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 in 2014 
 
 https://archive.org/details/photographsofclyOOunse 
 
ft 
 
 PHOTOGRAPHS 
 
 OF 
 
 WITH 
 
 DESCRIPTIVE LETTERPRESS. 
 
 " Ever charming, ever new, when will the landscape tire the view ? 
 Tlie tountain'3 fall, the river's flow, the woody valley warm and low, 
 The windy summit wild and high, roughly rushing through the pky, 
 The pleasant seat, the ruined tower, the naked rock, the shady bower, 
 The town and village, dome and farm — 
 Each gives to each a double oharm." 
 
 G LA S G O W: 
 ANDKEW DUTHIE, 50 (JOUDON STREET. 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 SIMPKIN, MARSHALL & CO., STATIONERS' HALL COURT. 
 nrULlN: W. H. SMITH & SOW, 80 MIDDLE ABBEY STREET. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 BONNINGTON LlNN, . 
 
 BeI.OW BONNINGTON LlNN, 
 
 CoRRA Linn, . 
 CoRRA Castle, 
 Cartland Craos, 
 Stonebvres Linn, . 
 
 CRAIGNliTHAN CaSTLE, 
 
 Hamilton Palace, 
 BoTHWELL Bridge, 
 BoTHWELL Castle ( Exterior j, 
 BoTinvELL Castle (Interior), 
 The Clyde at Bothwell, 
 
 9 
 15 
 21 
 27 
 33 
 39 
 45 
 51 
 57 
 G3 
 G9 
 75 
 
INTRODUCTION 
 
 ■ ■ ■ - 8° 
 
 FOR great beauty and sweetness of scenery, the upper readies 
 of the Clyde have long been celebrated, and have frequently 
 afforded subjects for the song of the poet, the brush of the 
 artist, and the more truthful, if less flattering, "pictures of the 
 sun." Situated not far from numerous centres of population, 
 there is no part of the river worth visiting but has had its 
 admirers ; while the multiplicity of guide-boolcs, either general 
 or sectional, have brought every characteristic feature into due 
 prominence. And well worthy of all that has been j^ainted, 
 sung, or said about it, is the Clyde. To persons whose minds 
 are susceptible of being pleasantly affected by witnessing natural 
 objects of surpasshig loveliness, scenes are everywhere presented, 
 fitted to delight and to elevate. At some places grandly stern, 
 or savagely rugged — at others solemnly still, or cozily sheltered, 
 there are almost none of Nature's dispositions but are represented 
 on the Clyde. The breezy hill, the bosky dell, the Itrattling 
 A\aterfall, the shady woodland, the level meadow, the secluded 
 hamlet, the princely residence, and the " ruin grey," — each and 
 all, combined with great richness of historical associations, make 
 a pilgrimage to the region of "Clydesdale" one of the lia})piest 
 that appreciative wayfarers could take. 
 
 " The Falls," in close proximity to the ancient and pic- 
 turesque town of Lanark, are of themselves exceedingly attractive. 
 Although but a miniature of what the profane Yankee termed 
 "the almightiest mill-privilege in creation'' — the stupendous 
 Niagara, they yet have charms peculiarly their own. The great 
 American cataract is so vast, with the tremendous vibration of 
 
its myriad tons of water tlmndering perpetually in concussion 
 with the rocks below, accompanied by the deafening reverbera- 
 tion of the shock, — that it leaves the mind excited, stupified, 
 and confused by its awful magnitude. Struck by a sense of our 
 own littleness, we adore the Creator when we witness such 
 exceptional displays of His wondrous power — - 
 
 " But yet the Lord who dwells ou high, 
 Is more of miglit by far, 
 Tlum noise of many waters is, 
 Or great sea-billows are." 
 
 While in every land, such exquisite expressions of His will to 
 please and to charm, as are to be found at every step on the 
 Clyde, call up towards Him the sentiments of affection and 
 love — ■ 
 
 " His are the mountains, and the valleys his, 
 And the resplendent rivers ; his t' enjoy 
 With a projii'iety none can feel 
 Save he who, with filial confidence inspired. 
 Can lift to heaven the unpresumptuous eye, 
 And smiling say — My Father made them all!" 
 
 The photographs in the present work testify themselves to 
 their excellence. The letterpress descriptions are necessarily 
 short ; but as exhaustive histories or elaborate word-pictures of 
 the localities wouhl be out of place here, the Editor has con- 
 tented himself with speaking merely of the most striking features 
 of the landscape, and the more • prominent incidents of their 
 local history. 
 
BONNINGTON LINN. 
 
 ^^i-^S- 
 
 BONNINGTON LINN, the upper tall of the Clyde, is situated 
 aljout two and a-half miles from Lanark. " After enter- 
 ing Lanarkshire, the C*lyd(! flows ^vith a searcely perceptible 
 motion throuoh a lcno;tliened tract of level country, amidst vcr- 
 dant liaughs and flowery meadows, which, in spates, it frecpiently 
 overflows. Lazily and slow it draws near the upper fall as if it 
 were loth to take the leap. This is reckoned the least beautiful 
 of the falls. It really forms, however, a most picturesque and 
 imposing s})ectacle, and in any other locality would excite the 
 warmest admiration." 
 
 The fall is generally viewed from the grounds of lionnington, 
 and perhaps it is better seen there than from the other side. On 
 entering those enclosures a romantic walk, ^\■inding along the 
 bank of the river through a grove of trees, leads the visitor to a 
 projecting rock, which, at a great height, overhangs the stream 
 where this beautiful sheet of water is first beheld, and a fine <■ 
 combination of rock, precipice, wood, and water scenery is dis- 
 played. A parapet \\all has here been erected, so that the scene 
 can be contemplated without fear or danger. Immediately in 
 front is the torrent pouring over a height of about twenty-five 
 feet, and the boilino- pool into which the waters fall is rauintj 
 beneath. 
 
