%^mm »« ff«BHXi. jd; .f^^tf (aT?Jj^L [ 237 ] A DESCRIPTION O F HO UGH TON-HALL.* T he common approach to the houfe is by the fouth-end door, over which is engraved this infcription, ROBERTUS WALPOLE Has ^des Anno S. MDCCXXII. Inchoavit, Anno MDCCXXXV. Perfecit. On the Right-Hand you enter a finall Breakfaft-Room. Over the chimney is a very good pidlure of hounds, by Wootton. * Sir Robert Walpole ufed to fay that he had taken the idea of the towers from Ofterly-park, near Brentford, A concert 23B A DESCRIPTION of the A concert of birds, by Mario di Fiori j a very uncommon pidlure, for he feldom painted any thing but flowers ; it belonged to Gibbons the carver, and is four feet feven inches high, by feven feet nine and a quarter wide. The prodigal fon returning to his father ; a very dark pidlure by Porde- none, the architecture and landfcape very good. It is five feet five inches high, by eight feet eleven and half wide. This picture belonged to George Villiers, the great duke of Buckingham, A horfe’s head, a fine fketch, by Vandyck. A greyhound’s head, by old Wyck, who was Wootton’s mafter. Sir Edward Walpole, grarrdfather of fir Robert Walpole. He was created knight of the Bath at the coronation of king Charles the fecond, and made a great figure in parliament. Once on a very warm difpute in the houfe, he propofed an expedient, to which both parties immediately concurred : Wal- ler the poet moved that he might be fent to the Tower, for not having com- pofed the heats fooner, when he had it in his power. He' married Sufan, daughter of fir Robert Crane, on whofe death he wrote thefe verfes in his bible, which is now in the church here : She lives, reigns, triumphs in a ftate of blifs : My life no life, a daily dying is. If faints for pilgrims here concern’d can be. I’m confident fhe now remembers me. My love for her not leflTened by her death, I’m fure will lafl: unto my latefl; breath. Thus turned into Latin by doClor * Bland, dean of Durham : ** Vivit adhuc, regnat, ccelefli in fede triumphat : At vita, heu ! mors eft quotidiana mihi. Tangere fi qua poteft miferorum cura beatos. Sat fcio non curas negligit ilia meas. ■* He alfo drew up the Latin infeription engraved on the foundation-ftone. Occidit ty-- PICTURES AT HOUGHTON-HALL. 239 Occidit ilia mihi, fed amor non occidit unaj Nec nifi cum pereat vita, peribit amor." He is buried at Houghton church, with this plain epitaph : “ Here lies fir Edward Walpole : C$tera fi quasras, narrabit fama fuperftes.” Robert Walpole, fon of fir Edward, and father of fir Robert Walpole : he was member for Caftle-Rifeing, from the firft of William and Mary till his death in 1700, His wife was Mary, only daughter of fir Jeffery Burwell, by whom he had nineteen children. Horatio lord Townflrend, father of Charles lord vifeount Townfhend, Mr. Harold, gardener to fir Robert Walpole, a head, by Ellis. The Supping Parlour. The battle of Conftantine and Maxentius, a copy, by Julio Romano, of the famous pidture in the Vatican, which he executed after a defign of Ra- phael. It is four feet eight inches and half high, by nine feet feven and a quarter wide *. The ftory is thus told by Zofimus, hifl. lib. 2. “ Tantis cum ambo copiis inftrudli effent, Maxentius pontem fupra Tiburim flumen faciebat, non connexum prorfus a ripa, qua urbem fpedtat, ad alteram ufque ripam ; fed duas in partes ita divifuUi, ut In medio fluminc ea, qucB partem utramque pontis explebant, inter fe quodam niodo concurrentem fibulis fer- reis, quo revellebantur, quoties pontem quis jundum nollet, fimul impera- bat fabris, quamprimum viderent exercitum Conftantini jundurte pontis in- fiftere, fibulas revellerent ac pontem folverent, ut quotquot huic infifterent, in fluvium dilaberentur. Ac Maxentius quidem haec ftruebat. Conftan- tinus autem cum exercitu Romam ufque progreffus, ante urbem caftra me- tabatur in campo, qui & late patet & equitatui eft opportunus. Maxentius intra muros inclufus, Diis vidimas offerebat, & extifpices de belli eventu confulebat, ipfis quoque Sibyllinis oraculis perveftigatis. Quumq; reperif” * There v/as one of thefe (probably this very lecond. Ste hh (atalogut publijhed by Bathoe, pidlure) in the colledion of king James the p, 22, No, 248. fet 240 A DESCRIPTION OF THE fet oraculum, quo fignificaretur in fatis effe, ut qui ad perniciem P. R. fpedt- antia defignaret, miferabili morte periret ; de femetipfo id accipiebat, quad qui Romam adortos eamque capere cogitantes, propulfaret. Eventus autem comprobavit id, quod verum erat. Nam cum Maxentius copias ex urbe produxilTet, jamque pontem, quem ipfe junxerat, tranfiiffet j infinita quse- dam raailtitudo noduarum devolans, muros complebat^ Quo confpedo, fuis Conftantinus, ut aciem ftruerent imperabat. Quum exercitus utrimque cor- nibus adverfis ftarent, equitatum Conftantinus immilit. Is equitatum hofti- lem adortus, fudit. Peditibus quoque figno fublato, rite compofiteque in hoftem illi tendebant. Acri conferto praelio, Romani quidem ipfi 6c Itali focii fegniores ad obeunda pericula fe praebebant, quod acerba tyrannide fe liberari optarent. Reliquorum vero militum innumerabilis quasdam multitu- do cecidit, turn ab equitibus proculcata, turn a peditibus interempta., Enim- vero quum diu refiftebat Equitatus, aliqua Maxentio fpes efle reliqua videba- tur: fed equitibus jam fuccumbentibus, fuga cum reliquis abrepta, per pon- tem fluminis ad urbem contendebat. Tignis autem minime fuftinentibus earn vim oneris, adeoqj ruptis, cum ctetera multitudine Maxentius etiam fluminis impetu abripiebatur,!’ Over the chimney, Horace Walpole, brother of fir Robert Walpole. He was ambalfador in France and Holland, cofferer of the houlhold, and laftly one of the tellers of the exchequer j and created a baron a little before his death. Three quarters length, by Richardfoni Sir Robert Walpole, when fecretary at war to queen Anne. Three quar- ters, by Jervafe. Catherine lady Walpole, his firft wife; ditto. Sir Charles Turner,, one of the lords of the treafury. He married to his flrft wife, Mary, eldeft fifter of fir Robert Walpole. Three quarters, by Richardfon. Charles lord vifeount Townfliend, fecretary of ftate to king George the firft and fecond. Three quarters, by fir Godfrey Kneller. Dorothy, his fecond wife, and fecond fifter of fir Robert Walpole. Three quarters, by jervafe. Anne PICTURES AT HOUGHTON-HALL. 241 Anne Walpole,' aunt of lir Robert Walpole (ahead.) She was wife of Mr. Spelman, of Narborough in Norfolk. Dorothy Walpole, ditto (died unmarried.) Mary Walpole, ditto, married to John Wilfon, efq; of Leicefterfhire. Elizabeth Walpole, ditto, feqond wife of James Hoft, efq; of Sandring-^ ham in Norfolk., The Hunting-Hall. Sufannah and the two elders, by Rubens ; five feet eleven inches and half high, by feven feet eight inches and a quarter wide. A hunting-piece. * Sir Robert Walpole is in green ; colonel Charles- Churchill in the middle; and Mr. Thomas Turner on one fide. By Woot- ton, fix feet ten inches high, by eight feet five wide. There are prints of this pi(3;ure. The CofFee-Room. Over the chimney, a landfcape with figures dancing, by Swanivelt, two> feet three inches high, by three feet three wide. Jupiter and Europa, after Guido, by Pietro da Pietris ; four feet ten inches, high, by fix feet two wide. Galatea, by Zimeni four feet ten inches high, by fix feet two wide. Horatio Walpole, uncle of fir Robert Walpole. Pie married lady Anne Ofborn, daughter of Thomas the firfi; duke of Leeds, and widow of Robert Coke, efq; of Holkham in Norfolk, grandfather of the prefent earl of Lei- cefter. Three quarters., * He is upon a white horfe called the Chevalier, which was taken in Scotland in the year 1715, and was the only, horfe the pretender mounted there. li VoL. II. Galfridus A DESCRIPTION of the 242 Galfridus Walpole, younger brother of fir Robert, and one of the general poft-mafters. He was captain of the Lion in queen Anne’s wars, and was attacked by five French fhips on the coall; of Italy againft three Englifii, two of which deferted him, but his own he brought off, after fighting bravely and having his arm fhot off. Returning through the arcade, you afcend the great ftaircafe, which is painted in chiara ofcuro, by Kent. In the middle four Doric pillars rife and fupport a fine caft in bronze of the * gladiator, by John of Boulogne, which was a prefent to fir Robert from Thomas earl of Pembroke. The Common Parlour. This room is thirty feet long by twenty-one broad. Over the chimney is fbme fine pear-tree carving, by Gibbons, and in the middle of it hangs a portrait of him by fir Godfrey Kneller. It is a mafter-piece, and equal to any of Vandyck’s. Three quarters. King William, an exceedingly fine fketch by fir Godfrey, for the large equeftrian pidlure which he afterwards executed very ill at Hampton-court, and with feveral alterations. Four feet three inches high, by three feet fix wide •{'. King George the firft, a companion to the former, but finiflied. The figure is by fir Godfrey, which he took from the king at Guilford horfe-race. The horfe is new painted by Wootton. I fuppofe this is the very pidure which gave rife to Mr. Addifon’s beautiful poem to Kneller. A find of horfes by Wovermans j two feet one inch and three quarters high, by two feet nine wide. * I fhould imagine that this is the ftatue men- tioned in the catalogue of king Charles the firft, and which was fold for 300 1 . It was poffibly caft by Hubert le Sueur, who lived in faint Bar- tholomew’s Clofe, a fcholar of John of Boulogne, not by him himfelf ; it flood in the garden at faint James’s palace. ■t Mrs. Barry and another aSrefs fat for the two emblematic figures on the fore-ground, in the great pidure. Venus PICTURES AT HOUGHTON-HALL. 243 ! Venus bathing, and Cupids with a carr, in a landfcape, by Andrea Sac- chi j one foot ten inches and half high, by two feet fix inches wide. It was lord Halifax’s. A holy family, by Raphael da Reggio, a fcholar of Zucchero ; two feet two inches and three quarters high, by one foot and a quarter wide. A fine pidfure of architedlure in perfpedlive,. by Steenwyck ; one foot nine inches high, by two feet eight wide., A cook’s {hop by Teniers. It is in his very beft manner. There are feve- ral figures ; in particular his own, in a hawking habit, with fpaniels j and in the middle an old blind filherman, finely painted. Five feet fix inches and three quarters high, by fevenfeet feven and three quarters wide. Another cook’s fhop, by Martin d'e Vos, who was Snyder’s mailer, and in this pidlure has excelled any thing done by his fcholar. It is as large as na- ture. There is a greyhound fnarling at a cat, in a moft maflerly manner. Five feet eight inches high, by feven feet ten and half wide. A Bacchanalian, by Rubens. It is not a very pleafant pidture, but the flefh of the Silenus and the female fatyrs are highly coloured. There is a fmall defign for this pidlure reverfed, in the great duke’s tribune at Florence. Two feet eleven inches and three quarters high, by three feet fix wide. The nativity, by Carlo CIgnani. The thought of this pidture is borrowed (as it has often been by other painters) from the famous Notte of Coreggio at Modena, where all the light of the pidture flows from the child. Three feet feven inches and half high, by two feet ten and half wide. Sir Thomas Chaloner, an admirable portrait; three quarters, byVandyck, Sir Thomas was governor to Henry prince of Wales*, [vide Strafford papers, * He had been fo to the celebrated duke of fchool at faint Begh’s, and 40 loads of coal yearly Northumberland, the baftardized fon of the earl to it out of his mines there, referving a right of ®f Leicefter : vide Wood’s Athena, vol. 2, />. 126. placing two fcholars, by the name of Chaloner’s This hr Thomas gave a piece of ground to arch- fcholars t Miogr, 3 nt, pnge 2439. bifliop Grindal’s executors for that prelate’s free I i 2 vol. 24+ A DESCRIPTION of the W. I, 490] and in 1610 was appointed his lord chamberlain. [Fidi Sandford’s genealogical tables, page 529.] He died in 161 5, and was buried at Chifwick.