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THE 
 
 HISTORY AND ANTIQUITIES 
 
 OF 
 
 THE METROPOLITICAL CHURCH 
 
 OF 
 
 lELUSTRATED BY 
 
 A SERIES OF ENGRAVINGS, 
 
 OF 
 
 VIEWS, ELEVATIONS, PLANS AND DETAILS 
 
 OF THE 
 
 ^ttf^iUcinve of tl^at : 
 
 WITH 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANECDOTES OF THE ARCHBISHOPS. 
 
 JOHN BRITTON, F.S.A. 
 
 2ontion: 
 
 PUBLISHED BY LONGMAN, HURST, REES, ORME, AND BROWN, PATERNOSTER ROW ; 
 THE AUTHOR, 10 , TAVISTOCK PLACE; AND J. TAYLOR, 59 , HIGH HOLBORN. 
 
 1819 . 
 
C. W'biltiiighaii), College House, Chiswick. 
 
TO 
 
 THE RIGHT WORSHIPFUL 
 
 GEORGE MARKHAM, D.D. 
 
 DEAN OF THE CATHEDRAL AND METROPOLITICAL CHURCH 
 
 OF 
 
 ST. PETER, OF YORK, 
 
 AND TO 
 
 THE CANONS AND RESIDENTIARIES 
 
 OF THE SAME CHURCH; 
 
 WHO HAVE MANIFESTED MUCH LAUDABLE CARE IN PRESERVING THE STABILITY, 
 AND RESTORING THE INJURED PARTS OF THEIR CATHEDRAL; 
 
 AND WHO ARE THEREBY ENTITLED TO THE THANKS OF ALL LOVERS OF 
 
 ANCIENT ARCHITECTURE, 
 
 THIS VOLUME IS RESPECTFULLY INSCRIBED, 
 
 BY THEIR OBEDIENT SERVANT, 
 
 December 1, 1818. 
 
 JOHN BRITTON. 
 
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PREFACE. 
 
 Sir William Chambers, in liis “ Treatise on Civil Architecture,” very 
 properly and judiciously reniaj ks, “ to those usually called Gothic Archi¬ 
 tects, vve are indebted for the first considerable improvements in con¬ 
 struction : there is a lightness in their works, an art and boldness of 
 execution to which the antients never arrived, and which the moderns 
 comprehend and imitate with difficulty. England contains many magni¬ 
 ficent examples of this species of arclntectiire, equally admirable for the 
 art with which they are built, the taste and ingenuity with which they are 
 composed. One cannot refrain from wishing that the Gothic Structures 
 were more considered, were better tinderstood, and in higher estimation than 
 they hitherto seem to have been. Would our Dilettanti, instead of import¬ 
 ing the gleanings of Greece; or our Antiquaries, instead of publishing loose, 
 incoherent prints, encourage persons duly qualified to undertake a correct, 
 elegant publication of our cathedreds, and other buildings called Gothic, 
 before they totally fall to ruin, it would be of real service to the arts of 
 design ; preserve the remembi ance of an extraordinary Style of Building, 
 now sinking fast into oblivion; and at the same time publish to the world 
 the riches of Britain in the splendour of her antient Structures.” 
 
 These reflections are at once honourable to the head and heart of the 
 profound architect of Somerset House: and it cannot but excite regret, 
 that they have hitherto failed to produce any ostensible effect in the 
 country. Such a work has not been produced, nor is it likely to be 
 undertaken by a Society, or undei- national or royal patronage. Our 
 Dilettanti Society seems to consider the “ Gothic” edifices of their own 
 country unworthy of study, or illustration ; whilst they are expending 
 thousands of pounds in ])ublishing representations of the sculptural and 
 architectural fragments of antient Greece. This may be laudable, and 
 may amuse and interest a few" persons. The Society of Antiquaries of 
 London, have evinced a more decided English feeling, and have made an 
 attempt to cany into efi'ect the suggestions of Sir William Chambers. 
 They have published plans, elevations and sections of three cathedrals, 
 but not in that “ correct and elegant” manner recommended by the 
 architect, and desired by artists. It is rather a curious fact, that some 
 of the best engravers employed in the present work were engaged, when 
 apprentices, in executing some of the plates for that publication: now 
 they are matured in experience, and distinguished for their skill and taste. 
 We are therefore enabled at the present time to render a small plate more 
 
 a 
 
VI 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 accurate and satisfactory than many of the former engravers could do in 
 one of double its size. Hence we only recjuire private or public patronage 
 to produce embellished works that shall be an honour to all tlie artists 
 employed, to the country in which they are produced, and be equally bene¬ 
 ficial to the amateur, architect, and man of general science. 
 
 An humble individual, without fortune, and without any other patronage 
 than every sincere literary character is entitled to expect, has ventured to 
 undertake such a work, in the arduous, expensive, and delicate task of 
 illustrating the architecture, and developing the history of our national 
 cathedrals. He has already completed those of Salisbury, Norwich, 
 Winchester, and York, and has made active and expensive preparations 
 for those of Lichfield, Oxford, Peterborough, Canterbury, &c. Though he 
 is not commonly disposed to complain, or to be querulous, he cannot help 
 noticing a marked dift'erence between the private patronage bestowed on 
 this work and some others which have heretofore been devoted to the same 
 subject. Bentham, for his “ History of Ely Cathedral,” and Millers, in 
 a small, but well written “ Description” of the same church, were exempted 
 from the heavy charge of engravings, and consequent risk of publication, 
 by having the plates presented to their respective works. They were also 
 relieved from the unjust and impolitic tax of giving eleven copies of their 
 books to certain rich public libraries, and from which an author has a right 
 to expect assistance rather than oppression. Yet, having those difficulties 
 to contend with,—at a vast expense hitherto unknown, and inexperienced 
 in literature,—without that encouragement from the dignitaries of the 
 respective cathedrals, which might be reasonably exjiected;—without the 
 patronage of anyone society, public body, or any noble Mecaenas of litera¬ 
 ture, the author has now produced four volumes; and from an increased 
 and growing zeal towards the subject, he hopes that life and health will 
 enable, and the public encourage him, to prosecute the work till he has 
 illustrated the remaining cathedrals. To the pu!)lic, generally, he is in¬ 
 debted and grateful, for they have purchased eight lumdred copies at least 
 of his work; but many persons must be surprised that even this sale has 
 not covered the expenses of its execution by above twelve hundred pounds. 
 He is induced to make this declaration to show, that he is not likely to 
 derive a fortune from the work; and as he cannot afl’ord to sacrifice all his 
 property and labour in prosecuting it, he hoi>es that the public libraries 
 will be generous and just enough to forego llieir claims; and that those 
 gentlemen who really approve or admire the “ Cathedral Antiquities,” will 
 recommend it to a more extensive sale. 
 
 To the Worthy Dean of York, the Dean of Ripon, the Rev. Arch¬ 
 deacon Evre, the Rev. F. Wrangham, the Rev. C. Wellbeloved, 
 Richard Drake, Esq., and William Mills, Esq., the author presents 
 his thankful acknowledgments for many favours. 
 
ana 
 
 OF 
 
 THE CATHEDRAL CHURCH OF YORK. 
 
 ®aap, B. 
 
 ORIGIN AND EARLY HISTORY OF YORK, OR EBORACUM:—FIRST ESTABLISH¬ 
 MENT OF CHRISTIANITY, AND OF A CHURCH, IN THAT CITY:—INFLUENCE 
 AND PROGRESS OF PAULINUS, THE FIRST NORTHERN PRELATE:—ORIGIN 
 AND ESTABLISHMENT OF THE ARCHBISHOPRICK:—ACCOUNT OF THE SAME 
 UNDER THE SAXON PRELATES. 
 
 To ELUCIDATE the history of the Cathedral of York, we must necessarily 
 inquire into the origin and progress of Christianity in the northern parts of 
 Britain; but to do this effectively and comprehensively, would involve us 
 in a disquisition too diffuse for the object and intention of the present 
 work. Our more immediate purpose is the Cathedral, or Minster; the 
 history of which is so blended and combined with other collateral and 
 coincident subjects, of a provincial and ecclesiastical nature, that we must 
 occasionally advert to them. 
 
 From a very remote period, York has occupied a distinguished place 
 among the cities of Britain. Soon after the Roman conquest of the island 
 it was chosen as a seat of imperial government and residence. Among 
 other causes that occasioned this selection, was its eligibility of situation, 
 
8 
 
 YORK CATHEDRAL. 
 
 on a navigable river; which was accessible, by ships, from the only British 
 sea frequented by the Romans. Sufficiently removed from the eastern 
 coast to command a ready communication with the western, York was 
 peculiarly adapted to become the principal station of the Roman armies, 
 who were employed to reduce, or repel, or guard against the incursions of 
 the untractable inhabitants of the northern part of the island. 
 
 In treating of the early history of Britain, it has generally been customary 
 to employ the language of exultation, and even of triumph, in speaking of 
 the final return of Julius Caesar to the continent. This is no novelty : the 
 same was done by his rivals in Rome; men who envied, while they 
 dreaded his talents and successes. To Roman invaders and conquerors 
 Britain must acknowledge herself indebted for the introduction of many 
 of the useful and elegant arts of life: but it is a singular and lamentable 
 fact, that other nations who subsequently associated and incorporated 
 themselves with the romanized Britons, became degenerated in manners 
 and customs, and contaminated those who, we may suppose, were initiated 
 in the laws, polity, and arts of the Romans. 
 
 That Britain was blessed with the light of the Christian religion soon 
 after its subjection to the Roman empire, may be readily believed: 
 evidences of the fact, however, are apparently less numerous and less cogent 
 than some historians seem disposed to admit. But having already taken 
 particular notice of this interesting event in “ the history, &c. of the 
 Cathedral of Winchester,” the author must forbear to dilate on it here, and 
 proceed to state what more immediately appertains to that of York. 
 
 It generally happens to towns, as it does to persons, to have attained a 
 considerable degree of importance before their names are mentioned in 
 historic record. Their origin, progress, and aggrandizement are unnoticed, 
 until, by that very aggrandisement, they fill a distinguished station in the 
 community to which they severally belong. Of the truth of this assertion 
 topographical history in general bears abundant testimony. In the annals 
 of the world no city, no state, and no people, has occupied or engrossed 
 indeed, public attention equally with Rome in the various periods of its 
 existence. But the origin of that famed city is confessedly obscure, nay. 
 
ORIGIN AND EARLY HISTORY OF YORK. 
 
 y 
 
 unknown; for until the commencement of the war against the Phoenician 
 colonists of Carthage, no semblance of authentic Roman history can be 
 traced, even in the writings of Livy himself. 
 
 That York was a place of fixed habitation, or a town, such as the early 
 Britons possessed, two thousand years ago, when the Romans penetrated 
 so far into the island, is not to be doubted. It is not, however, certainly 
 mentioned by its romanized name, Eboracum, until nearly the end of the 
 third century; although so early as A. D. 80 the Roman army had advanced, 
 with however but questionable success, much farther towards the northern 
 extremity of the island. The site of York was within the limits of the 
 Brigantes, who possessed a widely extended region, which stretched from 
 sea to sea across the middle of Britain. Petilius Cerealis, the Roman com¬ 
 mander, who in the reign of Vespasian, about the year 7J, arrived in Britain, 
 is stated by Tacitus\ in his life of his father-in-law Agricola, to have invaded 
 the Brigantes, and after many sanguinary conflicts to have subdued them. 
 Their principal town, of course, was immediately occupied and garrisoned 
 by the Romans. Placed in the angle of confluence of two rivers, by which 
 it was secured from hostile incursion, one side only of the iiiclosure 
 demanded an artificial fortification. It is also to be remembered that 
 the Romans seldom, if ever, chose for their places of residence, or of govern¬ 
 ment, situations not previously occupied by the people of the country^. 
 
 ' The expression civitas Brigantum, employed by Tacitus, has been, by some writers, con¬ 
 ceived to indicate Eboracum as the capital of that tribe. This, however, is an error; for the 
 Roman writers, from Cjesar to Tacitus, used the term civitas to signify a state, or a community 
 of cives, or citizens. Nor was it until a much later period that the word was used to denote a 
 city or town. 
 
 Notice of Eboracum occurs in the Itineraries ascribed to the Emperor Antoninus. But the 
 date of his very important document is quite uncertain. Antoninus Pius began to reign in 139; 
 and this lieutenant in Britain, Lollius Urbicus, pushed his conquest of the northern parts of the 
 island much beyond the limits of any preceding general. Caracalla, the son ofSeverus, was also 
 named Antoninus; but he arrived at empire in 210. The Itineraries, as they now appear, are 
 evidently the result of progressive surveys. The continental parts may have been formed on the 
 geographic operations instituted by the command of Julius Ciesar : but that much later improve¬ 
 ments and additions were made to them is evident from the mention of Constantinople, which was 
 founded in the beginning of the fourth century of the Christian era. 
 
10 
 
 YORK CATHEDRAL. 
 
 Under the Romans, York became progressively of high importance. To 
 resist the assaults of the Caledonians of the north, notwithstanding their 
 repeated overthrow by Agricola, that commander, in the year 81, con¬ 
 structed a chain of forts across the narrow isthmus in the middle of their 
 country, between the rivers Forth and Clyde. About forty years afterwards 
 the Emperor Hadrian personally visited Britain, and finding the northern 
 Britons continually breaking in upon the Roman provinces, and committing 
 wanton destruction, he caused a new vallum to be raised and strongly 
 fortified, across the country from the mouth of the river Tyne, on the east, 
 to the Solway Firth on the west^ This was repeatedly assailed and 
 was also frequently broken through by the Caledonians. To repel these 
 daring and unconquerable tribes, the Roman general, Lollius Urbicus, 
 governor of Britain about A. D. 138, commanded another and stronger 
 mound to be raised across the country from the Firth of Forth, on the east, to 
 the Firth of Clyde, on the west, by which he separated, and seized a large 
 tract of Caledonian territory. This new boundary being formed in the reign 
 of Antoninus Pius, has been ever since distinguished by his name. The last 
 defence being equally unavailing as the former, and the Romans driven 
 within the wall of Hadrian, the Emperor Severus himself, with his sons 
 Caracalla and Geta, entered Britain in 207, and at the conclusion of a 
 disastrous expedition against the northern Britons, returned to Eboracum. 
 There lie fixed his residence, whilst his army was engaged in constructing 
 a wall of stone, as an additional and stronger mode of defence. This was 
 nearly parallel with Hadrian’s vallum. During these operations Severus 
 died, and was interred at Eboracum in the year 214. Soon after his 
 death, the island was agitated by various commotions; particularly by the 
 assumption of an empire independent of Rome, in the person of Carausius, 
 who, though at first opposed by the continental monarchs, was at length 
 formally recognized by the joint emperors Maximinian and Dioclesian. 
 He was however assassinated in this city A. D. 293, by Constantins 
 
 ^ See “ tlie Itinerary of Richard of Cirencester,” with Notes by Mr. Hatcher, in which, and on 
 the above passage, it is rationally remarked, that this was only a rampart of earth connecting the 
 dilferent stations, or fortified posts, on its course. 
 
FIRST ESTABLISHMENT OF CHRISTIANITY. 1 1 
 
 ChloiTis, who about that time entered Britain with a hostile army to oppose 
 Alectus. After an expedition into the northern parts of the island, he 
 also fixed his abode in this city, where he died in 306, and was succeeded 
 by his son, Constantine, who was first saluted emperor in Eboracum, and 
 was afterwards called the Great. Thus this place was a second time dis¬ 
 tinguished by the death of a Roman emperor, and by the inauguration of 
 another who was son and successor to the last. 
 
 Though the sanction of many historical records induces us to believe 
 that the Christian religion had made some progress in Britain very soon 
 after the Roman invasion, yet we have no satisfactory proof that it had 
 acquired any degree, not only of national, but of local stability, till the 
 reign of the Emperor Constantine. This prince, on succeeding his father, 
 professed himself a convert to the Christian faith, and continued to evince 
 the warmest zeal for the propagation of the newly promulgated tenets, from 
 a persuasion that they were better calculated than any other for the ultimate 
 happiness of mankind. As early as the year 314 he convened a general 
 council of the church at Arles, in Gaul, on the subject of the Donatist 
 heresy^; and among the bishops assembled on that occasion were three 
 from Britain. Their names and their order of precedency were, Eborius 
 episcopus de civitate, Ehoracensi, Provincia Erit.:—Pestitutus episcopus 
 de civitate T^ovdinensi, Provincia snperscripta.—Adelfius episcopus de civit. 
 col. Londinensium. Here the bishops of York and London are clearly 
 designated, but the residence or see of the third prelate cannot be so easily 
 inferred; nor does it come within the scope of this work to examine the 
 disputed opinions of antiquaries on the subject. 
 
 To the piety of Edwin, the Saxon king of Northumbria, must be referred 
 the origin of the See of York, and of that august structure, the history of 
 which it is the Author's immediate object to elucidate. This monarch, in 
 the early part of the seventh century, married Ethelburga, sister of Ebald, 
 
 ^ This heresy took its name from Donatus, an African bishop, who, in the beginning of the 
 fourth century, fomented strong dissensions in the church, in consequence of what lie conceived 
 to be an undue appointment to a vacant bishoprick. For a circumstantial account of this subject, 
 see Mosheim’s Eccles. Hist. 8vo. edit. 1774, vol. i. 327, Arc. 
 
YORK CATHEDRAL. 
 
 1 2 
 
 the sovereign of Kent, and daughter of Ethelbert, the first prince of that 
 district who embraced Christianity. In what way the conversion of Edwin 
 was effected, wdio had previously adhered to the idolatrous worship of his 
 ancestors, cannot now be ascertained, unless we lend our credence to the 
 legend which ascribes it to a miracle produced for the occasion; but 
 though this has the sanction of Bede, and other writers, it would not obtain 
 ready belief in the minds of the philosophical readers of the nineteenth 
 century. It appears evident, however, that Ethelburga, his cjueen, was 
 principally instrumental to it; her attachment to the Christian religion 
 being most sincere and devoted. She was accompanied to Northumber¬ 
 land, from her father’s court, by a foreign ecclesiastic, named Paulinus ; 
 who, according to the historical record, baptized the king in the city of 
 York; on Easter-day, April 12, 627, the whole court, with a multitude of 
 the common people standing during the ceremony^. From this epoch may 
 be dated the first regular establishment of a Christian church in York ; the 
 king having caused a little wooden structure to be erected preparatory to 
 his baptism, around which a more regular church was raised, but which 
 was not finished till the reign of his successor, Oswald. The small wooden 
 chapel, or oratory, was constructed, according to Bede, in great haste, 
 “ citato opere^” and it was at the desire of Paulinus that the larger build¬ 
 ing was commenced. The example of the king’s conversion, we may fairly 
 presume, produced a powerful effect upon his subjects. The people of 
 Northumbria, and of some adjacent parts, evinced the greatest anxiety to 
 be baptized, while, abjuring paganism, they were daily admitted to partici¬ 
 pate in the rites of the Christian dispensation. This favourable disposition 
 in the Northumbrians gave to their Apostle, Paulinus, the fullest assurance 
 of ultimate success, while, at the same time, it necessarily demanded his 
 unremitting attention; and we find him, while accompanying the king and 
 queen to the royal villa Adjcfrin, or Yeverm, stopping in one place thirty- 
 six days^, to baptize and instruct the crowds of votaries who flocked 
 to him for that purpose. These were baptized in a river, which, accord- 
 
 ^ Refle, Histor. Eccles. Sinitli’s edit, folio, lib. ii. chap. xiv. p. 95. 
 
 "-7 Ibid, ibid. 
 
PAULINUS—PALL. 
 
 13 
 
 ing to Smith, is the Bowent, and vast numbers had the ceremony per¬ 
 formed in the Swale, near which river the prelate was often accustomed to 
 sojourn with the king. 
 
 Paulinus being now appointed by the king to the see of York, received 
 the PalP from Honorius, the successor of Boniface, which was accom¬ 
 panied by a letter to Edwin, commending that monarch for his services 
 in the cause of Christianity, and exhorting him to further labours®. It 
 appears from this letter that another pall’® was sent at the same time to 
 Honorius, the successor of Justus, Archbishop of Canterbury, and the fifth 
 prelate of Kent from Augustine. The passage in the pontiff’s letter, which 
 refers to the two palls, may serve to elucidate the question of precedency 
 between the sees of York and Canterbury. “ And we (says the Pope) 
 have ordered two palls, one for each of the metropolitans, that is, for 
 Honorius and Paulinus, that in the event of either of them being called 
 from this life to the Author of his being, the other may, in virtue of this 
 our authority, appoint a bishop in his place”.” Honorius concludes by 
 observing, that he was induced to grant this permission, from his regard for 
 the king, and in consequence of the long distance between the papal see 
 and the parties, which must necessarily occasion much delay in transmit¬ 
 ting communications. 
 
 It thus appears that Paulinus was the first prelate, according to any 
 authentic account, who assumed the archiepiscopal title in York, for little 
 credit is to be given to those writers, who state that a jjerson named 
 
 ® The Pall is so named from the Latin pallium, a cloak or mantle, originally a Greek upper 
 garment, as the toga was a Roman. The ecclesiastical pallium was at first a full and magnificent 
 vestment, intended to remind the bishop of the necessity of conforming his conduct to the dignity 
 of his appearance. The chief part of the ornament and symbol of authority, however, was a long 
 narrow piece of white woollen cloth, suspended over the shoulders before and behind, impressed 
 with a red cross. This pall being duly consecrated, and applied to the tomb of St. Peter in 
 Rome, is transmitted to each metropolitan, who, on its reception, is authorized to assemble a 
 council, consecrate a bishop, or a church, ordain a priest, &c. 
 
 ^ Bede, Histor. Eccles. Smith’s edit, folio, lib. ii. chap. xvii. p. D8. 
 
 Ibid, ibid. " Ibid, lib. ii. chap. xvii. p. 98. 
 
14 
 
 YORK CATHEDRAL. 
 
 Sampson, by some called Sanxo, enjoyed that dignity in the time of 
 Lucius Doctor Heylin, however, includes that name in his list of the 
 Archbishops of York, but Godwin questions the veracity of the remote 
 historians on this subject. He observes, “ The first archbishop that ever 
 York had, our histories say was named Sampson, appointed by King 
 Lucius; the verity whereof I cannot but suspect in regard of the name; 
 for I find not that the names of the old Hebrews or Christian saints were 
 yet in use 
 
 For six successive years the labours of Paulinus appear to have been 
 crowned with uninterrupted success, when an event occurred which at once 
 darkened his fair prospects, and subjected those numerous converts who 
 were the objects of his pious solicitude, to the deadly vengeance of relentless 
 persecution ‘k Edwin, under whose protection the venerable archbishop 
 had propagated the doctrine of Christ with so much effect, having incurred 
 the enmity of sovereigns who were incapable of appreciating his excellent 
 qualities, had his territories invaded by Cadwallo, the monarch of Wales, 
 in conjunction with Penda, King of the Mercians This league was 
 attended with consequences as fatal to Edwin as they were disastrous to 
 the Christian cause. The king fell in a desperate battle which was fought 
 near York^® in October, A. D. 633, and his death was followed by an 
 indiscriminate slaughter of his subjects, the ferocious invaders sparing 
 neither age nor sex. Penda, being a Pagan, massacred the Christians 
 without remorse, and Cadwallo, who the historian informs us, was 
 “ Pagano sevior,” more cruel than a Pagan, though a nominal Christian, 
 was yet more atrocious and sanguinary than his ally, from the hatred he 
 indulged against the name and religion of the Angles. The head of King 
 Edwin having been cut off, was carried to the church of York, which was 
 Ihen building, and there deposited in the aile or porch of Pope Gregory. 
 
 For some observations on King Lucius, as his history has been obscured and distorted by 
 legendary fables, the reader is referred to the “History of tlie Cathedral of Winchester,” p. 13. 
 
 Bede, lib. ii. chap. xiv. p. 95. 
 Ibid. 
 
 Godwin’s Cat. p. 555. 
 Ibid. chap. XX. p. 101. 
 
PAULINus; 627, &c. 
 
 IT) 
 
 But though Christianity in this part of the Heptarchy was thus to 
 receive a dreadful shock for a time, yet the work of conversion, which had 
 been previously effected, was founded on too solid a basis to yield to the 
 assaults of Pagan hostility. How long the church of York continued 
 without a pastor, after Paulinus was obliged to fly with the queen into 
 Kent, to the court of King Ebald, her brotlier, does not clearly appear; 
 but, according to the most authentic historians, it was at least twenty 
 years, while some say thirty It must be observed here, how'ever, that 
 Paulinus, previously to the persecution which drove him from his see, 
 carried the light of the Gospel into some districts south of the Humber, 
 and Bede asserts, that he built in Lincoln a church of exquisite work¬ 
 manship, in which he afterwards consecrated Honorius to the Bishoprick 
 of Canterbury, then vacant by the death of Justus^®. This ordination, it 
 appears, was in conformity with the previous regulation of Pope Gregory, 
 and which we have seen specifically noticed by his successor, Honorius, 
 in transmitting the Palls 
 
 Osric and Eanfrid, the successors of Edwin, forsaking the Christian 
 faithand returning to their former idolatries, the persecution continued 
 against the Christians with unabating violence till the reign of Oswald, 
 the brother of Eanfrid a most pious monarch, who delivered his 
 country from the ravages of the Britons, after having completely defeated 
 their immense army in a battle, in which their cruel sovereign paid with his 
 life the penalty of his enormities. All that could be done to re-establish 
 Christianity was effected by Oswald; but such was the distracted state of 
 the country, in consequence of the previous desolating hostility, that we 
 may naturally piesume it required no inconsiderable time before its 
 
 Godwin’s Cat. p. 559. 
 
 It may be supposed, from the passage in Bede, that Canterbury was not yet raised to an 
 archbishopric; lie says, “ Honorium pro eo consecravit episcopum,” if tlie fact had not been 
 previously ascertained by the letter of Pope Gregory to Augustine. Bede, lib. ii. chap. xvi. 
 p. 97. Indeed much ambiguily is occasioned by that want of accuracy in the use of epithets, 
 vvliich is frequently met with in the older writers. 
 
 ■5 Ibid. ibid. chap, xviii. p. 99. ” Bede, lib. iii. chap. i. p. 103. Ibid. chap, xxiii. p. 127. 
 
16 
 
 YORK CATHEDRAL. 
 
 institutions could be again restored. Accordingly we find that Northum¬ 
 bria, in the absence of an immediate successor to Paulinus, was occa¬ 
 sionally visited by Cedd~", then Bishop of the Eastern Saxons, who 
 exhorted and preached to the people. This Cedd had three brothers, 
 Cynibill % Caelin, and Ceadda, who, as well as himself were all in holy 
 orders, and celebrated for their piety. The latter was ultimately 
 appointed to fill the vacancy in the See of York, being sent by King 
 Alchfrid to Deusdedit, Archbishop of Canterbury, for ordination, who 
 having died before he arrived, the ceremony was performed by the Bishop 
 of the West Saxons with two assistant bishops of the British nation. 
 The appointment of Ceadda to this dignity, who had previously been 
 Abbot of Lestingham-^, was not however at first contemplated. It was 
 assigned by the king to a priest named Wilfrid, whom he sent to France 
 to be ordained; but this ecclesiastic tiring the patience of his sove¬ 
 reign by too long a delay, Ceadda was put into the archiepiscopal chair in 
 his absence. That the latter was worthy of the honour thus conferred 
 upon him, may be inferred from the humility with which he resigned it, 
 when superseded by Wilfrid, under the direction of Theodore, Archbishop 
 of Canterbury, who considered that Ceadda was not regularly and duly 
 called to the See^b “ If you have known me,” says the excellent prelate, 
 “not to have duly assumed the episcopal office, I willingly retire from that 
 office, as never having deemed myself worthy of it, but being called upon 
 to assume it; in obedience, I reluctantly consented"®.” But the arch¬ 
 bishop admiring his humility, declared that he ought not to be dis¬ 
 missed from the episcopal throne, and ordained him a second time, 
 
 Bede, lib. iii. chap. xxii. p. 127. ” Ibid. p. 128. 
 
 Drake, contrary to the authority of Bede, says, Egfrid. Vid. Bede, lib. iii. chap, xxviii. 
 p. 137. Ibid. Arc. 
 
 The church at this place, supposed to have been built by St. Cedd, now remains, and is 
 a singular and curious specimen of ancient ecclesiastical architecture. A plan, view, and 
 account of it, will be given in “The Architectural Antiquities Vol. V. 
 
 Bede, ibid. lib. iv. chap. ii. p. 143. Ibid. ibid. 
 
CEADDA AND WILFRID: 669 TO 709. 
 
 17 
 
 agreeably to the discipline of the Catholic church. Ceadda after having 
 filled the archiepiscopal chair with examplary piety for about three years, 
 now retired to his monastery, whence he was soon afterwards called by the 
 same Theodore, who made him Bishop of Lichfield, A. D. 669 Here 
 he died, March 2, 672 after a life devoted with nnremitted perseverance 
 to the sacred duties which he had to discharge. 
 
 Wilfrid who was now invested with the archiepiscopal dignity, was 
 descended from an obscure family in the north but his father having 
 contrived to render certain services to some persons at court, whom he 
 happened to meet accidentally, his son was by them presented to the 
 Queen, Eanfled, who finding him a youth of great natural talents, sent him 
 for his education to a man named Oudda^^, who from being counsellor to 
 the king was become a monk of Lindisfaru or Holy-Island. Evincing 
 as he grew up, an inclination for the church, he was sent to Rome at the 
 age of twenty, by the queen, his patroness, and Ercombert, king of Kent, 
 in order to become intimately acquainted with the merits of a controversy 
 about the celebration of Easter, in which at that period all the polemical 
 disputants were engaged. 
 
 Omitting those events which are not necessaiy to our immediate pur¬ 
 pose, we shall now observe that Wilfrid some time after his succession to 
 the See of York, was obliged to Avithdraw from the archiepiscopal chair 
 and retire into Sussex, through the jealousy of Theodore, who fearing lest 
 the influence of the northern archbishop might eclipse his own dignity, 
 
 Bede, ibid. lib. iv. chap. ii. p. 143. Ibid. p. 146. 
 
 The reader will find, in Gale’s Scripfores, a full account of this prelate by Eddius Stephanus, 
 who wrote his life as early as the year 720. 
 
