Insprumenk 7 | help the Weak £Lame, at the Golden Ke XCIV F lat ay + ; \v wee 4 = r e459 + tap : ? ek : +: an ag Ae wot Mckee ay Le re Tie ena ys y ‘ J ae | ¥) ‘ * ‘7 bs p. a . ' " , (f A i i Mf ' { / j 7 a N ‘ * . he va , \ @ : ‘ i P = 1 4 F ‘ - : i i ‘ o ‘ « >» 7 s rr + . " Bim 4 wt % : ' . Pt » 4 iy aed ; : E a fi ‘ ; eee ? s ae ‘ \ * \ . - at ‘ F . ? 4 e i re { ,; i) } ey Lae LIRPST 077 We Little ioe Make be tell~. Dr mon Tibles ey as pee a Galle-mEv Dy oft men Of ¢ eo Orry Yster de Ru vali Di cl Le, fan Syren Cae Sy LY PV ER ADE Sifted, ji la fo SM tly. Gute Cur renin Siege Dheinbag tc Weed € ofes Joory tb Sin ge oy As ef olding-hnivis Ad rear Vie | ge SHUW ING. Jd. PLES at recsonable Putied . V (aes \ (Z"m Y Diener WW = = =-56 — = oS oad aN , 5 Oz, - \N o> Linnie Apprail fer, iN F unerals Perform'd. XCVI “Af 1 Denes ere PP a ' v ¥ ‘ , re , s ‘y VLE ibe ot Gen? re Ne Ok Nakenk. See " ai ‘UunCKaAAd, ok (‘ie ey, J Ge Ite» OM Biles VI is, TC Sed re 7 BW dates Ss 2 ae 4 os a iD; Phuce Pill, Hangings for or 7 SS Soe Hoe 70 WN , } i } fad hickes Pa ters Maa fhe eruldry, \ ¥ ( yi ned \\ it fi\\ A\ L y Ay WA oathons Li Uelr ‘cls, fire oth C oaks ke mulling LTeec Up Silk. Scarves, Ulamode &Sarsnelt Ha tabundItalean oe Ce: s AN Gety the. teceor Matt, and, black SewhileD: “avout, llolh M3lach™N “Or prey psay it KP be Lupeet DD: “Burying Crapren of alldorks. : Vind: ian A QuilledMallrices tee Ceol acid. i Yarn deat oe ‘Yloves Kidd ke Lal Dhee.Ss Ul Sorts of 1 1 ales x & M att 8} Handles ‘Yor Co ne intorafy Lead of Jon, Le hewwse/ Maly Ses, Shy, ee ined Shtouds of allie ready made cena Ae mer IM hae es aay bit uriitstut AT em Lhe most Cifiedigues : \* LW Manner, ore the Zh yy least Notice, GN yy ty ~ own ia ne LS : Fe a. 4 ¥ XCVII 1 ‘ ‘s,' s é ¥ a ¥ t ae ) ; 5 1 ‘Th ( of Ver road Sireet, faceing Badlam Math nMloorf elit, fp Stak reaaap ae PES loca erent Ve, sed manner fT ouschold Goods, Nem kl, ads Stand Sititake Heddin | heats of Lrawew, esh-dLook- Cases, BucweDeaths, Cure, ADming. raha Do Tabbeo, fi tn Mahogemy Walnutiree orViinsot/ Chaves of all Sorts, Seteek uewée Goedoteads, Aeonces, Per, Chimney LD: fa wey ie, ny Gla Kies , mith all other Sov of Uphotatery. Cabin k Sraizery Goode PO Sol Ae XCVIII so * TD, | : =) | Wop otter Aypra J pprasfer be | Oa, | ys; a Wd, Au ae 50a WOT) NWrect m Pes fee locks a) x G.. Q i 5 Solin —~ ' mh | WN Ln he late Eph x: “ A nn Ld. Bent Hed 4.9 bine. Piao st ae TO A CO XCIX g. [Sasa oF a we Wo Mer /?}. @ Sine Se. Nor lh ttle Op eS Vitls Curt Yor Cr pets A an 8 am) QO 1M D O Be, ) OO 8 2 8 A aes Polls é atl sorls of l/ollen eee eo a : ae Nelacl, al tie Lect “Prives, a >t ve Smiter ih Cl INDEX NOTE.—The reader should also consult the separate right-hand lists in Chapters IV and VI, pp. 22-25 and 38-62. The roman numerals (caps.) refer to the Plate numbers. Academies, 38, 39. Accoutrement maker, 39. Acorn, The, Hungerford Market, 84, LXX. Adam and Eve Court, Oxford Road, 57> 93. . Adam and Eve and fig-leaves, device of, 6o. Adams, mercer, 82, LX. Air mill makers, 36. Albemarle Street, 40. Aldersgate, 89. Aldgate, 68. Aldgate Church, 71. Anchor, Golden, 82, LXII. Anchor smith, 39. Andrew, St., effigy of, 20. Angel, emblem of St. Matthew, 20. Angel, The (Inn), Barkway, Herts., 65. Angel, The, Cambridge Street, Golden Squate, 65. Angel, The Golden, 49, 79, 9. 6b > QE Angel and Three Shoes, The, Cranbourne Alley, 88, LXXXVI. Angels, The Three, 78, XLII. Angler and Trout, The, Crooked Lane, 48. Animals, live, as shop signs, 79. Apothecary, 39. Appraiser, 52. Aquarellist, 39. Archery, teacher of, 40. Archill-maker, 39. Archimedes, effigy of, 21. Archite@ture, 26, VI, LI, LX X XVII. Architrave Frame, The, 48. Argles, Edward, mercer, 83, LXIII. Arm and Hammer (goldbeaters), 17. Arms and effigies, 18, 19. Arms painters, 9, 36. Artificial eye maker, 21, 39. Artist, 39. H 93 Artists, effigies of, 21. Ass and Foal, The, Marylebone Lane, 39, 73, &XV. Wood’s Close, 39. Asses’ milk, purveyor of, 39. Astrologers, 36. Attorney-at-Law, 39. Atwick, William, mercer, 27. Atwick and Son, metrcets, 27. Aveline, engraver, 37. Back maker, or cooper, 39. Backgammon-table maker, 39. Bagford Colle&tion, 11, 16, 69. Bagnio, see Baths. Baker, 22: Bakewell, Elizabeth, map and _print- seller, 57. Ball, The Golden, 47, 75, 86. Ballad mongers, 36. Band Box makets, 36. Banks Collection, British Museum, 16, 2» 26, 36, 67,079, Jlis isos wtae do: 81,84,865.88, Barbet’s pole, 17. Bard, 53. Barker, John, goldsmith, 65. Bartlett, James, druggist, 63. Bartolozzi, F., R.A., engraver, 37, 51; 74, X XVII. Bathing Machines, 39. Baths and Bathing, 11, 40, 44. Bear and Ragged Staff, The, Whitecross Street. Ar. . Beaufoy Collection of Tokens, 17. Beaver, Ye King’s Armes and, 79, XLV. Beaver and Star, The, Monmouth St., 50. Bed-joiner, 40. Bedlam Walk, Moorfields, 91, XCVIII. Beehive and Three Sugar Loaves, The, Wood Street, 77, XX XVIII. Beehive and Wax Chandler, 62. 