V \ i ■:'/ In ^j\ •^^ '..vV !•; ..J* -z . many Perfons who are daily concerned in the praftical Part of that Branch, that I was doubtful how it might be received. 1 thought. Variety ««f^ No- velty (theprefent reigning Tafte) might be wanting tofupport it, which in- timidated me from the Purfuit of it. . , r- 1 The Second was, that to fo few Perfons, refding in the Country, that are capable of Defigning, fomcthing of this Nature might be acceptable, I hoped, at leajl, for Succcfs to it : And I have earnejlly endeavcured to render it ufeful in the Appropriation, and intelligible to every Capacity. Another was, "That moft who have wrote on this SubjeSl, have raifed no- thing but Palaces, glaring in Decoration and Drefs ; while the Cottage, or plain little Villa, are paffed by unregarded. Gaiety, Magnificence, the rude Gothic, or the Chinefe unmeaning Stile, are the Study of our modern Architects ; while Grecian and Roman Purity and Simplicity, are ne^ gleBed. ^ „ • As an Admirer of thofe laft mentioned, I place myfelf and my Jollowing Defigns, before you. I have chofe to copy the harmonious Dictates which Nature 'and Science teach ; preferring Plainnefs and Utility, to Gaiety a7id Ornament ; thofe 1 leave to their Votaries : If I have any where attempted to introduce them, it was merely to [hew where they niight be placed ; and there / have been always very fparing. I think a Building, well proportioned, without Drefs, will ever pleafe ; as a plain Coat may ft as graceful, and eafy, on a well-proportioned Man ; —it will not alter the Agreeablenefs of either : But if you will be lavijh in Ornament, your Strufture will look rather like a pop, with a Superfluity of gaudy Tinfel, than a real Decoration. PREFACE. There are fome few Things, in the Profecution of this Undertaking, ijohich may be necejjary for me to explain. 1 have not figured the Magnitude oj any Room, the Thicknefs of any Wall, the Height or Breadth of any Door or Window, Drcfs or Ornament whatever: If I had, fuch Figuri?ig, in fo f mall DtAwingS; would make the Plans unintelligible : And to fupply that feeming DefeSl, I have, to each Defign, annexed a Scale o/" Feet, whereby a Knowledge of thofe Things may be eafily obtained by a Pair cf Dividers ; and if the U/e of a Scale is not known by a Reader, the gene- ral ConjlruBion of the Whole will be very little under jlood by thctn ; and for fuch as do, they will be the better able to calculate the Parts, and fee farther into the Ufes and Convenience of the whole Building. In the 7iext Place, as mofl of thefe Defigns are drawn to a fmall Scale, I have not introduced an Ionic or Corinthian Cornice : According to the Propriety of the Order, I thought it necejjary, if I kept only jlriB to the general Proportion ; 7ior am I foUcitcus in thefe, or fuch minute Drawings, to have a Modilion, or Dentel, or either ; for it muft. be, in this Cafe, un- derftood, that the Reader, as well as myfelf knows the particular Members ; for which Reafon, I did not think it abfolutely necejjary, to be at the Trouble to delineate them. Another Thing may be imputed to NegleB : I have not fet down the Ufes <7;?^ Diftribution of the Apartments of any Strudlurcj becaufe every different Room may be, by every new Inhabitant, converted to a different Ufe, fo that what an Architeft may defign for a Parlour, may, by another, be metamor- phofed into a Bedchamber ; a Stable I have known changed i?ito a Kitchen ; and many other Apartments to have underwent as tnany Tranfmutations as are reprefented in Ovid. / hope minute Improprieties will 7iot be imputed to an indolent NegleB ; if in general, I have given fuch Ideas oJ my Intention as are intelligible, let Half of what is wanting befuppofed owing to a cloje Attention to other Bu- finefs, and I will voluntarily take Ce7fure on myfelf for the other Half. Some few E)-rors in the Engraving, may have efcaped my Notice, but I believe they are of fuch a Nature, that they are pardonable. My general Def on fms been to introduce Convenience, Proportion rt«i Regularity, W///6 as much Variety as an EJfay of this Kind would admit. I have now, in this Preface, faid what I thought necejfary relating to my- felf; and to give fome Idea of the following Defigns, I Jhall, as a proper In- troduSlion to the Work, attempt fome Remarks and Obfervations, which may be conducive to illuflrate the SubjeSl, and to render it both inftrudtive and en- tertaining, ajidin which the Beauty and Simplicity of Defigning, fall be v.orc particularly confdered by Robert Morris. jfy^ ^j v-m. .'*^ J^^ *Jv^ •-'VV* tW. v-Vl- JV^ i/V\^ t/cV. II ^-tn- ll Jt\. ..'VV- VVU "-^ *'v\# t'lA- *^\^ ..TA. */&« *^ *>V^. n4v* vv^ 'Vi/' ''^S.'^ '^'3^ 'vy' "^-iV* 'W' 'W' ""jv^ "W* nA'' 'I "Vi/" [I "w 'wv nii" ••..'v '^v-r/' Vv" ">*/' "•*" 'vv niy "vw" INTRODUCTION. f G ^ HE Scietice I am treating on, is made univerflil tJirough Ncceflity : ^ It fprung from Diftrefs, and Utility was the View of the Defigncr. In the firft Ages of the World, its Extent was from the Tcrnd to the Frigid Zone. In the burning Sands of Lybia, and Greenland's icv Banks, its Veftigia may be traced ; and in every Struilure, in every Cli- mate, Nature has dictated the Architedt to the Difpofal of it, for Ufe and Convenience : Drefs and Decoration, were the Refinements of a long Series of Ages, the Improvements of Greece, and afterwards the Source of Roman Greatnefs. Vitrwvlus, in his firft Chapter, Book II. fays, Men, in primitive Times, were born in Woods, or Caverns of the Earth, like the Brute Creation ; and with them had one favage Nutriment. Neceffity led them into a natural AfTociation : They aflembled by Signs ; and by different Sounds from their Mouths, they found they lignified certain Things j from thence with Difficulty they formed Words and Speech. Thus affembling and converfing together, mutual Wants, mutual In- terefls and Prefervation, led them to dwell in the fame Place. They had different Difpofitions of Mind, that Nature had not given to other Ani- fnals, capable of forming an Idea of what was beautiful and magnifi- cent in the Univerfe; and of performing with their Hands and Fingers, what the Reft of animated Beings were deprived of. They were natu- rally docile, and fufceptible of Imitation : The Inclemencies of the Climes and Seafons, led them, in each, to preferve Warmth in the colder Regions, and Coolnefs in the more intemperate Heat, They began to ereft their Dwellings with Branches of Trees, and with Mofs and Turf j they inclofed the Work with Leaves of Trees, and Reeds on them: They covered the Turf to defend themfel'.es from the Sun and Rain; but by Experience they found