RR ILR R.R R_R RA R.R AR MM *A AA, AR AR AA AA AAAA AR AA AA RA AA AA AA AA AA.AA AA AA AA.AA AAAA AA G* 5 »«*&>' TENNESSEE __ mmmmmi mWwwvvvvvmwhvwvvwvvwww yv tfn.tAMre mnniWM Kii ini g ; etin No. 30 % VIEW OF TEST ■ ■’ vii. .' ,i" ■-*' V:'[< "* < ■ 1'^ l ^.' I. ' '.£:/' Scientific Section—Educational Bureau HENRY A. GARDNER, Director PAINT MANUFACTURERS’ ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED STATES PHILADELPHIA, PA. v •'v.. v Copyright, 1910, by Paint Manufacturers’ Association of U.S. ' ‘ ’ ,r V' '■ /.-•#<. '!•-’■• V-''., • • S ' ' ' * “ ' -‘ v *'■ 'f '■ •\ 'HIS PAINT test l*to DETERMINE jSSL PAINT PIGMENTS, OR* COMBINATIONS of PAINT PIGMENTS, are best Suited to Withstand Exposure in this CLIMATE. It nas Erected By the MINT MANUFACTURERS’ ASSOCIATION ifthtliutedStates and i* under the Supervieiee of V Tennessee State AutkerrtieiftQnne A VIEWS OF FENCE THE TENNESSEE WHITE PAINT TESTS Scientific Section—Educational Bureau HENRY A. GARDNER, Director PAINT MANUFACTURERS’ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED STATES PHILADELPHIA, PA. Preface The agriculturist is interested in producing from his land, ma¬ terial that will enrich his bank account, maintain his live stock and keep his buildings in good condition. The planting of flax will serve all three of these purposes. There will be obtained a good price for the oil that will later come back in the form of paint for the farm buildings, and there will be at hand a supply of oil cake to fatten cattle. The Southern Test Fence will no doubt stimulate the Southern farmer to plant a part of his acreage in this valuable flax crop, and thus serve to increase the production of linseed oil. Since Bolley has shown that the flax plant does not materially exhaust the soil chem¬ ically, and that the fungus which has caused the shortage of the flax crop in the northwest may be prevented by concerted action in im¬ munizing seed for planting, the Southern planter should look with ap¬ proval upon such an innovation as the planting of flax in the South. HENRY A. GARDNER, Director. OUTLINE OF TEST On September 15, 1910, the erection of a wooden test fence was completed on the State Fair Grounds at Nashville, Tenn., by the Scientific Section of the Paint Manufacturers’ Association. Upon this fence were exposed forty-two samples of white paint, in order to de¬ termine whether the combination type of formula is superior to the single pigment type, in the southern plateau of which Nashville is the centre. The construction and outline of these tests differ somewhat from those conducted at Atlantic City and elsewhere by the Scientific Section. The fence frame is 150 feet long, being made of 6-inch bevelled girders supported three feet from the ground by 4-inch posts set six feet apart. Upon this girder are placed a series of forty-two test panels supported at top and bottom with weather strips and braces. The test panels are 40 inches high, 30 inches wide, and one-inch thick, being made of the highest grade white pine, tongued and grooved together, and protected on the edges by weather strips pro¬ jecting from the surface of the panels. Each panel is painted on both sides with the same paint, thus giving an eastern and western ex¬ posure, the fence running north and south. The formulas used in the test vary in their percentage composition, being made up in some cases of single pigments and again with combinations of the opaque white pigments with and without certain percentages of the crystal¬ line or inert pigments. The paints were applied under the supervision of prominent master painters and a committee representing the Scien¬ tific Section and other technical organizations. Other field tests have shown that the sap and knots in hard- grained woods, such as yellow pine, cypress, etc., have been the cause of the failure of even the best paints and that all tests should be con¬ ducted upon soft woods, such as white pine and poplar, if definite results are to be obtained. Paints tinted with ochre, chrome