S%i v: Iff 6 
 
 K. WATERHOUSE. 
 
THE 
 
 PEINCELY GHANDOS. 
 
Frontwpiece, 
 
THE 
 
 PRINCELY CHANDOS 
 
 a flDemoir 
 
 OF 
 
 JAMES BRYDGES 
 
 PAYMASTER-GENERAL TO THE FORCES ABROAD DURING THE 
 MOST BRILLIANT PART OF THE DUKE OF MARLBOROUGH'S 
 MILITARY CAREER, 1705—1711 
 
 AFTERWARDS 
 
 THE FIRST DUKE OF CHANDOS 
 
 BY 
 
 JOHN ROBBKT ROBINSON 
 
 "At Timon's villa let us pass a day." 
 
 Alexander Pope. 
 
 ILLUSTRATED 
 
 LONDON 
 
 SAMPSON LOW, MAESTON & COMPANY 
 
 Limited 
 §t. gunstan's ^oaee 
 Fetter Lane, Fleet Street, E.C. 
 1893 
 [All rights reserved} 
 
I 
 
PEE FACE. 
 
 Among the many remarkable personages of the 
 time of Queen Anne and the early Georgian 
 period, James Brydges, the first Duke of Chandos, 
 is conspicuous. 
 
 His almost regal style of living, and his 
 magnanimous conduct, induced the people of 
 those times to add to the ducal style the prefix 
 "Grand," and subsequently "Princely"; hence 
 the title of this volume. Questions respecting 
 the Duke of Chandos and his palace of Canons 
 frequently occur in literary and other periodicals, 
 no doubt because there has hitherto been no 
 authentic record of his career. 
 
 While the Duke of Chandos, then Mr. 
 Brydges, still held the post of Paymaster to 
 
vi 
 
 Preface. 
 
 the Forces abroad, an inquiry into the accounts of 
 that and other Government offices was instituted 
 by Parliament. The Duke was fortunate enough 
 to escape direct censure at the hands of the 
 Commons ;' but it is certain that the foundation 
 of his fortune was laid, during his tenure of 
 that office. 
 
 Upon vacating the office of Paymaster, and 
 inheriting the family title and estates, Lord 
 Chandos found leisure to erect the magnificent 
 palace and lay out the grounds of Canons — 
 destined hardly to outlast the life of their owner. 
 
 Much curiosity still exists respecting the 
 edifice and its surroundings, no picture, print, or 
 drawing representing Canons as a whole being 
 known. Nor has any description hitherto 
 appeared in print that will help to reproduce 
 the once famous building and grounds. The 
 author trusts he has accomplished this task in 
 the following pages. 
 
 Attention is directed to the fact, that in the 
 numerous works which treat of the military 
 
Preface. 
 
 Vll 
 
 career of the Duke of Marlborough no allusion 
 is made to the friendship that appears (by their 
 correspondence) to have existed between the 
 Duke and Mr. Brydges, then his Paymaster. 
 
 Upon the wane of the Duke of Chandos' 
 fortunes there were not wanting some who took 
 the opportunity of misrepresenting his purposes 
 and professions, and this the public resented in 
 one notorious instance — that of Pope. The 
 Duke's generous and magnanimous disposition 
 stood him in good stead when deserted by the 
 fickle goddess, Fortune. It is to be regretted, 
 however, that at this period an erroneous rumour 
 concerning the birth and social position of the 
 Duke's third wife gained credence which has been 
 handed down to the present day. The author has 
 finally disposed of an injurious popular error. 
 
 He has endeavoured to place before the public 
 a work not only historically accurate and of use for 
 reference, but generally entertaining, on a subject 
 hitherto treated in short articles in biographical 
 works, and these in many instances untrustworthy. 
 
viii 
 
 Preface. 
 
 The author begs to acknowledge the courteous 
 replies which he has received to the communi- 
 cations addressed to many persons in the course 
 of his investigations. Also for the assistance 
 received in the course of his work from Mr. 
 H. H. Eobinson, whom he has also to thank for 
 aid in selecting the illustrations. 
 
 London, Feb., 1893. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 Genealogy of the Brydges family — Birth of James Brydges 
 — Early youth — Enters New College, Oxford, as a 
 Fellow Commoner — Returned as Member of Parlia- 
 ment for Hereford, 1698 — Deputed by the Commons 
 in 1701 to carry up to the Lords impeachment against 
 Lord Halifax — Moves motion in the House of 
 Commons purporting to attack Lord Somers — 
 Appointed one of the Commissioners to inquire into 
 the state of the Public Accounts, 1703 — An example 
 of Mr. Brydges' assiduity — Appointed Paymaster- 
 General of the Forces abroad — Congratulatory letter 
 from the Duke of Marlborough to Mr. Brydges— Mr. 
 Brydges appoints his deputy — The Rev. Henry 
 Brydges brings the "Darley " Arabian to England — 
 The Turkey Company ...... 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 Mr. Brydges' voice seldom heard in the Commons after 
 receiving his appointment — He goes to Flanders — 
 Letter sent to some one in Treasury by Mr. Brydges 
 with a douceur — Complaint against Mr. Brydges for 
 not sending in accounts — Appointed to the Council of 
 Prince George at the Admiralty — Characters of Lord 
 Chandos and his son from MS. — Dean Swift's allusion 
 to them — Mr. Brydges remits to the army in Spain — 
 Requests immediate receipts and vouchers for Lord 
 Treasurer — Mr. Brydges again returned for Hereford 
 
X 
 
 Contents. 
 
 — Keceives letter of congratulation from Duke of 
 Marlborough — Mr. Brydges made a F.R.S. — Letter 
 from the Duke of Marlborough thanking Mr. Brydges 
 for his professions — Mr. Brydges votes for a repeal 
 of the Act of Limitations — Report of Mr. Auditor 
 Harley upon some of Mr. Brydges' accounts — Privy 
 Seal ordered to issue thereon — Letter from the Duke 
 of Marlborough thanking Mr. Brydges for his con- 
 gratulations, etc. — Another from his Grace intimating 
 he was glad his duchess had prevented Mr. Brydges 
 from applying for another office — Lord Treasurer 
 Godolphin dismissed — Apparent anxiety of Mr. 
 Brydges thereon — Despatches particulars to the Duke 
 of Marlborough — His Grace's reply, and further re- 
 quests for remittances for the Foreign troops . .10 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 Committee appointed by the Commons to inquire into the 
 state of the public accounts — Report and discussion 
 thereon — Allusion to, and statement showing the 
 condition of Mr. Brydges' accounts — Mr. Brydges' 
 residence in Albemarle Street damaged by fire — 
 Continuation cf correspondence with the Duke of 
 Marlborough — His Grace continues to express regard 
 for Mr. Brydges — Letter from Mr. St. John, Secretary 
 for War, to Mr. Brydges — Reference to the Nicholas 
 MSS., etc. — Letter from the Duke of Marlborough 
 desiring to be supplied with any information that 
 might interest him — Mr. Harley brings forward his 
 South Sea scheme — Further report on Mr. Brydges' 
 accounts — Letter from the Duke of Marlborough 
 requesting Mr. Brydges' assistance in auditing pay- 
 ments made by Exchequer on account of Blenheim . 19 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 Report of the committee concerning the Duke of Marl- 
 borough and the Army accounts — Mr. Brydges' 
 affidavit thereon — The Duke's reply to the Commis- 
 sioners — Dismissal of his Grace from all appointments 
 — Apparent coolness between the Duke and Mr. 
 Brydges — Mr. Brydges forms resolutions for the 
 
Contents. 
 
 xi 
 
 erection of a noble mansion — Sites proposed — The one 
 eventually selected — Extracts from Treasury Papers 
 relating to Mr. Brydges and Mr. Sweet — Mr. Brydges 
 purchases the assignment of a pension — Important 
 letter from Henry St. John to Mr. Brydges . .29 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 Report of Commissioners concerning the public accounts — 
 Mr. Brydges' character at this period — Smollett's 
 estimate of the sum deficient in Mr. Brydges' accounts 
 shown to be erroneous ...... 38 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 Mr. Brydges still in office — Letter from Mr. Brydges to the 
 Treasurer — Mr. Brydges' second marriage — Reason 
 why the office of Paymaster-General was so lucrative 
 at this period — Mr. Brydges presents a statement of 
 accounts to the House of Commons — Resigns office — 
 Purchases lease of Enfield Chase — Presents living of 
 Stanmore Parva, or "Whitchurch, to Rev. T. Desagu- 
 liers — Determines to rebuild the church for him — 
 Mention made of Mr. Brydges becoming a Treasury 
 Commissioner — Death of Lord Chandos — Succeeded 
 by his son James Brydges — Created Viscount Wilton 
 and Earl of Carnarvon by George I. — The Earl's 
 political convictions — Petitions by persons relating to 
 matters connected with the Earl's late office — Interests 
 himself in the election of Members of Parliament for 
 Hereford 50 
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 
 Situation of Canons — Some account of the building — De- 
 scription of the grounds and chapel — Reports and 
 petitions relating to the Earl's late office . . .61 
 
 CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 Further reports on the Earl's late accounts as Paymaster 
 — Applications for Privy Seals — Petition of Robert 
 
xii 
 
 Contents. 
 
 King re Peters — Copy of a Privy Seal for allowing 
 certain accounts of the Earl whilst Paymaster — 
 Gildon's poem, termed "Canons, or the Vision," 
 dedicated to the Earl— The Earl still in favour at 
 Court — Elected Governor of the Turkey Company — 
 Some particulars of the Company . . . .72 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 
 The Earl retains a staff of musicians at Canons — Dr. 
 Pepusch first chapel-master there — Succeeded by 
 Handel — Handel's compositions for the Earl — The 
 Earl's private chapel, and Parish Church of Stanmore " 
 Parva — Anecdotes of Handel — Alleged harsh measures 
 by the Turkey Company — The Earl purchases ground 
 in Albemarle Street — Further honours showered on 
 the Earl — Created Marquis of Carnarvon and Duke 
 of Chandos 82 
 
 CHAPTER X. 
 
 The Earl of Carnarvon takes his seat in the House as Duke 
 of Chandos — Purchases the lease of the Duke of 
 Ormonde's house in St. James's Square — Death of his 
 Grace's mother — The Duke builds a yacht — Contem- 
 plates additions to Canons — Erects and presents a 
 house at Stanmore to Colonel Dobbins — The Duke's 
 relatives — Brydges and Chandos Streets, W.C. . 91 
 
 CHAPTER XL 
 
 The Duke of Chandos and the New Mississippi Scheme — 
 A short account of the undertaking — Anecdotes con- 
 cerning Law and others — Matters relating to the 
 Turkey Company — The Duke of Chandos attacked by 
 highwaymen whilst coming to town from Canons . 97 
 
 CHAPTER XII. 
 
 The Duke increases his possessions — Gains 30,0O0Z. by 
 South Sea Stock — Presents his late town residence 
 in Albemarle Street to Sir Matthew Decker — Sells 
 
Contents. 
 
 xii 
 
 Queen Square, Westminster, to Sir Theodore Jansen 
 — Further details relating to his Grace's late office of 
 Paymaster — He sustains a heavy loss by fall of South 
 Sea Stock during the panic of 1720 — Purchase of the 
 north side of Cavendish Square by the Duke — The 
 British public and the bubbles of 1720 — His Grace of 
 Chandos chairman of the York Buildings Company — 
 Some account of that Company . . . .110 
 
 CHAPTER XIII. 
 
 The Hon. and Rev. Henry Brydges, D.D.— The Duke of 
 Chandos' fortune after the losses in the ' Bubble ' 
 year — His costly establishment at Canons — 'Dr.' 
 Thirlby his Librarian — The parishioners of "Whit- 
 church and the Duke — He proposes to acquire a road 
 from Canons to Cavendish Square — Description of 
 the intended new town mansion — His Grace petitions 
 the House of Lords on a question of privilege — Com- 
 mittal of the offenders — Their ultimate release upon 
 payment of costs — He votes against an inquiry into 
 the affairs of the South Sea Company — The Duke 
 connects himself with the Royal African Company . 121 
 
 CHAPTER XIV. 
 
 The Duke of Chandos elected a Governor of the Charter- 
 house — The Marquis of Carnarvon receives the degree 
 of LL.D. — His Grace made reversionary Clerk of the 
 Hanaper — Account of that office — The Duke and the 
 poet Gay — Purchase of the Advowson of Rotherhithe 
 by the Duke — Departure of the Marquis of Carnar- 
 von for "The Grand Tour " — The Duke made Lord- 
 Lieutenant of Hereford and Radnor — Account of 
 Sudeley Castle — His Grace's servant waylaid on the 
 road from Canons — The Duke made a Privy Coun- 
 cillor — Honoured by the Prince of Wales with the 
 High Stewardship of Cantref Moelynaidd, Radnor — 
 Account of this manor — His Grace rewards a clergy- 
 man for honesty — The Royal African Company again 
 — Mr. Speaker Onslow's character of the Duke . 131 
 
xiv 
 
 Contents. 
 
 CHAPTER XV. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 The Duke of Chandos' gift to his labourers — Daniel Defoe's 
 reference to Canons — Marriage of the Marquis of 
 Carnarvon — Mr. Munroe, the Duke's organist — His 
 Grace brings another question of privilege before the 
 Lords — George Vertue, the engraver's, allusions to 
 the pictures, etc., at Canons — The unfavourable agri- 
 cultural season of 1725 — His Grace relieves many 
 distressed husbandmen — Copy of a MS. letter to 
 Lord Dysart by the Duke of Chandos . . .144 
 
 CHAPTER XVI. 
 
 John, Marquis of Carnarvon, enters the House of Commons 
 — His death — The Duke of Chandos' bowling green 
 at Stanmore— Petitions for a warrant (Privy Seal) on 
 final accounts relating to the Army — Lord Henry 
 Brydges assumes the courtesy title of Marquis of Car- 
 narvon — The Duke of Chandos erects a residence 
 and other buildings at Bath — S. Humphreys' poem, 
 entitled " Canons/' dedicated to his Grace — The 
 Duke's tenants in Middle Scotland Yard petition the 
 Treasury — His Grace's projected residence in Caven- 
 dish Square — Marriage of Henry, Marquis of Carnar- 
 von — A servant of the Duke's waylaid — Sale of the 
 Advowson of Rotherhithe — The Duke and Barnet 
 Races — Another of his servants waylaid and robbed 
 — The poet Young inscribes his poem, " Imperium 
 Pelagi," to the Duke — Alexander Pope describes 
 Canons in his poem called " Moral Essays " — Public 
 feeling upon the attack 155 
 
 CHAPTER XVII. 
 
 Pope denies that the Duke of Chandos was meant for the 
 ' Timon ' of his poem — Letters upon the subject in 
 the Daily Courant — Pope personally addresses the 
 Duke on the matter — His Grace's reply — Lady Betty 
 Germain alludes to this controversy in a letter to 
 Dean Swift — Bill passed for vesting certain lands 
 appertaining to the Dukedom of Chandos — Hogarth 
 caricatures Pope — The Duke of Chandos lends his 
 house at Bath to the Prince of Orange . . .167 
 
Contents. 
 
 XV 
 
 CHAPTER XVIII. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Dean Swift and the Duke of Chandos — The Dean's verses 
 on his Grace — Lady Betty Germain and the Dean — 
 Mrs. Pendarves and the Dean — The Duke of Chandos' 
 letters in the Egerton MSS. collection — Death of his 
 Grace's chaplain and of the second Duchess of 
 Chandos . . . . . . . .178 
 
 CHAPTER XIX. 
 
 His Grace assists the Colonists for the new State of 
 Georgia — Monument to the Prince of Orange at Bath 
 — The Duke of Chandos mentioned as likely to receive 
 the vacant Garter — Letter from his Grace to the Duke 
 of Newcastle — Marriage of the Duke of Chandos to 
 Lady Davall — The controversy concerning this lady 
 fully discussed, and her identity substantiated — His 
 Grace of Chandos made captain -of the Yeoman of 
 the Guard — The strained relations between King 
 George II. and the Prince of Wales — His Majesty's 
 opinion of Henry, Marquis of Carnarvon — Letter of 
 condolence from the Duke of Chandos to Sir Robert 
 Walpole — The Duke and Duchess of Chandos pre- 
 sent at the private interment of Queen Caroline, Con- 
 sort of George II 189 
 
 CHAPTER XX. 
 
 Death of the Marchioness of Carnarvon — The Duke of 
 Chandos elected a Governor of the Foundling Hospital 
 — His Grace's correspondence with the Duke of New- 
 castle at this period — Death of the Duke of Chandos, 
 August 9th, 1744 — Memorial lines — Inscription on 
 his monument — His son Henry, Marquis of Carnarvon, 
 takes his seat as 2nd Duke — Petitions for leave to 
 bring in a " Bill " to sell part of the estate — Leave 
 granted — Nature of the Bill, etc. — Library at Canons 
 sold, circa 1745 — Sale of pictures in London, re- 
 moved from Canons — Catalogue of same — Remarks . 202 
 
xvi Contents. 
 
 CHAPTEE XXI. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 George Yertue's notes on some of the pictures sold from 
 Canons — Sale of the mansion in lots, and other effects 
 — Ultimate destination of some of the most note- 
 worthy parts of the chapel and edifice — Sale of the 
 Advowson of St. Lawrence, Whitchurch, and of the 
 Manor of Totteridge — The Duke as Groom of the 
 Stole to H.R.H. the Prince of Wales, receives com- 
 mands from H.R.H. respecting the wearing of French 
 stuffs hy his Court — The statue of King George I. 
 from Canons re-erected and uncovered, November 19th, 
 1748 — The second Duke of Chandos known to have 
 resembled his father in one particular at least — Finis 221 
 
 Appendices 233 
 
 Index 241 
 
 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 
 
 The First Duke of Chandos, Earl of Carnarvon, etc., etc. 
 
 Frontispiece 
 
 Elevation of the South Front, Canons . . To face p. 64 
 Leicester Square, showing Statue of George I. . ,, 68 
 York Buildings Water Works . . . „ 116 
 Wm. Hogarth's Plate, 'Taste' „ 175 
 
 Duke of Chandos' Town House in Cavendish 
 
 Square 213 
 Present House at Canons 324 
 Railing in New College, Oxford . . . 228 
 
THE PEINCELT CHANDOS. 
 
 4- 
 
 CHAPTEE I. 
 
 Genealogy of the Brydges family — Birth of James Brydges — 
 Early youth — Enters New College, Oxford, as a Fellow- 
 Commoner — Keturned as Member of Parliament for 
 Hereford, 1698 — Deputed by the Commons in 1701 to 
 carry up to the Lords impeachment against Lord Halifax 
 — Moves motion in the House of Commons purporting 
 to attack Lord Somers — Appointed one of the Commis- 
 sioners to inquire into the state of the Public Accounts, 
 1703 — An example of Mr. Brydges' assiduity — Ap- 
 pointed Paymaster- General of the Porces abroad — Con- 
 gratulatory letter from the Duke of Marlborough to Mr. 
 Brydges — Mr. Brydges appoints his deputy — The Rev. 
 Henry Brydges brings the <f Darley " Arabian to England 
 — The Turkey Company. 
 
 The family of Brydges, Bridges, Brigge, Bruges, 
 Burgh or Brugge, claims descent from Arnulp, 
 fifth and youngest son of Roger de Montgomery, 
 first Earl of Arundel and Shrewsbury, who led 
 the centre of Duke William's army at the battle 
 of Hastings. Arnulp — following the custom of 
 Cadets in those times — styled himself de Brugge, 
 after his father's castle in Shropshire. Such, in 
 
 B 
 
2 
 
 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 brief, is the alleged Norman descent of the house, 
 whose real founder was one Sir Simon de 
 Brugge, — who flourished in the reigns of Henry 
 III. and Edward I., — and became lord of Bruge- 
 Solers in Herefordshire, by his marriage with the 
 heiress of the family of Solers. His grandson, 
 Sir Thomas de Brugge, married Alice, daughter 
 and co-heir of Sir Thomas Berkeley and Elizabeth 
 his wife, daughter of Thomas, Lord Chandos. By 
 this marriage some portion of the Chandos posses- 
 sions was brought into the Brydges family. An 
 ancestor in the fourth generation was the first of 
 this family to be ennobled, being created, by 
 Queen Mary in 1554, Baron Chandos of Sudeley, 
 which manor and castle were granted him at the 
 same time. This title in its eighth descent was 
 inherited by James Brydges, cousin of the seventh 
 lord, and father of James Brydges, afterwards the 
 first Duke of Chandos. 
 
 James Brydges was born on the 6th day of 
 January, 1673, and was baptized on the 12th of 
 the same month at Dewsall, Herefordshire. After 
 passing through the periods of childhood and ado- 
 lescence without developing marked characteristics 
 he was sent for the completion of his education 
 as a Fellow Commoner to New College Hall, 
 Oxford. Here he finished his studies, and 
 
Enters the House of Commons. 3 
 
 displayed those powers of reflection and observa- 
 tion that ultimately made him famous. Before 
 embarking on a public career he married Mary, 
 daughter and afterwards heiress of Sir Thomas 
 Lake of Canons near Edgware, Middlesex. In 
 1698 he entered the House of Commons as one 
 of the members for Hereford. His family were 
 no strangers to that Assembly ; some of its mem- 
 bers having sat for Cricklade, and the County of 
 Gloucester, in previous reigns. In Edward II.'s 
 time a Sir John de Brugge is recorded as one 
 of the Knights of the Shire for the county of 
 Hereford in the parliament held at York. 
 
 After a probation of three years, the heir to the 
 Barony of Chandos — having obtained a footing 
 in the political arena — acquired by assiduousness, 
 coupled with a desire for office, some marks of 
 favour at the hands of the House. On the 14th 
 of June, 1701, he was deputed to carry up to the 
 Lords the six articles of impeachment against 
 Charles, Lord Halifax. The articles are so extra- 
 ordinary that a brief resume of them will not be 
 out of place. 
 
 Article I. That he presumed to advise, pass 
 or direct a grant to Thomas Hailton, Esq., of 
 forfeited estates and debts in Ireland, to the 
 value of 13,000Z. 
 
 b 2 
 
4 
 
 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 Answer. His Lordship admitted he accepted 
 the grant, as it was lawful for him to do, though 
 it had been taken from him by Act of Parliament, 
 thereby not making more than 400 I. of it. 
 
 Article II. That he had not paid into the 
 Exchequer of Ireland, as the Act of Forfeiture 
 required, 1000Z. that he had actually received out 
 of the forementioned grants. 
 
 Answer. That monies received, being out of 
 the mean profits (remitted by the Act), were not 
 in the first mentioned clause of the same. 
 
 Article III. That he did obtain and accept 
 several beneficial grants for himself, which was a 
 monstrous abuse of his Majesty's goodness. 
 
 Answer. He admitted the acceptance of such 
 grants, as marks of his Majesty's Royal favour. 
 
 Article IV. That he procured a grant to 
 Henry Segar in trust for himself of 14,000L 
 worth of scrubbed beech, birch, etc., under colour 
 of which, sapling oaks, and many trees of well- 
 grown timber, had been cut and sold for his 
 benefit. 
 
 Answer. He admitted a grant of 2000?. per 
 annum for seven years, to be raised by the fall of 
 scrubbed beech, etc., and if any abuse had been 
 done in cutting the wood, he was not answerable 
 for the same, such being done by the direction of 
 his Majesty's Surveyor-General and other officers. 
 
Moves Resolution against Lord Somers. 5 
 
 Article V. Appertains to the auditor's office. 
 
 Answer. He admitted having been one of the 
 auditors of the Exchequer. 
 
 Article VI. Relates to the Partition Treaty. 
 
 Ansiver. He denied having advised his 
 Majesty to make the treaty, nor was he even 
 consulted on any of its clauses, though the 
 subject was discussed at Tunbridge Wells, when 
 he made several objections to the same. 
 
 An historian 1 of those times expresses surprise 
 that such articles should be passed by an English 
 House of Commons, and be carried up to the 
 Peers. Their Lordships dismissed these impeach- 
 ments against Lord Halifax on the 24th of June 
 following (and a few days after the acquittal of 
 John, Lord Somers, from the charges alleged 
 in the articles exhibited against him). 
 
 Mr. Brydges, as a Whig, again played the part 
 of champion against " Help yourself grants ; " 
 moving a resolution to the following effect : — 
 
 " That any minister who had been concerned 
 in passing a grant for his own benefit, while the 
 nation was under the heavy taxes of the late war, 
 had vitiated his trust, etc., etc." This motion 
 was most artfully contrived ! Brought forward 
 as an abstract truth (without naming Somers, or 
 any one in particular), the House, by admitting it 
 1 Oldmixon. 
 
6 
 
 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 as a substantive resolution, would be compelled 
 to conclude that Lord Somers had violated his 
 trust by accepting King William's grant of Crown 
 property at Reigate. This conclusion the motion 
 was intended to convey. Sir Richard Gwyn fear- 
 lessly unmasked' the attack, saying, 1 " Why this 
 reserve ? everybody knows your meaning, and sees 
 you have not the courage to name the great man 
 whom you are seeking to destroy." 
 
 Mr. Brydges answered this declamation by 
 crying out, " That's false ! " Thereon a violent 
 altercation ensued, and ultimately the House (in 
 this instance) refused to adopt so un-English 
 a procedure as the censure of a great minister, 
 vetoeing the resolution by a majority of 50 out 
 of 419 members present. 
 
 These two incidents occurred before Mr. 
 Brydges held any Government office. 
 
 One of the most .important commissions Mr. 
 Brydges was appointed on, was that to inquire 
 into the accounts relating to the Earl of Rane- 
 lagh. The result of this examination by Brydges 
 and his fellow-commissioners, Messrs. H. St. 
 John, Bromley, Coke, Scobell, Copley and Byerley, 
 is best shown by the resolution passed by 
 the Commons on December 5th, 1703, to the 
 
 1 Macaulay's History of England. 
 
Assiduity for the National Exchequer. 7 
 
 effect, " That it appears to this House that the 
 Earl of Ranelagh hath misappropriated several 
 sums of the public money." On the 1st of the 
 following February the Earl was expelled the 
 House. 
 
 That Mr. Brydges at this period was particu- 
 larly careful of the National Exchequer, the fol- 
 lowing proves. 1 One Thomas Wolfstenholme 
 petitioned the Lord High Treasurer circa 
 December 14th, 1703, as to certain sureties 
 accepted by him when receiver of duties from 
 the English plantations (he having lately 
 become insolvent), praying to be heard by 
 counsel, and proceedings stayed. Minute en- 
 dorsed on petition, " My Lord will speak with, 
 ye Commissioners next time they come." This 
 was read again on the 20th, when Mr. Attorney- 
 General said, "If he used the best endeavours, 
 and the sureties afterwards became insufficient, 
 the verdict would be for the petitioner." 
 
 But Mr. Brydges said that the sureties were 
 insufficient at the time, and the commissioners say 
 he took " insufficient securities." 
 
 To one presumably so anxious for the National 
 welfare as Mr. Brydges, it was apparent that 
 such openly expressed opinions against all forms 
 1 Redington's Calendar of Treasury Papers. 
 
8 
 
 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 of fraud must soon be rewarded with a lucrative 
 post. Therefore, so soon as the various govern- 
 mental changes under the new Sovereign, Anne, 
 were effected, Mr. Brydges was appointed, early 
 in 1705, an Auditor of the Imprest, and shortly 
 after was made Paymaster-General to the Forces 
 abroad. This latter appointment is frequently 
 mentioned as being bestowed in 1707. But a 
 congratulatory letter 1 from the Duke of Marl- 
 borough — who should know if anyone did who 
 was paymaster of his troops — proves the earlier 
 date to be correct. 
 
 The petition of Mr. Henry Cartwright, 2 dated 
 July 31st, 1705, testifies that Mr. Brydges was 
 then in full authority as paymaster. The peti- 
 tioner prays the Lord High Treasurer to allow 
 him to accept the office of Deputy Paymaster- 
 General, offered hiin by Mr. Brydges. This he 
 could not do without his Lordship's permission, 
 being secretary to the controller of the accounts 
 for the army. If he might accept Mr. Brydges' 
 appointment, he could nominate a person to suc- 
 ceed him in the secretaryship, who would resign, 
 should he require the office again. This petition 
 is minuted (same date), " My Lord has nothing 
 to object against Mr. Brydges employing Mr. 
 1 Vide App. A. 2 Kedington's Calendar of Treasury Papers. 
 
The " Darley Arabian. 
 
 9 
 
 Cartwright, but he cannot properly execute 
 both employments ; therefore some other person 
 must be appointed secretary to the comptrollers." 
 
 During this year, 1705, Mr. Brydges' brother, 
 the Rev. Henry Brydges, being at Aleppo, was 
 asked to take charge, on his voyage to England 
 in the Turkey Company's ship Ipsivich (com- 
 manded by Captain Watkins), of an Arabian 
 horse, sent by Thomas Darley of that place, as 
 a present to his brother, John Renter Darley of 
 Aldby Park near York. This animal became 
 known later as the celebrated Darley Arabian, 
 whose blood still runs in some of our equine 
 favourites. 
 
 Lord Chandos, father of the gentlemen above 
 mentioned, was, in 1680, sent as 1 Ambassador 
 to the Porte by the Levant — commonly known 
 as the Turkey — Company : a large and wealthy 
 Corporation, whose affairs he was interested 
 in, having married a daughter of Sir Henry 
 Barnard, an affluent Turkey merchant. This 
 accounts no doubt for the Rev. Henry Brydges' 
 presence on one of that Company's vessels, as 
 well as for Mr. Thomas Darley's trust and 
 obligation to him, as a son of one of its 
 principal officers. 
 
 1 This power the Company possessed by their Charter. 
 
CHAPTER II. 
 
 Mr. Brydges' voice seldom heard in the Commons after 
 receiving his appointment — He goes to Flanders — Letter 
 sent to some one in Treasury by Mr. Brydges with a 
 douceur — Complaint against Mr. Brydges for not sending 
 in accounts — Appointed to the Council of Prince George 
 at the Admiralty— Characters of Lord Chandos and his 
 son from MS. — Dean Swift's allusion to them — Mr. 
 Brydges remits to the army in Spain — Requests immediate 
 receipts and vouchers for Lord Treasurer — Mr. Brydges 
 again returned for Hereford — Receives letter of con- 
 gratulation from Duke of Marlborough — Mr. Brydges 
 made a F.R.S. — Letter from the Duke of Marlborough 
 thanking Mr. Brydges for his professions — Mr. Brydges 
 votes for a repeal of the Act of Limitations — Report of 
 Mr. Auditor Harley upon some of Mr. Brydges' accounts 
 — Privy Seal ordered to issue thereon — Letter from the 
 Duke of Marlborough thanking Mr. Brydges for his con- 
 gratulations, &c. — Another from his Grace intimating he 
 was glad his duchess had prevented Mr. Brydges from 
 applying for another office — Lord Treasurer Godolphin dis- 
 missed — Apparent anxiety of Mr. Brydges thereon — 
 Despatches particulars to the Duke of Marlborough — His 
 Grace's reply, and further requests for remittances for the 
 Foreign troops. 
 
 Me. Brydges having obtained a lucrative appoint- 
 ment, that occupied much time and attention, his 
 voice was now but little heard in the Commons. 
 
Mr. Brydges at Flanders. ii 
 
 Nor does much matter of interest occur during the 
 first few years in which he held the office of 
 Paymaster- General, with the exception of the 
 following incidents which are briefly noticed. 
 During 1706 Mr. Brydges went to Flanders, in 
 connection with some mode or means of making 
 remittances to the Forces. While there he 
 appears to have misconstrued an order of the 
 Lord High Treasurer's, respecting the profits on 
 Exchange. This he acknowledges 1 in a letter 
 dated Brussels, August 2nd, 1706, addressed to 
 his lordship, in which he apologizes for mistaking 
 his commands in reference to the profit on 
 exchange, " And that he should look upon it as 
 the greatest unhappiness that could befall him 
 if any wrong interpretation he should make of his 
 Lordship's orders, should create the least dissatis- 
 faction imaginable to his Lordship, or his adminis- 
 tration. He thought it best to make haste back 
 to the army to prevent any wrong impressions." 
 
 Amongst other documents relating to Mr. 
 Brydges (in the abstract of the Treasury 2 papers), 
 is a letter dated October 7th, 1707, written by 
 Mr. Brydges — but unaddressed — probably to 
 some one in the Treasury. In it he apologizes 
 for not making his acknowledgments sooner 
 
 1 Kedington's Calendar of Treasury Papers. 2 Ibid. 
 
12 
 
 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 —alleging the dispatch of business— and as a 
 small instance of his gratitude, asks the accept- 
 ance of the " Bill " enclosed. This must not be 
 read in the commercial sense of the present day, 
 the bill being a bank bill or note, probably in- 
 tended as a silver key. 
 
 On the 29th of the same month, October, 1707, 
 complaint was made by Mr. Lowndes, that Mr. 
 Brydges had neglected to send him fortnightly 
 certificates of Receipts and Payments made to the 
 forces. This, he points out, the Lord Treasurer 
 had personally directed should be done, and re- 
 quests that they be sent forthwith, as well as an 
 account of the monies for the Forces in Spain. 
 His demand, it is safe to assume, was complied 
 with, as no further request for these documents 
 appears. 
 
 Mr. Brydges received another mark of favour 
 about this time, being called to the Council of 
 Prince George of Denmark, in the affairs of the 
 Admiralty. The appointment is alluded to in 
 one of the Harleian MSS. entitled " Characters of 
 Great Men in the early part of Queen Anne's 
 Reign," thus : — 
 
 " James Brydges, Lord Chandos, was warm 
 against King William's reign, nor does he make 
 any great figure in this ; but his son, Mr. Brydges, 
 
Payment of Troops. 
 
 13 
 
 does, being of the House of Commons, one of the 
 chancellors to the prince, and a very worthy- 
 gentleman." 
 
 Dean Swift, in his characters of the court 
 of Queen Anne, enlarged upon this, calling 
 Chandos " a very worthy gentleman, but a great 
 complier with every court." 
 
 A remittance of 75,490/. was sent, on March 
 2nd, 1707-8, by Mr. Brydges to Mr. Morice, on 
 account of the army in Spain, 1 with directions to 
 send every farthing up to the person addressed, 
 at the first opportunity. This would pay all the 
 troops up to the end of June. All payments for 
 the future must be for effectives only. . . . He 
 further desired an account of all receipts and 
 payments to be sent him, as this had been asked 
 for several times by the Lord High Treasurer 
 as well as by the parliament, who were not a little 
 uneasy that winter, because no accounts had been 
 returned. By this it appears that the pay of 
 the Forces in Spain was in arrears, and that no 
 vouchers had been submitted to the Treasurer, 
 or the Commons. So matters progressed. 
 
 In the second parliament of Anne, 1708, Mr. 
 Brydges met with some opposition in his second 
 candidature for the City of Hereford. He was, 
 1 Redington's Calendar of Treasury Papers. 
 
14 
 
 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 however, ultimately returned, but not at the head 
 of the poll as in 1707, his former fellow-member, 
 Thomas Foley, being first favourite. Neverthe- 
 less, had Mr. Brydges been unsuccessful, the 
 representation of another constituency was kept 
 open for him by friends, who deemed Mr. 
 Brydges too useful a man to be out of parlia- 
 ment. This opinion was likewise held by his, 
 then, friend, the Duke of Marlborough, 1 whose 
 communication to him at that period tends to 
 show that the Duke and Mr. Brydges perfectly 
 understood each other. It is difficult to imagine 
 that Mr. Brydges could have held his appoint- 
 ment so long as he did, when Marlborough was 
 all powerful, had he not perfectly satisfied the 
 " Great Duke." 
 
 That the cares of office, coupled with parlia- 
 mentary duties, did not exhaust all Mr. Brydges' 
 energies, is proved by his becoming a Fellow 
 of the Royal Society at this period. The Royal 
 Society then consisted of a governing body of 20 
 Councillors together with 174 Fellows, of whom 
 50 were foreign members. Mr. Brydges, how- 
 ever, is not recorded as taking such a part in 
 its affairs as would tend to interfere with his other 
 duties. 
 
 1 Vide Appendix B. 
 
Mr. Brydges and the Duke of Marlborough. 15 
 
 The allusion made to the entente cordiale that 
 existed between the Duke of Marlborough and Mr. 
 Brydges is strengthened by a further communica- 
 tion 1 from his Grace. Its tenour shows that 
 Mr. Brydges did not neglect to give the Duke his 
 opinion on anything that transpired affecting him. 
 
 That Mr. Brydges, in a measure, changed 
 the convictions he had held when he entered the 
 House of Commons, is confirmed by his voting 
 for the repeal of a clause in an Act passed the 
 13th and 14th of William III. and Mary II. 
 intituled " An Act for the further limitations of the 
 Crown," " or better securing the rights and 
 liberties of the subject." The clause repealed 
 by the second parliament of Anne was in these 
 words, * That — after the limitations therein men- 
 tioned shall take effect — no person who has any 
 office or place of profit under the king, or 
 receives any pension from the crown, shall be 
 capable of serving as a member of the House of 
 Commons." This in toto was scarcely the essence 
 of Mr. Brydges' contention in the impeachment 
 of Lords Halifax and Somers : though the 
 analogy is, that a person who professed such 
 virtuous sentiments relative to the one case 
 should do so in the other. 
 
 1 Vide Appendix C. 
 
i6 
 
 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 On the 17th of October, 1709, Mr. Auditor 
 Harley reported to Earl Godolphin, Lord High 
 Treasurer, that he had examined the abstract of 
 payments made by Mr. Brydges to the forces 
 employed in the Low Countries during 1706, for 
 which payments warrants were wanting. He 
 likewise had examined the vouchers produced by 
 the accountant for proof of such payments. Also 
 that the abstract was the same as those of 
 previous accounts, relating to the aforesaid forces 
 for which Privy Seals had been granted ; which 
 authority, he thinks, will be requisite for allowing 
 these. 1 Here follow the various sums, amounting 
 to over half a million, with the purposes for 
 which they were disbursed ; these are not now of 
 sufficient public interest to detail. Accordingly, 
 in the July of the following year, the Solicitor- 
 General approved the draft for a Privy Seal to 
 pass the accounts. But during the inquiry 
 into the state of the public accounts a year or so 
 later, Mr. Auditor Harley's report appears to 
 have been again gone into, as the following 
 endorsement shows : — " The above is a true copy 
 in the Honourable Mr. Auditor Harley's office of 
 the several payments, therein stated and proposed 
 to be allowed, and do appear to have been duly 
 1 Newcastle MSS. 
 
Lord Treasurer Godolphin. 17 
 
 paid and applied by the accomptant, to the 
 services of the war, as by his accompts appear. 
 
 " Examined by 
 
 " Jas. Moody, Deputy Auditor" 
 
 " 28th August, 1712." 
 
 This is the first mention of a Privy Seal, as 
 relating to Mr. Brydges' accounts, though not by 
 any means the last. 
 
 During the year 1710 more correspondence 1 
 took place between his Grace of Marlborough 
 and Mr. Brydges, which further showed the 
 good feeling that existed between them. 
 
 Mr. Brydges, in reply to one of the Duke's 
 letters, announced his intention of applying for 
 an office held by Mr. Howe. But though the 
 Duchess seems to have considered Mr. Brydges 
 the man best suited for the position and recom- 
 mended by her husband's friendship, she frus- 
 trated his application. 2 
 
 Lord Treasurer Godolphin was dismissed 
 from office soon after, an event which caused 
 Mr. Brydges some anxiety. He quickly ac- 
 quainted his Grace of Marlborough with the 
 fullest details of Godolphin's dismissal. 
 
 1 Vide Appendix D. 
 
 2 John Howe, Paymaster of the Forces at Home. 
 
 C 
 
i8 
 
 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 His Grace replied, expressing great concern 
 at the news, on both public and private grounds ; 
 and approving Mr. Brydges' resolve not to 
 resign his appointment on account of Lord 
 Godolphin's dismissal. This correspondence 
 further confirms the good relations that existed 
 between the Commander-in-Chief and the Pay- 
 master-General of the Forces abroad. 
 
CHAPTEK III. 
 
 Committee appointed by the Commons to inquire into the state 
 of the public accounts — Report and discussion thereon 
 — Allusion to, and statement showing the condition of 
 Mr. Brydges' accounts — Mr. Brydges' residence in Albe- 
 marle Street damaged by fire — Continuation of corre- 
 spondence with the Duke of Marlborough — His Grace 
 continues to express regard for Mr. Brydges — Letter from 
 Mr. St. John, Secretary for War, to Mr. Brydges — 
 Reference to the Nicholas MSS., etc. — Letter from the 
 Duke of Marlborough desiring to be supplied with any 
 information that might interest him — Mr. Harley brings 
 forward his South Sea scheme — Further report on Mr. 
 Brydges' accounts — Letter from the Duke of Marlborough 
 requesting Mr. Brydges' assistance in auditing payments 
 made by Exchequer on account of Blenheim. 
 
 A committee was shortly afterwards deputed 
 by the House of Commons to inquire how far 
 the several accountants had passed their re- 
 spective accounts. Mr. Auditor Harley, on the 
 4th of April, 1711, handed the investigation to 
 the House in the form of a report, which the 
 committee directed him to make, whereupon it 
 was ordered, " That it should be considered the 
 following Tuesday ; " when it was deferred first 
 to the 17th, and afterwards to the 20th of the 
 
 c 2 
 
20 
 
 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 same month. The House then passed the 
 following resolution : " That of the monies 
 voted by parliament, and issued for the 
 public service to Christmas, 1710, they were 
 35,302,107?. 18s. 9d. } for a great part whereof 
 no accounts had been laid before the auditors, 
 and the rest not prosecuted by the accountants 
 and finished." The further consideration of the 
 report was put off till the 28th, when it was 
 further resolved, "That the not compelling the 
 several accountants to duly pass their respective 
 accounts, had been a notorious breach of trust in 
 those that of late years had had the management 
 of the Treasury, and an high injustice to the 
 nation." A motion was thereupon framed and 
 put, " That the further consideration of the 
 report be adjourned." This was negatived, 
 whereupon it was further resolved, " That the 
 several accountants ought no longer to be 
 entrusted with the public money." 
 
 Having given as succinctly as possible the 
 opinion of the Commons upon the state of the 
 public accounts, the question arises how far this 
 relates to Mr. Brydges. The thirty-five millions 
 odd mentioned, consisted of some accounts as 
 far back as the time of Charles II. ; 1 which 
 1 Tindal. 
 
Mr. Brydges' Balance Sheet. 21 
 
 were thrown in to make up the amount. The 
 largest item in the list, however, was the accounts 
 of Mr. Brydges, amounting to some millions, 
 of which scarcely one million had been passed, 
 though accounts of some eleven millions had 
 been presented but not passed in due form, 
 owing to the great care and exactness exercised 
 by the Duke of Newcastle, 1 whose duty it was to 
 pass accounts. This he was slow to do, allowing 
 nothing without hearing counsel on every item. 
 The real figures appertaining to Mr. Brydges' 
 office were as follows : — 
 
 " The Hon. James Brydges. 
 
 
 
 s. 
 
 d. 
 
 His Charge is 
 
 £15,374,689 
 
 1 
 
 HI 
 
 Discharge. 
 
 
 
 
 
 f 
 
 s. 
 
 d. 
 
 By accounts passed 
 
 956,789 
 
 6 
 
 
 „ „ "before auditors 
 
 ... 8,097,492 
 
 8 
 
 n 
 
 „ „ delivered since Christmas 1710 3,227,778 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 
 12,282,059 
 
 17 
 
 6f 
 
 To be accounted for 
 
 ... 3,092,629 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 £15,374,689 
 
 1 
 
 Hi 
 
 1 The Duke of Newcastle held at this time, amongst other 
 offices, that of Lord Privy Seal, hence the reason of such 
 of these accounts — as by the then rules of the Exchequer could 
 not be received without an authority under the Privy Seal at 
 least — being conducted at his office. — From Speaker Onslow's 
 notes on Burnet's History. 
 
22 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 The foregoing implies nothing against Mr. 
 Brydges at this time, though according to Dean 
 Swift, during the debate on the matter, Mr. 
 Secretary St. John was very zealous for his 
 friend Mr. Brydges, upon whom part of the 
 blame was falling, saying, " he did not know 
 that either Mr. Brydges or the late ministry were 
 at all to blame in the matter." The Dean affirms 
 these words were very desperately spoken. So 
 concluded the first report on the public accounts : 
 this report was ordered to be printed; which, 
 however, was not done, as it was found the 
 report would indicate too pointedly those who 
 had served both ' well and ill.' 
 
 In the early part of this year — 1711 — Mr. 
 Brydges resided in Albemarle Street, next to Mr. 
 "Wyndham's, whose house was destroyed by fire, 
 occasioning some damage to Mr. Brydges' 
 residence. 
 
 The Duke of Marlborough and Mr. Brydges 
 still continued their correspondence, 1 and in a 
 communication from his Grace is found the first 
 expression of discontent at Mr. Brydges' remit- 
 tances on behalf of the forces under the Duke's 
 command. 
 
 The zeal alluded to as being shown by Mr. 
 1 Vide Appendix F. 
 
Mr. Secretary St. John. 
 