94 LONDON TRADESMEN’S CARDS Bell Yard, Fleet Street, 48. Bellows maker, 40. Bentley, William, teacher of mathe- matics, 21. Berkeley Square, 43, 72, XX. Bernardeau, James, razor maker, 87, LXXXI. Berry, Thomas, clog maker, 71, XV. Best, John, cutler, 11. Bethlehem Hospital, 91. Bible, The, St. Paul’s Churchyard, 67, I. Bible and Sun, The, St. Paul’s Church- yard, 86, LX XIX. Bickerstaff, Thomas, cutler, 11. Bickham, engraver, 6, 37. Bill, mustard maker, 54. Birchin Lane, 57. Bird in Hand, The, 39. Bishopsgate Street, 85. Black, Boy and Hatt, The, High Holborn, 79, XLIV. Black Horse Alley, near Fleet Bridge, ii (illus.). Blackmoor’s Head, The, Bishopsgate, 85, LX XV; Fleet Street, 81, LVI. Black-Swan and Parrat, The, Cannon Street. 11: Blacking manufacturers, 3. Blackwell, William, chemist, 42. Blasius, St. (Blaze), 20, 51, 79, 80, XLVII. Bleeder, 45. Bleeder and Star, The, 45. Blew and White Peruke, The, Rosemary Lane, 85, LX XIV. Bloomfield, Robert, poet, and shoe- maker, 59. Blossoms Inn, The, Lawrence Lane, Cheapside, 20. Blyde, Charles, cabinet maker, 69, VII. Bombazine maker, 4o. Bonneau, friend of S. Ireland, 65. Bookseller, 9,10,13,20, 21, 22, 40,67, I, Il. Bookshops, 27, 28, 29 (illus.), 76. Boot and Breeches, The, Aldgate, 68, IV. Bootmaker, 4o, 68, 88. Boulogne Gate, 16, 90, XCVI. Bourne, Old, Holborn, 72. Bow and arrow maker, 4o. Bow Churchyard, 47, 48, 74, X XIX. Bowling Green, Old Street, 40. Bowman, Thomas, Peruquier, 56. Boxer, 11, 63. Boy and Corall, The, Gutter Lane, 77, XXXVI. Brailsford, John, cutler, 73, XXIV. Brainiff, Eleanor, bug destroyer, 41. Brass cannon maker, 41. Brazier, 19, 22, 41, 52, 68, III. Breeches makers, 22, 41, 68, IV. ‘ Brettone Strete’ (Little Britain), 84. Bricklayer, 41; brickmould maker, 41. Bride, engraver, 78. Bride Lane Court, 54. Bridge-foot, The, Southwark, 53. Bridge Street, Covent Garden, 61. Bridges, George, bug destroyer, 41. Bright-Smith, 41. Bristow, John, fire engine maker, 109, 48, 75, XXXII. British Museum, 36. See a/so Banks and Franks Collections. Broad Street, Golden Square, 46. Broadway, St. Giles’s, 50. Brokers (sworn), 60. Broom, The Golden, 70, XII. Brown, John, cabinet maker, 69, VIII. Browne, Marty and Richard, at The Three Angels, 78. Browne, William, fishing-tackle maker, ii (illus.), 48. Brunn, tobacconist, 60. Brush maker, 22. Bruton Street, 72. Bucket and Truck, Cheapside, go. Bucket (leather) maker, 53. Buckles (shoe), maker of, 41. Buckthorn Tree, Ye, Covent Garden, 42. Budge Row, 54. Bug destroyer, 41. Bull, emblem of St. Luke, 20. Bull, William, trumpet maker, 8 (illus.), 54. Bull and Bedpost, The, 16. INDEX 95 Bull and Gate, The, Holborn, oon Vil. Bull and Mouth, The, 16. Bull Head, The, Soho, 26. Bull Head Court, Newgate Street, 51. Bun House, 27, 41, 63, 68, V, VI. Bundy, trunk maker, go. Busick, Will., fishing-tackle maker, 48. Cabinet makers, 22, 41, 46, 69, VII, VIII. Calculators (lottery chances), 36. Calendrer, 41. Calico printer, 11, 42, 69, IX. Cambridge Street, Golden Squate, 65. Camden’s Head and City’s Armes, The, Royal Exchange, ro. Candlestick maker, 42. Cane merchant, 62. Canister and Three Sugar Loaves, The, Hatton Garden, 78, XL. Cannon Street, 11. Cannon maker (brass), 41. Canot, engraver, 37. Cardon, engraver, 37. Carpenter, 22, 70, X. Carpenters Arms, The,'Temple Bar, 7o, X. Carpenters’ Company, 19, 22, 7o. Cart, The Old Collier and, 71, XVIII. Carter; 56, Cartwright, Benjamin, goldsmith, 77, XXXVII. Carvers and gilders, 23. Casaltine, clothier, 19, 71, XVI. Case maker, 42. Castall Street, Trafalgar Square, 8 (illus.). Castle Alley and Castle Court, Royal Exchange, 85, LX XIII. Castle Street, Leicester Square, 88, LAs V 1, Catherine, Saint, and turners, 20. Catherine Street, Strand, 54. Chair and Tea Chest, The, Knaves Acte, 69, VII. Chandler, bookseller, 40. Chandlers,waxandtallow,62,LX X XIX. Change Alley, 79. H2 Chapman, J., land surveyor and en- gtaver, 66. Charles I, 60; costume, 30, 34. a and porter and dwarf, 51. Charles Street, Covent Garden, 20; Soho, 58. Charlotte, Queen, figure of, 83, LXVI. Cheapside, 20, 21, 54, 55, 56, 77, 82, Bos, e90,e tN LI SLAVS EX xT: XCIII. Chelsea, 27, 63, 68, 69, V, VI. Chelsea Buns, 68, V, VI. Ghemstai2nar5922 42. 7Osk I. Cherry Garden Stairs, Rotherhithe, 86, LXXVI. Cheshire, John, fishing-tackle maker, 48. Chimney sweep, viii (illus.), 36, 42, 70, XII. China and glass sellers, 70, XIII. China rivetter, 42, 43. China Jarr, The, 42, 89, XC. China Man and Tea Tree, The, 60. Chinese paper warehouse, 55. Ching’s lozenges, 20. Chippendale, Thomas, influence of, 12, 272.180. Chiropedal car makers, 36. Chiswell Street, Finsbury Square, 20, $15,795 75> 77> 80, 83, 88. French Horn and Violin, The, Fleet St., 54. Fribourg and Treyer, snuff dealers, 59. Fribourg, James, snuff dealer, 59. Frith Street, Soho, 27. Frock Shop, 48, 64, 76, XXXIV. Frying Pan, Ye, 41, 68, III. Fuhrlong, cabinet maker, 41. Furrier, 48. Southwark, 91 : Gaiter maker, 59; see also spatterdash maker. Gamble, Ellis, goldsmith, 49, 64, 76, XXXV. Garrick, Mrs., 2, 4. Garter, Order of the, 16. Gate, Bull and, 90. Gaucheron, Mathw., clockmaker, 71, XIV. Gaywood, portrait by, Io. Gedge, linen draper, 28. : George I, 18; arms of, 68; costume, 31, 35, 81. George II, arms of, 70; costume, 32, 35. George III, 20; arms