this Covering was not fufficient againft the Inclemency of the Winter : They raifcd the Roofs proportioned to the Climate, that the Snow, or P^ain, might cafily flide oiF, and not penetrate through the lower Covering. The firft Buildings were made in this Manner ; and it is eafy to judge by tholu we fee now, that the Manner and fame Materials are u^ed in Frann and Spain, and in Aquitain, their Houfes are covered with Turf ('this was in the Time of Vitrnvius ; and he farther fays in the King- dom of Chii'cbis, there is found vaft Quantity of Wood. They made their Plan a Circle -, their Rafters were Boughs of Trees, which they placed equidiflant I N r R D U C r 1 ON. equidiftant at Foot, meeting in one Point at Top ; thefe they cover with Mofsand Turf; and with Reeds, or fuch fmooth Covering, they finifti the Out-fide : Others made their Plan fquare, and in that Form high enough to ftand upright without being incommoded ; and on that fquare Part thev placed a Roof, and covered it in the fame Manner. The Plrygians, which inhabited a Country where there were no Forefts to furnifli them with Wood to build, found little Hillocks naturally raifed ; to thefe they made a Path to enter into it at the Foot of the Hillock, and as large as the Place would admit; over this they put fmall Pieces of Wood, covered them with Reeds and Loom, and on this, when dry, they raifed a Mount of Earth, covering it with Turf : This made their Habi- tations warm in Winter, and cool in Summer; and as Countries and Cli- mates differ in Temperature, and Produce of Materials, Nature points out a Path in each for Defence againfi: the Inclemencies of Seafons, and other Self-Prefervation. From all which Vitruvius concludes, it is fufii- cient to judge, what have been the Buildings of the Antients. I muft obferve here, that an Idea may be eafily formed of what J'i- truvius aflerts, if we compare with them thoufands of Miidivnil, and "Thatched Buildings. In England and IVaks, we fee Hufs and Cottages buHt in the fame Manner, juft as if the Inhabitants had newly flarted into Being, and were led by hiature and bieceffity, to form a Fabric, for their own Prefervation, from the Inclemencies of the Seafon, or other more prevalent Motive. I have feen many, whofe Afpeft and Compofition are as fimple and mean, as thofe defcribed by Vitnrcius. He obferves, that as Nature has furnifhed us with all Sorts of Material's, they are only cultivated by the Practice of the Art of Building; that they are brought to high Perfedion with the Help of other Arts, which in- clude the Neceffity oiOmament and Decoration for the Delicacies of Life ; and in which this Essay on the Primitive State of Building will natu- rally lead me to confider the Convenience, Proportion, and Regularity^ as we'll as the Purity and Simplicity of Dcfigning. Every Grjt" and Hut was made to anfwer feme End, ard fuch Srrudure would be every where alike convenient, were the Climate and the In- habitant alite circumflanced ; but Encreafc of Families encreafed the V\''ants and cnlarcred the Boundaries : From the Hut arofe the Cottage ; the Pl.its they cultivated were extended, and new Interefts rendered it ncceflary to form Societies, to make Laws, &c. by which they fubjeifled tbiCmfelves to be ooverned. The wilefi: and beft who formed them, were chofe to diredl and ru'e their little States in their Infancy. Their Dwell- i'lgs were enlarged for them, and their Attendants, and frcrn thence arofe rew Extenfions, new Wan's of Convenience, &c. as the Nature of the Inhabitant, Law giver, or Dependents required. Convenience, INTRODUCTION. Convenience, z« this Light, was not all : Another Sort, perhaps the mofl neceflary, was, proper Choice of Situation. Wifely they con fulted Nature; none willingly expofed their Habitati ns to bleak and tempciluoin Winds ; to the Inclemency of the Seafons without natural or acquired Shelter and Shade; and with this was placed the eafily attainable Neceffaries to ffib- fiflon. Food, Fuel and Water, were abfolutely convenient, and Things of the higheft Importance in Life; without either, Man would he inca- pable of preferving himfelf or Domefticks : They are the chief Ingre- dients to accommodate fecial Beings. Raiment might, perhaps, with more Facilitv be obtained ; but without thefe, the Chain that holds to- gether Societies would be broke. Vitnmius, in the Preface to his fecond Book, tells us, that " Dinccrafes, a Great Genius, went in Difguife, where Akxandtr was fitting on his Throne to diflribute JuRice, (hn Drcjsiuasa Lion's Skinthrci^n ever him like a Ma7itle, &c. libich is particularly dtfcrihcd by Vitruvius.) The No- velty of the Figure he made, furprized Alexander ; who demanded what he was ? He anfwered, I am the Macedonia?! ArchitcB, Dinocrates. I have brought Alexander Ideas and Defigns worthy his Dignity ; I have made Mount Atbosin the Form of a Man, who holds in his Left-Hand, a great City ; in his Right, a Bafon which receives the Waters of all the Rivers that fall from this Mour.tain to the Sea'' •' Alexander, pleafed with the Invention, aflced him, if he had any Country round chis City to fupply it with Fuel, Herbage, or other Nu- triment, to fubfift the Inhabitants ; and finding there could be none, but muft be brought fome Diftance by Sea, he told Dinocrates, I approve the Beauty and Magnificence of your Defign ; but to eftabliHi a Colony in the Place you propofe muft be impradlicable j and though I commend its Grandeur, I muft diflike the Place you have chofen to execute it in." " Some Time after, Alexander difcovered a Fort, which had a fine Harbour, an Accefs to it eafy, environed with a fertile Country, and which had the fineft of all the Produdions of the great ^'wQxNihis. Here he commanded Dinocrates to build a City, and which he called, after his own Name, Alexandria." I have tranfiated this Palliige, to fhcw, that proper Choice of Situa- tion, from a City to a Cottage, will be in Proportion to the Wants and Conveniences required in either : In both, Wa^er, Fuel, Food, &c. the great Ingredients neceflary for Society, muft be eafily obtained, and alio the Plenty and Value fliould be regarded. Convenience thus confidered, in Point of the Difpofition of the Apartments, and a juft Appropriation to the Wants and Ufes required, and alio a proper Situation whereon to eredl the Fabric, and where every B 2 neceflTary I N r R O D u c r I N. neceflary Suftenance is circumftanced, as I obferved ; the next Point in viewwill be Proportion; and this muft alfo be underftood in two Lights. The firft is, the tialwol Proportion to adjufl: and difpofe the Plan to the Ufe of the