 " From rock to rock the headlong waters leap. 
 Tossing their billowy crests in wild career." 
 
 The rocky banks, crowned with wood, are high and rugged on 
 
either side ; and tlic Led of the river beloAV the fall is <'i)vercd 
 with rocks and stones, which have fiillen from above. 
 
 Near the centre of the ledoe of rocks over which the river is 
 
 O 
 
 precipitated is a little island, on whicli grows a single tree. By 
 this island that overlooks the chasm into which the water pour, 
 the fall is divided into two, but, from the bed of the river beino- 
 lower on the south, the greatest l)ody of the stream is there dis- 
 charged. A bridge leads from the north bank of die island, from 
 which an opportunity is afforded of seeing from above the 
 descending waters of the raging pool beneath. Here, looking 
 down upon 
 
 "The tovrent's smoothness ere it d.ish below," 
 
 the scene is striking and impressive. Above the river is calm as 
 a mirror; helow it rages angrily along, with all the character- 
 istics of a mountain torrent. 
 
 At one place on this side the visitoi- may, with difficulty, des- 
 cend to the bed of the stream, and thus enjoy the view in a 
 different but eqiially interesting situation. The waters are here 
 Iteheld like a bow shooting from above, stunning the ear with 
 ihcir continued roar. A small livulet, Avhich pours its contribu- 
 tary waters from a- considerable height, and which elsewhere 
 might be admired, is unheeded amicLst the overpowering influ- 
 ence of the ol)jects which here surround it. 
 
 •• The rocks above the fall are chiefly of hard kinds, belonging 
 to the grey-wacke and the old red sandstone series ; while here, 
 they begin to be comparatively soft and freely stratified, admit- 
 tinor easv erosion by the action of the stream, and belono-ino- to 
 the sandstones and shales of the coal formation. The section 
 cut through them, at the fall and downwards, offers a l)cautiful 
 study to tlie }-(niiig geologist." 
 
THE CLYDE BELOW BONNINGTON LINN. 
 
 
 
 THE river's course from Ronnington to Corehouse-foU displays 
 a succession of scenery the most remarkable. It lluws through 
 a deep narrow chasm, hounded on either side by perpendicular 
 rocks, which rise up from the l^ed of the stream as a stone wall 
 to the height of more than one hundred feet. These mural 
 precipices, which form a stupendous masonry, are nearly equi- 
 distant throu<Thout their whole extent, are smooth and naked, 
 with the exception, in some parts, of their surface of small grey 
 moss and lichens, and are crowned at their summits with lofty 
 and beautiful tret^. At their base, the river — its bed descending 
 Vv'ith great rapidity towards the second fall — rushes turbulently 
 onward, at one time amongst rocks and stones, at another along 
 a smooth and shelving bottom, now extending to the foot of the 
 perpendicular sides, and again contracted in a narrow gully little 
 broader than an ordinary mill stream. Where it is thus con- 
 tracted the rocks form a natural pavement on each side, on wdiich 
 the spectator walks as along that of a street. 
 
 At the top of these walls, as they may well ])C termed, the 
 banks covered with wood slope upward on the Ronnington side 
 to a considerable height farther. Here, winding among the 
 trees, romantic walks have been made, forming, as it were, 
 terraces al)0ve each other, from which this singular scenery can 
 be viewed in various situations and at various heights. In 
 some places the walk runs along the verge of the precij)ice, and 
 the spectator's feelings are thus increased by the terror with 
 which he is inspired, but in all, the great ccmtrast between the 
 
cultivated and beautiful grounds, and the rugged and savage 
 appearance of the stream below, is most striking It is from 
 these walks that the fall is generally viewed, and few scenes, in 
 this country at least, are better fitted for producing those feelings 
 which constitute the sublime. 
 
 This district is historically interesting, as the place where the 
 Scottish hero, William Wallace, commenced his glorious exertions 
 to free his country from a foreign yoke, and tradition points out 
 a number of the localities in the vicinity identified with his 
 name and exploits. The grounds of Bonnington are very charm- 
 ing, and some points command arresting attention. Bonnington 
 House stands within a quarter of a mile of Corra Linn. It was 
 built by Sir John Lockhart Ross, the ftimous navigator. It 
 superseded an old mansion belonging to the lineal representatives 
 of the Baillies of Lamington, heirs of Sir William Wallace, and 
 contains a fine ohl portrait of the Scottish hero, and a broad open 
 seat, of rude structure, called Wallace's Chair, and a small 
 ancient cup, girt with a silver hoop, called Wallace's Quaigh. 
 These relics were brought at a remote period from Lamington 
 Castle. 
 
CORHA LINN. 
 
 'i^i' 
 
 ri^HE Fall of Corehouse, or Corra Linn, is about a mile below 
 that of EonningtoD, and within a mile and a half of Lanark. 
 Corra Linn and the estate of Corehoase, lying along the left side 
 of the Clyde above and below the fall, arc supposed to have 
 taken their name from Corra, an ancient Caledonian Princess, who 
 was dashed to destruction by the leap of her palfry over the cliff 
 into th^ cataract. 
 
 After passing Bonnington Fall, the road entirely changes its 
 character, and for some miles from a culm and placid stream 
 becomes a raging and tempestuous torrent. 
 
 " Down all the rocks the torrent I'oars, 
 Away its hurrying waters break, 
 Faster and whiter and ciu-1, 
 Till down the d.irk abyscs they hurl. 
 Rises the fog-smoke white as snow, 
 Thunders the raging stream below." 
 