 23 
 
 Secretary St. John for his friend Mr. Brydges, 
 during the debate on the state of the public 
 accounts, doubtless led that gentleman to think 
 that "one good turn deserved another," as he 
 asked Mr. Brydges' kind offices in a matter 
 relating to a Mr. Blake, with which he was much 
 perplexed. 1 Mr. Brydges may safely be said 
 to have performed this favour, as no other 
 reference to it appears to have been made by 
 Mr. St. John. 
 
 Allusions having been made to documents en- 
 titled the Nicholas papers, now in the Egerton 
 collection of MBS., the reader is informed who 
 that gentleman was and how far such papers 
 are trustworthy. Edward Nicholas sat in the 
 House of Commons for Shaftesbury, in the 
 second parliament of Anne, afterwards holding 
 an appointment in the Treasury. During the 
 absence of Dr. Eobinson, Bishop of Bristol, Lord 
 Privy Seal, at the Peace of Utrecht in 1711 
 the office of Lord Privy Seal was for the time 
 held under commission by Sir Joseph Beaumont, 
 Eobert Byerly and Edward Nicholas, esquires. 
 The last-mentioned gentleman was later appointed 
 Treasurer and Paymaster of her Majesty's 
 pensioners. Mr. Nicholas's father had also held 
 1 Vide Appendix G. 
 
24 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 various appointments under Government at an 
 earlier date. Mr. Nicholas thus had many 
 opportunities for acquiring precise information, 
 particularly with respect to matters concerning 
 the army. 
 
 That Mr.Brydges kept the Duke of Marlborough 
 well informed on subjects affecting their relative 
 positions, is evidenced by a letter 1 from his 
 Grace, wherein he desires a continuance of infor- 
 mation. 
 
 On the 2nd of May, 1711, Mr. Harley brought 
 forward in the House of Commons, whilst in 
 committee upon Ways and Means, his famous 
 motion for the formation of the South Sea 
 scheme. As this bubble had later some bearing 
 on the fortunes of Mr. Brydges, the sum of Mr. 
 Harley's proposal is here briefly stated. He 
 proposed to relieve the public of all National 
 Debts by allowing the proprietors of such 
 securities interest at the rate of six per cent, per 
 annum (redeemable by vote of parliament), giving 
 them, in addition, a charter of incorporation, 
 conferring a monopoly of the trade to the South 
 Seas. The supposition was that the islands 
 when settled would yearly bring to Great Britain 
 vast riches from Mexico and Peru. It is now 
 1 Vide Appendix H. 
 
An Auditor's Report. 
 
 25 
 
 a matter of history how this wild scheme was 
 passed and adopted from the 24th of December 
 of that year. 1 
 
 With respect to the state of Mr. Brydges' 
 accounts at this period, the following report 
 was made by the auditors to the Lord Treasurer, 
 wherein it is stated that the Privy Seal — 
 previously mentioned — for allowing some of the 
 payments made without warrant, had not yet 
 reached their hands, although the draft for its 
 issue had been approved by the Solicitor-General. 2 
 " To the Eight Honourable Eobert, Earl of 
 Oxford and Mortimer, Lord High Treasurer of 
 Great Britain." 
 
 " May it please your Lordship. 
 
 " By your Lordship's order of reference upon 
 the annexed memorandum of the Honourable 
 James Brydges, Esquire, we are directed to let your 
 Lordship know in what forwardness his accounts 
 are, and to request our opinion in what may be fit 
 for you to do therein, for obedience thereunto we 
 humbly acquaint your Lordship : — 
 
 " That Mr. Brydges has delivered in his accounts 
 from Midsummer, 1705, to Christmas, 1709. The 
 first of them goes to Christmas, 1705, in Ireland. 
 
 1 See also page 113. 
 
 2 Nicholas papers, Egerton MSS. 
 
26 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 The next account ending Christmas, 1706, stops 
 only for want of a Privy Seal, a draft of which lay 
 before the late Lord Privy Seal, with Sir Edward 
 Northey's opinion thereon, for the passing of it, 
 but it is not yet come to us under seal. That 
 pursuant to the late Lord Treasurer's directions 
 of the 30th of June, 1710, upon reading our 
 report on an abstract of payments made by the 
 said Mr. Bridges for the service of the war in 
 Holland, between the 24th of December, 1706, 
 and the 23rd of December, 1707, for which war- 
 rants were wanting, we did then prepare and 
 lay before his Lordship such a draft of a warrant 
 as we thought proper, in order to the passing the 
 Privy Seal, for allowing the sums mentioned in 
 the said report. A copy of which report and 
 warrant we herewith lay before your Lordship. 
 
 " We are also preparing a report which will 
 soon be laid before your Lordship, of such of the 
 payments for the year 1 708 as need the authority 
 of a Privy Seal, and his accounts for the year 
 1709 are under examination. All of which is 
 humbly submitted. 
 
 "E. Harley. 
 
 " H. Maynwaring. 
 
 " October 1st, 1711." 
 
Blenheim. 
 
 27 
 
 This document bears endorsement, at back, as 
 follows : " Statements of the two auditors upon 
 the state of Mr. Brydges' accounts, dated Octo- 
 ber 1st, 1711." 
 
 The foregoing shows that the audit of Mr. 
 Brydges' accounts was still wearily dragging 
 along. In fact, tardiness seems to have ruled 
 triumphant ; whether for caution or as a cloak to 
 deficiencies, subsequent events may tend to show. 
 
 On the same date as the above-mentioned report 
 was made, the Duke of Marlborough despatched a 
 letter 1 to Mr. Brydges, asking his assistance in 
 auditing the payments made by the Exchequer for 
 the erection of Blenheim. As the Duke soon after 
 returned to England, this communication is the 
 last one recorded as having passed between them 
 during his Grace's absence as Oommander-in- 
 Chief of the Forces abroad. 
 
 The request contained in this letter shows that 
 the Duke fully reciprocated the sentiments ex- 
 pressed by Mr. Brydges ; as his Grace of Marl- 
 borough would scarcely have asked such a favour 
 at the hands of one who did not share his fullest 
 confidence. Moreover, the matter involved was 
 not in any way connected with Mr. Brydges' 
 Office. Probably his Grace thought of this when 
 1 Vide Appendix I. 
 
28 
 
 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 requesting the obligation, and thus endeavoured 
 to procure an independent audit. It must, how- 
 ever, be admitted that the sentiments expressed in 
 the preamble of this communication are most 
 praiseworthy, and show that the Duke wished to 
 be exact. 
 
CHAPTER IV. 
 
 Eeport of the committee concerning the Duke of Marlborough 
 and the Army accounts — Mr. Brydges' affidavit thereon 
 — The Duke's reply to the Commissioners — Dismissal of 
 his Grace from all appointments — Apparent coolness 
 between the Duke and Mr. Brydges — Mr. Brydges forms 
 resolutions for the erection of a noble mansion — Sites 
 proposed — The one eventually selected — Extracts from 
 Treasury Papers relating to Mr. Brydges and Mr. Sweet — 
 Mr. Brydges purchases the assignment of a pension — 
 Important letter from Henry St. John to Mr. Brydges. 
 
 On the 21st December, 1711, the Commissioners 
 for examining the public accounts made a further 
 report to the House of Commons on some prac- 
 tices they had discovered relating to the affairs 
 of the army. Mr. Lockhart read the report from 
 his seat, and afterwards handed it to the Clerk at 
 the table. 
 
 The discovery made by the Commissioners was 
 that the Duke of Marlborough had received from 
 Sir Solomon de Medina, Contractor for bread to 
 the Forces in the Low Countries, during the 
 years 1707-11, a sum of money for his own use, 
 
30 
 
 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 on each contract, amounting in the aggregate to 
 some 332,425 guilders, 14 stivers. Sir Solomon 
 deposed that it appeared from the accounts of 
 Antonio Alvarez Machado, the contractor, who 
 supplied the forces for the years 1702-6, that he 
 had paid similar sums to his Grace, during the 
 period he was contracting ; these, with the 
 amount previously stated, made a total of 
 664,851 guilders 8 stivers : a sum, at the then 
 current rate of exchange, equivalent to 
 63,410Z. 3§. 7d. In addition to this payment to 
 the ' Duke, he had to give Mr. Cardonnell, his 
 Grace's secretary, a douceur of 500 ducats in 
 gold, upon each contract being sealed, and when 
 he came to receive payment for his supplies he had 
 to further submit to a deduction by Mr. Sweet, 
 deputy-paymaster at Amsterdam, of a commission 
 of 1 per cent. 
 
 The Duke of Marlborough, having heard of Sir 
 Solomon's denouncement, wrote to the com- 
 missioners from the Hague, under date of 
 November 10th, 1711, to the effect that the sums 
 so received were no more than what had been 
 always allowed, as a perquisite to the General 
 commanding the army in the Low Countries; and 
 further asserted that whatever sums had been so 
 received were expended in the public service, for 
 
Loses Marlborough's Friendship. 31 
 
 secret intelligence, and referred to a deduction of 
 1\ per cent., (for which he held her Majesty's 
 warrant), from the pay of the foreign troops 
 under English colours, for defraying extra- 
 ordinary expenses relating to them. This deduc- 
 tion, he averred, had been made a free gift to him 
 by the Allies, concluding, that he deemed the 
 service of the army in Flanders had been carried 
 on with all possible economy. 
 
 The Commissioners adverted upon the Duke's 
 letter at some length, and denied the latter part 
 of the Duke's contention : that the deductions had 
 been carried out in the strict sense of the royal 
 warrant, which directed that the deduction should 
 be made and held by the Paymaster or his deputy, 
 and issued thence by the Duke's order only. 
 This method does not appear by the Paymaster's 
 accounts to have been pursued. On the con- 
 trary, such payments seem to have been made in 
 full to the foreign troops ; also, Mr. Brydges had 
 stated on oath, that he had never seen any warrant 
 for the purpose specified, or knew anything, as 
 Paymaster, of such deduction. On the other 
 hand, if Mr. Sweet, the Deputy Paymaster at 
 Amsterdam, had thought fit to transact the dis- 
 position of this 2£ per cent., 1 with the Duke, the 
 1 Amounting to a sum of 177,000?. 
 
32 
 
 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 Commissioners held that he ought to have sent 
 regular accounts of such payment to Mr. 
 Brydges, whose only agent he was, and should 
 certainly not have negotiated such large sums of 
 public money clandestinely. 
 
 So far as can be ascertained, Mr. Brydges' ex- 
 planation appears to have destroyed the good 
 feeling hitherto existing between his Grace and 
 himself, for no continuance of these friendly 
 epistles are recorded in the volumes 1 containing 
 copies of the Duke's correspondence ; nor is it 
 to be gathered from other sources. 
 
 The result of this report was the declaration 
 by the Queen in Council on the 30th of the same 
 month, " That being informed that information 
 against the Duke of Marlborough had been laid 
 before the Commons by the Commissioners of 
 public accounts, she thought fit to dismiss him 
 from all his employments, so that the matter might 
 take an impartial examination," though her 
 Majesty personally wrote to the Duke the day 
 following, " That her intention was to reserve all 
 the employments she had entrusted him with, 
 etc., etc." But this was never fulfilled, as his 
 Grace retired abroad, residing first at Frankfort, 
 and afterwards at Antwerp. Having at last 
 
 1 Murray's Marlborough's Letters and Despatches, 1845. 
 
Building Projects. 
 
 33 
 
 resolved to return to his native land, he arrived 
 on the day of her Majesty's decease. 
 
 King George I., soon after his accession, re- 
 appointed his Grace Commander-in-Chief ; but the 
 appointment did not carry the power he had 
 previously enjoyed. 
 
 With the advent of the year 1712, Mr. Brydges 
 formed those resolutions which ultimately 
 resulted in the raising of one of the most sump- 
 tuous and costly mansions ever erected in this 
 country. It has been stated previously that Mr. 
 Brydges married Mary, daughter, and ultimately 
 heiress of Sir Thomas Lake, grandson of the 
 Secretary of State to that modern Solomon, 
 King James I. Sir Thomas had purchased the 
 estate of Canons, near Edgware, Middlesex, from 
 Sir Hugh Losse. The estate ultimately came into 
 the possession of Mr. Brydges, through his wife, 
 as aforesaid. It was here that he finally deter- 
 mined to erect an edifice, the fame of which the 
 Muse of that note of interrogation " Pope " has 
 handed down to posterity. Canons, however, 
 was not the first site selected by Mr. Brydges. 
 Owing to a disagreement with the owner of 
 Sion House, some land a little to the north of 
 Brentford was relinquished ; though the pillars 
 for the gates were still standing 100 years later. 
 
 D 
 
34 
 
 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 There is much doubt as to the exact date when 
 the foundations of Canons were commenced. 
 Some authorities date circa 1712; others 1715. 
 After mature deliberation, my opinion is that the 
 latter is most likely correct, for many reasons. 
 One of the most important of these is that in 
 1712 Mr. Brydges still held his appointment as 
 Paymaster- General ; and however lucrative that 
 office may have been made by him, it would have 
 been little short of madness to have commenced 
 the erection of a noble and costly palace while he 
 held a position that had already been the subject 
 of question in the House of Commons. Besides, 
 such an undertaking immediately following the 
 dismissal of the Duke of Marlborough must have 
 drawn attention to the emoluments of Mr. Brydges' 
 post. Another good reason in favour of the later 
 date is that by this period he had succeeded his 
 father as Lord Chandos. He could, therefore, 
 with better grace, commence a lordly residence, 
 as a peer of the realm, even if previously enriched 
 by fruits of office. Besides, the Committee for 
 inspecting the state of the public accounts had 
 then ceased its labours. 
 
 That there were other difficulties in connection 
 with Mr. Sweet's office as Deputy Paymaster, is 
 
The Earl of Granard's Pension. 
 
 35 
 
 made evident by a communication 1 from his senior 
 (Mr. Brydges), to the Lord Treasurer, enclosing 
 Mr. Sweet's reasons for not protesting Sir John 
 Lambert's bills of exchange for 312,000 florins, 
 current money of Holland, and requesting his 
 Lordship's direction thereon. 
 
 On the 10th. of June, 1712, a report 2 was made 
 by Messrs. Levinge and Bernard, respectively 
 Attorney and Solicitor Generals for Ireland, to 
 the Lords Justices, relating to a pension of 500Z. 
 per annum, granted to the Earl of Granard. 
 This, it was contended, had been sold to Anthony 
 Hammond, Esq.— Mr. Brydges' deputy at the pay 
 office — for 1600?., and afterwards resold by him 
 to Mr. Brydges. The earl's contention was, that 
 he had only mortgaged it to Mr. Hammond, and 
 not sold or assigned it absolutely. On certain 
 conditions, he prayed that the stop placed on the 
 payment of the pension might be removed, and 
 this petition was granted. It is not assumed that 
 the transaction was a matter of arrangement 
 between Mr. Brydges and his deputy, though it 
 does appear strange, that almost so soon as Mr. 
 Hammond had acquired what appears to be a 
 bargain, it should be transferred to Mr. Brydges, 
 1 Redingtons' Calendar of Treasury Papers. 2 Ibid. 
 
 D 2 
 
36 
 
 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 his senior. Possibly other instances, that will be 
 recorded of the latter' s dealing with offices and 
 grants, may help to enlighten the reader's mind 
 on this subject. 
 
 Owing to the investigations made by the 
 committee appointed to inquire into the Duke of 
 Marlborough's affairs, and other matters con- 
 nected with the Army, and the consequent dis- 
 closures, the following command was sent Mr. 
 Brydges by H. St. John, then Secretary for 
 War : — 
 
 1<c To the Honourable James Brydges, 
 "Paymaster-General of the Forces, 
 
 "Whitehall. 
 
 "June 21st, 1712. 
 
 « g IR> — Her Majesty has thought fit to order 
 that payment should be stopped of all pay or 
 subsidies to the foreign troops on her Service, till 
 further notice, which you will be pleased to 
 signify without loss of time to Mr. Sweet, and 
 at the same time, to direct him to issue no pay to 
 any foreigners serving in the Low Countries, till 
 he shall receive directions so to do from his Grace 
 the Duke of Ormonde, and from the Earl of 
 
 1 Parkes' Life of Henry St. John, Viscount Bolingbroke. 
 
An Authoritative Letter. 
 
 37 
 
 Strafford, who is going away to-morrow to the 
 Army in Flanders. The orders must be positive, 
 and her Majesty expects they should be punctually 
 complied with. My Lord Treasurer desires me to 
 acquaint you, that the messenger who goes to 
 Holland, stays at my office for your letter, which 
 he is to carry with him. You will please there- 
 fore, as soon as this comes to your hand, to write 
 accordingly to Mr. Sweet, deputy paymaster to 
 the Army in Flanders, and to send your letter to 
 my office, that the messenger may be despatched 
 with it. 
 
 " I am, Sir, 
 " Your most humble servant, 
 
 "H. St. John." 
 
 It would be difficult to find a letter which 
 better exemplifies the maxim Suaviter in 
 modo, fortiter in re, or which more plainly 
 manifests the iron hand under the silk glove. 
 Not only is the command courteously though 
 imperatively worded for immediate compliance, 
 but keeping the messenger at Mr. Sb. John's 
 office for Mr. Brydges' letter, was a master 
 stroke of policy, to command obedience and 
 prevent delay. 
 
CHAPTER V. 
 
 Keport of Commissioners concerning the public accounts — Mr. 
 Brydges' character at this period — Smollett's estimate of 
 the sum deficient in Mr. Brydges' accounts shown to he 
 erroneous. 
 
 The Commissioners for examining the state of 
 the public accounts were still holding their 
 inquiries, though unable to reach the accounts 
 more directly concerning Mr. Brydges in the 
 current year. 
 
 Although Mr. Brydges had decided ultimately to 
 make the family domain of the Lake the place 
 whereon to rear his costly mansion, it was fated 
 that the descendant of that family — Mrs. 
 Brydges — should not live to see her husband's 
 mansion erected on the estate of her ancestors. 
 She died in the December of 1712. 
 
 It is frequently stated that Mr. Brydges 
 vacated the office of Paymaster-General to the 
 Forces abroad during the year just named. That 
 this date was anticipatory, will be presently 
 shown. 
 
 On April, 16th, 1713, the Commissioners again 
 
The Report of the Commission. 
 
 39 
 
 reported to the House the result of their investi- 
 gations. These were briefly : — That they were 
 forced to omit many particulars for want of 
 examining the deputy paymasters, Mr. Sweet and 
 Mr. Morice, on oath, through whose hands most 
 of the public money had passed. Mr. Sweet, the 
 deputy, could not give a satisfactory explana- 
 tion of some mismanagement at Amsterdam. 
 Therefore a precept was sent for his attendance 
 here (though in the meantime he was dismissed 
 from his office), when he requested an indulgence 
 of six months before returning to England. The 
 reasons not being deemed adequate, request was 
 again made for his immediate attendance with 
 such books and papers as would enable him to 
 give an exact account of all the monies received 
 and paid during the war in the Low Countries. 
 Thereupon he repeated his previous answer, and 
 it was feared that no personal information could 
 be obtained from him, without the interposition 
 of Parliament. 
 
 Mr. Morice, the deputy in Portugal, having 
 recently died, the Commissioners' intention of 
 looking into his accounts was frustrated. But 
 the Paymaster- General, Mr. Brydges, had sent a 
 person to Lisbon to prepare them. Mr. Mead, 
 the deputy in Spain, having only just arrived in 
 
4o 
 
 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 this country, they had as yet been unable to go 
 through his accounts. 
 
 One point in the great mismanagement of the 
 army was that of paying regiments without estab- 
 lishments. The paymaster-general declared on 
 oath before the Commissioners : — " That the regi- 
 ments of Hogon, D' Assa, and Dalzel, were paid by 
 authority of the general's warrant alone." The 
 Commissioners also found ; " That some regiments 
 had been paid which were never on any establish- 
 ments, while others had been paid before they 
 were established. 
 
 " The Earl of Galway's Spanish regiment. . . 
 we have received so very an uncertain account of, 
 that there seems to have been unnecessary expense 
 made on the public for providing it. Captain 
 Henry Pullein deposes that he held a captain's 
 commission dated April 6th 9 1709, given him by the 
 Earl of Galway; that he arrived in Portugal the 
 June following, when he heard the regiment had 
 been taken prisoners, and found two or three 
 officers there, but never saw any privates, nor did 
 he hear that any musters were ever taken. 
 The commissary, and the paymaster-general 
 have deposed : — That they never saw any muster 
 rolls, but that there was a list of prisoners 
 returned to the paymaster, after the regiment 
 
The Report Continued. 
 
 41 
 
 was supposed to have been taken by the enemy, 
 wherein the name of only one private is inserted, 
 which has created the suspicion, that the regi- 
 ment was an imaginary one and never actually 
 raised. 
 
 " Some regiments have been placed on several 
 establishments at the same time, Farrington's, for 
 instance, on three, viz., Flanders, Spain, and 
 Portugal ; Mordaunt's and Macartney's, in the 
 same manner ; Hill's and Hotham's were put in 
 both estimates (for Spain and Portugal), and 
 twice provided for by parliament. The sum of 
 90,954/. 19s. 2d. was given in excess for these five 
 regiments than was applied to their use. But 
 Mr. Brydges alleges that part of the sum allotted 
 to the regiments of Mordaunt, Farrington and Ma- 
 cartney, was issued for the pay of some Foreign 
 Corps. 
 
 " Other regiments have been paid different from 
 their respective establishments : Elliott's was 
 placed on the Flanders establishment at 44/. lis. M. 
 per diem, but was paid by Mr. Brydges at the 
 rate of 39/. 15s. 8c?., those of Lalo, Farrington, and 
 Macartney at 42Z. 10s. 0d., paid by Mr. Brydges 
 at 39/. 8s. 2d., that of Mordaunt's at 42/. 10s. Od. 
 was paid at the rate of 39/. 6s. 2d. ; Blisset's at 
 36/. 10s. 2d. paid at the rate of 321 10s. 2d. From 
 
42 
 
 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 this it is plain that a considerable sum was voted 
 by parliament, more than was applied to the 
 service, or is yet otherwise accounted for. 
 
 " As the above mentioned regiments have 
 received less than their establishment, so that of 
 Carles has received 1819Z. 13s. 6d. more, being 
 placed on the establishment at 281. 18s. 6d. per 
 diem, and paid at the rate 421. 10s. Od. 
 
 ' ' The above are so far as Mr. Brydges' office 
 was directly concerned, though there were other. . . 
 allegations affecting the forces at home, and the 
 Navy." The Commissioners report that they had 
 noticed the sale of public offices and called the 
 attention of the House thereto, and cited two 
 instances ; the first directly refers to Mr. 
 Brydges. 
 
 "Henry Meriton Esq., in 1705, treated with 
 Mr. Brydges, then Auditor of the Imprests, for 
 the purchase of his office, agreeing to give 4000Z. 
 for it, and thereon applied to the Lord Treasurer 
 Godolphin for his approbation. His lordship 
 proposed to make him Commissioner of Customs, 
 or Cashier of the Excise, in consideration of the 
 4000Z. he was to pay Mr. Brydges. But he 
 absolutely refused the first proposal, and was 
 with great difficulty brought to accept the 
 latter office considering the terms too hard, as 
 
The Report Continued. 
 
 43 
 
 the office was given during pleasure only. How- 
 ever, being persuaded by Sir "William Scawen, to 
 rely on the Lord Godolphin's honour, he paid 
 Mr. Brydges the 4000Z., whereon Mr. Maynwaring 
 was made Auditor of the Imprests. Mr. Hall, 
 Cashier of the Excise, was removed from that 
 office to be a Commissioner of the Customs ; and 
 Mr. Meriton entered into the Excise as cashier. 
 By this it is evident that Lord Godolphin was not 
 only privy to this bargain and sale, but negotiated 
 it. However, the Commissioners examined Mr. 
 Maynwaring on oath, who deposed that his 
 Lordship transacted the whole matter without 
 his knowledge. But he heard that a sum of 
 money was given to Mr. Brydges on resigning 
 his office. As a further confirmation of this, 
 when Mr. Meriton was dismissed in 1710 from 
 being Cashier of the Excise, he remonstrated with 
 Lord Godolphin, saying that ' he could not sit 
 down with the loss of 4000/ ; ' and insisted on 
 his lordship's promise of continuing the post to 
 him. His lordship apprehending himself under 
 an obligation to reimburse Mr. Meriton, as he 
 was pleased to say for his own sake, means were 
 found, on making Colonel Sidney Comptroller 
 of the Excise, to raise 4000 1, for Mr. Meriton by a 
 cross sale of those offices." 
 
44 
 
 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 This concluded the substance of the first 
 report. But on the same day a second one was 
 handed in, of which the following is a resume : — 
 
 " The Commissioners humbly submit by what 
 is offered in the preceding report, that they will be 
 deemed to have taken some pains in examining 
 the accounts of the army, and for having used 
 all possible endeavours to detect any irregularities 
 or mismanagements therein. Mr. Howe, 1 in 
 return to our precept, brought in accounts of 
 some regiments, but, in examination thereof, we 
 found that they had reference to other accounts — 
 while those regiments were in Mr. Brydges' pay — 
 which are unadjusted. 
 
 " Mr. Brydges also exhibited to us, some time 
 since, the state of several regiments, but alleged 
 that there were so many difficulties in their 
 accounts, that he could not settle the credits of 
 any one of them. The colonels and agents have 
 returned that, till the credits of their respective 
 regiments are fixed by the Paymaster, they 
 cannot pretend to offer any accounts. As these 
 have been numerous, it is hoped they will facili- 
 tate our examinations when the paymasters are 
 prepared to lay their accounts before us in such 
 a manner as will form a proper foundation for 
 1 John Howe, Paymaster of the Forces at home. 
 
The Report Continued. 45 
 
 us to determine on. Mr. Brydges has been 
 frequently pressed to attest the credits of the 
 regiments under his care, as they form the 
 most considerable part of the army ; but, being 
 unable to remove the difficulties first complained 
 of, he has lately delivered on oath to us a paper 
 entitled, ' Reasons why the accounts for the 
 regiments under the care of the Honourable 
 James Brydges, Esquire, Paymaster-General of 
 her Majesty's Forces, acting in conjunction with 
 the Allies, could not be closed and attested, 
 pursuant to the precepts of the Honourable 
 Commissioners appointed by parliament for 
 taking, examining, and determining the debts due 
 to the army, etc. Dated, March 4th, 1712-13. 
 
 " Now whether these reasons are admitted as a 
 justification of the paymaster or otherwise, your 
 Commissioners apprehend they are a sufficient 
 proof, that it was not in their power to proceed 
 further than they have done. 
 
 " (Signed) 
 
 " George Lockhart, Henry Bertie, Solwat 
 Winnington, Francis Annesley, Thomas 
 Lister, William Shippen, Henry Carter." 
 
 The House having heard Mr. Shippen read 
 these Reports from his seat in the Commons, it 
 
46 
 
 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 was resolved to take them into consideration on 
 the Saturday following. At the same time they 
 ordered a Bill to be brought in, " To revive and 
 continue the Act for taking, examining and 
 stating the public accounts, and to continue the 
 Act for appointing Commissioners to examine 
 debts due to the army." 
 
 However painstaking the Commissioners may 
 have been, the results of their labours amount 
 almost to nil. True, they were baffled and foiled 
 at almost every step, as if some master mind was 
 directing the mystification. An important con- 
 tribution towards the elucidation of these accounts, 
 would have been the discovery as to who was 
 really responsible for, or initiated the dismissal 
 of Mr. Sweet, the deputy at Amsterdam, without 
 first bringing his accounts to this country, as im- 
 mediately he received his discharge (by letter), 
 he perfectly well knew what to expect on 
 returning here. In other words, he should have 
 been temporized with. His absence — as they this 
 side knew — would prevent any direct allegations 
 being made by the committee, against those in 
 the pay office at Whitehall. The death of Mr. 
 Morice, Mr. Brydges' deputy in Portugal, natur- 
 ally prevented the Commissioners receiving that 
 gentleman's personal testimony, relative to the 
 
The Commission Abortive. 
 
 47 
 
 accounts under his charge. The same reason 
 will apply to the alleged sale of " offices," the 
 late Lord Treasurer Godolphin dying whilst the 
 Commission was sitting. 
 
 The above, coupled with the form of the 
 second report, prevented any specific charge 
 being made against Mr. Brydges. At the 
 most, the allegations made were general ones, 
 so much so, that they could not fix any one 
 with any of the many irregularities stated to 
 exist in the office of Mr. Brydges, though the 
 Commissioners were morally certain that the 
 country had been, and was being, defrauded to 
 an enormous extent. 
 
 That Mr. Brydges was a clever and fortunate 
 man, is proved by the turn events were made to 
 take. He showed great circumspection, by not 
 (at this time) making a parade of his wealth, by 
 adopting that style of magnificence which he did 
 later. His good fortune permitted him to escape 
 directly or indirectly, the censure of the Commons 
 (as in the case of Sir Robert Harley and others). 
 In fact his position in the House does not appear 
 to have been affected in the least by the Com- 
 missioners' reports, as he was returned at the 
 head of the poll for Hereford, his old seat, in 
 the new Parliament. Mr. Brydges possessed in 
 
48 
 
 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 a marked degree the faculty of making himself 
 agreeable to all with whom he was brought into 
 contact. In fact, he studied, and acted up 
 to the motto, " Noblesse Oblige" and showed fre- 
 quently magnanimous conduct in support of that 
 maxim. Such a disposition naturally stood him 
 in good stead at the present juncture, particularly 
 with a grave though legally unproved charge 
 hanging over him. But even this did not pre- 
 vent him, at a later period, from being named as 
 a probable commissioner to aid in carrying on a 
 still higher trust. 
 
 Mr. Smollett in his continuation of Hume's 
 History of England, asserts in reference to the 
 accounts of the army appertaining to Mr. Brydges' 
 office, " That all means had proved ineffectual to 
 determine and punish those individuals who 
 shamefully pillaged their country. The villainy 
 was so complicated, the vice so general, and the 
 delinquents so powerfully screened by artifice and 
 interest, as to elude all inquiry." This has been 
 shown in these pages, even more conclusively 
 than the historian asserts. Smollett further 
 states, that Mr. Brydges accounted for all the 
 monies that passed through his hands except 
 three millions; an assertion which no doubt 
 has reference to the figures previously given. 
 
Mr. Brydges' Resources. 
 
 49 
 
 For this sum Mr. Brydges had to produce accounts 
 or vouchers. As several audits followed, it is 
 safe to assume that this sum was wholly or in 
 part accounted for. It is not denied that Mr. 
 Brydges acquired a handsome fortune during his 
 tenure of office as Paymaster-General, though 
 what this amounted to no one ever knew. Three 
 millions, however, is far too large a sum to estimate 
 it at, great even as Mr. Brydges' expenditure was, 
 after his official retirement from the Pay Office. 
 In building and other acquisitions, however, he 
 both made and lost large amounts by various 
 schemes, though all of these would hardly reach 
 the seven-figured sum stated. It must also be 
 remembered that he was then in possession of 
 the family estates; these alone would have 
 enabled him to keep up a fair establishment. 
 
CHAPTER VI. 
 
 Mr. Brydges still in office— Letter from Mr. Brydges to the 
 Treasurer — Mr. Brydges' second marriage — Reason 
 why the office of Paymaster- General was so lucrative at 
 this period — Mr. Brydges presents a statement of accounts 
 to the House of Commons — Besigns office — Purchases 
 lease of Enfield Chace — Presents living of Stanmore 
 Parva or Whitchurch, to Kev. T. Desaguliers — Determines 
 to rebuild the church for him — Mention made of Mr. 
 Brydges becoming a Treasury Commissioner— Death of 
 Lord Chandos — Succeeded by his son James Brydges 
 — Created Viscount Wilton and Earl of Carnarvon by 
 George I. — The Earl's political convictions — Petitions 
 by persons relating to matters connected with the Earl's 
 late office — Interests himself in the election of Members of 
 Parliament for Hereford. 
 
 Notwithstanding the report of the Commissioners, 
 Mr. Brydges still retained his appointment. 
 This is proved by his presenting to the House 
 of Commons, May 2nd, 1713, an estimate of what 
 was due for the clearings and set-off reckonings 
 of her Majesty's troops, upon the establishments 
 of Spain, Portugal, and the Low Countries, 
 from the time they were last paid till March 
 25th, 1713. The title being read, it was 
 ordered, " That the said estimate do lie upon 
 
One Result of the Inquiry. 
 
 Si 
 
 the table of the House to be perused by the 
 members." 
 
 It appears that one of the results of the 
 Inquiry into the state of the public accounts, 
 was the making many of the offices alluded to 
 by the Commissioners, a little more circumspect 
 in conducting their affairs ; this appears from 
 the following letter : — ■ 
 
 1 " Whitehall, ISth July, 1713. 
 " Gentlemen, — I enclose to you a copy of my 
 Lord Duke of Ormonde's letter to me, by which 
 you will see his Grace is of opinion the troops 
 ought to be paid according to the muster rolls. 
 I desire you will please lay the same before my 
 Lord Treasurer for his Lordship's directions, 
 whether the same must be paid according to the 
 muster or effective lists. The Act of Parliament 
 being so express in directing the former, and 
 being renewed the last sessions, I humbly submit 
 whether the paying by any other authority will 
 not be an infringement of that Act. 
 " I am, gentlemen, 
 
 " Your most humble servant, 
 
 " J. BliYDGES. 
 
 " Secretary to the Treasury." 
 
 1 From MSS. relating to the Army, 1698—1715. 
 E 2 
 
52 
 
 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 This letter testifies that Mr. Brydges was 
 moving cautiously ; he was about to resign office, 
 and was naturally desirous of quitting his post 
 with as good a grace as possible. 
 
 Notwithstanding the worry and anxiety of this 
 year — 1713 — Mr. Brydges found leisure to woo 
 and win a second wife. This lady was Cas- 
 sandra, daughter of Sir F. Willoughby, and sister 
 of the then newly created Lord Middleton ; she 
 was also a first cousin of Mr. Brydges, and 
 related to Earl Tylney, the erector of the once 
 splendid pile of Wanstead. Mr. Brydges 
 espoused his second wife on the 4th of August, 
 1713. The ceremony took place in the chapel 
 attached to the Eoyal Military Hospital, Chelsea, 
 probably selected on account of Mr. Brydges' 
 connection with the civil establishment of the 
 army. 
 
 One of the many reasons why the post of Pay- 
 master to the Forces was so lucrative in those 
 times, consisted in the very large sums of money 
 that frequently lay for some time in the Pay- 
 master's hands, before the period arrived for its 
 disbursement. This is alluded to as a fact 
 in connection with that office, and not as re- 
 flecting on anyone who held the appointment. 
 It was looked upon as one of the emoluments of 
 
Legitimate use of Public Money. 53 
 
 the post, that the money should be lucratively 
 used for the time, to the paymaster's advan- 
 tage. 
 
 Amongst the several papers 1 consulted for this 
 work, is a document elaborately drawn up to 
 show what would be necessary for carrying on 
 the service to Christmas, and paying the bills of 
 exchange in Mr. Brydges' office, 1712-13. The 
 sum for meeting these expenses amounts to 
 869,134/. There is in Mr. Brydges' hands (or 
 intended to be issued to him) the following : — 
 
 1710. 
 
 General mortgage, subscribed to : £ 
 
 South Sea Company .... 409,600 
 
 Land Tax 73,895 
 
 Malt „ . 7,558 
 
 Candle Tax 7,500 
 
 498,553 
 
 1711. 
 
 Land Tax 24,500 
 
 Malt „ 80,975 
 
 Hops „ 30,346 
 
 South Sea Stock . . . . .151,300 
 In money to be received from the 
 
 Two Millions voted . . . 132,102 
 
 .£917,836 
 
 showing an estimated surplus of 48,7022., which 
 is subsequently swallowed up by other items to 
 
 1 MSS. relating to the Army, 1698—1715. 
 
54 
 
 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 be provided for, ultimately resulting in a debit 
 of 63,433/. These accounts are curious, as 
 showing the ways and means then employed for 
 providing the army. JSTor will it escape obser- 
 vation that a large proportion of the money 
 in hand was invested in South Sea stock, 
 though this period is previous to that of the in- 
 flated condition. 
 
 A Mr. Thomas Moore is recorded as succeeding 
 Mr. Brydges in the office of Paymaster-General 
 during the year 1713, although the latter's 
 connection with that post does not appear 
 to have entirely ceased. On April 7th, 1714, 1 
 Mr. Brydges presented to the House of Commons 
 by her Majesty's commands (pursuant to their 
 address for that purpose), an account of several 
 charges for H.M. forces, which are not pro- 
 vided for in Mr. Brydges' office between the 
 22nd of December, 1712, and the 24th of 
 August, 1713. These accounts consist of thirteen 
 items, relating to pay of regiments, etc., and 
 expenses of the Commander-in-Chief in Portugal, 
 and amount to 71,473/. 12s. 11 Jd. This appears 
 to have been the last official statement presented 
 by him to the House of Commons, though for 
 somf) years inquiries and references were made to 
 1 House of Commons Journal, vol. xvii. 
 
Resignation of Office. 
 
 55 
 
 him by officials in the Treasury and other depart- 
 ments. 
 
 Mr. Brydges, being now relieved from the 
 cares of office, began to put into execution those 
 plans that he had determined upon, so soon as 
 time and other circumstances allowed. He 
 also resolved to add to his landed possessions 
 in the neighbourhood of Canons as opportunity 
 arose, so as to make his power as great as 
 possible in the vicinity of his contemplated 
 princely residence. One of the first steps he took 
 was to purchase, during the year 1714, the 
 assignment of the unexpired term of the Ranger- 
 ship of Enfield Chace, Middlesex, then a lordly 
 domain, some twenty-one miles in circumference. 
 Enfield Chace had been granted in 1694 for a 
 term of fifty-six years to Sir Robert Howard, 
 who afterwards assigned it. This assignee, in his 
 turn, sold it to Mr. Brydges, in whose family it 
 remained for several generations. 
 
 As a means towards the spiritual welfare of 
 himself and neighbours, he presented the living 
 of "Whitchurch — close to Canons — to the learned 
 John Theophilus Desaguliers, LL.D., F.R.S., 
 son of the Rev. John Desaguliers, a French 
 refugee, educated at Christ Church, Oxford. 
 This gentleman was held in high favour by Sir 
 
56 
 
 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 Isaac Newton, and was the first person who gave 
 public lectures in London upon Experimental 
 Philosophy. The lectures, together with other 
 works of a scientific nature, were afterwards 
 published by him. 
 
 Having presented the living of Whitchurch 
 to an esteemed friend and brother F.R.S., whom 
 he also made his chaplain, Mr. Brydges did what 
 a magnanimous patron would do under such cir- 
 cumstances ; he presented the new incumbent (and 
 parishioners) with a new church. He proposed 
 to make the church's decorations similar to the 
 intended private chapel at Canons, and worthy of 
 proximity to his purposed princely edifice. The 
 date of the commencement of the latter build- 
 ing is here confirmed, for it is a fact that the 
 church of St. Lawrence was pulled down — except 
 the tower — in 1715, although its re-erection 
 progressed slowly owing to the same artists 
 and workmen being simultaneously engaged at 
 Canons. 
 
 During the last days of her Majesty Queen Anne, 
 the Earl of Oxford, who was Lord Treasurer, was 
 removed from office. The event was so sudden 
 that much strife and confusion ensued, particu- 
 larly as no substitute had been agreed upon. 
 Hasty consultation was therefore held ; when it 
 
The Treasurer's Office in Commission. 57 
 
 was proposed that the office of treasurer should 
 be executed by a 1 commission of five. Sir William 
 Wyndham, of the Exchequer, was to be one, but 
 the choice of the others was somewhat puzzling 
 to her Majesty, as well as her councillors. It is 
 said that the persons mentioned were the Lords 
 Bolingbroke, Paget, Lexington, Bathurst, and 
 Masham, the Bishop of Londou, the Honourables 
 Henry Boyle, and James Brydges, together with 
 many others ; but no definite selection was then 
 made. It would seem that Mr. Brydges was 
 still regarded with confidence amongst the 
 powers that were, his name being mentioned 
 as a possible commissioner for so important 
 an office as the Treasury. 
 
 On the 16th of October, 1714, James, Lord 
 Chandos, died at his seat of Aconbury, near 
 Hereford, and was succeeded by his son James. 
 The late lord had been one of the seven barons, 
 or viscounts, selected for promotion to the degree 
 of earl, upon the accession of his Majesty 
 King George I. The names of these noblemen 
 were Chandos, Ossulton, Guernsey, Halifax, 
 Bockingham, Harvey and Pelham ; but Lord 
 Chandos died before the official announcement 
 of his Majesty's favour was made, and his 
 1 Afterwards put into effect. 
 
58 
 
 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 son and successor received the honour intended 
 for the father. On the 19th of October, 1714, 
 it was announced that the Right Honourable 
 James Brydges, Lord Chandos, was to be 
 created Viscount Wilton, of Wilton, Hereford- 
 shire, and Earl of Carnarvon ; the letters patent 
 to be entailed on his brother the Honourable 
 and Rev. Henry Brydges, in default of surviving 
 male issue. The foregoing explanation clears up 
 much doubt that has arisen; as many have 
 wished to know why Mr. Brydges, a person sup- 
 posed to have greatly enriched himself at the 
 public cost, was one of the first to receive 
 favour from the hands of the new sovereign. 
 The newly-created Earl lost no time in attaching 
 himself to the court, as well as to the interests 
 of his Majesty King George I. In fact he 
 thoroughly foreshadowed — except in meanness — 
 Macklin's character of Sir Pertinax McSyco- 
 phant in The Man of the World, who always 
 " Boo'd boo'd where the sun shone." 
 
 Mention might here be made of the Earl's 
 political convictions, which were, as they had 
 been during his parliamentary career, those of 
 the Whig party. Though nevertheless a fact, 
 this assertion may probably raise a doubt in the 
 reader's mind. Nor is it such a difficult matter to 
 
Earl of Carnarvon. 
 
 59 
 
 prove, as the Whigs from the accession of Anne 
 to the beginning of the reign of George III. 
 were such in name only, having, during the inter- 
 vening reigns, acted and voted as Tories. 
 
 Mr. Brydges, now Earl of Carnarvon, though 
 relegated to the House of Peers, was frequently 
 referred to in matters relating to his late 
 office. Thus on the 27th October, 1 1714, 1 a 
 petition was presented by Mr. Hill and another, 
 respecting charges for provisions. This is 
 minuted to be considered when another Privy 
 Seal passes for my Lord Carnarvon. On the 27th 
 of the following month Mr. Morice, executor to 
 his father, the late deputy paymaster to the forces 
 in Portugal, presented a petition in reference to 
 certain charges for shipping money from Lisbon 
 to Catalonia, minuted to be read when my Lord 
 Carnarvon and Mr. Auditor Harley are at the 
 Treasury. These were not the last queries that 
 arose concerning the Earl's late appointment as 
 Paymaster. 
 
 After succeeding to the family honours, Lord 
 Carnarvon desired that his late seat for Hereford 
 in the Commons should be filled by a person of his 
 own political views, especially as that constituency 
 had honoured him with their suffrages on behalf of 
 1 Bedington's Calendar of Treasury Papers. 
 
6o 
 
 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 the Whig party during eight Parliaments, ^ith 
 this purpose he strenuously supported the candi- 
 dature of Messrs. Westfaling and Philpotts for 
 that party. They and their supporters were sur- 
 prised to find themselves opposed by Viscount 
 Scudamore, who, instead of seeking re-election for 
 the County, had, at the earnest solicitation of the 
 electors, determined to contest the City of Here- 
 ford, in conjunction with Thomas Foley, one of 
 its late members, in the Tory interest. In this 
 they were successful, the poll being for, 1 — 
 Thomas Foley 787 
 Viscount Scudamore 777 
 Westfaling 575 
 Philpotts 551 
 Such a result was not anticipated by the Earl, 
 who throughout the election felt confident that 
 one of his candidates would obtain the suffrages 
 of those electors whose political sentiments cor- 
 responded with his own, and who, for so lorg a 
 time, had shown their allegiance to him. 
 
 1 This circumstance, added to others of a political character, 
 so piqued his Lordship, as to influence him shortly after in 
 disposing of all his Herefordshire property, part of which was 
 purchased by the trustees of Guy's Hospital, London. 
 
CHAPTER VII. 
 
 Situation of Canons — Some account of the building — De- 
 scription of the grounds and chapel — Keports and peti- 
 tions relating to the Earl's late office. 
 
 Canons, or Cannons, the estate of the Lake family, 
 which had come into the Earl's possession by right 
 of his first wife, is situated about a mile to the 
 north of the little village of Edgware, Edgar, or 
 Edgworth — (it is called and mentioned by all 
 three names) — a place of undoubted antiquity, on 
 the great Roman road known as Watling Street, 
 and having many Roman remains in its vicinity. 
 
