asiatfc Societ!? flDonoQvapba 
 
 VOL. XVI 
 
 OF THE 
 
 BEKENS COLLECTION 
 
 
 BY 
 
 THEOPHILUS a PINGBEES, LL.D., M.B.A.S. 
 
 LATB OP THSi BMTISH MUSEUM r BEADEB IN ASSYBIAlt AT UNIVEESITY 
 i % UOLLEGB, LONDON 
 
 mm COPIES OF texts ajud seals 
 
 PUBLISHED BV THE BOYAL ASIATIC SOCIETY 
 
 22 AliBBlIAELE STEEET, W. 
 
Ex Libris 
 
 
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 The Bernard and Jane Schapiro Professor of 
 Ancient Near Eastern and Judaic Studies 
 
 Cornell University 
 
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THE BABYLONIAN TABLETS OF THE 
 BERENS COLLECTION 
 
I Digitized by the Internet Archive 
 ' in 2017 with funding from 
 Getty Research institute 
 
 https://archive.org/details/babyloniantabletOObere 
 
Half-tone reproduction of the clay bulla 
 (No. 28. pp. 27—31). 
 
 1. The cylinder-seal of Dada, one of King Dungi’s scribes 
 (above, on the ridge, is a portion of 2. below). 
 
 A 
 
 2. The cylinder-seal of the scribes A-zida. 
 
Hstatic Society ni>ono9rapb6 
 
 VOL. XVI 
 
 THE 
 
 BABYLONIAN TABLETS 
 
 OF THE 
 
 BEEENS COLLECTION 
 
 BY 
 
 THEOPHILUS G. PINCHES, LL.D., M.RA.S. 
 
 LATE OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM ; READER IN ASSYRIAN AT UNIVERSITY 
 
 COLLEGE, LONDON 
 
 J t 3 ) 
 
 WITH C0PlES\'0H‘']TFiXT3l AHD 
 
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 LONDON 
 
 PUBLISHED BY THE ROYAL ASIATIC SOCIETY 
 
 22 ALBEMAELE STREET, W. 
 
 1915 
 
STEPHEN AUSTIN & SONS, LTD. 
 PRINTEES, HERTFORD 
 
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FOBEWOKD 
 
 Notwithstanding that a large number of the temple -records 
 found at Tel-Loh has been published, and that they are mainly 
 texts of but little importance, certain minor historical details, 
 Sumerian linguistic data, and information bearing upon 
 Babylonian manners, customs, and religious beliefs, require that 
 as many of these seemingly worthless documents as is possible 
 should be reproduced. On this account I need not ask the 
 indulgence of the student for the present issue of a further 
 instalment of these inscriptions from the old site of Lagas and 
 elsewhere. Their contents, and the interesting cylinder-seals 
 with which some of them are impressed, will be their justification 
 for claiming his attention, as they have claimed mine and, in 
 the first place, that of the owner. 
 
 As these records have all been acquired from dealers, it is 
 only by internal evidence that their provenance is known ; but 
 there is no doubt that Nos. 1-93 were inscribed at LagaL The 
 later Semitic documents (Nos. 94“9) possibly came from Sippar ; 
 Nos. 100”2 are of more doubtful origin, whilst the latest of all, 
 Nos. 103-11, were apparently all excavated at Borsippa, the city 
 whose great temple-tower has long passed as the traditional 
 Tower of Babel, and which was known to the Babylonians as 
 “'the second Babylon”, though this name seems never to have 
 been given to it officially. 
 
 Something has still to be learned about 'the oblong bead-like 
 clay records bearing the name of king Uru-ka-gina (Nos. 1-6), 
 and also the small but carefully -written dateless inscriptions 
 which follow (7"13). With regard to the tablets of the dynasty 
 of Ur (reigns of Diingi to Ibe-Sin), it is to be noted that three 
 (Nos. 19-21) have colophon-dates which are by no means 
 common, and that the remainder of the dated texts are fairly 
 representative. The rarity of the dates of the earlier portion of 
 Dungi’s reign implies that at that time the temples of Lagas 
 
VI 
 
 FOREWORD 
 
 had not attained the influence and renown which fell to their lot 
 afterwards, and lasted until the reign of his great-grandson, 
 Ibe-Sin. It would be well, if more tablets with this king’s 
 earlier colophon -dates could be published, and the same may be 
 said with regard to those belonging to the time of his father, 
 Sur-Engur, which are so rare as to be practically non-existent. 
 Nothing can be done, however, until the war now raging in both 
 East and West comes to an end, and excavations are resumed in 
 the Tigris and Euphrates valley. 
 
 The value of these documents is greatly increased when (like 
 Nos. 26, 29, 31, 38, etc.) they have cylinder-impressions ; and 
 envelopes (see Nos. 44, 60, 63, etc.) often add to their importance. 
 Nevertheless, even tablets unprovided with any of the above- 
 named advantages are often far from being devoid of interest — 
 indeed, even the monotonous lists of drink, food, and oil (see 
 Nos. 16, 17, 42, 49, 77, etc.) have their value, indicating, as they 
 do, the intercourse which was maintained four thousand years 
 ago between the various trade and religious centres of the 
 ancient Babylonian East. Among the cities mentioned in these 
 inscriptions are • Adamdun, Ansan in Elam, Nippur, Sabu"^ 
 (a Semitic state), Susa, Tahtahani, Ur (of the Chaldees), and 
 some others, which were all in seemingly regular communication 
 with Lagas, and testify to the importance which that state had 
 attained. The journeys to which these inscriptions bear witness 
 seem to have been, in a sense, the forerunners of the later postal 
 systems of that district. Noteworthy is No. 79, which has the 
 name of a viceroy of Sabu“, namely, Selibu™, “the fox,” 
 a name also found at a later date. 
 
 During the Sumerian period the majority of the names are 
 non- Semitic, but a few Semitic names occur, and have been 
 generally indicated in the lists appended. Those which are 
 doubtful are regarded for the present as Sumerian. In many 
 cases the names, whether Sumerian or Akkadian (Semitic), have 
 a theological value, and on this account a list of the names of 
 deities found therein has been added. Among these deities are 
 such well-known names as Addu of Hadad ; Dumu-zi(da) or 
 
FOREWORD 
 
 vn 
 
 Tammuz ; Enlilla, the Ellinos of Damascius ; Enzu, Zuen, or 
 
 Sin (cf. No. 99, 1. 5), the first component of the name of 
 
 Sennacherib ; Istar, the original of the west-Semitic Ashtoreth ; 
 
 i 
 
 Nebo, the god of writing, trade, and commerce, etc. To these 
 may be added various others not referred to in non-Euphratean 
 literature, among which may be mentioned Babbar or Utu, the 
 sun-god ; Bau or Damn, the mother-goddess ; Kusku, the god of 
 gold ; Narua, the god of carved stone ("sculpture, inscriptions, 
 etc.) ; with many others. Of special interest is that name of 
 
 the Semitic period given in the first two lines of No. 101 (see 
 
 pp. 125 ff.), Yawau“-ilu, “ Jahwah is God,” which Fried. 
 Delitzsch had already recognized in texts of about the date of 
 the tablet in question under a somewhat shorter form, implying, 
 perhaps, west-Semitic influence. 
 
 Naturally there are many doubtful readings in these 
 inscriptions, but as our knowledge of them increases, greater 
 certainty may be expected. One noteworthy case is that of the 
 divine name which I have read Agar{a). This is based on two 
 passages, one being in an unbaked Babylonian syllabary 
 excavated by Mr. Rassam {Cuneiform Texts, pt. xii, pi. 26, 
 1. 36), and the other No. 78 of the present collection (see 
 pp. 90, 9l). In the former, if my reading be correct, 
 
 (-+) is explained as Agar, and translated by the 
 
 Semitic Babylonian itgaru, one of the words for “ field ” — the 
 divine ideograph consists of the sign for “ green ” within that 
 for “enclosure”. The second passage (that in the present 
 work) supports this, for in 11. 12, 13 of the tablet referred to 
 we have the name Agar-ra-kam, where the first element is 
 supplied with the phonetic complement or lengthening ra, and 
 testifies that the final radical was r. As Agara-kam may be 
 translated “ Agara planteth ”, his domain was probably that 
 which would be assigned to the “ god of the field ”. 
 
 Another instance of uncertainty is that presented by the city- 
 name Umma. This is the generally-adopted reading of the 
 signs Gis-uli, but the first character of the line {Cuneiform 
 
Vlll 
 
 FOREWORD 
 
 Texts, xii, 28, 56) is far from being certain. My first reading 
 
 V 
 
 {Western Asia Inscriptions, v, 22, 4(X, h), was Sit-ma ; Meissner 
 {Seltene Ideograjiime) suggests Al-ma ; whilst an examination of 
 the tablet which I made a few months ago revealed traces which 
 suggest ’^y, Sir-ma. An earlier reading, in which 
 
 I thought I saw Il-ma, is probably worthless. 
 
 If objection be made that I ought to have avoided such an 
 uncertain transcription as Umma, and adopted that indicated as 
 correct by the modern name — that is to say, Gi-iiha, from 
 which the Arabic Jokha seems to have come — I admit its 
 justice. I would, however, plead that the reading Umma had 
 been put forward with considerable confidence, and it was only 
 when I collated the syllabary again that I realized it was not 
 more certain than my first reading of Sitma. Nevertheless, 
 Umma may be correct. 
 
 From indications in the tablets of this period, and from the 
 occurrence of the name of king Bi-Enznna {Bi-Znenna), it is 
 very probable that the name of Dungi’s grandson was not 
 
 V 
 
 pronounced Gimil-Sin, but Su-Sin. The latter has therefore 
 been adopted in this work (see Nos. 43-60). The meaning of 
 both the Sumerian and the Semitic forms would be “ He of the 
 god Sin ”. 
 
 Su in Sumerian names is probably an entirely different word. 
 
CONTENTS 
 
 PAGE 
 
 1-6 Addressed labels, or the like .... 1-4 
 
 7. Rations of meal ..... ^ . 4 
 
 8, 9. Deliveries of butter, etc. ..... 5-7 
 
 10, 11. Deliveries of meal . . . . . • . 7, 8 
 
 12. Concerning garments ...... 8 
 
 13. Deliveries of meal ....... 9 
 
 14. Consignments of garments and food .... 10 
 
 15. A consignment of sesame-oil . . . . .11 
 
 16. 17. Consignments of drink, food, and oil . . 11-13 
 
 18. Receipt of an ass . . . . . . .13 
 
 19. Deliveries of building-material . . . . .13 
 
 20. Memoranda of workmen employed . . . .15 
 
 21. Grain for cattle . . . . . . .15 
 
 22. Accounts (grain, iDroduce, cattle, hired men) . . 16 
 
 23. Ration-account ....... 21 
 
 24-6. Receipts of grain ...... 22-5 
 
 27. Receipt of grain for workmen ..... 26 
 
 28. Clay bulla with seal-impressions {see frontispiece) . 27 
 
 29. Sheep-account, with seal of a royal scribe ... 31 
 
 30. Receipt of grain ....... 32 
 
 31. Receipt of grain, with seal of Lu-Simaku . . 33 
 
 32. Receipts of grain from ships ..... 35 
 
 33. Label-tablet with impression of cord ... 36 
 
 34. Receipt of garlic (?) ...... 37 
 
 35. Shipments of foodstuffs ...... 38 
 
 36. Purchase of asses ....... 40 
 
 37. Consignments of hides, skins, and sheep . . .41 
 
 38. Receipt of bronze, with seal of Sur-Nin-gis-zidade . 42 
 
 39. Concerning cattle ....... 44 
 
 40. Extract (of an account), or memorandum ... 45 
 
 41. Delivery of fruit ....... 46 
 
 42. Consignments of drink, food, and oil ... 47 
 
 43. Concerning workmen’s wages . . . . . 48 
 
 44. Receipt, with seal of Ura-dam on fragment of the 
 
 envelope ........ 48 
 
X 
 
 CONTENTS 
 
 PAGE 
 
 45. Consignments of sheep ...... 50 
 
 46. Contract for 5 brazen hasuda, with 4 seal-impressions 51 
 
 47. Label-tablet (reference to sheep-food) ... 54 
 
 48. Consignment of food, with seal of Lugal-litar-zu . 55 
 
 49. Consignments of drink, food, and oil ... 56 
 
 50. Offerings of drink and meal, with seal of Lu-kalla . 58 
 
 51. Food for rations ....... 59 
 
 52. Receipt for garments, with seal of Sur-abba . . 60 
 
 53. Sale of a female-slave ...... 61 
 
 54. Deliveries of dairy-produce, with seal of Sur-abba . 62 
 
 55. Receipt of 3 brazen hazi ...... 63 
 
 56. Concerning transport-animals ..... 64 
 
 57. Sheep and their fodder ...... 65 
 
 58. Offerings of drink and meal ..... 66 
 
 59. Receipt of a house from its builder (?) . . . 67 
 
 60. Receipt of grain for the god Enki, with seal of Lugal- 
 
 gu-mah on the envelope-fragment ... 69 
 
 61. Concerning garments ...... 70 
 
 62. Delivery of grain, with seal of scribe . . .71 
 
 63. Receipt of grain, with traces of seal (of Hanini) . 72 
 
 64. Grain -accounts ....... 73 
 
 65. Receipt of grain for the god Gal-alim, seal of Sur-Enzu 75 
 
 66. Three entries concerning sheep, with summation . 76 
 
 67. Concerning sheep ....... 77 
 
 68. Donation (?) of grain ...... 79 
 
 69. Receipt of grain, seal of the royal scribe Sur-Enlilla . 80 
 
 70. Receipt of fish, seal of Naramu (or Lulamu) . . 81 
 
 71. Offerings of dairy-produce, etc. .... 82 
 
 72. Return of amounts of cloth . . . ' . ,83 
 
 73. Return of numbers of workmen .... 84 
 
 74. Consignments of sesame-oil and dates ... 86 
 
 75. Receipt of bronze . . . . . . .86 
 
 76. Grain-accounts ....... 87 
 
 77. Consignments of drink, food, and oil ... 89 
 
 78. Rations-account (cf. No. 88) ..... 90 
 
 79. Consignments of oil, meal, etc. (mention of ISelibu™ 
 
 of Sabu“) ........ 91 
 
 80. 81. Consignments of drink, food, and oil . . . 93-6 
 
 82. Business-letter ....... 96 
 
CONTENTS 
 
 XI 
 
 
 PAGE 
 
 83-5. Consignments of drink, food, and oil . 
 
 97-100 
 
 86. Return as to oxen and hired men . 
 
 . 101 
 
 87. Concerning oxen, pasturage, etc. 
 
 . 102 
 
 88. Rations-account (cf. No. 78) . 
 
 . 104 
 
 89. Furniture belonging to Dadu . 
 
 . 105 
 
 90. Concerning garments .... 
 
 . Ill 
 
 91, 92. Consignments of drink, food, and oil . 
 
 112-14 
 
 93. Memorandum of workmen 
 
 . 115 
 
 94. Payment of silver ..... 
 
 i . 115 
 
 95. Payment for a slave, with seal 
 
 . 117 
 
 96. Memorandum of reapers employed, with seal 
 
 . 119 
 
 97. Memoranda of food distributed 
 
 . 121 
 
 98. Memoranda of grain, etc. 
 
 . 122 
 
 99. Letter from Sin-ismeani 
 
 . 122 
 
 100. Rations-account ..... 
 
 . 123 
 
 101. Rations or payments in grain (Semitic) . 
 
 . 125 
 
 102. Rations or payments (Semitic) 
 
 . 127 
 
 103. Apprenticeship-contract 
 
 . 133 
 
 104. Contract for dates .... 
 
 . 136 
 
 105. Declaration as to meal, etc., received 
 
 . 137 
 
 106. Receipt of grain and dates 
 
 . 141 
 
 107. Contract-note (silver) .... 
 
 . 142 
 
 108. Contract for dates .... 
 
 . 143 
 
 109. Memoranda of receipt of produce 
 
 . 145 
 
 110. A tablet of offerings .... 
 
 . 147 
 
 111. Letter of instructions, etc. 
 
 . 150 
 
 Additional notes ..... 
 
 . 152 
 
 (Nos. 94-9, 101, 102, are early Semitic ; 
 
 Nos. 103-11 
 
 late Semitic.) 
 
 
REPRODUCTIONS of CYLINDER-SEALS 
 
 {From Photographs and Shetches hy the Author) 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Cylinder-seals impressed on the clay bulls described on 
 pp. 27-31 : 1. Dada, one of Dungi’s scribes, led 
 
 before his god ; 2. A-zida, scribe, in a similar 
 scene ....... Frontispiece 
 
 Warriors and a bull-man overcoming an ibex and a lion 
 (cylinder of Sur-Lama) ...... 
 
 Siir-Bau led into the presence of a deity .... 
 
 Lu-Simaku led into the presence of a deity ; behind : 
 a divine worshipper ...... 
 
 A bull-man struggling with a wild animal (cylinder of 
 Lu-Nin-gis-zidade) ....... 
 
 Ura-dam led into the presence of bis god 
 The cylinders of Sur-Nin-gis-zidade, Gudea, Utu-barra, 
 and Bazi (subject in each case : the owner led into 
 the presence of his god) ...... 
 
 Lugal-litar-zu led into the presence of a deity . 
 
 Cylinder of Lu-kalla (similar subject) .... 
 
 Sur-abba led into the presence of bis deity 
 Cylinder of Lugal-[gu-may : man overcoming a lion 
 Cylinder of Lu-Dumuzi (the owner led into the presence 
 of a deity) ........ 
 
 Cylinder of Sur-Enzu (similar subject) .... 
 
 Sur-Enlilla, an official of king Ibe-Sin, before bis god 
 Cylinder of Naramu (inscription only) . . 
 
 Cylinder-impression : traces of the owner bringing an 
 offering ......... 
 
 Inscription from the cylinder of Maruduk- ... 
 
 Sun and moon emblems from a late Babylonian cylinder- 
 seal ......... 
 
 24 
 
 31 
 
 33-4 
 
 43 
 
 49 
 
 51-2 
 
 55 
 
 58 
 61, 63 
 69 
 
 71 
 75 
 80 
 82 
 
 118 
 120 
 
 150 
 
THE BABYLONIAN TABLETS OF THE 
 BEEENS COLLECTION 
 
 By T. G. pinches, M.B.A.S. 
 
 1-6 
 
 tlie tablets of the oldest period from Tel-loli 
 are certain inscriptions on oblong pieces of clay 
 which may be described as rough beads, pointed at each 
 end, and pierced by a hole for a cord. In the Berens 
 Collection are six such objects, varying in size from 
 38 to 51 mm. in length by 28 to 38’5 mm. in greatest 
 diameter. The writing is large and sometimes rough, 
 but is generally clear, as in the case of most documents 
 of the early age of Uru-ka-giiia, whose name they bear. 
 
 An object of this class has already been published by 
 me in the first volume of the Amherst Tablets, p. 14, with 
 a suggested translation. These inscriptions are always 
 identical with the exception of the second and third lines, 
 which are therefore, in all probability, names, as their 
 forms suggest, though the third line may in some cases 
 give the title of an official. In the publication in question 
 I have regarded the first line as meaning “ the lord of the 
 fortification ”, but probably “ garrison ” would be better, 
 in which case the transliteration and translation of these 
 texts should be as follows 
 
 En nu-hada 
 Zo.ga~mtb 
 goEun 
 Urtv-ka- 
 gi-na 
 lugal 
 Sir- la 
 fur- ^ 
 
 ^ Izin with la inside. 
 
 2 . 
 
 En nu-hada 
 Amar-(^- Kistd 
 P^Sur-du 
 Uru-ka- 
 gi-na 
 lugal 
 Sir- la 
 pur- 
 
 3. 
 
 En nu-hada 
 Sur-d.Nin-X ^ 
 P^Bun-hara 
 Uru-ka- 
 gi-na 
 lugal 
 
 Sir- la tci 
 
 pur- 
 
 mu %a 
 
 “ The true order in each case is Sir-pur-laTii. 
 
 1 
 
2 
 
 BABYLONIAN TABLETS OF BEllENS COLLECTION 
 
 Clay Labels in the possession of Randolph 
 
 Berens, Esq. 
 
 Berens 1 
 
 fl 
 
 ■i ^ 
 
 / 
 
 // J ^ y 
 
 f V 
 
 yf 
 
 Wgy ■ 
 
 -j 
 
 
 
 
 - 
 
 ^^TUl T 
 
 
 
 
 ] 
 
 y iW-:;: 
 
 Berens 4 
 
 
 Berens 3 
 
 
 
 
 Berens 2 
 
LABELS. REIGN OF URU-KA-GINA 3 
 
 1. 
 
 2. 
 
 3. 
 
 The lord of the 
 
 The lord of the 
 
 The lord of the 
 
 garrison. 
 
 garrison. 
 
 garrison. 
 
 Zagamu, 
 
 Amar-Kis, 
 
 Sur Nin-X,^ 
 
 the general. 
 
 the official 
 
 the official 
 
 
 Sur-du, 
 
 Dun-bara, 
 
 Uru-ka-gina, 
 
 Uru-ka-gina, 
 
 Uru-ka-gina, 
 
 king 
 
 king 
 
 kino; 
 
 of Lagas. 
 
 of Lao-as. 
 
 o 
 
 of Lagas. 
 
 Year 5. 
 
 4. 
 
 5. 
 
 6. 
 
 En nu-hada 
 
 En nu-hada 
 
 En nu-hada 
 
 Lii-ka- . . . 
 
 Amar-izin 
 
 Mesi-hara 
 
 P<^Amar~izin 
 
 P^Lu-igi 
 
 pO'Lu-a (?) -mak (?) 
 
 Uru-ka- 
 
 U ru-ka- 
 
 Uru-ka-gi- 
 
 gi-na 
 
 gi-na 
 
 na 
 
 lugal 
 
 lugal 
 
 lugal 
 
 Sir-la~pur 
 
 Sir -la 
 
 Sir -la 
 
 
 pur- 
 
 p)ur- 
 
 The lord of the 
 
 The lord of the 
 
 The lord of the 
 
 garrison, 
 
 garrison, 
 
 garrison. 
 
 Lu-ka . . . 
 
 Amar-izin, 
 
 Mesi-bara, 
 
 the official 
 
 the official 
 
 the official 
 
 Amar-izin, 
 
 Lu-igi, 
 
 Lu-amah(?) 
 
 Uru-ka-gina, 
 
 Uru-ka-gina, 
 
 Uru-ka-gina, 
 
 king 
 
 king 
 
 king 
 
 of Lagas. 
 
 of Lagas. 
 
 of Lao^as. 
 
 What the inscriptions on these bead-like objects refer 
 to, and how they are to be understood, is uncertain. That 
 they are addresses is not improbable, but they may be 
 also simply indications of possession. They would in that 
 case merely state that the objects — bags, in all probability 
 — to which they were attached were the property of the 
 chief of some garrison (whose name is given in the second 
 line), that he had either a second in command (No. 1) or 
 
 ^ Izin with la inside. 
 
4 
 
 BABYI.ONIAN TABLETS OF BEKENS COLLECTION 
 
 a secretaiy, or the like (Nos. 2-6), and that the king 
 was Uru-ka-gina, ruler of Lagas. It is noteworthy that 
 Amar-izin, the official mentioned in No. 4, appears as the 
 chief personage in No. 5, suggesting a case of promotion. 
 No. 3 has an indication of the year in the final horizontal 
 wedge crossed by five slanting ones (as shown by 
 Colonel Allotte de la Fuye). This chronological indication 
 is absent in the case of the other five objects of 
 this class. 
 
 The character represented by X in No. 3, 1. 2, is equivalent 
 to the rare Assyrian in Cuneiform Texts, xi, pi. 35 
 
 (76-4-13, 1, 1. 6), and was there originally preceded b}^ 
 m, udu. Both the pronunciation and the meaning, 
 however, are broken away. It may be asked whether this 
 combined group may not be a variant of 7~T~!^T with 
 lal, inside. If this be the case the name might be read 
 Sur-Nin-asila, the deity Nin-asila being possibly ‘‘ the 
 lord of joyous festivity ”, or the like. 
 
 7 (15). No date. 
 
 An unbaked clay tablet, 27 mm. high by 24 mm. wide ; 
 obverse five, reverse three lines of writing with a space 
 between the first and second. Neatly made and well 
 written, but somewhat damaged on the reverse. 
 
 Obverse Reverse 
 
 Transcription. — (1) Usu lima qa zida (2) nis qa zida 
 gu (3) as qa zida kola (4) na-me (5) nis lima sussan qa 
 zida kala (reverse 1) rim~me. 
 
 (2) [zi\-ga (3) nangara. 
 
TABLETS REFERRING TO MEAL, ETC. 
 
 5 
 
 Translation.— 34 qa of meal, 20 qa of ^u-meal, 6 qa of 
 fine(?) meal (for the work-)men ; 24J qa of fine (?) meal 
 (for) tfie couriers. 
 
 Taken away (by) the carpenter. 
 
 This text is characteristic of the period and class to 
 which it belongs. The supplies of meal were apparently 
 for the food of the men referred to, but what was their 
 occupation is not stated. By meal (1. 1), in all probability, 
 wheat-meal may be understood. The p^^-meal (1. 2) 
 has still to be identified. That kala-m^al was something 
 superior may be surmised from lines 5 and 6, where the 
 quantity for the couriers is given — these had fine(?) meal 
 only, no ordinary, and no gu-medA. The carpenter who 
 received the supplies on behalf of the others may have 
 been the chief of the gang. Later on the amounts allotted 
 to each man was stated — so many qa each. This and 
 the two following texts are apparently of the period 
 represented in Amherst Tablets, vol. i, by Nos. 4-15, 
 which seemingly belong to M. Fr. Thureau-Dangin’s 
 third and fourth series (see the notice of his Recueil de 
 Tahlettes, JRAS., 1904, pp. 337 fF.). No. 3c, below, seems 
 to be of a similar nature. The date of this and the 
 following tablets is about 2600 B.c. 
 
 8 (Ic). No date. 
 
 Unbaked clay tablet, 27 mm. high by 26 mm. wide ; 
 obverse four lines of writing in three “ cases ”, reverse the 
 same, with a smal] space between the third and fourth. 
 
 Obverse Reverse 
 
6 
 
 BABYLONIAN TABLETS OF BERENS COLLECTION 
 
 (1—2) As di-es zal-nun (3) gi qa zal-nun (4) ^^-En-zu 
 
 (reverse, 5—6) . -uru, (7) 
 
 (8) Zi-ga. 
 
 Translation. — 1 jar of butter, 1 qa of butter, (for) tlie 
 god Sin. 
 
 (reverse) . . . -uru, the courier. 
 
 Taken away. 
 
 Butter would seem to have been delivered both by 
 measure and by weight. Both items apparently formed 
 an offering to Sin (the moon-god), carried to his temple 
 by the courier named. 
 
 9 (2c). No date. 
 
 Unbaked clay tablet, 29'5 mm. high by 26 mm. wide ; 
 obverse four lines of writing in three cases, reverse four 
 lines in four cases. 
 
 Obverse Reverse 
 
 ( 1 , 2) [^s di]-es [za^-nun (3) A-ba-mu nu-banda 
 (4) as di-es (Rev. 5) ii-da-ioa (6) Be-li-ilu (7) _29a-ri7n 
 (8) zi-ga. 
 
 (1, 2) [1 j]ar (of) [butjter (3) Abamu the steward ; 
 (4) 1 jar (Rev. 5) of udapa, (6) Beli-ilu, (7) the courier, 
 (8) has taken away. 
 
 Though the first two lines are damaged at the beginning 
 the restoration may be regarded as practically certain 
 (cf. 1. 4 and No. 8, 1. 1). 
 
 The nature of the substance designated by udapa is 
 unknown. Perhaps tahad (from the Semitic), “ the 
 luxuriant herb,” is a possible reading and rendering. 
 
TABLETS KEFERRING TO MEAL, ETC. 
 
 7 
 
 Tliough the name Ahamu (“ my patriarch,” or the like) 
 is Sumerian, the second name (in line 6), BSli-ihv, “ my 
 lord is God,” is Semitic, and testifies again to the presence 
 of Semites in Babylonia at an exceedingly early period. 
 As there is no double line, this latter person was possibly 
 the courier who took charge of the udapa. Date about 
 2600 B.c. 
 
 10 (3c). No date. 
 
 An unbaked clay tablet, 22 mm. high by 21 *7 mm. 
 wide; obverse three lines of writing in three cases, reverse 
 one in one case. 
 
 Obverse 
 
 Reverse 
 
 (1) Es sus u qa zida se (2) ga-iidu-ur (3) zi-ga (4) Ur- 
 sag (or Gutu). 
 
 190 qa of barley-meal (for) the shearing-house, taken 
 away (by or for) Ursag (or Gutu). 
 
 Se is regarded as standing for “ barley ”, generally used 
 as cattle-food. For ga-udu~ur, “ house of sheep cutting,” 
 see Langdon, Archives of Dr ehem, p. 12. 
 
 The meaning of the name Ursag is ‘‘ noble ”, or the like, 
 hence, to all appearance, “leader,” “warrior.” It is 
 Semiticized as Ursanii (for ursangu = ursagii). Of this 
 the Sumerian Guttv is a synonym. 
 
 11 (4c). No date. 
 
 Unbaked; 26'5 mm. high, 21mm. wide; obverse six 
 lines of writing in six cases, reverse two lines in two 
 cases, with a wide space between. Colour grey. 
 
8 
 
 BABYLONIAN TABLETS OF BERENS COLLECTION 
 
 Obverse 
 
 Reverse 
 
 Mina sus usu-ia qa zida (2) sa-dug ea-kam (3) tl-qa 
 zida se (4) mina-har qa zida gu (5) Lu-Uri^^-we 
 (6) u-qa udu se (reverse) u-qa ansu. 
 
 Su-nigin usu-sus im ina-har qa. 
 
 155 qa oi meal, the offering (for) the temple ; 10 ga 
 of barley-meal, 2| qa of git-meal (for) the Urites ; 
 10 qa (for) the barley(-fed) sheep ; 10 qa (for) the asses. 
 
 Total : 187 J qa. 
 
 The Urites were people of Ur (of the Chaldees), now 
 Mugheir. 
 
 12 (5c). No date. 
 
 Unbaked ; 34 mm. high by 30 mm. wide ; obverse five 
 lines of writing in three cases, reverse five lines in four 
 cases. Colour grey. 
 
 Reverse 
 
 
 
 as ^“9' hara ge (2-3) as tug lamhus nitah (4-5) nis 
 lamhus us-har (reverse 1) Gu-de-a-ra (2-3) sag nig-ga- 
 ka ha-na-gar (4) zi-ga (5) Akara {'l)-ni-saga. 
 
 6 dyed princely garments ; 6 men’s cloaks, 20 weavers’ 
 cloaks, for Gudea, the chief of the storehouse has had 
 made. Akara (?)-nisaga has taken (them) away. 
 
 Obverse 
 
 i){® 1 
 
 
 
 ■ > 
 
 oo ^ 
 
 IF®: 
 
TABLETS REFERRING TO GARMENTS AND MEAL 
 
 9 
 
 As these garments are generally named* in the order of 
 their importance or value, at the end of line 1 has 
 been regarded as having its meaning of “lord”, or the 
 like. Ttig-hara is translated suhat Sluti (or eliti), 
 “ garment of exaltation,” and suhat Kristi, possibly “ robe 
 of desire ” = “ desirable garment The lamhusa garment 
 was apparently a kind of cloak, and was worn by people 
 of all classes, includinof the kino;. The lamhus-nitah is 
 rendered in Babylonian as sidinnu (see my correction of 
 “Cuneiform Inscriptions of Western Asia”, v, 14, 50d, in 
 the Zeitschrift filr Keilschriftforschung, ii, 265). Muss- 
 Arnolt reads sudinnu, and compares the satinnu of the 
 Tel-al-Amarna tablets, which Schwally, Idioticon, 121-2, 
 compares with the Targum n?- 
 
 Whether the Gudea of this tablet be the well-known 
 ruler of Lagas is uncertain — the fact that these robes 
 were made for his household implies that he was a person 
 of importance. It is noteworthy that the carrier (if he 
 may be so called) bears a name combined with that of the 
 god of Jokha, suggesting that the tablet may have come 
 from that site. 
 
 13 (6c). No date. 
 
 Unbaked ; 25-5 mm. high by 23-5 mm. wide ; obverse 
 three practically defaced lines in three cases, reverse three 
 perfect lines in three cases. Colour grey. 
 
 Obverse Reverse 
 
 (1) Gi susdal-lama gur se (2) u ia qa zida-gu (3) nis 
 qa-laUgi zida . . -na (rev. 1) vim~me (2) zi-ga (3) Ni-sig. 
 
10 BABYLONIAX TAB, LETS OF 15ERENS COLLECTIOX 
 
 56 gur of barley-meal ; 15 qa of gu-mea\ ; 19 gur of 
 . . . meal (for) the couriers. Taken by Nisig. 
 
 The transcription and translation of the obverse is 
 nothing more than an attempt to indicate the possible 
 nature of its contents. A similar text is that of No. 7, 
 above, p. 4. 
 
 14 (8c). No year. 
 
 Unbaked ; 29'2 mm. high by 26 mm. wide ; obverse 
 five lines in three cases, reverse six lines in four cases. 
 Colour grey. 
 
 Obverse Reverse 
 
 (1) Lama dug-hi-a lugala (2-3) gir nu-handa a-sag 
 nigin gin-na-me (4-5) As gar ga-ga-tum gur (6) gir 
 Ba-ha-an-na (7) zahar-Jca (8) hi Lu-<^-Nin-saha-ta (9) gir 
 Lugal-sig-ea-mu. 
 
 (10) Iti Amar-a-a-si. 
 
 4 royal garments have gone to the superintendent of 
 the enclosed field, (and) 1 gur of gagatum-iood — certifier : 
 Babanna the accountant (?). From Lu-Nin-sah through 
 Lua:al-sio|;-ea-mu. 
 
 Month Amar-aasi. 
 
 The first character of the second line {gir) seems to be 
 erased, and has therefore not been translated. 
 
 The zahar-ku was evidently an official who had to do 
 with payments in kind, etc., as is indicated by Berens 
 No. 12 (p. 8). He had to do with the transfer of 
 property, etc. 
 
TABLETS REFERRING TO OIL, DRINK, AND FOOD 11 
 
 15 (9c). No year. 
 
 Unbaked ; 23 mm. high by 20'5 mm. wide ; obverse 
 five lines in three cases, reverse two lines in two cases. 
 Colour grey. 
 
 Obverse Reverse 
 
 (1) Gi d-gam zal-gis (2-3) A-miir-d.Addii lu-kirim 
 (4»=.5) Ki-mas(^i)4a gin-ni. 
 
 (6) Zi-ga (7) iti Dim-Ima. 
 
 1 measure of sesame-oil, Amiir-Addu the courier. 
 Brought from Kimal 
 
 Removed (in) the month Dim-kua. 
 
 Kimas is supposed to be the district on tlie south-west 
 of Babylonia. 
 
 (The tablet has been broken flakewise. In the 
 drawing the crack is visible on the right-hand edge of 
 the obverse and the left-liand edge and upper part of the 
 reverse.) 
 
 16 (10c). No year. 
 
 Upper half (looking at the obverse) unbaked, 32*5 mm. 
 high by 27 wide ; obverse seven lines of writing, reverse and 
 edge below eight lines, left-hand edge one line. Colour grey. 
 
 Obverse Reverse 
 
12 BABYLONIAN TABLETS OF BERENS COLLECTION 
 
 (1) la qa has, ia qa gar, (2) gi zal d-gam, (8) Su- 
 Dumu-zi-da (?), (4) la qa kas, ia qa gar, (5) Na-na 
 sukkal, (6) m qa has, ia qa gar, O) gi zal d-gam, . . . 
 
 (1) E (l)-hi (l)-ha {l)-ti (1), (2) la qa has, ia qa gar 
 (3) gir I-ti-a sukkal. (4) la. qa kas, ia qa gar, (5) gi zal 
 d-gam (6) Su-^-Ma-mi, sukkal, (7) An-m-an^^^-ta 
 (8) gin-na. 
 
 (Left-hand edge) : [III] Izin-^^-Ba-u. 
 
 5 qa of drink, 5 qa of food, 1 measure of oil, Su-Dumu- 
 zida. 5 qa of drink, 5 qa of food, Nana, the messenger- 
 5 qa of drink, 5 qa of food, 1 measure of oil . . . 
 
 . . . has received (?); 5 gaof drink, 5 qa of food, througli 
 Itia, the messenger ; 5 qa of drink, 5 qa of food, 1 measure 
 of oil, Su-Mami, the messenger : brought from Ansan. 
 
 (Left-hand edge) [Month] Izin-Bau. 
 
 17 (11c). No year. 
 
 Unbaked ; 86'2 mm. higli by 29'2 mm. wide ; obverse 
 six lines of writing, reverse seven lines. Colour grey. 
 
 Obverse 
 
 A 
 
 
 
 
 'ff 
 
 
 Reverse 
 
 A 
 
 (1) JJ qa kas, (2) u qa gar, (3) u gin zal-gis, (4) Ur-ra-a. 
 (5) la qa kas, (6) ia qa gar, (7) ia gin zal-gis, (8) Sur- 
 me-ga sukkal. (9) la qa kas, (10) ia qa gar, (11) ia gin 
 zal-gis, (12) Kal-la.-mu. (13) Iti Mu-su-du. 
 
 10 qa of drink, 10 qa of food, 10 gin of sesame-oil, 
 Urraa ; 5 qa of drink, 5 qa of food, 5 gin of sesame-oil, 
 Sur-mega, the messenger ; 5 qa of drink, 5 qa of food, 
 5 gin of sesame-oil, Kallamu. Month Mu-su-du. 
 
DRINK, FOOD, AND OIL, RECEIPT OF AN ASS 13 
 
 The names of the agents are interesting, but the details 
 are scantier than in other inscriptions of the same class. 
 
 18 (12c). No year. 
 
 Unbaked; 32’6 mm. high by 26*5 mm. wide; obverse 
 five lines, reverse one line of writing. Colour grey. 
 Damaged by the salt which it contains. 
 
 Obverse 
 
 (1) Gi ansu ba~bat, (2) Id Gar-du-ta, (3) Lu-^'Nin-sah 
 
 (4) dumu Lu-^-Ba-u (5) su-hadi. 
 
 (6) Iti Stv-umuna. 
 
 1 adult ass, from Gar-dii, Lu-Niii-sah, son of Lu-Bau, 
 has received. 
 
 Month Su“Umuiia (Tammuz). 
 
 19 (26). 13th date of Dungi. 
 
 Unbaked ; 48 ‘5 mm. high by 39 mm. wide ; obverse 
 seven lines of writing in four cases, reverse nine lines in 
 seven cases. Well written, but the text has suffered 
 somewhat on account of the soft surface and a certain 
 amount of chemical action. 
 
 (1-2) Nis gi ga-gi ha('i)4ab-ha (3-4) Sur-dun na-gci~ip 
 
 A 
 
 (5) As gur dup engur-zu-ba (6-7) Sur-sag-ga dumu Lu- 
 ^•Ana (rev. 1) ga-nunada (2) Uda gur dup (3-4) Nam- 
 ha-ni dup-mra-ga, (5) S-gcdada (6) zi-ga (7) Iti mu-su- 
 du (8) Qiiu d’Nu-mus-da (9) e=a hadur-ra 
 
 20 double cane-sections (?) (for) Sur-dun— stock (?) ; 
 6 gtir of dup-engur-zuha, (for) Sur-sagga, son of Lu-Ana, 
 
14 BABYLONIAN TABLETS OF BEKENS COLLECTION 
 
 (rev.) from the depot ; 15 (jur of duii (for) Namhani, tlie 
 scribe, from the palace. Taken away. Month Musudu, 
 year the god Numusda entered the temple. 
 
 This text is one presenting considerable difficulty on 
 account of the unusual words. If my suggestion that 
 gagi (1) means piece” be correct/ gi gagi would mean 
 literally “ section-reed ”, and designate a kind of bamboo, 
 as the prefix gi = qaml, “ cane,” indicates.^ For 
 
 the substances referred to in lines 5 and 9, see note 2. 
 The meaning of na-ga-ip is uncertain. Compare, however, 
 na-da-ip, applied to animals (oxen). 
 
 Obverse Reverse 
 
 The date (the 8th of the reign of Dungi, but the 13th 
 of that king, according to Radau) is a rare one. The 
 temple of Numusda was in Kasallu. 
 
 ^ Cf. the British Museum tablet 17753 {Cuneiform Texts, v, pis. 39fF. ), 
 where woven stuffs are referred to ; also Amherst Tablets, vol. i, No. 7. 
 
 ^ Lines 1 and 2 may, however, refer to reed-mats, not to reeds or 
 canes themselves, and diip-engur-zuba is possibly to be translated 
 “ water-channel clay ”, or the like : the juxtaposition of the two reminds 
 us that clay was used for bricks, and that, in the temple-towers, every 
 seventh course of brickwork was separated from the rest by a layer 
 of reed-matting. Dup in line 9 might, in that case, signify the superior 
 kind of clay needed by a scribe — here Namhani in lines 10-11. 
 
MEN EMPLOYED ON A GRAIN-SHJP 
 
 15 
 
 20 (36). 37th date of Dungi. 
 
 Unbaked; 38*5 mm. high by 34*75 mm. wide ; obverse 
 tive lines of writing in as many cases, reverse with five 
 lines in three cases. Well preserved. 
 
 Obverse Reverse 
 
 (1) As sus u-gi gums (2) u gi(a)-su (3) erion ma se-ka 
 (4) pa Sur-d.Ba~u (5) nu-handa Lu-dug~ga (rev. 6) gir 
 Lul-a-mu (7) dumu Lu-<^- En-lil-la 
 
 (8) Iti Izin-d-Ne-gun (9-10) mu An-kt-an^^ ha-hul. 
 371 men for 1 day — the grain-ship’s workmen. 
 Secretary : Sur-Ban ; captain : Lu-dugga ; (rev.) certifier : 
 Lulamu, son of Ln-Enlilla. 
 
 Month Izin-Negun, year he ravaged Ansan. 
 
 21 (7c). Dungi, 46th date. 
 