Inhabitants, not to croud the Apartments with a numerous Throng, nor make lb much Room for the Attendants, as not to be within Sight or Call, of their fcveral refpedlive Attendances; both which Ex- treams are carefully to be avoided. Ufelefs and empty Rooms are fo many additional Incumbrances in a Stru'flure, and equally blameable as having too little, and in all which they are to be proportioned to the Dignity of the principal Inhabitant. The Parts fliould be fo difpofed, that, from the higheft Station, in thofe little Communities, all the fubfervient Apartments fhould be joined by an eafy Gradation, that every Link in the Concate- nation fl:iould be juflly regulated; and in this Light I would be under- flood, that they could no where elfe be fo well placed. As in Hiilory Painting, one principal Figure poffeffeth the fuperior Light, the fore Ground and Eminence ofthe Piece, and the fubordinate Figures are placed Part in Sight, Part in Groups and Shade for Contraft, and keeping in the Dfcfign ; fo in Building, all the fubfervient Offices fliould terminate by gradual Progreflloii in Utility and Situation. The other /itnple Proportion, is with Regard to Geometrical and Ht?;-- OTC7?/t- Magnitude; and thefe refpeft chiefly, iJ'-VW/v, well regulated : There are certain Proportions in Building which aftedl the Mind through the Eye, as well as Muiic does through the Ear, and the injudicious in both will (in juft Proportion) tell you they are pleafed ; but perhaps can aflign no Reafon why they are. The Caufes are equal in both : A Jarring and Difcord in Mufic immediately offends the Ear ; a difproportionate Building dilpleafes the Eye : Proportion in To}ie and Magnitude are the Caufe. In my LeBures on ArchiteBure, publiflied in 1736, on the Har- nionic znA Arithmetical Proportions in Building, I faid all I then thought necefiary on them, and to which at prefent I have nothing farther to add. Regularity is the next eflential Ingredient necefiary in Building : Uniformity of Parts juftly proportioned, and appropriated, will, as I ob- ferved before, ftrike or affed: the Mind, and this arifes from a proper Arrangement ofthe feparate Divifions in the Fabric, vv'hich, as in Mufic, compofc the whole: One Part fliould fit and anfwer to ancher, as Notes and Tones in Mufic, othervvife Difcord will enfue ; the difi^erent Parts muft anfwer in Drefs and Proportion; a Samenefs of Ornament, or Plain- nefs fliould run through the Range, and be adapted to the Ufes of the Fabric or the Dignity of the Inhabitant; but even in this, Profufenefs of Ornament, efpecially external, is carefully to be avoided. Time foon feeds INTRODUCTION. feeds upon Dainties of that Kind; Fertoons of Fruits and Flowers are his delicious Repaft. The once magnificent Fabrics of Marble, Greece and Rome, have been Time's Banquet ; they foon felt the deftrudlive Wafte, and even the more plain zvxAjimpk Ornaments are long fince crumbled into Dull:. In the preceding general Obfervations, I have, as concifely as I could, fliewn in what the Convenience, Proportion, and Regularity of the Strudure confifts, and though no abfolute ftated Rules can be afcertained ; yet, in general, it may give fuch an Idea of the Ufefulnefs of adhering to them in Defigning, and the Pradtice of ArchiteSliire, that they require no far- ther Explanation. The Groundwork of the Whole arifes from the Beauty or Purity, and Simplicity, of Defigning : '^y Purity, I mean, free from being corrupted, Exadnefs, and Unmixednefs ; and by Simplicity, Plainnefs, and without Difguife. Thefe come next under my Confideration : Purity, as it relates to Architedure, is to be underftood as it was in its original State, when the Art was perfeded ; and I think this may be traced, and proved to have exifi:ed in Perfedion in Greece, above two thoufand Years fince, and long before the Building of Rome. Pliny, in Lib. xxxvi. Chap. 4. fays " That two hundred Years before the Defirudion of Troy, a School was founded at Athens, for the Inftruc- tion and Encouragement of Archite5ls, about A. M. 2600." Diodorus, in his 4th Book, fays " That Dedolus fled from Crete to- Sicily, to fave himfelf from the Anger of Minos, and was there received, by GoJiJhles, King of that liland, whom he intruded in the firfl Prin- ciples of ArcbiteSiure, about A. M. 2645." Plutarch itWs us, in his Life of Pericles, " That he was one of the greatefi: Lovers of ArchiteSiure among \\\QGrccians, and was fo careful in the Edifices which he caufed to be built at Athens, that at the Time of Trajan, wherein Plutarch wrote, they feemed to be as newly done." And Pliny, Lib. xxxvi. Chap. 6. fays, " The Excellency of the Grecian Arcbitt5lure was fo great, that Scylla caufed the Columns of the Temple oi "Jupiter Olympus, built at Athens, to be taken away to adorn the Temple of Jupiter Capitclinus at Rome. I hope the Reader will pardon this hifi:orical Digreflion. I have been more particular in it, to fiiew, that it was in Perfedion in Greece long before the Building of i?5/;;t', and four hundred and fixty Years before the Time of MarceJlus; and then the Romans had not a true Relifli or Tafle of ArchiteBure, till he conquered Sicily, from whence he brought the Art in Perfedion to Rome. From the Time of Marcellus to this Hour, I do not find a fingle Beauty has been, or could be, added to the three Greek Orders, nor a Decoration to heigh teu I N r R D u c r I o j\\ heighten or perfedl either. The Ro}nai:s indeed, added two other, which I wirti were namelels, Orders : The 'Tufcan^ fankintoDulnefs and Heavinefs in Compofition, and indeed not greatly unlike the Doric Order, except in the Want of Neatnefs, Proportion^ and Beauty : The other is the Roman, ox Ccmpojitc Order, confifting of a Redundancy of Mouldings, and the Capital fo mafly to the Corinthian, that itdeferves noComparifon with it. J have now fliewn the Purity and Perfeftion of theGrm^w ArchiteSiure, which Vitruvius2in& other great Geniufes pradifed in Rome, and tranfmit- ted down to us, through all the Impediments of Novelty and Barba- rity, through the Devaluations of Gctlic Wildnefs, and which frill ihines luperior in Beauty and Excellence, to every other chimerical Innovation. It is this Purity I would recommend the Practice of to all concerned in the Study of Architedture. Let them diveftthemfelves of Prejudice, and tell me if they ever have {cen a Compofition of ArchiteBure fo graceful and pleafingas the Doric znd Ionic Orders; or fo beautifully perfedl in Proportion and Ornament as the Corinthian. Redundancy of Members, Ornament, and Drefs, are the Produdlions of unthinking Geniufes. Undecorated Plainnefs (as I ohferved in my Preface) in a well proportioned Building, will ever pleafe. Study Nature and the Grecian ArchiteSlure, and you will be fure fo to improv'e, as fel- dom to fail of Succefs. If you trace t.