 The selection of this site for the Earl's 
 mansion was deemed by many scarcely suitable 
 for the magnificent structure proposed. To 
 remedy, in a measure, its natural deficiencies, 
 the Earl spent a large sum in changing the 
 contour of the ground, accomplishing by art 
 what nature had failed to create — an eligible 
 site. Plans and estimates for the building were 
 submitted by the best architects of those days ; 
 but whose were ultimately adopted it is impos- 
 
62 
 
 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 sible to state ; as during the erection of the 
 house, three well-known architects were em- 
 ployed, it is believed, in the following order, 
 viz. : Gibbs, James of Greenwich, and Sheppard. 
 The Palladian design was followed by all. 
 Though it may seem strange, it is, nevertheless, a 
 fact that no known plan, painting, drawing, or en- 
 graving, of the edifice in toto exists. There are 
 elevations of the north and south fronts by 
 Hulsberg, dated respectively 1721 and 1730, but 
 these are only portions of the elevations pur- 
 posed to be engraved ; this is confirmed by the 
 latter date, as the building was finished some 
 years before 1730. Strong, the mason who 
 undertook most of the stonework for St. Paul's 
 Cathedral and Blenheim, built the north front, 
 which its princely owner purposed should be 
 handed down, together with the whole building, 
 to posterity as a monument of his magnificence. 
 To this end, the foundations, 12 feet thick, were 
 reduced to 9 feet thick when above the ground 
 level. The same substantial character applied to 
 everything connected with the edifice. But, 
 alas ! its grandeur scarcely survived its founder. 
 The exterior consisted of four sides, having 
 frontages to the north, south, east, and west, all 
 of freestone, and about 120 feet in length, 
 
Canons. 
 
 63 
 
 adorned with pilasters and columns of stone. 
 Surmounting each window was an antique head, 
 boldly sculptured ; and along the top of each 
 front were life-size statues. The engravings, 
 just alluded to, depict but two sides ; they have 
 led to conjecture as to whether the mansion 
 really possessed four sides of stone ; or whether 
 these two made an imposing aspect from the 
 principal avenues, while the other two were 
 occupied simply by brick outbuildings. From 
 the absence of any drawing showing the four 
 fronts in detail, the latter assumption might 
 have some basis of truth. But the author, 
 after much research and piecing together various 
 scraps of information, is able to give an almost 
 complete description of the whole, though he 
 admits that at one time he almost despaired of 
 so doing. The account that follows will do much 
 to elucidate many hitherto vexed points, parti- 
 cularly one respecting the Earl's private chapel. 
 It has been stated that the private chapel was no 
 other than the present church of St. Lawrence, 
 Whitchurch, or Stanmore Parva, a gem little 
 known to Londoners, although within easy 
 access. Our transatlantic cousins, however, with 
 their usual keenness, have ferreted it out long 
 since, and it is much visited by them during the 
 
6 4 
 
 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 holiday season. The belief that this church was 
 the Earl's private chapel will be shown to be 
 erroneous ; while it is correct that the Earl had 
 the decorations of the church modelled after the 
 chapel at Canons, notably as regards the paintings 
 and the position of the organ. 
 
 The chief front of the residence at Canons 
 faced the east, and its avenue led directly to the 
 Church of St. Lawrence, Whitchurch, situate at 
 about half a mile's distance. The north front 
 faced the parterre and great canal, the west 
 the gardens, and the south looked over the space 
 occupied by the offices and stables, from which 
 ran another avenue. The principal entrance was 
 from the high road, about half a mile out of 
 Edgware, through a fine iron gate, with the 
 supporters of its noble owner on the pillar caps. 
 Inside the grounds were two neat lodges, 1 
 modified later and inhabited by gentlemen, on 
 the estate being sold. The avenue to the mansion 
 was nearly a mile long and sufficiently wide to 
 allow three coaches to drive abreast. Half-way 
 between the lodges and the house was a large 
 basin of water, similar to those in Kensington 
 Gardens and Bushey Park. The approach was so 
 contrived as to face the angle of two sides of the 
 1 Still to be seen. 
 
The House. 
 
 65 
 
 building, causing it to appear as one front from 
 the entrance gates. This illusion was heightened 
 by a turn given to the avenue before reaching 
 the mansion, this making, as it were, another 
 front appear, so that a person approaching 
 after following the contour of the avenue, saw 
 two fronts open to his view, whereas at first 
 he had seen but one. The visitor now found 
 himself at the east entrance, in front of a 
 large court which led to the salon and grand 
 staircase. To the left was another court, 
 leading to the back stairs, the latter as im- 
 portant as many so-called grand staircases. 
 The salon was supported by marble columns, and 
 decorated by Bellouchi, who also decorated the 
 ceiling of the grand staircase. The latter was 
 of marble, with steps in single blocks, some 
 twenty-two feet wide, and led to what were 
 termed the royal apartments, fronting the 
 parterre. The royal apartments consisted of a 
 saite of six noble rooms finely proportioned ; the 
 plastering and gilding by Pergotti. The ceilings 
 were painted by Paulocci, and the doors 1 were 
 fitted with gold or silver furniture. All the 
 rooms were upholstered in the most sumptuous 
 manner. From these apartments, the earl's 
 
 1 Probably silver gilt. 
 
 P 
 
66 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 dressing room and library were approached, the 
 latter facing the gardens. Here, another fine 
 staircase, painted by Laguerre, and balustraded 
 with wrought iron of a handsome design, de- 
 scended into a court (that opened into the great 
 area to the east), where the private chapel was 
 situated on the right hand side and the kitchens 
 on the left. The lower portion of the court 
 was occupied by commodious and well designed 
 stables. 
 
 The library was spacious, and was curiously 
 adorned with books and statues, and a finely 
 executed wood carving by Grinling Gibbons, repre- 
 senting " The stoning of Stephen." The chapel 
 was prettily and neatly designed (here again 
 Pergotti showed his skill in plaster and gilding) 
 and contained a handsome altar. In an alcove 
 above (the altar) was placed the organ by the 
 celebrated Jordans ; facing this, just over the 
 entrance gates to the chapel (from the court 
 alluded to), was a spacious gallery for the 
 Earl and his family, communicating by a door 
 with the apartments above. A staircase de- 
 scended from the gallery to the body of the 
 chapel, in order to allow members of the family 
 to approach the altar for the purposes of the 
 sacrament, or other rites. The windows were 
 
The House. 
 
 6 7 
 
 handsomely painted, the designs were taken from 
 the New Testament. 
 
 In the court that led to the east area was the 
 dining room, a spacious chamber containing a 
 handsome buffet, which displayed a service of 
 plate such as few sovereign princes could boast. 
 At the end of the room was a small chamber, 
 where the musicians performed both vocal and 
 instrumental music during the repasts of the 
 family and guests. 
 
 The parterre, which faced the west, was 
 separated from the grand avenue and great court, 
 (that led to the principal staircase) by a handsome 
 iron balustrade. A similar railing was also used 
 to separate, the mansion from the gardens on the 
 other side. The parterre was approached by a 
 long terrace walk which descended to it. On the 
 parterre was a row of gilded vases on pedestals, 
 down each side, so far as the great canal, where 
 it terminated. In the centre was a profusely 
 gilt statue of a gladiator, and the parterre was 
 further decorated by life-size statues. The canal 
 alluded to ran some distance through the grounds, 
 and is said to have been supplied with water from 
 springs at Stanmore, whence it was brought by 
 conduits. 
 
 The gardens were handsome and well stocked, 
 f 2 
 
68 
 
 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 and are stated to have been designed by the well- 
 known, but unfortunate, Alexander Blackwell. 
 Their beauty was also increased by their being 
 arranged in such a manner as to allow one to view 
 the whole of them at once. This was accom- 
 plished by using iron balustrading to form the 
 various divisions instead of walls or hedges. In the 
 kitchen garden were some curious glass bee-hives. 
 
 Neat dwellings for the Earl's body-guard were 
 at the end of the principal avenues. The body- 
 guard consisted of eight men, drafted from old 
 army sergeants in Chelsea Hospital, some of 
 whom mounted guard over the mansion and 
 grounds during the night, calling the hours and 
 state of the weather, as the London watchmen 
 used to do: On Sunday they preceded their 
 noble patron to church, as halberdiers. Among 
 the statues in the grounds were two, well known 
 to scarce old Londoners of our day. For scores of 
 years one of these graced, or disgraced, Leicester 
 Square, that once howling wilderness before its 
 improvement by Baron Grant ; viz., the statue 1 of 
 King George I., Chandos's royal and beneficent 
 
 1 Wrongly stated in a recent publication on 'Leicester 
 Square,' by John Holingshead, as having come from Canons, 
 the seat of the Earl of Burlington ! Also some query is ad- 
 vanced as to the date of its erection. The exact period will be 
 found later. 
 
Statues at Canons. 
 
 69 
 
 master. When in the park of Canons, it was hand- 
 somely gilt and awarded a prominent position. The 
 other is still to be seen in Golden Square, Regent 
 Street, and is that of his Majesty King George II. 
 For the Earl was privileged to live through four 
 reigns, viz., William and Mary, Anne, George I., 
 and George II., receiving favours at the hands 
 of the last three sovereigns, more perhaps from 
 those of the Georges, as testified by his raising 
 their statues in his grounds. 1 
 
 The foregoing description of the palace of 
 Canons is the most complete that has ap- 
 peared in print for nearly 170 years, although 
 not all that will be brought before the reader 
 on this interesting subject ; the remainder is 
 reserved until it shall appear in proper chrono- 
 logical sequence. 
 
 Though the Earl of Carnarvon had vacated 
 his appointment at the Pay Office, he was often 
 called upon to explain various unsettled matters 
 or cross references. A letter 1 sent on April 
 4th, 1715, to the Treasury shows the state of 
 the subsidies, and pay of the foreign troops, 
 
 1 Readers of this volume might perchance like to acquaint 
 themselves with the exact position and surroundings of Canons ; 
 a splendid photo relief map of North London, hy the Rev. E. 
 McClure, M.A., and H. E. Brion (S.P.C.K.,_London, price 6d.), 
 will meet all requirements. 
 
70 
 
 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 during the late war. In the preceding January, 
 a report 1 from Messrs. Foley and Harley, 
 Auditors of the Imprests, was presented on 
 the memorial of the Earl of Carnarvon, respecting 
 his payments to several regiments, on account of 
 their subsistence, clothing, pay, etc. The report 
 is minuted, 4 prepare a privy seal.' Accordingly, 
 on the 4th of the following July, Mr. Harley 
 furnished a further report 1 on the state of the Earl 
 of Carnarvon's accounts, relating to the Army 
 in Flanders during 1710, which also could not be 
 passed (or allowed) without a privy seal. Again, 
 on the 28th of the same month, another memorial 
 was received from the Earl, respecting a sum of 
 799 1. 12s. paid by a Mr. Whittingham for 
 recruits during 1708. The opinion expressed 
 was, that this amount should be allowed on the 
 paymaster's account of that year's land tax, then 
 devoted to army purposes. 
 
 On the 2nd of November 1 a minute was made 
 (on a document undated), termed the representa- 
 tion of Sir Bibye Lake, Bart., to the Lords of 
 the Treasury, in which he states that he paid into 
 the Exchequer 2257/. 4s. 10^., in part of 
 13,149L 10s. 7\d. owing to the Crown, from 
 Robert Peters, late Receiver- General of Taxes for 
 
 1 Kedington's Calendar of Treasury Papers. 
 
A Treasury Minute. 
 
 7i 
 
 Hertfordshire. This is endorsed : Send to Earl 
 Carnarvon and Sir Roger Mostyn, to know what 
 has become of the South Sea stock that was to 
 answer these assignments ; in case it appears to 
 be assigned to the trustees, then so much of the 
 stock to be sold as will discharge the assign- 
 ments, and, on the money being paid into the 
 Exchequer on Peters' account, a warrant may 
 then be issued for assigning the securities as 
 desired. 
 
 These documents reveal that there were many 
 matters unsettled in connection with the Earl's 
 late appointment of Paymaster- General to the 
 Forces abroad ; in fact, they were not concluded 
 until considerably later. 
 
CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 Further reports on the Earl's late accounts as Paymaster 
 — Applications for Privy Seals — Petition of Kobert 
 King re Peters — Copy of a Privy Seal for allowing cer- 
 tain accounts of the Earl whilst Paymaster — Gildon's 
 poem, termed "Canons, or the Vision," dedicated to 
 the Earl — The Earl still in favour at Court — Elected 
 Governor of the Turkey Company — Some particulars of 
 the Company. 
 
 During the year 1716, the Earl of Carnarvon was 
 fully occupied with the various matters in con- 
 nection with his mansion at Canons, then in the 
 early stages of erection. 
 
 Mr. Auditor Harley 1 presented to the Lords of 
 the Treasury, on June 4th, 1716, a report on the 
 accounts of the Right Hon. James, Earl of Car- 
 narvon, late Paymaster-General of the Forces in 
 Spain and Portugal, for the years 1710-11. Har- 
 ley expresses an opinion in the report, that 
 Privy Seals were necessary for allowing the fol- 
 lowing expenditures : — 
 
 £ 8. d. 
 
 To the German and Italian Forces serving 
 
 in Spain during 1710 .... 205,320 16 2 
 To the same for 1711 238,096 6 0 
 
 1 Redington's Calendar of Treasury Papers. 
 
♦ 
 
 Mr. Auditor Harley's Report. 73 
 
 
 £ 
 
 s. 
 
 d. 
 
 To Prince Eugene of Savoy in 1710 . . 
 
 4,047 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 To Count Gallosa in 1711 . 
 
 4,047 
 
 12 
 
 
 To the Portuguese troops in Catalonia, 1710 
 
 103,100 
 
 10 
 
 0 
 
 To the Palatine troops in Catalonia, 1709-11 
 
 41,000 
 
 15 
 
 0 
 
 Ditto on account of extras .... 
 
 2,009 
 
 17 
 
 8 
 
 To the regiment of Grisons .... 
 
 12,527 
 
 19 
 
 0 
 
 For subsisting a Spanish regiment of Foot, 
 
 
 
 
 and two troops of Horse, serving in 
 
 
 
 
 Alicante during 1708 .... 
 
 15,277 
 
 6 
 
 10* 
 
 To the regiment of Horse commanded hy 
 
 
 
 
 Major- General Hogan and Sir Daniel 
 
 
 
 
 Carroll, respectively .... 
 
 16,267 
 
 12 
 
 1 
 
 For another commanded by the Marquis 
 
 
 
 
 D'Orsa 
 
 19,386 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 To the Spanish regiment of Foot raised in 
 
 
 
 
 Spain by the Earl of Galway 
 
 3,623 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 
 To Antonio Bellotiges and Joseph Louisa 
 
 
 
 
 & Co. for supplying the Army in Spain 
 
 
 
 
 with draughts, and mule carriage for 
 
 
 
 
 Bread and Artillery trains, 1710. 
 
 109,321 
 
 13 
 
 QS 
 y 4 
 
 To his Imperial Majesty on account of his 
 
 
 
 
 subsidy as King of Spain for 1710 
 
 112,042 
 
 9 
 
 * 2 
 
 And for 1711 
 
 37,970 
 
 19 
 
 
 To the King of Portugal for maintaining 
 
 
 
 
 13,000 men for the year 1710 
 
 150,000 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 For the year 1711 ..... 
 
 110,000 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 And some smaller items not worth giving in 
 detail. This document is minuted, ' warrants to 
 be prepared.' 1 
 
 1 There is some doubt as to whether the above accounts had 
 not been brought up before Lord Wharton (when Privy Seal, 
 1714-15), who absolutely refused to seal them, whereupon they 
 were adjourned. Upon his death, in 1715, they were again 
 
74 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 Apropos to the matter mentioned in the last 
 chapter re Peters, the following allusion is made 
 in the Treasury papers 1 for this year, 1716, and 
 appears under the form of a petition from Eobert 
 King (one of the sureties for Peters) to the House 
 of Commons. The petition recites that he had laid 
 his case, by several petitions, before the Lords of 
 the Treasury, and thinks it very hard that he 
 should be proceeded against by the Crown, hav- 
 ing paid 2257/. 14s. 10\d. into the Exchequer. 
 Likewise that the Crown had received 
 3007/. lis. Bd. f deposited in the Earl of Carnar- 
 von's hands to pay the debt, and could receive the 
 balance from Sir Eobert Mostyn's office when 
 the Lords of the Treasury order it to be paid. 
 
 The foregoing appears to refer to some 
 irregularities in connection with the office of 
 Eeceiver of Taxes for the County of Hertford. 
 The guarantors of that official were called upon 
 to make good certain misapplications by Peters. 
 
 laid before the new Lord Privy Seal, who, with the consent of 
 the Treasury, finally passed them. These accounts were for 
 the pay, etc., of the troops in Spain and Portugal, where it was 
 impossible to procure such vouchers as the then course of the 
 Exchequer required. But whether the figures were the same 
 as previously recorded, cannot be proved with any certainty, 
 though, after considering the matter carefully, the presumption 
 is that they were. 
 
 1 Eedington's Calendar of Treasury Papers. 
 
A Sign Manual. 
 
 75 
 
 The sum of 3000Z., said to be in the hands of the 
 Earl of Carnarvon, may relate to the South Sea 
 stock alluded to in a previous chapter, though 
 it is not definitely stated. 
 
 Early in the year, 1717, application was again 
 made for privy seals relative to the accounts of 
 Earl of Carnarvon, when paymaster. To further 
 these, a Sign Manual, dated April 12th, 1717, 
 was issued, which ran as follows : — 
 
 " George R. 1 
 
 " Whereas we are given to understand, 
 that although the accounts of our right trusty 
 and well-beloved cousin, James Earl of Carnar- 
 von, for the time he continued Paymaster of the 
 Forces acting in conjunction with the Allies, have 
 been lately passed ; yet by reason or neglect, 2 the 
 several sums of money paid by him, which are 
 hereunder particularized, and which were for 
 services of the late war, have not been allowed 
 him thereupon. 
 
 " Our will and pleasure therefore is, and we do 
 hereby direct, authorize, and command, that in 
 future accounts which the said earl shall or may 
 render to you, or either of you, whilst he was 
 
 1 From an original document in the Musgrave Collection, of 
 MSS. relating to the Naval and Military affairs of the kingdom. 
 
 2 Should be 1 of neglect.' 
 
76 
 
 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 paymaster of the said forces, to give allowance of 
 the several sums following. Provided the pay- 
 ment of the said several sums do appear to you 
 to be well and sufficiently vouched, and that no 
 allowance of the said sums, or any part or parcel 
 thereof, hath been before given to the said earl, 
 upon any of his accounts already passed. That 
 is to say — here follow 48 items amounting to 
 1 5,921Z. 19s. 10fd. Taking care to make proper 
 certificate hereupon to the Commissioners for 
 stating the Debts of the Army. And for so 
 doing, this shall be to you, or either of you, a 
 sufficient warrant. 
 
 " Given at our Court of St. James. The 
 twelfth day of April, 1717. 
 
 " To our trusty and well-beloved Edward 
 Harley and Thomas Foley, Auditors of our 
 Imprests, and to all others it may concern." 
 
 The day preceding the issue of this Sign 
 Manual, the auditors above named made a further 
 report 1 to the Lords of the Treasury on the 
 memorial of the Right Honourable James Earl 
 of Carnarvon, upon the state, thereunto annexed, 
 of several demands on the public, for pay, forage, 
 mule money, and other services due to the 
 general officers and others remaining unsatisfied. 
 1 Redington's Calendar of Treasury Papers. 
 
Gildon's Poem 'Canons.' 
 
 77 
 
 These claims accrued when Mr. Brydges was 
 Paymaster-General of the Forces. The amount 
 demanded was 6499Z. 10s. %\d. 9 part of which, 
 2537Z. 18s. 6fcZ., was for extraordinaries to 
 foreign troops who served in Flanders, and for 
 which no proofs had been produced. The 
 balance was for other services during the same 
 campaign. The report is not endorsed with any 
 result of the treasurers' deliberations ; apparently 
 quite unnecessary, or possibly included in the 
 items, by issue of the Sign Manual. 
 
 Grildon dedicated a poem, entitled " Canons, or 
 the Vision," to the Eight Hon. James Earl of 
 Carnarvon about this time. "Why the poem was 
 given this appellation it is hard to tell, nor does 
 the preface assist in the elucidation of the 
 matter. The preface consists of some ten pages, 
 but no reference is made to the subject of the 
 poem ; nor is it possible to glean much informa- 
 tion from the introduction in verse, beginning as 
 follows : — 
 
 " While other arts, tho' of less rich a vein, 
 From your large soul a just regard obtain, 
 1 Bright Pcpans son's presume you'll not refuse 
 The nobler tribute of the Heaven-born muse." 
 
 And so on through four pages, when the poem 
 
 itself opens thus : 
 
 1 The meaning of this line is not clear in the original. 
 
78 
 
 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 " Tired with the nauseous follies of the age, 
 That busy fools and knaves so much engage, 
 The thoughtless town I leave for shady groves, 
 The ancient seat of true and harmless love." 
 
 The author then indulges in mythological 
 rhapsodies for a score of pages, seemingly for- 
 getting the title of his work. In fact, the only 
 allusion made to Canons occurs in the following 
 lines, intimating that the gods and goddesses had 
 selected the site for the mansion : — 
 
 " Of chosen ' Canons,' with its groves and bowers, 
 Its verdant lawns, its dales and gentle hills, 
 Its standing lakes, and all its murmuring rills, 
 Its sunny banks, and every shady glade, 
 By consecrating hymns is sacred made." 
 
 This is enough to enable the reader to form 
 an idea of the whole, without the infliction of 
 a verbatim copy. The price of this effusion was 
 certainly not prohibitive. 1 The poem contained 
 almost the first allusion in verse to the noble 
 Earl or to Canons : but such masters of verse 
 as Pope and Young afterwards gave the Earl 
 and his notable residence some attention. So 
 closed the year 1717, not an eventful one for 
 the Earl by any means, except that he managed 
 to keep in good odour at Court. 
 
 1 Published by J. Koberts, Warwick Lane, E.C. Price one 
 shilling. 
 
Governor of the Turkey Company. 79 
 
 During February, 1718, the Earl of Carnarvon 
 was unanimously elected Governor of the Turkey 
 Company, in place of Sir Eichard Onslow. The 
 Earl's family connection had something to do with 
 this appointment, as it has already been noticed 
 that his father had been at one time the 
 Company's Ambassador at the Porte; and the 
 Earl's grandfather, on his mother's side, was 
 a Turkey merchant of repute. The Turkey 
 Company was originally established by Eoyal 
 Charter, made perpetual by King James I., 
 in 1605. It was not a joint stock company, 
 like the East India, Greenland, and other really 
 bond-fide monopolies, but merely a trading 
 Company, under certain regulations for its 
 management; nor were its members limited to 
 place, or number, the membership being open 
 to any subject of the realm free of the 
 Company. The members on joining were sup- 
 posed to contribute such proportionable sums 
 as were necessary for the protection of the Com- 
 pany's trade. For many years, the Company was 
 exempt from all monopolizing principles; any 
 man paying a small fixed fee was admitted a 
 member, and was then at liberty to trade to the 
 Levant on his own account. The affairs of this 
 corporation were managed by a governor and 
 
So 
 
 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 court of directors, for whose election every mem- 
 ber, who had paid forty shillings Customs' duty 
 the previous year, was entitled to vote, as well 
 as upon all material questions concerning the 
 Company. Their Charter empowered them to 
 raise taxes from members ; a privilege they exer- 
 cised with great care. Nor did they permit their 
 ambassadors and consuls abroad to levy arbitrary 
 imposts on their trading members ; the Com- 
 pany taxed the latter themselves, for necessary 
 expenses, in furthering or protecting their com- 
 merce. Power was also given by their letters 
 patent, with the approval of the Board of Trade, 
 for the making of bye-laws for their own guid- 
 ance. In fact, for a number of years, so good was 
 their foundation and government, that an old 
 authority states, " It has always been generously 
 spoken of in opposition to others ; being founded 
 upon the inestimable liberty of trade, it prospered 
 accordingly, and was extremely valuable to the 
 Nation." The membership, about this period, 
 consisted of some 800 merchants and others, 
 residing in various parts of the kingdom and the 
 Levant; the calling of Turkey merchant was 
 then one of the most respectable for opulence 
 and repute in the commercial world. The com- 
 pany also possessed a fleet of twenty ships 
 
Edward Wortley Montague. 8i 
 
 armed with twenty-five or thirty guns each, 
 trading to various ports in the Mediterranean. 
 Besides appointing and paying an ambassador, 
 secretary, physician, and consul to the ports, they 
 had consuls, agents, dragomen, etc., at Smyrna, 
 Aleppo, Alexandria, Algiers, Patmos, and other 
 towns, at a cost of 15,000?. per annum. Two 
 years before the Earl of Carnarvon's appointment 
 as Governor, the Company had sent, as their 
 ambassador to Constantinople, Edward "Wortley 
 Montague, Esq., husband of the celebrated Lady 
 Mary Wortley Montague. The foregoing is a 
 brief resume of the constitution and character of 
 the Corporation, in the management of which the 
 Earl was elected to take an important part. 
 
 G 
 
CHAPTER IX. 
 
 The Earl retains a staff of musicians at Canons — Dr. Pepusch 
 first chapel-master there — Succeeded by Handel — 
 Handel's compositions for the Earl — The Earl's private 
 chapel, and Parish Church of Stanmore Parva — Anecdotes 
 of Handel — Alleged harsh measures hy the Turkey Com- 
 pany — The Earl purchases ground in Albemarle Street — 
 Further honours showered on the Earl— Created Marquis 
 of Carnarvon and Duke of Chandos. 
 
 The Earl, anxious to accomplish his desire to live 
 in regal style, decided that the service in his 
 private chapel should be worthy of its surround- 
 ings. He therefore retained at Canons a staff of 
 the best vocal and instrumental artists. These 
 were first placed under the direction of the 
 celebrated Dr. John Christopher Pepusch, who 
 was appointed Choir-master by the Earl, shortly 
 after the Chapel was ready to be used for 
 divine service. The decorations and other em- 
 bellishments were not completed till later. The 
 learned doctor retained his. post for a short time, 
 during which he composed the Morning and 
 Evening Services, likewise a very fine Magnificat, 
 and several anthems. But, for all this, the Earl 
 
Handel. 
 
 83 
 
 was not content, desiring even greater things 
 than the doctor could accomplish. At that 
 time, George Frederic Handel was considered 
 the greatest of composers, and had just been 
 restored to court-favour by the influence of 
 Handel's noble patron, the Earl of Burlington. 
 Earl Carnarvon, therefore, determined that 
 Handel should become the director of his music at 
 Canons, and he was so appointed in 1718. Some 
 chroniclers of Handel's career doubt whether he 
 was employed by the Earl as a mere adjunct to 
 the grandeur of Canons, or from motives of a 
 superior kind. Sir John Hawkins, in his History 
 of Music, considers it possible that the vocal and 
 instrumental music, daily performed at Canons 
 under Handel's direction, was superior in ex- 
 cellence to that enjoyed by any sovereign prince 
 in Europe. This assertion is undoubtedly correct, 
 judging from the still recognized merits of 
 Handel's compositions. During Handel's sojourn 
 at Canons (nearly two years), he composed for 
 his noble patron several anthems, of which the 
 best known are, I will magnify thee; Let God 
 arise! Have mercy on me; 0 come, let us sing; 
 Sing unto the Lord ; My song shall be always ; 
 As pants the hart ; The Lord is my light ; In the 
 Lord put I my trust ; 0 praise the Lord with one 
 
 g 2 
 
84 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 Consent; 0 praise the Lord, ye angels; also 
 other pieces, amongst them a fine Te Deum. 
 The latter is noticed in a curious MS. 1 note- 
 book, kept by Mr. Humfrey Wanley, librarian, 
 etc., to the Earl of Oxford, under the date of 
 May 15th, 1721. " Mr. Kaeyscht (at the Duke 
 of Chandos') has kindly promised to lend me the 
 score of Mr. Handel's Te Deum, being his second, 
 which he composed for the Duke of Chandos, 
 who can likewise procure the scores of all his 
 services and anthems." 
 
 Handel composed his Oratorio of Esther whilst 
 in the Earl's service ; it is said to have been 
 composed upon the organ in the parish church of 
 St. Lawrence, Whitchurch. This may be correct, 
 for Handel is stated to have been the organist 
 at Whitchurch (though at this period — 1718 — 
 the Church was not ready for divine worship). 
 The Church was opened August, 1720, and the 
 previous fact confirms the existence of a private 
 chapel at Canons. Among the vocal performers 
 who assisted in rendering the Oratorio of 
 Esther, were Dr. Randall of Cambridge, and 
 Messrs. Brand and Savage, who, as boys, sang 
 in the Chorus. The Earl, as a mark of his 
 appreciation of the Oratorio, is stated to have 
 1 Strawberry Hill Collection. 
 
Handel. 
 
 85 
 
 presented Handel with one thousand pounds. 
 Though now fully appreciated, Handel, even 
 when in the zenith of his fame, was not so 
 popular then as he is to-day. This assertion 
 may appear somewhat paradoxical, but the fact 
 is beyond doubt, and the assertion is borne out 
 by the following anecdote. While conducting 
 a morning concert at Leicester House — then 
 the residence of the widowed Princess of Wales, 
 to whose daughters he was music master, 
 when George III. was about four years of 
 age — Handel was so struck with the attention 
 the royal child paid to the music, that he ex- 
 claimed to the performers about him, " If that 
 young prince should live to ascend the throne, 
 then will be the era of Handel's glory." No 
 one will venture to say that his prophecy did not 
 find fulfilment. Previous to this the following 
 circumstance, which reveals the nervousness 
 or irritability of the great composer, occurred. 
 Though outwardly of an uncouth and robust 
 appearance, he suffered so much that he could 
 not bear to hear the tuning of musical instru- 
 ments ; this was therefore always done before his 
 arrival in the orchestra. A musical wag, know- 
 ing his failing, and wanting a laugh at Handel's 
 expense, managed to gain access to the instru- 
 
86 
 
 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 ments after the musicians having tuned, had left 
 them for a few minutes, at a performance when 
 H.R.H. the Prince of Wales was to be pre- 
 sent, and unstrung them a half note or so lower 
 than the organ. On the arrival of the prince, 
 Handel gave the signal for the commencement of 
 the Oratorio, cum spirito, whereon a terrible 
 discord ensued. The enraged Conductor started 
 from his seat, overturning a double bass viol 
 which stood in his way, seized hold of a kettle- 
 drum, and threw it with such force at the head 
 of the leader of the band, that he lost his full- 
 bottomed wig with the exertion. Without stopping 
 to replace his wig, Handel strode to the front of 
 the orchestra, muttering vengeance, but so much 
 choked with choler, that distinct utterance was 
 denied him. In this ridiculous situation he stood 
 stamping and staring wildly about him for some 
 moments, whereat the whole audience was con- 
 vulsed with laughter, nor could he be prevailed 
 upon to resume his duties, until the prince went to 
 him and with great difficulty appeased his wrath. 
 
 The Earl of Carnarvon, having accepted the 
 G-overnorship of the Turkey Company, found 
 several grievances, in the form of departures 
 from its original proceedings, requiring adjust- 
 ment. The principal grievance was the imitating 
 
The Turkey Company. 
 
 87 
 
 of exclusive corporations who traded upon joint 
 stock, without proper authority from Parliament 
 by additional powers to their charter, and usurping 
 this power by interdicting all trade in general to 
 Turkey, insomuch that, for thirteen months — circa 
 1717 — they had not suffered any woollen manu- 
 factures to be exported, Any of their members 
 attempting to trade contrary to this prohibition, 
 was mulcted in a fine of 20 per cent, duty upon 
 his cloth, exacted and levied abroad, where no 
 remedy could be obtained by this unfortunate 
 trader. This procedure was such as no com- 
 pany, established by Parliament or Charter, had 
 ventured to adopt, and the enactment appears all 
 the more arbitrary when it is considered that the 
 chief export to the Levant was cloth, of which 
 commodity none had been permitted to be shipped 
 there for thirteen months, with a possibility of its 
 being restrained for another six, thus allowing 
 an advantage to accrue to other nations who 
 supplied the requirements of that market, and 
 thereby carried away a large proportion of a 
 staple industry of great consequence to this 
 country. This was a somewhat complex matter 
 for the Earl to handle. He, however, appears 
 to have used his best endeavours to bring about 
 an equitable arrangement. 
 
88 
 
 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 The Turkey Company also enjoyed a portion 
 of the raw silk trade, as we see by the follow- 
 ing extract from the " British Gazetteer " for 
 July 19th, 1718 : " The Turkey Compauy have 
 received advice of their ships the Dulce of 
 Cambridge and the Dolphin, as having arrived 
 in the Downs, having on board 900 bales of 
 silk." 
 
 During the year 1718, the Earl of Carnarvon 
 received further proofs of his Majesty's favour, 
 being nominated Master of the Horse in suc- 
 cession to Colonel Negus. 
 
 The Earl took steps at this period towards 
 acquiring a town residence, more suitable for 
 the owner of such a sumptuous edifice as Canons. 
 To this end he first decided on rebuilding 
 and enlarging his house in Albemarle Street, 
 and accordingly purchased the ground of his 
 own residence, and that of his late neighbour, 
 Sir William Wyndham. However, as he pro- 
 ceeded with this intention, he developed more 
 extravagant and magnificent ideas than the 
 space in Albemarle Street permitted him to 
 carry out. The site eventually selected will be 
 dealt with in a subsequent chapter. 
 
 Although the Earl was supposed to have 
 largely enriched himself during his tenure of 
 
Royal and Public Favour. 
 
 89 
 
 office as Paymaster, few, with such allegations 
 against him, even though legally unproved, have 
 ever enjoyed royal and public favour in so 
 marked a degree as this nobleman, for a period 
 extending over nearly three entire reigns. One 
 of the highest proofs of the royal favour was 
 the creation of the Earl, Marquis of Carnarvon 
 and Duke of Chandos, April, 1719. The official 
 announcement occurs in the London Gazette, No. 
 5742, and is incorrect by stating that the latter 
 dignity was in the county of Hertford — Hereford 
 being intended. As regards the noble peer's 
 continuance in public esteem, no doubt his 
 personal affability and generosity stood him in 
 better stead with the masses than any amount 
 of latter-day whitewashing would do. Another 
 circumstance worthy of mention occurred on 
 the 19th February, 1718. To Captain Henry 
 Rodney, of Walton-on-Thames, a son was born, 
 for whom he obtained permission of his Majesty 
 King George L, with that of the Earl of Car- 
 narvon, to name George, after the first, and 
 Brydges after the latter. This favour Captain 
 Rodney was in a better position than many to 
 ask, being Commander of the royal yacht, which 
 frequently conveyed his Majesty, attended by 
 the Earl of Carnarvon, to or from Hanover. 
 
90 
 
 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 The infant thus honoured with royal and noble 
 sponsors, went at an early age to Harrow 
 School, 1 where his noble godfather, the Earl, 
 had influence, being some time treasurer, or 
 one of its governors. He left school to enter 
 the Royal Navy at the age of twelve. This 
 youth became later the first Lord Rodney, one 
 of England's greatest naval heroes. 
 
 1 The Duke of Chandos' first connection with Harrow School 
 was in 1713 ; when he was elected a Governor, in place of a 
 relation. He is credited with having introduced business 
 acumen and energy into the deliberations of that body ; as 
 well as ably seconding Mr. Brian the head master's labours, 
 to raise the status of the school. Success crowned their 
 efforts. From about 1721-1731, the Duke was acting trustee 
 of the school estate. His connection with the affairs of the 
 school did not cease till after 1740. 
 
CHAPTER X. 
 
 The Earl of Carnarvon takes his seat in the House as Duke of 
 Chandos — Purchases the lease of the Duke of Ormonde's 
 house in St. James's Square — Death of his Grace's mother 
 — The Duke builds a yacht— Contemplates additions to 
 Canons — Erects and presents a house at Stanmore to 
 Colonel Dobbins — The Duke's relatives — Brydges and 
 Chandos Streets, W.C. 
 
 The Earl of Carnarvon haying been " gazetted " 
 Duke of Chandos, only one other ceremony was 
 necessary for him to become entitled to all 
 privileges of his new rank. This was taking the 
 oath and his seat in the Lords. According to 
 the journals 1 of that time the Duke presented him- 
 self in his robes, introduced by their Graces of 
 Buckingham and Montague, with the usual 
 official attendance of Black Rod, Garter Kiug 
 at Arms, and Lord Willoughby d'Eresby, who 
 officiated in the absence of the Lord Great 
 Chamberlain. His Grace of Chandos having 
 concluded the usual formalities, was placed on 
 the upper end of the Earls' bench. Hereafter 
 the Duke will be called by his new title, by 
 
 1 Vol. xxi. 
 
92 
 
 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 which he is much better known to latter-day 
 students and readers of history than as either the 
 Honourable James Brydges or Earl of Carnarvon. 
 The latter title was borne for many generations 
 by the Dormer family, till within a few years of 
 its being conferred on Mr. Brydges. Later, the 
 title of Duke became enlarged upon by his 
 compeers and the populace, who, to indicate 
 their perception of his munificence, prefixed 
 "Grand" or " Princely" to his ducal title. 
 
 The Duke's intention of building a new man- 
 sion in Albemarle Street was not carried out. 
 Having heard that the exiled Duke of Ormonde's 
 town house in St. James's Square had been sold 
 by the Commissioners of Inquiry to a Mr. 
 Hacket, an Irish attorney, for 76001., he at once 
 instituted inquiries concerning it, with the result 
 that his Grace is mentioned as treating for its 
 purchase during May, 1719. 
 
 Lady Chandos, who had lived to see her son 
 attain the highest dignity in the peerage, was, on 
 the 23rd of May, 1719, taken dangerously ill at 
 her residence in Chapel Street, Westminster. 
 This illness, combined with her advanced age, 
 eighty years, caused much anxiety to her 
 relatives. Their fears were well founded ; 
 she died on the 30th of that month. By 
 
Death of Lady Chandos. 
 
 93 
 
 her death, an estate of 4000/. per annum 
 passed to the Duke of Chandos. Lady Chandos 
 is said to have told her family, on her death- 
 bed, that she had little else to leave them 
 ' except her blessing,' commending them to the 
 care of their brother, the Duke. After the 
 lying in state, then customary — a funeral in 
 high life being a most elaborate and costly 
 matter — her remains were taken by night into 
 Herefordshire, and interred with other members 
 of the Brydges family. 
 
 Soon after this event, his Grace concluded the 
 purchase of the Duke of Ormonde's house in St. 
 James's Square, but, before taking up his abode 
 there, he had extensive structural alterations, as 
 well as decorative repairs made. 
 
 The Duke of Chandos, true to those prin- 
 ciples of magnificence which guided his life, 
 built a yacht, a luxury which in those times 
 very few noblemen possessed. The yacht was 
 built at Greenwich, and thither he proceeded 
 on Thursday, July 2nd, 1719, to witness its 
 launching. It was christened the Chandos, and 
 in honour of the event, the Duke gave a sum of 
 200Z. to be distributed among the workmen. It is 
 probable that the latest acquisition of his Grace 
 was made rather for ostentation than for any 
 
94 
 
 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 real purpose, as no trace is to be found of the 
 Duke's maritime exploits. 
 
 The Turkey Company received information, 
 in July, 1719, of the capture by Spanish priva- 
 teers, in the Straits of Gibraltar, of their ship 
 the Phcenix, Captain Pallow, laden with raw 
 hides, silk, and other commodities. This was 
 one of the chances of war, a loss the more un- 
 fortunate, as the Company was in the bad graces 
 of the trading community just then. 
 
 Canons, upon which large sums had been 
 spent, was still unfinished in some respects, 
 as we find by a notice in the Weekly Journal, 
 August 18th, 1719, that " about a hundred 
 tons of Portland stone was sent from London 
 to Canons, to be used in the building of that 
 structure." The Duke was maturing further 
 plans for adding to the grandeur of his costly 
 seat, having ground marked out for additions 
 to its already fine porportions. Nor were the 
 grounds forgotten by his Grace, who purposed 
 taking in a mile of the by-road from Edgware to 
 Bushey, for the purpose of cutting a fine canal. 
 A Colonel Dobbins was of great service to 
 the Duke in many of his transactions con- 
 cerning Canons. Here again his Grace showed 
 his appreciation of the axiom which he had 
 
Colonel Dobbins' House. 
 
 95 
 
 hitherto so well upheld, 'Noblesse oblige,' for he 
 erected and presented to the gallant Colonel a 
 large house at Stanmore, as an acknowledgment 
 of the trouble he had taken in his Grace's be- 
 half. 
 
 That the Duke still continued to reside in 
 Albemarle Street, when in town, is shown by a 
 communication he made to the Treasury from 
 thence, dated the 21st August, 1719, in con- 
 nection with his late office of Paymaster, con- 
 cerning some coals or accounts delivered to the 
 garrison at Gibraltar. 
 
 His Grace of Chandos was the eldest of a 
 family of twenty-two, though only seven sur- 
 vived infancy. These, on marrying, naturally 
 extended the collateral branches of the Chandos 
 family. Thus a Chronicle of those days states, 
 'that Lieut.-Colonel Jacobs, nephew of the 
 Duke of Chandos, of Lord Hinchingbroke's 
 regiment, has orders to sell his commission to 
 Colonel Price,' though the reason for this com- 
 mand is not given ; nor does the following, which 
 appeared a week later, assist one in the elucida- 
 tion, that Mr. Jacobs, nephew of the Duke of 
 Chandos, and brother of Colonel Jacobs, is 
 removed from his place of Deputy Comp- 
 troller at the Excise Office, and succeeded by 
 
9 6 
 
 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 Mr. Hinman, a clerk in the same office, then 
 receiving 801. per annnm. "Whatever may have 
 been the canse of these removals, they had no 
 influence whatever upon public feeling towards 
 the Duke, who, daring August of this year, was 
 elected one of the Governors of Christ's 
 Hospital. 
 
 Although the Duke was certainly the most 
 noted member of his family that had lived 
 for some generations, neither Chandos nor 
 Brydges Streets, in the west central district, 
 are named after him, though Chandos Street, 
 Cavendish Square, W., is. Chandos Street, W.C. 
 was made circa 1637, and named after his an- 
 cestor William, Lord Chandos. Brydges Street, 
 came into existence later (circa 1654) and is called 
 after George Brydges, Lord Chandos. Another 
 member of the family received a yet more regal 
 affix than the subject of these pages, viz., Grey, 
 fifth Lord Chandos, who from his magnificence 
 was termed the " King of Cotswold." During 
 the career of this nobleman the family Manor 
 and Castle of Sudeley were at their best ; but 
 these possessions passed away from the family 
 in the third generation from the fifth Lord 
 Chandos. 
 
CHAPTER XI. 
 
 The Duke of Chandos and the New Mississippi Scheme — A 
 short account of the undertaking — Anecdotes concerning 
 Law and others — Matters relating to the Turkey Company 
 — The Duke of Chandos attacked by highwaymen whilst 
 coming to town from Canons. 
 
 His Grace of Chandos, though spending large 
 sums in land-purchasing and building at this 
 time, appears to have had ample means at com- 
 mand, enabling him to indulge in other schemes. 
 He entered early into the affairs of the French 
 Mississippi Company, and it is recorded 1 that, up 
 to September of 1719, he had made 300,000Z. by 
 speculating in its stock. His Grace's agent for 
 this matter was Mr. Moses Hart, who appears 
 to have had good fortune himself, as he was 
 then building a stately mansion at Tsleworth 
 (Thistleworth) . The Mississippi Company, which 
 found many supporters in England, and had as 
 baneful an effect upon the people of France as the 
 South Sea Scheme on the inhabitants of these 
 islands, was contemporary with the latter pro- 
 1 Original Weekly Journal, 1719. 
 
 H 
 
98 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 ject. The French undertaking, however, was 
 originated by a Scotchman, named John Law, 
 of Lauriston. Law went to Paris in 1715, 
 and procured an introduction to the Duke of 
 Orleans, Regent during the minority of Louis 
 XV. The Regent, being fond of men of vivacity 
 and wit, was much pleased with Mr. Law, who 
 possessed these qualities in a marked degree, 
 and who was admitted soon after to the Coun- 
 cil of the Regent. At this period France was 
 groaning under the weight of debt incurred 
 by the wars of the Great Monarch Louis XIV., 
 which pressed heavily on all the community; 
 the onerous taxes almost annihilating commercial 
 industries. In fact, commerce and navigation 
 had all but ceased to exist, merohants and 
 traders were reduced to destitution, whilst the 
 artisan was compelled to seek employment 
 abroad. As a remedy for this deplorable con- 
 dition of affairs, it was proposed to the Regent, 
 to expunge at once all debts owing to the State 
 by a National Bankruptcy. To this measure 
 he had the good sense to object, though he 
 gave countenance to a Commission, called the 
 Visa, for examining into the claims of State 
 creditors. Prior to the Committee being ap- 
 pointed, Mr. Law had approached the Regent 
 
John Law. 
 
