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Digitized by the Internet Archive 
 in 2017 with funding from 
 Getty Research Institute 
 
 https://archive.org/details/memorialsofhospiOOhumb 
 
WINCHESTER: 
 
MEMORIALS 
 
 OP THE 
 
 HOSPITAL OF ST. CKOSS 
 
 AND 
 
 notice of Hofile Poljirta* 
 
 BY THE 
 
 KEY. L. AI. HUMBERT, 
 
 M.A. OF ST. JOHN^S COLLEGE, OXFOED, AND 
 MASTEE OF ST. CEOSS. 
 
 ILLUSTRATED WITH THIRTEEN PHOTOGRAPHS BY W. SAVAGE. 
 
 AND NUMEROUS WOODCUTS. 
 
 WIN CHEST EE : 
 
 WILLIAM SAVAGE, PHOTOGRAPHIC PUBLISHER, HIGH STREET. 
 
 LONDON : 
 
 MESSRS. PARKER & CO., 377, STRAND. 
 
 M DCCCLXVIII. 
 
THt GEnY CEi'iicK 
 LIBRARy 
 
DEDICATION TO THE BISHOP OF WINCHESTER. 
 
 tijc |UgM 
 
 C|arks ^umiwr, 
 
 liBTb §isI]oji 0 f iEmtkster; 
 
 |alate of tlje most iioMc ©rkr of tlje 6ai1n“ ; 
 gatroii: anti ^^isitot of tlie fos^ital of <^amt Cross, 
 
 (iT?>Y JMlorb, 
 
 \\^ ITH deep thanhfulness I avail myself of the privilege 
 of sending forth these pages under your Lordship's patronage. Whether 
 from a public or private point of view, there is assuredly no one to tchom 
 I could ivith so much propriety dedicate these Memorials of St. Cross. 
 Origincdly founded by one of your distinguished predecessors in the See 
 of Winchester, resuscitated by another, and largely endowed by a third ; 
 this noble Institution is, in these last days, not a little indebted to your 
 Lordship's oiun generous supervision. 
 
 times of L>e Blois and Beaufort, of Wykeham and 
 Fox, have long since passed away ; and our lot is cast in days of re- 
 trenchment and economy. But ive rejoice that the See of Winchester, 
 (spared during your Lordship's Episcopate), has hitherto remained 
 unimpaired ; and that ivhile we possess a spiritual Father in the Gospel, 
 tve have also a Prelate in tvhose large and iinostentatious liberality we 
 are often reminded of the munificence and zecd that distinguished some 
 of the earlier rulers of this important diocese. 
 
Dedication. 
 
 ^J^OTHING could have elicited more sti'ongly the expression 
 of regard and filial affeSlion entertained by your clergy than the recent 
 serious illness ivith jvhich it pleased God to visit your Lordship, to 
 the sorroiv of all classes alike, throughout your extensive jurisdidiion. 
 God has graciously heard the prayers offered up from so many hearts ; 
 and still preserves your vcduable life, for the comfort of your family, the 
 good of your diocese, and the ivelfare of the Church at large. That He 
 may long continue to do so, and that ive may long reap the henfit 
 of your fatherly counsels, and gladly folloiv your godly admonitions, is 
 the sincere prayer of the Master and BrethreJi of your Hospital 
 of St. Cross. 
 
 I remain. 
 
 With cffeSiionate respeSl, 
 
 Your Lordship's faithful and devoted Servant, 
 
 'M. SI* ]]^TJMBERT. 
 
 July, 1868. 
 
P R E FA C E . 
 
 TT Anil be scarcely deemed necessary to offer any apology to 
 the Public^ for tlie publication of a new and more complete 
 Work descriptive of the past History, the present aspect, and the 
 future prospects, of this unique Foundation. The grajdiic and 
 faithful sketch of the historian Milxer belongs to a past era. 
 Even the Lecture of the present Master, delivered nearly tAveHe 
 years ago to the Hampshire Church School Society, though it 
 has reached a fourth edition, can hardly satisfy the requirements 
 of more than the passing stranger Avho visits the ancient place 
 for an hour, and desires to carry away a brief and inexpensive reminiscence. 
 
 The present work is designed to supply Avhat seems to be a real Avant. It not 
 only offers an elegant aiDpendage to the draAving room or library table ; but, it is 
 hoped, an acceptable and permanent contribution to the archseology of Hampshire ; 
 and Avith this view the Master intends to make as much use of the valuable 
 Documents under his custody as may be consistent with what is meant to be a 
 popular Work. 
 
 It must be added, that the Book has been projected in the hope of procuring, 
 by means of its sale, further funds towards continuing the Eestoration of the 
 Church of St. Cross, which though so well begun, is still far from completed. 
 IMauy remnants testify to the richness and character of the stained glass AA'hich 
 once filled its AAindows : it is desired to devote the means AAdiich may become thus 
 available sjoecijically to the restoration of that portion of its former magnificence. 
 
 Unavoidable absence from home has someAvhat limited the Author’s opportunities 
 of consulting manuscripts and memoranda, to Avhich he could otheiwise have had 
 free access at all times ; and a reference or verification not made at the moment is 
 sometimes forgotten till too late. While, however, he ATiitures to plead this as 
 some apology for any inaccuracy or omission AA'hich may have crept into his little 
 book, and escaped detection on his part, he trusts that the work has not suffered 
 materially from the cause thus named. He only hopes that the subject may prove 
 one tithe as interesting to the reader, as it is to the Avriter, to Avhom its preparation 
 has been truly a 'Habour of love.” 
 
|art (0itc. 
 
 PAST HISTORY OF THE PLACE. 
 
 Page 
 
 Foundation by Henry Do Blois ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 14 
 
 Administration by the Knights Hospitallers of St. John of Jerusalem ... ... ... 16 
 
 The Early Difficulties ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 20 
 
 William de Edyndon ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 21 
 
 WiUiam of Wykehani’s Episcopate, and John de Cainpeden’s Restorations ... ... 24 
 
 Cardinal Beaufort’s Endowments and New Foundation ... ... ... ... ... 29 
 
 The beginning of the Sixteenth Century. — Times of Bishop Fox and Robert Sherborne... 34 
 Times succeeding the Reformation ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 37 
 
 In the Days of Dr. Lewis ; and during the Commonwealth .. ... ... ... 41 
 
 After the Restoration of the Monarchy ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 45 
 
 From the earlier portion of the last Century to the present time ... ... ... ... 49 
 
 The Dotes ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 53 
 
 Notices of the Brothers ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 56 
 
 A List of Contemporary Bishops of Winchester, and Masters of St. Cross ... ... 60 
 
 A List of the Rectors of the Parish Church of St. Faith ... ... ... ... ... 62 
 
 
 PRESENT ASPECT AND EXISTING BUILDINGS. 
 
 The Church ... 
 
 Beaufort’s Tower, Refectory, and Master’s Residence 
 The Rooms of the Brethren ... 
 
 The Ambulatory 
 
 The Park, Meadows, and Gardens ... 
 
 64 
 
 73 
 
 76 
 
 77 
 
 78 
 
 I art fbrtc. 
 
 RESTORATION AND FUTURE PROSPECTS. 
 
 The Provisional Scheme for Management ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 82 
 
 First Attempts at Restoring the Church ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 85 
 
 Lack of Funds. — An unexpected and unknown Benefactor ... ... ... ... 88 
 
 Resumption and progress of the Work ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 89 
 
 What remains to be done ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 91 
 
 Conclusion ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 92 
 
 Appendix 1. — Re-opening of the Church of St. Cross at Winchester ... ... ... 94 
 
 Appendix 11. — The Church of the Hospital of St. Cross .. . ... ... ... ... 96 
 
Index. 
 
 WOODCUTS FROM PHOTOGRAPHS AND SKETCHES BY MR. SAVAGE. 
 
 Page 
 
 IIAIF-TITLE 3 
 
 POETER’S LODGE, (vignette) 13 
 
 WILLLOI OF IVYKEHAM 24 
 
 ARMS OF WYKEimi 26 
 
 CREST AA'D MOTTO OF BEAUFORT 29 
 
 LEATKERN JACKS and CANDLESTICKS 31 
 
 BEALTORT’S CHAIR 32 
 
 BADGE AND MOTTO OF FOX 34 
 
 XEIVELL OF STAIRCASE IN HALL 35 
 
 MOTTO OF SHERBORNE 35 
 
 ST. CROSS SEAL 40 
 
 PORTER’S LODGE (large) 53 
 
 TRIPLE ARCH C5 
 
 PISCINA and BRACKET 69 
 
 DOLE— HATCHES IN TRANSEPT 71 
 
 TRIPTYCH IN HALL 74 
 
PAR T I 
 
 |*0SSt of l^lOfF. 
 
 “Hatt. ! pious roofs, by grateM Heney raised, 
 
 Where toil-worn age may rest, and Christ be praised! 
 
 The tidal sweep of time on idndred halls 
 Has scarcely left a remnant of their walls, 
 
 Save where that faithful friend to ruined things, 
 
 The mantling ivy timely succour hrings, 
 
 And hy her strong tough arms and hands sustains 
 The crumhling vestiges of what remains. 
 
 But tliine, St. Cross, a kinder fate have found; 
 
 No ruins here deform thy hallowed ground; 
 
 Nor e’er has echo from thy towers been driven 
 Since first they rose and heard the song of heaven.” 
 
 T here are some Institutions and Buildings 
 ■wMch so unmistakeably bear upon tbeir 
 surface and upon all tbeir surroundings the aspect 
 of antiquity that they seem to invite investigation ; 
 and to stand out as credible witnesses of bygone 
 ages, waiting to be questioned and cross-examined 
 as to the part they have borne, and the scenes they 
 have witnessed, in times remote. 
 
 St. Ceoss will be recognised at first sight as 
 one of these speaking monuments ] and on further 
 acquaintance and examination wiU not disappoint 
 our just expectations. Its ancient charters and 
 leases, registers and accounts, have been very fairly 
 preserved ; and little more than patient industry is required to construct a reliable 
 narrative of its rise and progress, from the early days of our purely Norman 
 Sovereigns to the present time. 
 
 We begin with its Foundation by De Blois. 
 
 B 
 
14 
 
 The Hospital of St. Cross, ^ 
 
 FOUNDATION BY HENEY DE BLOIS. 
 
 ENEY, the brother of King Stephen and grandson of the Conqueror^ was 
 
 -■ — •- promoted by his unclej Henry I, from the Abbey of Glastonbury to the 
 Episcopal See of Winchester, and consecrated in a.d. 1129. It appears that, even 
 in earlier times than his, there had been a religious foundation upon the same spot, 
 which had been left in ruins by the Danes. Of this, however, little or nothing 
 is certainly known. The real history of St. Cross begins with the episcopate of 
 De Blois; and, as early as a.d. 1137, in the month of March, there is a Bull of 
 Pope Innocent II confirming the rights and possessions of the Hospital. In May, 
 A.D. 1114, Lucius II confirms the same more fully; specifying the names of several 
 churches, including Fareham and Twyford, whose tithes were appropriated to the 
 support of this charity, which was expressly founded for “ the Poor of Christ, 
 humbly and devoutly serving God.'’^ 
 
 The following is a translation of a portion of the Charter of Foundation. “ The 
 “manner of the service and the constitutions made by me are these : — Thirteen poor 
 “men, feeble and so reduced in strength that they can scarcely, or not at all, support 
 “themselves without other aid,* shall remain in the same Hospital constantly; to 
 “whom necessary clothing, provided by the Prior of the Establishment, shall be 
 “given, and beds fit for their infirmities; and daily a good loaf of wEeaten bread of 
 “the weight of five measures, three dishes at dinner, and one for supper, and drink 
 
 “in sufficient quantity And, besides these thirteen poor men, one hundred other 
 
 “poor persons, as deserving as can be found and more indigent, shall be received at 
 
 “the hour of dinner, &c And other benefits also, to be mercifully performed to 
 
 “those in need, we command to be done according to the ability of the House.” 
 
 Such were the simple objects of the pious Founder of this place: — that the 
 “ poor of Christ ” might be suitably clothed and fed ; that they might have the 
 opportunity of “ humbly and devoutly serving God ” in the sanctuary ; and that, 
 in proportion to the means in hand, other works of piety and mercy should be here 
 
 * “ Ita viribus attenuati ut vix aut nuntjuam sine alterius adminiculo se valeant sustentare.” 
 
Alms House of Noble Poverty. 
 
 15 
 
 performed tliroughout all succeeding ages. The main question was, — under whose 
 superintendence and direction these objects could be most securely carried out and 
 perpetuated? This question appears to have been fully thought over, and not 
 hastily decided. At length, in A.n. 1151, by an instrument in which he recites 
 the previous confirmations of Innocent and Lucius, De Blois solemnly delivers up 
 the care of his newly constituted Hospital to the providence of God; and then 
 grants the administration of it to the venerable in Christ the lord Eaymund, 
 blaster of the Hospital of Jerusalem, and his brethren, in regular succession for 
 ever. How far the good Bishop made a vdse selection in the comptrollers and 
 administrators of his charity, we may be enabled to determine better as we proceed. 
 At least he acted for the best ; and the Hospitallers of St. John were deemed to 
 have the management of such institutions under their special care. 
 
 De Blois lived for more than twenty years after this act; and no doubt 
 personally superintended the construction, and the architectural details, of all the 
 eastern portion and transepts of the magnificent church; as well as directed the 
 charitable gifts which were there bestowed, dealing out his liread to the hungry, 
 and clothing the naked nith raiment. His eyes had now become dim by reason 
 of age, after an active episcopate of forty-four years. But his lilierality was not 
 stinted ; and we are told that he increased his charities to such an extent as scarcely 
 to leave sufficient maintenance for himself and his servants. 
 
 “OxE charitable deed is father still 
 
 To many more; and thus through time 
 
 The streams of wisdom and of charity 
 Are ever fed, still widening as they flow ; 
 
 E’en as yon Itchen, whose translucent wave 
 
 In narrow bed these venerable walls 
 
 Now sweetly laves; then, widening through the vale 
 
 Far down a broad and ample water rolls 
 
 Into the friendly Solent. May De Blois 
 
 Be cherished here till Itchen cease to flow ! ” 
 
i6 
 
 The Hospital of St. Cross, & 
 
 AD]\imiSTEATION BY THE KNIGHTS HOSPITALLEES OE ST. JOHN 
 
 OF JEEUSALEM. 
 
 iHE connection of St. Cross Hospital ■with the Brethren of St. John, commenced 
 
 as already stated, was maintained more or less during the next century and a 
 half, and was not finally renounced till a.d. 1303. Adrian IV (Pope from a.d. 1154 
 to 1159) formally assented to tliis arrangement, and confirmed the guardianship of 
 the Hospital to Eaymund of Jerusalem and his brethren. Pope Alexander III, 
 the immediate successor of Adrian, followed, “ after the steps of his predecessors of 
 happy memory. Innocent, Lucius, Eugene, and Adrian,” in his approval of the 
 Hospital of the venerable Bishop of Winchester, who was then stfil living ; and 
 confirmed the custody of St. Cross to Walter, Prior of the Hospital of Jerusalem 
 in England, and to his brethren. 
 
 In A.D. 1173, Eichard Toclive succeeded De Blois. The new Bishop was 
 quite alive to the welfare of his predecessors work at St. Cross ; but he was not 
 content with its management by the Hospitallers. And, after some disputes, an 
 agreement was entered into between the Bishop and the Knights Hospitallers, on 
 the intervention of King Henry II, in a.d. 1185. The good Bishop on his part 
 added one hundred poor persons to the hundred and thirteen already provided for ; 
 he assigned for the sustentation of the Hospital of Jerusalem, and of the poor of 
 Christ in that Hospital perpetually, the rent of fifty silver marks ; and absolved 
 the brethren of St. John for ever from the payment of the yearly pension of ten 
 marks of silver, and of two large altar candles of ten pounds of wax, which they 
 were accustomed to pay yearly to the monks of St. S-withiu for the House of 
 St. Cross : while, on the other hand, the Knights entirely resigned their claims 
 to the Hospital and its administration into the hands of the Bishop, never at any 
 future time to demand the same of him or his successors. “Now this transaction 
 “ took place in the year of the incarnation of our Lord, one thousand one hundred 
 “and eighty-five, the fourth before the Ides of April, in the pontificate of Pope 
 “Lucius III, in the thirty-first year of the reign of Henry the Second, King of 
 “England, at Dover; Heraclius, the Patriarch of Jerusalem, and Eoger de Molius, 
 
Alms House of Noble Poverty. 
 
 17 
 
 “ Master of the Brethren of Jerusalem^ then in England^ being there present: — these 
 “ being Tritnesses; Henry, the hlustrions King of England, Heraclius, the Patriarch 
 “of Jerusalem, John, Bishop of Norwich, Eandulf de Granville, Justiciary of the 
 “Lord the King in England, Herbert, Archdeacon of Canterbury, etc.” 
 
 Only two years afterwards, Clement III, just raised to the papal chair, 
 completely upset this arrangement, and restored the administration of St. Cross to 
 Canerius, Prior of the Hospital of Jerusalem in England, with the addition of 
 sundry privileges : as, for example ; “ When there is a general interdict in the land, 
 “ ha'sing closed the doors, and shut out the excommunicate and interdicted, you may 
 “ then celebrate Divine Service nith a suppressed voice, and no bells sounding. You 
 “may also receive clerks or laymen fleeing from the secular power, freely and 
 “ absolutely ; and retain them in your college 'without contradiction from any one.'’' 
 
 On the accession of Eichard to his father's throne, in a.d. 1189, lie confirmed 
 by royal charter “ to God, and St. John the Baptist, and the Brethren of the Hospital 
 “of Jerusalem, the House of the Holy Cross near Winchester, with all its 
 “ appurtenances,~in churches and lands, in wood and plain, in meadows and 
 “ pastures, in waters and mills, in ways and paths, and in all other places, and in all 
 “ other things, with aU their liberties and free customs,” — in the presence of the 
 Archbishop of Canterbury, and numerous Bishops and Earls, and David, brother 
 of the King of Scotland. 
 
 A few years later than this, in the pontificate of Celestine III, (a.d. 1197,) in 
 consequence of a complete misunderstanding between Godfrey de Lucy, the next 
 Bishop of Winchester, and the Hospitallers of St. John, a commission was issued 
 by the Pope to the Bishops of London and Lincoln, and Hugh, Abbot of Eeading, 
 to investigate carefully the whole case in dispute ; the respective parties, on the 
 appointment of Gilbert de Vere as Prior, appearing in the presence of the said 
 commissioners “at Windsor, on the morrow of the Sunday in which Cantaie 
 Boynino is sung.” It Avas then proposed by the commission that the Hospitallers 
 of St. John should, for certain compensation, (thirty pounds annually toAvards the 
 support of the poor at Jerusalem, or for home purposes,) utterly renounce the rights 
 they claimed in the custody and administration of St. Cross. Before acceding to 
 such a proposal they asked time to gain the consent of their Preceptor, Garcia de 
 
 * Readers of mediceval chronicles will observe that many Sundays are distinguished solely by the names 
 of the anthems or introits sung on them; thus; — (from Roger de Iloveden) — “on the Lord’s Day before 
 ‘ Lcetare Jerusalem ’ is sung.” Sundays were called, “ Dominica jubilate,” “ Dominica resurrexi,” “ Dominica 
 cantaie" and so on. See Koake’s Monastery and Cathedral of AV'orcester, page 208. 
 
i8 
 
 The Hospital of St. Cross, & 
 
 Lycia^ then abroad. After repeated delays from one festival to anotherj and one 
 or two curious, if not amusing incidents, t the Commissioners “ by the advice of 
 men prudent and learned in the law,” proceeded to pass judgment against the 
 aforesaid Prior and Brethren, and relieved the Bishop of Winchester from all 
 interference on their part touching the said House of Holy Cross ; sa\dng in all other 
 things the constitutions of Henry, formerly Bishop of Winchester, of good memory, 
 concerning the exhibition of the poor and their support . 
 
 Henceforth the control of the Knights practically ceased. And soon afterwards 
 we find the succeeding Bishop of Winchester, Peter de Bupibus (a.d. 1204), acting 
 with complete independence, and appointing his owm Master, Alan de Stoke, the 
 first whose appointment is distinctly chronicled. The terms of the appointment will 
 be interesting in extenso : — 
 
 “ To all the faithful in Christ, Peter, by the grace of God, Bishop of Wmchester, 
 “ etemal greeting in the Lord. Among the works of piety it is not esteemed the 
 “ least when the benefit of the poor is respected, and their support so provided for 
 " that it may •with prudent discernment continue and remain ; the Scripture bearing 
 ” mtness, which declares, ‘ Blessed is the man who considereth the poor and needy, 
 “ the Lord shall deliver him in the time of trouble.' Wherefore we, desirous to 
 “ take heed that the distribution of alms to be made to the Poor of Christ by the 
 “ constitution of the Lord Henry the Bishop, in the House of St. Cross, Wmchester, 
 “ may not be defrauded or perish, have elected Mr. Alan de Stoke, whom we know 
 “ to be a prudent and faithful man, and have committed to hun the cure of the 
 " said House with the appurtenances, to have and to hold freely, and quietly, and 
 “ peaceably for the whole time of his life, saving to us and to our successors our 
 “ authority and dignity therein. And, in testimony of this appointment, we have 
 “ made to him the present charter confirmed with our seal.” 
 
 It was towards the close of this (thirteenth) century that the western portions 
 of the church were brought to something like a state of completion, and the 
 magnificent west -nfindow added, dining the Mastership of Peter de Sancta Maria ; 
 whose decorated tomb, with its handsome canopy once highly enriched 'v^ith 
 colour, forms a conspicuous feature in the north aisle of the nave. The purbeck 
 marble coffin is still there : and within the recollection of a lady yet alive the body 
 
 f “ They had sent, as they said, two of their brethren to tlic aforesaid Preceptor ; one of whom stayed 
 behind in parts beyond the sea, and the other, being returned, fell into such sickness that he was not in his 
 senses, and therefore they could not be certified by him,” 
 
Alms House of Noble Poverty. 
 
 19 
 
 of tlie venerable occupant 'was found entire, and even the features perfect. The 
 body itself did not endure exposure, but shreds of the costly cope were long- 
 preserved. The pnrbeck cover, which had been unfortunately broken, has been 
 replaced in stone, with the name and date a.d. 1295. The old inscription was, 
 “ Hie jacet magister Petrus de Sancta Maria quondam custos hujus domus.'’' 
 
 Thus the church, which had been sumptuously begun ” a hundred and fifty 
 years before, was at last brought to its present dimensions, and finished in the 
 outline, and made completely available for Divine Worship throughout, though 
 stdl, as we shall see, unfinished. 
 
 At the commencement of the next century, in a.d. 1303, the Knights 
 Hospitallers, through “William de Tochdale, the humble Prior of the Hospital 
 of St. John of Jerusalem,” formally and finally relinquished aU. claim to St. Cross, 
 in favour of John de Pontissara, Bishop of Winchester, by an Instrument dated 
 “ the second nones of June, in the 31st year of the reign of King Edward the 
 son of King Henry.” 
 
20 
 
 The Hospital of St. Cross, & 
 
 fSp eM ^ ^ ^ cjrt cjs fiw wrt CM W <vw fjrt CM ftw 
 
 fji 7J\ jJ\ /J\ /J\ IJ\ 7^ 7^ TJX TJX 7^ TJX TlX TJX TJX ^X TJX TJX TtX TJX TJX TJX TJX TJX TJX TJX T^ T^ T^ TJX TJX TJX ^X TJX 
 
 THE EAELY DIFFICULTIES. 
 
 LL obstacles in tlie way of the progress and prosperity of St. Cross 
 
 -LA- -were not, however, removed by the completion of the church or the final 
 expulsion of the Knights. Eobeut de Maydenestan xvas now Master ; and, from 
 an enquiry made by Bishop Henry Woodcock in the first year of his consecration 
 (a.d. 1304), it would appear that considerable abuses had already crept in. 
 Sentence of deprivation was subsequently pronounced against Maydenestan ; and 
 a few days later the Bishop issued a mandate for the admission of Gilbert le 
 Forester, Mr. John de Fareliam, and Eobert de Colyiich priest, as brethren of 
 the said House. 
 
 It was just at this period that Pope Clement V (a.d. 1305 — 1316) issued his 
 Constitution, “Quia contingit,^^ * to remedy the misappropriation, waste, and 
 negligence, xvhich was evidently becoming general in the management of “ Houses 
 for the reception of strangers. Leper-houses, Alms-houses, or Hospitals;” and 
 ordering “ Inventories of the goods of such places, and a yearly account of the 
 administration, to be rendered to the Ordinaries.” 
 
 In A.D. 13E1, Bishop Eeginald de Asserio caused an enquiry to be made 
 concerning the defects of the House at St. Cross, and for what it might be duly 
 repaired. At this time Geoffrey de Wellefoed was instituted on the 
 presentation of King Edward II, on the plea that the See of Winchester was 
 vacant. It was not, hoxvever, without considerable opposition that he was 
 admitted to the Mastership. Dying soon afterwards, he was succeeded by 
 Beeteand de Asseeio in the follounng year. Bertrand was followed by Petee 
 DE Galiciano ; against whom, as “ \rithout canonical title and notoriously unfit 
 for such custody,” Bishop John de Stratford in the last year of his episcopacy 
 took proceedings, after due citation, stating that the said “Master de Galiciano 
 had misapplied the rents and profits of the House, in granting the same to 
 suspected and foreign persons who take flight to foreign parts, to the known 
 dilapidation of the goods of the said House, and subtraction of the alms.” 
 Consequently a sequestration of the goods and profits of the House of the Holy 
 Cross was granted to Master Eichard de Hyde, rector of the church of Wykeham, 
 in October, a.d. 1333. Peter, however, gained the ear of the king, Edward III ; 
 and in a.d. 1335 a royal mandate was issued to the sergeant-at-arms to defend him, 
 and collect his rents and profits, against all opposition. 
 
 * Quia contingit ” ; so named from its Latin commencement. In English ; “ Because if ofttunes Jiapj^ens 
 tliat the Governors of Houses for the reception of strangers,” etc. 
 
21 
 
 Alms House of Noble Poverty. 
 
 ^YILLIAM DE EDYNDON. 
 
 'HIS great Master, afterwards Bisliop of Wincliester, succeeded GaUiciaiio. 
 
 Being at that time rector of Cheriton, an enquiry was issued by Bishop 
 Adam de Orlton, in April a.d. 1336, to determine whether the custody of the 
 Hospital was compatible with the Eectory : a question which the Commissioners, 
 Alexander, Prior of the Church of Winton, and Alaster John de Uske, the official, 
 decided in favour of the new Master ; on the ground that his cixstody had not the 
 cure of souls annexed. After Edyndon had held possession of the Hospital for 
 eight years and upwards, it was discovered by Pope Clement YI that, the previous 
 Master ha\Tng been a Chaplain of the Apostolic See, the appointment had 
 canonically lapsed for that turn to the Pope. But, willing to shew the present 
 occupant a special favour, — on account of his having “repaired the Hospital 
 “ buildings vrith costly work, and having expended many large sums of money in 
 “ that behalf, and in restoring to its former beauty ” what he found decayed and 
 ruinous, — Clement issued a commission, dated from Avignon, to induct Edyndon 
 afresh, in due form. 
 