 The awe, the terror, the astonishment, which this scene 
 produces on an unaccustomed observer, may be swmewhat 
 partially conceived, but can hardly be described. TJic white 
 foaming torrent in front, the yawning chasm from which a 
 smoke-like mist continuallv as(-ends, the black and frowninix 
 rocks covered with overhanging trees, crowned with the ancient 
 castle, the whole bounded by the distant hilJs, form altogether a 
 coiqy d'ceii of the most sublime description, infinitely heightened 
 by the thunder of the falling water, and the depth of the tre- 
 mendous precipice, on the verge of which tlie spectator stands. 
 
A beantifu], thou oh move distant view of tliis extraordiuaiy 
 scene may he liad from the window of a ])aviU()u eri'i'ted by Sir 
 James Carmichael, of l)onuington, in 17US, and put into modem 
 repair by Sir Charles Rods. This stands on the crown of a bank 
 overlookino- tlie (diff. It is furnished with mirrors which reflect 
 the scenery, and commands n(3t only some of the orandest 
 aspects of the fall itself, but a prospect over New Lanark down 
 Strathclyde to a distant skyline of hill and mountain. 
 
 EscapinQj from the (diasm in wliich it has hitherto been con- 
 fined, and already alnnxst a sheet of foam, the river is here pre- 
 cipitated over a height of eighty-five feet into the yawning gulf 
 below. It does not descend, however, like the up})er fall, in one 
 nniform sheet, but in three different, though almost impercep- 
 tible leaps. Broken, therefore, among the rocks which intercept 
 its passage, it is thrown down in b.nling and raging foam, 
 " white as the snowy charger's tail," and thundering in its 
 descent, the ear is stunned with its continual din. Although 
 contracted at the top by its rocky banks, it spreads out as it 
 reaches the bottom, thus assuming a somewhat fan-like shape, 
 Corra Fall makes a total descent of 84 feet, l)nt it achieves 
 this in a series — first a fall of a few feet, next a fall of about 30 
 feet, next a tumultuous rapid of about 30 yards, next a grand 
 and concluding leap. The sweep of Barbank around it is a 
 raagnifi(;ent amphitheatre, rocky, intricate, and romantic, rising 
 in some parts to the height of 120 feet, and everywhere shagged 
 with wood. It is the most })icturescpie of the falls, unexcelled 
 in richness by anything in Scotland, and by few in the world ; 
 it has been more sung by poets, and studied by painters, than 
 any other sj)ot in the 'kingd(nn. 
 
CORRA CASTLE, 
 
 gci^J'g^ 
 
 THE niiiis of Corra Castle stands a few hundred feet from 
 Corehoiise. Its situation is very singular, and strongly marks 
 the state of manners at the time it was erected. Nothing, how- 
 ever, is known of when or by whom it was built. 
 
 From the bed of the Clyde immediately above where it is 
 precipitated over the fall, a rock perfectly perpendicular rises up 
 to the height of nearly one hundred feet, on the top of which 
 the Castle is built, occupying the whole of its surface. This 
 rock appears at one time to have been quite isolated, whether by 
 nature or art is not known, but a deep ditch, 15 or 20 feet broad, 
 through which flowed a part of the waters of the Clyde, 
 obviously divided it from the adjoining ground, the only access 
 to it or to the rock on which it stood was by a drawbridge opposite 
 the entrance, which could be let down or drawn up at pleasure 
 by those within. It must therefore have been a place of great 
 strength, and could only be taken by preventing supplies being 
 sent. In this strange abode, which may be said to overhang the 
 fall, did the proprietors of Corehouse reside, probably from the 
 period of its erection till the end of the seventeenth or beginning 
 of the eighteenth century, secure from the rude assault of their 
 enemies, and regardless of the roaring waters with which they 
 were surrounded. Tradition still reports that in very ancient 
 times a number of the neighbourino; barons had met at the castle 
 for the purpose of concerting some marauding or other expedi- 
 tion. They were seated in the great hall, around a table on 
 which stood wine cups from which they were drinking. A 
 
severe storm in the upper part of Clydesdale had swollen the 
 river suddenly, and shook the castle and its rocky bed. One of 
 the wine cups was overturned on the table, which the baronr, 
 taking as an omen of ill success, gave up their intended expedi- 
 tion, and each precipitately departed homeward. 
 
 In one of the fields on the estate of Corehouse, about a mile 
 south of the castle, there are a number of ancient tumuli or cairns. 
 One of these was opened under the inspection of the late Lord 
 Corehouse some years ago. After removing the small stones of 
 which the cairn was composed, a stone chest was discovered in 
 the centre, around which there was a circle of eighteen urns. 
 The chest was composed of six flat stones, of which one formed 
 the bottom, four placed on edges the sides, and the remaining 
 one was laid upon the top. Within the chest was found a single 
 urn, probably that of a chief, while those which formed the circle 
 may have contained some of his followers. They all contained 
 bones, seemingly as if they had been pounded into small pieces, 
 but there were no apparent marks of their having been burned. 
 The urns were made of clay dried in the sun, and exhibited some 
 rude ornaments on their surface, as if they had been scratched in 
 the clay while soft with a pointed piece of wood or iron. The 
 field in which these tumuli has been found has, in all probability, 
 been a place of sepulture of the ancient Britons, or the site of 
 some of their battles. No tradition, however, has been handed 
 down with regard to it, nor does history mention any fact to 
 illustrate these antiquarian remains. But the near neighbourhood 
 of the great Roman camp at Carstairs, which is not above five or 
 six miles distant, and the smaller encampments on Lanark ]\Iuir, 
 and at Stobbylee, on the opposite side of the Clyde, make it not 
 unlikely that some battle may have been fought here between 
 the people and the Britons, and that these cairns have been 
 erected over the remains of the British chiefs and their followers 
 who fell in the battle. 
 