 A small baked clay tablet, 29*2 mm. high by 24*7 mm. 
 wide, inscribed with six lines of writing in four cases 
 on the obverse and seven lines in four cases on the reverse. 
 Colour, pale yellowish grey. 
 
 Obverse Reverse 
 
16 BABYLONIAN TABLETS OF BERENS COLLECTION 
 
 (1) Gi sus nimin amar es qa (2) se-ta (3) il lama-ht 
 (4) se-hi lama gur (5) lugala (6) hi A-hal-la-ta (7) gir 
 Ha-ni-ni (8-9) u Sur-ma-ma du-gah. (10) Iti mu-m-dn 
 (11) mu en d.Nan- (12) na mas-e ip- (13) 
 
 100 steer at 3 qa of grain each, for four days, their 
 grain is 4 royal guv. From Akalla. Through Hanini and 
 Sur-mama, the du-gah. 
 
 Month Mu-su-du, year the oracle announced 4he priest 
 of Nanna(r) (the moongod). 
 
 22 (llh). Dungi, date 47«. 
 
 Baked; 13 cm. high by 70’5 mm. Avide ; 105 lines of 
 writing in two columns on each side (obv. i, 25 ; ii, 26 ; 
 rev. i, 30 ; ii, 24 lines). The text is divnded into sections, 
 the first ending with line 18 of col. i, the second AAuth 
 line 7 of the second col. of the reverse, and the third wnth 
 line 20 of the same. Blank spaces of about three lines 
 mark the divisions, but the lines Avhich immediately folloAA^ 
 the spaces refer to the sections which precede. The right- 
 hand column of the reverse has been somewhat damag^ed 
 by the crystals which covered the greater part of it. 
 These were removed by soaking the tablet in water for 
 about four days. 
 
 (Obv. i, 1) 40 gur 70 qa of royal grain, (2) grain 
 amount borrowed. (3) Agent: Susuwi. (4) 1 gur of se-kurra 
 (? barley) ; (5) by hire, by hand, (6) 120 qa the labourers 
 (7) of Lu-Gis-bar-e. (8) 15 gur 70 qa (9) terd grain. 
 (10)2 gur 150 qa of gu-gala, (11) 2 gur 210 qa of wheat, 
 (12-13) 116 qa of zizi-nealum ; (14) 5 gur 180 qa of 
 mountain-grain; (15) 36 gur 150 qa (16) from the 
 storehouse. (17) 1 gur less 10 qa of herbs du (18) in 
 store (?) ijca-a-ra). 
 
 (19-20) Total: 99 gur 280 qa of grain royal; 
 (21-2) Total : 5 gur llQ qa oi gu (and) wheat (23) is the 
 amount in stock. (24) From its midst (25) hur-u mina 
 bur + J + tV gan (i.e. 12 gan 1025 mr), (col. ii, 
 
TABLET INSCRIBED WITH ACCOUNTS 
 
 17 
 
 1. 1) the grain of its cultivation (2) (is) 18 gur 225 qa. 
 (3) 692 men for 1 day, (4-5) their hire is 18 gur 96 qa — 
 (6) (these are) the hired men; (7-8) 70 less 1 plough-oxen 
 for 1 day, (9-10) their hire is 19 gur 150 qa. (11) Field 
 of Ahdi^: (12) 4 gan 900 sar, (13-14) the grain of its 
 
 Obverse 
 
 
 cultivation is 6 gur 225 qa. (15) 187 men for 1 day, (16) 12 
 plough-oxen for 1 day, (17—18) their hire is 8 gur 176 qa. 
 (19) The field of Sagama — (20—1) the pay of its hired oxen 
 and hired men (22) he has guaranteed : (23) 1 gur 120 qa 
 the payment for the hired oxen, (24) Lu-uru-ki, son of 
 
 ^ Or “field of Eski ”, or “ field of the city Es ”, 
 
 2 
 
18 BABYLOXIAX TABLETS 
 
 OF BERENS COLLECTION 
 
 Bazigi , (25) 1 gur Lu-melam ; (26) 1 gur Lugal-ubduga. 
 (Bev. i, 1) 1 gur Aa-kalla, (2) 1 giLv Sur-Bau. (3) 1 gur 
 Sui-Xun-gala. (4) 1 gur Atu. (5) 1 gur Matilu“, (6) 
 husbandmen. (7) 150 qa Lu-saga-inu-zu. (8) 1 gur 
 Sur-Lama. (9) 150 qa Habdu. (10) ox-tenders. (11) 
 
 Bevet'se 
 
 T S' ^ Tf If ^ 
 
 
 
 
 ^ Tf 
 
 f !f ^ 
 
 Tf 
 
 2 gur Lu-Xiuni sou of Enzara : (12) 1 gur for the 
 distributor of the grain-food, (13) Sur-Bau the tonsure- 
 cutter ; (14) 1 gur for the distributor of the /oirra -grain, 
 (15) Lu-ka-ni the man, (16) has been removed. (17) 100 qa 
 this city, (18) 120 qa Ura-Bau; (19) 80 qa Sur-Mntu; 
 
22. TABLET INSCRIBED WITH ACCOUNTS 
 
 19 
 
 (20) 60 qa Lu-ma-gula; (21) 60 qa Mas-gula ; (22) 
 60 qa En-sag-azag-gi ; (23) the nourishers of the people. 
 (24-5) 110 qa gin id Nina^^ gin (? ‘Hhe woman going 
 to the Nina-canal ”). (26) 1 gv^r 290 qa is their grain, 
 
 (27) the nourishment for the month Dim-kua (28) and the 
 month Izin-Dungi. (29) 80 qa the subscription of the 
 seer, (30) has been requisitioned, (rev. ii, 1) certifier ; 
 Bau-du-ku. (2) 60 qa the sustenance of Bazi ; (3) official : 
 
 A 
 
 E-zi-mu ; (4) 2 gur 120 qa the wage of the brickmaker (?), 
 (5-6) seal of Nin-a-na son of Kinunir-ki, (7) authorized. 
 
 (8-9) Total : 86 gur 92 qa (10) withdrawn ; (11) total : 
 4 gur 250 qa (12) authorized, (13) taken away. (14-15) 
 Balance (lalli) 8 gur 238 qa ; (16-17) 5 gur 176 qa salt 
 (and) spices (18) in addition (lalliam). (19) Allowances 
 made (nig-lag-sa). (20) Baga, superintendent of the oxen. 
 
 (21-4) Year (the king) ravaged Simurruwi (and) 
 Lulubuin for the 10th time less 1. 
 
 The two totals of 99 gur 280 qa and 5 gur 176 qa 
 (obv. i, 19-22) are made up of the items in lines 1—18 in 
 that column as follows : — - 
 
 40 gur 70 qa 
 1 „ 120 „ 
 
 15 „ 70 „ 
 
 2 „ 150 „ 
 
 2 „ 210 „ 
 
 116 „ 
 
 5 „ 180 „ 
 
 36 „ 150 „ 
 
 290 „ 
 
 105 gur 156 qa 
 
 The items totalled in lines 21-2 are apparently in 
 lines 10-13 — 
 
 2 gur 150 qa gugal. 
 
 2 „ 210 ,, se-lu. 
 
 116 „ zizi-nealum. 
 
 Total in line 21 
 
 5 gur 176 qa 
 
20 BABYLOXIAN TABIJITS OF BEREXS COLLECTIOX 
 
 Gu-gal, se-lu, and zizi-neahim (11. 10-13) are there- 
 fore all classed as gu and Se-lu, whilst the remaining 
 products, ^-karra-ea, se-kiu’i\j, se-terd, ^-kura, “ mountain 
 grain/' and RIgarG-DU, come under the heading of & 
 simply (obv. i, 1-9, 14-17, 19-20). 
 
 The second column of the obverse gives the amount of 
 the expenditure in connexion with certain fields, including 
 the hire of labourei*s, etc., and oxen. The amounts are as 
 follows : — 
 
 Ox-food {har-gud) 
 
 18 gur 
 
 225 qa 
 
 Wages of 692 men 
 
 18 
 
 
 96 „ 
 
 Hire of 69 oxen . 
 
 19 
 
 
 150 „ 
 
 Ox-food (Abdi’s field) . 
 
 6 
 
 
 225 „ 
 
 Hire of 187 men and 12 oxen 
 
 8 
 
 99 
 
 176 „ 
 
 Ln-nru-ki's oxen . 
 
 1 
 
 
 120 „ 
 
 Lu-melam and 6 others 
 
 1 
 
 « • 
 
 
 Ln-saga-mn-zu 
 
 
 
 150 „ 
 
 Snr-Lama .... 
 
 1 
 
 99 
 
 
 Habdu .... 
 
 
 
 150 „ 
 
 Lu-Xinni .... 
 
 2 
 
 99 
 
 
 Snr-Ban .... 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 Ln-kani .... 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 Total (rev. ii, 8) . 
 
 86 gur 
 
 92 qa 
 
 The next total sums up the amounts in rev. i, 16—25, 
 and is contained in line 26 : 1 gur 290 qa. 
 
 This, added to the further items in rev. i, 29, 30, and 
 ii, 1—4, gives the total in rev. ii, 11 : 4 gur 250 qa, but 
 the ^ in line 3 has to be regarded as a title, and not as 
 the character for 20 ^a. 
 
 The 86 gur 92 qa in rev. ii, 8, deducted from the 
 99 gur 280 qa in obv. i, 19, leave 13 gur 188 qa, and 
 deducting from this, again, the total of 4 gur 250 qa 
 given in rev. ii, 11, we have the l3alance of 8 gur 238 qa 
 entered in line 14 of the same column. 
 
 The further overplus of salt and herbs (?) in lines 16—17, 
 5 gur 176 qa, is the same as the total of gu se-Iu in 
 lines 21-2, col. i, of the obverse. JIun and GA-\-AS = 
 
23. WORKMEN AND THEIR FOOD 
 
 21 
 
 Semitic hasii (rev. ii, 16-17) would therefore seem to be 
 synonyms of gu se-lii. 
 
 It is noteworthy that the two distributors of the 
 produce or food (col. i of the rev., 12 and 14) are 
 indicated by mu, generally translated “ cook ” or “ baker ”, 
 but these renderings, if correct, are probably secondary 
 ones. And here it may be noted that the name of the 
 character, mu-haltimmu possibly has nothing to do with 
 the Aramaic naJitom, “ baker,” but is simply two values 
 or meanings of mu combined, to distinguish it from some 
 other character having the name of mu. 
 
 The months Dim-kua and Izin-Dungi were the 6th and 
 8th of the Babylonian year, corresponding with August- 
 September and October— November, according to the 
 common identifications. 
 
 23 (46). Dungi, date 47a. 
 
 Unbaked; 49'5 mm. high by 35‘5 mm. wide; obverse 
 seven out of an original nine lines of writing, reverse and 
 edge below nine lines. The upper part of the obverse 
 (slower part of the reverse) is damaged by fractures, 
 whereby the first two lines of the former, and part of 
 a line on the edge below the latter, are wanting. 
 Colour grey. 
 
 Obverse Reverse 
 
22 BABYLONIAN TABLETS OF BERENS COLLECTION 
 
 (1) [U-nimin gurus, (2) gara-hi gi qa-t^a, (3) 7iu- 
 banda Sur-<^\Ba-u ?] ; (4) nis-ia g[urus\, (5) uu-handa 
 Gu-u-mu ; (6) nis-lama gurus, (7) nu~handa Ab-ba- 
 mu ; (8) 7iis gurus, (9) nu-banda Lu-^-Nin-sah. 
 
 (10) Su-nigin gi sus oiis-es gurus gi qa (11) gara-bi 
 gi sus nis-es qa-ta, (12) hi Lugal-alima-ta, (13) a-du 
 mina-ham. (14) Iti Amar-a-a-si, (15) mu Si-inu-ru- 
 um^^ (16) Lu-lu-bu-um^^ (17) a~du u-lal-gi-lcam-ma 
 (19) [b^a-hida. 
 
 [14 men, their food 1 qa each], ganger: Sur-[Bau] ; 
 25 men, ganger : Gu-u-mu ; 24 men, ganger : Abba-mu ; 
 20 men, ganger : Lu-Nin-sah. 
 
 Total : 83 men at 1 qa (each), their food is 83 qa, from 
 Lugal-alim, the second time. Month Amar-aasi, year 
 (the king) ravaged Simuru^^ (and) Lulubu”^ for the tenth 
 time less 1. 
 
 The first two lines are restored in accordance with the 
 total given in line 10. 
 
 24 (9). 49th date of Dungi. 
 
 Unbaked; 45 mm. high by 35‘5 mm. wide, obverse 
 six lines in five cases, reverse six lines in five cases, the 
 third and fourth divided from each other by a space. 
 
 (1-2) Es sus ninnu se gur lugala (3) ma a-si-ga 
 (4) Nipri^^-ku (5) hi Ma-nida (6) Res-ti-um (rev. 7) 
 su-ba-ti (8) Gir : Lugal-ki-gala (9) pa Sur-^-IE-^-Ba-u 
 
A GRAVV-CARGO FOR NIFFER. RECEIPT OF GRAIN 23 
 
 (10) Iti Se-il-la (11) mu Ki-mas^^ ha-hul. 
 
 230 gur of grain royal, by the ebb-tide ship to Niffer, 
 from Mani, Restium has Teceived. Offieial : Lugal-kigala ; 
 secretary : Sur-Isi-Bau. 
 
 Month §e-illa, year he ravaged Kimas. 
 
 The “ ebb-tide ” boat was probably one used when the 
 river was low, and was possibly of shallow draught. 
 To all appearance in^ this case it went from Lagas to 
 Nippur. I have transcribed the name of the receiver 
 as R^stiu'^ in consequence of its Semitic appearance. 
 Among other Semitic names may be noted Sarru'^-ili, 
 ‘‘ the king is my god ” ; MatimW ^ ; Pi-sa-hali, ‘‘ word of 
 the seer(?)”; Ahi-milu'^, “my brother is the flood (?)”; 
 Nuhalu'^, “ palm-tree (?)” ; Tdhu'^, “the good”; Addu- 
 hani, “Hadad has created (him)”; Alatini, Abzalw^, etc. 
 (Amherst Tablets, pp. 76, 78, 120, 145, 180, 183, 186). 
 See also No. 9, 1. 6 above. 
 
 The name Lugal-higala occurs in Reisner’s Tem(pel- 
 urJcunden, 164^®, rev. 19. Snr-Isi-Bau occurs in three 
 of his texts, but it is doubtful whether the same man 
 is meant. 
 
 25 (66). 49th date of Dungi. 
 
 Unbaked ; 38 mm. high by 31 mm. wide, obverse four 
 lines of writino; in four cases, reverse four lines in three 
 cases, with a blank space of one line between the second 
 and third lines of the latter. 
 
 Obverse Reverse 
 
24 BABYLONIAN TABLETS OF BERENS COLLEQTION 
 
 (1) Es-mina ms se gur lugala (2) ki Ah-ha-mu-ta 
 (3) Lu-kal-la (4) m-ha-ti (rev. 5) su-su-dam (6) sag 
 e-ga-sur-ra. 
 
 (7) Mu Ki-mas^^ (8) ha-liul. 
 
 3 gur 120 qa of grain royal from Abbamu, Lu-kalla has 
 received as revenue within the storehouse. 
 
 Year he ravag^ed Kimal 
 
 26 (11). Dungi, 50tli date. 
 
 Baked, envelope unopened ; 50 inni. high by 44*2 mm. 
 wide ; obverse five, lower part of the reverse three lines 
 of writing:. The surface and edgfes are covered with 
 impressions of the cylinder-seal of the scribe, Sur-Lama. 
 
 Obverse Reverse 
 
 (1) Ninnu-es se gur lugala (2) se uig-galda (3) zid- 
 duga-ku (4) ki Lu-nam-tar~ra-ta (5) duha Sur-d.£ama 
 dumu Ura-mu. 
 
RECEIPT OF GRAIN 
 
 25 
 
 ^ - 7 • 
 
 (6) Iti 8u-umuna (7) mu-us-sa Ki-mas^^ ha-hula. 
 
 53 guv of royal grain ; grain-property for milling, from 
 Lu-namtarra. Seal of Sur-Lama son of Ura-mu. 
 
 Month Tammuz, year after he ravaged Kim as. 
 
 Sur-Lama’s cylinder-seal did not show the common 
 design of the owner presented to his god, but the 
 exceedingly ancient subject representing men struggling 
 with animals. Beginning on the right of the inscription, 
 the design shows a personage clothed in a tunic, wearing 
 a kind of helmet upon his head, attacking a lion. The 
 animal stands erect on his hind-legs, and has his back to 
 the warrior, who holds him bv the mane, and is about to 
 pierce him at the shoulder, with the pointed but broad 
 sword which he holds in his right. The animal’s tail 
 hangs downwards. Farther to the right, and apparently 
 holding the lion, to prevent him from turning and 
 attacking the warrior, is a Babylonian “ bull-man ” horned 
 and ringletted. Though the body of this composite 
 creature faces the lion, the face is turned towards the 
 spectator. On the right of this is another group- — a man 
 clothed in a tunic, and wearing a flat hat broader at the 
 top than round the head, struggling with an ibex. This 
 last is rearing on its hind-legs, and has the muzzle 
 pointed upwards so that the horns, curved forward at 
 the tip, are directed downwards. To all appearance, the 
 man’s arm passes round the animal’s neck, probably to 
 strangle it. . 
 
 The inscription reads, as usual, downwards, and is in 
 two columns, as follows : — 
 
 Sur-^-Lama 
 
 
 dumu Ura-niu 
 
 dup-sara 
 
 Sur-Lama, 
 
 ,, son of Ura-mu. 
 
 the scribe, 
 
 Numerous reproductions of cylinder-seals representing 
 warriors attacking wild animals are given by Hayes 
 Ward, The Seal-Cylinders of Western Asia, pp. 44-7, but 
 none resemble this very closely. 
 
26 BAP.YLOXIAX TABLETS OF BERENS COLLECTIOX 
 
 27 (10). Date 50a of Dungi. 
 
 Unbaked ; 36 mm. high by 33 mm. wide ; obverse six 
 lines of writino: in five cases, reverse four lines in two 
 cases separated by a widish space. 
 
 Obverse Beverse 
 
 (1) TJ hi lama sus ninnii-iinina qa (2) se gur lugala 
 (3) d III hun-ga (4) ki Dii-clu-ta (5) Sur-^^-En-zu (6) su- 
 ha-ti (rev. 7) a-kig a-sag zal-la (?) a-du-dii-a. 
 
 (9) Mu us-sa Ki-m[af\ — (10) mu uhsa-hi. 
 
 30 gur 297 qa of grain ro^^al, the wage of the workman, 
 from Dudu, Sur-Enzu has received. The field of the 
 flowing head- water (?) (where) the water runs. 
 
 Year after Ki[mas] — year after that. 
 
 In the first line, after «<> are traces of the wedges of 
 an erased character, su£o;estinor that the scribe had begun 
 to write instead of yf, and inserted the right form 
 after the erasure. 
 
 The reading liiinga for is indicated by the 
 
 fragment 80-11-12, 106, reverse, from which I extract the 
 following paragraph : — 
 
 
 Vr -I 
 
 hun 1 
 
 
 - 
 
 iddir 
 
 ■ET4T ■£! n 
 
 TT 
 
 d-hun-ga 
 
 
 -fcfc »— 
 
 ‘ ‘ 1 
 
 aicelu hun-ga 
 
 aga-ru'^^, to hire. 
 ig-rum, hire. 
 
 „ hire. 
 
 ag-rum, hired man. 
 
 My first reading of the first line of the reverse was 
 a-sag a-ka-du-suh, but this, on a 
 
 more searchincr examination, seemed to be incorrect. 
 
RECEIPT OF GRAIN, AND CLAY BULLA 
 
 27 
 
 For zala, with the meaning of dhalu, “to bring,” 
 
 see Reisner’s Hymns, 88, rev., 13, 18, etc,; also 
 
 means “to cross” (Stequ). Elsewhere a-sag appears as 
 a kind of field -produce, and has the prefix zida, “ meal.” 
 
 Line 9 may be completed Hf- ipf, 
 
 mu us-sa Ki-mas^h “year after (the king ravaged) 
 Kimas,” and this I have adopted. 
 
 28 (8). Reign of Dungi. 
 
 A roughly rectangular bulla of clay, shaped, also 
 roughly, like a gable-roof (angle about 72°), 60*5 mm. in 
 greatest length parallel with the ridge, 66*5 mm. measured 
 at right angles therewith, thickness from the base to the 
 top of the ridge 34 mm. The slope impressed with 
 A-zida’s seal is 37 ’5 mm. high, and that occupied by Dada’s 
 40 mm. The ridge is slightly flattened in consequence of 
 a strip of the middle of A-zida’s cylinder-seal being 
 impressed there. (The cylinder-impressions on the sloping 
 surfaces are parallel with the ridge.) 
 
 The more interesting of the two cylinders is that of 
 Dada, he having been one of the secretaries of king 
 Dungi (about 2300 B.C.). The height of this is 32 mm., 
 the length of the section impressed being about 48 mm. 
 The inscription — lines in one column — occupies the 
 centre of the impression. On the right of the inscription is 
 the figure of Dada, the owner, well impressed. He looks 
 towards the right, and is led forward by a female divinity 
 (in a flounced robe), who grasps his left wrist in her right 
 hand. Only a portion of her head-dress and her right 
 arm are seen. Dada is shown as a shaven priest, clothed 
 in the usual long fringed robe reaching to the feet. His 
 right shoulder and arm are bare, and his hand is raised 
 to the level of his mouth in salutation to the deity whose 
 image is impressed on the other side of the inscription. 
 Whether there be any intention to produce a likeness of 
 Dada or not is doubtful, but it is noteworthy that the 
 
28 BABYLONIAN TABLETS OF BERENS COLLECTION 
 
 type of his face is not Semitic, and possibly, also, not 
 Sumerian, the nose being extremely pointed. 
 
 The seated deity on the left of the inscription was the 
 extreme right-hand figure of the subject. He has a thick- 
 brimmed hat, and was probably bearded. His right 
 shoulder is bare, and his arm, bent at the elbow, is held 
 forward, the hand holding a vase with a ring-handle, the 
 corresponding handle on the left, if that existed on the 
 original stone cylinder, being unimpressed. The deity 
 holds the vase, between his fingers and thumb, by the 
 base. He is clothed in a lono^ flounced robe which covers 
 his left shoulder. His left elbow touches the back of his 
 seat, upon which it rests. The hand is uncovered, and is 
 held just above the level of the deity’s waist. One foot 
 only — -that nearest the cliair — is impressed. The length 
 of this is possibly somewhat exaggerated, but the indication 
 of the ankle-joint shows that realistic detail was not 
 neglected. The deity’s seat is rectangular, and appears as 
 a moulded frame divided into two panels by a central 
 support, decorated at the top by a festoon -like curve on 
 each side, in relief. The back of the chair, which is no 
 higher than the deity’s elbow, slopes outwards (to the 
 right). The chair rests upon an engraved line, and the 
 deity’s foot upon a thinner line at a higher level. Behind 
 the deity (between him and the inscription) is a standard 
 terminating at the top in a lion, facing and walking to 
 the left, the mouth open, and the tail curved upwards, 
 forwards, and then backwards. The line upon which the 
 lion rests is represented as sloping upwards, and there 
 seem to be traces of some addition to tlie standard 
 (a wedge-shaped (?) cross-piece) beneath the support of 
 the animal. The inscription consists of six complete lines 
 reading downwards, and extending nearly the whole 
 .width of the cylinder. Straight lines enclose and divide 
 the lines of writing from each other, and on the extreme 
 left there is the half-line completing the text, between the 
 
28. CLAY BULLA 
 
 29 
 
 main portion of the inscription and the lower part of the 
 staff of the standard. The text of the inscription reads as 
 follows : — 
 
 1. dingir Dun - gi Dungi, 
 
 2. nitah kalag - ga the powerful man, 
 
 3. lugal Uri - wa king of Ur, 
 
 4. lugal an -uh-da- tabtab - ba king of the four regions, 
 
 5. Da - da dup - sara Dada, the scribe, 
 
 6. dumu 8ur-(^^'>w^ Dumu-zi-da son of Sur-Dumu-zida, 
 
 7. warad-zu his servant. 
 
 The identity of this Dada has still to be established — 
 the name is far from being an uncommon one in the 
 inscriptions of the period. His father’s name, Sur-Dumu- 
 zida, means “ servant of the god Tammuz ”. 
 
 The seal-impression on the other slope of the gable 
 shows, on the right of the inscription, a shaven and robed 
 priest similar to Dada, but somewhat shorter, and with 
 the nose not so pointed. He, too, is being led forward by 
 a divine attendant, the back outline of whose head-dress 
 and flounced (goatskin) robe is visible. The design, 
 however, is completed on the left-hand side of the 
 inscription, where we see traces of the front of the robe 
 of the owner of the cylinder, A-zida, and the whole of 
 the flounced skirt of the introducer who leads him 
 forward. Her left arm, as in other cases, was evidently 
 covered with her robe, and her hand was raised, with a 
 
 A 
 
 gesture similar to that of A-zida, in salutation to the 
 deity. This last is seated on a rectangular panelled seat, 
 the framework and the central support of which are both 
 moulded, but the last has no decorative festoon-like curves 
 on each side. The deity is bearded, and wears the horned 
 hat of divinity, which fronts the spectator, notwithstanding 
 that the face is profile. He wears a flounced (goatskin) 
 robe, and his arms and hands occupy similar positions to 
 those of the divine figure on the other side of the ridge, 
 but his left hand is empty, the palm towards the spectator. 
 
30 BABYLONIAN TABLETS OF BERENS COLLECTION 
 
 The seat has no back, and rests, with the feet of the deity, 
 on a plinth. In the field, in front of the face of the god, 
 is a goat or a goat-fish, emblem of Capricorn, and behind 
 this another emblem of a doubtful nature. It is this 
 cylinder which has been impressed again at the top of the 
 ridge, where the body of the divine introducer, the deity 
 (who there seems to be holding his long beard), the central 
 portion of the inscription, and the traces of A-zida’s waist 
 and back are also to be seen. The inscription of three 
 lines, reading downwards, and occupying nearly the whole 
 width of the seal, reads as follows : — 
 
 A A 
 
 A - zi - da A-zida, 
 
 dup - sara the scribe, 
 
 dumu Uru-uru son of Uru-uru. 
 
 In addition to the seal -impressions, the base is of 
 interest on account of the impression of the bag to which 
 it was attached. Exactly how this was arranged is not 
 clear, but one corner of the opening seems to have been 
 passed over the other, and the clay, already sealed, or to 
 be sealed, attached, with considerable pressure, so as to 
 take the impression well, afl&xed at that point. The bag 
 seems to have been made of reeds, more or less flexible, and 
 perhaps somewhat flattened, their greatest diameter, when 
 used, being about 9 mm. These were attached together 
 by cords at intervals of about 1 cm. Three of these 
 woven reeds are to be seen on one side, and two on the 
 other, the angle where they meet being 45° to the ridge; and 
 from that point were twisted cords, passed, longitudinally 
 with the ridge, through the clay, as an additional pro- 
 tection and guarantee against the bag being tampered with. 
 Numerous thumb-marks show that the clay was shaped 
 up in the hands. Having served its purpose, the clay was 
 removed, without being broken, from the bag to which it was 
 attached, and baked. This apparently served as a record 
 of the due delivery of the object in question. The bulla 
 is in a perfect state of preservation. When first examined 
 
RECEIPT OF SHEEP, WITH SEAL OF ROYAL SCRIBE 31 
 
 the inscription on the A-zida impression was covered with 
 incrustation, but most of this has been removed by soaking 
 the object in water. 
 
 It seems strange that there is no note stating what the 
 bag contained. 
 
 29 (12). Bur-Sin, hrst year. 
 
 A baked clay tablet, probably cased, 45 mm. high, 
 41 ’6 mm. wide, greatest thickness 24 mm., average 
 thickness at edge, 13 mm. ; obverse five, lower part of 
 reverse three lines of writing. Impressions of the issalcs 
 cylinder-seal in the space between the first and second 
 lines of the obverse and the upper part of the reverse. 
 
 Obverse Reverse 
 
 Seal of judge Sur-Bau 
 
 (1) Mina sus udu (2) zi-ga zabar-ku (3) e udu ^-gala-ta 
 (4) duba issaga (5) gir Sur-d-Ba-u. 
 
 (6) Tti Dim-kua (7) mu Bumd.Sin\S) lugala. 
 
 120 sheep the accountant (?) has taken from the sheep- 
 house of the palace. Seal of the city-chief. Certifier; 
 Sur-Bau. 
 
32 BABYLONIAN TABLETS OF BEBENS COLLECTION 
 
 Month Dim-kua, year of Bur-Sin, the king. 
 
 Reisner suggests “ dog-keeper ” for zahar-Jm, but this 
 was expressed by sih uv-ku. The context seems to require 
 some such meaning as “ controller ”, “ accountant 
 
 This text apparently records an important delivery of 
 sheep, as is attested by the fact that the reigning chief or 
 issaku liSiS impressed his seal. The design thereon seems 
 to have been the common one showing the owner of the 
 cylinder led before a seated deit}^ There is an imperfect 
 inscription in two columns, which reads as follows : — 
 
 - gi lugal an-ub-[cla-^ 
 tabtab - [6rt] 
 
 Sur - d.^Ba - u ?] 
 di - [kud ?] 
 ivarad - [zu] 
 
 (Col. i) Dungi, the powerful man, king of Ur, (col. ii) 
 king of the four regions, Sur-Bau, the judge, his servant. 
 
 This seal is impressed on the envelope of No. 22 in 
 vol. i of the Amherst Tablets (see p. 43) and is also 
 published by Radau in his Early Babylonian History, 
 p. 251, from tablet No. 61 in the Hoffmann Collection. 
 
 nita kalag-ga 
 lugal Ur 
 
 4.ki 
 
 %va 
 
 30 (76). Bur-Sin, second year. 
 
 Unbaked ; 40'5 mm. high by 34*5 mm. wide ; obverse 
 six lines of writing in five cases, reverse six lines in 
 four cases, with a blank case between the third and fourth 
 lines. Left-hand corners damaged. Colour grey. 
 
RECEIPTS OF GRAIN 
 
 38 
 
 (1) . . -as es his se gur (2) lugala, (3) imina mina 
 sus qa zid se gur (4) hi Lu-<^- Nin-Gir-su (5) Lu-Ma-gan^^ 
 (6) hi-ha-ti-a. (7) \_L]u-Ma-gana^^ -gi (8) Lu-dingir-ra-ra 
 (9) gi-e-dam. 
 
 (10) Iti Izin-d-Bumu-zi, (11) (12) Ur~ 
 
 hil-lum^^ ha-Jmla. 
 
 w 
 
 [1 ?]6 gur 180 qa of royal grain, 7 gur 120 qa of meal, 
 from Lu-Nin-Girsu, Lu-Magan has received. Lu-Magaii 
 to Lu-dingira will return (it). 
 
 Month Izin-Dumuzi, year Bur-Sin ravaged Urbillu^^\ 
 
 The a at the end of mbatia would seem to replace the 
 postposition -ta generally found after the name of the 
 payer or lender of the produce. 
 
 Apparently the amounts Avere to be returned to another 
 person, unless Lu-dingira, the man of the god,” replace 
 Lu-Nin-Girsu, “the man of tlie god Nin-Girsu,” as is 
 possible. 
 
 31 (13). Bur-Sin, date 2a. 
 
 Baked case-tablet, envelope unopened ; 44‘5 mm. high 
 by 41'2 mm. wide; obverse three, reverse six lines of 
 writing. Both sides, as Avell as the edges, are impressed 
 Avith the cylinder-seal of the scribe Lu-Simaku. 
 
 Obverse 
 
 3 
 
34 BABYLONIAN TABLETS OF BERENS COLLECTION 
 
 Reverse 
 
 (1) jIs se gur lugala (2) ni-duha tir-ha gis-hil-la-ta 
 ( 3 ) Jci Ba-zi-ta ( 4 ) mu Lu-^'Nin-saha-ku ( 5 ) duha Lu- 
 ^■Si-ma-ku (6) dumu Bur-9^^ gigir. 
 
 ( 7 ) Iti Gud-du-ne-mu-mu, ( 8 ) mu us-sa Ur-hil-luud'^ 
 ( 9 ) ha-hula. 
 
 6 gur of royal grain from the storehouse of the reed- 
 thicket plantation, (received) from Bazi in the name of 
 Lu-Ninsah. Seal of Lu-Simaku, son of Sur-gigir. 
 
 Month Guddu-nemumu, year after (Bur-Sin) ravaged 
 Urbillu. 
 
 The cylinder-seal on the surface and edges shows its 
 owner led into the presence of his goddess by a divine 
 attendant. The last-named wears a flounced robe and 
 a horned hat. In the rear is a female figure in a pleated 
 robe and horned hat, raising her hands in prayer or 
 adoration. The four-line inscription reads as follows : — 
 
SHIPMENTS OF GKAIN 
 
 35 
 
 Lvj - Si - ma - ku Lu~Simaku, 
 dujp - sara the scribe, 
 dumu Sur-9^^ gigir son of Sur-gigir, 
 
 sag - guru (?) the store-keeper (?). 
 
 The cylinder-seal was provided with double-moulded 
 ends (discs), which are impressed deeply in the clay. 
 
 32 (56). Bur-Sin, date 2a. 
 
 Unbaked ; 36 mm. high by 32 mm. wide ; obverse 
 seven lines of writing in five cases, reverse six lines in five 
 cases. Lines 4-7 of the obverse and 1-4 of the reverse 
 are damaged by a break and flakings-ofi*. 
 
 Obverse 
 
 Reverse 
 
 (1) Gi sus se guv lugala, (2) ma Lu-gi-an-na (3) u 
 Sur-zikum-ma-ta. (4) Usu gur (5) [ma] Sur-duna-ta, 
 (6) [ni]-duba tir-ha (7) gis~hil~la-ta, (8) [/a] Lu-gi-na-ta 
 (9) [Aytu su-ha-ti (10) ^u-u]ra ma-du-du-ue-su (11) Iti 
 Izin-^-Ne-gun, (12) mu us-sa Ur-hil- (13) lum^^ ha-hula. 
 
 60 gur of royal grain, by the ship of Lu-gi-anna and 
 Sur-zikumma. 30 gur by the ship of Sur-dun, from the 
 storehouse tirha-gishilla, Atu has received from Lu-gina 
 (as) freight for the sailors. Month Izin-Negun, year after 
 (the king) ravaged Urbillu^^. 
 
 In the preceding text (No. 31) I have tentatively 
 rendered tirha-gishilla by “ of the reed-thicket plantation ”. 
 
 With the exception of line 10, all the restorations may 
 be regarded as extremely probable, if not certain. 
 
36 BABYLONIAN TABLETS OF BERENS COLLECTION 
 
 Provisions by the ship of Lu-gi-anna througli Lu-gina 
 are mentioned in Reisner’s No. 116, ii. Sur-zikumma is 
 a common name. 
 
 According to Reisner’s No. 161, v, 23-4, Atu (1. 9) was 
 the son of the ‘‘great sailor ” {madudu gala, “ great ship- 
 farer ”), probably the chief officer aboard a Babylonian 
 vessel. 
 
 33 (15). Bur-Sin, third year. 
 
 Unbaked ; 40 mm. high by 32*6 mm. wide ; obverse and 
 reverse five lines of writing in four cases each. A portion 
 of the second line is wanting, and in the break is the 
 impression of a cord. In the side at this point is a hole 
 into which another end of the same seems to have passed. 
 
 Obverse 
 
 Reverse 
 
 (1) Oa-duh-ha (2) . . . nig-sa (3) gir se-ga (4) gud 
 apin gia-kam (5) e d.J)un-gi (6) pa Sur-su-ga-lam-ma 
 (7) u Al-la (8) ni~gala. 
 
 (9) Mu gu-za d-En- (10) lil-la ha-dim. 
 
 Tablet-label of the work of the superintendent of the 
 oxen of the first watering-machine of the temple of Dungi. 
 Secretaries : Sur-su-galamma and Alla. Filled. 
 
 Year (Bur-Sin) made the throne of Enlilla. 
 
 This text is one of a numerous class, and much 
 difference of opinion exists as to their real nature. 
 Langdon reads the first word as pisan duhha, “ basket 
 of tablets,” a meaning Avhich would likewise seem to fit. 
 
LABEL=TABLET AND EECEIPT OF GARLIC 
 
 87 
 
 as these documents might refer to tlie work done — i.e. how 
 many turns of the wheel had been made, little buckets 
 filled in the process, or the like. No records of this 
 nature, however, would seem to have been found as yet. 
 That published in Amherst Tablets, vol. i, p. 198 (No. 121), 
 accepting this rendering, would read : — 
 
 “ Basket of tablets — lists of grain of the page Bazi 
 son of Nadi. It is filled. Year he invested the lord 
 (priest) of Nannar-kar-zida.” 
 
 34 (8h). Bur-Sin, fourth year. 
 
 Unbaked; 34mm. high by 29‘5 mm. wide ; obverse six 
 lines of writing in as many cases, reverse and edges nine 
 lines in eight cases. Colour grey. Lines 2-4 of the 
 reverse damaged, probably when the tablet was excavated. 
 
 Obverse 
 
 Reverse 
 
 (1) Usu gaza, (2) saga-hi n-imind~har qa; (3) uho 
 
 qa sum sag as, (4) sa-dug issaga-su, (5) Lugal-sig-Sa-onu 
 (6) su~hadi. 
 
 (7) Nimin d^^sum gaza (8) saga-hi nis-gi qa (9) nig 
 . . . -ah silim-ma (10) ^ur- d.^Lama'] dumu Ura-mu, 
 (11) su-ha-ti. (12) ura i 8ur-duna-ta (13) Gir Lugal- 
 alim. (14) Mu o^^gu-za <^-En-lil-la (15) ha-dim. 
 
 30 cut sttm-plants, their total (weight) 17J 9 'a; 30 qa 
 sum, single head, periodical gift for the mayor, Lugal-sig- 
 ea-mu has received. 
 
38 BABYLONIAN TABLETS OF BERENS COLLECTION 
 
 40 cut sum-plants, their total (weight) 21 qa, a peace- 
 [ofFering (?)], Sur-[Lam]a, son of Ura-mu, has received. 
 From the reception-hall of Sur-dun’s house. Certifier : 
 Lugal-alim. Year (Bur-Sin) made the throne of Enlilla. 
 
 35 (14). Bur-Sin, 3a = fourth year. 
 
 Large baked tablet 81 mm. high by 52'5 mm. wide ; 
 obverse fifteen, reverse twelve lines of writing. Between 
 the fourth and fifth of the latter are traces of three lines 
 which have been erased. 
 
 Obverse 
 
 (1) Usu-as es sus u qa zid-gar gur lugala (2) duha 
 Nam-ha-ni. (3) Nimin zid-se gur ma Ura-d-Ba-u. 
 (4) As mina sus usu qa zid kala gur; (5) ia es-sus-u 
 qa zid gu gur; (6) as gi-sus qa gar-har-ra seg gur 
 
 A 
 
 (7) duha Sur-^’Gal-alim dumu Sur-sag-ga. (8) U-ussa 
 lama-sus-nimin qa zid-se gur (9) ma A-hu-a. (10) Ussa 
 
SHIPMENTS OF PRODUCE 
 
 89 
 
 gi~su^ nimin qa zid-se ma d nin gis-ta. (11) U-imina 
 
 A 
 
 gi~sus~ninnd qa zid~kala gur (12) ma Mu-su. (18) As 
 gi-su§ qa zid-kala gur (14) ma Sur~mesi dumu Sur-sak- 
 kud. (15) Usu-lal-gi gar-har-ra seg gur, 
 
 Reverse 
 
 
 0 '- 
 
 ^ erased lines^ ^ 
 
 (16) ma Lu-hal-sag-ga. (17) Nis-mina es-sus-ds qa 
 gar-har~ra (18) seg gur, (19) ma Lugal-ki-aga. 
 
 (20) Ma a-si-ga (21) ki Lu-gu-la~ta (22) Lu-^-Na-ru-a 
 dumu (23) Sur-sag-ga (24) su-ha-ti. (25) Iti Gan-mas, 
 (26) mu-us-sa gu~za ^-Endil- (27) la ha-dim. 
 
 Translation, obverse and reverse 
 
 (1) 31 gur 190 qa of royal meal-food; (2) seal of 
 Namhani. (8) 40 gur of wheat-meal, ship of Ura-Bau. 
 (4) 6 gur 150 qa of fine meal; (5) 5 gur 190 qa of 
 ^u-meal ; (6) 6 gur 60 qa of excellent harra-iood ; 
 
40 BABYLONIAN TABLETS OF BERENS COLLECTION 
 
 (7) seal of Sur-Gal-alini, son of Sur-sagga. (8) 18 gur 
 280 qa of wheat-meal, (9) the ship of Ahua. (10) 8 gur 
 100 qa of wheat-meal, the ship by hire of nin-gis. 
 (11) 17 gur 110 qa of fine meal, (12) the ship of Musu. 
 (13) 6 gur 60 qa of fine meal, (14) the ship of Sur-mesi, 
 son of Sur-sakkud. (15) 30 less 1 gur of excellent harra- 
 food, (16) the ship of Lu-bal-sagga. (17-18) 22 gur 186 qa 
 of excellent harra-iood, (19) the ship of Lugal-kiaga. 
 
 (20) The down-stream ships (which) (21) from Lu-gula 
 (22) Lu-Narua, son of (23) Sur-sagga, (24) has received. 
 
 (25) Month Gan-mas, (26) year after (Bur-Sin) made 
 the seat of the god Enlilla. 
 
 The three erased lines on the reverse apparently refer 
 to meal and harra-iood belono-ino: to another month. 
 
 36 (95). Bur-Sin, fourth year. 
 
 Unbaked; 34mm. high by 32mm. wide; obverse and 
 edge six lines of writing in five cases, reverse and edge 
 eight lines in four cases. Broken across, and the edges 
 somewhat chipped. Colour grey. 
 
 Obverse Reverse 
 
 (1) Usu -es bib (2) mina ansu mu es (3) azaga-ta sa-a 
 (4) hi dam-gar e-ne-ta (5) mu sabra-ne- (6) ne-su (7) Sur- 
 d.^in-Gir-su (8) ni-hu (9) uru d.Nin-Gir-su- (10) Jca-su. 
 (11) iti Izin-d‘ JSfe-gun, u (12) u ba-ni (13) mu en mah 
 an-na (14) en d.ddannara ba-tug. 
 