 An ancient register, still in possession of the Hospital, amply confirms the papal 
 reference to the substantial work of Edyndon. He found the buddings, though 
 sumptuous, in a collapsed and ruinous state •, and he set to work to repair them at 
 great cost. He found the church still unfinished, and thatched with straws; and he 
 roofed the nave with lead ; he also inserted the elegant clerestory windows, and 
 glazed them ; and budt anew^ two pinnacles at the west end. He budt a chamber 
 for the Master; and roofed the “hundred mennes^ hall.” It w-as during his 
 incumbency that Mdliam Byflete, rector of Morestead, gave a pulpit to the 
 church. Byfiete’s pulpit has long since disappeared ; but is now^ not unworthily 
 represented by a handsome structure of w’alnut and oak, designed by Mr. Butterfield, 
 and presented by Mr. William Savage, of Winchester. 
 
 In the midst of his w’ork, De Edyndon was raised to the episcopal throne of 
 the diocese, which he filled with great credit. He was the first Prelate of the 
 new Order of the Garter. Pie also commenced the rebuilding of the cathedral, which 
 
 c 
 
22 
 
 The Hospital of St. Cross, & 
 
 was completed by Wykeliam. He was succeeded at St. Cross by Eaymund de 
 Peleguini^ a nominee of Pope Clement VI. The ceremony of induction is 
 minutely described^ and may interest the reader. “ On tbe 14tb day of May^ a.d. 
 “1345^ after tbe hour of vespers, before the gate of the Hospital or House of St. Cross, 
 “near Winchester, in the presence of the notary public, and other witnesses, the 
 “ venerable man Mr. Eaymund Pelegrini, Canon of London, presented and exhibited 
 “ certain letters ajmstolical; — to wit, one of grace, and another executory, of our 
 “ lord the Pope, being true leaden bulls, sealed after the manner of the Eoman 
 “ Court, not vitiated nor cancelled, but free from all error and suspicion, — to the 
 “venerable man Mr. John de London, rector of the church of Esher iu the diocese 
 “ of "Winchester, the sub-executor concerning the provision or grace in such process, 
 “ together nith other his colleagues.’^ The Deed goes on to describe “the said 
 “letters apostolical; to mt, the one of grace nith silken threads, and the other 
 “ executory with canvass threads;”. . . and proceeds: — “Eorthvith the said Mr. John, 
 “ by the delivery of the principal door of the said Hospital, and afterwards of the 
 “bell-ropes, delivered nito the hands of the said Mr. Eaymund, did, by the 
 “ apostolical authority committed to him, actually and effectually induct the said 
 “kir. Eaymund Pelegrini into the corporal possession of the same Hospital or 
 “ House, and all its rights and appurtenances; and subsequently, the same Mr. John 
 “ advancing to the high altar of the church, iu fuller token of such possession, 
 “ delivered and assigned to the said Mr. Eaymund a book, to wit, a missal ; and a 
 
 “ chalice : the rector of the church of Alresford, and others in very great 
 
 “ numbers, the servants and ministers of the Hospital, being present.” 
 
 “After these things, on the seventeenth day of the same month, at Southwark, 
 at the manor of the reverend Eather, the lord IVilliam, by the Grace of God, 
 “Bishop of Winchester, — in the presence of me, the notary public, and of the 
 “ witnesses under- written, specially called for that purpose, to wit, Mr. John de 
 “Uske, rector of Burghclere, John de Beautre, rector of Ereshwater, and John de 
 “ London, rector of Esher, of the diocese of "Winchester, — the aforesaid ]\Ir. 
 “ Eaymund presented and exhibited the aforesaid letters and process to the said 
 “lord William, Bishop of M^inchester, and requested that he would admit him as 
 “the true Master, or Warden, of the House of St. Cross. And the said Bishop, 
 “ having reverently admitted the said letters, and diligently inspected them, did, 
 “ as far as in him lay, admit the aforesaid kir. Eaymund, etc. These things were 
 “ done, as above recited, in presence of the said witnesses. Upon aU which matters 
 “ the aforesaid Mr. Eaymund requested me, the notary under- written, to make a 
 “public instrument. And I, Eobert de Notyugham, clerk of the diocese of York, 
 
Alms House of Noble Fovertij. 
 
 23 
 
 “by aiDostobcal authority public notary, was present at all and singular tbe 
 “ premises, together Anth the aforesaid Aiitnesses.” 
 
 IIoAv much one would like, by some magic charm, to recall that spectacle of 
 more than five hundred years ago ! The church itself looking much as it noAv does ; 
 its western pinnacles just completed, the nave-roof recently leaded, the fine Avest 
 Avindow in all its beauty. But how different all else! BeauforBs toAver and refectory 
 not built; — De Campeden^s work not thought of; — the brethreifis houses probably at 
 the south and east sides of the church, where the marks of the original cloister, and 
 the blocked up entrance to the south transept, stiU remain; and Avhere the foundations 
 of the old buildings may be traced. But let us look a little further. The external 
 ceremony is over : the papal letters have been duly inspected, and are clearly “ true 
 leaden buUs, duly sealed, and free from error the silken and canvass threads are 
 all right ; the great western door is formally delivered. And noAA’, the procession 
 enters the church ; and, after the bell has been tolled under the tower, Iioav much Ave 
 should like to follow Master John and Master Kaymund in then* advance to the 
 high altar ; and see the furniture and decorations and plate ; and compare notes 
 Avith the present aspect of things. But the vespers at St. Cross, and the quaint 
 pomp and circumstance of five hmidred years ago, are gone by for ever; and, however 
 they may excite our imagination, can never be reproduced. 
 
 The blaster, thus solemnly installed, Avas not long in office ; for in the folloAAing 
 Bebruary, Eichard de Luteshulle was presented by Bishop Edyndon, Eaymund 
 de Pelegrini having resigned his charge, by reason of exchange for the prebendal 
 church of Gillingham, in the Diocese of Salisbury. He was succeeded, after three 
 years, by John de Edyxdon, a nephew of the Bishop, in a.d. 1349. 
 
24 
 
 The Hospital of St. Cross, ^ 
 
 WILLIAM OF WYKEHAM^S EPISCOPATE, AND JOHN DE 
 CAMPEDEN^S EESTOEATIONS. 
 
 r I IHE distinguished Prelate, whose well-known statue heads this section, was a 
 native of the Hampshire village that still retains the name which it conferred 
 upon him, and which he has immortalised. After rendering essential services to 
 King Edward III as an architect, especially in the improvement, or rather 
 rebuilding, of Windsor castle, he was advanced to posts of higher importance ; and 
 at last, on the death of Edyndon, consecrated Bishop of Winchester, in a.d. 1366. 
 He was also made Lord High Chancellor of England. 
 
 The name of this great man has been most uidely disseminated in connection 
 with the two noble Colleges, which he founded and endowed, at Winchester and 
 Oxford. But he has also left the stamp of his character and energy on St. Cross. 
 In the same year that he became Bishoj) the younger Edyndon was succeeded by 
 William de Stowelle, as Master of the Hospital. In the year following Stowelle 
 effected an exchange with Sir Eichaud de Lyxtesford, rector of Burghclere. 
 Not long afterwards Lyntcsford proposed to make a further exchange with Sir 
 
Alms House of Noble Poverty. 
 
 25 
 
 Eoger de Clohne, rector of tlie churcTi of Campsall, in the archdiocese of York : 
 and TVilliam. of Wykeham, being at that time ^“'in many ways so occupied in 
 various and difidcult affairs of the king that he could not personally attend to 
 the despatch of such exchange,” duly commissioned the Archbishop, in his stead, 
 to hear, examiue, and fuUy discuss, the causes of the exchange ; and to authorise 
 it, if he approved. Whereupon De Cloune became Master, in a.d, 1370. 
 
 Two years later, when Wykeham had more leisure to examine ])ersonally into 
 the affairs of St. Cross, he found that great irregularity and gross abuses had 
 attended these repeated exchanges. He summoned StoAvelle and Lyntesford 
 successively before hhn, in the chapel of his manor of Highclere. And there, in the 
 presence of John de Campeden, Canon of the church of Southwell, and many other 
 discreet persons, they made their submission : and “ swore, on the Holy Evangelists, 
 “ that they would ia no vase contradict in right or fact the Bishop^s decree, under 
 “a penalty of £100 sterling; one moiety thereof to be applied to the exchequer 
 “chamber of our lord the Pope, and the remaining moiety to the fabric of the 
 “ cathedral church of WTnton,” on the restoration of which the Bishop was so busily 
 engaged. The following month the episcopal commissioners pronounced sentence 
 against De Cloune, to the extent of deprivation ; unless he should take the oath 
 required by the Clementme constitution, (referred to in a previous section,) and 
 make a faithful and fuU inventory of aU the Hospital goods, and render an annual 
 account "of the profits to the Diocesan or his deputy. This sentence was resisted; 
 and an appeal was made to the Pope, Gregory XI ; who commissioned the Bishop 
 of London to summon both parties before him, and settle the dispute. The 
 Bishop constituted Dr. Thomas de Baketon, canon of Lincoln, his delegate ; who 
 affirmed the judgment of the previous court, and condemned De Cloune in the 
 lawful expenses incurred. It is stated, in this judgment, that “four priests and 
 “thirteen secular clerks have been used, and ought of ancient custom, to be 
 “supported, to perform and minister there in divine offices; also one hundred poor 
 “ men; and the other goods of the same Hospital ought to be charitably distributed 
 “to certain needy persons ; saving the portion of the Master thereof, according to 
 “the ancient foundation.” 
 
 On the failure of De Cloune to establish his case he Avent abroad ; and the 
 Bishop managed the affairs of the Hospital by his kinsman and agent, Nicholas he 
 Wykehaw, some nine years or more; until, on the death of the Ex-Master, he 
 appointed his confidential friend and archdeacon, John de Campeden. 
 
26 
 
 The Hospital of St. Cross, & 
 
 By the appointment of this excellent and energetic Master^ the illustrions Bishop 
 completed his good work for the Hospital; and earned the gratitude ofallwho^in 
 succeeding ages^ have been interested in St. Cross. The vigour and perseverance with 
 v'hich he recovered and restored to their original charitable purposes the revenues and 
 possessions of this noble foundation, are but a small specimen of that devotion to 
 business, and to all Avorks of piety, education, liberality, and art, which has 
 enshrined the name of Wykeham in the hearts, not of Wykehamists alone, but of 
 all Avho have any coiniection Avith AVinchester. 
 
 Still to tliy gentle spirit do belong 
 
 The spots where thou didst live thy earthly span : 
 
 And he who, musing, roams these haunts among 
 AVill still meet thee ; and read, if read he can, 
 
 The lesson of thy life, — that ‘MAnuEES makytii man.’ 
 
 the 4th of March, a.d. 1383, John be Campeden, Eector of Cheriton, in 
 the person of his procurator, AAMliam, was inducted into the custody of the Hospital, 
 by Sir Henry de Derneford, SteAAurd of the Alms House or Hospital of the Holy 
 Cross ; on special condition of his making the required inventory, rendering the 
 annual account, and duly administering the goods of the charity. The Bishop 
 Avould have no further misunderstanding on this point : his directions are most 
 explicit. “Our faithful son. Master John de Campeden, Bachelor in decrees, 
 “ rector of the parish church of Cheriton, in our diocese, is admitted by us to the 
 “custody of the Hospital aforesaid; according to the form of the Clementine 
 
 “constitution, ' Quia contingit, ’ to make afaitliful inventory of the goods of 
 
 “the same House, and duly to administer the same goods, and also aimually to 
 “ render a reasonable and true account thereof, according to the requirements of 
 “ the constitution aforesaid : and he has sAvorn so to do.” On this occasion, “ Sir 
 “ Henry, the steward, led AA^illiam, the procurator, to the outer gate of the Close 
 
Aims House of Noble Poverty. 
 
 a; 
 
 “ of the Hospital : and^ by the delivery of the ring of tlie same gate^ inducted him 
 “into the corporal possession of the said Alms House or Hospital, with all its 
 “ rights and appurtenances ; and committed to him the care and administration of 
 “all its spiritual and temporal goods. Then, leading him to the door of the 
 “ church, he also gave and dehvered the ring of such door : then, he delivered into 
 “ his hands the cords of the bells ; and the same procurator rang the said bells for 
 “ a certain time. And immediately afterwards, leading hun to the high altar, he 
 “ gave and delivered up, as before, into the hands of the same procurator, the cups, 
 books, vestments, and other ornaments of the church of the same Hospital; and 
 “ assigned him a stall in the choir. Then the aforesaid Steward led him to the 
 “ hall, to the place of the greatest honour, where the Master and chief Wardens of 
 “ the same Hospital were used to sit at table at dinner time ; and caused the same 
 “ procurator to sit dorni ; and made and monished the brethren, clerks, and other 
 “ servants and ministers of the same House, humbly to obey, and deferentially to 
 “ wait on, and serve with effect, the same procurator, as to the chief warden there.'’'’ 
 
 In April, A.D. 14)01, a careful inquisition was made into the extent and value 
 of the closes, gardens, and adjacent lands, belonging to the Hospital, and bounded 
 by what is termed, in that document, “ the great river running towards Twyford, 
 “ and so into the sea, commonly called Ichen-streeme.'” It mentions “ the water 
 “mills of the same Hospital, called St. Cross mills;’'’ and “the orchard, called the 
 “ north garden, contaming in length and breadth three acres and a half of land, and 
 “ worth yearly three shillmgs and sixpence.” Also “ another garden, commonly 
 “ called the porter’s garden, containing twelve perches and a half of land ; and 
 “ worth yearly fourpence.” 
 
 De Campedeu was, like his patron Wykeham, an energetic builder ; and soon 
 turned his attention both to the church, and to the hospital buildings geuerall 3 ^ 
 
 In the seventh and eighth years of King Prichard II, (a.d. 1384,) he built anew 
 the tower of the church ; and roofed the chancel and the aisles. He constructed 
 the eight glazed windows in the lantern, beneath the belfry ; and the sixteen lights 
 in the triforia of the choir. He entirely remodelled the interior arrangements of 
 the church ; he erected fresh stalls, and a high altar of alabaster with a painted 
 reredos. He also paved'*' the church throughout; and fitted uj) one of the 
 chapels, vrith desks and forms, for the thirteen brethren. In the church alone the 
 
 * T}iis gives the date (a.d. 1390) of the mucli admired and numerous encaustic tiles. Eemuauts of the 
 same patterns are to he seen in his church at Cheriton. 
 
28 
 
 The Hospital of St. Cross, & 
 
 works were continued for five or six years. And indeed we may fairly say tliat the 
 sacred edifice was brought to its completion by him^ about 265 years after its 
 foundation had been laid by De Blois. A very exact account of CampedeAs work 
 has been preserved in his register, and of the cost at which it was effected ; very 
 little short (it has been estimated) of £27,000 of our present money ! An enormous 
 sum under the circumstances of the case. For he tells us that during his incumbency 
 the income of the Hospital was inadequate to meet its ordinary burdens. 
 
 He Campcden outlived his great patron by about five years, and died in the 
 earlier portion of BeauforFs episcopate. He lies buried in the church which he so 
 much loved, and so carefully adorned; and a magnificent monumental brass, in 
 excellent preservation, perpetuates his memory ; and has probably made his name 
 familiar to many who have been little aware of his princely munificence. 
 
 The simple words which he has chosen for his monumental inscription, after 
 his name and designation, are ; — 
 
 “I know tliat my Redeemer livetli, etc.” — Job xix. 35, 37. 
 
 “ Jesu, when Thou comest in judgment, condemn me not ; 
 
 Thou who fashionedst me, have mercy on me.” 
 
 On his memorial slab, and elsewhere, in the place of armorial bearings he 
 ajipears to have chosen the emblems of our Hordes passion, as shewn in the fourth 
 and lowest shield beneath. The uppermost belongs to the first Founder De Blois. 
 The other three, representing Wykeham, Campeden, and Beaufort, are found hi 
 the bosses of the nave vaulting. 
 
Alms House of Noble F overly. 
 
 29 
 
 CAEDINAL BEAUFOET’S ENDOWMENTS AND NEW EOUNDATION. 
 
 — “ In every household called The Caedinal ! 
 
 Rich was his rohe, his hat of flaming red ; 
 
 And taller than the rest he seemed a head. 
 
 No Levite hard, nor hitter priest was he, 
 
 But from his cruse the oil and wine poured free : 
 
 And, when a mendicant in tattered weed 
 Knelt on his pavement in the hour of need, 
 
 His Almoner he called, with tender air. 
 
 And hade him make the suppliant his care.” 
 
 C AEDINAL BEAUEOET, at tie recommendation of his haE-brotherj King 
 Henry IV, was elevated to the See of Winchester, upon the death of the 
 venerable Wykeham, in a.d. 1401. During all the earlier portion of the forty- 
 three years that he held the See he was engrossed in other and less charitable 
 works, which have gained him the reputation of an ambitious and unscrupulous 
 statesman. But the care wliich the famous Cardinal bestowed, and the sacrifices he 
 made in the latter years of his episcopate, upon the enlargement of St. Cross, and 
 the munificent Eoundation of Noble Poverty, form a redeeming feature in his 
 character, even in the estimation of such as are least favourable to his memory. 
 
 For the endomnent of his pious and cherished design, the Alms House of 
 Noble Poverty, he obtained a charter from his Nephew, Kuig Henry "SL : who, 
 “ on the second day of March, in the twenty-first year of his reign, gave licence to his 
 dear uncle, the venerable Father in Christ, Henry, Cardinal of England and Bishop 
 “ of Winchester, to grant and assign to the Master or Warden of the Hospital of the 
 Holy Cross, near M^inchester, manors, lordships, and advowsons of chmnhes, to 
 ''the value of five hundred pounds yearly , (a very large sum in those days,) in aid for 
 
 D 
 
30 
 
 The Hospital of St. Cross, & 
 
 “ ever of certain charges and works of piety therej according to the ordinances and 
 ‘‘ statutes of Hs said great uncle Henry^ Cardinal of England/^ Beaufort.^ on his 
 park paid into the king’s treasury 13,350 marks, as stated in the royal charter. 
 The advowsons of the church of Crondall and St. Eaith were shortly added to the 
 endomnent. 
 
 The formal Constitution of Beaufort’s celebrated Alms House bears date 
 Eebrnary 4, a.d. 1446 ; to which considerable addition in the way of endowment 
 was made on the 36th October of the same year. The following extract from the 
 second docnment, bearing the later date, mil give a sufficient idea of the Cardinal’s 
 noble design. 
 
 “ Whereas, with the licence of the most Christian prince, our lord King Hemy YI, 
 “ and with the consent and assent of our beloved sons, Master Thomas Fouest, 
 “ Bachelor of Laws, Master or Guardian of our Hospital of the Holy Cross, near 
 “ AYinchester, and the Brethren of our said Hospital, we have founded within the 
 ^‘'precincts thereof our certain Alms House, called of Noble Poveuty, of two 
 “ priests, thirty -five brethren, and three sisters, under the rule of the said Master 
 “ Thomas Eorest, and his successors, — we have also charged to be observed, 
 “ fulfilled, and performed, certain devotions and observances expressed in our said 
 “ statutes.” And then, — fearing that he had not done enough, and that the value 
 of his gifts might, in tract of time, be diminished, and that so “ irreparable ruin 
 (which God forbid) might overtake the aforesaid House of Alms,” — he adds : — 
 “ So far, therefore, as with God’s assistance we are able, wishing to provide against 
 “ such events of future loss and uncertain chances, we do grant, unite, annex, and 
 “incorporate the parish church of Crondall, at present void by the death of 
 “Master John Foxholds, the last rector thereof; also, the said Master of our said 
 “Hospital we have inducted into the real and corporal possession of the said 
 “church of Crondall, with its rights, udth the consent of our archdeacon, by 
 “ delivery of our coif. And we, and our successors. Bishops of Winchester, will at 
 “all future times for ever defend the induction of the said Master and his 
 “successors.” Then follows the annexation of the church of St. Eaith, the 
 Hospital of St, John, Eordingbridge, and the chapelries of Etchenswell, Cold 
 Henley, and St. James’s, Winchester. 
 
 Beaufort’s buildings were quite commensurate vdth his other grandly conceived 
 plans for the formation and perpetuation of his Bomus Eleemosynaria NoUlis 
 Bmipertatis. The lofty and elegant gate-tower, which still bears Ms name ; the 
 
Alms House of Noble Poverty. 
 
 31 
 
 finely proportioned refectory, with its imposing entrance; and the master’s and 
 brethren’s houses, with their quaint chimneys. These are all noble specimens of Ms 
 architecture ; and justly entitle the royal Cardinal to take rank 'with his royal jjre- 
 decessor De Blois, as more than a benefactor, even a second Founder of St. Cross. 
 
 But, amid his benevolent schemes, his end was fast approaching ; and death 
 carried him off* without permitting him to witness their completion. The 
 substantial bmldings remain. But, alas ! despite every precaution which lie had 
 taken, his noble design bas never been really carried out to this day. The 
 iutentions of the donor, however, are not forgotten by those who are indebted to 
 Mm for tbe place in wMch they dwell ; and there is reason to hope that his last 
 wishes may even yet be realised to a very considerable extent. What are termed 
 Ms candlesticks and salt cellars are still preserved, with some old leathern jacks 
 for beer, and are to be seen in tbe refectory. The chair attributed to Mm seems 
 of later date. 
 
 * Shakspeare lias done justice only to the darker features in the renowned Cardinal’s portrait. We would 
 take liis sketch of the last scene in its most charitahle interpretation. 
 
 “ K. Eenry. Peace to his soul, if God’s good pleasure he ! 
 
 Lord Cardinal, if thou think’st on heaven’s bliss, 
 
 Hold up thy hand, make signal of thy hope ! 
 
 He dies, and makes no sign. 0 God, forgive him ! 
 
 Warwicl-. So bad a death argues a monstrous life. 
 
 K. Henry. Porbear to judge, for we are sinners aU.” 
 
 Second Paet oe Heney VI, Act iii. 
 
32 
 
 The Hospital of St. Cross, & 
 
 An interesting inscription on brass, near tbe west entrance of the cburcb, 
 remains, to tbe memory of one of bis faitliful servants, as follows : — 
 
 “The yere of cure Lord mccccl and Wo, 
 
 Upon the xi day, in tlie month of Feverer, 
 
 The soul of John Newles the body passed fro’. 
 
 A Brother of this place, restjmg under yis stone here. 
 
 Born in beanie (?), squyer and servant more yan xxx yere 
 Unto Harry Beauford, Busshop and Cardinal. 
 
 Whos soules God convey, and his moder dere. 
 
 Unto the blisse of Heven that is eternal. Amen.” 
 
 <^arclinal Beaufort was succeeded by William of Waynflete, in a.d. 1447. 
 We find tbe new Bisbop in tbe third year of bis episcopate appointing two Brothers 
 on ^^the New Foundation of Noble Poverty,” in the room* of others of tbe same 
 foundation, who (in bis own words) bad “ gone the way of all flesh and again 
 two others, very few years later. But it is evident that tbe scheme of tbe late 
 Cardinal bad never been fully carried out. On tbe contrary, in a royal charter of 
 tbe 33d Henry VI, dated August 6, a.d. 1455, it is stated that ‘^no such Abns- 
 “ House, mtbin the site of the said Hospital of St. Cross, is founded or established j 
 “ but it is probable such pious and devout intention of our said uncle will be 
 ‘‘ frustrated and brought to naught : ” to prevent which “ we have given licence 
 “to William (Waynflete), now Bishop of Winchester, to erect and establish a 
 “ certain other perpetual Hospital, to be for ever called the Alms Hotise of Noble 
 "Poverty of Henry, Cardinal and Bishop of Winchester, son of John, Duke of 
 
 * There are stUl purbeck slabs witliiu the communion rails, in memory of two Brothers of the “New 
 Foundation of Henry, Bishop of Winton and Cardinal of England.” The inscriptions are in Latin, and 
 perfectly legible. 
 
Alms House of Noble Poverty. 
 
 33 
 
 “ Lancaster, of noble memory/'’ By virtue of tbis licence from tbe Cro'wn, a- grant 
 from Bisbop Waynflete, May 12, a.d. 1460, confirms to tbe "warden, cbaplains, 
 brethren, and sisters, of tbe new Bonndation ” all tbe original property made over 
 
 by tbe King. 
 
 But, just when we might have hoped for tbe completion of Beaufort’s munificent 
 plan, there was a serious change in tbe government of tbe country. For tbe 
 following year tbe white rose supplanted tbe red; tbe House of York became 
 dominant in the person of Edward VI j and tbe disastrous consequences to tbe 
 charity are summed up in tbe sadly reduced scheme of Waynflete, published in tbe 
 last year of bis episcopate, August, a.d. 1486. "Although our most venerable 
 "brother Henry, of good memory, our predecessor, bad erected, etc.— yet in time, 
 "and by tbe craft of succeeding persons, tbe lordships, rents, tenements, and 
 " possessions, are wboUy taken from the said Hospital, and occupied hy the power 
 " of nolle persons. Hence, it being incumbent on us to have regard to divine 
 
 "meditation, divine worship, etc., as tbe intention of our predecessor cannot be 
 
 ‘‘ wholly perfected on account of tbe reasons in these premises, and, having regard to 
 " bow far tbe advantages of such fruits and ecclesiastical benefices yet remain,— We 
 " appoint and ordain, by our ordinary power, that from henceforth there shall be 
 " there two brethren in charge of the private prayers in the said new Alms House, 
 "bke unto the ancient brethren, though differently cladj and one perpetual 
 " chaplain at the presentation of the Master.'” 
 
 This is confirmed by Peter Courtney, the succeeding Bishop, in a.d. 1487, 
 with some further particulars as to their allowances We appoint from henceforth 
 " that the chaplain receive ten marts, and each of the brethren sixty-six shillings 
 " and eightpence, by the hands of the Master, to be paid quarterly : and 
 " moreover, we allow yearly to the said poor persons ten shillings for their washing 
 " and shaving ; and to the Master, for overlooking and rule of the said chaplain 
 " and brethren, we allow one hirndred shillings of lawful English money.” 
 
 In A.D. 1489, Eichard Harward, Doctor of Laws, Master of the Hospital 
 of St. Cross, " over which he had for a long space of time presided, did freely 
 " resign the same House, on condition that provision and chambers be assigned to 
 " bim and to three of bis servants, by authority of the Bishop, or his commissary 
 " having laufful and sufficient power.” Harward lived nearly four years after his 
 resignation •, and lies buried in the church where he is commemorated by a small 
 brass on tbe north side of the chancel. He was succeeded by Dr. John Lychefeld, 
 the immediate predecessor of Egbert Sherborne. 
 
34 
 
 The Hospital of St. Cross, ^ 
 
 THE BEGINNING OE THE SIXTEENTH CENTUEY.— TIMES OE 
 BISHOP EOX AND EOBEET SHEEBOENE. 
 