CARTLAND CRAGS. 
 
 OJ^:Jd . 
 
 CARTLAND CRAGS are situated about a mile distant from tlie 
 town of Lanark. The river Mouse, in its course to loin the 
 Clyde, here flows through a deep narrow ravine, nearly half a 
 mile in length, exhibiting in its various windings a succession of 
 the most wild and romantic scenery. On either side the banks 
 rise bold, rugged, and precipitous ; but, richly clothed with trees 
 and copsewood, these shed a gloom over the recesses of this 
 extraordinary defile, and give a character of picturesque beauty to 
 its nearly perpendicular and roc^k-bound walls. 
 
 " Witliin these dark retrents old Scotia's patriots 
 Have often sought and found secure asylum." 
 
 The north bank, proj^erly called Cartland Crags, is 400 feet 
 in height above the stream. At one part on this side, the Crags 
 have a truly terrific appearance, presenting an almost perpendi- 
 cular front from top to bottom. 
 
 The south bank, or Baronald Crags, is not so high as the north, 
 but it possesses great beauty, and is more enriched with trees. 
 The l)ottom where the river flows is covered with great blocks of 
 stone and pieces of rock, that time, or the rude storms of 
 winter, have loosened from the sides and hurled below. These 
 have formed little islands in the stream, on some of which grow 
 dwarf trees and underwood. 
 
 The course which the Mouse has here taken is somewhat 
 singular. Instead of following its more direct line by Baronald 
 House, where the ground is loAver and less obstructed, it has 
 
found its way to the Clyde tLrougli tlie liigli bill of Cartlaiid, a 
 bed having been formed for it in the solid rock. The waters of 
 the river could not have formed this vast chasm ; and there is 
 reason to presume it has been caused, at a remote })eriod, by 
 some great convulsion of nature. The heaving rock has been rent 
 asunder, and a way opened for this inconsiderable stream. This 
 is sufficiently apparent, as where the Ijanks protrude on the one 
 side, there is always a corresponding recess ou the other. The 
 more prominent rocks, where they are not covered by the wood, 
 bear the r.iost obvious mark of this; and it is not a little 
 remarkable that, notwithstanding the long lapse of years that 
 must have intervened, the correspondence should be so apparent. 
 The geologist draws from this wondrous scene some brilliant 
 illustrations of his science, and the ordinary observer sees in it 
 a series of close views, surprisingly rich in mingled beauty, 
 romance, and grandeur. 
 
 Several Roman remains have been discovered in this neioh- 
 bourliood. The most interesting is a curious bridge, on which the 
 great Roman Iter, in passing through Clydesdale, here crossed 
 the Mouse. It consists of one semicircular arch and a narrow 
 roadwav, and is situated at the lower end of the Cartland Crags. 
 Between Cleghorn and Stobbylee, on the north side of the river, 
 are the remains of a large Roman camp, capable of containing 
 10,500 men. It is nearly 600 yards distant from the Roman 
 road ; and, from its vicinity to the camp at Castledykes, near 
 Carstairs, it may be presumed not to have been a permanent 
 station. On the opposite side of the IMouse on Lanark Muir are 
 the vestiges of another camp. Its original size cannot be ascer- 
 tained, as a part of the entrenchments ou one of the sides and 
 part of one of the ends onl}' can be traced. 
 
* 
 
 f 
 
 I 
 
 f 
 
STONEBYRES LINN. 
 
 gcj^og. 
 
 rpHE Fall of Stonebyros is distant from Lanark about two 
 and a-lialf miles, and is nearly the same distance below 
 that of Corehouse. It receives its name from the Estate of 
 Stonebyres. in the neighbourhood of which the Fall is situated. 
 The road from Glasgow to Lanark, by Hamilton and Dalserf, 
 passes within a few hundred j^ards of it. A narrow pathway, 
 which branches off from the public road, leading through a 
 small Avood, brings the spectator to a part of the precipitous 
 banks, from whence the Fall is seen to great advantage. In 
 front the river is seen pouring over a height of eighty feet a 
 sheet of white and billowy foam. 
 
 " Deep, deep down, and far within, 
 Toils witli the rocks the I'oaring linn ; 
 Then issuing forth one foamy wave, 
 White as the snowy charger's tail." 
 
 As at the Fall of Corehouse, the river makes here three distinct 
 leaps before it reaches the boiling chasm below ; though, when 
 the river is swollen by heavy rain, this is not observed, and the 
 water is projected over in one unbroken torrent. The rocks 
 which overhang the Fall are black, wild, and rugged, and 
 appear as if they had undergone the action of fire. They are 
 fringed with trees, but these possess neither the beauty nor the 
 majesty of those which overhang the other falls. Indeed, Stone- 
 byres has a much wilder and more savage aspect than either of 
 them. The very dangerous situation, too, from which it is 
 viewed, certainly increases this feeling ; and the spectator can 
 
liai'dly continue long to contemplate a scene ^^■llel'e lie is so 
 mu( li excited, though possessing, in a very high degree, con- 
 siderable magnificence and grandeur. It is possible, from the 
 place where it is generally viewed, to descend to the bed of tlie 
 river, and thus to go almost to the bottom of the Fall, but 
 this is an undertaking the hazard of whicli fuw dan-, or 
 indeed ought to risk, as the slightest false step would most 
 certainly lead to instant death. Still it is not uncommon 
 to observe some quite brother of the angle, diminished by 
 the height from which he is seen almost to the appearance 
 of a pigmy, ^^ho- has overcome the danger of this slippery 
 path, plying his rod in the foaming abyss at the bottom 
 of the cataract, disregarding its noise or fury, and apparent!}' 
 as unconcerned as if he was follow ing his sport on the banks of 
 some silent stream, flowing amid rich and fertile meadows. 
 Stonebyres is the greatest height to which salmon can ascend 
 the Clyde. Their attempts during the spawning season to over- 
 leap the fall are incessant and amusing, but its great height 
 baflles their utmost efibrt. They are, however, seen contiinially 
 springing into the air, their bright scales glittering in tlu^ sun- 
 beams, and again falling back into the pool below. 
 