* Sir Thomas Grefliam, the founder of Grefham-college, by Antonio More, Two feet fix inches and a quarter high, by two feet and half wide. * He wrote a treatifc on the virtue of nitre, printed at I.ondon 1584, fome oihcr philofophic works, and a paftoral. He difcovered the aflom- mines at Gifburg in Yorkfliire (where he had an eftate) towards the latter end of queen Elizabeth’s reign ; but they being adjudged to be mines royal, little benefit accrued to the family, though the long parliament afterwards reftored them to his fons, who were from thefe caufes engaged on the parliament fide ; and Thomas and James, two of them, fat as judges on king Charles the firft. James, who wrote a treatife on the ifle ofMan,t and made feveral collerSions of ' antiquities, poi- foned himfelf with a potion prepared by his mif- trefs, 1660, on an order for taking him into cuf- tody. Thomas, who was one of the Yorklhire members, had been a witnefs againft archbifliop I.aud, and one of the council of ftate, and died in exile at Middleburg in Zeland, 1661. He wrote An anfwer to the Scotch papers concerning the difpofal of the perfon of the king; A juttifica- tion of that anfwer ; A true and exaift relation of finding the tomb of Mofes near mount Nebo; and A fpeech containing a plea for monarchy in 1659. Thomas, his grandfather, v/as a cele- brated wit, poet, and warrior, having ferved in the expedition againft Algier under Charles the fifth, where being ftiipwrecked, and having fwam f It was dedicated to T. lord Fairfax, the pari, general, whom he celebrates for his ta/le and patron- age of antiquities. V. Thorefby’s Leeds, p. 525, J The duke at the fame time feat his wife a jewel. Englifh worthies, p. 535. § He wrote this book in Spain, when he war ns better houfed, as he himfelf fays in his preface, than till his arms failed him, he caught hold on a cable with his teeth and faved himfelf. He was knight- ed by the J duke of Somerfet, for his valour, after the battle of Muffelborough ; and by queen Eli- zabeth fent embaffador to the emperor Ferdinand and to king Philip the fecond, where he refided four years, and died foon after his return in 1565, and was buried with a fumptuous funeral in faint Paul’s. He wrote A little didlionary for children; A poem in ten books in Latin verfe §; De repub- lica Anglorum inftauranda, printed 1579, with an appendix, De illuftrium qiiorundam cncomiis, cum epigrammatibus & epitaphiis nonnullis ; His voyage to Algier, 1541 |]; and tranflated from the Latin, The office of fervants, written by Gilbert Cognatus ; and Erafinus’s praife of folly, 1549, and re-printed 1577. Vide lVood'‘% Athence Oxon. His epitaph in Latin and Englifh was written by dodior Walter Haddon, mafter of requefts to queen Elizabeth. Vide Hackett’ s coll'eSi. of epitaiohs, vai z, p. 184. His portrait was engraved by Hollar. In the year 1616 an earthen pot full of brafs money of the emperors Caraufius and Allec- tus was found under the root of a tree in Steeple- Clavdon parifh near tlte pond, in the woods of fir Thomas Chaloner. Vide Kennet's parochial antiq. page It. hieme in firm, ejiate in horreo. He took for his motto. Frugality is the left hand of fortune and dili- gence the right. Eng. Worthies, p. 535. Putten- ham names mailer Chaloner with ftr Ph. Sidney, as excellent far eclogue and -paf oral poefy. 11 Villegaignon, an extraordinary adventurer, wrote an acconnt of the fame expedition, in Latin. Vide gen. ditft. vol. 10, p. 1. Erafmus, PICTURES AT HOUGHTON-HALL. 245 Erafinus, by Holbein, a half length, fmaller than the life. A friar’s head, by Rubens. Francis Halls, a head, by himfelf. The fchool of Athens, a copy (by Le Brun) of Raphael’s fine pidure in the Vatican. Three feet two inches high, by four feet two and three quar- ters wide. Jofeph Carreras, a SpaniQi poet, writing j he was chaplain to Catharine of Braganza, queen of Charles II. Half length, by fir Godfrey Kneller. There is a mezzotinto from this pidure. Rembrandt’s wife, half length, by Rembrandt. Rubens’s wife, a head, by Rubens. A man’s head, by Salvator Rofa. Mr. Locke, a head by fir Godfrey Kneller. Inigo Jones, a head, by Vandyck. Over the door, Anne, daughter of fir Henry Lee j three quarters, by fir Peter Lely. She was married to Mr. Wharton, afterwards created a mar- quis; and was herfelf a celebrated poetefs. Waller has addrefled a copy of verfes to her on the death of lord Rochefter, whofe great friend and relation ftie was. See her article in the general didionary, vol. 10, where are two letters of hers in a very amiable ftyle, and fome of dodor Burnet’s in a very wretched one. Over another door, Mrs. Jenny Deering, miftrefs to the marquis of Wharton. Thefe two came out of the Wharton colledion. Over the two other doors, two pieces of ruins, by Viviano. The t 246 A DESCRIPTION of the The Library. This room is twenty-one feet and half, by twenty-two and half. Over the chimney is a whole length, by fir Godfrey Kneller, of king George I. in his coronation- robes, the only piilure for which he ever fat in England. The Little Bed-Chamber. This room is all wainfcotted with mahogany j and the bed, which is of painted taffaty, Hands in an alcove of the fame wood. Over the chimney is a half length, by Dahl, of Catharine Shorter, firft wife of fir Robert Wal- pole, and eldeft daughter of John Shorter, efqj of Bybrook in Kent, by Elizabeth, daughter of fir Erafmus Philips, of Pidton-caftle in Pembroke- fhirc. This is an exceedingly good portrait. On the other fide, a portrait of Maria Skerret, fecond wife of fir Robert Walpole; three quarters, byVanloo.. The Little Dreffing-Room. A landfcape by Wootton, in the ftile of Claude Lorrain, over the chimney. The Blue Damalk Bed-Chamber Is of the fame dimenfions with the library, and is hung with tapeftry. Over the chimney, fir Robert Walpole, afterwards earl of Orford,, prime tniniHer to king George I. and to king George II. Quern neque Tydides, nec LarilTasus Achilles, Non * Anni domuere Decem. He built this houfe, and made all the plantations and waters here. A whole length, in the garter-robes, by Vanloo. ^ After his refignation, a lecret committee was appointed to incjuire into the lall ten jears of his adminiftration. The PICTURES AT HOUGHTON-HALL. 247 The Drawing-Room Is thirty feet by twenty-one, and hung with yellow caffoy. The deling is exadly taken, except with the alteration of the paternal coat for the ftar and garter, from one that was in the dining-room of the old houfc, built by fir Edward Walpole, grandfather of fir Robert. Over the chimney is a genteel bufi; of a Madonna in marble, by Camillo Rufconi. Above, is carving by Gibbons, gilt, and within it a fine pidure by Van- dvck, of two daughters of lord Wharton, out of whofe colledlion thefe came, with all the other Vandycks in this room, and fome others at lord Walpole’s at the Exchequer. Five feet four inches high, by four feet three wide. The judgment of Paris, by Luca Jordano. There is an odd diffufion of light all 6ver this pidlure : the Pallas is a remarkably fine figure. Eight feet high, by ten feet eight and a quarter wide. A fieeping Bacchus, with nymphs, boys and animals j its companion. King Charles I. a whole length, in armour, by Vandyck. By a miftake both the gauntlets are drawn for the right hand. * Henrietta Maria of France, his queen, by ditto. Archbifiiop Laud, the original portrait of him ; three quarters, by Van- dyck. The univerfity of Oxford once offered the Wharton family four hun- dred pounds for this pidlure. Philip lord Wharton, three quarters by Vandyck. This lord in his youth was handfome and a beau j in the civil war he fided with the parliament, * When this picture was in the Wharton col- lets; lady Wharton faid, Mr. Tonfon, why ledlion, old Jacob Tonfon, who had remarkably might not one man have two right hands, as well ugly legs, was finding fault with the two gaunt- as another two left legs ? and 248 A DESCRIPTION of the and had a regiment of horfe, but his courage was called in queftioii. He left the houfe when the laft violences were determined againft the king, but was one of Oliver’s peers and privy-council, and narrowly efcaped being excepted in the general adt of indemnity, though he expended fome thoufand pounds to make a figure in the cavalcade at the king s reftoration, in particular hav- ing diamond buttons to the mourning which he was then wearing for his fe- cond wife. He was committed to the Tower with the duke of Buckingham and lord Shaftlbury, on their afferting the diffolution of the long parliament; but his chief merits were a patriot fraud, by which he procured the paffing the habaes corpus adt, being one of the tellers in the houfe of lords, when he outwitted his partner and gave in a falfe majority ; and by moving for an abrogation of the old oaths of allegiance, and fubftituting the piefent plain oath in their ftead. He was one of the firfi; that appeared for the revolution; and died in 1694. He laid out a large fum at Woburn in Buckinghamfhire, and made the fine colledtion of Vandyck’s and Lely’s, which were removed to Winchendon by his fon the marquis of Wharton, and fold to fir Robert Walpole by the late duke his grandfon. Fide memoirs of the life of T. of Wharton. Sir Chriftopher Wandesford, head of the Caftlecomer family ; lord deputy of Ireland in 1640; in which year he died. Three quarters, fitting, by Vandyck. * Lady Wharton, three quarters, by ditto. 1 Jane, daughter of lord Wenman; ditto. The hands. In which Vandyck excelled, are remarkably fine in this pidlure. Robert lord Walpole, eldeft fon of fir Robert Walpole, by Catherine his firft wife; a bead in Crayons, by Rofalba. He fucceeded his father in the earldom, and died in 1751J being knight of the uath, auditor of the Ex- chequer, and mafter of the fox-hounds to the king. Edward Walpole f , fecond fon of fir Robert Walpole, ditto. Horace Walpole, third fon of fir Robert Walpole, ditto. « Philadelphia, daughter of Robert Carey earl + He was created knight of the 'Bath in Au- of Monmouth, wife of fir Thomas Wharton. guft 1753. PICTURES AT HOUGHTON-HALL. 249 Mary lady vifcountefs Malpas, fecond daughter of fir Robert Walpole by his firfi: wife, and married to George lord Malpas, mailer of the horfe to Frederic prince of Wales, and knight of the Bath j afterwards earl of Choi- mondeley, and chancellor of the duchy of Lancafter, and lord privy-feal. She died of a confuinption at Aix in Provence, setatis fuse 29. A profile Iketch, by Jervas. N. B. There is no portrait here of Catharine Walpole, eldefl daughter of fii Robert Walpole, who died at Bath of a confumptlon, setatis fuse 19. Lady Maria Walpole, only child of fir Robert Walpole earl of Orford by Maria his fecond wife, married to Charles Churchill, efqj in crayons, by Pond. The Salon Is forty feet long, forty high, and thirty wide ; the hanging Is crimfon flowered velvet ; the deling painted by Kent, who defigned all the orna- ments throughout the houfe. The chimney-piece is of black and gold mar- ble,. of which too are the tables.. In the broken pediment of the chimney Hands a fmall antique bull of a Venus } and over the garden-door is a larger antique bufl. On the great table is an exceeding fine bronze of a man and woman, by John of Boulogne. When he had made the fine marble groupe of the rape of the Sabines in the loggia of the piazza del gran duca at Florence, he was found fault with for not having exprefled enough of the foftnefs of the woman’s flefli, on which he modelled this, which differs in its attitudes from the other, and has but two figures ; but thefe two are mafler-pieces for drawing, for the ftrength of the man, and the tender delicacy of the woman. This bronze was a prefent to lord Orford from Horace Mann, efq; the king’s refident at Florence. On the other tables are two vafes of oriental alabafler. Over VoL. II. Kk DESCRIPTION OF the Over the chimney, Chrift baptized by faint John, a moft capital picture of Albano. His large pieces are feldora good, but this is equal both for colouring and drawing to any of his mailer Caracci, or his fellow-fcholar Guido. It is eight feet eight inches high, by fix feet four and a half wide. There is one of the fame defign in the church of fan Giorgio at Bologna, with an oval top, and God the father in the clouds, with different angels ; two are kneeling, and fupporting Chrill’s garments. This pidture belonged to Mr. Laws, firll miniller to the regent of France. The Honing of faint Stephen ; a capital pifture of Le Soeur. It contains nineteen figures, and is remarkable for expreffing a moll mallerly variety of grief. The faint, by a confiderable anachronifm, but a very common one among the Roman catholics, is dreft in the rich habit of a modern priell at high mafs. Nine feet eight inches and a half high, by eleven feet three and three quarters wide. The holy family 5 a molt celebrated pidlure of Vandyck. The chief part of it is a dance of boy-angels, which are painted in the highell manner. The virgin leems to have been a portrait, and is not handfome ; and the piece is too much crouded with fruits and flowers and birds. In the air are two partridges finely painted. This pidlure was twice fold for fourteen hundred pounds : fince that, it belonged to the houfe of Orange. The princels of Frielland, mother of the prefent prince of Orange, fold it during his minority, when fir Robert bought it. It is feven feet and half an inch high, by nine feet one and three quarters wide. It belonged originally to king Charles the firll, and is mentioned in the catalogue of his pictures, p. 171. There is a fine print of it. Mary Magdalen walhing Chrill’s feet; a capital picture of Rubens, finifh- ed in the highell manner, and finely preferved. There