 ICHAED EOX was translated to the See of Winchester in the beffinnins? of 
 
 ^ this century, a.d. 1501. He had been of essential service to Henry VII in 
 less prosperous days, before his accession to the throne ; and had been made Bishop 
 of Exeter soon after the victory of Bosworth field, when Courtney Avas translated 
 to Winchester. During the earlier years of Bishop Eox’s episcopate Eobeet 
 Sheeboene, a native of the county and a Wykehamist, presided over St Cross. 
 While the Bishop and Prior Silkstead were pursuing their noble and magnificent 
 plans for the repairs and decoration of the eastern part of the cathedral, and 
 rivalling the work of Wykeham and' Edyndon in the nave, Eobert Sherborne 
 at St. Cross Avas folioAving in the steps of De Campeden and Beaufort, and 
 completing Avhat aaes stiU unfinished there. His favourite motto, " Dilexi 
 sapientiam,'^ Avith his initials " E. S.,^' is found both carved in stone and painted 
 in glass in several parts of the buddings, and in the Avindows. The specimen 
 given is from the fire-place of the porter’s lodge, Avith the date a.d. 1503. It 
 occurs in the same form in the room above the lodge, supposed to have been the 
 infirmary ; and again, carved round the singular pillar which supports the 
 charming little oriel window in the centre of the ambulatory. Indeed we may 
 fairly suppose all the eastern side of the quadrangle, from the porter’s lodge to the 
 church, including the picturesque octagonal turret staircase, Avith its admixture of 
 brick, stone, and flint, and the oaken piers which support the covered communica- 
 tion with the church, to have been the w^ork of Sherborne. Subsequent 
 alterations at the latter end of the seventeenth century, account for the stone 
 which bears the name of a later Master, Henry Compton. 
 
Alms House of Noble Poverty. 
 
 35 
 
 Annexed is an engraving of tlie tand-rail to tlie rough 
 stone staii’s “which give access, at present, from the 
 refectory to the Founder’s chamber, or muniment room, 
 over the gateway. And from the pelican, the well-known 
 emblem of Bishop Fox, which surmounts the lower post, 
 we may suppose this alteration in the stairs to be of 
 the date of Fox and Sherborne, An alteration it evidently 
 is, and of a ruder kind than the original work. In 
 A,D, 1505 Sherborne was promoted to the bishopric 
 of St, David’s; and in a,d, 1508 to that of Chichester, 
 where he spent large sums of money in beautifying his 
 cathedral, and died in A,i), 1536, 
 
 At this time, in a,d, 1507, the parish church of St, Faith was pulled down, 
 with the sanction of the Bishop, And it is said that the font and bell were removed 
 to the Hospital-church, which has been in use among the parishioners ever since, 
 as for all practical purposes then own church, 
 
 A monumental brass records that, in a.d. 1518, Thomas Lawne, Kector of 
 Mottisfont, was buried in the church. But what connexion he had with the 
 Hospital, or whether the priestly ef&gy, and the inscription beneath it, really belong 
 to each other, is not at all evident, 
 
 John Claymhnd, a prebendary of Wells, of which cathedral Fox had been for 
 a short time Bishop, was made Master of St, Cross, in a,d, 1517 ; and subsequently 
 became the first President of Corpus Christi, the new College which Fox, following 
 the example of some of his distinguished predecessors, had just erected in Oxford. 
 This fact accounts for the memorandum in Wood, that the “Statutes of Corpus 
 “Christi College, composed by the Founder, were pubhely read before inanv 
 “ persons in the church of St, Cross, near Winchester,” 
 
 On the resignation of Claymund, Master John Incent,* Vicar-general of the 
 
 *Or Innocent: made Dean of St. Paul’s in 1537. His are a curious specimen of nhat Heralds 
 
 denominate speaking Arms, viz. — “Argent on a bend gules, a fair and innocent virgin, with hair 
 
 “loose about the shoulders. Or ; her right hand holding two roses, and reaching over her head, and her left 
 “extended before her person.” 
 
36 
 
 The Hospital of St. Cross, & 
 
 Diocese^ was collated by Bishop Fox to the Mastership, on the 14th June, a.d. 1524. 
 A few extracts from the carefully kept account of his Steward, William Pare, clerk, 
 may prove interesting. They date “ from the Feast of St. Michael the Archangel, 
 " in the seventeenth year of the reign of King Henry VIH, unto the same feast 
 next following in the eighteenth year of the same king, and in the third year 
 “ of Mr. John Incent.” 
 
 “Paid for bread, wine, and other necessaries for Divine Service within the 
 Church this year 
 
 “To John Bridges for repairing the vestments and other ornaments of the said 
 Church of St. Cross 
 
 “ In money paid to John Rodford, Master of the Choristers, for divers necessaries 
 by liim bought and provided for the exhibition of the said Choristers 
 
 “And in money by the Steward in this year paid for divers other necessaries 
 bouglit for the exliibition of the Clioristers, as appears in the book of 
 purchases 
 
 “In a reward given to tlie parishioners of Twyford coming with banners at the 
 Feast of Whitsuntide last past 
 
 £ s d 
 4 19 5i 
 
 0 13 9 
 
 0 10 9 
 
 106 9| 
 0 0 13 ’ 
 
Alms House of Noble Poverty. 
 
 37 
 
 TI^ilES SUCCEEDING THE EEEOEMATION. 
 
 STIREING period had now arrived. The revival of literature had a vast 
 
 influence upon religion ; and nowhere were the consequences more marked 
 than in this country. Henry was no longer the champion of the Papacy. In this 
 state of things, on the 20th of September, a.d. 1535, a Visitation of the Hospital 
 was made by Dr. Thomas Leigh, “ Commissary of the famous and honourable man. 
 Master Thomas CromweU, Visitor-General of the most illustrious Prince in Christ, 
 Henry Vlil. Such a visitation was no light matter to the religious houses of 
 that day; and, for the most part, was the precursor of their dissolution. But St. Cross 
 endured the scrutiny of the Visitor-General; who only found certain things 
 requiring reformation.” After referring to the qualifications and support of the 
 thirteen Brothers, he orders that the “ Poor men shall have sufficient and proper 
 “ clothing and food vithin the said House, according to the will of the Pounder, 
 “and that it le not given them in money counted in any manner for the same. 
 “ Also, that the hundred-hall-poor shall not be served at the gates as mendicants, 
 “ like as was not long ago accustomed to be done ; and such dinners shall be 
 “ distributed to them who study and labour with all their strength at handywork 
 “ to obtain food : and, m no case, shall such alms be afforded to strong, robust, 
 “ and indolent mendicants, like so many that wander about such places, who ought 
 “ rather to be driven away with staves, as drones and useless burdens upon the 
 “ earth. And also, some discreet and honest priest of the House shall hear and 
 “ teach the poor inhabitants here the Lord^s prayer, and the Apostles^ creed in 
 ‘‘English; which prayer and creed all the poor men shall say together in the 
 “Church before dinner. And also the Master, or President, shall not exhibit 
 “ rehques, images, or miracles, Avhen sought for; but shall earnestly exhort pilgrims 
 “ and guests to give to the poor and needy what they would have offered for such 
 “purposes. And also the Master shall in nowise diminish the number of the 
 “priests, presbyters, sacrists, and others within this House, that have been used 
 
 E 
 
38 
 
 The Hospital of St. Cross, & 
 
 “to minister here, on the Foundation, or hy custom; and he shall observe all 
 “ and singular other things unbroken which the Foundation aforesaid, or laudable 
 “ custom, have hitherto required to be done here. Also, he shall have in this 
 “ House a library ; in which, besides other necessary books, shall be placed 
 “printed volumes of the New and Old Testaments, the works of Jerome, Augustine, 
 “ Theophylact, and others of the most ancient fathers of a similar kind.'’^ * 
 
 Yet, as a lingering vestige of departing Papistry, it is directed that, ndthin the 
 course of a month, a mass shall be said for the souls of the Founder, of the 
 reigning King, and of Queen Anne. Poor Anne Boleyne, so soon to be hurried 
 off the scene by the ruthless tyrant ! 
 
 In regard to the temporal concerns of the Hospital, the Alaster was to deliver, 
 before the ensuing Christmas, into the hands of the Yicar-General, the charters and 
 muniments ; together with an inventory of all its goods and effects, and a rental of 
 its property. Such were the injunctions. Clearly Master lucent, and his steward 
 AVilliam Pare, had their house and property in order : and no ill consequences 
 accrued to St. Cross from that dreaded visitation of Thomas Cromwell and his 
 Commissary : Avhich, for so many ancient religious foundations, was the prelude of 
 the coming storm which swept them clean aAvay. 
 
 In A.D. 1515 William Medowe, M.A., on the death of Incent, was appointed 
 Master by Bishop Gardiner, in a form udiich begins thus ; — “ Stephen, by divine 
 “permission. Bishop of lYinchester, fortified Cj the royal authority, to our 
 “ beloved in Christ, AYilliam Medowe, etc.” He was succeeded by Dr. John Leefe, 
 in June, a.d. 1557 ; who, dying within two months, was followed by Dr. Robert 
 P tAYNOLDS, on the 24th August in the same year. After holding the custody of 
 the Hospital but two years, (during which, however, he contrived to lease away 
 a part of the corporate property, which it cost his successor in the trust much 
 trouble to recover,) he was replaced by Dr. John Watson; nlio, after presiding 
 at St. Cross for twenty-one years, was raised in his old age to the episcopal throne 
 of the diocese. 
 
 lYatson Avas of good service to the Hospital in procuring, after much ]iains and 
 expense, a reversal of his predecessor’s job in leasing avray the Hospital property. 
 It appears by an Act of Parliament of Elizabeth, (a.d. 1576,) that Eaynolds 
 “procured divers leases and estates unduly to be made, and sealed with the 
 
 For some unexplained reason this not unimportant clause is partially erased in the original docirment. 
 
39 
 
 Alm^ House of Noble Poverty. 
 
 “ corporate seal of tlie Hospital^ being in his custody, to one Ealph Cleverly, upon 
 “ secret trust between them, absolutely for his own use not only of a great 
 ''part of the Mansion House of the said Hospital, with the batehouse and 
 "brewhouse, orchards, gardens, and closes adjoining, and heretofore kept in 
 " the proper occupation and use of the Hospital for the better houseteepmg and 
 " sustentation of the poor ; but also, of certain rents of wheat and malt, and also 
 " of one little manor called Ashton, of the yearly value of ten pounds.” After 
 " clivers great and troublesome suits in law, to the great travail and expense of 
 "John Watson, clerk, now Master of the said Hospital,'^ it was enacted by 
 authority of Parliament, that both the said leases be made void, and of none effect 
 against the now Master and Brethren j and further, to avoid the like inconvenience 
 in time to come, at the hnmhle request of the said John Watson, provision was 
 made to prevent the leasing out in future of the premises and lands ■wdthin the 
 precincts of the Hosjhtal of St. Cross and parish of St. Faith. 
 
 Master Watson appears to have made several members of his family serviceable 
 in the administration of the Hospital, as we gather from their names very neatly 
 carved upon one of the bookstands now in the south chapel of the choir. First 
 there is the father, "John Watson, Master of this j)lace”; next, "Sir John Watson, 
 Chanter;” then, "Sir Henrie Watson, Stewarde;” “Sir John Wright e, Curate;” 
 and, finally, “E. Ganet, Singing-man; the year of Christ, 1573.” This proves, 
 by the way, that the choral service in the church of St. Cross survived the 
 Eeformation, and had not fallen into desuetude in the reign of Queen Elizabeth. 
 
 The vacancy, caused by the elevation of Dr. Watson to the See of Winchester, 
 was fiUed by the apj)ointment of Eobeet Beivnett ; on whose becoming Bishop 
 of Hereford, in a.d. 1603, the Queen designated the Hon. George Brooke, 
 brother of Lord Cobham, as the Eitnre Master, But, Elizabeth dying, her successor, 
 James I, set aside the nomination in favour of one of his countrymen, 
 James Hudson ; though eventually, in consequence of Hudson being a layman, 
 it was conferred upon Aethue, Lake, a brother of Sii‘ Thomas Lake. Lake 
 became Bishop of Bath and Wells, And at length, in a.d. 1616, the King- 
 succeeded in putting into St. Cross a countryman of his o\vn, and, apparently, a 
 layman also. Sir Petee Yoxjkg, Knight. He had been Tutor to James; and, in 
 that capacity, had been placed about his person by friends of the episcopal church 
 to counteract the influence of his presbyterian Tutor, Buchanan. In a rough draft 
 of a lease of St. Cross, Sir Peter is described as one of His Majesty^’s Privy Council 
 in Scotland. His youngest son was made Dean of Winchester, 
 
40 
 
 The Hospital of St. Cross, & 
 
 The oldest Eegister of births, marriages, and deaths now remaining to the 
 Hospital begins with this curious notice of him, in the handwriting of John Hunt, 
 the then Chaplain : — “ The cause of the losse of the former Eegister, as far as I 
 “can gather, was this : — ^When Sir Peter Young, a Scotchman, was Master of this 
 “ Hospital, which was in the dayes of King James, he, living in Scotland, left the 
 “management of the concerns of this House to Ms sonne. Dr. Young, Dean of 
 “ Winton, who made one Mr. Wright both Chaplain and Steward. This Mr. Wright 
 “ dying, Ms widdow, whether out of fear of being brought to accounts, or out of 
 “ obedience to Ms commands is uncertain, burnt all Ms papers, and amongst them, 
 “ the Eegister also. Since which time to this' there hath been no other bought. 
 “Nor could this be had, though of so small a value, without a deal of struggling 
 “ and intreaty : so careless are the generality of men for public concerns, though 
 “ nearly respecting them and theirs. 
 
 “September 23, 1676, 
 
 “John Hunt, Chapkin.^^ 
 
 A fac-simde is presented below of the ancient Corporate Seal of the Hospital, 
 mentioned in the thirty-eighth page. It is of silver. The arms of the Hospital are 
 at the foot of the Cross. The legend round it may be translated ;■ — “ The Seal of 
 the Corporate House of the Holy Cross, near Winchester.” 
 
Alms House of Noble Poverty. 
 
 41 
 
 IN THE DAYS OE DE. LEWIS ; AND DUEING THE 
 CO^ilMONWEALTH. 
 
 TN A.D. 1627, tlie See of Winchester being void. Dr. William Lewis, Provost 
 of Oriel Lorn a.d. 1617 to 1621, was presented by King Charles I. to the 
 Mastership “then vacant by the natural death of Peter Younge, Knight, the last 
 possessor thereof.” A few years after his appointment a stringent enquiry was 
 made by Archbishop Laud, preHous to “his Grace’s Metropolitical Yisitation in 
 the Diocese of Winton.” lYe feel sure no apology will be required for publishing, 
 almost at fuE, these Articles of Enquiry, and “ the Persouall auswere of the Master 
 and others.” 
 
 articles of enquiry. 
 
 1. WTio is appointed by your Founder 
 Visitor of your Hospital? Wliether hath 
 he power to punish such offences as are 
 contrary to the Statutes, etc. 
 
 ANSWERS. 
 
 1. To tlie first we answer tliat the Lord Bishop of Winton is 
 appointed Visitor of our House, and hath all the power of a Visitor 
 committed to him. 
 
 2. What are the yearly revenues of tlie 
 said Hospital, with the wood-sales and 
 all other extraordinary receipts ? 
 
 2. The yearly revenues and rents of the House amount to £200 per 
 annum or thereabouts ; and upon our leases are reserved besides for 
 our provision, 100 quarters of wheat, and 120 quarters of malt, and 
 a small tithe of the parish adjoining towards the keeping of our 
 cattle. As for wood-sales and other extraordinary receipts, since 
 this Master came to the place, which is now about 8 years, there have 
 been none at all. So fiir from that, the Master to liis great yearly 
 charge hath been and is forced to buy at dear rates tlie fuel for brew- 
 house, bakehouse, kitchen, hall, and his own expense; as also timber, 
 which hath been used in great proportion, near 300 ton, for the 
 repairs of the House : the only two woods that belong to the House 
 having been by one of his predecessors leased out into 3 lives, and 
 continued by the rest, which are stiU in being, for 6s. 8d. yearly rent ; 
 and almost aU the timber trees, which were reserved, having been cut 
 down by others, and used for fire, as some well remember. 
 
 3. What are the ordinary charges that 
 go out thereof singulis amiis, and what 
 extraordinary ? 
 
 3. The ordinary charge doth exceed the ordinary receipts of the 
 House singulis aunis, w hich the Master supplies out of his other means. 
 For the extraordinary charge, it having been for the most part issued 
 out in repairs of the Church and House, we refer to our answer to 
 Article 15. 
 
4a 
 
 The Hospital of St. Cross, & 
 
 Auticles 01' Enquiry. 
 
 4. How many loads of wood are yearly 
 felled, and to wliat uses converted ? 
 
 5. How many beds are there for the 
 Poor of the said Hospital; and what 
 otlier goods, household stuff, and utensils? 
 
 C. Whether there be, belonging to the 
 said Hospital, a common chest to keep all 
 the dotations, charters, and evidences of 
 the same Hospital ? 
 
 7. Whether there be a perfect Terrier 
 of lands and possessions ? 
 
 8. IVliat leases be there made of the 
 same possessions ; to whom and by 
 ■wliom, and when and for how many years, 
 or on what other terms ? 
 
 9. Wliat fines have been taken for the 
 said leases ? 
 
 10. Whether any goods moveable or 
 immoveable appertaining to the Hospital 
 are sold away ; and when, and by whom ? 
 
 11. Whether have the Poor of the said 
 Hospital their due allowance, according 
 to tlie Ordinances and Statutes ? 
 
 13. Have you taken any money for 
 admittance of any of the Poor men ? 
 
 Of what Officers, or Governors, and 
 Almsfolks doth your Hospital consist P 
 
 13. Whether the Master, Officers, and 
 Almsfolks have offended against the 
 Statutes ? 
 
 14. Have you Divine Service in your 
 chapel or oratory on Sundays, Holidays, 
 and other days, according to the Book of 
 Common Prayer ? How often have you 
 sermons or lectures, etc. 
 
 Ans'wers. 
 
 4. Since this Master’s coming, in seven years and upwards, there 
 have been feUed about 0 loads of small trees, when none other for 
 that use could be bought, which have been employed in making a 
 small part of the lath that hath been used in the new coverings of 
 tlie whole House ; and _ there are not many more left upon the 
 grounds. 
 
 5. There are 13 beds for the Poor, for every one a bed, of those 
 that are to be lodged within the House. What other goods, household 
 stuff, and utensils there are appear in our Inventory, whereof the 
 Register of the Bishop of Winchester keeps a duplicate. 
 
 6. There is a muniment house to keep aU the dotations, charters, 
 and evidences of our House, which have been formerly kept in some 
 confusion, hut are now disposed in better order. 
 
 7. A perfect Terrier of oar lands and possessions we find none. 
 But of that little temporal land which is now left, which yields about 
 £10 a year rout, and is copyhold, we have given order for a perfect 
 Terrier. The rest that belongs to us are tithes of appropriate 
 churches. 
 
 8, 9. To the 8th and 9th we ansvi'er that there hath been no lease 
 nor fine received yet in this Master’s time. But aU the leases that 
 belong to the House, except one of the least, of about £40 per annum, 
 have been by the three last Masters converted into, and continued in, 
 the term of 3 lives. What fines have been taken by our predecessors, 
 or how they have been employed, we know not. But there is little 
 appearance that they have been employed upon the public ; we found 
 the House in such extreme ruin and dilapidation. 
 
 10. We know not of any. 
 
 11. The Poor of the Hospital have had, sines this Master’s time, 
 their due and full allowance for meat, drink, lodgings, and apparel 
 according to the Statutes ; and much more fi’om the Master’s 
 charity, upon divers occasions and accidents, or indisposition of any 
 of them ; and attend.ants and physician allowed them in their sickness, 
 and diet at the Master’s charge, which is not provided for by Statute. 
 
 13. We know that none hath been taken in our time for the places 
 that have been chosen by this Master. 
 
 Our Hospital doth consist of a Master and 13 Brethren, a Chaplain 
 and Steward ; 13 out-Brethren, and 28 out-Sisters that are not lodged 
 in the House ; and 3 Probationers. 
 
 13. We know not of any thing wherein the Master hath offended. 
 And if, at any time, any of the Officers or Almsfolks have offended, 
 they have been punished by the Master. 
 
 14. We have Divine Service read in our chapel on Sundays and 
 Holidays, and twice every week-day, according to the form of the Book 
 of Common Prayer. Lectures we have none. Sermons we have at all 
 the chief Eestivals of the year, preached by the Master, and often at 
 other times as his occasions permit. We liave a Chaplain who, by 
 our Statutes, is to perform Divine offices amongst us ; which are also 
 many times performed by the Master himself. 
 
Aims House of Noble Poverty. 
 
 43 
 
 Auticles of E^^quisT. 
 
 15. Is youi Hospital, Chapel, and all 
 other hrdldings belonging thereunto, kept 
 in good repair ? If not, hy whose default 
 is it? 
 
 Amswees. 
 
 15. The fabrick of our Church and House, both which are very 
 large, and aU outhouses (which were aU found by this Master in 
 great ruin and delapidation, towards which he received no allowance 
 from his predecessor,) are now in far better repair than they have 
 been within the memory of man. The chancel and two adjoining 
 aisles of the church new rooft and leaded, and two aisles more 
 adjoining to the body of the church likewise new rooft and covered: 
 the window's of the church and chancel, which were for the 
 most part stopt with board and mortar, new barred and glazed r 
 and 07-gaii set up therein ; the church, as also the cellar and other 
 offices, newly paved; the four sides of the quadrangle stript and 
 newly tiled ; the brew'house and bakehouse wholly stript and tiled, 
 and newly repaired both w'ith walls and timber; the barns and 
 stables, and all the walls about the House now in covering, and the 
 House beautified within and without, to the Master’s great charge : 
 wherein he hath expended out of his own purse, as appeareth by the 
 Steward’s accounts, about one thousand pounds, having had no 
 extraordinary receipt by casualty, fine, or otherwise, towards liis so 
 extraordinary a charge ; and yet much left to do about the Church 
 and House. 
 
 16. Do any of you know anything con- 16. We know of nothing fit to be amended, in any part or member 
 ceming the said Hospital, or any part or of the House, that is not caused so to be amended by the Master, or, 
 member thereof, that is fit to be amended ? in his absence, by the Steward. 
 
 Declare it, and free your consciences. 
 
 Under ordinary circnmstances a few more years ■would have probably 
 re-imbursed Dr. Lewis for the great outlay which he was then mating) and 
 enlarged receipts would have enabled him to become a stdl larger benefactor to the 
 House, over which he so worthily presided. But, even then the distant murmurings 
 were faintly audible of a coming storm, which was to sweep over the whole land, 
 and overturn, for the time, all existing authority in Church and State. Dr. Lewis, 
 who was a Canon of the Cathedral, as well as Master of the Hospital, did not 
 escape the consequences of the Great Eehellion; as the following extract from 
 Miln er shews. “ Another of the Prebendaries was Dr. William Lewis, who had 
 “ been Provost of Oriel College. Nothing could have proved more untoward to 
 “the Hews of our Winchester patriots had lie conformed to the Covenant and 
 “ Directory. Happily, however, he proved an unshaken loyalist and churchman ; 
 “ which furnished a pretext for dispossessing him of the rich Mastership of St. Cross : 
 “ a sinecure, which our Member of Parliament, John Lisle, Esq., thought he could 
 “ manage as well as any clergyman in the kingdom. He accordingly procured it 
 “for himself, and enjoyed it until called up to the mock House of Lords, vidiicli 
 “Cromwell had created) when the benefice was bestowed on John Cooke, the 
 “ Parliaments Solicitor-General, who drew up the indictment against the King at 
 “ his trial.^'’ 
 
44 
 
 The Hospital of St. Cross, & 
 
 There are tw6 quamtly inscribed momimental slabs of the Common-wealth 
 period, in the south choir chapel, over the graves of the children of one Laurence. 
 The inscriptions run : — 
 
 “SuSANA Laueence, 
 
 VAS CAENE VALENS. 
 
 A PLESH PREVAILING VESSEL FOUND 
 BEAUTIFIED TO LYE UNDER GROUND. 
 
 YixiT, Dec. 13, 1647. 
 DE-'/ixiT, Jan. 18, 1650.” 
 
 “Georgius Laurentius, 
 
 EGO UTI LAUEUS RIGENS. 
 
 I UNDER LY AS LAUREL DRY. 
 
 vixiT, Oct. 14, 1650. 
 DEVixiT, Sept. 29, 1651.” 
 
 At the Eestoration, Cooke lost his head as a regicide; and Dr. Lewis -was 
 reinstalled at St Cross. We could wish that he had left some memorandum of the 
 condition in which he found the Hospital on his re-admission. In the absence of 
 such evidence, we may suppose that he had, in many respects, to begin afresh 
 his work of thirty years before. And what had become of his organ ? Had he only 
 to retune it, or was it gone altogether ? Certainly no vestige of it has survived. 
 During the Commonwealth, organs were considered “ squeaking abominations 
 and were generally demolished by an ordinance dated a.d. 1644. That he filled his 
 place noth becoming dignity, and maintained a generous hospitality, is e-videnced 
 by the Steward's account books, which are still preserved. He survived his restored 
 honours several years ; and at last died on the seventh of July, a.d. 1667, just 
 forty years after his original appointment. His monumental slab in the centre of 
 the chancel records, in an elegant Latin inscription, that, ha-ving experienced 
 such marked changes of fortune, he bore them both with ecjual magnanimity. 
 
Alms House of Noble Poverty. 
 
 45 
 
 AFTER THE RESTORATION OF THE ]\IONARCHY. 
 
 HE first fresli Master after the Restoration was Dr. Hexry Cojiptox, who 
 
 succeeded Dr. Lewis, and was instituted by Bishop Morley on the 18th of 
 November. Compton was a son of the brave Earl of Northampton, avIio, during 
 the recent civil wars, had shed his blood for the royal cause. In a.d. 1671, 
 Bishop Compton, who had been holding the IMastership Avith the See of Oxford, was 
 promoted to that of London. He has left his name in more than one place upon 
 the walls; and we may suppose, from the position of his initials, that he rebuilt the 
 outer gatcAvay and some adjacent buildings more useful than ornamental. As 
 Bishop of London, he officiated, in the room of the Primate, Sancroft, at the 
 coronation of TTilliam and Mary. He was one of the early patrons of the venerable 
 Societies for Promoting Christian Knowledge, and the Propagation of the Gospel in 
 foreign parts. The Burial Register records that “Mrs. Bridget FoAAler, Aviddow, 
 “ housekeeper to the Right Rev. Father in God, Henry, Lord Bishop of London, 
 “and Master of this House, dyed March 23, and A\'as buried March 25, a.d 1676.” 
 