PURCHASE OF ASSES. HIDE AND SKIN ACCOUNT 41 
 
 33 asses, 2 asses of 3 years, bought for silver from the 
 agents. In the name of the seers, Sur-Nin-Girsu has 
 acquired (them) for the field-labourers of Nin-Girsu. 
 
 Month Izin-Negun, day 10, morning, year (the king) 
 invested the supreme lord of Anu (as) lord of Nannar. 
 
 37 (16). Bur-Sin, fourth date. 
 
 Unbaked ; 48*5 mm. high by 38’6 mm. wide ; obverse, 
 six lines of writing (a space between lines 4 and 5); 
 reverse, eleven lines ; edge below, three lines ; left-hand 
 edge, two lines. Damage to the tablet renders lines 1 and 
 17-20 incomplete. There are traces of corrections in 
 iine 8, and lines 9 and 14 seem to have been inserted after 
 the rest of the text was written. 
 
 Obverse Reverse 
 
 (1) la su gud (2) mina su ansu (3) mina sus u-imin 
 su udu mas (4) u-ia su sila. 
 
 (5) su-har-ra (6) ninnu-lal-gi su udu mas (7) u-mina 
 su sila (8) usu-mina lu-man, es lu-man sila (9) ^ uru-ta 
 (10) Lu-Lagas^^ (11) Gi-sus-ia su udu u su sila (12) u-ia 
 su sila Al-hul-a (13) usu-ds niga-udu (14) mina niga 
 
42 BABYLONIAN TABLETS OF BERENS COLLECTION 
 
 sila{\b) Lu-^' Kal-kala (16) nam-erima-hi ha-kud (17) Gir 
 Un(l)- . . . -a (18) gir . . . -Jew (19) . . . -Ba-u dumu 
 (20) [S]ur-sag-ga (21) [Iti] Mu-sw-dw mw en maJi-me 
 (22) en an-na en ^-Nanna ha-tug. 
 
 5 ox-hides, 2 ass-hides, 137 lamb-skins, 15 ewe-skins. 
 
 Detached skins : 50 less 1 lamb-skins, 12 ewe-skins, 
 32 failings, 3 failing ewes, from the temple of the city, 
 Lu-Lagas (the Lagasite). 65 sheep-skins, 10 ewe-skins, 
 15 ewe-skins, Al-hula. 36 fatling-sheep, 120 fatling- 
 ewes, Lu-Kalkala. He has removed their ban. Agrent : 
 Un(?)- . . -a, agent : . . . -ku, [agent :] . . . -Ban, son of 
 [Su]r-sagga. 
 
 Month Mu-sudu, year (the king) invested the supreme 
 great lords — the lord (?) of Anu (and) the lord of Nannar. 
 
 Line 1. Instead of “ 5 ”, “ 300 ” (60 x 5) is possible. 
 
 Line 2. Instead of 2 ”, “ 120 ” is possible. 
 
 Judging from line 5, the hides and skins were sold 
 whilst still on the animals, as it is here stated expressly 
 that the 49 lamb-skins mentioned in line 6 were detached. 
 
 In line 8 the character U^< seems to be the same as 
 and in lines 13 and 14. Instead of the 
 
 usual word “ fatlings ”, probably “ unshorn sheep ”, etc., 
 would be preferable. 
 
 Nam-erim Imda (1. 16) is rendered in Semitic Baby- 
 lonian by mamitw^^ tamu, “ to pronounce an incantation.” 
 This probably refers to the sheep only, and would be for 
 the purpose of removing any curse or ban which may 
 have been placed upon them. Freed from evil influences, 
 it was naturally supposed that they would be “ fat and 
 well-liking ” — prolific, also, and with good fleeces. 
 
 , . 38 (105). Bur-Sin, fourth year. 
 
 Unbaked ; 40 mm. high by 41 mm. wide ; obverse four 
 lines of writing, reverse two. The left-hand portion of 
 both sides is impressed with the cylinder-seal of the 
 
RECEIPT OF BRONZE 
 
 43 
 
 receiver, with its disc-mount at each end (top and 
 bottom). Colour ■ grey. 
 
 Reverse 
 
 Obverse 
 
 (3) Sur~(^-Nin-gis-zi-da~de (4) su-ha-ti. 
 
 (5) Mu en mah gal ana (6) en ^’Nannar ba~tug. 
 
 12 mana of bronze, from Abba-mu, Sur-Nin-gis-zidade 
 has received. 
 
 Year (the king) invested the supreme great lord of Anu 
 (as) lord (priest) of Nannar. 
 
 The cylinder-seal is impressed twice only— once on 
 each side— so that there is not much chance of completing 
 the wanting details ; especially, also, as the scribe had to 
 sink the raised disc-mounting deeply into the clay before 
 the inscription, with the design accompanying it, could he 
 made visible. The traces of the names read as follows — 
 
 The design seems to show, on the right, a bull-man 
 overcoming an animal, and on the left a seated deity. 
 This implies that it consisted of a double subject, the 
 bull-man group and the owner of the cylinder led into 
 the presence of his god. 
 
44 BABYLONIAN TABLETS OF BERENS COLLECTION 
 
 Another cylinder bearing the name of Sur-Nin-gis- 
 
 A 
 
 zidade, son of A-zida, is that impressed on No. 46, which 
 is dated some years later (second year of ou-Sin). 
 Though the design and the inscription seem to be the 
 same, the gem itself is clearly a different one, as the later 
 tablet bears no trace of the disc-mounting. Objects of 
 this kind, it is needless to say, were often lost, or mislaid 
 for a time, and needed replacing. In favour of the 
 identity of the individual is to be noted that both 
 documents refer to copper or bronze. 
 
 The wedges of the first two lines are doubled, implying 
 that the scribe had a defective stilus — they seem to become 
 clear with the divine name in Sur-Nin-gis-zidade, at 
 which point he probably recut it. 
 
 39 (17). Bur-Sin, 5th year. 
 
 Unbaked; 38*75 mm. high by 34 mm. wide; obverse 
 five lines of writino^ in four cases, reverse five lines in 
 three (a blank case between the third and the fourth 
 lines). Colour grey. 
 
 Obverse Reverse 
 
 (1) Es sus nis~ds lahar(2) lama sus u tcdm-nitah (S) gi 
 8US sila (4) hi Gu-de-a (5) dumu JJn-ila-ta (6) Lu- 
 ^•Si-ma-ku- (7) ah ni~ku (8) a-ka-a-ga-ga. 
 
 (9) Mvj en unu-gala (^-Innanna ha-tiiga. 
 
 206 cattle, 250 sheep, 60 ewes, from Gudea, son of 
 Un-ila, (which) Lu-Simaku held, has been requisitioned. 
 
TABLETS CONCERNING CATTLE AND PRODUCE 
 
 45 
 
 Year he invested the lord (priest) of Istar’s great 
 festival-hall. 
 
 The Gudea mentioned in line 4 is naturally not the 
 patesi (issaJm) of that name, hence, in all probability, the 
 indication of his parentage. 
 
 40 (18). Bur-Sin, 7th year. 
 
 Unbaked ; 40 mm. high by 32*5 mm. wide ; obverse six 
 lines of writing in four cases, reverse four lines in two 
 cases, with a wide space before the last line. Colour grey. 
 
 Obverse 
 
 Reverse 
 
 (1) Oi sus Nin-zag-gi-si (2) lal~a uh-ba (3) gis-ha 
 sub-ba-ta (4) gir (rest of line blank) (5) Lu-^-Nin-sah 
 (6) dumu ni-kii (rev. 7) iti Izin-^-Ne-gun 
 
 (8) u w-ha-zal. 
 
 (9) Mu Hu-hu-nu-ri (10) ha-hula. 
 
 60 {qa) (of some kind of produce) for Nin-zaggi-si, 
 weighed (and) sealed, from the amount distributed ; 
 certifier : (blank), Lu-Ninsah, son of Lu-Bau, holds. 
 Month Izin-Ne-gun, day 10th. 
 
 Year (Bur-Sin) ravaged Huhunuri. 
 
 To all appearance this is an extract from a longer 
 inscription, hence the absence of the designation of the 
 substance supplied. The name of the recipient, Nin- 
 zaggi-si, is evidently that of a woman, and analogous in 
 
46 BABYLONIAN TABLETS OF BERENS COLLECTION 
 
 form to that of En-zaggi-si and king Lugal-zaggi-si. Also 
 En-sag-azag-gi, No. 22, rev. col. i, line 22, above. 
 
 The first character of the second line I have read as 
 lot, one of the meanings of which is “ to weigh 
 Gis-ba subha occurs in Reisner’s TempelurJcunden aus 
 Tel-loh (text 16, i, 16), but the column where it occurs 
 seems to be imperfect. For Lu-Ninsah, son of Lu-Bau, 
 see No. 130 of the same work, which refers to amounts 
 of silver; also No. 148, where he receives from Lu-igi- 
 sagsag 130 qa of some produce of which the name is lost. 
 
 41 (19). Bur-Sin, 7th year. 
 
 Unbaked; 31*5 mm. high, 29mm. wide; five lines of 
 writing in four cases on the obverse, and five in three 
 cases on the reverse. Colour grey. 
 
 Obverse 
 
 Reverse 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 (1) Es ussa qa ka- (2) lum guv, (3) ninnu-ia qa gis- 
 gestin, (4) mimin-ia qa gis-ma-a (5) zi-ga (6) ki Sur- 
 d-Nin- (7) muka-ta (8) Duba Sur-gara. (9) Mu Hu-hu~ 
 nu-ri (10) ba~hul. 
 
 3 gur 8 qa of dates ; 55 qa of grapes ; 45 qa of figs (?); 
 have been removed. (Received) from Sur-Nin-muk. Seal 
 of Sur-gara. Year (the king) ravaged Huhunuri. 
 
 Gis-gestin in line 2 apparently means, in reality, “ vine,” 
 but that seems to be hardly possible, as grapes would be 
 the more likely. Nevertheless, vine-leaves are used in the 
 Nearer East in cookery. 
 
CONSIGNMENTS OF DRINK, FOOD, AND OIL 
 
 47 
 
 42 (20). Bur^Sin, 8th year. 
 
 A small imperfectly-baked tablet, 25*5 mm. high by 
 21 mm. wide, obverse six lines of writing in five cases, 
 reverse and edge below nine lines of writing in six cases. 
 Colour reddish grey. 
 
 Obverse Reverse 
 
 (1) Es qa leas, mina qa gar (2) mina gin zal, (3) Ih-lcu~ 
 sa (4) gis-[ku]. (5) la qa has, es qa gar, (6) mina gin 
 zal, (7) Su-e4i (8) sukkal. (9) Es qa kas, es qa gar, 
 (10) mina gin zal, (11) 8u-u-u (12) rim. (13) Iti 
 Dim~kua, (14) mu en Gurudug^^ (15) ha-a-tug. 
 
 3 qa of drink, 2 qa of food, 2 gin of oil, Ibku-sa, the 
 retainer (?). 5 qa of drink, 3 qa of food, 2 gin of oil, 
 
 Su-eli, the messenger. 3 qa of drink, 3 qa of food, 2 gin 
 of oil, Su~uu, the courier. Month Dim-ku, year he invested 
 
 A 
 
 the lord (priest) of Eridu. 
 
 Texts of this class are numerous, and rarely give any 
 interesting details. As those referring to allowances for 
 people travelling record their object, it seems probable that 
 the present inscription gives details of the allowances 
 granted to employees at some stated place, and not 
 actually on the road. The three persons named, however, 
 bear the same titles as those commissioned to make 
 journeys. 
 
 In many of these texts the chief interest lies in the 
 names, which are often rare. In the present text the first, 
 Ihku-sa, is Semitic, whilst the other two are Sumerian. 
 
48 BABYLONIAN TABLETS OF BERENS COLLECTION 
 
 43 (21). Su-Sin, 1st year. 
 
 Baked ; 33 mm. high, 30 mm. wide, obverse hve lines of 
 writing in as many cases, reverse three lines in two cases. 
 Colour dark (blackish) grey. 
 
 Obverse Reverse 
 
 (1) [Laliyii mina gurus u usu-su (2) d-hi gi sus 
 gurus u gia-su (3) uru-ta nu-e. (4) Pa Lu-kal-la, (5) nu- 
 handa Da-da. 
 
 (6) Iti Dim-kua, (7) mu f^-Su-d-S- (8) in lugala. 
 
 A balance (?) of 2 men for 30 days, their pay, 60 qa 
 (per) man for each day, has not left the city. Notary : 
 Lu-kalla ; superintendent : Dada. 
 
 Month Dim-kua (6th month), year Su-Sin (became) king. 
 
 For the restoration of the first group as lalli (y*^ 
 see Reisner’s Tempelurkunden, No. 174, rev., lines 10, 11. 
 The people who, in that inscription, “ had not left the 
 city,” were tho two superintendents. 
 
 44 (22a and 225). Su-Sin, 1st year. 
 
 Imperfectly baked, 36*5 mm. high by 31 ‘5 mm. wide, 
 obverse five lines of writing (four of them very mutilated), 
 reverse two (the date). This document is accompanied 
 by the reverse and portions of the edges of its envelope 
 (44 mm. high, 41 mm. wide), inscribed with the date (one 
 line), and impressed with the cylinder of the scribe, in 
 this case apparently a herdsman. 
 
RECEIPT OF PRODUCE (?) 
 
 49 
 
 (1) . . . (2) rii . . . ha (or zu) (3) . . . -ta (4) Ura~ 
 ■dam ni-ku (5) Iti Dim-kua. 
 
 (6) Mu (7) lugala. 
 
 . . . from . . . Ura-dam has received. Month Dim -kna 
 (6th month). 
 
 Year §u-Sin (became) king. 
 
 The cylinder impressed on the envelope shows Ura-dam 
 led by a divine attendant into the presence of the deity 
 whom he worshipped (see No. 28, and pp. 28, 29, 31, 46, 
 69). As usual, the subject is divided on account of the 
 desire to show the inscription prominently. This reads as 
 follows : — 
 
 Ura ~ dam Ura-dam, 
 
 dumu^-Dumu-zi-lugala{l) son of Duma-zi-lugala, 
 
 utul the shepherd. 
 
 4 
 
50 BABYLONIAN TABLETS OF BERENS COLLECTION 
 
 The name Ura-dam is a rare one, and only once occurs 
 in Reisner’s Tempelurkunden (154, II, 29). 
 
 The year and month are the same as in No. 43. 
 
 45 (23). Su-Sin, 1st year. 
 
 Unbaked ; 33'5 mm. high by 30‘5 mm. wide, obverse 
 six lines of writing in four cases, reverse and edge below 
 nine lines in five cases. A portion of the upper left-hand 
 side of the obverse is damaged. 
 
 Obverse Reverse 
 
 (1) . . . udu se Sa-hu-um (2) ha-hat ; (3) . . . udn 
 se ha-hat ; (4) iti u nis-ussa-ha-ni. (5) Mina ms udu se 
 Sa-hu-uiM^ (6) ha-hat, (7) 4 udu ga-nun gisa- (8) ta. 
 (9) Gi sus lahar ha-hat a-saga- (10) ta, (11) iti u usu- 
 lal-gi-ha-zal (12-13) zi-ga. Ki Lugal-dur-maha-ta. 
 (14f) Iti Amar-a-a-si (15) mu d.^u-^-Sin lugala. 
 
 60(?) fat sheep of Sabu^i, full grown; . . . fat sheep, 
 full grown, the 28th day of the month. 120 fat sheep of 
 Sabu^L full grown, from the sheep-stall of ga-nun-gis ; 
 60 cattle, full grown, from the field, on the 29th day of 
 the month. Removed from Lugal-dur-mah’s place. Month 
 Amar-aasi (11th month), year Su-Sin (became) king. 
 
 Udu se is apparently the Semitic immeru maru, “ fat 
 sheep,” the second character (se) suggesting that it was 
 fed on grain. Sheep were also naturally fed on grass, and 
 
TABLETS CONCERNING SHEEP, AND OBJECTS OF COPPER 51 
 
 likewise, apparently, on oil. For ha-hat, see the Journal 
 of the Royal Asiatic Society, October, 1912, p. 1061, where 
 it seems to distingruish the nhiLku-hirdi from the larg^e 
 (“ full grown ”) ukuku. 
 
 The name of the month is not given in lines 4 and 9 — 
 it was apparently that contained in the date. 
 
 46 (24). Su-Sin, 2nd year. 
 
 Baked case-tablet, still unopened ; 46 mm. high by 
 41*5 mm. wide; obverse five lines of writing, reverse and 
 edge below it six lines. Both sides, as well as the edges, 
 are impressed with the cylinder-seals of Sur-Nin-gis-zida, 
 Gudea, and other persons mentioned. 
 
 Obverse Reverse 
 
 (1) la urudii ha-sii-da (2) ki-lal-hi gi ma-na to gin 
 (3) ha-zi-ir, (4) ki Lugal-im-rii-a-ta (5) Sur-d.^in-gis-zi- 
 da hi-ha-ti. (6) Gir Gii-de-a, (7) gir ^-Bahhar-har-ra, 
 (8) gir Lu-da-da-ga, (9) Ba-zi dnp-kira. 
 
 (10) J/u ns-sa ma-dara-ahzu (11) ha-ah-gah. 
 
 5 brazen hasuda ( ? kettles), their weight 1 mana 
 10 sliekels, have been deposited (?); Sur-Nin-gis-zida has 
 received them from Luofal-imrua. Certifier : Gudea : 
 certifier : Babbar-barra ; certifier : Lu-dadaga ; and Bazi, 
 scribe. Year after (the king) opened the ark dara-ahzu. 
 
52 BABYLONIAN TABLETS OF BERENS COLLECTION 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 r 
 
 1 
 
 I 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 |] 
 
 "Bcx2.i 
 
 Apparently the seal - impressions are those of the 
 recipient, two of the certifiers, and the scribe. The most 
 prominently impressed is the first, which shows its owner 
 being led into the presence of his god. In the field, before 
 the deity, was a bird with outspread wings. The 
 inscription is as follows : — 
 
 Sur-^.Nin-gis- 
 Hff-S zi - da - de 
 
 dtunu A-zi-da 
 
 Sur-Nin-gis-zida, 
 son of A-zida. 
 
 This is impressed on the obverse and the edge, left- 
 hand side. (For another cylinder with the same name, 
 see No. 38, above.) 
 
 The cylinder of Gudea had a four-line inscription, and 
 seems to read : — 
 
46. RECEIPT OF BRAZEN HASUDA 
 
 53 
 
 yy - de ~ a Gudea. 
 
 Si- ^ y ^7~T “ Sara the scribe. 
 
 %X^ dumu Lu-d-Ba-u son of Lu-Bau, 
 
 tt] S! ab-ha dingir En the abba of the 
 
 god En (?). 
 
 This occupies the space on the obverse and the right- 
 hand edge. The design showed a deity wearing a horned 
 hat seated on a panelled stool, and the owner of the 
 cylinder led into his presence (the latter figures are not 
 impressed). 
 
 The cylinder-seal of Babbar-barra is apparently that 
 visible on the upper edge (i.e. between the top of the 
 obverse and the bottom of the reverse) and on the upper 
 left-hand part of the reverse. It was to all appearance in 
 a very bad condition, but the characters ^ xf- ^3I-> 
 
 ^'Babbar-barra, seem to be just traceable. The two 
 remaining lines are very uncertain, but tlie second possibly 
 contained his title or calling, and the third his father’s 
 name, Lu~ . . . -lil or Lugal- . . . possibly Lu-^-Enlil 
 or Lugal-d‘ Enlil. The subject was the same as the others 
 (the owner led into the presence of a seated god). 
 
 The remaining cylinder-seal is apparently that of Bazi, 
 on the upper left-hand side of the reverse and the edge 
 above the same. The inscription is in four lines : — 
 
 1st line : The characters Ba~zi exceedingly uncertain. 
 
 2nd line : part of dup. 
 
 3rd line : the two horizontal wedges of dumu, traces 
 of uru, and the beginning of uru again. 
 
 As a Bazi son of Uru-uru (Langdon : Ses-ses) occurs 
 in Reisner’s No. 82, rev., 21, these traces should apparently 
 be completed as follows : — 
 
 Qt- Ba - zi Bazi, 
 
 5:33! tn dup Sara the scribe, 
 
 • -Er A dumu Uru-uru son of Uru-uru, 
 
 Vr- pa uru - gala the great warden. 
 
54 BABYLONIAN TABLETS OF BERENS COLLECTION 
 
 The design, like the others, showed the owner, a shaven - 
 headed priest, led into the presence of a seated deity. The 
 “ great warden ” was evidently a priest. 
 
 Other texts referring to brazen hasuda are Nos. 210 
 and 309 in F. Thureau-Dan gin’s Recueil de Tahlettes 
 Ghaldeennes, and Reisner’s Nos. 124 (six times) and 280. 
 
 47 (25). Su-Sin, 3rd year. 
 
 Baked ; about 4 cm. high by 33 mm. wide ; obverse five 
 lines of writing in as many cases, reverse five lines in two 
 cases, with a space between the first and second. Colour 
 dark grey. This tablet, though somewhat defaced when 
 first copied a few years ago, has now fallen to pieces, and 
 could not be revised. 
 
 Obverse Reverse 
 
 (1) Pisan duh-ha (2) udu kur-ra (3) 
 
 (4) Gir-su^^-ta (5) Gu-ah-ha ^^-su (rev., 1. 6) ni-gala. 
 
 (7) Mu (^-Su-f^-Sin lugala (8) Uri^<^^-wa (9) Si-ma-luvd-^ 
 ha- (10) hula. 
 
 Tablet-label (or “ Basket of tablets ”) of the sheep-food 
 of the month Aasi, from the city Girsu to the city Gu-abba. 
 It is full. 
 
 Year Su-Sin, king of Ur, devastated Sima]u»L 
 
 Texts of this class are generally baked, and (as in the 
 case of this tablet, when intact) have a hole in the left- 
 hand side, through which a string was passed for attaching 
 
TABLET-LABEL. RECEIPT OF FOOD 
 
 55 
 
 it to -the bag (probably of woven reeds) in which the 
 account-tablets were kept and transmitted. They are, 
 therefore, of 'the nature of labels, and, as such, were baked 
 and, set aside (after being detached from the parcel) as 
 records of the dispatch of the accounts to which they 
 refer. In the above the third line is probably the only 
 doubtful one. 
 
 For another text of this class, see No. 33, also Langdon’s 
 No. 60 in “Archives of Drehem” 
 
 “ Bag of tablets of the old accounts of the guzahi 
 (officials). Year ^u-Sin, king of Ur, devastated the land 
 of Zabsalu. It is full.” 
 
 48 (26). Su-Sin, 3rd year. 
 
 Baked ; 35 mm. high by 33 mm. wide : obverse five lines 
 of writing, reverse three. Both sides, as well as the top, 
 bottom, and left-hand edges, are impressed with the 
 cylinder of the scribe, Lugal-li-tar-zu, The right-hand 
 corner of the reverse and the edge above it are chipped 
 away. 
 
 Obverse Reverse 
 
56 
 
 BABYLONIAN TABLETS OF BERENS COLLECTION 
 
 (1) Mina, mina sus as qa gar gur (2) na-ah-da-luvi 
 (3) zi-ga Lu-gi-na (4) 4 u-dsa-lcam (5) dub Lugal-li-tar-zu. 
 
 (6) Iti Su-{n)umuna (7) mu us-sa ma-dara-ahzw 
 (8) ha-ab-gah. 
 
 2 gur 126 qa of food — choice — taken (by) Lu-giiia, 
 day 16th. Seal of Lugal-li-tar-zu. 
 
 Month Su-(n)umuna (Tammuz, the 5th month), year 
 after (the king) opened the ark Ma-dara-abzu. 
 
 As the surface of the tablet is small, only one figure 
 (that of the owner, Lugal-li-tar-zi) is recognizable. This 
 is visible on the left-hand edge. A portion of a seated 
 deity’s throne and robe appear on the edge below the 
 obverse. The inscription reads as follows : — 
 
 Lugal - \li - tar - zu^ Lugal-litar-zu, 
 
 dub - [sam] the scribe, 
 
 dumu Lu-^’Nin-s[ah^ son of Lu-Nin-sah (?). 
 
 This is impressed over the text of the tablet. 
 
 « 
 
 The Semitic word 7iabdalu'^ (1. 2) is noteworthy. 
 
 I have reo:arded it as describino; the kind of food, but it 
 may be a personal name. 
 
 The name Lugal-li-tar-zu is a parallel to that of 
 En-li-tar-zi, the successor of En-temena as issaku of 
 
 Lagas (Thureau-Dangin, Recueil de Tablettes Glialdeennes, 
 Paris, 1903^). As written, the latter probably means 
 “ the lord, director of life”, whilst the name in the present 
 text would be “the king, director of the wide ”. With the 
 exception of the first word, however, it is not impossible 
 that these names are identical, the final element, zu or zi, 
 being vocalic variants of the same root. 
 
 49 (27). Su-Sin, 4th year. 
 
 Practically unbaked ; 38 mm. high by 27 mm. wide ; 
 
 obverse ten lines of writing, reverse likewise ten. Colour 
 grey. The first seven lines are more or less damaged. 
 
 ^ See the Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society for 1904, p. 339. 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS OF DRINK, FOOD, AND OIL 
 
 57 
 
 Obverse Reverse 
 
 (1) \Mina ? qa lca]s, mina qa gar, (2) mina [gin] zal, 
 
 (3) Gi-[na], lu gis^ku. (4) Mina qa leas, mina qa gar, 
 (5) mina gin zal, (6) Sur('i)~nanga, lu gis-ku. (7) Mina 
 qa [kas], mina qa gar, (8) mina gin zal, (9) Lugal- 
 f^'Bahhar, lu (10) gis-ku. (rev. 11) Mina qo. kas, mina 
 qa gar, (12) mina gin zal, (13) Lugal-azaga-zu, lu giL 
 (14) qa kas, as qa gar, (J5) as gin zal, (16) Lu- 
 
 ^-Akara(J), lu gis-ku. (17) 8a-duga u Ssa-kam, (18) iti 
 Izin~<^- Dumu-zi, (19) mu Si-ma-a-lum^<^^ (20) ha-hula. 
 
 [2] qa of drink, 2 qa of food, 2 measures of oil, Gina, 
 the soldier (?) ; 2 ga of drink, 2 qa of food, 2 measures of 
 oil, Sur(?)-nanga, the soldier (?) ; 2 ga of drink, 2 qa of 
 food, 2 measures of oil, Lugal-Babbar, the soldier (?) ; the 
 same amounts again, Lugabazaga-zu, the soldier (?); 6 qa 
 of drink, 6 qa of food, 6 measures of oil, Lu-Akara(?), 
 the soldier. Contributions of the 3rd day. Month Izin- 
 Dumuzi (the 7 th month), year (the king) ravaged 
 Simalu’^. 
 
 One of the common lists of drink, food, and oil (see 
 Nos. 15, 16, 17, 42, etc.). 
 
 The gis-ku is the title of the person by whom the 
 contributions were sent. Soldier ” is not a good rendering, 
 and has simply been adopted because, with the prefix for 
 “ man ”, lu, it may roughly be rendered ‘‘ man of weapon 
 Apparently these were the persons to whom the consign- 
 ments referred to were entrusted. 
 
58 
 
 BABYLONIAN TABLETS OF BERENS COLLECTION 
 
 Akara in the name in line 16 is a provisional reading. 
 The group indicates the god of Jokha, the Uinina of the 
 inscriptions. 
 
 50 (28). ^u-Sin, 4th year. 
 
 Baked; 70 mm. high by 44 mm. wide; obverse eight 
 (or nine) lines of writing, reverse eight. Of lines 4-7 of 
 the obverse traces only remain, owing to a large flake 
 having been broken out ; and the cylinder-seal of the 
 scribe, impressed over the inscription, renders several of 
 the characters doubtful. 
 
 Obverse Reverse 
 
 (f ) U qa has seg lug ala ; (2) nis qa has gin lug ala ; 
 
 (5) uhv qa zid lugala (4f) . . . lugala ('?), (5) u . . . en (1) 
 
 (6) . . . gur (?) (7) . . . (8) . . . du-u-du (9) tf qa has 
 lugala; (10) as qa zid-se lugala; (11) u gia-Jcam u 
 nisa-Jcam (12) se-hi as gur. (13) Sa-dug ISfam-ha-ni 
 (14) saga Gu-ah-ha^^-ka (15) Gir Ka-si-ka. 
 
 (16) Mu Si-ma-lum^^ ha-hula. 
 
OFFERINGS OF DRINK AND MEAL 
 
 59 
 
 10 qa of fine royal drink ; 20 qa of standard royal 
 ■drink ; 30 qa of royal meal ; of the king (?), day 
 ........... Dudu. 10 qa of royal drink ; 6 ga of 
 
 royal meal, day 1st, day 20th, (the amount of) this grain 
 is 1 gur. Namhani’s periodical offering within Guabba. 
 Agent : Kasika. 
 
 Year (the king) ravaged Simalu™. 
 
 In line 3 a character may have been lost between zid 
 •and lug ala. Cf. line 10. 
 
 The traces at the ends of lines 4--6 are very uncertain. 
 It is doubtful whether line 5 contained a date or not. 
 
 The characters in line 8 transcribed as Du-u-du (Dudu) 
 may indicate some kind of produce, and not a personal 
 name. 
 
 As in lines 11 and 12 the amount is 1 gur for twenty 
 days, it is probable that we ought to read ia, “ 5,” 
 instead of ds, “ 6,” as the total required, with the reading 
 .adopted, would be 1 gur 20 qa. Namhani (1. 13), 
 notwithstanding the careless writing, may be regarded 
 as certain. It is a not uncommon name. 
 
 The inscription on the cylinder- seal apparently reads as 
 follows: — Ludmlda, dup-sara, dumu Sur-^- Gis-bil, Lu- 
 kalla, the scribe, son of Sur-Gisbil.” Gisbil would be for 
 Gibil ( = Girrii), the fire-god. 
 
 The subject shows the owner led into the presence of 
 his god-— see the upper left-hand corner of the reverse. 
 
 51 (29). Su~Sin, 5th year. 
 
 Baked ; 42 mm. high by 35 mm, wide, obverse seven lines 
 of writing in as many cases, reverse eight lines in six cases, 
 the fifth and sixth being divided from each other by an 
 ■extra ruled line. This document probably originally had 
 an inscribed envelope. 
 
 (1) Usu lama qa se gur lug ala, (2) se har-ra erim lira ; 
 •(3), ms u qa gur, (4) se erim na, (5) hi Al-la-mu-ta, 
 
60 BABYLONIAN TABLETS OF BERENS COLLECTION 
 
 (6) (7) su-ha-ti. (rev. 8) Mu Sur-^-IE- 
 
 ^■Ba-u, (9) duh Al-la duynu (10) Lul-a-inu ih-ra. 
 
 A 
 
 {1\) E ^’Nin-Gir-su-me] (12) ni-duha a-ha-al-la-ta. 
 
 (13) Iti Se-il-la, (14) mu bad Mar-tu (15) ha-du. 
 
 Obverse Reverse 
 
 30 guT 240 qa of royal grain, prepared food for the 
 farm labourers ; 20 gur 10 qa, grain for the men, from 
 Alla-mu, Sur-Isi-Bau has received. In the name of 
 Sur-Isi-Bau Alla son of Lulamu has impressed the seaL 
 People of the temple of Nin-Girsu, from the storehouse of 
 the libation-priest. 
 
 Month ^e-illa (the 1st month), year (the king) built the 
 western fortification. 
 
 52 (30). Su-Sin, 7th year. 
 
 Baked; 44 mm. high by 3 7 '5 mm. wide; obverse three 
 lines of writing, reverse four. Both sides are covered 
 with impressions of the scribe’s cylinder-seal. The surface 
 is inclined to crumble away. 
 
 (1) Ussa tug us-gi (2) Jci A-gia-ta (3) duha Sur-ab-ha,. 
 (4) gir Lu-d- 8i-maAcu. 
 
 (5) AIu d'8u-<^-8in {Q) lugal-e na-ru-a {*1) maha mu-du. 
 
 8 first-quality (?) garments, from Agi. Seal of Sur-abba. 
 Agent : Lu-Simaku. 
 
 Year ^u-Sin, the king, made the sublime inscription. 
 
GRAIN FOR LABOURERS. 
 
 RECEIPT OF GARMENTS 61 
 
 Obverse Beverse 
 
 It seems probable that us~gi (1. 1) is for us~giakam, 
 the first loom,” or the like. My first copy had >^, 
 us-har, “ weaver,” but the horizontal wedge of bar seems 
 to be an accidental mark. 
 
 The seal-impressions, which are very indistinct, seem 
 to show, on the right of the inscription a divine figure 
 adoring, like that of No. 31 (p. 33), to which the design 
 in this case must have been similar. For the completion, 
 see No. 32. There was probably an animal (lion or gazelle) 
 engraved beneath the inscription, which reads as follows : — 
 Sur-ab-ha Sur-abba, 
 
 dup-sara the scribe, 
 
 dumu Ba-zi son of Bazi. 
 
 53 (31). Su-Sin, 8th year. 
 
 Baked; 45’5 mm. high by 41’5 mm. wide; obverse 
 seven lines of writing in six cases, reverse and edge below 
 ten lines in eight cases. Colour greyish-yellow. 
 
 (1) la gin lal igi-es-gala ku-babbar (2) sam til-a 
 Gin-f^-Na-rn- (3) a-su (4) ki Sur-ki-gu-la-ta (5) Lugal- 
 izin urn (6) su-ba-ti (7) nu-bil-da. (8) Mu lugala-bi 
 ni-pa. (9) Igi Ab-ba~mu-su; (10) igi Gin-^- Lama-su ] 
 (11) igi Lu-(^- Na-ru-a (12) dumu he-ku-zi-zi-su; 
 (13) igi Sag-a-ga-su; (14) lu-enim-ma-bi~me. (15) Iti 
 Dim-kua, (16) mu ma-da Za-ab-sa- (17) li ba-huL 
 
62 BABYLONIAN TABLETS OF BERENS COLLECTION 
 
 Obverse 
 
 Reverse 
 
 5 shekels less -g^ths of silver, the complete price for 
 Gina-Narua, from Sur-ki-gula, Lugal-izin, the farmer, has 
 received. There is no renewino; — he has invoked the 
 name of the king. In the presence of Abba-mu ; in 
 the presence of Gina- Lama ; in the presence of Lu-Narua, 
 son of the heku-zizi ^ ; in the presence of Sag-aga, the 
 witnesses. Month Dim-kua (6), year (the king) ravaged 
 the land of Zabsalu. 
 
 A Sur-ki-gtda is mentioned with two persons named 
 Lu-Narua on Reisner’s No. 149. 
 
 In line 12 the character ku seems to have one horizontal 
 wedge too many. 
 
 54 (32). Su-Sin, 8th year. 
 
 Imperfectly baked; 47’5mm. high by 38*8 mm. wide; 
 obverse seven lines of writing, reverse three. Both sides 
 are impressed with the cylinder-seal of the scribe, which 
 has flattened down the writing. Clay reddish-grey, and 
 very friable — so much so, that revision has not been 
 attempted. 
 
 (1) Gi qa lal ; (2) gi qa zal-nun dug-ga ; (3) u-ds qa 
 zal-nun ; (4) nis mina qa zal-gis ; (5) mina qa ga-har, 
 (6) hi Na-ba-saga-ta (7) Duha Sur-ah-ha. 
 
 ^ Possibly “trainer of beasts of burthen”, or the like. 
 
SALE OF A SLAVE-WOMAN. 
 
 EECEIPT OF PRODUCE 63 
 
 Obverse 
 
 T 
 T 
 
 ►f- ^ 
 
 
 ^ IT >T 
 IT 
 
 
 Reverse 
 
 
 ™ in 
 
 
 
 
 (Reverse — space with seal-impression.) 
 
 (8) Mu ma-da Za-ab- (9) -sa-li (10) ha-hula. 
 
 1 qa of honey; 1 qa of best butter, 16 qa of butter; 
 22 qa of sesame-oil; 2 qa of cheese (?), from Nabasag, 
 Seal of Sur-abba. 
 
 Year (Su-Sin) ravaged the land of Zabsalu. 
 
 The cylinder-impressions, when more perfect, showed 
 the usual representation of the owner led into the presence 
 of his god. That in the blank space on the reverse is 
 placed so as to show the inscription, with traces of an 
 adoring figure on the right, and the seated god on the 
 left. The inscription is as follows : — 
 
 iiy ttT 
 
 8ur -ah - ha 
 
 Sur-abba, 
 
 s^oht tn 
 
 duh - Sara 
 
 the scribe. 
 
 ■eH -TT-g 
 
 dumu Ba-zi 
 
 son of Bazi. 
 
 This is probably the same scribe, and therefore the 
 same seal, as is impressed on No. 52. 
 
 55 (33). Su-Sin, 8th year. 
 
 Baked ; 46 inm. .high, 40’5 mm.„ wide obverse six lines 
 of writing, reVei?s_^^^(«CVeh,’ the last giving the date, 
 
 being muph ^mutilated., ^ C/olour a warm groy ochrc. , 
 
64 BABYLONIAN TABLETS OF BERENS COLLECTION 
 
 Obverse Reverse 
 
 (1) Es uruda ha-zi, (2) ki-lala-hi ia-mas ma-na (3) ia 
 gin, (4) ha-lcd, (5) hi Na-ha~saga-ta (6) Siir-su-ga-lam-ma 
 (7) hi-ha-ti. (8) Gir Sur-^-Nun-gal (9) u Lu-ha-hi. 
 
 (10) Mu d-Su-d-Sin lugala (11) [U]ri -wa - gi 
 (12) [mayda Za-ah-s[a- (13) mu-Jmla. 
 
 3 brazen hazi, their weight 5^ mana 5 shekels, he has 
 sold. From Nabasag, Sur-su-galamma has received them. 
 Intermediaries: Sur-Nnngala and Ln-babi. 
 
 Year Su-Sin, king of Ur, ravaged the land of Zabsalu. 
 
 This is a similar transaction to No. 46, where, however, 
 the vessel sold is described as '' a brazen hasuda 
 
 The date is a fuller form of No. 54. 
 
 56 (34). Su-Sin, 9th year. 
 
 Baked ; 25 mm. high by 21 mm. wide ; obverse live 
 
 lines of writing in as many cases, reverse and edge below 
 eight in five cases. Colour greyish-yellow ochre, 
 
 Obverse Reverse 
 
 . ( 
 
ASSES. GRAIN ITOR SHEEP 
 
 65 
 
 (I) Gi erne su-gi (2) u nisa-kam (3) Gi afisu nitah su-gi, 
 (4) u nis-imina-kam. (5) sag -gal ur-ra (6) Gir Ku-ul-ti 
 (7) pa Icu-ur. (8) zi-ga. (9-10) ki Lugal-dur-maha-ta. 
 
 (II) Iti Mu-su-du, (12) mu ma-gura mah (13) ha-dim. 
 
 1 slie=ass^ fiili-grown, day 20th ; 1 he-ass, full-grown, 
 day 27 th, carrying the food. Through Kulti, the 
 proctor (?), transferred from Lugal-durmaK. 
 
 Month Mu-sudu (the 10th month), jmar (the king) 
 constructed the sublime bark. 
 
 The rendering of sag -gal urra as “ carrying the food ” 
 is based upon the meaning of rakdbu, “ to ride,” which 
 (Meissner, Seltene Ideogramme, No. 3826) seems 
 to have. The translation “proctor” ior pa ku-ur is based 
 on the addition to pL 19 a, 6, of WAI. ii, pL 26, where 
 HJl ku-ru-*, is translated by napalsuhu, probabh^ 
 meaning “ to weigh ”. 
 
 The names Kulti and Lugal-durmah seem not to occur in 
 E-eisner s Tempelurkunden. The former is possibly Semitic. 
 
 57 (35). Su-Sin, 9tli date. 
 
 Baked ; 50 mm. high by 40 mm. wide ; obverse seven, 
 reverse and edge below it nine lines of careful writing. 
 The' fourth and fifth lines of the reverse are separated by 
 a small space. Colour reddish-grey. 
 
 Obverse Reverse 
 
66 BABYLONIAN TABLETS OF BERENS COLLECTION 
 
 (1) 364 sheep at J qa of grain (each), (2) 1st day to 
 13th day, (3) their grain (amounts to) 7 gur 266 qa. (4) 
 Month Gud-du-nemumu. (5) 362 sheep at 1 qa of grain, 
 (6) to the 30th day less 1, (7) their grain (amounts to) 
 35 gur less 2 qa. (8) Month Izin-Negun. (9) 361 sheep at 
 1 qa, to day 8, (10) their grain is 9 gur 188 qa. (11) Month 
 Su-(n)umuna (tlie 5th month = Tammuz). 
 
 (12) Total; 52 gur 152 qa (13) grain sheep-food, (14) 
 within tlie temple of Eres. (15) Agent: Sur-Gal-alim. 
 (16) Year (the king) constructed the sublime bark. 
 
 The following are the calculations upon which the totals 
 are based : — 
 
 364 ^qa of grain x 13 for the days = 2,366 qa or 7 gur 
 266 qa. 
 
 362 qa x 29 for the days = 10,498 qa or 24 gur 298 qa. 
 
 361 qaxS for the days = 2,888 qa or 9 gur 188 qa. 
 
 The totals 7 gur 266 qa, 34 gur 298 qa, and 9 gu^r 
 188 qa added together = 52 gur 152 qa. 
 
 58 (36). Su-Sin, 9th date. 
 
 Unbaked ; 38’25 mm. high by 33 mm. wide ; obverse 
 seven lines of writing in six cases, reverse six lines in as 
 many cases, with a space between the fourth and fiftli 
 lines. The breaking away of one of the right-hand 
 corners makes lines 5—7 of the obverse and lines 1 and 2 
 of the reverse imperfect. Colour grey. 
 
 Obverse Reverse 
 
58. ABOUT SUPPLIES 
 
 67 
 
 (1) Mina (gur) dida seg ; (2) nis {qa) zid~se; (3) as 
 qa zid, lama qa esa (4) gar sur-sur-ra Kis (?) (5) gin{iyku 
 (6) iti Su~(n)umuna. (7) Es (1) qa zid [se\, (8) es qa zid, 
 mina qa [esa], (9) niga su-\su\ (10) nam-mb tar-ra 
 (11) iti Bimdcua. 
 