 99 
 
 with a scheme for remedying the state of 
 affairs, by establishing a bank for issuing notes 
 secured by landed property, as well as the 
 whole of the Royal revenue ; but the scheme 
 was rejected. Mr. Law, nothing daunted, 
 solicited and obtained letters patent, dated the 
 2nd and 21st of May, 1716, for establishing a 
 private bank in Paris. The preamble in the 
 charter of the 2nd May, however, recites the 
 proposition orginally made to the Regent as 
 regards the establishment of a Royal Bank. 
 The capital for the bank of Law's, subscribed by 
 him, his brother and a few friends, consisted 
 of 1200 shares of 5000 livres each, i.e. about 
 250/. per share, thus forming an aggregate 
 capital of 300,000Z. sterling. The title adopted 
 was "The General Bank of Law & Co.," 
 which entered on its business under very 
 favourable auspices, with high patronage and 
 credit. The bank continued till the 4th of 
 December, 1718, when the Regent, having 
 noticed the advantages enjoyed by Law's Bank, 
 whose paper the people were not adverse to 
 accept, resolved to take the business into the 
 hands of the Crown ; a resolution but little 
 relished by the astute Law and his associates. 
 The public were informed that the Crown had 
 
 h 2 
 
ioo The Princely Chandos. 
 
 taken over Law's Bank, by paying out its pro- 
 prietors, and becoming answerable for their 
 outstanding notes (amounting to fifty-nine mil- 
 lions of livres). The title was then altered to that 
 of the " Royal Bank," and Mr. Law was made 
 Director-G-eneral. Shortly after, branches were 
 opened at Lyons, La Rochelle, Tours, Orleans, 
 and Amiens. The bank, under Royal auspices, 
 departed from the principles of commercial 
 credit that Mr. Law had fixed on in his under- 
 taking, and proceeded on the lines of public 
 credit to further add to this evil, the tenour of 
 the notes was altered to "Payment at sight 
 in silver coin." Mr. Law strenuously, but 
 unavailingly, opposed the alteration. In the 
 February of 1720, the Royal Bank became 
 incorporated with " The Company of the Indies," 
 or Mississippi Scheme, from which period to the 
 May following no less than 1,906,400,000 livres 
 were issued in paper, making with the fifty-nine 
 millions it was liable for (issued by Law's 
 General Bank) a total 2,696,000,000 livres. Of 
 this extraordinary sum, 2,235,000,000 livres were 
 in circulation when the bank stopped payment on 
 the 29th May, 1720. This hastened the down- 
 fall of the Mississippi Scheme, a project formed 
 by Mr. Law soon after the establishment of his 
 
The Mississippi Scheme. ioi 
 
 General Bank, and for awhile turned the heads 
 of the people of France 9 as well as attracted 
 the eyes of all Europe. Had this immense 
 project been carried out in entirety, it would 
 have placed France at a great advantage over 
 all other States. By the Scheme it was pro- 
 posed to vest the whole possessions, effects, 
 and privileges of all the great trading com- 
 panies, the farms, profits of the coinage, the 
 Royal and Government revenues, and the property 
 of the bank, in one powerful corporation, which, 
 having all the product of their affairs in its 
 hands, could have multiplied the circulation of 
 the paper currency to any desired extent. The 
 principle of this stupendous undertaking having 
 been approved by the Regent, steps for its estab- 
 lishment were taken, and letters patent granted, 
 during August, 1717. In these, the Corporation 
 was termed the Company of the West, and 
 granted the province of Louisiana, or the country 
 situate on the Mississippi. Its first issue was 
 200,000 shares of 500 livres each, payable in 
 ' billets d'etat,' at their face value. These were 
 at a great discount at this period, owing to the 
 irregular payments of interest, in fact so much so 
 that 500 livres ' billets ' were worth little more than 
 150 livres in the open market, so that accepting 
 
102 
 
 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 these at par was like effecting a loan to the 
 Government of some 100,000,000 livres. Further 
 issues of capital were made by the Company as its 
 operations increased. The covetousness gene- 
 rated by the prospect of gain, through the 
 operations of this Company was such as no 
 nation had witnessed hitherto, and stimulated an 
 excitement almost amounting to frenzy. The 
 excitement prevailed to such an extent, that the 
 whole four estates of the realm turned stock- 
 jobbers, ultimately outbidding each other with 
 such avidity, as to raise the price of the stock in 
 November, 1717 — (the month in which his Grace 
 of Chandos is reported to have made a large 
 sum by its sale) to 10,000 livres a 500 livres 
 action (share). These purchases and sales of 
 stock were first carried on in the Rue Quincam- 
 poix, to the great profit of the house owners there, 
 until the space became too circumscribed, when 
 the business was removed to the Place Vendome, 
 and ultimately to the Hotel Soissons, which was 
 bought from its owner by the Company at an 
 enormous price. The fabulous rise in stock of the 
 Company enabled many obscure persons to become 
 millionaires. An army contractor, and a Madame 
 de Chaumont made 127 millions of livres ; MM. de 
 Vernie, de Farges and le Blanc 28 millions 
 
The Mississippi Scheme. 
 
 103 
 
 apiece ; and thousands of others obtained smaller 
 sums. That many of these rapid acquirements 
 occasioned much mirth the following will show. 
 A lackey gained a fortune large enough to 
 permit him to keep a chariot, but the first 
 time he used it, from force of habit, he got up 
 behind, in his old place, instead of inside ! 
 Mr. Law's own coachman obtained a com- 
 petency, and thereupon gave his master notice 
 to quit. Law at first refused to release him, 
 until he had procured as good a whip as him- 
 self to fill his place. To gain his freedom, Jehu 
 gave his master the choice of two excellent 
 coachmen, taking the rejected one into his own 
 service. 
 
 With the mercurial rise of Mississippi stock 
 Mr. Law reached the zenith of his fame, and had 
 princes, dukes and lords, together with ladies of 
 corresponding rank, in his ante-chamber, craving 
 audiences. One day, at a more than usually 
 crowded gathering of persons of the highest rank 
 in France, waiting his pleasure for an inter- 
 view, the Earl of Islay, afterwards Duke of 
 Argyll, was announced by a servant, who was 
 ordered to admit the Earl privately. On enter- 
 ing, he found Mr. Law writing what he sur- 
 mised to be important letters, as he had observed 
 
io4 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 the number of people in the ante-room. But he 
 was greatly surprised and amused, when Mr. Law 
 informed him that he was merely giving instruc- 
 tions to his gardener, about " planting some 
 cabbages." Law sealed this important missive, 
 and proposed a game of picquet to his lordship, 
 who demurred, on the plea of inconveniencing 
 the many persons of rank who were waiting. To 
 this objection, Mr. Law replied, " Let them wait ; 
 they do not come here out of personal regard for 
 me, only to plead for shares ; so let them cool 
 their heels for an hour or so." 
 
 Mr. Law's wealth at this time cannot be exactly 
 estimated. It was asserted that he had lodged 
 twenty millions sterling in the Banks of England 
 and Amsterdam. But this appears to be fabulous. 
 On the other hand, it is true that he purchased no 
 less than fourteen estates, with titles of nobility 
 attached; his highest acquisition in this way 
 being the Marquisate of Kosny. In fact, Law's 
 resources at this period were so large that he 
 entered into negotiations for the purchase of the 
 celebrated 'Pitt' diamond, afterwards the chief 
 jewel in the regalia of France. But in the 
 midst of all his luxury, and in spite of the bad 
 character given him by many biographers, he did 
 not forget the poor, but gave large sums in alms ; 
 
The Bubble Burst. 
 
 105 
 
 he also assisted hospitals, and founded scholar- 
 ships. At last (as in the case of the South Sea 
 Bubble) an end came to this state of over infla- 
 tion and false values, one of the immediate 
 causes being a run on the bank, during which 
 many were knocked down and trampled to death 
 in the excitement to reach its counters. Mr. 
 Law next came in for a share of the popular fury, 
 the former idol being ruthlessly cast from his 
 pedestal, and several attempts to lay violent 
 hands on his person being made. At last his 
 position became so untenable, that he fled to 
 Brussels, on December 10th, 1720, where his 
 wife soon after joined him, she having refused 
 to depart from Paris until debts owing to various 
 tradespeople had been discharged. 
 
 According to an authority on those times, Mr. 
 Law had shown signs of mental derangement 
 previous to the bursting of his ' Bubble ' scheme. 
 The same authority states, that " Law's head is 
 so heated that he does not sleep; he gets out 
 of bed almost every night, and runs stark 
 staring mad about the room, making a terrible 
 noise, sometimes singing and dancing, at other 
 times swearing and staring. Some nights ago, 
 his wife was forced to ring for persons to 
 1 Hardwicke State Papers. 
 
io6 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 come to her assistance. The officer of Law's 
 guard, the first to answer the summons, found 
 Law, in his shirt, dancing round two chairs he 
 had placed in the middle of the room." After 
 travelling on the continent Mr. Law arrived in 
 London during October, 1721, and took up his 
 residence in Conduit Street, but soon after was 
 arraigned for slaying one Edward Wilson, in a 
 duel in 1694, although he had received the king's 
 pardon for the offence ! Ultimately, the indictment 
 was quashed on the pardon being pleaded. Mr. 
 Law's means at this time are stated to have been 
 much reduced ; decreased, no doubt, by his ex- 
 travagant habits. However, he left the country 
 during 1722, lived at various places on the con- 
 tinent, and eventually died at Venice in 1729, 
 fifty-eight years of age, in poverty compared to his 
 former afiluence. To the last he cherished hopes 
 of being recalled to France, though the death of 
 the Regent had made such an event almost im- 
 possible. 
 
 Thus the chimerical Mississippi Scheme was 
 sown, blossomed and died ; an undertaking only 
 paralleled by the South Sea Bubble, though 
 the latter was insignificant as compared with 
 the audacious designs of the French Company. 
 But this would only be in accord with the latter- 
 
Turkey Company's Export Trade. 107 
 
 day saying, " They manage these things better 
 in France," whose people, even with the aid of 
 the astute John Law, could not set aside the 
 first principles of finance without disaster in 
 the end. This subject has been dwelt on at 
 some length, as the financial schemes of our 
 G-allic neighbours, during the last century are 
 not so well known to English readers as they 
 might be. 
 
 Although the Turkey Company's export trade 
 was at this period suffering by prohibitive 
 measures framed by its Council, respecting the 
 exportation of woollen cloths, the other branches 
 appear to have been in a flourishing condition. 
 The cargoes of two of their ships, which arrived 
 in the Downs on September 9th of this year, 
 1719, were valued at 200,000^., and comprised 
 amongst other goods, 329 bales of silk, 426 bags 
 of gaulls, 51 bales of cotton yarn, 44 bales of 
 grograin yarn, 272 bales of cotton wool, 2 chests 
 of rhubarb, and 85 chests of soap. 
 
 The Duke of Chandos, desiring that his son, the 
 Marquis of Carnarvon, should receive the benefit 
 of a course of study at Oxford, entered him during 
 November, 1719, at Balliol College, and placed him 
 under the tuition of Mr. Hunt. 
 
 A nobleman of his Grace's exalted rank and 
 
io8 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 reputed wealth was not likely to be left unmo- 
 lested by the knights errant of the ' good old 
 times,' to wit, the highwaymen, whose polite 
 attentions were bestowed upon the Duke on 
 January 30th, 1720. Through the absence of 
 such an institution as the Central Press Associa- 
 tion, at least three different versions of this affair 
 appeared in the daily papers. It is therefore 
 somewhat difficult to arrive at the exact circum- 
 stances, and recourse has been had to deduction, 
 by comparing the two accounts that agree on the 
 main points. The following account has therefore 
 been gathered. 
 
 As the Duke of Chandos was returning to town 
 from his seat at Canons, a lad hailed his Grace's 
 coach, saying that there were two highwaymen 
 waiting to attack it ; whereon the Duke ordered 
 his servants, who, fortunately, were armed, 
 to seize them. This they accomplished, after a 
 chase as far as the vicinity of Paddington, then 
 a rural village. Upon his Grace coming up, he 
 was somewhat inclined to let the rogues go, 
 believing their purposed attack to be a drunken 
 freak, but some bystanders came forward and 
 urged that they were members of a gang that 
 infested the neighbourhood. The Duke there- 
 upon ordered them to be bound and conveyed to 
 
The Duke Waylaid. 
 
 109 
 
 town. The miscreants were handed over to the 
 authorities, and examined by Sir Thomas Clarges, 
 who succeeded in getting them to inculpate 
 several accomplices, some of whom were arrested 
 next day, and committed to Newgate. 
 
CHAPTER XII. 
 
 The Duke increases his possessions — Gains 30,0OOZ. by South 
 Sea Stock — Presents his late town residenoe in Albemarle 
 Street to Sir Matthew Decker — Sells Queen Square, 
 Westminster, to Sir Theodore Jansen — Further details 
 relating to his Grace's late offiee of Paymaster — He sustains 
 a heavy loss by fall of South Sea Stock during the panic 
 of 1720 — Purchase of the north side of Cavendish Square 
 by the Duke— The British public and the bubbles of 1720 
 — His Grace of Chandos chairman of the York Buildings 
 Company — Some account of that Company. 
 
 Whether the Duke of Chandos invested any of 
 the gains made by speculating in Mississippi 
 Stock in land, is not precisely known, though it 
 is beyond dispute that, early in the year 1720, he 
 acquired by purchase the manor of East Barnet 1 
 and also the neighbouring one of Totteridge, the 
 purchases proving that his Grace was in posses- 
 sion of ample funds at this period. These he 
 endeavoured to increase, like many others of both 
 high and low degree just then, by dabbling in 
 South Sea Stock. It is recorded that the Duke 
 realized 3O,0O0Z. by this means during March of 
 
 1 The manors of Friern Barnet, Kingsbury, Stanmore Magna 
 Parva, likewise belonged to the Duke. 
 
The South Sea Company. 
 
 hi 
 
 this year. Such a stroke of fortune appears to 
 have led him, like many others, to increase his 
 speculations, anticipating the same fortunate 
 results ; but this was not realized. 
 
 His Grace was on friendly terms with many of 
 the directors of the South Sea Company, particu- 
 larly Sir Matthew Decker, to whom he presented 
 his late town residence in Albemarle Street. 
 Whether this was in return for favours shown, or 
 for reasons of a friendly nature, cannot with any 
 certainty be affirmed. 
 
 Extensive alterations were being carried out 
 in the year 1720, at the Duke of Ormonde's late 
 residence in St. James's Square, lately acquired 
 by the Duke of Chandos. This mansion, Defoe 
 terms " a noble palace, finely adorned by the 
 Duke of Chandos." Its rental value was then 
 said to be 300L per annum. The repairs of a 
 structural character, made by the Duke of 
 Chandos, consisted in reflooring the entire 
 premises, and demolishing and rebuilding the 
 greater part of one side. 
 
 During the April of 1720, the Duke sold 
 Queen Square, "Westminster — (this site is now 
 covered by Queen Anne's Mansions) — to a South 
 Sea Company director, the well-known Sir 
 Theodore Janssen or Jansen. 
 
ii2 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 That the Duke of Ohandos still had some 
 connection with his late official appointment 
 of Paymaster, the petition 1 of Captain Francis 
 Stevens testifies. This document sets forth, 
 that he was appointed by Sir Solomon de 
 Medina, during 1711, to solicit and obtain for 
 him several accounts for bread, etc., due during 
 the late war, but having brought these matters 
 to a satisfactory conclusion, Sir Solomon now 
 refused to pay the sum agreed for his services. 
 He therefore asked that this demand be adjusted 
 out of the 2880Z. in the hands of the Duke of 
 Ohandos, praying their lordships to order (the) 
 petitioner's accounts to be laid before the Army 
 Commissioners, and thus prevent his utter ruin. 
 As may be presumed, their lordships refused to 
 entertain this proposal, minuting the document 
 on July 18th, 1720, to the effect that " This 
 matter is not before my Lords." Now, whether 
 the Duke of Chandos simply held the aforenamed 
 sum as bailee on behalf: of Sir Solomon, or still 
 had the custody of certain disputed or un- 
 claimed sums (the latter is improbable), cannot 
 with absolute certainty be shown. However, it 
 is clear that there was something connecting 
 the Duke with his late office, or he would not 
 1 Redington's Calendar of Treasury Papers. 
 
Speculation. 
 
 113 
 
 have been cited by the petitioner in this 
 matter. 
 
 The craze for speculation continued, and his 
 Grace shared it in common with the populace and 
 those of his own degree. His successes hitherto 
 in such matters led him, about April or May, 
 1720, to enter heavily into South Sea Stock, his 
 holding, some time in May, being worth, at the 
 market price, about 300,000/. Anxious to obtain 
 the best advice, he consulted a brother peer, the 
 old Duke of Newcastle, who was supposed to 
 possess considerable aptitude for business, 1 and 
 asked him what he should do. The advice ten- 
 dered, was "Sell forthwith." "No," replied 
 Chandos, "I want half a million." "Then sell 
 1 00,000 1, and take your chance for the rest," 
 urged the shrewder peer. " No," said Chandos, 
 "I'll keep it all, against its higher advance." 
 He lost nearly all in the panic that shortly 
 followed. In fact, it so happened that South 
 Sea Stock had then all but reached its maxi- 
 mum price, though it never reached the in- 
 flated condition of its compeer, Mississippi 
 Stock, which for a long time stood at 1800 per 
 cent, premium ; several transactions, in some of 
 the frenzied moments of the supporters of that 
 1 According to Grainger. 
 
 I 
 
114 
 
 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 scheme, taking place at 2050 per cent. ; while 
 South. Sea Stock never realized, for cash, the 
 quoted 1000 per cent, premium. 
 
 Of the many satirical pamphlets, etc., published 
 during the era of this mania, none make any 
 direct allusion to the Duke of Chandos' specula- 
 tions in South Sea securities. One, however, 
 styled " Matter of Fact, or the Arraignment and 
 Trial of the Directors of the South Sea Com- 
 pany," humorously describes a trial. One 
 Councillor Crumbo (with his learned brothers 
 Clamour, Query, and Trifle) appears to support 
 the indictment, and leads off with the following 
 rhapsody : — 
 
 " When Stocks ran high and wits-production fell, 
 Wit grew a stock, which wits began to sell. 
 These taught, the ' Cits,' their birthright was to cheat, 
 That fortune could legitimate deceit.'" 
 
 " Here, those that on him, menials joy'd to wait 
 With South Sea squibs, besiege a Duke's estate, 
 For Cypher scrolls, his rent-roll they command, 
 He gets their paper, and they get his land." 
 
 The latter allusion was probably intended for 
 the Duke of Chandos, though it is doubtful 
 whether the losses incurred by bis speculations 
 in stock of the South Sea Company shook 
 
'Change Alley. 
 
 115 
 
 the Duke's fortune to the extent premised, 
 as soon after the collapse of this disastrous 
 scheme he purchased the whole of the north 
 side of Cavendish Square, then recently laid 
 out. Here he purposed to erect as noble a 
 mansion as any in London, considering his 
 then fine residence in St. James's Square not 
 sufficiently becoming the owner of ' Canons.' 
 Such an expenditure tends to prove that the 
 losses incurred by his speculations had not 
 during 1720 made such inroads on his Grace's 
 fortune as in any way to alter his mode of living. 
 
 Of the thousand and one schemes hatched in 
 'Change Alley during the ' Bubble ' mania, many 
 well deserved the latter-day appellation of 1 wild 
 cat.' In fact, the greater majority were little 
 better than webs spun by promoting spiders to 
 entrap those stupid flies, the c British Public' 
 A large number of these undertakings were so 
 utterly devoid of reason, that ' even our present 
 day race of 1 gulls ' would scarcely have been 
 deceived by any of them. Many had no legal 
 status whatever ; others existed only in the 
 imagination of their promoters ; but the popu- 
 lace were so reckless in their mania, that 
 permits to subscribe to an embryo company, 
 at some future time, were sold for as much 
 
 1 2 
 
Ii6 
 
 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 as 60Z. All classes were bitten by the mania, 
 even the Prince of Wales, who was announced 
 as Chairman of the Welsh Copper Company. 
 It must be admitted, that, taking the aristo- 
 cracy as a body, they did not lend their names 
 to, or become associated in the management of 
 these enterprises, in the same ratio as their 
 descendants have since done, under the present 
 Limited Liability Acts. The subject of this work, 
 however, stands out conspicuously as chair- 
 man of the York Buildings Company, whilst 
 the Duke of Bridgewater appeared at the head 
 of an undertaking for erecting houses in London 
 and Westminster. The aggregate capital of the 
 various schemes placed before the public during 
 this period amounted to 300,000,000Z., an amount 
 that then exceeded the value of all the land in 
 the country. 
 
 The York Buildings Company, with which, to 
 his loss, the Duke of Chandos was associated, 
 was an old undertaking, incorporated in 1691, for 
 supplying water from the Thames to the Strand 
 and its neighbourhood. The works for this 
 purpose were situated at the bottom of Bucking- 
 ham Street, Strand, or upon some portion of the 
 ground of York House. Here was erected, and 
 worked for many years, one of the first practical 
 
A Steam Engine. 
 
 117 
 
 steam engines, the engine drawing water from 
 the Thames at the rate of three tons a minute. 
 This was accomplished by steam, which, arising 
 from water in a copper boiler, became compressed 
 and condensed, and then, moving by evaporation, 
 struck a counterpoise. This struck another 
 which moved a beam, thus imparting an up and 
 down motion, thereby drawing water by means 
 of a pump from the river, and raising through 
 iron pipes to the top of a tower, where it was dis- 
 charged into a great leaden cistern, and thence 
 conveyed by pipes as far as Marylebone Fields. 
 Here it was stored in a reservoir (now the centre 
 of Cavendish Square), from which the then new 
 houses in the neighbourhood, to the number of 
 one thousand or more, were supplied. The de- 
 scription of this engine is compiled from an 
 account that appeared circa 1729. So far, the 
 York Buildings Company was a duly authorized 
 undertaking, and continued its operations, with 
 slight alterations, until the year 1719, when 
 the proprietors sold their works for 7000Z. to 
 a syndicate, who set forth that they desired 
 to improve them, and for this purpose invited 
 subscriptions for new capital to the extent of 
 1,200,000?. The capital, however, was devoted 
 to the purchasing of forfeited and other freehold 
 
ii8 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 estates ; this ultimately brought the company 
 almost to ruin. Such a departure from its 
 original purpose would now be termed ultra 
 vires, i.e., not provided for by the Articles of 
 Association. It was at this period that the 
 Duke of Chandos was elected Chairman of the 
 Company, its new shares, for which 10Z. had 
 been paid, rising in agreement with the in- 
 flated condition of the market, to 305Z., or near 
 3000 per cent, premium. So far, all was smooth 
 sailing, and his Grace evidently anticipated a 
 ' boom ' ; though the satirists of that time por- 
 trayed this and similar speculations, on what was 
 then a favourite vehicle for caricature, viz., a 
 pack of cards. On the five of spades, runs the 
 following doggerel : — 
 
 " You that are blest with wealth by your Creator, 
 And want to drown your money in Thames water, 
 Buy but York Buildings, and the cistern there 
 Will sink more pence than any fool can spare." 
 
 Unfortunately, the prognostication proved cor- 
 rect. The Company's stock, which had risen with 
 its contemporaries to the price before stated, fell 
 rapidly. This was brought about by the great 
 progenitor of all these bubbles, the South Sea 
 Company, which, by bringing legal authority to 
 bear against the many unofficial undertakings, 
 
Action of the South Sea Company. 119 
 
 soon laid this and similar institutions low. The 
 writ of scire facias, issued on the petition of the 
 directors of the South Sea Company, expressly 
 mentions the York Buildings Company, the 
 Lustring Company, the Welsh Copper Company, 
 and the English Copper Company, and is sup- 
 plemented by the ominous words " and divers 
 others, issued contrary to the law." This action 
 on the part of the South Sea Company ultimately 
 recoiled on its own head, and it is by no means 
 certain that the momentary relief from the ma- 
 chinations of its rivals, secured by this means, 
 produced any material benefit to the South Sea 
 Company itself. The instructions given to the 
 Crown lawyers on the issuing of the writ of scire 
 facias, were sufficient to strike terror into the 
 hearts of the unfortunate shareholders of the ille- 
 gitimate enterprises ; the lawyers being instructed 
 to prosecute ail who had opened books of sub- 
 scription, together with those who had subscribed, 
 made, or accepted any transfer of stock in such. 
 This was indeed a drastic measure ; it caused the 
 stock of the York Buildings Company to imme- 
 diately fall from 300 to 200, and two days after 
 the commencement of proceedings, it was unsale- 
 able at any price whatever. The same also 
 applies to the stock of the other companies 
 
i2o The Princely Chandos. 
 
 expressly mentioned. This was a disastrous 
 matter to the shareholders, in common with the 
 Duke of Chandos, who appears to have escaped 
 the penalties mentioned in the writ, excepting 
 the loss of his money. The York Buildings 
 Company was afterwards reconstituted, and held 
 lotteries, etc., for annuities ; but his Grace re- 
 tired from official connection with it. Thomas, 
 Earl of Westmoreland, was afterwards appointed 
 governor. The Company was one of the few 
 that survived the South Sea mania, and it existed 
 for some years into the present centurv. 
 
CHAPTER XIII. 
 
 The Hon. and Rev. Henry Brydges, D.D.— The Duke of 
 Chandos' fortune after the losses in the 4 Bubble ' 
 year — His costly establishment at Canons — ' Dr.' Thirlby 
 his Librarian — The parishioners of Whitchurch and the 
 Duke — He proposes to acquire a road from Canons to 
 Cavendish Square — Description of the intended new town 
 mansion — His Grace petitions the House of Lords on a 
 question of privilege — Committal of the offenders — 
 Their ultimate release upon payment of costs — He votes 
 against an inquiry into the affairs of the South Sea 
 Company — The Duke connects himself with the Koyal 
 African Company. 
 
 The Duke's brother, the Honourable and Rev. 
 Henry Brydges, D.D., having been alluded to 
 previously, opportunity is now taken to make 
 the reader better acquainted with him, particu- 
 larly as he appears to have been the only other 
 member of the family who acquired distinction. 
 Mr. Brydges took his degree of D.D. upon his re- 
 turn from Aleppo, and settled down to minister 
 to the wants of his living, viz., the parishes of 
 Addlestrop and Broadwell, in Gloucestershire, 
 to which he was presented by his brother-in-law, 
 
122 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 Theophilus Leigh, Esq., as early as 1699. In 
 the Convocation that met on^April 9th, 1713, Dr. 
 Atterbury, Bishop of Eochester, then Prolo- 
 cutor, selected his old schoolfellow, Dr. Henry 
 Brydges, as his Vice. The Lower House, by a 
 unanimous vote, consented to the appointment ; 
 besides, a Vice was necessary, owing to the 
 frequent absence of Dr. Atterbury, who was 
 Chaplain to the Queen. Shortly after Dr. 
 Brydges was appointed Chaplain to his Majesty 
 King Greorge L, a position he resigned in 
 1718, doubtless to the satisfaction of his friend, 
 Dr. Atterbury, who thereon appointed him 
 Archdeacon and Prebendary of Eochester in 
 1720, but whether his well-known intimacy with 
 Bishop Atterbury .was a bar to his promotion to 
 a higher dignity in the Church is not definitely 
 recorded. However, upon the death of Pre- 
 bendary Brabant in 1722, Dr. Brydges was given 
 the vacant stall in St. Paul's Cathedral, The 
 learned Doctor did not rise to any higher position 
 in the Church. 
 
 The losses sustained by the Duke, consequent 
 upon the fall in the stocks of the South Sea and 
 York Buildings Companies, led many to conjec- 
 ture whether he could continue his princely style 
 of living at Canons. These surmises were, how- 
 
The Household at Canons. 
 
 123 
 
 ever, ill founded, the Duke continued to live 
 as formerly. The establishment at Canons con- 
 sisted of 120 persons, and was so ordered, that 
 while there was an abundance for all, no waste 
 should be allowed. With this end in view, Mr. 
 Watts, an able accountant, had drawn out a plan 
 by the Duke's orders, showing at a glance a 
 day's, week's, or month's expenditure, upon a 
 given annual income. The plan was engraved on 
 a copper plate, and considered by many a very 
 extraordinary effort of economical wisdom. His 
 Grace sold all the fruit produced on the estate, 
 not required for his own table, saying it was 
 as much his property as the hay and corn off 
 his fields. This remark was possibly made in 
 reply to a suggestion that the fruit ought to 
 be the gardeners' perquisite. It is doubtful 
 whether anyone knew exactly what the Duke's 
 resources were at this period ; they, however, 
 must have been of some magnitude, in spite of 
 recent losses. 
 
 His Grace appointed as his Librarian at Canons 
 the eccentric, but learned, £ Dr.' Thirlby — (Styan 
 Thirlby), a well-known critic of the period, for 
 whom, at one time, some degree of future 
 eminence was presaged. These hopes, unfor- 
 tunately, were frustrated by the Doctor's 
 
124 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 quarrelsome temper, coupled with habits of in- 
 dolence, aggravated by an occasional too free 
 indulgence in alcoholic liquors. He first pro- 
 ceeded with studies for a clerical appointment, 
 but his eccentric and volatile nature induced him 
 to relinquish these suddenly, and apply himself 
 to the study of medicine. Tiring of medicine, 
 he adopted letters, ultimately accepting the care 
 of the Duke of Chandos' library at Canons. 
 During the time he held this office, he is said to 
 have displayed his erratic propensities to the 
 utmost, adopting a perverse and indolent inde- 
 pendence, and carrying this so far as to refuse 
 his company to his noble patron when solicited. 
 This, coupled with other vagaries, in time pro- 
 duced a rupture regretted by neither. 
 
 During the month of August, 1720, the internal 
 decorations of the parish church of St. Lawrence, 
 Whitchurch, were completed. The edifice, as 
 previously stated, had been rebuilt — except the 
 tower — by the Duke of Chandos. The parish- 
 ioners, thinking his Grace would do more to- 
 wards making their church worthy its proximity 
 to his noble mansion, sold the peal of bells, 
 anticipating that their patron would present 
 them with a larger and better set. Here their 
 judgment was at fault : the Duke, on hearing 
 
The Oratorio of Esther. 125 
 
 what they had done, dashed their hopes to the 
 ground by refusing to comply with so strangely 
 expressed a demand. He, however, presented 
 them with handsome silver-gilt Communion 
 vessels. The church was re-opened for Divine 
 Service on the 29th August, 1720. Handel is 
 stated to have composed his Oratorio of Esther 
 for this occasion. 1 
 
 His Grace's son, the Marquis of Carnarvon, 
 being on the eve of marriage, the Duke proposed 
 to settle his mansion in St. James's Square on 
 him. This, no doubt, was one of the reasons 
 for the erection of the proposed new residence 
 in Cavendish Square, particularly as the latter 
 position was best suited to another gigantic 
 project which his Grace had conceived. The 
 project was no less than the acquisition of 
 sufficient land to make a road (where he could 
 not procure any larger area), from his estate 
 of Canons to Cavendish Square; so that he 
 might be able to drive from one to the other 
 without passing out of his own possessions : 
 certainly a bold scheme, worthy of its originator, 
 though perhaps not then so unattainable as it 
 would be at the present time. Then, however, 
 the neighbourhood to the north and north-west 
 
 1 See page 84. 
 
126 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 of Cavendish Square was open country, in fact 
 the latter abutted on or was part of the old 
 Marylebone Fields. Had the Duke's speculations 
 in this memorable year been crowned with 
 success, he would most probably have set about 
 putting the idea into execution. Such a purpose 
 has been wrongly ascribed to his son, the second 
 Duke, who had not even the means, on his father's 
 death, to retain Canons as a residential estate, 
 and he could scarcely have wanted a private road 
 to an estate that was doomed to be deprived 
 of its mansion. The second Duke used his 
 steward's, or secretary's, residence on Brockley 
 Hill, adjacent to the estate of Canons, where 
 a room was handsomely fitted up to receive 
 his Grace when visiting Mr. Sharpe on busi- 
 ness matters. The house on Brockley Hill was 
 adorned with several paintings, said to have 
 been part of King Charles's collection, but the 
 building has long since disappeared, and, as its 
 owner was not connected with the first Duke, 
 it is scarcely worth while to relate anything con- 
 nected with it. 
 
 The intentions of the Duke of Chandos, re- 
 specting his proposed new residence in Cavendish 
 Square, are shown by an elevation designed by 
 John Price, in the King's Prints and Drawings, 
 
The Projected Mansion. 127 
 
 British Museum. The style portrayed is similar 
 to that of Canons, though scarcely on such an 
 elaborate scale; but the proposed edifice was 
 to have been of sufficient magnitude to cover 
 almost the whole of the ground purchased by 
 the Duke. However, the design was never 
 carried out, although his Grace did eventually 
 build on the ground at a later period and resided 
 there. 
 
 On January 10th, 1721, the Duke of Chandos 
 upheld his dignified character, by laying a com- 
 plaint before the House of Lords 1 touching a breach 
 of privilege committed by Samuel Burton, late 
 Receiver of Taxes for the County of Radnor, and 
 John Jones, late deputy Sheriff for the same 
 county, in prosecuting a writ in his Majesty's 
 Court of Exchequer (and by virtue of an extant) 
 and other proceedings, entered the estate, and 
 seized the goods and chattels of divers of his 
 tenants, within the privilege of Parliament ; 
 and breach of the prerogatives of that House. 
 This having been proved by several witnesses 
 who were sworn and examined at the Bar of the 
 House, it was ordered, " That in conformity with 
 an Act passed the 12 and 13 Will. III. intituled, 
 ' An Act for preventing any inconvenience that 
 1 House of Lords Journal, vol. xxi. 
 
128 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 may happen to privilege of Parliament,' that the 
 Serjeant-at-Arms do forthwith attach the bodies 
 of the said Samuel Burton and John Jones, and 
 keep them in safe custody during the pleasure 
 of this House." A fortnight later, the persons 
 attached petitioned the House for their discharge : 
 the petition was ordered to lie on the table. On 
 the 1st of February, the Serjeant-at-Arms was 
 ordered to bring the prisoners to the Bar of 
 the House for examination, when, after hearing 
 their evidence, they were adjudged guilty of the 
 breach alleged, and ordered to remain in the 
 custody of the Serjeant-at-Arms. John Jones 
 remained in custody till the 28th of that month, 
 when he was brought to the Bar of the House, 
 received (when upon his knees) a reprimand from 
 the Lord Chancellor, and was thereupon dis- 
 charged on payment of his fees, these alone being 
 no light matter. His fellow-prisoner, Samuel 
 Burton, was kept in prison until the 7th of the 
 following month, when he was brought up and 
 discharged, having undergone a similar process. 
 
 About the middle of January, 1721, a debate 
 took place in the Lords, relative to the expediency 
 of an Inquiry into the frauds of the South Sea 
 Company. After some discussion, the Inquiry 
 was resolved upon by a majority of 22. The 
 
The Royal African Company. 129 
 
 Duke of Chandos 1 voted with the minority ; his 
 reason for so doing is difficult to define, unless it 
 were to screen some personal friends connected 
 with the Company. 
 
 With the infatuation of a gambler the Duke of 
 Chandos now entered largely into another enter- 
 prise, viz., " The Royal African Company," 2 a 
 Corporation that had borne a chequered career 
 since the days of Elizabeth. In common with all 
 joint stock undertakings this Company had en- 
 joyed the advance in stocks during the Bubble 
 mania of the preceding year, its shares, on which 
 some 23Z. had been paid, had risen to 200Z., 
 but fell rapidly after the collapse of the South 
 Sea Company, and rose again to par during 
 January, 1721 ; this was brought about by the 
 Company's determining (as they had many times 
 before) to conduct their operations with spirit. 
 To this end, permission was granted to in- 
 crease their capital by the issue of new shares 
 to the extent of 524,000/. ; this sum was sub- 
 scribed. A meeting was then held for the purpose 
 of electing officers for the ensuing year, at the 
 
 1 Egerton MSS. 
 
 2 The Eoyal African Company, after existing for three 
 centuries under various charters, died from impotence occa- 
 sioned by mismanagement. Will latter-day Corporations show 
 any better record 1 
 
 K 
 
i3o The Princely Chandos. 
 
 offices of the Company in Leadenhall Street. His 
 Majesty King George was elected Governor, 
 Francis Acton, Esq., Sub-governor, Sir Bibye Lake, 
 Bart., Deputy, and twenty- three gentlemen and 
 merchants, together with one peer (the Duke of 
 Chandos) as a Court of Assistants. To his ultimate 
 cost his Grace subscribed largely for shares in this 
 Company, trusting, no doubt, to his own business 
 abilities, coupled with those of an influential body 
 of merchants on the Court to aid in recovering his 
 losses from the panic of the preceding year. But 
 let the writer of a pamphlet concerning this Com- 
 pany at the time, tell the result of such a com- 
 bined force of ' talent.' " An eminent peer 1 was 
 made a director, ships were chartered, and laden 
 with goods and miners. They fell a-trading and 
 digging through mountains in search of gold. 
 Their trading stock was soon spent, no gold was 
 found, and a great hole in the side of a hill alone 
 remains as an everlasting monument of their K 
 industry." Upon news being received of this 
 unfortunate state of affairs, the stock of the Com- 
 pany fell rapidly, touching 7 before the end of 
 the year. 
 
 1 The Duke of Chandos. 
 
CHAPTER XIV. 
 
 The Duke of Chandos elected a Governor of the Charterhouse 
 — The Marquis of Carnarvon receives the degree of LL.D. 
 — His Grace made reversionary Clerk of the Hanaper — ■ 
 Account of that office — The .Duke and the poet Gay — 
 Purchase of the Advowson of Rotherhithe by the Duke — 
 Departure of the Marquis of Carnarvon for " The Grand 
 Xour " — The Duke made Lord-Lieutenant of Hereford and 
 Eadnor — Account of Sudeley Castle — His Grace's servant 
 waylaid on the- road from Canons — The Duke made a Privy 
 Councillor — Honoured by the Prince of "Wales with the 
 High Stewardship of Cantref Moelynaidd, Radnor — 
 Account of this manor — His Grace rewards a clergyman 
 for honesty — The Royal African Company again— Mr. 
 Speaker Onslow's character of the Duke. 
 
 The Duke of Chandos received in 1721 another 
 proof of popularity, together with further marks 
 of royal favour. He was elected, early in April, 
 one of the Governors of the Charterhouse, in the 
 place of the late Duke of Buckingham. 
 
 On the 8th of April, the Marquis of Carnarvon 
 received the degree of LL.D. at Oxford. His 
 lordship's tutor, a Mr. Stewart, took that of 
 M.D. at the same time. 
 
 One of the favours bestowed upon his Grace at 
 k 2 
 
132 
 
 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 this period by his Majesty King G-eorge II. was his 
 nomination as reversionary Clerk of the Hanaper 
 (or Hamper) in which grant he managed to get his 
 sons John (Marquis of Carnarvon) and Henry in- 
 cluded. As many may be curious to know what 
 this office was, the following account, compiled 
 from a curious old work dated 1727, giving the 
 nature and business of the several public offices, 
 will be interesting. The Clerk of the Hanaper 
 was an Officer of Chancery, sometimes termed 
 Warden of the Hamper ; his duty was to receive 
 all money due to the Crown for seals on charters, 
 patents, writs, &c, together with the fees to the 
 officers for examining and enrolling the same. 
 He was further obliged to attend the Lord 
 Chancellor daily, in term time, and at all times 
 of .sealing, having with him leather bags where- 
 in to place the documents sealed. These bags 
 were then closed and impressed with the Lord 
 Chancellor's private seal, and delivered to the 
 Comptroller of the Hanaper, who attended on 
 seal days, to check and enter all documents en- 
 closed in them, comparing these with the Clerk 
 of the Hanaper's account. It is not to be 
 assumed that a nobleman of his Grace's position 
 did any drudgery of office, as stated ; this was 
 done no doubt by a deputy. The emoluments, 
 
Clerk of the Hanaper. 133 
 
 on the other hand, were received by the Duke, 
 his substitute getting a moderate remuneration. 
 
 Gay, the poet, who had been a great sufferer 
 by the decline in South Sea Stock because he had 
 not sold when advised, ventured amongst the 
 shoals of ' Finance,' beginning by accepting a 
 present of 1000/. of South Sea Stock from the 
 £ Elder ' Craggs. He was induced this year, 
 as some solatium to his losses, to publish 
 his poems by subscription, and was so for- 
 tunate as to obtain much encouragement. Their 
 Royal Highnesses the Prince and Princess of 
 Wales sent their names as subscribers for a 
 handsome amount. Among the most liberal 
 of the poet's patrons were the Duke of Chandos 
 and the Earl of Burlington ; each took fifty copies 
 of the book. A few such subscribers nowadays 
 would ensure the success of any limited edition. 
 
 The Duke about this time purchased (possibly 
 with a view to providing a friend or relative with 
 a ' living'), from Edmund Stokes and others, 
 the advowson of Rotherhithe, a parish then 
 more rural and inviting than now. 
 
 The education of his Grace's son and heir 
 would not have been deemed complete in those 
 times without his making the ' Grand Tour.' The 
 Marquis set out during July, 1721. Gossip was 
 
134 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 then as rife as it is at present concerning the pro- 
 bable or projected marriages of persons of rank. 
 In this case his lordship was supposed to be 
 going to marry Lady Anne Egerton, only daughter 
 of the Duke of Bridgewater, on his return from 
 abroad ; but the rumour was only a further proof 
 of the old adage: " That common report is — " 
 well, a common perverter of the truth. 
 
 However unfortunate the Duke had been during 
 the past year in his financial speculations, his 
 star was still in the ascendant at Court, as in 
 August, 1721, he received from the King the 
 Lord-Lieutenancies of the Counties of Hereford 
 and Radnor, in place of Earl Coningsby de- 
 ceased. His Grace much appreciated his Ma- 
 jesty's kindness ; Herefordshire was his native 
 county, and its capital town had been repre- 
 sented by him in Parliament for many years. It 
 had also associations of another kind, though the 
 bulk of the estates appertaining to the Barony 
 of Chandos lay in Gloucestershire. The sixth 
 Lord left the Manor and Castle of Sudeley to his 
 wife Jane, daughter of Lord Rivers, who survived 
 him. She married George Pitt, Esq., of Strathfield 
 Saye, Hampshire, for her second husband, and 
 by this means the ancestral titular estate of the 
 Chandos family passed away from it. Sudeley 
 
Sudeley Castle. 
 
 135 
 
 Castle is of great historic interest ; Queen 
 Catherine Parr died there, September 5th, 1548, 
 and was buried in the chapel adjoining the 
 castle. Her funeral is memorable from the fact 
 that it was the first royal iuterment according to 
 the rites of the Reformed Church. Queen Eliza- 
 beth visited Sudeley Castle in 1592, and here 
 Grey, the fifth Lord, already alluded to as the 
 ' Kiog of Cotswold,' held his ' Court ' in great 
 splendour. During the Parliamentary War, 
 in 1642, this castle sustained a siege, on behalf 
 of the King, who visited it the following year. 
 Upon its being surrendered to the forces of 
 Parliament, 'Old Noll's' troopers of the 
 ' Praise Cod Barebones ' sort desecrated the 
 chapel ; many monuments appertaining to the 
 Chandos family were ruthlessly destroyed, and 
 the graves violated. This closed the career of 
 the Castle as a stronghold and complete edifice ; 
 — such it had been since the days of Stephen — its 
 walls soon after fell into decay. 
 
 In 1802, Pitt Rivers, Esq., a descendant of the 
 before mentioned George Pitt, Esq., was created 
 Baron Rivers of Sudeley Castle, Gloucester, 
 though some considered that the older Barony 1 of 
 
 1 See Sir Samuel Egerton Brydges, Bart., " Lex terrce," 1831 : 
 also G. F. Beltz " Eeview of the Chandos Peerage Case," for the 
 context. 
 
136 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 Chandos was not extinct. Baron Rivers dis- 
 posed of the ruins of the castle, together with 
 fifty or sixty acres of land, to Richard, Mar- 
 quis of Buckingham and Chandos, grandfather 
 of the late Duke of Buckingham and Chandos, 
 created in 1822. This nobleman sold the 
 castle and land to John and William Dent, who 
 had acquired nearly all the estate belonging to 
 the ancient Manor of Sudeley, in 1837. Under 
 th eir ownership the north quadrangle was re- 
 stored, and other improvements were effected. 
 
 On a Sunday evening in September of this 
 year, one of the Duke's servants was returning 
 to town from Canons on horseback, when his 
 horse fell, unseating its rider ; whereupon two 
 footpads attacked him, and, before he could re- 
 gain his feet, robbed him of his whip and about 
 five shillings. It is a matter of some surprise 
 that these attacks were not more frequent on 
 the Duke or his retinue, the ' vulgar folk ' 
 having acquired a most extravagant idea of the 
 amount of his Grace's wealth. But it is probable 
 that the Duke's magnanimous and benevolent 
 nature had gained respect even amongst these 
 enemies of law and order. 
 
 The year now under review was almost 
 literally crammed with honours for the 
 
Royal Favour. 
 
 137 
 
 'Princely' Chandos. He received proofs still 
 further of his Majesty's goodwill, being appointed 
 a member of his Privy Council. The ^Prince of 
 Wales followed his august father's example by 
 appointing his Grace, during November, High 
 Steward of Cantemelenis, Radnor — (this is the 
 ' press ' rendering of the name — " Cantref 
 Moelynaidd" 1 its correct appellation) — is an 
 ancient and extensive tract of country, which 
 was governed in early times by chieftains styling 
 themselves Lords of Ffenllys and Moelynaidd, 
 some of whom became Kings of Britain, others 
 Dukes and Earls of Cornwall. William Rufus 
 put an end to this long chain of succession by 
 granting the territory to Ralph de Mortimer. 
 Its conquest was not so easy a matter as its 
 grant, for it was not accomplished until the 
 reign of Edward I., who confirmed the grant to 
 the family of Mortimer, in the person of Earl 
 Wigmore. The Earl was found guilty of treason, 
 the grant then escheated to the Crown, but 
 was re-granted to the same earldom, temp. 
 Edward II. On the failure of the male line of 
 this family, it again passed into the ownership 
 of the Crown by the marriage of Anne, heiress of 
 the Mortimers, with Richard, Duke of York, whose 
 1 Williams's Radnor. 
 