are fourteen figures large as life. The Magdalen is particularly well coloured. Six feet and three quarters of an inch high, by eight feet two wide. It was monfieur de Morville’s, and had belonged to monfieur Bourvalais, a financier, who bought it from the colledtion of monfieur Connery, a fermier general*. It is engraved. * See defeript. de Paris, Vel. i, p. 226, edit, of 1706. The / PICTURES AT HOUGHTON-HALL. 25 * The holy family, in a round, hy Cantarini,. The child is learning to readV Three feet fix inches every way. The holy family, by Titian. It belonged to monfieur de Morville, fecre- tary of date in France. Four feet feven inches and a half high, by three feet four and a half wide. Simeon and the child ; a very fine pidture by Guido; The defign Is taken from a ftatue of a Silenus with a young Bacchus, in the villa Borghefe at Rome. This was in monfieur de Morville’s colledlion. Three feet two inches and a half high, by two feet feven and a half wide. There is another of thefe, but much lefs finifhed, in the palace of the marquis Gerini at Florence. The virgin with the child afleep in her arms, by Augufilne Caracci. Three feet fix inches high, by two feet nine and three quarters wide. An old woman giving cherries to a boy, by Titian. It is his own fon and nurfe : four feet ten inches high, by three feet fix and. three quarters wide. The holy family, by Andrea del Sarto.. This and the lafi: were from the colledllon of the marquis Mari at Genoa. Three feet one inch and a quarter high, by two feet feven and a quarter wide.. Lord Egremont has another of thefe, and lord Exeter another. The afiumption of the virgin j a beautiful figure fupported by boy-angels, in a very bright manner, by Murilllo. Six feet four inches and three quar- ters high, by four feet nine and a half wide. * The adoration of the ihepherds. Its companion ; all the light comes from the child. * The duke of Bedford has a large pidlure like this, except that it wants the virgin, by the fame hand, brought out of Spain by Mr. Bagnols, from wliofe colledlion the prince of Wales bought fome fine pictures. Sir Sampfon Gideon has ano- ther, in which the virgin is much older than this at Houghton,, but finely painted ; the boys are fewer, and far inferior ; and one corner is too deftitute of objedls. There is a half-moon re- verfed under the feet of the virgin. Kk 3 The .1 2^2 A DESCRIPTION of the. The Cyclops at their forge, by Luca Jordano. There is a copy of this at faint James’s, by Walton. This belonged to Gibbons. Six feet four inches high, by four feet eleven wide. ' Dffidalus and Icarus, by Le Brun. In a different manner from what he generally painted. Six feet four inches high, by four feet three wide. For the ftory, fee it twice told in Ovid’s metamorphofis, lib, 8 ; and lib. 2, de arte Amandi. The Carlo Marat Room Is thirty feet by twenty-one. The hangings are green velvet, the table of lapis lazuli j at each end are two fconces of maffive filver. Over the chimney is * Clement the ninth, of the Rofpigliofi family ; three quarters fitting, a moft admirable portrait, by Carlo Maratti. It was bought by Jervas the painter out of the Arnaldi palace at Florence, where are the remains of the great Pallavicini colledtion, from whence fir Robert bought feveral of his pidtures. Nothing can be finer than this, the boldnefs of the penciling is as remarkable as his delicacy in his general pidtures, and it was fo much admired that he did feveral of them j one is at lord Burlington’s at Chifwick. The judgment of Paris, drawn by Carlo Maratti when he was eighty-three years old, yet has none of the rawnefs of his latter pieces ; the drawing of the Juno is very faulty, it being impoflible to give fo great a turn to the per- fon as he has given to this figure ; it came out of the Pallavicini colledtion. The earl of Strafford has a very good copy of it, by Giofeppe Chiari. Five feet nine inches and three quarters high, by feven feet feven and a quarter wide. It was engraved by Giacomo Freii. * He was a poet. See an account of him in the Sidney papers puhlijhed by Collins^ vol. 2, 714 5 andFirmanVs feminar. Roman, p. 189. He was nuntio at Madrid, when the fix royalifts, who had murdered Afcham, the parliament’s refident, were taken out of fancluary, and infilled on their being re-delivered, which he prevailed on the bi- gotted king to order. Five of them, catholics, were fuffered to elcape ; the fixth, a proteftant, was fo watched, that he was retaken on his flight and put to death. Vide Peck’s dejtd, curios. Mi. 12, /• 2 - Galatea PICTURES AT HOUGHTON-HALL. 25J Galatea fitting with Acis, Tritons and Cupids j its companion. Five feet eight inches and three quarters high, by feven feet feven and a half wide. The holy family, an unfinifiied picture, large as life, by Carlo Maratti in his laft manner. Three feet two inches and three quarters high, by two feet eight and a quarter wide. The virgin teaching Jefus to read, by Carlo Maratti. Two feet three Inches and a quarter high, by one foot ten and a quarter wide. Giofeppe Chiari has executed this thought in the Barberini palace at Rome, but with alterations. In this the virgin is in red. Giofeppe’s is in white, and inftead of faint John, faint Elizabeth, and the angels, he has drawn a cardinal reading. Saint Csecilia with four angels playing on mufical inflruments, companion to the former. Or drefi: in fmiles of fweet Cascllla, flilne With fimp’ring angels, palms and harps divine. Pope. Thefc two laft are moft perfed and beautiful pidures in his beft and moft finiftied manner, and were in the Pallavicini colledion. It has been engraved by Strange, but he has not preferved the extreme beauty of the faces. The alTumption of the virgin, by Carlo Maratti. She has a deep blue veil all over her. Two feet three inches and three quarters high, by one foot ten and a quarter wide. The virgin and Jofeph with a young Jefus, a fine pidure, by Carlo Maratti, in the manner of his mafter Andrea Sacchi, Two feet five inches and a quarter high, by two feet wide. The marriage of faint Catharine, by Carlo Maratti, two feet feven inches high, by one foot ten and a half wide. Two faints worftilping the virgin in the clouds, by Carlo Maratti, Two feet three inches and a half high, by one foot nine and a half wide. St. John the evangelift, its companion. A naked 254 A DESCRIPTION of the A naked Venus and Cupid, by Carlo Maratti, In a very particular ftile, , Three feet one inch and a half high, by four feet four and a half wide. The holy family, by Nicholo Beretoni, Carlo’s beft icholar r this pi£lure is equal to any of his mafter’s. The grace and fweetnefs of the virgin, and the beauty and drawing of the young Jefus, are incomparable. Three feet one inch and a half high, by four feet four and a half wide.. The affumptlon of the virgin by ditto. Two feet two inches and a half high, by one foot eight and a half wide. The pool of Bethefda, by Giofeppe Chlari, another of Carlo’s fcholars. Three feet three inches high, by four feet five wide.. Chriil’s fermon on the mount, dittos Apollo and Daphne, ditto. Bacchus and Ariadne, ditto, the beft of the four j the Bacchus feems to be taken from the Apollo Belvedere, as the ideas of the Ariadne, and the Venus, evidently are from the figures of Liberality and Modefty in the famous pic- ture of Guido, in the colledtion of marquis del Monte at Bologna. There are four pidlures about the fize of thefe in the Spada palace at Rome, by the fame hand i two, juft the fame with thefe two laft, the other two are like- wife ftories out of the metamorphofis. Apollo, in crayons, by Rofalba. Two feet two inches high, by one foot eight wide. Diana, its companion. A profile head of a man, a capital drawing, in a great ftile, by Raphael, A profile head of faint Catharine, by Guido. The birth of the virgin, by Luca Jordano. Two feet one Inch high, by one foot and a quarter of an inch wide. The PICTURES AT HOUGHTON-HALL. 25s The prefentation of the virgin in the temple, its companion. Thefe tv o are finiflied defigns for two large pidures, which he painted for the fine church of the Madonna della Salute at Venice. The flight into Egypt, by Murillio, in the manner of Vandyck. Three feet two inches and a quarter high, by one foot eleven and a quarter wide. The crucifixion, its companion. Hercules and Omphale, by Romanelli : three feet one inch and a half high, by four feet three inches wide. The Velvet Bed-Chamber Is twenty-one feet and a half, by twenty-two feet and a half ; the bed is of green velvet, richly embroidered and laced with gold, the ornaments de- figned by Kent ; the hangings are tapeftry, reprefenting the loves of Venus and Adonis, after Albano. Alexander adorning the tomb of Achilles, by Le Mer. The fubjedl is taken from the fourth chapter of the fecond book of Quintus Curtius. Achil- lem, cujus origine (Alexander) gloriebatur, imprimis mirari folitus, etiam circum cippum ejus cum amicis nudus decucurrit, undloque coronam impo- fuit. The head of Alexander is taken from his medals, the figures are in the true antique tafte, and the buildings fine. Eight feet two inches and three quarters high, by five feet two and a half wide. Over one of the doors, a fea-port, by old Griffier. Three feet two inches and a half high, by four feet one inch wide. A landfcape over the other door, by ditto. The Drefling-Room Is hung with very fine gold tapeftry after pidures of Vandyck. There arc whole-length portraits of James the firft, queen Anne his wife, daughter of Frederick 256 -A DESCRIPTION of the Frederick the fecond king of Denmark, Charles the firft, and his queen, and Chriftian the fourth king of Denmark, brother of queen Annej they have fine borders of boys with feftoons, and oval pidtures of the children of the royal family. At the upper end of this room is a glafs cafe filled with a large quantity of filver philegree, which belonged to Catharine lady Walpole. Over the chimney, the confulting the Sibylline oracles, a fine pidlure, by LeMer; companion to that in the bed-chamber j the architedlure.of this is rather the better. The painter has miftaken, and reprefented a large num- ber of books j whereas the hiftories fay, that when the Sibyl offered them at lirfi; to Tarquinius Superbus, there were but nine, and on his twice refufing them, fire burnt fix, and then made him pay the firft demanded price for the remaining three, w’hich were kept in a ftone vault with the greateft care ; and only confulted on extraordinary occafions, by two of the nobility who had the charge of them. This number in the time of the common-wealth was encreafed to ten, and in Sylla’s time, the laft time they were confulted, to fifteen ; the year before his didlatorftiip the capitol was burnt, and they wdth it. There were fome difperfed Sibylline oracles afterwards collected, but never much credited, which remained to the reign of Honorius, when Stilicho burnt them *. There is an anachronifm in this phfture, which may be pardoned in a painter : he has thrown in among the buildings the fepti- zonium Sever! ; now Sylla’s didtatorfhip began in the year 672 U. C. and Severus did not begin his reign till 945 U. C. or 193 A. D. Over the door, dogs and ftill life, by Jervas. Over the other door, its companion. * In the reign of Tiberius, an aiSt pafTed in ifiie fenate at the motion of one of the tribunes, to add a book to the Sibylline oracles, at the re- queft ofCaninius Gallus, one of the Quindecim Viri. The emperor reprimanded the fathers, and told them, that Auguftus, quia multa vana fub nomine celebri vulgabantur, fanxifle, quern intra diem ad praetorem Urbanum deferrentur, nequc habere privatim liceret. 