 Below the Fall of Corehouse the banks of the river begin to 
 recede into green and sloping hills, which form a beautiful 
 relief after the rocky chasm tlu'ough which it had for some dis- 
 tance been flowing. J\Iany fine meadows and richly wooded 
 rising grounds, on which stand various gentlemen's seats, 
 ornament its course till it reaches Stonebyres. Indeed, there 
 are few more beautiful scenes than that from the high gr(junds 
 above the bridge of Lanark. TIjc v ariety of hill and dale, the 
 water and its various windings, the groups of pinewood 
 scattered in \ arious situations, give it altogether a very charm- 
 ing efl'eet. 
 
CRAIGNETHAN CASTLE. 
 
 
 
 pRAlGNETHAN CASTLE is situated cabout a mile distant 
 ^ from the Clyde, on a high steep promontory, round the base 
 of which the river Nethan flows through a deep picturesque and 
 richly wooded valley. The spectator is at once struck with the 
 perfect unity and completeness of the design which these ruins dis- 
 play. The correct taste and skill of tlie architect excite surprise. 
 It is obvious that Craignethan was not like most ancient castles, 
 the productions of different ages and of a variety of lords adding 
 strength to strength and tower to tower, as the wealth and 
 importance of the family increased, but that the whole has been 
 erected at once, under the inspection of one who had an eye to 
 beauty as well as strength. 
 
 The castle was erected early in the sixteenth century by 
 Sir James Hamilton of Finnart, a natural son of tl!3 first Earl 
 of Arran. He was appointed cup bearer to James V., >(tp,w:ird of 
 the royal household, and superintendent of the ro}-al palaces and 
 castles. Under his direction, the two palaces of Falkland and 
 Linlithgow were erected, monuments which, in part, still exist 
 of the national taste of that age. The castles of Edinburgh, 
 Stirling, Rothesay, &c., were either partly rel)uilt or adorned by 
 his genius. Sir James's architectural talents thus account for the 
 superior beauty of his own castle of Craignethan. 
 
 The whole of the level surface on the top of the promontory 
 on which the castle stands is included within the outer walls, 
 whicli thus enclose a considerable extent of ground. These 
 walls, forming a large right-angled parallelogram, are still 
 pretty entire. They are of great height and thickness, and 
 on the top a platform appears to have extended round the 
 
whole. Each ano;le i.s defended by a strong and very high 
 square tower, and the curtain of the wall to the north and 
 soutli, where the length of the parallelogram makes the dis- 
 tance Ijetween the flank towers greater than on the east and 
 west, is defended l)y two smaller projecting towers, which 
 rise in the centre. The towers on the north-east and south-east 
 angles are much more extended than the others, and seem to 
 have contained lodgings for the garrison and retain(n-s of the cascle. 
 The west front, where the walls had no defence on the precipitous 
 hanks of the river, is protected by a deep broad ditch or moat, 
 but there does not appear to have been any means by which it 
 could be filled with water; here, however, was the entrance to 
 the inner courtyard. A drawbridge, that could be let down over 
 the moat, or drawn up at pleasure, gave admission through the 
 tower, which defended the nortli-west angle of the castle. The 
 keep or fortress of the castle stands at the east end of the inner 
 court, and immediately in front of the two great towers which 
 defend the western angles. This, as in other ancient castles, 
 was of great strength and height, and contained the great hall 
 and principal rooms for the accommodation of the owner and his 
 family. The scenery wath which these interesting ruins are 
 surrounded is extremely beautiful. The castle is encircled to its 
 very walls with lofty umbrageous trees, which, in the leafy 
 month of June, almost entirely conceal it, except at one or two 
 points, and whi(th prevent the possibility of being nearly viewed, 
 but in detached portions, when walking round it. 
 
 The beautiful but unfortunate Mary Queen of Scots found 
 in Craignethan Castle a brief asylum after her flight from Loch- 
 leven Castle. Here she remained for a few days under the pro- 
 tection of the Hamiltons, who afterwards nearly shared her 
 fate, whde her little baud of devoted and loyal followers gathered 
 round her standard, and from hence she set out on her intended 
 journey to Dumbarton, but to meet with irretrievahle ruin at tlie 
 battle of Langside. 
 
^ 
 
 HAMILTON PALACE. 
 