138 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 son became Edward IV., and has been so held 
 to latter days. This vast estate at one time 
 contained one hundred townships, the tenants 
 faithfully paying their rents into the Eoyal 
 Treasury by the hands of receivers, till the 
 twelfth year of Charles the First's reign, when 
 Stewards, or High Stewards, as they style 
 themselves, were appointed. The first Steward 
 was the Earl of Pembroke and Mont- 
 gomery. Among other notable persons who 
 have held this honour are such names as 
 the Marquis of Powis, Sir Eobert, and Mr. 
 Harley, until the name of his Grace of 
 Chandos is reached — (6th Geo. I). The ap- 
 pointment was given to the Duke on the 4th 
 of February, 1721, though chronicles of those 
 times (in the form of newspaper reports), 
 mostly fail to inform their readers until the 
 following December. There were many customs 
 attached to the office of Steward, one being 
 authority to hold a Court Baron every three 
 weeks. In one sense, the preliminary value of 
 the appointment was not large, it amounted to 
 61. 13s. 4d. per annum ; this, however, was 
 supplemented by fees from the different Courts 
 which the Steward was empowered to hold 
 (chiefly for election purposes). But perhaps its 
 
High Steward. 
 
 139 
 
 most important and profitable privilege was 
 that of the free and several fisheries together 
 with the rights of hawking and hunting, with 
 full power to depute these rights to others. The 
 ' Grand ' Duke held the office for twenty-three 
 years, in fact, until his decease, but since the 
 days of George III. the estate has been leased 
 principally to members of the Harley family. 
 
 The many signs of royal regard bestowed upon 
 his Grace, led the disseminators of news, in 1722, 
 to prognosticate further favours ; it was reported 
 during the month of May that the Duke was to 
 receive one of the vacant garters. In this attempt 
 to forecast the bestowal of their sovereign's good- 
 ness, they were not happy, as his Grace did not 
 receive one of the vacant stalls in St. George's 
 Chapel. 
 
 The terror that had been struck into many 
 promoters of, and investors in, unauthorized joint 
 stock companies before the panic of 1720, by 
 the Government directing a prosecution against 
 them, was lessened in a measure this year, 1722 ; 
 the Governor of the English Copper Company 
 informing its shareholders at a Court held during 
 June, that upon their petition a nolle prosequi 
 had been entered by the Attorney- General on the 
 writ of scire facias, in which this Company was 
 
140 
 
 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 specially named. As two of the other Companies 
 out of the four originally endorsed on this writ 
 were still continuing business, viz. : the York 
 Buildings and English Lustring Companies, it is 
 probable that they had satisfied the ends of 
 justice, receiving tacit or implied permission to 
 continue their operations, though no doubt in a 
 modified form. 
 
 A clergyman, whom his Grace much esteemed, 
 was at Canons one day, looking over the library. 
 The Duke, wishing to make the divine a present, 
 as a small token of his esteem, desired him 
 to select any book he liked. The learned 
 divine thereon chose a volume of no great 
 value. On reaching home, and opening the book, 
 he was greatly surprised to find a bank bill of 
 considerable value between its pages. Feeling 
 sure that his Grace could not possibly have been 
 aware of the likelihood of his choosing the work 
 in question, he hastened to Canons the next day, 
 with both book and bill, and placed them before 
 the Duke, who thanked him for his trouble, 
 and took back the note or bill, only to exchange 
 it, however, for one of double the value. This 
 he handed to his clerical friend, remarking, 
 " Accept that, sir, for your honesty." This cir- 
 1 Grainger's Biography. 
 
Financial Troubles. 
 
 141 
 
 cumstance is quite in harmony with the character 
 of the Duke. 
 
 That fickle jade fortune further distressed 
 the ' Princely ' Chandos this year. Anxious, no 
 doubt, to retrieve his previous losses in joint 
 stock undertakings, he wooed the goddess some- 
 what too ardently, with the usual result to those 
 who have too much zeal ; she proved a ' jilt.' 
 This was fully exemplified by the unfortunate 
 turn taken by the affairs of the Royal African 
 Company. Its directors made a call of hi. 
 a share, and. shortly after ruthlessly declared 
 a reduced dividend of 1J- per cent. These 
 combined circumstances did not tend to improve 
 a falling market. The call pressed heavily on 
 several large holders of the Company's Stock ; 
 their shares, with 23 1, paid, being then only 
 worth 71. The Duke is said to have behaved in 
 his usual magnanimous manner, sticking to the 
 ' ship,' with great loss ultimately to himself and 
 his family. 
 
 Speaker Onslow's allusions to the Duke's 
 career may not be out of place here, although in 
 one or two instances the terms used scarcely 
 seem warranted. " The Duke of Chandos was 
 the most surprising instance of a change of for- 
 tune raised by a man himself, that had happened, 
 
142 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 I believe, in any age. When he first entered 
 into the office of Paymaster, he had little or no 
 estate of his own, and never inherited more than 
 a few hundred pounds per annum ; 1 bat by the 
 means of this office, and the improvements of 
 money, in little more than ten years, living ex- 
 pensively too in the meanwhile, he had accumu- 
 lated a fortune of six or seven hundred thousand 
 pounds — I have heard more — and without any 
 vices, or being addicted to pleasures, in the com- 
 pass of twenty-five years he was reduced to 
 almost the difficulties of indigence, 2 by a course 
 of extravagance in his expenditure that had 
 neither taste, use, or sense in them. He was a 
 bubble for every project, and a dupe to men that 
 nobody else would 3 keep company with. Yet 
 with all this, he had parts of understanding and 
 knowledge, experience of men and business and 
 a gravity of deportment, which more qualified 
 him for a wise man, than what the wisest men 
 have generally been possessed with. He fell — 
 for so indeed it should be called — pitied and 
 lamented by all who knew him, for a man of more 
 true goodness of nature, or gentleness of manners 
 
 1 Doubtful. 
 
 2 This is a rather strong term, but the reader will be able to 
 judge for himself as he proceeds. 
 
 3 I cannot entirely substantiate this. — Author. 
 
Speaker Onslow's Opinion. 
 
 143 
 
 never lived." The foregoing character confirms 
 that of other authorities, although Speaker Onslow 
 furnishes details which many have overlooked ; 
 these will assist in elucidating much that will 
 appear in the following pages. 
 
CHAPTER XV. 
 
 The Duke of Chandos' gift to his labourers — Daniel Defoe's 
 reference to Canons — Marriage of the Marquis of Carnarvon 
 — Mr. Munroe, the Duke's organist — His Grace brings 
 another question of privilege before the Lords — George 
 Vertue, the engraver's, allusions to the pictures, etc., at 
 Canons — The unfavourable agricultural season of 1725 — 
 His Grace relieves many distressed husbandmen — Copy of 
 a MS. letter to Lord Pysart by the Duke of Chandos. 
 
 The Duke of Chandos, though a kind master and 
 generous patron, possessed a shrewd knowledge 
 of men, gained by business intercourse with their 
 varied ranks, which would have served him well 
 if carried into all his transactions, and particu- 
 larly money matters. As an instance of his per- 
 spicuity, the following is recorded. The Duke, in 
 his occasional bounties to labourers on his estate, 
 would never exceed the sum of sixpence to each ; 
 this, being personally given, was generally accom- 
 panied by, " That may do you good, more, idle 
 and drunk," a sweeping allegation, though it 
 contains a substratum of truth. 
 
 The immortal author of " Robinson Crusoe," 
 Daniel Defoe, in his work entitled " A Gentle- 
 
Defoe's Reference to Canons. 145 
 
 man's Tour through England," published in 1724, 
 refers to the magnificence of Canons, but he does 
 not give so precise an account as that already 
 presented to the reader. He, however, frankly 
 acknowledges that " his pen could ill describe the 
 place, a pencil not much better, being only fit to 
 be spoken of when on the spot." After other 
 panegyrics, the observant Defoe dwells rapturously 
 upon the private chapel, and further dwells on the 
 rapidity with which the whole edifice was erected, 
 and thinks its noble owner fully deserving of the 
 motto assumed by one of the French Kings, 
 "He saw and it was made." The retinue of his 
 Grace, he avers, numbered some 120 persons 
 (thus bearing out previous allusions) ; the cater- 
 ing for these being conducted so that " a face of 
 plenty appears in every part of it, nothing need- 
 ful being withheld, nothing pleasant restrained, 
 every servant in the house is made easy, and his 
 life comfortable, and they have the felicity that 
 it is their lord's delight and desire it should be 
 so." Defoe's visit took place April, 1724, as he 
 mentions finding the family much pleased by the 
 marriage of the Duke's eldest son, John, Marquis 
 of Carnarvon, who married, early in this month, 
 the Lady Catherine Tollemache, daughter of the 
 Earl of Dysart, the ceremony taking place at 
 Canons. 
 
 L 
 
146 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 His Grace still maintained the services in His 
 private chapel at Canons ; although they were 
 not conducted by such contemporary geniuses 
 as Handel or Dr. Pepusch. A newspaper of that 
 period states, that a Mr. Munroe followed those 
 great masters ; this gentleman had previously 
 served his Grace in the less dignified position of 
 page, and afterwards was appointed his organist. 
 Mr. Munroe no doubt possessed musical talent ; 
 for during the same year he was appointed 
 organist of St. Peter's, Cornhill. 
 
 The question of privilege that the Duke of 
 Chandos had raised some few years previously 
 in the Lords, was again brought before their 
 Lordships by his Grace, in another form, on 
 the 15th March, 1725. The breach complained 
 of was the arrest of one Richard Leach, a helper 
 in the stables of James, Duke of Chandos, by 
 one Timothy King, an officer of the Marshalsea 
 Court, at the suit of Edward Brignall, during 
 the sitting of their Honourable House, in other 
 words, during the Sessions of Parliament. 
 Having heard the evidence in support of the 
 breach, the Gentleman Usher of the Black Rod, 
 his deputy or deputies, were ordered to attach the 
 persons of the aforesaid Timothy King and 
 Edward Brignall, for the offence alleged, and to 
 
A Breach of Privilege. 
 
 hold them in safe custody during the pleasure 
 of that House. This having been accomplished, 
 they were brought to the Bar of the House, in 
 custody of the Gentleman Usher of the Black Rod, 
 ■where, upon their knees, they received a repri- 
 mand for their offence from the Lord Chancellor, 
 and thereon were ordered to be discharged from 
 custody, upon payment of certain fees (these 
 had been recently re-adjusted). 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 To the Gentleman Usher of the Black Rod (on attach- 
 ment 5 0 0 
 
 Ditto upon discharge 5 0 0 
 
 For every day's custody 16 8 
 
 To the Yeoman Usher, on attachment . . .200 
 Ditto upon discharge . . . .200 
 To the Clerk of the Parliament for the order of release 6 13 4 
 To his Clerk Assistant 2 0 0 
 
 Verily a merry little scale of fees, wherefrom 
 to frame a nice little bill for an unfortunate 
 delinquent enjoying the appellation " commoner." 
 On the other hand, the peers were heavily mulcted 
 if their transgressions needed the services of the 
 Gentleman Usher. 
 
 The reader has had an account of Canons and 
 its grounds ; mention is now to be made of its 
 art treasures. The observant George Vertue, 1 — 
 the famous engraver and connoisseur — alludes 
 
 1 Strawberry Hill MSS. 
 L 2 
 
148 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 to them after a visit to Canons, circa 1725, in 
 these words : " The Duke of Chandos' house, 
 several paintings in the chapel by Bellouchi, in 
 the house some by Sir James Thornhill, much 
 fine sculpture, marble statues, books, etc. The 
 great grandfather (picture) of the Duke, an old 
 man, the face very natural — the manner stiff. 
 The Duke's father, a wig and whiskers ; his 
 grandfather, a half-length Yandyck, a good 
 copy ; several of his relations, and his own 
 picture ; his first lady, his son, and a daughter, 
 by Sir Godfrey Kneller; the Duchess of 
 Buckingham in a black setting, with children 
 by her; the Duke's picture hung up above, 
 supposed to have been painted after his death, 
 either by Vandyck or after him, most likely 
 Mytens. At Whitchurch, near Canons. The 
 Church built lately, of brick, and adorned at the 
 expense of the Duke of Chandos ; the altar 
 painted by Laguerre ; the ceiling, eight Scripture 
 scenes, the life of Christ ; two other large pieces 
 by the altar, all ornamented, and painted by the 
 same master with great force and strength. A 
 nativity and a dead Christ, since painted by side 
 of altar, by another hand, Bellouchi, an Italian." 
 The foregoing is but a meagre account of the 
 pictures and treasures at Canons, but important 
 
A Wet Summer. 
 
 149 
 
 as concerning the paintings in the parish church. 
 Vertue, after the Duke's death, made a further 
 inspection of the objects of art, particularly the 
 pictures, during their disposal; his remarks, 
 together with a full account of the paintings, 
 will be given later. 1 
 
 The summer of 1725 was particularly wet, and 
 seriously affected the hay harvest ; so much 
 so as to cause great distress among those who 
 had journeyed in search of hay-making. To- 
 wards the end of June three hundred of these 
 persons marched to the Boyal Exchange, where 
 a collection was made for them amongst the 
 merchants. The amount, being divided, came to 
 about sixpence each. The Duke, having heard of 
 the circumstance, considered it a good opportunity 
 for his appearance as the Princely Chandos, and 
 caused it to be intimated that, if any necessitous 
 husbandmen were in the neighbourhood of Canons, 
 and would present themselves at his gates on a 
 certain day, they should be relieved. To this 
 invitation about one hundred and fifty assembled, 
 when each was given a half crown and a sixpenny 
 loaf. It is said such kindness led many of the 
 neighbouring gentry to follow the Duke's example. 
 
 1 See pages 213—219. 
 
150 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 The disastrous agricultural season alluded to 
 and the affairs of the African Company, appear 
 to have made inroads upon his Grace's fortune 
 this year, as the following letter 1 shows : — 
 
 " Canons, 
 
 "October 16th, 1725. 
 " My Lord, — The convincing proof you have 
 been pleased to give me of your wishes for ye 
 welfare of my family 2 (ye happiness of which you 
 have in so distinguished a manner been so good to 
 compleat) makes me flatter myself you will not 
 take amiss ye liberty I use to communicate to you, 
 a matter of some importance to Lord Carnarvon, 
 upon which I shall be proud to know your Lord- 
 ship's sentiments, and to receive ye honour of 
 your advice. It relates my Lord to ye grant of 
 Enfield Chace, made by King William and Queen 
 Mary to Sir Robert Howard, and which I bought 
 of Sir William Pearson, some years ago. 1 have 
 in it a term of fifty- three years, to commence 
 from ye expiration of that made to Lord Lisburn, 
 by King James, in which Mr. Pepper, who is now 
 in possession of it, hath still twelve years to run ; 
 this gentleman finding himself not so well able 
 
 1 Original in MS. Department, British Museum. 
 
 2 Kef erring to the marriage of his son with the Earl of Dysart's 
 daughter. 
 
A Letter from Canons. 151 
 
 through ye decay of his health, to take that care 
 of it, it requires, is inclined to dispose of ye 
 remainder of his term. Mr. Pulteney having it 
 applied to me to know if in case he could agree 
 with him I would be willing to sell him likewise 
 my grant, by which means he would be secured, 
 of a term of sixty-eight years. I cannot but 
 acknowledge I inadvertently gave him too much 
 encouragement to proceed in such a treaty, which 
 hath had that effect, that he now acquaints me he 
 hath absolutely concluded it with ye Government, 
 for a sum certain, but as I have since considered 
 more carefully ye importance of this grant, from 
 ye severall advantages which may arise from it, 
 I think it is of too great consequence to be 
 parted with rashly, from my family, and Mr. 
 Pulteney is so sensible of this, that he generously 
 offers that in case I incline to keep it, to relin- 
 quish his bargain with Mr. Pepper to me, upon 
 ye terms ye hath agreed it. By ye particulars 
 which I have ye honour to enclose to you, your 
 Lordship will see — for it is upwards of 630Z. per 
 annum— but the great advantage which may be 
 hoped for in time from it consists chiefly in this, 
 that ye Chais — Chace — contains 14,000 acres, most 
 of which will let for between 20s. and 30s. an 
 acre. If not and ye publick should be inclined 
 
iS2 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 to enclose this ground there is no doubt, but a 
 large tract thereof would be assigned to ye owner 
 of this grant, in consideration of his right or if 
 that design — which hath been often of late 
 thought on— should now be effective, it is to be 
 hoped, and I think hardly to be questioned, but 
 that Lord Carnarvon would find it almost enough 
 to obtain lycenzes— licences— from time to time, 
 to enclose portions of it. Mr. Pepper hath lately 
 had leave to do so, by ninety odd acres, and if it 
 was granted to him Lord Carnarvon, will have 
 no reason to despair, of getting ye same liberty 
 to do ye like, by more considerable parcels. I 
 might add it is not distant above seven miles from 
 Canons, hath an extraordinary good house upon 
 it, fit for a gentleman, gardens well planted, with 
 fruit, and several good fish ponds. It joyns 
 likewise to ye Manor of Totteridge, and Barnet 
 which your lordship knows are settled on your 
 son-in-law (Lord Canarvon). I can sell my grant 
 for between eight and ten thousand pounds, but 
 as I should be concerned for so fine an estate, and 
 so desirable— With regard to ye command as well 
 as profit it carries with it — go out of my family. 
 What I have humbly to propose to your lordship, 
 is, that if you think it a matter so far worthy 
 your notice so to incline ye to lay down ye money 
 
A Letter from Canons. 
 
 i53 
 
 Mr. Pulteney, bath agreed to give Mr. Pepper 
 — which I take" to be between four and five 
 thousand pounds — and 4000L more to me for my 
 grant I'll assign it over to Lord Carnarvon, and 
 consent to it being settled in jointure, on his lady, 
 and will pay your lordship interest at ye rate of 
 4 per cent, for ye 4000Z., ye amount of ye purchase, 
 ye make of my grant, and question not but Lord 
 Carnarvon will do ye same for ye money, you 
 shall be pleased to lay down for Mr. Pulteney, 
 for what he is to pay Mr. Pepper for ye remainder 
 of his term, by this means your lordship will have 
 an opportunity of increasing ye favours ye have 
 already bestowed upon me by augmenting Lord 
 Carnarvon's present estate, and your daughters 
 joynture, above 630Z. per annum — and which in 
 all probability will come in time to be a great deal 
 more — without being out of pocket yourself, since 
 your having to receive interest, for ye money, you 
 lay down, renders this transaction, little other 
 than changing hands, in a mortgage, especially 
 since, you are both very ready and desirous to 
 consent that this estate, be charged with and 
 made a security, for ye money to be disposed of 
 by your lordship, as you shall think fit. I am 
 sensible my Lord it will be troublesome for you 
 to write an answer to this long letter and there- 
 
154 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 fore, if you'll allow me ye liberty I'll have ye 
 honor, to wait on you on Tuesday morning to 
 know your pleasure herein, and ye other business. 
 I have promised Mr. Pulteney to let him know what 
 he is to depend on in this affair ye middle of next 
 week. Lord and Lady Carnarvon desires Lady 
 Dysart, and your Lordship will please to accept 
 of their most humble duties, and my wife joyns 
 with me, in ye same assurances on her part, that 
 I do on mine, that I am to her Ladyship and to 
 your Lordship, 
 
 " My Lord, 
 " A most faithfull and obedient Servant, 
 
 " Chandos." 
 
 This letter is a very fine specimen of ' special 
 pleading ' in the epistolary art, as well as a 
 proof that the rumours afloat were correct ; 
 though his Grace still resided at Canons, and 
 kept up his residences at Bath and elsewhere. It 
 cannot be said with certainty, that Lord Dysart 
 complied with his noble relative's request ; it is 
 thought he did not, and other references tend to 
 confirm this. 
 
CHAPTER XVI. 
 
 John, Marquis of Carnarvon, enters the House of Commons — His 
 death — The Duke of Chandos' bowling green at Stanmore 
 — Petitions for a warrant (Privy Seal) on final accounts 
 relating to the army — Lord Henry Brydges assumes 
 the courtesy title of Marquis of Carnarvon — The Duke 
 of Chandos erects a residence and other buildings at Bath 
 — S. Humphreys' poem, entitled " Canons," dedicated 
 to his Grace — The Duke's tenants in Middle Scotland 
 Yard petition the Treasury — His Grace's projected resi- 
 dence in Cavendish Square — Marriage of Henry, Marquis 
 of Carnarvon — A servant of the Duke's waylaid — Sale of 
 the Advowson of Kotherhithe — The Duke and Barnet 
 Races — Another of his servants waylaid and robbed — The 
 pOet Young inscribes his poem, " Imperium Pelagi," to the 
 Duke— Alexander Pope describes Canons in his poem 
 called " Moral Essays " — Public feeling upon the attack. 
 
 In 1726, John, Marquis of Carnarvon, entered 
 the House of Commons as M.P. for Steyning, 
 Sussex, in place of Major-General Pepper. Un- 
 fortunately, he did not live sufficiently long to 
 permit of any opinion being formed of his pro- 
 bable success as a legislator ; he died April 5th, 
 1727, much to the regret of his family and 
 friends, from an attack of small pox. 
 
 The time-honoured game of bowls, appears to 
 
156 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 have been considered too plebeian a pastime to 
 be indulged in at Canons, whose princely owner, 
 however, unwilling to deprive his guests of such 
 an old English game, had a piece of ground on 
 which a handsome pavilion was erected, laid out 
 at Stanmore for the purpose. It is said that his 
 Grace built a Dower house at Stanmore for his 
 Duchess. 
 
 Many would consider fourteen years sufficient 
 time to complete the audit and inspection of 
 the accounts concerning his Grace's late position 
 as Paymaster-General ; but, by a petition 1 dated 
 May, 1727, he evidently considered from that the 
 accounts were being too expeditiously audited ! 
 The Duke asserted that sundry of these, amount- 
 ing to 14,612Z. 9s. 6d., were only just complete ; 
 and prayed that a warrant (Privy Seal) might 
 issue for this amount on his final account. As 
 this document is unendorsed, I am unable to 
 present the reader with the views of their Lord- 
 ships of the Treasury on the subject. 
 
 Lord Henry Brydges was relieved, in July, 1727, 
 of any apprehension as to his succession to the 
 courtesy title of Marquis of Carnarvon, and as 
 heir apparent to the Dukedom of Chandos. His 
 late brother's wife gave birth to a daughter, 
 
 1 Redington's Calendar of Treasury Papers. 
 
Teie Duke builds at Bath. 
 
 157 
 
 much, no doubt, to the disappointment of that 
 lady and her relatives. Pending this event, 
 his lordship appears to have been called by the 
 courtesy title, and is so described when taking 
 part in the coronation of G-eorge II. 
 
 The Duke of Chandos, in 1727, appears to have 
 recovered in some measure his pecuniary position ; 
 he rebuilt at Bath, for a residence, a house that 
 formerly belonged to Lord Robert Brook, and 
 also built a court of houses containing five 
 residences, all from the designs of Mr. Wood, 
 a local architect of repute. His Grace like- 
 wise obtained some property contiguous to 
 the Hospital of St. John the Baptist (an old 
 charitable institution of Bath), but he could not 
 rebuild his property without disturbing the 
 occupants of that institution. The Duke there- 
 fore arranged with the trustees, that the whole 
 should be demolished, his Grace undertaking to 
 rebuild the hospital in return for some favours 
 shown regarding the building line of his property; 
 this arrangement, it is said, gave the occupants 
 of the hospital more room and comfort. 
 
 The Duke was again honoured, in 1728, with 
 poetic effusions. These were upon his estate of 
 " Canons," by S. Humphreys, a poet whose fame 
 has not been handed down to posterity. The 
 
158 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 composition is of a similar character to that by 
 Grildon, some years before, therefore the reader 
 shall not be troubled with any of this tyro's 
 warblings. Why they were ever produced or 
 published is a matter of amazement, unless it 
 were to find a patron in the Duke; but this 
 motive does not appear to have been successful. 
 
 The subjoined extract from a petition 1 pre- 
 sented to the Lords of Treasury during Decem- 
 ber, 1728, is curious, as showing the difference 
 in procedure for the redress of grievances in 
 those days from the method of our time. 
 Messrs. P. Farewell and R. Moore, wharfingers 
 of Middle Scotland Yard, "Whitehall, state that 
 they are under-tenants of a piece of ground, 
 situate in that yard, adjoining the River Thames, 
 which was granted to the Duke of Chandos 
 and his heirs, with free liberty of making a 
 wharf for the loading and carriage of goods. 
 In October last, the wharf was broken up to 
 make a drain, whereby petitioners have been 
 prevented from doing any work, by which they 
 have not only lost their business, but also 
 their customers, and must be ruined unless re- 
 lieved. Minuted, " It is a common sewer, and 
 the inconvenience, if any, must be submitted 
 1 Redington's Calendar of Treasury Papers. 
 
Cavendish Square. 
 
 159 
 
 to." This petition is interesting from another 
 point, showing that Father Thames, at that 
 time, was sufficiently deep to permit of barges 
 being discharged on what has been terra firma 
 since the building of the Thames Embank- 
 ment. 
 
 The changes that had occurred in the Duke's 
 fortune prevented him from carrying out his 
 original intention in respect to building a new re- 
 sidence in Cavendish Square. It is also difficult 
 to fix the exact date of the erection of the two 
 brick mansions that are 1 still to be seen there, 
 one at the corner of Harley Street, the other 
 at the corner of Ohandos Street ; 2 both houses 
 form the termination of the north side of 
 Cavendish Square. Many writers have assumed 
 that the houses were intended as wings to the 
 proposed edifice. This is extremely doubtful: 
 on reference to the plan showing the elevation 
 proposed, I am inclined to believe that they were 
 built as separate residences to make the ground 
 remunerative ; one of them being used as the 
 residence of his Grace, until he should be able to 
 cover the intervening space with a more magni- 
 ficent edifice. The space was kept boarded or 
 walled in for many years, in fact until after the 
 1 In 1892. 2 Chandos House. 
 
i6o The Princely Chandos. 
 
 Duke's death, when the residences now standing 
 upon it were erected. 
 
 On December 21st, 1728, Henry, Marquis of 
 Carnarvon, was married to the daughter of Lord 
 Bruce, with great ceremony. On the Sunday fol- 
 lowing, the Queen Consort and several lords and 
 ladies of her Court, were pleased to wear the 
 favours presented to them on the occasion of the 
 marriage, when they attended divine service at 
 the Chapel Royal. 
 
 One of his Grace's servants was waylaid and 
 robbed on the road to Canons in the January of 
 the next year, the thieves relieving him of one 
 guinea and a half, though he fortunately saved 
 three guineas by dropping them into his boots. 
 Owing to the dangerous condition of the road it 
 is a matter of surprise that these attacks were 
 not more frequently made upon the Duke and 
 his retainers. 
 
 In 1730, his Grace sold, to the Master and 
 Fellows of Clare Hall, Cambridge, the advowson 
 of Rotherhithe, which he had acquired in 1721. 
 The exact reason for the sale of the patronage 
 cannot be traced. 
 
 During September of the same year, Barnet 
 Races were held. This may be information to 
 readers interested in sporting matters, though 
 
Highwaymen Again. 
 
 161 
 
 the meeting is now numbered amongst the 
 bygones ; in fact, few probably know that it ever 
 flourished. The following will show the way 
 in which the Duke of Ohandos interested himself 
 at this meeting, the " Tuesday began the horse 
 races at Barnet, when Mr. Jones's mare, Sweetest 
 when Naked, was distanced the first heat by a 
 stone horse, unknown, who won the plate, by 
 which very considerable sums of money were lost 
 by the jockeys, who laid great odds. On 
 Wednesday, the hi. plate was won by Towns- 
 end's galloway, and a buck, given by the Duke 
 of Chandos, was won by Mr. Nash's horse." 
 The buck, no doubt, was the product of his 
 Grace's park at Canons. 
 
 Upon the evening of the last mentioned day, 
 another of the Duke's domestics was attacked 
 by two highwaymen in going from London to 
 Canons. The robbers came up to him a little 
 beyond Kilburu turnpike, and made him dis- 
 mount, whereon they led him into an adjacent 
 field, the better to search him without molestation, 
 though their captive had nothing on him worthy 
 the name of booty. To revenge themselves in 
 a measure, and also to prevent their captive from 
 raising an alarm, they bound him with his garters, 
 leaving him in the field, where he lay until between 
 
 M 
 
162 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 eleven and twelve o'clock the same night, before 
 he could attract the attention of a passer-by. 
 
 Young, the well-known author of " Night 
 Thoughts " and other poems, produced, in 1730, 
 his Imperium Pelagi, a novel lyric, written in 
 imitation of Pindar's manner. The lyric was 
 written to commemorate his Majesty's return from 
 Hanover in the September of the former year, 
 together with the succeeding Peace. This work 
 he inscribed to the Duke of Chandos, whom he 
 refers to in the Prologue or Argument, thus : — 
 
 " Plenty's a means, and joy's the end, 
 Exalted mind their joys extend, 
 A Chandos shines, when other joys are done, 
 As lofty turrets, by their height, 
 Eetain the rays of the declining Sun," 
 
 and again, towards the close, the following 
 occurs : — 
 
 " Nor Chandos ! thou the Muse despise 
 That would to glowing Acteon rise, 
 (Search Pindar's breast) thou Theron of our time. 
 Seldom to man the Gods impart 
 A Pindar's head, a Theron 's heart 
 In life, or sing how rare, the tune sublime." 
 
 In the following year, Pope, the immortal bard 
 of Twickenham, wrote his poem of " The Use of 
 Riches/' dedicated to his patron, the Earl of 
 Burlington. This production was one of the 
 
Pope's Attack on the Duke. 
 
 163 
 
 series entitled "Moral Essays," and in it he 
 alludes to the Duke of Chandos, under the name 
 of Timon (not a happy comparison). The 
 references made will interest the reader, who, by 
 this time, probably knows more concerning the 
 * Princely ' Chandos than the ' note of interro- 
 gation ' ever knew. 
 
 " At Timon 's villa let us pass a day, 
 
 Where all cry out : 1 What sums are thrown away ! ' 
 
 So proud, so grand: of that stupendous air, 
 
 Soft and agreeable come never there. 
 
 Greatness with Timon dwells in such a drought 
 
 As brings all Brobdignag before your thought. 
 . To compass this, his building is a town, 
 
 His pond an ocean, his parterre a down: 
 
 Who but must laugh the master, when he sees, 
 
 A puny insect, shivering in the breeze ! 
 
 Lo ! what huge heaps of littleness around, 
 
 The whole a laboured quarry above ground. 
 
 Two Cupids squirt before a lake behind: 
 
 Improves the keenness of the northern wind. 
 
 His gardens next your admiration call, 
 
 On every side you look, behold the wall ! 
 
 No pleasing intricacies intervene, 
 No artful wildness to perplex the scene : 
 Grove nods at grove, each alley has a brother, 
 And half the platform just reflects the other. 
 The suffering eye, inverted nature sees, 
 Trees cut like statues, statues thick as trees, 
 With here a fountain, never to be played ; 
 And there a summer-house, that knows no shade : 
 Here Amphitrite sails through myrtle bowers ; 
 There gladiators fight, or die in flowers ; 
 Unwatered all the drooping sea horse mourn, 
 M 2 
 
The Princely Chandos. 
 
 And swallows roost in Nilus' dusty urn. 
 
 My lord advances with majestic mien, 
 
 Smit with the mighty pleasures to be seen : 
 
 But soft — by regular approach — not yet, 
 
 First through the length of yon hot terrace sweat ; 
 
 And when up ten steep slopes you've dragged your thighs, 
 
 Just at his study-door he'll bless your eyes. 
 
 His study ! with what authors is it stored 1 
 
 In books, not authors, curious is my Lord ; 
 
 To all their dated backs he turns you round ; 
 
 These Aldus printed, those Du Sueil has bound, 
 
 Lo ! some are vellum, and the rest as good 
 
 For all his lordship knows, but they are wood. 
 
 For Locke or Milton 'tis in vain to look, 
 
 These shelves admit not any modern book. 
 
 And now the chapel's silver bell you hear, 
 
 That summons you to all the pride of prayer : 
 
 Light quirks of music, broken and uneven, 
 
 Make the soul dance upon a jig to Heaven, 
 
 On painted ceilings you devoutly stare, 
 
 Where sprawl the saints of Verrio 1 or Zaguerre, 
 
 On gilded clouds in fair expansion lie, 
 
 And bring all Paradise before your eye. 
 
 To rest, the soft cushion, and soft dean invite, 
 
 Who never mentions hell to ears polite. 
 
 But hark ! the chiming clocks to dinner call ; 
 
 A hundred footsteps scrape the marble hall, 
 
 The rich buffet well coloured serpents grace, 
 
 And gaping Tritons spew to wash your face. 
 
 1 Pope is quite right to place this name suppositiously, though 
 a little research would have prevented his perpetuating a 
 mistake, still retained by many. Verrio died in 1707, some 
 years before Canons was begun, and therefore, after the re- 
 building of St. Lawrence's, Whitchurch, some of whose decora- 
 tions are attributed to this artist (Verrio). 
 
 2 Laguerre, however, was a pupil or disciple of Verrio's. 
 
Pope's Attack on the Duke. 
 
 165 
 
 Is this a dinner 1 This a genial room ? 
 
 No, 'tis a temple, and a hecatomb. 
 
 A solemn sacrifice, performed in state, 
 
 You drink to measure, and to minutes eat, 
 
 So quick retires each flying course you'd swear 
 
 Sancho's dread doctor and his wand were there. 
 
 Between each act the trembling salvers ring, 
 
 From soup to sweet wine, and God bless the king. 
 
 In plenty starving, tantalized in state, 
 
 And complaisaently helped to all I hate. 
 
 Treated, caressed, and tired, I take my leave, 
 
 Sick of his civil pride from morn till eve ; 
 
 I curse such lavish cost and little skill, 
 
 And swear no day was ever passed so ill. 
 
 Yet hence the poor are clothed, the hungry fed; 
 
 Health to himself, and to his infants bread, 
 
 The labourer bears : what his hard heart denies, 
 
 His charitable vanity supplies. 
 
 Another age shall see the golden ear 
 
 Imbrown the slope, and nod on the parterre, 
 
 Deep harvest bury all his pride has planned, 
 
 And laughing Ceres reassume the land." 
 
 These lines confirm what has already been 
 stated respecting the grandeur of Canons, though 
 the poet, with others, takes exception to some 
 want of taste, which lavish expenditure does not 
 always atone for. In making comparison between 
 his Grace and Timon, Pope evidently had in his 
 mind the old fable of the ' ass and the dying 
 lion,' inclining probably to the belief that as his 
 Grace's fortunes were upon the wane, he would 
 be able to point the finger of scorn at him with 
 
166 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 impunity. The poet's judgment was evidently 
 at fault, as the populace testified by their dissent 
 from the attack on one for whom they entertained 
 much respect. This revulsion caused Pope to 
 prevaricate in a manner unworthy of his repu- 
 tation. In fact, it is difficult to find a parallel 
 case in Pope's career in which the public so 
 thoroughly disagreed with the poet's muse. 
 
CHAPTER XVIT. 
 
 Pope denies that the Duke of Chandos was meant for the 
 1 Tinion ' of his poem — Letters upon the subject in the 
 Daily Gourant — Pope personally addresses the Duke on 
 the matter — His Grace's reply — Lady Betty Germain 
 alludes to this controversy in a letter to Dean Swift — Bill 
 passed for vesting certain lands appertaining to the Duke- 
 dom of Chandos — Hogarth caricatures Pope — The Duke of 
 Chandos lends his house at Bath to the Prince of Orange. 
 
 The reader of these pages has seen enough to 
 justify the popular presumption that the lines of 
 Pope clearly point to Canons and the Duke of 
 Chandos. The poet soon found he had raised a 
 hornet's nest about his ears, in the form of 
 dissent from his views, though at every oppor- 
 tunity he strenuously denied the application. 
 Such proceedings made matters worse than an 
 open apology would have done, the denial giving 
 greater publicity to the attack. Thereon Pope 
 found he had overstepped the bounds of prudence, 
 though he still persistently disavowed the appli- 
 cation, not only in public, but also in his private 
 correspondence ; an instance of this is shown in 
 the following letter to Aaron Hill. 
 
168 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 " Twickenham, December 22nd, 1731. 
 " Dear Sir, — I thank you for your Tragedy, 
 which I have now read over a sixth time, and of 
 which I not only preserve, but increase my 
 esteem. You have been kind to this age in not 
 telling the next in your preface, the ill taste of 
 the town — of which reception you describe it 
 to have given of your play, more, indeed, than I 
 had heard, or could have imagined — is a more 
 flagrant instance than any of those trifles 
 mentioned in my epistle, which yet I hear the sore 
 vanity of our pretenders to Taste flinches at ex- 
 tremely the little you mention had been a 
 properer 1 to that epistle, I have heard no 
 criticisms about it, nor do I listen after 'em. " Nos 
 hsec minimus esse nihil." I mean I know the 
 verses to be so, but as you are a man of tender 
 sentiments of honour, I know it will grieve you 
 to hear another indirectly charged with a crime 
 his heart is free from, for if there be truth in the 
 world, I declare to you I never imagined the 
 least application of what I said of Timon could be 
 made to the Duke of Chandos, than whom there 
 is scarce a more blameless, worthy and generous 
 beneficent character among all our nobility, and 
 if 1 have not lost my senses, the town has lost 
 1 I give the letter in its original form.— J. E. R. 
 
Pope's Letter to Aaron Hill. 169 
 
 'em. By what I heard so late as but two days 
 ago of the uproar upon this head, I am certain, if 
 you calmly read every particular of that descrip- 
 tion, you'll find almost all of 'em point blank the 
 reverse of that person's villa, it's an awkward 
 thing for a man to point in defence of his own 
 work against chimera, you know not who or what 
 you fight against, the objections stand up in a 
 new shape, like the armies and phantoms of a 
 magician, and no weapon can cut a mist or a 
 shadow. Yet it would have been a word in jus- 
 tification against a most malicious falsehood — I 
 speak of such as have known by their own 
 experience these twenty years, that I always took 
 up their defence, when any streams of calumny 
 ran upon 'em — if it gives the Duke one moment's 
 uneasiness, I shall think myself ill-paid, if the 
 whole world admired the poetry, and believe me 
 would rather never have written a verse in my 
 life, than any one of them should front, to a truly 
 good man. It was once my case before — but 
 happily reconciled — and among generous minds 
 nothing so endears friends, as the having offended 
 one another. I lament the malice of the age, 
 that studies to see its own listeners in every- 
 thing : I lament the dulness of it that cannot see 
 an excellence. The first is my unhappiness, the 
 
170 
 
 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 second yours ; I look upon the fate of your 
 piece, like that of a great treasure, which is 
 buried as soon as brought to light, but it is sure 
 to be dug up the next age. 
 
 " I have been very sensible in these two 
 occasions to feel them — as I have done — at a time 
 when I daily fear'd the loss of — what is and ought 
 to be dearer to me than my reputation, but that 
 of a friend, or anything except my morals — of a 
 most tender parent, she is alive and that is all. 
 I have perceived my heart in this, and you may 
 believe me sincerely, 
 
 " Dear sir, 
 " Your faithful and affectionate servant, 
 
 " A. Pope." 
 
 The foregoing letter has an important bearing 
 on the controversy, and one that appears to have 
 escaped research by many in alluding to this 
 matter ; but the denial did not and will not stand 
 the test of comparison with the references so 
 pointedly made. The letter appears to be al- 
 most a plea ad misericordiam on the writer's 
 behalf, and to intimate that Mr. Hill should 
 enter the arena of public opinion in defence of 
 the poet. Again, Pope somewhat overacts his 
 disavowal by dwelling upon the popularity and 
 
Deprecatory, but Vain. 
 
 171 
 
 public character of the Duke of Chandos. 
 This serves to make the epistolary satire still 
 more calumnious ; nor does Mr. Hill appear to 
 have thrown himself into the £ breach ' in his 
 friend's defence. 
 
 On the next day, the following letter appeared 
 in the Daily Courant, December 23rd, 1731: — 
 
 " To John Gay, Esq. 1 
 
 "Sie, — Had the author — of the Epistle on 
 Taste — attacked vice, at a time when it is not 
 only tolerated, but triumphant, and proclaimed 
 with ostentation, as a merit, I should have been 
 under some apprehension for the consequence. 
 
 " 'Tis said the satire is personal. I thought it 
 could not be so, because all its reflections are on 
 things, and not on persons, not on the man, but 
 on his house and gardens, pictures, statues, 
 trimmed trees, and violins. 
 
 " Some fancy that to say a thing is personal is 
 the same as to say it is unjust, not considering 
 that nothing can be just but what is personal. 
 I am afraid, such writings as teach no man, will 
 mend no man. 
 
 " The application of Timon's character to the 
 Duke of Chandos, is monstrous as it imputed, to 
 1 The poet Pope's friend, patronized by the Duke of Chandos. 
 
172 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 the person the most different in the world from 
 a man hater, and whose taste and encouragement 
 of wit have ever been shown in the rightest 
 place. This author has always been distinguished 
 and favored by this very person, besides, is his 
 garden crowded with walls ? Are his trees cut 
 into figures of men ? Do his basons want water ? 
 I am sick of such foolish applications." 
 
 The letter does not bear any signature, assumed 
 or otherwise. Why it is addressed to the poet's 
 compeer Gay is uncertain, unless he had remarked 
 the want of " taste " in his friend Pope's applica- 
 tion. The other communication that appeared 
 conjointly with the above, runs as follows : — 
 
 " To A P e, Esq. 
 
 " Sir, — You insinuate as if vice was authorized 
 by law, and so triumphant, as not to be opposed 
 without ill consequences, at a time when the laws 
 against immorality were never so strictly executed 
 since the Reformation. Are not the following 
 personal ? 
 
 " Who but must laugh, the master when he sees 
 A puny insect, shivering at a breeze ! 
 Behold, my Lord, advances o'er the green, 
 Smit, with the mighty pleasures to be seen." 
 
 " By the word just, you must mean like, and 
 by unjust injurious, for the more just — like — a 
 
Special Pleading. 
 
 173 
 
 personal reflection is, so much the more unjust — 
 injurious — it must be, so that these insinuating 
 men seem to reason very like. 
 
 " If you had consulted your Scotch retailer of 
 Boyle, and Moren, he would tell you that Tiraon 
 was first eminent for his extraordinary generosity, 
 the abuse of which drove him into a hatred of 
 mankind ! viz., 
 
 " Treated, caressed, and tired, I take my leave, 
 Sick of his civil pride, from morn to eve." 
 
 " It is a known trick amongst lampooners, 
 when a man is to be ridiculed to draw the re- 
 markable lines of his picture, beyond the life, 
 yet with such resemblance, that all the world may 
 cry c 'Tis he.' " 
 
 Like the letter preceding, this one also bears 
 no signature, and both are fair specimens of the 
 letters which appeared in the controversy. Some 
 asserted that it was unworthy of the poet to 
 assail a man of rank and generosity, who was 
 popularly credited with having befriended Pope 
 by a gift of 1000L ; but here again, common re- 
 port was a common perverter of the 6 truth,' as 
 Pope himself denied this, nor does there appear 
 to be any foundation for the rumour. Pope still 
 endeavoured to allay the public irritation by all 
 kinds of subterfuges, going so far as to indite an 
 
174 
 
 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 apology under the nom de plume of Gleland. 
 But the artifice was no more successful than his 
 dissimulation. He was driven at last to indite 
 an exculpatory letter to the Duke himself. His 
 Grace answered with magnanimity, as a man 
 accepting the excuse without believing the pro- 
 fessions, remarking " that to have ridiculed his 
 taste or his building, had been an indifferent 
 action in another man, but from him, after the 
 reciprocal kindness that had been exchanged 
 between them, it was less easily excused." This 
 is one rendering of part of the reply forwarded 
 by the Duke ; another runs thus, " he took the 
 application that had been made, as a sign of 
 malice of the town, against himself, and seemed 
 very well satisfied it was not meant for him." 
 As no verbatim copy of this correspondence can 
 be traced, the reader must accept the references 
 mentioned, though which is correct it is difficult 
 to say, but either shows the spirit in which the 
 reply was couched. 
 
 Lady Betty Germain, the correspondent of the 
 famous Dean Swift, alludes to Pope's discomfiture 
 in a letter to the Dean, dated 
 
 " January 11th, 1731-2. 
 " I met with your friend Mr. Pope the other 
 
william hogarth's plate 'taste.' 
 
 Page 175. 
 
Hogarth in the Field. 
 