 (12) Zi-ga (13) mu ma~hura~mah ha-dim. 
 
 2 gur of fine (? sparkling) herb-beer, 20 qa of grain- 
 meal, 6 qa of meal, 4 qa of es-a (? rice), food-offerings for 
 Kis (?)-gin (?), month §u-(n)umuna (Tammuz). 3 (?) qa of 
 [grain-]meal, 3 qa of meal, 2 qa of [es-a], (for) the fallings’ 
 nourishment (?). Namsub-tarra, month Dim-kua. 
 
 Transferred. Year (the king) constructed the sublime 
 bark. 
 
 For dida see the Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 
 for October, 1905, p. 826, commenting on the four-column 
 syllabary, obverse, line 28. 
 
 The plant indicated by the characters A-TIR in line 3 
 has the pronunciation, according to the syllabary W.A.I., 
 V, pi. 22, 24 e-h, of Ss-a, probably “water-es”. The 
 meaning of the ideographic group would seem to be 
 “ water + grain + great-great ”. 
 
 For niga (1. 9), see the Amherst Tablets, vol. i, p. 77, 
 also No. 37, above, line 14. 
 
 59 (37). §u-Sin, date 9a. 
 
 Unbaked ; 47 mm. high, 39 mm. wide ; obverse seven 
 lines of well-formed writing, lower part of the reverse 
 three. Upper left-hand corner chipped. Colour grey. 
 
 ( 1 ) Gi S Nig-ila (2) imi-e~hed-a (3) dumu Lu~^-Ba-u 
 (4) sag Lagas tci (5) enim Gu-de-a-su (6) m-ha-su (7) 
 Gu-de-a ni-es. 
 
 (8) Iti Gan-mas (9) mu us-sa ma-kura (10) mah ba~dim. 
 
 One house, Nig-ila, the brickmaker, son of Lu-Bau, 
 within Lagas, by command of Gudea, for the fisherman. 
 Gudea, receiver. 
 
 Month Gan-mas (the second month), year after (the 
 king) made the sublime bark. 
 
68 BABYLONIAN TABLETS OF BERENS COLLECTION 
 
 Obverse 
 
 Reverse 
 
 The present inscription is one of a very rare kind, and 
 the rendering is therefore uncertain. It is based on the 
 fact that the first thing mentioned is a house, and that 
 the second line gives the name of a trade or profession 
 which had to do with pieces of clay, ^ytyy Ty> 
 
 apparently the ^yyyy fifth volume of the 
 
 W. Asia Inscr., pi. 42, i, 15, but provided with the case- 
 endings, im-e-ked-a for im-kid. The Semitic equivalent 
 is kirsu, “ piece ” (of clay). 
 
 Workmen or officials bearino; the above desiofiiation are 
 mentioned in Keisner’s I'empelurkunden, pi. 110, No. 153, 
 vi, 8 ; 154, ii, 8 and 27 (classed among the edinawe or 
 men of the plain ”), iii, 14 and 16 (among the madudu 
 or “ ark-carriers ”), 25 (with the ark-bringers, ma-gidawe), 
 40, vi, 3 (with the nidutve or porters, door-keepers), 10, 
 16 (where Uddaneka, the edina or ‘‘field-man” seems to 
 be described as one of them), 23 (where Lugal-erida the 
 ime-[keda'], son of Atu, and Makurri, do., son of Melahha, 
 have this title, and are described as men of the temple of 
 Nina), 34 and 39, vii, 5, 9 (again classed, apparently, 
 with the “ ark-bringers ”). These various references imply 
 that the imi-keda supplied clay for practically all the 
 purposes to which it might be put. 
 
A KECEIPT FOR GRAIN 
 
 69 
 
 60 (38a and h). Su-Sin, 9th date. 
 
 Baked inner tablet; 37 mm. high by 35'5 mm. wide; 
 obverse five lines of writing, reverse four lines in three cases 
 (a space between the first and second). Colour a light 
 yellow grey. 
 
 Obverse 
 
 Reverse 
 
 
 The envelope inserts after l.^ 
 
 Lugal-[gu -mah 
 
 damu Ura-kal[-/aJ 
 . •. La- . . .“ 
 kar 
 
 
 The fragment of the envelope (lower part of obverse, 
 two pieces joined) measures 32’5 mm. high by 44 mm. wide, 
 and has, in three lines, the third and fourth lines of the 
 obverse, with the addition given above. On the lower 
 and right-hand edges are impressions of portions of the 
 cylinder-seal. The upper left-hand corner of the reverse 
 lias part of two wedges of the first character of the 
 reverse. 
 
 (1) Gi ms u se gur (2) sa-dug <^-En-Jci (3) ni-duha 
 a-sag gi-tah-ha (4) hi Lu-uru-sag ^^-ta (5) Lugal-gii- 
 maha (6) su-ba-ti. 
 
 (7) Iti Izin-d'Ba-u (8) mu e t^-^/cara(?) ha- (9) du. 
 
70 BABYLONIAN TABLETS OF BERENS COLLECTION 
 
 70 gur of grain, due of the god Enki, from the store- 
 house of the field gi-tahha, from Lu-Uru-saga, Lugal-gu- 
 maha has received. 
 
 Month Izin-Bau (the 9th month), year (the king) built 
 the temple of (the god of Umma). 
 
 The envelope inserts se Sur-(^-Lama sabra, “ grain of 
 Sur-Lama the seer,” after the word tahfia, and in all 
 probability it had the usual variant “ seal of Lugal-gu- 
 maha ” instead of “ Lugal-gu-maha has received 
 
 The impression of his cylinder-seal shows a man looking 
 to the left, seizing a lion, erect and walking left, by the tail. 
 The figure on the right of the inscription seems to have 
 had an arm extended, the hand probably holding a sword, 
 similar to that of No. 26 (p. 24), but the arm is considerably 
 longer. The inscription itself may be transcribed and 
 read as follows : — 
 
 Lugal-[gu-maha\, dumu Uru-lcal [-^a], . . . ^ La- . . . 
 huT, “ Lugal-gu-maha, son of Uru-kalla, anointing-priest 
 of the god La- . . . -kur.” 
 
 Saduga in line 2 was Semiticized as satukku, with 
 the same meaning. 
 
 The meaning of gi-tahha is doubtful. Individually, 
 the components mean ‘'prolific cane ”. If this be sorghum, 
 the expression used suggests that it had not been known 
 long enough to have received a special name. Sorghum is 
 said to produce a hundredfold. 
 
 Lu-uru-sag is a name meaning “ man of the head-city”, 
 but what this place may have been is doubtful — Lagas, 
 Ur, Kis, and possibly Babylon, may be intended — or there 
 may have been a city called “ the Head-City ”. 
 
 61 (40). Ibe-Sin, 1st year. 
 
 Baked ; 44 mm. high by 38 mm. wide ; obverse six lines 
 of writing in three cases, reverse four lines in three 
 cases, the first and the second lines having a space 
 between. 
 
CONCERNING GARMENTS AND GRAIN 
 
 71 
 
 Obverse Reverse 
 
 hissan ma-na (4) ia gin (5) es tug nig~ne (6) lama-kam us 
 (7) ki-lala-hi as ma-na. 
 
 (8) Iti Dim-kua (9) mu (10) <^-Sin lugala. 
 
 4 lamhussu-gix,YmQnis the third servant, the weight 
 8 J mana 5 shekels ; 3 lamliiLSsu-gd^vmeni^ the 4th servant, 
 the weio-ht 6 mana. 
 
 O 
 
 Month Dim-kua (6th month), year of Ibe-Sin, the king. 
 
 Tablets of this nature are common and very simple, 
 presenting hut few variants. Good writing. 
 
 62 (41). Ibe-Sin, 1st year. 
 
 Baked ; 39 ’5 mm. high by 34 mm. wide ; obverse four, 
 reverse (lower part) two lines of writing. Both sides and 
 all four edges are impressed with the c^dinder-seal of 
 a scribe. Bold writing, flattened down by the impressions. 
 
 Obverse Reverse 
 
 ^ Or 7w‘gr-Zama (see JRAS., October, 1905, p. 829, n. 4). Another 
 possible reading is lam{a)hu§ (same page, 1. 12, and n. 3). 
 
72 BABYLONIAN TABLETS OF BERENS COLLECTION 
 
 (1) Mina se gur (2) hi Lugal-an-na-tuma- (3) ta. 
 (4) duba Lul-a-mn. 
 
 (5) Mu d.J-lje- (6) <^-Sin lugala. 
 
 2 gur of grain, from Lugal-anna-tum. Seal of Lulamu. 
 
 Year of Ibe-Sin, the king. 
 
 The cylinder-seal had the usual design showing the 
 owner led into the presence of his god. The three-line 
 inscription reads as follows : — 
 
 Lu-^-Dumu-zi Lu-Dumuzi, 
 
 dup-sara the scribe, 
 
 dumu Har-hi-ku son of Harbiku. 
 
 Instances of scribes using cylinders not their own are 
 rare, but are not unknown. It would naturally be 
 interesting to know how Lulamu became possessed of 
 that of Lu-Dumuzi — or have we to read Naramu, “ My 
 singer,” in line 4, the pet name of Lu-Dumuzi, “ the man 
 of Tammuz ” ? Tammuz-Adonis seems in many respects 
 to have been a type of Orpheus. 
 
 63 (42(X and 6). Ibe-Sin, 1st year. 
 
 Baked inner tablet ; 36’5 mm. high by 34'5 mm. wide ; 
 obverse four lines in as many cases, reverse four lines in 
 three cases, with a space preceding the last three lines. 
 Fragments of the envelope adhere to the reverse. 
 
 Obverse Reverse 
 
TABLETS CONCERNING GRAIN 
 
 73 
 
 (1) Mina sus se gur (2) gar-sam gi-su (3) Id Sur-^-En- 
 lil-la-ta (4) Ha-ni-ni dam-gar (5) su-ha-ti. 
 
 (6) Iti Amar-a-a-si (7) mu ^-I-he <^-8in lugala. 
 
 120 qa of grain, purchase for fodder, from Sur-Enlilla, 
 Hanini, the agent, has received. 
 
 Month Amar-aasi (11th month),"year of Ibe-Sin the king. 
 
 Apparently the grain was for sowing, in order to produce 
 green stuff {gi), which was given to the cattle. 
 
 The variant on the envelope is : duha Ha-ni-ni dam- 
 gar, “ seal of Hanini the agent.” 
 
 The remains of the envelope (upper part of the reverse) 
 measure 40 mm. high by 44*6 mm. wide. It has one 
 complete line and the remains of two others, with the 
 end-wedges of the third line on the right-hand edge. The 
 surface and edges bear, as usual, the scribe’s cylinder-seal, 
 but, the clay having been too wet, the inscription is 
 illegible, and the outlines of the figures are indistinct. 
 The design seems to have been the usual one showing the 
 owner led into the presence of a seated deity. 
 
 64 (116). Ibe-Sin, 1st year. 
 
 Imperfectly baked ; 50*2 mm. high by 32 mm. wide ; 
 obverse eight lines of writing in seven cases, reverse 
 and edge ten lines in eight cases, with a blank case 
 between lines 5 and 6 of the same. As the surface has 
 suffered somewhat, certain of the characters are not very 
 clear, and the bottom left-hand corner of the obverse 
 ( = top left-hand of the reverse) is broken away. This 
 and other damage renders lines 8—11 and 16—18 imperfect. 
 Colour reddish-grey. 
 
 (1) As sus mina uhi qa se gur (2) duha En-lil-ki-aga 
 (3) imina gur {4i) duha Sur-^- Ba-ti-im ; (5) mina gir 
 ^•Bahhar-ig-sag{'^)\ {Q) mina gir Ama-lugala; (7) duha 
 8ur- <i’Nin-gis-zi- {3) -dadumii Lugal-uru- . . . ; {^)u-es 
 es sus u \qa se (10) gir mina lu- . . . (11) duha 
 
74 BABYLONIAN TABLETS OF BERENS COLLECTION 
 
 Sur-ug-dur-ra (12) as duha Lu-^ag-ga. (13) nis qa azag 
 lal-a-ba. 
 
 (14) su-nigin usu mina nimin qa se guv (15) mu-gin 
 (16) hi Lu-[sa']g-ga~ta (17) Mu-^-Ihe- (18) -Sin, lugala. 
 
 Obverse Reverse 
 
 1 gur 150 qa of grain, seal of Enlil-kiaga (or Nibri- 
 kiaga, Nibri ki -aga) ; 7 gur, seal of Sur-Bau ; 2 {gur) 
 through Babbar-igsag (?) ; 2 {gur) through Sur-lugala; 
 seal of Sur-Nin-gis-zida, son of Lugal-uru- . . . ; 13 gur 
 190 qa through 2 men, seal of Sur-ug-durra ; Q {gur), 
 seal of Lu-sagga. 20 qa of silver have been paid. 
 
 Total : 32 gur 40 qa of grain brought from Lu-sagga’s 
 place. Year Ibe-Sin (became) king. 
 
 On the left-hand edsre are the numerals usu-mina 
 nimin, “ 32 40,” being the total of 32 gur 40 qa expressed 
 with different characters for the units of the former and 
 the whole of the latter. 
 
 The state of this inscription made repeated collation 
 necessary, and several of the characters are still uncertain. 
 Noteworthy is the writing Sur-Bauim in line 4, which 
 apparently shows the Semitic form of the goddess’s name 
 used as the second element {Bauim). In the later contracts 
 
TABLETS REFERRING TO GRAIN 
 
 75 
 
 it is often written with the sign for “ gate ”, hdhi (genitive), 
 which was probably pronounced hdvi. 
 
 Sur-lugala in line 6 is uncertain. If it has to be read 
 ama lugala, the mother of Ibe-Sin would seem to be 
 intended. 
 
 Unlike the two intermediaries in lines 5 and 6, those 
 mentioned in line 10 are unnamed. 
 
 Notwithstanding that a Lu-sagga is mentioned in line 12, 
 Lu-sagga is also the best reading for the damaged name in 
 line 16. Whether the same, or different, individuals is 
 uncertain. 
 
 65 (45). Ibe-Sin, 1st year. 
 
 Imperfectly baked ; 42*6 mm. high by 40'5 mm. wide ; 
 obverse five lines of writing, reverse three, with a space 
 between the first and the second. This space, together 
 with the obverse and the reverse (though not the edges), is 
 impressed with the cylinder-seal of the scribe. 
 
 Obverse Reverse 
 
 (1) Usu se guv (2) sag -gal udu (3) ki Lu-dingir-ra-ta 
 (4) diiha 8ur-d-En-zii (5) ni-duha ^•Gal\_-alim^ (6) a-sag 
 us-gid-da. 
 
 (7) Mu <^-I-he- (8) ^-Sin lugala. 
 
 30 gur of grain, food of the sheep, from Lu-dingirra. 
 Seal of Sur-Enzu, storehouse of the god Gal-alim, (in) the 
 field of the ranch. 
 
 Year of Ibe-Sin, the king. 
 
76 BABYLONIAN TABLETS OF BERENS COLLECTION 
 
 The design on the cylinder-seal showed its owner being 
 led into the presence of his god. He is wearing a thick- 
 brimmed, round-topped hat, and holds a cup in his 
 outstretched right hand. In the field, before the deity’s 
 face, was a bird with outspread wings and legs. The 
 inscription thereon was as follows : — 
 
 Sur-d-En-zu Sur-Enzu, 
 
 dujp-sara the scribe, 
 
 dumu Gistin C?) son of Lu-Gistin (?). 
 
 Beneath the inscription, when read vertically, is the 
 figure of an animal — a lion or a dragon — striding towards 
 the left. 
 
 Us~gidda, in line 6, is explained in the bilingual lists by 
 the Semitic murteddu, from redu, “to raise,” in the sense 
 of “ to breed ”. 
 
 66 (43). Ibe-Sin(?), 3rd date. 
 
 Baked; 53 mm. high by 41mm. wide; obverse eight 
 lines of writing, reverse eight lines in seven cases, witli 
 a space between the second and third lines. 
 
 Obverse Reverse 
 
 (1) Mina sus lahar (2) saga-ha mina udu a-Jca-hi es 
 (3) a-du gia-kam. (4) mina his lahar (5) saga-ha Ss udu 
 
CONCERNING SHEEP, ETC. 
 
 77 
 
 {a-) ka-hi lama (6) a-du mina-Jcam (7) Sur-^-Akara{'l) 
 da~us (8) mina sus lal gi laliar gi lahar har-sar (9) saga- 
 ha mina udu a-ka-hi es (10) a-du Ssa-kam. 
 
 y 
 
 (11) 8u-nigin as sus udu {12) Sur-mesi dumu Ir-dug- 
 ga (13) udu ba-ur u gia-kam (14) saga. Gu-ah-ha ^^-ka 
 (15) mu en Ninni JJnug (16) mas-e ni-pa{d). 
 
 120 folded sheep, among them 2 rams — their be- 
 speakers (?) (are) 3 — 1st time. 120 folded sheep, among 
 them 3 rams — their bespeakers (?) (are) 4 — 2nd time; 
 Sur-Akara, order-agent (?). 120 less 1 folded sheep, 1 sheep 
 har-sar, among them 2 rams — their bespeakers (?) (are) 3 — 
 3rd time. 
 
 Total : 360 sheep, Sur-mesi, son of Ir-dugga, shears 
 the sheep, day 1st, within Gu-abba. Year (the king) 
 proclaimed the lord (priest) of Istar of Erech by the 
 oracle. 
 
 In line 5 the scribe has apparently made a mistake, and 
 omitted a before ka (see 11. 2 and 9). Instead of a-ka, 
 a-du{g) is also a possible reading (cf. Amherst Tablets, 
 vol. i. No. 59, i, 1. 10 ; ii, 1. 7 ; iii, 1. 7). 
 
 In line 8, instead of har-sar, har-mu is possibly 
 preferable. This may mean raised {mu) separately ” 
 {bar). 
 
 According to Langdon {Archives of Dr ehem, 12), there 
 was in pre-Sargonic times a special month of sheep- 
 shearing, or (as he renders the words) “ month of the 
 house of sheep-shearing ” — Itu ga-udu-ur or Itu ga-ur. 
 He suggests that this corresponded with Chisleu. It 
 seems likely that each owner sent his sheep to be shorn, 
 and they were then counted and described. 
 
 67 (44). Ibe-Sin, date 3a or 4. 
 
 Unbaked; 37 mm. high, 3I’5mm. wide; obverse seven 
 lines of writing in as many cases, edge one line, reverse 
 five lines in three cases, with a space between the first 
 
78 BABYLONIAN TABLETS OF BERENS COLLECTION 
 
 and second. The surface is damao^ed, and there are 
 
 O * 
 
 consequently certain doubtful characters. 
 
 (1) JEs sus udu su-gid zi-ga (2) mina udu ha-hat 
 e a-gal-la (3) Lu-kal-la (4) Gi su^ udu su-gid ha-la-an-ga 
 (5) Sur {l)-d.Gal-alim (6) . . . ka(?)-hi mas-da-ap-za 
 Dur-mah (7) hi Lu-(^-Nin-Gir-su-ta (edge, 8) zi-ga 
 (9) e udu ga-nun-gis-ta. 
 
 (10) Iti gud-du-ne-mu (11) u nis-ilima-ha-ni (12) mu 
 us-sa en ^-Ninni Unug^^ mas-e ni-pa{d). 
 
 180 sheep, inspected (and) taken away ; 120 sheep, 
 
 full-grown, (for) the temple of the spring (.?), Lu-kalla ; 
 60 sheep, inspected, (for ?) the halanga, Sur (?)-Gal-alim, 
 10 sheep (?), their . . . (is) the offering (?) of Dur-mah, 
 from Lu-Nin-Girsu. 
 
 Taken away. From (the sacred) cattle-enclosure. 
 
 Month Gu-du-ne-mu (3rd month), year after (the king) 
 proclaimed the lord (high priest) of Istar of Erech by the 
 oracle. 
 
 The rendering is in many cases doubtful owing to the 
 defacement of the clay. 
 
 From line 9 it would seem that these sheep were kept 
 in a special place, the e udu, ‘‘ house of sheep,” described 
 also as ganun-gis, “ great house ” or enclosure of wood ”. 
 They were inspected to ascertain their suitability for 
 sacrifice. 
 
CONCERNING GRAIN 
 
 79 
 
 68 (46). Ibe-Sin, 3rd date. 
 
 Unbaked ; 39*5 mm. high by 36 mm. wide ; obverse 
 five lines of writing in three cases, reverse five lines in 
 two cases separated by a double line. The reverse is very 
 mutilated. 
 
 (1) Nis-ia gi {sus) ninnu se gur (2) si-ni-ip-mu 
 (3) ma-kur mah (4) 8ur-d-Ba-u dup-sara (5) gud ura-ge 
 (6) . . . (7) hi nu~gal{l) dug(J) nu- (76) gal. 
 
 (8) Mu en (^-Ninni (9) \mas-e] ni-pa(d). 
 
 25 gur 110 ga of grain, the donation (?) of the sublime 
 bark, Sur-Bau, the scribe of the cattle-herdsman, . . . , 
 land non-existent (?), voice (?) non-existent. 
 
 Year (the king) proclaimed the lord of Istar (of Erech) 
 by the oracle. 
 
 The mutilation of lines 6 and 7 renders the translation 
 here proposed very doubtful. In the absence of the clues 
 which these might be regarded as likely to furnish, the 
 key would seem to be in the second line : sinip mu 
 maJcur-mah, “ the overplus (given) in the name of the 
 sublime bark.” The final doubtful words would lead 
 one to imagine that this was returned to the donors, 
 and that those not possessing land had no claim. The 
 injustice of such a regulation, however, speaks against 
 this restoration and interpretation. 
 
80 BABYLONIAN TABLETS OF BEBENS COLLECTION 
 
 69 (47). Ibi-Sin, 3rd(?) date. 
 
 Unbaked ; 52*2 mm. high by 43*5 mm. wide ; obverse 
 four lines of writing with the final character of lines 2-4 
 written below ; reverse six lines. Both sides, as well as 
 the edges, impressed with the cylinder-seal of the scribe, 
 who was one of the secretaries of Ibi-Sin. 
 
 Obverse Reverse 
 
 (1) Chi BUS se gur (2) sag-gal erim Ois ('>)-rig-eiki)-ku 
 
 (3) Id 8ur-^'En~zu sabra-ta (4) duha En-lil-la-ka 
 
 (rev. 5) gir Bur-d-Nisaba (6) luddn-gi-a lugal. 
 
 (7) Jd S-a-S-du-a (8) iti izin~mah (9) mu en gu-gal 
 mi-na (10) en d-Innana ha-tuga. ' 
 
 60 gur of grain, sustenance for the men of Gis-rig-e (?), 
 from Sur-Enzu, the seer. Seal of Sur-Enlilla. Agent : 
 Sur-Nisaba, the king’s messenger. 
 
GRAIN RECEIVED UNDER A ROYAL SCRIBE’S SEAL 81 
 
 A 
 
 Place of Ea-e-dua, month Izin-mah (the 9th month), 
 year he invested the lord great chief of Ann, the lord of 
 Innanna (Istar). 
 
 The fourth character of the second line is doubtful, but 
 the traces point to gis. This uncertainty is due to the 
 indentation caused by the edging or border of the cylinder- 
 seal, which has also rendered other characters doubtful, 
 notably the first and fourth of line 7 (reverse). 
 
 The cylinder-seal shows its owner, Sur-Enlilla, bringing 
 a goat (kid) to the deity whom he worshipped, probably 
 the god Enlilla, “the older Bel,” here shown seated on 
 a throne and wearing the round-topped, thick-brimmed 
 hat of the Babylonian kings. The inscription is as 
 follows 
 
 lugal Icalagga 
 lugal Urii^^)-wa 
 lugal an-uh~da-taht[ahha] 
 Sur-d-Endil-la di-kud('?) 
 [dumu ?] Lu {'lyd-gal-la 
 
 Ibe-Sin, 
 
 the powerful king, 
 king of Ur, 
 king of the 4 regions, 
 Sur-Enlilla the judge (?), 
 [son] of Lu-agalla. 
 
 The traces of the characters at the end of line 5 of the 
 seal-impression do not point to ha (tablet, 1. 4), as would 
 be expected, but seem to be two narrow ones, i.e. di-kud. 
 A better impression is needed to make the reading certain. 
 
 The name of the month, Izin-mah, “ the great festival,” 
 points to this text having come from Drehem, the ancient 
 Dur-(h)amme. 
 
 70 (48). No date except the month. 
 
 Fire-dried; 33'6 mm. high by 35*5 mm. wide; obverse 
 four lines of writing, reverse four. Colour a blackened 
 grey. Surface rolled over with the cylinder-seal of the 
 scribe. 
 
 (1) Usu qa ha-hil (2) ki sabra~e~ta (3) ha-ha Lu-inar- 
 sa-su (4) duha Nar-a-mu (5) dup-sar mar-sa (6) gir 
 Sur-<i- JSfin-mar- (7) ki (8) Iti Se-gur-kudu, 
 
 6 
 
82 BABYLONIAN TABLETS OF BERENS COLLECTION 
 
 Obverse Reverse 
 
 30 qa of prepared (?) fish from the seers for the fish- 
 food of Lu-marsa (the Marsaite). Seal of Naramu, the 
 Marsaite scribe. Accent : Sur-Nin-marki. Month Se-o^ur- 
 kudu (the 12th month = Adar). 
 
 The cylinder-seal of the Marsaite scribe reads as 
 follows 
 
 Nar-a-mu Naramu, 
 
 ^4^ 4X3 dup-sara the scribe, 
 
 ir dumu Kan~ti son of Kanti. 
 
 The design which accompanied this is doubtful, but the 
 curved lines at the bottom of the reverse suggest an 
 animal held head downwards. 
 
 It seems probable that this may record a consignment 
 (gift) of prepared fish for the people referred to by 
 Herodotus as living exclusively upon that form of 
 nourishment. 
 
 71 (49). Month only. 
 
 Unbaked ; 32 mm. high by 26 mm. wide ; obverse six 
 lines of writing in as many cases, reverse seven in five 
 cases. Colour grey, with darker surface. 
 
DAIRY PRODUCE. CLOTH 
 
 83 
 
 Obverse Reverse 
 
 (1) U gin gi zal ir-nun (2) sussan qa lot (3) mas qa 
 zal-nun dng-ga (4) gi qa zal-nun (5) mina qa ga-hur 
 (6) ia qa ga gal-a (7) gi qa li (8) Lugal ('?)-tur-du- 
 (9) gis-tah-ha (10) Gir Lu-^-Nin-sah (11) duimi Lu- 
 <^-Ba-u (12) zi-ga (13) \_Iti D%\mdcua. 
 
 10 gin (shekels) of irnun-o \\ ; J qa of honey ; ^ qa of 
 sweet butter; 1 qa of butter; 2 qa of cream-cheese (?) ; 
 5 qa of (firm) cheese (?) ; 1 qa of li, (for) the god Lugal (?)- 
 tur-du-gis-tahha. Agent : Lu-Ninsah, son of Lu-Bau. 
 Taken. Month Dim-kua. 
 
 It is doubtful whetlier the first line is rightly read. 
 The slight erasure may be intended to cover the upright 
 wedge before zal, and the third upright wedge of the last 
 character but one {ir) may be unintentional. With these 
 changes the rendering would probably be “10 gin of oil 
 of butter”, i.e. butter in a liquid state (generally more 
 or less so in hot weather). In that case the zalnun in 
 lines 3 and 4 would probably be some kind of cream. 
 
 Whether anything is lost at the beginning of lines 8 
 and 9 is uncertain — a parallel text would decide this 
 question. For Lu-Ninsah, see Nos. 18 and 40. 
 
 72 (50). Undated. 
 
 Unbaked; 41‘5 mm. high by 35 mm. wide. Obverse 
 five lines of writing in four cases ; reverse three lines 
 in two cases. The fourth line, being very lightly 
 impressed, and smaller than the rest, was probably 
 squeezed in after the remainder was written, 
 
84 BABYLONIAN TABLETS OF BERENS COLLECTION 
 
 Obverse Reverse 
 
 (1) Mina sus nimin~es gun (2) u-es mana u gin tug 
 (3) lama sus nis-ds tug-muk (4) es sus tuk duba-ta-tur 
 (5) e duh-ha-ta (6) hi sabra-e- (7) ta (S)sag (n)ig-ga-kam. 
 
 Obverse. 
 
 163 talents 13 mana 10 shekels of cloth; 
 
 266 of mu/c-cloth ; 
 
 180 for tablet-cloth, small ; 
 
 from the tablet-house, 
 
 Reverse. 
 
 from the seers. 
 
 Amount of stock. 
 
 Gun (‘‘talent”) and mana are written without their 
 usual phonetic complements un and na. The fourth and 
 fifth lines imply that special pieces of cloth were 
 manufactured for the tablet-makers — whether material 
 placed between tablets to prevent them, when stacked 
 or packed together, from damaging each other, or specially 
 absorbent cloth to keep them damp before and whilst 
 being inscribed, is uncertain. 
 
 “ Amount of stock ” is a free rendering of the last line ; 
 literally, the meaning is, “ head of property.” 
 
 73 (57). Day and month only — no year. 
 
 Unbaked ; 41 mm. high by 34*7 mm. wide ; obverse 
 seven lines of writing in six cases ; reverse the same, with 
 a space between the third and fourth. Colour dark grey. 
 
ABOUT WORKMEN 
 
 85 
 
 Obverse Reverse 
 
 (I) U erim hun-ga Sur-sag-ga (2) uru-gala (3) 4 erim 
 hun-ga Lu-^-Ba-u uru-gala (4) a-hab pa Sur-dingir-ra 
 (5) u erim Lu-bal-seg uru-gala (6) ussa Lu-kal-la uru- 
 gala (7) imina Lu-bal-ni-zu (8) u Lu-<^-Na-ru-a uru-gala 
 (9) gis-tah-tab-gid-da (10) pa Lu-S-bili. 
 
 (II) A -sag gir-su-zi-lu~na (12) u ia-lmm (13) Iti 
 Izin-d-Ba-u. 
 
 10 workmen of Sur-sagga, the uru-gala (priest); 
 10 workmen of Lu-Bau, the uru-gala (priest) ; the water- 
 reservoir (well) of the overseer Sur-dingira. 10 men of 
 Lu-bal-seg, the uru-gala (priest) ; 8 of Lu-kala, the uru- 
 gala (priest); 7 of Lu-bal-nizu ; 10 of Lu-Narua, the 
 uru-gala (priest) ; “ the double long fertilizing wood,” 
 the overseer, Lu-e-bili. 
 
 The field of Girsu (?)-ziluna. Day 5th, month Izin-Bau. 
 
 It is difficult to give a really trustworthy rendering 
 of this inscription, on account of the doubtful words in 
 lines 4, 10, and 12, but concerning them thus much may 
 be said : The characters at the beginning of line 4 
 stand for ‘‘ water ” and a receptacle of some kind — 
 ‘‘reservoir,” “well,” or the like. In line 10 the group 
 “ wood ”, “ opening ”, or “ raising ”, “ double”, and 
 
 “ long ”, suggests a “ shadouf ” — but all is uncertainty. 
 The word after “field”, in line 12, is probably a name. 
 
86 
 
 BABYLONIAN TABLETS OF BERENS COLLECTION 
 
 74 (52). Month only. 
 
 Unbaked ; 26'5 mm. high by 23'5 mm. wide ; obverse, 
 four lines in three cases ; reverse, two lines after a blank 
 space. Colour grey. 
 
 Obverse Reverse 
 
 (1) U gin zal gis (2) mina qa ha-lnm (3) nig-mr-.mr- 
 ra- (4) hi gestin. 
 
 (5) zi~ga (6) iti Izin-^^-Ne-gun. 
 
 10 shekels of sesame-oil, 2 qa of dates, which have been 
 crushed (for) wine. 
 
 Removed (in) the month Izin-Negun (?) (the 4th month). 
 
 75 (53). No date. 
 
 Unbaked ; 36‘5 mm. high by 32 mm. wide ; obverse 
 four lines in three cases ; reverse live lines in four cases. 
 Colour grey. 
 
 Obverse Reverse 
 
 & 
 
 5 # 
 
 >- 
 
 
 
 (1) U ma-na-e (2) 
 (4) Du-dn (5) ha-hil 
 (8) ki-hadi (9) zi-ga. 
 
 sussanna 
 
 {-sanna) (3) zibar 
 (6) lum (7) Lugal-uru-da 
 
RECEIPT OF BRONZE. GRAIN-CONTRIBUTIONS 87 
 
 10 manas and one-third of bronze, Dudu, the Habillu«i — 
 Lugal-uruda has received it. Taken. 
 
 Hahillu'^ in lines 5-6 being a Semitic form, it was 
 probably borrowed from the Akkadians. From the 
 context, it should mean “ bronze- worker ”, or the like. 
 
 Noteworthy is the lengthening e after mana. The 
 form ^abrae in Nos. 48 and 50 suggests that this is 
 a plural, and, in that case, a shortening of the full form 
 -ene^ perhaps under Semitic influence. Line 2 contains 
 an instance of a triple phonetic complement, also due, 
 probably, to Semitic influence. 
 
 The absence of a date is unfortunate. A Dudu, son of 
 the issag, is mentioned in Reisner’s No. 119, I, 19, dated 
 in the year when Dungi ravaged Harsi and Humurti. 
 In about five other cases Dudu occurs either as a man’s 
 name or as his occupation. It means “he who goes about”, 
 “urges on, directs”, “supplies”, etc. 
 
 76 (54). No date, but later than the preceding. 
 
 Unbaked; 66 mm. high by 49‘5 mm. wide; obverse 
 twelve lines of writing, edge below two lines ; reverse 
 ten lines. Colour grey, writing careless. 
 
 (1) Imina gur se puqurru~su (2) oJ guv gi sus qa 
 
 y 
 
 (^■Samas (S) gi sus se ^-Mar-tu (4) gi ms se ^-Nabu-na- 
 mn-uk-ka (5) as gur gi sus se (6) lama sus u qa se 
 umu isten (7) lama sus u qa §e umu sind (fi) gi sus u 
 qa se umu salsu gi sus se umu irbu (10) mina sus 
 usu qa se umu hamsu (11) mina g%ir es sus qa Ba-zi 
 (12) es lama qa gur Ba-zi (?) (13) es sus nis qa se suku 
 gur (14) lama gur mina sus nis qa Ba-zi (reverse — 
 15) mina gur mina sus nimin qa sa-ki-in (16) as gur 
 gi sus qa ^-Samas (17) mina giur es ms qa suku gur 
 (18) es ms nis qa se suku gur (19) lama gur mina sus 
 nis qa Ba-zi (20) si-ni-ip mina gur mina sus nimin qa 
 sa-ki-in (21) i-na imina gur puqurru-su (22) i-na lama 
 gur puqurru-su (23) es gur gi ms nimin qa Ba-zi (24) si- 
 ni-ip mina ms nis qa se. 
 
S8 BABYLONIAN TABLETS OF BERENS COLLECTION 
 
 Obverse Reverse 
 
 7 gur of grain his claim, 1 giir 60 qa Samas (the sun- 
 god) ; 60 qa of grain Martu ; 60 qa of grain Nahu- 
 namukka ] 1 gur 60 qa of grain. 250 qa of grain 
 day 1; 250 qa of grain day 2; 70 ga of grain day 3; 
 60 qa of grain day 4; 150 qa of grain day 5; (total:) 
 2 gur 180 qa Bazi. 
 
 3 gur 240 qa Bazi (?) ; 200 qa of grain-food ( = ) 4 gur 
 140 qa Bazi ; 2 gur 160 gn Sakin. 
 
 1 gur 60 ga Samas; 2 gur 180 qa of food; 200 qa of 
 grain-food ; (total :) 4 gur 140 qa Bazi. 
 
 Overplus 2 gur 160 ga^akin, in the 7 gur his claim, in 
 the 4 gur his claim. 3 gur 100 qa Bazi, overplus 140 qa 
 of grain. 
 
 The inscription being rather mutilated, the rendering is 
 in certain cases doubtful. Other texts of the same class 
 will probably throw light upon it ultimately. 
 
77. CONSIGNMENTS OF DRINK, FOOD, AND OIL 89 
 
 Though not indicated, the amount attached to the name 
 of Bazi in line 11 is the total of the sums given in 
 lines 6-10; by adding to this the 1 gur 60 qa in line 5 
 we get the total of 3 gur 240 qa given in line 12; by 
 adding, again, the 200 qa in line 13, the total of 4 gur 
 140 qa in line 14 is made up. The 4 gur 140 qa in 
 line 19 is the total of the sums in the three preceding 
 lines. 
 
 The sinip, 2 gur 160 qa, of Sakin (line 20), is a repetition 
 of line 15 ; and that of line 24 is a repetition of line 13. 
 
 77 (55). Month only. 
 
 Unbaked ; 32 mm. high by 26 mm. wide ; obverse six 
 lines of writing in as many cases ; reverse seven lines 
 in six cases. Top right-hand corner broken, rendering the 
 first and the last lines (13 and 14) incomplete. Portions 
 of lines 1-3 are somewhat defaced. 
 
 Obverse Reverse 
 
 (1) Mina qa has . . . (2) gi a-gam zal (3) Su-ila-tu‘>^ 
 lu gis-ku (4) Sa-hu-uM^^) gin~ni (5) lama qa has, lama 
 qa gar, (6) mina a-gam zal (7) u mina-kam sag uru 
 (8) as (gur) cUda, ia qa udii (9) kaskala-su (10) lu 
 
 gis-ku (11) A-dam-dun(^^) -su (12) gin-ni. 
 
 y 
 
 (13) Iti 8u-(n)umuna (14) . . . 
 
 2 qa of drink, [2 qa of food], 1 measure of oil, (by) 
 Su-ilatu«i, the retainer, have gone to Sabu“^, 4 qa of drink 
 
90 BABYLONIAN TABLETS OF BERENS COLLECTION 
 
 4 qa of food, 2 measures of oil, were in the city on the 
 the 2nd day. 1 {gur) of dicZa-drink, 5 qa of mutton (?), 
 for the road, (by) Atu, the retainer, have gone to 
 Adamdun. 
 
 Month Su-(n)umuna (the 5th month, Tammuz), day . . . 
 
 For other texts of this class, see Nos. 15, 16, 17, 42, 49. 
 
 The name §u-ilatu°a may also be read Su-elitu°i. For 
 the form, cf. Su-eli in No. 42, line 7. 
 
 The character at the end of the eig^hth line is uncertain, 
 but, if correctly read, would imply that the Babylonians 
 had some means of preserving meat in good condition. 
 
 78 (56). Date lost (except the day). 
 
 Baked; 41 '2 mm. high by 28mm. wide; obv’^erse nine 
 lines of writing ; reverse nine lines in six cases. The 
 top is broken away, rendering lines 1-4 of the obverse 
 and 5-8 of the reverse incomplete. Lines 2 and 3 of the 
 rev^erse also damaged. Colour ligrht brown. 
 
 Obverse Reverse 
 
 (!)••• ( 2 ) [2 (0 AcZ]-cZa (3) [2 (?) qa'] kud-da 
 (4) l[u u7'']-ku-me (5) nis minct qa dwp-sara tur-tur 
 (6) ia qa mar-tu-sal (7) as qa svur-e-dar-a (8) as qa lu- 
 kal-la (9) ma-gin ma-gan-na-me (10) nis-lama qa gar 
 {11) dup-sara lu-dingir~ra (12) ussa qa dup-sara (^-Akar- 
 (13) ra-kam (14) u qa gar gi-duha{'^)-ur (15) . . . u qa 
 Gal~(dima-mu (16) zahara-ku (?). 
 
CONSIGNMENTS OF FOOD 
 
 91 
 
 (17) \zi-g^a u u-u8sa-\]ca7ri\ (18) . . . 
 
 (1) . . . (2) [2 (?) Ad]da; (3) [2 (?) qa\ Kudda; (4) 
 (and) the dog-men ; (5) 22 qa the young scribes ; (6) 5 qa 
 the Amorite woman; (7) 6 qa Sur-e-dara; (8) 6 qa Lu- 
 kalla (9) (and) the shippers of Maganna (the Sinaitic 
 peninsula) ; (10) 24 qa of food, (11) the scribe of Lu-din- 
 girra ; (12-13) 8 qa, the scribe of Akarra-kam ; (14) 10 qa 
 of food Gi-duba(?)-ur ; (15) 70 (?) qa Gal-alima-mu, 
 (16) the accountant (?). 
 
 (17) [Taken aw]ay (on) the 18th day, (18) . . . 
 
 Several texts of this class are published by Reisner in 
 TempelurJcunden aus Telloh, and it is from these that 
 some of the restorations are taken. The principal texts 
 in that publication are Nos. 230-8, and inform us that 
 the produce here “invoiced” was gar, “food.” They 
 mention the amounts of “the younger scribes”, the 
 Amorite woman (or women), Sur-e-dara and Lu-kalla. 
 No. 230 has the doubtful group which I have provisionally 
 transcribed Gi-diiha-tbr, and maginme or “ shippers ” are 
 mentioned in No. 235. Reisnerk Nos. 207 and 208 seem 
 to be also of the same class, and supply the completion of 
 line 4 as lu ur-ku-me, “ dog-men,” with the synonym 
 sib-ur-ku~me, “dog-keepers.” In No. 208, line 7, a mistake 
 (evidently) of the scribe combines lu, the sign for “ man ”, 
 with that which I have transcribed duba, and this is 
 followed by ur and ur-ku, leading to the probability 
 that the gi~duha{'i)-ur also had something to do 
 with dogs. 
 
 The texts given by Reisner, when dated, are of the 
 reign of Bur-Sin (“ year after [he invested] the supreme 
 great lord of Anu [and the lord of Nannar] ”). Another 
 date is “ Year the daughter of the king took the viceroy 
 of Zabsalu”. (See pp. 40 ff. and 61 ff.) 
 
 79 (57). Month only. 
 