 HA]\IILTON PALACE is one of the most magnificent private 
 residences, and assuredly the finest specimen of ckissic 
 architecture in the United Kingdom. The principal front, 
 which has a northern aspect, is 264 feet in length, and 60 
 feet in height. The elevation of this front exhibits, supported 
 on a rustic basement, an exceedingly fine example of the Corin- 
 thian order, copied from the remains of the Temple of Jupiter at 
 Rome, one of the most enriched and correct of the ancient speci- 
 mens of that order which the rude hand of time has left us to 
 admire and imitate. In its length the front is broken by three 
 projections, one at each end, and one in the centre, which give 
 variety and efi"ect to the elevation. From the centre projection 
 the portico, under which is the grand entrance, stands boldly out, 
 rearing aloft its magnificent columns, with their enriched Corin- 
 thian capitals, and supporting an equally enriched entablature 
 and pediment. The portico consists of two rows of six columns, 
 one behind the other, by which the depth and grandeur of efiect 
 are greatly increased. The shaft of each pillar is upwards of 25 
 feet in height, about three feet three inches diameter, and formed 
 of an entire stone. In the tympanum of the pediment the family 
 arms are carved in bas-relief. This splendid portico rests on a 
 projecting part of the rustic basement, and in front there is grand 
 entrance stairs, which ascends right and left into it. The pro- 
 jecting portions at each extremity of the facade are ornamented 
 by double pilasters on either side of a window, which on each 
 storey lights this part of the building ; and the receding portions 
 ou both sides of the portico have four windows on each storey, 
 
 ^ ^ 
 
well proportioued and ornamented by cornices and trusses. The 
 mere extent and heioht of the north front of itself oives it an air 
 of magnificence and grandeur. Tlie principal ornament, how- 
 ever, of the building, after all that can be said of its individual 
 beauties (and they are great indeed), is the admirable proportion 
 of its various parts and their subordination to each other; so 
 that, instead of attracting separately, or stauding forth as if each 
 looking for individual and particular admiration, they blend their 
 beauties and create one harmonious and perfect whole. Not- 
 withstanding the extent of the facade on either side, so well pro- 
 portioned is it to the portico that the dignity and effect of the 
 latter is neither diminished or injured, but, on the contrary, 
 heightened b}^ the grandeur of the other. 
 
 The interior equipments of Hamilton Palace are not less 
 tasteful or magnificent than its exterior, and are a fair counter- 
 part of the gorgeous pile in which they are contained. The 
 collection of paintings, now greatly on tlie increase, has long 
 been considered the best in Scotland. The great gallery and 
 principal apartments contain a large collection of family portraits, 
 and other paintings, by Vandyke, Kneller, Rubens, Correggio, 
 Guido, Rembrandt, Titian, the Carraccis, Salvator Rosa, Carlo 
 Dolce, Guercino, Georgione, Poussin, Spagnoletti, Reynolds, 
 Hamilton, &c. The jtictures consist of about two thousand 
 pieces, and there are said to be fifteen thousand pounds worth of 
 rare prints. Some of the cabinets are very precious, and a single 
 table is valued at £4000. The plate, including a splendid gold 
 set, is valued at £50,000. The carbine Avitli whicdi Bothwell- 
 haugh shot the Regent Murray, is also in the Palace ; so is the 
 ring given by Queen Mary to Lord John Hamilton. There is 
 also an original picture of the battle of Bothwell Bridge. The 
 Mausoleum, a structure of the most superb description, resembles 
 in general design the Mausoleum of the Emperor Hadrian at 
 Rome (now the Castello di St. Angelo). 
 
BOTHWELL BRIDGE. 
 
 THIS Bridge, which crosses the Clyde two miles north of 
 Hamilton, must ever remain a spot of interest to all who 
 are acquainted with the religious history of Scotland, particularly 
 that portion of it connected with the sufferings endured by the 
 old Covenanters. These men, rather than subscribe to a declara- 
 tion of faith which they did not believe, or worship after a manner 
 which they believed to be unscriptural, left their houses, and 
 betook themselves to the hills and moors, in order that they 
 might maintain their testimony to the truth as they believed 
 it. At length the victory of Drumclog inspired them with 
 courage, and, gathering from all parts of the country, they 
 overran the western lowlands. A large body of troops, under 
 the Duke of Monmouth and Claverhouse, was despatched to 
 check them, and found them strongly posted on the southern 
 bank of the Clvde at Bothwell Bridsje. The Bridge had been 
 barricaded, and cannon had been placed so as to rake it. Un- . 
 fortunately, immediately previous to the battle, discord broke 
 out amono' the different relioious fiictions in the covenanting^ 
 army, and even when the day of the fight came, the preachers of 
 the various factions were inculcating their peculiar views upon 
 their followers amid the din and smoke of battle. "Here Hack- 
 ston maintained his post with zeal and courage ; nor was it until 
 all his ammunition was expended, and every support denied him 
 by the General, that he reluctantly abandoned the important 
 pass. When his party were drawn back, the Duke's army, witli 
 their cannon in front, slowly defiled along the Itridgo, and formed 
 
in line of battle as tbey came over tlie river. The Duke com- 
 nianded the foot, and Claverhouse the cavalry. It would seem 
 tliat these movements could not have been performed without; 
 at least, some loss, had the enemy been serious in opposing them. 
 But tlie insurgents were otherwise employed. With the 
 strangest delusion that ever fell upon devoted beings, they chose 
 these precious moments to cashier their officers, and select others 
 in their room. In this important operation they were at length 
 disturbed by the Duke's cannon, at the very first discharge of 
 which, the horse of the Covenanters wheeled and rode oft", break- 
 ing and tram})ling down the ranks of the infantry in their flight. 
 Monmouth humanely issued orders to stop the effusion of l)lood ; 
 but Claverhouse, burnino- to avenge his defeat and the death of 
 his cornet and kinsman at Druraclog, made great slaughter 
 among the fugitives, of whom four hundred were slain. Man}' 
 of the fugitives found shelter in the wooded parks round Hamil- 
 ton Palace. IMore than a thousand were taken prisoners, many 
 of whom afterwards suifered for their belief on the scaffold." 
 The Covenanters were for the time being scattered, Init although 
 cast down they were not destroyed, and the old spirit never died 
 out until the hated National Episcopal Church was abolished, 
 and Presbyterianism became officially recognised. 
 