 On the advancement of Compton to the See of London, Bishop Morley presented 
 Dr. IYilliaai Harrison, on the 22nd February, a.d. 1675; and re-admitted him 
 in May the same year, on the presentation of the croAAn, which according to usage 
 claimed the next turn under those circumstances. Harrison dying on the 7th of 
 August, A.D. 1694, was folloAved by Dr. Abraham Markland; atIio occupied the 
 IMaster’s seat for the space of thirty-four years, at the close of the seventeenth and 
 beginning of the eighteenth centuries. At the commencement of his incumbency, 
 on the plea that no Avritten statutes for the government and regulation of the Hospital 
 coidd be found, the famous CoimieUulinarmm, or “Customary,” Avas draAvn up, upon 
 the testimony of the bretliren, and of one Mr. Complin, steAA'ard for the last 36 years, 
 and then aged 72. In this document, the Officers and recijiients of the charity arc 
 enumerated precisely as in AnsAver 12 of Dr. LoaiIs to Archbishop LaudY enquiry. 
 The diet and aUoAvances of the brethren are atij minutely recorded, both for ordinary 
 and extraordinary occasions. An extract in reference to the latter Avill be interesting; 
 
46 
 
 The Hospital of St. Cross, & 
 
 the more so, as it describes, with few alterations, the present custom. "That 
 "there are five Festival days in the year, to ndt, — All Saints, Christmas, New YeaFs- 
 " day. Twelfth-day, and Candlemas-day : on which days the brethren have extra- 
 " ordinary commons, and on the eve of which days they have a fire of charcoal in 
 " the Common Hall, and one jack of six quarts and one pint of beer extraordinary, 
 "to drink together by the fire. And on the said Feast-days they have a fire at 
 " dinner, and another at supper in the said hall ; and they have a sirloin of beef 
 " roasted, Aveighing forty-six pounds and a half, and three large mince pies,* and 
 "plum broth, and three joints of mutton for their supper, and six quarts and one 
 “ pint of beer extraordinary at dinner, and six quarts and one pint of beer after 
 "dinner, by the fireside; six quarts and a pint at supper, and the like after 
 " supper. And on Wednesdays before Shrove-Tuesdays at dinner every brother 
 " hath a pancake ; and on Shrove-Tuesdays at dinner every brother hath a pancake 
 " besides his commons of beef, and six quarts and one pint of beer extraordinary, 
 " among them all ; and at supper their mutton is roasted, and three hens roasted, 
 "and six quarts and a pint of beer extraordinary. And in Lent-time every 
 " brother hath in lieu of his commons eight shillings in money paid. And on 
 " Palm Sunday the brethren have a green fish, of the value of three shillings and 
 " fourpence, and their pot of milk pottage Aintli three pounds of rice boiled in it, 
 " and three pies Avith tAventy-four herrings baked in them, and six c|narts and one 
 " pint of beer extraordinary. And they have on Good Fridajq at dinner, in their 
 " pot of beer a cast of bread sliced, and three pounds of honey, boiled altogether, 
 
 "AA'hich they call honey sop And also every brother receives quarterly eight 
 
 " shillings ; — viz, six shillings and eightpence for himself, and sixteenpeuce to pay 
 " his laundress ; and four shillings paid among them yearly by the tenants of 
 "Yately. Also, there is alloAved by the Master three shillings and fourpence 
 " quarterly to a barber, for the trimming of the brothers. And upon sealing and 
 " rencAving of leases each brother is to have tAvopence in the pound, for so many 
 " pounds as the fine for reneAviug the lease amounts to. And at Christmas, yearly, 
 " every brother hath a iieAv goAvu made of black cloth rash, of five shiUiugs the yard.” 
 
 Moreover, " That it hath been the custom and usage, and uoav is, that there 
 " should be a StcAvard of the said Hospital, Avho is appointed by the Master for the 
 " time being. And, upon his entrance into the stewardship, he is to take the oath 
 " of the House to be faithful and true to the Master and Brethren ; and to receive 
 
 * “ The ingredients of the mince pies and of the plum broth two legs of mutton, (12lb weight,) Gib of 
 “beef suet, 3 gallons of fine flour, 31b of butter, 31b of currants, 31b of suu raisins, 21b of prunes, loz. of 
 “nutmeg, loz. of cinnamon, loz. of ginger, loz. of cloves, loz. of mace, lib of sugar.” 
 
Alms House of Noble Poverty. 
 
 47 
 
 “ tlie rents, pensions, and all dues and profits belonging to tlie Hospital ; and from 
 “ time to time to pay tlie Cliaplain, Bretliren, Hundred Hall, and all otliers belonging 
 “to tbe said Hospital; and, upon demand, to give tlie Master a true account tliercof. 
 “ In tbe Master’s absence be directs and governs all tilings and ail persons in tbe 
 “ said Hospital ; and be batb power to punisb any of tbe Bretliren and Hundred 
 “ Hall, for any misdemeanor, by sconsing them tlieir commons. He ought to have 
 “ a cbamber in tbe said Hospital, with convenient furniture, fire and candle, by tbe 
 “ Master’s appointment ; and be is to have bis diet with the Master, and in bis 
 “ absence to diet with the Chaplain. He is to have a salary of eight pounds 
 “thirteen shillings and fourpence per annum, to be paid him quarterly.” 
 
 It proceeds “ That it hath been tbe custom and usage, and now is, that 
 “ there should be a Chaplain in tbe said Hospital, to be appointed by tbe Master 
 “ for tbe time being, who is to be in orders of tbe Church of England. His duty 
 'Hs to read prayers in tbe Church twice a day, to visit the sick in the parish adjoin- 
 “ ing and in the Hospital, and to assist tbe Master on all necessary occasions. He 
 “Hs to have a cbamber in the Hospital, with convenient furniture, fire and candle, 
 “ by tbe Master’s appointment ; and to cliet with tbe Master, but in bis absence 
 “ with tbe Steward. His salary is ten pounds a year, to be paid quarterly.” 
 
 Thirty years later the arrangement with tbe Chaplain was somewhat varied, 
 as wiU be seen in tbe following entry from tbe Eegister, in a.d. 1725 
 
 “Tbe Eev. Mu. Thomas Williams, A.B., Yicar of Lancing in tbe County of 
 “Sussex, succeeded Mr. Iveble White, Chaplain of this Hospital, tbe 29tb of 
 “ September :~tbe said Mr. Williams bemg allowed twenty pounds per annum for 
 “ bis sallery, sixteen pounds for bis dyett, with a corde of wood, and one hundred 
 “ faggots, and bis candles.” 
 
 There is a provision that all the goods or personal estate of each deceased 
 Brother, whether in bis possession at the time of death or not, become tbe property 
 of tbe Master for bis own use. But tbe most important clause in this document, 
 and that which was most strongly animadverted upon by the Master of the Eolls 
 in bis judgment, is that one which directs that, after the Master has provided for 
 tbe Brethren and other customary charges, and kept the Church and House in 
 sufficient repair, be is to retain to Hmself all tbe surplus profits aud revenues. 
 Tbe “Customary” was sealed and signed by Bishop Mew * on tbe tenth of July, 
 
 * With the important proviso,— “ always intending that nothing' herein contained shall he construed to 
 derogate from the Statutes of the rounder, if any such shall appear.” 
 
48 
 
 The Hospital of St. Cross, & 
 
 A.D. 1696; aiid ordered to be read 2 )ublicly in tlie Hall once a year, on the 3rd 
 day of May, (the Invention of the Cross,) before the Master, Brethren, Steward, 
 and Chaplain, 
 
 It -would appear, from his inonnmental inscription, that Dn. Maekland added 
 considerably to the appearance of the place by improving the gardens, as -well as to 
 the substantial comfort of the brethren by increasing their stipends. He appears 
 also to have been a frecprent and eloquent preacher in the pulpit. But the last 
 deed recorded of him in the Burial Eegister is worthy of remark. The entry is as 
 follows : — 
 
 “The Bev. Abraham MAUKLAAm, D.D., dyed the 29th of Juljq and was buried 
 “ the 31st of the said month. He was Master of this Hospital upwards of 33 years, 
 “Prebendary of ITinton about 50 years, and Eector of Meonstoke 47 years. T/iis 
 “ Church was tvhiteivashed hi/ the said Master, and finished alout three weeks 
 before he eafired, a.d. 1728.” 
 
 In Dr. Markland^s time, the Hospital is thus described in “A Journey through 
 England,” published in a.d, 1723 : — 
 
 “At St. Cross there is an Hospital for the relief of Distressed Travellers, by 
 “ giving them a Manchet of Bread and a Pot of Beer, whoever calls for it. Car- 
 “ dinal Beaufort endowed it with a maintenance for a Master and thirty decayed 
 “ gentlemen Brothers. But since the late civil wars under King Charles I their number 
 “ is reduced to Pourteen. They wear black gowns, and go to prayers twice a day. 
 “ This Institution, like most others of the kind in England, hath fallen off from 
 “ the fli'st design; for there are seldom any gentlemen amongst them. The Brothers 
 “ are put in at the pleasure of the Alaster, who lives like an Abbot ; hath a very 
 “ good apartment, with fine gardens, adorned with a canal and evergreens ; with his 
 “ coach-house and stables ; and his income is computed to be a good £600 a year. 
 “ Besides he is generally a Prebend of the Cathedi’al Church of Winchester.” 
 
 Born in the days of Charles I, Dr. Markland was blaster in the reigns of 
 William and klary. Queen Anne, and the first two Georges; and “after a life of 
 “83 years, passed very evenly in the midst of stormy days, prepared for Heaven, 
 “ he fell asleep in Christ.” He lies buried in the chancel, beside his distinguished 
 predecessor. Dr. Lewis. 
 
Alms House of Noble Poverty. 
 
 49 
 
 FEOM THE EARLIER PORTION OF THE LAST CENTURY 
 TO THE PRESENT TIME. 
 
 ■'T^R. JOHN LYNCH succeeded Markland, being the first of the four Masters 
 apijointed in the last century. He was instituted August 10, a. n. ] 728, 
 on the presentation of Archbishop M'ake, who had selected St. Cross as his option. 
 During his rule, in a.d. 1741, on the representation of the Master and Brethren 
 " that the chapel of the Hospital is a very wet and damp place, and the brethren 
 “ thereof very ancient men unable to attend evening prayer without manifest hazard 
 “and danger of their health and lives,^^ the second service on week daj^s was 
 relaxed. But, in lieu thereof, a sermon was to be preached weekly, instead of “only 
 “ on every other Lord^s day; the inliabitants of the parish of St. Faith, the village 
 “ of St. Cross, and the hundred of Sparkeford, being now more numerous than 
 “ when the prcAdous customs were set forth, and having no other place to resort to 
 “ for public worship but the said chapel, which they are permitted to attend for 
 “the performance of di^dne offices. 
 
 On the decease of Dr. Lynch, in a.d. 1760, the well-known Bishop Hoadly, 
 (just before the close of his episcojrate,) collated his relative. Dr. Johx Hoadly, 
 then Chancellor of the Diocese. Early in Chancellor Hoadly’s Mastership a 
 Commission was issued to examine and report upon “ the buildings between the 
 “ porteFs lodge and the chui’ch, Avhich had become burdensome and useless ; ” and 
 licence was given by the Bishop “ to pull dovm and destroy the said buildings, 
 “converting the materials thereof to the use of the Hospital.” Happily this 
 licence was never acted upon. One of the most picturesque portions of the Hospital 
 would have been lost by the demolition of the eastern side of the quadrangle. 
 
 Dr. Hoadly held this preferment till his death, in a.d. 1776, when Dr. Beilby 
 PoRTEUS was, on the 2nd May, “ admitted and instituted, on the ^presentation of 
 “ the Archbishop of Canterbury and the Bishop of London, Patrons for that turn, 
 “ as trustees under the will of the late Archbishop Seeker, for the disposal of his 
 “ options.* Dr. Porteus held St. Cross along Avith the bishopric of Chester ; and 
 
 * It was the custom for every Archbishop of Canterbury, besides his owu patrouage, to make his option of 
 one piece of preferment in tlie patronage of each of his suffragan Bishops, to whicli he claimed the next 
 presentation wlien a vacancy occurred. That St. Cross should have been, on more than one oceasion, the 
 selected preferment out of the Winchester Diocese, is an evidence of the cousideratiou in which it was held. 
 
50 
 
 The Hospital of St. Cross, & 
 
 “ in Ms episcopal character consecrated the comparatively modem piece of burial 
 “■ground at the south-east angle of the church. Bishop Porteus enjoyed the 
 “ retirement of St. Cross ; and is reputed to have planted some of the elms in the 
 “park. There were those living when the present Master came^ who could 
 “ remember his sermons and lectures in the Church of the Hospital. But in little 
 “ more than ten years Bishop Porteus was translated to the more important See of 
 “Londoip which he so worthily filled till his deaths in a.d. 1808.” 
 
 On the 18tli of March, a.d. 1788, He. John Lockman, one of the- Canons of 
 "VYindsor, succeeded to the Mastership, then “ void, by the translation of the Bight 
 “Bev. Beilby Porteus, Lord Bishop of Chester to the See of London; the 
 “ presentation for that turn lapsing to our Sovereign Lord, George the Third, etc.” 
 
 The next year, under faculty from the Bishop, the south side of the quadrangle, 
 between the church and the brothers^ rooms, which was uninhabited and had 
 become very ruinous, was removed, “ in order to admit the sun into the courtyard, 
 and add to the dryness of the btiildiiig.” There were those, not long since, who 
 remembered that portion of the buildings : amongst them, the late respected 
 Warden of New College, Dr. Williams. 
 
 It was in a.d. 1793 that Dr. Lockman, in consequence of a dispute with his 
 Chaplain, submitted the ConsueUuKnarmm, and other documents relative to the 
 Hospital, for the legal opinion of an eminent ecclesiastical judge, Sir W. Wynne; 
 who advised him that the system of leasing out the Hospital property on lives 
 could not be justified, and recommended a petition to the court of chancery as to 
 the proper application of the funds, with the view of averting more serious 
 consequences resulting from delay. Had the then Master taken this advice, he 
 might have anticipated, with advaiitag-e to the charity, the far more costly (and for 
 the time almost ruinous) suit which followed some sixty years later. 
 
 During the earlier part of Dr. LockmaMs time, the MastePs house was occupied 
 by the then Speaker of the House of Commons, Charles Wolfran Cornwall. He 
 lies buried with his wife in the centre of the nave. A small square of white 
 marble marks the exact spot, and is engraved iMth the initials C.W.C. and E.C. 
 The larger mural monument, adorned with the arms and insignia of office, is in 
 the south aisle, and somewhat out of keeping until the rest of the church. He 
 succeeded Sir F. Norton as Speaker in the Parliament of a.d. 1780, and was 
 re-elected in a.d. 1784. He died in a.d. 1789, and was followed by Speakers 
 Grenville and Addington. The Chaplain, Mr. Bawlins, records, in the burial entry. 
 
Alms House of Noble Poverty. 
 
 51 
 
 that “ lie filled the Speaker’s chair ivith uncommon dignity, and sat in it for the 
 ^^last time hut four days before his death. During the recess of Parliament, he 
 “ lived here in the Master’s house, as his former residence of Barton Priors was too 
 “ small for his retinue, since his advancement to the chair. The Speaker, in his 
 “ person, was handsome, tall, and comely ; and in his manners extremely affable, 
 “polite, and engaging.” 
 
 On the death of Dr. Lockmau, in a.d. 1807, Bishop North conferred the place 
 upon his son Fea^'CIs Nokth, who subsequently became the Eaul of Guilford. 
 He continued the old system of renewing leases on lives; recciviug large immediate 
 fines, but temporarily alienating the property, and leaving the charity but com- 
 paratively small reseiwed rents for its regular annual income. Forty years and 
 more passed on, during the greater part of which, the late esteemed Chaplain, the 
 Eev. M. T. M^dliams, discharged all the spiritual duties of the Hospital. During 
 his last dlness, in a.d. 1850, Mr. Williams was assisted by a former pupil, the 
 Piev. H. Holloway ; who, finding the previously -mentioned letters of Sir "W. Wynne 
 and other papers relating to the Hospital, placed them in the hands of Mr. klaule, 
 the Sohcitor to the Treasury, Avho sent them to the late Lord Langdale. Three 
 years afterwards the matter came on before the Master of the Eolls ; and ended in 
 the retirement of the noble and reverend occupant, as shevn by the following 
 extract from the Act book of the diocese of Manchester -“March 26th a.d. 1855. 
 “ The Bishop accepted the resignation made by the Eight Honourable and Eev. 
 “Francis, Earl of Guilford, Clerk, hi. A., of the office of Master or Guardian of 
 “the House or Hospital of St. Cross, near Winchester, in the County of 
 “ Southampton and diocese of Winchester, and declared the same void.” 
 
 On the 16 th of April, the present blaster ivas formally collated by the 
 Bishop, in presence of a notary public. On the 21st of the same month he was 
 corporaUy mducted into the possession of the Church and House, by the Eev. 
 William klenzies. Clerk, M.A., Eector of Winnal, in the presence of the brethren : 
 and on the foUowmg day, Sunday, April 22nd, a.d. 1855, he read himself in, after 
 the customary form ; the late senior Brother, Peter Thomas Tuyuam Stubington, 
 carrying the staff of office. 
 
 The form of collation is subjoined in full, as a supplement to that of IMaster 
 Alan de Stoke, in a.d. 1204 ; given in the eighteenth page. 
 
 “ Charles Eichard, by divine permission Bishop of M^iuchester, to our beloved 
 “in Christ, Lewis Macnaughtan Humbert, Clerk, M.A., greeting. — We do hereby 
 “ freely, and out of mere good Avill, confer on you the office of IMaster or Guardian 
 
5 ^ 
 
 The Hospital of St. Cross, & 
 
 “ of the House or Hospital of Saint Cross, near Winchester, in the County of 
 “ Southampton and our diocese of Winchester, now vacant by the resignation of 
 “ the Eight Honourable and Kev. Francis, Earl of Guilford, Clerk, the last Master 
 “ or Guardian thereof ; and belonging to our donation or collation, in full right, 
 ‘^by virtue of our Bishoprick. And we admit you, the said Lewis Macnaughtan 
 “ Huinhert, Master or Guardian of the House or Hospital of Saint Cross aforesaid ; 
 “ and do rightly and canonically institute you in and to the same, and invest you 
 “ with all its rights, members, and aj)purtenances : you having first duly sworn 
 “ on the holy Evangelists to reject, refuse, and renounce, all and all manner of 
 “ foreign jurisdiction, power, authority, and superiority ; that you wiU he faithful, 
 “and hear true allegiance, to Her Majesty, Queen Yictoria, according to the 
 “tcnour and effect of an Act of Parliament made and published in that behalf; 
 “ also, that you will pay true and canonical obedience to us and our successors, 
 “Bishops of Winchester, in all things lawful and honest; that you will duly and 
 “ faithfully observe all the statutes, ordinances, and customs, of the said House or 
 “ Hospital ; and that you have not obtained the same by any simoniacal payment 
 “ or contract whatsoever. And we do, by these presents, commit unto you the 
 “cure, government, and administration, as well of the spirituals as temporals 
 “ belonging to the said House or Hospital : saving always to ourselves our 
 “episcopal rights, and the dignity and honour of our Cathedral Church of 
 “ "Winchester. In testimony whereof we have caused our Episcopal Seal to be 
 “ hereunto affixed. Dated this Sixteenth day of Aj)ril, in the year of our Lord 
 “One Thousand Eight Hundred and Fifty -five, and of our Translation the 
 “ tw^enty-eighth.” 
 
Alms House of Noble Poverty. 
 
 53 
 
 THE DOLES. 
 
 “Sweet streams of human charity will flow 
 For ages in their native purity. 
 
 Look at yon archway, which the hand of time 
 Has touched hut to adorn : — the well-head there, 
 Which from King Stephen’s brother, good De Blois, 
 Took rise, flows yet. — The houseless wanderer. 
 Foot-sore and famished, no sleek menial finds 
 To spurn liim from that gate : the Brother there 
 Welcomes each outcast of the churlish world. 
 
 And for his hunger carves the wheaten loaf. 
 
 And fills the goblet to his thirsting lip ; 
 
 Then speeds him on his way with friendly speech. 
 Kind words, whose every tone is charity : 
 
 And with a lighter heart and nimbler step 
 The poor man journeys on. The swallow knows 
 And cherishes the dome ; for he fears not 
 Each spring to build his clayey tenement 
 Even in the hospitable porch. — Heaven wraps 
 These quiet walls in a sweet atmosphere 
 Of peace and love. 
 
 Pass we beneath the lodge. 
 
 See where, with silver cross upon liis breast. 
 
 The Porter stands.” 
 
 ^T^HE stranger^ eutering by the large gates of the Hospital, passes the Porter’s 
 Lodge ; and one of his first enquiries is for the dole of bread and beer, which 
 has been there distributed to the wayfarer during so many centuries, and still is 
 
 G 
 
54 
 
 The Hospital of St. Cross, & 
 
 given as in days of yore. Tlie dail^ dole is thus spoken of, in a book already 
 quoted, entitled “A Journey through England'^: — ‘^'At St. Cross there is a 
 “ Hospital for the relief of distressed travellers, by giving them a manchet of bread 
 “ and a pot of beer, whoever calls for it. The bread that is given to the travellers 
 “ is very good and white, as is the beer. They have fresh every day, and what is 
 “ left at night is given to the poor.’' At present, the daily dole at the Porter’s 
 lodge is two gallons of beer, and two loaves of bread, divided into thirty-two 
 portions, supplying a horn of beer and a slice of bread to each wayfarer. This 
 dole is given under the archway of Beaufort’s tower, at the small doorway shewn 
 in the illustration, at the visitor’s left hand on entering. The Porter has the 
 charge of the dole ; and to him the traveller must now be introduced. Under the 
 ancient system, one of the brethren always acted as porter : but by the new scheme 
 it is provided that the Trustees shall appoint a regular porter to take charge of the 
 buildings and premises, and be responsible for an amount of actual work beyond 
 the strength and capacity of the aged brethren. The present Porter succeeded 
 kir. Prior, now of Chilcomb. He keeps the garden and premises in a very 
 praiseworthy condition. In the summer months, he too frequently finds that 
 the daily allowance barely suffices the wayfarers’ demands; but in the winter, 
 or at any other time, whatever remains at night is given to the poor in the 
 immediate neighbourhood. The loaves are of the best wheaten bread ; and the beer 
 as good as can be brewed from three bushels of malt to the hogshead. Both are 
 the same which are in daily use in the Hospital ; each Brother, as well as the 
 Cook and Porter, receiving a similar wheaten loaf and half-a-gallon of beer 
 per diem. 
 
 The extra doles were six in number. They were distributed on All Saints’- 
 eve, Cliristmas-eve, Easter-eve, Whitsun-eve, the Invention of the Cross, and 
 the Founder’s Obit, the 10th of August; on which occasions the outer gates 
 were closed, and the applicants (sometimes eight hundred in number) admitted one 
 by one at the smaller openmg, thence caEed the dole gate. Each dole consisted 
 of five bushels of flour, producing about four hundred loaves of twelve ounces each. 
 The brethren received each two loaves for themselves, and one for each inmate of their 
 dwellings; the Cook two loaves, the Brewer two loaves, the Barber seven loaves, the 
 Steward and Chaplain six loaves each, the servers of the dole fourteen loaves each : 
 and the remaining, about three hundred loaves, were distributed, one to each of the 
 applicants, at the gate ; any additional applicants receiving one half-penny each in 
 lieu of the dole-bread. On these occasions all sorts of characters were mixed together. 
 There were generally a number of chimney sweeps first, the crowd makmg way for 
 
Alms House of Noble Poverty. 
 
 55 
 
 tliem. But such gatherings were productive of considerable disorder ; and they have 
 been judiciously discontinued for the last ten years] the money saved being applied to 
 the benefit of the “ hundred-hall ” poor : the reader of the earlier part of this book 
 mil be familiar vith the name. There are twenty-five poor persons in the receipt of a 
 sh illin g a week each from the Hospital. These are the existing representatives 
 of the larger number who were formerly received daily at the hour of dinner. 
 What is now the brewhouse^ on the east side of the outer court, is supposed to 
 have been formally the Htindrecl-mennes Hall, in which these numerous recipients 
 of He Blois^ bounty were in the olden time daily fed. 
 
 The daily dole at St. Cross is still distributed, not only to the ordinary 
 applicant, but to pilgrims and travellers from all lands j none being more struck 
 by it, as old Brother Stubington often remarked when he was porter, than 
 American visitors, who always manifest a deep interest in our ancient Hospice. 
 Even Eoyal wayfarers have not disdained to partake of its humble fare, as will be 
 read with interest from the subjoined extract out of the Visitors^ Book - 
 
 ‘■^December 9th, 1857. H.E.H. the Princess Royal visited the Church and 
 “ Hospital, and partook of bread and beer."’^ The Princess examined with much 
 interest the ancient Triptych in the Hall : and was graciously pleased to receive 
 from the Master a copy of a short Lecture, which he had then recently published, 
 on the History and Antiquities of the Hospital. 
 
 July 27th, 1861. The Crown Prince and Princess of Prussia, with H.R.H. 
 “ the Princess Alice, and party, visited the church, hall, and Masterts house, and 
 “ partook of the customary dole.’^ Their Eoyal Highnesses were graciously 
 pleased to accept some copies of Mr. 'William Savage^s " Guide to the Antiquities 
 of Winchester, w'hich had been prepared by him, in vellum and gold, in the hope 
 of presenting them to Her Most Gracious Majesty lierseE, and to the late lamented 
 Prince Consort ] who, it had been rumoured on a previous occasion, were likely to 
 honour the ancient city of Winchester with a visit. 
 
 ‘^December 31st, 1862. H.R.H. the Prince of Wales and Prince Louis of 
 “Hesse, attended by General Knollys and suite, visited the church, hall, and 
 “Master’s house, and partook of bread and beer.” The Eoyal party, on this 
 occasion, inspected the large collection of monumental brass-rubbings in the 
 Master’s gallery. 
 
 “August 21st, 1865. H. M. Queen Emma of the Sandwich Isles, attended by 
 “her Chaplain and party, vdsited the church, hall, and Master’s house, and 
 “ likewise received the dole.” 
 
56 
 
 The Hospital of St. Cross, & 
 
 NOTICES OE THE BEOTHERS. 
 
 “jV yriLNEE remarks inliis Hstory, that “the brethren of this venerable Institute, 
 _L.V_I_ being happily destined to ^ walk through the cool sequestered vale of life, 
 have kept the noiseless tenor of their way ^ in succession, during almost eight 
 centuries, without affording any materials for history.” But, though their names 
 are not emblazoned on the historic page, the story of the origin of St. Cross, and 
 the narrative of its jjast fortunes, would be very incomplete without some notice of 
 the venerable men, for whose maintenance and comfort it was first founded by 
 De Blois, and afterwards extended by Beaufort. 
 
 We read of Gilbert le Eorester, John de Fareham, and Robert de Colynch, 
 among the brethren in A.n. 1304, appointed in a time of mismanagement by the 
 fatherly care of Bishop Woodlock. Nearly a hundred and fifty years later than 
 the appointments of Bishop Woodlock, Ave read of several brothers of “noble 
 poverty” in Bishop Waynflete^s episcopate, such as Henry Chambre, Richard 
 Norreys, Richard Brian, Richard Vaughan, Richard Deryke (in the place of 
 Jordan BroAAming expelled), Richard Sheldrake, John Grenewyche, Robert Barton, 
 Thomas Lago, and William Thomas. These, with John Turke and John Knyght, 
 Avhose monumental slabs are in the chancel, were are all members of the foundation 
 of Noble Poverty. There was likewise the CardinaFs faithful servant John NeiAdes, 
 who died in a.d. 1452, a brother apparently of the old foundation. In the south 
 transept is the memorial brass of “ William Sandies, formerly Chaplain of the new 
 “foundation of this College, who died 29 November, a.d. 1464.” Also, of “Alexander 
 “ Ewart, late brother of this place, who departed this trancitorie lyfe to Allmighty 
 “God the 17th daye of July, a.d. 1569.” 
 
 At a later period “John Starkey, a Cheshire man, after thirty years’ service 
 “under foreign princes, and ten years in His Majesty’s Guards, was chosen brother 
 “ of this Hospital, September, a.d. 1674.” A century later, “ January 20, a.d. 1771, 
 “ Robert Bartholomew, a brother of St. Cross Hospital, Avas buried. He was a 
 “ native of Sherborne, in Dorsetshire ; had been a soldier in Queen Anne’s reign ; 
 “and Avas at the taking of Gibraltar, in a.d. 1704. He AA^as many years porter of 
 “ this Hospital, and died, aged ninety and upwards.” An oh painting of Brother 
 Bartholomew is to be seen in the porter’s lodge, at the back of AA'hich his 
 age is given as 102. Knights too, and aged clergymen, have found an asylum 
 
Alms House of Noble Poverty. 
 