\\Q pure and ch^ar Mirror up to Vitru- vius, you will find every Grace znd Beauty fliine forth in Perfedtion, and where any of the Orders are not introduced in Defigning, 1 recommend the lail Ingredient. Sijnplicity, Plainnc/s and Neatnejs, with ]i}{\. Propor- tion, is now all that is neceflary to be underftood by the Deiigner, when that is in view, rather appropriating the Strudlure to U/e and Convenience, than to Shtiv and Ornament. That I mav not be mifunderflood in my Application of the Term Simplicity, that the Defigner is wholly to be reflridled to an univerfal Plainnefs, I mull beg Leave to obferve, that Decoration, is, in fome Meafure, a juft Eflential to Beauty ; but the great End of Appropriation terminates in Convenience: Your Strudlure muft anfwer the End for which it was eredted, and the Ornament be fuited to the Dignity of the Inhabitant; but allfuch additional Embellifli- ments fhould be rather the Intent of internal than external Gaiety. The Fancy of a young Defigner may flow into Luxuriancy ; the Starts and Sallies of an umeftridled Genius may inadvertently lofe Sight of Na- ture; as when the Portal to a Prifon maybe of the Corinthian, and that of a Palace be the Tufcan Order. Feftoons of Fruit and Flowers have been the Wildnefs of Fancy in a Seat near the Sea; and a Pavillion in a Flower- Garden has been gronp'd with Variety of F'th, &c. In fliort, unnatural Produdlions are the Things 1 would mark out for avoiding in Defign, fo astomake the Reverfc more to befludied,and every Strudlure, to whatever End INTRODUCTION. End ralfed, to be confidered as to its Ufe, Situation and Froportion ; and to make Art fit and tally with Nature in the Execution, fo that they may be equally fubfervient to each other. But, before a Perfon begins to build, it is highly neceflary he fliould nearly know the Expence of the Strubture ; but often, through the Igno- rance, or Defign, of the EJiimator, it exceeds double, fometimes treble, the Sum eftimated, and perhaps the Builder, when the Cortex or Shell only is covered in, finds himfelf incapable of finifhing. Sometimes the Burden more juftly falls on the Eflimator, who contracts to perform the Work for a Quarter lefs than the Value ; but in both Cafes the EJiimator is equally blameable : If they are not capacitated to do it, let them employ People of Genius and Experience, and I dare affirm an infinite Number of Blunders, &c. of this Kind would be prevented. Fz/r^fiw/^j, in the firft Sedtion, Book lo, fays, " Thzta.t Ephefus, one of the greatell and mofl: celebrated Cities oi Greece, there was formerly a very fevere butjuflLaw, by which Architects, who undertook to lurvey a public Work, was obliged to declare what it would coil, and to do the Work for the Price they demanded, and obliged themfelves by Bond of what they were worth. When the Work was done, they were rewarded with public Honour, if the Expcncc was as reported : If it did not amount by a Quarter Part of the Report, the Surplus was to be expended in pub- lic Works ; but if it exceeded wor^ than a Fourth of the Eflimate, that Excefs v.'as to be furniflied by the Archite5i!' " He fays alfo, it is to be wiflied, that at Rome fome fach Rules for Buildings,^efpecially/'//Mc, were eflabliOied : This would impeach an in- finite Number of ignorant, and unpuniflied Pretenders to ArcbiteSlure ; they would be prevented from running People to unknown, and unne- ceffary Expences, for Fear of the Penalty of the Law,-and fromdifiembling or concealing the Expences neceflary to compleating the Work ; and by this means thofe who would expend 400 Crowns ithat v/as in the Time of Viirirjius) would have the Pleafure of feeing the Work perfedted ;, but when they find in the Execution, that Sum is only half of what is fufticient, or what they refolved to lay out, they lofe Courage, and are often cenflrained to abandon the Work they have undertaken." I have only to add, that I join with J-'itriroius in wiQiing fome lucli Law was in Force in England. I have run this Introdudlion to a greater Length than I at firfl intended 1 ftall therefore no longer detain you from the Work. As Tafle varies and is as different in each Man as Features and Co7nplcxion, I have, by my Specimens exhibited before the Publication, experienced that Change: Every one almofl: differed in th.eir Sentiments, even to the Appropriation and Ufe of the D(f:gn. With Attention I heard them, fometimes altered 3.. 1 lat^ INrRODUCriON. a Plate, till Rcafon and Neceflity forced me to reply, with Pope in his Effay on Critictfm, " 'Tis hard to fay, if greater Want of Skill " Appear in writing, or in judging ill : " But, of the two, lefs dang'rous is th' Offence " To tire our Patience, than nv.ilead our Senfe. " Some few in that, but Numberb err in this; " Ten cenfure wrong, for one who writes amifs. " 'Tis with our Judgment, as our Watches, none " Go juft alike, yet each believes his own." I fubmit the Performance to General and Impartial Judges, nor do I wifh it longer to exift, than thofe are pleafed to approve it. R. Morris. C I ) A N EXPLANATION O F T H E PLATES &fc. A Plate I. A LITTLE plain Building 30 Feet in Front, 30 Feet in Depth, and 30 Feet high, to the Top of the Cornice, from Outfide to Oucfide of the Walls on the Plan. — The Parlour and Chamber- floors 9 Feet 6 Inches high, and the Attick Story 8 Feet high ; the other Proportions (_as in all the reft of the Plates,) may be found by the Scale annex- ed thereto. This Building may be executed for the Sum of 324/. Plate II. The Square of the Building contains in Front 64 Feet, and c^G Feet in Depth, and the Front and Buck Break for Part of the Odtagon, 12 Feet each. — The Parlour-floor is 14 Feet, and the Chamber-floor 12 Feet high. — A Gallery goes all round the middle Room, on the Chamber-floor, to communicate privately with each Room and the Staircafes. — A Colonade might be added in the Middle, leading from the Staircafes to Offices on each Side the Houfe, if required. This Building may be done in a good Manner for the Sum of 2860/. Plate TIL A Building propofed to be eredlcd on the South Downs in Sufjex. — The 2 Fronts alike, one facing the Sea, the other enclofed with a Garden, and to the Downs; it was propofed for a Angle Gentleman. — The Extent of the Houfe, Court, and OfH- ces are 160 Feet. To execute this Building in a workmanlike Manner it will amount to the Sum of 680/. Plate IV. A Seat for a Garden propofed for Retirement. " Where