EASTMAN WE cd dod Rea ahd ad fe lg ee. 9d ey EASTMAN TEACHING FILMS, Subsidiary of Eastman Kodak Co., Rochester cf *% Foreword 2 American College of Surgeons has long recognized the possibilities of the motion picture as a vital force in the dissemination of knowledge in the medical field. A few years ago it definitely committed itself to a program of pro- duction of suitable films. In considering how the program might be developed and carried out, the Medical Motion Picture Com- mittee of the College requested the cooperation of the Eastman Kodak Company. In the meantime the Eastman Kodak Company itself had been interested in the value of motion pictures asa purely educational agency, and, in 1926, it undertook an extensive experiment to determine the teaching value of films made expressly for class- _ room instruction. The results of the experiment were so gratify- ing that a separate company, Eastman Teaching Films, Inc., was formed to produce teaching films. Since the medical films contemplated by the American College of Surgeons were intended for teaching purposes in medical col- leges and allied institutions, as well as for scientific and profes- sional service to the medical profession, the program for the development of such films came within the scope of service con- templated by this new Kodak subsidiary. The fortunate combination of these two interests brought into [3] working cooperation the two essential factors for the develop- ment of scientific medical films of superior photographic quality. The American College of Surgeons, through its members, super- vises the preparation of scenarios and the editing of films with a view to. securing the most accurate scientific material as pic- ture content, while the Eastman organization, with its extensive photographic experience and facilities, brings to the enterprise the best and most modern technique in photographic processes. The films described in the following pages are the first fruits of this cooperative undertaking of the American College of Surgeons and Eastman Teaching Films, Inc. They have been made under the general supervision of an expert medical director retained by Eastman Teaching Films, Inc., in cooperation with outstanding authorities in various branches of the profession. The scenario and the actual photography of each film have been produced under the direction of a leading physician or surgeon. The ingenious and difficult animations, which add so much to the graphic nature and general effectiveness of the films, have been produced under the same direction. In addition to this careful and thorough professional supervi- sion of the various steps involved, each scenario and each film » have been examined and approved by the American College of Surgeons. The present films are offered to the medical schools and allied institutions, and to the medical profession, as a record of unusual significance, of the advances which science and research are in- augurating in the practice of medicine and surgery. They are a part of an extensive medical film library now in process of pro- duction, and additional films will be completed from time to time. {4} The Technique of Blood Trans fusion = Laboratory Technique Tus film, consisting of two reels, deals solely with technique, without any consideration of the indications for, and results of, transfusion. To show all techniques would be quite im- possible, henceonly one methodof blood grouping isshown,and one method of direct and indirect transfusion. The film was photo- graphed at the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, where the transfusion methods shown in the film are used extensively. In the first reel considerable emphasis is placed onthe details and care necessary in blood matching, to insure compatibility and to avoid transfusion reactions. The Moss classification of blood groups is the only one used. Each step in the technique, from the obtaining of blood from donor and recipient, to grouping and cross agglutination, is clearly shown by actual photography. The second reel, composed mainly of actual photography, with a few explanatory animation scenes, shows clearly the technique of actual transfusion. One method of indirect transfusion and one of direct, are portrayed. In the latter case the Vincent Tube type of transfusion is shown. The details involved, together with pos- sible difficulties to be encountered, are duly emphasized. The picture emphasizes primarily the fundamentals of blood [5] Direct Transfusion —Vincent Tube Technique transfusion, stressing the need of care and attention to detail in matching, to avoid reactions. It is not intended to advocate one method more than another. The techniques shown are those used successfully in some of the largest clinics in