yellow, lampblack, iron oxide, etc., have shown on the other field tests which have been conducted at Atlantic City, Pittsburg and Fargo, the value of these pigments in giving to the paints increased wearing properties. On the Southern Test Fence, therefore, all the formulas were ground in white only and placed upon white pine so as to make the test primarily one to determine the value of the various white pigments upon good wood. What the Test Means to the Oil Situation. The fence has been placed under the supervision and care of Mr. Lucius P. Brown, State Food and Drug Commissioner of Tennessee, who is endeavoring, through these tests, to interest the farmers of his and neighboring States in the growing of flax and other oil bear¬ ing seeds. Immense deposits of phosphate rock underlying the soil throughout Tennessee and Kentucky are probably responsible for the wonderful farming land in that country, and the growth of soya beans for cattle feed has been carried on for some time with great success. The planting of small areas of flaxseed of the Mediterranean type will probably be begun early in the spring at the Agricultural Experiment Station in Tennessee, and should these experiments prove successful, great encouragement will be given to a new industry for the South. The test fence having been placed at the most advantageous point, at the State Fair Grounds in Nashville, has already attracted great attention from planters of that district, and these tests, together with the experiments which will soon be under way by the Agricultural Department, should prove of great interest. Testing Other Paint Oils. Upon one series of panels on the fence has been placed one of the formulas which has given universal satisfaction on the various test fences in the past, and this formula has been made up with various oils other than linseed oil in order to determine the value of these oils as painting materials. For instance, the vehicle part of the one formula referred to is made up of 50 per cent, linseed oil and 50 per cent, soya bean oil, and again 50 per cent, linseed oil and 50 per cent, rosin oil, etc., an effort being made to test out all the available semi-drying oils. Co-operating with the Government in Testing Wood Turpentines. The same formula referred to has also been ground in pure linseed oil and subjected to a series of tests where it has been thinned for application as priming and second coats with a series of wood turpen¬ tines obtained from the United States Forest Products Laboratory at Madison, Wis. These turpentines were made from southern pine stumps and sawdust, and they vary greatly in their properties. Some are objectionable in odor, while others are of excellent quality, having an odor almost equal to that of pure gum spirits. Should these wood turpentines prove their value by actual field exposure tests, there is no reason why they should not be produced in large quantity from the present waste material found in the South, and thus help to relieve the present situation as regards pure gum spirits turpentine. Future of Pine Oil. One product under test of the Southern Test Fence is pine oil, a high-boiling-point product obtained from the manufacture of wood turpentine from sawdust. This has a boiling point of over 210° C. as against the 150° of ordinary gum spirits. It is almost water white and has the same penetrating qualities as the pure gum spirits, and is also free from that objectionable odor characteristic of so many low-boiling- point products. When mixed with 50 per cent, linseed oil, this product forms a paint oil of extremely light color, and most excellent proper¬ ties, producing a semi-flat paint of great whiteness. If exposure tests prove this oil as worthy as the tests thus far show, it would appear to be of great importance to the southern manufacturers to produce this material in quantity, by fractional distillation of the crude spirits. Its iodine number is high and its oxygen carrying properties are good. Its evaporation