 Godwin, p. 559. 
 
 Godwin calls this man Ceddn, and doubts w'hether he may not have been the prelate of that 
 name whom Wilfrid ultimately superseded. He says, “Therefore shee sent him to one Cedda, 
 that of a Councellor and Ciiamberlaine to the King, had become a monk of Lindisfarn; 
 whether it might not bee the man before-mentioned I discerne not.” Godwin, Cat. p. 560. 
 
 ^ Godwin, p. 155. 
 
18 
 
 YORK CATHEDRAL. 
 
 induced King Egfride to favour his scheme of creating two or three 
 bishopricks under Wilfrid, which might act as a control on the extent of 
 his jurisdiction. To this the latter strenuously objected; but though he 
 went to Rome, and obtained the Pope’s consent that no innovation should 
 be made in his see, yet so determined was the king to carry the measure 
 which the rival prelate proposed, that Wilfrid had no other alternative than 
 submission or banishment. He chose the latter, and after an absence from his 
 see of ten years, was recalled by King Aldfrid to resume again his archie- 
 piscopal functions, but being so unfortunate as to incur the displeasure of 
 this monarch also, he was once more obliged to repair to Rome, to clear 
 himself upon oath of some imputed offence. Returning to England with 
 the Pope’s letters in his behalf, he was again reinstated, and died at 
 Undalum, now called Oundle, in Northamptonshire, A.D. 709^^. 
 
 The diocess of York having been divided by Theodore into four 
 parts immediately after the first departure of Wilfrid from his see, four 
 prelates were appointed in consequence, Eata, 'Tumhert, Trmmvyn, 
 and Eosa. The latter was invested with the circumscribed jurisdiction 
 of York, but was, however, obliged to give place to Wilfrid upon his 
 return from Rome; yet the second exile of this persecuted prelate put 
 him again in possession of the see, where he died, much esteemed for his 
 meekness and piety. On the death of Bosa, who was the first archbishop 
 that was buried in York, John was nominated his successor, and Wilfrid, 
 when once more recalled to his archiepiscopal charge, was unwilling to 
 displace him from a chair which he himself had now no desire to fill, 
 while he devoted the remainder of his days to the government of Hexham 
 
 ’’ Bede, lib. v. chap. xix. p. 204. 
 
 A modern writer, of no commoii excellence, (the Rev. John Lingard), attributes this 
 measure not to the jealousy of the primate, but to the impossibility of one prelate being 
 sufficient for so vast an extent of country, as that which came within his jurisdiction. “No 
 powers,” he says, “of any individual were adequate to dioces so extensive; and Theodore, from 
 the moment of his arrival in England, had formed the design of breaking them into smaller 
 and more proportionate districts.” Antiq. of the Anglo-Saxon Church, p. 54. 
 
 Godwin’s Cat. p. 5(53. 
 
DISPUTES BETWEEN YORK AND CANTERBURY. 
 
 19 
 
 Monastery, though ostensibly reinstated in his former dignity. John, com¬ 
 monly called St. John of Beverly^ being thus left, in the undisturbed 
 possession of York, was, on the decease of Wilfrid duly recognised as his 
 successor, and having enjoyed the Archiepiscopal dignity for above thirty- 
 three years, then resigned it, wdth the consent of his clergy: but provided 
 for his chaplain, Wilfrid, the appointment to the vacant chair. During the 
 five years that Wilfrid II. governed the See of York, commenced that 
 memorable dispute about priority or precedence in ecclesiastical jurisdic¬ 
 tion, which for ages afterwards was so warmly contested between this 
 See and Canterbury^®. Egbert, his successor, has the merit of having 
 re-established the Archiepiscopal dignity of York, by procuring the restora¬ 
 tion of the Pall, which had been withheld from it since the days of 
 Paulin us. The intermediate prelates were simply styled bishops, and did 
 not, according to the account in Warton’s collection, assume a higher title. 
 It there appears that “ Caeteri episcopi inter Paulinum et Egbertum nihil 
 altius quam simplicis episcopi vocabulo anhelarunt.” 
 
 A detailed history of this See from the time of Egbert to that of 
 Thomas, the twenty-fifth archbishop, who succeeded to it soon after the 
 Conquest, would present only a narrative of unimportant changes, blended 
 with improbable events which, it would neither be useful nor instructive to 
 record. It must, however, be observed, that this is said with regard only 
 to that part of its history which may be strictly termed ecclesiastical, for 
 the changes which the edifice itself experienced during that time will be 
 noticed in a subsequent place. 
 
 The controversy between the two Metropolitan Sees, which had been 
 kept up for ages before with occasional modifications of asperity, was at 
 length to be decided in the reign of the Conqueror, though the successors 
 to the See of York continued to urge their unavailing pretensions, for a 
 considerable time afterwards. The king having appointed an ecclesiastic, 
 named Thomas, who was of the same country with himself, to the vacant 
 See of York, the latter refused to profess obedience to Lanfranc, Arch- 
 
 Warton, Ang. Sac. Part I. p. G6. 
 
 C 
 
20 
 
 YORK CATHEDRAL. 
 
 bishop of Canterbury. This necessarily revived the contest which had 
 been comparatively suspended for a long time; and both prelates having 
 proceeded to Rome, to urge their respective claims before the Pope, he 
 referred them back to the English king, who in a council which he called 
 at Windsor, A. D. 1072, pronounced by Hugh, the Pope’s Legate, his 
 decree in favour of Canterbury^®. That See founded its claim to pre¬ 
 cedency on three propositions, or facts: against which the Northern See 
 contended with more of sophistry than argument. It stated, that Gregory 
 the Great, created the two archbishoprics, with powers perfectly inde¬ 
 pendent of each other; and that their respective prelates took alternate 
 precedency according to the seniority of their consecrations, till Lanfranc, 
 ambitious to domineer over the clergy, as his master did over the laity of 
 England, assumed an undue right over the See of York. Referring to 
 the question of antiquity, York sought an argument in the story of king 
 Lucius, to which we shall not a second time advert But in conclusion 
 that See insisted, that comparing the extent of their respective jurisdic¬ 
 tions, she, though presiding over the more limited space in England, had 
 the larger in Britain; as embracing the entire kingdom of Scotland. Be¬ 
 sides that, if the bishoprics of Worcester, Lichfield, and Lincoln, of 
 which she had been unjustly deprived, were again restored, she might vie 
 with Canterbury even with respect to English territory^". It is not how¬ 
 ever of much consequence, or interest, to trace the history of these 
 ecclesiastical contentions; which after all only serve to show the folly 
 and weakness of man, when he suffers pride to domineer over reason. 
 Pope Gregory in a letter to Augustine, Archbishop of Canterbury, says, 
 “ Let your jurisdiction not only extend over the bishops you shall have 
 ordained, or such as have been ordained by the Bishop of York, but also 
 over all the priests of Britain, by the authority of our Lord Jesus Christ'^'.” 
 Anotlier passage from the same writer :—■ 
 
 ^9 11. de Diceto, col. 484. Bromton, 970. Gervas, 1653. Kiiyghton, col. 2345, 2348. 
 
 Drake’s “ Eboracum," book ii. ch. i. p. 414. 
 
 •>' William of Malmesbury, as translated by Sharpe, p. 363. 
 
DISPUTES BETWEEN YORK AND CANTERBURY. 
 
 21 
 
 “ Boniface to Justus, Archbishop of Canterbury. Far be it from every 
 Christian, that any thing concerning the city of Canterbury be diminished 
 or changed, in present or future times, which was appointed by our pre¬ 
 decessor Pope Gregory, however human circumstances may be changed : 
 but more especially by the authority of St. Peter, the Prince of Apostles, 
 we command and ordain, that the city of Canterbury shall ever hereafter he 
 esteemed the Metropolitan See of all Mritabi; and w e decree and appoint 
 immutably that all the provinces of the kingdom of England shall be 
 subject to the Metropolitan Church of the aforesaid See. And if any one 
 attempt to injure this church, which is more especially under the power 
 and protection of the holy Roman Church, or to lessen the jurisdiction 
 conceded to it, may God expunge him from the book of life, and let him 
 know that he is bound by the sentence of a curse.” 
 
 For a series of years after the decision of king William in favour of Can¬ 
 terbury, the Prelates appointed to York continued refractory in their obe¬ 
 dience to the rival See. Gerard, the successor of Thomas, being actuated 
 by this spirit, remained a long time w ithout consecration, and submitted 
 at length only at the express command of the Roman Pontiff’. The See 
 of York was much indebted to the liberal benefactions of this prelate. 
 He procured from the king, besides other grants, the impropriation of the 
 church of Laughtonwhich being given to the chapter, was annexed to 
 the chancellorship. Having also obtained the churches of Driffield, Kil- 
 1am, Pocklington, Pickering and Burgh, he added them in like manner to 
 the Metropolitan See. Thomas II. by whom Gerard was succeeded, 
 having persisted with even more obstinacy than his predecessors in the 
 same resolution not to profess obedience to Canterbury, was however like 
 them necessitated to do so in the end, but not before he w as anathematized 
 by Anselm^’, who died, leaving him under the interdict. Several regula¬ 
 tions were made in the See by this archbishop. He constituted two 
 prebends, placed canons at Hexham, gave various tracts of land to the 
 college of Southwell, and purchased from the king the same immunities 
 for them, which the prebendaries of York, Beverly, and Ripon enjoyed 
 
 Godwin’s Cat. p. 578. 
 
 Ibid. p. 579. 
 
 Ibid. 
 
22 
 
 YORK CATHEDRAL. 
 
 The ecclesiastical events connected with this See from the period here 
 referred to, down to the time of the Reformation, may be found detailed 
 in the voluminous works of various writers; but their particular or relative 
 interest does not appear to demand a recital, or even analysis here. 
 Without adverting to subordinate matter, it must suffice to carry our 
 subject forward to the year 1514, when the famous Thomas Wolsey, w^as 
 installed by proxy in the Metropolitical chair. 
 
 This wily ecclesiastic, who forms so prominent a figure in the annals of 
 England, though called to the See, never officially visited York; and being 
 made in the following year, 1515, Cardinal a latere by Leo he gave 
 
 up his whole time to those ambitious intrigues which ultinjately ended in 
 his humiliation and disgrace. After having for a long time managed with 
 considerable address the capricious temper of his tyrannical master, he 
 was at length banished to his diocess by the machinations of his enemies, 
 and fixed his residence some time at Scroby, and afterwards at Cawood 
 Castle, in Yorkshire^®. Whether he effected any particular changes in 
 the See during the short time he was in the active discharge of his archie- 
 piscopal duties, does not appear from history; but it is certain that his 
 pastoral care in that limitted interval, was marked with the most zealous 
 devotion and earnest solicitude 
 
 The Reformation had made great progress during the time of Edward 
 Lee, the successor of the deceased cardinal; and it was now that the 
 general alienation of church property which took place at this period, 
 deprived the See of York of the manors of Beverly, Southwell, Skidby, 
 and Bishop-Burton, all of which were exchanged with the crown for the 
 dissolved Priory of Marton-cum-membris It does not appear that 
 Archbishop Lee was at all engaged in promoting the business of the 
 Reformation, but in the prelate who after him was advanced to the See, 
 the king found a ready and fit instrument for his purposes. This man, 
 whose name w'^as Robert Holgate, being translated from Landaff to York*^, 
 surrendered to the crown, in one morning, no less than thirteen manors in 
 
 Carte’s Hist, of England, vol. iii. book xv. p. 19. Ibid. p. 101. Ibid. 
 
 Drake, book ii. ch. i. p. 451. Rynicr, Fcedera, tom. vi. pars. iii. p. 122. 
 
BISHOP HOLGATE. 
 
 23 
 
 Northumberland, forty in Yorkshire, six in Nottinghamshire, and eight in 
 Gloucestershire; all belonging to the Metropolitan See^*’. As an indemnity 
 for these unworthy cessions, he received from the monarch thirty-three 
 impropriations and advowsons, which came to the crown by the dissolu¬ 
 tion of some monasteries in the north. These alienations greatly impo¬ 
 verished the See, while at the same time the archbishop, who passively 
 consented to them, amassed considerable wealth for himself, which 
 however, the eventful state of the times did not suffer to remain very 
 long in his possession. 
 
 On the accession of Mary to the throne, Holgate was obliged to vacate 
 his See, which was now conferred upon Nicholas Heath, a man of more 
 consistent and disinterested principlesThe bull of Pope Paul IV. 
 confirming his election, bears date 11 Kal. Julii, anno 1555, and is the 
 last instrument of that kind preserved in the archives of York. On the 
 third of October following the pall was sent him for the plenary admini¬ 
 stration of his office, and on the subsequent twenty-second of January he 
 was solemnly installed in person 
 
 This prelate during the time that he continued in the exercise of his 
 archiepiscopal functions, employed his good offices with the queen to 
 procure the restoration of some of that property which had been wrested 
 from the See by her arbitrary father. He succeeded in recovering several 
 
 Drake, book ii. chap. i. p. 452. 
 
 The following is a copy of the royal licence issued to the dean and chapter for the election 
 of a successor to the ousted prelate; as given in Rymer’s Foedera, tom. vi. pars. iv. p. 35. 
 
 Rex et regina dilectis Nobis in Christo Decano sive in ejus absentia, Vicedecano et capitulo 
 Ecclesiae Cathedralis et Metropoliticae Eboruin, Saluteni. Cum ecclesia nostra catliedralis et 
 Metropolitica praedicta jam sit notorie pastoris solatio deslituta, nos alium vobis eligendi in 
 archiepiscopurn et pastorem licentiam per presentes duximus concedendam. Mandantes quod 
 talem vobis eligatis in archiepiscopurn et pastorem, qui sacrarum literarum cognitione ad id 
 munus aptus, Deo devotus, nobis et regno nostro utilis et fidelis ecclesiaeque nostrae praedictae 
 necessarius existat. 
 
 In cujus rei &c. 
 
 Teste rege et regina apud Westmonasterium xix. die Februarii. 
 
 Per Breve de Private Sigillo. 
 
 Godwin’s Cat. p. 624. Torre, p. 473. 
 
24 
 
 YORK CATHEDRAL. 
 
 manors, among which was the lordship of Ripon; Southwell also was 
 obtained, and Drake justly observes, that “ the See of York owes to 
 queen Mary and this archbishop more than a third part of its present 
 revenues®*.” 
 
 The first prelate of this See that publicly professed the reformed religion, 
 was Thomas Young. He is, however, represented as a character every 
 w ay inferior to his immediate predecessor; and while he resorted to the 
 most sordid expedients to accumulate wealth for himself and his family, 
 he not only neglected the interests of the See but degraded his own 
 character. 
 
 The successors of Young present nothing to the historian worthy of 
 particular detail in their metropolitical character, till we come down to that 
 memorable epoch the commonwealth. In those eventful days, we find 
 John Williams presiding over the diocess of York. Having been engaged 
 both for and against the royalists his character has been praised and 
 censured. An ample memoir of him has been written by his chaplain, 
 Dr. Hacket. 
 
 After the death of Williams, the See of York continued vacant ten 
 years, the hierarchy being annulled by the ruling fanatics. On the 
 restoration however, Accepted Freiven, the son of a puritanical rector 
 of that name, was nominated to the archbishopric, and is supposed to 
 have expended fifteen thousand pounds in certain improvements, which 
 were rendered necessary by the injury the church had sustained during 
 the protectorate. The period of the revolution was not marked with any 
 particular occurrence with regard to this See, and the lives of the suc¬ 
 ceeding prelates are rather distinguished for “ the noiseless tenor of their 
 way” than for any memorable traits of archiepiscopal polity. 
 
 Eboracum, book ii. chap. i. p. 453. 
 
mm 
 
 HISTORICAL NOTICES OF THE FABRIC; ITS FOUNDATION, SUCCESSIVE 
 ADDITIONS, ALTERATIONS, AND PRESENT CONDITION. 
 
 Having briefly noticed the chief historical events connected with the 
 establishment of the see of York, it is our province in the next place 
 to inquire into the original erection and subsequent alterations of its 
 cathedral. It has already been seen that at the baptism of King Edwin, 
 April 12, 627, a small chapel or oratory was constructed of wood for 
 that purpose. By the persuasion of Paulinus the monarch was soon 
 afterwards induced to commence a regular and appropriate church of 
 stone^, which was intended to inclose and protect the former Christian 
 penetrale, as it might perhaps not inaptly be called. But Edwin was 
 not permitted to see the completion of the editice which he had thus 
 piously begun; for scarcely were the walls raised when he was slain in 
 battle at Hatfield chase in Yorkshire, in 633. Eanfrid, the son of 
 Edwin’s predecessor, Edelfrid, then returned from exile, and on suc¬ 
 ceeding to the throne of Bernicia, was necessarily involved in the war 
 against Cadwallo. But his fate was more unfortunate than that of 
 Edwin, for he was basely slain by the British king, to whom he went 
 with only twelve followers to sue for peace. Oswald, the brother of 
 Eanfrid^, having slain Cadwallo and established his own authority, among 
 
 ' Bedze, Hist. Eccl. lib. ii. cli. xiv. 
 
 ’ Oswald is by several writers styled the successor of Edwin. The reason given by Bede 
 for the omission of Eanfrid’s reign, which was about a year, is the apostacy of that monarch 
 from the Christian faith. “ To this day (says lie) that year is looked upon as unhappy and 
 
26 
 
 YORK CATHEDRAL. 
 
 many other pious acts, prosecuted, and it is supposed, completed the 
 church which had been begun by Edwin^ According to Bede this 
 church w'as quadrangular, as there is every reason to suppose all the 
 churches of the Saxons then were^ Oswald, who was subsequently 
 canonized, reigned according to Bede nine years; so that the church 
 must have been completed before 642. But St. Oswald was about that 
 time slain in battle by Penda, the pagan king of the Mercians. The 
 victors ravaged Northumbria, and the Christian edifice probably suffered 
 from their fury. Wilfrid, who was appointed to the See in 669, found 
 the church rapidly hastening to decay. Its dilapidated condition and its 
 restorations by that prelate are minutely described by Eddius, who wrote 
 about the year 720®. He remarks, that the timbers of the roof were 
 
 liateful to all good men; as well on account of the apostacy of the English kings, who had 
 renounced the faith, as of the outrageous tyranny of the British king. Hence it has been agreed 
 by all men, that treat of the time of the reigns of kings, to abolish the memory of those per¬ 
 fidious persons, and to assign that year to the reign of the following king, Oswald, a man 
 beloved by God.” Bedae Hist. Eccl. lib. iii. c. 1. 
 
 ^ Drake states that Oswald undertook to finish the building about 632; but this date is evi¬ 
 dently too early, as Edwin was killed in 633, and Oswald did not commence his actual reign 
 till a year afterwards. Torre, on the other hand, assigns the year 634 as the date of Edwin’s 
 death. 
 
 * Bedae Hist. Eccl. lib. ii. c. 14. The words are per quadrum,” which Bentham cites in 
 proof that the ancient Saxon Churches “ were mostly square, or rather oblong.” Hist, of Ely, 
 p. 29. 
 
 ’ “ Igitur, supra dicto rege regnante, beatae memoriae Wilfrido Episcopo Metropolitano Ebo- 
 racae civitatis constituto, Basilicae Oratorii Dei in ea civitate a sancto Paulino Episcopo in diebus 
 olim Eadwini Christianissimi regis primo fundatae et dedicatae Deo, officia semiruta lapidea emi- 
 nebant. Nam culmina antiquata tecti distillantia, fenestraeque apertae avibus nidificantibus 
 intro et foras volitantibus, et parietes incultae omni spurcitia imbrium et avium horribiles mane- 
 bant. Videns itaque luec omnia sanctiis Pontifex noster, secundum prophetam Danielem, “ hor- 
 ruit spiritus ejus” in eo quod domum Dei et orationis quasi speluucatn latronum factam agnovit, 
 etmoxjuxta voluutatem Dei emendare excogitavit. Primum culmina corrupta tecti renovans 
 artificiose plumbo puro tegens, per fenestras introitum avium et imbrium vitro prohibuit, per 
 quod tamen intro lumen radiebat. Parietes quoque lavans, secundum Prophetam, “ super 
 nivem dealbavit.”—Vita, S. Wilfridi Epis. Ebor. Auctore Eddio Stephano. Gale xv. Scrip- 
 tores, Vol. i. p. 59. 
 
SAXON CHURCHES, BY WILFRID. 
 
 27 
 
 rotten, the walls decayed, the windows destitute of glass, or other 
 material, whereby the interior was exposed to the injuries of the 
 weather; and the birds were the undisturbed inhabitants of the ruined 
 edifice, Wilfrid with zealous activity commenced an effectual repair. 
 He strengthened the walls, renewed the wood-work of the roof, and 
 covered it with lead, glazed the windows®, and white-washed the walls. 
 Nor did this eminent prelate and architect confine his exertions merely to 
 restoring the ancient temples of religion. The churches of Ripon and 
 Hexham were founded and built by him^; and from their magnitude 
 and decoration naturally excited the admiration and praises of contem¬ 
 porary writers. 
 
 We cannot easily account for the conduct of our prelate in his archi¬ 
 tectural works. It appears that he merely repaired and adorned the 
 cathedral church, but his biographer represents him as munificent, 
 and even extravagant in founding and building other sacred edifices. 
 He is said to have laid the foundation of nine churches, or, as Mr. 
 Hughes® says, “ Minsters;” and finished some of these in a costly and 
 
 ® The glass for this purpose must have been imported, since Bede informs us that the art of 
 making glass was introduced into this kingdom by the Abbot Benedict in 675. The windows 
 thus glazed by Wilfrid had been originally furnished only with linen curtains and lattices of wood. 
 William Malmesbury, De Gestis Pontif. lib. iii. 
 
 ’ Eddius mentions the church of Ripon as a lofty edifice, supported by various columns 
 and porticoes (cap. 17). A more particular description of Hexham Minster, is given by Richard, 
 Prior of Hexham, who wrote about the year 1180. He says, St. Wilfrid laid the foun¬ 
 dations deep in the earth, for the crypts and oratories, and the passages leading to them. 
 The walls, which were of great length, were raised to an immense height, and divided 
 into three several stories or tiers, and were adorned with varied hewn square columns. He 
 decorated the walls themselves, and the capitals of the columns, as also the coved ceiling of 
 the sanctuary, with histories, statues, and various figures in relief, cut in stone, with variety of 
 coloured pictures of wonderful beauty. He particularizes some other parts of the building. 
 Ric. Prior Hagustald, lib. i, c. 3. William of Malmesbury also pronounces it, even in his age, 
 to be a building of singular elegance, notwithstanding the injuries it had sustained. He ascribes 
 its excellence to the taste of Wilfrid himself, as well as to the artizans and artificers whom he 
 encouraged by his munificence to come over from Rome to engage in the undertaking. 
 
 * Horae Britannicae, vol. ii. p. 370. 
 
 D 
 
28 
 
 YORK CATHEDRAL. 
 
 novel manner : that of Hexham, in particular, is described by Eddius®, 
 as having its foundation deep, and being provided with subterraneous 
 rooms, or crypts, artfully disposed. It had also large buildings above 
 ground, raised with hewn stone, and supported by various pillars, with 
 porticoes or arches. The height and length of the walls are mentioned 
 as wonderhil, and said to contain winding passages and staircases, ascend¬ 
 ing and descending. 
 
 The cathedral thus restored by Wilfrid was destroyed by fire in the 
 year 741^®, and a few years afterwards Archbishop Egbert commenced the 
 erection of a new church, which was finished under the direction of 
 Albert*', his coadjutor and successor in office. The superintendence of 
 the building %vas entrusted to Eanbald, who afterwards became archbishop, 
 and the celebrated Alcidn'^. Egbert survived the consecration of the 
 building only ten days. This structure is described by Alcuin as of con¬ 
 siderable height, supported by columns and arches, covered by a vaulted 
 roof, and provided with large windows. It had also porticoes and galleries, 
 and thirty altars, the latter of which were adorned with various orna- 
 
 9 Vita S. Wilfridi, c. 22. R. Hoveden. Annal. pars prior, ad ann. 741. 
 
 " This prelate is omitted by William of Malmesbury in “ Gest. Pontif. Angl.” and is merely 
 named by Godwin (De Prsesul). But from Alcuin’s poem we learn, on the very best authority, 
 that he was a most pious and learned man, and the founder of the library, attributed by William 
 of Malmesbury to Egbert. Alcuin, De Pontijic: et Sanctis Eccl. Ebor. Gale xv. Script. 1691, 
 vol. i. p. 727, &c. 
 
 This great luminary of his age requires our notice. He was a native of York, and under 
 the patronage of Egbert and Albert, conducted the famous school at that time established there. 
 In returning from Rome, which he had visited to procure the pallium for Eanbald, he was 
 introduced to Charlemagne. That potentate, desirous of adding literary honours to the fame 
 he had acquired in arms, solicited and obtained the assistance of Alcuin in reviving learning 
 throughout his dominions, became his first pupil, and his example was followed by the chief 
 nobility of France. After contributing in an eminent degree to the restoration of science, 
 beloved and honoured by his royal patron, and by all the noble and enlightened persons of his 
 time, Alcuin died at the abbey of St. Martin, lamented as the pride of his age, and the 
 benefactor of the empire. 
 
NORMAN CATHEDRAL. 
 
 29 
 
 meatsFrom this period we do not find any historical notices respecting 
 the alterations and repairs of the church for nearly three hundred years. 
 Yet it is highly probable that it suffered from the devastations of the 
 Danes, whose predatory bands, during that interval, frequently ravaged 
 the country from the Humber to the Tyne, and were several times in 
 possession of the city of York. But in 1069, those ferocious warriors 
 were invited by the Northumbrians to assist them in throwing off the 
 tyrannical yoke of William the Conqueror. A dreadful struggle ensued. 
 The Norman garrison, besieged in York castle by the allies, burnt down 
 the adjoining houses for their own protection; but the flames, spreading 
 beyond their intended object, destroyed the greater part of the city, and 
 the cathedral fell in the common ruin'^ 
 
 Soon after this misfortune, Thomas, a canon of Bayeux, and chaplain 
 to the king, was elected to the See. By his exertions the ruined cathedral 
 soon rose again more capacious and elegant than before; but its prosperity 
 was of short duration; for in 1137 it was again destroyed by an acci¬ 
 dental fire, which consumed at the same time St. Mary’s Abbey, and 
 thirty-nine parish churchesIt appears that Thurstan, the archbishop, 
 intended to rebuild the church; since we find that soon after the fire an 
 indulgence was granted by Joceline, Bishop of Sarum, reciting, “ that 
 whereas the Metropolitical Church of York was consumed by a new fire, 
 and almost subverted, destroyed, and miserably spoiled of its ornaments 
 and therefore releasing to such as bountifully contributed towards the 
 re-edification of it, forty days of penance enjoined'®. 
 
 “ Haec nimis alta domus solidis siifFulta coluinnis 
 Suppositae quae stant curvatis arcubus, intus 
 Emicat egregiis laquearibus atque fenestris; 
 
 Pulchraque porticibus fulget circumdata multis, 
 
 Plurima diversis retinens solaria tectis 
 Quae triginta tenent variis ornatibus aras.” 
 
 Alcuin de Pontif. ut supra. 
 
 Simon Dunel: Hist. Angl. Scriptores x. col. 178. 
 
 Drake’s Eboracum, book ii. chap. ii. p. 473. 
 
 Ex MSS. Torre, p. 2. 
 
30 
 
 YORK CATHEDRAL. 
 
 But notwithstanding these endeavours to raise the money requisite for 
 rebuilding the cathedral, the work was not commenced till the time of 
 Archbishop Roger (1171), who rebuilt the choir with its vaults”. In 
 1227, Archbishop Walter Grey issued indidgences of forty days relaxation, 
 by the profits of which he was enabled to erect the south transept^®. In 
 the reign of king Henry III. John le Romayne, treasurer of the church, 
 built the north transept, which he completed in 1260. He also erected a 
 handsome tower, or steeple, in the place which the great lantern tower 
 now occupies. His son, John le Romayne, the archbishop, laid the 
 foundation of the nave on the 7th April, 1291. This grand work, with 
 two towers at the west end, were finished in about forty years from the 
 commencement, by the activity and liberality of Archbishop le Romayne, 
 and his successor, William de Melton’^. The latter is said to have 
 expended seven hundred pounds of his own money in this work. But 
 the greater part of the expense was defrayed by the usual expedient of 
 indulgences, aided probably by briefs, for asking alms and benevolences. 
 An indulgence is extant, dated—Kalends of February, 1320, whereby 
 William de Melton grants forty days relaxation to all contributors to the 
 restoration of the late prostrate fabric^”. The materials for building the nave 
 were furnished by Robert de Vavasour, who granted the use of his quarry 
 near Tadcaster, not only for the building, but for the future reparation 
 of the church, and by Robert de Percy, Lord of Bolton, who gave his 
 wood at Bolton to be employed in the timber work of the roof, &c. The 
 memory of these noble benefactors is preserved by statues, both at the 
 western and eastern ends of the cathedral; in the western part the statue 
 
 Stubbs Chron. Pontif. Eccl. Ebor. MSS. Torre. See Appendix. No. I. 
 
 ” This appears from a table in the vestry containing these words: 
 
 an. iDom. MCCXCI. 
 
 SInceptum est ncimrn opus corporis cccl. dEBor. 
 per Sotjannem IKomanum arriiicpm. ejusacni 
 ct infra xl. annos quasi complctum per lUil 
 aiclmum De Cpclton arc^iepiscopum. 
 
 MSS. Torre, p. 3. 
 
BUILDING A CHOIR. 
 
 31 
 
 of Vavasour is represented with a rude block of stone, and that of Percy 
 with a piece of wrought timber^'. 
 