purling Rills, and Aromatick Sweets, " In unfrequented Gloom, difFufive fpread, " And met a mingled Wildernefs of Flowers: " The Violet, Junquil, and Blujhing-Rofe. *' Delicious Fragrance ! Beauties to chear the Eye^ " Of various Texture, and a thoufand Hue's, " And Shades, and mazy Walks unknown to Fame. The Expence of this Seat will amount to 24/. Platz ( 2 ) Plate V. A Seat 60 Feet in Front, 51 Feet deep, lower Offices 7 Feet 6 Inches high. Principal Floor 11 Feet, and Chamber-Story 9 Feet high. — Offices contiguous thereto mud be fuppofed proportioned, and convenient to the Dignity of the Inhabitant. To finifli this Building according to this Defign it will amount to the Sum of 2172/. Plates VI. and VII. A Plan and Elevation of the Corinthian Order, extends 138 Feet, the lower Offices are propofed 9 Feet, the principal Floor 1 7 Feet, and the At- tick Story 1 1 Feet high each, in the Clear. The Coft of this Building, according to this Defign, will amount to the Sum of 533 1 /. 5 J. Plate VIII. Jn Adytum, 12 Feet Diameter. This Plate, to the facetious Mr. Da- niel Garrett, Architect, is dedicated. The Ufe of thefe Retreats in ancient Times, are now generally known, my Friend above-mentioned, upon feeing fome Specimens of this Work, waspleafed jocofeiy to intimate, that my Title Rural Architecture, was not juftly appropriated, becaufe I had not any where introduced any Trees. — His kind Hint led me to iorm this little SanSItim SanSiorum for him, — I have enclofed it on 3 Sides, with Shrubs and Ever-Creens, to fuit it for a Retirement in a calm Summer Evening, where diverted of Care, and the agonizing Pains of tlie Gout, and of all other real and imaginary Maladies, with a few feleftcd Friends, may he enjoy all the Happinefs and i ranquihty, that they or himfelf can wifli to poflers. Homo fum, humani tiibil a me alienuni puto. This Seat may be built for the Sum of y^l. Plates IX. and X. A Plan and Profile of a little Garden-Houfe, fuppofed to com" mand fome beautitul Profpecl from the Top. — The principal Room is 30 Feet long' by 20 [ eet wide, and 18 Feet high. The back Rooms, only 11 Feet high, with an Attick over them 7 Feet 6 Inches high •, and the Staircafe leading to the Turret. — The Drtfs is plain and fimple, and only the proper Decoration of the Order, and Situation of the Strudlure. To compleat this Building according to this Defign, will amount to 6oyl. 10 s. Plate XI. A plain Structure, the Body of the Houfe is 70 Feet fquare, the Par- lour-floor 14 Feet high. Chamber 12 Feet, and Attick Story 9 Feet high ; the Colo- nade of the lonick Order extends on each Side 50 Feet, and the Kitchen, and Stable- Buildings, beyond, are in Front each 30 Feet, making in the whole Range 230 Feet. The Coft of this Building with its Offices and Colonades amounts to the Sum of 2953 /. 16 s. Plate XII. A Pavillion intended to terminate the Boundaries of a Garden, on an Eminence-, where an agreeable Profpeft may be had round the Horizon. The inter- nal Part is an Oflagon 24 Feet Diameter, and 15 Feet high, and the 2 Side Parts 10 Feet fquare, and coved. 1 made fo many Windows in it, for the more eafy obtaining a Variety of Views. This may be built for the Sum ol 352/. 16/. Plate XIII. A Plan and Profile of a little Houfe, 40 Feet fquare from Out to Out; lower Offices are to be fuppofed, and 7 Feet and half high, and the Height of the Parlour and Chamber-floor, each 13 Feet. Convenient Out-houfcs may be added, proportiont-d to the Ufes of a fmall Family, for which this was defigned. The Coll of this Buiidin" will amount to the Sum of 880 /. o Plates XIV. and XV. A Garden-Seat, or additional Room to a Building, where a Communication might be had to it, on the Chimney Side next the Venetian Window, or to be placed at the End of an Avenue in a Garden, either for Profpeft to diftant Ob- jeds, or as an Objeft to be viewed from a Diftance. The Room is propofed to be 24. Feet fquare, and 20 Feet high; the Columns of the Portico are 2 Feet Diameter, and 10 (3) - 10 Diameters high. To finiili this Building, according to the Defign, it will amount to 660/. Plate XVI. Confifts of a Plan and Profile of a Building, the central Part of which is ^^ Feet in Front, on each Side of it, an Arcade 30 Feet in Length, and at each End of thofe, are Offices 32 Feet each in Front, the whole Length extending 179 Feet. The Parlour-Story is 12 Feet, the Chamber 9 Feet, and the Attick-Story 8 Feet high in the Clear. The whole Coft of this Houfe and Offices will amount to the Sum of 1369/. Plate XVII. A Room intended for a Cold Bath, the middle Part is 27 Feet long, 20 Feet broad, and 20 Feet high in the Clear. The 2 Sides are 12 Feet by 9 and 12 Feet high, and groyned on the top Part. This Building will amount to the Sum of Plate XVIII. This Plan of the principal Floor,and Profile of the Corinthian Order, is defigned for a Villa, having each Front open — The principal Front and oppofite are alike, and extend each 100 Feet, the Depth is 1 10 Feet, and the oppofite Front the fame. I propofe the principal Approaches to the 2 principal Fronts, by large Avenues afcending thereto, and the proper Offices laying enciofed on each Side the two oppofite Avenues enciofed by a circular Colonade, infcribing the Breadth of the two principal Fronts. The lower Offices are 9 Feet high, the principal Floor 18 Feet, and the At- tick Story 1 1 Feet high, each in the Clear. The whole Expence of this Building ac- cording to this Defign amounts to 9400 /. Plate XIX. A little Seat, or refting Place at the End of a Walk or Avenue, or to terminate a View, or hide fome difagreeable Objedt. — It is merely the Child of Fancy, and may be defl:ined to what Ufe the judicious Reader Ihall think mofl proper. This Seat may be Built for 30/. Plate XX. A Plan and Profileof a plain Seat, with the Offices, which extend 256 Feet. — The middle Part, or Body of the Houfr, is 70 Feet, the Paflagesand Offices on each Side between the Stables, is^c. are 73 Feet each, and the Stable, and Brew-houle Buildings, each 20 Feet, — The Depth oF the middle Part of the Houfe is 52 Feet, — the Parlour floor 12 Feet, Chamber 10 Feet, and Attick Story 8 Feet high. I pro- pofe the Kitchen to go through 2 Stories, and will be twenty Feet high. To execute this Building in a well finilh'd Manner it will amount to the Sum of 3757 /. 