 57 
 
 here ;--as the foUo-ndiig entries testify. “Sir Edward Eichards, Knight, brother 
 “ of this Hospital, was buried January 27th, a.d. 1685,^^ and “theEev. Eobert 
 ‘^Norwood, a brother of this Hospital, was buried, March 5tli, a.d. 1727 ; he had 
 ^'been hlindfor several years’’ Of another brother, William Coles, who had 
 “ ofidciated as clarke and porter, for the space of twelve years before his death,” 
 it is recorded that “ he was an Alderman of Eomsey, and had served the office of 
 “ Mayor of that town, where he had lived many years in great repute : but, meeting 
 “with misfortunes, he met with a peaceful asylum within the Avails of the 
 “ Hospital ; where he ended his days at the age of seventy-two years.” One 
 further extract shall suffice. It relates to a someAvhat eccentric brother, whose 
 eccentricities were yet fresh in the remembrance of our former senior brother, 
 Charles Matthews, who had seen what is described below when a lad :-~- 
 
 “NoA'ember 28th, A.D. 1790. Eichard Hart, brother of St. Cross Hospital, 
 “ was buried, aged eighty-one years. Brother Hart was a man of very singular 
 “ turn and disposition. He Avas interred in a coffin of cedar, made by himself tAventy 
 “ years since, out of a plank of a Spanish man-of-war, Avliich he purchased Avliile a 
 “ carpenter at Portsmouth dockyard. He had Avritten many texts of Scriptures 
 “ and religious verses on the outside. He kept it constantly in liis room, draAvn 
 “ up by pulleys to the ceiling over the window,” 
 
 Interesting narratives and stirring incidents might be recorded of not a few 
 who have worn the ancient shver cross and the black goA’vn of this Hospital : for 
 instance, of Brother John Webb, aaIio has not long siace passed away from us, at 
 the advanced age of ninety-live years.* He had been present, as a ship^s boy on 
 board one of His IMajesty^s vessels, in the sea fight, AAdiicli took place, April 12tli, 
 A.D, 1782, m the channel between the Islands of Martinique and Guadaloiipe, 
 when Admiral Eodney defeated the Preiich fleet, then going to attack Jamaica, 
 taking five ships of the line, and the Admiral, Count de Grasse. 
 
 Amongst the photographs are the portraits of four of the existing brothers ; 
 and they may be taken as a sample of the AAffiole, and a very fair specimen of the 
 kmd of men aaEo are gladly Avelcomed to share the benefits of this place, and aaIio 
 gratefully enjoy, in their declining years, its tranquil shade. Brother William 
 
 * Instances of considerable longevity are by no means rare amongst the brethren. Richard Humber, (a 
 namesake of the present Master minus tlie last letter of his name,) whose signature is attached to some 
 alterations in the consuetudinarium made in June, a. d. 1783, reached the patriarchal age of ninety-ciglit, 
 according to lus tombstone; ninety-seven, by the Register. Since a. D. 1771, the St. Cross Register records 
 fifteen burials of persons turned 90 years of age ; ten men and live women. 
 
58 
 
 The Hospital of St. Cross, & 
 
 Piper was admitted under tlie late Master^ sixteen years ago. He is now in Hs 
 seventy-ninth year, and has filled the office of Sacristan since a.d. 1855. His 
 father was a respectable yeoman farmer in the neighbourhood; and in Twyford 
 churchyard, east of the great yew, the family gravestones, for generations, are to 
 be found. He remembers well the good old days when, after primitive fashion, 
 his father and mother walked at the head of their children and servants to church. 
 Brother Pijier has always taken the most lively interest in the church and parish. 
 Pie and the senior brother alone remain of those appointed by Lord Guilford. He 
 is devotedly attached to the present Master and his family, who have ever found 
 him a faithful supporter and friend. 
 
 Brother John Griffiths was one of the first admitted under the present 
 scheme, in a.d. 1857 ; and has been Exhibitor of the place since the retirement, 
 from infirmity, of the late Brother Stubington. Of all the brotherhood he is 
 probably the best knoivn to visitors and strangers, from his official position. He is 
 an admirable Cicerone ; and, though he has reached the patriarchal age of eighty-six 
 last birthday, few of our visitors would suppose, from his elastic step, his upright 
 walk, and his ready memory, that he had reached fourscore. Having been for 
 many years an artist and drawing-master in the Isle of Wight, he is peculiarly 
 qualified for his place; and not unfrequently meets with former pupils and old 
 friends. He is keenly alive to all that concerns his former profession, and takes the 
 deepest interest in the annual catalogue of the Eoyal Academy. Since his 
 admission, with somewhat failing powers of vision, he has executed two beautifully 
 coloured draivings of the church for the Master, who greatly values his services, 
 and rejoices in the measure of strenglh and energy which is still vouchsafed him ; 
 and who feels that, as an Exhibitor, Brother Griffiths will not easily be replaced. 
 
 Brother James King was elected in a.d. 1859. Havuig been a mason 
 by trade, he has not only taken deep interest in the ivork of restoration, but has been 
 of valuable service in caiTying it forward. The cleansing of the north and south 
 chapels of the choir, from the floor to the vaulting of the roof, was his own unaided 
 work. For some months he was on scaffolding of his own contrivance, early and 
 late, at his labour of love. And possibly, in the ivords of a correspondent of T/ie 
 llam]}s]iire Chronicle at that time, it ivas “ the sight of this venerable brother 
 scraping away that moved the anonymous donor, ‘Z.O/ to offer £500 towards the 
 restoration of the choir •” — an offer which set the example that has been since so well 
 followed by other friends. Brother King is noiv more than^four score; ’■’and, although 
 not quite so active as when he is supposed to have attracted the attention of “ Z. 0.,” 
 
Alms House of Noble Poverty. 
 
 59 
 
 some five years ago, is still eager for occupation ; and, if not engaged in the church 
 itself, may be found in his onm rooms -working up the old and displaced stone into 
 emblematical ornaments and crosses. The Master knows his worth, and regards 
 him as a fitting member of such a brotherhood ; devoted to the church and place, 
 always ready to give his full share of labour towards whatever object may be in 
 hand; and, at the same time, in all that he does, simply seeking Lis divine 
 Master^s honour, and humbly waiting for His coming. 
 
 Brother J. F. Whitebueai), the last of the quartett, entered the fraternity at 
 a considerably later period. After being twenty years librarian of the Hampshire 
 Library at Portsmouth, he was most thankful, on the close of that Institution, 
 ■with which he had been so long connected, to find an asylum at St. Cross. Not 
 quite so advanced in years as the rest, and from the nature of Ms previous 
 occupation, and from preference, having been more addicted to books, and literary 
 pursuits, he has contributed bis special share to the common stock, and proved 
 a valuable addition to the little community. To the Master he has rendered 
 effectual help, both by reading the lessons in church at the daily and Sunday 
 services, and also by the use of his pen on many occasions. He may be well 
 termed the “ corresponding brother of the Hospital ; not merely writing to the 
 Master in Ms absence, but, on a recent very interesting occasion, writing for him, 
 when Her most gracious Majesty the Queen honoured the brethren by presenting 
 to their library a handsome copy of her “Leaves from the Journal of our Life in the 
 Highlands.” Brother "Whitebread is an efficient helper to our venerable and 
 infirm librarian Brother Maton. 
 
 The present senior brother of the Hospital, Wieliam Teimbee, is senior both 
 by admission and by age, being now in Ms ninetieth year, and in the full possession 
 of aU Ms faculties; still capable of enjoying the calm retreat which Providence has 
 granted him ; and yet never forgetting that better Home beyond for which this 
 should be a daily preparation. 
 
 “Sucn come 
 
 To share the bounty of De Blois ; and dwell 
 With the great spirits of the mighty dead, 
 Wykeham, De Campeden, Beaufort, and the rest, 
 Wlio, with the Pounder, shared the pious work. 
 And the whole scene a beauteous calm pervades, 
 That WOOS the soul to pleasing serious thought ; 
 -While the church tower, with venerable grace, 
 Lifts from low cares the willing mind to heaven.” 
 
6o 
 
 The Hospital of St. Cross, & 
 
 A LIST OF CONTEMPOEAEY BISHOPS OF WmCHBSTEE, 
 AND MASTEES OF ST. CEOSS. 
 
 A.D. PIASTERS. 
 
 1 
 
 130- Alan de Stoke 
 
 Humfrey de Myllers 
 
 ISAl Henry de Secdsia 
 
 Galfrid de Feuinges 
 
 A.D. BISHOPS. 
 1129 Henry de Blois 
 1173 Richard Toclive 
 1189 Godfrey de Lucy 
 1301 Peter de Rufibus 
 
 1344 William de R.vleigii 
 
 1350 Etiielmar de Valence 
 1203 John de Gervaise 
 1368 Nicholas de Ely 
 1383 John de Pontissara 
 
 1305 Henry Woodlock 
 1310 John de S^andale 
 1330 Rigaud de Asserio 
 
 1333 John de Stratford 
 1333 Adam de Orleton 
 1315 William de Edyndon 
 
 1307 William de Wykehaji 
 
 1401 Cardinal Beaufort 
 
 1417 William Waynefleie 
 
 1180 Peter Courtenay 
 1193 Thomas Langton 
 
 Thomas de Colchester 
 
 Stephen de Wotton 
 
 1389 Peter de Sancto Mario 
 1396 William de Wenlynge 
 1399 Robert de Maydenestan 
 
 1331 Galfrid de Welleford 
 1323 Bertrand de Asserio 
 1333 Peter de Galici^ano 
 1331 William de Edyndon 
 1345 Raymund Pelegrini 
 1310 Richard de Luteshalle 
 1319 John de Edyndon 
 1360 William de Stoiyelle 
 1367 Richard de Lyntesford 
 
 1370 Roger de Cloune 
 
 1371 Nicholas de Wykeham 
 
 1103 Thomas Ciiaundeler, S.T.P. 
 
 1105 William Westbury, S.T.B. 
 
 Richard Harwaud, LL.D. 
 
 1489 John Lyciiefield, LL.D. 
 1493 Robert Sherborne 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 The custotly of the Hospital remain- 
 ed, during tliis century, ivith the 
 Master and Brethren of St. John 
 of Jerusalem. 
 
 Collated by Bishop Peter de Rupihus 
 in the early part of liis episcopate. 
 The precise year unknown. 
 Collated by Bishop Peter de Rupihus. 
 Appointed by King Henry HI, the 
 See being vacant. 
 
 Collated by Bishop Raleigh, ante 1319. 
 Vicar-General. 
 
 Was Master a.d. 1360. 
 
 Died A.D. 1275. 
 
 Archdeacon of Surrey. Died a.d. 1296 
 Steward of the Bishop’s house. 
 
 Deprived a.d. 1305. Restored; 
 and stiU Master a.d. 1313. 
 
 Presented by the King. Died a.d. 1322 
 Collated, 31st August, a.d. 1333. 
 Resigned a.d. 1331. 
 
 Afterwards Bishop of Winchester. 
 Exchanged with his successor. 
 
 Resigned a.d. 1360. 
 
 Exchanged with his successor. 
 Exchanged with Ms successor. 
 Deprived, December 5th, a.d. 1374. 
 
 Managed the Hospital tLU de Cloune’s 
 death. 
 
 Archdeacon of Surrey. Died a.d. 1110 
 Afterwards Archdeacon of Surrey and 
 Dean of Wells. Died a.d. 1146. 
 
 Appointed iu or before a.d. 1436. 
 
 Died at St. Cross, in Nov. a.d. 1463. 
 Resigned a.d. 1165. Warden of 
 New College, Oxford 
 
 Provost of Eton College. 
 
 Ante 1171 . Resigned a.d. 1189. 
 Resigned a.d. 1193. 
 
 Afterwards successively Bishop of St. 
 David’s, and of Chichester. 
 
 1383 John de Campeden 
 1110 John Forest 
 
 Thomas Forest 
 
Alms House of Noble Poverty. 
 
 6i 
 
 A.D. Bishops. 
 
 1501 BrcHARDros 
 
 1529 Cahbes'al Wolset 
 1531 Stephen Gardiner 
 
 1551 John POYNET 
 1553 Stephen Gardiner Re- 
 1557 John White 
 
 1561 Robert Horne 
 1580 John Watson 
 1584; Thohas Cooper 
 
 1595 William Wickhaji 
 
 1596 William Day 
 
 1597 Thomas Bilson 
 1616 James Montague 
 1619 Lancelot Andrewes 
 1637 Richard Heile 
 
 1633 Walter Curle 
 1660 Brian Duppa 
 1663 George Morley 
 
 1684: Peter JIeivs 
 1708 Sir J. Trelaivney 
 1731 Charles Trimnel 
 1733 Richard Willis 
 1731 Benjamin Hoadly 
 1761 John Tho 3 Ias 
 
 1781 Brov.'nlow North 
 
 1831 Sir George P. Tomline 
 1837 Charles R. Sumner 
 
 A.D. ILasters. 
 
 1508 John Claysiund 
 
 1534: John Incent, LL.D. 
 1545 WiLLiAJi IMedome, M.A. 
 
 1557 John Leppe, LL.D. 
 
 1557 Robert Raynolds, LL.D. 
 
 1559 John Watson, M.D. 
 
 1583 Robert Bennett, S.T.P. 
 
 1603 Arthur Lake, S.T.B. 
 
 1616 Sir Peter Younge, Kniglit 
 
 1638 William Lewis, S.T.P. * 
 
 1669 Henry Compton, D.D. 
 
 1676 William H.vrrison, D.D. 
 1694 Abraham Markland, D.D. 
 
 1738 John Lynch, D.D. 
 
 1760 John Hoadly, LL.D. 
 
 1776 Beilby Porteus, D.D. 
 
 1788 John Locksian, D.D. 
 
 1807 Francis North, M.A., Earl of 
 Guilford 
 
 1855 Lewis Macnaughtan Husibert, 
 M.A. 
 
 Remarks. 
 
 Pirst President of C. C. C., Oxford. 
 
 Resigned .a.d. 1534. 
 
 Also Dean of St. Paul’s. Died a.d. 1545 
 
 Prebendary of Winchester Cathedral. 
 Died A.D. 1557. 
 
 Died 19th August, a.d. 1557. jEt. 66. 
 Ejected on the accession of Queen 
 Elizabeth. 
 
 Afterwards Bishop of Winchester, and 
 held the Mastership by Royal Dis- 
 pensation till A.D. 1583. 
 Afterwards Bishop of Hereford. 
 
 Afterwards Bishop of Bath and Wells. 
 Installed 18th January, a.d. 1616-7. 
 
 Dispossessed during the Common- 
 wealth; but restored A.D. 1660; 
 and died July 7th, a.d. 1669. 
 
 Afterwards successively Bishop of 
 Oxford and of London. 
 
 Prebendary of lYiuchester Cathedral. 
 
 Died August 7th, a.d. 1694. 
 Prebendary of Winchester Cathedral. 
 Died July 39th, a.d. 1728. 
 
 Chancellor of the Diocese, etc. 
 Afterwards successively Bishop of 
 Chester and of London. 
 
 Canon of Windsor. 
 
 Resigned, March 26th, a.d. 1855. 
 
 * During the Commonwealth the following persons were intruded, in the place of Dr. Lewis, as Masters : 
 namely — 1648, John Lisle, Esquire ; 1649, John Cooke, Esquire ; 1655, Richard Shute, Esquire. 
 
 II 
 
62, 
 
 The Hospital of St. Cross. 
 
 A LIST OT THE EECTOES OF THE PAEISH CHUECH OE ST. EAITH, 
 
 FEOM THE TIME OF EDWARD I. TILL ITS INCORPORATION 
 WITH THE HOSPITAL OF ST. CROSS BY CARDINAL BEAUFORT, MARCH 6, A.D. 1446. 
 
 PATRONS. 
 
 A.D. RECTORS. 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 
 John Bellegambe 
 
 Died, A.D. 1287. 
 
 .John de Pontissaea 
 
 1287 John Pavon 
 
 
 
 Henry de Liskered 
 
 Resigned, A.D. ISOO. 
 
 
 1300 Hugh de London 
 
 Resigned, A.D. 1330. 
 
 Ribaud de Assekio 
 
 1320 William Knygiit 
 
 Resigned, A.D. 1333. 
 
 
 1322 Robert de Sandale 
 
 Died, A.D. 1343. 
 
 Adam de Okleton 
 
 1312 Richard de Bybuby 
 
 1342 Thomas Dueleye 
 
 Resigned, A.D. 1342. 
 
 William de Edyndon 
 
 1349 Nicholas de Kyngeston 
 
 1367 John Ragebas 
 
 And Rector, A.D. 1357. 
 
 
 1361 Richard Laurence 
 
 Died, A.D. 1381. 
 
 William de Wykeham 
 
 1381 William de Echeneswelle 
 
 
 
 1889 Thomas L.vvyngton 
 
 1389 John Masonn, alias Spiser 
 
 1390 Thomas Buckiiurst 
 
 Resigned, a.d. 1389. 
 
 
 — — John Pomery 
 
 Resigned, A.D. 1411. 
 
 Cakdinal Beaueoet 
 
 1411 John Moore 
 
 
 pfor this list of Hectors, as well as for several important corrections and additions in the previous list of 
 Masters, we are indebted to the kindness and researches of Francis Joseph Baigent Esq., of Winchester.] 
 
enb ^tefing PutKbing^. 
 
 “Belo\'ED St. Cross! where all the charms combine 
 That warm the canvass or that grace the line ; 
 Thou kind retreat from sorrow and from care, 
 
 With sparkling waters and a bahny air ; 
 
 Ami d thy meadows green and peaceful shades, 
 
 Thy crowning liiUs and long deep bow’ry glades. 
 What troubled heart can fail in thee to find 
 Health for the body, solace to the mind.” 
 
 tlie Itclien, amid sunny lidls and flofvery 
 meads, tlie position of St. Cross offers no exception to the proverbial 
 sagacity with which our forefathers chose the sites of their religious houses and 
 charitable foundations. Distant only a mile from the Cathedral City, and udthin 
 a few yards of the high road to Southampton, the lofty Church of De Blois rises 
 majestically from the midst of the domestic buildings, which are picturesquely 
 grouped about it ; and, fringed by luxuriant elms and magnificent walnut trees, 
 presents an aspect as charming as it is imposing. Thus situated, it is a conspicuous 
 object to the traveller approaching Winchester from various directions, and from 
 a considerable distance. And on a nearer approach, the lower buildings, which 
 cluster round the Church, add theh full share to the general effect. This is more 
 especially the case from the Southampton direction, whence the noble gateway of 
 Beaufort, the refectory with its striking porch, and the long range of tall quaint 
 chimneys, combine, uith the Church and the fohage, and the occasional peeps of 
 the river between the trees, and St. Katharine^s hill in the back ground, to form a 
 complete picture. 
 
 Let us enter the well kept quadrangle, or, as it is more usually termed, the 
 court, from the direction just indicated. Leaving the high road by the little 
 
64 
 
 The Hospital of St. Cross, & 
 
 \idcket gate^ crossing tlie green close, leaving tlie old walnut trees on the right 
 hand, across the corner of the park, we pass through the iron gate into the Hospital 
 premises. We are at once impressed by the calm repose of the antiquated place, 
 which certainly possesses an indescribable air of its own ; and, with its tall box 
 edgings, and old fashioned flowers, and luxuriant fig-trees, vines, and creepers, is 
 very nuldve an ordinary college quadrangle. We begin our survey with that which 
 is at once the most ancient, and the most interesting, portion of the whole group. 
 
 mife CTfiwrcS. 
 
 Ix the accompanying illustrations, the reader will observe four direct views of 
 the Church itself; two exteriors and two interiors. They speak for themselves. 
 Without professing to explain them in every detail, and still less to usurp the 
 office of Exhibitor, it is the Master^s desire, in these pages, to explain briefly what 
 has been done during the last eight or ten years ; to dhect attention to some 
 special points of interest ; and to convey a general notion of the whole design. 
 
 j^l^HE Exteriob, of the Church first claims our attention. It is a massive 
 cruciform structure, with central toiver and imposing transepts. The west front, 
 with its lofty buttresses, its elegant early English double doorway ornamented 
 with tooth moulding, and its large decorated window, will repay an attentive survey. 
 Just enough of the gable-cross remains to show that it once existed there. The 
 north porch varies the line of the aisle-roof in the happiest manner ; it is early 
 English in style, and shews the remnants of tooth-work in the door mouldings : it 
 is well groined, and surmounted by an upper chamber. The udndows of this and 
 the opposite aisle vary in character. Those nearest to the transepts are Norman, like 
 the lower transept-windows themselves; but the others become distinctly early 
 English as they approach the west. The clerestory windows, over the tiled roofs 
 of the aisles, are decorated ; and, together with the lead-covered roof above them, 
 were the work of William cle Edyndon : it has been already noticed that the nave 
 was only thatched until liis mastership. John de Campeden completed the tower 
 at a somewhat later period, and constructed and glazed the eight windows, two on 
 each side, which light the lower portion beneath the belfry. 
 
 The north transept terminates with a central buttress beneath an early English 
 window, and a gable-light above. On each side of the buttress is a finely carved 
 

 
 
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CHURCH OF ST. CROSS, N.W. 
 


 CHURCH OF ST. CROSS, S.E. 
 
 No. ir. 
 

 
 
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Alms House of Noble Poverty. 
 
 65 
 
 Norman -vraicloTr; that to the east is concealed by the ambulatory, the western one 
 has been recently restored to its original purpose. 
 
 If the reader now joasses from the fii’st to the second external view, which is 
 
 tahen from the meadow behind the Hospital, he has before bun the peculiar east 
 
 front of the choir; with its central and side buttresses, its ten windows in 
 different tiers, its turrets which have long lost their spires, and its circular Norman 
 openings in the gable. A richly carved semi-Norman doorway Aiith pointed arch. 
 
 in the Avail of the north-eastern aisle, close 
 to the transept, is now closed up. On 
 the opposite side, in the south-east angle, 
 is a very curious doorway, of which a 
 sketch is annexed. This peculiar “ triple 
 arch,^^ as it is usually called, eAudently 
 formed, in earlier times, an entrance into 
 the Church from a cloister which then 
 existed, and which is still to be traced in 
 the weather tables, and in the shortening of 
 the adjacent AAindows. The doorway seems 
 to have taken its peculiar shape from the 
 necessity of scooping into the wall on 
 the right, in order to make the most of 
 the scanty room alloAved by a buttress in 
 
 too close proximity at the left. The internal arrangement is here equally 
 perplexing, and whl be referred to presently. The roofs of the choir-aisles were 
 lowered, and the triforium-openings glazed, in the mastership of John de Campeden. 
 Attached to the south transept is a vaulted chamber of inferior height, which 
 appears to have been the ancient sacristy. A considerable portion of the exterior 
 of the Church is plastered, showing the stone work at the angles only. It has 
 been recommended to remove this plaster, and, as far as possible, to point and 
 restore the walls. Meanwhile, even as it is — 
 
 The fresh greensward and trees of various growth, 
 AATiich planted seem where they should most adorn, 
 Harmonise well with the grey masonry.” 
 
 IxTEUiOE, of the Churcli noAV invites examination. The Master will 
 endeavour, in the fii’st place, to give some notion of the condition in Avhich he 
 
66 
 
 The Hospital of St. Cross, & 
 
 found it. It was not so utterly neglected as Dr. Lewis describes in bis answers 
 to Arcbbisbop Laudas enquiry. It was indeed in^ -wliat is called^ “substantial 
 repair;” and;, as for cleauliness, it seemed to liave been periodically limewashed 
 ever since tbe death of that worthy Master^ who signalised his reign by completing 
 the whitewashing of the whole Church, just three weeks before he expired. The 
 following extract from a report of the architect, in the spring of a.d. 1 858, 
 gives the true state of the case. “Internally the Church is very damp; and 
 “ it will never be otlierunse until its pavements and floors have been taken up, 
 “ the soil below excavated and removed, and the pavements relaid entirely free 
 “of it. The walls and piers generally require to be carefully cleansed from 
 “ whitewash, and the stone and purbeck marble to be everywhere exposed, and 
 “ repaired where they have been cut away. There is dry rot in some of the wooden 
 “floors. It is quite undesirable to spend money upon a repair of the present 
 “ arrangements. A general refitting is very desirable.” 
 
 At that time the floor Avas broken and uneven, as well as damp ; the seating 
 Avas of the most incongruous character, partly deal, and partly oak grained over 
 with paint ; the tAvo loAver winclGAA^s at the east end Avere blocked up altogether ; 
 the marble shafts were limewashed ; and the delicate carAung coated Avith plaster, 
 Avas in some parts actually reduced to a smooth surface. A cumbrous wooden 
 structure, painted to resemble oak, blocked up the east end of the Church. And 
 the general effect (such as it was) was intercepted by a high deal screen, atHcIi 
 had been carried across the nave and aisles, and reached from the floor to the 
 capitals of the large Norman columns. In short, the space appropriated for 
 Dmne Service was completely boxed up. Yet, in the language of the architect’s 
 report, so undesirable did it seem to spend money upon any attempted improA^e- 
 ment of the existing arrangements, that, for some years, the Master devoted 
 himself to his purely ministerial Avork; not only as the more important duty, 
 but also, as feeling sensible that the time Avas not then arrived when he could 
 deal Avith the Church effectually, and in a manner Avorthy of its high character 
 and sacred use. It Avas not till a.d. 1860, that he was able fairly to begin his 
 cherished design. But of this, more hereafter: iioav, for the present aspect 
 of things. 
 
 The peculiar and indescribable charm of the Church lies in its substantial 
 dignity and beauty of proportion. The first vieAv which the stranger obtains, 
 whether he enter by the north porch, or by the grand western doors, is 
 perhaps equally good. Entering at the north, he sees the aisle and transept 
 

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INTERIOR OF THE CHURCH OF ST. CROSS LOOKING EAST. 
 
 No. III. 
 
 W. SAVAGE. PHOT. 
 
Alms House of Noble Poverty. 
 