 Archbishop John Thoresby, on succeeding to this See in 1352, deter¬ 
 mined to pull down the old choir, which had been built by Archbishop 
 Roger, and to substitute a structure more suitable to the elegance of the 
 body of the church. For this purpose he issued his brief, dated 1st March, 
 1352, to ask and collect alms for the use and consummation of the fabric. 
 Having raised a considerable sum, the old building was taken down in 
 pursuance of a resolution of the chapter'^'^; and on the 29th July, 1361, 
 the same archbishop laid the first stone of the new choir®^. In the same 
 year he granted an indulgence of forty days to all contributors to the 
 pious work. He was further assisted by Innocent VI. who issued 
 indulgences of two years and two quarters for the same purpose. The 
 Chapter of York also laid an imposition of the twentieth part of all 
 ecclesiastical benefices within their jurisdiction, to promote the works. 
 Urban V. granted an indulgence of one year, in 1366'^^; and Urban VI. 
 granted to the dean and chapter the revenues of the church of Misterton 
 for ten years. Walter Skirlaw', then archdeacon of the East Riding, made 
 a large donation, and Thoresby himself expended of his owm money, above 
 one thousand seven hundred pounds. The materials of his mansion at 
 Shireburn, then in a ruinous state, were also applied in constructing the 
 works of the choir 
 
 By these and similar means the archbishop and his successors were 
 enabled not only to build the present choir, but to take down the old 
 central tower, erected by John le Romayne, and to substitute in its place 
 
 ” The original figures being much defaced were taken down in 1813, and new statues raised 
 in their respective niches. 
 
 ” Appendix. No. II. 
 
 The table in tbe vestry, already mentioned, records this fact thus: 
 
 an. Dom. M. C C C. LX I. 31nceptuin esit notutm 
 
 opus cl^ori eccl. <2Eior. per Jo’^annem ne ^tjurskg 
 
 arc^ieptscopum. • 
 
 Appendix, No. III. 
 
 :S 
 
 Appendix. No. IV. 
 
32 
 
 YORK CATHEDRAL. 
 
 the elegant lantern tower which now adorns and illumines the centre of the 
 edificeThis tower was most probably erected by Walter Skirlaw, chiefly 
 at his own expense; and his arms, on shields, are affixed to the inside of 
 the building. The rest of the structure (except the towers at the west end) 
 was finished between 1405, when Archbishop Bowett (whose arms appear 
 in the sculpture and on the windows) was appointed to the See; and 1426, 
 when the dean and chapter granted out of their revenues a full tenth to 
 the use of the fabric then newly built The present towers at the west 
 end appear to have been raised by John de Birmingham, or Bermingham, 
 about the year 1402 *®. His name, with a figure of a bear, is cut in bold 
 relief on the west face of the southern tower. 
 
 The date of the erection of the magnificent building called the Chapter 
 House, cannot be accurately ascertained from any records now remaining. 
 It is generally ascribed to Archbishop Walter Grey, as a figure in the 
 window over the entrance corresponds with the representation of that 
 prelate on his tomb, and the arms of several of his contemporaries are 
 painted in some of the other windows: but this part of the church, with 
 its vestibule, are evidently posterior to the decease of Grey, as will be 
 shown in the next chapter. 
 
 The building used as a Vestry, was anciently a chapel, founded by Arch¬ 
 bishop Zouch about 1350^^, who intended it for the place of his interment, 
 but died before it was finished. The original building was demolished at 
 the time of the new erection of the choir, and the present one raised in its 
 stead by the executors of Zouch, and endowed as a chantry for prayers 
 for the soul of that prelate. 
 
 At the period of the Reformation, the furious zeal which demolished so 
 many beautiful monuments of antiquity, did not spare York Cathedral; 
 nor did the fanatics of Cromwell’s time omit here their pious practices of 
 destroying the figures, and epitaphs on the tombs, and stealing the brasses. 
 
 ^6 Agreements between the chapter and plumbers for covering parts of the church are still 
 preserved among the cathedral records; extracts from which will be given in the sequel. 
 
 ” Torre, MSS. p. 7. Drake’s Eboracum, p. 485. 
 
 Stubb’s Chron. Pontif. Ebor. in vita Gul. Zouch. 
 
PAVEMENT—WINDOWS—LIBRARY. 
 
 33 
 
 The numerous grave-stones stripped of their ornaments, and otherwise 
 injured, disfigured the church; the old pavement was therefore taken up, 
 and the present one laid down in 1736, according to a plan drawn by 
 Mr. Kent under the direction of Lord Burlington. The stone for this 
 purpose w'as the donation of Sir Edward Gascoigne, of Parlington, from 
 his quarry at Huddlestone, in Yorkshire; and even some of the old 
 marble grave-stones were cut up, and appropriated to this work. The 
 expenses amounting to two thousand five hundred pounds, were defrayed 
 by a subscription among the noblemen and gentlemen of Yorkshire. It 
 is however to be regretted that the noble amateur architect did not adapt 
 the design of his pavement to the style and character of the edifice; 
 instead of disposing it in a sort of Roman pattern. It appears how ever to 
 have been admired at the time, as a plate was engraved of it. 
 
 Many of the windoivs in the church are still adorned with stained glass; 
 and we have reason to infer that the whole were originally thus embel¬ 
 lished. Most of them were most likely glazed at the eras of building the 
 respective porticoes. The time, 1405, and conditions of executing the 
 large eastern windows, are recorded in a document still preserved among 
 the cathedral archives. 
 
 The present library is a building wdiich was formerly a chapel belonging 
 to the episcopal palace. For many years this chapel was in a dilapidated 
 condition, but has been lately repaired under the judicious direction of the 
 dean and chapter, and now exhibits a beautiful and pleasing specimen of 
 the earliest pointed style. The first library of the cathedral was founded 
 by Albert^®, and included the collection of his predecessor, Egbert. In 
 Alcuin’s poem already referred to, the highest encomiums are bestowed 
 on this library. Many of the most celebrated ancient theological and 
 classical works, are there enumerated, some of which are no longer 
 extant They were principally obtained by the indefatigable exertions 
 
 Egrcgias condens uno sub calniine gazas. 
 
 Alcuin. de Poritif. Ebor. iit supra, p. 730. 
 
 Ilia invenies veterum vestigia patrum 
 Quicquid habet pro se Latio Romanus in orbe 
 
34 
 
 YORK CATHEDRAL. 
 
 of Albert; who, as the poet assures us, repeatedly visited the continent in 
 search of valuable manuscripts to add to his collection. But this repo¬ 
 sitory, with its choice contents, was destroyed by the fire occasioned by 
 the Normans in 1069: and the library, afterwards formed by Archbishop 
 Thomas, shared a similar fate in 1137. We meet with no farther account 
 of a library in this cathedral till in the reign of Henry VIII. Leland 
 describes it as almost destitute of good books. At length the widow of 
 Archbishop Matthews, about 1628, bestowed on the church the books of 
 her late husband, amounting to about three thousand volumes. To these 
 many important additions have since been made by purchase, donation, 
 and bequest, particularly the laborious collections of Mr. Torre, and the 
 Rev. Marmaduke FothergilP^. 
 
 Grsecia vel qiiidquid transmisit clara Latinis ; 
 
 Hebraicus vel quod populus bibit imbre superno, 
 
 Africa lucifluo vel quidquid lumine sparsit. 
 
 Quod pater Hieronymus, quod sensit Hilarius, atque 
 Ambrosius praesul, simul Augustinus et ipse 
 Sanctus Atlianasius quod Orosius edit acutus; 
 
 Quidquid Gregorius suninius docet, et Leo papa, 
 
 Basilius quidquid, Fidgentius atque eoruscans 
 Cassiodorus item Chrysostomus atque Johannes. 
 
 Quidquid et Athelmus docuit, quid Beda magister. 
 
 Quae Victorinus scripsere, Boetius, atque 
 Historic! veteres Pompeius, Plinius, ipse 
 Acer Aristoteles, rhetor quoque Tullius ingens. 
 
 Quid quoque Sedulius, vel quid canit ipse Juvencus, 
 
 Alcuinus, Clemens, Prosper, Paulinus, Arator, 
 
 Quid Fortunatus vel quid Lactantius edunt; 
 
 Quae Maro Virgilius, Statius, Lucanus et auctor 
 Artis gramraaticae; vel quid scripsere magistri. 
 
 Quid Probus, atquae Phocas, Donatus Priscianusve 
 Servius, Euticius, Pompeius, Comminianus. 
 
 Invenies alios perplures, lector, ibidem 
 Egregios studiis, arte et sermone magistros, 
 
 Plurima qui claro scripsere volumina sensu ; 
 
 Nomina sed quorum praesenti in carmine scribi. 
 
 Alcuin de Pontif. ut supra, p. 730. 
 
 Drake’s Eboracum, p. 483. 
 
efiajp. 
 
 DESCRIPTION OF THE FORM, ARRANGEMENT, AND CONSTRUCTION OF THE 
 church:—OF ITS EXTERIOR AND INTERIOR BEAUTIES AND DEFECTS:— 
 REMARKS ON ITS STYLES OF ARCHITECTURE, AND ON THE VARIOUS 
 PORTIONS OF THE EDIFICE: WITH REFERENCE TO THE ACCOMPANYING 
 PRINTS. 
 
 Among the ecclesiastical edifices of England, the Minster, or Cathedral 
 of York, which is preeminent in size, has also generally been considered 
 unequalled in architectural beauty. It has obtained the unqualified and 
 indiscriminating praise of some w riters, who have laboured to enhance its 
 grandeur and elegance by depreciating the beauty of other cathedrals. 
 But the historian and critic who hopes to maintain the character of impar¬ 
 tiality, and to secure the approbation of the judicious antiquary, must adopt 
 a different course of procedure. It will be his duty to notice and parti¬ 
 cularize the peculiar and individual features and characteristics of the 
 structure ; and if in doing this he feels it expedient to allude to corres¬ 
 ponding parts in other buildings, his criticism will not be partial, nor 
 will his opinions be the result of prejudice. Well knowing that a great 
 variety of style and design is exhibited in our cathedrals—convinced that 
 each has its distinguishing character—its peculiar beauties and imperfec¬ 
 tions—he will avoid the common error of those local critics who exalt the 
 edifice to which circumstances have attached their investigations, by an 
 unfair and invidious comparison with others. Such comparative estimates 
 have too frequently been instituted between the cathedrals of York and 
 Lincoln, by writers, who have displayed and exaggerated the excellencies, 
 
 E 
 
36 
 
 YORK CATHEDRAL. 
 
 and concealed the defects, of the favourite building; while they have pointed 
 out all the blemishes, and passed over all the beauties of its rival. 
 
 That York Cathedral is a noble, a magnificent, and even a sublime 
 structure, will be readily allowed by the impartial and discriminating 
 antiquary:—that it is peculiarly imposing and impressive as a whole must 
 also be admitted, and that it presents many beautiful features and details 
 few persons will have the temerity to deny. The Cathedral of Lincoln 
 has, how'ever, many local and individual beauties, which command admi¬ 
 ration ; and which, on comparative examination, may appear to excel the 
 corresponding parts of York. It would be bordering on impertinence and 
 folly to pronounce in general terms on the preeminence of either. Each 
 has its own and its exclusive beauty ; each is entitled to the careful study 
 of the architect and antiquary; and each has its peculiar monuments, 
 architectural details, and history. Let us, therefore, avoid illiberal, 
 partial, and petty comparisons : let us examine with a view to admire and 
 understand, and not to depreciate : let us prove ourselves citizens of the 
 world, and not citizens of a small insulated spot. By allowing the mind 
 to wander over extended space, and dwell on numerous objects, its sphere 
 of enjoyment is much increased ; whereas when confined to a small space, 
 it necessarily becomes contracted in its powers of appreciation. 
 
 By the accompanying engraved illustrations, and the following descrip¬ 
 tive particulars, it is hoped that even the stranger to York Cathedral will 
 be enabled to judge of its form, extent, and styles of architecture, and 
 likewise of its beauties and blemishes. As a distant object this edifice 
 assumes a lofty and imposing aspect. Its three towers are seen pre¬ 
 eminent above the city houses, and the parochial churches ; whilst the 
 numerous crocketed pinnacles, at the west end and gables, display at once 
 intricacy, variety, and picturesque beauty. Though this church has not 
 the advantage of a lofty, or scarcely an elevated site, yet it appears very 
 high by comparison with its neighbouring buildings; and is seen like a 
 noble foiest tree amidst a shrubbery from every approach to the city. It 
 is difficult to point out any single spot that commands it to the greatest 
 advantage, yet from the rampart between Micklegate and the water tower. 
 
r 
 
 i5 
 
 / 
 
iSATEIIlIEIS^E, 
 
 tfW.’iiiii tlbi'p M-HienpiBiPit.^ 
 
 ) HKNHY HVoAJJl.b'.V ES','. F.;;.A. AN /lDMIKRK X’ l’ATK(^N Oi'' AN'n>,ilIABTAN Ll TKHATHRP., 
 
DISTANT VIEW AND WALLS. 
 
 37 
 
 it may be regarded as peculiarly magnificent and fine. Hence the three 
 towers, with their pinnacles, open parapets, and bold sculpture, are seen 
 to rise sublimely above the houses. Indeed it may be compared to a 
 mountain starling out of a plain: and thus attracting all the attention and 
 admiration of a spectator. The petty, humble dwellings of men appear to 
 crouch at its feet: whilst its own vastness and beauty impress the observer 
 w'ith awe and sublimity. It aspires heaven-wards, and thus denotes its 
 pristine appropriation. From the station now alluded to (see Plate XII.) 
 is seen a congregated mass of houses, with the guildhall, and two or three 
 towers, to the right of the cathedral; whilst in the middle distance is 
 presented the busy traffic of the navigable Ouse; to the left the eye is 
 pleasingly relieved and soothed by an open lawn, with the picturesque 
 ruins of St. Mary’s Abbey, beyond which is a peep into a distant tract of 
 country. The foreground is both curious and picturesque. On the brow 
 of a high bank, with a steep scarp and counterscarp, is an embattled wall, 
 with a terrace walk of communication on the inside : at irregular intervals 
 are projecting bastions, for the purpose of enfilading the M all b This for¬ 
 tification extended round the whole city, excepting at the places where the 
 river intersected it. On the opposite banks, at these points, there were 
 fortified toMers, from which chains formerly extended across the river. 
 
 The approaches to the Cathedral are all unfavourable. They are from 
 the east, the west, and the south; and on each of these sides, the houses 
 are built so near the church, that the spectator is placed too close, and too 
 
 ’ As the fortified Walls of York constitute not only a peculiar, but a liiglily interesting 
 historical feature to the city, it is truly lamentable to witness the wanton and vulgar dilapidation 
 to which they are daily subjected. Instead of being cautiously protected and j)reserved by 
 those persons whose duty it is to guard and uphold them, and uho are invested with an annual 
 income for that purpose, they are suffered gradually to moulder away. Indeed they are some¬ 
 times battered down for the materials to be appropriated to a hog-stye, or for some other equally 
 trivial purpose. The four ancient fortified gates, or bars, are also fast approaching to ruin. 
 One of these, Monk-Bar, is probably the most curious and perfect specimen of this sort of 
 architecture in the kingdom ; and therefore is very interesting to the antiquary and architect. 
 Let us hope it may be preserved for centuries; for every age will enhance its worth and curiosity. 
 I have had plans, elevations, and sections of it made by Mr. Pugin. 
 
38 
 
 YORK CATHEDRAL. 
 
 much beneath it to examine it to advantage. All the parts appear dis¬ 
 torted and abrupt. The higher members are seen, by the rules of perspec¬ 
 tive, as vanishing or dipping too quick to be pleasing; and the nearer parts 
 seem unpleasingly large. Thus, instead of harmony and symmetry, we 
 have discordancy and disproportion^. Besides, the critical spectator seeks 
 in vain for places to view either the west end, the south side, or the east 
 end. He cannot see the whole of either from any one station: and if he 
 wishes to represent them in drawing, he must sketch the parts from 
 various points, and combine and display them by the rides of art. Thus 
 the views of the western front (PI. X.), the east end (PI. VI.), the south-east 
 sides (PI. VII.) may be considered as imaginary; but as it is our object to 
 display and elucidate the architecture of the building, we deem it our 
 duty to do this in the best possible manner, regardless of modern appen¬ 
 dages or extraneous objects. At the east end of the church, some houses 
 approach it within a few yards; as they do also at the west end, and 
 south-west angle. On the south side is the church of St. Michael le Belfry, 
 and a continued range of houses, with the deanery, &c. all of which preclude 
 any general view of the Cathedral. 
 
 The Cathedral Church of York, though not strictly regular, uniform, 
 and insulated, may be said to be very nearly all of these: for excepting a 
 small building attached to the south-west angle of the south transept, and 
 
 "" It seems almost incomprehensibly strange, that the ostentatious architects and proprietors 
 of our Cathedrals did not secure them against encroachment: and did not thus exhibit them to 
 the best advantage at every approach. To them ground-rents were not so much matters of cal¬ 
 culation, as at the present day ; to them the house of God was paramount to every other terres¬ 
 trial object: and to this they seem to have devoted all their skill, riches, and influence. Yet 
 from the time of their original erection to the present day, we find that nearly all the cathedrals 
 have been progressively invaded by dwelling-houses, shops, warehouses, and, in some instances, 
 even inferior buildings. It is no uncommon thing to see public houses, chimneys, sinks, water- 
 closets, stables, j)ig-styes, Arc. attached to, or cut into the walls of some of our sacred edifices. 
 A better taste, however, is at length excited, and many of these “ nuisances have been abated.” 
 At York, in particular, much improvement has been made, and much more is intended to be 
 done: some buildings have been taken down, and a large open area formed on the north side of 
 the church: but it is hoped that an equal space may yet be laid open on its south and western 
 sides. 
 

 
 
 
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WEST FRONT. 
 
 39 
 
 two vestries on the south side of the choir, it is not united to any building 
 or external object. It may be regarded as very nearly regular and uniform 
 in arrangement and style of architecture: although we recognise a pro¬ 
 gressive, and very gradual change, from the transepts through the eastern 
 end, chapter house, and western parts of the building. The whole edifice 
 may be said to consist, internally, of a nave, with its two ailes; a transept 
 with two ailes, and a lanthorn in the centre; a choir, and eastern portion, 
 or lady chapel, with two ailes, vestries or chapels on the south side; and a 
 chapter room, with a vestibule on the north side. The peculiarities and 
 styles of these parts, as well as of the exterior, will be fully explained in 
 the subsequent description ; in which we shall first point out the distin¬ 
 guishing features of the exterior. 
 
 West Front .—The situation of the magnificent west front (Plate X.^) is 
 very unfavourable to the display of its beauty. It is confined in a narrow 
 area by a wall and by some small houses; the approach from the south-west 
 is by a gate, of which only the front arch, with a postern is left standing, 
 and this so ruinous and dirty as barely to deserve preservation. The 
 direction of the adjacent streets makes it impossible to view this august 
 fa<^ade, except in a diagonal direction. The dean and chapter have, how¬ 
 ever, generously determined to remedy the worst of these inconveniences, 
 by pulling down the houses on the south and south-west sides of the 
 Minster yard, and removing rubbish that has accumulated at the west end 
 of the church. A very spacious area has been cleared on the north side of 
 the nave, where the archbishop’s palace and other large buildings formerly 
 stood; a yard has been obtained, enclosed with a stone wall and arched 
 gate, furnished with commodious shops for workmen, and storehouses for 
 building materials. Some antient buildings, which abutted against the 
 north-west tower, have been very lately taken down. 
 
 Two uniform towers, strengthened at their corners with buttresses w hich 
 diminish at four divisions as they ascend, rise from the western ends of 
 
 3 It is to be regretted that a spectator cannot place himself in any one situation to obtain a 
 favourable view of the whole front. The present view has been drawn from plans and eleva¬ 
 tions, and partly sketched on the spot, from a court near Mr. Drake’s house. 
 
40 
 
 YORK CATHEDRAL. 
 
 the ailes of the nave. Between these towers the front of the middle aile 
 is carried np to the same height as its side walls, and an open battlement 
 runs across the whole breadth, round the towers, and continues along the 
 sides of the nave. A number of niches, adorned with a beautiful variety 
 and richness of sculpture, cover almost the whole front, and are wrought 
 in each of the principal buttresses, as well as in the walls between them. 
 The chief feature of the middle division is a grand window, an unrivalled 
 specimen of the leafy tracery that marks the style of the middle of the 
 fourteenth century. From the arch of this window^ rises an acute gable, 
 or pediment, the point of which, rising above the line of the battlement, is 
 pierced into open tracery; behind which is seen the proper gable of the 
 roof, adorned in front with tracery mouldings, similar to the window, 
 and crowmed at top by battlements of open work raking on the sides, up 
 to a tabernacle on the apex or summith The principal door has a gable 
 over its arch with strait sides, but not so high pitched as that over the 
 great window. The door-way is divided by a slender pillar into two 
 smaller arches, above which is a circular glazed compartment, with tracery. 
 The size of this door-way hardly appears sufficient for its conspicuous 
 use, or suitable to so vast a fabric ; and its division into two parts (though 
 common in almost all chief entrances of churches, from the reign of King 
 John till after that of Edward III.) also diminishes the boldness of the 
 effect; especially with reference to the two lateral door-ways, which are 
 not divided. The whole porch of the middle door, with all the lower 
 niches, as well as various other parts, are of new work, and do equal 
 credit to the artists who restored them and to their munificent employers. 
 This door-way is shown at large, Plate XT. 
 
 The lower parts of the towers preserve a correspondent design to the 
 sides of the fabric. In front of each is a window exactly like the rest in 
 the ailes, only not brought so low at bottom, to make room for the doors. 
 The form of the western towers, from the open battlement that surrounds 
 
 The pinnacle of this has been restored in the late repairs. It was wanting when Malton’s 
 elevation was drawn, but is shown, as complete, in Baker’s view engraved by Vivares in 1750. 
 

 
 1 HN ;>!<OAI)r.KV K.r.i V‘\.mK Kll<.K \ ■ ] -K i I 
 
 I }iis I’l Iir 
 
WEST ERONT, 
 
 41 
 
 them at the height of tlie nave, is very simple. A window on each side is 
 the principal feature. The canopy of each window, it may be observed, 
 exhibits a change of style from the lower windows, the lines not being 
 carried to a strait angle, but curved to suit the shape of the arch, which is 
 high pitched. The double buttresses at each angle diminish in three 
 breaks, all elegantly finished with crockets, &c. but cease under the cor¬ 
 nice, wdiich runs entirely round the towers, even at the angles, as in 
 Grecian and Roman buildings. Above this cornice rise eight lofty square 
 pinnacles, and a battlement of similar design to that below , but loftier and 
 more elaborate. The walls of the upper portion of the towers are beauti¬ 
 fully adorned with niches, pinnacles, gables, and other ornaments''. 
 
 The only alteration that might perhaps be wished in this part of the 
 structure, would be, that the buttresses had been carried up into the 
 pinnacles ; as the cornice at the angles and the oversetting of the pinnacles 
 beyond the line of the walls look awkward and unsafe. 
 
 It has been supposed that the niches of this front were formerly occupied 
 by statues®, but this was never the case, whatever the architects might 
 design ; for no fragments, or marks of fastenings were found when the 
 repairs were going on, which must have been seen if statues had ever been 
 put up. Over the western door are statues of Archbishop Melton, of 
 Percy, and of Vavasour, which have been restored from the mutilated 
 
 5 The Stone of which the lower part of the west front is constructed was brought from 
 Braniham Moor, near Tadcaster, about ten miles from York ; but that of the two towers 
 was probably obtained from the quarries of Stapleton, near Pontefract: for among the archives 
 of the Duchy of Lancaster, (Somerset Place), is a grant, datctl 17th July, 1400, 1st Henry 
 IV. to the Dean and Chapter to be exempt from the payment of tolls and other customs in 
 the river Air for stone to be carried to York Cathedral for the new works. The stone of the 
 low'er part is of a greyish colour when exposed to the weather; the grit is fine, but has sadly 
 failed in preserving its substance where delicately cut, as almost all the sculpture is much 
 mouldered ; and even the ashler work, or plain walling, owing to the slow but continual decom¬ 
 position of its surface, has never acquired the fine russet that clothes the exterior of Lincoln 
 and Peterborough Cathedrals, or the neighbouring fabric of Beverley-Minster. 
 
 ® They are so represented in Carter’s View, which was engraved for the Gentleman’s Magazine 
 for August, 1809. 
 
42 
 
 YOKK CATHEDRAL. 
 
 originals by Taylor of York. Some other statues, but mostly mutilated, 
 occupy niches in various parts of this front. The geometrical forms and 
 proportions of the western towers, both externally and internally, are 
 shown in Plate XIX. 
 
 Nave, Exterior.—The nave is divided into seven parts, by buttresses, 
 and consists, as usual, of two stories. On the north side it is finished in 
 a plain style, the aile having no pinnacles over its broad and massive 
 buttresses; this part was antiently blocked up by the Archbishop’s palace 
 and other buildings, though it is now entirely laid open to view. PI. IV. 
 shows part of this side. The once lofty pinnacles of the south aile have 
 suffered severely from time, and are now so much decayed as to display 
 only shapeless fragments, and the finials, or tops, are quite gone; the en¬ 
 tablatures on which the battlements stand have an enrichment of finials 
 peculiar to this church. One compartment of this side of the nave is 
 shown in PI. XVIII. which displays the forms and ornaments of the two 
 windows, the pinnacles, the parapets, buttresses, &c. On the north side, 
 near the west-end, is a stair-case in the buttress; also a small arch or two 
 of very antient style. In the angle between the north transept and the 
 nave, the ruinous effect of the settlement of the great tower may be traced, 
 though the most unsightly blemishes have been removed or concealed. 
 Part of the transept was, by this settlement, crushed down nine inches, 
 and the nave was brought down almost as much. The windows of the 
 upper story, on the north side of the nave, had wooden mullions till 
 lately, when stone was introduced, conformably to the rest. 
 
 The central tower bears evident marks of the Tudor style. On each of 
 its four sides are two large windows, with two tiers of mullions, bounded 
 on each side by compartmented buttresses. The heads of the windows and 
 heights of the buttresses have sweeping pediments. The battlements are 
 richly perforated in masonic compartments. At the angles of the parapet 
 some imperfections seem to occur; or more probably this tower was never 
 completely finished, as an indication of an arch meets the eye, which 
 seems to set all architectural conjecture at defiance. 
 
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SOUTH TRANSEPT. 
 
 43 
 
 Plate VIII. exhibits the front of the South Transept, which was completed 
 about the year 1227 , early in the reign of Henry III. This superb eleva¬ 
 tion is divided by buttresses into three parts’^ corresponding with the 
 division of the interior into three ailes. In the central compartment is 
 the porch, which is approached by a spacious double flight of steps. This 
 porch was some years since partly restored and partly re-constructed; 
 the antient clock over the entrance, adorned with two wooden statues in 
 the armour of the time of Henry VH. was removed to make room for the 
 present modern dial : and several of the columns and arches, and the 
 pediment were at the same time altered. The innovation, however, pro¬ 
 duced but very little improvement; but it might be very easily made to 
 correspond \vith the other parts. On each side are two windows, and above 
 it, three large lights occupy the whole of the centra’ compartment. Over 
 these appears the great circular window', which forms the noblest decora¬ 
 tion of this transept. See Plate IX. It-consists of two concentric circles 
 of small columns and trefoil arches; the centre and spandrils of which are 
 pierced. The four octangular turrets at the angles are certainly more 
 modern than the date of the transept, and the centre pinnacle has been 
 brought from some other part of the building. It is to be regretted that 
 the vestries on the east, and other small offices against the west side of 
 the transept, are allow^ed to disfigure this side of the church. 
 
 The sides of this transept are divided into bays, by buttresses similar to 
 those of the front; in each bay are tw'O windows, separated by a slender 
 buttress. An elevation of one compartment of this part of the building 
 is seen in Pl. XV. 
 
 The early date of the erection of this transept is evinced by its acutely 
 pointed arches, and slender pillars with plain or slightly ornamented 
 capitals, its narrow and acutely pointed windows, destitute of mullions 
 {except in the central window, which is probably a modern insertion,) and 
 its angular pediments; while the octangular turrets and pinnacle of the 
 
 ’’ The “ Guide to the Cathedral of York” mentions this part as distinguished by the absence 
 of prominent buttresses. Ed. 1815, p. 40. 
 
 F 
 
44 
 
 YORK CATHEDRAL. 
 
 gable, however rich in the decorations of more modern works, are injurious 
 to the simplicity and harmony of the original design. 
 
 The Exterior of the Norik Transept exhibits the finished neatness and 
 plainness of the first period of the pointed style. The ailes have two 
 lancet lights, in each bay, divided by slender buttresses, neatly canted at 
 the angles and with mouldings. The elevation of one side is seen in Plate 
 XIV. The upper story is adorned with a continued series of small arches, 
 three in each bay being pierced for windows. The turrets at the angles are 
 evidently unfinished, as they are left without spires ; and the point of the 
 gable, ends abruptly, without even the decoration of a cross. The door into 
 the west side of this transept is almost blocked up by the wall of the north 
 aile of the nave; the buttress of the new work is carried over it upon an 
 arch turned upon a buttress of old work. The five long single lights in the 
 north end have a bold and striking effect: under them runs a series of 
 arches, with trefoil heads. See Plan and Elevation (PI. XXVIII.) 
 
 The Exterior of the Choir displays some striking features and peculiari¬ 
 ties. On each side is a projection above the ailes, called the Little Tran¬ 
 sept, with a lofty window rising from the middle of the aile to nearly the 
 top roof of the choir, and with side windows over the ailes. East of these 
 the clerestory windows are inserted in the inner part of the wall, and 
 an open screen is constructed before them. This is peculiar to the present 
 church, in England, but a similar feature prevails in some of the churches 
 on the Continent. The great eastern window has a similar screen of 
 mullions and tracery, internally. 
 
 The unfinished state of the stone work on the north side, beneath the 
 windows, shows that a cloister, or other low building, was intended in this 
 part, but which seems not to have been executed. The cornice under the 
 battlements is more perfect towards the eastern part, and shows beautiful 
 foliage ; the spouts are sculptured with bold projecting figures, through 
 which the water is conveyed from the roofs. 
 
 The East End of the building is extremely beautiful. In Plate VI. it 
 is shown from an imaginary station, as the whole cannot be seen from any 
 
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CHOIR EXTERIOR. 
 
 45 
 
 one point. Four very lofty pinnacles, rising from the buttresses, form 
 the chief outline: they are finished with an open crown, or coronet, 
 out of wdiich rise the crocheted spires. Over the centre and ailes are 
 open work parapets, which run horizontally, and are of dift'erent patterns. 
 In the centre is a square turret, which is not very graceful, and w'hich 
 appears to have been built merely to support the finial, &c. of the great 
 eastern window. The spires, at the corners of the ailes, are rather too 
 slender for a beautiful proportion, and their crockets w^ant boldness. The 
 great window in the centre has a lofty arch, over which is a fine sweeping- 
 ogee moulding with foliage canopy, remarkable for its fine curve and 
 lofty termination. The buttresses are adorned with niches, with pe¬ 
 destals and canopies, which were formerly filled with several statues, 
 three of which only remain. 
 