10 .f- Plate XXI. A twin Brother to Plate 19, and teemed at one Birth ^ its Utility, (however illuminated^ may be the fame or fubfervient in many Ufes; I have confidered only the Proportion, Uniformity of Parts, and Difpofition of the whole, leaving abler Judges to nominate its Ufe. I his may be built for 34/. Plates XXII. and XXIII. A Plan and Profile of the lonick Order, of a Villa, 220 Feet in Front, and 105 Feet in Depth, the Profiles are the Portico luppofed to the South, the other to the North Afpedf. — The lower Offices are 10 Feet, the principal Floor 16 Feet, and the Attick Story 9 Feet high in the Clear, the Hall is 40 Feet by 30, and 24 Feet high. — And the Saloon to the other Front, 50 Feet by 40, and the lame Height to the Cove, and coved above that a Quarter of that Fltight. The Tr/- bune, or Pajfa^e, or Veftible, between thefe Rooms, is the general Communicatlua to the Staircales on each Floor, which with the Fafiages are illuminated from each Court, on the Sides of the Stairs, the Convenience of which are more intelligibly defcribed by the Plan and Scale thereto annexed. To finilh this Building in a good Manner ac- cording to this Defign, it will amount to the Sum of 1640©/, B 2 Plate ( 4 ) Plate XXIV. This little Building I intended for a private cold Bath: An Oftagon of 12 Feet Diameter, and 12 Feet high, the Bottoms of the Niches to be about 3 Feet from the Floor, and about 2 Feet below the general Surface of the Water, propofed to be about 4. Feet or 4 Feet and a half high, the Recefles or external Niches to have a circular Seat at each End, Contiguous to this may be added, a Dreffing Room, ei- ther fcparated from, or joined to the Building, or may have a Communication to any Apartment of a Houfe, at the place where the Niche is, facing the Door-, if more Light is required, that may be eafily obtained. The Expence of this little Building will amount to 80 /. Plate XXV. A Seat 200 Feet in Front, — the principal Floor 20 Feet high and coved, — to the other Front, (which is feparated from the Principal, or Garden front by a middle Wall,) is 12 Feet high on the Principal Floor, and an Attick Story over it 8 Feet. So that no Rooms are propofed over the State Rooms. — The lower Offi- ces under the whole, to be 8 Feet high in the Clear,— and illuminated from both Fronts, that propofed the Principal or Garden-front to have no Windows, in the general View, but the lop of them, a little below the Surface of the Ground, and enciofed by a Curb funk as low as the Bottom of the Windows. — To the Apartments in the other Front, the Windows may appear 2 Feet above the Surface of the Ground, fuppofing the Ground of that Front to lie 2 Feet lower than the Principal. Offices fuitable to the Houfe, in Magnitude and Convenience, are to be properly adapted, and may be eafily added thereto, joined either by a Iquare or circular Colonade, or Arcades, on each Side to the Front oppofite to the principal, making the common Entrance to the Floufe at the Rooms at the Ends of the lower Offices. This Building may be finifb'd for the Sum of 5625/. Plate XXVI. The Offspring of Plate IV. theUfe and Compofition is homogenealj and flicw them analogous in the Form, but with a Variety in the little Parts of which it is compoled. This little Seat may be built for 20 /. Plates XXVII. and XXVIII. A Plan of the Principal Floor, and plain Profile of the Corinthian Order of a Seat 125 Feet in Front, and 50 Feet in Depth; the lower Offices are 8 Feet, the principal Story 16 Feet, and the Attick Story, 12 Feet high in the Clear. All the outer and fubordinate Offices are fuppofed only fuch as the Wants and natural Conveniences of the Inhabitants of fuch a Structure require; and fo difpof- ed of, as to have an cafy Communication, according to the feveral Subfcrviences, and Ufes to which they fhall be appropriated. — I fhall here make one general Obfervation for this, and all the other Deftgns^ where the Offices are fuppofed only, and not deline- ated, that the Smallnefs of the Plates render it impoffible to add, fo as to make them intelligible, without double or folding Plates, and allb, befides that Inconvenience, as the OiHces are only as the fubordinate Part of the Strudture, the Principal being fettled, little Difficulty will attend the defigning of them: Becaufe, it is to be always under- ftood, that there is Ground or Space enough for the Defigner to exercife his Fancy. The Cofl of this Building will amount to 4655/. Plate XXIX. This Plan and Profile is propofed for a Keeper's Lodge, or Garden Houfe, and to be placed in fome advantageous Situation, for commanding a View of the Park or Garden, from the Arcade. The inner Wall of the Arcade goes no higher than the Ground floor, fo that the Chambers will be fo much longer as the Thicknefs of that Wall, and the Breadth of the Arcade, when the Pafl^age and Arcade are included above; one of the Rooms will be 22 Feet fquare, the other 22 Feet by 15, — and the Chimneys, if required, be placed in the Centre of each Room, the Ground-fioor is 10 Feet, and the Chamber 9 Feet high. The Expence of this Building will amount to 560/. Feet ( 5 ) Plate XXX. The general Conflrudion of this Plan is formed from a Square of 45 Feet from cut to out, and the infcribing Part of 4 Oftagons, 22 Feet Diameter in the Clear; 3 Sides of each of thde Oftagons break beyond the fquare Part 7 Feet, the otiicr Sides forming 5 Spaces, each 8 Feet 6 Inches fquare, as is more particularly defcribed by the Plan. — The Profile is plain and fimple, — The Ground or Parlour is 13 Feet, and the Chambers 10 Feet high in the Clear, the middle Square or Veflible is illuminated in each Story from the Staircafe. — The Situation for this Strufture fhould be on an Emi- nence whofe Summit Ihould overlook a long extended Vale, and, if attainable, quite round the Horizon, fo that each Room is aneafy and quick Tranficion to lome new Ob- jeft, fuch a Spot would be habitable only a Part of the Year, Summer's extream Hear, and Winter's bleak and piercing Cold and Winds, would render it an uncomfortable or difagreeable Refidence ; nor is it indeed any way fuited but for a very fmall Family, and few Attendants, though Offices under the Ground, and a Fofs round the Houfe might be very cafily attained. This Houfe may be built for looo/. Plates XXXI. and XXXII. The Plan and Profile of the lonick Order, of an oftangular "Temple or Chapel, 60 Feet the outer Diameter, and the internal 40 Feet, and the outer Ifle 6 Feet wide, the internal Wall which fupports the Dome, I fuppofe the fame Thicknefs as theexternal, and the Arches or Openings in it i© Feet Diameter, and 20 Feet high ; from the 6 Windows, and thofe over them, and the Chancel End, there will be fufficient Tight : I do not propofe any Gallery, — from the Pavement with- in, to the Infide of the Roof 45 Feet high. — It has been objefted to, that the inner Part fliould have been a Circle in the Plan, and the Roof fpherica!, that the Sound ftriking in the Angles, will render it confufed, and reverberate from a Roof Odangular in the Plan, very unintelligible to the Audience ; but as the Angles are fmall, and nearly approaching to a Circle, I think the Objection of little Weight, however, I refer this nice Point to the judicious in Mujick and Sounds to explain, contenting myfelf with Pope'i Rcfleclion, in his ElTay on Criticii'm. •' Whoever thinks a faL.ltlefs Piece to fee, " Thinks what ne'er was, nor is, nor e'er fhall be." To execute this Building, according to this Defign, it will amount to 2561/. 