 Baked ; 47 mm. high, 33’5 mm. wide ; obverse ten lines, 
 reverse seven lines of writing, the last line preceded by 
 
92 JUBYLOXIAX TABLETS OF BEREXS COLLECTIOX 
 
 a wide space. A large portion of the upper and right- 
 hand part (obverse) is broken away, rendering the first 
 eight lines and the last line incomplete. Colour reddish- 
 yellow. 
 
 Obverse Reverse 
 
 (1) . . . (2) Sicr-^-En-zu (1) . . . (3) Susa . . . (4) ia 
 qa zid gi d[-gam zaV\ (5) ia qa zid JcasJcala-[^u] (6) Su- 
 a-ne-Tu{l) . . . {!) S%isa gin-^ni] (8) ti-ia qa zid 
 
 es d-gam zal (9) u esa-kam (10) Sur-^-har-hara mar-tu 
 (rev. 11) sa-sura-ho gin-na (12) as zid-se gur (13) gi qa 
 zal-gis (14) Se-li-hu-u'^ (15) jp^^de-si Sa-hu-W^^ 
 (16) Sa-hu-W^-su gin-ni. 
 
 (17) Iti Mu~[ho-du]. 
 
 (1) (Wanting.) (2) Sur-Enzu . . . (3) [gone to] Susa. 
 (4) 5 qa of meal, 1 me[asure of oil], (5) 5 qa of meal [for] 
 the road, (6) Su-aneru . . . , (7) gone to Susa. (8) 15 go- 
 of meal, 3 measures of oil (9) on the 3rd day, (10) Sur-e- 
 barbara the Amorite, (11) gone to the sahir. (12) 1 gur 
 of meal-grain, (13) 1 qa of sesame -oil, (14) Selibu^i^ 
 (15) viceroy of Sabu^, (16) gone to Sabu«i. 
 
 (17) Month Su-[mudu] (the 9th month). 
 
 Evidently Sabu^i was one of the Semitic states of 
 Babylonia, as not only its own name, but also that of its 
 viceroy, Selibu^i^, ‘'the fox,” testifies. 
 
DKINK, MEAL, AND OIL 
 
 93 
 
 80 (58). Month only. 
 
 Baked; 53*4 mm. high by 27*5 mm. wide; obverse fifteen, 
 reverse sixteen lines of very neat writing. Colour dark 
 greyish-yellow. 
 
 Obverse Reverse 
 
 A 
 
 (1) TJ-ia qa has gin lugal (2) ilima qa zid gu (3) li esa- 
 kam (4) In-handa sukkcd (5) omc hi~ha-e~ne gin-na 
 (6) ilima qa kas as qa zid gu (7) es d-gam zal u esa-kam 
 sag uru (8) as {guv) dida gin (9) ia qa zid kaskala-su 
 (10) ma-him sukkal (11) mu ha-hd gin-na (12) ia qa 
 kas lama qa zid (13) mina d-gam zal (14) dan-i-li 
 ra-gah (15) u u-har-ti ra-gah (rev. 16) Susa 
 gin-ni (17) ia qa kas es qa zid gu (18) gi d-gam zal mg uru 
 (19) as {guv) dida gin (20) ia qa zid kaskala-su (21) e-la- 
 ga-ra-ad dumu nu-tur (22) A-dam-dun^i-ht gin-ni 
 (23) u qa kas u qa zid gu (24) sussan qa zal gis (25) nim 
 hu-ni-bar-me (26) gir su-ila-tum ra-gah (27) es qa kas 
 mina qa zid gu (28) gi d-gam zal (29) m-ila-tu^^ ra-gah 
 (30) Sum^^-su gin-ni (31) Iti izin-d.J)iimu-zi. 
 
 15 qa oi royal standard drink, 9 qa of gu-m^A, day 3rd. 
 Brought in the name of the fishermen (b}^) Lu-banda, the 
 messenger. 9 qa of drink, 6 qa of ^i^-meal, 3 measures of 
 
 ^ ‘ilov su-Tia-hi. 
 
94 BABYLONIAN TABLETS OF BERENS COLLECTION 
 
 oil, day 3rd, within the city. 1 {gur) of standard herb- 
 drink (beer), 5 qa of meal, for the road (journey), Masu™ 
 the messenger — gone in the name of the fish-curer. 5 qa 
 of drink, 4 qa of meal, 2 measures of oil, Dan-ili the 
 rider and Ubarti the rider, brought from Susa. 5 qa of 
 drink, 3 qa of ^u-meal, 1 measure of oil within the 
 city ; 1 (gur) of standard herb-drink (and) 5 qa of meal 
 for the road, Ela-garad the son of the steward — taken 
 to Adamdun. 10 ga of drink, 10 ga of gu-meal, -J- of a qa 
 of sesame-oil, collection for (or of) the ^u-m-6ar-people, 
 agent ; Su-ilatu™ (or Su-elitu^n), the rider. 3 qa of drink, 
 2 qa of gu-meal, 1 measure of oil, Su-ilatu^i (§u-elitu“i), 
 the rider^ — taken to Susa. Month Izin-Dumu-zi (i.e. of 
 the Festival of Tammuz, corresponding with June- July). 
 
 The number of Semitic names which these tablets 
 referring to consignments of foodstuffs contain suggest 
 that the trade (if such it was) was largely in the hands of 
 the non-Sumerian population. 
 
 Ela-garad in line 21 is probably for Ela-qarad, “Ela the 
 warrior.” Ela may have been the name of some old hero- 
 god, but more light is needed. 
 
 For Su-ilatu“ or Su-Mitu^n, see No. 77 (pp. 89 and 90). 
 
 81 (59). Month and day only. 
 
 Baked ; 51'2 mm. high by 32 mm. wide ; obverse eleven 
 lines in eleven cases, reverse and edge eleven lines in nine 
 cases, with a space before the date. Writing good, but 
 lines 15 and 17-19 are slightly damaged. 
 
 (1) la qa has, ia qa gar (2) lama gin zal gis (3) sag 
 uru (4) as (gur) dida ia qa zid se (5) kashala - su 
 (6) Sur-(^-En4ilda lu gis-ku (7) Hu-hu-nu-ri^^-su gin-ni 
 (8) mina qa has mina qa gar (9) mina gin zal sag uru 
 (10) as (gur) dida ia qa zid se kaskala (11) ha-lul-lul lu 
 gis~ku (rev. 12) 8usa^^-su gin-ni (13) lama qa leas 
 lama qa gar (14) lama gin zal (15) [a]b-ba lu gis-ku 
 (16) lama qa has lama qa gar (17) lama gin zal 
 
DRINK, FOOD, AND OIL 
 
 95 
 
 (18) In gis-ku (19) In gis~kn ki al-la- 
 
 (20) mn-sn gin-na-me 
 
 (21) Iti amar-a-a~si (22) n nssa-ha~ni. 
 
 Obverse Reverse 
 
 5 qa of drink, 5 qa of food, 4 shekels of sesame-oil, 
 within the city ; 1 (gnr) of herb-drink (? beer), 5 qa of 
 meal of grain, for the road, Sur-Enlilla the retainer has 
 taken to Huhunuri. (8) 2 qa of drink, 2 qa of food, 
 2 shekels of oil within the city ; 1 (gnr) of herb-drink, 
 5 qa of meal of grain (for) the road, Balullul the retainer 
 has taken to Susa. (13) 4 qa of drink, 4 qa of food, 
 4 shekels of oil, Abba the retainer. (16) The same, Sur- 
 Gu-silim the retainer (and the other) retainer, have taken 
 to the place of Allamu. 
 
 Month Amar-aa-si (11th month), day 8th, morning. 
 
 In line 9 sag, “ within,” is written oyer the sign for 
 city, which the scribe had begun to write. The postposition 
 -sn is omitted at the end of line 10. 
 
 In line 15 the traces of the first character seem to be 
 those of ah, which the second character supports. The 
 first zal in line 17 is apparently erased. 
 
 The broken character in line 18 I have restored as 
 silim, but this is not quite certain. 
 
96 BABYLONIAN TABLETS OF BERENS COLLECTION 
 
 The plural verb in line 20 apparently agrees with two 
 subjects, the first in lines 15 and 19, and the second in 
 line 18. It is noteworthy that it is the place of a person 
 to which the produce was transported, and not to a town 
 or district. 
 
 For Iti Amar-aa-si, '' the month of the steer, father of 
 the horn,” see the Proceedings of the Society of Biblical 
 Archaeology, April, 1913, p. 127. It was the 11th month 
 of the year, corresponding with Sebat. 
 
 82 (60). Undated. 
 
 Unbaked ; 41 '6 mm. high by 40 mm. wide ; obverse five 
 lines of writing, reverse five again in four cases. State of 
 preservation excellent. Colour grey. 
 
 Obverse Reverse 
 
 (1) Dug-ga-mu-ra (2) na-a~ka (3) 4 engur-e-a-gur 
 (4) lugal-ner-gal (5) he - na - ah - sum - mu (rev. 6) Lu- 
 dingir-ra-gi (7) gud-e-a-a (8) Jci-ha ga-ra-a (9) ga-ar 
 (10) ma-an-g^i. 
 
 Duggamura and Naaka (3) 10 gur of tan (?) (to) Lugal- 
 nergal will give. Lu-dingirragi, (7) the ox-hide tanner (?) 
 has promised (?) to do the steeping (?). 
 
 Subject very doubtful. The rendering is based mainly 
 on line 7, where gud-e possibly means “ ox leather”. On 
 the other hand, engur-Sa occurs elsewhere as though it 
 were some kind of produce. 
 
DRINK, FOOD, AND OIL 
 
 97 
 
 83 (61). Day and iiiontli only. 
 
 About two-thirds of a tablet, imperfectly baked ; 
 37-5 inrn. high by 29 mm. wide. Obverse and edge 
 twelve, reverse ten lines of writing ; left-hand edge one 
 line. Beoinnino; and end of text wanting. 
 
 Obverse Reverse 
 
 Uft-hand Edge 
 
 (1) ia qa has seg es qa gar (2) Sic-es-dara (3) mina qa 
 has mina qa gar (4) mina gin zal (5) lugal-(^-Salam 
 
 (6) mina qa has, mina qa gar (7) mina gin zal (8) d-ne-ni 
 (9) mina qa has mina qa gar (10) mina gin zal mina 
 gin zal udu (11) Amel-kcdim In gis-hu (12) gu-la 
 (rev. 1) mina qa has mina qa gar (2) mina gin zal 
 (3) 8nr -d-Nin - his (4) mina qa has mina qa gar 
 
 (5) mina gin zal mina gin zal udu (6) ma-as ra-gah 
 
 (7) es qa has es qa gar (S) gi gin zal (9) nim lu sct(?)- 
 
 hu-u'^^ ni-hL'>n (10) mina qa [has] mina qa gar (11) 
 
 (edge) \u] dsa-ham, iti se-il-la. 
 
 5 qa of fine drink, 3 qa of food, Su-esdara ; (3) 2 qa 
 of drink, 2 qa of food, 2 shekels of oil, Lugal-Salam; 
 
 (6) 2 qa of drink, 2 qa of food, 2 shekels of oil, Aneni ; 
 (9) 2 get of drink, 2 qa of food, 2 shekels of oil, 2 shekels 
 of mutton-oil (dripping), Amel-salim, the chief retainer ; 
 
 7 
 
98 BABYLONIAN TABLETS OF BERENS COLLECTION 
 
 (rev. 1) 2 qa of drink, 2 qa of food, 2 shekels of oil, 
 Sur-Nin-kis ; (4) 2 qa of drink, 2 qa of food, 2 shekels of 
 oil, 2 shekels of mutton-oil. Mas, the rider ; (7) 3 qa of 
 drink, 3 qa of food, 1 shekel of oil, collected (by) the 
 Sabite Nilu™ (or Sallun^) ; (10) 2 qa of [drink], 2 qa of 
 food, . . . [day] 6th, month Se-illa (Adar). 
 
 As there are Semitic elements in the names, it is not 
 improbable that this list of consignments refers to the 
 Semitic state of Sabu, as line 9 of the reverse leads one to 
 suspect. In this case, 8ii-esdara might be rendered 
 ‘‘ Istar’s man ”, or the like. Lugal-Salam as Sarri-Salmu, 
 “ my king (is) Salmu,” and Stir-Nin-Jcis as Amel-Nin-his. 
 Mas may be the same name as Masu'^ in No. 80, line 10. 
 
 k' 
 
 The divine appellation Salmu in the name Sarri-Salmu is 
 Semitic, and was borrowed by the Sumerians under the 
 form of Salam. 
 
 84 (62). Month and day only. 
 
 Baked ; lower end wanting, three or four lines lacking 
 or imperfect in consequence; height 51 *5 mm., width 
 29*2 mm. ; obverse thirteen lines in ten cases, reverse 
 thirteen lines in eleven, left-hand edge one line. Colour 
 yellowish-grey. 
 
 Obverse Reverse 
 
DRINK, FOOD, AND OIL 
 
 99 
 
 2 qa of drink, 2 qa of food, 1 measure of oil within the 
 city ; 1 {gnr) of herb-drink (beer), 5 qa of food for the 
 road, Dungi-zi-mu, the retainer ; (7) 30 qa of drink, 30 qa 
 of royal food, 10 qa of sesame-oil, the collection (at) 
 Tahtahani, agent: Dungi-zi-mu, the retainer; (12) 2 qa 
 of drink, 2 qa of food, [1? measure of o]il within the city, 
 . . . (reverse) . . . the retainer, has taken to Susa ; 
 (4) 2 qa of drink, 2 qa of food, 1 measure of oil, Adata, the 
 retainer, has brought from Adamdun ; (8) 2 qa of drink, 
 2 qa of food, 1 measure of oil within the city, 1 {guv) of 
 herb-drink, 5 qa of food, Inda, the retainei', has taken to 
 Adamdun. 
 
 Month Gan-mas (Nisan), 30th day. 
 
 The text is somewhat carelessly written, hence the 
 strange form of sag, “within,” in line 2 of the obverse, the 
 omission of the food for the road in lines 3-4, and ^ for 
 (determinative suffix) at the end of line 9. The mu 
 of Dungi-zi~mu in line 10 having been partly obliterated 
 by the fifth line of the reverse, the scribe scratched it in 
 faintly in line 11. 
 
 85 (63). Day and month only. 
 
 Baked ; 54‘4 mm. high by 34 mm. wide ; obverse ends 
 of twelve lines of writing, reverse eleven lines in ten 
 cases, with a space between the ninth and tenth. Colour 
 reddish-grey. 
 
 (Lines 2 and 3) (So and so) has taken to . . . (4) 
 [2?] qa of drink, 2 qa of food, . . . [shekel(s)] of oil within 
 the city ; (6) . . . [go-] of herb-drink, 20 qa of meal of 
 corn for the road, (7) . . . -dur-mah has taken to the 
 nig-x] (8) [2? ga] of drink, 2 qa of food, (9) [2? shekejls 
 of sesame-oil, 2 shekels of oil of mutton (10) . . . the 
 chief retainer; (11) [5? q]a of drink, 5 qa of food, 
 (12) . . . [shekels] of oil, (rev. 13) . . .of (the city) 
 Dug-guba, (14) (and) . . . -bu-sallum the viceroy (pa^m); 
 (15) 2 qa of drink, 2 qa of food, (16) 2 shekels of oil. 
 
100 BABYLONIAN TABLETS OF BERENS COLLECTION 
 
 (17—18) d-Addu-bani has brouglit from Urn ; (19) 10 qa. 
 of food the king’s proctor (20) has brought to Kilaa ; 
 agent : Lu-bal-sagga. 
 
 O c50 
 
 (21) Taken on the 6th day, (22) month Se-illa (tlie 1st 
 montli). 
 
 Oh verse Reverse 
 
 Though imperfect, this inscription is important on 
 account of the name of the iiatesi in line 14, . . . -bu- 
 salluin. This may be the of No. 83, 
 
 reverse, line 9. In all probability he was i^atesi of the 
 city Dug-guba mentioned in line 13 of this present 
 inscription. 
 
 A Semitic personal name occurs in Addu-bani, ‘‘ Hadad 
 is mycreator,” in line 17. The reading of the city-name 
 here as Uru is somewhat doubtful, as this would have 
 caused confusion with the Uru at Muqeyyer, the ancient 
 Ur of the Chaldees. As, however, ^TttT is rendered by 
 uru = dhb, ‘" city,”^ it is possible that the pronunciation 
 was something similar, namely, U-uru or U-eri. 
 
 1 See Nos. 87, 1. 12 ; 92, 1. 10. 
 
CONCERNING HIRED MEN AND OXEN 
 
 101 
 
 86 (64). Day and month only. 
 
 Unbaked ; 86 mm. high by 33 mm. wide ; obverse five 
 lines of indistinct writing, reverse four lines in three cases. 
 Clay somewhat, soft. 
 
 Obverse Reverse 
 
 gild dim nimin qa gud hun(jyga{'^.) (4) sur-zilcum-ma 
 (5) ia kal {gurus) ^^diun-ga (rev. 6) a-sag igi-^-gistin- 
 ana- (7) -ha. 
 
 A 
 
 (8) U usu-lal-esa-ham (9) iti izin-^^-Ba-u. 
 
 1 grown ox of 40 qa, official: Lu-Ninsah(?) ; 1 grown 
 ox of 40 qa — a hired ox — Sur-zikum-ma ; 5 men — hired 
 workmen — in the field of Io;i-Gistin-ana. 
 
 Day 30th less 3, month Izin-Bau (the 9th month). 
 
 This text is one of a rather small class represented in 
 Reisner’s Tem^oelurkunden by five numbers only (88-92). 
 The oxen are described as being of 30, 40, or 50 qa, and 
 belonging, apparently, to the persons by whose names 
 they are accompanied. One is mentioned as “ the property 
 of Bau ”, another is an ox of the palace ”, and yet a third 
 “ an ox of Nannar”. Among the persons accompanying 
 them are Lu-Ninsah (No. 91, 5) and Sur-zikum-ma 
 (No. 89, 3). The fields referred to are asag e-hilli gida, 
 “ the held of the great new temple ” ; the dug-gala field ; 
 and a-sag zal zina, ‘‘the field of zina-oi\{'l).” One of 
 these is dated in the Uh month, that of the festival of 
 
102 BABYLONIAN TABLETS OF BERENS COLLECTION 
 
 Tammuz (September), another in tlie (Sth, that of the 
 festival of Dungi (October), and two otliers, like the 
 present text, in the ninth month, that of the festival of 
 Ban (November ). 
 
 In the present text the held where the oxen were is 
 described as that of the e 3 ’e (centre) of Gistin-ana, “ the 
 vine of heaven,” the mother of Tammnz. explained as 
 helii seri, '' t\\Q ladv of the held.” The next (No. 87) is 
 a text of a similar nature. 
 
 87 (65). Date lost. 
 
 Unbaked: 72 inm. hio-h bv 45 mm. wide, but originally 
 taller, a fracture having reduced the height, rendering 
 the beginning and the end imperfect, with considerable 
 damage to the last six lines preserved, which now number 
 thirteen on the obverse and twelve on the reverse. 
 Colour gre}’. 
 
 Ohcerse 
 
 lie verse 
 
CONCERNING OXEN 
 
 103 
 
 (1) . . . sag . . . (2) [cfi] gud gis Sur-^-Bumu-zi-da 
 (3) es n a-sag gud (cd) (4) lugal-ab-ba (5) es u a-ktg 
 gud (6) pa sur-Nin-gis-zi-da (7) a-sag lugala-su (8) gi 
 gud dim sur-mesi (9) gi gud dim nig-ga ^-Ba-u (10) gi 
 gud dim lugal siba (11) gi gud gis Lugal-an-ni (1) 
 (12) ia lu hun-ga tiru-ki (13) mina u pa sur-<^' Nin-gis- 
 zi-da (rev^ 14) es(?) u a-sag gud (15) pa Lugal-ab-ba 
 (16) a-sag pi-li-}ia{11) gi gud dim lugal-zag-gi-si (18) gi 
 gud dim sanga (19) mina u pa lugal-ab-\ba'\ (20) mina 
 u pa sur-\^-'\Nin-gis-zi-da (21) . . . a-ka sahar. 
 
 (22) . . . gud dim (23) . . . gud [gis('l) gud hun-ga ?] 
 (24) . . . gud (25) . . . hun-ga. 
 
 (1) . . . (2) [1 ?] full-grown ox, Sur-Dumu-zida, 
 (3) 3 days (in) the cattle-held,^ official : Lugal-abba ; 
 3 days (in) the cattle-held, (6) official : Sur-Nin-gis-zida, 
 for the king’s held ; 1 grown ox of Sur-mesi ; (9) 1 grown 
 ox, the property of the goddess Bau ; 1 grown ox of the 
 king of the herdsmen ; 1 full-grown ox of Lugal-anni ; 
 (12) 5 hired men of the city: (for) 2 daj^’s, official : Sur- 
 Nin-gis-zida (reverse) (for) 2(?) days (in) the cattle-held, 
 (15) official: Lugal-abba, held of piliha', 1 grown ox, 
 Lugal-zag-gi-si: (18) 1 grown ox, the priest, (for) 2 
 days, official : Lugal-ab[ba] ; (for) (2?) days, official : Sur- 
 Nin-gis-zida (21) . . . a(?)-ka mould (?). 
 
 (22) (So many-) grown oxen; (23) (so many ^) [full 
 grown and hired oxen ; (24) . . . oxen ; (25) (so many-) 
 [men ^], hired. 
 
 (At the end was apparently the date, day and month — 
 and perhaps the year.) 
 
 The name of Sur-Nin-gis-zida occurs under the form 
 of Sur-Nin-gis-zi in Reisner’s No. 90, rev. 7, and 
 Lugal-zag-gi-si occurs in his No. 88, line 7. 
 
 ^ The al here is apparently erased as an error. Perhaps the scribe 
 thought of writing “ field of adult oxen ”, but al, with that meaning, is 
 generally attached to lid, “ cow.” 
 
 - The numbers are broken awa}’. 
 
 ^ Broken aAvay — restored' from the context. 
 
104 BABYLONIAN TABLETS OF BERENS COLLECTION 
 
 88 (66). Date practically lost. 
 
 Baked ; 33 mm. high by 27 mm. wide ; obverse seven 
 lines of writino; in six cases, reverse and edo^e eifrht lines 
 in five cases, with a double line between the last two. 
 Well written but badl}" preserved, the cla}^ being soft and 
 crumbly, colour red. 
 
 Obverse Reverse 
 
 (1) U qa gar Siir-hi-gaijyYlam-ma'] (2) mina qa ad- 
 da (3) mina qa Knd-da (4-5) nis-lama qa diip-kir tnr- 
 tiira (6) ia qa mar-tn-sal (7) as qa sur-^-dar-[a] 
 (rev. 8) [gi] - duha (?) - nr (9-10) [e] - ia - azaga - zu In 
 gis-ku gib-la (11-12) g i-duba^iyur e-ndu-ada (13) gir 
 (i • Ba-u-al ( ?) i ( ? ?). 
 
 (14) Zi-ga it u-[L:am] (Id) . . . a . . . 
 
 10 qa of food Sur-su-galamma (?) ; 2 qa Adda ; (3) 2 qa 
 Kudda ; 24 qa the younger scribes ; (6) 5 qa tlie Amorite 
 woman (women); 6 qa Sur-e-da[ra] ; Gi-duba(?) - ur ; 
 
 A 
 
 (9-10) [E]-ta-azaga-zu, the chief retainer ; (11-12) Gi- 
 duba(?)-ur . . . ; agent: Bau-alti(?). 
 
 Taken away day 10th (?), [month] . . . 
 
 No. 78, which is a similar text, has the names of Adda 
 (1. 2), Kudda (3), Sur-e-dara (7), and Gi-duba(?)-ur. It 
 also mentions the vouno^er scribes (5) and the Amorite 
 woman (6). Tliougli apparently not stated, this inscription 
 probably referred to dogs and their caretakers. 
 
 From the similar texts in Reisner, Nos. 229 flf., birds 
 were included, perhaps falcons, likewise used for limiting. 
 
89. A LIST OF THE PROPERTY OF DA DU 
 
 105 
 
 89 (66a). A list of furniture, no date. 
 
 Baked: 15cm. high by 136mm. wide. Two columns 
 on each side, the first with twenty-seven lines of writing 
 in nineteen cases (a four-line space between lines 23 and 
 24) ; the second with twenty-three lines of writing in 
 twenty-one cases (a one-line space between lines 1 and 2 
 and 18 and 19 ; a two-line space between 2 and 3 and 6 
 and 7 ; a three-line space between lines 11 and 12) ; the 
 third (the right-hand of the reverse) with six lines of 
 writing (lower part blank) ; the fourth with four lines of 
 writing (upper part blank, a three-line space between 
 lines 2 and 3, and an eight-line space between lines 3 and 
 4). Colour yellowish-red. 
 
 (Col. I, 11. 1-2) Gi gis gu-za us gis-ku zabar gar-ra 
 (3) gi gis gu~za su~nigin ha-lu~up zabar gara (4-5) gi 
 gis gu~za us ha-lu-up zabar gara (6-7) mina gis gu-za 
 su-nigin lam zabar gara (8-9) es gis gu-za %ls mesi zabar 
 gar~ra (10) ia gis gu~za us mesi (11-12) nis-gi gis gu-za 
 su~nigin zabar gar-ra (13-14) es gis gu-za us zabar 
 gar-ra (15) lama gis gu-za us sag -gal (16) u gis gu-za 
 du-a (Id) gi gis gu-za bara (18-19) lama gis gu-za kes-da 
 lam S-ba-an (20-21) mina gis gu-za kes-da gis-hur S-ba-an 
 (22) gi gis gu-za mesi S-ba-an (23) gi gis gu-za al-zi-ra. 
 
 (24) Lama gis gir-sab ha-ho-up (25) mina gis gir-sab 
 (26) ia gis na mesi (27) gi gis na ildag (Col. II, I) u- 
 mina (?) gis na. 
 
 (2) Gi gis sag-erim-na. 
 
 (3) Gi gis hansur ha-lu-up (4)- u gis bansur lam 
 (5) mina gis bansur (Q) gi gis du lia-lal. 
 
 (7-8) Mina gis ma - al-tu'^^^ ha -hi -up zabar gar-ra 
 (9) lama gis ma-ahtti'>'^ ha-lu-up tur (10) gi gis ma-al- 
 hi'>^ mesi tur (11) ussa gis Qna-al-tu'^^ tur. 
 
 (12-13) Gi gis kir a-du ha -hi -tip zabar gar-ra 
 (14) mina gis ku id qa-la ha-hi-up (15) mina gis ku id 
 qa-la mesi (16) mina gis an-za-am lam (17) mina gis 
 an-za-am mesi (18) mina gis gti-hil sag-ga. 
 
106 BABYLONIAN TABLETS OF BERENS COLLECTION 
 
 (19) Gi gis sug (20) mina gis ha-an ia qa (21) gi gU 
 gar mina qa (22) gi gis da-ag-si mesi e ha-an (23) gi gis 
 da-ag-si gis-linr e ha-an. 
 
 Obverse 
 
 
 Trrr 
 
 
 
 
 
 — 1® — 
 
 
 ,1 
 
 
 
 ^ 1 
 
 
 r“^T^ 
 
 
 
 Reverse 
 
 (Col. I, 1. 1) Gi gis mnd gis-rin ha-hi-np (2) gi gis 
 sa-hil-ttv>^^ (3) gi gis gan na-ah-ha-tion (4) gi gis-rin 
 (5) gi gis lum-ma-a (6) ia gis sag-gnl gi-sir. 
 
89. THE PROPERTY OF DADU 
 
 107 
 
 (Col. II, 1. I) Gi na as giin-na (2) gi na u ma-na. 
 
 (3) Gi na u gin. 
 
 (4) Nig-ga da-clu. 
 
 A translation of %vliat is certain, and an attempted 
 
 translation of the rest 
 
 (1-2) 1 backed cliair made of urlmrinnn~\\'oodi and 
 bronze ; (3) I canopied (?) chair made of halwp-woodi and 
 bronze ; (4-5) 1 backed chair made of halnp-wood 
 and bronze; (6-7) 2 canopied (?) chairs made of myrtle 
 and bronze ; (8-9) 3 backed chairs made of palm- 
 wood and bronze ; (10) 5 backed chairs of palm- wood ; 
 (11-12) 21 canopied (?) chairs made with bronze ; (13-14) 
 3 backed chairs made with bronze ; (15) 4 backed chairs 
 of saggul-vfood (16) 10 carved (?) chairs; (17) 1 chair 
 (with) a slirine (?) ; (18-19) 4 chairs constructed of myrtle- 
 wood (?) (and) inlaid (?) ; (20-21) 2 cliairs constructed (?) 
 of vine-wood (?) (and) in]aid(?) ; (22) 1 chair of palm-wood, 
 inlaid ; (23) 1 chair al-zi-ra. 
 
 (24) 4 foot-rests of halnp-v^^ood ; (25) 2 foot-rests ; 
 (26) 5 couches of palm (?)-wood; (27) 1 couch of iltag('l)- 
 wood ; (col. II, 1) 11 couches. 
 
 (2) 1 canopy (?) of a couch. 
 
 (3) 1 table of halup-\YOod ; (4) 10 tables of myrtle (?) ; 
 
 (5) 2 tables; (6) 1 Aa^a^-standard. 
 
 (7) 2 beds made with hcdug)-wood and bronze ; 
 (9) 4 small sofas of halup-wood; (10) 1 small sofa of 
 palm-wood; (11) 8 small sofas. 
 
 (12) 1 receptacle made of halup-Yvood (and) bronze ; 
 (14) 2 implements for watering, of halup>~\vood ; (15) 
 2 implements for watering, of palm- wood ; (16) 2 ansam 
 of myrtle-wood; (17) 2 ansam of palm (?)- wood ; (18) 
 2 wooden polling-dishes. 
 
 (19) 1 wooden water-receptacle ; (20) 2 measures of 
 5 qa\ (21) 1 wooden dish of 2 ga; (22) 1 daksi of palm- 
 wood, inlaid (?) ; (23) 1 daksi of vine-wood (?), inlaid (?). 
 
108 BABYLOXIAX TABLETS OF BEREX8 COLLECTIOX 
 
 Iteveme 
 
 Reverse 
 
 (Col. Ill, 1. 1) 1 beam (?) of a balance (?) of lialiij)- 
 wood ; (2) 1 case ; (3) 1 quiver ; (4) 1 balance ; 
 
 (5) 1 shrine-barrow (?) ; (6) 5 flute-cases (?). 
 
 (Col. IV, 1. I) I weight of I talent; (2) I Aveight of 
 10 inana, (3) I weight of 10 shekels. 
 
 (4) The property of Dadu. 
 
 From the general appearance of the list, it would seem 
 to o^ive the stock-in-trade of a maker of and dealer in 
 
89. THE PROPERTY OF DADU 
 
 109 
 
 furniture. Whether Dadu made a speciality of temple- 
 furniture is doubtful ; it seems more likely that he supplied 
 what was needed in the palace. 
 
 The 
 
 TY gis gu~za vJ in line 1 is not im- 
 
 probably the kussu nemidib upon which Sennacherib is 
 represented as sitting when “ the spoil of Lachish passed 
 before him ”. In this, as in all the other cases where 
 bronze is referred to, the metal was used for the fittings 
 and the legs of the chair. In the lists of royal furniture 
 published so well by M. Thureau-Dangin in his Rectieil 
 de Tahlettes Ghaldeennes, pi. Ixxxix, No. 227, a couch 
 with ox’s hoofs na umhin gud) is referred to. 
 
 Furniture with lion’s and bull’s paws and hoofs are found 
 represented on the sculptures, and remains of them exist 
 in our museums. 
 
 hb-nigin, in line 3, etc., would seem to indicate 
 “ an enclosure ”, i.e. a chair with some kind of canopy. 
 The shrine-chair mentioned in line 17 was probably more 
 suited for religious purposes. 
 
 In a country possessing so few trees as Babylonia, all, 
 or almost all, the wood must have been imported. The 
 different kinds of wood used in the making of these 
 articles of furniture, especially the chairs, are probably 
 given in the order of their value. Urkarinnu (1. I) 
 has been compared by Dr. C. J. Ball with the Syr. 
 
 and translated “box”. For halup (Semitic form 
 huluppu) 1 believe no identification has been proposed. 
 The rendering of lam as “ myrtle ” is based upon the 
 Semitic rendering am, which has this meaning. Mesi is 
 here rendered “ palm ” because of the mesmakanna or 
 musukannu, i.e. “ the mem-tree of Makan ”, which is 
 ' generally so translated. The sag-kal is Semiticized as 
 sakkullw^, but for this also it is difficult to find an 
 identification. The meaning of the characters of which 
 the word is composed is “ heartstrong ”, and this, if in 
 any way an indication of the kind of wood, might 
 
110 BABYLONIAN* TABLETS OF BERENS COLLECTION 
 
 point to the oak. The gis-kin, Semiticized as kiskanu, 
 and mentioned as being white, black, and grey — kisJcanu 
 yisu salmi, sdmi {W.A.I., ii, 44, 52-5) — was the tree of 
 
 A 
 
 Eridu, the centre of the Babylonian Paradise. In the list 
 of trees quoted {W.A.I., ii, 44) the vines proper follow, 
 so that the kiskanu was to all appearance something 
 different. 
 
 The foot-rest (I, 24, 25) is a compound word as in 
 English. The Semitic form is kirsajgyu, possibly from 
 the Sumerian girsap, though gir-guh might be regarded 
 by many as preferable. In line 27 it seems probable that 
 the last character may be one of those which have 
 developed into Bab^donian form of 
 
 being its identification with the form in the 
 
 text seems doubtful. Nevertheless, two widely differing 
 forms may hav^e existed side by side. 
 
 Col. II, line 2. As sag means “ head ”, the probable 
 rendering of sag-erim here is “ head-screen ”, or the like. 
 
 As religious emblems, in the form of standards, etc., 
 were often used at religious feast-rites, the meaning of 
 Semitic sikkatu, is here assumed to be standard ”. 
 Holal probably indicates its special form. 
 
 Col. II, lines 7 ff. Mdltn'^^ or Maaltn'^^^ is the usual 
 Semitic word for bed or divan, hence the rendering here 
 adopted. 
 
 Col. II, lines 12-13. ^ = Assyr. = kiru 
 
 here stands for some kind of receptacle, a-dn, “ water- 
 sprinkling ” (possibly). In lines 14 and 15 gis-ku id 
 gala is taken to mean “ implement stream -apportioning ”, 
 or the like. For ansam in lines 16, 17, cf. the following : — 
 
 an - sa - am as - 
 
 an - m - am - hi suk - ha - 
 
 nig-ln-gisgal-lu mu-sar {^ do. 
 a - nak anaq - qu do. 
 
 a - nak - mah anaq - mah - hiv do. ka~ra-[ni]. 
 
90. ABOUT GARMENTS 
 
 111 
 
 As the anak and anak-mah are certainly receptacles 
 for libations, and partly synonymous with ansam-hi, 
 which occurs in the preceding line, it is certain that 
 9^^ anmm is also an object of the same class. From the 
 first line of the extract above it seems likely that the 
 Semitic form of the word was assamu, and derived from 
 anmm. The rendering of gubil-sagga in line 18 as 
 ‘‘ polling-dish ” is based on the second element, which 
 means “ head ”. 
 
 The nature of the daksi (11. 22, 23) is uncertain. 
 Possibly si is here ‘‘ horn ”, in which case it would stand 
 for a vessel with “ horns ” or handles. 
 
 (Rev., col. III). The nature of these objects is apparently 
 indicated by the third line, in which nahhatu'^^ means 
 “ quiver ”. In line 6 gi-sir, “ reed of blowing,” may 
 indicate something composed of several pipes, in which 
 some kind of mouth-organ (pandean pipes) may be 
 intended. 
 
 Whether the name of the owner, Dadu, be the same as 
 Dadu (David) or not, I leave undecided, but from its form 
 it might easily be Semitic. 
 
 90 (126). Date lost. 
 
 Imperfectly baked ; 85'5 mm. high by 32 mm. wide ; 
 obverse five lines in three cases, reverse seven lines in five 
 cases. The edge below has traces of two lines. 
 
 Oh verse H e verse 
 
112 BABYLONIAN TABLETS OF BERENS COLLECTION 
 
 This tablet was in a bad condition when copied, one 
 cliaracter of the third, fourth, and fifth lines being 
 damaged, portions of lines 6 and 7 broken away (upper 
 right-hand corner of the reverse), and the date (two lines) 
 wanting except a portion of the final character. The clay 
 has since quite disintegrated, and the object cannot be 
 moved from its bed of wadding without danger of total 
 destruction. Revision was therefore impossible. 
 
 (1) Gi (or gi sus) tug ig-lama (2) lugala ; (3) gi tug ig 
 a lugala (4) ki-lala-bi nis-gi ^uMan ma- (5) -na ds(?) 
 [gi^n. (6) Imina . . . (7) ki-lala-hi lisu-gi . . . [via-] 
 (8) -na u-ia gin. (9) Tug ki-lal tag-[ga]. (10) Pet Kud- 
 du. (11)' Iti gud-du-ne-viu- (12) -viu. (13) [Mu . . . 
 (14) . . . haj-h]ula. 
 
 1 royal lavikuMu-gm'mQni, 1 royal . . . -garment, 
 their weight 21^ mana 6 shekels. 1 , their weight 
 
 31 . . mana 15 shekels. The cloth has been weighed. 
 Official : Kuddu. Month Guddu - nemumu, [year the king 
 ravajged. . . . 
 
 Texts referring to cloth and garments will be found 
 in the Avikerst Tablets, vol. i, pp. 25, 174, 184. The 
 completion of the name of the garment in line 3 is 
 doubtful, as the space seems to be insufficient for a very 
 wide character. The name mentioned in connexion with 
 these memoranda in line 10 is noteworthy, as Kuddu 
 apparently comes from kud, “ to cut,” and would be the 
 ancient Sumerian equivalent of tailor — tailleur. This 
 form is rare, Kudda being that generally found. 
 
 91 (135). Undated. 
 
 Unbaked ; 43‘7 mm. high by 30 mm. wide ; obverse 
 eleven lines of writing ; reverse and edge fifteen lines in 
 fourteen cases. Colour grey. 
 
 (1) Es qa gar sag u[ru], (2) ia qa kaskala-su (3) Sur- 
 sag-ga sukkal. (4) Es qa sag uru, (5) ia qa kaskala-su, 
 (6) Nu-ur-i-li sukkal. (7) A-dam-dunat^^-su gin-ni. 
 
91. CONSIGNMENTS OF FOOD 
 
 113 
 
 (8) Es qa sag uru, (9) ia qa [kaskal]a-su, (10) Za-na-ti 
 sukkal. (11) Susa^^-su gin-m. (rev. 12) As qa %b esa- 
 kam (13) (^-Lama l^rim (14) zi-lum-e sag-gan-ne 
 (15) gin-na. (16) Es qa sag uru, (17) ia qa kaskala-hi 
 (18) A-hu-a sukkal. (19) Susa^^-su gin-ni. (20) Es qa 
 Sur-mesi, nar lug ala. (21) Susa^^-ta gin-ni. (22) Es qa 
 Da-da-a sukkal. (23) u qa ... , (24) giv Da-da-[a\ 
 (25) Sukt^^-tOy gi[n-ni]. (26) Iti Izin-Dumu-zi. 
 
 Obverse 
 
 Reverse 
 
 3 qa of food within the city, 5 qa for the road : Sur- 
 .sagga, messenger. 3 qa within the city, 5 qa for the road, 
 Nhr-ili, messenger. Taken to Adamdun. 3 qa within the 
 city, 5 qa for the road ; Zanati, messenger. Taken to 
 Susa. 6 qa the third day, protection of the courier, going 
 with the escort (?). 3 qa within the city, 5 qa for the 
 
 road, Ahua, messenger. Taken to Susa. 3 qa, Sur-mesi, 
 the king’s singer. Brought from Susa. 3 qa, Dadaa, the 
 messenger. 10 get of meal (?), agent : Dada[a]. Brought 
 from Susa. Month Izin-Dumuzi. 
 
 92 (145). No date. 
 
 Unbaked ; 46 mm. high by 30 mm. wide ; obverse ten 
 lines of writing in nine cases, reverse five lines in five 
 cases, with a broad blank space between lines 3 and 4. 
 
 8 
 
114 
 
 FOODSTUFFS FROM SUSA, SABU^, ETC. 
 
 Obverse 
 
 
 iY 
 
 Beverse 
 
 (1) Gi d-gam zal-gis. (2) A-hu-a dumiv nu-handa. 
 (3) A-dam-duna^^-ki gin-ni. (4) Mina d-gam zal u 
 gia-kam (5) La-ra-am-e-a gin- (6) -us-gala. (7) iSukfM- 
 ta gin-ni. (8) Mina d-gam zal n mina-kam, (9) A-hu-a 
 sukkal. (10) U-uru (?)-a^^’-su gin-ui. (11) Gi d-gam 
 zal, (12) A-gu-a rim. (13) Sa-hu-um^^^-ta gin-ni. 
 
 (14) Zi-ga (15) iti 8e-gur-kud. 
 
 1 measure of sesame - oil, Ahua, the son of the 
 superintendent. Taken to Adamdun. 2 measures of oil 
 the first day, Lara-ame, the chief proctor. Brought from 
 Susa. 2 measures of oil the second day, Ahua, the 
 messenger. Taken to Uru(?)a. 1 measure of oil, Agua, 
 the courier. Brought from Sabum. 
 
 y/ 
 
 Transport of the month Se-gur-kud (Adar). 
 
 Other texts of a similar nature are Nos. 15, 16, 17, 42, 
 49, 77, 79, 80, 81, 83, 84, 85, 91. 
 
 Ahua (11. 2 and 9) is apparently Semitic my 
 brother”). One of the persons bearing it belonged to 
 Adamdun and the other to Urua. Agua of Sabu (1. 12) 
 is likewise possibly Semitic (“ my crown ”) ; but Lara-ame 
 of Susa apparently has a Sumerian name (?“he has 
 grown to fatness,” fulness,” or the like). Babel, 
 ‘‘ confusion,” was not confined merely to the city Bdbili 
 or Babylon. 
 
93. ABOUT WORKMEN. 94. A RECEIPT OF SILVER 115 
 
 ‘ 93 (156). No date. 
 
 Unbaked ; 34*5 mm. high by 31 '5 mm. wide, obverse 
 four lines of writing in three cases ; reverse blank. 
 Colour grey. 
 