 These appear to represent a figure of an archbishop, seated, holding 
 a church in his left hand, and his right raised; much larger than 
 life. A statue of Vavasour is in tolerable preservation : it has a belt, a short 
 doublet, and hose or boots, drawn up above its knees, but no mantle : 
 the countenance is that of an elderly man. Another statue, which seems 
 to have been a graceful figure, but now reduced by the weather to a 
 ragged appearance, is said to represent Percy: he wears a mail gorget 
 and mantle; his helmet, on which stands a lion (his crest), is on the top of 
 the niche; and a lion, or dog, is at his feet. These two figures hold in 
 their right hands samples of their benefactions to the church. All the 
 older parts of this end are most lamentably mouldering away. The open 
 tracery of the parapets is reduced to a skeleton; and all the crockets 
 and projecting grotesques are mere shapeless pieces of crumbling stone. 
 
 From the top of the chapter-house we have a most complete view of 
 the north side of the choir. The canopies of the aile windows are here 
 carved to the shapes of the arches; the buttresses do not run up into such 
 tall pinnacles as those on the south side of the nave, and they have neither 
 statues nor niches. The upper windows do not stand so deeply recessed 
 in the walls, which gives them a flat look. No arched or flying buttresses 
 
46 
 
 YORK CATHEDRAL. 
 
 have ever existed in this part. The form of the four upper windows, east 
 of the Little Transept, is partly concealed by a series of open tracery, 
 over which the parapet is carried; the exterior appearance of this is 
 rather intricate than beautiful ; but the effect produced within, by sub¬ 
 duing the side lights for the more brilliant display of the great east 
 window, sufficiently evinces the reason and skill of this design. 
 
 The windows nearest the great tower, here, as well as in the nave, are 
 somewhat contracted in breadth, and the farthest bay towards the east 
 is also narrower than the rest; the reason of this latter irregularity is not 
 very apparent. 
 
 Having noticed the general and particular features of the exterior of the 
 church, it will be our next object to point out the peculiarities and charac¬ 
 teristics of its interior. In doing this we shall proceed to notice succes¬ 
 sively the transepts, the nave, the choir, the east end, the vestries, the 
 crypt, the chapter house, and the monuments. 
 
 The architectural styles and proportions of the transept are displayed 
 in Plates I. VIIT. IX. XIII. XIV. XV. XVII. and XXVIII. and from 
 these it will be seen that the early pointed style prevails. Clustered 
 detached columns, with bands, bases with deep and bold members, and capi¬ 
 tals, richly and fancifully sculptured:—arches, with acute and with obtuse 
 heads, also nearly semicircular, are seen. Indeed this part of the minster, 
 though possessing some very fine and interesting features, is very irregular 
 and discordant. As shewn in the plan, PI. I. the transept consists of three 
 great divisions ; i. e. one large central space, and two side ailes. These 
 are separated from each other by clustered columns and pointed arches; 
 and it Avillbeseen, on reference to PI. XIV. that these columns and arches 
 are all varied in forms, proportions, and ornaments. This dissimilarity is 
 most remarkable in the two arches nearest the central tower, one of which 
 is entirely filled up with masonry, and which was probably done to serve 
 as buttresses to the tower. The breadth of the central part of the transept 
 is very striking. The roof is of wood, arched, and adorned with ribs and 
 knots, in imitation of those of the nave and choir, and great ingenuity is 
 
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NORTH AND SOUTH TRANSEPTS. 
 
 47 
 
 displayed in its adaptation to the more antient stone work. Originally the 
 ceiling was much “lower, and the springing of stone ribs may clearly be 
 traced between the windows in the sides of the south transept; but when 
 the great tower was erected, the superior height of the arches of that 
 required the roof within the transepts to be raised sufficiently to include 
 them. The transepts at the northern and southern extremities are very 
 dissimilar to each other. The elevation of that on the north side (PI. 
 XXVIII.) presents five tall lancet windows, strangely called the five sisters. 
 Above these is a series of five other lancet windows of varied heights, the 
 upper parts of which rise above the vaulted roof. Beneath the sills of the 
 lower windows is a series of blank arches, with trefoil heads. There is 
 a passage of communication from the stair-case-turret, at the north-west 
 angle, at the base of the windows, through the great pier, and between the 
 upright mullions of the windows, as shewn in the plan of Plate XXVIII. 
 At the north-east corner of this transept is the entrance to the chapter- 
 house, the door-way of which is of singular form and ornament. Through 
 the eastern wall is another door-way, which is supposed to have led to an 
 older chapter-house than the present. The capitals of the columns, the 
 brackets, the mouldings of arches, the bosses, &c. of this part of the 
 transept are all enriched with bold and elaborate sculpture. 
 
 The south transept nearly corresponds with the opposite, but is not so 
 regular, nor is it so well finished. Its middle story is rather richer in detail. 
 The springings of the stone vault, as originally intended, are plainly seen 
 between the arches of the second story. The clustered shafts they rise 
 from, as also in the other transept, rest on corbels of elegant foliage, similar 
 to some in Lincoln and Ely Cathedrals, instead of forming part of the 
 columns below, as is the case in the nave. (See Plate XV.) 
 
 The connection of this transept with the tower, the nave, and the choir, 
 shows that great alterations have been made. Originally each of the 
 transepts had three uniform bays, beyond the ailes of the nave and choir, 
 bnt when the latter were rebuilt, the length of the transepts was so far 
 encroached upon, that the centre of the arches, nearest to the tower, occu¬ 
 pies the site where a column once stood. 
 
48 
 
 YORK CATHEDRAL. 
 
 Nave .—On entering- the nave, from the west end, the vastness of its 
 dimensions produces an imposing and even an awful effect; and the mildly 
 glowing lights which its “ storied windows” diffuse, tinge every part with a 
 delightful warmth, like the empurpled atmosphere of a fine summer even¬ 
 ing. The simplicity of its principal lines soon strikes the eye of the 
 spectator. (Plates XVI. and XVIII.) The pillars are remarkably plain, 
 and consist of three quarter shafts or columns, alternately larger and 
 smaller, attached to a solid pier; part of these rises up quite to the springing 
 of the groined roof, whilst the remainder support the vaulting of the ailes, 
 and the principal side arches. The bases and capitals are very simple, and 
 rather flat; the latter are, however, wrought in sharp foliage. 
 
 Above each of the principal arches, which are all highly pointed, is a 
 spacious window of five lights in breadth. Between this and the arch is 
 an open triforiuin of unusual formation. It consists of five openings between 
 raullions, with trefoil heads and acute pediments. In the centre opening 
 was a statue. 
 
 The ailes display a grandeur unequalled in this kingdom, possessing the 
 loftiness of those of Westminster without the narrowness of that beautiful 
 structure. The windows have a striking resemblance to those of West¬ 
 minster, only enlarged to three lights in breadth, and the arched heads 
 enriched with three quatrefoils instead of one. The wall, below the win¬ 
 dows, is adorned with paneling and tracery, with light crocketted gables, 
 divided by corresponding pinnacles. This mode of decoration began about 
 the time of Edward I. to supersede the little arches which had hitherto 
 been retained from the old circular style. An examination of the detail of 
 ornaments in this part affords a curious instance too of the communication 
 preserved amongst our antient artists; a screen and some ornaments of 
 the cloisters in Lincoln Minster being apparently worked from the same 
 patterns. 
 
 In advancing up the nave, the interior of the great tower, or lantern, is 
 gradually developed. The vastness of the clustered piers, that bear aloft 
 the arches, is constructed so happily as to confine the view to the most 
 admirable parts. The gorgeous front of the antient rood-loft immediately 
 
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NAVE. 
 
 49 
 
 before us is peopled by several figures of our antient sovereigns. The 
 arched roof of the choir appears to great advantage in the distance, and 
 makes us regret that the perspective should be interrupted by the case of 
 the organ. 
 
 Nothing finer than the interior of the lantern could be imagined. The 
 gallery is at once elegant and simple, the windows of a size sufficient to fill 
 the whole interior with a brilliant light, just adorned with a small quantity 
 of coloured glass to prevent a glaring effect. 
 
 The niches, panels, &c. of the west end, beneath the great window, 
 nearly correspond with the exterior, as do also the ornaments of the door, 
 the gable over it, &c. These doors are separated by a slender pier, the 
 inside of which is adorned with a beautiful small niche, which is new 
 work. The windows under the towers are not painted. The vaults 
 beneath the western tower are in the incomplete state in which those at 
 Beverley and Lincoln were left till very late in the fifteenth century. 
 
 The windows on each side above, formerly open to the nave, are now 
 blocked up. In the north aile (PI. XXI.) is the tomb said to contain the 
 remains of Archbishop Roger: its sides are perforated, and the coffin within 
 is visible, but there are good reasons for considering it a comparatively 
 modern work. In the arches of the gallery under the clerestory windows 
 are some mutilated remains of statues which stood formerly over the 
 crown of each of the great arches of the nave. Over the fifth arch on 
 the north side, looking east, is a great wooden figure of a dragon, which 
 formerly served as a lever to lift the cover off the font. The arch of the 
 ceiling is apparently depressed and flattened, which appears more con¬ 
 spicuous where it joins the acute arch of the central tower. The size 
 and design of the columns, as well as the filling up of the archivolt mould¬ 
 ings, have been often characterised as flat and tame, when compared to 
 the styles of the transepts and of the west end. The architectural 
 character and ornaments of the north aile of the nave are displayed in 
 Plate XXI. 
 
 Between the nave and the choir is a splendid Stone Screen, which now 
 
50 
 
 YORK CATHEDRAL, 
 
 sustains the organ®. From not being uniformly divided, it offends the eye 
 when viewed from the centre of the nave. As an architectural and sculp¬ 
 tured object it is at once spendid and gorgeous. Its western face, or 
 exterior, is covered with a superabundance of niches, canopies, brackets, 
 pinnacles, crockets, fmials, statues, masks, &c. It seems that the artist 
 was determined to charge every part with ornaments ; and to exert the 
 fullest latitude of fancy in giving variety and intricacy to its complicated 
 members. Near its centre is an arched door-way of entrance to the choir, 
 the exterior moulding of which assumes the ogee shape and terminates 
 with a richly sculptured finial. This archway, with two of its lateral 
 niches and statues, are displayed in Plate XXII. The whole screen con¬ 
 sists of a series of fifteen compartments of niches, with corresponding 
 pedestals, canopies, and statues. These statues, says Dr, Milner, ‘ from 
 William the Conqueror, down to Henry V., are of the natural size, in 
 antient regal dresses, enriched with singular ornaments, and in high pre¬ 
 servation®.” The same learned writer contends that the costume and 
 features of those effigies have been executed from satisfactory authorities; 
 yet he remarks that the Normans, both before and after their invasion of 
 this country, shaved their faces and their upper lips, and cut their hair 
 short, whereas the statues of the four Anglo-Norman raonarchs are repre¬ 
 sented with long beards, mustachios, and long curled hair. The dresses 
 are apparently robes of state, and nearly resemble those used by church¬ 
 men. They cover the whole body and hang over the legs, excepting that 
 of Stephen, whose legs are exposed. The hands of William I. are broken 
 off: William Rufus holds a sword in his right hand, and Henry I. has a 
 scepter in the same position. The robes of the two latter statues are 
 
 ® Dr. Milner says, this screen was taken from the Abbey Church of St, Mary, in York ; but 
 this seems very improbable, and is without any evidence. 
 
 9 Carter, in his “ Antient Sculpture and Painting,” has given a series of etchings of fourteen of 
 these statues : but in a rough coarse style, and not accurately drawn. Dr. Milner has illustrated 
 the subject by a long dissertation. 
 
CATHEDTR..^ A1TT3<JV!TIE ». 
 
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ORGAN—SCREEN :—CHOIR. 
 
 51 
 
 richly ornamented with embroidered work, &c. Eacli of the remaining 
 statues has some variation in costume and in appendages. On the pedestals 
 are the names of each monarch, respectively, with the period of his reign: 
 thus, beginning on the north, Willm Con(f. rex an. 21 :— Willm Rufus 14 : 
 —Henri Primus 3.3:— Step, rex 19:— Henr. Sedus 37 :— Richas. Prim, rex : 
 —Jokes rex 18:— Heiiri Ter tins rex 56:— Edward. Primus rex 35:— Edward. 
 Sedus rex 20:— Edward. Terlius rex 32 :— Rich. Sedus rex 22:— Henr. 
 Quart, rex 14:— Henr. Quint, rex 10. The fifteenth statue, representing 
 Henry VI. is the workmanship of Michael Taylor, a sculptor of this city, 
 and occupies the place of one of James I. Many of the smaller parts 
 of the screen have been restored by Bernasconi. From the last statue of 
 the series being that of Henry VI. it has been inferred that the screen 
 was executed towards the end of his reign. It is also traditionally said 
 that the original statue of “ that weak, but reputedly pious monarch,” 
 was taken down “ to prevent the stupid adoration of the lower ranks of 
 the people.” 
 
 After passing through the screen, just described, the visitor is intro¬ 
 duced to the Choir., which is grand in scale and rich in adornment. On 
 each side is a series of twenty stalls, with twelve at the west end, beneath 
 the organ. These are of oak, and are peculiarly rich in their canopies and 
 carved decorations. Each seat, or stall, has its moveable miserecordia, with 
 projecting rests for the elbows, from which rise two detached slender 
 columns, supporting an elaborate canopy. The style and character of 
 these stalls are delineated in Plate XXIII. and in Plate XXXIV. The 
 former plate also displays the general architecture and fitting up of the 
 choir, with the Cathedra, or Archbishop’s Throne on the south side, built 
 in 1740, and the pulpit, opposite. Both of these are of modern Avorkman- 
 ship, and do not harmonize with the stalls. At the eastern end of the 
 choir is the altar-table, raised above the regular floor, by a series of fifteen 
 steps. Behind it is a handsome screen, with mullions, tracery, a parapet, 
 &c. Its open days, or lights, are filled with plate glass, which affords a 
 view of the elegant eastern window. The architectural character of this 
 screen is shown in the plate of the choir above referred to, and one 
 
 G 
 
52 
 
 YORK CATHEDRAL. 
 
 compartment of it is delineated in Plate XXXIV. Previous to the year 
 1726, a large wooden screen, painted and gilt, not only obscured the 
 present stone screen, but shut out the fine eastern window from the 
 choir. On comparing the present screen, as a separation of the choir from 
 the east end of the cathedral, with the arrangement of other cathedrals, 
 its superiority and beauty are very evident. 
 
 The little transept, as we must call it for distinction’s sake, was a fine 
 contrivance of the architect. Standing against the pulpit, or on the opposite 
 side, its effect is uncommonly beautiful. The lines of the sides become 
 diversified without breaking off, and the interior, with the lofty windows 
 at each end and at the sides, are ])ecnliarly elegant. 
 
 On the north side of the altar, over the grated window that lights the 
 crypt, is an antient pew, or gallery, to which there is an ascent by a flight 
 of narrow stairs, of solid blocks of oak. The exterior of this gallery is very 
 neat, and it is certainly older than the Reformation. A little bow window 
 in the north side gives a complete view into the aile, and opposite to it is a 
 very small loop-liole in the stone wall, which afforded a view into the room 
 behind the hi 2 ,h altar. It had also a door into that room. The floor is 
 boarded, in which is a strong trap door. 
 
 Behind the stalls of the choir are closets, some of which are used as 
 vestries by the singing men : modern stair-cases have been constructed, 
 leading to the galleries erected above, and which disfigure the view into 
 the ailes. These closets are fronted, next the ailes, by open screens of oak, 
 some of which are of excellent carving, and more elaborate than others. In 
 the centre of the choir stands a desk for the vicars-choral to chaunt the 
 litany in ; it is enclosed in a pew of carved wood. The brazen eagle- 
 stand is modern. Its pillar is not elegantly formed, and the position, at 
 one side of the choir, is not so well chosen, as if placed in the centre. 
 
 There were antiently three altars in the choir, viz. St, Stephen’s, our 
 Lady’s, and the high altar in the centre. On each side of the latter was a 
 door-way to the apartment between the sereens, where the arehbishop used 
 on solemn festivals to put on some of his robes; and which was sometimes 
 improperly styled the “ Sanetum Sanctorum” here as in other places. A 
 
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EAST END, INTERIOR. 
 
 53 
 
 gallery was constructed above the antient altar-screen, where some of the 
 minstrels who assisted in the solemnities of high mass are thought to have 
 been stationed; it would also serve for setting up the wax-lights and for 
 other decorations so profusely made use of in those splendid ceremonies. 
 
 The roof of the choir is of a loftier pitch than that of the nave, and is 
 actually higher by some feet. The ribs are also more numerous, and cross 
 each other in angular compartments: from their number, however, they 
 take off the leading distinction of the main ribs. 
 
 East of the altar-screen is a large open space, occupied by various 
 monuments. These are of such heterogeneous styles, sizes, and charac¬ 
 ters, that they materially injure the effect of the scene. Whilst those at 
 Winchester enhance the beauty and interest of the place, these disfigure 
 and disgrace the noble architecture to which they are attached. 
 
 The walls in the ailes are panelled with mouldings, which partly cor¬ 
 respond with the windows. Niches fill up the spaces between the win¬ 
 dows and pilasters. The gallery over the great arches is rather injured 
 by the height of its openings being divided by a stone-rail, which was 
 placed as a guard to those persons who were admitted to view the pro¬ 
 cessions or other grand ceremonies below. The open gallery beneath the 
 clerestory windows, and forming a part of each, is richer than that in 
 the nave: each division being crowned by a curved canopy, finished with 
 crockets. The ailes are groined in the simple style of the nave. The 
 eastern bay is the narrowest. 
 
 The splendid east window may be said to vie with that at the west end 
 of the nave in its architectural design and glazed enrichment. Its height 
 and breadth nearly correspond with the space of the choir: and the number 
 of historical subjects represented on the glass amount to nearly two hundred. 
 The soffit to the arch has a series of canopies running up to the crown 
 of it. Each of these is occupied by a projecting bust instead of a whole 
 length figure. The outer rim of the arch is wrought into little tabernacles 
 filled with half length figures. The design of the great east window is at 
 once fine and simple. See Plate XXV. Three chief divisions are formed 
 
.54 
 
 YORK CATHEDRAL. 
 
 by two larije mullions, and each division of which is again separated into 
 three lights, whilst all the upper part, from the springing of the arch, is 
 fitted into compartments half the breadth of the principal lights. The 
 chief mullions are strengthened by another series, which are connected with 
 them ; the upper part, forming a narrow gallery, is carried across upon this 
 double work, but is so light as not to obstruct the view of the glazing. The 
 view from this gallery is inconceivably grand and beautiful. The whole 
 length of the interior of the church is shown in a perspective of more than 
 five hundred feet; all obstruction of the choir with its screens lying far 
 beneath the eye. Tlie mild lustre of the western window is fully displayed 
 at the termination. Eight large niches fill up each side of the window 
 in four double tiers; but these were never intended for statues, as some 
 of the bases are sloped up, and leave no room for a figure. 
 
 The glazing of this great window is much mutilated and disarranged by 
 unskilful repairs. The figures are in general from two feet two inches to 
 two feet four inches high, and the heads are most beautifully drawn. Some 
 of the Blessed Virgin resemble the turn observable in Rai)haers paintings. 
 The bases, &c. of the columns at the east end are bolder than in the nave. 
 Each column has a projecting bracket and canopy for a large statue. 
 
 On the south side of the choir are three Chapels or Vestries; the first of 
 these is paved with small tiles, some of which shew traces of painting. 
 Here is a piscina and two brackets; one of the latter represents a man 
 tearing open a lion’s jaws, the other a lion and a dragon fighting. All the 
 north and west sides are recessed with numerous wainscot cupboards 
 of antient work ; that at the west end has an inner closet. Several old 
 chests and presses remain here, particularly two vast old chests for copes, 
 made to suit the form of that vestment, when doubled, each being a 
 quadrangle of six feet six inches diameter. These chests are peculiary 
 strong: the lids are decorated with iron scrolls and hinges; one, in par¬ 
 ticular, is of the same fashion as those on the chapter-house doors. Here 
 is a very strong small trunk for money, and an old chest with two holes to 
 receive alms. 
 
( 
 
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 !s^V. 
 
 'Sr' 
 
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NATHAN njOlN!'. j/' “^SlK-iks^peare 3: hi;; ’i'me:'""Ljlerci! y Hour;;'. .“^cr hi- H insc-fided wUh 
 
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TKErvHAJL AMTI-.^TITIE.’. IP'E.llL.. 
 
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CRYPT. 
 
 55 
 
 III the western window, at 7 in the ground plan, is a Well opening in the 
 thickness of the wall into a little recess, but closed by a door ; it is called 
 St. Peter s Pump. In the window is a stone trough, into which the water 
 is drawn by a common pump. 
 
 Beneath the altar is a small crypt, which is entered by eight steps from 
 the ailes of the choir, and four more steps descend into the body of it. 
 The broken floor exhibits the sites of three altars, (Torre says four). The 
 pavement is of antient glazed square tiles, alternately painted blue and 
 yellowish white. Two quatrefoils, pierced through the base of the screen, 
 formerly afforded a gleam of light to the middle altar, but these are now 
 built up. The basin of a piscina, for the south altar, remains richly 
 carved, but broken. See View of Crypt, Plate III. and Plan of ditto, with 
 Capitals, Plate II. 
 
 This crypt has four ailes, from east to west, each of three arches, sup¬ 
 ported by short columns ; the sweep of the arches on the eastern side is 
 cut off by the solid part of the foundation of the altar-screen. The whole 
 columns are five feet six inches in height. The arches are groined, with 
 ribs crossing, but without key stones. 
 
 The side piers, or half columns, are octagonal, with capitals of more 
 modern and plainer work. The side arches are wrought with cheverons, 
 and were constructed to be seen from the ailes ; these are fronted by 
 arches obtusely pointed, built when this part of the church was erected. 
 The great columns of the choir do not stand upon the walls of this crypt, 
 but on the outer sides, as shewn at h. h. Plate II. in the plan. It may be 
 presumed that this curious structure was not taken to pieces at the re¬ 
 building of the choir, but was partly altered or repaired, as seems to be 
 indicated by the octagon piers at the side.s, &c. In this crypt is a lava¬ 
 tory, like that at Lincoln, but its base is quite plain; it has a hole in 
 the centre for a })ipe. This drain is covered by a figure like a monkey 
 crouching over its cub. In one of the western arches next to this lavatory 
 is a Well. The light is almost excluded by Archbishop Dolben’s tomb on 
 the south side, and by some stone coffins and tombs, placed against the 
 north windows. These vaults have certainly extended farther eastward, 
 
56 
 
 YORK CATHEDRAL. 
 
 but it is impossible to say how far; very probably they were planned in a 
 semicircular sweep at the east end, as at Canterbury, Winchester, and 
 some other Anglo-Norman churches. 
 
 The six round columns have antient capitals, each of which is orna¬ 
 mented : the bases of the three eastern columns consist of a torus, with 
 a hollow beneath, splayed to the squares of an octagonal plinth. See 
 Pl. II. b. The centre column of the western range stands on a reversed 
 capital, which has had a round abacus, but has since been chopped to a 
 square at the bottom. The two side columns of this row have other 
 bases, seemingly intended for thicker columns. See Plan, a. 
 
 Branching off from the north transept is the approach, or vestibule, to 
 the Chapter-House, the interior of which* is of large dimensions and pro¬ 
 duces a very solemn and impressive effect. It is a regular octagon. Seven 
 fine arched windows fill as many of its sides; the other is solid, wdth 
 tracery on the walls, to answer the pattern of the windows. The whole 
 circumference, below the windows, except at the entrance, is occupied by 
 forty-four canopied stalls of stone, for the canons who composed the chap¬ 
 ter. (See a representation of one compartment of these canopies Plate 
 XXXP°.) The canopies of these stalls afford early specimens of that 
 beautiful tabernacle work, as we are accustomed to call it, which soon 
 afterwards was more elaborately ornamented. The columns of the stalls 
 are of Petworth marble: the lines of their canopies are not very complex, 
 but the sculpture is executed with great skill and spirit. 
 
 Numerous small busts, with most ludicrous expression of countenance. 
 
 This view show s several varied specimens of sculpture, in the execution of which the artists 
 appear to have given unbridled scope to their fancies. Here are personations of strength, in 
 Samson and the Lion ; of vice punished, by the monsters tearing out the tongue and eyes of a 
 man: contrasted to which are three varied countenances, expressive of serenity, humility, and 
 modesty: next to these is a sort of buffoon’s head, forcing open his wide spread mouth. Beneath 
 the heads are two enriched pendants, or drops, and on each side is a detached shaft, with rich 
 foliated capitals. The critic who will give himself the trouble to compare the representation of 
 these masks, with views of the same by Mr. Halfpenny, will find considerable differences: and I 
 am sorry to say to the prejudice of the York artist. Mr. Mackenzie finished his drawing on the 
 spot, and has given very accurate portraits of the objects. 
 
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CHAPTER-HOUSE. 
 
 57 
 
 form a principal ornament; some of M'hich have been supposed to be 
 memorials of the ridicule passed upon the religious orders by the secular 
 clergy ; but from a close examination we shall find that they have not such 
 allusion. The roof is groined in a simple and elegant form: there is no 
 pillar in the centre, as in some earlier structures of this class. The 
 vaulted roof is of wood, and was, till lately, adorned with paintings and 
 gilding: some large panels are yet preserved that were taken from it at the 
 repair: it is now plastered and coloured like stone. The piers and win¬ 
 dows have also been washed of a plain stone colour. The stalls and 
 entrance are suffered to retain the faded indications of their antient 
 splendour. Over the door is a row of niches, formerly filled with thirteen 
 statues. The largest in the middle is thought to have represented Jesus 
 Christ, and the others his twelve apostles. These images were probably 
 of metal, and are even said to have been of silver; but they are not 
 mentioned in the inventory in the Monasticon. Two smaller figures 
 of stone remain in niches. The blank window above has been painted 
 with figures of saints, but these are now washed over. The piers be¬ 
 tween the windows are perforated by a narrow gallery, which runs quite 
 round the whole building, over the stalls. The glazing in the upper com¬ 
 partments exhibits many arms of founders and benefactors; the larger lights 
 are filled with aground of greyish panes, diapered with brown. This ground 
 is surrounded by a foliated border, and interspersed with small historical 
 groups, all in rich colours. The preservation is, upon the whole, very per¬ 
 fect, but the harmonious effect is destroyed by the introduction of narrow 
 slips of clear glass. An elevation, with plans, of one compartment of the 
 chapter-house, is given in Plate XXXII. The only furniture in this room 
 is an antient table, covered with old tapestry, and adorned with arms, being 
 part of the antient hangings of the choir. 
 
 There are two arches of entrance, divided by a pier, or clustered 
 pillar. See Plate XXVII. This pillar is adorned with a statue of the 
 Virgin Mary carrying the infant, in a fine niche. The doors themselves 
 are covered with iron scrolls. 
 
 The Vestibule of this exquisite room is peculiarly interesting in its archi- 
 
58 
 
 YORK CATHEDRAL. 
 
 tecture and sculpture. The sides are apparently all windows, with 
 beautiful tracery ; and the walls below are adorned in a corresponding 
 style. The style of this part is a little later than that of the chapter-house 
 itself; but it was undoubtedly erected immediately after; and, from a 
 close examination, we have no hesitation in affixing its date to the reign 
 of Edward I. A door-way, now blocked up, is visible on the north side 
 of this entrance. Several grave-stones of the coffin shape remain. The 
 entrance to the vestibule, from the transept, is of singular design, and 
 consists of two doors of open wood work, with a cbistered column be¬ 
 tween. See Plate XXVIIl. 
 
 A small portion of ornamental arches, &c. of the same style as the tran¬ 
 sept, is shown just within the vestibule, on the left hand. This is part of the 
 transept which was not altered to suit the newer work of the chapter- 
 house. See Plate XXXII. f. 
 

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 THREE MOKUMEITTAJL JEFFICIES, 
 

 
 
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CATEDEDMAJL AMTIQUITBES 
 
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 ACCOUNT OF THE MONUMENTS, ETC. 
 
 Very few of the monuments of this church are interesting, either as works of 
 art, or subjects of antiquity. The judicious little Guide says, “ Ponderous 
 Corinthian columns, supporting pyramids, kneeling effigies in the dress of 
 Elizabeth’s days, winged cherubs, deaths’ heads, hour-glasses, and other 
 emblems of mortality, are not perfectly congruous with the magnificent 
 building, to the walls of which they are attached.” A few only of these 
 tombs will therefore be noticed in the ensuing pages. 
 
 Plate XVII. represents the monument of Archbishop Walter de Grey, 
 situated in the east aile of the south transept. (See Plan a.) This beautiful 
 relic of the thirteenth century consists of two stories, or tiers of trefoil arches, 
 supported by eight slender columns, wdth capitals of luxuriant foliage, 
 sustaining a canopy divided into eight niches, with angular pediments, 
 decorated with elaborate finials. These are enriched with the figures of 
 birds, foliage, &c. and the sweep of the pediment has several crockets 
 running up its exterior moulding. On a flat tomb, under the canopy, is an 
 effigy of the archbishop in his pontifical robes, as seen in Plate XXXVI. 
 Fig. A. This monument is inclosed by a bronzed iron railing, of rich and 
 elaborate workmanship, erected by the late Archbishop Markham. Behind 
 the tomb are seen parts of the nave and choir: also a tomb ascribed to 
 Archbishop Godfrey de Ludham, otherwise Kimeton, who died in 1264. 
 It is coffin-shaped, under a canopy of trefoil arches, marked (b) in the 
 ground plan. 
 
 H 
 
60 
 
 YORK CATHEDRAL. 
 