 175 
 
 day ; he complains of not being well, and indeed 
 looked ill. I fear th at neither his wit or sense do 
 arm him enough against being hurt by malice, 
 and that he is too sensible of what fools say, the 
 run is much against him on the Duke of Ghandos's 
 account, but I believe their rage is not kindness 
 to the Duke, but glad to give it vent, with some 
 tolerable pretence of truth. . ." 
 
 Pope found himself next year attacked by 
 Hogarth, who is alleged to have been patronized 
 by the Duke of Chandos. In the well-known plate 
 called " The Man of Taste," by that eminent 
 painter and engraver, Pope is represented as 
 whitewashing the gate of Burlington House, 
 bespattering the coach of his Grace of Chandos 
 as it passes. The force of this caricature is as 
 keen to-day as when it appeared, satirizing the 
 poet's patron, as much as the poet had satirized 
 by his pen the Duke of Chandos. This probably 
 led Pope the next year to attempt a peace-offering 
 to the public and his Grace, by mentioning the 
 latter in a poem termed the " Characters of Men," 
 in these words, — 
 
 " Thus gracious Chandos is beloved at sight," 
 
 a somewhat fulsome eulogy after his previous 
 allusions in the Epistle on Taste, — 
 
 "Sick of his civil pride from morn to eve," etc. 
 
176 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 Hogarth's production, however, appears to 
 have established a truce between the poet's muse 
 and those whom it had offended ; though, by 
 the irony of fate, Pope's prophecy that — 
 
 " Another age shall see the golden ear 
 Imbrown the slope, and nod in the parterre," 
 
 became true, metaphorically speaking, by the 
 dismantling and piecemeal sale of the costly 
 fabric and its surroundings. 
 
 Leave was given this year — 1731 — by the 
 Upper House, to bring in a Bill vesting certain 
 manors and hereditaments in the said Duke and 
 his heirs, pursuant to certain articles of agree- 
 ment made upon the marriage of his son Henry 
 Brydges, commonly known as the Marquis of 
 Carnarvon, with the Honourable Mary Bruce, 
 eldest daughter of Charles, Lord Bruce. The 
 Bill passed the Lords and was thereupon sent 
 down to the Commons, who approved it without 
 any amendment, and shortly after it received the 
 Royal Assent. The bearer of the message of 
 concurrence with the Bill, from the Lower House, 
 was the then well-known ' Long ' Sir Thomas 
 Robinson. 
 
 In January, 1734, the residence of the Duke 
 at Bath was accepted by his Serene Highness 
 
Royalty at Bath. 
 
 177 
 
 the Prince of Orange, for a sojourn there while 
 taking the waters. Upon arriving, the Prince 
 dispatched an express to his Grace, at his house 
 in St. James's Square, intimating his safe arrival 
 with but little fatigue. Bath still retains a record 
 of this visit of his Serene Highness. 
 
CHAPTER XVIII. 
 
 Dean Swift and the Duke of Chandos — The Dean's verses on 
 his Grace — Lady Betty Germain and the Dean — Mrs. 
 Pendarves and the Dean — The Duke of Chandos' letters in 
 the Egerton MSS. collection — Death of his Grace's chap- 
 lain and of the second Duchess of Chandos. 
 
 Another literary giant of those days lias handed 
 the Duke down to posterity in prose and verse, 
 to wit, the celebrated Dean Swift, of St. Patrick's, 
 who addressed his Grace under date of August 
 31st, 1734, thus :— 
 
 " My Loed, — Although I have long had the 
 honour to be an humble servant to your Grace, 
 yet I do not remember to have ever written you 
 a letter, at least, since her Majesty's death, for 
 this reason, your Grace will considerably wonder 
 to find a man wholly forgotten, begin or com- 
 mence by making a request, for which I can offer 
 no other excuse than that frequent application 
 has been made to me by many learned and 
 worthy persons of this city and kingdom, who 
 having heard that I was not unknown to you, 
 seldom failed any opportunity of pressing me to 
 
A Letter from Dean Swift. 
 
 solicit your Grace — of whose generous nature 
 fame has well informed them — to make a present 
 of those ancient, records on paper or parchment, 
 which relate to this kingdom — Ireland — which 
 were formerly collected, as we have heard, by 
 the late Earl of Clarendon, during his govern- 
 ment here, and are now 1 in your Grace's posses- 
 sion. They can be of no use in England, and 
 the sight of them will be of little value to foreign 
 virtuosos, and they naturally belong to this poor 
 kingdom. I could wish they were of great 
 intrinsic value, so as to be sold on the Exchange 
 for a 1000Z., because you would then part with 
 them at the first hint, merely to gratify your 
 darling passion of generosity and munificence, 
 and yet since they are only valuable in the place 
 of their birth, like the rest of our natives, I 
 hope you will be prevailed on to part with them 
 at the humble request of many very deserving 
 persons in this City and University, in return for 
 which bounty the memory of it shall be preserved 
 in that honourable manner which so generous a 
 patron of learning, as your Grace, will be cer- 
 
 1 The MSS. referred to was a collection made by Sir James 
 Ware, the celebrated Irish antiquary, during the seventeenth 
 century, afterwards acquired by Lord Clarendon, son of the 
 historian, during 168G, and purchased on his death by the 
 Duke. 
 
 N 2 
 
i8o The Princely Chandos. 
 
 tainly pleased with, and at their request alone, 
 I desire your compliance, without the least 
 mention of myself as any way instrumental. 
 
 " I entreat your Grace's pardon for this inter- 
 ruption, and remain, with the greatest respect, 
 
 " My Lord, 
 
 " Your Grace's, etc., etc., 
 
 " Jon. Swift." 
 
 Certainly this was a bold request by one not 
 easily abashed, though why his Grace should part 
 with the MSS., simply because he was requested 
 to do so by the Dean (admittedly on behalf 
 of other persons) seems strange, especially so 
 when it was known the Duke had acquired them 
 by purchase, showing a desire to possess them. 
 Had he, on the other hand, acquired these 
 documents by bequest or inheritance, the demand 
 would not appear so singular. The Dean, how- 
 ever, wisely cloaks his demand by an ardent 
 appeal to his Grace's generosity. Nevertheless, 
 the demand was not complied with ; the denial 
 being accepted as a personal rebuke by the Dean, 
 who has immortalized the request by these 
 verses : — 
 
 " James Brydges and the Dean had long been friends, 
 James is be-duked, and so their friendship ends ; 
 And sure, the Dean deserves a sharp rebuke, 
 From knowing James, to boast he knows a Duke, 
 
The Dean's Vengeance. 
 
 181 
 
 " Yet since just Heaven the Duke's ambition mocks, 
 Since all he got by fraud is lost by stocks, 
 His wings are clipped, he tries no more in vain, 
 With bands of fiddlers to extend his train. 
 
 " Since he no more can build, and plant, and revel, 
 The Duke and Dean seem more near a level. 
 0 wert thou not a Duke — my good Duke Humphrey 
 From bailiffs' claws thou scarce could'st keep thy free, 
 
 " A Duke to know a Dean 1 Go, smooth thy crown, 
 Thy brother, 1 far thy better, wore a gown. 
 Well, but a Duke thou art, so pleased the King, 
 Oh ! would his Majesty but add a string." 
 
 These lines evince irritation, no doubt, 
 heightened by his Grace denying any acquaintance 
 with him (the Dean). The latter, determined not 
 to desert his quest, called in the aid of other 
 persons to accomplish that which he could not 
 effect alone, and addressed himself with this 
 object to Lady Betty Germain, who replies to 
 the Dean under date of November 7th, 1734 : — 
 
 " I have no acquaintance with the Duke of 
 Chandos, nor, I believe, has the Duke of Dorset, 
 much, and to be sure, it would be of no purpose 
 to ask him for those records again, because if he 
 would have parted with them, he would have 
 done it at your asking." 
 
 Nothing daunted, the Dean approached another 
 lady correspondent of his, viz., Mrs. Pendarves, 
 who replied as follows : — 
 
 1 The Rev. Henry Brydges, D.D. 
 
1 82 
 
 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 " St. Mary's Square, 
 " Gloucester, 
 " November 20th, 1734. 
 • • • • 
 
 " As soon as I received jour letter, I went to 
 your brother Lansdowne, and spoke to him about 
 the Duke of Chandos ; he desired me to make his 
 compliments, and to tell you he was very sorry 
 he could be of no service to you in that affair, 
 for he has had no manner of correspondence, or 
 even acquaintance, with the Duke these fifteen 
 years. I have put it, however, into other hands, 
 that will pursue it diligently, and I hope, obtain 
 for you what you desire ; if they do not succeed, 
 you must not call me negligent, for whatever lies 
 in my power to serve you is of too much conse- 
 quence for me to neglect. ..." 
 
 But this lady's efforts on the Dean's behalf 
 were as futile as others. 
 
 His Grace's favour at Court still continuing, he 
 received during December, 1734, a grant from 
 his Majesty King George II., for working all the 
 royal mines of gold and silver that were already 
 or may be, discovered in the county of Stafford, 
 and to work, melt, smelt, and refine the same. 
 Had this grant been for the more plebeian, but 
 useful metal, iron, or even coal, his Grace's 
 
A Mining Grant. 
 
 183 
 
 descendants (who were expressed in the patent) 
 would have found themselves possessed of almost 
 untold wealth. Whether the Duke attempted 
 to make use of his grant I have not been able to 
 discover. This patent may surprise even some 
 of our present day mineralogists. 
 
 Amongst the Egerton MSS. is a portion of 
 a letter (appended) in the handwriting of the 
 Duke of Chandos, though to whom addressed I 
 cannot trace, but, by the footnote, presumably to 
 a relative of Lord or Lady Dysart." 
 
 "January 4th, 1735-6. 
 
 " Of honour speak it, from association, but 
 from real fear, that you have by your character 
 of M r - (minister) raised 1 her expectations so 
 high, that when I come to wait on her, she 
 may find the original — for she hath never seen 
 me — fall so short of ye picture, as to create a 
 disgust that may not be wiped off. 
 
 " I am, dear Sir, 
 
 " With utmost truth, 
 " Your most obliged and humble servant, 
 
 " Chandos." 
 
 [Note appended.] 
 
 1 If this letter were dated a year later, another construction 
 might be placed on it. 
 
184 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 " I can't but take notice of one thing; that in 
 all this transaction, I don't find L. D. (Lady 
 Dysart) hath ever hinted her brother should be 
 made acquainted with it, this motive would 
 imagine she perhaps thinks it not so proper to 
 be communicated to him ; to be sure the more 
 ye power is looked into, the more better it is." 
 
 This note hardly seems to coincide with the 
 matter expressed in the text, as that refers to 
 some person who had never seen his Grace, and 
 this could scarcely have been the case with Lady 
 Dysart, his late son's mother-in-law. 
 
 The Rev. Hugh Shorthouse, chaplain to the 
 Duke of Chandos, and lecturer at Chelsea, died 
 early in February, 1735. This reverend gentle- 
 man was without doubt the Duke's town chap- 
 lain, as it has already been shown that the Rev. 
 Dr. Desaguliers held a similar appointment at 
 Canons. 
 
 On the 14tl; Feburary, his Grace again ad- 
 dresses his, to us unknown, correspondent. This 
 communication relates to the matter mentioned in 
 the note appended to the first-mentioned letter, 
 and runs thus : — 
 
 "February 14th, 1735-6. 
 
 "Dear Sir, — I have received much to my sur- 
 prise a letter just now from Lady D., something 
 
An Anxious Letter. 
 
 185 
 
 more kind than her last, she writes me word, she'll 
 consider of this affair and give me a positive an- 
 swer on ye 6th of March. I go out of town this 
 morning, and will stay at Shawhall, till ye 2nd 
 of March, when I propose God willing to return 
 to Cannons (Canons) in order to be in town, at 
 Essex Buildings on ye day she hath appointed, 
 to receive her final answer, she cannot keep me 
 I think in suspense, if she doth not intend to 
 comply at last, it will be a most serious, and 
 unheard of usage, if she would. I return you 
 all imaginable thanks for your friendship, and 
 desire }^ou to be assured I will on all occa- 
 sions, 
 
 " With ye utmost readiness 
 
 " Approve myself 
 
 " Dear Sir, 
 " Your most obliged, faithful servant, 
 
 " Chandos." 
 
 .By this it appears that his Grace was seeking 
 some favour (possibly of a pecuniary nature), 
 from her ladyship ; and one which was evidently 
 of importance, as the word * serious' occurs in 
 the text. This letter was answered, notifying 
 fresh developments in the matter, as is shown 
 by his Grace's reply dated 
 
1 86 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 " Shawhall, 
 
 "February, 21st, 1735-6. 
 
 " Dear Sir, — I return you many thanks for 
 your obliging letter which last post brought me, 
 and for ye trouble you have given yourself in 
 speaking again to Mr. C, concerning ye affair in 
 hand, shortly after what hath past, and this 
 fresh time that is taken to consider of it, one can 
 hardly imagine, but that ye lady's reputation 
 will be such, as I could wish, should it prove 
 otherwise, I shall have great reason, to think 
 ye usage I have met with to have been very 
 hard. I must desire you will make my compli- 
 ments to Mr. 0. and take an opportunity of 
 seeing him again, in this interval, to know how 
 matters are like to go, for I don't expect to hear 
 myself anything further of it, till I return in 
 order to which I propose setting out for 
 Cannons (Canons) on Monday, or Tuesday 
 furnight — fortnight — as I think there is a good 
 deal of likelihood that this matter will end as I 
 desire, I must beg you will be very cautious in 
 what you hint, with regard to anything that you 
 may have in view, and since ye success cannot 
 fail to be determined in a few days it will 
 certainly be better not to make your boast of it 
 
Mutual Accommodation. 187 
 
 whatever in anything till ye fate of this is 
 seen. 
 
 " I return ye draught (draft) you sent me for 
 ye next presentation to spare, it is a Bectory, 
 but it will be proper, it should be filled up with 
 your son's name, because 1 have been asked for 
 it for a nephew of my own, who is in orders, 
 and I gave for a reason why I could not do it, 
 because I had already promised it your son. 
 
 " I am with great truth 
 " Your most faithful humble servant, 
 
 " Chandos." 
 
 Whatever this mysterious business may have 
 been it was not ultimately concluded, as the 
 following shows : — 
 
 "March 10th, 1735-6. 
 
 " Deae Sie, — Since I saw you I have some 
 reason to desire you will not take any steps in 
 ye affair you mentioned, when I tell you why I 
 desire it, you will be astonished, I believe at it, 
 and more when ye faithlessness is assured you. 
 I don't, however, think ye other will come to 
 anything, so great is ye unsteadiness of some 
 people, but this I am very sure of, that your 
 
i88 
 
 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 friendship lays me under such obligations to you 
 that you shall ever find me, 
 
 "Dear Sir, 
 " Your most faithful and obliged servant, 
 
 " Chandos." 
 
 Reference having been made to the possible 
 cause of this correspondence, it only remains to 
 be said that his Grace's financial resources were 
 evidently much strained at this period. 
 
 On July the 19th, 1735, the second Duchess of 
 Chandos died of an apoplectic fit which seized her 
 while on a visit to the Honourable Mrs. Brydges 
 at Avington, Haywood's Hill, Middlesex. This 
 seizure occurred on a Monday afternoon, and she 
 lingered, though speechless, until the following 
 Wednesday, when she expired. The Duchess is 
 said to have been a model of exemplary piety 
 and conjugal affection, combined with a sweet 
 and benevolent disposition, and was one whose 
 loss was severely felt by all who knew her. 
 
CHAPTER XIX. 
 
 His Grace assists the Colonists for the new State of Georgia- 
 Monument to the Prince of Orange at Bath— The Duke 
 of Chandos mentioned as likely to receive the vacant 
 Garter— Letter from his Grace to the Duke of Newcastle 
 —Marriage of the Duke of Chandos to Lady Davall— The 
 controversy concerning this lady fully discussed, and her 
 identity substantiated— His Grace of Chandos made 
 captain of the Yeoman of the Guard— The strained rela- 
 tions between King George II. and the Prince of Wales— 
 His Majesty's opinion of Henry, Marquis of Carnarvon 
 —Letter of condolence from the Duke of Chandos to Sir 
 Robert Walpole— The Duke and Duchess of Chandos 
 present at the private interment of Queen Caroline, consort 
 of George II. 
 
 The Duke of Montagu having given a quantity 
 of workmen's tools, such as were used by car- 
 penters, joiners, smiths, etc., to the settlers 
 proceeding to the new State of Georgia, the 
 Duke of Chandos and several of the nobility 
 and gentry also became generous benefactors to 
 the new Colony. 
 
 The townspeople of Bath availed themselves 
 of the visit of the Prince of Orange to Bath, 
 
190 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 previously alluded to, to name one of the squares 
 of that town after his Highness. In further com- 
 memoration a pillar was erected in the centre of 
 the square, bearing a Latin inscription which, 
 translated, reads thus : — 
 
 " The Prince of Orange was happily restored 
 to health by drinking the waters of Bath, 
 through the favour of God, and to the extreme 
 joy of Great Britain, 1735." 
 
 The reader need not be reminded, that the 
 Prince of Orange espoused the Princess Eoyal, 
 daughter of George II. 
 
 The retailers of gossip were busy this year 
 as usual, circulating the rumour that the Duke 
 of Chandos was to have the Garter, vacant 
 by the death of the Earl of Peterboro. This 
 premature unofficial bestowal of the sovereign's 
 favour was again wrong, for though his Grace 
 received many other orders and favours, he never 
 attained to that dignity. 
 
 About this period, 1736, it appears, by the 
 following communication addressed to the Duke 
 of" Newcastle, that some persons had been either 
 trespassing on, or damaging, his Grace's pro- 
 perty in Herefordshire; the exact particulars 
 are wanting. The following letter, however, 
 throws a little light on the matter : — 
 
The Duke's Third Marriage. 191 
 
 "February 12th, 1736-7. 
 
 "My Lord, — Pursuant to your Grace's com- 
 mands I write by this post to the Trustees of the 
 turnpike in Herefordshire, for the original in- 
 formation they took concerning the cutting down 
 that walk (which) was got up at Wilton, and to 
 acquaint me. With the goodness of his Majesty, 
 through your Grace's instruction is pleased to 
 show to me, by your issuing a proclamation 
 offering a reward for the bringing to justice, 
 any of the offenders ; and so soon as I receive 
 the original information I will have the honour 
 to lay them before your Grace. 
 
 " I am with ye greatest truth and respect, 
 
 "My Lord, 
 " Your Grace's 
 
 <e Most obedient and 
 
 " Most humble Servant, 
 
 " Ohandos." 
 
 < ■ 
 
 On April 14th, 1736, the Duke of Ohandos 
 entered the holy bonds of matrimony for a third 
 time. The lady was not his equal in social rank, 
 being the widow of Sir Thomas Davall, Kt., 
 M.P. for Harwich, an opulent London merchant. 
 Lady Davall brought the Duke 40,OOOZ., a small 
 
192 
 
 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 sum in comparison with the formerly large 
 fortune of his Grace. The marriage was not 
 made for mercenary motives, though probably 
 the bride's fortune was acceptable to the Duke 
 in his then straitened circumstances. The 
 wedding ceremony, which was almost of a 
 private nature, took place at the residence of 
 Lady Davall in Conduit Street, W. ; the happy 
 pair proceeding in the evening to his Grace's 
 domain of Canons. 
 
 The truth concerning this marriage has been 
 distorted, and, in many instances, erroneous 
 accounts have been given of it. In fact, this is 
 only one of many instances where the biographer 
 or memoir writer has not hesitated to accept the 
 dicta or scrvpta of one who may have heard or 
 known a little of a circumstance, without being 
 acquainted with the whole of the facts. In this 
 way errors are perpetuated for generations, to 
 the discredit of aspirants for literary fame. In 
 the foregoing case the error was originated by 
 one of Dean Swift's numerous correspondents, a 
 Mrs. Pendarves, who, in an epistle to the Dean, 
 under date of April 22nd, 1736, states : — 
 
 "The Duke of Chandos's marriage has made 
 
The New Duchess. 
 
 i93 
 
 a great noise, and the poor Duchess is often 
 reproached with (her) being bred up in Burr 
 Street, "Wapping." 
 
 Now the facts, so far as I have been able to 
 discover, do not show that Lady Davall was 
 either bred or born in Burr Street, Wapping— 
 (Lower East Smithfield)— as at this period the 
 Vanhattons, Vannottens, or Vanhattens (the 
 name is spelt in various ways), of which family 
 she was a member, were merchants of high 
 repute residing in Devonshire Square, Bishops- 
 gate, then considered a highly respectable place 
 of residence for opulent city merchants. The 
 family of Burr or Burre likewise followed mer- 
 cantile pursuits, principally with Holland, and 
 were brother merchants, long established in the 
 parish of St. Botolph, Bishopsgate, at Barking 
 and elsewhere in Essex. It was upon a portion 
 of this family's estate that Burr Street was 
 built. The Davalls became connected with the 
 Burrs by the marriage of the first Sir 
 Thomas Davall, Kt., and M.P. for Harwich, 
 with Rebecca, daughter and heiress of Daniel 
 Burr or Burre of Amsterdam and London. 
 This lady was the mother of a numerous 
 
 0 
 
194 
 
 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 progeny, the eldest of whom received the honour 
 of knighthood, and succeeded his father in the 
 representation of Harwich, Essex, in which 
 county he owned a good estate, principally 
 through his mother, as heiress of the Burrs. 
 This Sir Thomas's sister, Lydia, married John 
 Vanhatten, thus connecting the three families 
 of Burr, Davall, and Vanhatten. The above- 
 named Sir Thomas, who married Lydia 
 Catherine Vanhatten— John Vanhatten' s sister 
 — bequeathed by his will the greater portion of 
 his estates in Essex, which he had inherited 
 through his mother, to his cousin, David Burr ; 
 in fact, he gave back to this family their former 
 possessions, leaving no issue of his own to 
 inherit. Thus there is really little or no proof of 
 the aspersions cast by Mrs. Pendarves on the 
 bringing up of this lady ; but they might have 
 gone down to posterity unnoticed, except for 
 the fact that every scrap of writing relating to 
 the Dean of St. Patrick's has been collected 
 and published, thumbed, and read for genera- 
 tions past, and quoted as fact by compilers 
 until now : thus far for , the first assertion. 
 The second is far more ludicrous and also more 
 erroneous than the first, and has been per- 
 petuated by greater would-be authorities. This 
 
4 Ostler's Wife ' Theory. 
 
 is no less than the assertion that the third and 
 last wife of the Duke of Chandos (Lady Davall), 
 had been the wife of a brutal ostler, from whose 
 violence the Duke was supposed to have 
 rescued her at the George Inn, Glastonbury, 
 or the Castle or Pelican's hostel at Newbury 
 or Winchester ; the authorities themselves not 
 being certain as to the locality. The Duke 
 is then said to have sent her to school 
 (having purchased her, or satisfied her 
 husband for her loss) to remedy defects in 
 her education, and to have married her 
 later. It is most extraordinary how this 
 romance concerning the third wife of the 
 first Duke of Chandos has been handed down 
 and believed. It has also served as plot for 
 a writer of fiction, being worked into a novel by 
 Miss Spence, in a work entitled, "How to be 
 Rid of a Wife," now a scarce book, though 
 published only in the thirties of this century. 
 This narrative, in which the noble 'hero' is 
 termed Belmore, seems to have taken possession 
 of the reflective faculties of a very estimable 
 old gentleman named Clark (circa 1836), who 
 published a book at this period entitled " Remi- 
 niscences of Handel," in which he alludes to 
 this matter as an absolute fact, though it was 
 
 o 2 
 
196 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 unsupported by any trustworthy evidence, and 
 goes so far as to assert that the lady was a Mrs. 
 Carter. This is only further addition to the 
 misconception, as the whole matter in no way 
 concerns the first Duke of Chandos, or the lady 
 who became his third wife. To Henry, the 
 second Duke, son of the first holder of that 
 dignity, must be assigned this strangely chival- 
 rous proceeding — as such it is (at least, for the 
 latter end of the so-termed " Augustan" age in 
 England). Henry, when Marquis of Carnarvon, 
 lost his first wife in 1738, and married his second 
 on Christmas Day, 1744, four months after he had 
 succeeded to the dukedom. This person was the 
 reputed ostler's wife or widow, Anne Wells or 
 Jefferyes by name. Her family were in poor 
 circumstances, as is testified by a gentleman of 
 that period named Thicknesse, who states that 
 upon arriving at Southampton from a visit to 
 Jersey in 1752, he took lodgings opposite the 
 market-place, and was daily accosted by a good- 
 looking young woman who kept a stall there 
 for the sale of greengrocery. Her na'ive manner 
 of saying, "Nothing in your way to-day, sir?" 
 attracted Mr. Thicknesse's attention. After- 
 wards he was informed by a friend that this 
 marketwoman was one of the then Duchess of 
 
Family History. 
 
 197 
 
 Chandos' sisters. The next morning lie asked 
 for further information from her Grace's sister, 
 who substantiated the report, adding to her 
 interrogator's question, as to whether " her 
 sister the Duchess took proper notice of her," 
 " That she did, and though she had many sisters, 
 her sister sent for them all up to London, when 
 she would give them new clothes suitable to their 
 station, send a servant to show them the sights 
 of the towu, besides make them a present of 
 money, and pay their coach fare back to the 
 country," concluding with " What else could she 
 do ? for we are not fit to sit down to the Duke's 
 table." Mr. Thicknesse further asserts that the 
 Duchess had been a pot-girl to an ale-house at 
 Winchester, although, beyond the fact that 
 she was of lowly origin, and her name Anne 
 Wells or Jefferyes, there is no corroborative 
 testimony that can be relied on to support 
 the purchase from an ostler, or the wife 
 theory. The Duchess died July 8th, 1757, and 
 is stated to be buried in Keynsham Churchyard, 
 Somerset. In an almost ' up to date ' work, 1 
 the compiler follows and cites Mr. R. Clark's 
 erroneous assertions concerning the third wife of 
 the first Duke of Chandos. On the other hand, 
 1 Cassell's Greater London. 
 
198 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 the whole tenour of the article relating to the 
 Duke bears evidence of a visit to Whitchurch, 
 where the tomb in the monument room of the 
 Brydges family, in the Whitchurch Parish Church, 
 sets forth faithfully who the first Duke's third 
 wife was, but appears to have been over- 
 looked. 
 
 Though Society of that period no doubt 
 looked down upon the Duchess because she 
 was connected with ' trade,' the first Duke 
 of Chandos found in her a good wife and 
 a congenial companion, as his own testimony 
 proves. 
 
 In the following year, 1737, his Grace received 
 additional proofs of Royal favour, being appointed 
 Captain of the Yeomen of the Guard, in the 
 room of the Earl of Ashburnham, deceased; his 
 son Henry, Marquis of Carnarvon, was, however, 
 in anything but good grace with his Majesty 
 George II. at this time, as the following 
 testifies. 1 Lord Hervey conversing with his 
 Majesty George II. upon the strained relations 
 between that monarch and the Prince of Wales, 
 his Majesty replied to some comments made by 
 Lord Hervey, saying : " That those about him, 
 (the Prince of Wales) must see and feel this dis- 
 1 Hervey Memoirs. 
 
Royal Displeasure. 
 
 199 
 
 tinction, and cannot fail, though he should not find 
 it out, to represent it to him. Who about him," 
 urged the King, " will tell it him? or who about 
 him indeed has sense enough to find out anything ? 
 Who is there, but boobies, and fools, and roadmen 
 he ever listens to ? " Lord Hervey laughed, and the 
 King went on : " Why, is it not so ? There is my 
 Lord Carnarvon, 1 a hot-headed, passionate half- 
 witted coxcomb, with no more sense than his 
 master. . . ." 
 
 This exhibition of warmth against his Grace of 
 Chandos's son, did not prevent the King from 
 showing friendship and favour to the Duke. 
 The King's estimate of " my Lord Carnar- 
 von" may probably explain that peer's later 
 marriage with Anne Wells ; it certainly shows 
 him in a light that others have failed to throw 
 upon him. 
 
 Lady Walpole, wife of the famous Sir Robert, 
 the great minister during the reign of the first 
 two Georges, died August 20th, 1737. Therefore, 
 as one in corresponding Court favour, the Duke 
 of Chandos pens the annexed letter of condolence to 
 his friend, the bereaved husband. The letter bears 
 date some months after the sad event ; but news 
 
 1 Henry, Marquis of Carnarvon, a Lord of the Prince's bed- 
 chamber. 
 
200 
 
 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 travelled slowly then, although this in itself does 
 not account for the lapse. Probably his Grace 
 was visiting at some distance from London when 
 the event occurred; the delay, however, does not 
 detract from the sympathy expressed. 
 
 " Canons, November 12th, 1737. 1 
 
 "Sir, — I have just received the terrible news 
 the town is so much alarmed with. The sincere 
 respect andaffection I havefor you, fill me withsuch 
 grief, that though I cannot be silent, I know not 
 how to express myself. I condole with you from 
 the bottom of my heart, on the very great and 
 severe loss you are about to receive. I beg 
 of God that His providence will continue, still in 
 its full vigour, to those noble spirits and abilities, 
 which have for such a number of years so 
 wonderfully supported you, under the many 
 heavy trials you have had. That this misfortune, 
 great as it is to everyone, may be attended with 
 no personal ill, is the most ardent prayer of 
 
 " &c. Ac. 
 
 " Chandos." 
 
 During the following month of December, his 
 Grace had another melancholy duty to perform ; 
 1 Cox's Memoirs of Sir Eobert "Walpole, 1798. 
 
The Queen's Death. 
 
 201 
 
 no less than to be one of the attendants (with his 
 Duchess) upon the chief mourners at the private 
 interment of Queen Caroline, Consort of his 
 Majesty George II., which took place the night 
 of the 17th December, in the Collegiate Church, 
 Westminster. 
 
CHAPTER XX. 
 
 Death of the Marchioness of Carnarvon — The Duke of Chandos 
 elected a Governor of the Foundling Hospital — His Grace's 
 correspondence with the Duke of Newcastle at this 
 period — Death of the Duke of Chandos, August 9th, 1744 
 — Memorial lines — Inscription on his monument — His son 
 Henry, Marquis of Carnarvon, takes his seat as 2nd Duke — 
 Petitions for leave to hring in a Bill to sell part of the 
 estate — Leave granted — Nature of the Bill, etc. — Lihrary 
 at Canons sold, circa 1745 — Sale of pictures in London, 
 removed from Canons — Catalogue of same — Kemarks. 
 
 The first wife of Henry, Marquis of Carnarvon, 
 died at Twickenham, August 19th, 1738, after a 
 long illness, leaving two children, a son and 
 daughter, who, with many friends, public and 
 private, mourned her loss. His second marriage 
 was the romantic adventure alluded to in the 
 preceding chapter, by which Anne Wells or 
 Jeffreyes became Duchess of Chandos. 
 
 The Duke of Chandos, during 1739, was 
 elected one of the Governors of the Foundling 
 Hospital : evidently another tribute to the Duke's 
 reputed business abilities, for the welfare of others, 
 as they had not been altogether successful in his 
 
Letters to the Duke of Newcastle. 203 
 
 own affairs. Except when discharging the duties 
 connected with his office and Court appointments, 
 the Duke now led an almost retired life ; that he 
 sometimes interested himself by aiding friends 
 seeking appointment or .promotion is shown in the 
 following letter, addressed to the Duke of New- 
 castle : — 
 
 " October 12th, 1741. 1 
 
 "My Lord, — His Majesty having been pleased, 
 I understand, to give Colonel Murray leave to 
 sell his commission, and leave it for ye Lords' 
 Regents to sign such other commissions as shall 
 be necessary thereupon, and your Lordship having 
 fixed upon Major Halden of ye 4th troop of 
 Horse Guards to succeed him, I make it my 
 humble request to yr Grace, that if you are 
 not otherwise engaged, you will have ye goodness 
 to notice with your powerful interest, ye preten- 
 sions of Captain Peters, Brigadier and Lieutenant 
 in ye 3rd troop of Horse Guards, to succeed ye 
 aforesaid Major Halden. This young gentleman 
 is a neighbour of mine in ye country, hath been 
 several years in the service in Lord Albemarle's 
 troop, and hath gained ye esteem of all who 
 knew him. Your Grace taking notice of him on 
 
 1 Newcastle MSS. 
 
204 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 this occasion, will lay a great obligation on him, 
 who, with greatest respect, 
 
 " My Lord, 
 " &c. &c. 
 
 " Chandos." 
 
 The Duke of Newcastle had long been ac- 
 quainted with his brother peer; therefore no 
 doubt the request was granted, as is confirmed by 
 another favour demanded later. 
 
 The letter runs as follows, corroborating at 
 the same time, that the Duke of Chandos resided 
 in Cavendish Square, as the communication is 
 addressed from — 
 
 " Cavendish Square, 1 
 
 " November 4th, 1743. 
 
 " My Loed, — Having heard that a new Com- 
 mission of ye Peace is going to be made out 
 for ye County of Middlesex, I humbly take ye 
 liberty of putting your Grace in mind of the two 
 gentlemen I recommended to you, viz. Mr. John 
 Asgill Bucknall of Oxney, and Mr. Koger Smack 
 of Watford, there is likewise another whom I 
 trust ye will permit me to ask ye good favour for, 
 a gentleman whose character is well known to ye 
 
 1 Newcastle MSS. 
 
Death of the Princely Chandos. 205 
 
 Lord Chancellor, and who will be a very careful 
 person in discharging the duty of that office, is 
 in my neighbourhood, it is Mr. Francis Capper, 
 Councillor-at-Law, of Lincoln's Inn. 
 
 "I am, with great respect, 
 " &c. &c. 
 
 " Chandos." 
 
 This triple request savours of £ Oliver asking 
 for more,' but no doubt the Duke knew how far 
 he might trespass on his Grace of Newcastle's 
 good nature. 
 
 On the 9th of August, 1744, the Duke of 
 Chandos paid that debt of Nature's which all 
 mortals sooner or later must, dying at his seat 
 of Canons, after an illness of three weeks. 
 
 Thus passed away one who played no mean 
 part in the affairs of his country. Some may 
 object to this assertion with respect to his post 
 of Paymaster-General, held during the most 
 brilliant part of Marlborough's career. But it 
 will be scarcely necessary to remind the reader 
 that no specific charge of fraud was made 
 against his Grace ; while the way in which the 
 populace championed him proves that he was no 
 ordinary man, being able to endear himself for a 
 lifetime to such a fickle jade as Public Opinion, 
 
2o6 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 for many would have been anathematized and 
 disgraced, on a charge not a thousandth part so 
 grave as that connected with the Pay Office. On 
 the other hand, it must be admitted that much of 
 the esteem he won was by his natural magna- 
 nimity and tact. This would lead one to imagine 
 that the system then prevalent of conducting 
 the public finances and offices was in fault, and 
 not the man, as it is hard to suppose that a 
 person credited with the good qualities his Grace 
 was, could be guilty of striking out a ' crooked ' 
 path for himself. Should such a surmise be 
 correct, then it is only just to admit that he 
 followed in the footsteps of his predecessors, 
 while the wars that raged during his tenure 
 of office largely increased the funds passing 
 through his hands, much to the benefit of " Self 
 and Co." 
 
 The above is submitted with all due deference. 
 The reader, however, will form his own opinion, 
 being placed in possession of the most important 
 facts — many published for the first time — relating 
 to the Pay Office. 
 
 The following lines upon the death of the 
 Duke were published in the Gentleman's Magazine, 
 1744 :— 
 
A Tribute in Verse. 
 
 207 
 
 "And he is gone, the gentlest noble mind, 
 The Lover and the Love of human kind, 
 Chandos, whose wealth by every virtue graced, 
 Showed how Heaven's bounty shines when justly placed. 
 So true a judge, and patron to desert, 
 A hand so generous, and so pure a heart, 
 That innocence thro' sorrow smiling beamed, 
 And toant, with graceful eyes, his praise proclaimed. 
 All who could feel his warmth, his power confessed, 
 And all who felt it owned such greatness blessed, 
 Nor let the Muse, who feels his absence most, 
 Deplore his virtues or example lost. 
 A Brydges, formed by Heaven, is left behind, 
 Heir to his worth, his titles, and his mind, 
 Whose gentle ear, like his to me, shall bend, 
 Whom Science grateful shall revere her friend ; 
 This checks our anguish, for such Virtues gont;, 
 Since all the Father's merit marks the Son." 
 
 Though this effusion to his Grace's memory 
 does not bear the stamp of the poet laureate of 
 that period, it nevertheless shows the esteem in 
 which the late Duke had been held. The last 
 lines are open to doubt, or at least require 
 corroboration. 
 
 The remains of the Duke were interred in the 
 Brydges family vault, in the Parish Church of 
 St. Lawrence, Whitchurch, or Little Stanmore. 
 Over his body was erected a handsome marble 
 monument, with a life-size figure of his Grace in 
 a Roman dress, standing between his first and 
 
2o8 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 second wives. Underneath is an inscription, of 
 •which the following is a translation : — 
 
 " In hope of a joyful resurrection, here lieth 
 the body of the most noble James Brydges, Duke 
 of Chandos, Marquis and Earl of Carnarvon, 
 Viscount Wilton, Baron Chandos of Sudeley, and 
 a Baronet, member of his Majesty's most 
 Honourable Privy Council, Lord-Lieutenant and 
 Custos Rostolorum of the County of Radnor, a 
 High Steward of Cantremelewith, Chancellor 
 of the University of St. Andrew's in Scotland, 
 Ranger of Enfield Chace, one of the Governors of 
 the Charter House, who was born January 6th, 
 1673, and departed this life August 9th, 1744. 
 Whose modesty ordered all encomiums on his 
 tomb to be avoided, yet justice to his memory 
 and truth tell the reader that, if a youth spent in 
 constant application to business, which tended 
 more to the good of his country, and friends, 
 than his own, a whole life passed in acts of 
 greatest humanity, and charity, forgiving every 
 one, and giving to the utmost of his power, ended 
 an old age, dedicated to patience, resignation, 
 and piety, deserve from mankind gratitude and 
 love, they are most strictly his due. 
 
 " He married first, Mary, daughter of Sir 
 Thomas Lake, of Canons, in Middlesex, by 
 
The Duke's Marriages. 
 
 209 
 
 whom lie left the Most Noble Henry, Duke of 
 Ohandos ; his second wife was Cassandra, 
 daughter of Sir Francis Willoughby of Wollaton, 
 and sister to Thomas, Lord Willoughby ; his third 
 wife was Lydia Catharine, daughter of John 
 Vanhatten, Esq., and widow of Sir Thomas 
 Davall, Kt., who was a Member of Parliament, 
 and died in the year 1714." 
 
 Referring to a remark made in the preceding 
 chapter, the following extract from his will 
 will testify to the late Duke's opinion of his 
 third wife : "I owe the greatest comfort I have 
 enjoyed in this life — since I have been blessed 
 with her — to my Duchess Lydia Catharine." 
 He further expresses a wish that on her death 
 she shall be buried in the vault with himself, 
 also that her figure in marble shall be placed 
 upon his monument at a cost of not more than 
 200Z. This clause, owing to some disagreement 
 with the second Duke, was not carried out in its 
 entirety. Lydia, dowager-Duchess of Chandos, 
 directed by her will that she should be interred 
 at Stowe, but her remains were exhumed after- 
 wards, and placed beside her husband the Duke 
 at Whitchurch. The provision respecting the 
 statue was, however, not fulfilled. 
 
 According to the law of primogeniture, HeDry, 
 
 p 
 
210 
 
 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 Marquis of Carnarvon, the eldest surviving son 
 (five others having predeceased him) succeeded 
 to the Dukedom of Chandos. The Marquis at 
 this period was M.P. for Bishop's Castle, Shrop- 
 shire ; he was also Groom of the Stole to H.K.H. 
 the Prince of Wales. He took his seat in the 
 House of Lords as second Duke, November 27th, 
 1744. 
 
 That the estate left by the late Duke was much 
 encumbered, is proved by a Petition presented to 
 the House of Lords by Henry, second Duke of 
 Chandos, and Anne his wife, 1745, 1 on behalf of 
 themselves, and Charles, Earl of Aylesbury — a 
 trustee — for and on behalf of James Brydges 
 (eventually third and last Duke of Chandos in 
 direct descent), commonly called Marquis of 
 Carnarvon, and Caroline Brydges, his sister, 
 commonly called Lady Caroline Brydges, both 
 infants, the only issue of the said Duke by Mary, 
 his late wife, lately called Marchioness of Car- 
 narvon, one of the daughters of the said Earl 
 (Aylesbury). The Petition prays leave to bring 
 in a Bill for sale of a sufficient part of the estates 
 settled by deed of lease and release of the 31st 
 of May, 1734, made in pursuance of the agree- 
 ments entered upon, previous to the marriage of 
 1 House of Lords Journals. 
 
A Bill for the Sale of Canons. 211 
 
 the said Duke, then styled Marquis of Carnarvon, 
 to raise money to pay off certain mortgages, 
 named in this petition, and for several other 
 purposes. 
 
 The Petition was ordered to be referred to the 
 Lord Chief Justice of the Common Pleas, and 
 Mr. Baron Clarke, with the usual directions, ac- 
 cording to the standing orders, duly reported on 
 it. Leave was then given to bring in a Bill 
 for the purposes asked, intituled ' An Act for 
 vesting part of the settled estates of the Most 
 Noble Henry, Duke of Chandos, in trustees for 
 raising money to discharge encumbrances, etc' 
 The Bill, after having been discussed by a com- 
 mittee appointed by the House of Lords, was 
 approved, and then sent down to the Lower 
 House for confirmation. 
 
 Here is proof beyond cavil of the decadence 
 of the ' Grand ' Duke's fortune. During his 
 latter days especially he managed to keep up ap- 
 pearances, and to reside at Canons until the last, 
 but at the cost of encumbering the estate. The 
 Bill above alluded to contained a clause for the 
 sale of the mansion-house and effects at Canons. 
 The first part sold was the library, during 1745. 
 But little is known of the distribution of the late 
 Duke's valuable collection of books and MSS. 
 
 p 2 
 
2i2 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 It was not until 1747 that the mansion and 
 effects were dispersed ; it took nearly two years 
 to prepare these for the auctioneer's hammer. 
 The edifice itself was thought too large and 
 costly for any possible tenant ; it was therefore 
 pulled down, and the materials were sold in lots. 
 
 The pictures were removed to London for sale, 
 and, as a catalogue has been preserved, I am able 
 to give an account of them, together with some 
 comments upon them by that celebrated and 
 discerning connoisseur George Yertue. 
 
 " A catalogue of the genuine collection of pic- 
 tures of his Grace James, Duke of Chandos, 
 lately deceased, consisting of a variety of valuable 
 paintings (pictures) by the most celebrated 
 Italian, French, and Flemish masters, which 
 must be sold by auction, by Mr. Cock, at his 
 house in the Great Piazza, Covent Garden, on 
 Wednesday, May 6th, 1747, and the two fol- 
 lowing days. 
 
 " The said collection may be viewed at the place 
 of sale, on Saturday, the 2nd of May, and every 
 day after, Sunday excepted, till the time of sale, 
 which will begin each day, at half an hour after 
 eleven, catalogues of which may be had gratis, 
 at Mr. Cock's aforesaid. Conditions of sale as 
 usual. 
 
111,1 
 
Catalogue of Pictures. 213 
 
 " N\B. — In the last day will be sold (by order of 
 the trustees, at the special desire of the creditors) 
 his late Grace's dwelling house in Cavendish 
 Square, 1 with all the land thereunto belonging, 
 and an equal moiety of the reservoir, 2 now let to 
 the York Buildings Company, at 150Z. per 
 annum, payable to his Grace, agreeably to the 
 printed conditions of sale, delivered gratis. 
 
 " And in each day's sale will be sold four lots of 
 marble statues (life-size), some time since brought 
 from Naples. 
 
 " FIBST DAY'S SALE. 
 " Wednesday, May 6th, 1747. 
 
 1. Italian. The Decollation of St. John. 
 
 2. Holbein. Sir George Blage, three-quarters. 
 
 3. Eaphael (after). A Madonna in a round. 
 
 4. „ A woman's head, large as life. 
 
 5. Italian. A piper's head. 
 
 6. A martyrdom. 
 
 7. A landscape. 
 
 8. „ Its companion. 
 
 9. Verelst. A piece of flowers. 
 10. Pelegrini. Mars and Venus. 
 
 1 This must have been bought in or other arrangements 
 arrived at, for ever since the first Duke's death it remained in 
 the possession of the family or their descendants until it was 
 pulled down early in 1892. The hous3 in the extreme right- 
 hand corner of plate was the Duke of Chandos', and a replica 
 of the house at the other corner. 
 
 2 This is the reservoir mentioned in connection with the 
 York Buildings "Waterworks. 
 
214 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 11. Titian (after). A dead Christ. 
 
 12. „ A hermit with a death's head. 
 
 13. Cornelius Janssen. King Charles I. 
 
 14. Hendekooter. A piece of birds. 
 
 15. Perugino. A Madonna. 
 
 1 6. Poelenburgh. A small landscape and figures. 
 
 17. Marco Eicci. A neat landscape and figures, in water 
 
 colours. 
 
 18. Marco Eicci. A sea triumph, on glass. 
 
 19. >f Apollo with figure, dancing, in chiara- 
 scuro. 
 
 20. Guido. Jacob stealing the blessing from his brother 
 
 Esau. 
 