 (1) Es sus eS guru^ (2) ii gia-hi (3) d Gid-gi-a, 
 (4) d Da-da. 
 
 183 men for one day. Wage of Gulgia ; wage of Dada. 
 
 Apparently a memorandum from which the workmen’s 
 lists were compiled. The men seem to have been the 
 slaves of Gulgia and Dada, who, as their owners, received 
 their earnings. 
 
 A Dada is mentioned in Reisner’s No. 152, ii, 18, etc. 
 The pay was apparently due from him and from Gulgia. 
 
 94 (166). Samsu-iluna, 3rd date. 
 
 Baked ; 39 mm. high by 35’5 mm. wide ; obverse five, 
 edge two, reverse four, edge two lines of lightly impressed 
 and somewhat damaged writing. A space between the 
 third and fourth lines (text and date) on the reverse. 
 
 (I) Simu hamhi mislu Hqil Jcaspi (2) sa aEpi tdmti 
 (A-AB-BA) (3) nam-ha-ar-ti ib-ni-<^'Addu (4) P(^EA3I- 
 lA (5) itti a-na-^- Ea-ta-ki-il (6) P^Amurrd (7) husu 
 d’ Samas-d- Siduli (8) P^^dam-kar (9) gir 
 gal-ilu-7na(l) (10) ba-lah um-ma-ni-ia (?). 
 
 (II) Warah Abi, nmn{-mu) hamisseru (12) sattu ndr 
 Sa-am-siv (13) na-ga-ab-nu-idi-H. 
 
116 BABYLONIAN TABLETS OF BERENS COLLECTION 
 
 Obverse Reverse 
 
 The inscription irvitten in late Babylonian 
 
 '”' ^ ^ 
 
 Since copying this inscription the tablet has partly 
 fallen to pieces, but all the principal fragments have been 
 joined again. 
 
 A sum of 5i shekels of silver for the water-inao^ian ; 
 
 -< o ^ ' 
 
 receipt of Ibni-Addu, the fifthing-official, from Ana-Ea- 
 takil, the Amorite. 
 
 Property of Samas-Sululi, the agent ; certifier : Nerigal- 
 ilu-ma (?). Respect of Ummania (or “of my people”). 
 
 Month Ab, day 15th, year of the canal Samsu(-iluna)- 
 nagab-nuhsi. 
 
 This text is similar to the next ; and another, apparently 
 of the same nature, and referring to a “ sum ” or 
 payment, is Tell-Sifr No. B 83 (Strassmaier, Warka 55). 
 This, too, refers to a tdmtii or “sea” (A-AR-RA), and 
 
95. PAYMENT FOR A SLAVE. 
 
 117 
 
 mentions an official called P<^nam-ya — not ‘‘ tithing-man 
 but “ fiving-man ”. Naturally uncertain. The following 
 is an attempted rendering of this longer inscription : — 
 
 Sim suluppu The payment (for) the water- 
 
 reservoir, dates, garlic, kindu, 
 and sesame, for the palace, to 
 the market of Larsa, Iriba^- 
 Sin, son of Ubar-Sin, and his 
 
 sumu kindu u samas- 
 same ekallu'>^ ana 
 kar Larsa'^ iddinic^ 
 Iriba'>^ - ^-Sin mar 
 uhar - ^-Sin u dhe-m 
 itti nidin - istar 
 NAM-IA u Sili-istar 
 tahhu-sunu makru lib- 
 ba-sunu tdb. 
 
 brothers, have given. From 
 
 Nidin - Istar the living 
 official and Sili - Istar their 
 companions it has been received. 
 They are content. 
 
 (Here follow the names of seven or eight witnesses 
 and the date. The document is impressed with the seals 
 of several of the witnesses.) 
 
 In the absence of more precise indications, the real 
 purport of these inscriptions is not altogether clear, 
 especially in the case of the Berens tablet, which is far 
 from beino; well written. That it was some kind of 
 contract is implied by the words they are content ”, but 
 it seems equally certain tliat the silver in the one case, 
 or tlie provisions in the other, were supplied for some 
 department of the temple — at Sippar and at Larsa 
 respectively. 
 
 95 (205). Samsu-iluna, 3rd year. 
 
 Baked inner tablet ; 54'5 mm. high by 40'5 mm. wide ; 
 obverse seven, edge one, reverse six, and edge below that 
 one, total fifteen lines of shallow and in some cases roua-h 
 writing. In a space between the third and fourtli lines 
 of the reverse are faint impressions of a cylinder-seal. 
 Colour greyish-yellow ochre. 
 
 (I) Esrit siqil kaspi (2) Hm A-ab-ba-ha (3) nam-ha- 
 ar-ti (4) '^^Ib-ni-ihv P^nam-ia (5) bnhi ^-Samas-Sididi 
 . . . {Q) P^dam-qar umu . . . {^)u {!) a-na-Ea-ta-\ki-iV] 
 

 118 BABYLONIAN TABLETS OF BERKNS COLLECTION 
 
 (9) GIR : Mdr-er-ri-thu (10) d A-hil- 
 ^-Samas (11) mare I-ha-tum. 
 
 Obverse Reverse 
 
 ( Seal- impress ions) 
 
 (12) Warah Eluli, limn esrct (13) imi Sa-am-su-i-lu-na 
 Ingal-e (14) id Sa-am-sn-\i-lu']-na (15) na-ga-ah-nn- 
 n\]i-^si. 
 
 Ten shekels of silver, the price of Aabhaha, in the 
 presence of Ibni-iln, the living official, the property of 
 
 ■7/ 
 
 Samas-Siilnli . . . , the agent, for (?) the . . . clay (?), 
 Ana-Ea-ta[kiil] the Amorite. Certifier ; ^lar-ersitiin, 
 and Abil-Samas, sons of Ibatinn. 
 
 Month Elul, day 20th,3"ear (after that in which) Samsu- 
 iluna the king (dug) the canal Sainsu-ilnna-naqab nuhsi. 
 
 The text is of a similar nature to the preceding, 
 which see. 
 
 The seal-impression shows a bearded and long-robed 
 figure advancing to the right, and bearing, to all appearance, 
 a lamb as an offering to the deitv. There is no name, 
 and apparently no attempt has been made to impress 
 an}' other figures which may have been on the cylinder. 
 
96. WORK OF REAPERS 
 
 119 
 
 Fragments only of the envelope are preserved, giving 
 the remains of lines 10— 1 -I. There are no variants. The 
 lower edge (below the reverse) has traces (though very 
 meagre) of the design on the c^dinder-seal and fragments 
 of the inscription. A character like ni, suggests 
 
 that the name thereon was that of Ibni-ilu. Similar 
 traces are to be seen by the (lower left) of the 
 
 reverse, and and other traces above the imi, of 
 the date. 
 
 96 (196). Samsu-iluna, 6th 3’ear. 
 
 Baked; 44 mm. high by 42‘5 mm. wide; obverse four, 
 edofe one, reverse four, edge below two lines of writing. 
 There is a space between the text and the date (the 
 second and third lines of the reverse), and roughly-drawn 
 vertical lines on both sides indicate cancelling. 
 
 (1) Esten-esrit itmmane e.^ide (2) husu E-tel-hi- 
 ^^■Da-gan (3) umu salisserit sinijxit il-mi (4) i~na eqli bilta 
 (5)m ^•]\[arduk-na-si-ir (6) i-^i-dii Mu~u~hi~is e<t-na-^ir. 
 
 (7) Warali Ayari umu istenemm (8) mu Sa-am-su-i- 
 Ju~iia lugal (9) alam gu-hil ^^ Lama kuski hala-hi. 
 
 A 
 
 11 men, reapers, the pi-operty of Etel-pi-Dagan, day 13, 
 f of a day, cut, in the field, a talent (of corn) for Marduk- 
 nasir. Director, Ea-nasir. 
 
 Month I war, dav 11th, vear Samsu-iluna the king 
 (set) on each side an adoring statue of a Lama (genius). 
 
 This is a record of reaping done by the slaves or 
 servants of some well-to-do person, in this case Etel-pi- 
 Dagan. As no remuneration is mentioned, it mav be 
 supposed that none was paid. This is probabh^ explained 
 by the C3dinder-seal imperfecth’ impressed on the surface, 
 which reads as follows : — 
 
 ^^■Mariuhik- . . . Merodach- . . . 
 
 mar son of Tillanu^i, 
 
 U'arad Sa-am-su-i-ht-iia servant of Samsu-iluna. 
 
 As Samsu-iluna, in this inscription, occupies the place 
 of the deitv usuallv found, it would seem that he had 
 
120 BABYLONIAN TABLETS OF BERENS COLLECTION 
 
 been already, in his sixth year, deified, and it may be 
 supposed that the person whose name the cylinder bore> 
 Merodach- . . . had sometliing to do with the divine 
 king’s worship. The reaping was therefore probably 
 done for the temple or chapel where the worship was 
 carried on. 
 
 The date is an abbreviation of a much longer one, not 
 yet completely made out. The statutes of the Lama 
 
 A 
 
 (Semitic Lamassu), however, were placed in E-babbar 
 
 ^ Possibl}^ the Marduk-nasir of line 5. 
 
97. DELIVERIES OF FOOD AND PROVENDER 121 
 
 (at Sippara) before the sun-god, and in E-sagila (at 
 Babylon) before Merodach. 
 
 97 (14c). Samsu-iluna, 7th year. 
 
 Unbaked ; 29'5 ram. square ; obverse four mutilated 
 lines of writing, reverse (lower part) three lines. 
 Colour grey. 
 
 Obverse Reverse 
 
 A 
 
 (1) U-ia qa gar, (2) u qa sa e- . . . -sig, (3) u qa 
 ki-mt-um, (4) ussa qa ansu-hi-a 
 
 (5) Iti Du-azaga u u-lama~kam, (6) mu gis~ku su-nir 
 ig-hahharra guski{'l) (7) me-te 4-e-gi. 
 
 15 qa oi food, 10 qa for . . . , 10 ga Kinu^q 8 qa 
 the asses. 
 
 Month Tisri, day 14th, year of the bright-shining 
 emblem of gold and silver, the adornment of the temple. 
 
 The full text of this date is published in the Quarterly 
 Statement of the Palestine Exploration Fund, July, 1900, 
 p. 271, and reads as follows : — 
 
 Mu Samsu-iluna, lugale, gis-ku su-nir ig-hahhara 
 guski-kubahbara mete ^egi Amar-udukura a-munasub, 
 
 A 
 
 E-sagila mul-ana-kime mininmulld. 
 
 “ Year Samsu-iluna, the king, dedicated a bright- 
 shining emblem of gold and silver, an adornment for the 
 temple, to* Merodach, and made E-sagila to shine like 
 the stars of heaven.” 
 
 E-sagila was the name of the temple of Belus at 
 Babylon. 
 
122 BABYLONIAN TABLETS OF BERENS COLLECTION 
 
 98 (13c). Year uncertain. 
 
 A very small baked clay tablet, 19 mm. high by 
 19'5 mm. wide. Obverse four, reverse two lines of 
 writing. Text, of obverse much damaged. Clay friable. 
 Colour dark-grey and reddish-yellow. 
 
 Obverse Reverse 
 
 (1) tf-mina qa se (2) im(?) . . . mun(J)-hi-a (= tdhciti ?) 
 (3) . . . a-na (4) . . . (rev. 5) Ifi An-a it u-lama-Jcam 
 (6) mil Im-guT-^- Diin-gi^K 
 
 12 qa of grain, . . . salt(?) . . . to . . . 
 
 Month Asa (Tebet), day 14th, year of Imgur-Dungi. 
 
 The date probably commemorates the taking of the 
 city named, during or about the time of the dynasty of 
 Babylon. 
 
 99 (17?>). Dynasty of Babylon. 
 
 Baked; 73*5 mm. higlr bv 46‘5 mm. wide: obverse 
 eleven lines of writing, edge one line, reverse one line, 
 part of a second, and the last character of a' third, the 
 remainder of the text beino* broken awav. Characters 
 bold and well written. Colour chano-inp: from vellow-oTev 
 to black at the right-hand edge. 
 
 (1) A-noy Sin-is-me-a-iii (2) Jd-he-ma (3) um-ma 
 8in-[ma]. (4) (^-Samas u f^AIaruduk li-ha- 
 
 al-lli-tu-ka]. (5) As-sum hi-it ^^^U-har-^^-Zu-un 
 (6) Bi-tum m-it ya-u-um (7) A-lia-ti i-na li-hi-su 
 wa-as-h[a-at]. (8) ki-hi-ma hi-hi-il-ta-su (9) li-te-ru- 
 sum la ih-ha-ha-al (10) u as-sum hi-tim sa('l)-a(''^)-ti 
 (11) i-zi -iz-ma Jd-ba (12) id(J)-bu-uh 
 
 (13) ma-ti-ma{l^) . . . -va{'l)-am-ma is- . . . -at 
 
 (15) . . . -1mm . . . 
 
99. LETTER FROM STN-ISMEANI 
 
 123 
 
 Obverse 
 
 To Sin-isineaiii say tlien thus : “ It is Rabut-Siii.” May 
 Samas and Merodacli preserve tliee. Concerning the 
 house of Ubar-Zun (?), that house is mine — my sister 
 dwells therein. Say then : let him take its rent, let it 
 not be forgotten (?). And as for that house, sta}^ (or, 
 stand up) and say : He has . . . , he has said (spoken). 
 (If) at a future time he sends and . . . thee . . . 
 
 (The remainder is wanting.) 
 
 The above rendering is necessarily provisional. 
 
 100 (186). No date. 
 
 Unbaked; 78*5 mm. high by 43 mm. wide; obverse 
 thirteen lines of writing in eleven cases, reverse ten lines 
 
124 BABYLONIAN TABLETS OF BERENS COLLECTION 
 
 in seven cases. Between the nintli and tenth lines is 
 a blank space, and beneath the last line one or two 
 numerals are jotted. 
 
 Obverse 
 
 (1-2) 18 guv 226 qa of royal [grain ?],(3) the road-cutter ; 
 (4) 15 gur 80 qa, (5) Nara-mu ; (6) 7 guv 120 qa the 
 road-cutter, (7) Sur-Negun; (8) 8 gur 105 qa the road- 
 cutter, (9) Sur-Si-anna ; (10) 33 gur 195 qa, (11) the 
 road-cutter; (12) 5 gur 275 qa, (13) the excavators; 
 (rev. 14) . . . gur 60 qa, the road-cutters; (15-16) . . . 
 the ... s of E(?)-nam(?)-mah (??) ; (17) 11 90 ga . . . ; 
 
 (18) . . . sesame (?) . . . ^ (19) 5 gur 150 qa the wages 
 of the workman, (20) excavating (?) ^ (21-22) . . . the 
 bank of the herdsmen and the royal (?)... 
 
 (23) Total: 12 gur 90 qa. (24) 15 . . . (25) 2 gvA^ 
 20 . . . 
 
 ^ Or : “ . . . gur 60 qa of grain, the ...” 
 
 ^ Lines 19-20 : niS lama mina sus usii gur d ^^dmn-ga al-ki-e . . . -ud. 
 
100. WAGES IN KIND. 101. DELIVEPdES OF GRAIN 125 
 
 Reverse 
 
 The rendering '' road-cutter ” for tara-galla is uncertain, 
 notwithstanding that tara, with the pronunciation of 
 sila, means ‘‘road”, “pathway”, or the like. Tara-galla 
 may mean simply “ the cutting-opener ”, referring to 
 the numerous water-channels which the cultivation of 
 the country required. In the Amherst Tablets, Xo. 24, the 
 group for water-channel cutters is ahal-dua-tar, “ water- 
 hoist-making-cutter,” or the like. 
 
 101 (215). Xo date. 
 
 Unbaked ; 58*5 mm. high by 45 '5 mm. wide ; obverse 
 ten lines of writing, reverse four. The lower part of the 
 left-hand edge of the obverse, and much of the left-hand 
 side of the reverse, is damaged and illegible. Colour grey. 
 
 (1) 100 qa of grain Yawau^^i-ilu (2) 150 qa. of grain 
 Yawau«i-ilu ; (3) 100 qa Abu^^-edlu ; 100 qa Taninia . . . ; 
 (5) 100 qa Bilah-Enlil ; (6) 100 qa Ahu-banu^^ ; (7) 100 qa 
 
126 BABYLONIAN TABLETS OF BEBENS COLLECTION 
 
 Ubarru™ ; (8) 150 qa Amiiiu™ ; (9) 150 qa Sin-abui^ ; 
 (10) 150 qa Yaru^i^ ; (rev. 11) [150 qa'] Nur-abuni ; (12) 
 [150 qa G]i(?)mil-istar ; (13) [150 qa] E(?)imia. 
 
 [Total :] (5) (?) giir 150 qa. 
 
 Obverse Heverse 
 
 Complete, at the beginning of lines 8-11 : ^ , as in 
 
 line 2. 
 
 The completion of line 12 would seem to be } 
 
 <’5=T4T , and of line 13 ? ^ If. Line 14 
 
 may have been practically as it stands. 
 
 The most interesting name is in the first and second 
 lines, which probably read, notwithstanding the uncertainty 
 of the last three characters of the first and the last 
 character of the second, Ya - iva - um - iht, ‘‘ Yahwah 
 (Jehovah) is God.” Fried. Delitzsch has already pointed 
 out that this must be the meaning of Ya{’)wa-ilu (Babel 
 iind Bibel, first lecture, p. 47). In the forms which he 
 quotes the mimmation is wanting. 
 
 In line 3 there seems to be only the character ur (lik, 
 las) after the first element. The common meaning of this 
 character is “ dog ”, but this clearly will not fit. I have 
 
101. DELIVERIES OF GRAIN. 102. NAMES OF OFFICIALS 127 
 
 tlierefore chosen the meaning of 4dlu, making the phrase 
 “ the father is a man ”. 
 
 It is doubtful whether tlie reading of the fourth name, 
 Taninia, “ my prayer,” or something similar, is correct. 
 Aoainst this are the traces of a character at the end 
 
 o 
 
 which may be ua. Have we to transcribe ideographically 
 Ulin-ili-ana (for -anaJm), and translate “1 am from God” ? 
 
 Of the other names may be noted Amimon^ ‘‘ tlie 
 true ” ; Nur-dhw^^ “ the father (is) a iiglit,” and Emua, 
 “ my kinsman (by marriage).” It seems hardly possible 
 to complete RSmua, '‘my grace,” but if this be correct, it is 
 probably a shortening of a name containing the root remu, 
 “to be gracious,” “loving” 
 
 The date of this list is about 2000 B.C., and it belongs 
 to the time when West Semitic influence was very strong. 
 It is to be noted that only three names out of the thirteen 
 contain the names of Babylonian gods. 
 
 102 (2Sh). No date. 
 
 Unbaked ; 11*4 cm. high by 58 mm. wide ; obverse and 
 edge below twenty-eight lines of writing, reverse and 
 edge thirty-one, left-hand edge flve lines of writing in 
 three columns. Lower left-hand corner broken off and 
 joined, but the break renders lines 12-15 of the obverse 
 incomplete. Colour grey. 
 
 (1) d'Nannara-tu'^^^ u Li-hi-it-istar ZU-AB (2) im-gur- 
 Enlil u a-pi~li-ia e-mi-ik-hi (3) aliat d-Nannara-tii^^ A 
 a-bu-sa (4) il-su-na-sir w su-tu-u'^^^ (5) d. Marduk-na-sir 
 A na-ah-si-ia (6) ka-zi-da-ak-Jcu'>^^ wardu'^^^ (7) gii-za-la{l)~ 
 sa-ad-hi mar Dumu~zi (8) mar 
 
 d’Sin-da-mi-iq (9) namsir-ilA^^ du-gah sa Hpdti il-ku-u 
 (10) d%i-mu-iiq-d> Samas (11) a-hi-sa-gi~mil A 
 
 a-hil-ur-ra ri'ru H (12) \q^'Bama^s Q.yna-sir A im-gur-^^Bin 
 mdri-su {lA) . . . A mdri-su {1^) . . . mu-us-ta- 
 
 al ra-bi-a-nu~ii^ (15) Sin-du~mu-uq A' Uat-ka-istar 
 (16) ur-ra-se-mi du-gab (17) Sin-ii-zi-li mdr ma-si-a- 
 
128 BABYLONIAN TABLETS OF BERENS COLLECTION 
 
 am-ilu (18) Addu-i-din-nam n Uu-di-na>^^-u-si-ib (19) 
 mdre a-ap-pa-a (20) si-ip-istar ri-du-su-nu (21) f^-Samas- 
 ma-gir mar ma-ri-um-mi (22) mdr-^-Amurri . . . 
 (23) ^■Sin-ma-an-du-tu'^ m ^?^^AIAR-GID-DA (24) ma- 
 
 V 
 
 ti-i'>^^-kc-iua('?)-as-ti (25) ki-^- Samaktii-lid (?) 
 
 (26) Sin-mu-pa-hi-ir-Jcasj)^^ (27) ^-Sin-sar-ili u bi- 
 en-na-a-a (28) mdv {!) iua(??)-a.s- 
 
 sum . . . 
 
 Obverse 
 
 '4m 
 
 
 
 
102. NAMES OF OFFICIALS, ETC. 
 
 129 
 
 Reverse 
 
 **=m TTHF^^ ^ m 
 tY 
 
 
 Reverse 
 
 (1) ki-is-tu'>n . . . pa (2) la-li-ia mar a-hi-res(iyJci('?)- 
 il-la-tu'^^ (S) mu-na-wi-ir-tw^^ mar si('?'?)-li('?ya-hu-sa 
 (4) sar-an-sa-an-u-miyi) i'*'^ u mdrat-su (5) mdrS Ili-tu- 
 ra-a^ rS’i e-an-oia ( 6 ) ki-is-ti-ur-ra sa dW^ si(iyit('^)~me 
 (7) ndrib u g^^kird sa dli^ si(yyit(yyme (8) 9'^^kirii hit 
 
 ^ Written uru-ki, “ city-place.” 
 
 9 
 
. 130 BABYLONIAN TABLETS OF BERENS COLLECTION 
 
 warad-^-Sin (9) y^-dcirw sa hit me-du-u'>'‘^ ndr kvp-ki (?) 
 (10) ndr u hivu ki Burl (11) aiuel hani-i issaku (12) ilu- 
 ha~hi~il wardu (13) ili-kar-pi-li ivardtt (14) ivardu 
 sa itti mu-na-ivi-riv^'^^ (15) o^^kiru sa dti-dii-ur 
 iib-lam iq-hi-a-am (16) a-pa-a-tv^^ kc Sin-u-ha-li-it-zn 
 (17) ili~ip~pa-al-sa u mdr-<^^- Amurvi (18) a-ha-ti-iva- 
 aq~va~at (19) ili-i-din-nam mdr sa-at-^-Bi-li-e-li 
 (20) d. Bin-ma-gir li-ik sa ku-nu-iik-ka-Ui'>n (21) sa mdre 
 a~ap~pa-a it-ti-su (22) mdr ha-ni-kian (23) rei 
 
 hit ^-Samas as-su'>^^ liti-su (24) sa hit a-na-hi-sn 
 
 (25) ma~gal ga-ga-dii mas la-ta'^^^ (26) ivardu'^^^ sa 
 ^■Amurri e-an-na-git-ma-la (27) a-na si-li-^-Bamas 
 sa i-Jii-iadu'>^'>' ga-hi-e-A'^ (28) Ka-lam-aha-hi-zu-ra 
 (29) na-hi-ili-su mdr <^t.Amurria^i-ma-lik (30) dhhe-su. 
 
 Left-hand edge 
 
 (31) pa-ar-ku-mi-si (32) Hkara'>'>^ a-na sahi-i . . . -a-tu'>^^ 
 na-da-a-ni'^ (33) a-na m-an-gi sa ^•Nin-gir('??)-m {'t) 
 
 sa-pa-ri-pn Translation 
 
 (1) Nannaratu^i^ and Libit-Istar of the Deep (? water- 
 reservoir) ; (2) Imgur-Enlil and Apilia, his father-in-law ; 
 (3) the sister of Nannaratu^^ and her father ; (4) Il-su-nasir 
 and Suth-i^ (the Sutite); (5) Marduk-nasir and Nahsia; 
 (6) Kazidakku^n the slave ; (7) Guzala-sadbi, son of Pi(?)-sa 
 Dumuzi ; (8) Ili-tura^^^, son of Sin-damiq ; (9) Nainsir-ili™, 
 the distributor, who has taken the wool ; (10) Dumuq- 
 Samas ; Hisiluin ; (11) Ahi-sa-gimil and Abil-Urra, the 
 herdsman. (12) [Sama]s(?)-nasir and Imgur-Sin, his son; 
 (13) . . . -atu"^ and his son ; (14) . . . -mustal, the 
 
 A 
 
 presiding scribe ; (15) Sin-dumuq and Ilat-ka-Istar ; 
 (16) Urra-semi, the distributor; (17) Sin-uzeli, son of 
 Masiai^-ilu ; (18) Addu-idinna™ and Ilu-dinaii^-usib ; 
 
 (19) the sons of Appa ; (20) Sip-Istar, their guardian ; 
 (21) Samas-magir, son of Mari-ummi ; (22) Mar-Amurri™, 
 the priest (?); (23) Sin-mandutu^^ of the long chariot; 
 (24) Mati“-saw(?)asti ; (25) Sa-Sarnas-tulid (?), the soldier ; 
 
102. NAMES OF OFFICIALS, ETC. 
 
 131 
 
 (26) Sin-mupahir-kaspi^i^ ; (27) Sin-sar-ili and Bennaya 
 (the Bennite) ; (28) Imalli(?)-Sin, son of [WJassu^^^- . . . 
 
 Reverse 
 
 (1) Kistui«, the . . . ; (2) Lalia, son of Ahi-res(?)- 
 
 killatu^n • (3) Munawirtum, son of Sili(?)-abu-sa (4) Sar- 
 Ansan-iimi>^ (?) and his daughter; (5) the sons of 
 Ili-turan^, herdsman of E-anna ; (6) Kisti-urra of the 
 city ma{iyit('?)-7ne ; (7) the canal and the orchard of 
 
 the city ma{'^.)-it{'^.yme ] (8) the orchard of the village 
 
 Bit-Warad-Sin ; (9) the orchard of the city Bit-medu«i, 
 
 the canal of Kip ; (10) the canal and the orchard of 
 
 A 
 
 Duru ; (11) Awel-bani, the mayor; (12) Ilu-habil, the 
 
 A 
 
 slave; (18) Ili-kar(?)-pili, the slave; (14) the slave of 
 the house of Munawiru”^ ; (15) the orchard of Dudur 
 bit Sin ublain iqbia»^ ; (16) the people of Sin-uballit-su ; 
 (17) Ili-ippalsa and Mar-Amurrh^ ; (18) Ahati-waqrat ; 
 (19) Ili-idinna«i, son of Sat-Bileli; (20) Sin-magir, the 
 receiver (?) of the seals, (21) with whom (are) the sons of 
 Appa ; (22) Mar-haniku^^^ the soldier ; (23) the herdsman 
 of the sungod-temple, for his cow, (24) the herdsman 
 of Ea-nabi-su ; (25) Magal-gaga ki mas la-tu (26) the 
 
 A 
 
 servant of Amurru-E-anna-gitmalu ; (27) to bespeak Sili- 
 Samas for Ihiatun^ ; (28) Kalam-aha-hizura ; (29) Nabi- 
 ili-su, son of Amurru^^-malik ; (30) (and) his brothers ; 
 
 Left-hand edge 
 
 (31) the assessors (?) of the drink to be given to the 
 men of Ip(?)atu»y (33) (and) sent to the priests of Nin- 
 Girsu (?). 
 
 To all appearance the object of the list is stated in 
 these final lines. With regard to the nature of the drink, 
 it is to be noted that the character has, unaccompanied by 
 any qualifying word, had a very general signification. 
 Kas is rendered in Assyro-Babylonian by sikaru, 
 “ intoxicating^ drink,” “ date- wine.” In the fragfment 
 published in the JRAS. for 1905, plate (of side a). 
 
132 BABYLONIAN TABLETS OF BERENS COLLECTION 
 
 lines 26-36 (c£. pp. 826, 827), Iwl appears as a mere 
 prefix for drinks made from grain, herbs, and apparently 
 grapes. In the present case tlie drink was seemingly 
 given by the parkumisi, who possibly had to do with 
 the distribution of the liquors to the mhi (soldiers), 
 and sent, also, to the priests of Nin-Girsu (?), the god 
 of Lagas, for their own consumption and distribution to 
 their colleagues and dependents. 
 
 The upright wedge at the beginning of the lines 
 (except 1. 21 of the reverse) has been neglected in the 
 translation, as it seemed to indicate merely the beginning 
 of a fresh line. In later texts an initial upright wedge 
 is generally the indication that the name of a man follows, 
 and this is supported by its presence before the second 
 name in line 7 of the obverse. This, however, would leave 
 its presence at the beginning of line 19 of the obverse, 
 lines 7-10, 15, 23, and 24 of the reverse, and the lines 
 on the edge unexplained. It would seem, tlierefore, to 
 indicate simply that a new item or clause was introduced. 
 
 The principal difficulty of the inscription is the care- 
 lessness of the writing in some places, especially with 
 regard to the characters (for ^f.^) and both of 
 which resemble 
 
 The patesi or issakii in line 11 must have been a far 
 less important personage than those of earlier days. In 
 this case he was apparently a hani (for Awel-bani may 
 not have been his name) or building-constructor. 
 
 In line 27 of the reverse gabe'^ is regarded as written 
 for qabe'>'^’ 
 
 In line 30, rev., the plural sign follows the ideograph 
 for the possessive pronoun. The characters which follow 
 evidently belong to the foregoing line, as in lines 10, 16, 
 left-hand edge, 3. 
 
 The translation of the lines on the left-hand edge is 
 not without its difficulties, but the rendering is not 
 unsatisfactory. 
 
103. APPRENTICESHIP-COJ; TRACT 
 
 133 
 
 103 (67). 19th year of Kandalana (Chineladanos). 
 Unbaked ; 45’5 mm. high by 56 mm. wide ; obverse ten, 
 reverse and edge ten lines of late Babylonian writing. 
 Lines 9 and 10 (obv.) and 11-13 (rev.) rendered imperfect 
 by a break at the lower edge, left-hand part. Colour grey. 
 
 Obverse 
 
 (1) A~cli Htta (-ta) sandti hamset luarhe^ (2) 
 na-a-ti-zel-li Bel-dhS-eriha (3) dhli-su.m 
 sal-lim (^'^^^•kur-gar-ra-u-Uo (4) u (^^'‘^•hu-ub-hu-u-tu u-lam- 
 mad-su (5) umtL(-mu) sa ul-lam-mid-sii sina siqla kaspi 
 nu-uh-tu'^n (6) sa '>'>^-^^-Na-na~a-u-zel-li ki-i la id-mid- 
 hi (7) umu{~mu) sismt qa seri N a-na-a~u-zel-li 
 
 (8) i-nam-din umu{-mu) sa ^n.Be-en-u-sal-lim (9) . . . 
 a~sa]r kt-nam-ma (10) [it-tal-ka k]aspa idiir-ru. 
 
 Reverse 
 
 ( 11 ) . -idd]ina('l) dhil <^-Sin- 
 
 onu-sal-lim (12) . . .]dhil dlp)i (13) . . . 
 
 -till dhil '‘n-Al-la-mi (14) '^^'^•^■Nahil-iki-sa dhil 
 na-ahdm (15) '>^^-Rejnut-^^-Guda dhil Ah-ia-u-ht 
 ( 10 ) m.d.]SfahuAhassi(-si) dhil ^'>^'^-hani (17) ^^’^-tupsami 
 '‘^^•Si-rik-ti-^-Marduk dhil Ku-du-ra-nu (18) Bar- 
 sipdA warah nisanni umu samassern {1^) satUi tisaseritii 
 Kan-da-la-na (20) kir Bdhili. 
 
 ^ Or ivarhdiii, but this may be an exclusively Assyrian form. 
 
134 BABYLONIAN TABLETS OF BERENS COLLECTION 
 
 Reverse 
 
 For 2 years (and) 5 months Xanaa-nzelli shall teach 
 Bel-ahe-eriba son of Ben-usallim exorcism (JciirgarrUitii) 
 and cleansing (?) (hiibhritii). At the time he teaches him, 
 2 shekels of silver (is) Nanaa-nzelli’s fee. If he does not 
 teach him, Xanaa-nzelli shall pay 6 qa of barle}’ a-day. 
 When Ben-ukillim [departs and goes to] another [plac]e, 
 the silver he will return. 
 
 [Witnesses:] . . . -iddina (?), son of Sin-musallim ; 
 
 . . . son of the ox-keeper : 
 
 Ea-ephes-ili, son of Allanu : • 
 
 Xabu-iqisa, son of Xanahhu ; 
 
 Remut-Gula, son of Ahiautu ; 
 
 Xabu-usabsi, son of the builder. 
 
 Scribe : ^irikti-Marduk, son of Kuduranu. 
 
 Borsippa, month Xisan, day 18th, year 19th, Kandalana, 
 king of Babylon. 
 
 In the absence of a really parallel text it is impossible 
 
 to restore the broken lines with certaintv. In the 
 
 %/ 
 
 translation, however, the portion in brackets probably 
 ofives the sense. 
 
 Though carefully written, one or two departures from 
 the common forms are noticeable. These are the use of 
 m for su in lines 5 and 6 (cf. ulammad-sit in 
 
103. APPRENTICESHIP-CONTRACT 
 
 135 
 
 line 4), and ulmid in line G for idlammid (cf. line 5). The 
 initial wedge indicating the name of a person is likewise 
 omitted in line 11. 
 
 Instead of kurgarrutu in line 3 gingarrutu is possible. 
 The meaning of the word seems to be “ making (gar) 
 bright or pure” (gin). Tallqvist (Maqhl, vii, 88 and 92) 
 translates the word b}^ ‘‘ befehder (?) ”. I quote the lines 
 in which it occurs : 
 
 “Sorceress, the spell-makers (‘^^^^-KUR-GAR-RApl-), the 
 magic-makers, will attack thee, 
 
 I will destroy thy ban. 
 
 Let the magicians enchant thee, I will destroy thy ban ; 
 
 Let the enchantresses encliant thee, I will destroy thy 
 ban ; 
 
 Let the spell-breakers enchant thee, I will destroy thy 
 ban ; 
 
 Let the magic-workers enchant thee, I will destroy thy 
 ban ; 
 
 Let the narsudil enchant thee, I will destroy thy ban; 
 
 Let the snake-charmers enchant thee, I will destroy thy 
 ban ; 
 
 Let the encirclers enchant thee, I will destroy thy ban.” 
 
 It would therefore seem certain that the kurgami was 
 a kind of magician, and in all probability the profession 
 of htibbu was similar. HubbUtht, if from hababu, possibly 
 means “washing” or “purification” (Meissner, 
 z^i den Worterbiichern, under Jiabbn — me kabbdtu, “flowing 
 water”). If from Jjcqnt, Ijiqiputii would be connected with 
 huppii, one of the renderings of the Sumerian 8AM-TIR- 
 TAGGA, “herb-dealer,” or the like. The fee (2 shekels 
 of silver) for 29 or 30 months’ teaching seems to have 
 been very low, but Bel-ahe-eriba was probably expected 
 to help Nanaa-uzelli. 
 
 In ittivru there may be confusion with the secondary 
 form of aril, “to send.” To all appearance Ben-usallim, 
 
136 BABVLOXIAX TABLETS OF BEREXS COLLECl'ION 
 
 father of the neophite, had to send tlie fee to Borsippa if 
 he left and went to another place. 
 
 Kandalana (Kineladanos) succeeded Samas-sum-ukin 
 (Sawas-suw-ukin, Saosduchinos), and reigned, according to 
 the canon, twentv-two vears, though there seems to have 
 been a short interregnum. The date of the present 
 inscription is about 628 B.c. Kandalanu has been 
 identibed with Assur-bani-apli, ‘‘the great and noble 
 Asnapper.” Whether Kandalana (-lanu) have an}* 
 connexion with handalu (some object of bronze or copper ) 
 is uncertain, but it is noteworthy that it lias the prefix 
 
 for divinitv. 
 
 «/ 
 
 104 (68). Darius, 4th year. 
 
 Unbaked : 35 6 mm. high bv 44 mm. wide : obverse 
 eight lines of defaced and practically illegible writing, 
 reverse seven lines mostlv clear. A rough business “hand”, 
 with the upright wedges slanting backwards. Colour 
 light-grev. 
 
 Ohver^e Rei'^rst 
 
 y 
 
 (1) Sina (or kdkt) guv siduppi .^( (?) . . . (2) . . . 
 ilia niuh-lii ^^^•^^•2Iarduk-kiinif) - ihnt (3) dhlt-yu ki 
 'in-Ba-la-Ui (?) dhd (4) (?) . . . .sit . . . 
 
 (5) (?) . . . 6rt?ii(?)-fU (-0 (6) ina 
 
 . . . Ill . . . (1) \^isten~nd]-ta-a-an d-qa-u {S) . . . 
 
 (Rev. 1) o,in mu-Jdn-ni m.d.XahiL-nadin-kuni (2) dbli- 
 siL sa ^^^■^■Bel-dhe-triha dbd i-bi (3i »^-^-2^abiL-dhe- 
 
 uballit dbli-su ki ^^^•f^ Kabd-etir 
 
104. CONTRACT FOR DATES 
 
 137 
 
 (4) (^'^•ttqosarru Warad-^- dhli- sii m 
 
 duh-etir (5) dhil ^^-nangari. Ah('^)-si{'^.)-ha-mar warah 
 Teheti (6) umti hamsu sattu ribitu Da-ri-i-wus (7) sar 
 Bdbilid-^) sar mdtati. 
 
 (1) 2 (or 3) gur of dates from . . . (2) . . . unto 
 Marduk-sum-ibni (?) (3) son of Balatu (?) descendant 
 of Ili-ia (4) . . . (5) . . . -sezib(?) . . . -bani-ile (?) 
 (6) in ... (7) [Each] has taken (a copy of the contract). 
 
 ( 8 ) • • • 
 
 Witnesses : Nabu-nadin-sumi, son of Bel-ahe-eriba, 
 
 A 
 
 descendant of Egibi; Nabu-ahe-uballit, son of Nabu-etir. 
 
 Scribe : Warad-Urtu^, son of Maruduk-etir, descendant 
 of the carpenter. Ahsihamar, month Tebet, day 5th, 
 year 4th, Darius, king of Babylon, king of countries. 
 
 Ili-ia (1. 3) was the ancestor of a numerous tribe 
 or clan at Borsippa. The meaning of the scribe’s name 
 is “ servant , of the god Urtu ” — the last component 
 perhaps for the more usual Urkittu. 
 
 The name of the place where the contract was drawn 
 up is very doubtful. The character read ah is apparently 
 bungled — it may be intended for the character meaning 
 “ city ”, which is wanting, in which case tlie place was 
 called Sihamar. 
 
 [In the reverse, line 3, the first name is apparently 
 y ^ Traces of the third (left-hand) wedge 
 
 of are to be seen.] 
 
 105 (69). Darius, 16th year. 
 
 Unbaked ; 51 *2 mm. high, 64‘2 mm. wide ; obverse 
 eight, reverse and edge twelve lines of writing ; lines 2-6 
 of the obverse and 1, 6, 7, 10, and 11 of the reverse 
 slightly damaged, the last two through a small hole. 
 Colour grey. 
 
 As the inscription is apparently a rough copy, portions 
 of the text, even Avhere undamaged, are practically 
 undecipherable. 
 
138 BABYLONIAN TABLETS OF BERENS COLLECTION 
 
 Obverse 
 
 4 ? 
 
 wmmmr 
 
 L 
 
 
 (1) il-ki ki-me hi-li-ru-n ab-zii-u mh-du (2) gab-hi 
 ul-tii warah-samna C^) sattu haonissertu 2 )ci-t(t j9a-j9cm(?) 
 (3) a-di ki-it warah Tebeti(?) kittii timserti ^^^-Da-ri-ia- 
 a-ivu-us (4) mr BdMli u indtati m Re m id Nab it 
 
 dbli-su sa '>^^-^-Nabti-ki-d.u~nu (5) dbil '^■Ili-ia '^^^•(^■Nabd- 
 bul-lit-su mdru sa ^•*^'Nabii-kain-dbli (6) 
 am.riqqidu (?) inaqdte^-Rik-ki-da{l)-la-mu{'l)-(^-Nabu (?) 
 (7) ^^^-galda sa '^^^■Ba-la-hi ma-ljir (8) e-fi-ir. 
 
 Reverse 
 
 iy«rf^ ^ T m!Km w 
 
105. DECLARATION CONCERNING MEAL, ETC. 139 
 
 (1) indru ki ^n.d.Bel-dhu-icldioia'^ 
 
 dhil (2) ^n.d.j^abu-halat-su-iqhi indrn m 
 
 m.d. BSl~uballit{-it) dhil ‘^■Ahu-u-tu (3) '^•<^-Nahu-it- 
 mdru '^•Ki-na-a ^^-Iddina-^-Bel mdru sa 
 '^^^-Ni-din-tu'^^ (4) mdr '^■JShtr-^^-Sin '^■Ba-si-ia mdru sa 
 m.d.Bel-iisallim (5) dhil '^^^•^■Ea-dlia-hii-it-mu-din-ga 
 Sal-la-a-a mdru sa '^-(^■Nahu-id-ri- (6) A-sir{l)-hi- 
 it-tu(J) mdru sa ^^-Ba-si-in-nu (7) ^^'^■Sa~zi{l)-su mdru sa 
 \gn. S'\i-is-su '‘^^•(^■Nabu-dblu-iddina mdru sa ^-(^-Nahu- 
 sarru-usur (8) '^n.d.j^cihu-it-tan-nu mdru sa Ta-dtt-nu 
 {^')a,rn.tupktrru '^n.]Sfi-din~tu'>^^mdru sa '^•Iddinaya{-na-a). 
 Bdhilu warah Ulidi (10) umu tisaseru sattu sissaseritu 
 Da-ri-ia-a-wus (11) sar Bdhilii^^) u mdtati isten {-en)- 
 ta-a-an sa-tct-ri (12) il-qu-u. 
 