'He added, a majoribus quoque decretum erat, poll: exuftum fociali bello capitolium, quaefitis Samo, Ilio, Erythris, per African! etiam ac Siciliam, et Jtalicas CbJonias, carminibus Sibyllas (Una, feu plures fuere) da- toque facerdotibus negotio^ quantum humana ope potuiflent, vera difcernere.. TofiV. ann. 6, 12. It is probable that Tiberius’s ftridtnefs on this fub- jedl proceeded from his apprehenfions of the peo- l^e being excited by prophecies- to rebel agamft him ; he having but a little time before put feve- ral perfons to death for publilhing a prediflion that he had, left R'onie in fuch a conjumSion of the planets as for ever to exclude his return. Ann, 4, ,58. The PICTURES AT HOUGHTON-HALL. 257 The Embroidered Bed-Chamber. The bed is of the fined: Indian needle-work. His royal highnefs Francis duke of Lorrain, afterwards grand duke of Tufcany, and fince emperor, lay in this bed, which flood then where the velvet one is now, when he came to vifit fir Robert Walpole at Houghton. The hangings are tapeftry. Over the chimney, the holy family, large as life, by Nicolo Pouffin. It is one of the mod capital pictures in this colledlion, the airs of the heads, and the draperies are in the fine tade of Raphael, and the antique j Eliza- beth’s head is taken from a datue of an old woman in the villa Borghefe at Rome ; the colouring is much higher than his ufual manner ; the virgin’s head and the young Jefus are particularly delicate. Five feet feven inches high, by four feet three and three quarters wide. There is a print of it. Over die doors, two pieces of cattle, by Rofa di Tivoli. The Cabinet Is twenty-one feet and a half, by twenty-two and a half, hung with green velvet. Over the chimney is a celebrated picture of Rubens’s wife, by Van- dyck; it was fitted for a pannel in her own clofet in Rubens’s houfe. She is in black, fattin with a hat on, a whole length j the hands and the drapery are remarkably good., Rubens’s family, by Jordans of Antwerp j- Rubens is playing on a lute, his fird wife is fitting with one of their children on her lap, and two others before her. There are feveral other figures, and genii in the air. Five feet nine inches high, by four feet five inches and a half widei. this picture be- longed to the duke of Portland. A winter-piece, by Giacomo Baflan. Three feet eight inches and a half high, by five feet eleven and three quarters wide. A fummer-piece, by Leonardo BalTan. Three feet eight inches and a half VoL. II. LI high, i 258 A DESCRIPTION op the high, by five feet eleven and three quarters wide. Thefe two were in the colleftion of monfieur de la Vrilliere. Boors at cards, by Teniers: one foot four inches high, by one foot ten wide. Chrift appearing to Mary in the garden, an exceedingly fine pidture, by Pietro da Cortona. One foot nine inches and a half high, by one foot eight inches wide. The judgment of Paris, by Andrea Schiavone. Note, That all the pictures in this room, except the portraits, that have not the fizes fet down, are very fmall. Midas judging between Pan and Apollo, by ditto. Chrift laid in the fepulchre, one of the finefl: pictures that Parmegiano ever painted, and for which there is a tradition that he was knighted by the duke of Parma ; there are eleven figures ; the expreflion, the drawing and colour- ing, the perfpedlive, and chiaro fcuro, are as fine as poffible. The figure of Jofeph of Arimathea is Parmegiano’s own portrait ; there are two drawings in the grand duke’s colledtion for this pidlure, but with variations from what he executed : in one of thefe, Jofeph has his hands extended like Paul preaching at Athens, in the cartoon of Raphael : there have been three dif- ferent prints made of this pidlure and the drawings for it. The adoration of the magi, by Velvet Brueghel; there are a multitude of little figures, all finilhed with the greateft Dutch exadtnefs ; the ideas too are a little Dutch, for the Ethiopian king is dreft in a furplice with boots and fpurs, and brings for a prefent a gold model of a modern Ihip. The virgin and child, a very pleafing pidfure, by Baroccio, but the draw- ing is full of faults. Naked Venus fleeping, a moft perfedt figure, by Annibal Caracci; the contours and the colouring exceffively fine. Head PICTURES AT HOUGHTON-HALL, 259 * Head of Dobfon’s father, by Dobfon. Saint John, a head, by Carlo Dolci. There Is another of thefe at Burleigh, Head of Innocent the tenth, by Velafco j he was fent by the king of Spain to draw this pope’s pidure j when the pope fent his chamberlain to pay him he would not receive the money, faying the king his mailer always paid him with his own hand : the pope humoured him. This pope was of the Pam- philii family, was reckoned the uglieft man of his time, and was raifed to the papacy by the intrigues of his liller-in-law donna Olimpia, a moll beau- tiful woman and his millrefs J-. There is a half-length at Chifwick of the fame pope by Andrea Sacchi. A boy’s head with a lute, by Cavalier Luti. Friars giving meat to the poor, by John Miel. One foot fcven inches and a half high, by two feet two inches wide. Its companion. A dying officer at confeffion, by Bourgognone ; very bright colouring and fine exprcffion. One foot fix inches and a half high, by two feet one inch and three quarters wide. I * In four different MSS. of Vertue, I find that were going away, the legate ftiut the door, and this pidure belonged to Richardfon, and is cer- defired Du Mouftier to examine whether he had tainly the portrait of Vanderdort, keeper of king loft any book: he immediately miffed the ftolen tiharles’s pidlures, and who, on having miflaid one. The cardinal bid him fearch all his train, a fine fmall pidlure, and not being able to find it but Pamphilio refufing to be examined, they came when afked for it by the king, hanged himfelf. to blows, and Du Mouftier getting the better by Fide Sandcrfon’s graphict. the prelate’s being encumbered in his long habit, beat him fevcrely and found the book in his poc- t Amelot de la Houffaie relates the following kct. Mem. h'rfl. vol. i,p. 362. In Howel’s letters remarkable ftory as the foundation of this pope’s ate the following particulars relating to this pope; hatred to the French, and of his perfecution of “ Ajnong other pafquils this was one, papa magis the family of his predeccffor Urban the eighth, amat Olympiam quam Olympum.” Zr/r. 48, While cardinal Barberini, Urban’s nephew, was 4th. And afterwards, “ Tis true he is one of the legate in France, he went to fee the curious li- hardeft favourdeft popes that fat in the chair a brary and collcaion of the fieur Du Mouftier. great while, fo that feme call him L’Uomo di tre Monfignor Pamphilio, who attended him, flipped pelle, the man with three hairs, for he hath no- a fmall and fcarce book into his pocket. As they ■ more beard on his chin.’^ L 1 2 Its 26 o A DESCRIPTION OF the Its companion. Boors at cards, by Teniers. ' Boors drinking. Its companion, by Oftade. Chrift laid In the fepulchre, by Giacomo BalTan ; a very particular pidure, the lights are laid on fo thick, that it feems quite baflb relievo. It is a fine defign for a great altar-piece which he has painted at Padua. This pidure was a prefent to lord Orford, from James earl of Waldegrave, knight of the garter, and emoaffador at Paris. Holy family, with faint John on a lamb, by Williberts, a fcholar of Ru- bens, who has made a large pidure, from whence this is taken, now in the palace Pitti, at Florence : this is finely finiflied, and the colouring neater than Rubens. Holy family, by Rottenhamer. The virgin and child, by Alexander Veronefe j painted on black marble. Three foldlers ; a fine little pidure, by Salvator Rofa, in his brighteft manner. The virgin with the child in her arms, by Murlllio, on black marble. A prefent, from fir Benjamin Keene, embaflador at Madrid. The virgin with the child in her arms afleep, by Sebaftian Concha. Edward the fixth, an original fmall whole length, by Holbein ; it was in the royal colledion, and upon the difperfion of king Charles’s pidures in the rebellion, fold into Portugal, where it was bought by lord Tyrawley, em- baffador to the court of Lilbon, and by him fent as a prefent to lord Orford ; within the frame is written in golden letters, Edvardus Dei gratia fextus rex Anglia, & Francia, & Hibernia. Laban PICTURES AT HOUGHTON-HALL. 261 Laban fearching for his images, by Sebaflian Bourdon, When Jacob ■withdrew privately from Laban, Rachael ftole her father’s idols, which he purfued them to demand. Gen. xxxi, 33. Three feet one inch and three quarters high, by four feet four inches and a half wide. The banquetting-houfe cieling ; it is the original defign of Rubens for the middle compartment of that cieling, and reprefents the affumption of king James the firft into Heaven j it belonged to fir Godfrey Kneller, who ftudied it much, as is plain from his iketch for king William’s pidture in the par- lour, Two feet eleven inches high, by one foot nine inches and a half wide. Six fketches of Rubens for triumphal arches, &c. on the entry of the infant Ferdinand of Auftria into Antwerp ; they are printed with a defeription of that feftival. They are about two Ret and a half fquare. They were Mr. Norton’s, and coft him 180/. at fir Peter Lely’s fale. Bathllieba bringing Ablfliag to David ; an exceeding high-finifhed pidlure In varnhh, by Vanderwerffej a prefent to lord Orford from the duke of Chandos. Two feet ten inches high, by two feet three wide. Two flower-pieces, moft highly finlflied, by Van Huyfum; his brother lived with lord Orford, and painted moft of the pidtures In the Attic flory here. Two feet feven inches high, by two feet two wide. Chrift and Mary in the garden, by Philippo Laura. The holy family, by John Bellino j it belonged to Mr. Laws. A landfcape with figures, by Bourgognone, in the manner of Salvator Rofa. Its companion with foldiers. Two fmall landfcapes, by Gafpar Pouflin. Over the door into the bed-chamber, the holy family, by Matteo Ponzoni, a moft uncommon hand, and a very fine pidture. Three feet feven inches and 262 A DESCRIPTION of the and a half high, by five feet twoand\a half wide. It belonged to count Plattemberg, the emperor’s minifter at Rome, who had carried all his pic- tures thither and died there. They were fent to Amfterdam to be fold, where Mr. Trevor bought this for fir Robert Walpole. Lord Burlington has a head by the fame mafter, who was a V enetian j there are no others in Eng- land of the hand. Over the parlour-door, the murder of the Innocents, by Sebaftian Bourdon. -Four feet and half an inch high, by five feet eight wide. Over the other door, the death of Jofeph, by Velafco. Three feet three . inches high, by four feet ten wide. Saint Chriftopher, a very fmall picture, by Ehheimer : a prefent from fir Henry Bedingfield. Here is a very common error among the Roman catho- lic painters; in the diftant landfidp is a hermit, with an oratory of the vir- gin Mary, at the time that faint Chriftopher is carrying Jefus yet a child. At Bologna there is an old picture of the falutation, where the angel finds the virgin Mary praying before a crucifix, with the officium beatae virginis in her hand. In Evelyn’s preface to his tranftation of the idea of the perfeftion of painting, he mentions a pidture of Mofes in the bullrufhes, by Paul Veronefe, in which Pharaoh’s daughter is attended by a guard of Swifs. The Marble Parlour. One entire fide of this room is marble, with alcoves for fide-boards, fup- ported with columns of Plymouth marble. Over the chimney is a fine piece of alto relievo in ftatuary-marble, after the antique by Ryibrack, and before one of the tables a large granite ciftern. Henry Danvers earl of Danby, a fine whole length In the garter-robes, by Vandyck. This lord was fon of fir John Danvers, by Elizabeth daughter of John Nevil lord Latimer, fon-in-law of queen Catharine Parr,^ and was firR diftinguiftied by his behaviour in the war in the Low Countries, where he ferved under prince Maurice, and afterwards in France under Henry IV. where he was knighted for his valour. In the Irilh wars he was lieutenant- PICTURES AT HOUGHTON-HALL. 263 general of the horfe, and ferjeant-major of the whole army, under Robert earl of Ellex, and Charles lord Mountjoy. In the firfi of king James I, he was made baron of Dauntefey, and atterwards lord prelident of Munfter and governor of Guernfey. By king Charles 1 . he was created earl of Danby, made a privy-counfellor and knight of the garter. He founded the phyfic- garden at Oxford, and died aged 71, 1643, at Cornbury, and is buried at Dauntefey in Wiltlhire, where he built an alms-houfe and free-fchool. His elder brother fir Charles loft his life in the earl of Elfex’s infurreftion. Temp. Eliz. This pidlure was given to lord Orford by fir Jofeph Danvers. Lord Danby built the houfe at Cirencefter, now lord Bathurft’s. Sir Thomas Wharton, brother of Philip lord Wharton, and knight of the Bath; whole length, by Vandyck. (From the Wharton colledHon.) Two fruit-pieces over the door, by Michael Angelo Campidoglio, from Mr. Scawen’s collediion. The afeenfion, by Paul Veronefe, over a door. The apoftles, after the afeenfion, ditto. The Hall Is a cube of forty, with a ftone gallery round three fides. The cieling and the frieze of boys are by Altari. The bas-reliefs over the chimney and doors are from the antique. The figures over the great door, and the boys over the lefler doors, are by Ryfbrack. In the frieze are bas-reliefs of fir Robert Walpole and Catharine his firft lady, and of lord Walpole their eldeft fon and Margaret Rolle his wife. From the cieling hangs a * lantern for eighteen candles, of copper gilt. * Ben Johnfon, in his Foreft, poem 2d. has thefe lines on Penlliurft. Thou art not, Penfliurft, built to envious {how, Of touch or marble j nor can’ft boaft a row Of poliihed pillars, or a roof of gold. Thou haft no lantern, whereof tales are told. I imagine there was fome old pamphlet or ballad written on a lantern of fome great man at that time, from whence was taken the Craftfman, which made fo much noife about this lantern at Houghton. This lantern