 21. Guido. Its companion, Hagar and Ishmael. 
 
 22. Borgione. A battle. 
 
 23. „ Its companion. 
 
 24. Weenix. A boy fleaing a dog. 
 
 25. Italian. A Madonna with St. Francis. 
 
 26. „ Vandyke's head, with a sunflower. 
 
 27. „ A man's head, with a scroll of paper. 
 
 28. ,, Its companion. 
 
 29. Eaphael (after). The Virgin, our Saviour, and St. John. 
 
 30. Pietrida Cartona. The marriage of St. Catherine. 
 
 31. Weenix. A dead hare and birds. 
 
 32. „ A basket with flowers of curious needlework. 
 
 33. Eaphael (after). The Transfiguration. 
 
 34. „ Heroditus with the head of St. John. 
 
 35. Paul Weenix. A Saint, with an angel and cross. 
 
 36. ,, St. Francis, its companion. 
 
 37. Guercino. A boy bit by a lizard. 
 
 38. Gascar. A nobleman, half-length. 
 
 39. „ Its companion. 
 
 40. Mr. Wooton. A long landscape and figures. 
 
 41. )f A winter piece — its companion. 
 
 42. Titian. A man's head, with a pen in his ear. 
 
 43. Holbein. Ditto, with a book. 
 
 44. Eomanelli. Danaae and the golden shower. 
 
Catalogue of Pictures. 
 
 215 
 
 45. Wyck. A battle, three-quarters. 
 
 46. Titian. Susannah and the Elders. 
 
 47. Sir Peter Lely. Mrs. Franklin, half-length. 
 
 48. Palamedes. A consecration. 
 
 49. „ Its companion. 
 
 50. Schidone. The Virgin, our Saviour, St. Elizabeth and 
 
 St. John. 
 
 51. Eottenhamer. The feast of the Gods. 
 
 52. David Teniers. A Dutch kitchen. 
 
 53. James Bassano. Jacob's journey into Egypt. 
 
 54. ,, Its companion, Noah sacrificing after 
 coming out of the Ark. 
 
 55. Guido. The flight into Egypt. 
 
 56. „ Its companion. 
 
 57. Miens. A young gentleman, a small half-length. 
 
 58. Gerard Dow. A Market. 
 
 59. Asland. Jupiter and Leda, in chiara-scuro. 
 
 60. Sir P. P. Rubens. The offering of the three kings. 
 
 " SECOND DAY'S SALE. 
 " Mat 7th, 1747. 
 
 61. Holbein (after). A man's head, three-quarters. 
 
 62. „ Oliver Cromwell. 
 
 63. Spagnoletto. Lucretia. 
 
 64. Italian. A landscape and figures. 
 
 65. Buckhuysen. A sea piece. 
 
 66. Titian (after). A lady, half-length, with a lap-dog. 
 
 67. Holbein. Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk. 
 
 68. Giorgione. A general, half-length. 
 
 69. Zeeman. Boys drawing by candle-light. 
 
 70. Franciscus Floris. A feast of the Gods. 
 
 71. Vandyck (the style of). A large family picture. 
 
 72. Father Seegero. A Holy Family, with a festoon of 
 
 flowers. 
 
 73. Italian. Hercules and Omphale. 
 
216 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 74. Italian. A Madonna. 
 
 75. „ A landscape in water colours. 
 
 76. „ A Holy Family, in water colours. 
 
 77. „ A Dead Christ. 
 
 78. Vande Velde. A small sea piece. 
 
 79. Douk v. Eyswich. A parrot in a festoon of flowers of 
 
 mother-of-pearl, curiously inlaid. 
 
 80. Paul Veronese (after). The marriage of St. Katherine. 
 
 81. Laresse. A Bacchanalian. 
 
 82. Holbein. A man's head in a round. 
 
 83. „ A siege ; a drawing heightened with gold in a 
 brass frame. 
 
 84. Italian. A long landscape, with figures. 
 
 85. Kembrandt. David and Nathan. 
 
 86. Buckhuysen. A sea piece. 
 
 87. Luca Judano. The Virgin in the clouds. 
 
 88. Holbein (after) . A small half-length of Oliyer Crom- 
 
 well. 
 
 89. Italian. A Madonna with other figures. 
 
 90. Paul Veronese. The Adoration of the Kings. 
 
 91. „ Its companion. 
 
 92. Bredal. Two small landscapes with figures and houses. 
 
 93. Kottenhamer. The Nativity. 
 
 94. Rubens. Constantine, etc. 
 
 95. Paul Veronese (the style of). The marriage of St. 
 
 Katherine. 
 
 96. Nicolas Poussin. Perseus with the head of Medusa. 
 
 97. Kubens. Ceres with a cornucopia, and a Satyr with a 
 
 flute. 
 
 98. Eubens. A bas-relievo of Louis XIV. and sixty-three 
 
 Intaglios of the ancient Kings of France. 
 
 99. Rubens. A man playing on a guitar. 
 
 100. A nun and a friar. 
 
 101. Guercino. St. John. 
 
 102. Titian (after). An Ecce Homo. 
 
 103. Vandyck. A Holy Family. 
 
 104. Jordans of Antwerp. A family picture. 
 
 105. John de Bellini. A Holy Family. 
 
Catalogue of Pictures. 217 
 
 106. Vandyck. A man's head, with a roll of paper in his 
 
 hand. 
 
 107. Cornelius Janssen. Its companion. 
 
 108. Gerard Dow. Boys at school. 
 
 109. Vanderneo. A Magdalen. 
 
 110. Dobson. Mr. Killigrew, half-length. 
 
 111. „ King James I., a whole length on horseback. 
 
 112. Sir Peter Lely. Lady Dean, and Mrs. Franklin playing 
 
 a guitar. 
 
 113. Sir G. Kneller. Mr. Knight, the famous singer and 
 
 favourite of King Charles II., half-length. 
 
 114. Titian. A Holy Family, with St. Jerome. 
 
 115. Giorgione. A musical conversation. 
 
 116. Guido. A Madonna. 
 
 117. Salvator Kosa. St. George and the dragon. 
 
 118. Seb. Boudin. The finding of Moses. 
 
 119. N. Poussin. Hercules preferring Virtue to Vice. 
 
 120. Sir P. P. Eubens. Charles the Fifth of Spain, big as 
 
 life, on horseback, with Fame holding an olive 
 wreath. 
 
 " THIRD DAY'S SALE. 
 "Mat 8th, 1747. 
 
 121. Two drawings in Indian ink, and a Chinese lady's head. 
 
 122. A Madonna in water colours. 
 
 123. Our Saviour and the Samaritan woman in water colours. 
 
 124. A limning of the Assumption of the Virgin. 
 
 125. A curious bas-relievo, in ivory, of Jupiter and Leda. 
 
 126. Poelenburgh. A Magdalen, with angels 
 
 127. Cornelius Janssen. A lady, half-length. 
 
 128. Titian. A Holy Family. 
 
 129. Giorgione (school of). The martyrdom of St. Peter. 
 
 130. Wyck. A landscape with figures and horses. 
 
 131. „ Its companion. 
 
 132. Carlo Dala. Our Saviour's head, an oval. 
 
218 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 133. Carlo Dala. Its companion. 
 
 134. Cornelius Janssen. — Hervey, Esq., three-quarters. 
 
 135. Romanelli. Lot and his daughters. 
 
 136. Lucca Jordan (after). A Venus. 
 
 137. Yerelst. Two pictures of the seasons. 
 
 138. P. Anullo. A large piece of still life. 
 
 139. Italian. St. John. 
 
 140. Titian. A cardinal, half-length. 
 
 141. Sir G. Kneller. The Duke of Marlborough. 1 
 
 142. Vandyek. A charity. 
 
 143. V. Vande Velde. A sea fight. 
 
 144. Wyck. A large battle. 
 
 145. „ An old man's head, three-quarters. 
 
 146. „ Its companion. 
 
 147. Vandyek (after). King Charles the First, in three atti- 
 
 tudes. 
 
 148. Vandyek. A Madonna with angels, in a landscape. 
 
 149. 1ST. Poussin (after). A sacrifice to Bacchus. 
 
 150. Laroon. A conversation, in an oval. 
 
 151. Paris Bourdon. A Madonna and a St. John. 
 
 152. Poelenburgh. Cimon and Iphigenia. 
 
 153. Walker. King Charles I. (painted when a prisoner at 
 
 Hampton Court) and the Prince of Wales. 
 
 154. Seb. Ricci. 2 The Salutation of the Virgin, a design for 
 
 one of the chapel windows at Canons, and the wor- 
 shipping of the golden calf, its companion. 
 
 155. Seb. Eicci. Two ditto of the Nativity and the Ascension 
 
 of our Saviour. 
 
 156. Seb. Ricci. Two ditto, the stoning of Stephen, and our 
 
 Saviour with two disciples at Emmaus. 
 
 1 Though the Duke of Marlborough does not appear to have 
 been on friendly terms with his brother peer, he entertained 
 sufficient respect for the great General to have his portrait at 
 whole length by the first delineator of that day. 
 
 2 Sebastiani Ricci. Italian artist, 1670 — 1734. 
 
Catalogue of Pictures. 
 
 219 
 
 157. Heb. Kicci. Two ditto of St. John baptizing our Saviour, 
 
 and the healing of the lamb. 
 
 158. Seb. Eicci. Two ditto, the Virgin and St. Elizabeth, and 
 
 the Adoration of the Kings. 
 
 159. Seb. Ricci. Two ditto of our Saviour walking on the 
 
 sea, and the conversion of St. Paul. 
 
 160. Eight cartoons, after Raphael. 
 
 161. M. Angelo de Battaglia. A conversation. 
 
 162. Paul Veronese. Our Saviour's Passion in the garden. 
 
 163. N". Poussin. A Bacchanalian. 
 
 164. Holbein. Erasmus, a small three-quarters. 
 
 165. Rottenhamer. Silenus with nymphs. 
 
 166. David Teniers. A gallery. 
 
 167. Titian. A Dead Christ. 
 
 168. Taddeo Zaccaro. The entombing of our Saviour. 
 
 1 69. „ Nine miniatures of King Charles II., etc. 
 
 170. Gerard Dow. A gentleman playing the violin. 
 
 171. „ A lady playing the virginal. 
 
 172. ,, Its companion, a woman with a basket of 
 fruit. 
 
 173. Sir P. Lely. The Duke and Duchess of York, half- 
 
 length. 
 
 174. Rubens. A sleeping Venus, a Hermit, and the Devil. 
 
 175. Pordinone. The Virgin, our Saviour, and St. John. 
 
 176. Rubens. The tribute money. 
 
 " N.B. — Cavendish House, and the lands thereunto belong- 
 ing, to be sold in six lots agreeably to the printed conditions 
 of sale. 
 
 " FINIS." 
 
 The above constituted a small but select col- 
 lection of pictures by old and modern masters. If 
 those without names attached and the copies are 
 omitted, the number is considerably reduced, 
 though the quality remains. Had the examples 
 
220 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 of Holbein, Titian, Rubens, Paul Veronese, 
 Salvator Rosa, Grerard Dow, David Teniers, Guido, 
 Sir Peter Lely, aud Sir Greoffrey Kneller, alone 
 been retained by the second Duke, his descend- 
 ants would have been able to dispose of them, 
 at the present day, for far more than their 
 weight in gold. "What some were then sold, or 
 rather sacrificed for, will be seen in the next 
 chapter. 
 
CHAPTER XXI. 
 
 George Vertue's notes on some of the pictures sold from Canons 
 — Sale of the mansion in lots, and other effects — Ultimate 
 destination of some of the most noteworthy parts of the 
 chapel and edifice — Sale of the advowson of St. Lawrence, 
 Whitchurch, and of the Manor of Totteridge — The Duke, 
 as Groom of the Stole to H.K.H. the Prince of Wales, 
 receives commands from H.E.H. respecting the wearing 
 of French stuffs by his Court — The statue of King George I. 
 from Canons re-erected and uncovered, November 19th, 
 1748 — The second Duke of Chandos known to have re- 
 sembled his father in one particular at least — Finis. 
 
 Geoege Virtue, engraver, connoisseur, and art 
 critic, attended the sale of the late Duke of 
 Chandos' pictures, and with the minuteness of 
 detail that characterized him, has left a MS. 
 account of his visit, together with the prices 
 fetched by several of the most noteworthy pic- 
 tures. These in some instances were Jo w enough 
 to make many collectors of to-day wish they 
 had lived in the times of long ago, if only to 
 have benefited their descendants, when such 
 works of art could be purchased at prices that 
 embryo academicians of to-day would consider 
 too paltry for even their immature efforts. 
 
222 
 
 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 Vertue acknowledges that in the Duke's collection 
 were many curious pictures, and thought lot 47, 
 by Sir Peter Lely, a very fine specimen of that 
 master. Lely's picture sold for the magnificent 
 sum of 121. 10s. ; whilst lot 52, a specimen of 
 that great Dutch master David Teniers, depicting 
 " a Woman asleep in a kitchen," and pronounced 
 by this authority " a complete picture," changed 
 hands at 35^ guineas. Lot 59, a long drawing 
 in chiaro-scuro by Asland, he mentions " as worthy 
 of record ; " lot 97, a fine piece of clear trans- 
 parent colouring, representing " Ceres with a 
 cornucopia, and a Satyr with a flute," by the 
 great Peter Paul Rubens, was knocked down for 
 45 guineas ; lot 108, " Boys at School," by Gerard 
 Dow, sold for 42/. 10s. 6d. Eight sketches in 
 oil for the chapel windows at Canons, by Seb. 
 Bicci, fetched 48 guineas (gold frames included) ; 
 lot 160, eight cartoons in water colours, after 
 those of Raphael at Hampton Court, by Goupy, 
 sold for 171. 6s. (the Duke paid Goupy 300 
 guineas for them) ; lot 170, a fine specimen of 
 Gerard Dow, dated 1636, was bought for 88-J 
 guineas ; its companion, lot 171, " A Lady playing 
 on the Virginals," found a purchaser at 50/. 10s. ; 
 another specimen of this master's art, lot 172, 
 changed hands at 64 guineas ; lot 173, by Sir 
 
The Pictures Dispersed. 223 
 
 Peter Lely, " The Duke and Duchess of York," 
 fetched only 141. 10s. 
 
 The foregoing will give an idea of the artistic 
 value of the collection as a whole, and may tend 
 to enlighten art lovers as to the value of the 
 old masters at that period. It also informs us in 
 whose possession these works have been, and 
 confirms their authenticity. 
 
 A month or so following the dispersion of the 
 pictures, the contents of the mansion at Canons 
 were sold ; and so numerous were the lots that 
 it became the rage, for the moment, for persons to 
 possess something as having once belonged to 
 the ' Grand ' Duke or ' Princely ' Chandos ; there- 
 fore few who attended came away empty. The 
 finale arrived at last, and Canons, as a ducal 
 residence, ceased to exist, being razed to the 
 ground and the materials sold in lots. The 
 greater part of the materials were bought 
 with the estate by Mr. William Hallett, a 
 wealthy upholsterer of Long Acre, London, 
 who purchased the several lots at such a low 
 price, as to enable him, after erecting a fair- 
 sized residence upon a portion of the old 
 site, to acquire almost a small fortune by the 
 judicious re-sale of material not required for 
 his own purposes. The two porters' lodges 
 
The Princely Chandos. 
 
 he allowed to remain, having them transformed, 
 by skilful additions and alterations, into hand- 
 some villas, which were afterwards inhabited 
 by Colonel Lindsay and F. Aitken, Esq. 
 The whole of the building materia] s brought 
 the trustees only 11,0002., or about five per 
 cent, of their original cost, a shrinkage never 
 anticipated by the noble founder of Canons, but 
 fully corroborating the old saying, "Fools build 
 and wise men buy ; " although this implies 
 that if there were no fools there would be no 
 buyers. 
 
 The most important and handsome parts of 
 this unfortunate residence found other resting 
 places. The great portico and pillars were 
 purchased by Earl Tylney, for his magnificent 
 but unfortunate mansion, erected afterwards at 
 Wanstead. 1 
 
 The marble staircase and pillars of the 
 grand entrance hall were sold to the Earl of 
 Chesterfield, who used them to . beautify his 
 house in Mayfair, and where they still are. The 
 witty Stanhope was wont to term these his 
 ' canonical 5 pillars. 
 
 Among the numerous and costly articles of 
 vertu was a piece of carving, by the famous 
 1 There are many prints of this mansion still extant. 
 
A Carving by Gibbons. 
 
 225 
 
 Grinling Gibbons, representing the Stoning of 
 Stephen; the architectural parts of the design 
 were particularly well executed. This carving 
 had remained for many years at the carver's 
 house at Deptford, where he followed the pur- 
 suit of ship carving, until it was unearthed by 
 John Evelyn, who furthered Gibbons' interests 
 by recommending him to the notice of King 
 Charles II., who appointed him his wood carver. 
 This post he held during the four succeeding 
 reigns. The piece of carving from Canons was 
 purchased by the owner of Bush Hill Park, 
 Enfield, whose hall it adorned for many years. 
 
 The handsome altar, pulpit, font and pews 
 (arranged like choir stalls when in the private 
 chapel at Canons, demolished with the rest of 
 the building) and attributed to Grinling Gibbons, 
 though more probably done under his supervision, 
 were purchased by — Freeman, Esq., of Fawley 
 Court, Bucks, and set up in Fawley Church. 
 There they remained intact until recently. 1 
 
 1 The respected rector of this parish, the Eev. W. Afric 
 Tanner, M.A., courteously informs me that some six years ago 
 many of the oak seats were found to be so much worm-eaten 
 and affected with dry rot, that the church was reseated, though 
 as much of the old material was used as possible. He confirms 
 my already expressed opinion that the carving appears to be by 
 different hands ; a document in the parish chest verifies the 
 statement that this wood-work came from Canons. 
 
 Q 
 
226 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 The organ, 1 by the Jordans, is said to have 
 gone to the Church of St. John's, Southover, 
 (Lewes). This is incorrect, as it was purchased 
 for Trinity Church, Gosport, where it remains, 
 and is substantiated by a note to be found in 
 Hopkins' work on the Organ. The Chandos 
 coat of arms on the top of the instrument 
 also confirms it. Further proof exists in the 
 form of a printed document, dated 1748, in 
 possession of Mr. Howlett, at one time the 
 church organist, showing a kind of Dr. and 
 Cr. account concerning its acquirements, etc., 
 which runs thus : — 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 To cash paid Mr. Cock (the auctioneer) for the 
 
 organ as it stood at Canons . . . 117 12 0 
 To Mr. Jordan for taking it down, and carriage to 
 
 London 16 0 0 
 
 To Mr . Jordan for repairs . . . . 105 0 0 
 
 To do. for new swell . . . 30 0 0 
 
 To do. for repairs and carriage to Gosport 8 0 0 
 
 The above, with other curious items, make the 
 total cost 344Z. 15s. 6d. 
 
 The stained glass window is stated by the 
 learned Dr. Hughson (author of a " History of 
 Middlesex"), to have been purchased by the 
 parish of Great Malvern. Present day confirma- 
 
 1 Out of the private chapel. 
 
New College, Oxford. 
 
 227 
 
 tion of this is wanting, as no record of such a 
 purchase has been found by Mr. Notts, the 
 compiler of an exhaustive work on the historical 
 and interesting Parish Church of Great Malvern. 
 The writer admits, however, that during the 
 eighteenth century this church was neglected to 
 the greatest degree, and much of the magnificent 
 stained glass ruthlessly smashed by mischievous 
 schoolboys, also that one window at this period 
 was sold to eke out a churchwarden's account ! 
 But, even now, for all its vicissitudes, the edifice 
 contains some of the finest old stained glass in 
 the country. 
 
 The magnificent wrought iron railings, that at 
 one time closed the southern entrance to Canons, 
 now part the gardens of New College, Oxford, 
 though, strange to say, the learned and courteous 
 head of the college, Dr. Sewell, informs me 
 that no record of their acquirement can be 
 found amongst the archives of that institution ; 
 but he admits that tradition confirms their 
 purchase from Canons. Probably the ' powers 
 that were' in those days at the head of 
 "New" desired some memento of one who 
 had received his education at its hands, there- 
 fore they embellished their grounds with a piece 
 of the art of Tubal, said to have been the 
 
 q 2 
 
228 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 work of a celebrated hammersmith of that time. 
 A specimen of the handicraft of the latter may 
 still be seen without journeying to Oxford, in the 
 gate to the monument room of the Brydges 
 family at St. Lawrence, Whitchurch. Some 
 railings, of less beauty and design, though 
 singularly graceful, were bought by the parish 
 of St. John, Hampstead. These consist of gates 
 (one 1 still closes the main entrance to the 
 church) and part of the railings that enclose the 
 church. By the favour of the Kev. Sherrard 
 Burnaby, M.A., vicar of the parish, I am able 
 to corroborate the foregoing statement by the 
 church records. " That at a meeting of the 
 trustees of the parish church, 15th June, 1747, Mr. 
 Sanderson, surveyor, stated that there was a 
 quantity of iron gates and pallisadoes (palisades) 
 to be sold at a public auction, at Canons, the 
 seat of the (late) Duke of Chandos, etc. ' Agreed ' 
 That Mr. Vincent and Mr. Marl be desired to goto 
 Canons, with Mr. Sanderson, and view the above- 
 said, etc., and if approved, bid for and purchase 
 such part, as they think proper for the purpose 
 aforesaid." " At a meeting the 19th June, 1747, 
 Mr. Vincent and Mr. Marl reported that they had 
 bought at the sale at Canons, about fifty-nine 
 
 1 Said to be the private chapel gate. 
 
RAILING IN NEW COLLEGE, OXFORD. 
 
 Page 228. 
 
Purchases from Canons. 229 
 
 feet of iron pallisadoes (palisades) at 14s. Qd. 
 per cwt., the stone coping and brickwork under 
 it— then— included." " On the 25th July, 1747, 
 Mr. Vincent and Mr. Marl reported that they 
 have bought one other lot at the sale at Canons, 
 being two side iron gates, each about nine feet 
 wide, at 1 5.9. 6d. per cwt." 
 
 Among the other removes were some 
 curiously wrought copper-gilt lamps, having 
 stone pediments for their bases, and used to 
 light the grand avenue. One of similar make, 
 on a much larger scale, lit the entrance- hall. 
 Some of these were to be seen (so that well- 
 known antiquarian, John Timbs, affirms) at Day 
 and Martin's old premises in Holborn a few 
 years since. The author recollects an antique 
 lamp of singular design hanging over the 
 entrance there ; probably this was from Canons. 
 No present member of the firm can affirm any- 
 thing further than that some old lamps were on 
 the old premises at one time. 
 
 The Brydges family severed their connection 
 with the domain of Canons so thoroughly as to 
 dispose of the advowson to the Church of St. 
 Lawrence, Whitchurch, on which the late Duke 
 had spent large sums of money. 
 
 So departed the glory of Canons ! Into the 
 
230 
 
 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 history of the past went its magnificence and 
 splendour. Fate, however, has been kinder to 
 this spot than to many, as it has not yet been 
 devoured by the railway demon or ruthlessly 
 cut up for building. Though circumscribed, 
 it is still a charming residential property, 
 retaining almost intact the so-called "villa" 
 erected by Hallett, since whose time the estate has 
 changed owners repeatedly. Among the most 
 noteworthy possessors of this historical place 
 was Dennis 0' Kelly, the owner of the famous 
 racehorse Eclipse, who was buried in his time in 
 its grounds, only to be unearthed and the 
 skeleton exhibited in Mr. Bullock's Museum at 
 the Egyptian Hall later. Sir Thomas Plumer, 
 Master of the Rolls, was one of the next pos- 
 sessors of the estate. May it long continue to 
 remain an historical property. 
 
 "Whether the amount received by the disposal 
 of the estate of Canons, etc., was insufficient for 
 the purposes desired can only be surmised by the 
 fact that the following year, 1748, the manor 
 of Totteridge was sold by the Duke or his 
 Trustees, though the adjacent manor of Kings- 
 bury, the nearest to their late possession (Canons), 
 was retained. The assumption is that the 
 produce of the previous sale had failed to attain 
 the desired ends. 
 
A Sumptuary Decree. 
 
 231 
 
 It is not the purpose of this work to follow the 
 career or fortunes of the second Duke of Chan- 
 dos ; they were but commonplace. However, 
 the following may be of interest, in these days 
 of Fair Trade demonstrations. On November 
 19th, 1748, the Princess of Wales' birthday, 
 H.R.H. the Prince held a reception, and 
 noticing several lords handsomely attired in 
 clothes of French materials, desired his Groom 
 of the Stole (the Duke of Chandos) to acquaint 
 them, and all his servants, that after that day he 
 would be much displeased to see them appear in 
 materials of French manufacture. The same 
 notice was also communicated to the ladies. 1 
 
 This birthday reception took place at Leicester 
 House (Leicester Fields), and on the occasion the 
 statue of G-eorge I., lately brought from Canons, 
 and re-erected in the centre of that space, was 
 uncovered. 
 
 (Referring to the footnote on page 68 of this 
 work, respecting a recent publication on Leicester 
 Square, in which the date, 1748, for the re-erection 
 of this statue, is doubted, my authority for it 
 being correct is the November number of the 
 Gentleman's Magazine, 1748. — Author.) 
 
 1 Here is a case of 'history repeating itself,' as, in 1668, 
 both Houses of Parliament requested King Charles to give 
 similar commands to his courtiers. 
 
232 
 
 The Princely Chandos. 
 
 The second Duke of Chandos did not inherit all 
 his father's good qualities, but he imitated him 
 in one respect — he ventured into the bonds of 
 matrimony for a third time ! True, his means 
 were insignificant in comparison to his father's at 
 one time, but had he possessed the same wealth, 
 it is doubtful whether there would have been 
 another ' Princely ' Chandos. 
 
 FINIS. 
 
APPENDIX A. 
 
 To Mr. Beydges. 1 
 
 Camp at Lens le Beguines. 
 
 July 13th, 1705. 
 
 Sir, — I am favoured with your letter of the 19th of June, and 
 am very glad that upon your return, with success, 2 from your 
 election, you found your patent ready for entering into the pay 
 office. I assure myself of your faithful endeavours for the 
 service of her Majesty, and advantage of the troops, will not 
 be lost there, than they have been in other employments. 
 
 It will be much for your care to begin your accounts on a 
 clear footing, and what you have already remitted for the Army, 
 is a good presage of your future care of them, in which you will 
 not want my Lord Treasurer's assistance, so you may depend 
 on my endeavours to make your office as agreeable, as you may 
 desire. 
 
 I am, 
 
 With truth, Sir, 
 
 Yours, &c. 
 
 Marlborough. 
 
 l - Lieut.-Gren^ Murray's Marlborough's Letters and Dispatches, 
 
 1845. 
 
 2 Re-election for Hereford, upon accepting appointment. 
 
234 
 
 Appendix. 
 
 APPENDIX B. 
 
 Camp at Terbanck, 
 
 2nd July, 1708. 
 
 To Mr. Brydgbs. 1 
 
 Sir, — I was very glad to understand by your favour of the 
 4th ult., that you were returned to Town, 2 with so much 
 satisfaction and success. The provision that was made for you 
 in another place, when you found yourself opposed at Hereford, 
 will I hope convince you of the just sense your friends have 
 of your inclinations, and abilities to serve her Majesty and 
 the nation. You may be assured I shall be always ready to pro- 
 mote what may be agreeable to you. 
 
 I believe our long continuance in the camp has been a great 
 disappointment to our friends at home. I assure you it has 
 been no less so to me, after the measures I had concerted with 
 the Elector of Hanover, and Prince Eugene in April last, but I 
 hope we shall be able in a little time to send you some good 
 news, for I have an account that Prince Eugene's Army has 
 been on the march towards us these four days. The Prince 
 himself designs to be at Maestricht the 4th, in order to come 
 directly to the camp, and the horse three or four days after, and 
 if they can join us before the enemy have their troops from the 
 Saire, I think we need desire nothing more. 
 
 I am with truth, 
 
 Sir, &c. 
 
 M. 
 
 APPENDIX C. 
 
 Brussels, February 4th, 1709. 
 To Mr. Bridges. 1 
 Sir, — I received two days since your favour of the 2nd 
 
 1 Lieut.-Gen. Murray's Marlborough's Letters and Dispatches, 
 1845. 
 
 3 Speaking of his re-election for Hereford. 
 
Appendix. 
 
 235 
 
 of January, and though I am very sensible I may depend upon 
 your friendship, yet I am not sorry you received the opportunity 
 of expressing it on the late occasion, in the manner you might 
 have been inclined to do, for I am of opinion that in those 
 matters the less said the better. I hope my services will need 
 no apology with good men, and as long as they may be of any 
 benefit to the public I shall be very little concerned at the 
 endeavours any others may use to lessen them. 
 
 I am very glad my Lady Marlborough has given you such 
 perfect satisfaction upon the late groundless discourse of 
 removes, and shall myself readily embrace all opportunities of 
 assuring you that I am with truth 
 
 &c. &c. 
 
 M. 
 
 APPENDIX D. 
 
 Camp before Douay, 
 15th May, 1710. 
 
 To Mr. Brydges. 1 
 
 Sir, — I have received your obliging letter of the 24th past, 
 and return you thanks, for your kind congratulations on the 
 successful opening of the campaigns. . . 
 
 I am very well satisfied, I may always depend on your 
 friendship, and shall be glad on all occasions to give you first 
 assurances of the truth. 
 
 Wherewith I am, 
 
 Sir, &c. &c. 
 
 M. 
 
 17th July, 1710. 
 
 To Mr. Brydges. 1 
 Sir, — I received yesterday the favour of your letter of the 
 
 1 Lieut. -Gen. Murray's Marlborough's Letters and Dispatches, 
 1845. 
 
236 
 
 Appendix. 
 
 21st of June, and am very much obliged to you for the kind 
 part you take in our successes here, we should he very happy 
 if they could contribute towards quieting and calming the 
 ferment at home, which otherwise may unravel whatever it is 
 possible for us to clo on this side. I am glad Lady Marl- 
 borough prevented you in your application to succeed Mr. 
 Howe. I assure you, no man but yourself shall have my good 
 wishes towards it, and whenever ' the employment became 
 vacant, I will readily do my part in such a manner as you shall 
 think most effectual. 
 
 Being with truth, 
 
 Sir, &c. &c. 
 
 M. 
 
 APPENDIX E. 
 
 ; September 8th, 1710. 
 
 To Mr. Brydges. 1 
 
 Sir, — I am favoured with your letter of the 18th past, and 
 am very sensible of the concern you were in at the removal of 
 my Lord Treasurer, you may guess by it what mine must have 
 been, not only from the friendship and intimacy that has been 
 so long between us, but more particularly for the sake of the 
 public, which ought to be our chief care, therefore I cannot 
 but approve of your resolution of continuing your employment, 
 since I am persuaded it can never be in better hands, and 
 while I have anything to say, I am sure you cannot doubt of 
 my friendship. 
 
 I was glad to see by your letter to Mr. Cardonel, you had 
 made such considerable remittances for the troops, with promise 
 of 10O,000Z. more the week following, which I hope is come over, 
 our regular subsistence here being of the last consequence to 
 
 * Irieut.-Gen. Murray's Marlborough's Letters and Dispatches, 
 1845. 
 
Appendix. 
 
 237 
 
 the Service. I cannot help mentioning to you on this occasion 
 the daily clamours I have from the Prussian troops for want 
 of the payment of their last winter's quarters, and must pray, 
 you will take immediate care, to ease me of their importunities. 
 
 I am with truth, &c, &c., 
 
 M. 
 
 APPENDIX F. 
 
 Hague, 
 March 31st, 1711. 
 
 To Mr. Brydges. 1 
 
 Sir, — I am so much ohliged to you for your letter of the 
 26th February, that I cannot omit my thanks for it, and in 
 return for the fresh assurances you give me of your friendship, 
 I pray you will believe nothing in' my power shall ever be 
 wanting, that may convince you of the sincerity of mine. 
 
 We have been very much disappointed for want of timely 
 remittances for the forage. I have directed Mr. Cardonel s to 
 write you as formerly, on this subject, to whom, therefore, I 
 pray you will be referred. 
 
 I am, Sir, 
 
 Tours, &c, <fcc, 
 M. 
 
 APPENDIX G. 
 
 July 22nd, 1711. 
 
 To Mr. Brydges. 3 
 Sir, — As busy as I am of a post night, I cannot omit writing 
 
 1 Lieut.- Gen. Murray's Marlborough's Letters and Dispatches, 
 1845. 
 
 2 His private secretary. 
 
 3 Parkes' Life of Henry St. John, Viscount Bolingbroke. 
 
2 3 8 
 
 Appendix. 
 
 to you upon a subject wherein I think myself particularly con- 
 cerned. Mr. Blake made a very considerable provision of all 
 sorts of stores for the expedition commanded by Brigadier 
 Hill, as those preparations both for land and sea, were kept 
 private, and went almost singly through my hands ; so it fell 
 to my share to contract on this occasion, by the Queen's Com- 
 mands. The poor man I believe is half broke by being kept 
 so long out of his money, after having extended his credit to 
 the utmost stretch. My Lord Treasurer has promised to give 
 dispatch to this affair, and I am confident will do it, even to- 
 morrow morning, if you are so kind as to demand the money. 
 Mr. Blake is in danger of being arrested. I am sure I had 
 rather be so, than teased at the rate I have been about this 
 matter. I beg your assistance herein, and shall take it for as 
 great a favour, as if I was personally concerned in it. 
 
 I am, &c, &c., 
 
 H. St. John. 
 
 APPENDIX H. 
 
 Camp at Lens, 
 
 July 16th, 1711. 
 
 To Mr. Brtdges. 1 
 
 Sir, Your letter of the 9th of the last month is come safe 
 
 to hand, and gives me fresh instances of your friendship, which 
 I shall always depend upon, as you may that nothing shall be 
 wanting, as far as lies in my power to make you suitable 
 return. We must continue to do our duty, and so long as I 
 think, neither malice or envy can do us much harm, you will 
 oblige me in continuing to let me know what you think may 
 be worth my notice, and pray believe me with great sincerity, 
 
 Sir, &c, &c. ; 
 
 M. 
 
 1 Lieut.-Gen. Murray's Marlborough's Letters and Dispatches, 
 1845. 
 
Appendix. 
 
 239 
 
 APPENDIX I. 
 
 Camp, 
 October 1st, 1711. 
 
 To Mr. Brydges 1 of the Ordnance. 
 
 Sir, — As I always intended the accounts of the application 
 of the money issued at the Exchequer, for the building of 
 Blenheim, should be audited with all the strictness possible, 
 for the satisfaction of her Majesty and the public, though 
 otherwise I am no ways accountable for it. I should be very 
 much obliged to you, if you would take the trouble upon you, 
 with the assistance of Mr. Mercaton and Mr. Mead or such 
 other, as you shall think proper, who may begin the examina- 
 tion immediately. And upon my return, which I hope may 
 be in less than two months, I will give you such powers or 
 other assistance, as shall be thought necessary, being well 
 assured my Lord Treasurer will fully approve of what you 
 shall do therein. 
 
 I am with truth, 
 
 Sir, &c, &c, 
 
 M. 
 
 1 Lieut.-Gen. Murray's Marlborough's Letters and Dispatches, 
 1845. 
 
1 
 
INDEX. 
 
 A. 
 
 Aconbtjry, a seat of Lord Chandos, 1. 
 Acton, Francis, Esq., sub-governor 
 
 of African Company, 130. 
 African, the, Royal, Company, 129, 
 
 130. 
 
 Anne, Queen, 8. 
 
 Annesley, Francis, a Commissioner 
 
 re army accounts, 45. 
 Arabian, the "Darley," 9. 
 Arnulp, 1. 
 
 Arundel, the Earl of, 1. 
 Ashburnham, death of Earl, 198. 
 
 B. 
 
 Barnard, Sir Henry, 9. 
 Barnet races, Duke of Chandos and, 
 160. 
 
 Bath, pillar at, to the Prince of 
 Orange, 190. 
 
 Beaumont, Sir Joseph, and Lord 
 Privy Seal, 23. 
 
 Berkeley, Alice, 2. 
 
 , Elizabeth, 2. 
 
 , Sir Thomas, 2. 
 
 Bernard, Solicitor-General for Ire- 
 land, 35. 
 
 Bertie, Henry, a Commissioner re 
 
 army accounts, 45. 
 Blackwell, Alexander, and Canons, 
 
 68. 
 
 Brand, Wm., and the Oratorio of 
 
 Esther, 84. 
 Brentford, 33. 
 Bridges, family of, 1. 
 Bridgewater, Duke of, 116. 
 Brigge, family of, 1. 
 Brignall, Edward, re privilege, 146. 
 Brockley Hill, 126. 
 Bromley, Commissioner, 6. 
 Bruce, Lord, 160. 
 
 Bruges, family of, 1. 
 
 Brugge, family of, 1. 
 
 , Sir Thomas, 2. 
 
 — , John de, 3. 
 
 Brydges, family of, 1. 
 
 , Henry, D.D., and the 
 
 " Darley " Arabian, 9 ; his livings, 
 121 ; chaplain to George I., 122 ; 
 Prebendary of St. Paul's, 122. 
 
 , James, seventh Lord Chan- 
 dos, 2. 
 
 , James, eighth Lord and 
 
 first Duke of Chandos, 2 ; his 
 birth, 2 ; enters New College, 
 Oxford, 2; M.P. for Hereford, 3; 
 deputed by the Commons, 3 ; 
 speaks against grants, 5 ; re Lord 
 Somers, 6 ; and Earl Ranelagh, 6 ; 
 his care for the National Exche- 
 
 j quer, 7 ; re sureties, 7 ; an auditor 
 of the Imprests, 8 ; appointed 
 Paymaster to the Forces abroad, 
 8 ; goes to Flanders, 11 ; letters 
 by, 11 ; neglect by, 12; on Prince 
 George's Council, 12 ; mention of 
 by Dean Swift, 13; remits to the 
 forces in Spain, 13 ; elected a 
 F.R.S., 14 ; and the Duke of Marl- 
 
 i borough, 14, 15, 17, 18, 22, 24, 
 27, 31, 32, see also Appendices; 
 changes early political convic- 
 tions, 15 ; payments by, 16 ; and 
 his accounts, 20 ; and Henry 
 St. John, 22, 23 ; residence in 
 Albemarle Street damaged by fire, 
 22 ; and South Sea Company, 24 ; 
 report on accounts of, 25 ; building 
 projects bp, 33 ; inherits estate of 
 Canons, 33 ; and Earl Granard's 
 pension, 35 ; official letter to, by 
 Henry St. John, 36 ; death of first 
 
 R 
 
Index. 
 
 wife of, 38; and sale of offices, 
 42 ; reasons why could not adjust 
 credits, 44-45 ; no specific charge 
 made against, 47 ; circumspection 
 shown by, 47 ; returned again 
 for Hereford, 47 ; and the motto. 
 " Noblesse Oblige," 48 ; accounts 
 mentioned by Smollett in his 
 History of England, 48 ; still in 
 office as Paymaster, 50 ; presents 
 estimate to the Commons, 50 ; 
 letter by, to the Treasury, 51; 
 marries again, 52 ; money in hands 
 of, for official purposes, 53 ; suc- 
 ceeded in Pay Office, 54 ; presents 
 accounts to the Commons, 54; ac- 
 quires lease of Enfield Chace, 55 ; 
 proposes to rebuild St. Lawrence, 
 Whitchurch, 56 ; mentioned as a 
 possible commissioner for carrying 
 on the Treasury, 57 ; succeeds his 
 father as Lord Chandos, 58; | 
 created Visoount Wilton and Earl i 
 of Carnarvon, 58 ; questioned as to j 
 certain South Sea stock, 71 ; 
 created Duke of Chandos, 89. See 
 also Carnarvon, Earl of ; Chandos, 
 Duke of. 
 
 C. 
 
 Canons, estate of, 33 ; situation of, 
 61; substantial character of edi- 
 fice, 62 ; description of, 63-69 ; 
 situation of private chapel, 68 ; 
 additions contemplated to, 94 ; 
 plan for conducting establishment 
 at, 123 ; Daniel Defoe's account 
 of, 145 ; art treasures at, 147 ; 
 poem on, 157 ; library at, sold, 
 211 ; pulled down, 212 ; pictures 
 removed from, 212 ; materials 
 of, and estate bought by Mr. 
 Hallett, 223. 
 
 Cantref Moelynaidd, account of the 
 Manor of, 137. 
 
 Carnarvon, the Earl of, and Sir 
 Pertinax Macsycophant compared, 
 58; political convictions of, 58; 
 frequently applied concerning his 
 late accounts, 59, 69 ; interferes 
 in election of M.Ps. for Hereford, 
 60 ; disposes of Herefordshire pro- 
 perty, 60 ; architects employed by, 
 62 ; his bodyguard at Canons, 68 ; 
 accounts of, requiring Privy Seals, 
 73 ; accounts for missing South 
 Sea stock, 75 ; copy of a Privy 
 Seal issued to, 75 ; further report 
 
 on accounts of, 76 ; a poem dedi- 
 cated to, 77 ; elected Governor of 
 Turkey Company, 79 ; and Dr. 
 Pepusch, 82 ; appoints G. F. Han- 
 del his choirmaster, 83 ; presents 
 Handel with 10001., 85; called on 
 to adjust grievances in the Turkey 
 Company's affairs, 86 ; purchases 
 ground in Albemarle Street, 88 ; 
 and Eoyal favour, 89 ; created 
 Marquis of Carnarvon and Duke 
 of Chandos, 89; godfather to 
 Lord Rodney, 89. See also Brydges, 
 Jas. ; Chandos, Duke of. 
 Carnarvon, John, Marquis of, goes to 
 Oxford, 107; takes degree of 
 LL.D., 131; goes the "Grand 
 Tour," 133 ; proposed marriage 
 of, 134 ; marriage of, 145 ; enters 
 House of Commons, 155 ; death of, 
 155. 
 
 — , Henry, Marquis of, 156 ; 
 
 marriage of, 160 ; George II., 
 opinion of, 198 ; death of first wife 
 of, 212. 
 
 Caroline, Queen, death of, 201. 
 Carter, Mrs., who assumed to be, 195. 
 
 ( Henry, a Commissioner, 45. 
 
 Cartwright, Henry, 8. 
 
 Cavendish Square, Duke of Chandos 
 
 and, 126, 159, 213. 
 Chandos, the first Baron, 2. 
 . . — , the seventh Baron, 9, 34 ; 
 
 death of, 57; to be created an 
 
 Earl, 57. 
 
 f James, first Duke of, his 
 
 connection with Harrow School, 
 90; termed the "Grand" and 
 "Princely," 92; purchases the 
 Duke of Ormonde's house, 92; 
 death of mother of, 93; has a 
 yacht built, 93 ; presents a house 
 to Colonel Dobbins, 94 ; nephews of, 
 quit the public service, 95; Brydges 
 and Chandos Streets, W.C., and, 
 96 ; and the Mississippi Scheme, 
 96 ; waylaid, 108 ; purchases 
 estates, 110 ; gains 30,000?. by 
 South Sea stock, 111 ; sells Queen's 
 Square, Westminster, 111; cited 
 by Captain Stevens, in a petition, 
 112 ; consults with the Dnke of 
 Newcastle concerning South Sea 
 stock, 113 ; purchases ground in 
 Cavendish Square, 115; chairman 
 of York Buildings Company, 116; 
 rumours as to the financial position 
 of, 122 ; sells the produce of his 
 
Index. 
 
 243 
 
 garden, 123; and his librarian, 
 123 ; and the parishioners of 
 St. Lawrence, Whitchurch, 124 ; 
 settles mansion in St. James's 
 Square on his son, 125 ; projects a 
 road from Cavendish Square to 
 Canons, 125 ; approves plan for 
 mansion in Cavendish Square, 
 127 ; and breach of privilege, 127 ; 
 votes against inquiry into affairs 
 of South Sea Company, 128; con- 
 nects himself with the Royal 
 African Company, 130; elected a 
 governor of the Charter House, 
 131 ; made clerk of the Hanaper, 
 132 ; patronizes Gay, the poet, 
 133 ; purchases advowson of 
 Rotherhithe, 133 ; made Lord 
 Lieutenant of Hereford and 
 Radnor, 134; one of his servants 
 attacked, 136 ; made a Privy 
 Councillor, 137 ; made High 
 Steward of Cantref Moelynaidd, 
 137 ; mentioned as a likely K.G., 
 139 ; rewards a clergyman for 
 honesty, 140 ; losses incurred by, 
 in the Royal African Company, 
 141 ; Speaker Onslow's character 
 of, 141 ; and his gift to labourers, 
 144 ; raises another question of 
 privilege, 146; relieves distressed 
 husbandmen, 149; letter by, to 
 Lord Dysart, 150-154; petitions 
 for a Privy Seal, 156 ; builds 
 Chandos Court, at Bath, 157; 
 poetic effusions on, 157 ; as owner 
 of Middle Scotland Yard, 158; 
 builds in Cavendish Square, 159 ; 
 Chandos Street, W., and, 159 ; his 
 servants again waylaid, 160 ; sells 
 advowson of Rotherhithe, 160; 
 another of his servants attacked, 
 161 ; and Barnot races, 161 ; 
 patronizes Hogarth, 175; asks 
 permission of the Lords to bring 
 in a bill vesting certain estates, 
 176 ; lends his residence at Bath 
 to the Prince of Orange, 177 ; 
 refuses Dean Swift his Irish MSS., 
 180; lines by Dean Swift on, 180- 
 181; and Mrs. Pendarves, 182; 
 mining grant bestowed on, 183; 
 letter by, 183 ; death of chaplain, 
 184; further letters by, 185-188; 
 death of Duchess of, 188 ; and 
 colonists to Georgia, 189 ; and the 
 Duke of Newcastle, 190 ; marries 
 Lady Davall, 191 j and Mrs. 
 