of, 80; costume, 52535 George, Saint, 20. George Inn, West Smithfield, 77. George Yard, Lombard Street, 78, 79. George and Vulture Inn, Lombard St., 79. Gerard, John, garden of, Hatton Garden, 83. Gibbons, Thomas, peruke maker, 85, LXXIV. Gibbs, James, architedt, 83. Gilders, 23. Giles, hatter, 51. Gill and Johnson, hatters, 51. Girdler, 20. Glass blower’s furnace, 70. Glass painter and glass painting, 10. Glasshouse Street, 51. Glauber, head of, on chemists’ signs, ai) One Glenny, hosier, 52. Glover, 41, 68. Goldbeater, 17, 49. Golden Anchor, The, Strand, 82, LXII. Golden Angel, The, Cranbourne Street, 49, 64, 76, XXXV. Golden Ball, Ye, 66; Cranbourne Alley, 47, 64, 75; Windmill Street, 57, 86, LXXVIII. Golden Broom, The, Grosvenot Mews, gle pee. OL. Golden Cup, The, Litchfield Street, Soho, AO, 65, 67, Prone INDEX 99 Golden Dish, Paternoster Row, 56. Golden Fan and Crown, Ye, Tavistock Street, 64. Golden Fleece, The, Marylebone Street, Peo eet Xes LI: St. Paul’s Church- yard, 91, 91 (illus.), CI. Golden Hammer, The, 49. Golden Head, The, Panton St., 12, 70, XI. Golden Key, Prescott Street, 90, XCIV. Golden Lace Hat, The, Glasshouse St., 51. ; Golden Pole, The, Whitecross Street, 54. Golden Square, 46, 60, 65, 69, 85, 86. Golden Tobacco Roll, The, Panton St., 66. Goldsmith, Oliver, 87. Secismitn; 11, 20, 23, 49, 64, 65, Boe 77, tront., XX XV, XXXVI, XXXVII. Goldsmiths’ Company, arms of, 67. Goldsmiths’ shops, and Cheapside, 83. Goodman’s Fields, 15, 90. Gordon, fan maker, 64. Goss, C. W. F., collection of, 68. Goswell Street, 84, LX VIII. Gracechurch Street, 28, 85, 91, LX XI. Grand Hotel, Strand, 15, note. Grasse Street, see Gracechurch Street. Gratious Street, see Gracechurch St. Gray’s Inn Passage, 42. Grayhur, engraver, 85, LX XIII. Great Bell Alley, Coleman Street, 59. Great Bridge Street, Westminster, 82, Lox, Great Fire of London, 14, 87, 89; and Mark Lane, 78. Great Marlborough Street, 60. Great Newport Street, 56. Great Portland Street, 13, 76, XX XII. Great Prescott Street, 15. Great Pulteney Street, 60. Great Shere Lane, Temple Bar, 70. Great Turnstile, Holborn, 16. Greek Street, Soho, 27, 43. Green, Robert, undertaker, 91, XCVII. Gresham Street, 89. Gribelin, engraver, 37. Gridiron, emblem of St. Lawrence, 20. H3 Grocer, 24::49, 77, 78, 80, SX VIL, », 0.24 B.C e.4 ie Grosvenor Mews, Berkeley Square, 70. Grosvenor Row, Chelsea, 68. Guildhall Library, 75. Guilds, arms of, 19. Gunsmith, 24, 49, 50. Gunter, confectioner, 72. Gutter Lane, 77. Gyles, Henry, glass painter, ro. Haberdasher of hats, 38, 79. Haberdashets, 2, 20, 23, 50, 78, 79, XLI, XLII, XLII; origin of term, 79. Habit warehouse, 73, XXII. Hackney men, jo. Halberd, Ye, Princes Street, 11, 58. Hammer, as pewterer’s ‘touch,’ 86. Hammer, The Golden, 49. Hancock, engraver, 37. Hand family, the, and Royal Bun House, 63, 68, V. Hand and Bible, The, Chester, to. Hand and Penn, The, Russell Street, 79, XLII. Hand and Scales, The, Queen Street, Watling Street, 87, LX X XIIp; Maiden Lane, 87, LX X XIIa. Hand and Sheers, The, The Borough, 46. Harding, Robert, ironmonger, 52. Hardy, William, goldsmith, 49, 65. Harlequin and Pierrot, 44. Harmonisers of musical instruments, 36. Harness maker, 50. Harp Alley, Shoe Lane, 15. Harp and Crown, Ye, Cheapside, 54. Harp string maker, 50. Harp, teacher of, 53. Harrison, tobacconist, 66. Hart Street, Crutched Friars, 78. Hart, The White, 72. Harvey, bookseller, 4o. Hat, Bonnet and Stay, The, Fore Street, 50. Hat, The Golden Lace, 51. Hatt, The Black Boy and, 79. Platters 1752s) 30 SM et O maha e 705 X LEV LV. I0o Hatton Garden, 78, 83. Hatton House, gardens of, 83. Hautboy and 2 Flutes, The, Bride Lane Court, 54. Hawkes, Jeremiah, metcer, 4. Haymarket, 44, 49, 59, 65, 82, LX. Head, The Golden, 7o. Heads, on trade signs, 19, 21, 70, 80, 81, 02,183, 85, 01, hab eV Le LVI, LVI, LXVI,LXXV,LXXVII, LXXXVIII. Heal Colle&ion of Trade Cards, 67, forenote. Hedge Lane (Whitcomb Street), 80. Helmet Court, Strand, 54. Henley, John, mercer, 82. Flenry and ffrancis, The, 59. Herald and house painter, 51. Heraldry, 4, 10, 18. Herbal, Gerard’s, 83. Highlander, figure of, and tobacconists, ee High Street, St. Giles’s, 13, 67, II. Hodgkin, J. Eliot, collection of, 10; on trade cards, 37; Rariora, 11, 36, 703.7 35289: Hodgson, Peter, woollen draper, 91, C. Hog Lane (Royal Mint Street), 85. Hogarth, Mary and Ann (frock shop), 48, 64, 76, XXXIV. Hogarth, William, his trade card as engraver, 47, 75, XXX; trade cards by, 6, 11, 13, 27, 37, 49, 57, 63-66, 66 (illus.), 67, 68, 76, 80, Front., V, WI, XXX XXXIV ROY RR effigy of, 21; as sign-painter, 15, 66. Hogarth Head and Dial, The, Salisbury Cour 25. Holborn, viii (illus.), 9, 14, 16, 27, 42, 43, 72, 79, 81, 83, 87, 88, 90, POLLY see IV LS Cy cate oes LXXXVII, XCVI. Holborn Bridge, 71, XVIII. Holborn Viadu&, 27. Holt, Mrs., Italian warehouseman, 12, 19, 65, 80, XLIX. Honey warehouse, Piccadilly, 51. LONDON TRADESMEN’S CARDS Hoop maker, 51. Horse snuff-mill, 77, XX XVIII. Horwood’s plan of London, 78. Hose truck maker, go. Hosiers, 20, 24, 51) (§2,) gouemaday ee ALVIL Houndsditch, 69, 71, IX, XVI. House