 Plate XXVI. represents the tomb of Archbishop Henry Bowet, 
 situated beneath an arch at the east end of the church (t). This is a 
 peculiarly fine specimen of the architecture which prevailed in the early 
 part of the reign of Henry VI. The canopy is an elliptical arch; each 
 front of which is splayed outwards in radiated tracery, to suit the forms of 
 three divisions of tabernacle work, with most delicate pendents between. 
 The inside of the arch is adorned with fine tracery. Upon the arch, and 
 within the double front of pinnacles, rise three lofty tabernacles; each 
 containing a statue standing upon a column, or pedestal. These figures 
 are rather too much concealed by the pinnacles. The modern tomb, which 
 forms a base to this superb canopy, is so broad as to produce the appear¬ 
 ance of an inclosed chapel. The slab which originally covered the tomb 
 was cut up to be used in the pavement. The present worthy Dean of 
 York has had this monument carefully repaired and restored. In the 
 accompanying plate is represented part of the back of the altar-screen, 
 with a view into the small north-east transept. 
 
 Plate XXIX.—The tomb of Archbishop Thomas Savage was erected 
 by his chaplain, Thomas Dalby, Archdeacon of Richmond, and restored 
 by the Dean and Chapter in 1813. It may be regarded as one of the latest 
 examples of the elegant English style, which, towards the end of the six¬ 
 teenth century, was corrupted and debased by the intermixture of Grecian 
 and Roman architecture. An arch of strait lines, forming an obtuse angle, 
 just rounded at the springing, covers the tomb, on which lies the statue of 
 the prelate. In the cornice, which is flat on the top, an inscription is 
 wrought, interrupted by five large projecting figures of angels holding 
 shields of arms. These arms again occur in the spandrils, supported by 
 unicorns, with angels throwing up their censers in the angles. The front 
 of the tomb, and the lower part of the piers, have been renewed. The 
 effigy of the archbishop (PI. XXXVI. b.) has been a piece of fine sculp¬ 
 ture ; it has now lost the upper part of the crosier, and the right hand 
 which held a book. Beyond the clustered column is shown one of the 
 entrances to the crypt, and on the ground are two Roman coffins of extra¬ 
 ordinary size and character, which will be hereafter noticed. 
 
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ANTIENT MONUMENTS. 
 
 61 
 
 Plate XXXVI. c. the effigy of a knight, who bears on his shield and sur- 
 coat the arms of Manley h This figure, which belongs to the fourteenth cen- 
 tury^ is called by the Vergers the son of the Emperor Severus ; and another 
 figure, which lies near it, is by them denominated Severus ; both these are 
 stated to have been brought from Acombe Hills, where, according to vulgar 
 tradition, Severus was interred ; but the whole story is totally unfounded. 
 The figure called Severus has curled hair, a flowing beard, long garments, 
 and a cross on the breast; the head lies on a cushion, and the feet rest on 
 a lion. Although some writers have attributed this performance to the 
 time of the Saxons, there seems every reason to believe it is a sepulchral 
 monument of the fourteenth century 
 
 Several antient monuments of the archbishops are worthy of notice, 
 although inferior to those which are represented in the plates. That of 
 Roger, in the north aile of the nave, is generally esteemed the oldest in the 
 church, but that fact seems very questionable*. The tomb of Sewal de 
 Bovil is at the east end (r), whither it has been removed from the south 
 side of archbishop Grey’s tomb. In the north transept is an elegant 
 monument attributed to William de Grenefeld (Plan e.), enriched with 
 tracery and pinnacles, and supported by buttresses. At the east end of 
 the cathedral is the tomb of Archbishop Rotheram, formerly adorned 
 with brass shields and scrolls: on it is a marble stone, removed from 
 the tomb of Dean William de Langueton, who died in 1275, as appears by 
 the remains of the inscription. A monument ascribed to the unfortunate 
 Richard Scrope, is at the east end of the cathedral (Plan o.), but part of 
 it is probably of a much more antient date. It is chiefly built of freestone, 
 of a coffin shape, covered with a slab of spotted black marble, and has been 
 
 ' These are shown in Plate LXXX. of the History of the Cathedrals of Canterbury and York. 
 
 Gough’s Sepulchral Monuments, vol. i. part ii. p. 178, says the arrangement of the arms is 
 not common. 
 
 3 Gough’s Sepulchral Monuments, ut supra. 
 
 Mr. Gray considered it not older than 1315. Gray’s Works and Life, by Mason, vol. ii. 
 p. 184. 
 
62 
 
 YORK CATHEDRAL. 
 
 surrounded, at the top, by a rim of brass. The sides are ornamented with 
 plain shields in quatrefoils. 
 
 The east end of the church also contains the monuments of the Arch¬ 
 bishops Sterne (Plan ni.), Frewen (Plan p.), Matthew (Plan q.), 
 Sharpe (Plan s.), and Piers (u.) In the south aile of the choir are those 
 of Lamplugh^ (Plan w.), Hutton, and Dolben (Plan z). As the dates and 
 some particulars relating to these prelates are given in other parts of the 
 work, it will here be sufficient to say, that these tombs, notwithstanding 
 the labour and expense profusely lavished in erecting them, display 
 examples of every fault which should be avoided in monumental sculpture 
 and architecture. 
 
 From these the spectator will turn with pleasure to the exquisite little 
 alabaster statue of Prince William de Hatfield, the second son of 
 King Edward HI. Plate XXXIV. centre. This royal youth, who died at 
 the early age of eight years, is here represented in a recumbent posture (f). 
 He is habited in a doublet, finely flowered, with long sleeves, a mantle 
 with foliated edges, plain hose, and shoes richly ornamented with flowers; 
 his head is adorned with a narrow chaplet, and a magnificent belt encircles 
 his loins. The head was formerly supported by two angels, which have 
 been destroyed, probably by some zealot who could endure no superstition 
 but his own. The feet rest against a lion^. This'statue, which was long 
 neglected, now lies under a beautiful canopy in the north aile of the choir. 
 It is to be regretted that the face is much injured. 
 
 ^ Lampliigit and Dolben, altliongl) habited as bishops of the Protestant church, have received 
 from the sculptor tlie additional insignia of the mitre and crosier. 
 
 ® A front view and profile of this interesting piece of sculpture will be found in Stothards’ 
 “ Monumental Effigies.” Prince William was born at Hatfield, near Doncaster, on w hich occasion 
 Queen Philippa, his mother, gave five marks per annum to the neighbouring abbey of Roche, 
 and five nobles to the monks there; which sums, when he died, were transferred to the church 
 of York, where the Prince was buried, to purchase prayers for his soul; and are to this day paid 
 to the Dean and Chapter out of the impropriation of the rectory of Hatfield, as appears by the 
 Rolls. Drake’s Eboracum, p. 490, note. 
 
ANTIENT MONUMENTS. 
 
 63 
 
 The Dorth transept (d) contains a table-tomb of Purbeck marble, in 
 memory of John Haxby, treasurer of the church, who died January 21, 
 1424. On this tomb, according to antient limitations of the church estates, 
 payments of money are still occasionally made. Underneath the tomb, 
 and within an iron grating much broken, is a figure of a wasted corpse in 
 a winding sheet. 
 
 The remaining monuments, with the dates of the deaths of the persons 
 they commemorate, are chiefly as follow: South aile of the nave, James 
 Cotrel, Esq. August 17, 1595. South transept, Elizabeth Eymes, February 
 3, 1583. North aile of the east end, Bryan Higdon, LL.D. Dean of York, 
 .Tune 5, 1539. (Plan g.) Sir Henry Belasyse and Dame Ursula his wife^, 
 (Plan h.) Henry Swinburne, LL.D.® 1656. Sir William Ingram, Knight, 
 LL.D. Ma ster in Chancery, and Commissary of the Archbishop’s Preroga¬ 
 tive Court of York, July 24, 1625. The Right Lion. Charles Howard, 
 Earl of Carlisle, Governor of Jamaica, and Ambassador of Charles 11. to 
 Muscovy, Sweden, and Denmark, February 24, 1684. The same monu¬ 
 ment commemorates Sir John Fenwicke, who was executed for high 
 treason in 1696, and Lady Mary, his widow, daughter of the Earl of Car¬ 
 lisle (k). The Honourable Henry Medley has a monument decorated 
 with marine trophies, August 5, 1747 (1). John Dealtry, M. D. a figure 
 of the goddess of health bending over an urn, March 25, 1773. The monu¬ 
 ment erected “ by the public love and esteem of his fellow citizens,” to 
 the memory of that distinguished patriot Sir George Savile, who repre¬ 
 sented the county of York in Parliament for twenty-five years, January .9, 
 1784. The Right Honourable Frances Cecil, Countess of Cumberland, 
 wife of Henry Lord Clifford, the last Earl of Northumberland of that name. 
 
 ’’ No date appears on this monument. Sir Henry Belasyse was born in 15.'>5, son of Sir \Vm. 
 Belasyse, of Newborough ; created a baronet, June 29, IGll, on the first institution of that 
 dignity; father of Thomas, the first Viscount Fauconberg. Dame Ursula was daughter of Sir 
 Thomas Fairfax, of Denton. 
 
 * This learned Civilian rose from the rank of a Proctor to that of Commissary of the 
 Exchequer, and Judge of the Prerogative Court of the Archbishop of York. His Treatise on 
 Last Wills and Testaments is still in high estimation. 
 
64 
 
 YORK CATHEDRAL. 
 
 February 4, 1643; this is a table-tomb, supported by four clumsy balus¬ 
 ters. (n.) 
 
 East end of the church .—Frances Matthew, the widow of Archbishop 
 Matthew, and the principal benefactress to the cathedral library. May 8, 
 1629. Henry Finch, Dean of this church, September 8, 1728, and Edward 
 Finch, his brother, residentiary, February 14, 1 737. South aile of east end, 
 Ann Bennet, wife of Dr. J. Bennet, 1601. The Right Honourable William 
 Wentworth, Earl of Strafford, son of the unfortunate minister of Charles I. 
 October 16, 1695. This monument contains a statue of the earl, and 
 another of a lady, but it does not appear which of his two wives is repre¬ 
 sented by the latter figure (v). The Honourable Thomas Watson Went¬ 
 worth, nephew of the said Earl, October 6, 1723, a statue in a Roman 
 dress. A figure of Faith, by Mr. Westmacott, consecrated to William 
 Burgh, Esq. LL.D. December 26, 1808. Nicholas Wanton, Esq. March 2, 
 1617. Sir William Gee, 1617; and Jane Hodson, wife of Dr. Phineas 
 Hodson, September 2, 1636, who died in parturition of her twenty-fourth 
 child, yet (says her epitaph) in the prime of life and bloom of beauty. 
 
 The inner vestry, or council room, contains a large press, in which many 
 evidences and registers of the church, with several curious antiquities, are 
 preserved. Among the latter is a wooden head, found at the time of 
 removing the pavement in the tomb of Archbishop Rotheram; as this 
 prelate died of the plague, it seems probable that he was immediately 
 and unceremoniously interred, and that an image was afterwards solemnly 
 buried in the church, dressed in the insignia of the deceased prelate^. 
 In this press are also three silver chalices, taken from the graves of 
 three of the archbishops; several rings found in the tombs of Sewal, 
 Grenefeld, Bowet, Nevil, and Lee; a superb pastoral staff, of silver, given 
 by Catherine of Portugal, Queen Dowager of England, to Smith, her 
 confessor, when nominated by James H. in 1687, to be one of his Catholic 
 bishops; a canopy of gold tissue, and two small coronets of silver gilt, 
 given by the city for the service of James I. upon his passing through 
 
 Drake’s Eboracum, p, 447. 
 
ANTIQUITIES IN THE VESTRY. 
 
 65 
 
 York from Scotland, in his way to London. The most important, as well 
 as the most curious antient relic, is a large ivory horn, which was formerly 
 handsomely adorned with gold, and suspended by a chain of the same 
 metal; an inscription on it states that the horn was given to the Cathedral 
 by Ulphus, Prince of West Deira, with all his lands and reveiiues. Being 
 lost, Henry Lord Fairfax at length restored it. The Dean and Chapter 
 ornamented it anew, A. D. 1675. 
 
 Camden mentions this horn, and cites an antient author, who thus 
 describes the donation of which it served as a token, “ Ulphus governed 
 in the western part of Deira, and on account of an altercation between 
 his elder and younger sons, about the succession to his domains after his 
 death, he presently made them both fairly equal. For he repaired imme¬ 
 diately to York, and filling the horn, from which he usually drank, with 
 wine, and kneeling before the altar, he gave all his lands and rents to God 
 and Saint Peter, Prince of the Apostles’®.” By this horn the church holds 
 several lands of great value, not far from York on the east, and which 
 are still called “ de Terra Ulphi”.” 
 
 Mr. Sheriff Hornby presented to the cathedral a curious antient bowl, 
 given by Archbishop Scrope to the Cordwainer’s Company in the year 
 1398, and presented by that body, on their dissolution in 1808, to Mr. 
 Hornby, as a mark of esteem. The inside of the cup contains the Cord¬ 
 wainer’s arms, richly embossed ; and upon the rim is the following inscrip¬ 
 tion in old English characters: —Richard Arche beschope Scrope 
 
 GRANT UNTO ALL THO THAT DRINKIS OF THIS COPE XL*^' DAYES TO PARDON. 
 
 Robert Gobson beschope mesm grant in same forme aforesaid xl^‘ 
 DAY is to pardon. Robert Strensall. 
 
 Here is also an antient chair, in which, it is said, several Saxon Kings 
 have been crowned. It is used by the Archbishop at ordinations, &c. 
 
 A catalogue of the numerous vessels and ornaments of gold and silver. 
 
 Camden’s Britannia (1600) p. 630. 
 
 ” This endowment was made about 1036, as shewn by Mr. Gale in a tract on the subject of 
 this horn in the first volume of Archaeologia, p. 16B. 
 
66 
 
 YORK CATHEDRAL. 
 
 jewels, and other treasures belonging to this church before the Reforma¬ 
 tion, is printed in Dugdale’s Monasticon, vol. i. p. 169, &c. These valua¬ 
 bles consisted of mitres, chalices, pastoral rings, vials, thuribles, and other 
 vessels, crosses, images, gospellaries, relics, &c. Among the latter were 
 the following:—some bones of St. Peter; part of the hair of St. William; 
 the arm of St. Wilfrid, inclosed in a silver arm ; two thorns of the crown 
 of our Saviour; a tooth of St. Apollonia ; part of the brain of St. Stephen ; 
 and a cloth stained with the blood of Archbishop Scrope. 
 
 In the north aile of the choir are two antient stotie coffins, which were 
 discovered under ground at Clifton, about a mile north of the city. Each 
 consists of a single block of stone, measuring seven feet long, two feet 
 one inch wide at bottom, and one foot ten inches deep. The top is also 
 of one stone. A skeleton was found in one of the coffins. 
 
IrJ. 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANECDOTES OF THE ARCHBISHOPS OF YORK. 
 
 In the preceding pages many biographical notices of the Archbishops, as 
 connected with the history of the church and see, have necessarily been 
 introduced. The present chapter will contain such anecdotes of prelates 
 as appear to be of general interest, and have not already been noticed. 
 
 Aldred presided over this see, when his friend and patron, King 
 Harold, fell in the battle of Hastings. The politic bishop, finding resist¬ 
 ance hopeless, officiated at the coronation of A^'illiam of Normandy, and 
 exacted from him an oath that he would protect his English subjects 
 equally with the Normans. He had sufficient resolution afterwards to 
 reproach the new monarch with the breach of this oath, and to threaten 
 him with an excommunication, which the conqueror deprecated with great 
 humility. 
 
 The succeeding Archbishops, Thomas, Gerard, and Thomas H. have 
 been already noticed in the preceding account of the controversy between 
 the sees of Canterbury and York. In the time of Thurstan, the next in 
 succession, an accidental fire destroyed the cathedral in 1137; and the 
 following year David, King of the Scots, ravaged the northern counties at 
 the head of a numerous army. On that occasion Archbishop Thurstan 
 exerted himself with the greatest activity in collecting a force at Thirsk, 
 where the northern barons soon assembled with their vassals. Having 
 elected the renowned Walter L’ Espec to the chief command, they advanced 
 to Cotton Moor, near Northallerton, and raising the consecrated standard, 
 defeated their enemies with tremendous slaughterb 
 
 ‘ Chalmers’s “ Caledonia,” vol. i. book iv. cli. ii. 
 
 I 
 
68 
 
 YORK CATHEDRAL. 
 
 On the death of Thurstan, in 1140 , William, a nephew of King Stephen, 
 was elected, bat deprived by the Pope in favour of Henry Murdac. The 
 king at first rejected the latter, but after some years delay confirmed his 
 appointment. William, having survived Murdac, was at length consecrated, 
 but was poisoned a few months afterwards. Roger of Bishopbridge 
 then succeeded, who has already been frequently mentioned as the 
 founder of the old choir. Upon his death Henry II. retained the tempo¬ 
 ralities of the see for several years; and, according to his last request, 
 Geoffry, his natural son by Rosamond Clifford, was nominated to the 
 archiepiscopal throne by Richard I. In the life-time of Henry H. Geoffry 
 had been appointed to the bishopric of Lincoln, although he had never 
 taken ecclesiastical orders. He kept possession of the temporalities of 
 that see for several years, during which time he was fighting valiantly the 
 battles of his father, against the Scots, and the legitimate, but rebellious, 
 sons of the unfortunate Henry. At length Geoffry was compelled by the 
 Pope to resign his bishopric; in lieu of which he obtained the chancellor¬ 
 ship and several minor appointments. He accompanied his father in his 
 last expedition into France, and distinguished himself no less by his 
 courage than his filial affection. Henry loved him as he merited. “ Geoffry,” 
 said tlie unhappy monarch, “ is indeed my son—the others are bastards.” 
 Although Richard fulfilled the last desire of his father in appointing 
 Geoffry to the see, of York, he made him pay exorbitantly for his favour. 
 D uring the absence of his brother in Palestine, Geoffry experienced much 
 hostility from Wm. de Longchamp, the chancellor, but had the triumph of 
 witnessing the total ruin of his enemy. The remainder of his life was 
 passed in perpetual contentions with his brothers, Richard and John, the 
 Pope, and his own canons. He seems to have been a man of a haughty 
 and unyielding spirit, better calculated for the command of armies than 
 the ecclesiastical government of a province. It is said by Mr. Gray, that 
 he commenced the south transept, which was finished by his successor 
 Walter Grey. 
 
 Of Sewal de Bovil, Godfrey de Ludham, otherwise de Kimeton, Walter 
 Giffard, and William Wickwane, nothing particularly interesting is re- 
 
ARCHBISHOPS THORESBY AND SCROPE. 
 
 69 
 
 corded. John le Roniayne, precentor of Lincoln, was the next archbishop, 
 whose works in the cathedral have been already noticed. 
 
 His successors were Henry de Newark, Thomas de Corbridge, William 
 de Grenfeld, and William de Melton, the latter of whom completed the 
 nave of the church. At the head of an undisciplined multitude he 
 engaged the Scots at Myton, in 1319, but was defeated. The next arch¬ 
 bishop was William de la Zouch, whom King Edward the Third, then 
 engaged in his French wars, appointed warden of the northern parts of 
 England. In 1346, the Scots having again invaded the kingdom in great 
 force, Queen Philippa, with the archbishop, marched against them, and at 
 Neville’s Cross, near Durham, totally defeated them, and made their king, 
 David Bruce, prisoner. In 1352, John Th('Resby, bishop of Worcester, 
 an eminent divine and canonist, was promoted to this see. He received 
 his education at Oxford, was made keeper of the great seal in 1347, and 
 soon afterwards consecrated bishop of St. David’s, from which see he was 
 translated to that of Worcester. In his time the controversies between 
 the two archiepiscopal sees were finally settled by the mediation of King 
 Edward the Third, on behalf of this prelate and Simon Islip, archbishop of 
 Canterbury. The zeal and liberality of Archbishop Thoresby, displayed 
 in erecting the choir and great tower of the cathedral, have been already 
 noticed. But the work which reflects the most honourable lustre on his 
 memory, is his ‘ English Exposition of the Ten Commandments’, which he 
 required the clergy of his diocess diligently to read to their parishioners. 
 This treatise was discovered by Mr. Thoresby, the antiquary, among the 
 records in the archbishop’s register office at York, and is printed in the 
 appendix to his “ Vicaria Leodiensis." 
 
 Alexander Nevill, Thomas Arundel, Robert Waldby, and Richard le 
 S cROPE, were then su-ccessively appointed to the see. The latter was 
 brother to William le Scrope, Earl of Wiltshire, and treasurer of England, 
 and was promoted to this see from that of Lichfield and Coventry. This 
 learned and virtuous prelate was a firm adherent of Richard the Second; 
 and his just detestation of the usurper who deposed that ill-fated monarch, 
 led him to head the insurrection of 1405, for restoring the lawful order of 
 
70 
 
 YORK CATHEDRAL. 
 
 succession^. This enterprise Avas defeated by the treacherous policy of 
 the Earl of Westmoreland ; Avho, by consenting to the terms proposed by 
 the archbishop, persuaded him to disband his forces. But the sincere and 
 unsuspecting prelate was no sooner left defenceless than he was made 
 prisoner. The king required Sir William Gascoigne to try him for high 
 treason: but the judge refused ; declaring, that by the constitution, neither 
 his highness, nor any body in virtue of his commission, could be authorized 
 to sit upon tlie life of a bishop. Upon this, Henry ap[)ointed Sir W. Ful- 
 thorp, a judge, expressly to condemn the archbishop, which he did, without 
 trial, chai’ge, or indictment. The unfortunate Scrope was immediately 
 beheaded, but persisted witli great fortitude in justifying his enterprise. 
 
 The prelates who were afterwards appointed to this see were not remark¬ 
 able for any important actions, until Cardinal Thomas Wolsey obtained 
 the see in 1514. Jn a j)receding chapter this great statesman and his suc¬ 
 cessors, Lee and Holgate, liave been noticed. 
 
 Nicholas Heath, the successor of Holgate, was deprived on the accession 
 of Queen Elizabeth, on account of his adherence to the Roman Catholic 
 religion ; but such Avas his character for integrity, wisdom, and learning, 
 that he Avas allowed to pass the remainder of his days in unmolested re¬ 
 tirement. 
 
 Thomas Young, Edmund Grindall, and Edwin Sands, were the succeed¬ 
 ing archbishops of York. The latter published, in 158.3, a volume of 
 sermons, “ the style and manner of Avhich,” says Mr. Drake, “ far exceed 
 any thing I have yet met Avith amongst the English writers of that age 
 John Piers, Matthew Hutton, Tobias Matthew, George Monteign, and 
 Richard Neile^ then successively held this see, and u|)on the death of the 
 latter in 1640, King Charles the First ap|)ointed John Williams, This 
 prelate and his successor. Accepted Frewen, have been already mentioned. 
 Richard Sterne, bishop of Carlisle, who had been chaplain to Archbishop 
 
 ^ See Ricliardi Scrope, Archiepisc. Ebor. Arliculi aclversiis llemicum IV. Angliae Regeii). 
 Warton’s Anglia Sacra, pars ii. p. 362. ^ Eboraciun, |). 455. 
 
 ’ Some account of this prelate is given in the History of Winchester Cathedral. 
 
ARCHBISHOPS DOLBEN, LAMPLUGH, AND SHARP. 
 
 71 
 
 Laud, and attended him on the scaffold, succeeded Frewen. During the 
 common-wealth he was obliged to keep a school for his maintenance. He 
 wrote a treatise on logic, was one of the translators of the Polyglot Bible, 
 and is snp|)Osed to have been the author of the popular volume called 
 “ The whole Duty of Man." This see was, after his decease, bestowed 
 on John Dolben, bishop of Rochester, nephew of Archbishop Williams. 
 He had borne arms for Charles I. and was wounded both at the battle of 
 Marston-Moor, and in the defence of York. After his decease, in 1688, 
 the see remained vacant for two years. At the expiration of that period, 
 the Prince of Orange landed, when Thomas Lamplugh, bishop of Exeter, 
 after vainly endeavouring by his advice to sustain the cause of King James 
 in his own diocess, left it, and proceeded to London, where the falling 
 monarch rewarded his fidelity in a time of general defection by appointing 
 him to the see of York. He contributed, with the Earl of Strafford, to 
 the expense of replacing the organ, which had been removed in the reign 
 of Charles I.^ He made several liberal donations of ornaments for the 
 use of the church, erected the innermost rails of the altar, and paved the 
 enclosed space with black and white marble. 
 
 Dr. John Sharp, dean of Canterbury, succeeded Archbishop Lamplugh 
 in 1691. This eminent prelate was chiefly indebted for his success to the 
 patronage of Sir Heneage Finch, who, in 1672, obtained for him the arch¬ 
 deaconry of Berkshire. When Sir Heneage was made lord keeper, he 
 committed to Dr. Sharp the care of inquiring into the characters of all 
 candidates for benetices in the disposal of the seal; a delicate trust, which 
 he executed most conscientiously. He was afterwards chaplain to Charles 
 H. and to his successor. In the reign of James he boldly vindicated the 
 reformed religion, and successfully opposed the tyranny of the Roman 
 Catholic church. This conduct drew on him the king’s resentment; he 
 was suspended from the exercise of his functions, and otherwise perse¬ 
 cuted. In officiating before the Prince of Orange and the Convention, he 
 prayed for King James; which circumstance at first gave some offence, 
 
 * Drake’s Eboracuni, p. 522. 
 
72 
 
 YORK CATHEDRAL. 
 
 but was satisfactorily explained by the archbishop, whose character was 
 in the highest estimation. He was promoted to the deanery of Canter¬ 
 bury, November 25, 1689. He declined, from motives of delicacy, suc¬ 
 ceeding any of the bishops who were deprived for refusing to take the 
 oaths of allegiance to William and Mary ; but on the death of Lamplugh, 
 he was consecrated archbishop of York, in 1691. On the accession of 
 Queen Anne he was sworn a privy counsellor, and appointed lord almoner. 
 He opposed the intended promotion of Swift to an English mitre, caution¬ 
 ing the queen “ to be sure that the man whom she was going to make a 
 bishop, was at least a Christian.'' For this insinuation, it is said, he after¬ 
 wards asked Swift’s forgiveness. In 1713, finding his health decline, he 
 recommended Sir William Dawes, bishop of Chester, as his successor, and 
 soon afterwards died. He was the intimate friend of Tillotson, and it was 
 said of them, that the two rnetropolitical sees were filled by the two best 
 preachers of their time. His Sermons, in 7 vols. 8vo. have always been 
 admired. He also wrote “ Remarks on the English, Scots, and Irish 
 money®.” His life is impartially narrated in Todd’s Account of the Deans 
 of Canterbury. 
 
 Sir William Dawes, his successor, presided over this diocess about 
 ten years, generally honoured and respected. He was particularly dis¬ 
 tinguished in the parliamentary debates of his time, without attaching 
 himself to any party. He wrote a poem called “ An Anatomy of Atheism,” 
 and several theological works, which, with a memoir of his life, were pub¬ 
 lished in 3 vols. in 1773. 
 
 Lancelot Blackburne, bishop of Exeter, was then promoted to York. 
 He was succeeded by Thomas Herring, bishop of Bangor, who obtained 
 this preferment through the unsolicited recommendation of the lord chan¬ 
 cellor, Hardwick. His excellent sermons, delivered at Lincoln’s Inn 
 Chapel, had procured him the friendship and esteem of the chancellor. 
 On the commencement of the rebellion, in 1745, this prelate exerted 
 himself most strenuously in defence of the religion he professed, and the 
 
 Published in Nichols’s Bibliotheca Topographica Britannica, vol. vi. 
 
ARCHBISHOPS HUTTON, GILBERT, DRUMMOND, MARKHAM, ETC. 
 
 73 
 
 iiioiiarch to whom he had sworn allegiance. He was rewarded, in 1747, 
 by translation to the see of Canterbury, and Dr. Matthew Hutton, bishop 
 of Bangor, w as appointed to this see; whence, upon the death of Arch¬ 
 bishop Herring, he was translated to that of Canterbury. Dr. John Gil¬ 
 bert, bishop of Salisbury, was then promoted to York^. He was suc¬ 
 ceeded by the Hon. Robert Hay Drummond, who was also promoted 
 from Salisbury. On his death, in 1776, William Markham, bishop of 
 Chester, w as advanced to the see of York^ over which he presided thirty- 
 one years, universally beloved for his benevolent and amiable disposition. 
 After having successively presided over the great seminaries of West¬ 
 minster and Christchurch, his amiable character and extensive learning 
 recommended him as worthy to direct the education of their Royal High¬ 
 nesses the Prince Regent and the Duke of York ; an event which led to 
 that rank which he so honourably reached and so creditably filled. By 
 his assistance the churches of York, Ripon, and Southwell were repaired, 
 ornamented, and beautified. He died, Novembers, 1807, in his eighty- 
 ninth year, and was buried in the cloisters at Westminster Abbey®. 
 
 Upon the death of Archbishop Markham, the present noble prelate, 
 Edward Venables Vernon, then bishop of Carlisle, was translated hither. 
 His grace was born in 1757, educated at Westminster school, and after¬ 
 wards removed to Christchurch, Oxford. He next became fellow of 
 All Souls College, chaplain to the king, and prebendary of Gloucester, 
 canon of Christchurch in 1785, and in 1791 bishop of Carlisle, 
 
 ’ See History, &c. of Salisbury Cathedral. 
 
 ® This eminent prelate was a native of Ireland, and born in 1724. He became head master 
 of Westminster school in 1753, and obtained the deanery of Rochester in 1765. In 1767, he 
 was presented to the deanery of Christchurch. He was chaplain to King George H. and also to 
 his present majesty. In 1771 he was advanced to the see of Chester, and in 1776 translated to 
 the archbishopric of York, on the death of Dr. Drummond, and appointed lord high almoner to 
 the king, and visitor of Queen’s College, Oxford. 
 
 ® Gentleman s Magazine, for November, 1807. 
 
74 
 
 YORK CATHEDRAL. 
 
 DESCRIPTION OF, AND REFERENCES TO THE PLATES. 
 