 67 
 
 arraugements to greater advantage, and lie is more impressed by the grandeur 
 of the columns. The view from the west entrance, which is depicted in the former 
 of the two interior illustrations here given, most completely displays the extent 
 and effect of the recent restoration. One important feature, which no past 
 neglect could impah, is the imposuig altitude and sunplicity of the vaulted ceiling. 
 Another featm’e is the lantern, formed out of the lower story of the central tower. 
 But the eye instinctively rests upon the east end of the Church, where the highly 
 enriched Norman work of De Blois is clearly visible from the west, at a distance 
 of 125* feet. The celebrated arcading of semicircular interlacing arches, the 
 exquisitely carved window mouldings, the purbeck shafts, now denuded of their 
 wash, and the effective vaulting of the choir, — are all heightened in effect, and, as 
 it were, set in a double frame, by the lofty piers and arches which support the 
 lantern. The lantern itself is pecuharly effective, and throws an air of lightness 
 and grace over the whole budding. The corbel heads, which support the ceiling 
 of the lantern, are very boldly designed. Nearer to the spectator, as he views the 
 Church from the west, are the huge chcular columns which bear the arches of the 
 nave, and rest upon massive square bases. The foliated ornaments at the angles 
 of the bases, which in continental architecture are termed “griffes,^^ or claws, 
 demand attention by theh boldness and character. The ground plan of the 
 Church was, no doubt, set out from the first : but, after awhile, when the work 
 had been carried up to a certain point by its Norman architect, the western 
 portion was suspended. The work, thus suspended, was not resumed till the 
 transitional Norman architecture had been merged in the early English. This new 
 style, then growing into use, was freely adopted. In some parts, the change is 
 distinctly marked ; as, for mstance, in the string course, Avhere a boss of foliage 
 dhides the Norman and early English work : but, m other places, the older style is 
 so gradually absorbed in the new, that it is impossible to point out any precise 
 line of demarcation. This remark is particularly applicable to the aisle-windows 
 of the nave : the first, from the east, is distinctly Norman, with the square abacus 
 surmounting its shafts, just like its fellows in the choir ; the second is round- 
 headed, like its Norman predecessor, but with circular abacus and later mouldings ; 
 the third is bluntly pointed; and the last windoAV of each aisle, facing west, is distinctly 
 early Enghsh. The great west Avindow, which completes the Avork, is early decorated. 
 
 The transitional character of the architecture in the nave, from the later 
 Norman to the more distinctly English style, to AA'hich attention has been thus 
 
 *The breadth of the Church is 54? feet at the aisles, aud 115 at the transepts. The height, about 57 feet 
 to the vaulting of the nave : probably 20 feet higher to the oak ceiling of the lantern. 
 
68 
 
 The Hospital of St. Cross, & 
 
 directed, is very claaracteristic of the times in which the Church was slowly built. 
 But the choir and transepts furnish a remarkably fine specimen of the transitional 
 style of Norman architecture itself; when the earlier Norman carving, which is 
 sometimes of remarkiible rudeness, was being succeeded by a delicacy of workman- 
 ship, combined ndth richness of design, Avhich has been scarcely ever surpassed. 
 This kind of work abounds in the choir and eastern aisles. 
 
 The projecting purbeck bases near the communion-rail, on which the chancel 
 piers rest, seem to court inquiry ; and, if cross-examined, have a tale of their own 
 to tell. They were surmounted, till recently, by large octagonal columns of the 
 perpendicular period. These appeared so clearly to be a later casing to earlier 
 Avork, that, during the progress of the restoration, four years ago, the architect 
 determined to investigate beneath the surface. On removing a portion of the 
 casing, a circular column of Caen stone was found Avithin. But some further 
 signs of a purbeck marble capital appearing inside that again, the workmen were 
 induced to penetrate yet deeper, and the discovery of a complete purbeck column of 
 about tAvelve inches diameter, in the centre of all, aaws the result. An open cluster, 
 consisting of central column and four detached shafts, aU of marble, had been 
 eAudeutly designed in the first instance ; and the sockets, for the square termina- 
 tions of the shafts, are still visible on the projecting angles. But it must have 
 become apparent, in the progress of the Avork, that this arrangement Avas not 
 equal to the superincumbent Aveight ; and so the northern column was at once 
 cased Avith Caen stone. This material AA'as used in the original Avork, but not 
 subsequently. On trying the same experiment in the south pier, the Caen stone 
 column AAWS easily reached ; but the workmen failed to detect the innermost shaft 
 of marble, Avhich led to the conclusion that the first design had been abandoned, even 
 then. Tavo hundred and fifty years later, it would appear that John de Campeden 
 considered the enlarged columns, AA'hich Avere nine feet six inches ui circumference, 
 still unequal to the position, and re-cased them accorduigly. This remarkable 
 discovery offered a strong temptation to recur to the primary arrangement; 
 Mr. Butterfield, however, adopted the more prudent course; and, leaAung the 
 greater portion of De Campeden’s additional casing, has restored the angular 
 shafts, and brought the capitals into unison AAith the responds east and Avest of 
 these central columns. 
 
 Another highly interesting incident Avas the discovery of the high altar slab, of 
 dark marble, in a state of the most complete preservation. This discovery Avas 
 made by the Master, before the commencement of Z. O.^s restoration, Avlide he 
 Avas engaged upon a little amateur scraping, at the east end of the Church. On the 
 
Alms House of Noble Poverty. 
 
 69 
 
 removal of tlie cumbrous and wholly incongraous piece of woodwork behind the 
 communion-table^ he found a large slab^ eight feet three inches in length, imbedded 
 in an upright position, in the centre of an old stone reredos, and covered with 
 whitewash. "Vnien the wash was removed, the five crosses of consecration were 
 found as sharply defined as when first incised. This marble slab had doubtless 
 surmounted the high altar of alabaster, erected by John de Campeden, in the reign 
 of Eichard the Second. It now rests beneath the present table, which has been 
 purposely constructed of the same dimensions. A smaller chantry altar slab wns 
 found, laid down as a gravestone, in the south aisle of the choir ; it is considerably 
 perished, and but two of its five crosses can now be faintly traced. This latter 
 slab is laid down at the eastern extremity of the south aisle of the choir, in which 
 it was found, and forms the base of the former communion table ; which, with 
 some other woodwork in the choir, was removed to this part of the Church, at the 
 time of the recent restoration. The displaced furniture of the choir, carefully 
 cleansed from its repeated coats of paint, is there lovingly preserved ; and is in 
 constant use, at the brethren's daily seindce. 
 
 In the corresponding chapel, formed by the 
 north aisle of the choir, considerable remains of 
 the- ancient wall-paiiitiug may be traced, on 
 both sides, at the east end, and on the vaulting 
 of the ceiling. Several figures are distinctly 
 discernible. A very elegant piscina, and some 
 brackets, of which an illustration is here given, 
 also deserve examination. The elaborate screen, 
 mth canopy work, which divides the eastern 
 bay of this chapel from the choir, will not fail 
 to he noticed. 
 
 There are further interesting remnants of 
 wall-painting, in the south transept. In a finely 
 arched recess, in the eastern wall of this transept, once stood an altar to St. Thomas 
 of Canterbury. The Hon. Alan Brodrick, -who was at that time residing with the 
 Master, especially midertook this portion of the work; and, as the coatings of 
 whitewash were removed, not only did the stone carved work stand out distinctly, 
 hut, it soon became evident that, on the back of the recess, over the altar, there 
 had been a series of pictorial representations. The outline of knights in Norman 
 chaiu armour, a large sword, a mitre resting on an altar, and portions of an 
 
 I 
 
70 
 
 The Hospital of St. Cross, & 
 
 aj)parently priestly figure interposing, are more or less distinctly visible. A com- 
 parison -with the larger and clearer wall-painting of tbe murder of a Becket, in 
 Preston cliurcli, Brigliton, materially helps to fill up the gaps ; and especially, 
 supplies the prostrate figure of the Archbishop himself, who, most provokmgly, 
 despite every effort, cannot be brought out at St. Cross. On the south end of the 
 same transept is a bold delineation of the taking down of our Lord from the Cross, 
 covering the whole surface of the wall. 
 
 The recent colouring of the choir and lantern is, therefore, an attempt to 
 reproduce a species of ornament with which the Church Avas, in earher days, 
 enriched throughout. Por this specimen of a kind of work which, till recently, 
 had fallen so completely into disuse, Ave are indebted to the talent of Mr. Butterfield 
 and to the public spirit of a gentleman, “a native of Hampshire,^'’ Avho most 
 munificently headed a special subscription for the purpose. The introduction of 
 colour is, at least, no novelty in the Church of St. Cross. Wherever the AALite- 
 Avash has been removed, the remnants of ancient Avork of this character are 
 discovered ; and it Avas strongly felt, by the Architect and other friends, that any 
 attempt at restoration, AAdiich ignored the colouring, Avould be uuAVorthy of the 
 place. 
 
 The remnants of ancient stained glass are to be found mainly in the large west 
 windoAV. Its contents, hoAvever, are at present very fragmentary, and of various 
 dates, kir. Winston says : — “The earliest specimens of early English glass I have 
 “met Avith in the neighbourhood of Winchester, are tAVO fragments, probably of 
 “ a border, Avorked in Avith other glass in the Avest windoAV of the nave of St. Cross. 
 “ This glass belongs to the early portion of the thirteenth centuiy, and doubtless 
 “ came out of one of the Norman AvindoAvs of the Church.'’^ He attributes the 
 figures, uoAV in the loAver part of the AvindoAv, to about the reign of Hemy YI. It 
 is needless to say that the present arrangement is incongruous. But it is proposed, 
 at the earliest opportunity, to remove aU the existmg glass ; carefully to adapt the 
 valuable ancient glass to other AvindoAVS in the Church j and then to refil the Avest 
 AvindoAV Avith the best modern glass. The modern glass already put up is partly 
 by Wailes, and partly by Alexander Gibbs. The tAvo upper AAundows at the east 
 end of the choir, representing the Eesurrection and Ascension, AA'ere the first 
 presented ; and are a thank offering on the part of friends Avho never cease to exert 
 themselves for the improvement of the old Church, and its restoration in every 
 part to its former beauty. The AvindoAv over the font came next. It is an olfering 
 
 * Mr. Butterfield’s designs liave been executed by Messrs, Ilarland and Fisher, of Southampton Street, Strand. 
 
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 \ 
 
Alms House of Noble Poverty. 
 
 71 
 
 on tlie part of several young persons wlio had been baptized there ; and possesses 
 an interest of its ouir on that account. Other vdndows, (the gifts of various 
 friends,) foUoved : each vith its outi history and interest. 
 
 The pavement of encaustic tiles deserves especial notice. This has been already 
 referred to in an earlier portion of the book, as the work of John de Campeden in 
 the fourteenth century. But, owing to burials, alterations, and the repaving 
 effected by Dr. Lewis in the seventeenth century, the main design had become 
 entirely obliterated ; and even the lesser patterns had been quite neglected. All 
 the old tdes have now been relaid, vdth due regard to pattern, in the north and 
 south aisles. They rest upon a pavement of York stone, beneath which there is 
 complete ventilation. The nave and choir are laid with new tiles, carefully 
 prepared by Miutou, from the old designs : the only new pattern being the mystic 
 letters of the munificent benefactor, “ Z-O.” 
 
 In the eastern wall of the south transept, close to the present organ, is the 
 somewhat jDerplexing inner arrangement of the “triple arch;” of which an 
 illustration is here given. It was unquestionably an entrance, in early times. On 
 clearing out the odds and ends, (capitals and other pieces of columns, vith the 
 colour stdl adhermg to them ; fragments of a broken piscina, etc.,) with which it 
 had been blocked up, the old the pavement was found at the bottom. But whether, 
 at a later date, the pieces were worked up vdthout design ; or whether it may have 
 been employed for the distribution of some dole, or alms ; the writer does not 
 
 profess to decide. The incomplete arch 
 above it, is ornamented with the double 
 potent, a device supposed to be taken from 
 the armorial bearings of the Bounder. The 
 peculiar construction beneath it, whereby 
 the flat heading of the original doorway is 
 planned with a key-stone, on the prmciple 
 of an arch, deserves attention. A similar 
 construction is observable in the flat-headed 
 doorway in the north aisle of the choir. 
 
 The triforium - arrangements, and wall- 
 galleries, are very complete throughout the 
 Church. In some parts, from their coloured 
 ornamentation, and their extra width, they 
 bear evidence of having been once in frequent 
 
72 
 
 The Hospital of St. Cross, ^ 
 
 use. In the foregoing description, the Master has purposely abstained from 
 touching upon many objects of interest and value, 'which the visitor will at once 
 see for himself, or, which the mtelligent Exliibitor will explain. He cannot bring 
 this general notice of the present aspect of his grand old Church to a conclusion, 
 nor can he reflect on the striiing contrast it presents to what met the eye some 
 ten years ago, without a hearty ascription of praise to God, Yflho has put it into 
 the hearts of so many of His servants to give freely of their substance to adorn 
 and beautify His holy House. 
 
 BEAUPORrS TOWER, REFECTORY, AND MASTER’S RESIDENCE. 
 
 FEW preliminary remarks upon the position of the Hospital-buildings may 
 be acceptable. The general plan consists of an outer aud inner quadrangle. The 
 entrance to the former is on the north side of the Hospital, and presents no special 
 architectural features. On the east side of the entrance court is what is commonly 
 known as “ the Hundred Mennes’ Hall,” now converted into a brewhouse. On the 
 ■west are the kitchen and stabling. On the south are Beaufort’s tower and two 
 bays of the Refectory. Thence, passing through the gateway, the visitor reaches the 
 inner court in Avhich the Church is situated. 
 
 Illustrations v and vi give slightly varied ■views of the noble tower and gate-house 
 erected by Cardinal Beaufort. They are taken from the south, facing the Church. 
 Over the arch is seen a square-headed and transomed two-light window, belonging 
 to the muniment room ; and above this a single vacant niche, which is said to have 
 contained a statue of the Virgin."^ The opposite side of the tower, facing the outer 
 court, is adorned with three canopied niches : in one of which is the kneeling 
 figure of Beaufort, in his Cardinal’s hat and robes. The two remaining niches are 
 
 * Milner, writing in a.d. 1798, says — “ This was filled vlth a female statue, until within the last fifty 
 “ years ; when it fell down by accident, and was destroyed. The venerable brethren, w’ho remembered this 
 “ occurrence, and the risk which one of their number ran of being killed by its falling upon him, said that it 
 “ represented a milk-maid with a pad upon her head ; aud that the original foundation of the Hospital by 
 “ De Blois was owing to his meeting with a person of that description on this spot, and to the conversation 
 “ which he had with her upon the utility of such a charity. U’e do not hesitate to pronounce that this 
 “ supposed milk-maid, with the pail upon her head, was intended for the blessed Virgin, with her high crown, 
 “ as seen in many of her statues : and we have, in this febricated history, a curious instance of the stories that 
 “ were sometimes palmed off upon ignorant iconoclasts, in order to preserve religious statues.” 
 
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BEAUFORT'S TOWER AND REFECTORY, ST. CROSS. 
 
Alvfis House of Noble Povej'ty. 
 
 73 
 
 empty. It is conjectured that one contained the statue of the first Founder^ and 
 that the central niche held the holy Cross, in commemoration of which the Hospital 
 was dedicated. Beneath is the principal entrance. The archway is four-centred, 
 and well moulded ; and in the spandrils are the royal arms of England, and those 
 of the Cardinal. The latter are distinguished here, and in other places, by a border 
 surrounding the shield. The moulduig above the arch bears the Cardinahs hat, 
 together with the heads (it is suggested) of J ohn of Gaunt, his father ; of his royal 
 nephews, Henry V and Henry YI ] and of his predecessor Wykeham. The gateway 
 is vaulted and ribbed. On the east side is the porteris lodge. The gates themselves 
 are strictly closed and barred, by the porter, at nine in the evening in summer, and 
 nt eight in winter : after which hour there is neither egress nor ingress without the 
 Masteris permission. Little hardship is felt in this respect. The brethren keep 
 very primitive hours, remembering the old adage, 
 
 “E;\.rly to bed, and early to rise, 
 
 Makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise.” 
 
 
 
 
 
 JSJKhe Eefectory adjoins the tower on the west side. Externally it is distinguished, 
 from the domestic buildings beyond it, by its bold porch and flight of steps, and 
 by its three perpendicular transomed windows, with intervening buttresses. In 
 summer and autumn, it is further enriched with the luxuriant foliage of fig-trees, 
 and the variegated hues of a Yirginian creeper ; wliich, in combination with the 
 architectural details, enhance the general effect. Internally, although in a rougher 
 state than might be wished, it conveys a good idea of a banqueting hall in the 
 olden time. It is forty-five feet in length, twenty-four feet in breadth, and thirty- 
 two feet in height, to the apex of the rafters. An open hearth occupies the centre 
 of the chamber, after the fashion of an earlier age ; and around the glowing embers 
 of this central fire the ancient brethren still quaff their ale and sing their songs on 
 Gaudy-days. Occasions of this sort carry us back to days when, perhaps, the old 
 walls resounded more frequently to the ringing laugh, or the jocimd song; and 
 again, to the times succeeding the Eestoration of the Monarchy, when the bottles 
 of sack ” formed a somewhat important item in the steward's account. The minstrels^ 
 gallery remains over the entrance screen. 
 
 “ Merry it is in lialle to hear the harpe, 
 
 The minstrelles synge, the jogelours carpe.” 
 
 But the chief feature is the fine open-timbered roof, which is in good preservation. 
 It is in four bays; and has not, like most of the other woodwork, been painted white. 
 
74 
 
 The Hospital of St. Cross, & 
 
 There is no Avall-wainscotting remaining in the hall, except at the upper end, where 
 the raised dais and high table continue as in days of yore. This end of the hall 
 is enriched with a curious and valuable specimen of an ancient Flemish triptych, 
 of AA'hich an outline is here given. 
 
 It represents the holy family in the central compartment ; and, on either side, 
 St. Katharine and St. Barbara. The latter is distinguished by a tower, in which her 
 father Dioscorus, a heathen of Hierapolis, is said to have immured her. St. Katha- 
 nue is knoAAm by the Avheel provided for her execution, and by a SAvord in her left 
 hand. This painting on panel has been attributed to Albert Diirer. There is, 
 hoAA'ever, no conclusive evidence of its authorship ; nor of the cii’cumstances under 
 Avhich it came into the possession of the Hospital. Of its real excellence a connois- 
 seur thus AA'rites : — The triptych in the refectory at St. Cross, to my small 
 experience, seems one of the most beautiful pictures extant.'’^* 
 
 The original stained glass, in the upper lights of the windows, deserves notice. 
 The royal arms are rej)resented bordered, and surmounted by the CardinaFs hat, 
 from AAdiich depend the strings and tassels. The words of the surromiding motto 
 are “ a honor ct lyesse.'” 
 
 * A similar painting, on very old oak, has been for generations preserved in the family of the Eev. A. Earle, 
 A^car of West Alvington, Devon. He describes the side figures and central composition as identical ; but the 
 back-ground as different. His picture, he says, has always been considered to he a Lucas Cranach. This 
 eminent German painter was a contemporary of Albert Diirer. He was born in a.d. 1473, and died in a.d. 1553. 
 


 
 
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 J . 
 
No. VI. 
 

Alms House of Noble Poverty. 
 
 75 
 
 It lias been akeacly remarked, in tlie first part of tliis book, that the present 
 rongb staircase to tbe muniment room, ivbicb so materially interferes udtb tbe dais, 
 is not tbe original arrangement.* * * § It lessens tbe space available for tlie bigb table ; 
 and for tbat reason lias been found somewliat incoiiveiiieiit when tlie ancient ball 
 bas been used for those purposes of bospitality for wbicb it vus originally constructed. 
 A brief reference to a few of these festive occasions may interest tbe reader. 
 
 On tbe lltb June, a.d. 1855, being tbe feast of St. Barnabas, tbe present 
 Master entertained tbe bretbreii and some personal friends at dinner in tbe ball, for 
 tbe first time. On a subsequent occasion of tins kind, tbe then Lord Mayor of 
 Londont honoured tbe Master and brethren with bis company at dmner, and wus 
 pleased to compbment tbeu' bowl of punch. On the lOtb of IMarcli, a.d. 1863, tbe 
 brethren and all tbe inmates dined with tbe Master and bis family in ball, to 
 celebrate tbe wedding of tbe Prince and Princess of kVales. A month afterwards, 
 on tbe occasion of opening tbe new Organ, April 11th, tbe late Bishop of Eochester,J 
 and a very large party of gentry and clergy of the county and neighbourbood, lunched 
 in tbe old Eefectory of Cardinal Beaufort. But the largest and most influential 
 gathering of tbe kiud was on tbe 19tb October, a.d. 1865, at the re-opening of tbe 
 Church, wbicb bad been closed for more than twelve months during the progress 
 of tbe restoration. After tbe opening service, and sermon by the Bishop of "VYin- 
 cbester, tbe old ball was fiEed with guests in every part ; and tbe social meal was 
 followed by some excellent and genial speeches. Tbe Bishop presided ; § and was 
 supported by tbe blaster and a large number of influential residents in tbe diocese, 
 including Lord Eversley, Sir JYilliam and Lady Heatbcote, Mr. Melvdle and Lady 
 Charlotte Portal, Mr. Sclater-Bootb, M.P., Mr. Beach, M.P., Mr. Simonds, M.P., 
 tbe Archdeacons of lYmchester and Surrey, j] and considerably more than one hundred 
 of tbe gentry and clergy. Tbe next day, the ball was ec[ually full of tbe village 
 school-children, who bad their separate treat. And the day following, tbe Master, 
 supported by tbe Yen. James Eandall, Archdeacon of Berks, and several personal 
 friends and relatives, entertained tbe brethren themselves, for wEom, on tbe two pre- 
 vious days there bad been no room in then own ball. And again, since ‘^‘'tbe 'VYincbester 
 
 * “The primitive ladders, by which formerly the solars, or upper chambers, were approached, were now 
 “ discarded for staircases of a goodly size, flanked with curiously carved banisters of oak.” — Parker's JDo/aes/ic 
 
 Arcliiiecture of England in XV. Century. 
 
 t Mr. Alderman Carter. + Dr. Wigram. 
 
 § Seated under a rich canopy, emblazoned with the arms of the See, prepared and presented by Mr. Francis 
 Joseph Baigent. 
 
 11 The Venerable Dean of Winchester would have been present, but for the death of Viscount rahuerstou, 
 which occurred the previous day. 
 
76 
 
 The Hospital of St. Cross, & 
 
 Church Choral Union^^ has held its annual festival of parish choirs in the Church of St. 
 Cross, the hall has proved of essential use for dining the choirs between the services. 
 
 On ordinary occasions, the brethren assemble in hall to receive their hot dinners, 
 on Sundays, Mondays, Tuesdays, and Thursdays, at twelve o^clock : and after grace 
 has been said, and the meat carved, each brother is accustomed to carry his share to 
 his own room. At eight o’clock each morning in the summer, and at nine in 
 Avinter, the brothers assemble in hall for their daily alloAvance of beer. They 
 generally appear in good time, with beer-can in hand, each wearing his gOAAn and 
 cross. And it is pleasant to hear their morning salutations, or to see them chatting- 
 in little groups on the porch steps, Avaiting till the bell summons them into hall. 
 Under the hall is a crypt, AAith a central shaft supporting its vaulted roof : this 
 makes an excellent beer cellar. 
 
 Beyond the hall, and approached by a sloping passage, is the Hospital Kitchen, 
 a fine, lofty room, furnished Avith every convenience for cooking on a large scale ; 
 not Avith the noAv almost universal closed range, but Avitli a huge open grate, of 
 ample size to roast a Avhole sheep, if required. 
 
 Next to the hall is the Master’s Eesidence, Avhichis spacious and convenient, 
 Avith a very pleasant entrance hall, partially panelled in oak. The rooms on the 
 principal floor are large and lofty ; and the long corridors, Avith deeply recessed 
 casements in the thickness of the Avail, some of them ornamented Avith the remains 
 of ancient painted glass, have a singular air of quaintness and antiquity. Some of 
 the AvindoAvs have been enlarged, at a comparatively recent period ; but, AAith this 
 exception, it presents externally precisely the same peculiar features as the portion 
 noAv appropriated to the brethren, out of AAdiich it has evidently been constructed, 
 at a period subsequent to the original building.* 
 
 THE BOOMS OE THE BBETHBEN. 
 
 Ji^HESE occupy the Avest side of the quadrangle. Their external aspect is well 
 represented in the tivo accompanying aucavs, marked ix and x. The long range of 
 roof, covering the refectory, the Master’s residence, and the brothers’ rooms, is 
 carried from Beaufort’s tower round the north and Avest sides of the mner court at 
 
 * Dolman, in his “ Examples of Ancient Domestic Arcliitecture,” remarks ; — “ On careful examination of 
 “ tlie plans, the autlior has ascertained that were the huildings completely restored, — (the Master’s House and 
 “ other portions, as they at present exist, indicating considerable departure from the original arrangement,) — 
 
 “ tlicre is accommodation for exactly the number of inmates provided by Cardinal Beaufort.” 
 

 
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BROTHERS' ROOMS, ST. CROSS. 
 
VIEW FROM^PORTER-S LODGE, ST. CROSS. 
 

Alms House of Noble Poverty. 
 
 77 
 
 tlie same level : but tbe monotony of tMs arrangement is pleasantly varied by the 
 chimneys. The design of tliis portion of the building is exceedingly simple^ and 
 consists of square-headed windows without tracery, low arched doorways, and a 
 range of chimney-projections with high octagonal shafts. Each dwelling comprises 
 a sitting room, bed room, scullery, and closet, and is very compactly planned. 
 The back closets are externally arranged as a series of gabled projections towards 
 the gardens; and, like the chimneys on the other side, very happily vary the 
 otherwise unbroken line of the elevation. The Lockbnrn, a clear and rapidly 
 flowing watercourse, conveyed from the river Itclien, to which it returns at some 
 distance from the buddings, runs beneath these jwojections, and immediately carries 
 off all impurities. This sanitary arrangement is simple and effective. 
 
 Before any restoration was commenced in the Church, the attention of the 
 ]\Iaster and Trustees was directed to this portion of the building, and to the 
 increased comfort of the aged inmates. Two sets of rooms, one on the ground 
 floor and one above, were, at a considerable cost, fitted up as model rooms. In the 
 other sets, where less costly unprovements were effected, stone sinks were placed 
 in the sculleries, and ranges with ovens in the sitting rooms, for all who were 
 desirous to have them. The outer doors, opening to the quadrangie, were in a most 
 imsatisfactory condition : in two cases, oak doors of substantial workmanship and 
 handsome design have been already substituted. The pent-house coverings over 
 these outer doors are in worse condition than the doors themselves ; and only 
 remain until they can be replaced by some better arrangement. The central door- 
 way of the seven leads to the common pump, and to the garden allotments of the 
 fraternity. The brothers take the most lively interest in their garden, which has 
 a good wall, and is very productive. 
 
 THE AMBULATOEY. 
 
 the east side of the quadrangle is an exceedingly picturesque range of 
 buildings, which unites that portion of the structure adjacent to Beaufort’s tower, with 
 the Church. These buildings comprise a covered way, or ambulatory,* communica- 
 ting directly with the north transept of the Church ; and a gallery above, divided 
 into a series of narrow chambers opening into each other. It has been conjectured 
 
 * This existing ambulatory is totally distinct from the ancient southern cloister, which once conunuiiicatcd 
 with the opposite transept, and connected the Church with buildings which have disappeared centuries ago. 
 
 K 
 
78 
 
 The Hospital of St. Cross, & 
 
 that the gallery formed part of the Hospital infirmary. This, however, may admit 
 of considerable doubt. 
 
 At Tliornbury Castle, Gloucestershire, there Avas a passage arrangement, of 
 cloister below and gallery above, leading to the church. A short quotation from 
 Parker^s domestic Architecture of England ” may interest the reader, and throAV 
 some light upon the subject. He describes — “A fair cloister, or walk, paved with 
 ” brick, over Avhich is a fair large gallery leading to the parish church of Tliornbury, 
 “ at the end Aidiereof is a room with a chimney, and a window looking into the said 
 “ church, Aidiere the Duke (of Buckingham) sometimes used to hear service in the 
 “same church.” 
 