painter, 51. Houses, see numbering of. Howard, Robert, tinman, 89, XCI. Hoy, Richard, honey warehouse, 51. Hummums, The, Covent Garden, 73, 2. GENE Hungerford Market, Strand, 84, LXX. Hunt, John, nightman, 84, LX VIII. Huntley, S., linen draper, 28. Iles, Joel, oilman, 26, 81. Indian King, Holborn, 83, LXIII. Indian Queen, West Smithfield, 82, LXI. ¥ >» Old, Sai Indigo dealer, 52. ‘Industry and Indolence,’ Long Acte, 90, DADEP Ingrossers, 36. Initials used in trade signs, 16, 87, LPO. BS & Inns and innkeepers, 52, 65; and Stage- coaches, 28. Insley, W., Sedan chair maker, 88, LXXAUL Instrument maker, scientific, 24, 52, 53, 54, 80, XLVIII. Instrument maker, musical, 8 (illus.), 255535, $4- Insurance companies, badges of, 19, 75, XXXiI. Interior views of shops on trade cards, 27, 33 (illus.), Front., XXXIV, LU, LUI, LXIX; LXXVie Ireland, A. M., engraver, 64, 65, 76, 80, XXX Vy MEI Ireland, John, engraver, 11, 63, 64, 66. Ireland, Samuel, engraver, 49, 63, 64, 65, 753 76, 77, 80; eee eee Ireland, W. H., 63. Ironmongers, 17, 52, III. INDEX Italian watrehouseman, 12, 19sa5 2neG5, $0, XK EIX. Itinerant printseller, 52. Jackson’s Habit Warehouse, Tavistock pineet..73, x XII. James II, trade card of reign of, 11, 69, IX; and the King’s Bagnio, 11, 40; costume, 30, 34. James, Doéor, quack, 86, LX XIX. Japanner, 52. Jarr, The China, 89, XC. Jars, Three, and Two Flasks, 80. Javelin throwing, teacher of, 4o. Jefferis, pin-maker, 86, LX XVII. Jefferys, E., linen dtaper, 81, 82, LVII. Jeffreys, Corbould and, engravers, 67. Jermyn Street, 79, XLVI. Jessamine Tree, The, Go. Jeweller, 12, and see Goldsmith. John, Saint, the Eagle of, 20. Johnson, Herbert, hatter, 51. Johnson, Jno., musical instrument maker, 54. Johnson, William, peruke maker, 85, LXXIII. Jolly, Alexander, cutler, 44. Jolly Sailor, The, St. Giles’s, 71, XVII; Jones, James, dairyman, 39. Jukes, John, japanner, 52. Kenrick, John, pewterer, 86, LX XVI. Kensington, Boarding School at, 88, LXXXIV. Kettle, as ironmonger’s sign, 17. Key, Golden, 90, XCIV. Kilgour and Cumine, grocets, 65, 80. King, Indian, 83, LXIII. King Street, Covent Garden, 27, 81, LII. King’s Arms, The, Chelsea, 63, 68, V; Little Britain, 64, 76, XXXIV. King’s Armes and Beaver, Ye, Exchange Alley, 79, XLV. King’s Bagnio, The, Long Acte, 11, 40. King’s, or Soho, Square, 26. Kingston, Surrey, 21. Kippiax, William, fellmonger, 44. Io! Kirk, T., painter and engraver, 37, 88, or, LXXXV, CI. Kirkall, engraver, 37. Kitchin, T., engraver, 86, LX XIX. Knaves’ Acre, Golden Squate, 4, 69, VII. Knight, Mary, and Son, fishing-tackle maker, 48. Lace Hat, The Golden, 51. Laceman, 53, 78, XLI. Lackington, Allen and Co., booksellers, rag La Croix, tobacconist, 66, 66 (illus.). La Fontaine, Peter de, goldsmith, bio G5 ..07,-70,.Pront. Lamb and Black Spread Eagle, The, Strand, 83, LXIV. Lamb and Dolphin, The, 16. Lamb and Star, The, Houndsditch, 71, 6h Lamplighter, 26, 53, 81, L, LI. Landscape painter, 53. Land surveyor, 64, 66. Langlois, Peter, cabinet maker, 41. Lantern maker, 53. Lapidary, 53. Larken, engraver, 75, XX XI. Larwood and Hotten’s History of Sign- boards, 14, 16, 555 74, 795 91- Laughing Painter, Ye, Cross Coutt, 57. Lawrence Lane, Cheapside, 20. Lawrence, St., and girdlers, 20. Law Coutts, 70; and see Temple Bar. Law, dentist, 13, 74, XX VI. Leadenhall Street, 28. Leather-dresser, 47. Leather pipe and bucket maker, 53. Leather-seller, 44. Lee, Richard, tobacconist, 66. Leg and Seven Stars, The, 16. Leg and Star, The, 16. , Leg, Ye, Holborn, 14, 91, XCIX. Legg, Robert, upholsterer, 14, 91, x GLX: Leicester Fields, 49, 64, 66, 73, 76, XXIV, XXXV. Leicester Square, 28, 88. LO? Lem, William, ship broker, 88, LX X XV. Lettering of Trade Cards, 4, 7, 11, 13. Libraries, 27, 28, 29 (illus.), 81, LII. Lighterman, 53. Linen drapers, 28, 78, 81, 83, LIII, LIV, LYS LVISLVIL Lingley, William, nightman, 551 Lion, the, emblem of St. Mark, 20. Litchfield Street, Soho, 49, 65,67, Front. Little Britain, 64, 84, 90, LXIX, XCV. Little Britain Gate, 64, 76, XXXIV. Little Newport Street, 47, 64, 75, XXX. Little Russell Street, Drury Lane, 15. Little Theatre, The, No. 12, Haymarket, 65. Lloyd, Sibella, haberdasher, 78, XLII. Locksmiths, 20. Loft, Mr., dancing master, 45. Lombard Street, 11, 65, 74, 78, X XVIII, XLII; revival of old signs, 17. London Assurance Insurance Company, badge of, 75, XX XI. London Bridge, old houses on, 56, 86. London, city of, arms, 109. London Museum, 28. Long Acre, 11, 15/7 40,72, oom x. XCII. Longmate, engraver, 37, 80, XLVIII. Long Walk, the, Christ’s Hospital, 76, XXXIV. Lotteries, 36, 51. Loudon, David, bun baker, 27, 63,68, VI. Lower Serle’s Place, later name of Shere Lane, 7o. Ludgate Street, St. Paul’s, 19. Luke, St., the Bull of, 20. Lumley, grocer, 77, XX XIX. Lunatic keepers, 36. Macaroni period, costume, 32; Mace, Ye, Lombard Street, 11. Machy, engraver, 74, X XVI. McMurray, John, publisher, 4o. Mahomet, Sake Deen, shampooing surgeon, 58. Maidenhead, The, Bow, 47, 74, XXIX. Maiden Lane, Wood Street, 87. LONDON TRADESMEN’S CARDS Man-midwife, 53. Mantua makers, 53. Manual-engine maker, 75, XX