 Plate I. Ground Plan of the Whole Church, with references to the 
 monuments, indications of groining, plans of some columns, to a large 
 scale, and horizontal measurements of the edifice. The roman capitals, 
 from A. to w. refer to different members and parts of the church ; and the 
 small letters to sites of monuments, &c. The three door-ways in the 
 western front are pointed out a. b. c., whilst d. d. shows the nave, e. e. 
 the ailes, and e*. e**. the bases of the two towers :—f. north transept, 
 with its two ailes i.and k.: —o. the south transept, with its ailes i. and k. ; 
 — the south aile to the choir is marked l. l., whilst m. m. shows the north 
 aile :— n. the organ-screen :—o. the altar :— p. space behind the altar, some¬ 
 times called the Lady chapel :—q. r. vestibule to the chapter-house: — s. t. 
 and u. vestries, formerly chapels :—v. consistory court:—^w. record-room. 
 
 The figures i. ii. iii. iv. and v. in Plan, refer to corresponding figures 
 at the sides, where the plans of the columns, &c. are defined more at large. 
 
 The small letters refer to the sites of the following tombs, &c.—a. Arch¬ 
 bishop Grey :—b. Archbishop Kimeton;—c. Font:—d. Treasurer Haxley: 
 —e. Archbishop Grenfeld:—f. Prince William de Hatfield’s eflSgy, &c. an 
 elevation of which is given in the centre compartment of Plate XXXIV:— 
 g. door-way, near which is affixed the table of foundations, and the monu¬ 
 ment of Dean Higdon :—h. Sir Henry Bellasis:—j. Chancellor Swinburne : 
 —k. Charles Howard, Earl of Carlisle:—1. the Hon. Henry Medley; Dr. 
 John Dalby’s monument; Sir George Saville’s, Bart, monument:—m. Arch¬ 
 bishop Sterne’s monument:—n. Countess of Cumberland :—o*. Archbishop 
 Scrope’s tomb :—o. Archbishop Rotherham :—p. Archbishop Frewen:—q. 
 Archbishop Matthews:—r. Archbishop Sewal’s^tomb:—s. Archbishop 
 Sharp ; near it is a tomb to Dean Finch and his brother, the Rev. Edward 
 Finch, residentiary :—t. Archbishop Bowet’s splendid monument; near it is 
 a tomb to the Hon. T. Watson Wentworth :—u. Archbishop Piers:—v. Wm. 
 Wentworth, Earl of Stafford, near it a monument by R. Westmacott, R. A. 
 to Wm. Burgh, LL. D.:—w. Archbishop Lamplugh, and near it a monument 
 
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DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES. 
 
 75 
 
 to Archbishop Hutton:—x. Sir Wm. Gee:—y. Archbishop Dolben :—z. 
 Jane Hodson; opposite to which is a large monument to Archbishop Savage. 
 —1. south entrance door-way :—2. staircase to record-room :—3. door-way 
 from north transept:—4. door-way from east aile of the same:—5, door-way 
 to vestibule of chapter-house:—6. door-way to chapter-house:—7. St. 
 Peter’s pump :—8. door-way to vestry. 
 
 Plate II. Plan and capitals of columns in crypt. The letters a. b. c. u. 
 E. F. and G. mutually refer to each other :— h. h. plans of columns in choir : 
 —I. I. stairs from ailes to crypt:— k. a lavatory :— l. altar, &c. 
 
 Plate III. View of the crypt, looking north, in the execution of which 
 the draftsman has endeavoured to imitate the effect as well as the archi¬ 
 tecture. In the fore-ground is a stone with the word civitati. 
 
 Plate IV. shows part of the north aile and clerestory of the nave;— 
 the north side of the central tower;—the north transept;—the vestibule to 
 the chapter-house;—and the chapter-house. 
 
 Plate V. displays the chapter-house, from the north-east;—the centre 
 tower;—the north small transept, and part of the north side of the choir. 
 
 Plate VI. View of the east end, from an imaginary station. Seep. 44. 
 
 Plate VII. View of the whole church, also taken from an imaginary 
 station, at some distance from the south-east angle. It represents the east 
 end, in perspective;—the whole south side of the choir, with the small 
 transept, and the vestries ;—the east and south sides of the south transept; 
 —two sides of the centre tower;—and the two western toweis. 
 
 Plate VIII. shows the chief elevation of the south transept, with the 
 character and details of its buttresses, door-way, windows, pinnacles, &c. 
 also the small transept, and parts of the south side of the choir. The 
 perspective of the circular window, in this view, has been censured as 
 inaccurately drawn;—I own it is rather unpleasing to the eye; but the 
 very skilful artist who drew it, avers that he has delineated the leading 
 lines by perspective rules ; and that he can vouch for their accuracy. 
 
 Plate IX. displays the splendid circular, or wheel window, with its 
 members and ornamental mouldings, more at large. The raking moulding 
 of the pediment is adorned with two different ornaments; and the small 
 
 K 
 
76 
 
 YORK CATHEDRAL. 
 
 triangular window in the centre, as well as the niches in the spandrils, 
 are charged with an ornament which was very commonly used in the 
 architecture of the early part of the thirteenth century;—in the back 
 ground of the gable is seen part of the tower. 
 
 Plate X. View of the splendid west front, which has been noticed, p. 30. 
 
 Plate XI. View of the great western door-way, with the niches at the 
 sides, and above it; also a view into the nave, already noticed, p. 40. 
 
 Plate XII. has been described, p. 37. 
 
 Plate XIII. View of part of the north transept, looking across under 
 the lantern to the south transept. Although much labour and skill has 
 been employed on this plate, it is not successful. From a peculiar quality 
 of copper, or ingredient in its composition, the engraver found it impos¬ 
 sible to produce those nice gradations and tones of colour, which were 
 requisite to give a pleasing variety and effect to the view. From this 
 specimen, and the view of the crypt, it may be inferred, that it is not 
 judicious to attempt dark effects in representing interiors of buildings. 
 
 Plate XIV. Elevation of vestibule to chapter-house;—of the west 
 side of the north transept, with half of the west face of the centre tower;— 
 and section of the north aile and north walls of the nave, and of the nave; 
 also elevation of the eastern side of the south transept, with sections of 
 the south wall of the centre tower and roof, and south end of the south 
 transept. The architect will readily understand and appreciate this mode 
 of dissecting a building, and well knows that it is the only satisfactory way 
 of showing the true forms and proportions of arches, columns, windows, 
 &c. Indeed such engravings render description almost unnecessary, and 
 when studied and fully appreciated by antiquaries, will prevent much 
 futile and irrelevant disputation about the forms of pointed, semicircular, 
 and other arches. The letters refer as follows:—a. three different win¬ 
 dows, with intermediate buttresses of the vestibule to the chapter-house: 
 —b. side aile and clerestory of the north transept:—c. entrance door-way, 
 with buttress of the aile built over it:—d. north aile of nave, with view 
 into the aile of the choir :—e. and g. great piers of tower:—f. organ-screen, 
 with organ; beyond which is shown the fine east window:—h. stone 
 screen, with door-way to the south aile of the choir:—i. arch, now closed 
 
DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES. 
 
 77 
 
 up, to serve as a buttress to the tower:—k. Archbishop Grey’s Monu¬ 
 ment:—1, section of south porch, with the walls and windows above. 
 
 Plate XV. contains an elevation of one compartment of the south 
 transept, exterior and interior. 
 
 Plate XVI. View of the nave, looking east, shows the style and 
 character of this portion of the cathedral. A very slight effect of light and 
 shade has been designedly given to this plate, and, I hope, to the satis¬ 
 faction of the judicious critic. 
 
 Plate XVII. has been described in p. 59. 
 
 Plate XVIII. An elevation, interior and exterior, of one compartment 
 of the nave, in which the beautiful parapets are shown as nearly perfect. 
 
 Plate XIX. West end. The architectural and decorated character of 
 this splendid example of ecclesiastical architecture, is carefully and 
 accurately delineated in this plate; and it may be confidently said, that 
 it has never before been faithfully displayed to the public. It is a truly 
 exquisite and interesting specimen of this decorated style, and therefore 
 deserving not only of minute representation, but diligent study and admi¬ 
 ration. The plan shows the forms and proportion of the buttresses, door¬ 
 ways, windows, and clustered columns; the panelling of the interior walls, 
 the niches in the buttresses, the steps, and the disposition of the groining 
 of the nave:~a. stair-case at south-west angle:—b. door-way to the south 
 aile:—a. centre door-way:—c. door-way to north aile:—d. stair-case:— 
 f. stair-case, cut in a buttress on the north side, and which appears to 
 have belonged to an extraneous building. 
 
 Plate XX. details:— a. a statue with pedestal and canopy:—two 
 shields of arms, and fragments of two statues over a door, from the north 
 aile of nave:—B. c. sculpture over the doors at the west end, interior:— 
 D. and F. fragments of sculpture in niches, at the west end:— e. a bracket. 
 
 Plate XXI. View in the north aile oj the nave, looking west, showing 
 the style of the panelling, &c. beneath the windows; also the door-way 
 and window at the west end of the aile. On the right hand is the niche 
 containing the tomb, said to enclose the remains of Archbishop Roger. 
 
 Plate XXII. Perspective elevation of the door-w ay in the organ-screen, 
 with the effigies of King John and Henry III. See p. 50. 
 
78 
 
 YORK CATHEDRAL. 
 
 Plate XXIII. A view of the choir, looking east, displays the style 
 of architecture and the stall-work of this very splendid part of the cathe¬ 
 dral. As this view embraces such a profusion of ornaments, it has been 
 deemed most advisable to leave the plate in outline, rather than attempt 
 to give effect by covering over any parts. 
 
 Plate XXIV. Elevation of one compartment of the choir, or rather 
 south side of the east end. 
 
 Plate XXV. Elevation and section of the centre part of the east end, 
 showing the mullions and ramifications of the great window, the niches 
 beneath, and at the sides, with indications of the subjects in the glass. 
 
 Plate XXVI. View of Archbishop Jiowet's elegant monument, looking 
 north-west. See p. 60. 
 
 Plate XXVII. Elevation of the door-way to the chapter-house, with 
 one door open, to show part of the stalls and window within, and the 
 other door closed to represent the richly wrought iron-work. 
 
 Plate XXVIII. Elevation and section of the end of the north transept, 
 with plan. See p. 44. 
 
 Plate XXIX. View of Archbishop Savage’s Monument. See p. 60. 
 
 Plate XXXI. Capitals and pendants in the chapter-house. See p. 56. 
 
 Plate XXXII. Windows in the chapter-house. No. 1; and in the vesti¬ 
 bule, No. 2; with plans of each, No. 1. a: —plan of pier, with a passage 
 behind it, b : —principal mullion, c.; the plans of which are drawn more at 
 large at a. b. and c. at the upper part of No. 2. At e. is shown a plan of 
 three of the niches, with their detached columns of marble, and groining 
 beneath the canopies. The windows, f. g. No. 2, show singular varieties 
 of the forms of the arch, and tracery : —d. plan of pier. 
 
 Plate XXXIII. Architectural details from different parts of the build¬ 
 ing; the names of which are inscribed to each. 
 
 Plate XXXIV. Elevation of a stall m. the choir:—of a compartment in 
 the north aile of the choir, at f. in the ground plan :—and of one compart¬ 
 ment of the altar-screen. 
 
 Plate XXXVI. Effigies of Archbishop Grey, a. See p. 59 :—of Savage, 
 B. See p. 60 : — and of Mauley. See p. 61. 
 
'ATIHLEIIijaAJL TITHE 
 
 (nATTIHIllIKIEA'JL (DllIIIJIEiSIHl, 
 
w • 
 
 
 . 
 
 I 
 
 
 5 
 
 (■r 
 
 
 ‘i 
 
 ■•ji 
 
 ■"1 
 
 5 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 OF DOCUMENTS RELATING TO THE ERECTION OF YORK CATHEDRAL, FROM 
 
 THE CHAPTER ARCHIVES. 
 
 I. 
 
 Iq the Register of Archbishop Walter Grey, called Rotulus Major, is an imperfect instru¬ 
 ment, dated at “ Sireburn, V. Kal. Augusti Anno XI.” (1227) by which the Archbishop requires 
 the clergy of the diocess to contribute towards the expenses of building the church, and exhorts 
 the laity to assist in the same contribution. Adam, a priest, is mentioned as the Archbishop’s 
 proctor on this occasion, who was to give all explanations requisite on the subject of a relaxa¬ 
 tion, or indulgence of XL. days, but which is obscurely alluded to in the document. 
 
 II. 
 
 An Act of the Chapter, dated February 13, 1361, recites the imposition of a tax of the 
 twentieth part of all ecclesiastical revenues, &c. for the necessary reparation and restoration of 
 “ immense defects” in the choir, &c. 
 
 III. 
 
 A Record in Registrum Admissionum, Ac. “ ah anno 1352, ad annum 1426,” recites the 
 indulgences granted by Innocent VI.' and a further relaxation granted by Urban V. of one year 
 to all true penitents wlio assisted in building the Choir. 
 
 IV. 
 
 By an Indenture, dated July 20, 1361, Archbishop John Thoresby, and the Dean iiid Chapter, 
 agree to demolish the remains of the archiepiscopal mansion at Shireburn, and to use the stone 
 in the erection of the Choir. 
 
 V. 
 
 AGREEMENT WITH A PLUMBER. 
 
 H ec Indentura testatur, quod Johannes Plomer tie Blaykestret operabitur in opere Plumbarii, 
 propriis suis manibus & non per substitam personam, in coopertura Ecclesie beati Petri Ebor. 
 Campanilis Berefridi, Chori, Capituli A Pinniculorum sive Turrium ejusdem ecclesie, quocies- 
 cumque quecumque de cetcro necesse fuerit aut delectus apparuerit in eisdem, aut aliqua parte 
 ipsarum, A per Magistrum Fabrice ejusdem ecclesie aut alium ex parte sua fuerit requisitus ; 
 capiendo ebdomada qualibet qua in opere predicto laboraverit a dicto Magistro operis, duos 
 solidos sex denarios argenti pro stipendio, et pro labore suo, sine aliquo alio amplius exigendo, 
 
 ‘ These indulgences were for two years, and two terms of forty days each (duas quadragcnus). Tlie latter are 
 erroneously mentioned in Drake's Eboractim, as two quarters of a year; and the mistake has been inadvertently 
 followed in p. 31 of this work. 
 
80 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 nisi forsan Domini de Capitulo predicto considei’ata operis sui quantitate, uberiorem remunera- 
 cionem sibi de gracia facere voluerint. et si dictus Johannes per diettas vel vices in opere predicto 
 laboraverit, recipiet pro dieta secundum ratam sive porcionem summe predicte taliter limitate 
 nec araplius. idem Johannes quocumque anni tempore poterit vendicare sic tamen aliquo tempore 
 anni intermedio fabrica predicta ejus labore vel emendacione non indigeat, petita prius licentia a 
 Capitulo sive Magistro operis & obtenta, licite poterit alibi operari & commodum sunm facere 
 prout sibi videbitur expedire. Ita tamen quod ad reparacionem & emendacionem dicte fabrice 
 statim & sine difficultate redeat qu.. .cumque opus eo fuerit et per Magistrum operis sicut premitti- 
 tur fuerit requisitus. Supradictum eciam opus quociescumque necesse fuerit bene et fideliter et 
 absque omni dolo et fraude faciet diligenter et expediet ac Plumbum et Stannum ecclesie & 
 (juicquid ad opus predictum pertinuerit, confirmabit & non alibi quam in ipso opere vel idem 
 illud aliquo tempore distribuet . . . nec expendet. Dated 1367. 
 
 VI. 
 
 ANOTHER AGREEMENT WITH A PLUMBER. 
 
 Hec Indentura facta inter venerabilem Capitulum Ebor. [Decno ejusdem in remotis agente, 
 ex una parte], & Johannem Jilmm Ade le Plummer de Bevertaco ex altera parte, testatur : quod 
 idem Capitulum retinuerint dictum Johannem ad serviendum ecclesie Ebor. in officio plumbarii 
 ad terminum vite sue, in forma que sequitur. Primo quod idem Johannes teneatur ad cooperi- 
 endum Ecclesiam predictam, ac Berefridum & Domum Capitularem ejusdem, in coopertura 
 plumbi; ac defectus ibidem contingentes congrue emendare, quociescumque opus fuerit. Et 
 habebit dictus Johannes pro quolibet folher plumbi, continente centum & quater viginti petras de 
 novo fundendum ; et in coopertura dicte Ecclesie, seu Berefridi, & Domus Capitularis, debite 
 apponendam, septem solidos sex denarios, per manus Magistri fabrice, qui pro tempore fuerit. 
 Item habebit pro qualibet roda cooperienda supra dictis Ecclesia, Berefrida, et Domo Capitulari, 
 continente viginti pedes mensurandas per ulnam usualem in longitudiue & latitudine amovenda 
 & de novo supra eandem Ecclesiam sive Berefridum & Domum Capitularem septem solidos sex 
 denarios. Et cum contingit quod plumbum de novo operatus fuerit ad cooperiendum campanile 
 dicte ecclesie vel illam partem Berefridi vocatam Broche, tunc percipiet pro singulis fother & 
 rodis secundum formam predictam operandis, tresdecim solidos & quatuor denarios.—Dated at 
 York, 1370. 
 
 VII. 
 
 ORDERS FOR THE REGULATION OF THE MASON’S WORK, &C. 
 
 Itte es ordayned by ye Chapitre of ye Kirk of Saint Petyr of York yat all ye Masonnes yt 
 sail' wyrke tilP ye werke of ye same Kyrk of Saynte Petyr, sail fra Mighelmesse-day untill ye 
 lirste sonday of lentyn be ilk a day atte raorne atte yaire werk in ye loge yat es ordayned to ye 
 masonnes at wyrke inwith^ ye close bysyde ye forsayde Kyrk als"* arly als yai may see skilfully 
 by day lyghte for till wyrke. and yai sail stande yar trewly wyrkande atte yaire werke all ye day 
 aflyr als lang als yai may se skilfully for tilP wyrke yf yt be alle werkday outlier elles till itte be 
 hegh none sniytyn by ye clocke. When halyday falles atte none sauf y' inwith y‘ forsayde 
 tyme bytwyn Mighelmes & Lentyn, and in all other tyme of ye yer yai may dyne before none 
 yf yai wille, and alswaette atte none Whar yanie likes swa y' yai sail noghte dwell® fra yair 
 werk in ye forsayde loge na tyme of ye yer in dyner tyme, bote swa schort tyme yat na skilful- 
 
 * Shull. - At. ^ Within. ^ As. ^ To. Till is yet used in this sense in the North. ® Absent themselves. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 81 
 
 man sail fynde defaute in yaire dwellyng, and in tyme of mete atte none yai sail na tyme of ye 
 yer dwell fra ye loges ue fra yaire Werke forsayde ovyr ye spaee of ye tyme of an houre. And 
 aftyr None yai maj"^ drynk in ye loge, ande for yaire drynkyng tyme bytwyn Miglielmes & Lentyn 
 yai sail noghte cese no lefe yaire werk passand ye tyme of half a Mileway Ande fra ye firste 
 Sonday of Lentyn untill Miglielmesse yai sail be in ye forsayde loge atte yaire werke atte ye son 
 risyng, ande stande yare trewly ande bysily wyrkande upon ye forsayde werke of ye Kyrk all 
 ye day untill itte be namare space yan tyme of a mileway before ye sone sette yf itte be workday, 
 outher elles untill tyme of none, als itte es sayde byfore; saf y yai sail bytwix ye firste sonday 
 of Lentyne ande Migbelmes, dyne and ette als es byfore sayde, ande slope ande drynke aftyr 
 none in ye forsayde loge, ande yai sail noghte cese no lefe yair werke in slepyng tyme passande 
 ye tyme of a mileway, no in drynkyng tyme aftyr none passande ye tyme of a mileway. Ande 
 yai sail noghte slepe aftyrenone na tyme botte bytwene saynte Elenues and Lammes, And yf 
 any mane dwell fra ye loge and fraye werk forsayde onther make defaute any tyme of ye yer 
 agayne yis forsayde ordinance, he sail be chastyde® with abatyng of his payment atte ye lokyng 
 ande devys of ye Maistyr Masonn. And all yer tymes ande houres sail by reweled® bi a bell 
 ordayned yarefore. Ande alswa it es ordayned y‘ na masonn sail be rcceavyde atte wyrke to ye 
 werk of ye forsayde kyrke bot he be first provede a weke or mare opon his wele wyrkyng, and 
 aftyr y‘ he es foundyn souffissant of his werke be receavyde of ye comune assente of ye Mayster 
 & ye kepers of ye werk, ande of ye maystyr masonn, & swere apon ye boke y‘ he sail trewly 
 ande bysyli at his power for, oute any mauer gylyry'® fayntys" outher desayte, hald and kepe 
 haly all ye poyntes of yis forsayde ordinance in all thynges y‘ hym touehes or may touches, fra 
 tyme y* he be receavyde till'^ ye forsayde werke als lang als he sail dwell masonn hyryd atte 
 wyrk, till” y' forsayde werke of ye kyrk of saint Petyr, And noght ga away fra y‘ forsayde 
 werke bote” ye maystyrs gyf hym lefe, atte parte fra y' forsayde werk [botte ye maystyrs gyf 
 hym lefe atte parte fray‘same werk”,] And wha sum evyr cum agayne'® yis ordinance ande 
 brek itte agayn'® ye will o ye forsayde Chapitre have he goddes malyson ” and saynt Petyrs, 
 [A“ Dni, 1371.] 
 
 VIII. 
 
 By an Indenture, dated A. D. 1338, Robert, a glazier contracted with Thomas Boneston, 
 Gustos of the fabric of the church, to glaze and paint the great western window; the glazier to 
 find the glass, and to be paid at the rate of sixpence per foot, for plain, and twelvepence for 
 coloured glass. These particulars are given in Torre’s MSS.; but the original document, although 
 referred to, cannot now he found. 
 
 IX. 
 
 By an Indenture, dated the 10th day of August, 1405, the substance of which is preserved in 
 Torre’s MSS. John Thornton, of Coventry, glazier, contracted with the Dean and Chapter for 
 glazing and painting the great eastern ivindow; the painting to be executed with his own hands ; 
 and the work to be finished in three years; for which he was to receive four shillings per week, 
 and one hundred shillings at the end of each of the three years: and if he performed the work to 
 the satisfaction of his employers, he was to receive the further sum of ten pounds, in silver. 
 
 ’’ The time supposed to be necessary to walk a mile in, perhaps twenty minutes. ® Cliastised. “ Ruled. 
 
 Guile; this old word is still familiar in many parts of the country. " Feints. ” Deceit. 
 
 To, as above. ” Unless. Repeated by mistake of the copyist. ‘® Against; the old word is yet used. 
 
 ” Malediction. 
 
A 
 
 TABLE OF FOUNDERS AND BENEFACTORS. 
 
 DRAWN UP 
 
 BY THE REV. T. GALE, S. T. P. DEAN OF YORK, 
 
 AND AFFIXED AT HIS EXPENSE IN THE NORTH AILE OF THE CHOIR. 
 
 ANNO DOM. MDCXCIX. 
 ECCLESI^ EBORACENSIS GRATITUDO. 
 
 FUNDATORES. 
 
 Anno Dom. 
 
 DCXXVII.Etlwynus, Northumbrorum rex, primus fundator. 
 
 DCXXXII.Oswaldus, Northumbrorum rex, secundus fundator. 
 
 DCLXVI.Wilfridus, Ebor. Archiep. tertius fundator. 
 
 DCCLXII.Albertus, Ebor. Archiep. cjuartus fundator, primus bibliothecam condidit. 
 
 MLXVIll.Thomas, Ebor. Archiep. quintus fundator. 
 
 REPARATORES. 
 
 MCLXXI.Rogerus, Ebor. Archiep. chorum novum jedificavit. 
 
 MCCXXVII.Walterus Gray, Ebor. Archiep. multhm promovit fabricam. 
 
 MCCL.Johannes Romanus, partem chori borealem et campanile in medio aedificavit. 
 
 MCCXCI...Johan. Romanus Ebor. Archiep. naveni ecclesi® inchoavit. 
 
 MCCCXXX ........Will, de Melton, Ebor. Archiep. navem ecclesice consummavit. 
 
 MCCCLXII.Johan. Thursby, inchoavit novum opus chori. 
 
 MCCCLXX.Walterus Skirlaw, Praebendarius de Fenton in hac ecclesia, postea episcopus 
 
 Dunelm. campanile aedificavit. 
 
 BENEFACTORES. 
 
 Decanus et capitulum, variis temporibus. 
 
 I Robertas Vavasor, miles. 
 
 T , ., y Will, de Perci, miles. 
 
 Incert.stemponbus..< ^g^ipon. 
 
 'Will. Fitz-Alice. 
 
 Richardus de Dalton. 
 
 MDCXXIX.Francisca Matthews, uxor T. Matthews Archiep. Ebor. 
 
 MDCXXXIII.Carolus I. rex Anglia;. 
 
 MDCXXXVIII... Arthurus Ingram, baronettus. 
 
 MDCLXXIII.Maria, Domina Beaumont. 
 
 MDCLXXXIII ...Ricardus Sterne, Aichiep. Ebor. 
 
 MDCLXXXVI....Thomas Cracroft, S. T. P. 
 
 MDCLXXXVI....Johannes Dolben, Archiep. Ebor. 
 
 MDCXCI.Thomas Lamplugh, Archiep. Ebor. 
 
 MDCXCV.Thomas, Comes Fauconberg. 
 
 MDCXCV.Williel. Comes Strafford, mille libras legavit. 
 
^ Cf)ronolo0ical fLi^t of ti&e of igorfe 
 
 VV I T H 
 
 CONTEMPORARY KINGS OF ENGLAND, AND POPES. 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 ARCHBISHOPS. 
 
 Paulinus. 
 
 [See vacant 34 years.] 
 Ceadda. 
 
 Wilfrid .. 
 
 Bosa. 
 
 Wilfrid restored 
 Bosa restored ... 
 
 John(St. Johnof Beverley) 
 
 Wilfrid II. 
 
 Egbert 
 
 Consecrated or Enthroned. 
 
 Died or Translated 
 
 Buried at 
 
 ^nglO'^a.xon Bgiiastg. 
 
 From , 
 
 Jnly 21, 625 
 
 Coena, Albert, or Adelbert 
 
 Eanbald . 
 
 Eanbald II. 
 
 Wulsius . 
 Wimund. 
 
 Wilfere .. 
 
 Ethelbald. 
 
 Redvvard, or Lodeward . 
 
 Wulstan. 
 
 Oscytell... 
 ,4thelwald . 
 
 . 665 
 
 . 669 
 
 . 678 
 
 . 686 
 
 . 691 
 
 . 705 
 
 . 718 
 
 . 731 
 
 April 24, 767 
 
 . 780 
 
 . Nov. 19, 797 
 
 To. 
 
 Oswald 
 
 Aldulfe 
 
 Wulstan II. 
 
 Alfrio Puttoc 
 
 Kinsius 
 Aldred . 
 
 . 832 
 
 . 854 
 
 . 895 
 
 . 921 
 
 . 941 
 
 . 955 
 
 . 971 
 
 $ Worcester, ) 
 
 I in cominendam C 
 Ditto . 993 
 
 971 
 
 Rochester . 031 > 
 
 Died.Oct. 10, 644$ 
 
 I Lichfield. 669 ) 
 
 ( Died .... March 2, 672 ^ 
 
 Retired. 678 
 
 Retired. 685 
 
 I E-vpelled. 698^ 
 
 ^Died. 709$ 
 
 Died. 705 
 
 Retired . 718) 
 
 Died.May 7, 721 ^ 
 
 . 731 
 
 .Nov. 19, 766 
 
 . 781 
 
 . 796 
 
 832 
 
 854 
 
 892 
 
 . Dec. 26, 955 
 
 . 971 
 
 Resigned. 971 
 
 .Feb. 27, 992-3 
 
 .May 6, 1002 
 
 Ditto .1003 
 
 .1023 
 
 .1050 
 
 .Worcester, 1061 
 
 May 28, 1023 
 
 1050 
 
 .Dec. 22, 1060 
 Sept. 11, 1069 
 L 
 
 Rochester 
 
 Lichfield. 
 
 Ripon.... 
 
 York. 
 
 Beverley 
 
 York ... 
 Chester 
 York ... 
 
 Oundle . 
 
 Worcester 
 
 Worcester 
 
 Ely. 
 
 Peterborough 
 
 Peterborough . 
 York . 
 
 Kings. 
 
 OF NORTHUMBRIA. 
 
 Edv 
 
 Oswyn. 
 
 Alcfrid. 
 
 Egfrid . 
 
 Alcfrid. 
 
 Osred . 
 
 Osric II.... 
 Coelwulph . 
 Ethelwuld . 
 Edelrid ... 
 .41red. 
 
 Popes. 
 
 Boniface V , 
 
 Vitalian. 
 
 OF ENGLAND. 
 
 Egbert . 
 
 Egbert, Ethelwulph ..... 
 (Ethelbald, Ethelbert,) 
 
 I Ethelred, Alfred.J 
 
 Alfred. 
 
 Edward the Elder. 
 
 5 .Uthelstan. ) 
 
 I Edmund I. Edred. $ 
 Edwy, Edgar. 
 
 Edgar. 
 
 Edw. Mart. Ethelred II. 
 
 Ethelred II. 
 
 f Ethelred If. Sweyn, ') 
 . Edmund Ironside .. ' 
 
 C Canute. } 
 
 ( Canute, Harold I. 4 
 
 J Hardicanute. ' 
 
 C Edward Confessor J 
 
 Edward Confessor. 
 
 I Edwai d Confessor, J 
 ( Harold II. Win.I. ) 
 
 Adeodatus. 
 John V. 
 Sergius I. 
 John VI 
 
 Gregory II. 
 Gregory III. 
 Paul I.‘ 
 Adrian. 
 
 Leo III. 
 
 Paschal I. 
 Gregory I\. 
 
 Leo I\. 
 
 Fonnosus. 
 John X. 
 
 Stephen I\. 
 
 Agapelus II. 
 John XIII. 
 
 John XIIl. 
 John XV. 
 
 •Silvester II. 
 
 Benedict V 111 
 
 Leo IX. 
 .\lexaiider II. 
 
84 
 
 No. 
 
 25 
 
 2(j 
 
 27 
 
 28 
 
 29 
 
 30 
 
 31 
 
 32 
 
 33 
 
 34 
 
 35 
 
 36 
 
 37 
 
 38 
 
 39 
 
 40 
 
 41 
 
 42 
 
 43 
 
 44 
 
 45 
 
 46 
 
 47 
 
 48 
 
 49 
 
 50 
 
 51 
 
 52 
 
 53 
 
 5 4 
 
 55 
 
 56 
 
 57 
 
 58 
 
 59 
 
 CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF ARCHBISHOPS, ETC 
 
 Consecrated or Enthroned. 
 