the country. Indirect Inguinal Hernia e The Repair of a Hernia— Opening the Sac Tue subject of indirect inguinal hernia in the male is considered in three reels, and is complete in all respects. This film was produced under the direction of Dr. Daniel L. Borden, 16] CONJOINE TENDON Anatomical Dissection of the Groin Professor of Surgery, George Washington University Medical School, Washington, D. C. ANATOMICAL ASPECT. The first reel considers the sub- ject from the anatomical aspect. The potential weakness of the inguinal region in the male, caused by the descent of the testes, is well portrayed by animated drawings. The rest of the reel shows, step by step, an anatomical dissection of the groin with special reference to the surgical anatomy. The dissection is supplemented by animated drawings for emphasis and clearness. CLINICAL ASPECT. In reel two, by an ingenious com- bination of animated drawings, double exposed into actual motion pictures, the clinical aspect of herniae is considered. Individual cases are used to emphasize again the surgical anatomy, the mechanism of descent and reduction of the hernia, strangulation, etc. OPERATIVE TECHNIQUE. To complete the subject, the third reel is composed of an actual motion picture showing the operative technique of a hernia repair. Only one type of repair is shown, the essential features for a cure as applied to any operation being stressed, rather than the particular type of operation. These three reels cover the subject of indirect inguinal hernia in an instructive and interesting manner. Each reel is complete in itself and may be purchased or rented independently of the other two reels. 17] Intestinal Peristalsis e Peristalsis in the Small Bowel ‘Tue normal intestinal movements are well shown in this film, which was photographed at the Mayo Clinic by Drs. Walter C. Alvarez and Arnold Zimmerman. Experimental animals, completely anesthetized, were used, their abdomens being opened under warm Ringer’s solution. The picture shows all types of ineeeaet peristalsis, clearly and at close range. It is a highly interesting film from the physio- logic standpoint. Another View Showing Peristalsis in Detail Diagnosis and Treatment of Infections of the Hand oO ed) @ Infection Spreading to the | Forearm Basen on the book “Infections of the Hand” by Dr. A.B. Kanavel, this film was produced under the author's direction and supervision. It portrays the subject both by direct photography and animated drawings. The film consists of three reels. The first of these introduces the subject by a detailed consideration of the anatomy of the hand, emphasis being placed on lymphatics, tendon sheaths, and fascial spaces. With this as a basis, the pathologic aspects are presented in detail, including portals of entry of infections, and pathways Cross Section Showing the Drainage of an Infection in the Forearm of extension in various parts of the hand and fingers. The various diagnostic points are reviewed, and the dangers of neglect and tardy treatment are emphasized by a graphic presentation of com- plications to be expected in such cases. The normal sequence is completed by therapeutic considerations. No photograph of an actual operation is shown, but the locations of incisions, as the best approach to various infected parts, are shown diagrammati- cally. The principles of post-operative treatment, such as heat, fixation and physiotherapy, are duly stressed. This subject, of prime importance to the surgeon, the medical student and the general practitioner, is comprehensively covered by this film. Rabies Photomicrograph Showing the Negri Body In view of the rather infrequent occurrence of rabies in this country, this actual photograph of a case in a young boy, was assembled to show the various clinical aspects of the disease. These are well exemplified by the patient, the case having been photographed five hours before death, when all the classical fea- tures except convulsions were evident. The case was admitted to the Cook County Hospital of Chicago, where it was photo- graphed under the direction of Dr. Julius H. Hess. ) [ 10 } The Rabies Patient's Aversion to Water Ectopic Heart oO} @ The Case Shown by Actual Photography Iw this one-reel film a remarkable case of ectopic heart is shown by actual photography combined with animated drawings. The picture is a visual record of a most unusual condition. The infant was born with complete absence of the sternum, with the diaphragm exposed, and the heart on the anterior aspect of the thorax, covered only by the pericardium. The baby lived twenty- eight hours and during this time the motion pictures were made. All the interesting features of the case are pointed out, supple- {rir} An X-ray of the Patient mented by X-rays, animated drawings, and