XI. Mapseller, 21. Marchi, John, Italian warehouseman, 65, 80. Mark Lane, 77. Mark, Saint, Lion of, 20. Martin, Saint, and printers and book- sellets, 20. Marylebone Gardens, 47; Lane, 39, 73, XXV. Marylebone Passage, Oxford Market, 84, LX VII. Marylebone Street, St. James’s, 12, 80 35, 88, XLV, LXXT UX Xie Masefield, paper stainer, 33 (illus.). Masonic emblems, 16, 68. Masquerier, Mrs., schoolmistress, 88, LXXXIV. Mathematics, teacher of, 21, 39. Mathews, clothier, 19, 71, XVI. Matthew, Saint, the Angel of, 20. Maypole, in the Strand, 83. Menagerties, 53. Metcers, 4, 19, 23, 27, 53, 82, 83, LVILI, LIX, LX, LXI, LXII, LXII, LXTIv, LXV. Mercers’ Company, crest of, 74. Merchant Taylors Company, arms of, 11. Mercier, Dorothy, printseller, 57, 86, LXXVIII. Merigot, engraver, 66. Message card, or shop bill, 3, 63, 75, XXX. Messenger of Bankruptcy, 53. Metal trades, 22. Mews, The Royal (Trafalgar Square), 8 (illus.), 54. Middle Row, Holborn, 81, 82, 87, LVI, EX Xx Milk chocolate, 43. Mill maker, 53. Milliner, 83, LXVI. Milliners’, and Cranbourne Alley, 88. Miniaturist, 39. Minories, 52. > INDEX Mnemonics, teacher of, 39. Moneylendets, trade cards of, 9. Monmouth House, Soho Squate, 26, Sr, Lt Monmouth Street, St. Giles’s, 50, vik Montgomery, John, goldsmith, 65. Moote, Thomas, hosier, 20, S19 70; XLVII. Moorfields, gr. Moots, or Tawny Moors, 81. Morgan, Sylvanus, early trade card of, 10. | Morland, George, as sign-painter, 15. Morocco Ambassador’s Head, Lombard Street, 65. Morris, Edmund, china rivetter, 42. Mortis, John, linen draper, 81, LIV. Mottis, Margaret, at The Three Angels, Lombard Street, 78. Morrison, engraver, 37, 80, XLVII. Mottram, painter, 47. Mount Mill, Goswell Road, 84. Murray, John, publisher, 4o. Musical instruments, harmonisers of, 36; maker of, 8 (illus.), 25, 53, 54. Musician, 54. Music master, 45, 53. Music-pricking, 54. Mustard maker, 54. Nail operator and corn cutter, 43. Nassau, arms of, 18. Naval affairs, Agent in, 39. Navy, Royal, 61. Needle and fish-hook maker, 54. Negri, D., confectioner, 72, XX. Negti and Gunter, confeétioners, 72. Negri and Wetten, confectioners, 72. Newbery, John, publisher, 86, 87, LXXIX. New Bond Street, 27, 28, 51, 72, 80, 89, aC. Newgate, 69; Newgate Street, 51, 55. Newham and Thresher, hosiers, 52. Newport Street, see Great, and Little. Newton, Sir Isaac, 80, XLVIII; efligy Ore: 103 Nightman, 25, 36, 42, 54, 55, 84, LXVI, LXVIII. Noble, Francis (circulating library), 27, 81, LIT. Norman, Philip (London Signs and Inscriptions), V, 14, 51. Norris Street, Haymarket, 82, LX. Norton Folgate, 81, LIV. ‘Norwich Artist, The’ (Eldridge), 21, 57. Notary public, 55. Nourse, Edward, mercer, 82, LVIII. Noyes, hatter, 50. Numbering of houses, 12, 13, teh LSe(note)s°27, 00. Nuns and drapers, 82. Nuns, Three, 82, LIX. Nursetymen, 55. Nutners Street, Holborn, viii (illus.), 42. Nutting, Joseph, engraver, 89, LXXXVIII. Oculists, 36, Olan: 2 5H2G8s5,:81, ul O/d Black Boy, The, Norton Folgate, 81, LIV. Old Change, Cheapside, 54, 55. Old Collier and Cart, The, Fleet Ditch, rp OS ANAL Old Compleat Angler, The, Crooked Lane, 48. Old Indian Queen, The, Hatton Garden, 83, LXV. Old Street, 40. Olive Posts, The Two, Strand, 12, 80, AX Olive Tree, as sign for Italian ware- housemen, 80. Opticians, 9. Original Good Woman, The, St. Giles’s,5 5. Orris cleaner and scowrer, 41. Orton, Peter, linen draper, 81, LVI. Osborn, Robert, ship-master, 59. Otway’s Head, King Street, 27, 81, LII. Outer Temple, 40. Oxford Market, Marylebone, 84, LXVII. Oxford Road, 57, 63. 104 Oxford Street, 39, 74, X XVII. Oyster Girl, The, Charles Street, Soho, 58. P ack Horse and Fustian Roll, 46. Padusoys, 4. Page, engraver, 29 (illus.). Page, George, undertaker, 91, Paget, Charles, hatter, 79, XLIV. Painter (house), 51; decorative, 47. Pall Mall, 13, 49, 51, 59, 66, 70, 74, XII, XX VI. Panton Street, Haymarket, 66, 70, XI. Paper-stainer and engraver, 33 (illus.), $55) ode LO? Papier Machée Manufactory, the Strand, 33 (illus.). Paracelsus, efligy of, 21. Paternoster Row, 56. Patten, Henry, razor-maker, 87, LX XX. Patten maker, 44, 55. Patten and Crowne, The, Fleet Street, 71, aye Paulin, Thomas, haberdasher, 19, 78. Paul’s-Grave-Head-Court, Temple Bar, 12: Pavior, 56; sign for, by Hogarth, 66. Pawnbroker, 17, 28, 85, LX XI. Payne, George, hosier, 51. Payne, Thomas, tallow chandler, 89, LXXXIX. Peacock, The, 52, 62. Pearl, The Crown and, 77. Pearson, Matthew, haberdasher, 2, 78, LT: Pedometer makers, 36. ‘Peerless Pool,’ The, Old Street, 4o. Pen makers, 57. Penn, The Hand and, 79, XL{1. | Pepysian Library, Magdalene College, Cambridge, 11. Perfumers 12,°255:85), DX XU: Pergolesi, 76, XX XII. Peruke, Blew and White, 85, LX XIV. Petuke;: makets, 25;-30,9567 o3s7s soy PER. Peter, Charles, surgeon, 21, 89, LXXXVIII. LONDON TRADESMEN’S CARDS Peter, Saint, and locksmiths, 20. Pewterers, 56; 61, 85, 8Gsicieeee LXXVI. Pewterers’ Company, 85, 86. Phipps and Henley, metcers, 82. Phenix and Locks of Hair, The, 56. Picard, John, scale-maker,87,LX XXII. Piccadilly, 49, 51. Pickett, Thomas, brazier,19,41,52,68, III. Pidgons, The Rainbow and 