 From. To 
 
 Died or Translated 
 
 ^nglo=ilorman Bjinastg. 
 
 .1070 
 
 . Hereford, 1100 
 
 London, elected June, 1109 
 
 . Oct. 19, 1119 
 
 .1144 
 
 . 1148 
 
 Restored.1153 
 
 .Nov. 18, 1100 
 
 .May 21, 1108 
 
 .Feb. 19, 1114-5 
 
 f Resigned,Jan.21,1139 } 
 jDied, Feb. 5, 1139-40 S 
 
 Deprived. 1147 
 
 .Oct. 14, 1153 
 
 ... June 4, 1154 
 
 York. 
 
 York. 
 
 York . 
 
 Pontefract 
 
 York .. 
 
 York . 
 
 ^axon Hire IHEStortlj. 
 
 Oct. 10, 1154 .Nov. 22, 1181 York 
 
 Lincoln.Aug. 18, 1191 
 
 Worcester, Nov. 11, 
 
 .July 23, 
 
 .Sept. 23, 
 
 Balh&Wells,Oct.l5, 
 
 .Sept. 19, 
 
 .Feb. 10, 
 
 .June 24, 
 
 .Feb. 28, 
 
 . Jan. 30, 
 
 .Sept, 25, 
 
 1215 
 
 1256 
 
 1258 
 
 1265 
 
 1279 
 
 1286 
 
 1298 
 
 1299 
 1305 
 1317 
 
 .Dec. 18, 1212 
 
 .May 1, 1255 
 
 .May 10, 1258 
 
 .Jan. 12, 1264 
 
 .... April 25, 1279 
 
 .Aug. 26, 1285 
 
 , March 11, 1295-6 
 
 .Aug. 15, 1299 
 
 .... Sept. 22, 1303 
 
 .Dec. 16, 1315 
 
 .April 5, 1340 
 
 York . 
 
 York . 
 
 York . 
 
 York . 
 
 Pontiniac . 
 
 York . 
 
 York . 
 
 Southwell. 
 York M... 
 York . 
 
 Hancastnan ILire. 
 
 ..July 6, 1342 
 
 Worcester...Sept. 8, 1354 
 
 .Dec. 18, 1374 
 
 Ely.March 25, 1389 
 
 (Chichester,'), 
 
 •!, . >Jan.l3,1397 
 
 (temp, rest.l 
 
 Lichfield.July 6, 1398 
 
 Bath & Wells, Dec. 9,1408 
 London.April, 1426 
 
 July 19, 1352 
 . Nov. 6, 1373 
 
 ws.1388 ) 
 
 ..May, 1392 S 
 
 1 
 
 York . 
 
 York . 
 
 Lovaine. 
 
 May 29, 1398 
 
 Westminster. 
 
 
 York . 
 
 Oct. 20, 1423 
 
 York M. 
 
 . 1451 
 
 Canterbury. 
 
 ^ousE of |3or6. 
 
 Lichfield.Sept. 4, 1453 
 
 Exeter.1465 
 
 Durham.Sept. 8, 1476 
 
 Lincoln.Sept. 3, 1480 
 
 Sept. 20, 1464 
 ... June 8, 1476 
 ,. May 19, 1480 
 
 .. May 29, 1500 
 
 l^ousE of Siibor. 
 
 London......April 12, 1501 
 
 Durham.Sept. 12, 1-508 
 
 Lincoln.Aug. 5, 1514 
 
 .Dec. 10, 1531 
 
 Llandaft'... Jan 16. 1544-5 
 
 .Sept. 2, 1507 
 
 . July 14, 1514 
 
 .Nov, 29, 1530 
 
 . Sept. 13, 1544 
 
 Deprived. 1553 
 
 Southwell 
 
 York . 
 
 Southwell 
 
 York . 
 
 York .... 
 Rome .. 
 Leicester 
 
 York .... 
 
 Kings. 
 
 William I. and II. 
 
 Henry I. 
 
 Henry I. 
 
 Henry I. Stephen 
 
 Stephen. 
 
 Stephen . 
 
 Henry II. 
 
 Henry II. Rich. I. John 
 
 John, Henry III. 
 
 Henry III. 
 
 Henry III. 
 
 Henry III. Edward I_ 
 
 Edward I. 
 
 Edward I. 
 
 Edward I. 
 
 Edward I. 
 
 Edward I, and II. 
 
 Edward II. and III. 
 
 Edward III. .. . 
 
 Edward III. 
 
 Edward III. Richard II. 
 
 Richard II. 
 
 Richard II. 
 
 Richard II. Hen. IV.... 
 
 Henry IV. and V. 
 
 Henry V. and VI. 
 
 Henry VI. Edward IV. 
 
 Edward IV. 
 
 Edward IV. 
 
 ("Edward IV. and V. J 
 fRich. III. Hen. Vll.j 
 
 Henry VII. 
 
 Henry VII. and VIII... 
 
 Henry VIll. 
 
 Henry VIII. 
 
 (Henry VHI. 
 
 ^Edward VI. Mary 
 
 Popes. 
 
 Alexander II. 
 Paschal II. 
 Paschal II. 
 
 Calixtus H. 
 
 Lucius II. 
 Eugenius 111. 
 Anastasius 1\'. 
 
 Adrian IV. 
 
 Clement III. 
 
 Innocent III. 
 Alexander IV. 
 Alexander IV. 
 Clement IV'^. 
 Nicholas III. 
 Honorius IV. 
 Boniface VIII. 
 Boniface VIII. 
 Clement V. 
 John XXII. 
 
 Benedict XII. 
 Innocent VI. 
 
 Gregory XI. 
 Boniface IX. 
 Boniface IX. 
 
 Boniface IX. 
 Gregory XII. 
 Martin V. 
 
 Nicholas V. 
 Paul II. 
 Sixtus IV. 
 
 Sixtus IV. 
 
 Alexander VI. 
 Julius II. 
 
 Leo X. 
 Clement VH. 
 
 Paul III. 
 
CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF ARCHBISHOPS, ETC 
 
 8 
 
 No. 
 
 CO 
 
 Cl 
 
 C2 
 
 C3 
 
 Cl 
 
 65 
 
 C6 
 
 67 
 
 C8 
 
 C9 
 
 70 
 
 71 
 
 72 
 
 73 
 71 
 75 
 
 76 
 
 77 
 
 78 
 
 79 
 
 80 
 81 
 82 
 83 
 
 ARCHBISHOPS. 
 
 Consecrated or Enthroned. 
 
 Died or Translated 
 
 Buried at 
 
 Kings. 
 
 Nicholas Heath . 
 
 Thomas Young . 
 
 Edmund Grindall. 
 
 Edwin Sandys. 
 
 John Piers. 
 
 Matthew Hutton. 
 
 
 To . 
 
 Cobh am. 
 
 York . 
 
 Croydon . 
 
 Southwell. 
 
 York . 
 
 York . 
 
 Mary, Elizabeth. 
 
 Elizabeth. 
 
 Elizabeth. 
 
 Elizabeth. 
 
 Elizabeth. 
 
 Elizabeth, James I. 
 
 Worcester,Feb. 19,1555-6 
 
 St. David’s, Feb.25,1560-1 
 
 London.June 9, 1570 
 
 London .... Jan. 25, 1576-7 
 Salisbury, Feb. 27, 1558-9 
 Durham, March 24, 1594-5 
 
 5 Deprived.1558 } 
 
 1 Died.1579$ 
 
 5Cantb.Feb.24,1575-6J 
 
 1 Died.July 6, 1583 J 
 
 l^ousc of Stuart. 
 
 Tobias Mattliew. 
 
 George Montaigne. 
 
 Samuel Harsnett. 
 
 Richard Neill. 
 
 John Williams . 
 
 [Vacant 10 years.] 
 
 .4ccepted Frewen. 
 
 Richard Sterne . 
 
 John Dolben. 
 
 Thomas Lamplugh. 
 
 John Sharp . 
 
 Durham.Sept, ll, 1C06 
 
 Durham.Oct. 24, 1628 
 
 Norwich.... April 23, 1629 
 Winchester, April 16,1632 
 Lincoln.June 27, 1642 
 
 Lichfield.Oct. 11, 1660 
 
 Carlisle.June 10, 1664 
 
 Rochester...Aug. 23, 1683 
 
 Exeter.Dec. 19, 1688 
 
 .July 16, 1691 
 
 March 29, 1628 
 ... Nov. 6, 1628 
 .. May 18, 1631 
 .. Oct. 31, 1640 
 March 25, 1650 
 
 March 28, 1664 
 .. June 18, 1683 
 . April 11, 1686 
 
 _May 5, 1691 
 
 . Feb. 2, 1713-4 
 
 York . 
 
 Cawood ... 
 Chigwell.. 
 
 York . 
 
 Llandegay 
 
 James I. Charles I. 
 Charles I. 
 
 Charles I. 
 
 Charles I. 
 
 Charles I. 
 
 York 
 
 York 
 
 York 
 
 York 
 
 York 
 
 Charles II. 
 
 Charles 11. 
 
 Charles II. James II. 
 William and Mary. 
 William and Mary, Anne. 
 
 I^ouse of 23runstottf{. 
 
 Sir William Dawes. 
 
 Lancelot Blackburn. 
 
 Thomas Herring. 
 
 Matthew Hutton. 
 
 John Gilbert . 
 
 Robert Hay Drummond ... 
 
 W illiam Markham. 
 
 Edward Venables Vernon 
 
 Chester, March 24, 1713-4 
 Exeter.Dec. 10, 1724 
 
 Bangor.April 28, 1743 
 
 Bangor.Dec. 29, 1747 
 
 Salisbury .... May 28, 1757 
 
 Salisbury_Nov. 11, 1761 
 
 Chester.Jan. 28, 1777 
 
 Carlisle.Jan. 21, 1808 
 
 . April 30, 1724 
 
 . 1743 
 
 Canterbury. 1747 J 
 
 Died, March 13, 1757) 
 
 Canterbury. 1757 } 
 
 Died, March 19, 1758 $ 
 
 . 1761 
 
 .. .Dec. 10, 1776 
 
 .Nov. 3, 1807 
 
 Cambridge . 
 
 St. Margaret’s ,) 
 Westminster J 
 
 Croydon . 
 
 Bisliopsthorpe 
 
 Westminster.. 
 
 George I. 
 
 George I. and II. 
 
 George II. 
 
 George II. 
 
 George II. and III. 
 George HI. 
 
 George III. 
 
Cfjronologtral of Jioano of ^oi*K 
 
 This Catalogue, which differs in several particulars from those printed by Le Neve and Willis, has been taken from Torre’s list, 
 which is copied by Drake, as being the most authentic.—Many of the Deans were men of rank in their respective times, 
 and from the York Deanry were advanced to some of the first places in church and state. 
 
 No. 
 
 ] 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 25 
 
 26 
 
 27 
 
 28 
 
 29 
 
 30 
 
 31 
 
 32 
 
 33 
 
 DEANS. 
 
 Hugh. 
 
 William de St. Barbara... 
 
 Robert de Gant. 
 
 Robert Botevillin . 
 
 Hubert Walter. 
 
 Henry Marshall. 
 
 Simon de Apulia. 
 
 Hamo . 
 
 Roger de Insula. 
 
 Geoffiy de Norwych. 
 
 Fulk Bassett. 
 
 William. 
 
 Walter de Kyrkham. 
 
 Sewal de Bovil. 
 
 Godfrey de Ludham (or ^ 
 
 Keynton). 5 
 
 Roger de Holdernes. 
 
 William de Langueton ^... 
 Robert de Scardeburgh .... 
 
 Henry de Newark. 
 
 William de Hamelton^ ... 
 Reginaldde Gote Cardinal is 
 
 William de Pykering. 
 
 Robt. de Pykerings, P.C.L. 
 
 William de Colby. 
 
 William de la Zouch. 
 
 Philip de Weston. 
 
 Tailerand, Bp. of Albanen. 
 John Anglicus, Cardinalis. 
 Adam Easton, Cardinalis .. 
 Edmd. de Strafford, L.L.D. 
 
 Roger Walden . 
 
 Richard Clifford, Bac.Leg. 
 
 Thomas Langley '•. 
 
 34 John Prophete. 
 
 Thomas Poitou. 
 
 William Grey, L. L. D. 
 
 Temp. W. H... 
 Temp. K. Step.' 
 . 1144 
 
 Appointed. 
 
 1186 
 
 1189 
 
 1191 
 
 1214 
 
 12 — 
 
 1235 
 
 1240 
 
 1244 
 
 124 
 
 125- 
 
 1256 
 
 1258 
 
 126- 
 1279 
 1290 
 1298 
 
 1309 
 
 1310 
 1312 
 
 1332 
 
 1333 
 1347 
 135- 
 1366 
 1381 
 1385 
 139- 
 1.398 
 1401 
 
 . 1407 
 1416 
 . 1421 
 
 Died, or removed. 
 
 Bishop of Durham 
 
 . Died 
 
 Bishop of Salisbury 
 Bishop of Exeter... 
 Bishop of Exeter... 
 
 Bishop of London.. 
 
 Archbishop of York 
 Archbishop of York 
 
 . Died 
 
 . Died 
 
 Archbishop .... 
 
 . Died 
 
 . Died 
 
 . Died 
 
 Archbishop..., 
 
 . Died 
 
 . Deprived 
 
 .. Deprived 
 
 Archb. of Canterb. 
 Bp. of Worcester.. 
 Bishop of Durham 
 . Died 
 
 Bishop of London . 
 
 
 No. 
 
 DEANS. 
 
 
 37 
 
 Robert Gilbert, S. T. P. ... 
 
 1142 
 
 38 
 
 Wm. Felter, Dec. Dr. 
 
 
 39 
 
 Richard Andrews'^, L.L.D. 
 
 1186 
 
 40 
 
 Robert Bothe, L. L. D. 
 
 1189 
 
 41 
 
 1 Christopher Urswyk, ) 
 
 1191 
 
 f Dec. Dr. S 
 
 1214 
 
 42 
 
 Wm. Sheffield®, Dec. Dr.. 
 
 
 43 
 
 Geffrey Blythe, S. T. B.... 
 
 
 44 
 
 Christ. Baynbrigge,L.L.D. 
 
 1244 
 
 45 
 
 James Harrington. 
 
 
 46 
 
 Thomas Wolsey. 
 
 1256 
 
 47 
 
 John Young 7. 
 
 1258 
 
 48 
 
 Brian Higden^, L. L. D.... 
 
 49 
 
 Richard Layton, L. L. D_ 
 
 
 50 
 
 Nicholas Wotton®,L. D.... 
 
 1279 
 
 1290 
 
 1296 
 
 1314 
 
 51 
 
 Matthew Hutton, S. T, B.. 
 
 1310 
 
 1312 
 
 52 
 
 John Thornburgh, S. T. P. 
 
 1340 
 
 53 
 
 George Meritoii S.T.P. 
 
 
 54 
 
 •lolln Scott ”, S. T. P. 
 
 
 55 
 
 Richard Marsh. 
 
 
 56 
 
 William Sancroft. 
 
 
 57 
 
 Robert Hitch, S. T. P. 
 
 1398 
 
 58 
 
 Tobias Wickham'3, S.T.P. 
 
 1401 
 
 59 
 
 
 1406 
 
 60 
 
 Henry Finch, A. M. 
 
 
 61 
 
 Rich. Osbaldestoii, S.T.P. 
 
 
 62 
 
 John Fountayne. 
 
 1426 
 
 63 
 
 George Markham. 
 
 Appointefl. 
 
 Died, or removed. 
 
 . 1426 
 
 . 1437 
 
 . 1454 
 
 .. 1477 
 
 Bishop of London . 1437 
 
 
 
 . 1488 
 
 
 . 1494 
 
 . 1496 
 
 . 1503 
 
 . 1507 
 
 
 Bi.shop of Lichfield 15( 3 
 t Bp of Durham... 1507 
 ^ Archbp. of York. 1508 
 . Died 1512 
 
 . \^]4 
 
 1 Bishop of Lincoln 1513 
 ^ Archbp. of York 1514 
 
 
 . Died 1539 
 
 .. . IS.SQ 
 
 . Died 1544 
 
 1.544. 
 
 
 . 1567 
 
 . 1589 
 
 . 1617 
 
 t BishopofDurham 1589 
 ( Archbp. of York 1594 
 r Held the Bishop- 
 \ ricks of Lime- 
 ) rick and Bristol 
 ] incommendam, 
 
 / removed toWor- 
 cester in . 1617 
 
 . 1624 
 
 . 1660 
 
 
 
 . 1664 
 
 5 Dean of St.Paul’s, 
 
 \ London.. 1664 
 
 . 1676 
 
 . Died 1697 
 
 
 . Died 1702 
 
 . 1702 
 
 . Died 1728 
 
 . 1747 
 
 Carlisle. 1747 
 
 . Died 1802 
 
 . 1802 
 
 
 ' Or as John, Prior of Hagustald says 1 144 . 
 
 “ His tomb inlaid with brass and gilt was destroyed 
 in the Rebellion. 
 
 3 Jan. 16, 1305,32d Edw. 1. this William de Hamelton 
 had the great seal delivered to him as Lord Chancellor 
 of England—Torre, p. 555. 
 
 ' In the year 1405 he was constituted Lord High 
 Chancellor of England—Drake, p. 564- 
 
 3 Buried in the south transept of the cathedral. 
 
 •> Buried near the former Dean. 
 
 1 Buried in the Rolls Chapel, London. 
 
 3 Buried in the south transept of the cathedral. 
 
 0 See a particular account of him in Drake’s Ebora- 
 cum, B. ii. Ch. iii. p. 565. 
 
 'd Buried in the south aile of the choir of the ca¬ 
 thedral. 
 
 H Hacket, in his “ Life of Archbishop Williams,” 
 says, that he died in the Fleet Prison. 
 
 Buried near the altar in the cathedral. 
 
 >3 Buried in the choir of the cathhdral. 
 
A 
 
 ftist o( iSooifes, ana j9i‘(nt$, 
 
 THAT HAVE BEEN PUBLISHED RELATING TO 
 
 YORK CATHEDRAL; 
 
 ALSO A LIST OF 
 
 ENGRAVED PORTRAITS OF ITS ARCHBISHOPS. 
 
 THIS LIST IS SUBJOINED TO GRATIFY THE BIBLIOGRAPHER, THE CRITICAL ANTIQUARY, AND THE ILLUSTRATOR; AS 
 WELL AS TO SHOW, AT ONE VIEW, THE SOURCES WHENCE THE CONTENTS OF THE PRECEDING PAGES HA\ E 
 BEEN DERIVED, AND THE FULL TITLES OF THE WORKS REFERRED TO IN THE NOTES. 
 
 SEE AND CHURCH. 
 
 The early history of the original fabric of York Cathedral, has not been preserved among the 
 known records of the see. It is therefore to be sought for in the writings of those old chroniclers 
 who have recorded and perpetuated the annals of Christianity in the northern parts of Britain. 
 The first of these is “ the Ecclesiastical History" by B^de, who has left an account of the 
 introduction of Christianity into the kingdoms of Northumbria, the foundation by king Edwyn 
 of the original sacred edifice on the site of which tlie Cathedral of York now stands, and its 
 completion by Oswald. From “ the Life of St. Wilfrid" by Eddius Stephanus, who wrote 
 early in the eighth century, we learn the particulars of some extensive repairs done by that 
 prelate. This work is published in vol. i. of “ Historicc Britanniccc, Saxoniccc, et Anglo- 
 DanicfB, Scriptores XV. ex vetustis codd. ]\ISS. editi; opera Thomee Gale, Tli. Pr. Oxonia;, 
 1691.” In the same publication is the poem of Flaccus Alcivinus, “ De Pontificibus et Sajictis 
 Ecclesice Eboracensis,” which has been adopted in the preceding pages as the highest authority 
 for the events in which his contemporaries, the Archbishops Egbert, Albert, and Eanbald, were 
 concerned. The history of this churcli from the time of Albert to that of Walter Grey, is only 
 to be collected from brief and general notices in the chronicles of those times. The principal 
 authorities are William of Malmesbury, “ De gestis Pontijlcum Anglorum," “ Rogeri de Hovedefi 
 Annalium, pars prior et posterior ," both in “ Reriim Anglicarnm Scriptores post Bedam Prce- 
 cipui, ex vetustissimis codicibus manuscriptis nunc primum in liicem editi,” Franeofurti, m.dci. 
 The chronicle of Simon Dunelmensis, and “ Chronica Pontificum Ecclesifc Eboraci, auctore 
 Thom^ Stubbs, Dominicano,” which last named authors are in “ Historic Anglicanee Scriptores 
 Decern.” 
 
 The laborious manuscript collections of Mr. Torre, in the cathedral library, furnish many 
 particulars relating to the erection of the existing structure, by Archbishop Grey and his succes¬ 
 sors, compiled from original documents and records preserved in the various registers of the 
 archbishops, and dean and chapter, and other archives of the see. The manuscript contains 
 1860 pages of foolscaj) paper closely written. The author died in July, 1699, leaving, besides 
 indexes, several valuable manuscripts on antiquities and genealogy. See an account of Mr. Torre 
 and his MSS. in Drake’s Preface. 
 
 Such are the authorities from which, with the collections by Rymer and Dugdale, the present 
 work, so far as relates to the early history of the see and the cathedral, has been carefully com¬ 
 piled ; the modern writers on the subject having only been consulted as guides to the most 
 authentic sources of information. 
 
 “ The Antiquities of York City, cS’c. by James Torre, Gent, and since continued to the year 
 1719—with an Appendix of the Dimensions of York Minster, Arc. Ac.” York, 1719, 8vo. This 
 work w'as never intended for publication by Mr. Torre, being a mere copy of Christopher Hild- 
 yard’s book, which is itself little more than a catalogue of the mayors and sherift's, from 1273 
 to 1661. 
 
 “ The Antient and Modern Hist orjt of the famous City of York: and in a particular manner 
 of its magnificent Cathedral called York Minster, &c. Ac. The whole diligently collected by 
 T. G. (Gent.)” York, 1730, small 8vo. 
 
 “ Eboracum; or, the History and Antiquities of the City of York, from its Original to the 
 
 M 
 
88 
 
 YORK cathedral:—LIST OF BOOKS, ESSAYS, ETC. 
 
 present Times; together witli a History of the Catliedral Church, and the Lives of the Arch¬ 
 bishops of the See, &:c. &c. Collected from authentic Manuscripts, public Piecords, ancient 
 Chronicles, and modern Historians; illustrated with Copper plates. In two Books, by Francis 
 Drake, of the City of York, Gent. F. R. S. and Member of the Society of Antiquaries in London. 
 London, 173G," folio. 
 
 History of the City of York, Book 1. History of the Church of York, Book H. The plates re¬ 
 lating to the cathedral are—Plan, with the old Pavements.—Interior View of the Chapter-house.— 
 View of the Choir End.—Interior of the Cathedral.—West End.—South Front.—North-east 
 View with the Chapter-house, 
 
 Monuments —Of Henry Swinburne, 1G12: —of Archbishop Sandes, 1.588; —of Archbishop 
 Hutton, 1G05. p. 458; —of Archbishop Matthew's, 1G28; —Archbishop Frewen, 1GG4; —Arch¬ 
 bishop Sterne, 1G83; —Archbishop Dolben, 1G8G :—Archbishop Lamplugh, 1691; —Archbishop 
 Sharp, 1713. Tombs —Of Archbishop Roger, 1181 :—Archbishop Grey, 12.55; —Archbishop Sewall, 
 1258; —of Archbishop Scrope, 1405; —Archbishop Bowet, 1428 ;—^Archbishop Rotheram, 1500; 
 —Archbishop Savage, 1507 :—Archbishop Piers, 1594; —Archbishop Monteign, 1G28. —Devices, 
 Family Arms, IMural and Table Monuments, Monumental Effigies, Windows, Arches, &c. &c. 
 
 This volume was originally announced to be published at two guineas, and to consist of one 
 hundred and twenty-five sheets, but was extended to two hundred sheets, and offered at the 
 price of two guineas and a half, small paper, and five guineas, large paper. In the preface the 
 author says he hoped to “ revive the memory of a decayed city, at present the second in 
 Britain, but of old the first, and in antiquity the glory of the whole island." He then gives an 
 account of, and comments on, preceding topographers of York. These are Camden — Sir Thomas 
 Widdriri^ton, who was the first that undertook to write the history of the city in a particular 
 way.—This history was never published, but a copy is among Mr. Gough’s topographical col¬ 
 lections in the Bodleian Library.— Mr. Dodsivorth, “ that indefatigable collector, whose volu¬ 
 minous tracts on ecclesiastical and monastical antiquities enrich the Bodleian Library at Oxford.” 
 — Christopher Hildi/ard, Esq, who published a catalogue of the mayors and sheriffs, w ith some 
 trifling historical remarks; his preface contained more of the antiquities of York than his whole 
 book.— Mr. James Torre, to whose laborious performances in manuscript our autlior acknow¬ 
 ledges the highest obligation.— Sir IVm. Dugda/e, from w'hose papers some matters relating to 
 the church of York were published at the end of his History of St. Paul’s; but our author agrees 
 with Bishop Nicolson, “ that there is no such appearance of records as the reader may expect.’’ 
 
 .— Mr. Samuel Gale, by w hose collections the ecclesiastical part of this w'ork has been greatly 
 enriched.—il/r. Henry Keep, who collected materials for a history of this church and city; 
 but, falling to decay, his history w'as never finished. The author concludes with a short account 
 of the work; acknowledging its defects, particularly in the church history; laments the little 
 encouragement he had received from the clergy; and especially remarks that the then archbishop 
 refused to accept of the dedication, or even to subscribe to the work !! 
 
 “ An accurate Hescription and History of the Metropolitan and Cathedral Churches of 
 Canterbtiry and York, from their first Foundation to the present Year. Illustrated with one hun¬ 
 dred and seventeen Copper-plates, consisting of dift'erent Views, Plans, Monuments, Antiquities, 
 Arms,’’ &c. folio, London, 175G. The account of York is wholly copied from Drake’s “ Ebo- 
 racum,’’ and the prints (with three or four trifling exceptions) are impressions from the plates 
 engraved for the same work. 
 
 “ Monasticon Eboracense : and the Ecclesiastical History of Yorkshire. By John Burton, 
 M. D. F. S. A. The first volume," folio, York, 1758. 
 
 It is to be regretted that this useful work did not meet with sufficient encouragement to induce 
 the writer to publish the second volume ; for which he collected ample materials, now deposited 
 in the library at Burton-Constable, in Holderness. 
 
 “The most delectable, scriptn7'al, and pious History of the famous and ina^nificent Great 
 Eastern Window (according to beautiful portraitures) in St. Petei''s Cathedral, York. Pre¬ 
 vious thereto is a remarkable account how the ancient churches were differently erected by two 
 famous kings; the present built by five excellent arebbishops, one extraordinary bishop, with 
 others; the names of sepulchral personages, and important affairs worthy remembrance. A book 
 which might be styled the History of Histories, succinctly treated of: in three parts.” By 
 Thomas Gent, Printer; actat. 70. A.C. 1762, 8vo. 
 
YORK cathedral:—LIST OF BOOKS, ESSAYS, ETC. 
 
 89 
 
 “ An accurate Description and Histort/ of the Cathedral and Metropolitan Church of St. 
 Peter, York, from its first foundation to the present year. Illustrated with Copper-plates, con¬ 
 sisting of different Views, Plans, &c.; and Translations of all the Latin Epitaphs; to which are 
 added Catalogues of the Archbishops, Deans, Sub deans, Chancellors, Treasurers, Praecentors, 
 and Succentors.” 2 vols. 12mo. York, 1768; fourteen prints. 
 
 “ Eboracum ; or, the History and Antiquities of the City of York, from its origin to this 
 time, &c. together w'ith a History of the Cathedral Church, from its first foundation to the present 
 year. Illustrated with seventeen copper-plates.” 2 vols, 8vo. York, 1788. 
 
 “ Gothic Ornaments in the Cathedral Church of York, consisting of Capitals, P>osses, Pin¬ 
 nacles, Brackets, Sculpture, &c. &c. and four Views, drawn and etched by Joseph Halfpenny;” 
 York, 1795, (1800) one hundred and five plates, with descriptions of each plate. Imperial 4to. 
 £6. Gs. 
 
 “ Twelve Perspective Views of the Exterior and Interior parts of the Metropolitan Church 
 cf York : accompanied by two Ichnographic Plates, and an Historical Account.” By Charles 
 Wild. Imperial 4to. Loirdon, 1809. Piate 1. Ground Plan:—2. Capitals in the Crypt:—3. North¬ 
 west View:—4. West Front:—,5. The Nave:—G. South Wing of the Transept:—7. Part of the 
 South Front:—8. The Transept from the South-west Angle:—9. Interior of the Chapter-house: 
 —10, Exterior of the Chapter-house:—11. Choir:—12. North Aile of the Choir:—13. Chapel 
 of the Virgin Mary:—14. The East Front. 
 
 “ A Guide to the Cathedral Church of St. Peter s, York, commonly called York Minster,” 
 fourth edit. York, 1815, 12mo. This work contains a concise history of the fabric; and a gene¬ 
 ral description of its principal parts. It is written in an easy, flow ing style, and is w orthy the pen 
 of a learned and judicious minister of York, to whom it is ascribed. 
 
 In the “ History and Antiquities of the Cathedral Churches of Great Britain,” illustrated, with 
 engravings by James Storer, is a concise account of this cathedral, with eight plates and a plan. 
 
 Willis’s “ Survey of Cathedrals,” vol. i. 4to. contains plates of the “ Iclmography,” and South 
 View of the Cathedral; with an account of the province and diocess, building of the church, 
 its ancient monuments and inscriptions, notices of the archbishops, down to Sir William Dawes; 
 lists of the deans, precentors, chancellors, treasurers, sub-deans, archdeacons, and prebenda¬ 
 ries ; and an account of all the churches and chapels, with their patrons and appropriations. 
 
 In Willis’s “ History of the Mitred Parliamentary Ahbies and Conventual Cathedral 
 Churches,” vol. ii. p. 377, is given the dimensions of the cathedral, with the names of the arch¬ 
 bishops buried there; and a short account of the tombs, chiefly from Leland’s Itinerary. 
 