has fmee been fold to the earl of Chefterfield, and is replaced by a French luftre. Over 264. A DESCRIPTION of the ; i \ { |>i. ■' Over the chimney is a bail of fir Robert Walpole, earl of Orford, by Ry {brack. Before a nich, over agalnft the chimney, is the Laocoon, a fine call in bronze, by Girardon, bought by lord Walpole at Paris. On the tables, the Tiber and the Nile in bronze, from the antiques in the Capitol at Rome. Two vafes in bronze, from the antiques in the villas of Medici and Borg- hefe at Rome. The buft of a woman, a mofi; beautiful antique.. The bull of a Roman emprefs, antique. * On Terms and Confoles round the Hall are the following Bulls and Heads: Marcus Aurelius, antique., Trajan, ditto. Septimius.Severus, ditto.! Thefe two were given to general Churchill, by (• cardinal Alexander Albani, and by him to Commodus, ditto. J fir Robert Walpole., A young Hercules, ditto. ■* This and the lafi were brought from Mrs. Vernon’s at Twickenham park, which belonged to Robert earl of Efl'ex, the celebrated favourite of queen Elizabeth, who having promifed fir Francis Bacon to get him made follicitor-general, juft before his own difgrace, and not being able to perform it, gave fir Francis this villa to make bim amends. SirFiancis entertained the queen here, and prefented her with a fonnet of his own compofing, to intercede for the earl’s pardon. He foon after fold Twickenham park for eighteen hundred pounds. From thence it came into the earl of Cardigan’s family ; they fold it to king William : he gave it to his favourite lord Albe- marle, whofold.it to Mr. Vernon, after whofe widow’s death lord Montrath bought it for fifteen thoufand pounds. Bacon, in a letter to his bro- ther Antony, calls it, “ that wholefome pleafant lodge and finely defigned garden.” Bacan-papers, vol. I, 486. Baccio a / PICTURES AT HOUGHTON-HALL. 4 Baccio Bandinelli, by himfelf, Fauftina fenior, antique. A young Commodus, antique. Homer, modern. Hefiod, ditto. Jupiter, antique. 265 A philofopher, ditto. Hadrian, ditto. Pollux, ditto. .Heads. Going from the Salon, down the great Steps through the Garden,, you enter a Porch adorned with Bufts of ( >By Camillo Rufconi,. Rome. Minerva. Antinous. Apollo Belvedere, A philofoplier’s head, antique, Julia Pia Sever!, ditto. Out of this you go into a Veftibule, round which in the Niches are fix Vafes of Volterra Alabafter. This leads into VoL. II. Mm The 266 A description of the The Gallery, Which is feventy-three feet long, by twenty-one feet high, the middle I'ifes eight feet higher, with windows all round; the cieling is a defign of Serlio’s in the inner library of faint Mark at Venice, and was brought from thence by Mr. Horace Walpole, junior; the frieze is taken from the Sibyl’s temple at Tivoli. There are two chimnies, and the whole room is hung with Norwich damaik. It was intended originally for a green -houfe ; but on fir Robert Walpole's refigning his employments February 9, 1742, it was fitted up for his pidtures, which had hung in his houfe in Dowmng-ftreet. That houfe belonged to the crown ; king George the firft gave it to baron Bothmar, the Hanoverian minifter, for life. On his death king George the fecond offered it to fir Robert Walpole, but he would only accept it for his office of firft lord of the treafury, to which poft he got it annexed for ever. Over the fartheft chimney is that capital pidlure, and the firft in this col- leftion, the dodors of the church : they are confulting on the immaculate- nefs of the virgin, who is above in the clouds. This has been a moft con- troverted point in the Romifh church. Bonofus, bilhop of Naiffus in Dacia, was one of the firft who held that the virgin Mary had other children after Chrift, which was reckoned a great herefy. He was condemned for it by pope Damafus, fufpended by the council of Capua, cenfured by the biftiops of Macedon, who declared their abhorrence of this deteftable error as they called it, and wrote againft by pope Syricius. His followers were ftyled Bonofiacs, or Bonofians. This doftrine had been taught before by Helvidius anno 383, and before him by Tertullian. Thofe who oppofed the perpetual virginity of the virgin Mary, were ftyled Antidicomarianites_. Saint Jerom and faint Ambrofe were two of the principal champions for the virginity, and are probably the chief figures in this pifture. Vide Bowers hijlory of thejopes, vol. I, 263. This pretended herefy is founded on the 25th verfe of the firft chapter of faint Matthew, where it is faid, that Jofeph knew not his wife till file had brought forth her firft-born ; and from James and John being frequently called the brethren of Chrift. In anfwer to this laft evidence the orthodox fay, that among the Jews all near relations are called brothers, and that James and John were only firft coufins to Chrift. It is obfervable, that Raphael has followed the opinion of the virgin Mary having had offier chil- dren, in many of his pidlures, particularly in the laft fupper in this collec- - f ^ ^ tton. I I . PICTURES AT HOUGHTON-HALL. 267 tion, he having drawn faint James extremely like Jefus Chrift. There has been another controverfy in the Romilli church, which is more properly called the queftion of the immaculate conception : viz. Whether the virgin was conceived in original fin, though fandtified in her mother’s womb, or was preferved from that ftain of general infedtion by a fpecial privilege, on the forefight of the merits of Chrift, whom ffie was to bear. Albertus Magnus and his followers maintained the firft againft many learned dodtors,. who defended her exemption from original fin ; and the debate grew fa warm, that it was judged neceflary to put an end to it by a public difputa- tion. It was in defence of the immaculate conception that the famous Duns Scotus obtained the name of the Subtile Dodlor. Vide antiquities of the Eng- lijh Francifcans, page 129. I cannot help obferving, that the celebrated pidture at Windfor of this dodior muft be ideal, for he died in the year 1308, when there was no fuch thing as a tolerable painter ; befides that portrait reprefents him as an elderly man, whereas he was not thirty-four when he died. In the year 1387 the Dominicans were expelled the univerlity of Pa- ris, for oppofing the immaculate conception, and many of them were killed. In 1438, the council of Bafil declared it immaculate j and lahly, in 1655, Alexander VII. peremptorily determined it to be fo. Paul V. had been preffed to make it an article of faith, but he had been fo mortified with the event of his rupture with and interdidt of the Venetians that he would not venture occafioning a new fchifm. He contented himfelf to forbid the con- trary to be taught publicly. Vide Voltaire's wiiv. hif. vol. 4, 222. About the year 1670, the Spanifli Jefuits prevailed on * Charles II. to re- quefl from the court of Rome that a definition might be made of the imma- culate conception, and the famous cardinal Nidhard, who had been prime minifter to the queen regent, and was then in honourable banifhment as em- balTador to Clement IX. was ordered to write for the queftion, which he did, and pretended to prove that the immaculate conception was morally, phyfi- cally, metaphyfically, and infallibly certain. The court of Rome gave a bull that was rather favourable to the Dominicans.. Vide Baylc in artic. Nid- hard-, and for a more particular accoimt, the article of Mill in the general dic- tionary, vol. 7, page 559, and Geddes' s traSls, vol. 3, page 113, 189. Mont- faucon relates, tliat when he vifited Italy, fignor Belcreddi of Pavia had a li- * Bifliop Burnet fays that, when that prince, ed, that his fucceflbr fliould forfeit the crown if Charles II. called the duke of Anjou to the Spa- he did not maintriiu the immaculate conception of liifii fuccelSon, among other penalties he enjoin- tlie virgin. Vol.-i, 25 l. M m 2 brary 258 A DESCRIPTION of the brary full of books In behalf of the immaculate conception, moil of them written by Francilcans. Diar. Ital. qu, p. 26. In the year 1678, Inno- cent XI. fuppreffed the miffal, or office of the immaculate conception of the virgin. In Spain, they write under all her pidlures, concebida fin peccado originale. In Luffan’s hid. of Charles VI. it is faid, page 173, vol. 2, that the Dominicans, in the year 1388, made a fund of 120000 crowns (a vafl fum at that time) to carry on their caufe againft the immaculate con- ception. * In this pidture, which is by Guido in his brighteft manner, and perfedly preferved, there are fix old men as large as life. The expreffion, drawing, lieiign, and colouring, wonderfully fine. In the clouds is a beautiful virgin all in white, and before her a fweet little angel flying. Eight feet eleven inches high, by fix feet wide. After fir Robert had bought this pidlure, and it was gone to Civita Vecchia to be fiiipped for England, Innocent XIII. then pope, remanded it back, as being too fine to be' let go out of Rome; but on hearing who had bought it, he gave permiffion for its being fent away again. It was in the colledlion of the marquis Angeli, and was engraved by Giacomo Freii. Over the other chimney, the prodigal fon, by Salvator Rofa. This fine pidture was brought out of Italy by fir Robert Geare")", and cairied back by him when he went to live there. On his deatli it was fent back to England to be fold. Eight feet three inches high, by fix feet five and a half wide. Meleager and Atalanta, a cartoon, by Rubens, larger than life ; brought out of Flanders by general Wade : it being defigned for tapeftry, all the weapons are in the left hand of the figures. Ten feet feven inches high, by twenty feet nine and a half wide. For the ftory fee Ovid's metamorphofis, lib. 3. When general Wade built his houfe in Burlington-garden, lord Bur- * There is a paflage in Rabelais, book ift. chap. 7, which evidently alludes to this con- troverfy, where he fays that Scotus’s opinion was reckoned heretical, who affirmed that Gar- gantua’s own mother gave him fuck, and could draw out of her breads at one time 1402 pipes -and nine pails of milk. The Jacobins, who were always unpopular for denying the immacu- late conception, got a triumph in the 13th cen- tury, by a cordelier’s maintaining that during the three days of Chrift’s interment, the hypoftatic union was diffolved : this drew great odium on the cordeliers. Vide Hume's dijfertation on religion, foge 48. + This gentleman, I fuppofe, had a colledlion : a piiSure of Michael Angelo delle battaglie at Wilton is faid to have cofl; 300 piftoles. See Ken- nedy's account of Wilson, p. 70. ling ton PICTURES AT HOUGHTON-HALL. 269 Hngton gave the defign for it. The only direftion the general gave was, that there might be a particular place for this pidlure ; but when the great room was finifhed, there were fo many ornaments and correfponding doors, tliat there was no roo'm for the pidlure, and the general not knowing what to do with it, fold it to fir Robert Walpole. Four markets, by Snyders; one of fowl, and another of filli, another of fruit, and the fourth of herbs. There are two more of them at Munich, a horfe and a fldli market ; each fix feet nine inches and a half high, by ele- ven feet one and a half wide. Mr. Pelham has four markets by Snyders like thefe, which he bought at marfiial W ade’s fale, the figures by Long John. Marcus Curtius leaping into the gulph, an exceeding fine pidture, by Mola. There are multitudes of figures, fine attitudes, and great expreffions of pafiion. To ornament the diftant prolpedl, he lias committed fome ana- chronifms, by placing among the buildings an amphitheatre, which were of far later invention, and the Pantheon with the portico of Agrippa; now Pompey was the firft that made a lafting theatre, before him they were tem- porary, and often deftroyed by public authority. Statilius Taurus built the firft amphitheatre in the fourth conftilftiip of Augiiftus. This acftion of Cur- tius happened in the year 391 U. C. and the portico was built by Agrippa (who died 741 U. C.) in his third confulfliip, as appears by the infcription ftill remaining : M. Agrippa. L. F. Cos. III. fecit. The ftory of this ex- ploit is thus told by Livy. “ Eodem anno (fcil. U. C. 391.) feu motu terrre, feu qua vi alia, forum medium ferine fpecu vafto collapfum in immenfam altitudinem dicitur : neque earn voraginem conjedlu terrae, quam pro fe quif- que gereret, expleri potuifle, prius quam deum monitu qureri coeptum, quo plurimum P. R. pofiet. Id enim illi loco dicandum vates canebant, fi rem- publicam Romanam perpetuam efiTe vellent. Cum Marcum Curtium juvenem bello egregium, caftigaffe ferunt dubitantes, an ullum magisRomanum bonum, quam anna virtufque eftet. Silentio fadto, templa deorum immortalium, quffi foro imminent, capitoliumque intuentem, et manus nunc in coehim, nunc in patentes terra hiatus, ad Deos Manes porrigentem fe devoviffe ; equo deinde quam poterat