16s. Plate XXXIII. A little Farm-Houfe, and convenient Out-houfes for a fmall Dai- ry ; the Parlour or Ground Floor in the fquare Part or Body of the Houfe is i i Feet high, and the Chamber- floor 9 Feet, the Rooms in the fcaline Building 9 Feet and half high, the Reft of the Building will be better explained by the Plan and Scale an- nexed. This Building with its Offices according to this Defign will amount to iioo/. Plates XXXIV. and XXXV. Half the Plan, and a Profile of one Side of a Town- Houfe, and Market-Houfe in the Form ofaCrofs, of the lonick Order, each Side regular and alike. The Extent from South to North, or from Eaft to Welf, is 12S Feet with a Piazza round the fame 9 Feet wide in the Clear, over which is an open Walk enclofed with a Balluftrade all round the Building on the Outfide. — The Room above is 98 Feet long, 32 Feet broad, and 20 Feet high, and including the Staircafe is the fame the other way •, — this Room may be divided by temporary Partitions for the Bufinefs of the Borough, Corporation, idc. And occafionally be enlarged for publick Utility,' the Diftribution of Juftice, Concerts, Aflemblies, i^c. — The Walk within the Arcade below is 17 Feet in Height; the Columns are of the lonick Order, 20 Inches Diameter, and 9 Diameters high, including the Bafe and Capitals. To build this, according to this Defign, will amount to 7530 /. Plate XXXVI. A Plan and Profile of a plain Villa, 66 Feet in Front, and 56 Feet deep, the lower Offices are 8 Feet high. Parlour-floor il Feet, and the Attick or Chamber over it 9 Feet high, the Communications to the lower Offices are by Steps down on the Outfide to the 2 Staircafes. This Building will amount to the Sum of 2220/. Platk ( 6 ) Plate XXXVII. A little Building intended for Retirement, or for a Study, to be placed in feme agreeable Part of a Park or Garden, the middle Part is 34 Feet in Front and 40 Feet in Depth, and the 2 Scaline Buildings 16 Feet 6 Inches each in Front, and 34 Feet deep. — The Principal or Ground Floor is 16 Feet 6 Inches high, and the Attick 10 Feet, theoppofite Front to that in the Plate is propofed to be with- out Drefs or Ornament, and a Door under the Stairs the common Communication. The whole Expence of this Building will amount to 1089/. Plate XXXVIII. A Green-Houfe ; — This Building has no Communication with the back Part marked ABC, lor that is only a Scalene or Lean-to, and the Top of the Roof to it comes under the Eves of the Green Houfe •, which is 63 Feet long, 18 Feet broid, and 18 Feet high. South Afpeft. — The Back or North Wall, has an Un- dulat'ujg or winding Funnel in it, 1 Foot high, and arched, and 9 Inches broad, and makes 3 Revolutions and Half in the Height of 1 8 Fett, and in the Center of the Build- ing, the Shaft rifes above or behind the Roof. — The Room A is a Stoke-Hole, and a Place for Feet or Tan, which opens into and ferves the Funnel, there is 18 Inches Thicknefs of Brickwork next the Scalene Building, and but 4 Inches in the Funnels next the Green-Houfe, that it may receive the greater Heat, but that all the Parts of the Wall may receive an equal Warmth, I propofe perpendicular Cavities 4 Inches fquare, and about 2 Feet and half Diftance from each other, to go through, and crofs the great Funnel, from the Floor to the Cieling, unlefs in the lower Bottom, for there the Soot, would lodge and foon fill. And in order to clean the great Funnel, at the Endsofeacii Revolution of the fame, I would work the Funnel through, and ftop it with an upright Joint 3 Bricks thick to take out when wanted, and by a Rake or luch Inftrument, might be cleaned from each End, and to keep the Smoke in the Funnels the longer, I would have a Tin or Iron Valve on a Curb at the Top of the Funnel, which the Smoke would eafily raife when too full: The Rooms B C a Bed-Chamber, ^d a Tool-Houfe forthe Gardener. — N. B. This Method 1 propofe for preferving ve- ry tender Plants native or exotick, which are often deftroyed through the Severity of fome Winter Seafons. — The Funnels of the Chimnies of the 2 Rooms, mull have no Communications with the undulating or winding Funnels, but muft have a Shaft fepa- rate from it, — as 1 have no where fcen thefe Things pradifcd, I only propofe it as a Scheme ; and reler it to the Opinion of Gardeners, or better Judges to put in Execution. This Building may be Iinini\l according to this Defign for 49 S /. Plate XXXIX A Building propofed to be eredcd on an Eminence, for which Reafon, I made the Parlour-floor only 10 Feet high, and the Chamber 9 Feet; the Building is 60 Feet in Front, and 40 Feet deep, and has nothing but its I'lainnefs to recommend it, for if the Pilajlers and Pediment were omitted, as in the other Front is propofed, the Compolition is fimple in the Extream. — The Offices lay on each Side the Houfe. The Communication to which is under the Staircafes, by a Colonade of the lonick Order, of 35 P^eet in Length, and the Difpofition of thofe Offices muft be fup- pofed adequate, and in Proportion and Utility to tn^ Convenience of the Inhabitants, The Cofl of this Building will amount to 2 100/. Plate XL. A Plan and Profile of a Bridge of Stone, the Water Way extending 132 Feet, the Stream is juppoied n.lvigable for fmall VeiTcls, the middle Arch is 35 Feet broad, and 25 Feet in Height from the Surface of the Water, at the common or general Height m irked A, excepting fuppofed Drought or Floods. B— The Surface of the Ground, about 5 Feet below the Surface of the Water. C — The Bottom or Bed of the Pier, about 5 Feet blow the Surface of the Ground. D D, &c. — The Plan of Half the Length of the Bridge, reprefcnting the Piers at the Surface of the Ground. E — Half of the upper Part or Way on the Bridge fcr Carriages, i^c. F F — A Way on each Side 4 P'eet Broad, with PoHs let for the Saiety of the Foot- Paflengtrs. ' O or Th" ( 7 ) g g — The Parapet Walls, or Breaft Work, which enclofe the Sides of the Bridge. As to the Method of erecting, or Building Bridges, you may confult the re- nowned, Monfieur Palapmce, Bridge-Builder