 That the gallery at St. Cross, as Avell as the ambulatory, Avas used for a 
 communication AAuth the Church is beyond doubt ; for the AviudoAv at the end of it 
 had been cut and altered into a passage-Avay leading into another gallery inside the 
 Church, and extending all across the north transept. The clearest evidence of the 
 former existence of such an inner gallery was found, at the tune of the recent 
 restoration, by the fact that the stoneAvork had been cut aivay at regular intervals to 
 receive the timbers AA’hich supported it. The height of this gallery, and of the wooden 
 structure or second gallery AAdiich covered it, is still marked by two stone corbels, 
 one unmediately above the other, in the Avail of the north transept, between the 
 end AvindoAvs. From this inner gallery the large Avall-painting of the descent from 
 the Cross, at the end of the opposite transept, must have been distuictly visible. 
 It is not improbable that the painting Avas expressly designed and executed for the 
 benefit of those aaIio once occupied this position. The second illustration gives the 
 inner vieAv of the ambulatory. On the right, is the door of the turret staircase 
 leading to the gallery. On the left, is the entrance to the Masters garden. 
 
 It has been already stated that all this portion of the buildings may be attribu- 
 ted to IMaster Robert Sherborne, at the beginning of the sixteenth century. He 
 has left his initials and motto over the fire-places, in the porter’s lodge, and in the 
 chamber above it, and around the quaint pillar which supports the little oriel which 
 forms a prominent feature in the AueAV. This custom of introducing the initials of 
 the builder had become general at that period. 
 
 
 THE PARK, MEADOWS, AND GARDENS. 
 
 Immediately south of the Hospital, and separated only by a dirarf aawII and iron 
 railing, on the site of the former buddings Avhich Avere pulled down by Dr. Lockman 
 

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AMBULATORY. ST. CROSS, 
 
AMBULATORY. INTERIOR, ST. CROSS. 
 
Alms House of Noble Poverty. 
 
 79 
 
 in the last century, is a spacious meadow called the Part. It is well studded uith 
 trees, and reaches to the banks of the Itchen. The footpath to Twyford crosses the 
 park. An extensive rookery is being gradually formed here : the birds first began 
 to build thirteen years ago, and have added to the number of their nests year by 
 year ever since. When the grass is mown the haymakers claim a “jack of beer^^ 
 from the Hospital, which is provided by immemorial custom. The accompanying 
 view happened to be taken at an interesting, and sometimes an exciting, moment. 
 A tree had fallen, or had been cut down. When such an event occurs, the brethren 
 are entitled to the top and lop ; and the whole community is astir until the fallen 
 hero is dismembered, and his leafy spoils equally divided. Some of the brothers 
 fall to work vigorously for themselves ; others, from age or inexperience, act by 
 deputy ; but the oldest and most infirm members of the fraternity survey the field 
 of action, if they can do no more than offer advice ; and, at last, the senior brother 
 decides that the lots are fairly apportioned. This decision being acquiesced in, the 
 next thing is to convey the lots to their own wood-stores ; and the two Hospital 
 barrows are in great requisition. The Master has often seen an aged brother on 
 these occasions shouldering a huge log which, even allowing that it could be brought 
 witbiu the category of “top and lop,” seemed almost too great a weight for four- 
 score and over. But it is astonishing what fresh youth old limbs can assume at 
 times like these. 
 
 Divided from the park by a low fence, and to be recognised (in the accompany- 
 ing view) by the headstones beyond it, is the quiet little cemetery ; wherein many 
 of the brothers rest from their labours, in the blessed hope of a joyful resurrection. 
 It is a peaceful, bright, and sunny spot ; and is endeared to the living occupants of 
 the Hospital as the hallowed resting-place, not only of the long-buried dead 
 of past generations, but of personal friends whom they have known and loved. 
 Perhaps nothing presents a truer test of the changed and improved tone of feeling 
 amongst the brethren, than the ideas they cherish in regard to this little church- 
 yard. Thirteen years ago no burial had taken place in it within the memory of 
 living men. Some brothers were buried in St. Faith^’s ground ; a few in a little plot 
 eastward of the Church j some were carried to the Winchester cemetery ] still more 
 seem to have been taken to the places whence they came : and the present Master 
 remembers well, w'hen he first came, being intrusted by more than oue brother 
 with directions as to the prospective place of his interment, elsewiiere. There had 
 been widely prevalent an unsettled and uncomfortable feeling in respect to their 
 abode while living ; and dying they had no wish to leave their bones in a place 
 which they had scarcely felt to he their real home. But the “long winter of their 
 
8 o 
 
 The Hospital of St. Cross. 
 
 discontent^’ was drawing to a close; elements of discord no longer existed to 
 disturb the liarmony of the place; the senior brother (Charles Matthews), who 
 died jnst at that time, expressed a Avish that he should be buried on the spot ; 
 and noAA’, for the burial of an inmate to take place elscAA'liere, is a rare exception. 
 There is no Avish, on the part of the brethren, to be separated in death from a spot 
 AAdiere thej have passed the closing days of life in freedom from worldly anxieties, 
 and in peaceful preparation for their expected change. (Job xiv. If.) 
 
 The footpath to the east of the Church leads the pedestrian, from the park 
 through “ pigeon - house mead,” in the direction of Winchester College. This 
 meadoAv derives its name from a very large pigeon-house AV'hich formerly stood at 
 the north-east corner of the Master’s garden, but is noAV only to be traced in a 
 semicircular bend of the garden-Avall at that corner. From the next stile north- 
 Avard, a very good vieAv is obtained of the Church, and a portion of the Hospital 
 buildings, including Beaufort’s toAver. This constitutes the concluding vieAv here 
 presented. The landscape is enhanced by the intervening foliage of the garden, 
 Avhich lies to the east of the ambulatory, and is described, in the early part of 
 the last century, during the rule of Dr. Markland, as adorned Avitli evergreens and 
 Avatercd by a canal. It is s2)acious and fruitful ; and capable of great im2>rove- 
 meut Avhen circumstances jaermit. 
 
 It Avill be remembered that some of the meadoAvs and closes immediately adjacent 
 to the IIosjAital had been leased out, in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, to the great 
 inconvenience of the Master and brethren. Since then, the home 2>i’operty has 
 ahvays been kc^h in hand, or let from year to year at its iwojrer value, for the due 
 maintenance of the establishment. 
 
 The reader has noAv been conducted through the Hosj)ital-buildiugs, and around 
 the contiguous premises ; he has surveyed the gardens, and Avalked in the park ; he 
 can still stroll, if he 2>lease, under the shade of the elms and along the smooth 
 bank of the beautiful Itchen, as far as the Avater-mill. And after he has seen the 
 SAvans ; and refreshed himself, on his return, AAnth travellers’ fare at the porter’s 
 lodge; he may like to ask some questions as to the future prospects of the Institution. 
 
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VIEW FROM THE PARK, ST. CROSS. 
 

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VIEW FROM THE MEADOW. ST. CROSS. 
 
PART III. 
 
 Il^psioralion anb Future fVosj^prt^. 
 
 “Is there no pledge to hope’s fore-seeing eye, 
 
 IVhich these firm walls and living courts supply? 
 
 No hard can find a ruined oriel liere 
 On which to muse, and shed the pensive tear. 
 
 No moss-grouTi stones, no ivied loop-holes, lend 
 Thoughts such as poets love to weave and blend. 
 
 But here the days of Restitution dau-n. 
 
 Here gleams are seen of the mUlenial morn. 
 
 Times of refreshing mark this favoured spot. 
 
 Though dark the providence which cast the lot.” 
 
 “n^^OUGH has been ivritten in these pages to show that the P-IST history of 
 St. Cross is replete nhth interesting recollections. It is interwoven with 
 the biography of men, who hi their day took a leading part in the ecclesiastical 
 and civil government of om’ country. Its present aspect has been also described. 
 Cahn and peaceful, though the subject of so much strife and litigation; neat and 
 weU ordered, though for the time straitened to the utmost as to pecuniary resources ; 
 never more active than when most seriously reduced in circumstances ; and shootuig 
 out the more vigorously when cut down to the very roots. 
 
 "What, then, are its puture prospects ? After thirteen years of battle with 
 the difficulties of the situation, sometimes patiently waiting his time, but more 
 frequently struggling to surmount the obstacles presented by crippled resources, 
 the writer has abated none of his hopes for the future. He has not a doubt 
 that St. Cross is destined, in the providence of God, to be far more extensively 
 useful than it ever yet has been ; and that it will be made to realise, m a much 
 greater degree, the benevolent designs of its noble rounders. The question is, 
 whether he and his co-trustees can reasonably hope themselves to ivitness this 
 happy consummation ? Time is required. Not merely time to mature wise plans ; 
 
82 
 
 The Hospital of St. Gross, & 
 
 but, especially in this instance, time to allov/ leases to fall in, and financial 
 difficulties to rigdit themselves. From the nature of the case, as vi'ill jnesently be 
 explained more fully, it is a race of lives against lives ; and many of the lives upon 
 the existing leases are comparatively quite young. Meanwhile, they who can 
 hardly hope to behold the consummation may live to see the daAvn, they who can- 
 not expect to complete the edifice may lay the foundation, and plan the super- 
 structure. At least, each year is bringing the day of restitution nearer; and 
 rendering it more important for the friends and managers of St. Cross to be 
 prepared udth well digested measures for the future. 
 
 THE PEOVISIONAL SCHEME FOE MANAGEMENT. 
 
 circumstances under which St. Cross came before the Court of Chancery 
 have been already stated. A Scheme for the interim management of the 
 Hospital,^^ was approved by the Court, on the 32nd June, a.d. 1855; and slightly 
 modified on the 20th March, a.d. 1857. It is expressly stated that “this Scheme 
 “ is intended to be a temporary one ; and shall in no way prejudice the claims of 
 “the Ahnshouse of Noble Poverty.” And that, “when, by the falling in of the 
 “ existing leases of the charity property, or otheruise, the income shall be increased 
 “ to a sum which, in the opinion of Her Majesty^s Attorney-General, shall make it 
 “ desirable that a new or further Scheme should be settled for the due administra- 
 “ tion of the charity, application shall be made to the Court for that purpose.” 
 
 1. It is one of the main features of the Scheme, which it shares in common 
 with other schemes for the regulation of similar charities,* that “ The charity, and 
 the property thereof, shall be under the management and control of Trustees .”t 
 The duties of the Trustees, as to the charity property, are thus defined. “The 
 
 * Compare, for instance, a “ Scheme for the management and regulation of the Hospital of God, in 
 “ Greathaiu, in tlie county palatine of Durham ; ” approved hy the High Court of Chancery^ 31st July, 1866.” 
 
 -j- Tlie present Trustees are — 
 
 ^Tiie Master of the Hospital 
 •§ I The De.an of WTnchestee. 
 
 % The MayoPv of Winchester 
 
 / The IV ARDEN OF Winchester College 
 V.The Rector of Compton 
 
 Viscount Eversley 
 
 Lord Northbrook 
 
 Sir William Heathcote, Bart., M.P. 
 
 Thomas Chamberl-VYWE, Esq. 
 
 C. W. Benny, Esq. 
 
 Major Lowth 
 
 W. Barrow Simonds, Esq., M.P. 
 Julian B. Yonge, Esq. 
 
Alms House of Noble Poverty. 
 
 83 
 
 “lands and buildings of the charity^ except tbe buildings within the precincts of 
 “ the Hospital^ shall from time to time be let and demised at the best annual rent 
 “ or rents that can reasonably be obtained for the same ; either from year to year, 
 “ or for any term or number of years not exceeding twenty-one years in possession, 
 “ and not in reversion ; and without taking any fine, or premium, on the making 
 “ of auj'^ such demise/'’ 
 
 This clause furnishes an opportunity for giving a brief explanation of the 
 present impoverished circumstances of the Hospital ; and of the reason why, rvith 
 large revenues in prospective, the present administrators of the charity have to deal 
 with such straitened resources. The main source of income to previous blasters 
 was derived from the enormous fines Avhich were paid on the renewal of leases of the 
 Hospital property for three lives. And the annual rents, reserved for the 
 maintenance of the Hospital, and payable during the continuance of the leases, 
 Avere small in proportion. The larger the fine, the smaller the rent. But the late 
 Master renewed leases on these terms, and received his fines, to the very last moment; 
 leaA-ing the present managers of the Institution the burden of paying the heavy 
 remainder of chancery costs, (amounting to many thousands sterling,) and of 
 maintaining the existing establishment on an efficient footing, AAuth no income Avhat- 
 ever beyond what is received from these reserved rents. Under such circumstances, 
 and Avith such additional liabilities, one or tAvo fines Avould have been of the 
 greatest value. But any such rencAval Avas absolutely forbidden by the Court, that 
 there might be no further impediment to the earliest possible expiration of the old 
 leases. And not only Avas Beaufort’s advoAvson of Crondall sold, to aid in paying 
 off the costs, but a large sum of money Avas borroAved for the same purpose.* 
 
 The gross amount of annual income AA^as returned to the Trustees, soon after 
 their appointment, at £1722:2:4. This has been recently increased to the 
 
 * The following is a brief summary of costs, draum up in July, a. d. 1857 : — 
 
 Attorney-General, to August 1st, 1853... 
 Ditto, subsequently 
 
 Injunction against Mr. Holloway 
 
 Surveyor’s charges 
 
 Costs of the Bishop, to August 1st, 1853 
 Ditto, subsequently 
 
 Costs of Master and Brethren 
 
 £ s d £ s d 
 
 2959 5 -i 
 
 1150 0 0 
 
 - 4109 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 711 
 
 IG 
 
 4 
 
 1793 
 
 L 
 
 o 
 
 8 
 
 ) 
 
 ■ G99 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 . 350 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 7G63 
 
 7 
 
 5 
 
 . 1997 
 
 5 
 
 3 
 
 £5C6G 
 
 o 
 
 O 
 
 Already paid on Account 
 Then remaining to be paid 
 
84 
 
 The Hospital of St. Cross, & 
 
 extent of about £200 per annum, by tbe falling in of the lease of the tithe rent- 
 charge of Frcefolk. But it has not been materially enlarged from other sources ; 
 and, as the present yearly expenditure (including interest of money borrou'ed to 
 pay costs, repairs, and other necessary outgoings incident to the nature of the 
 Hospital-property,) is about £1800, or rather more, it uill be obvious that the 
 margin of surplus revenue is exceedingly scanty. The lease of the Freefolk tithes, 
 ■which has just fallen in, -was granted upon a term of years : but all the other 
 leases having been granted upon three lives, and continuing in force so long as any 
 one of the three survives, there are no means of ascertaining -with precision when 
 the revenues of the charity will be further increased. The estimated annual value 
 of the property, when the leases shall have all fallen in, considerably exceeds £8000.^- 
 
 2. The next portion of the Scheme relates to the Master : his appointment, 
 stipend, authority, and duties. These are points on which he feels it is unnecessary, 
 perhaps unbecoming, for him to enlarge in a Avork of this character. Suffice it to 
 say that the emoluments of the office are scarcely equal to its prestige. The 
 present stipend is avoAvedly proportioned rather to the diminished means of the 
 charity, than to the duties imposed, or the position to be maintained. 
 
 3. The conclusion of the Scheme deals Avith the brethren, and the hundred- 
 hall poor. The brethren are to receive their usual rations ; a Aveekly payment in 
 money, of five shillings each ; and their cloth goAvns yearly. But the Tmstees 
 haA'e an option, “if they shall think fit, to abolish the system of supplying 
 “them Avith food, etc.; and they shall, in such case, pay to each brother a certain 
 “ fixed stipend, not less than £30 per annum, and not exceeding £40 per annum, by 
 “ Aveekly instalments, in lieu of all such alloAvances and payments, excepting the 
 “ goAvus as aforesaid.’’ The brethren are maintained at Be Blois’ original number 
 of “thirteen.” I’hey are to be poor and impotent men, having attained the age of fifty 
 years at the least, and not in receipt of parochial relief. The huudred-hall-poor are 
 continued “ for the present,” far beloAv their ancient number. But here, likeAvise, 
 the intention is to order things on a more liberal scale, whenever funds permit. 
 
 The property of “Noble Poverty,” remains distmguishable, to a great extent 
 from the original endoAvments of St. Cross, and it is the expressed design of the 
 Court to settle a scheme for the revival of that portion of the charity, AA'hen, by the 
 falling in of the existing leases, or otherAvise, there shall be an available income 
 sufficient to render such a step desirable. 
 
 * As valuetl Iiy Mr. Tite, M.P., £8652 ITs. lid. 
 

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Brother Wliitehread. Brotlier King. Brother Piper. Brother Griffiths. 
 
Alms House of Noble Poverty. 
 
 85 
 
 PIEST ATTEMPTS AT EESTOEING THE CHUECH. 
 
 tlie reasons just assigned, tie present Master was debarred, at his entrance 
 upon office, from attempting the enlargement of the brotherhood, or the revival of 
 Noble Poverty, or any permanent extension of the charity. And, after he had 
 worked up his congregation, and organised the parish of St. Eaith, he had 
 absolutely no practicable work left him, in the immediate exercise of his office, but 
 to restore the magnificent Church of the Hospital. If this could be rescued from 
 neglect, and, by voluntary contributions, restored to its original beauty, in 
 readiness for the enlargement of the Institution, one important point would be 
 gained in anticipation. 
 
 The success has been beyond his hopes. And, beyond the immediate success, 
 a good beginning of a greater work has been made. The successful restoration of 
 the Church is, in itself, an augury of the successful restoration, in the end, of the 
 whole design so nobly planned by Beaufort and De Blois. What has been already 
 accomphshed, in the teeth of obstacles, is an omen of more important achievements 
 in store, when aU those obstacles are removed. For it must become the duty and 
 privilege of the Master and Trustees, at some future day (more or less distant), 
 ufith the advice and sanction of the higher court, to remodel the Institution itself, 
 and to place it in a position worthy of the benevolent intentions of its munificent 
 Pounders. 
 
 It is true, the time is not yet. But so it seemed a few years ago Anth regard 
 to the restoration of the fabric. The condition of the Church thirteen years back 
 has been described. A few minor improvements Avere effected ; but the Master 
 felt that he could do nothing material, perhaps ought not under the circumstances 
 to attempt anything, Avithout the co-operation of the future Trustees. Eor their 
 appointment he Avaited (somcAvhat impatiently) two years. His oavii institution 
 took place April I6th, a.d. 1855 ; and the first meeting of the newly-appointed 
 Trustees was held on April 14th, a.d. 1857. During that interval, all avIio were 
 interested in St. Cross, both inside and out, were longing for the appointment of 
 the Trustees. Theft advent was to inaugurate a ucav state of things. This aaus 
 the panacea for aU the ills and Avrongs of the place ; and well does the Master 
 
86 
 
 The Hospital of St. Cross^ ^ 
 
 remember one of the ancient brethren who, as death was approaching, expressed 
 liis deep concern that he might not live to see this desired consummation. Those, 
 however, who were spared to hail the appointment of the Trustees, and to welcome 
 their first arrival, scarcely reahsed the immediate advantages they had been too 
 eagerly expecting. Much necessary business had to be transacted. The real 
 state of the case was oflRcially explained. It became still more apparent that there 
 were no surplus funds ; and that, with the utmost economy, it would be impossible 
 for years, to pay the remaining chancery costs, still amounting to £5666. 
 
 What coidd be done ? How was a Eestoration to be even so much as named ? 
 To start a subscription seemed the only chance left. The Master accordingly wrote 
 to the Trustees at some length, inviting them to join him in heading a subscription 
 list, to be circulated through the county, with a statement of the circumstances 
 under which such a step was taken. The replies to this preliminary and private 
 application, on the part of the Master to his co-trustees, were not encouraging. 
 The noblemen and gentlemen, upon whose judgment he most relied, pointed out 
 to hun, with much force, the difficulty of making such an appeal in a case like 
 this, where the property really existed, and would eventually fall in to the Hospital ; 
 though, for the time, it was incapable of being touched. They advised him to 
 wait. He had no other course left. Though he feared he might wait tfil the next 
 century ; and, even then, be informed that the restoration of the Church was not 
 the sjDecial object for which the funds of the charity were ajjplicable. 
 
 Compelled, in this way, to abandon the idea of any large or comprehensive 
 Avork, his attention was devoted from time to time, to such smaller matters as were 
 conducive to the convenience of the congregation, or the more decent performance 
 of Divine Service. For instance, the seating was partially re-arranged ; the children 
 were transferred to the north transept, where a small organ had been introduced j 
 and, early in the year a.d. 1860, the Master felt that, with an increased and 
 increasing number of communicants, a more adequate supply of Communion plate 
 had become an indispensable requisite. The then existing service consisted of 
 nothing but a small-sized paten and chalice, and a silver plate of later date : the 
 last mentioned haviug been presented by Bishop Porteus, apparently as an ahns- 
 dish. There was no provision for the separation of the consecrated and unconsecrated 
 elements; and the single chalice was no longer large enough for its pm-pose, 
 without being replenished. The question suggested itself : — “ W ould Lord Guilford, 
 after the example of his predecessor, Bishop Porteus, leave a pleasant memorial of 
 
Alms House of Noble Poverty. 
 
 87 
 
 his long connection with the place, and present a chalice as a further supplement 
 to the Hospital plate ?” The idea was respectfully communicated to his lordship : 
 but with what success the following reply reveals : — “ Deprived of my rights, as I 
 have been by the Com-t of Chancery, I am perhaps the very last person to whom 
 application should be made for a donation to the Hospital. The heavy debt you 
 mention would not exist, had not the Master of the Eolls forced me from my 
 ofi&ce, and deprived the Corporation of its chartered property, and placed it in 
 other hands. To those hands I must refer you. Waldershare, Eebruary 10th, 
 A.D. 1860.'’^ The Master met with greater success in other quarters. The Visitor, 
 the Trustees, and the congregation, liberally responded to his appeal ; and the 
 present very handsome and costly service of Communion plate, partly old and 
 partly new,* is the result. One of the Trustees, to whose judicious counsel and 
 liberal aid, on all occasions, the Master is most deeply indebted. Sir William 
 Heathcote, made the remark that, “this was worth doing w'ell, inasmuch as it 
 might be considered the first step in- the much desired restoration.” His w^ords 
 were quickly realised : for, in a very short time, before the end of that year, the 
 thorough repair of the nave of the Church w-as actually commenced. 
 
 The first attempt at anything approaching to a thorough restoration was brought 
 about in this way. — By strict economy, during the four or five preceding years, a sum 
 of about six hundred pounds had been accumulated, after the ordinary expenses of the 
 Hospital were defrayed. The amount raised by the sale of the Crondall advowson, 
 in addition to a previous sum of £838 applicable to the same purpose, had 
 materially diminished the chancery costs ; and had indeed completely discharged 
 that portion which required immediate payment. It Avas stated that the Attorney- 
 General would not press for the discharge of the remaining sum, which related to 
 his own costs. And the Trustees resolved, after some hesitation, to apply their 
 surplus, not towards the liquidation of the debt, but to the somewhat urgent needs 
 of the Church. 
 
 It was proposed by the Architect to begin with the nave, as being that 
 portion of the Church least in use at the time, and yet most capable of being 
 rendered available for an enlarged congregation in future. By a judicious 
 expenditure of the sum in hand, the nave and its aisles w'ere completely cleansed 
 from their repeated coats of whitewash ; the entire flooring was relaid, free of the 
 earth, partly in oak, and partly in York stone ; the decayed doors, (north, west, 
 
 * Adapted and designed by Mr, Butterfield, and prepared by Keith, of the City Road, London. 
 
88 
 
 The Hospital of St. Cross, & 
 
 aud south,) ^ye^e replaced in oak, after the original patterns ; and the whole was 
 made ready for use, except relaying the ancient tiles upon the stone-bedding, and 
 covering the oak floor vdth suitable seats. 
 
 
 LACK OP FUNDS.— AN UNEXPECTED AND UNKNOWN 
 BENEFACTOE. 
 
 this critical j)oint the work ceased for a season. Not only was the balance 
 in hand expended ; but the Attorney-General thought the time had arrived for the 
 payment in full of his outstanding costs. For this purpose, it was found necessary 
 to borrow considerably more than £2000, at a rate sufficiently high to pay off 
 principal as well as interest in thirty years. And the additional annual payment 
 thus necessitated, by absorbing the surplus income, at once extinguished all 
 reasonable hope of going forward with the restoration, so far prosperously commenced. 
 Yet, notvdthstanding these delays, after a pause of two or three years, the work 
 Avas resumed Avith reneAved vigour in the Spring of A.n. 1864, in consequence of a 
 very remarkable and munificent offer on the part of an unexpected Benefactor. 
 
 Meanwhile, the Master and his immediate friends Avere not idle. In the 
 Autumn of a.d. 1861, the Norman AA^ork at the east end of the Church was 
 partially ojaened out, and the heavy deal screen removed. About the same time 
 the upper stained glass AAundoAA's AAm’e giA^en. In a.d. 1862-3, the flne organ, by 
 IValker, aa'us built and erected. And in the Summer and Autumn of the latter 
 year, brother King, AAitli the help and direction of the Honoiu’able Alan Brodrick 
 and the Master, AA^as contmually at Avork on small and accessible portions of the 
 building; jncking out plaster, scraping off Avhitewash, and revealing one after 
 another those delicacies of detail which form one of the chief attractions of the 
 architecture of the transition period. 
 
 In the midst of this gradual progress, on the morning of the 15th of August, a 
 most unlooked-for letter arrived, from an anonymous and AA’liolly unknoAA'n writer. 
 It Avas posted from CoAves ; and addressed to the Master. The Avriter stated that, 
 in a recent visit to St. Cross, he had been much impressed by the beauty of the 
 Church, and had heard AAnth regret that the work of restoration Avas delayed from 
 the Avant of available funds. He proceeded to offer a donation of £500, on certain 
 
Alms House of Noble Poverty. 
 
 89 
 
 specified conditions. These were to the following effect : — that the sum so given 
 should he expended on the east end of the Church : that the lower windows should 
 be fiUed with stained glassj corresponding in treatment and colour with those 
 abeady inserted above : that there should be some memorial in the glass^ of the 
 Queen and of the late Prince Consort and of the Bishop and Master for the time 
 being : and further, that any ancient glass, or tiles, displaced during the work, 
 should be carefully preserved in appropriate situations. The writer subscribed 
 hims elf “Z.O.p and requested an answer to be forwarded to the General Post 
 Ofiice, London. 
 
 The Master and Trustees most thankfully accepted so liberal an offer ; and the 
 money was most promptly paid. But, strange to say, although the same 
 munificent benefactor has subsequently given a sum of £250 more, "Z.O.” is, to 
 this hour, as completely shrouded in mystery, as on the day when the first letter 
 was laid on the Master’s breakfast-table at St. Cross. 
 
 EESUMPTION AND PEOGEESS OF THE WOEK. 
 
 CHOIR was now to be the scene of operation; and Mr. Butterfield was 
 again busy with examinations and plans. It soon became evident that £500 
 would but partially do the required work, even if limited to the eastern end. And 
 the Master was naturally most anxious to make full use of this excellent opportunity ; 
 and, while the scaffolding was in the Church, to carry on the restoration, so as to 
 include the lantern and transepts also, and thus to clear off the whitewash 
 throughout the whole interior of the building. It was resolved that the whole 
 of ‘^Z.O’s.” donation should be spent in actual work; the Hospital defraying 
 the Architect’s commission. This was the utmost that the charity funds could 
 then allow. 
 