 R 
 
 Pendarves thereon, 193 ; this third 
 Duchess supposed to have been an 
 ostler's wife, 195-196 ; made Cap- 
 tain of the Yeomen of the Guard, 
 198 ; sends letter of condolence to 
 Sir Robert Walpole, 200 ; a chief 
 mourner at the interment of 
 Queen Caroline, 201; made a 
 Governor of the Foundling, 202 ; 
 requests favours from the Duke of 
 Newcastle, 203-205 ; death of, 205 ; 
 his career reviewed, 205-206 ; lines 
 upon, 257; interment of, 207; 
 epitaph on, 208 ; his last wishes, 
 209. 
 
 Chandos, Henry, second Duke of, 
 marries Anne Wells, 196 ; George 
 II., opinion of, 199 ; succeeds his 
 father, 209 ; groom of the Stole to 
 H.R.H. the Prince of Wales, 210; 
 finds the estate encumbered, 210 ; 
 petitions House of Lords, 210-211 ; 
 his mansion of Canons demolished, 
 212 ; sells pictures, 212 ; his man- 
 sion in Cavendish Square offered 
 for sale, 213 ; compared with his 
 father, 232; marries a third time, 
 232. 
 
 Chesterfield, the Earl of, purchases 
 staircase from Canons, 224. 
 
 Clare Hall, Cambridge, and advow- 
 son of Rotherhithe, 160. 
 
 Clark, R., Mr., and Handel, 195. 
 
 Coke, a Commissioner, 6. 
 
 Commissioners, a further report of, 
 concerning Mr. Brydges' accounts, 
 39. 
 
 Copley, a Commissioner, 6. 
 
 " Cotswold, King of," the, 135. 
 
 Cricklade, 3. 
 
 D. 
 
 Daily Gourant, the letter in, 171 ; 
 
 another, 172. 
 Darley, John Renter, 9. 
 
 , Thomas, 9. 
 
 Davall, Lady, 191 ; her ancestry, 193. 
 
 , Sir Thomas, M.P., 191. 
 
 Day and Martin's, 229. 
 
 Decker, Sir Matthew, and the Duke 
 
 of Chandos, 111. 
 Defoe, Daniel, opinion of the Duke's 
 
 mansion in St. James's Square, 
 
 111 ; his account of Canons, 145. 
 Dent, John and William, 136. 
 Dysart, Lord, and the Duke of 
 
 Chandos, 151-154. 
 
244 
 
 Index. 
 
 e. 
 
 Edgware, 33; its vicinity to Canons, 
 64. 
 
 Edward I., 2. 
 . II., 3. 
 
 English Copper Company, the, and 
 writ of scire facias, 119 ; petitions 
 Government, 139. 
 
 Enfield Chace, particulars of, 151- 
 153. 
 
 Esther, Oratorio of, 84. 
 
 F. 
 
 Foundling Hospital, Duke of Chan- 
 dos Governor of, 202. 
 
 G. 
 
 Gay, John, the poet, and South Sea 
 stock, 133; publishes his poems, 
 133. 
 
 George I. and the Duke of Marl- 
 borough, 33 ; godfather to Lord 
 Rodney, 89. 
 
 II., 132. 
 
 Germain, Lady Betty and Pope, 174 ; 
 
 and Swift, 181. 
 Gibbons, Grinling, carving by, 66. 
 Gibbs, Mr., one of the architects of 
 
 Canons, 62. 
 Gildon, Mr., the poet, 77. 
 Glastonbury, George Inn, 195. 
 Godolphin, Earl, Lord Treasurer, 16- 
 
 17 ; and sale of offices, 43 ; death 
 
 of, 47. 
 
 Golden Square, and statue of 
 
 George II., 69. 
 Gosport Holy Trinity Church, and 
 
 organ from Canons, 226. 
 Granard, Earl, and his pension, 35. 
 Gwyn, Sir Eichard, defends Lord 
 
 Somers, 6. 
 
 H. 
 
 Halifax, Charles, Lord, impeached, 
 3, 5, 15. 
 
 Hallett, Mr., purchases materials 
 and estate of Canons, 223 ; erects 
 a villa, 224 ; converts porter's 
 lodges into villas, 224. 
 
 Hampstead, St. John, church of, and 
 railings from Canons, 228. 
 
 Hammond, Anthony, Esq., and Earl 
 Granard's pension, 35. 
 
 Handel, G.T., choirmaster at Canons, 
 83 ; compositions by, 83-84 ; anec- 
 dote of, 85; prophesies his own 
 appreciation, 85. 
 
 Hanaper, account of office of the, 
 132. 
 
 Harleian MSS., reference to, 12. 
 Harley, Auditor, Mr., and accounts 
 
 relating to the Pay Office, &c, 16, 
 
 19, 24, 26, 70, 72. 
 Hart, Mr. Moses, and the Duke of 
 
 Chandos, 97. 
 Harvest, effects of a wet, 149. 
 Hastings, battle of, 1. 
 Henry III., 2. 
 
 " Hervey Memoirs," extract from, 
 198. 
 
 Hill, Aaron, letter to, from Pope, 
 168. 
 
 Hogarth, Wm., lampoons Pope, 
 175. 
 
 Hospital of St. John the Baptist, 
 
 Bath, 157. 
 Hughson, Dr., 226. 
 Humphreys, S., writes a poem on 
 
 Canons, 157. 
 Hulsberg, an elevation of Canons, 
 
 by, 62. 
 
 I. 
 
 " Ipswich," the Turkey Company's 
 ship, 9. 
 
 Islay, Earl of, and John Law, 103. 
 J- 
 
 James I., 33, 
 
 , of Greenwich, one of the 
 
 architects of Canons, 62. 
 
 Janssen, Sir Theodore, and the Duke 
 of Chandos, 111. 
 
 John, Henry St., 6; speaks in 
 favour of James Brydges, 22 ; re- 
 quests a favour of James Brydges, 
 23 ; writes official letter to James 
 Brydges, 36. 
 
 Jones, John, and breach of privilege, 
 127. 
 
 Jordans, organ by the, at Canons, 
 66, 226. 
 
 K. 
 
 Kaeyscht, Mr., 84. 
 King, Robert, petition of re Peters, 
 74. 
 
 , Timothy, and breach of privi- 
 lege, 146. 
 
 L. 
 
 Lake, Mary, 3, 33. 
 
 , Sir Thomas, 3, 33. 
 
 , Sir Bybye, petitions Treasury, 
 
 70 ; and African Company, 130. 
 Law, John, and the Mississippi 
 
 Scheme, 98-102 ; aneedote of, 103 ; 
 
 and his coachman, 103 ; wealth of, 
 
Index. 
 
 245 
 
 104 ; dignities acquired by, 104 ; 
 and the "Pitt" diamond, 104; 
 popular fury against, 105 ; shows 
 signs of mental derangement, 
 105; arrives in London, 106; ar- 
 raigned for manslaughter, 106 ; 
 leaves England, 106 ; death of, 106. 
 
 Leach, Eichard, and question of 
 privilege, 146. 
 
 Leicester Square, 68, 231. 
 
 Levinge, Attorney-General for Ire- 
 land, 35. 
 
 Lister, Thomas, a Commissioner, 45. 
 Lockhart, Mr., a Commissioner, 29, 45. 
 Losse, Sir Hugh, 33. 
 Loundes, Mr., and Mr. Brydges, 12. 
 
 M. 
 
 Machado, Antonio Alvarez, 30. 
 
 Malvern, Great, 227. 
 
 Marlborough, the Duke of, and Mr. 
 Brydges, 8, 14, 15, 17, 18, 22, 24, 27, 
 31; and contracts, 29, 30, 31, 33 ; 
 result of investigations concern- 
 ing, 32, 36. See also Appendices. 
 
 Mary, Queen, 2. 
 
 Mayn waring, H., auditor, 26 ; and 
 sale of offices, 43. 
 
 Medina, Sir Solomon de, 29, 30. 
 
 Meriton, Henry, Esq., and Mrs. 
 Brydges, 42. 
 
 Mississippi Scheme, the, and the 
 Duke of Chandos, 98 ; fortunes 
 gained by speculating in, 102-103; 
 failure of, 105 ; and South Sea 
 Scheme compared, 106. 
 
 Montague, Edward Wortley, and 
 Turkey Company, 81 ; Lady Mary 
 Wortley, 81 ; Duke of, aiid colo- 
 nists to Georgia, 189 ; and Duke 
 of Chandos, 91. 
 
 Moody, James, deputy auditor, 17. 
 
 Moore, Thomas, paymaster, 54. 
 
 , R., and Middle Scotland 
 
 Yard, 158. 
 
 Morice, Mr., a deputy paymaster, 
 46. 
 
 , jr., a petition by, 59. 
 
 Mostyn, Sir Roger, and South Sea 
 
 stock, 71, 75. 
 Munroe, Mr., and the Duke of 
 
 Chandos, 146. 
 
 N. 
 
 Negus, Colonel, death of, 88. 
 Newcastle, the Duke of, and James 
 
 Brydges, 21 ; and Duke of Chandos, 
 
 190, 203. 
 
 Newbury, the "Castle" and. "Peli- 
 can " hostels at, 195. 
 
 Newton, Sir Isaac, and Dr. Desagu- 
 liers, 56. 
 
 Nicholas, the MSS., 23. 
 
 , Edward, 23, 24. 
 
 O. 
 
 O'Kelly, Dennis, and Canons, 230. 
 Onslow, Sir Richard, and Turkey 
 
 Company, 79. 
 , Speaker, character of the 
 
 Duke of Chandos, 141. 
 Orange, the Prince of, and the Duke 
 
 of Chandos, 177 ; and Bath, 190; 
 
 marries the Princess Royal, 190. 
 Organ, the, from Canons, where set 
 
 up, 226. 
 
 Oxford, the Earl, 25 ; removed from 
 office, 56. 
 
 , New College, and railings 
 
 from Canons, 227. 
 
 P. 
 
 Partition, the, Treaty, 5. 
 Paymaster to the Forces, why post 
 
 of was lucrative, 52. 
 Paulocii and Canons, 65. 
 Pendarves, Mrs., and Dean Swift, 
 
 182, 193, 194. 
 Pepusch, John Christopher, Dr., and 
 
 Canons, 82. 
 Pepper, Major-Gen eral,' M.P., death 
 
 of, 155. 
 
 Pergotti, the decorator, and Canons, 
 65. 
 
 Peterborough, the Earl of, death of, 
 190. 
 
 Peters, Robert, 70. 
 Pictures, catalogue of, from Canons, 
 212. 
 
 Plumer, Sir Thomas, and Canons, 230. 
 
 Pope, Alexander, attacks the Duke 
 of Chandos in his essay on " The 
 Use of Riches," 163-165; sup- 
 posed reason for the attack, 165 ; 
 denies the inference, 166 ; his 
 letter to Aaron Hill, 168-170; 
 letters concerning, in the Daily 
 Courant, 171-172; denies receiving 
 1000J. from the Duke of Chandos, 
 173 ; writes an apology ; 174 ; his 
 exculpatory letter to the Duke of 
 Chandos, 174 ; Lady Betty Ger- 
 main and, 174 ; attacked by 
 Hogarth, 175 ; extols the Duke of 
 Chandos in his poem " The Charac- 
 ters of Men," 175. 
 
246 
 
 Index. 
 
 Price, John, 126. 
 
 Privilege, question of, raised by the 
 Dnke of Chandos, 127, 146. 
 
 R. 
 
 Raiiton, Thomas, 3, 
 Randall, Dr., of Cambridge, 84. 
 Ranelagh, the Earl, dismissed, 6-7. 
 Rivers, Pitt, Esq., and Sndeley 
 
 Castle, 135. 
 Robinson, Dr., Bishop of Bristol, 23. 
 
 ■—, " Long," Sir Thomas, 176. 
 
 Rodney, Captain, father of first Lord 
 
 Rodney, 89. 
 Rotherhithe, advowson of, 133. 
 
 S. 
 
 St. John, Henry, 6, 22, 23, 36. 
 Sale of pictures from Canons, 213- 
 219. 
 
 of buildings in Cavendish 
 
 Square, 213. 
 Savage, — , and Oratorio of Esther, 
 
 84 
 
 Scobell, — , a Commissioner, 6. 
 Sewell, Dr., Master of New College, 
 
 Oxford, 227. 
 Seal, Privy, need of a, 16. 
 Segar, Henry, 4. 
 
 Sharpe, Mr., steward to Henry, Duke 
 
 of Chandos, 126. 
 Shorthouse, .Rev. Hugh, death of, 
 
 184. 
 
 Sheppard, Mr., one of the architects 
 of Canons, 62. 
 
 Shippen, William, 45. 
 
 Sion House, 33. 
 
 Smollett, the historian, 48. 
 
 Somers, John, Lord, 5, 6, 15. 
 
 South Sea Company, scheme of, 24 ; 
 stock held by Mr. Brydges in, for 
 official purposes, 54 ; pamphlets 
 upon the, 114; and its compeers, 
 115 ; capital of kindred under- 
 takings, 116 ; brings authority to 
 bear against unauthorized corpora- 
 tions, 118 ; and actions against 
 other companies, 118-119. 
 
 Spencer, Miss, author of "How to 
 be rid of a Wife," 195. 
 
 Stafford, county of, grant of mining 
 rights in, 182. 
 
 Stanmore, Middlesex, and the Duke 
 of Chandos, 156. 
 
 Steam engine, an early one in 
 London, 117. 
 
 Stevens, Captain, petitions the 
 Treasury, 112. 
 
 Steward, Mr., tutor to John, Mar- 
 quis of Carnarvon, 131. 
 
 Strong, the mason employed at 
 Canons, 62. 
 
 Sudeley Castle, Gloucester, estate 
 of, 134-135 ; visited by Queen 
 Elizabeth, 135 ; Queen Catharine 
 Parr buried there, 135. 
 
 Swift, Dean of St. Patrick's, and Mr. 
 Brydges, 13, 32; Lady Betty 
 Germain's correspondence with, 
 174, 181; requests srift 0 f MSS. 
 from the Duke of Chandos, 178- 
 180; and its refusal, 180; and 
 satirical lines upon the Duke of 
 Chandos, 180-181 ; and Mrs. 
 Pendarves, 181, 192. 
 
 Sydney, Colonel, a Comptroller of 
 the Excise, 43. 
 
 T. 
 
 " Taste," Hogarth's plate, 195. 
 Thicknesse, Mr., and family of Anne 
 
 Wells or Jeffryes, 196-197. 
 Thirlby, Styan, "Dr.," librarian at 
 
 Canons, 123-124. 
 Thomas, Lord Chandos, 2. 
 Timbs, John, anoiquary, 229. 
 Timon, intended for the Duke of 
 
 Chandos, in Pope's Essays, 163. 
 Totteridge, the manor of, and the 
 
 Duke of Chandos, 230. 
 Turkey, the, Company, 9 ; account of, 
 
 79-81 ; grievances of members 
 
 of, 87 ; and its silk trade, 88 ; 
 
 loses a vessel, 94 ; condition of, 
 
 107. 
 
 Tylney, the Earl, and Wanstead, 52 ; 
 purchases portico and pillars from 
 Canons, 224. 
 
 U. 
 
 Utrecht, the peace of, 23. 
 
 V. 
 
 Vanhatten, the family of, 193-194. 
 
 , John, 194. 
 
 , Lydia Catherine, 194. 
 
 Vertue, George, and Canons, 148 ; 
 
 his opinion on pictures there, 148 ; 
 
 attends sale of pictures from 
 
 Canons, 221-223. 
 
 W. 
 
 Wales, the Prince of, and George II., 
 199; and Henry, Marquis of 
 Carnarvon, 199 ; and Henry, Duke 
 
Index. 
 
 247 
 
 of Chandos, 231; and Welsh 
 
 Copper Company, 116. 
 Wales, the Princess of, and statue of 
 
 George I. in Leicester Square, 231. 
 Walpole, Lady, death of, 199. 
 Sir Eobert, and Duke of 
 
 Chandos, 200. 
 Wanley, Humfrey, 84. 
 Watkins, Captain, 9. 
 Watts, Mr., and the Duke of 
 
 Chandos, 123. 
 Welsh, the, Copper Company, 116, 
 
 119. 
 
 Wells, Anne, and Henry, Duke of 
 Chandos, 196; death of , 197. 
 
 Westmoreland, Thomas, Earl of, and 
 York Buildings Company, 120. 
 
 Whitchurch, church of St. Law- 
 rence, not the private chapel at 
 Canons, 63 ; rebuilt by Duke of 
 Chandos, and opened for service, 
 
 125 ; George Vertue's remarks on, 
 148 ; the first Duke of Chandos 
 interred there, 207 ; advowson of, 
 sold, 229. 
 Whigs, the, 59. 
 
 William, Duke of Normandy, 1. 
 III. and Mary, 13 and 14 
 
 cap. of, 15. 
 Winnington Solway, a Commissioner, 
 
 45. 
 
 Wood, Mr., architect, 157. 
 Wolfstenholme, Thomas, 7. 
 
 Y. 
 
 York Buildings Company, the, 116- 
 118 ; lines on, 118 ; writ issued 
 against, 119 ; its stock falls 
 heavily, 119. 
 
 Young, author of " Night 
 Thoughts," and the Dnke of 
 Chandos, 162. 
 
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 BUCHANAN, R. See B^i 
 
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 BUN Y AN. See Low's Stao- 
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 BURDETT-COUTTS, Brook- 
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 BURGOYNE, Operations in 
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 BURNLEY, James, History of 
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 BUTLER, Col. Sir W. F. t 
 
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 See also Low's Standard 
 
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 BUXTON, Ethel M. Wilmot, 
 
 Wee Folk, 5s. 
 
 See also Illust Text Books. 
 
 BYNNER. See Low's Stan- 
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6 
 
 A Select List of Books 
 
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 CARNEGIE, Andrew, Ameri- 
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 CHERUBINI. See Great 
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 CHESTERFIELD. See Ba- 
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In all Departments of Literature. J 
 
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 COX, David. See Great Artists. 
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 See also Low's Standard 
 
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 CROKER, Mrs. B. M. See 
 
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 CRUIKSHANK1 G. See 
 
 Great Artists. 
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 See also Low's Standard 
 
 Novels. 
 
 CUNDALL, F. See Great 
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 CURTIN, J., Myths of the Mus- 
 
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 CURTIS, C. B., Velazquez and 
 
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 DAUDET, A., My Brother 
 
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 DAVIES, C, Modern Whist, 
 
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 DAVIS, C. T., Bricks, Tiles, 
 
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 52s. 6d. 
 
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 DAWIDOWSKY, Glue, Gela- 
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 2 vols. 12s. ; new edit. 6s. 
 
 DELLA ROBBI A See Great 
 Artists. 
 
 Denmark and Iceland. See 
 
 Foreign Countries. 
 DENNETT, R. E., Seven Yean 
 
 among the Fjort, 7s. 6d. 
 DERRY (Bishop of). See 
 
 Preachers. 
 DE WINT. See Great Artists 
 DIGGLE, J. W., Bishop Era- 
 
 ser's Lancashire Life, new edit. 
 
 12s. 6d. ; popular ed. 3s. 6d. 
 Sermons for Daily Life, 5s 
 
8 
 
 A Select List of Books 
 
 DOBSON, Austin, Hogarth, 
 
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 See also Great Artists. 
 
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 the Silver Skates, new edit. 5s., 
 3s. 6d.. 2s. 6d. ; text only, Is. 
 
 DONKIN, J. G., Trooper and 
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 DONNELLY, Ignatius, Atlan- 
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 edit. 12s. 6d. 
 
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 Doctor Huguet, 3s. 6d. 
 
 Great Cryptogram, Bacon's 
 
 Cipber in Shakespeare, 2 vols. 
 30s. 
 
 Ragnaroh : the Age of 
 
 • Fire and Gravel, 12s. 6d. 
 
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 DOS PASSOS, J. R., Law of 
 
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 35s. 
 
 DOUDNEY, Sarah, Godiva 
 
 Durleigh, 3 vols. 31s. 6d. 
 DOUGALL, J. D., Shooting 
 
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 new edit. 7s. 6d. 
 DOUGHTY, H. M., Friesland 
 
 Meres and the Netherlands, new 
 
 edit, illust. 10s. fid. 
 DOVETON, F. B., Poems and 
 
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 3s. 6d. 
 
 DU CHAILLU, Paul. See 
 
 Low's Standard Books. 
 DUNCKLEY ("Verax.") See 
 Prime Ministers. 
 
 DLTNDERDALE, George, 
 
 Prairie and Bush, 6s. 
 Dtirer. See Great Artists. 
 DYKES, J. Oswald. See 
 
 Preachers. 
 
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 EDEN, C. H. See Foreign 
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 EDMONDS, C, Poetry of the 
 
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 and 21s. 
 
 Educational Catalogue. See 
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 EDWARDS, American Steam 
 
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 ■ Modern Locomotive En- 
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 Steam Engineer's Guide, 
 
 12s. 6d. 
 
 H. Sutherland. See 
 
 Great Musicians. 
 
 M. B., Dream of Millions, 
 
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 See Low's Standard Novels. 
 
 EGGLESTON, G. Cart, Jug- 
 
 gernaut, 6s. 
 Egypt. See Foreign Countries. 
 Elizabethan Songs. See Choice 
 
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 Naturalistic Photography, 
 
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 English Catalogue, 1863-71, 
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In all Departments of Literature, 
 
 9 
 
 English Catalogue, Index vol. 
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 — — Etchings, vol. v. 45a. j vi., 
 
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 English Philosophers, edited by 
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 Hamilton, by Monck. 
 
 Hartley and James Mill, by Bower. 
 
 Shaftesbury & Hutcheson ; Fowler. 
 
 Adam Smith, by J. A. Farrer. 
 
 ERCKM ANN -CHATRIAN. 
 
 See Low's Standard Books. 
 
 ERICHSON, Life, by W. C. 
 
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 ESMARCH, F., Handbook of 
 
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 Essays on English Writers. 
 
 See Gentle Life Series. 
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 6s. 
 
 S. & F., Upper Ten, a 
 
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 W. E., Songs of the Birds, 
 
 n. ed. 6s. 
 EVELYN, J., An Inca Queen, 
 
 5s. 
 
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 phin, 7s. 6d. 
 EVES, C. W., West Indies, 
 
 n. ed. 7s. 6d. 
 FAIRBAIRN, A. M. See 
 
 Preachers. 
 Familiar Words. See Gentle 
 
 Life Series. 
 FARLNI, G. A., Kalahari 
 
 Desert, 21s. 
 FARRAR, C. S., History of 
 
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 Maurice, Minnesota, 6*. 
 
 FAURIEL, Last Days of the 
 
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 FAY, T., Three Germanya. 2 
 vols. 35s. 
 
 FEILDEN, H. St. J., Some 
 
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 Mrs., My African Home, 
 
 7s. 6d. 
 
 FENN, G. Manvjlle. See 
 
 Low's Standard Books. 
 FENNELL, J. G., Book of the 
 
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 FFORDE, B., Subaltern, Police. 
 
 man, and the Little Girl. Is. 
 Trotter, a Poona Mystery, 
 
 Is. 
 
 FIELD, Matjnsell B., Memo- 
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 FIELDS, James T., Memoirs. 
 12s. 6d. 
 
 Yesterdays with Authors, 
 
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 Figure Painters of Holland. 
 
 See Great Artists. 
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 FITCH, Lucy. See Nursing 
 
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 FITZGERALD. See Foreign 
 
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 Percy, Book Fancier, 5s. 
 
 and 12s. 6d 
 FITZPATRICK, T., Autumn 
 
 Cruise in the Mgean, 10s. 6d 
 Transatlantic Holiday. 
 
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 Foreign Countries and British 
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 Egypt, by S. L. Poole. 
 
 France, by Miss Boberts. 
 
 Germany, by L. Sergeant. 
 
 Greeoe, by S. Baring Gould. 
 
IO 
 
 A Select List of Books 
 
 Foreign Countries, &c. — cont. 
 
 Japan, by Mossman. 
 
 Peru, by E. Markham. 
 
 Russia, by Morfill. 
 
 Spain, by Webster. 
 
 Sweden and Norway, by Woods. 
 
 West Indies, by C. H. Eden. 
 
 FOKEMAN", J., Philippine 
 
 Islands, 21s. 
 
 FOTHERINGHAM, L. M., 
 
 Nyassaland, 7s. 6d. 
 FOWLEE, Japan, China, and 
 
 India, 10s. 6d. 
 FRA ANGELICO. See Great 
 
 Artists. 
 
 FRA BARTOLOMMEO, AL- 
 BERTINBLLI, and ANDREA 
 DEL SARTO. See Great Artists. 
 
 FRANC, Maud Jeanne, Beat- 
 rice Melton, 4s. 
 
 ' Emily's Choice, n. ed. 5s. 
 
 — — Golden Gifts, 4s. 
 
 — — Hall's Vineyard, 4s. j 
 
 ■ Into the Light, 4s. 
 
 ■ John's Wife, 4s. 
 
 ■ Little Mercy ; for better, 
 for worse, 4s. 
 
 ■ Marian, a Tale, n. ed. 5s. 
 — — Master of Ralston, 4s. 
 Minnie's Mission, a Tem- 
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 No longer a Child, 4s. 
 
 — — Silken Cords and Iron 
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 — — Two Sides to Every Ques- 
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 — — Vermont Vale, 5s. 
 
 A plainer edition is published at 
 
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 France. See Foreign Countries. 
 FRANCIS, F., War, Waves, 
 
 and Wanderings, 2 vols. 24s. 
 See also Low's Standard 
 
 Series. 
 
 Frank's Eanche ; or, My Holi- 
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 FRANKEL, Julius, Starch 
 
 Glucose, fyc, 18*. 
 
 FRASER, Bishop, Lancashire 
 Life, n. ed. 12s. 6d.; popular ed. 
 3s. 6d. 
 
 FREEMAN, J., Melbourne Life, 
 
 lights and shadows, 6s. 
 
 FRENCH, ¥.,Home Fairies and 
 
 Heart Flowers, illust. 24s. 
 French and English BirtMay 
 
 Booh, by Kate D. Clark, 7s. 6d. 
 French Revolution, Letters from 
 
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 Fresh Woods and Pastures New, 
 
 by the Author of "An Angler's 
 
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 FRIEZE, Dupre, Florentine 
 
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 FRISWELL, J. H. See Gentle 
 
 Life Series. 
 Froissart for Boys, by Lanier, 
 
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 FROUDE, J. A. See Prime 
 
 Ministers. 
 Gainsborough and Constable. 
 
 See Great Artists. 
 GASPARIN, Sunny Fields and 
 
 Shady Woods, 6s. 
 GEFFCKEN, British Empire, 
 
 7s. 6d. 
 
 Generation of Judges, n.e. 7s.6d. 
 
 Gentle Life Series, edited by J. 
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 Gentle Life. 
 
 About in tbe World. 
 
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 Familiar Words, 6s. ; also 3s. 6d. 
 
 Montaigne's Essays. 
 
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 Gentle Life, second series* 
 
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 A Man's Thoughts. 
 
In all Departments of Literature. 
 
 1 1 
 
 George Eliot, by G. W. Cooke, 
 10s. 6d. 
 
 Germany. See Foreign Coun- 
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 GESSI, Romolo Pasha, Seven 
 Tears in the Soudan, 18s. 
 
 GHIBERTI& DONATE LLO. 
 
 See Great Artists. 
 
 GILES, E., Australia Twice 
 Traversed, 1872-76, 2 vols. 30s. 
 
 GILL, J. See Low's Readers. 
 
 GILLESPIE, W. M., Survey- 
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 Giotto, by Harry Quilter, illust. 
 15s. 
 
 See also Great Artists. 
 
 GIRDLE STONE, C, Private 
 Devotions, 2s. 
 
 GLADSTONE. See Prime 
 
 Ministers. 
 GLENELG, P., Devil and the 
 
 Doctor, Is. 
 GLOVER, R., Light of the 
 
 World, n. ed., 2s. 6d. 
 
 GLTJCK. See Great Musicians. 
 Goethe's Faustus, in orig. rhyme, 
 
 by Huth, 5s. 
 Prosa, by C. A. Bucbheim 
 
 (Low's German Series), 3s. 6d. 
 GOLDSMITH, 0., She Stoops 
 
 to Conquer, by Austin Dobson, 
 
 illust. by E. A. Abbey, 84s. 
 
 See also Choice Editions. 
 
 GOOCH, Fanny C, Mexicans, 
 
 16s. 
 
 GOODALL, Life and Land- 
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 and 210». 
 
 ■ &EMERSON, Pictures of 
 
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 GOODMAN, E. J., The Pest 
 Tour in Norway, 6s. 
 
 N. & A., Fen Skating, 5s. 
 
 GOOD YEAR, W. H., Grammar 
 of the Lotus, Ornament and Sun 
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 GORDON, J. E. H., Physical 
 Treatise on JElectricity and Mag- 
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 Electric Lighting, 18s. 
 
 School Electricity, 5s. 
 
 Mrs. J. E. H., Decorative 
 
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 GOWER, Lord Ronald, Sand- 
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 and Holland, 5s. 
 
 Northbrook Gallery, 63s. 
 
 and 105s. 
 
 Portraits at Castle Howard. 
 
 2 vols. 126s. 
 
 See also Great Artists. 
 
 GRAESSI, Italian Dictionary, 
 3s. 6d. ; roan, 5i.~ 
 
 GRAY, T. See Choice Eds. 
 
 Great Artists, Biographies, 
 illustrated, emblematical bind- 
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 the price is given. 
 
 Barbizon School, 2 vols. 
 
 Claude le Lorrain. 
 
 Correggio, 2s. 6d. 
 
 Cox and De Wint. 
 
 George Cruikshank. 
 
 Delia Kobbia and Cellini, 2s. 6i. 
 
 Albrecht Diirer. 
 
 Figure Paintings of Holland. 
 
 Fra Angelico, Masaccio, &c. 
 
 Fra Bartolommeo, &c. 
 
 Gainsborough and Constable. 
 
 Ghiberti and Donatello, 2s. 6d. 
 
 Giotto, by H. Quilter, 15s. 
 
 Hogarth, by A. Dobson. 
 
 Hans Holbein. 
 
 Landscape Painters of Holland. 
 Land seer. 
 
 Leonardo da Vinci. 
 
 Little Masters of Germany, hj 
 
 Scott ; ed. de luxe, 10s. 6d. 
 Mantegna and Francia. 
 Meissonier, 2s. 6d. 
 Michelangelo. 
 Mulready. 
 
 Muiillo, by Minor, 2s. 6d. 
 
 Overbeck. 
 Raphael. 
 
12 
 
 A Select List of Books 
 
 Great Artists — continued. 
 
 Rembrandt. 
 
 Reynolds. 
 
 Romney and Lawrence, 2a. 6d. 
 
 Rubens, by Kett. 
 
 Tintoretto, by Osier. 
 
 Titian, by Heath. 
 
 Turner, by Monkhouse. 
 
 Vandyck and Hals. 
 
 Velasquez. 
 
 Vernet & Delaroche. 
 
 Watteau, by Mollett, 2a. 6d. 
 
 Wilkie, by Mollett. 
 
 Great Musicians, edited by 
 F. Hueffer. A series of bio- 
 graphies, 3s. each : — 
 
 Bach, by Poole. 
 
 Beethoven. 
 
 •Berlioz. 
 
 Cherubini. 
 
 English Church Composer!, 
 
 •Gliiok. 
 
 Handel. 
 
 Haydn. 
 
 •Marcello. 
 
 Mendelssohn. 
 
 Mozart. 
 
 *Palestrina and the Roman School. 
 Purcell. 
 
 Bossini and Modern Italian Sohool. 
 
 Schubert. 
 
 Schumann. 
 
 Richard Wagner. 
 
 Weber. 
 
 * Are not yet published. 
 Greece. See Foreign Countries. 
 GRIEB, .German Dictionary, n. 
 
 ed. 2 vols. 21s. 
 GRIMM, H., Literature, 8s. 6d. 
 GROHMANN, Camps in the 
 
 Rockies, 12s. 6d. 
 
 GROVES, J. Percy. See 
 
 Low's Standard Books. 
 GUIZOT, History of England, 
 
 illust. 3 vols, re-issue at 10s. 6d. 
 
 per vol. 
 
 History of France, illust. 
 
 ro-issue, 8 vols. 10s. 6cJ. each. 
 
 • Abridged by G. Masson, 5s. 
 
 GUYON, Madame, Life, 6s. 
 
 HADLEY, J., Roman Law, 
 7s. 6d. 
 
 Half-length Portraits. Sea 
 
 Gentle Life Series. 
 HALFORD, F. M., Dry Fly- 
 
 fishing, n. ed. 25s. 
 
 Floating Flies, 15s. & 30s. 
 
 HALL, How to Live Long, 2s. 
 HALSEY, F. A., Slide Valve 
 
 Gears, 8s. 6d. 
 HAMILTON. See English 
 
 Philosophers. 
 E. Fly-fishing, 6s. and 
 
 10s. 6d. 
 
 Riverside Naturalist, lis. 
 
 HAMILTON'S Mexican Hand- 
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 HANDEL. See Great Musi- 
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 HANDS, T;, Numerical Exer- 
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 Handy Guide to Dry-fly Fishing , 
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 Handy Guide Book to Japanese 
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 HARDY, A. S., Passe-rose, 6s. 
 
 Thos. See Low's Stand- 
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 HARKUT, F., Conspirator, 6s. 
 
 HARLAND, Marion, Home 
 
 Kitchen, 5s. 
 Harper's Young People, vols. 
 
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 HARRIES, A. See Nursing 
 
 Record Series. 
 HARRIS, W. B., Land of the 
 
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 31s. 6d. 
 
 HARRISON, Mary, Modern 
 
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 Skilful Cook, n. ed. 5s. 
 
 Mrs. B. Old-fashioned 
 
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 W., London Houses, Illust, 
 
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In all Departments of Literature. 
 
 *3 
 
 HAETLEY and MILL. See 
 
 English Philosophers. 
 HATTON, Joseph, Journalistic 
 
 London, 12s. 6cZ. 
 See also Low's Standard 
 
 Novels. 
 
 HAWEIS, H.E., Broad Church, 
 6s. 
 
 Poets in the Pulpit, '10s.6d. 
 
 new edit. 6s. ; also 3s. 6d. 
 
 Mrs., Housekeeping, 2s. 6d. 
 
 Beautiful Houses, is., new 
 
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 HAYDN. See Great Musicians. 
 HAZLITT, W., Bound Table, 
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 HEAD, Percy E. See Illus. 
 
 Text Books and Great Artists. 
 HEAED, A.E., Bussian Church, 
 
 16s. 
 
 HEABN, L., Youma, 5s. 
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In all Departments of Literature. 19 
 
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20 
 
 A Select List of Books 
 
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In all Departments of Literature. 21 
 
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 C. H., Peru. See Foreign 
 
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 MARSH, G-. P., Lectures on 
 
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 ■ Origin and Ilistory of the 
 
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 MARSHALL, W. Gk, Through 
 
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 MARSTON, E., How Stanley 
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 See also Amateur Angler, 
 
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 W., Eminent Actors, n. ed. 
 
 6s. 
 
 MARTIN, J. W., Float Fish- 
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 Massage. See Nursing Record 
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 MATTHEWS, J. W., Incwadi 
 
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 MAURY, M. F., Life, 12s. 6d. 
 Physical Geography and 
 
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 MEISSNER, A. L., CJiildren's 
 
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 ■ First German Reader 
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 ■ Second German Reader 
 (Low's Series), Is. 6d. 
 
 MEISSONIER. See Great 
 JLrtiats. 
 
 MELBOURNE, Lord. See 
 
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 MELIO, G. L., Swedish Drill, 
 Is. 6d. 
 
 MENDELSSOHN Family, 
 1729-1847, Letters and Journals, 
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 — See also Great Musicians. 
 
 MERRIFIELD, J., Nautical 
 
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 MERRYLEES, J., Carlsbad, 
 
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 MESNEY,W., TungJcing,Ss. 6d. 
 Metal Workers' Recipes and 
 
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 MEUNIER, V. See Low'a 
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 MILL, James. See English 
 
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 — — Elementary Chemistry, 
 
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 MILTON'S Allegro. See 
 
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 MITCHELL, D.G.(Ik. Marvel) 
 
 English Lands, Letters and Kings, 
 
 2 vols. 6s. eaoh. 
 Writings, new edit, per 
 
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 MITFORD, J., Letters, 3s. 6d. 
 — — Miss, Our Village, illust. 
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 MOLLETT, J. W., Dictionary 
 
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 — — Etched Examples, 31s. 6d. 
 
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 See also Great Artists. 
 
22 
 
 A Select List of Books 
 
 MONCK. See English Philo- 
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 MONEY, E., The Truth About 
 
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 MONKHOUSE. See G. Artists. 
 Montaigne's Essays, revised by 
 
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 See Gentle Life Series. 
 
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 •Literature in the Reign of Victoria, 
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 18s. 
 
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 MOTTI, Pietbo, Elementary 
 
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In all Departments of Literature, 23 
 
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 History of Lace, n. ed. 21s. 
 
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24 
 
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 PINTO, How I Crossed Africa, 
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 Playtime Library. See Hum- 
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 7s. 6d. 
 
 POCOCK, E., Qravesend His- 
 torian, 5s. 
 
 POE, by E. C. Stedman, 3s. 6d. 
 
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 Poems of the Inner Life, 5«. 
 
 Poetry of Nature. See Choice 
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 Poetry of the Anti-Jacobin,! s. 6d. 
 and 21s. 
 
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 Legends, 5s. 
 — — S. Lane, Egypt, 3s. 6d. 
 
 Foreign Countries. 
 POPE, Select Poetical Works, 
 
 (Bernhard Tauchnitz Collection), 
 
 2s. 
 
 PORCHER, A., Juvenile 
 
 French Plays, Is. 
 Portraits of Racehorses, 4 vols. 
 
 126s. 
 
 POSSELT, Structure of Fibres, 
 63s. 
 
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 POYNTER. See Illustrated 
 
 Text Books. 
 Preachers of the Age, 3s. 6d. ea. 
 Living Theology, by His Grace the 
 
 Archbishop of Canterbury. 
 The Conquering Christ, by Rev. A. 
 
 Maclaren. 
 Verbum Cruets, by the Bishop of 
 
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 Ethioal Christianity, by H. P. 
 Hughes. 
 
 Sermons, by Canon W. J. Knox- 
 Little. 
 
 Light and Peace, by H. R. Reynolda. 
 Faith and Duty, by A. M. Fairbairn. 
 Plain Words on Great ThemeB, by 
 
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 Sermons, by the Bishop of Ripon. 
 
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 7. Earl of Aberdeen, by Sir Arthur 
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 8. Marquis of Salisbury, by H. D. 
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 *„,* An edition, limited to 250 copies, 
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 PRITT, T. N., Country Trout 
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 RAPHAEL. See Great Artists. 
 REDEORD, Sculpture. See 
 
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In all Departments of Literature. 
 
 25 
 
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 Remarkable Bindings in British 
 
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 RICHARDSON, Choice of 
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 RICHTER, J. P., Italian Art, 
 
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 See also Great Artists. 
 
 RIDDELL. See Low's Stand- 
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 RIDEAL, Women of the Time, 
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 RIFFAULT, Colours for 
 
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 RIIS, How the Other Half 
 
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 ROBERTS, Miss, France. See 
 
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 earlier history, 7s. 6cZ. 
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 ROBINSON, " Romeo " Coates, 
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 Series. 
 
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 5s. 
 
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 ROCHEFOUCAULD. See 
 
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 ROCKSTRO, History of Music, 
 
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 RODRIGUES, Panama Canal, 
 
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 ROE, E. P. See Low's Stand- 
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 ROGERS, S. See Choic* 
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 ROLFE, Pompeii, Is. 6d. 
 
 Romantic Stories of the Legal 
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 ROMNEY. See Great Artists. 
 
 ROOSEVELT, Blanche R. 
 
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 ROSE, J., Mechanical Drawing, 
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 Little Men, 2s. } cloth gilt, 
 
 3s. 6d. 
 
26 
 
 A Select List of Books 
 
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 Alcott (L. M.) Old-fashioned Girls, 
 
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 • Silver Pitchers. 
 
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 Stowe (Mrs.) Pearl of Orr's Island. 
 
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 ROSSINI, &c, See Great 
 
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 Rothschilds, by J. Reeves, Is. 6d. 
 
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 RUBENS. See Great Artists. 
 
 RUGGLES, H. J., Shakespeare's 
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 RUSSELL, G.W.K., Gladstone. 
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 — — Sailor's Language, illus. 
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 84s. 
 
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 SALNTSBURY, G., Earl of 
 
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 SAUNDERS, J., Jaspar Deane, 
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In all Departments of Literature, 
 
 27 
 
 SCHAACK, M. J., Anarchy, 
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 SCHUBERT. See Great Musi- 
 
 SCHUMANN. See Great 
 
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 SCHWELNFURTH. See Low's 
 
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 Scientific Education of Dogs, 6s. 
 SCOTT, Leader, Renaissance 
 
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 — — See also Illust. Text-books. 
 — — Sir Gilbert, Autobio- 
 
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 W. B. See Great Artists. 
 
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 SERGEANT, L. See Foreign 
 
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 SHAFTESBURY. See English 
 
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 SHIELDS, G. O., Big Game 
 
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 Cruisings in the Cascades, 
 
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 SHOCK. W. H., Steam Boilers, 
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 SIDNEY. See Gentle Life 
 Series. 
 
 Silent Hour. See Gentle Life 
 Series. 
 
 SIMKIN, Our Armies, plates in 
 
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 at Is.), 6s. 
 SIMSON, Ecuador and the 
 
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 SKOTTOWE, Hanoverian 
 
 Kings, new edit. 3-?. Qd. 
 SLOANE, T. 0., Home Expert- 
 
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 SMITH, HAMILTON, and 
 
 LEGB.OS' French Dictionary, 2 
 
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 SMITH, Edward, Cobbett, 2 
 
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 G., Assyria, 18s. 
 
 Chaldean Account of 
 
 Genesis, new edit, by Sayce, 18s. 
 Gerard. See Hlustrated 
 
 Text Books. 
 T. Roger. See Illustrated 
 
 Text Books. 
 Socrates. See Bayard Series. 
 SOMERSET, Our Village Life, 
 
 5s. 
 
 Spain. See Foreign Countries. 
 SPAYTH, Draught Player, 
 
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 SPIERS, French Dictionary, 
 
 2 vols. 18s., half bound, 2 vols., 
 
 21s. 
 
 SPRY. See Low's Stand. Library. 
 
28 
 
 A Select List of Books 
 
 SPTJRGEON, C. H. See 
 
 Preachers. 
 STANLEY, H. M., Congo, 2 
 
 vols. 42s. and 21s. 
 In Darkest Africa, 2 vols., 
 
 42s. 
 
 i Emin's Rescue, Is. 
 
 See also Low's Standard 
 
 Library and Low's Standard 
 
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 START, Exercises in Mensura- 
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 STEPHENS, F. G., Celebrated 
 
 Flemish and French Pictures, 
 
 with notes, 28s. 
 
 See also Great Artists. 
 
 STEENE. See Bayard Series. 
 8TERRY, J. Ashbt, Cucumber 
 
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 STEUAET, J. A., Letters to 
 
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 STEVENS, J. W., Practical 
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 ■ T., Around the World on 
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 part II. 16s. 
 
 STEWART, Dttgald, Outlines 
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 STOCKTON, F. R, Casting 
 Away of Mrs. Leeks, Is. 
 
 The Dusantes, a sequel, Is. 
 
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 2s. 6d. 
 
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 Story of Viteau, illust. 5s. 
 
 new edit. 3s. 6d. 
 
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 — See also Low's Standard 
 
 STOREE, F. H., Agriculture, 
 
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 STOWE, Edwin. See Great 
 
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 Minister' 8 Wooing, It. 
 
 Pearl of Orr's Island, 
 
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 See also Low's Standard 
 
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 STRACHAN, J., New Guinea, 
 
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 STEANAHAN, French Paint- 
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 STRICKLAND, F., Engadine, 
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 STUTFIELD, El Maghreb, 
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 SUMNER, C, Memoir, new 
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 Sweden and Norway. See 
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 Sylvanus Redivivus, 10s. 6d. 
 
 SZCZEPANSKI, Technical 
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 TAINE, H. A., Origines, 
 I. Ancient Eegime, French Revo- 
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 vol. I. 16s. 
 
 TAYLOR, H., English Consti- 
 tution, 18s. 
 
 — — R. L., Analysis Tables, 1*. 
 
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