3,74, XXVIII. Pimlico Road, 69. Pinchbeck, C., Senr., clockmaker, 21, 43. Pinchbeck’s Head, Fleet Street, 43. Pine, J., engraver and printseller, 21. Pineapple, emblem of confectioners, 72, XxX. Pineapple, The, Berkeley Square, 43, 72, XX , Pineapple, The Pot and, 72. Pinmakers, 56, 86, LX XVII. Pinmakers’ Company, arms of, 19, LX XVII. Pipe borer, 57; pipe maker, 56. Pistol and C., The, 16, 58. Pi§tol and L., The, Drury Lane, 16, 58, 87, LXXXI. Place, Francis, mezzotinter, 10. Plaster of Paris figure maker, 56. Poets, effigies of, 21. Point, The Royal, 78, XLI. Poleman, 25, 55, 56. Pompeii, trade panels at, 14. Ponsonby (Hon. Gerald) Collection, 70, 82. Pontet, snuff dealer, 59. Poole, tobacconist, 61. Pope, Alexander, the Dunciad, 83. Pope’s Head Alley, 44. Porch House, Holborn, 9. Pork man, 56. Porter (Covent Garden), 44. Porter and dwarf, figures of, with figure of Charles II, 51. Portrait painter, 39, 53. Portraits, 19, 21, 89, LX XXVIII. Posts, The Two Olive, 80. Potand Pineapple, The,Berkeley Square,72. INDEX Potter, 56. Potter, James, breeches maker, 68, IV. Prescott Street, Goodman’s Fields, 90, XCIV. Press-maker and turner, 56. Price, F. G. Hilton, 14, 78, 87, 90. Prince Regent, Bard to the, 53. Princes Street, 11. Printer, The Callico, 69, IX. Printers, 20; the maidenhead a sign for, 74, SLX. Printseller, 13, 21, 25, 28, 52, 57, 67, 86, LXXVIII. ; Prizehphter, 11, 36, 57, 63. Publishers, 40, 67, 86. Pulteney Street (Knave’s Acre), 69, VII. Pump maker, 57. Punch makers (engravers’), 47, 64. Pye, engraver, 37. Quack, 20,21, 36, 57; 86, LX XIX. Quarterstaff, lessons in the use of, 57. Queen Charlott’s Head, Cheapside, 83, LXVI. Queen Elizabeth's Head, St. Paul’s, 19. Queen Elizabeth, The Statue of, Tavistock Street, 19. Queen, Indian, 82, 83, LXI, LXV. Queen’s Arms, The, St. Paul’s Church- yard, 54. Queen Street, Soho, 26, 81. Queen Street, Watling Street, 87, LXX XII. Quill and Pen-makers, 57. R ainbow and 3 Pidgons, The, St.Clement’s Lane, 74, XXVIII. Ram Inn, Cirencester, 65. Rasp and Crown, The, Haymarket, 59. Ratcatcher, 57. Ratcliffe Highway, 48, 49, 65, 75, XX XI Raven, Ye Whale and, 48. Ravenet, engraver, 81, LII. Ray and Lumley, grocers, 77, XX XIX. Raymond, John, goldsmith, 77, XXXVI. Raynolds, James, haberdasher,79,XLIII. 105 Razor maker, 16, 44, 58, 87, LXXX, LXXXI. Rebuses, on trade signs, 14, 91, XCIX. Red M. and Dagger, The, Pope’s Head Alley, 16, 44, 58. Red Lion, emblem of, 21. Red Lion Square, 42. Regent Street, 80, 82. Richard I, badge of, 72, XIX. Richards, Daniel, stationer, 27, 88, 89, LXXXVII. Richardson, John, grocer, 78, XL. Richardson, John, trussmaker, 90, XCIV. Rigg, John, cupper, 73, X XIII. Roberts, Timby, scale-maker, 87, LXXXIIb. Roberts, William, hosier, 79, XLVI. Robertson, Archibald, printseller, 28. Rocking-horse maker, 38, 58. Rodwell, James, upholsterer, 91, XCVIII. Rose, The, as ‘touch’? or mark, 86, LXXV. Rosemary Lane, 4, 85, LX XIV. Ross, frame maker, 13, 76, XX XII. Rotherhithe, 86. Round Court, 76, XX XIII. Round Court, New, Strand, 83, LXIV. Royal Academy, Pall Mall, 66. Royal Arms, 18, 68, 70, 79, 80, V, XII, ALVSEXLVIE Royal Bed and Star, The, Moorfields, gl, ACVITE Royal Bun House, Chelsea, 68, 69,V, VI. Royal Effigies, 19, 20, 83. Royal Exchange, 10, 85, LX XIII. Royal Exchange Insurance Company, 107713; oe Royal Mint Street, 85. Royal Point, The, Tavistock Street, 2, 78, XL Rubbish carter, 54. Rumball, Whitehead, mercer, 82, LXII. Russell Court, Drury Lane, 87, LX X XI. Russell Street, Covent Garden, 16, 79> XLII. 106 Ryall and Withy, booksellers, 21. Ryder and Nicklin, mercers, 82, LXI. Saddlers’ Company, 25. Sailor, The Jolly, 71. St. Albans Street, Pall Mall, 13, 74, XXVI. St. Andrew’s, Holborn, Parish of, 88; Church, 9, 27, 88, LX X XVII. St. Ann-in-the-Willows, Aldersgate, 89. St. Ann’s Lane, Aldersgate (Gresham Street), 89, LX X XIX. St. Ann’s, Soho, 26. St. Bartholomew’s Cloisters, 82, XXXIV, LXI. St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, 76. St. Clement’s Lane, 74, X XVIII. St. Dunstan’s, Fleet Street, 4o, 71, XV. St. George’s Row, Oxford Street, 39, 74. NW LL St. Giles-in-the-Fields, 13, 50, 55, 67, yh RAY Bes St. James’s, 49, 66, 66 (illus.), 88, LX, LXXXITII- market, $2;" Palaces 43; Street, 40. St. John Street, 28, 29 (illus.). St. Luke’s, Old Street, 40. St. Margaret’s Hill, Southwark, 27, 91, XCVII. St. Martin’s Court, Leicester Fields, 73, XXIV. St. Martin’s Lane, 21, 89, LX XXVIII. St. Martin’s-le-Grand, 76, XX XIII. St. Mary-le-Strand, 83, LXII. St. Paul’s Churchyard, 11, 19, 54, 67, Go, 81,, 868 %90,2017 bv TIT, eae Lxexik XC. St. Peter-in-Cheap, site of, 77. Saints, effigies of, 20. Sake Deen Mahomet, 58. Salisbury Court, Fleet Street, 21. Salmon, mercer, 82. Sandby Paul, 39, 74; trade card with aquatint by, 28. Sandby, T., Junr., drawing master, 74, XX VII. Sandby, William, bookseller, 40. LONDON TRADESMEN’S CARDS Saull, John, and Pontet, snuff dealers, 59. Savile Row Passage, 28. Saw and Crown, The,Holborn, 87, LX XX. Scale-makers, 25, 58, 87), tues LX XXIIs. Scales, Ye Hand and, 87. Scattergood, Thomas, LXXV. Scattergood, Thomas, Junr., pewterer, 