 Translation (provisional) : — All the profit of meal, 
 hiliru, ahza, sabdu, from Marcheswan (?), year 15tli . . . 
 until the end of the month Tebet, 19th year of 
 
 Darius, king of Babylon and countries, which Remut- 
 
 Nabu, son of Nabu-sadu-=nu, descendant of Ilia, (and) 
 Nabu-bullit-su, son of Nabu-kain-abli, secretaries and 
 produce-dealers, having received (it) from the hands of 
 Rikki-dalamu-Nabu (?), servant of Balatu the seer, hold. 
 
 Witnesses : BM-kasir, son of Bel-ahu-iddina, descendant 
 of the workman ; Nabu-balat-su-iqbi, son of Bel-uballit, 
 descendant of Ahutu ; Nabu-ittannu, son of Kina ; 
 Iddina-Bel, son of Nidintu^^, descendant of Nur-Sin ; 
 Basia, son of Bel-usallim, descendant of Ea-ahu-buit- 
 mudinga - ; Sallaya, son of Nabu-idri’ ; Asir-kittu (?), 
 son of Basinnu ; Sazisu (?), son of [SJissu ; Nabu-ablu- 
 iddina, son of Nabu-sar-usur ; Nabu-ittannu, son of 
 Tadunu. Scribe : Nidintu^, son of Iddinaya. Babylon, 
 month Elul, day 20th less 1, year 16th, Darius, king of 
 Babylon and countries. Each has taken a copy. 
 
 ^ Read, perhaps, >.4 , iddina{-na). 
 
 ^ Evidently miscopied by the scribe. The characters given suggest 
 T A 4 ’ET4T , '>»<^Ea-aliu-uhaUit, followed by a title or 
 
 profession. 
 
140 BABYLONIAN TABLETS OF BERENS COLLECTION 
 
 Though written il-cli, there is but little doubt that il-lci 
 is intended. To all appearance the words which follow 
 indicate the commodities in which Remut-Xabu and 
 Nabu-bullit-su were interested. Other texts of the same 
 character are by no means so full in this particular, as 
 witness the followinj^ : — 
 
 “ The profit (ilki) of Bel-asu, son of Bel-iddina, 
 
 descendant of Babutu, which is until the end of the 
 
 month Adar of the 25th year of Darius king of Babylon 
 
 and the lands, from the toll of the bridge of Babylon, 
 • ^ • • * 
 which Sirki, son of Iddinaya, descendant of E^ibi, has 
 
 received for Bel-asu from the hands of Bel-upahhir. Each 
 
 has taken (a copy).” Dated at Bab-bitaqu. (S. + , 954.) 
 
 “ The profit {ilki) of the extension of the bridge of 
 Xabu-nadin-ahi, son of Ablaya, which, from the month 
 Tammuz of the 26th year of Darius king of Babylon 
 and the lands, until the end of the month Sivan of the 
 27th year, Sirku, son of Iddinaya, descendant of Egibi, 
 has receiv’ed from the hands of [Ka]lb[ay]a (?), son of 
 Iqisaya, on account of Xabu-nadin-ahi son of Ablaya. 
 Each has taken (a copy).” (A mutilated clause seemingly 
 refers to some former receipt.) (S. -f, 88.) 
 
 These two inscriptions imply that the words after 
 “year 15th”, which break the sense of a very common 
 and simple phrase, really belong to the end of the first 
 line, which must have been rather crowded in the scribe’s 
 original — perhaps these characters were written below 
 the line, as in the case of Xo. 102 of the present collection, 
 reverse, lines 15, 20, 26, and 27. In this case the first 
 three lines would read ilki kime IdliriL abzu sahclu 
 u papjxini (instead of pa-ta pa-'pan ?) gahhi ultic ivarah- 
 samna sattu hamissertu acli kit icarah Teheti sattii 
 
 w w * 
 
 tisasertu, etc., “All the profit (or trade) in meal, hiliril, 
 abzu, sabclu, and young slaves,^ from Marcheswan, year 
 15th, to the end of the month Tebet, year 19th,” etc. 
 
 ^ See the references in Muss-Arnolt’s Assyrian Dictionary, under hahhu. 
 
106. RECEIPTS OF GRAIN AND DATES 
 
 141 
 
 The last group but one in line 7 of the obverse seems to 
 be intended for “ prognosticator ” 
 
 (Sumerian ^uisihim). 
 
 On the reverse there are also several doubtful characters, 
 notably in lines 5 and 7. The reading Tachtnu in line 8 
 is obtained by regarding some of the wedges of the last 
 character but one as accidental. If they are all to be 
 taken into account, the best transcription is Tadnu. 
 
 106 (73). Darius, 18th year. 
 
 Unbaked ; 10’2 mm. high by 31*5 mm. wide ; obverse 
 and edge five, reverse and edge six lines of writing, large 
 at first, small after the seventh line. Koughish business 
 hand. First line of the reverse damaged. Colour grey. 
 
 Obverse Reverse 
 
 (1) Selasd qa 
 
 sen 
 
 ina ehuri 9^Hsqeti(l) (2) sa satti 
 
 samasserti (3) inct qdte Ardi-ia (4) ma- 
 
 hi~ir (5) ir-hit siduppi (rev. 6) sab{'^yku{dytal~la (7) go.h- 
 hi e-tir (8) ina nazazu(-zu) sa m-Gu-za.-nu (9) Bar-sip^^ 
 drah Sabati, umu esrd (10) m mtti hamasserti '^^•Da-ri- 
 ia.-iuus (11) sar Bdbili^^ sar mdtati. 
 
 30 qa of grain in the harvest, the shares (?) (2) of the 
 18th year, Bel-ibni has received from the hands' of Ardia. 
 (5) A fourth of the dates of all the date-orchards (?) has 
 been taken (8) in the presence of Guzanu. Borsippa, 
 month Sebat, day 20th, of the 15th year, Darius, king 
 of Babylon, king of countries. 
 
 Sense uncertain on account of the mutilation of the 
 record, which has rendered lines 5 and 6 incomplete. The 
 characters after ebura in line 1 are undamagfed, but 
 
142 BABYLONIAN TABLETS OF BERENS COLLECTION 
 
 difficult to recognize. In line 10 we ouglit, perhaps, to 
 read samasserti, “18th,” instead of hamasserti, “15tli” 
 (cf. line 2). 
 
 107 (70). Darius, 30th year. 
 
 Unbaked; 41mm. high by 51 '5 mm. wide; obverse 
 seven, reverse nine lines of rather careful writing. 
 A broken left-hand corner renders the last two lines of 
 the obverse and the first line of the reverse incomplete 
 at the beginning. Colour grey. 
 
 Obverse 
 
 If 
 
 ^ m. 
 
 
 
 (1) Hamisserit siqli kaspi pisii-ii nu-uh-hu-tu (2) ri- 
 Jii-it si-one d^Hsqi (3) sa '^^^‘Ri-onut-^^-Nabit dhli-su sa 
 m.d.JSfahii-kaioi-suoni (4) cihil ’7 dlpi ioia onuh-hi '‘^■La- 
 hti-si-^^’Mao'duk (5) dhil 'fn-Niio'-^-Pap-sukal i-oia ki-it 
 
 (6) ivarah Tiso'iti kasp-aon hamisserit siqli pisu-io 
 
 (7) . . . oxd-ti i-oiam-dioi 
 
 Reverse 
 
 
107. CONTRACT (promissory-note) 
 
 143 
 
 (8) Mu-kin-nu '>n.Itti-^-Nabu-halatu dhli-su sa 
 (9) La-ha-si- (^-Marduk dbil ^^-sangi ^-Addi (10) 
 m.d. ]Sfahu-sum-iskun(-un) dhli-su kt '^^^-d-Nahu-him-uktn 
 ( 11 ) m.d. Maruduk-nadin-dhi dhli-hi sa '^n-d-Nahu-dhe-hul- 
 lit (12) dhil Sin-tah-ni ^'‘^^■tupsarru ^^^-Ri-mut-^-Nahu 
 (13) dhli-hi m '^■<^-Nahd-dhe-hul-lit dhil Sin-sa-du-nu 
 (14<) Bar-zip^^ warah Bumuzi umu esru .sattu salasu 
 (15) 'in. Ba-ri-ia-a-wu-us sar Bdhili^i (16) .sar mdtati. 
 
 5 shekels of white silver, coined, the balance of the 
 price of the share of Remut-Nabu, son of Nabu-kain-sumi, 
 descendant of the cattle-keeper, upon (i.e. due from) 
 Labasi-Marduk, son of Nur-Pap-sukah. At the end of 
 the month Tisri the silver, 15 shekels of white, he shall 
 repay in full (?). 
 
 Witnesses : Itti-Nabu-balatu, son of Labasi-Marduk, 
 descendant of the priest of Hadad ; Nabu-sum-iskun, son 
 of Nabu-sum-ukin ; Marduk-nadin-ahi, son of Nabu-ahe- 
 bullit, descendant of Sin-tabni. Scribe : Remut-Nabu, 
 son of Nabu-ahe-bullit, descendant of Sin-sadu-nu. 
 Borsippa, month Tam muz, day 10th, year 30th, Darius, 
 king of Babylon, king of the lands. 
 
 The sum received apparentl}^ represents the amount of 
 Remut-Nabu’s interest in certain propert}^, or the proht 
 derived therefrom. Unfortunately the 15 shekels of 
 which the payment is recorded simply formed the final 
 instalment, so that the full amount of his investment does 
 not appear. 
 
 It seems not impossible that the incomplete word at the 
 beginning of line 7 should be {w)atratti, from dtaru, to 
 exceed, but it is very uncertain. 
 
 The initial wedge denoting the name of a man is absent 
 in lines 13 and 14. 
 
 108 (71). Darius, year lost. 
 
 Unbaked ; 41*5 mm. high by 57'5 mm. wide. About 
 one-third of the inscription is wanting in consequence of 
 
144 BABYLONIAN TABLETS OF BERENS COLLECTION 
 
 damage to the right-hand portion of the tablet : the 
 obverse and edge therefore have from a fourth to two- 
 thirds of ten lines of writing, and the reverse has about 
 two-thirds of nine lines. Colour grey. 
 
 Obverse 
 
 (1) Sisset gur isten me qa sa . . . ] (2) [dhli]- 
 
 siL sa (3) dhli-su sa Bel-dhe-iddina 
 
 abil . . . (4) . . . li ^n-d.Xahu~dhu~it-tan-nu . . . (5) 
 sidiipp<tm sisset isten me ga . . . ] (6) ina Bar-sip^^ 
 i-nain-di-nu iimu{-mu) . . . (7) adii(J) garin(l) hit 
 '>^^'Ka.r~ri it-tal(l)- . . . (8) ^^^-^-A-e-iddiiut sa ^n.d.Xahii- 
 dh[^L-it-tan-nu . . . ] (9) mi-su-u ^n.d.Xahii-dhu- . . . 
 
108. PROMISSORY-NOTE WITH SECURITY 
 
 145 
 
 (10) ib-ba-kam-ma a-na . . .] (11) i-nam- 
 
 clin ^^^^'f^mit-kin-[ni . . . (12) dbli-su sa '^•^■Nabu-dblu- 
 iddina dbil N abu(l)- . . . (lZ)'>^‘(^-Nabu-dhu-§u dbli- 
 su sa ni.d.]Sfabu-dhS-id\dina . . . ] (14) ^-d.Mabu-it-tan- 
 nu mdri-su sa 'fn.d.j^abu- ... (15) ^^'lkisaa(-sa-a) dbli-su 
 sa '>n.d.]}{abu-usabsi(-si) ... (16) ^‘d.^Nabu-balatysu-iqbi 
 dwelu t%ijp-sarru mdri-su sa . . . (Vl) dbil '‘^•d-Nergal- 
 dhu- . . . (18) Bar-sip^^ drah Nisanni umu sibu . . . 
 (19) Da-ri-ia-wus sar Bd\bili^^ sar mdtati]. 
 
 6 gur 100 qa of dates [from . . . ] son of ^ulaya 
 descendant of [ ... to ... ] son of Bel-ahe-iddina 
 descendant of . . . and Nabn-ahu-ittannu [son of ... 
 descendant of . . . ]. The dates, 6 gu[r 100 qa . . . ] 
 in Borsippa he shall repay. The day [when ?] they go 
 [to] the threshing(?)-field of the house of Karri, Ae-iddina 
 responds (?) for Nabu-Mju[-ittannu]. Nabu-ahe- . . . , 
 (if) he depart, will repay [the amount] to Ma[ruduk(?)- 
 . . . ]. Witnesses : ... son of Nabu - ablu - iddina, 
 
 descendant of . . . Nabu-ahu-su, son of Nabu-ahe-id[dina, 
 descendant of . . . ] ; Nabu-ittannu, son of Nabu- . . . ; 
 Ikisaya, son of Nabu-usabsi, [descendant of . . ■ ] ; Bel(?)- 
 balat-su-iqbi, the scribe, son of . . . descendant of Nergal- 
 ahu- . . . 
 
 Borsippa, month Nisan, day 7th, [year . . . ], Darius, 
 king of Ba[bylon, king of the lands]. 
 
 Though the text is greatly damaged, the general sense 
 is clear. It is not impossible that a comparison with other 
 inscriptions from Borsippa will enable the names of the 
 contracting parties to be ultimately restored, and thus the 
 record rendered practically complete. 
 
 109 (72). Transactions in the 2nd year of an unnamed 
 
 king. 
 
 Unbaked ; 38 mm. high, 58 mm. wide ; obverse and edge 
 inscribed with the latter portions of eight lines of well- 
 formed characters, reverse seven similar lines. Damaged 
 
 10 
 
146 BABYLONIAN TABLETS OF BEEENS COLLECTION 
 
 at the left-hand ecl^re, all the lines are defective at tlie 
 beginning, the 7th, 8th, 14th, and 15th especially so in 
 consequence of flaking away at tlie lower edges. 
 
 Obverse 
 
 (1) . . . -hi kt (J^^nartapi sa kitti kiniti (2) [kt imi] 
 pan '^^^■Ba-ku-u a-na Bar-sip^^-a-a (3) [iiui] drah Siicanni 
 
 hel kna (guv) ki-me (5) . . . isten {guv) aka-an hel 
 ike'll {guv) gib-ha (6) . . . -u-tu'^^ ina f^eri ina navi 
 (7) [ . . . -Bdhil]i^^ dhil m-Had-da-a (8) [ina qdite 
 '^^^■Amat-]ili-ki-upir 
 
 Reverse 
 
 V 
 
 (9) [drlni . . • ] umu vihii kdtn sanitu (10) . . . iken 
 i seri ina seri kii-mu (11) kna {guv) iken me ekd qa 
 
 seri gam-mir-tum ziiti d-Nahii (12) kt m.d.JSfahit-si-tan- 
 
 mt a-na m.Ba-ku-u (13) [iiui] gate ^n.A-mat-ili-su-u-sur 
 avail Siivanni (14) [Amu . . . sattu . . . ] ki-me aka-an 
 
 (15) . . . -iv. 
 
109. PAYMENTS IN KIND 
 
 147 
 
 The eaiTiiiigs(?) of the irrigation-machines for the second 
 year, witli Baku, for the Borsippites. (3) Month Sivan, 
 day 4th, year 2nd, 22 gur 36 qa of barlej^ master of 2 gur 
 of flour, or (?) 1 gur of as-a-an master of 1 gur of 
 heavy (6) produce (?) in the plain, by tlie river, (7) [. . . 
 Zeru-Babil]i, son of Hadda, (has received) from tlie hands 
 of Amat-ili-su-usur. 
 
 (9) [Month . . . ], day 4th, year 2nd, (10) . . . gur 
 36 qa of barley in the plain kumu. (11) 2 gur 120 qa of 
 grain barley complete, the share of Nebo, (12) which 
 Nabu-sitannu has given to Baku. (13) From the hands 
 of Amat-ili-su-usur, month Sivan, [day . . .]th, [year 
 . . . t]h, the meal of tlie wheat (15) [was recei]ved. 
 
 The text is too incomplete to enable the sense to be 
 made out with certainty, especially as many of the 
 ideographs are of doubtful meaning, but it seems not 
 improbable that the nartapu, or water-machine, may have 
 been a kind of mill, taking into consideration that kime, 
 “meal,” is mentioned in two places. 
 
 From the style of the writing, the text should belong 
 to the time of Nebuchadrezzar or earlier. 
 
 110 (74). A tablet of offerings, undated. 
 
 Unbaked; 65 mm. high by 43'5 mm. wide; obverse 
 eleven, reverse eleven lines of excellent writing. The ends 
 of lines 5-11 of the obverse and lines 1-6 of the reverse 
 damaged by fragments broken away from the right- 
 hand and lower edo:es ; slia;ht damacfe also elsewhere. 
 Colour grey. 
 
 (1) Isten(-en) immeru isten(-en) ^^^(garanu (2) hisihti 
 zeri ina pa-ni ga-rak-ki tanakkas{-kas) (3) an-nu-u 
 umu(-mu) mahru(~u) tanakkas(-kas) (4) umu(-mu) 
 ma-la dul~lu tepus{-us) (5) mah-hu-ru-tu mah-ha-ru 
 mi-ih-ha tanakki{~ki) (6) umu(~mu) isten{-en) GI-GAB 
 ina hit a-nu takdn(-an) (7) tisit tutpy^rsit^ suluppi 
 
148 BABYLONIAN TABLETS OF BERENS COLLECTION 
 
 tanakkati{-kas) (8) mi-ih-ha tanukki{~ki) 
 ina li-la-a-ti GI-GAB (9) hia hit a-im takdn{-an) 
 sitta tut 2 mrsiti (10) set sulupjn ... (11) 
 
 tanakkas(-kas) mi-ih-ha tanakki(-ki). 
 
 Ohv€r.:<e 
 
 ^ ^ MM mMM- 
 
 
 Reverse 
 
 
 
 (Reverse; 12) . . . immere . . . (13) hisihte zeri . . . 
 (14) gu-ru-un ina imn . . . (15) an-nu-u rik-si a-na 
 ^t- . . . (16) tanakkas{-kas) isten(-en) immeru isten(-en) 
 ti^fgaranib hisihti zei't a-na ^'Be-lit ildni tanakkas{-kas) 
 (18) salset immere Salset tntgarane (19) salset hisihte 
 
 \r 
 
 zeri a-na ^-E-a. ^’Samas (20) ii ^•Mamtduk ina tarhasi 
 tanakkas( -kas). 
 
110. KTTUAL ATTENDING OFFERINGS 
 
 149 
 
 (^21) Ki lA gah-ri Nippitr^*' Hu-hal-hut 
 
 (^22) lei '‘^^•d-Nahu-nadina{-na)-himi dbil Zev-u-ti-ya. 
 
 1 sheep, 1 small bottle (of wine), (2) (and) a portion of 
 grain thou shalt apportion before the garakku . . . 
 (3) this thou shalt apportion on the first clay. (4) Every 
 day thou doest the service (5) offer (?) the offerings (?), 
 pour out the libation (?); (6) by(?) da}^ 1 gah-reed thou 
 shalt place in the house of the (holy) vessel, (7) thou shalt 
 apportion 9 bursiti~yesf=,e\s of dates (and) rice (?), (8) thou 
 shalt pour out tlie libation. In the night a ^c(6-reed 
 (9) thou shalt set in the house of the (holy) vessel, 
 2 bursiti-vases (10) of dates (and) rice(?) (11) thou shalt 
 apportion, thou shalt p[our out] a libation. 
 
 (12) [3] sheep, [3 small bottles (of wine), 3] portions of 
 gr[ain thou shalt apportion before . . . ], (14) wine (?) 
 before . . . (15) this (is) the regulation, to the god . . . 
 (16) thou shalt apportion. 1 sheep, one small bottle (of 
 wine), (17) a portion of grain thou shalt apportion to the 
 lady of the gods. (18) 3 sheep, 3 small bottles (of wine), 
 (19) 3 portions of grain to Ea, Samas, (20) and jMerodach 
 in the courtj’ard thou shalt apportion. 
 
 According to the document, the copy (of which) was 
 obtained from Nippur. (22) Wood (tablet) of Nabii- 
 nadina-sumi, son of Zerutia. 
 
 The above is only a provisional rendering. The 
 portions restored by comparing the parallel passages 
 are indicated by square brackets. All completions are 
 necessarily uncertain ; and such technical or special 
 terms as mahhurutii mahharii and mihlta naqu present 
 
 WW WW WW Ml. 
 
 difficulties. 
 
 The transcription of ^ by hisihfu in lines 2, 13, 17, 
 and 19 is uncertain. It means “want”, “desire”, or the 
 like. Whether this be the right transcription or not, 
 there is but little doubt that ^ indicated the requisite 
 amount or portion to make a legal offering. 
 
150 BABYLONIAN TAliLETS OF JiEIiENS COLLECTION 
 
 111 (75). No date. 
 
 Unbaked; 43 mm. high by 61 mm. wide ; obverse eiglit 
 lines of writing, reverse three; tlie first, seventli, and eighth 
 of tlie obverse, and the first and second of tlie reverse, 
 incomplete on account of fractures. The blank space 
 of rather more than half of the reverse has an impression 
 of a cylinder-seal, the right-hand portion of which is 
 somewhat damao;ed. 
 
 Ohverm 
 
 yr ^ 
 
 'm 
 
 (1) Ttippi ^^^■^^■Nahii-hain-dhll nagir bar- . . . 
 
 (2) a-na '^^^'^■Nahti-dliu-su dJji-ia (3) isten(-en) na~ 
 ka-ma-ri sa isten giir ird%at-tu'»^ (4) irhit za-ri 
 (5) sina pa-fi-ri V^- (6) hamisserit si-il-lu P^’ 
 (7) sina nu-iih-si P^- (8) [a]-cU umi esre gah-hi hi-ri. 
 
 Reverse 
 
111 . LETTER WITH INSTRUCTIONS 
 
 151 
 
 (9) . . . -mur (?) HhU Hqli kaspi ki di-me (10) . . . 
 ma-la zitti-ka it-ti ( 11 ) Iqisaa{-m-a) up-te-ti-ir. 
 
 Letter of Nabu-kain-abli the overseer of ... to Nabu- 
 alju-su my brother. 
 
 1 nakaQnari-reed of 1 gur (weiglit) the 
 
 4 .mri-reeds ; 
 
 2 patiri-TQQd.^ (? “ piercers ”) ; 
 
 15 si^^'R-reeds {V thorns ”) ; 
 
 2 '?m/m-reeds. 
 
 Dig (?) all up on the 20th day. 
 
 [Behjold (?), 9 shekels of silver (is) the value (?), . . , 
 as much as (is) thy share, I have arranged (? lit. divided) 
 with Iqisaya. 
 
 The seal-impression is apparently from Nabu-kain-abli’s 
 cylinder. It shows the usual emblems of the sun and the 
 moon, but the hgure of the worshipper, which seems to 
 have been on the right, is lost by damage to the surface. 
 
 It has been suggested that nakamaru means “ rope ” or 
 “ net ”, in which case the hattn'^^^ would be some fitting — 
 handle or framework. With sillu 
 
 _ D, Hebrew '{hp “ thorn”, though here it must 
 
 have been something of a very special nature to give it 
 a commercial value. As these are the most numerous of 
 all the articles, it seems not improbable that they were 
 used in net-making. In any case, they were to be ready 
 by the 20th day of the month. JJptatir would seem to 
 mean “ I have divided ”, i.e. “ arranged (thy share) ”. 
 
 The first object mentioned, the '' nako.mari-YQ<dd” , is 
 apparently that spelled elsewhere nakmari. It has 
 been compared with the corresponding Hebrew 
 “hunter’s net”. 
 
 Taro;um SlS' 
 
 may be compared the 
 
ADDITIONAL NOTES 
 
 Page 11, No. 16, line 3, obvL Tlie last character should 
 be more distinctly da. 
 
 p. 14. Instead of inm is a possible reading (Sem. 
 nagatu'>^^, nadahi'*^^). 
 
 p. 30, last line. There is but little doubt that the 
 Sumerian gas, Semitic hasii, has nothing to do with cassia, 
 which comes from the Heb. q’si‘dJ(, whence the 
 
 name Keziali. Gas = kasio may therefore liave been a 
 general name for certain spices used by the Babylonians. 
 
 pp. 37—8. The 8?tni-plants were probably of the nature 
 of onions. See the Amherst Tablets, vol. i, pp. 19, 41-2. 
 
 p. 42. Namerim hakud may mean “ he has guaranteed 
 them ” (see p. 17), or stated that they had no defect, 
 p. 48, last line. Su-eli may be Semitic, 
 p. 48. Agava is the reading of a character closely 
 resembling 1 5H which, with the determinative prefix for 
 
 divinity, stands for the god of Jokha. Whether this be 
 the true reading or not, is uncertain, but it is to be noted 
 that No. 78 has, in 11. 12 and 13 (the 3rd and 4th of the 
 reverse), the phonetic complement ra, omitted in the same 
 name in vol. i of the Amherst Tablets, p. 149. The name 
 is mistranscribed Akare on pp. 8, 57, 68, 90, 91. 
 
 p. 61. An examination of other texts referring to 
 cloth or garments suggests that my first reading of us-bar 
 in line 1 was correct. “ 8 weaver’s garments ” or pieces 
 of stuff* would therefore seem to be the true rendering. 
 “ First quality,” however, might be implied thereby, as 
 this suggests professional work, and not that of an 
 apprentice or assistant. 
 
 p. 67, tablet 58, 1. 10. Namsub tarra probably means 
 the incantation has been pronounced ”, or the like. 
 
ADDITIONAL NOTES 
 
 153 
 
 p. 71, 11. 1 and 2 of the translation. The ordinaiy 
 meaning of “ servant ” for m’ has been adopted here, as 
 the garments may have been produced either by the 
 servants of the king or of the weaving-house. The third 
 and fourth us may originally have indicated the looms, 
 and if this be the case would seem to indicate rather the 
 kind of material produced than the quality. The weight 
 of the four garments produced by the third us work out 
 at a fraction over 2 mana and I J shekels, and each of 
 those produced by the fourth ris contained just 2 mana. 
 The weight of the material in the two categories is 
 therefore so close as to make it no criterion of quality, 
 and this is the case in other inscriptions. 
 
 p. 78. The sixth line of the tablet is probably more 
 uncertain than is indicated in the copy — the last character 
 but three may be 
 
 p. 82. As hil means “ new ”, liu hil may be rendered 
 “ fresh tish ”. 
 
 p. 85, 1. 9. o^Hah-tah gidda may mean “ the double 
 water-conduit of wood has been brouo^ht alono^ 
 
 p. 96. An archaic letter-tablet belonging to Dr. Arthur 
 E. Relph implies that u-na-a-ht should be read as one 
 word, with the meaning of “ my lord ” or the like. For 
 the attempted translation given I substitute the following 
 as being more probable : — 
 
 “To Dugga-mu my lord. Let Lugal-nir-gala give 
 10 gur of house-bitumen (id instead of engur). Lu- 
 dingira(gi) has pronounced a decision (gara-gar mangu) 
 with regard to the cattle (gud-e-aa) on his land (ki-ha).” 
 
 p. 116. In the late-Babylonian text, (5), for 
 read 
 
 p. 127, 1. 7 of text 102. Here guzala(l)-sadhi ought 
 probably to be read as Semitic, in which case it would 
 be Guzalu-sa-dbi-su, “his father's seat -carrier,” or 
 the like. 
 
 p. 129, 1. 9. The characters identified as TIB , iidru, 
 
154 BABYLOXIAX TABLETS OF BERENS COLLECTION* 
 
 are reall}* not so doubtful as the copy implies. In 1. ] 5 
 the end-character should be hi. 
 
 p. 133, text, 11. 3, 8. For Ben-usallirn, Ea-hel-uMlim 
 is a possible reading. The absence of the divine prefix, 
 however, makes the transcription in the text preferable. 
 The 3rd line of the reverse (1. 13), restored in the trans- 
 lation as Ea-ephes-ili, may end with instead of >f-, in 
 which case the final component would be -usur or -nai^ir. 
 
 pp. 138-9. As Sagisii in 1. 7 is almost certainly mis- 
 written, an improved reading is desirable. Perhaps, 
 therefore, we have to regard as being a mistake 
 
 for dir, fir. This would make the possible name 
 
 Satir. Instead of SiMu, his grandfather's name. PiMU 
 (with for ) is possible. 
 
 p. 164. From Poebel’s Grammatical Texts in vol. v of 
 the Pennsylvania University Museurn Puhlieations 
 ( Pliiladelphia, 1914), pi. Iv, col. 3, 1. 2, and pi. Ivi, col. 2, 
 1. 5 from below, my original reading of yifjir for 
 “chariot” appears to be correct. In view of the dialectic 
 form mar, yigir is probably for gl^-gir, with vowel - 
 harmonA", for an original gis-gar, “ wood of carrying,” 
 or the like. 
 
 Note. — A corrected list of the Colophon-dates of the 
 Kings of Ur (Dungi to Ibe-Sin) will be found on p. 166. 
 
INDEX OF NAMES 
 
 (When titles and descri}>tions occur, the}’ are added.) 
 
 A 
 
 Aa-kalla, husbandman, 22, rev. i, 1. 
 Aba-mu, nu-handa, 9 ; a witness, 53, 2. 
 [Ab]ba, Itt gis-ku, 81, rev. 
 
 Abba-mu, mi-handa, 23 ; (no title) 
 25; bronze-dealer, 38 ; a witness, 53. 
 Abdi (?), 22. 
 
 A(?)bu-sallum, patesi, 85, rev. 
 Abzalum, 23. 
 
 Adata, ht gis-ku, 84. 
 
 Adda, 78 ; 88. 
 
 Addu-bani, 85, rev., also p. 23. 
 
 Agara (?)-kam, scribe, 78. 
 
 Agara (?)-nisaga, 12. 
 
 Agi, 52. 
 
 Agua, courier, 92. 
 
 Ahi-milum, p. 23. 
 
 Ahua, snkkal, 91 ; 92 ; son of the 
 nu-handa, 92 ; shipowner, 35, 9. 
 Akalla, 21. 
 
 Al-hula, 37, rev. 
 
 Alla, 33 ; a scribe, son of Lulamu 
 (Naramu), 51. 
 
 Allamu, 51 ; 81, rev. 
 
 Amar-izin, 4. 
 
 Amel-salim, lu gi^-ka gula, 83. 
 Amur-Addu, courier, 15. 
 
 Aneni, 83. 
 
 A-nin-gis, 33, 10. 
 
 Atu, 22, rev. i, 4; 32 and p. 36; lugi.s- 
 ku, 77. 
 
 A-zida, scribe, son of Uru-ura, 30 ; 
 father of Sur-Nin-gis-zidade, 38 and 
 46, with seals. 
 
 B 
 
 Babanna, zahar-ku, 14. 
 
 Babbar-bara, son of Lu-Ba[u] (?), 46 
 and seal. 
 
 Babbar-ig-sag (?), an official, 64. 
 
 Baga, overseer of oxen, 22, rev. ii, 20. 
 Balullul, li( giS-kn, 81. 
 
 Bau-alti (?), 88, 13. 
 
 Bau-du-ku, 22, rev. ii, 1. 
 
 Bazi, 22, rev. ii, 2 ; a grain-dealer, 76 ; 
 a grain-dealer, 31 ; son of Nadi, 
 p. 37 ; scribe, son of Uru-uru, 46 and 
 seal ; father of Sur-abba, 52 and 54, 
 seals. 
 
 Beli-ilu (Semitic), 9. 
 
 Bur-Sin, king of Ur, 29 ffi (Semitic). 
 
 . . . -Ban, son of Sur-sagga, 37, edge. 
 
 D 
 
 Dada, 93 ; scribe of Dungi, and son of 
 Sur-Dumu-zida, p. 29 ; a nu-handa, 
 
 43. 
 
 Dadaa (Dada), sukkal, 91. 
 
 Dadu, 89, rev. ii, 4. 
 
 Dan-ili, ragah, 80. 
 
 Dudu, 27; a hahillnni (?“ bronze- 
 worker ”), 75. 
 
 Dugga-mu, 82. 
 
 Duinu-zi-lugala (?), father of Ura-dam, 
 
 44, seal. 
 
 Dun-bara, 3. 
 
 Dungi, King of Ur and the four 
 regions, p. 29 ; No. 29 ; Dungi's 
 house or temple, 33. 
 
 Dungi-zi-mu, h( gis-ku, 84. 
 
 E 
 
 Ela-garad, son of the nu-handa, 80. 
 Enlil-kiaga, probabl}'^ a scribe, 64. 
 En-litar-zi, viceroy of Lagas, p. 56. 
 En-sag-azag-gi, un-ila, 22, rev. i, 22. 
 En-zara, father of Lu-Ninni (or 
 -Innanna), 22, rev. i, 11. 
 
 A 
 
 [E]-ta-azaga-zu, lugi^-ku gula, 88. 
 E-zi-inu, secretary, 22, rev. ii, 3. 
 
 U 
 
 Gal-alima-mu, zahar-ku, 78. 
 
 Gar-du (or Nig-du), IS. 
 
BABYLONIAN TABLf:TS OF BEKENS r< HJ.ECTK jN 
 
 1.50 
 
 (ii-duba 78; 88. 
 
 Oina, gi^-ku. 49, 3. 
 
 Gina-Lama. woman-witness, o3. 
 
 Gina-Xarua, slave-woman, 53. 
 
 Girsu-ziluna (doubtful whether a man's 
 name), 73, rev. 
 
 (ludea, 12 ; 59 (twice) ; son of Un-ila. 
 39: scribe, son of Lu-Bau, 46 and 
 seal. 
 
 Gulgia, 9.3. 
 
 Gutu (or Ursag), 10. 
 
 <iu-u-mu, mi-ltanda. 23. 
 
 H 
 
 Haljdu, ox-tender, 22, rev. i, 9. 
 
 Habillum, 75. 
 
 Hanini, agent, 21 ; 63. 
 
 Harbiku. father of Lu-Dumuzi, 62, 
 seal. 
 
 Heku-zizi (probabh* a title), 53. 
 
 He-ti, a possible reading instead of 
 Kanti, 70. seal. 
 
 I 
 
 Ibe-Sin, king, 61 If. ; king of Ur, king 
 of the four regions, 69, seal. 
 
 Ibku-sa (Semitic), Ju gi^-ku, 42. 
 
 Igi-gi.stin-ana, 86. 
 
 Inda, lu gii-ku, 84. 
 
 Ir-dugga, father of Sur-mesi. 66 rev. 
 
 Itia, sukkaf, 16. 
 
 K 
 
 Kallamu, 17. 
 
 Kanti (? or He-ti), father of the 
 Marsaite scribe Xaramu (Lulamu). 
 70, seal. 
 
 Kasika, 50, 15. 
 
 Kila(y)a, 85, rev. 20. 
 
 Kinanirki-ki, father of Xin-a-ni, 22, 
 rev. ii, 6. 
 
 Kudda, 78 ; 88. 
 
 Kuddu, an official, 90. 
 
 Kulti, lu ku-nr. .76. 
 
 L 
 
 Lara-ame, chief proctor, 92. 
 
 Lu-agalla. father of Sur-Enlilla. 69. 
 seal. (Lu-dagalla is also a possible 
 reading. ) 
 
 Lu-aniah(‘/), 6. 
 
 Lu-ana. father of Sur-sagg’a, 19. 
 
 Lu-babi, 55. 
 
 Lu-bal-nizu, 73. 
 
 Lu-bal-sagga, a shipowner, 35, 16 : 
 an official, 85, 21. 
 
 Lu-bal-seg, uru-gala, 73. 
 
 Lu-banda, sukkcdu, 80. . 
 
 Lu-Bau, father of Lu-Xinsah, 18; 40; 
 71 ; father of Gudea, 46 and seal ; 
 father of Xig-ila, 59 ; an uru-gala, 73. 
 
 Lu-dadaga, 46. 
 
 Lu-dagalla, alternative reading for 
 Lu-agalla, above, 69, seal. 
 
 Lu-dingirra, 30 ; grain-dealer, 65 ; 
 scribe, 78 ; Lu-dingirragi, 82. 
 
 Lu-dugga, ship's captain, 20. 
 
 Lu-Dumuzi, scribe, son of Harbiku, 
 62, seal. 
 
 Lu-e-billi, 73. 
 
 Lu-Enlilla, father of Lulamu (Xaramu), 
 
 20 . 
 
 Lugal-abba.a cattle-official, 87, 15, 19. 
 
 Lugal-Agara (?), lu giS-ku, 49, 16. 
 
 Lugal-alim, 23 ; an official. .34. 
 
 Lugal-ana-tum, 62. 
 
 Lugal-anni (?), 87. 
 
 Lugal-azaga-zu, lugii-ku, 49, 13. 
 
 Lugal-Babbar, lugis-ku, 49, 9. 
 
 Lugal - dur - mah, cattle - keei^er, 45 ; 
 56 ; cf. also 85, 7. 
 
 Lugal-gu-maha, an anoi nting-priest(?), 
 son of Lru-kal[la], 60, text and 
 seal. 
 
 Lugal-imrua, 46. 
 
 Lugal-izin, farmer, 53. 
 
 Lugal-kiaga, 35, 19. 
 
 Lugal-kigala, 24. 
 
 Lugal-litar-zu, scribe, son of Lu- 
 Xin[sah ?], 48 and seal. 
 
 Lugal-nergal, 82. 
 
 Lugal- Salam, 83. 
 
 Lugal-sig-ea-mu. 14 ; 34. 
 
 Lugal-ub-duga, 22, ii, 26. 
 
 Lusral-uru- .... father of Sur-Xin- 
 gis-zida, 64. 
 
 Lugal-uruda, 75. 
 
 Lugal-zag-gi-si, 87. 
 
 Lu-gi-anna. 32. 
 
INDEX OF NAMES 
 
 157 
 
 Lu-ginsi. 32 ; 48. 
 
 Lu-gis-bar-e, 22, i, 7. 
 
 Lu-gistin (?), father of the scribe Sur- 
 Enzu, 65, seal. 
 
 Lu-gula, 35, 21. 
 
 Lu-igi-sagsag, p. 46. 
 
 Lu-ka- .... 4. 
 
 Lu-kala, urii-yala, 73. 
 
 Lu-Kalkala, 37, rev. 
 
 Lu-kalla, 25 ; secretary, 43 ; cattle- 
 man, 67 ; 78 ; scribe, son of Sur- 
 Gisbil, 50 seal. 
 
 Lu-kani, higis(‘i), 22, rev. i, 15. 
 
 Lu-Lagas, 37. 
 
 Lulamn (or Xarainu), 62; son of Lu- 
 Enlilla, 20 ; father of Alla, 51 ; 
 a Marsaite scribe, son of Kanti, 
 70. 
 
 Lu-Magan, 30. 
 
 Lu-ma-gula, un-ila, 22, rev. i, 20. 
 
 Lu-mai'sa, fish-dealer, 70. 
 
 Ln-melam, 22, ii, 25. 
 
 Lu-nanitarra, 26. 
 
 Lu-Xarua, tcru-gafa, 73 : son of Sur- 
 sagga, 35, 22 ; a w itness, 53. 
 
 Lu-Xin-Girsu, 30 ; cattleman, 67. 
 
 Lu-Xinni (or -Innanna), son of Enzara, 
 22, rev. i, 11. 
 
 Lu-Xinsah, son of Lu-Bau, 18 ; 40 ; 
 71 ; (no parentage), 14 ; 31 ; an 
 otficial, 86 ; nii-handa, 23 ; father of 
 Lugal-litar-zu, 48 and seal. 
 
 Lu-saga-mu-zu, ox-tender, 22, rev. i, 7. 
 
 Lu-sagga, probabl3’^ a scribe, 64, 12. 
 
 Lu-Simaku, scribe, son of Sur-gigir, 
 31, text and seal; no parentage, 
 39 ; an official, 52. 
 
 Lu-uru-ki, son of Bazigi, 22, ii, 24. 
 
 Lu-uru-sagki, grain-dealer, 60. 
 
 M 
 
 Mani, 24. 
 
 Mas, ragab, 83, rev. 
 
 Mas-gula, un-ila, 22, rev. i, 21. 
 
 Masuni (Semitic), the sukkal, 80. 
 
 Matilum (Semitic), husbandman, 22, 
 rev. i, 5. 
 
 Matini, p. 23. 
 
 Musu, shipowner, 35, 12. 
 
 X 
 
 Xabasag, 54 ; 55. 
 
 Xabu-nam?<H'a (?) (Semitic), 76. 
 Xamhani, scribe, 19 ; (no title, but 
 probabh’ a scribe), 35, 2 ; 50, 13. 
 Xana, messenger, 16. 
 
 Xarainu (or Lulamu), p. 72 ; a Marsaite 
 scribe, son of Kanti, 70 ; also 
 Xo. 100. 
 
 Xibri-kiaga (or Xibriki-aga), 64. 
 Xigdu (or Gardu), 18. 
 
 Xig-ila, a brickmaker or builder, son 
 of Lu-Bau, 59. 
 
 Xilum (or Sallum) (Semitic), S3, rev. 
 Xin-a-ni, son of Kinunirki-ki, 22, rev. 
 ii, 5. 
 
 Xisig, 13. 
 
 Xin-zag-gi-si, 40. 
 
 Xuhalum (Semitic), p. 23. 
 
 Xur-ili (Semitic), sukkaf. 91. 
 
 P 
 
 Piliha, 87, 16 (not regarded as a man’s 
 name). 
 
 Pi-sa-hali (Semitic), p. 23, Amherst, 
 Xo."61. 
 
 R 
 
 Restium (Semitic), 24. 
 
 s, s, s. 
 
 Sag-aga, a witness, 53. 
 
 Sagama, 22, ii, 19. 
 
 Sakin (Semitic), 76, 15. 
 
 Sallum or (Xilum) (Semitic), 83. rev. 
 SaiTum-ili (Semitic), p. 23. 
 
 Selibum (Semitic), viceroj- of Sabum, 
 78. 
 
 Su-aueru (?), 79. 
 
 Su-Dumu-zida, 16. 
 
 Su-eli, sukkal, 42. 
 
 Su-elitum, see Su-ilatum. 
 
 Su-esdara, S3. 
 
 Su-ilatum, hi gi-s-kii, 77 ; ragah, SO, 
 rev. (twice). 
 
 Su-Mami, sukkal, 16. 
 
 Sur-abba, scribe, son of Bazi, 52 and 
 54, seals. 
 