leaves a durable film. Formulas on Southern Test Fence. Formulas No. 1 to No. 37 were all ground in pure refined linseed oil. They were made in the form of semi-paste and then thinned down with sufficient refined linseed oil so that each would have a relative viscosity. To each formula was then added a sufficient amount of pure lead and manganese linoleate drier to give proper drying qualities. On thinning for the priming coat, one pint of tur¬ pentine was added to each gallon of paint. For the second coat, one- half pint turpentine and one-half pint refined linseed oil were added to each gallon. For the third coat work, reduction was made with one pint of refined linseed oil. In the case of formulas 31 to 37, reductions were the same, ex¬ cept that a series of specially prepared wood turpentines were used in place of the pure gum spirits used in formulas 1 to 31. Formulas 38 to 41, as will be shown, were ground in equal parts of the oils tested. These formulas, however, were all thinned for application with pure gum spirits of turpentine, and the respective vehicle in which they were ground. FORMULAS FOR SOUTHERN TEST FENCE. Vehicle: Bleached Linseed Oil with Lead and Manganese Lino- leate Drier. Formula No. i: ^Corroded White Lead 100% 2: *Sublimed White Lead in Oil 100% 3: Zinc Oxide XX in Oil 100% 4: Zinc Lead White in Oil 100% 5: Leaded Zinc 65%, Corroded White Lead 35% 6: * Corroded White Lead 100% 7: ^Corroded White Lead 100% No. 8. j } No. 15. Corroded White Lead 85%’ Corroded White Lead 45 % Zinc Oxide 15% Zinc Oxide 45 % China Clay 10% 100% No. 9. 1 . i 100% Corroded White Lead 65 % No. 16. Zinc Oxide 35 % Corroded White Lead 45 % 100% Zinc Oxide 45 % No. 10. Barytes i • 10% Corroded White Lead 50 % > V c c HH Zinc Oxide 50 % No. 17. 100% Corroded White Lead • 45 % No. 11. Zinc Oxide 40 % Corroded White Lead 40% Silica 15% Zinc Oxide 60% 100% 100% No. 18. No. 12. Corroded White Lead 45 % Corroded White Lead 3 °% Zinc Oxide 40% Zinc Oxide 70 % Asbestine 15% 100% 100% No. 13. No. 19. Corroded White Lead 45 % Corroded White Lead 45 % Zinc Oxide 45 % Zinc Oxide 40% Silica 10% Barytes 15% 100% 100% No. 14. No. 20. Corroded White Lead 45 % Sublimed White Lead 45 % Zinc Oxide 45% Zinc Oxide 40% Asbestine 10% Silica 15% 100% 100% •Corroded White Lead is the Basic Carbonate of Lead. Sublimed White Lead is the Basic Sulfate of Lead No. 21. Sublimed White Lead 45% Zinc Oxide 40% Asbestine 15% 100% No. 22. Sublimed White Lead 45% Zinc Oxide 40% Barytes 15% 100% No. 23. Zinc Oxide 90% Calcium Carbonate 10% 100% No. 24. Sublimed White Lead 40% Zinc Oxide 45 % Calcium Carbonate 15% 100% No. 25. Corroded White Lead 35% Zinc Oxide 50 % Silica 15% 100% No. 26. Corroded White Lead 20% Sublimed White Lead 30% Zinc Oxide 40% Asbestine 10% 100% Formula No. No. 27. Corroded White Lead 20% Sublimed White Lead 20% Zinc Oxide 40% Barytes 10% Asbestine 10% 100% No. 28. Corroded White Lead 20% Sublimed White Lead 20% Zinc Oxide 40 % Calcium Carbonate 10% Silica 10% 100% No. 29. Sublimed White Lead 20% Corroded White Lead 20% Zinc Oxide 30 % Barytes 10% Asbestine 10% Calcium Carbonate 10% 100% No. 30. Corroded White Lead 33 % Zinc Oxide 33 % Barytes 33 % 99 % No. 31. Corroded White Lead 45 % Zinc Oxide 45 % Asbestine 5 % Calcium Carbonate 5 % 100% 32— Same as No. 31 but thinned with wood turpentine No. 1. 33— Same as No. 31 but thinned with wood turpentine No. 2. 34— Same as No. 31 but thinned with wood turpentine No. 3. 35— Same as No. 31 but thinned with wood turpentine No. 4. 36— Same as No. 31 but thinned with wood turpentine No. 5. 37— Same as No. 31 but thinned with high-boiling-point petroleum spirits (turpentine substitute). 38— Same as No. 31 but ground in 50% Raw Linseed Oil, 50% Soya Bean Oil. 39— Same as No. 31 but ground in 50% Raw Linseed Oil, 50% Corn Oil. 40— Same as No. 31 but ground in 50% Raw Linseed Oil, 50% Cotton Seed Oil. 41— Same as No. 31 but ground in 50% Raw Linseed Oil, 50% Rosin Oil. 42— Same as No. 31 but ground in 50% Raw Linseed Oil, 50% Pine Oil.