86. Schiavonetti, engraver, 37. Schoolmistress, 88, LX XXIV. Schoonjans, Anthonie, painter, 89, LXXXVIII. Scientific instrument makers, 9, 21, 24. Scientists, effigies of, 21. Scotland and Royal Arms, 18. Scots Holland Warehouse, 20. Scott, Henry, nurseryman, 55. Scott, Sir Wm., see Stowell. Scriveners, 25, 79. Seago, J., printseller, 13, 67, II. Second-hand clothiers, 71. Sedan chair maker, 58, 88, LX XXIII. Seminaries, 38, 39. Sergeants at Mace, 36, 58. Seven Dials, St. Giles’s, 71, XIV. Seven Stars, The, Norris Street, 82, LX. Seven Stars of the Pleiades, a masonic emblem, 16. | Severn, Richard, jeweller, 12. Shakespeare’s Head, Little Russell Street, Drury Lane, 15. Shears, The, Little Lombard Street, 11. Sheer, or Shire Lane (Great Shere Lane), Temple Bar, 70, X. Shell fish warehouse, 58. Sheraton, Thomas, 41, 46. Sherborne, engraver, 19, 37. Sherwin, engraver, 37. Ship, The, Outer Temple, 4o. Ship broker, 59, 88, LXXXV. Ship master, 59. Shoe Lane, 15, 73, X XI. Shoemaker, 20, 25) 40,00 n us oumeae ED. BO. 6 Shoemaker Row, Aldgate, 68, IV. pewterer, 85, INDEX Shoes, Angel and Three, 88, LXXXVI. Shops, old fronts and shop scenes depicted on trade cards, 26, 27, 28, 29, Roueeee OG, Front,, VI, XXXIV, iL, LXIX, LXXI, LXXVIII. Short, John, woollen draper, 11. Shot maker, 59. Siddall, Richard, chemist, 12, 70, XI. Siddall and Swann, chemists, 70. Sidgier, Henry, carpenter, 7o, X. Signboards and trade signs, 2, 4, 11, 12, I4-I7, 22-25, 36-62, 66, 74. Sign painters, 15, 17, 66, 73. Silk thrower, 59. Silversmith, 23, 28. Simon, Old, of St. Giles’s, 13. Simons, James, instrument maker, 80, XLVI. Single Crown, Ye, Leadenhall Street, 28. Skeleton seller, 38, 59. Skinner, 59. Skinner, engraver, 37. Skinners’ Company, arms of, 25, 44. Sloane, Sir Hans, his milk chocolate, 43. Slop makers (second-hand clothiers), 22, eet; 5, 4 VIL. Small, Thomas, haberdasher, 20. Smith, James, artificial-eye maker, 21. Smith, James, innkeeper, 65. Smith, John, printseller, 21. Smith (trade), 59. Smithfield Bars, 89, XCI; West Smith- Hemi, 77.182, AX X VIL, LX. Smithson,George,undertaker,g0, XCVI. Smoak, Jack, Ye, 41. Snow and Denne, bankers, 4o. Snowdon, John, shoemaker, 88, LXXXVI. Snuff dealers, 59. Soho, 26, 43, 44, 46, 49, 65, 67, 68, 81, Pront., Ti LI. Soho Square, 26, 57, 58. Solsull, engravers’ punch maker, 64. Somerset House, §2. South Sea House, LXXV. Southwark, 27, 46, 53, 91, XCVII. Bishopsgate, 85, 107 Sow gelder, 57. Spatterdash maker, 38, 40, 59. Spatterdashes, The 3, Exeter Change, Strand, 59. Speratis, sc hatter, 51. Spread Eagle » Lamb and Black, 83, LXIV. Squibb’s Auction Rooms, Savile Row Passage, 28. Squirrels, live, as trade sign, 79. Stage waggons, 59. Stampe, Jacob, calico printer, 69, IX. Star, The, Pall Mall, 49. Star, The Beaver and, Strlles Sars Os Star, The Lamb and, 71, XVI. Stars used as signs or emblems, 16, 21. Stars, Seven, 82, LX. Stationer, 25,27, 60,68, LX XX VII; Stationers Armes, The, to. Stationers’ Company, 25, 67, 89. Stent, engraver, 37, 89, LXX XIX. Stent, Eliz. Barton, turner, 90, XCV. Stocks Market, Lombard Street, Lys Stone, nightman, 54. Storey, Elizabeth, Nett mee 78, LAL: Stork, mark of Kenrick, pewterer, 86. Stowell, Baron, and ‘interment in iron,’ G2: Stow Grate, The, Minories, 52. Strand, the, 12,14, 15 (note), 33 (illus.), AORU§ 25545) 1905s sOy ee, yo 5.n Od, WIS ais REL AV Straw hats, 31. Street numbering, see numbering of houses. Street scenes on trade cards, 4, 26. Streets peculiar to particular trades, 14, 83, 86, 88. Sun, The, St. Paul’s Churchyard, 81, LII. Sun, Bible and, 86, LX XIX. Sun Insurance Company, badge of, 19, 75 eo, Sun Tavern Fields, Ratcliff Highway, 49, 65. Surflen (bathing machine proprietor),39. Surgeon and Empiric, 9, 21, 39, 60, 89, LXXXVIII. 108 Surgical instruments, 16. Sussex Street, Bedford Square, 4o. Sutton, Francis, pump maker, 57. Swallow Street, St. James’s, 66. Swann, chemist, 70. Sweating and Cupping, 44; and see Cupper. Sweeps, viii (illus.), 36, 42, 70, XII. Sword cutler, 39, 50. Sympson, J., artist and engraver, 64, 65. ‘T abart’s Juvenile Library, 28. Tabor and Pipe, Helmet Court, Strand, 54. Tailors, 6o. Tallow chandler, 25, 62, 89, LXX XIX. Tallow Chandlers’ Company, 19; arms G6 $2.5, 286. Tambour maker, 6o. Tare, The, 45. Tavistock Street, Covent Garden, 2, 4, 19,164, 73°78 X SILEX LL Taylor, Jane, and Son, china and glass Sciletss joss (Lt Taylor, Robert, The Coventry Cross, Southwark, 27. Tea Chest, The Chair and, 69, VII. Tea dealers, 24, 49, 60, 70; 77,. 