maxime exornato infidentem, armatum fe in fpecum immifilTe, donaque ac fruges fuper eum a multitudine virorum ac mulierum congeftas : lacumque Curtium non ab antiquo illo T. Tatii milite Curtio Metio, fed ab hoc appellatum.” Lib. 7, cap. 6. This pidure is fix feet four inches A D E S C R I P T I O N OF the inches and a half high, by eleven feet four inches and a quarter wide. And, with the next, belonged to Gibbons the carver. Horatius Codes defending the bridge. Its Companion. Thus defcribed by Livy, lib. 2, cap. 10. “ Quum holies adelTent, pro fe quifque in urbem ex agris demigrant : urbem ipfam fepiunt prsefidiis ; alia muris, alia Tiberi objedto videbantur tuta ; pons fublicius iter pjene hoftibus dedit ; ni unus vir fuiffet, Horatius Codes (id munimentum illo die fortuna urbis Romans habuit) qui politus forte in ftatione pontis, quum captum repentino impetii janiculum, atqj inde citatos decurrere holies vidiiTet : trepidamque turbam fuorum arma ordinefq; relinquere, reprehenfans fingulos, oblillens, obtef- tanfqj deum & hominum fidem, tellabatur : nequicquam deferto prcefidio eos fugere, Ji tranjitum pontem a tergo reliquiffent : jam plus hojlium m palatio Ca- pitolioque, quam in Janicido fore. Itaque monere, praecipere, ut pontem ferro, igni, quacunque vi pojfent, interrumpant : fe impetum hofihim, quantum corpore uno pojfet obffi, excepturum. Vaditindein primum aditum pontis: infig- nifq; inter confpedla cedentium pugnae terga, obverfis cominus ad incundutn prajlium armis, ipfo miraculo audacite obllupefecit holies : duos tamen cum eo pudor tenuit, Sp. Larcium ac T. Herminium, ambos claros genere fadtif- que : cum his primam periculi procellam, & quod tumultuofiffimum pugnae erat, parumper fullinuit, deinde eos quoque ipfos .exigua parte pontis relidta,, revocantibus qui refcindebant, cedere in tutum coegit. Circumferens inde truces minaciter oculos ad proceres Etrufcorum : nunc fingulos provocare t nunc increpare omnes : fervitia regum fuperborum, face libertatis immemores,. alienam oppugnatum venire. Cundlati aliquamdiu funt, dum alius alium, ut praelium incipiant, circumfpedlant : pudor deinde commovit aciem, & cla- niore fublato undiqj in unum hollem tela conjiciunt: quas quum in objedlo Gundla fcuto hasfiffent, neque ille minus obllinatus ingenti pontem obtineret gradu : jam impetu conabantur detrudere virum, quum fimul fragor rupti pontis, fimul clamor Romanorum alacritate perfedli operis fublatus, pavore fubito impetum fullinuit. Turn Codes, Tiberine pater, inquit, te fandle precor, hac arsna S’ hunc militem propit io futnine accipias t: ita fic armatus in Tiberim defiluit : multifque fuper incidentibus telis incolumis ad fuos tran- avit, rem aufus plus famai habituram ad polleros, quam fidei. Grata erga tantam virtutem civitas fuit : llatua in comitio pofita : agri quantum uno die circumaravit, datum, privata quoque inter publicos honores lludia emine- bant : nam in magna inopia pro domellicis copiis unufquifque ei aliquid, fraudans fe ipfe vidlu fuo, contulit.” A lionefs PICTURES AT HOUGHTON-HALL. 271 A llonefs and two lions, by Rubens *. Nothing can be livelier, or in a greater ftile than the attitude of the lionefs. Five feet fix inches high, by eight feet wide. Architefbure j It is a kind of a ftreet with various marble palaces in per- fpedlive, like the Strada Nuova at Genoa ; the buildings and bas-reliefs are extremely fine, the latter efpeclally are fo like the hand of Polydore, that I fliould rather think that this pidlure is by this mafter, than by Julio Romano, whofe it is called. There are fome figures, but very poor ones, and un- doubtedly not by the fame hand as the reft of the pidure j there is an officer kneeling by a woman, who flrows the virgin and child in the clouds fitting under a rainbow. Aboud the year 1525, Julio Romano made defigns for Aretine’s Putana errante, which were engraved by Marc Antonio, for which the latter was put in prifon, and Julio fled to Mantua. Two years after Rome was facked by Charles V. who made public proceffions and prayers for the delivery of the pope [Clement VII.] whom he kept in prifon ; it is fuppofed the figure kneeling in this pidure is Charles V. who is prompted by Religion to alk pardon of the virgin (above in the clouds) for having fo ill treated the pope : the figure fitting on the fteps is certainly Aretine, and the man in prifon in the corner Marc Antonio, yide Bay/e in artic. Aretine. This pidure was a prefent to lord Orford, from general Charles Churchill. Five feet fix inches three quarters high, by fix feet eleven wide. An old woman fitting in a chair, a portrait three quarters, by Rubens, bought at Mr. Scawen’s fale. An old woman reading, an extremely fine portrait, by Boll, bought at the duke of Portland’s fale, when he went governor to Jamaica, * When Tomo Chachi, the Indian k'mg, and Ids company were in England, about the year 1736, they were extremely turprifed at the lions in the Tower, animals they had never feen ; it was faid in the public papers that they were frightened, which being told toTomo Chachi, he replied, that He who had ventured himfelf into fo ftrange and diftant a country at his great age, could not eafily be afraid of any thing. After- wards feeing this pifture at fir Robert Walpole’s in Downing-ftreet, he faid he was ftill more fur- prifed that any man could draw thofe hearts (b well ; and begged a copy, which was painted for him by Varelft, Cupid DESCRIPTION OF the Cupid burning armour, by Elifabetta SIrani, Guido’s favourite fcholar. Two feet one inch and a half high, by two feet feven and a half wide. The holy family, a groupe of heads, by Camillo Procaccino. One foot nine inches high, by two feet three and three quarters wide. An ufurer and his wife, by Quintin Maths, the blackfmith of Antwerp : this pidture is finhlied with the greateft labour and exadlnefs imaginable, and was painted for a family in France ; it differs very little from one at Windfor, which he did for Charles the firft. Two feet eight inches and a half high, by one foot ten and three quarters wide. There is a copy of this pidlure at Hinchinbrook, and another at Boughton. Job’s friends bringing him prefents ;• a fine pidture by Guido, which he has executed in large, and in his brightefl; manner, in the church of the^ Mendicants at Bologna j this is dark, but there is mofl; mafterly fkill in the naked, and in the difpofition of the figures.. Three feet one inch high, by two feet four and a half wide.. Europa, a fine landfcape,. by Paul Brill, the figures by Dominichinl. Two feet five inches high, by three feet five and three quarters wide, Africa j its companion. Thefe two came out of the numerous colledtioia of the countefs de la Verrue at Paris. Dives and Lazarus, by Paul Veronefe. There are few of him better than this ; the building is particularly good. Two feet feven and a half high, by three feet five wide : it belonged to monfieur, de Morville, fecretary of fi:ate in France; The expofition of Cyrus, by Caftiglione; a very capital pidture of this mafter, the fubjedl is taken from Juftin. Lib. i, cap. 4. “ Paftori regii pecoris puerum exponendum tradit. Ejus uxor audita regii infantis expofi- tione, fummis precibus rogat fibi aiferri oftendique puerum. Cujus precibus fatigatus paftor, reverfus in filvam, invenit juxta infantem canein foeminami parvulo ubera prsftantem, & a feris ahtibufque defendentem.” Two feet four inches and a half high, by three feet fix and a quarter wide. Its Its companion : the fubjed, which feems at firft to be the ftory of Or- pheus, but certainly is not, from the principal figure being thrown into the diftant landfcape, was guelTed by lord Orford to be taken from this ftanza of the 19th ode, lib. 2, of Horace : Bacchum in remotis carmina rupibus Vidi docentem ; (credite pofteri) Nymphafque difcentes, & aures Capripedum Satyrorum acutas» The adoration of the fiiepherds, by old Palma, from the colledlon of monfieur de la Vrilliere, fecretary of jftate in France, Two feet fix inches high, by three feet ten wide.. The holy family, by ditto. Two feet feven inches and a half high, by four feet five wide : from monfieur Flinck's colledion. A fine moon-light landfcape with a cart overturning, by Rubens. Two feet ten inches high, by four feet one wide. It was lord Cadogan’s, and has been engraved. A nymph and firepherd, by Carlo Cignani. Three feet four inches high, by four feet one and a half wide. Mr. Charles Stanhope had another of the fame defign, but much darker. Two women, an emblematical piiflure, by Paris Bourdon. Three feet fix inches high, by four feet two wide : from Mr. Flinck’s colledion, Abraham, Sarah, and Hagar, by Pietro Cortona. The great duke has a fmall iketch of this, but reverfed, and with the Sarah and other figures at a diftance, the Flagar is much fairer than in this. Six feet ten inches high, by fix feet one wide. Abraham’s facrifice, by Rembrandt. Abraham’s head, and the naked body of Ifaac, are very fine ; the painter has avoided much of the horror of the ftory, by making Abraham cover the boy’s face, to hide the horror from VoL. II. N n himfelf. 274- ^ A D ES C R IPX lO N OP THE himfelf. Six feet three inches high, by four feet three and three quarters wide. The old man and his fons with the bundle of flicks, by Salvator Rofa, in his fine tafte. Six feet high, by four feet two and a half wide. The adoration of the fhepherds, odtagon, a moil perfedl and capital pic- ture of Guido, not inferior to the dodtors : the beauty of the virgin, the de- licacy of her and the child, (which is the fame as in the Simeon’s arms in the falon) the awe of the fiiephcrds, and the chiaro ofcuro of the whole pic- ture, which is in the fineft prefervation, are all incomparable ; you fee the fliepherds ready to cry out one to another, Deus! Deus ille, Menalca! There is one of this fame defign in the church of the Chartreufe at Naples, large as life, oblong, with many more figures, but unfinilhcd : This belonged to monfieur de la Vrilliere. Three feet three inches and a half every way. There is a fine print of it. The continence of Scipio, by Nicolo Pouffin ; painted with all the purity and propriety of an ancient bas-relief. The ftory is told by Livy, lib. 26, cap. 50. “ Captiva deinde a militibus adducitur ad eum adulta virgo, adeo eximia forma, ut quacunque incedebat, converteret omnium oculus. Scipio percunclatus patriam, parentefque, inter cetera accepit, defponfatam ^ earn principi Celtiberorum adolefcenti, cut Allucio nomen erat. Extemplo igitur parentibus, fponfoque ab domo accitis, quum interim audiret deperire eum fponfaj amore ; ubi primum venit, accuratiore eum fermone quam parentes alloquitur. Juvenis, inquit, juvenem appello : quo minus fit inter nos hujus fermonis verecundia. Ego, quumfponfa tua capta a militibus nofris ad me de- dubta efet, audiremque earn tibi cordi e/e, & forma faceret fidem ■, qmaipfe,/ frui liceret ludo atatis (prafertim rebto & legitimo amore) & non Refpubhca animum noftriim occupa/et, veniam rnihi dari fponfam impenfius amantt vellem : tuo, cujus pofum, amori faveo. Fuit fponfa tua apud me eddem, qua apiid foceros tuos parentefque fuos verecundid : fervata tibi eft, ut inviolatum & dig- num me teque dari tibi donum poftet. Hanc mercedem unam pro eo munere pa- cifcor, amicus populo Romano fts: & ft me virum bonum credis e/e, qualespa- trem patruumque tneum jam ante hee gentes norant, fcias rnultos noftri ftmues m dvitate Romana e/e : nec uiium in terris populum hodie did po/e, quern minus tibi hojkm tuifque e/e velis, aut amicuin malis. Quum adolefcens fimul pu- dore, gaudioque perfufus, dextram Scipionis tenens, Deos omnes invocaret ad gratiam PICTURES AT HOUGHTON-HALL. 275 gratiam illi pro fe referendum : quoniam fbi nequaqiiam fatis facultatis pro fua animo, atque illius erga fe merito,. ejfet, Parentes inde, cognatique virginis appellati, Qui quoniam gratis fibi redderetur virgo j ad quam rediraendam lads magnum attulilFent auri pondus : orare Scipionem, ut id ub fe donum ac~ ciperet, ccsperunt : baud minorem ejus rei apud fe gratiam futuram ejfe at- lirmantes, qtiam redditce inviolata foret virginis. Scipio, quando tanto opere peterent, accepturum fe pollicitus, poni ante pedes juffit : vocatoque ad fe Allucio : Super dotem,. inquit, quam accepturus d focero es^ hac tibi d me do~ talia dona accedent^ aurumq; tollere, ac fibi habere juffit. His lastus donis honoribufque dimiffiis domum, implcvit populares laudibus & meritis Sci- pionis : Veniffe Diis fmillimum juvenem, vincentem omnia quum armis-, turn benignitate ac beneficiis" When thus the virtuous conful had decreed,. A captive virgin to his tent they lead : In her each motion Ihin’d attradlive grace. And beauty’s faireft features form’d her face. A Celtiberian prince her dellin’d fpoufe,. But, more than int’reft, love had bound their vows,. Allucius was his name. When Scipio heard How fond the