 Clearly the time had now arrived to make an appeal to the County. The 
 cbcumstance of an entbe stranger having come forward so nobly, justified, and 
 almost compelled, an attempt to raise a sum sufficient to carry out the ivork, thus 
 recommenced, with some degree of completeness. The appeal was made; and 
 proved very successful. All the Trustees responded. The Bishop gave a handsome 
 
90 
 
 The Hospital of St. Cross, & 
 
 donation of £110. And the Wandering Minstrels gave one of their admirable 
 concerts, Avliich produced £138, clear of expenses, for the restoration fund. 
 
 On the 30th of April, a.d. 1864, the agreement was signed for doing the first 
 portion of the work. On the 26th of the folloAving November, the Bishop, and a 
 large party of county gentlemen, lunched with the Master, and inspected the 
 progress of the works. And on Thursday, October 19th, a.d. 1865, the restored 
 Church Avas re-opened for Divine SerAUce. On this occasion the Bishop Avas again 
 present, and preached a most appropriate sermon from Haggai ii, 9 : — “The glory 
 “ of this latter House shall be greater than of the former, saith the Lord of Hosts : 
 “and in this place Avill I give peace, saith the Lord of Hosts.” 
 
 The next day Mr. Melville Portal, of Laverstoke House, who had already, at 
 his oAvn cost, undertaken a certain amount of decoration recommended by the 
 architect, proposed a plan to the Master for raising a distinct fund for the 
 continuation of that work. He offered to be himself a further contributor of £50, 
 on condition that nine other persons should give similar sums, Arithin a given 
 period. This proposition Avas warmly responded to ; and before the end of the 
 next month, the ten fifties Avere paid, or promised ; besides some lesser sums for 
 the same purpose. This fund has been applied specially to coloured oniamentatiou. 
 IMany friends, besides the pecuniary offerings, made themselves responsible for 
 special portions of the Avork : such as stained glass windows, lectern, pulpit, 
 communion-rail and carpet, sedilia, candle-standards, one hundred of the nave 
 chairs, etc. The Hospital undertook the substantial oak stalling under the lantern. 
 
 The folloAving summer did not pass Avithout a further testimony on the part of 
 “Z.O.” of his continued interest in the AVork. He then offered his second 
 benefaction in these terms, addressed to the Master : — 
 
 “ 9tli July, 18GG. 
 
 “ Rev. Sir, — The writer offers to contribute the sum of £350 towards the expense of 
 providing stained glass for St. Cross Church ; and, assuming that, as yet, no steps have been 
 taken to renew the west window, he would take the liberty of suggesting — 
 
 “ 1. That £300 be applied to the purpose of putting a new window at the west end of the 
 church. 
 
 “2. That the remaining £50 bo appropriated to the adaptation of the ancient glass now in 
 the west window to windows in other parts of the church, and that on no account the old glass 
 be removed from the church. 
 
 “ 3. That the modern glass now in the west window be excluded from that situation. 
 
 “4. That the firm of Messrs. AAbiiles, which he believes has already supplied some of the 
 glass in the church, be engaged in this case. 
 
 “ He hopes it will not be considered presuming to state that the above offer is made upon the 
 understanding that the foregoing suggestions would be adopted, if they do not interfere with any 
 plan that may have been already contemplated and approved.” 
 
Alms House of Noble Poverty. 
 
 91 
 
 “Z.O.^s” second donation was paid as promptly as liis first. But a total sum 
 of £500 is required to complete the proposed work : and, although Lord Eversley 
 has promised £50, it is a matter for regret that sufficient money has not yet been 
 raised to justify any step more active than preparing the jdans; which Mr. Butterfield 
 has undertaken to do. 
 
 In the course of the last year a substantial oak case was added to the organ, 
 which had been before unprotected. During the present year, the Wandering 
 Miustrels have most kindly given a second concert ; which, after all expenses paid, 
 has furnished one hundred pounds towards the requisite stall-work of the chancel. 
 This important portion of the Church furniture, it is now hoped will be thoroughly 
 and satisfactorily completed before Christmas; by which time, also, it is most 
 earnestly to be desired that the west window fund may be sufficiently advanced for 
 working purposes. 
 
 WHAT EEMAINS TO BE DONE. 
 
 the way of church restoration, several matters of more or less importance still 
 require attention. For instance, the floor of the transepts has not yet been 
 touched ; it needs to be relaid after the fashion of the nave and aisles ; especially 
 the floor of the south transept. The groined chamber, contiguous to the south 
 transept, might, with great advantage, be restored to what, we may assume, was 
 its original purpose. It is wanted not only as a vestry, but as a kind of chapter 
 room, or meeting place for the Master and brethren ; particularly on more solemn 
 occasions, such as the introduction and installation of a new member of the 
 fraternity. 
 
 In the way of ornament, the elaborate stone screens, north and south of the 
 chancel, call for attention. And additional stained glass might be inserted with 
 great advantage ; more especially in the nave. 
 
 For comfort, an additional Gurney-stove would be of great service for the more 
 equal distribution of warmth. And, when opportunity otfers, permanent seats for 
 the nave, constructed with due regard to architectural etfect, seem very desirable. 
 The present chairs, which are excellent of their kind, will always be of important 
 use for extra congregations and choral festivals. 
 
92 
 
 The Hospital of St. Cj'oss, & 
 
 It would not be difficult to enumerate other wants. The existing clock, after 
 doing its duty well for a lengthened period of time, has of late been giving 
 warning that its day of active usefulness is nearly over. It is of very ancient 
 construction ; and requiring to be wound up daily, has always been a source of 
 some little anxiety and care to the aged brother whose duty it has been to preside 
 over its destinies. A new clock, arranged to chime the quarters, as well as strike 
 the hours, would be a vast improvement. The Master speaks the more feelmgly 
 on this point, because he has been writing this book within sound of such a clock, 
 recently put up in the tower of the church which he has frequented, and in which 
 he has spent many happy hours, during his unavoidable absence from home. The 
 quarter -chimes, upon four bells, indicate the passage of time in the sweetest 
 manner : and the voice of the chimes would tell its own appropriate lesson to the 
 fraternity of St. Cross. The followmg lines, composed for St. MarFs, Brighton, are 
 appended, ulth the kind permission of the writer : — 
 
 Heee for a time, 
 
 Far off we roam; 
 
 Yet sings the chime, 
 
 “Home, nearer Home.” 
 
 Sings through the night. 
 
 Sings through the day, 
 
 “Still fight the fight, 
 
 StiU watch and pray.” 
 
 Fast flies the time. 
 
 Here overcome ; 
 
 While sings the cliirae. 
 
 Home ! neaeeb, Home ! 
 
 ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 
 
 CONCLUSION. 
 
 would have been easy to swell the catalogue of minor wants. The refectory 
 needs greatly to be cleansed from whitcAvash and AAffiite paint, and made more 
 suitable for its original use. But this, and other points, aaIU be attended to in due 
 season ; when the Hospital has available funds, and is enabled to grapple, in some 
 adequate degree, with the work before it. Till then, its progress can be but 
 preliminary, and by instalments, as special chcumstances, or the benevolence of 
 individuals, enable it from time to time to anticipate its future. 
 
 With this conviction, the Master, though ready to avail himself to the utmost 
 of any offer that may be volunteered for the benefit of his Church and Hospital, 
 thinks that he has done enough in the way of public appeals. He is deeply sensible 
 
Alms House of Noble Poverty. 
 
 93 
 
 of tlie kiucLaess Tvith -whicli sucli appeals have been hitherto received, and heartily 
 thankful for the large measure of support which has been afforded to him from 
 every side. He will carefully preserve what has been so far accomplished ; and he 
 will faithfully expend, to the best of his ability, whatever more may he intrusted 
 to his charge. But his great object will be, as opportunity is given, to mature 
 plans for the fm’therance and extension of the Charity of which he is the guardian, 
 and for the future development of its resources ; knowing well, that the beauty of 
 the Church, and even the order of its services, deeply important as those services 
 are, form but a j)ortion of the entire design which was planned by He Blois, and 
 expanded by Beaufort. 
 
 That the benevolent schemes of these princely bishops and royal benefactors, 
 so long and so often frustrated, may be, at length, as completely carried out, as 
 their noble architectm’e is abeady to some extent restored ; and that a far larger 
 number of happy and united brethren may partake of their charity, and practically 
 realise their pious wishes, by “humbly and devoutly serving God;’^ is the earnest 
 prayer of the writer of these pages, as, he trusts he may assume, it is also the 
 sincere desire of the reader of them, and indeed of every one who has ever paid a 
 visit to the pleasant and peaceful Hospital of the Holy Cross. 
 
 M 
 
94 
 
 The Hospital of St. Cross, ^ 
 
 
 RE-OPEjN'ING of the church of ST. CROSS AT WINCHESTER. 
 
 are few, probably; of the readers of tire John Bull who do not feel an interest in the noble 
 foundation of Henry de Blois, which adds another to the great glories of Winchester. Apart from the 
 picturescpue beauty and architectural importance of the buildings, die ancient character of the Institution, one 
 of the few now left to us of its kind, with its common brotherhood, its religious garb, and its old form of 
 hospitality, affords a link with ages gone by, which the Conservative character of our nation makes us cherish 
 gratefully. Unfortunately, how'ever. Conservatism has not always been discrhninating as to what is worth 
 preserving, and the Masters of St. Cross have, with the dole and the silver cross, tenaciously kept up other 
 institutions of far more objectionable character. Tims, the Hospital archives record of one in the last 
 century, that “ lie died three weeks after he had whitewashed the clmrcli.” Mark, this is by no means to be 
 regarded as a judgment on him ; on the contrary, as memorial records are always framed upon the principle 
 of de moriuis nil nisi honum, it is rather to be construed as if he had added one more jewel to liis crown, and 
 so was ripe for departure. And when I last saw St. Cross, in the Exhibition year of 1851, that new era of 
 light in art, the walls of the church had just received their periodical coating, at the especial command, as 
 I was told, of the Master. Under the whitewash regime, then, the condition of Holy Cross Church had 
 become rather discouraging, when the present enlightened Master first assumed the silver cross. The nave 
 was a desert, the choir and sanctuary were blocked up with pews, dirt (save the whitewash), damp, and 
 decay, reigned everywhere, and things probably would have been even worse, but for the archaeological and 
 historical interest attaching to the place, wdiich brought it much under the notice of out-siders. Moreover, 
 the most beautiful feature of the building, the east end, was disfigured by the zeal of a good Warden {lie was 
 no Conservative), who had blocked up the wonderful Norman windows with a perpendicular reredos. I 
 forget his name, but he lies in the centre of the chancel, and the pleasure with which he must now 
 contemplate the destruction of his handiwork wiU, I trust, compensate him for the purgatorial remorse he has 
 suffered, since five centuries ago he must have found out what a blunder he had made. But I am anticipating. 
 
 It wiR be reachly understood, then, that the new Master had no light work before him, in remedying the 
 mistakes and shortcomings of his predecessors. His great difficulty has been to find the means. St. Cross has 
 no repairing estate, and the Trustees have unluckily got into Chancery, which holds them pretty tight, so that 
 they could do little. They made the nave decent, and restored the tower roof ; they could do no more. 
 And, overshadow’ed by the splendour of Winchester, St. Cross has not been able to estabhsh its position as 
 the county monument, and so draw into its meshes the county w'ealth, as Ely and Hereford have done. 
 
 An anonymous donor, who sent £500, gave a great impetus to the work. He made a condition that it 
 should be spent upon the east end of the church ; and the tiles of part of the choir, marked with “ Z. 0.,” teU 
 their eloquent tale of his modest devotion. Other sums soon came in, besides special gifts, and the result is 
 a very grand, though incomplete, restoration. Tlie great wonder is that so much has been done for the smaR 
 sum of £2000, aU raised as yet. For the whole of the church has been put in thorough good order. This 
 implies a good deal, when the pew-encumbrance and the dilapidated floors are taken into consideration. 
 Thus, the choir is properly filled with two rows of stalls for the brethren, and in low'er grades seats for the 
 choir. I pictured a goodly sight of the greyhaired, silver-crossed seniors in the stalls, and the double row of 
 wliite-robed singers beneath them. But this picture was not reahsed. Next, tlie pavement has been relaid. 
 
Alms House of Noble Poverty. 
 
 95 
 
 That in the choir and sanctuary, and up the centre of the nave is new, the rest is chiefly a collection of the 
 old tiles, for wliich St. Cross was famous, carefully arranged, and, where necessary, completed hy new work. 
 Some Purheek marble shafts have been introduced into the sanctuary, where a clean sweep has been made of 
 the perpendicular reredos, and the result is an east rvall of perfect Norman w'ork of ahuost unique beauty. It 
 is in three stages — the first contains two window's, with magnificent zigzag mouldings ; the second, four, and 
 the highest, two more. Much of the effect is due to a central pier which springs from the second stage to 
 the groining of the roof. The glass of the windows represents, in the lower stage, the Nativity and the 
 Epiphany (Old and New Christmas-Day — a happy juxtaposition) ; in the second, wliere the windows are 
 necessarily narrow, some monograms ; and in the higher stage the Resurrection and Ascension. But the 
 rich effect here owes very much to the polychrome. I suppose that the strong colour of the lady who is said 
 to symbolize the Papacy has brought about a confusion in people’s minds. Certain it is that paint and 
 Popery are by many regarded as synonymous. So that Mr. Butterfield’s decorative project raised some alarm. 
 But more formidable, because more reasonable, were the olijections of those who thought that such rich 
 architectural details would only be spoiled by any kind of addition. The result has, liowever, satisfied both 
 classes of objectors. The Bishop, who is Visitor of the Hospital, not only gave his formal sanction to all the 
 arrangements of the church and service, but expressed himself highly pleased with the polychrome. More- 
 over, the Master on Thursday recorded the confessions of alarmists wlio admitted, some, that the east wall 
 was innocent, others that it was not only innocent but effective. And the latter class of objectors wTre 
 convinced (and admitted their convictions), by the instrumentality of their eyes, that colour, when judiciously 
 apphed, does not obscure, but brings out into greater prominence, elaborate architectural details. It is in 
 this respect like a picture frame. The lower part of the east wall, Mr. Butterfield has filled in with a cross 
 pattern of narrow tiles, permeated by a scroll pattern in black. lu the upper stages the carving is judiciously 
 picked out in colours, red predominating. Between the windows of the lower stage there is a cross in relief. 
 I should say tliat all that has been done in tliis way hitherto, has been at the expense of Mr. Melville Portal, 
 who wisely put his donation into tliis form. Other special gifts have been offered. Thus the lectern, a brass 
 eagle, which cost £100, is a memorial. 
 
 The church was re-opened on Thursday, October 19th, a.d. 1806. The Bishop, w'ho had been the guest 
 of Sir MiUiam Heathcote, came over horn Hursley Park, attended by Archdeacon L'tterton and his Chaplains. 
 He was met at the Master’s house by the clergy, and went with them to the church. He was escorted to an 
 imposing throne, set up for him in the sanctuary. The Bishop preached from Ilaggai ii, 9. lie spoke warmly 
 of the recovery of the church from its state of degradation and dishonour to something of its pristine glory. 
 After the service was over, the old haU was filled with guests at the invitation of the Master. It was a scene 
 of cheerfid hospitality, such as had not been experienced within the walls for many a long year. There was 
 abundance of decoration in the way of banners, bouglis, and flowers, and plenty of good cheer. The lit. Rev. 
 Visitor presided, supported by the Master, who wore the silver cross of the brotherhood, and a number of 
 influential residents in the diocese, the most conspicuous being Lord Eversley, Sir William Heathcote, Mr. 
 Melville Portal, and Mr. Sclater-Booth, M.P. I wish that some of the lady choristers had taken their places 
 in the “ minstrels’ gallery,” this would have helped to bring the entertainment more in harmony with the 
 scene of it. But what was wanting in music was supplied by eloquence. The Master gave “ The Bishop ” 
 in a hearty genial speech. He reminded his lordship that he had never preached at St. Cross before, and 
 prayed for a continuance of the favour. The Bishop’s reply was kindness and geuiality themselves, though 
 he rather rated the county for not doing more for the w'ork. He spoke very approvingly of the skill of 
 Sir. Butterfield, the Architect, who unfortunately was obliged to go away before the luncheon. Lord Eversley, 
 on behalf of the Trustees, w-as sorry that they could do so little for tlie work, but the grip of Chancery was so 
 tight. Mr. MelviUe Portal returned thanks for the special donors, and thought that the Master was much 
 too modest in asking for so small a sum as £2000. He ought to double his request. The Master had no 
 objection to ask for £.3000 more, especially as they had been obliged to put the Bishop into such a shabby 
 pulpit that day, and moreover, as most of his hearers had learned experimentally, the church wanted a 
 wanning apparatus much. 
 
96 
 
 The Hospital of St. Cross. 
 
 None who attended on this interesting occasion could go away ^lithout feeling that a new era had been 
 opened out for St. Cross, under the vigorous administration of Mr. Humbert, and the fostering care of the 
 Visitor. But unless helped from witiiout, the good work cannot he carried out as they wish. I do hope then 
 that when pleasure or duty again takes me to that venerable hospice, I shall be able to teU how perfectly the 
 Churclimen of Hampshire have restored St. Cross to its “pristine glory .” — Correspondent of John Bxdl. 
 
 7^ 7^ 7^ 7^ 7^ 7{\ 7f\ 7{\ tSX 7J\ 77\ 7}% 7X« tXv tXv tJ' 7^ tJX 7)a 7|^ T]^ T)^ Tjv 
 
 THE CHURCH OF THE HOSPITAL OF ST. CROSS. 
 
 partial restoration of this Ijeautiful fabric has already consumed, even under the most watchful 
 economy, a sura approximately estimated at LS-fod. It is much to be regretted that the praiseworthy efforts, 
 the persevering and commendable zeal of tlie Rev. the Master, has not yet met witli more hearty sympathy 
 and aid from every part of the diocese. This is more than a local church, and its claims should extend far 
 and wide. It is one of the proudest monuments existing of a past age ; for one may tread the length and 
 breadth of this land, and yet no church would be found so interesting, beautiM and lo% in its proportions, 
 and so worthy for those for whom it was bxxilt, who are none other than, in the beautiful and almost apostolic 
 words of the Founder’s Charter, “ The Poor of Christ.” The Hospital of St. Cross is the only Institution 
 of its kind still existing, and perpetuates to tliis day the brotherhood system, so esteemed in the pre- 
 Reformation era. Tiiking it altogether, both Chxirch and Hospital present to the eye an unitpxe and 
 unrivalled memorial of the past. It still dispenses the charity of a pious Bishop of Winchester, who rxxled 
 tlie See no fewer than 700 years ago. For the credit of the county of Hants, and for the credit of the county 
 of Surrey, and, indeed, for the sake of the entire Diocese, we liope that a more hearty response may yet be 
 given to the appeal of the Right Rev. Pi'clatc, who has so long and so worthily governed the Diocese, and 
 lias done so much to increase the comforts and position of his clei'gy, and for the advancement of education, 
 so that the sum which yet remains to be collected, and is so urgently needed, for the completion and 
 restoration of this large and beautiful church to its pristine state, with its enrichment and decorations, may 
 be speexiily forthcoming. For this purpose a sum perhaps as large as that u hich has been ah'cady expended 
 is stiU rexpiired. Many window's, great and small, rccpxire glazing, the cost of wliich would vary from £25 to 
 £35 each, and tlie gift of the glass for any of these window’s would be a worthy and acceptable offering. V e 
 have not a doubt that these and other offerings will he made, and that the work so weU begun wiU not he 
 allowed to rest tiU it is satisfactorily completed . — The llampshirc Chronicle. 
 
C|e 5ej)0t flf Plenmrials 
 
 97, ]EfiiGH Street, '^^'inch ester. 
 
 'S..13. mttccciit&t. 
 
 tl]is ®stiiMisI]ntfiit man be obtaraeb ®^ciMnais 0f tk .^iitieirt <iritn 
 for all nurgoses, flrnameutal aiib itsefitl, toljid] kirmtf tlje last tbirtii wars kbe been 
 ksigneb bw <^r. ^abage, anb mabe er^ressln for I]im bo eminent glannfattnrers 
 in ^nglanb, frante, anb Hermann. IMk |irMes are too numerous to nartitulari^e, 
 but an ibea of some at least man be gleaneb from tk abobe ^Ijotograpk 
 
 A DETAILED CATALOGUE POST FREE. 
 
 PHOTOGRAPHS OF EVERY BUILDING AND STREET IN WINCHESTER, SIXPENCE EACH. 
 
 SHORTLY WILL BE PUBLISHED 
 
 f k dBigkl] C^bition of ^abage’s ®uibe to 
 tk gintient Citn of Ikinxkster, tk College, ^t. 
 Cross, anb furslen (tk Jlome of Jieble). fills 
 nolo loelUniolon anb faborlte loorlt is being rebiseb 
 anb enlargeb, anb ioill soon be issueb in a nelo anb 
 improbeb form, enritkb ateorbing to tk prebailing 
 taste, anb embelliskb loitli more tlian f Mrtn Cn- 
 grabings. JHHk portion on tbe f ome of |\eb(e 
 |as been liinbln unbertalien bn tk |Ub. |. I'reloen 
 gloor,* of Jmipfielb ; lobile tliat on tk fiospital 
 of Saint Cross bas been generousin contributeb bn 
 tk |leb. t, gl Jlumbert, glaster of Saint Cross. 
 
 Price in enamelled Wrapper, One Shilling ; 
 
 In Cloth elegant. Two Shillings. 
 
 THE TRUSTY SERVANT, WINCHESTER COLLEGE. 
 
 * ^utbor of .p^cmonsls of JUb. ^obn ^cblc. 
 
Slentroals /rf t^t 
 
 PUBLISHED BY MR. W. SAVAGE. 
 
 The Birthplace, Home, Churches, .and other Places Connected with the Author or “The Christian Ye.ae,” 
 illnsti (lied hi llilrfy-iwo Tliotograplis hy W. Savage ; with 3Ieuiohf‘ and Notes hy the Kev. John EkeVi'en Moor, jun., 
 M. A. of Oriel College, Oxford. Winchester: W. Savage. London: James Parker & Co. 
 
 J^I^he memory and fame of the late Rev. John 
 Keble, the author of “ Tlie Christian Year,” 
 will long remain enshrined in the hearts of all 
 good men, and liis devotional and lieavenly lyrics 
 he read and sung wherever true piety is to he 
 found. The poetry of this distinguislied scliolar 
 and divine is sucli as the Christian world will not 
 willingly' let die, and though their sainted author 
 has passed aw'ay to his rest, and is now tuning 
 Ills harp amidst the lieavenly choir in even purer, 
 liigher, and holier strains tliau e’er lie did on 
 earth, he “ being dead yet speaketh,” and through 
 the noble inheritance left behind liira in “The 
 Christian Year,” and other works, will continue 
 to elevate, instruct, aud bless his countrymen and 
 the world for generations to come. 
 
 The elegant and interesting volume now before 
 us is a rich gallery of Biography, Poetry, and Art, 
 commencing with a well W'ritten and exceedingly 
 interesting Memoir of Mr. Keble, whose birth 
 took place at Pairford, in Gloucestershire, on St. 
 Jlark’s day', a.d. 170i. His father, the Rev. 
 John Keble, vicar of Coin St. iUdwyn’s, instructed 
 him till he was in his fifteenth year, when he was 
 sent to Oxford, where he at once distinguished 
 himself, and obtained a scholarship ; and four 
 years later, at the Easter Term Examination, he 
 gained the rare distinction of a“double first-class.” 
 Other fellowships, prizes, and academical honours 
 rapidly followed, and in .a.d. 181G he was ordained 
 deacon, and ofiiciated as curate (in company with 
 his brother) in tw'O small churches, for which they 
 received betw'cen them the liberal stipend of £05 
 per annum ! hlr. Keble’s poetic genius early 
 manifested itself, and while very young he wrote 
 some pieces of great beauty ; but it was not till 
 he was about tw'enty-seven years of age that he 
 began to compose some of the hymns that after- 
 wards resulted in that momument alike to his 
 genius, his learning, and his piety — “ The Chris- 
 tian Year.” In a.d. 18 J7 he was induced, by the 
 earnest pleadings of his friends, to publish the 
 first edition of that noble book of Christian song, 
 and the result has been that, while living, their 
 distinguished author had the satisfaction of know- 
 ing that no fewer than ninety-two editions of the 
 work was published in England, besides tliose in 
 America, and elsewhere, — a tribute of homage to 
 genius aud piety rarely witnessed in the world of 
 literature. Besides “ The Christian Year,” Mr. 
 Keble was the author of many otlier Works, both 
 in Poetry and Prose, amongst tlie former of which 
 may be mentioned au edition of the Psalms in 
 
 MEMORIAL WINDOW 
 IN 
 
 AMPFIELD CHURCH. 
 
 verse. In August, a.d. 1836, he was instituted 
 to the Vicarage of Hursley, with the RectorsHp 
 of Otterbourne, which had long been a curacy 
 dependent on Hursley, though contributing the 
 largest amount to the stipend of the Vicar of the 
 hitter place. In this calm retreat from the busy 
 haunts of men, aud employing his time in tending 
 his spiritual flock like a “ good shepherd,” and 
 in cultivating his refined and pious tastes as a 
 scholar and a Christian poet, the Author of “ The 
 Christian Year ” spent a long and peaceful hfe- 
 time, till a few months before his death, which 
 took place at Bournemouth, on the 29th March, 
 -A.D. 1800. Ilis remains were interred in Hursley 
 Churchyard on Gth April, and the “ clods of 
 the valley ” closed over aU that was mortal of this 
 sainted son of sacred song. 
 
 Scattered tlrroughout this superb volume, we 
 have many extracts from Mr. Keble’s poetical pro- 
 ductions, “ like orient pearls at random strung,” 
 and which describe and illustrate many of the 
 scenes and places connected Avith the worthy 
 pastor’s life and labours. Along with these literary 
 gems, we have some artistic ones of rare beauty, 
 one of the finest of which — a wood engraving — is 
 the ruins of the “ Chancel of the old church at 
 Otterbourne.” But the book is essentially and 
 profusely illustrated by photographs, wliich — 
 thirty-two in number— thickly intersect the literary 
 portion of the work, and reproduce with great 
 fidelity almost every place which, in any way, in 
 early or later life, had any connection with the 
 Author of “ The Christian Year.” We have, first, 
 a portrait of the distinguished Bard, then Fair- 
 ford, the Poet’s birthplace, Fairford Church ; 
 Corpus Christi College and Oriel College, O.xford ; 
 and many other Churches, amongst which may 
 be mentioned Hursley Church, Church-yard, and 
 Vicarage ; Otterbourne Church and Otterbourne 
 Parsonage ; Ampfield Church and Ampfield Par- 
 sonage ; and the Graves of Mr. and Mrs. Keble, 
 where — 
 
 “ Amid the swelling mounds that told, 
 tVliere dust to kindred dust was laid. 
 
 Two grassy hillocks side by side. 
 
 With kindling interest are surveyed.” 
 
 These “ Memorials of the Rev. Jolin Keble ” are 
 beautifidly printed in toned paper, with O.xford 
 border to every page, and apart from their intrin- 
 sic merits as a loving record to the memory of a 
 good and great man, are worthy of a place in any 
 drawing room, from the handsome manner in 
 which the work has been got up. — The Shields 
 Times. 
 
 Price— In Cloth, elegant, £2 : 2 : 0; in Morocco, very rich, same style as the Queen’s copy, £4 : 4 : 0. 
 
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