to the two Kings of Brentford^ in that wonderful Puerile Treatife of his entitled, Remarks on the different ConfiruSiions of Bridges, &c. publifhed 1 749 -Meliora pii docuere Parentes. Hor. Plate XLT. A Bridge propofed for a River, whofe Water Way extends 226 Feet, the Piers to be of Stone, and the Superftrufture on the Piers propofed to be of Timber, one half of the Plan fhews the Piers above the Surface of the Ground, as the Plan in Plate XLi — and the other half, the Way on the Piers which in the middle Part is 36 Feet wide, and on the other Sides of it 30 Feet wide, the middle Part breaks 3 Feet on each Side for the Safety of PalTengers, and the eafier Paffage of the Carriages pafllng and repafTing, ^c. — The Reft of the Explanation, I refer you to the laft Plate for the Piers, (s'c. Or the Scale hereto annexed. Plates XLII. and XLIII. A Plan and Profile of a Building for a Garden or Sum- mer- Houfe, the Length each Way, between the Pilafters within fide, is 40 Feet, and the Breadth between the Pilafl:ers 1 7 Feet, and the Height to the Spring of the Dome 16 Feet, and the Dome within Side is a Semifphere of 18 Feet Diameter, which may beraifed from the under Side of the Cornice in the Room without Columns, they being placed there more for Ornament than Ufe. — It was defigned for an ornamental Termi- nation of a Walk, or for Profpedt, or an Evening's Repaft in a Garden, ^c. The Expence of this Building will amount to the Sum oi g^y I, 10 s. Plate XLIV. A Plan and plain Profile of a Market or Town-Houfe extending 7& Feet in Length, and 38 Feet in Breadth, in the middle Part, and from the Paving to the Top of the blocking Courfe 34 Feet high, the Room over it from the Stairs, to the dotted Line marked A, is 48 Feet in Length, 30 Feet wide, and 18 Feet high, and the remaining Length of the Room is 1 1 F~eet. — A Chimney is propofed to be in the Center above, and a blank Recefs on the Outfide to preferve the Uniformity. — The Room may ferve for various Purpofes in a Borough or Corporation-Town, for Mufick, Affemblies, isc. as well as the general Adminiftration of Juftice, i^c. This Building may be compleated according to this Defign for 1200 /. Plate XLV. A plain Church for a Village, 50 Feet long in the Clear, and 45 Feet wide in the broadcfl: Part, and from the Pavement to the Cieling 23 Feet high. — The Extent in Length, from the Outfide of the Tower to the End of the Chancel, is 80 Feet. — The Height of the fquare Part of the Tower from the Ground is 40 Feet, the Oflagon Part above is 15 Feet Diameter, and 18 Feet high to the Top of the Battle- ments, and the Spire 45 Feet above the Battlements. The Spire is propofed to be of Timber, and covered with Lead, the Pews will contain about 150 Perfons, for a Vil- lage a great Difl:ance from Town, where modern Hoops are not ufed, otherwife it would not eafily hold 50. The whole Expence of Building this Church will amount to the Sum of 1537/. Plate XLVI A plain Altar- Piece of the lonick Order, and fuitable to the preceed- ing Defign, the Pedeftal to the Order ferves alio, (by containing the Dado and Mould- ings round,) as a Table Ornaments of Fefi;oons •, and Carving might be added, but the pure Order without Decoration is more agreeable, and better appropriated to the Strudure, where a natural Simplicity has been endeavoured to be preferved from an Innundation of Drefs and Gaiety. This Altar-Piece may be built for 30 /. Plate XLVII. The Oddity of this Defign has a little puzzled me to determine its Name and Uies. 1 have ccnfulted a very grave JewiQi Rabbin, who informs me very little is wanting to make it a compleat Synagogue. An honeft plain-meaning Dcrvifs ( 8 ) Bervife commeiuls it, and vvifhes me to fend a Copy of it, (by him,) to Coriftantimpki as a Model for a Mofque. One zealous for the Propagation of his own Tenets, informs me, it is extremely well fuited for a Chapel, and its Conieflionals. A Puritan of modern Growth entreats me not to make any Alteration in it, tor it is the beft he could ever wifh to fee execut- ed to perform their Devotions in. I had the Curiofity to afk a young Surgeon, an ingenious Pupil of Mr. B — m—/d's, and he aflured me it would make an excellent private Diflefting-Room, and the adjoining Cells, as he calls them, a proper Repofitory tor their Inltruments, and other Apparatus, Uc. Mr. L- — gf — d infifts it is rhe compleateft he ever faw for an Aucl:ion-Room. My Friend Mr. S is of Opinion, that a fmall Alteration in 7 of the Entrances, by making the internal Opening 12 Feet wide, and converting the external Door of each into a Window, as at A A, would with proper Decorations, be a beautiful and compleat Building tor a Library- I can only fay my firit Intentions were to make it for a cold Bath, but as there are fo many Conjedures and Opinions about its Utility, I fhall fubmit it to better Judges, to alTign a Ufe tor it, moft agreeable to tlieir own Sentiments. The whole Coft of this Building will not exceed 1260 /. "o Plates XLVIII. and XLIX. A plain Plan and Profile for a Church for a pretty populous Town, propofing to have a Gallery to the South and North Sides, as far as the Columns, and to return at the Weft End to the firft Column ; the Length between the Walls of the Body of the Church is 71 Feet, and the Breadth between the Walls 77 Feet, — and the Chancel is 20 Feet fquare ; from the Floor or Paving of the Church, to the under Side the Cieiing under the Gallery, is 14 Feet, and from thence, the Pe- deftal Column, and Entablature of the lonick Order, to the Cieling of the Church, is 20 Feet, making the whole Height 34 Feet in the Clear. This Church may be built for 4370/. Plate L. This octangular Plan and Profile of a fmall Pleafure-Room, I propofed to be placed on a Terrafs near IVmdfor, which has a very pleafing, and extenfive Pro- fpedf, almoft: uninterrupted; 3 Fourths round the Horizon, and from which you may fee and trace at different Places, the Windings of the Thames, from Maidinhead-Bxidgt to Richmond^ the Terrafs is on fuch an Eminence. A Building of this Kind would be an Objeft feen at a Diftance, and render it as well an Amufemenc to entertain the F'ancy of others, as to thofe on the Spot, for a Variety of beautiful Hills, Vales, Landflcips, Uc. for the Plealure of the Inhabitants, create a new Succeflion of pleafing Images, and call forth the Beauty, Order, and Harmony of Nature, to decorate and enliven the Scene. This Building may be executed for 150/. Pi. I I ^^^vf ^^^P S" "^^^^M^ ' 1*'' ■Jl tx dT I I I I I I- 2^ /fo^^-^vW ^irrr^ are^Ur^-f tUL ^ im,. 39 /"arr ^cit/^. J^l.i. 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