 "Gi'cat changes have been made on the scene of the engage- 
 ment. The gateway, gate, and house of the bridge-ward have 
 long ago been removecL The old bridge was only twelve feet 
 broad, but in 1826 twenty-two feet were added to its breadth. 
 The open park m which the Covenanters were posted is now 
 changed into enclosed fields and plantations : and the moor upon 
 which the royal army advanced to the engagement is now a 
 cultivated and beautiful region, and verify even better now than 
 formerly the words — ' 0, Bothwell Bank, thou bloomest fair.' " 
 
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BOTHWELL CASTLE. 
 
 T^HIS fine relic of the oklcn time, wliicli still rears its loi'ty 
 to\v(u-s over a sloping bank on the north side of the Clyde, 
 exhibits, even in its decayed state, striking remains of its ancient 
 splendour, and of the wealth and power of its former lords. 
 
 It is a large quadrangular building, 234 feet in length, 
 having two lofty towers which tlauk its corners on the east, and 
 a great tower to the west end. The walls are upwards of fifteen 
 feet in thickness, and in many places sixty feet high. Within 
 this quadrangle were situated, so as to enclose a court in the 
 centre of the building, the halls and apartments for the accommo- 
 dation of the owner and his family. From the size, however, of 
 some of the windows in the outer wall, looking toward the river, 
 it would appear that some of the rooms had been lofty and 
 splendid, and on a scale not often met with in the strongholds of 
 ancient Scottish barons, where the capability of resisting an 
 enemy was to them an object of more importance than splendour 
 or accommodation. The chapel walls are still tolerably entire, 
 and we may therefore form some idea of what it once was. It 
 is upwards of fifty feet in length, and has been lighted from the 
 inner court by a range of handsome pointed windows ; at the top 
 of several, the remains of tracery may still be observed. 
 
 The great tower at the west end was, in all probability, the 
 keep or stronghold of the castle. In it the stairs which lead to 
 the top — from whence there is a beautiful and extensive view — 
 are still pretty entire. In various parts of the outer v/alls are 
 carved the coats of arms of some of the ancient proprietors. 
 Three mullets, the device of the famil}^ of Murray, lords of Both- 
 well in the thirteenth century, and a heart and three mullets. 
 
that of the Douo;lascs, can still be recou'iiised. Extensive a.s the 
 ruins still existinc: are, there are reasons which would lead us to 
 think that the castle was, when entire, much more so. The re- 
 mains of old walls have been discovered in trenching the 
 surrounding grounds, and these, in all prol)ability, were the 
 foundations of ]»art of the outwoiks which dcfei'ded and enclosed 
 the outer court. The great entrance was in the centre of the 
 north front, but this portion of the wall having entirely fallen, 
 its appearance cannot now be ascertained. Several smaller 
 entrances or sally ports are, however, still to l)e seen. Both well 
 Castle will ever l)e an object of great interest, as well as beauty. 
 We cannot enter its hallowed precincts, but we feel " we tread 
 upon some reverend history." When wc gaze upon the open 
 courts which now lie naked to tlie injuries of stormy weathei', 
 the mind is filled ^^•itli ancient recollections. Bothwell is rich 
 in historic associations. The name of the patriot and the op- 
 pressor are for ever united with it. Here Edward I. and the 
 instruments of his tyranny held guilty deliberations, and from 
 hence they issued forth to oppress and destroy. Here resided 
 Sir Andrew Murray, one of the earliest and most valuable of 
 AVallace's compatriots, and his son, the regent, the protector 
 alike of the kingdom, and of the son of the noble Bruce. Here 
 was displayed the grandeur of the haughty DougUises, who vied 
 with the splendour of royalty. The castle stands amid^it the 
 extensive pleasure grounds surrounding the modern mansion- 
 house of Bothwell, which is situated a little to the east. The 
 modern house is externally plain and unadorned, but it is an 
 extensive and commodious family mansion. 
 
 History and tradition are alike silent as to the original erec- 
 tion of Bothwell. The earliest notice of it is said to be made in 
 a writ by William de ^Moravia, Dominus de Bothwell, to the 
 monks of Diyburgh, gi'anting a discharge of cert;iin multures. 
 He Avas one of tlie great barons fsummoncd to lierwick to judge 
 
of the claims of Bruce and Baliol. His son, Sir Andrew Murray, 
 designed Lord of Bothwell, sometimes dominus de Chjdesdale. 
 was one of the earliest of Wallace's compatriots, and the only- 
 powerful baron who adhered to him. His son, Sir Andrew, 
 joined Bruce upon his assorting his claim to tlie Scottish crown, 
 and continued with him throuf>;h all his cliano;e of fortune. He 
 afterwards married Christina Bruce, King Eobert's sister. Upon 
 the accession of David Bruce to the throne, he still adhered 
 firmly to their interests. In 1332, during the absent e and 
 minority of the king, he was appointed regent. He was a true 
 patriot, and his nomination revived the spirit of David's party. 
 The same }'ear he attacked Baliol at Eoxburgh, and, after an 
 obstinate battle was taken prisoner, and sent into England. 
 Upon being ransomed, he was again appointed regent. After his 
 death, John, his son, dying without issue, was succeeded by his 
 brother Thomas, who at his death left an only daughter. During 
 the greater part of the period we have detailed, the Castle of 
 Bothwell was in the hands of the English. It was given by 
 Edward I., during his disgraceful usurption, to Sir Aymer 
 d'Valance, Earl of Pem'broke, whom he had made governor of the 
 South of Scotland. After his defeat by Bruce at Loudon Hill in 
 1307, Sir Aymer fled to Bothwell In 1314, after the battle of 
 Bannockburn, the Earl of Hereford took refuge here. The castle 
 was however reduced by Edward Bruce; and the Earl, and all 
 who had sought security Avithin, were taken prisoners. During 
 the minority of David Bruce, it again fell into the hands of the 
 English, when Edward HI., on his return to England in 1335, 
 appointed Sir John Stirling, a Scot of Baliol's party, to be 
 governor of that castle. It was again retaken by the Scots in 
 1336, with some French auxiliaries, under the Eail of March, 
 Sir William Keith, and Sir William Douglas, but was soon 
 afterwards abandoned to Edward HI., who resided there for some 
 time, and from which he issued writs summoning a parhament. 
 