youth, how for his bride he fear’dj: He fummons to his tribune all her friends : Allucius in that number chief attends. To him the conful moll addrefs’d his word,, To him, her anxious lover and her lord. “ A youth myfelf, to thee a youth I call. Led; didant awe thy freer fpeech appall. When to my tent this beauteous maid was brought,. When of your mutual paffion I was taught. And foon her charms confirm’d the dory true, (For Scipio’s felf cou’d idolize like you) Durd I indulge the charadler of age. And in a youthful, lawful love engage ; Did not the commonwealth enjoy me whole. And all majedic Rome pofiefs my foul : Oh ! I cou’d love like thee j like thee cou’d pine i Like thee cou’d — but, Allucius, die is thine ! Nn z Inviolate A DESCRIPTION of the Inviolate have I preferved the maid; Not purer in her native courts (he flay’d : Pure, as becomes a Roman chief to give; Pure, as becomes thy paffion to receive. The foie return for this fair boon I alk ; To live a friend to Rome be all thy tafk : And if in me fome virtue you have known. As other Scipio’s in this realm have fhown ; Think many fuch fpring from her glorious womb. And learn to love the virtuous fons of Rome.” This pidlurc belonged to monfieur de Morville, and is three feet eight inches and three quarters high, by five feet two wide. Mofes flriking the rock, by Nicolo Pouffin. There is a great fault in it, Mofes is by no means the principal figure, nor is he flriking the rock an- grily, and with a great air, but feems rather fcraping out the water. The thirft in all the figures, the piety in the young man lifting his father to the flream, and the devotion in others, are extremely fine. It was painted for Stella, and bought of a French nobleman, in the beginning of the lafl war between France and the emperor Charles VI. who declared he fold it to pay for his campaign equipage. Three feet eleven inches and a half high, by fix feet three -and a half wide. It has been engraved. The placing Chrifl in the fepulchre, over the door, by Ludovico Caracci. Six feet three inches high, by five feet one wide. Mofes in the bullruflies, by Le Sceur ; a prefent to lord Orford from the duke of Montagu. Seven feet one inch high, by four feet eight and a half wide. There is a print of it. The adoration of the Magi, by Carlo Maratti. He has painted another of them in the church of the Venetian St. Mark at Rome. Six feet eleven inches high, by four feet four wide. Cows and fheep, by Teniers, in his beft manner ; one foot eleven inches high, by two feet nine wide. A Undfeape PICTURES AT HOUGHTON-HALL. 277 A landfcape with a cafcade and flieep ; a very fine pidlure, by Gafpar Pouflln. It was bought at the late earl of Halifax’s fale. One foot eleven inches high, by two feet nine wide. Pond publifhcd a print of it. The lad fupper, by Raphael. It was in the Arundel colledtion, and is men- tioned in the catalogue of thofe pictures ; from thence it came into the pof- feffion of the earl of Yarmouth, and from him to fir John Holland, of whom lord Orford bought it. It is in fine preiervation. One foot eight inches high, by two feet eight and a half wide. There are various prints from it. Solomon’s idolatry, by Stella. It is painted on black and gold marble, which is left untouched in many places for the ground. There are many figures finely finiflicd, and feveral beautiful airs of women’s heads. One foot ten inches high, by two feet five and a quarter wide. A fea-portj a fine pidlure of Claude Lorrain. There is a bright fun play- ing on the water, and the whole fliine of the pidture is in his very bed man- ner. It belonged to monfieur Morville. Three feet one inch and a quarter high, by four feet two and a half wide. A calm fea, ditto. A mod pleafing and agreeable pidlure. There are two figures on the fore-ground. Apollo and the Sibyl ; die is taking up a handful of fand, for every grain of which die was to live a year. Apollo granted her this, boon as the price of her perfon, which afterwards die re- fufed him. The promontory is defigned for Cuma;, the refidence of the Sibyl. Among the buildings are the ruins of the cadellum aqu$ Martiee, with the trophies of Marius, which are now placed in the capitol ; the re- mains of the building itfelf dand near the Colifeum. Three feet two inches and three quarters high, by four feet one wide. Two landfcapes by Gafpar Poudin, in his dark manner, that at the upper end of the gallery is fine. Thefe two and the latter Claude were in the colledlion of the marquis of Mari. Mr. Edwin, of whom thefe were pur- chafed, had two more j the prince of Wales bought the fine one of Jonah in the dorm, the only fea-piece, I believe, of that hand. Three feet three inches and a quarter high, by four feet five and a quarter wide each. The 278 A DESCRIPTION, &c. % The Joconda, a * wife, reckoned the handfomeft woman of her time; fhe was miftrefs to Francis L king of France; by Lionardo da Vinci. She would often fit half naked, with mufic, for feveral hours together, to be drawn by him.. Mr. Richardfon had another of them. This was monfieur de Morville’s. Two feet nine inches high, by two feet and a quarter wide, Apollo, by Cantarini, a cotemporary of Guido, whofe manner he imitated. Two feet feven inches high, by two feet and a quarter wide. The holy family, with angels, by Valerio Caftelli, who ftudied Vandyck,. Two feet five inches high, by one foot eleven and a half wide. The eagle and Ganymede, by Michael Angelo Buonarotti ; a fubjedt he has often repeated, but with alterations. The king has. one larger, and the queen of Hungary another, printed in Teniers’s gallery : there is another in the Altieri palace at Rome; Two feet eleven inches high, by one foot eleven wide. There is a print of it. iEtherias Aquila puerum portante per auras, Illasfum timidis unguibus hsefit onus. Mart. lib. i, ep. 7. The virgin and child, a moll: beautiful, bright, and capital pidure, by; Dominichino. Bought out of the Zambeccari palace at Bologna, by Horace Walpole, junior. Two feet four inches high, by one foot eleven and a half wide. The falutation, a fine finifhed pidure, by Albano. The angels are much the fame with thofe in the great pidure by this matter in the falon. Two . feet high, by one foot fix inches and a half wide. ■* Mezeray calls.her La Ferronlere, and fays, who never recovered it. The fame Lory is told her hufband being enraged at the king’s taking of lord Southelk and king James II. when duke her, caught on purpofe a very violent diftemper, of York. W'hich he communicated through her to the king,' A SERMON A SERMON O N P A I N T I N G. PREACHED BEFORE The Earl of O R FO R D, at Houghton, 1742. PSALM CXV. Verse 5. ^hey have Mouths f but they fpeak not: Eyes have they, but they fee not: neither is there any Breath in their Nojirils. T HESE words, with which the royal prophet lalhes the infenfibility of the gods of Paganifm, are fo defcriptive of modern idolatry, - that tho’ fo frequently applied, they ftill retain all the force of their firft feverity, I do not defign to run into the parallel of ancient and modern fuperhition, but fhall only obferve with concern, that the fame arguments which at laft ex- ploded and defeated the heathenifm of the Gentiles, have not yet been able to conquer the more obftinate idolatry of Chriftians. The blind, the mif- led Pagans, bowed and adored the firlt ray of truth that broke in upon them: but we have eyes, and will not fee ! I muR I \ I 4 t . 280 A SERMON ON PAINTING. I muft remark to you, that the words in the text, though fpoken of images, which were more particularly the gods of the ancients, are equally referable to the pictures of the Romilh church, and to them I fhall chiefly confine this difcourfe. Indeed, fo grofs is the error of adoring the works of the creature, that the folly feems almoft greater tlaan the fin j feems rather to demand pity» than provoke indignation ! They would worfhip ! they bow to a fliadow ! They would adore the incomprehenfible God ! but they revere the faint pro- duce of their own idea ! Inftead of him who is the eye of the univerfal world j who fpeaks through all nature, who breathes life into every Being; inftead of him, they adore lliadows, that have eyes, but fee not; mouths, but fpeak not ; neither is there any breath in their noftrils. Thefe are thy gods, O Rome ! It has been obferved, that the evil principle has with the moft refined po- licy always chofen to fpread his law under the covert of the true one; and has never more fuccefsfully propogated fin, than when introduced under the veil of piety. In the prefent cafe, has he not deluded men into idolatry by pall- ing it on the world for religion ? He preached up adoration of the godhead, but taught them to worlliip the copy for the originaL Nay, what might have tended to heighten their devotion, he perverted to the means of their deftrucftion. Painting in itfelf is innocent ; no art, no fcience can be crimi- nal ; it is the mifapplication that muft conftitute the fin. Can it be wrong,- to imitate or work after the works of the divinity, as far as man can copy the touches of the great artificer ? It is when with impious eyes we look on the human performance as divine ; when we call our own trifling imitations of the deity, inimitable gods : it is then we fin : this is vanity ! this is idol- atry ! Would we with other eyes regard thefe efforts of art, how conducive to religion ! What fubjeds for devout meditation ! How great that Being, that could give to his produdions the power even to work after his almighty hand, to draw after his heavenly defigns ! Could we fo inform our labours, our creations, then were idolatry more excufable ; then might the veffel fay to the potter. How haji thou made me thus P And A SERMON ON PAINTING. 281 And here I can but reflect on that Infinite goodnefs, whofe thought for our amufement and employment is fcarce lefs admirable than his care for our Being and prefervation. Not to mention the various arts which he has plant- ed in the heart of man, to be elaborated by ftudy, and ftruck out by appli- cation j I will only mention- this one of Painting. Himfelf from the duft could call forth this glorious fcene of worlds ; this expanfc of azure heavens and golden funs ; thefe beautiful landfcapcs of hill and dale, of forefl: and of mountain, of river and of ocean ! From nothing, he could build this goodly frame of man, and animate his univcrfal pidlure with images of him- To ns, not endowed with omnipotence, nor mailers of creation, he has taught with formlefs mafles of colours and diverfifications of light and fliade, to call forth little worlds- from the blank canvafs, and to people our mimic landfcapes with almoil living inhabitants j figures, who though they fee not, yet have eyes ; and have mouths that fcarce want fpeech. Indeed,, fo great is the perfedlion to which he hath permitted us to arrive, that one is lefs amazed at the poor vulgay, who adore what feems to furpafs the genius of human nature ; and almmt excufe the credulity of the populace, who fee miracles made obvious to the\r fenfes by the hand of a Raphael or a Guido. Can we wonder at a poor illiterate creature’s giving faith to any legend in the life of the Romifh virgin, who fees even the dodors of the * church dif- puting with fuch energy on the marvellous circumllances afcribed to her by the catholicks ? He mufl; be endowed with a courage, a ftrength of reafoning above the common ftandard, who can rejed fables when the fword enforces, and the pencil almofi; authenticates the belief of them. Not only birds have pecked at painted fruit, nor horfes neighed at the coloured female ; Apelles himfelf, the prince of the art, was deceived by one of its performances. No wonder then the ignorant fhould adore, when even the mafler himfelf could be cheated by a refemblance.. When I thus foften the crime of the deceived, I would be underftood to double the charge on the real criminal; on thofe miniflers of idolatry, who calling themfelves fervants of the living God, transfer his fervice to inanimate images. Inltead of pointing out his attributes in thofe objeds, that might * See the piAure by Guido, in the gallery. O o Vox.. II. make 282 A SERMON on PAINTING. make religion more familiar to the common conceptions j they enflinne the frail works of mortality, and burn incenfe to canvafs and oil ! Where is the good pried ? where the true charitable Levite, to point out the creator in the works of the creature ? To aid the doubting, to ftrengthen the weak, to imprint the eternal idea on the frail underftanding ? Let him lead the poor unpradifed foul through the paths of religion, and by familiar images mould his diidile imagination to a knowledge of his maker. Then were painting united with devotion, and ranfomed from idolatry ; and the blended labours of the preacher and the painter might tend to the glory of God : then were each pidure a fermon, each pencil the pen of a heavenly -writer. Let him fay, Thus humble, thus refigned, looked the * fon of God, when he deigned to receive baptifm from the hand of man j while miniftring angels with holy awe beheld the wond’rous office. Thus chaftly beauteous, in fuch meek majefty, ffione the f mother of God ! Thus highly favoured among women was the handmaid of the Lord ! Here behold the heavenly love of the holy family ! the tender care, the in- nocent fmiles, the devout contemplation ! Behold infpired | ffiepherds bow- ing before the heavenly babe, and the holy mother herfelf adoring the fruit of her womb ! Whilft good § Simeon in raptures of devotion pronounces the bleffings of that miraculous birth ! Then let him turn his eyes to fadder \\ feenes ! to afflidion ! to death ! Let him behold what his God endured for his fake ! behold the pale, the wounded body of his faviour; wafted with falling j livid from the croft. See the fuffering parent fwooning j and all the paffions expreffed which ffie mull have felt at that melancholy inftant ! Each touch of the pencil is a lef- fon of contrition, each figure an apoftle to call you to repentance. * Sec the picture by Albano in the ftilon. f Several piaures of Madonnas, particularly ■in the Carlo Marat room, and holy families. i The oftagon pidure of the adoration, by Guido, in the gallery. § Simeon and the child, by Guido, in the falon. II See the pidlure of Chrift laid in the fepul- chre, by Parmegiano, in the cabinet. This A SERMON ON PAINTING. 