the electrocardio- graphic record. Post-mortem findings are also shown, together with those in the case of the twin, a monstrosity born at the same time. In view of the comparative rarity of the condition, this film is of great interest to medical students and members of the pro- fession. The case was photographed at the Kansas City General Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri. : ‘Tus is a one reel film produced under the Simple direction of Dr. George W. Crile and is com- Goiter posed almost entirely of animated drawings. It considers the subject of goiter solely from the standpoint of the mechanical efforts of growth, with no attempt to cover the question of toxicity. The subject is introduced by a detailed presentation of the normal anatomy of the neck from the standpoint of thyroid sur- gery. It then considers the various positions assumed by the thy- roid in its growth, such as pyramidal lobe enlargement, the en- {12} Representation of a Goiter bya | Combination of 7 Actual Photography | and Animation | largement of one lateral lobe, generalized enlargement, and sub- sternal goiter. With each type are pointed out the complications to be expected, such as displacement and compression of the trachea, and recurrent laryngeal nerves. All the various types of goiter are shown by animated drawings, accompanied by illus- trative cases and X-rays. The subjects of toxicity and differential diagnosis are not in- cluded, as consideration of these subjects has been left for films to be produced later. Similarly no operative technic is shown in the film described above. - PARTIAL COMPRESSION | OF TRACHEA CAUSING SLIGHT DYSPNEA _ Cross Section : of the Neck ne Showing Goiter Benign Prostatic Hyper- trophy e The Physiology of Urinary Excretion Tus film, consisting of one reel, was produced under the direction and supervision of Dr. J. Bentley Squier, Professor of Urology, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Sur- geons, New York City. It presents one phase of the subject of prostatic hypertrophy and is composed almost entirely of ani- mated drawings. The normal anatomy and physiology of the urinary tract is shown in detail, to serve as a basis for later pathological con- siderations. A brief portrayal of the development of the pros- Sagittal Section of the Male Pelvis tate gland from its embryologic form of five lobes, is shown as an introduction to the subsequent gross pathology of prostatic hypertrophy and coincident urinary obstruction. The pathologic physiology as encountered in cases with urinary obstruction, is shown with considerable attention to detail, including difficulty of micturition, bladder residual, frequency, kidney damage and infection. The ultimate condition to be expected in cases with un- treated urinary obstruction is very graphically shown. Throughout the whole film the greatest attention to detail and scientific accuracy has been observed. Operative technique and treatment are not included. It is planned to make the subject complete by additional reels dealing with these aspects of the disease. See next page for rentals and purchase prices {15} Prices Eastman Medical Films are available in either the 35 millimeter or the 16 millimeter width, on Safety Film only, which eliminates fire hazard. In the 35 millimeter width the films require a standard 35 millimeter projector. The 16 millimeter films may be best projected by means of one of the three widely used models of the Eastman Kodascope. These may be obtained from Ciné-Kodak dealers throughout the country. The films are distributed either on the basis of outright sale or on the rental plan. The prices follow: No. Rental Prices Sale Prices Film Reels 16mm. 35 mm. 16 mm. 35. mm. Diagnosis and Treatment of Infections of the Hand 3 $15.00 $40.00 $125.00 $250.00 *Intestinal Peristalsis I 5.00 WA. 40:00: © "Agpasen Simple Goiter I 7.50 18.00 50.00 100.00 BenignProstaticHypertrophy 1 7.50 18.00 50.00 100.00 **Indirect Inguinal Hernia 3 20.00 45.00 140.00 275.00 ve a 4 2 15.00 35.00 95.00 190.00 sid te I 7.50 18.00 50.00 100.00 The Technique of Blood Transfusion 2) 15.00 35.00 95.00 190.00 Rabies I 3.75 9.00 25.00 50.00 Ectopic Heart I 7.50 18.00 50.00 100.00 *There will be no 35 millimeter prints of this film. *#*Since each reel of this picture is a complete unit in itself, any one of them, or any combination of them, can be used to ad- vantage. Purchase prices and rentals are therefore given for one, two, and three reels. Subject matter of the three reels: Reel 1— Anatomical Aspect of Hernia; Reel 2—Clinical Aspect of Hernia; Reel 3—Operative Technique of Hernia. EASTMAN TEACHING FILMS, Inc. Subsidiary of ? Eastman Kodak Company Rochester, N Y. { 16 } | ' ! == Sa lO) — === © = NI —=c ——_—= $$ <4 fe) = . tf ~ 6