The following year it was again reduced by the Earl of March 
 and Sir AVilliam Douglas. Joan, daughter of Thomas INIurray of 
 Botliwell, married Archibald the Grim, third Earl of Douglas, 
 who added the three mullets of the Murrays to his coat of arms, 
 and adopted the castle as his residence. The lordship of Both- 
 well belono-ed to the Earls of Douglas until the forfeiture of the 
 family, when it fell into the hands of the king, James TIL, who 
 granted it to Sir John Ramsay, whom he created Lord Both well. 
 In 1488 he was foifeited in the parliament held by James IV. 
 at Edinburgh. The lordship was in the same year granted to 
 Lord Hales, who was created Earl of Bothwcll. In 1492, he 
 transferred the lauds of the lordship of Botliwell, with the castle, 
 to the Earl of Angus, representative of another branch of the 
 house of Douglas, in exchange for Liddesdale, but the superiority 
 of Bothwell, with the patronage of the Collegiate Church, con- 
 tinued with the Earl of Bothwell till the forfeiture of James, the 
 fourth earl, in 15G7. This was the man so notoriously marked 
 in the annals of Scotland for the audacity and splendour of his 
 crimes, who married tlie unfortunate Mary Queen of Scots. 
 Lady Jane Gordon, wife of this audacious character, whom he 
 got divorced to pave the way for his marriage with the cjueen, 
 enjo}'ed a jointure from the lordship of Bothwell till her death 
 in 1G29. The Church of Bothwell, which stands in the imme- 
 diate vicinity of the village, is of great antiquity. It was in 
 1390 converted into a Collegiate Church by Archibald the Grim, 
 the first of the Douglases who possessed the lordship of Both- 
 well. He added a choir to the church, and conferred on the 
 establishment revenues sufficient for its support. The earl died 
 in 1401, and was buried in the church. His daughter Marjory 
 was in the same year, in the church at Bothwcll, married to the 
 Duke of Rothesay, Prince of Scotland, son of Robert HI. TJie 
 structure is still preserved on account of its great anticpity, but 
 it has long been useless as a place of worship. 
 
THE CLYDE AT BOTHWELL. 
 
 ril H E scenery at this place is provcrliially beautiful. The 
 grounds are richly wooded, particularly towards the river, 
 which here makes some graceful sweeps that add greatly to the 
 effect. Numerous walks intersect the woods along the banks of 
 the stream, presenting a continual succession of the most lovely 
 scenes. In autumn, when the leaves begin to change their 
 colour and assume a variety of hues, the scenery of this part of 
 the Clyde is rich beyond description. 
 
 *' O bi'oad and limpid river, 
 O banks so fair and gay; 
 O meadows verdant ever, 
 O groves in green anuy; 
 O woods that to the breezes 
 With waving branches play." 
 
 Indeed, all this portion of the vale of the Clyde, including 
 several miles, possesses surpassing beauty, and, from its great 
 variety, the eye does not become fatigued with contemplating it, 
 for 
 
 " What's the eye's treasure 
 But change of objects 1 " 
 
 In this enchanting stretch of country, gardens and orchards 
 are seen on every hand. Stately trees, "pine or monumental 
 oak," shed their leafy glory around, and cover the sloping banks 
 in some places to the very brink of the stream, and the labour of 
 the husbandman cover the land, gladdening and enriching the 
 
scene. The river has now lost its nionntciin character. It, no 
 doubt, rushes onward with great velocity, but its banks have 
 changed their a})pearance, and the hills, instead of approaching 
 close to its bed, and at times almost choking up its course, now 
 recede to a distance, and leave on its margin beautiful and ver- 
 dant meadows, richly cultivated and divided by hedgerows and 
 trees. The vale of the Clyde between Hamilton and Lanark, 
 and the country around these towns, constitute the orchard dis- 
 trict. These orchards, while they enrich and beautify the 
 country, are extremely valuable. The trees are planted in rows 
 about forty feet distant from one another, and from fifteen to 
 twenty feet from plant to plant. Besides large orchards, every 
 kitchen garden is planted with fruit trees, and almost every field 
 is fenced with 
 
 " Circling rows 
 Of goodliest trees, laden with fairest fruit." 
 
 We know not if there be anything peculiar in the soil or climate 
 of this pleasant district of country, but it is a fact, not unworthy 
 of notice, that, from the earliest times of which we have any 
 knowledge, its fruits have been celebrated. Merlin, the Cale- 
 donian poet, while reprobating the battle of Arderyth, which is 
 supposed to have been fought near Airdrie, is very lavish in 
 praise of the apple trees of Lanark. 
 
 The charms of the district when the fruit trees aie in blossom 
 resemble those of the palm groves of the Tropics; and the 
 appearance of it, as seen from the vantage ground on the flanks, 
 is like that of a vast landscape garden, and the recesses of it, 
 especially in the Literal ravines, abound \\ ith picturesque close 
 scenes. 
 
ANDREW DUTHIE'S 
 
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