283 This leads me to confider the advantages of Painting over a fifter art, which- has rather been allotted the preference, I mean Poetry. The power of words,, the harmony of numbers, the expreffion of thoughts, have raifed poetry to a higher ftation than the mute pidlure can feem to afpire to. But yet the poem is almoft confined to the nation where it was written : however ftrong its images, or bold its invention, they lofe their force when they pafs their own confines ; or not underftood, they are of no value j or if tranfiated, grow flat and untafted. But Painting is a language every eye can read : the pic- tured paflions fpeak the tongue of every country. The continence of * Scipio fliines with ail its luftre, when told by the hand of a Pouflin ; while all the imagination of the poet, or eloquence of the hiftorian, can call no beauty on the virtuous a£t, in the eye of an illiterate reader. When fuch benefits flow from this glorious art, how impious is it to cor- rupt its ufes, and to employ the nobleft fcience to the mercenary purpofes of prieftly ambition ! To lend all the brightnefs with which the mafter’s hand could adorn virtue, to deck the perfecuting, the barbarous, the wicked head of a fainted inquifitor, a gloomy vifionary, or an imaginary hermit! Yet fuch are deified, fuch are fhrouded in clouds of glory, and expofed for ador- ation, with all the force of ftudy and colours I How often has a confecrated glutton, or, noted concubine, been dreft in all the attributes of divinity, as the lewdnefs or impiety of the painter or pontiff has influenced the pidlure I — The pontiffs ! thofe gods on earth ! thofe vicegerents of heaven I whofe riches, whofe vices, nay, whofe infirmities and near approach to the grave have perhaps raifed them to the -|- feat of infallibility} foon proved how frail, how mortal, when the only immortality they can hope, is from the maflerly pencil of fome ineftimable painter 1 This is indeed not one of the leafl: merits of this, I may fay, heavenly art — its power to preferve the form of a departed friend, or dear relation dead I To fhow how feverely juft looked the good legiflator 1 how awfully ferene * See the pidfure o» this fubjed in the gallery. f See the pidlure of pope Qement IX. in the Carlo Marat room. O o 2 the 4 A SERMON on PAINTING. the humane, the true patriot ! It fhows us with what fire, what love of manicind, * William flew to fave religion and liberty! It expreflTes how honefl:, how benign the line of Hanover ! It helps our gratitude to confe- crate their memory ; and fliould aid our devotion to praife the almighty goodnefs, who by thofe his inftruments has preferved his people Ifrael ! When we can draw fuch advantages from the productions of this art, and can collect fuch fubjeCts for meditation from the furniture of palaces, need we fly to deferts for contemplation, or to forefts to avoid fin ? Here are ftronger leCtures of piety, more admonitions to repentance. Nor is he vir- tuous who fhuns the •f' danger, but who conquers in the contefl:. He is the true philofopher, who can turn from three the brighteft forms that Paganifm or painting could afcribe to ideal goddefles ; and can prefer the penitent, the contrite foul of the J Magdalene, whofe big-fwoln eye and diflieveled hair fpcak the anguifli of her confcience ; her coflly offering, and humble em- braces of her faviour’s feet, the fervency of her love and devotion. Who can fee this without repentance ? Who view the haughty worldly Pharifee, with- out abhorrence and indignation ? Sights like thefe mufl; move, where the preacher fails ; for each picture is but fcripture realized ; and each piece a comment on the hiftory ; they are explications of parables, that feeing ye may fee and underjland. The painter but executes pictures which the faviour himfelf defigned. He drew in all the colours of divine oratory, the rich, the pampered nobleman, fwelling in purple and fine linen, and fumptuoufly banqueting his riotous companions : he drew poor anguifhed § Lazarus, fighing without the proud portal for the very crumbs that fell from the rich man’s table, while the dogs came and licked his fores 1 Who can hear this defcription without fentiments of com- paflion, or emotions of anger ? Who can fee it reprefented, without blaming the one, or fhedding a charitable tear for the other ? Who can, — is as the idol that has a mouth but /peaks not, and eyes that cannot fee. * See the portraits of king William III. and king George I. by fir Godfrey Kneller, in the parlour. + See the judgment of Paris, by Carlo Marat and by Luca Jordano, in the yellow drawing- room. J See the piflure of Chrill at the boufe of Si- mon the Pharifee, by Rubens, in the falon. § See the pidlure of Dives and Lazarus, by Paul Veronefe, in the gallery. Again, A SERMON ON PAINTING. 285 Again, behold the divine mafter fketching out new groupes of figures, which every day compofe pidtures of fin, of folly and repentance ! Hear him paint the luxurious * prodigal, given up to riot and debauchery ; hear him draw the confequential ills, the miferies, the want, that tread hard upon his profufion and excefs. See that prodigal, half naked, half in rags, uncouth and foul, kneeling among fwine, and curfing the vices that drew on him fuch extremity of difirefs. With him let us arife and fay, I will go to my father, a?id fay unto him, father, I have fnned againfl heaven and thee, and am no more worthy to be called thy fon I That father will hear, will not turn from the cry of the penitent : he is not like thofe idols, that have ears and hear not. Will the Romifh faints do thus ? Can their hallowed Madonnas thus incline to their fupplications ? Can thofe gaudy miffionaries, whofe confecrated portaits elbow the altars of the living God, can they call; their unfeeing eyes on their proftrate votaries Can their fpeechlefs mouths fay, 1 •will, be thou clean"? Alas 1 thofe faints which thofe worfliiped pidtures reprefent, may themfelves want the very pardon, which their deluded ador- ers fo idolatroufly demand of them. Thus be it as we affirm, that they worfhip them and their images ; or, as they pretend, that they only pray to them to pray to God j how lamentable is their option ! Either to adore idols inftead of the divinity ; or to beg their interceffion, who themfelves want all the interceffion of the Son of God. One really knows not how to account for the prevalence of this fin. Men fly from God into all the various crimes which human nature is capable of committing ; and when apprehenfions of futurity, or decay of appetite over- take them, inflead of throwing themfelves into the arms of eternal mercy or infinite goodnefs, they barter for pardon with impotent images, or perifhed mortals, who died with the repute of a few lefs fins than the reft of man- kind ! But could thefe fuppofititious deities attend to their prayers why Ihould canvafs or ftone, why men who when living were fubjedt to all the obduracy, ill-nature, and paffions of humanity, . why be fuppofed more ca- pable of pity, more fenfible of our forrows, than the fountain of tendernefs and compaffion, who facrificed his beft-beloved for the fake of mankind ? Or why prefer the purchafe of pardon from interefted mercenary faints, to * See the pidure on this flory, by Salvator Rofa, in the gallery. the 286 A SERMON on PAINTING. the free forgivenefs of him who delighteth not in burnt-offerings ? Who hath no pleafure in the death of a fmner, but rather that he fhould turn from his wickednefs and live ? Yet ftill this prodigality of devotion Is the favourite, the fafhionable reli- gion ! This builds thofe hofpitals for droning monks ; this raifes thole fump- tuous temples, and decks their gorgeous altars, * Mifers, who count far- things with fuch labour and exadtnefs, with fuch careful minutenefs, who would deny a mite to the fatherlefs and widow, here fquander their precious treafures and darling exadtions. View but the tabernacle of a faint in vogue i How offerings pour in ! What riches are fhowered upon their altars ! Not happy 'I' Job, when relieved from his misfortunes, and replaced on the feat of felicity, faw fuch treafures, fuch oblations heaped on him by the bounty and munificence of his returning friends. How great is one’s furprize, on coming to enquire into the merits that are the foundation of this univerfal efteem ! Perhaps a churlifli reclufenefs j a bold oppofition of lawful magiftrates ; a dogmatical defence of church-pre- rogatives j a felf-tormenting fpirit^ or worfe, a fpirit that has tormented others, under colour of eradicating herefies, or propagating the faith, is the only certificate they can fhow for their titles to beatitude. No love of fo- clety j no public fpirit ; no heroic adtions } are in the catalogue of their vir- tues. A morofe Carthufian, or bloody Dominican, are invefted with robes of glory, by authority of councils and confiftories j while a J Curtius or a Codes are left to the chance of fame, which a private pencil can bellow oa them. But it is not neceffary to dive into profane hiftory for examples of unre- garded merit : the feriptures themfelves contain inflances of the greatefl pa- triots,, who lie negledled, while new-fafhioned bigots or noify incendiaries are the reigning objedts of public veneration. § See the great Mofes himfelf! the law-giver, the defender, the preferver of Ifrael ! Peevifh orators are » See the pldture of the ufurers, by Quint. t S>ee the two piflures on their ftories, hy Matfis, in the gallery. Mola, in the gallery. t See 'the picture on. this fubject, by Guido, § The allufion to lord Orford’s life is carried in the nailery, through this whole charafler. more A SERMON ON PAINTING. 287 more run after, and artful Jefults more popular. Examine but the life of that flighted patriot : how boldly in his youth he undertook the caufe of li- berty ! Unknown, without intereft, he flood againfl the face of Pharaoh ! He faved his countrymeh from the hand of tyranny, and from the dominion of an idolatrous king : how patiently did he bear for a feries of years the clamours and cabals of a fadfious people, wandering after flrange lufls, and exalperated by ambitious ringleaders ! How oft did he intercede for their pardon, when injured himfelf ! How tenderly deny them fpecious favours, which he knew mufl turn to their own deflrudlion ! See him lead them thro "oppofition, through plots, through enemies, to the enjoyment of peace, and to the poflefllon of a land flowing with milk and honey 1 Or with more fur- prize fee him in the * barren defert, where fands and wilds overfpread the dreary fccne, where no hopes of moiflure, no profpeft of undifcovered fprings could flatter their parching thirfl j fee how with a miraculous hand He flruck the rock, and flrait the waters flow’d, -f* Whoever denies his praife to fuch evidence of merit, or with jealous look can fcowl on fuch benefits, is like the fenfelefs idol, that has a mouth that /peaks not, and eyes that cannot flee. Now to God the father, &c. *■ Alludes to the waters made at Houghton, by Pouffin, in the gallery, and to the piSure of Mofes ftriking the rock, A line of Cowley. FINIS. --/• A' I iil , 4 PW. - »?rv> • .-^ •> 7 -V -...••.V V.J-- J>'V TO.. 7 ? %y -. ^ 7 .;-i. A ‘ . y ■ ‘ - ' , i t ' ■ ’ IV ^ r . w*- ^ . . - '• - , . . .' :^';- ■'c :- ■ A I Ji.;' #.. 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