89, SAAV IT KX XC Tea-Tub, Three Sugar Loaves and Crown, The, Crutched Friars, 77, XX XIX. Teeth, operator of, 45. Tempell, Jeane, chimney sweep, viii (illus.), 42. | Temple Bar, 12, 40, 70. Temple of the Muses, Finsbury, 27. Theatre, The Little, Haymarket, 65. Thorpp, William, bookseller, ro. Three Angels, Ye, Cornhill, 63; Lombard Street: or Seex tilly Three Blue Balls, 17. Three Cocks, The, 41. Three Cover’d Chairs and Walnut Tree, St. Paul’s Churchyard, 69, VIII. Three Golden Balls, 17. Three Jars and Two Flasks, The, Hay- market, 65, 80. Three Nuns and a Hare, The, 16. LONDON TRADESMEN’S CARDS Three Nuns and Wheatsheaf, The, West- minster, 82, LIX. Three Pigeons, The, Cranbourne Alley, 28. Three ProteStant Queens, The, Cheapside, 20. Three Squirrels, The, Jermyn Street, 79, XLVI. Three Sugar Loaves, 77, 78, XX XVIII, Xx XLT Thresher and Glenny, hosiers, 52. Ticket porter, 60. F Tin-man, 89, XCI. Tobacconist and tobacco shops, 17, 25, Go, 61, 66, 66 (illus.); sign of, 81. Tobacco papets, 37, 66. Tokens, 17. Tomez, C., bow and arrow maker, 4o. L00 Golding Potts and Bottles, The, Bridge Street, 61. Tooley Street, 53. Tortoiseshell worker, 41, 61. Tottenham Court Road, 13, 41. Toyman, 12, 25, 43, 61. Trade Cards: curiosities in, 36-62; dating of, 2; definition and use of, 1; development of, 11; early woodcut example, 69, IX; earliest English catd known, 9; Hogarth cards, 63-66; quaint expressions on, 38-62; re- prints of, 6; used for accounts, 1, 2, 61, 69, 71, 72, 78, 80, 88, 90; prior to eighteenth century, 9; relation to shop signs, 14; Victorian period, 13. Trade signs, see Signs. Trades confined to particular streets, 14, 83, 86, 88; obsolete trades, 37, 38-62; symbolic representation of, 12; trade emblems, 21; classification of, 22-24. Treyer, snuff dealer, 59. Trigge, Joseph, metcer, 19. Tringham, W., engraver, 83, LX VI. Truck, Bucket and, 90, XCII. Trumpet maker, 8 (illus.). Trumpet, Wheatsheaf and, 89, XCI. Trumpett and Horne, The, Castall Street, 8 (illus.), 54. INDEX Trunk maker, 25, 61, 90, XCII, XCIII. Truss maker, 90, XCIV. Tuncks, S., artist, 21. Turk’s Head, The, 65, 82, LVIII. Warners, 20, 25, 56, 61, 90, XCV. Turners Arms, The, Little Britain, 90, mV Turners’ Company, 19, 25. Turtle shell worker, 61. Turtle, William, breeches maker, 41. Iwo Fustian Rolls, Rose and Crown, The, Drury Lane, 46. Two Olive Posts, Ye, Strand, 12, 19005; 80, X LIX: Tymperon, Edward, razor maker, 16. Umbrella maker, 61. Undertakers, 22, 61, 62, 90, 91, XCVI, XCVII. Unicorn and Case of Knives, Compton Street, 44. Unusual trades, 36, 38-62. Upholders’ Company, 22. Upholsterer, 14, 22, 62, 66, 91, XCVIII, XCIX. Ustonson, Onesimus, maker, 48. fishing-tackle Vanloo, ie, artist, 27. Vaughn, artist, 29 (illus.). Ventriloquists, 36. Victoria and Albert Museum Colleéion, 74, 84, 86. Violin and Hautboy, The, Cheapside, 54. Violin, Hautboy and German Flute, The, St. Paul’s Churchyard, 54. Vivares, engraver, 37. W addell, Thomas, & Son,colourmen, 55. Waggons, stage, 59. Wale, Samuel, R.A., 15. Walnut Tree, The, Tavern, 69. Ward, John, musical instrument maker, 54. Ward and Chandler, booksellers, 40. Wardour Street, 46. 109 Warner, E., engraver, 87, LX XX. Warren, Richard, perfumer, 12, 85, LXII. Warwick Court, 83, LXIII. Warwick Street, St. James’s, 66. Watch House, The, Holborn, 42. Watch maker, 21, 43. Watch papers, 37. Watergate Street, Chester, 10. Watson, James (Scots Holland wate- house), 20. Watisp ls cnptayer: 77, SX XIX. Wax chandler, 25, 62. Weaver, 62. Weaver, Tho., pin-maker, 86, LX XVII. Webb, B., artist, 80, XLVII. Wedgwood, Josiah, potter, 56. Wells Street, Oxford M rket, 84, LXVII. Wendegaynlane, 4. West, Benjamin, P.R.A., 74, X XVII. West, John, hatter, 50. Westminster, 82, LIX. Westminster Bridge, 86. Wetten and Son, confectioners, 72. Weybridge, 55; ‘Seven Dials’ now at, whe Weymouth and George III, 20. Whale and Raven, Ye, Bow Church, 48. Whalebone merchant, 62. Wheatland, milliner, 83, LX VI. Wheatley’s London Past and Present, 15 (note), 26, 49, 70, 76. Wheatsheaf, The, 4; York Street, Covent Garden; $1, LV. Wheatsheaf, Three Nuns and, 82, LIX. Wheatsheaf and Trumpet, The, Smithfield Bars, 89, XCI. Wheel of St. Catherine, 20. Wheeley, James, paper Stainer, 84, Lis Oe Whitcomb Street, 80. White, Edward and John, chocolate makers, 43. White Bear, The (warehouse), Piccadilly, 49. Whitechapel, 48. IIO Whitecross Street, 15, 41, 54. White Hart couchant, 72, XIX. White Hart, The, Long Acte, 72, XIX. White Horse Yard, Drury Lane, 46. Whittow, Benjamin, copper plate maker, 73, X XI. Wigmore Street, 39. Wildblood, John, dyer, 74, XXVIII. Wilkes, engraver, 6. Wilkie, John, 67, I. William III, arms of, 79, XLV. William and Mary, 18; costume, 30, 34. William Camden’s Head, Royal Exchange, 10. Williams, VOREE Windmill Street, Golden Square, 57, 86, LX XVII; Tottenham Court Road, Al. Wine merchant, 80. Winterton, Lord, his Irade’ Gards:v-13G- Woad dyer, 62. Woman-Chimbley Sweeper, The, Nutnets Street, Holborn, viii (illus.), 42. Woman, The Good, or Silent, 55. Martha, haberdasher, 78, colle&tion of LONDON TRADESMEN’S CARDS Woman, headless, 55. Wood, Thomas, sheriff, 77. Woodcuts used for Trade Cards, 11, 69, IX. Woodifield, engraver, 73, XXII, X XIII. Wood’s close, 39. Woodward, Jn., pin-maker, 86, LXXVII. Woodward, William, nightman, 84, EavVib Woolcombets, 21; patton saint of, 80, XLVI Woollen draper, 11, 46, 91, C, CI. Wool Pack, The, Gracechutch St., 91, C. Wool stapler, 62. Worm makers, 36. Worrall, George, pin-maker, 86, LXXVII. Wright, coachmaker, 15. Wright’s circulating library, 81. Writing masters, 9, 25; trade sign of, 79. Wylde, W., needle maker, 54. Y ates, engtavet, 37. York Street, Covent Garden, 81, LV. TT