 “ Leland’s Collectanea,” (vol. i. p. 25,45), contains de combustione et re-edificatione ecclesiae— 
 de edificatione ecclesiae, p. 121 ; a list of the early bishops “ ex libro incerti autoris,” p. 336, &c. 
 
 Of the numerous documents relating to the see of York, preserved in Rymer’s “ Fwdera,” the 
 following are the most important—vol. ii. p. 1040.—vol. iii. p. 498, 494.—vol. iv, p. 95, 310, 391, 
 530, and 531. Several letters and writs of King Ed. I. and his successor, addressed to the 
 Archbishops of Canterbury and York on the subject of their disputes about bearing their crosses 
 in each others provinces, and the tumults which frequently arose from these dissensions.—vol. 
 iv. p. 199. Letters of King Edward II. to the pope, on the archbishop’s application for a new 
 pall in lieu of one sacrilegiously stolen from the cathedral.—p. 458, 459, 460. The king’s letters 
 to the pope and his legate on the usurpations of the Court of Rome, with regard to the appoint¬ 
 ment of treasurer of the church, 4 Ed. HI. p. 541. The king’s letters to the pope praying him 
 to release the Church of York from interdict, 7. Ed. HI.—vol. v. p. 755, and vol. vii. p. 178. 
 Warrants for delivering dies for the use of the archbishop’s mint, 27 Edw'. III. and 1 Richard II. 
 —vol. vii. p. 125. The appointment of the archbishop and his commissaries as visitors of the 
 college called Queen Hall, Oxford, 50 Edw. HI.—vol. xiii. p. 451, Ac. The several bulls for 
 the advancement of Cardinal Wolsey to the see of York, A. D. 1514.—vol. xiv. p. 544. Con¬ 
 firmation of the liberties of the archbishop, 26 Hen. VlII. per inspect, cartm Edw. IV. 
 
 Wilkins’s “ Concilia” contains the epistle of Gregory the Great to Augustine on the constitu¬ 
 tion of the churches of London and York, vol. i. p. 45.—and various documents relating to 
 the controversies between the sees of York and Canterbury;—also the authority of the see of 
 York over the Scottish clergy, p. 369, 391, 396, 407, 409, 480, 481, 482. The writ convoking 
 the clergy to the parliament at York, ex. rot, Walliae, 11 Edw^ 1. m. 4. Dorso.^—Vol. ii. p. 92. 
 Letters, mandates, Ac. on the dissensions with Canterbury, p. 43, 277, 128, 255.—Man- 
 
90 
 
 YORK cathedral:—LIST OF BOOKS, ESSAYS, ETC. 
 
 dates of Wm. De Grenefeld prohibiting the adoration of an image of the Virgin then lately 
 placed in the church of Foston, until the merits of the case could be ascertained, p. 423.—Vol. 
 iii. p. 22(J. A letter of the chapter of York to the clergy of the archdeaconry of Richmond, 
 about publishing indulgences for obtaining contributions to the building of York Cathedral, 
 dated 17th Feb. 139G.—Constitutions of the province of York, promulgated by Wolsey about 
 the year 1518, vol. iii. p. 6G2.—The oath of Robert Holgate, archbishop, at his consecration, 
 36 Hen. VIII. 1544, renouncing the authority of the Roman see, <Vc. iii. 870. 
 
 These volumes also contain the provincial councils and synods of York, from 1195 to 1G79. 
 —and many constitutions and orders of the archbishops, chiefly relating to ecclesiastical matters. 
 
 The third volume of Dugdale’s “ Monasticon” contains the following documents, among others, 
 relating to this see. The grant by William Rufus of the abbey of St. Germain, of Seleby, 
 and the church of St. Oswald, Gloucester, as a compensation for the jurisdiction claimed by 
 the see of York over the churches of Lincoln and Lindsey, p. 131.—Bull of Pope Honorius, 
 exempting the church of York from subjection to the see of Canterbury, p. 132.—The bull 
 of Pope Alexander, granting the pall to the Archbishop of York, p. 133.—Two charters of 
 Lien. 1. on the appointment of Archbishop Thomas to the see, and granting several privileges 
 to the church, p. 135.—The bulls of Popes Innocent, Honorius, Paschal, and Calixtus, on the 
 privileges and primacy of the abbey of York, p. 143.—The epistle of Pope Alexander to the 
 archbishop and chapter, on the subjection of the Scottish bishops to the see of York, p. 144. 
 —The epistle of Pope Honorius on the restoration of the bishopric of the Orkneys, showing the 
 jurisdiction of the see of York, ib.—Several papal mandates, commanding the Scottish bishops 
 to profess obedience to the See of York, p. 14-5, 146, 147.—The professions of obedience of the 
 Bishops of Durham, Carlisle, and Whithern, p. 148.—Robert le Vavasor’s grant of a way through 
 his freehold called Thevedale, for facilitating the building of the church. This is called in 
 the title “ de lapidicina apud Tadcasterbut does not relate to that quarry, p. 162.—Robert 
 de Percy’s grant of a way, &c. through his laud, for the carriage of stone from Tadcaster, p. 163. 
 —Account of the customs anciently observed in the church of York on various ecclesiastical 
 occasions, p. 164.—New statutes made for the government of that church, 33 Hen. VIII. p. 166. 
 —An inventory of all the jewels, vessels of gold and silver, and other ornaments, vestments, 
 and books belonging to the cathedral church of York, in the custody of the sub-treasurer; 
 together with the money in the chest of St. Peter, made about the year 1520.—and many grants 
 of lands, and appropriations of churches. 
 
 ACCOUNTS OF ARCHBISHOPS. 
 
 The dignity and power of the Archiepiscopal See of York have always been so considerable,, 
 that the history of its prelates is much intermixed with the national annals. It will therefore 
 be impracticable to notice here every publication in which anecdotes of the Archbishops are to 
 be found; we can only advert to such works as profess to be memoirs of their lives. 
 
 Eddius, Alcuin, Malmesbury, and Stubbs, the biographers and historians of the earlier prelates, 
 have been already noticed. 
 
 The next in point of antiquity is Giraldus Cambrensis, who wrote the life of Archbishop 
 Geoft'rey, which with Clement Maydestone’s “ llistoria de Marlyrio Ricardi Scrape, Archi- 
 episcopi Ebor.” and “ Ricardi Scrape, Archiepiscopi Ebor. Articuli adversus Henricum IV. 
 Anp^lioi Resem,” are preserved in Warton’s “ Anglia Sacra.” 
 
 The last edition of the celebrated work of Bishop Godwin, “ De Prcesidibiis Anglia,” con¬ 
 tains accounts of the archbishops from Paulinus to Blackburne. This work first appeared in 
 English in 1601, and was afterwards re-written, in Latin, in 1616. It was again published in 
 1743, with additions and corrections by Wm. Richardson, Canon of the Church of Lincoln. 
 
 “ The Lives and Characters, Deaths, Burials, and Epitaphs, Works of Piety, Charity, and 
 other munificent Benefactions, of all the Protestant Bishops of the Church of England, since 
 the Reformation, as settled by Queen Elizabeth, A. D. 1559; collected from their several 
 registers, wills in the prerogative offices, authentic records, and other valuable MSS. collections; 
 and compared with the best accounts hitherto published of this kind.” By John Le Neve, gent, 
 vol. i. 8vo. London, 1720, pp. 288. This volume, (the only one ever published), contains the 
 lives of the Protestant Archbishops of Canterbury and York. 
 
YOKIL cathedral:—1,1ST OF PRINTS, ETC. 
 
 91 
 
 Tlie life of Arclibisliop Giindall was publislied by Strype, in 1710, who in bis “ Annals of the 
 Reformation," and “ Ecclesiastical Memorials,'' lias noticed other archbishops of this province. 
 
 “ Vicaria Leodiensis ; or, the History of the CInuch of Leeds, in Yorkshire. By Ralph 
 Thoresby, of Leeds, F. R. S. 1724, contains accounts of Hutton, Sandi/s, Mathews, and Thoresbj/. 
 
 Bishop Nicolson’s “ Epistolary Corresponderice,” vol. i. p. 47, (published by Mr. Nichols in 
 1809), contains a short memoir of Archbishop Sharp. 
 
 “ Scrinia Reserata: a Memorial offered to the great Deservings of John Williams, D.D. who 
 sometimes held tlie Places of Lord Keeper of the Great Seal of England, Lord Bishop of Lincoln, 
 and Lord Archbishop of York; containing a Series of the most remarkable Occurrences and 
 Transactions of his Life, in Relation both to Church and State.” Written by John Hacket, late 
 Lord Bishop of Lichfield and Coventry. 4to. pp. 458, London, 1693. The author was chaplain 
 to Archbishop Williams. 
 
 ENGRAVED VIEWS OF THE CHURCH AND OF ITS MONUMENTS. 
 
 In addition to the prints in the works already mentioned the following have been published : 
 
 Crypt to the Cathedral, in Halfpenny’s “ Fragmenta Cetusta,’' pi. 20. 
 
 In Gough’s “ Sepulchral Monuments” are the following:—View of Archbishop Bowet’s 
 splendid Tomb; drawn and etched by ,/. Halfpenny, vol. ii jmrt ii. p. 75.—Inscription formerly 
 on Archbishop Bowet’s Tomb, but really belonging to Dean Langton, 1378; and brought from 
 the Nave of York Minster, ih. 
 
 In Carter’s “ Specimens of Ancient Sculpture and Painting” arc the following:—Representa¬ 
 tion of an Oak Chest in the Treasury of York Cathedral, vol. ii. p. 38.—Five Plates containing 
 fourteen Statues, with the Heads, Ac. at large; aud a Dissertation on them by John Milner, 
 F. A. S. at pages 50, 54, 60, 63, 67, vol. ii. 
 
 In Carter’s “ Ancient Architecture" are the following Views, Ac.—View of a Laver in the 
 Sacristy, })1. l.\. desc. j). 45.— Elevation exterior and interior of one Compartment of the Nave, 
 pi. XV. vol. ii. desc. p. 8.—Plan and Details of the South Side of the Nave, interior, vol. ii. pi. 
 xvi. desc. p. 9.—A Door-way in the North Aile of the Nave, vol. ii. pi. xxi. desc. p. 11.—Grand 
 double Door-uay entering into the Chapter-house, ib.—Altar in Our Lady’s Chapel, vol. ii. pi. 
 xxiv, desc. p. 13.— Plan and Elevation of one of the Niches in the Chapter-house, vol. ii. pi. xxv. 
 desc. p. 13.—Upper Part of Buttress of Chapter-house, vol. ii. pi. xxvi. desc. p. 14.—Edward 
 HI. in a painted Window, vol. ii. pi. xxvi. desc. p. 14. 
 
 In Hargrove’s recent “ History and Description of the ancient City of Yorh,” Ac. 3 vols. is a 
 South-west View of the Cathedral, engraved by H. Ee Keux, from a drawing by Cave. 
 
 In the third volume of Dugdale’s Monasticon are two Views of the Cathedral, engraved by 
 Hollar-, one is a view of the whole length of the Church from the South; the other, of the 
 West End, showing in perspective the great Tower, South Transept, and Chapter-house. These 
 prints are extremely incorrect. 
 
 A large print of the “ IVest Elevation of York Minster, measured and accurately delineated 
 by James Malton, Oct. and Nov. 1792; engraved by J. Landseer, and ,/. Roffe:” 1796. 
 
 A large print of the “ South Prospect of the Cathedral Church of St. Peter, in York; engraved 
 by Jo. Kip, and dedicated to Archbishop Sharp.” 
 
 A large print of The Aorth east Prospect of the Cathedral of St. Peter, York, w ith a I’iew of 
 the Chapter-house, Ac. engraved by J. Nutting, from a drawing by IV. Tesserman : dedicated 
 to Archbishop Markham. 
 
 A View of the Shrine of Archbishop Bowet; engraved by IF. Fowler, from a drawing by his 
 son, Joseph Fowler : published 1813. 
 
 ENGRAVED PORTRAITS OF THE ARCHBISHOPS OF YORK. 
 
 1. Thomas Scot de Rotheram: “Founder of Lincoln Coll. Oxford,” large 4to. niez. 
 Faber, sc. Granger and Bromley. 
 
 2, Thomas Wolsey; Holstein, p. Faber, sc. one of the founders, 4to; mez.— A label from his 
 mouth inscribed, “ Ego meus et rex,” 4to.—Two, and without arms, prefixed to his life, 
 
92 
 
 YORK cathedral:—LIST OF PORTRAITS. 
 
 by Cavendish, Elstracke, sc. 4to.—Head by Loggan —in Burnet’s “ History of the Re¬ 
 formation”—in “Holland’s Heroologia,” 8vo.— W. M. (Marshall) sc. small, in Fuller’s 
 “ Holy State.”— P. Foiirdrinier, sc. h. len. h. sh. in his “ Life,” by Fiddes, fol. 1724,— 
 Houbraketi, sc.— Desrochers, sc. 4to.—inscribed C. W.— Vertue, sc. a small oval.—One by 
 Parker. Granger and Bromlei/. 
 
 3. Edmund Grindall, aet. Gl, prefixed to his “ Life,” by Strype, 1710. fol. M. V. Giicht, 
 sc. h. sh.—fol. Vertue, sc.—in “ Heroologia,” 8vo.—in Fuller’s “ Abel redivivus.” Granger 
 and Bromlei/. 
 
 4. Edwin Sandys: in “ Heroologia,” 8vo.—“ Continuation of Boissard,” 4to.—“ Freherus”— 
 with Cicely Wilford, his second wife—“ Clarke’s Lives,” small 4to. Granger and Bromley. 
 
 5. Matthew Hutton : a 4to. print, F. Perry, sc. Granger and Bromley. 
 
 G. Tobias Mathew: 4to. R. E. (Renold Elstracke) sc.—another in “Boissard,” 4to. a 
 copy. Granger and Bromley. 
 
 7. George Mountaigne : a rare print, G. Y. sc. Granger and Bromley. 
 
 8. John Williams : fol. F. Delaram, &c. —Ornaments lush, scarce—in Birch’s “ Lives,” J. 
 Uoubraken, sc.—A copy, in 8vo. V. Gucht, sc.—prefixed to his life, 1G93; R. White, sc.— 
 in his episcopal habit, but with a helmet, musket, Arc. R. S. exc. Amstelodami ; extremely 
 rare.—Two, in a cap and in a hat; probably altered.—Johannes Williams, Episc. Line, sold 
 by Jenner, the original of Boissard’s copy, 4to.—“ Johannes Gulielmus,” Ac. in Boissard, 
 small 4to. Granger and Bromley. 
 
 9. Richard Sterne: la. mez. engraved by F. Place; whose works are scarce. Granger 
 and Bromley. 
 
 10. John Dolben: (sitting betw'een John Fell, Bishop of Oxford, and Dr. Richard Allestre) la. 
 mez. D. Loggan, exc. from a picture by Sir P. Lely.—A mezzotinto, R. Thompson, exc. 
 from a picture by J. Haymans. Granger and Bromley. 
 
 11. Thomas Lamplugh: art. 74, la. fol. painted by Kneller ; engraved by P. Vandrebanc. 
 The face of this print w as altered to that of Archbishop Tennison. Granger and Bromley. 
 
 12. John Sharp: mez. E. Cooper, 1G91.—mez. F. Kyle, la. fol. ad vivum, R. White, 1G91.— 
 prefixed to his “ Sermons,” 1709, 8vo. R. White, sc. Bromley. 
 
 13. Sir William Dawes, Bart.: 8vo. prefixed to his “ Sermons,” from a picture by Closter~ 
 man, S. Gribelin. — another, large fol. Vr. Gucht. —mez, W. Sherwin. —large fol. G. Vertue. 
 8vo. Murray, p. Vertue, sc.—A portrait, engraved by Gribelin, after W. Sonmans, generally 
 inscribed Sir W. Dawes, is that of John Hudson, Principal of St. Mary’s, Oxon. Bromley. 
 
 14. Launcelot Blackburne, mez. T. Taylor, sc. large fol. J. Zeeman, Vertue, sc. 1727. 
 Bromley. 
 
 1.5 . Thomas Herring: mez. S. Webster, p. M. Ardell, sc.—la. fol. W. Hogarth, p. B. Baron, 
 sc.—mez. Hudson, p. Faber, sc. with his speech, 1745, Hogarth, p. C. Mosely, sc. Bromley. 
 
 IG. Matthew Hutton : mez. T. Hudson, p. 1754. J. Faber, sc. Bromley. 
 
 17 . Robert Hay Drummond: Half length, sitting, with the purse of Chancellor, mez. Sir 
 J. Reynolds, p. J. Watson, sc. Bromley. 
 
 18. W. Markham: Three-quarters length, standing, holding a square cap, sh. mez. Sir J. 
 Reynolds, p../. R. Smith, sc. 1778.—another in a canonical habit, anonymous. Bromley. 
 
 19 . Edward Venables Vernon : Half length, sitting ;—also as Bishop of Carlisle, Hoppner, 
 R. A. p. C. Turner, sc. 
 
 PORTRAITS OF DEANS OF YORK. 
 
 1 . Thomas Gale, D.D. Dean of York: holding a paper; in Pepy’s collection. Bromley. 
 
 2. William Sancroft, (as Archbishop of Canterbury): 8vo. Elder, sc.—Another 8vo. V. 
 
 Gucht, sc.—large fol. “ ad vivum.” Loggan, sc. 1G79.—Another, engraved by Sturt, prefixed 
 
 to the “ Convocation Book,” 1G90, 4to. R. White, sc.—in the prints of the Seven Bishops. 
 
 3. Henry Finch: the engraving by M. V. Gucht, prefixed to the sermons of Dean Finch, 
 
 and inscribed with his name, is a portrait of Benjamin Calamy, D. D. Bromley. 
 
of 
 
 ILLUSTRATIVE OF YORK CATHEDRAL. 
 
 Plites. 
 
 I. 
 
 ir. 
 
 III. 
 
 IV. 
 
 V. 
 
 VI. 
 
 VII. 
 
 VIII. 
 
 IX. 
 
 X. 
 
 X[. 
 
 XII. 
 
 XIII. 
 
 XIV. 
 
 XV. 
 
 XVI. 
 
 XVII. 
 
 XVIII. 
 
 XIX. 
 
 XX. 
 
 XXI. 
 
 XXII. 
 
 XXIII. 
 
 XXIV. 
 
 XXV. 
 
 XXVl. 
 
 XXVII. 
 
 XXVIII. 
 
 XXIX. 
 
 XXXI. 
 
 XXXII. 
 
 XXXIII, 
 
 XXXIV 
 
 XXXVI. 
 
 Subjects. 
 
 Drawn by 
 
 Engraved by 
 
 Inscribed to 
 
 
 C.P.&J B 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Mackenzie 
 
 J. Scott. 
 
 
 N. Transept, Cliapter House, &c. 
 
 Blore. 
 
 Askey . 
 
 Rev. C. Wellbeloved.. 
 
 
 RIoro . 
 
 Blore. 
 
 
 
 
 J. Le Keux 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 J, Le Keux 
 
 
 Circular Window of ditto. 
 
 Mackenzie 
 
 J. Le Keux 
 
 WalterR.Fawkes,Esq. 
 
 West Front. 
 
 Blore . 
 
 J. Le Keux 
 
 Archbishop Vernon. < 
 
 
 Blore . 
 
 J. Le Keux 
 
 
 Distant View of the Church and City. 
 
 Mackenzie 
 
 Rawle. 
 
 H. Broadley,Esq. 
 
 View from N. to S. Transept. 
 
 Mackenzie 
 
 H. Le Keux 
 
 Rev. F. W'rangham.... 
 
 Elevation of N. and Section of S. Transept 
 
 Blore. 
 
 J. Le Keux 
 
 Peter Atkinson, Esq. 
 
 S.Transept, Compartment, interior and ext. 
 
 Mackenzie 
 
 J. Le Keux 
 
 
 
 
 Rawle. 
 
 
 
 Rlnre . 
 
 H. Le Keux 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 H. Le Keux 
 
 
 
 
 Ranson. 
 
 . } 
 
 North Aile of Nave, W. end. 
 
 Mackenzie 
 
 H. Le Keux 
 
 J 
 
 Richard Drake, Esq. . 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Turrell. 
 
 Rev. Dr. Clarke .... 
 
 
 
 Pugin . 
 
 E. end. Elevation and Section of interior . 
 
 Mackenzie 
 
 Turrell. 
 
 Peter Gandy, Esq.* .. 
 
 Rnvvpt’s Tonihj part of Sorceiij &C . 
 
 Blore . 
 
 H. Le Keux 
 
 
 
 
 R. Roffe.... 
 
 
 End of N. Transept. 
 
 Pugin. 
 
 Gladwin..., 
 
 H. E. Kendall, Esq.... 
 
 
 Blore . 
 
 J. Le Keux 
 
 
 Capitals, &c. in Chapter-House. 
 
 Mackenzie 
 
 J. Le Keux 
 
 Rev. J. J. Conybeare . 
 
 ^ Windows, See. in Chapter-House and } 
 
 Mackenzie 
 
 J. Le Keux 
 
 
 1 Vestibule. ) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Roffe. 
 
 
 
 
 J. Lt Keux 
 
 s 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 Described 
 
 74 
 
 }h5,56, 
 
 42.75 
 
 75 
 
 44.45.75 
 75 
 
 43, 76 
 
 43, 76 
 39,40, 
 
 41.42.76 
 
 40.76 
 
 37.76 
 
 47.76 
 
 44.76 
 
 43.47.77 
 
 42.48.77 
 
 59.77 
 
 42.48.77 
 
 F39, 40, 
 ;41, 42, 
 C77 
 
 48.49.78 
 
 50.51, 
 
 52.78 
 
 51.52, 
 
 53.78 
 
 44.78 
 
 53.54.78 
 60, 78 
 57 ,78 
 
 47.58.79 
 
 60.79 
 56, 79 
 
 57.58.79 
 79 
 
 .50,51,79 
 
 59,60, 
 
 61.79 
 
 By a mistake of the Engraver this name is written Grandy instead of Gandy. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 A. 
 
 Agricola, wall of, JO. 
 
 Albert, abp. 28, 33. 
 
 Alcuiri, account of, 28; extracts from his posm, 
 29, 33, 34. 
 
 Altar-screen, part of, PI. XXXVI. described, 51. 
 Antoninus, wall of, 10. 
 
 Archbishojis,chronological listof,83to85; bio¬ 
 graphical anecdotes of, 67 ; list of books re¬ 
 lating to, 90 ; engraved portraits of, 91. 
 Arles, council of, 11. 
 
 Birmingham, John de, 32. j 
 
 Books relating to York cathedral, list of, 87; ! 
 engraved views, A;c. of, 91. j 
 
 Bosa, bp. 18. j 
 
 Bovil, abp. his tomb, 61. 
 
 Bowet, abp. 32; his tomb, PI. XXVI. de¬ 
 scribed, 60. 
 
 C. 
 
 Ceadda, bp. 16. 
 
 Choir, 30, 31 ; interior view of, looking east, 
 PI. XXIII :—compartment, interior and ex¬ 
 terior, PI. XXIV :—east end elevation and 
 section, PI. XXV ; exterior described, 44, 
 45, 46 ; interior described, 51 to 54. 
 
 Chapter-house, 32; views of exterior. Pi. IV. 
 
 V; door-way to, PI. XXVII ; capitals, Ac. 
 in, PI. XXXI; windows in, PI. XXXII ; 
 described, 56, 57, 58. 
 
 Circular window of south transept, PI. IX ; 
 described, 43. 
 
 Constantine saluted emperor, 11. 
 
 Contantius died at York, 11. 
 
 Crypt, 30, plan and capitals, PI. II ; view of, PI. 
 Ill ; described, 55, 56. 
 
 D. 
 
 Deans, list of, 86; engraved portraits of, 92; 
 table of, 82. 
 
 Dolben, abp. monument, 62. 
 
 E. 
 
 Eanbald, abp. 28. 
 
 Eanfrid, king, his apostacy, 15; slain 25. 
 
 East end of cathedral, PI. VI. described, 44. 
 East window, PI. XXV. described, 53, 54. 
 Eboracum, antient name of York, 9. 
 
 Eborius, bp. 11. 
 
 Edwin, king of Northumbria, account of, 11 ; 
 his conversion, 12; founds the church of 
 York, 12, 25 ; slain, 15. 
 
 Egbert, abp. 19, 28, 33. 
 
 Ethelburga, queen, 10, 12, 15. 
 
 E. 
 
 Founders and benefactors, list of, 82. 
 
 Frewen, abp. 24; monument, 62. 
 
 G. 
 
 Gerard, abp. 21. 
 
 Glazing, 33; Appendix VIII. IX. 
 
 Grenefeld, abp. his monument, 61. 
 
 Grey, Waiter de, abp. 32; his monument, PI. 
 XVII. described, 59; hisetiigy, PI. XXXVI. 
 A. 59. 
 
 Ground j)lan, PI. I. described, 46. 
 
 li. 
 
 Hadrian, wall of. 10. 
 
 Hatfield, Prince Win. de, statue of, PI. XXXIV. 
 described, 62. 
 
 Haxby, John, monument of, 63. 
 
 Heath, abp. 23. 
 
 Holgate, abp. 22. 
 
 Hornby, Mr. Sheriff, 65. 
 
 Hutton, abp. monument, 62. 
 
 I. 
 
 Indulgences, 29, 30, 31 ; Appendix, No. 1. HI. 
 John of Beverly, bp. 19. 
 
 Itinerary of Antoninus, Ac. 9. 
 
 K. 
 
 Kiineton, see Ludham. 
 
 Kings, statues of, PI. XXH. described, 50, 51. 
 
 L. 
 
 Lamplugh, abp. monument, 62. 
 
 Langueton, dean, 61. 
 
 Lee, abp. 22. 
 
 Lestingham, church of, 16. 
 
 N 
 
96 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Library, 33, 34. 
 
 Ludham, or Kimeton, Godfrey de, abp. his 
 tomb, PI. XVII. described, 59. 
 
 M. 
 
 Mason’s work, antient orders for the regulation 
 of, Appendix, No. VII. 
 
 Matthew, abp. monument, 62. 
 
 Matthews, Mrs. a benefactor to the library, 34. 
 
 Mauley, elbgyof, PI. XXXVI. c. described, 61. 
 
 Monuments, 59 to 64. 
 
 N. 
 
 Nave, 30 ; compartment, PI. XVIII. described, 
 42; interior, PI. XVI. described, 42, 48; 
 north aile of, PI. XXI. described, 78. 
 
 O. 
 
 Organ-screen, central door-way, PI. XXII. de¬ 
 scribed, 50, 51, 78. 
 
 Osric, king, his apostacy, 15, 25. 
 
 Oswald, king, defeats the Britons, 15 ; com¬ 
 pletes the church of York, 26; slain, 26. 
 
 P. 
 
 Pall, described, 13. 
 
 Paulinus, abp. converts the Northumbrians, 12; 
 retires to Rochester, 15. 
 
 Pavement of church, 33. 
 
 Penda, king of Mercia, 14, 26. 
 
 Percy, Robert de, 30. 
 
 Piers, abp. monument, 62. 
 
 Plumbers, agreements with. Appendix, Nos.V. 
 VI. 
 
 R. 
 
 Ripon church, 27. 
 
 Roger, abp. 30 ; tomb of, PI. XXI. described, 
 49, 61. 
 
 Roman colbns, 60, 66. 
 
 Romayne, John le, abp. 30. 
 
 Romayne, John le, treasurer, .30. 
 
 Rotheram, abp, his tomb, 61 ; wooden head 
 found in it, 64. 
 
 S. 
 
 Sampson, or Sanxo, bp. 14. 
 
 Savage, abp. his tomb, PI. XXIX. described, 
 60 ; his effigy, PI. XXXVI. described, 60. 
 
 Scrope, abp. his monument, 61 ; cup. 65. 
 
 Severus, wall of, 10; buried at York, 10; 
 statue ascribed to, 61. 
 
 Sharpe, abp. monument, 62. 
 
 Skidby, 22. 
 
 Skirlaw, Walter, 31, 32. 
 
 Smith, Catholic bishop, 64. 
 
 Southwell, 22, 24. 
 
 Stalls, part of, PI. XXXIV. described, 51. 
 
 Sterne, abp. monument, 62. 
 
 T. 
 
 Thomas, abp. 19, 29, 34. 
 
 Thomas II. abp. 21. 
 
 Thoresby, abp. 31; Appendix, IV. 
 
 Thurstan, abp. 29. 
 
 Tower, central, 31, 32 ; PI. IV. V. VI. VII. 
 VIII. X. XII. XIV. described, 42, 49. 
 
 Towers, Mestern, 32; view of, PI. X. elevation 
 and section, PI. XIX. described, 39. 
 
 Transept. See York Cathedral. 
 
 U. 
 
 Ulphus, horn of, 65. 
 
 V. 
 
 Vavasour, 30. 
 
 Vestry, 32; described, 64 ; antiquities in, de¬ 
 scribed, 64, 65, 66. 
 
 W. 
 
 West front, view of, PI. X. described, 39, 40, 
 41; door-way to, PI. XI. 40 ; elevation and 
 section, PI. XIX.; details, PI. XX. 
 
 Wilfrid I. bp. 16, 17,18, 26, 27. 
 
 Wilfrid II. bp. 19. 
 
 Williams, abp. 24. 
 
 Wolsey, cardinal and abp. 22. 
 
 Y. 
 
 York, city of, early history, 7, 8, 9. 
 
 -Cathedral, south east view of, PI. VII. 
 
 described, 75; distant view, PI. XII. de¬ 
 scribed, 37 ; founded, 12, 25 ; completed, 
 26; restored, 27; burnt, 28; rebuilt, 29; 
 again burnt, rebuilt, again consumed, ib.; 
 choir, 30, 31; exterior described, 44, 45,46; 
 interior, 51, 52, 53, 54; south transept, 30, 
 43, 47; north transept, 30, 44, 47; nave, 
 30, 42, 48; central tower, 31, 32, 42, 49; 
 books and prints relating to, 87. 
 
 York, see of, history, 1; disputes with Canter¬ 
 bury, 19 to 24. 
 
 York, walls of, neglected, 37. 
 
 Young, abp. 24. 
 
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