 Sur-Agara (?i, da-iiS. 66. 
 
158 
 
 BABYLONIAN TABLETS OF BEKENS COLLECTION 
 
 Sur-Bau, secretaiy, 20 ; husbandman, 
 22, rev. i, 2 ; (?), nu-banda, 23 ; 
 scribe of cattlemen, 68 ; tonsure- 
 cutter, 22, rev. i, 13 ; an official 
 and a judge (?), 29 and seal; Sur- 
 BauM?i(?), probabW a scribe, 64. 
 
 Sur-dingirra, secretary or overseer, 71. 
 
 Surdu, 2. 
 
 Sur-Dumu-zida, 87 ; father of Dada, 
 the scribe, p. 29. 
 
 Sur-dun, 32 ; 34. 
 
 Sur-e-babara, the Amorite, 79. 
 
 Sur-e-dara, 78 ; 88. 
 
 Sur-Enlila, grain-dealer, 63 ; secretary 
 and judge (?) under king Ibe-Sin, 
 and son of Lu-dagalla, 69, seal ; 
 lugis-lcu, 81. 
 
 Sur-Enzu, seer, 69 ; no title, 27 ; 79 ; 
 scribe, son of Lu-gistin (?), 65, seal. 
 
 Sur-Gal-alim, son of Sur-sagga, 35, 7 ; 
 an official, 57 ; 67 (?). 
 
 Sur-gara (? a scribe), 41. 
 
 Sur-gigir, store-keeper (?), father of 
 Lu-Simaku, 31, text and seal. 
 
 Sur-gisbil, father of Lu-kalla, 50, seal 
 and p. 59. 
 
 Sur-Gu[silim ?], 81, rev. • 
 
 Sur-Isi-Bau, 24 ; 51. 
 
 Sur-kigula, 53 (purchase of a slave). 
 
 Sur-Lama, scribe, son of Uramu, 26 ; 
 34 ; a seer, 60, envelope ; ox-tender, 
 22, rev. i, 8. 
 
 Sur-lugala (?), an official, 64, 6. (The 
 first character is very doubtful — the 
 words may be amaliigala, “ mother 
 of the king.”) 
 
 Sur-mama, dugab, 21. 
 
 Sur-mega, sukkal, 17. 
 
 Sur-mesi, shipowner, son of Sur- 
 sakkut, 35, 14 ; sheep-keeper, son 
 of Irdugga, 66, rev. ; (no parentage), 
 87 ; king’s singer, 91. 
 
 Sur (?)-nanga, lugis-kii, 49, 6. 
 
 Sur-Negun, 100. 
 
 Sur-Nin-asila (?), 3. 
 
 Sur-Nin-Girsu, cattle-dealer, 36. 
 
 Sur-Nin-gis-zida, probably a scribe. 
 
 son of Lugal-uru- . . . , 64 ; a cattle- 
 official, 87, 6, 13, 20 ; = Sur-Xin- 
 gis-zidade, 46. 
 
 Sur-Nin-gis-zidade, son of A-zida, 38, 
 seal ; 46 and seal. 
 
 Sur-Nin-kis, 83. 
 
 Sur-Nin-marki, 70. 
 
 Sur-Nin-muk, 41. 
 
 Sur-Nintu, un-ila, 22, rev. i, 19. 
 
 Sur-Xisaba, king Idi-Sin’s messenger, 
 69. 
 
 Sur-Xungala, husbandman, 22, rev. i, 
 3 ; oo. 
 
 Sur-sagga, son of Lu-ana, 19 ; father 
 of Sur-Gal-alim, 35, 7 ; father of Lu- 
 Xarua, 35, 23 ; of . . . -Bau, 37 ; 
 uru-gala, 73 ; sukkal, 91. 
 
 Sur-sah, 19. 
 
 Sur-sakkut, father of Sur-mesi, 35, 14. 
 
 Sur-si-anna, 100. 
 
 Sur-su-galamma, 33 ; 55 ; [88]. 
 
 Sur-ug-durra, probably a scribe, 64. 
 
 Sur-zikumma, 32 ; 86. 
 
 Susum, agent, 22, i, 3. 
 
 Su-uu (or Su-samsam), courier, 42. 
 
 T 
 
 Tabum, p. 23, Amh. No. 108. 
 
 U 
 
 Ubarti, ragab, 80. 
 
 Un-ila, father of Gudea, 39. 
 
 Ura-Bau, un-ila, 22, rev. i, 18 ; a ship- 
 owner, 35, 3. 
 
 Ura-dam, a shepherd, son of Dumi-zi- 
 lugala (?), 44, seal. 
 
 Ura-mu, father of Sur-Lama, 26 ; 
 ship-owner, 25, 3. 
 
 Urraa (Urra), 17. 
 
 Ursag (or Gutu), 10. 
 
 Uru-uru (or Ses-ses), father of A-zida, 
 p. 30 ; father of Bazi, 46 and seal. 
 
 . . . -uru, courier, 8. 
 
 Z 
 
 Zaga-mu, 1. 
 
 Zanati, sukkal, 91. 
 
DEITIES MENTIONED IN THE PERSONAL NAMES 
 
 4>ff. Addu, Hadad (Semitic). 
 Addu-bani, Hadad creates, mentioned 
 also in Amherst 158. 
 
 Amur-Addu, probably Behold, Hadad. 
 
 I Agava (?), the god of 
 
 Umma, now Jokha. 
 
 Agara-kam, A., planteth (?). 
 
 Agara (?)-nisaga. A., is chief. 
 Lugal-Agara (?), a king is A. 
 
 Sur- Agara (?), A.’s servitor. 
 
 rJBJ -*11, Alla. 
 
 Sur-Alla, Alla’s servitor, Amherst, 
 
 66 , 10 . 
 
 -*f -A. Ana (Semitic Anu), the 
 god of the heavens. 
 
 Lu-Ana, Ana’s man. 
 
 Azag-gi {Gusqi, Knski), 
 
 see Kiisku. 
 
 Azag-nuna. 
 
 Lu - Azag - nuna, Azag-nuna’s man, 
 Amherst 47. 
 
 , Babhar or Utn, the sun-god. 
 Babbar (or Utu)-ba-e, the sun-god 
 shines forth, Amherst 109. 
 
 Babbar (or Utu)-bara, the sun-god 
 gives light. 
 
 Babbar-igsag, the sun-god is chief. 
 Babbara-mu (or Utu-mu), my sun-god 
 (a pet-name). 
 
 Gu-uru-te-Babbar, Amherst 63, rev. 6. 
 Lugal-Babbar (or -Utu), a king is the 
 sun-god. 
 
 -A m , Bail, a name of the 
 mother-goddess. 
 
 Bau-du-ku. 
 
 Gar-Bau, Ban’s creation (?), Amherst 
 15, i, 17. 
 
 Gir-Bau, Ban’s foot (? messenger) 
 ( = Sip-Bau), Amherst 31 and 
 Appendix. 
 
 Enima-Bau, Ban’s -word, Amherst 24, 
 
 31. 
 
 Lu-Bau, Ban’s man. 
 
 Sur-Bau, Ban’s servitor. 
 
 -A JJamgal-nuna, 
 
 the great princely spouse, a name 
 of Damkina (Dauke, the consort of 
 Ea). 
 
 Sur-Damgal-nuna, D. ’s servitor, Am- 
 herst 64, i, 14-15. 
 
 *“^5 Damn, a name of 
 the mother-goddess (see Bau). 
 
 Sur-Damu, Damn’s servitor, Am- 
 herst 25. 
 
 f, Dingira, god in general. 
 
 Lu-dingira, man of God, Amherst 38, 
 ii, 13. 
 
 Diigga, see Saggar. 
 
 »->y- Dungi, the deified 
 
 king of the dynasty of Ur, see 
 pp. 13 ff. 
 
 Dungi-a-kalamo, Dungi, the defence 
 of the land, Amherst 54, 2. 
 
 Dungi-dangada, Dungi establisheth 
 (that is, if danga be a nasalized 
 form of daga), Amherst 54, 2. 
 
 Dungi-zi-kalama, Dungi is the life of 
 the land, Amherst 32. 
 
 Dungi-zi-mu, Dungi is my life. 
 
 ^ Dun-sig-e, 
 
 apparently one of the earlier names 
 of Merodach. 
 
 Gin-dun-sig-e, handmaid of Dun-sig-e, 
 Amherst 54, 12. 
 
 Sur-Dun-sig-e, servitor of Dun-sig-e, 
 Amherst 28, 38, rev. 9. 
 
 (^^]),Dmnu-zi{da), 
 
 Tammuz. 
 
 Dumu-zi-lugala, Tammuz is king. 
 
 Lu-Dumu-zi, man of Tammuz. 
 
 Su-Dumu-zida, aid of Tammuz. 
 
160 
 
 BABYLONIAN TABLETS OF BERENS COLLECTION 
 
 Sur-Dumu-zida, servitor of Tammuz. 
 
 Ea (notwithstanding the 
 absence of the divine prefix, this is 
 probably the god of the waters, 
 Enki). 
 
 Ea-lu-bi, Ea is his man, Amherst 38, 5. 
 
 Enki, Ea, the god of 
 the sea and of deep wisdom ; the 
 creator. 
 
 Enki-lugala, Enki is king, Amherst 
 58, 10. 
 
 Sur-Enki, Enki's servitor, Amherst 
 52, iv, 12. 
 
 En-lil{la), the 
 
 older Bel. 
 
 Enlil-kiaga, Enlil loves. 
 
 Lu-Enlilla, Enlilla’s man. 
 
 Su-Enlilla, Enlilla’s aid. 
 
 Sur-Enlila, Enlilla’s servitor, Am- 
 herst 74, 4. 
 
 >->y- or Zueii,^ Sin, 
 
 the moon-god. 
 
 Su-Enzu (or -Zuen), the moon-god’s 
 aid, Amherst 68 rev. 
 
 Sur-Enzu (or -Zuen), the moon-god’s 
 servitor. 
 
 -A Emuna, probably the 
 
 god of Esnunnak. 
 
 Amar-Esnuna, Esnuna’s young steer, 
 Amherst 1, vi. 
 
 >->y- Ezina, the god of 
 
 corn and bread. 
 
 Lu-Ezina, Ezina’s man, Amherst 100. 
 
 Ty Gal-alim, 
 
 a name of the older Bel (Enlilla). 
 
 Gal-alima-mu, my Gal-alim (a pet- 
 name). 
 
 Sur-Gal-alim, Gal-alim’s servitor. 
 
 Lu-Gis-sig-e, Gis-sig-e’s man, Amherst 
 28 rev. 
 
 Gikin - anna, 
 the vine of heaven, explained as 
 Belit-seri, the Lady of the plain, 
 seemingly a name of the mother of 
 Tammuz. 
 
 Igi - Gistin - anna, Gistin - anna’s eye 
 (centre, central abode). 
 
 >->y- ^y^y GusHim, friendly 
 
 speech, or the like (?the mediator), 
 cf. IFe^^erji Asia Inscriptions, iii, 
 68, 51 ff. He Avas also called 
 Igi-Suba, the eye of Suba, which 
 seems to ha\ e been a name of the 
 sungod. 
 
 Gin-Gu-silim, handmaid of Gu-silim, 
 Amherst 54, rev. 2. 
 
 Sur-Gu-silim, Gu-silim’s servitor. 
 
 "Hi" ^ Guskii, see Kusku. 
 
 ■A Sf 
 
 ►H- 
 
 Hani, a name of the 
 
 divine minister of Enlila and 
 Ninlila. 
 
 Sur-Hani, Haiti’s servitor, Amherst 
 
 119. 
 
 -•f <*- + -SI. I'ji-i- 
 
 harra, perhaps the bright eye of 
 life, or the like. 
 
 Sur-Igi-zi-barra, Igi-zi-barra’s ser- 
 vitor, Amherst 26. 
 
 Ilu, Hi (genitive 
 or oblique case), God (Semitic). 
 Beli-ilu, my lord (master) is God. 
 Dan-ili, God’s power. 
 
 >“>y- *"^y, Innanna, a name of Istar 
 (see Ninni). 
 
 Lu-Innanna (or -Ninni), Istar’s man. 
 
 >->y- ^y Ga-tum-dnga, 
 
 a name of the goddess Bau. 
 
 Sur - Ga - turn - duga, Ga - turn - duga’s 
 servitor, Amherst 43. 
 
 -vf -y ^ Gis-sig-e, the 
 
 radiant tree.- 
 
 qfff, ISi-Bau, 
 Bau’s protector, or the like. 
 Sur-Isi-Bau, Isi-Bau’s servitor. 
 
 *->f- ^^y , Kalkala, a deity 
 
 connected with the goddess Bau. 
 Lu-Kalkala, Kalkala’s man. 
 
 ^ Compare the name Ubar-Zun, p. 123, text, 1. 5. 
 
 - Compare *^>1- ^y >y- ^^^y, Gi§-har-^, Amherst 73, 5. 
 
DEITIES MENTIONED IN THE PERSONAL NAMES 
 
 161 
 
 Knnuna, see Ehiiinu. 
 ^ , Kusku, the god of gold. 
 
 Lugal - Kusku, a king is Kusku, 
 Amherst 84, rev. 3. 
 
 Lama, protecting god or 
 
 genius. 
 
 Gina-Lama, Lama's handmaid. 
 Sur-Lama, Lama's servitor. 
 
 *-cT >E’rT. 
 
 Sur-Lasakal, Lasakal's servitor, Am- 
 herst 28, 3. 
 
 J/er, the air-god (see 
 
 Addu). 
 
 Sur-Mer, Mer's servitor. 
 
 *^y , J/aniu, *-*4- 
 names of the mother-goddess. 
 
 Su-mami, Mami's aid. 
 
 Sur-Alama, Mama's servitor. 
 
 Xahu (Semitic), Xeho, the 
 teacher (?of arts and crafts), god 
 of writing, etc. 
 
 Xabu-namukki (?) (Semitic). 
 
 •-►f- Xanna{ra), Xannaros, 
 
 a name of the moon-god (see Enzu). 
 
 Xanna(ra)-zi, Xannar is life (?), Am- 
 herst 98, rev. 
 
 Ura-Xanna(ra), Xanna(ra)'s .servant, 
 Amherst 61, rev. 6. 
 
 ^ 4 ^ 4^ Ty , Xariia, the god 
 of worked (inscribed or sculptured) 
 stone. 
 
 Gina-Xarua, Xarua's handmaid. 
 
 Lu-Xarua, Xarvia's man. 
 
 ^~^^ry »y<^y, Xe gun, a name 
 of Xeho, Xinip, and Sin. 
 Sur-Xegun, Xegun's servitor. 
 
 ■ 
 
 ->f t y< I , A7na,the goddess of the 
 
 Babylonian city Xina. 
 
 Azag-Xina, glorious is Xina, Amherst 
 
 104. 
 
 Sur-Xina, Xina's servitor, Amherst 21. 
 L^ra-Xina, Xina’s servant, Amherst 21. 
 
 »->y- Xin-asHa (?), 
 
 the god of joyous festival (?}. 
 Sur-Xin-asila (?), servitor of X. 
 
 the lord of Girsu (the god of Lagas). 
 
 Lu-Xin-Gii*su, Xin-Girsu's man. 
 
 Sur-Xin-Gursu, Xin-Girsu's servitor. 
 
 Xin-(jiS-zirla{de), the lord of the 
 everlasting tree, apparently one 
 of the deities of the UnderAvorld 
 I see ire^^<er« A.si'a Inscriptions, ii. 
 rev. 36). 
 
 Sur-Xin-gis-zida(de), Xin-gis-zida's 
 servitor. 
 
 > yin-hursag, 
 the lady of the mountain, a name 
 of the mother-goddess Arum, Bau, 
 Mama, etc. 
 
 Lu-Xin-hursag, Xiu-hursag's man. 
 Am herst 66. 
 
 Xin-kis, lord of the 
 
 host, or the like. 
 
 Sur-Xin-kis, servitor of Xin-kis. 
 
 ^4" Xin-marki, 
 
 probably the lord of Amurru. the 
 land of the Amorites, who had 
 thirteen (or twelve) children, em- 
 blematic, apparently, of the months 
 of the year. 
 
 Sur-Xin-marki, Xin-marki's servitor. 
 
 *->T- '^*^1 , Xin-m^^k, per- 
 
 haps lady of the year, the spouse of 
 I-sum, the glorious sacrificer (see 
 Pasaga). 
 
 Sur-Xin-muk, Xin-Muk's servitor. 
 
 »->y- »-y^, Xiiini or Innanna, names 
 of Istar. 
 
 Lu-Xinni (or Innanna), Istar's man. 
 >->y~ >-^y A7n-5^i'a, appar- 
 
 ently the lady of brightness, a name 
 of the moon-goddess as consort of 
 the sun-god. 
 
 Lu-Xin-sia, Xin-sia's man, Amherst 
 
 49, rev. 4. 
 
 3. grand 
 
 minister of Ana, god of the heavens. 
 His name is regarded as meaning 
 lord of the swine. 
 
 Lu-Xin-lah, Xin-sah's man. 
 
 11 
 
162 
 
 BABYLOXIAX TABLETS OF BERENS COLLECTION 
 
 ^in-tu, lady of 
 bearing, a name of the mother- 
 goddess. 
 
 Sur-Nin-tu, Nin-tu’s servitor. 
 
 Xisaba, the corn- 
 
 deity. 
 
 Sur-Nisaba, Xisaba's servitor. 
 
 -*f m Xini-gala, the great 
 
 divine prince. 
 
 Sur-Xun-gala, Xun-gala's servitor. 
 
 ►t ^lyC^y, Pasaga, a name of 
 I-sum, the glorious sacrificer. 
 Sur-Pasaga, Pasaga's servitor, Am- 
 herst 89. 
 
 Salam, Salme (from 
 Semitic), a god identified with the 
 “dark star"’, probablj" Saturn. 
 Lugal-Salam, a king is Salam. 
 
 ^4" ^y^y> Saggar. 
 
 Lu Sukkal-Saggar, Saggar's minister, 
 ^f-^y *^y, Swiakti (doubtful 
 reading — si and i7ia may form a 
 single group). 
 
 Lu-Simaku, Simaku's man. 
 
 Util, the sun - god, see 
 
 Babhara. 
 
 -II STT> Ziien (Zim), see Enzxi. 
 
OTHER ELEMENTS IN THE PERSONAL NAMES 
 
 abba 
 
 Lugal-abba, the king is the elder, the 
 patriarch, or the like, 87, 15 ; Am- 
 herst 90. 
 
 Sur-abba, the elder’s servitor, 52 ; 
 Amherst 75, 2. 
 
 abkigga 
 
 E-absagga, the abode of the happy 
 elder, Amherst 93. 
 
 alivia 
 
 Lugal-alima, the king is the honoured 
 one, 23, rev. ; Amherst 83, 6. 
 ana 
 
 Nin-ana, Ana’s lord(?), 22, rev. ii, 5 ; 
 Amherst 34, 3 ; 35, 5. 
 
 anni 
 
 Anni-bab-ul, Amherst 45, 7. 
 
 Lugal-anni (?), 87. 
 
 azaga-zu 
 
 [E]-ta-azaga-zu, thy purifying is from 
 the temple (?), 88 rev. 
 
 d-zida 
 
 Lugal-a-zida, king of lasting power, 
 Amherst 20, rev. ii, 4. 
 
 Nin-a-zida, lady of lasting power, 
 Amherst 27, 6. 
 
 baa or bd 
 
 Lu-baa, Baa’s (? Ban’s) man, Amherst 
 74, 8. 
 
 babi 
 
 Lu-babi, babi’s (? Ban’s) man, 55 rev. 
 
 balag 
 
 Balag usumgal-kalama, the lyre is the 
 peer of all, Amherst 20, rev. ii, 4. 
 bal-nizu 
 
 Lu-bal-nizu, the seer’s interpreter (?), 
 73. 
 
 bal-sagga 
 
 Lu-bal-sagga, the interpreter of 
 luck (?), 35, rev. ; 85, rev. 
 bal-sega 
 
 Lu-bal-sega, the interpreter of luck (?), 
 73. 
 
 dadaga 
 
 Lu-dadaga, 46, reA^ 
 
 dani 
 
 Uru-dani, or, if Semitic, Warad-dani, 
 servant of the strong one, Amherst 
 50, iii, 5. 
 
 dibbu 
 
 Lugal-dibbu, the conquering (?) king, 
 Amherst 47, 51 ; 52, xiv, 3. 
 duba 
 
 Lugal-duba, the king distributes 
 largess, Amherst 49, 10. 
 
 diidn 
 
 Abba-dudu, the elder who goeth, or 
 the like, Amherst 59, 3. 
 
 dugga 
 
 L^^i-dugga, good man, Amherst 48. 
 dunm 
 
 Sur-dumu, the son’s (Tammuz’) ser- 
 vitor, Amherst, 4, 4. 
 
 dun 
 
 Sur-dun, the hero’s servitor, 19, 32. 
 durmalia 
 
 Dugal-durmaha, the king of the sub- 
 lime bond (of heaven and earth), 45, 
 rev. ; 56, rev. ; cf. 85, 7. 
 
 A 
 
 e 
 
 Sur-6, servitor of the house, Amherst 
 2 ii 
 
 E-anna 
 
 Sur-E-anna, servitor of E-anna (the 
 temple of Ana or Anu) at Erech, 
 Amherst 93. 
 
 E-barbara {-lahlaha). 
 
 Sur-E-barbara, servitor of E-barbara 
 (house of brilliance), 79, 10 ; Am- 
 herst 66, rev. 14 ; 49, 6. 
 
 e-bili 
 
 Lu-e-bili, man of the new temple, 73. 
 
 Edina (see id Edina) 
 e-gala 
 
 Sur-e-gala, servitor of the palace (? or 
 temple), Amherst 69, i, 16 ; 30, rev. 
 
 eli (Semitic) 
 
 Su-eli, the high assistant, or the like, 
 42, 7. 
 
164 
 
 BABYLONIAN TABLETS OF BERENS COLLECTION 
 
 elUum (Semitic) 
 
 V 
 
 Su-elitum (or ilatum ?), the high 
 assistant, or the like, 77, 80 (cf. 
 Su-eli, above). 
 
 A 
 
 E-ninnu 
 
 A A 
 
 Sur - E - ninnu, E - ninnu’s servitor 
 (E-ninnu was a celebrated temple 
 at Lagas), Amherst 23 ; 112. 
 
 epin-ni 
 
 Lugal-epin-ni, lord of the irrigating- 
 machine, or the like, Amherst 2, ii. 
 
 esdara 
 
 Su-esdara, esdara’s (? Istar's) helper, 
 83 ; Amherst 95. 
 
 eUiUa 
 
 Sur-es-lilla, servitor of the house of 
 the earth, Amherst 93. 
 
 A A 
 
 E-sia {E-daru) 
 
 Sur-e-sia, 78, 6 ; Amherst 80, 3. 
 
 e-zi 
 
 A 
 
 E-zi-mu, m}’ house of life, 22, rev. ii, 
 3 ; Amherst 109. 
 
 galaga 
 
 Gar-galaga, Amherst 49, rev. 10. 
 gara, see menari 
 
 Sur-gara, see Sur-menari. 
 
 gi-anna 
 
 Lu-gi-anna, man of heaven’s (Ana’s) 
 
 • protection, 32. 
 
 gigir 
 
 Sur - gigir, the (sacred) chariot's 
 servitor, 31, rev. ; Amherst 91. 
 
 gina 
 
 Lu-gina, the established man, or the 
 like, 48 ; Amherst 86. 
 
 giS-si-du 
 
 Sur-gis-si-du, Amherst 27, 11. 
 
 gula 
 
 Gar-gula (probabh^ better Menari - 
 gula, the great singer), Amherst 106. 
 
 Lu-gula, the great man, chief, or the 
 like, Amherst 81, 4. 
 
 hengala 
 
 Lugal-hengala, the king of abundance, 
 or the like, Amherst 84, rev. 4. 
 
 id (better hid) Edina 
 
 Sur-id-Edina, the preserver of Eden's 
 river, Amherst 96. 
 
 igi 
 
 Lu-igi, the man who sees, or the like, 5. 
 igi-Saga 
 
 Lugal-igi-.saga, king of the luck}’ eye, 
 Amherst 14. 
 
 ilatum, see elituni 
 imrua 
 
 Lugal-imrua, 46. 
 
 izi n 
 
 Amar-izin, the festival’s young bull, 
 5 ; Amherst 2, iv. 
 
 ka-gina 
 
 Lugal-ka-gina, king of the faithful 
 word, Amherst 49, 14. (Instead of 
 ka, the second element, du or e7ii)na, 
 might be substituted. ) 
 
 kala 
 
 Lu-kala-mu, man of my strength or 
 foundation, Amherst 39. 
 
 kalla 
 
 Aa-kalla, mighty father, Amherst 
 45, 4. 
 
 Lu-kalla, mighty man, 25 ; 67 ; 78 ; 
 Amherst 80, 4. 
 
 L"ru-kalla, mighty protector, 7; 91. 
 kam 
 
 Agara-kam, Agara planteth, 78, 12-13. 
 kani 
 
 Lu-kani, man of my desire, or the like, 
 22, rev. i, 15 ; Amherst 52, ix, 29. 
 ki-gala 
 
 Lugal-kigala, the king of the (sacred) 
 place, 24, rev. 
 
 ki-gula 
 
 Sur-ki-gula, protector of the great 
 place, perhaps the burial-places, 53. 
 (Ki-gula, or Ki-gulla, was one of the 
 names of Dumu-zi-abzu, or Tammuz 
 of the Underworld.) 
 
 kisal 
 
 Sur-kisal, protector of the altar, 
 Amherst 38, iii, 10. 
 
 lugala 
 
 Sur(?)-lugala, the king’s servitor, 64. 
 
OTHER ELEMENTS IN THE PERSONAL NAMES 
 
 165 
 
 lu-sagga 
 
 Eii-lu-sagga, the lord is a lucky man, 
 Amherst 2, i. 
 
 Lugal-lu-saga, the king is a lucky 
 man, Amherst 93 ; 99. 
 
 lu-sagsagga 
 
 Lugal-lu-sagsaga, the king is a very 
 lucky man, Amherst 94. 
 
 ma-gula 
 
 Lu-ma-gula, man of the great bark 
 (ship), 22, rev. i, 20. 
 
 mama 
 
 Su-mama, Mama’s helper, or tlie like, 
 Amherst 97, 3 ; 108, rev. 
 
 Sur-mama, Mama’s servitor, or pro- 
 tector, 21 ; Amherst 84, 2. (See 
 the references under Mami in the 
 list containing names of gods.) 
 me{a) 
 
 Lugal-mea, king of battle, war-lord, 
 Amherst 84, 1 ; 49, 7. 
 
 mega 
 
 Sur-mega, 17, rev. 
 
 melama 
 
 Lugal-melama, king of glory, Am- 
 herst 84, 10. * 
 
 Lu-melama, glorious man, 22, ii, 25 ; 
 Amherst 37, rev. 
 
 menari 
 
 Sur-menari, the singer’s servitor, 41, 
 rev. ; Amherst 118. 
 
 mesi 
 
 Sur-mesi, the hero’s servitor, Amherst 
 
 110 . 
 
 nam.-gti-sud 
 
 Lugal-namgusud, exalted (proud ?) 
 king, or the like, Amherst 2, i. 
 namtar'ra 
 
 Lu-namtarra, man of fate (? prognos- 
 ticator), 20. 
 
 nanga 
 
 Lugal-nanga, the district’s (island’s) 
 lord, Amherst 52, vi, 4. 
 
 Sur(?) -nanga, the district’s protector, 
 49. 
 
 nigin-gara 
 
 Sur-nigin-gara, guardian of sunrise, 
 or the like {nigin-gara = sit SamU), 
 Amherst 64, i, 12 ; 75, rev. 1. 
 
 ni-malia 
 
 V 
 
 Lugal-ni-maha, the lord supreme seer, 
 Amherst 98. 
 
 nirri 
 
 Su-nirri, the noble’s helper, or the 
 like, Amherst 88. 
 
 Sagga 
 
 Sur-sagga, happy protector, 19 ; 91. 
 
 Sag-kuS-anna 
 
 Nagir-sag-kus-anna, steward of Ana’s 
 heart-rest (contentment), Amherst 
 104. 
 
 Sa{g)-Ia-iug 
 
 Lugal-sa(g)-la-tug, gracious king, 
 lord, or the like, Amherst 1, iv. 
 salim (Semitic) 
 
 Amel-salim, man of peace, prosperity, 
 or the like, 83. (Cf. Uru-salim, 
 the name of Jerusalem in the 
 Tel-al-Amarna tablets. ) 
 
 ^e-illa 
 
 Sur -se-illa, guardian of the sprouting 
 seed, or the like, Amherst 28, 1 and 8. 
 sig-e 
 
 Lugal-sig-e, the brilliant king, Am- 
 herst 52, X, 25. 
 
 Lugal-sig-ea-mu, my brilliant king, 
 14; 35. 
 
 Simasgi 
 
 Lu-Simasgi, the man of Simasgi, 
 Amherst 102, rev. 
 
 si-sa 
 
 Lugal-si-sa, righteous king, or the 
 like, Amherst 98. 
 
 hi-el 
 
 Nin-su-el, lady of the sacred hand, or 
 the like, a priestess, Amherst 2, i. 
 m-galamma 
 
 Sur-su-galamma, protector of the 
 glorious (??) hand, 33, rev. ; 55 rev. ; 
 88 ; Amherst 116. 
 
 hi-gid 
 
 Lugal-su-gid, the long-handed king 
 (lord), or the like, Amherst 38, ii, 22. 
 temena 
 
 Lugal-temena, lord of the foundation- 
 stone (-record), Amherst 3, 2. 
 
 Sur-temena, protector of the founda- 
 tion-stone or -record, Amherst 20, 
 i, 8. 
 
166 
 
 BABYLONIAN TABLETS OF BERENS COLLECTION 
 
 uga-durra 
 
 Sur-uga-durra, protector of the abode 
 of the dead (cf. Tin-dir, life-abode, 
 the well-known name of Babylon), 
 64, rev. ; Amherst 78, 2. 
 
 liras 
 
 Lu-uras, man of planting, or the like, 
 Amherst 38, iii, 23. 
 
 iirra 
 
 Urra-pa-ur, Amherst 77, 7. 
 
 Urra-ursag, urra (? Nei’gal) is a 
 warrior, hero, Amherst 98. 
 urra-ni 
 
 Lugal-urra-ni, the king is his founda- 
 tion (? support), Amherst 107. 
 ursag 
 
 Lu-ursag-sig-ea, the hero-man shines 
 forth, Amherst 64, i, 8-9. 
 
 Urra-ursag (see two entries higher). 
 
 urn 
 
 Lugal-uru, king of the city, Amherst 
 22, ii. 
 
 nru Tii 
 
 Lu-Uruki, man of Urn, Amherst 106 ; 
 28, 12. 
 
 uruda 
 
 Lugal-uruda, the copper king, 75, rev. 
 uiul 
 
 Hi (or Nini)-utul, my god (his god) is 
 a herdsman, Amherst 53. 
 
 zag-gi-si 
 
 Lugal-zag-gi-si, 87, rev. ; Amherst 64, 
 i, 20. 
 
 zikumma 
 
 Sur-zikumma, heaven’s servitor, 32 ; 86. 
 zu 
 
 Su-zu, knowing helper, or the like, 
 Amherst 60, rev. 3. 
 
 THE KINGS OF UE MENTIONED IN THESE INSCRIPTIONS, 
 WITH THEIR COLOPHON-DATES 
 
 Dungi. 23. The year of Numusda (No. 19). 37. The ravaging of Ansan (No. 20). 
 46. The proclamation of the priest of Nannar (No. 21). 47rt. The ravaging of 
 
 Simuru and Lulubu (Nos. 22, 23). 49. The ravaging of Kimas (Nos. 24, 25). 
 
 50. The year after the same (No. 26). 50a. The second 3^ear after the same 
 
 (27). No 3"ear (No. 28). 
 
 Bur-Sin. 1. Accession-3^ear (No. 29). 3. The ravaging of Urbillu (No. .30), 
 
 35. The 3^ear after the same (Nos. 31, 32). 4. Year of the throne of Enlilla 
 
 (Nos. 33, 34). 4ct. The 3'ear after the same (No. 35). 5. Investment of 
 
 priests of Anna and Nannar (Nos. 36-8). 6. Investment of priest of Innanna 
 (No. 39). 8. Ravaging of Huhnuru (Nos. 40, 41). 9. Investment of priest of 
 
 Eridu (No. 42). 
 
 SiL-Sin. 1. Accession (Nos. 43-5). 25. Year after the ark Ma-dara-abzu 
 
 (Nos. 46, 48). 3a. Ravaging of Simalu (Nos. 47, 49, 50). 4. Building of the 
 
 western fortress (No. 51). 5. Year of the sublime inscription of Enlilla 
 
 (No. 52). 6. Devastation of Zabsalu (Nos. 53-5). 7. Year of the sublime 
 
 bark (Nos. 56-8). 7a. Year after the same (No. 59). 8. Year of the temple 
 
 of the god of Jokha (No. 60). 
 
 Ibe-Sin. 1. Accession (Nos. 61-5). 2. Proclamation of the priest of Innanna 
 
 (Nos. 66, 68). 25. Year after this (No. 67). 3. Year of the investment of 
 
 the great priest of Anna and Innanna (No. 69). 
 
SEMITIC NAMES IN THE BERENS COLLECTION 
 
 Those taken from Nos. 9 to 93 may be regarded as dating from about 2500 to 
 2300 B.c. Nos, 94 to 99 are of about 2000 b.c., and Nos. 101 and 102 may 
 be of about 1800 b.c. Nos, 103-11 belong to the period Chineladanos 
 (648 B.c.) to Darius H5^staspis (485 b.c.). 
 
 A 
 
 Aabbaha, 95, 2. 
 
 Abil-Samas, son of Ibutum, 95, 10. 
 
 Abil-Urra, herdsman, 102, 11. 
 
 Abum-edlu, 101, obv. 
 
 Addu (Hadad), the priest of, ancestor 
 of Itti-Nabi-balatu, son of Labasi- 
 Marduk, 107. 
 
 Addu-bani, 85, 17. 
 
 Addu-idinnam, son of Appa, 102. 
 
 Ae-iddina, “ Ae has given,” 108. 
 
 Agua, a messenger, 92, rev. 
 
 Ahati-waqrat, 102, rev. 18. 
 
 Ahiautu, ancestor or father of Remut- 
 Gula, 103, rev. 
 
 Ahi-su-gamil, herdsman, 102, 11, 
 
 Ahua, “my brother,” 29, obv. 9; 91, 
 rev. ; 92, obv. 
 
 Ahu-banum, 101, obv. 
 
 Ahutu (“ brotherhood,” probably 
 another form of Ahiautu), ancestor 
 of Nabu-balat-su-iqbi, son of Bel- 
 uballit, 105. 
 
 Allanu, ancestor of ... , 103, rev. 
 
 Amat-ili-su-usur, “ keep the command 
 of his god,” or “ Word of his god, 
 protect”, 109. 
 
 Amel-bani, patesi, 102, rev. 11. 
 
 Amel-salim, an official, 83, obv. 11. 
 
 Aminum, 101, obv. 
 
 Amur- Addu, a courier, 15, obv. 
 
 Amurrum-malik, father of Nabi-ili-su, 
 102, rev. 29. 
 
 Ana-Ea-takil, an Amorite, 94, 5 ; 95, 7. 
 
 Apilia, 102, 2. 
 
 Appa (A-ap-pa-a), father of Addu- 
 iddinnam and Ilu-dinam-usib, 102, 
 19 ; cf. also rev. 21. 
 
 Arad-Urtum, scribe, son of Bffi-ahe- 
 eriba, descendant of a carpenter, 104. 
 
 Ardia, 106. 
 
 Arki- . . , , slave of Balatu, the sign- 
 reader, 105. 
 
 Asir-kittu, son of Basinnu, 105. 
 
 B 
 
 Baku, 109. 
 
 BalatU) the sign-reader, master of 
 Arid- . . . , 105. 
 
 Balatu, father of Marduk-sum-ibni, 
 104, obv. 
 
 Basia, son of Bel-usallim, descendant 
 of Ea- . . . , 105. 
 
 Basinnu, father of Asir-kittu, 105. 
 
 Bel-ahe-ffi’iba, father of Arad-Urtum, 
 descendant of the carpenter, 104. 
 
 Bffi ehe-eriba, father of Nabu-nadin- 
 sumi, descendant of Egibi, 104. 
 
 Bffi-ahe-eriba, son of Ben-usallim, 103. 
 
 Bffi-ahe-iddina, father of ... , 108. 
 
 Bel-ahe-iddina, father of Bel-kasir, 
 descendant of a workman, 105. 
 
 Bffi-ibni, 106. 
 
 Beli-ilu, “my lord is God,” 9, rev. 
 
 Bffi-kasir, son of Bel-ahu-iddina, de- 
 scendant of the workman, 105. 
 
 Bel-uballit, father of Nabu-balat-su- 
 iqbi, descendant of Ahutu, 105. 
 
 Bel-usallim, father of Basia, descend- 
 
 Ay 
 
 ant of Ea- . . . , 105. 
 
 Bennaya, 102, 27. 
 
 Ben-usallim, father of Bel-ahe-eriba, 
 103. 
 
 Bilah-Enlil, 101, 5. 
 
 •D 
 
 Danaa, a messenger, 91, rev. 
 
 Dan-ili, a “rider”, 80, obv. 
 
168 
 
 BABYLONIAN TABLETS OF BERENS COLLECTION 
 
 Darius {Da-ri-i-wu^), 5th year, 104, 
 rev. ; {Da-ri-ia-a-wus)\Qt\vyed,v, 105, 
 rev. ; [Da-ri-ia-wiis), I5th (probably 
 better 18th) year, 106, rev. ; [Da-ri- 
 ia-a-wii-u&), 30th year, 107, rev. ; 
 {Da-ri-ia-wus), year lost, 108, rev. 
 
 Dumuq-Samas, 102, 10. 
 
 E 
 
 Ea- . . . , ancestor of Basia, son of 
 Bel-usallim, 105. 
 
 Ea-nabi-su, 102, rev. 24. 
 
 E-anna-gitinalu, 102, rev. 26. 
 
 Ea-nasir, an overseer, 96, rev. 
 
 Egibi, ancestor of Nabu-nadin-sumi, 
 son of Bel-ahe-eriba, 104. 
 
 Ela-garad, 80, rev. (21). 
 
 E(?)mua, 101, rev. 
 
 Etel-bi-Bau (Etel-pi-Bau), 96, 2. 
 
 G 
 
 Gimil-istar, 101, rev. 
 
 Giigala sadbi (or, Semitic, Gugalu-sa- 
 abi-su), son of Pi(?)-sa-Dumuzi, 
 102 , 7 . 
 
 Guzanu, 106. 
 
 H 
 
 Habdu, 52, col. iii, 9. 
 
 amel habilhi'ni, a title, 75, rev. 
 
 Had da, 109. 
 
 Hanini, an official, 21, rev. ; 63, obv. 
 (perhaps not Semitic). 
 
 Hisiliim, 102, 10. 
 
 I 
 
 Ibatum, father of Mar-ffi’sitim and 
 Abil-Samas, 95. 
 
 Ibku-sa, 42, 3. 
 
 Ibni-Addu,thePA-NAM-YA, 94, obv. 
 
 Ibni-ilu, the PA-NAM-YA (perhaps 
 = Ibni-Addu), 95, 4. 
 
 Iddina-Bel, son of Nidintum, de- 
 scendant of Nur-Sin, 105. 
 
 Iddinaj^a, father of the scribe 
 Nidintum, 105. 
 
 Ihiatum 102, rev. 27. 
 
 Ikisaya, 111. 
 
 Ikisaya, son of Nabu-usabsl, 108. 
 
 ilat-ka-Istar, 102, 15. 
 
 A 
 
 Ilia, ancestor of Marduk-sum(?)-ibni, 
 son of Balatu, 104, 2 ; ancestor of 
 Remut-Nabu, son of Nabu-sadu-nu, 
 105, 4-5. 
 
 Ili-habil, a slave, 102, rev. 13. 
 
 Ili-idinnam, 102, rev. 19. 
 
 lli-ippalsa, 102, rev. 17. 
 
 Ili-kar(?)pili, 102, rev. 13. 
 
 Ili-turam, son of Sin-Damiq, 102, 8 ; 
 rev. 5. 
 
 A 
 
 Ilu-dinam-usib, son of Appa, 102, 18. 
 
 Imalli(?)-Sin, 102, 28. 
 
 Imgur-Enlil, 102, 2. 
 
 Imgur-Sin, 102, 12. 
 
 Inda, an official, 84, rev. 
 
 Iribam-Sin, son of Ubar-Sin, 117. 
 
 Itti-Nabu-balatu, son of Labasi- 
 
 . Alarduk, descendant of the priest of 
 Addu, 107. 
 
 K 
 
 Kalam-aha-hizura, 102, rev. 28. 
 
 Kandalana (king Chineladanos), 103, 
 date. 
 
 Karri, the house of, 108 (cf. Strass- 
 maier, Inscr. of Darius, 379, 48). 
 
 Kazidakkum, a slave, 102, 6. 
 
 Kina, father of Nabu-ittanna, 105. 
 
 Kinum, 97, 3. 
 
 Kisti-urra, 102, rev. 6. 
 
 Kistum, 102, rev. 1. 
 
 Kudurru, father or ancestor of 
 Sirikti-Marduk, 103, rev. 
 
 Kulti, an official, 56, rev. 
 
 L 
 
 Labasi-Marduk, father of Itti-Nabu- 
 balatu, descendant of the priest of 
 Addu, 107 ; son of Nur-Pap-sukal, 
 107. 
 
 Lalia, son of Ahi-res(?)-killatuni, 102, 
 rev. 2. 
 
 Libit-Istar, 102, 1. 
 
 M 
 
 Magal-gagadu (?), 102, rev. 25 (doubt- 
 ful if a name). 
 
 Mar-Amurrim, 102, 22 ; rev. 17. 
 
 Marduk-nadin-ahi, son of Nabu-ahe- 
 bullit, descendant of Sin-tabni, 107. 
 
SEMITIC NAMES IN THE BERENS COLLECTION 
 
 169 
 
 Marduk-nasir, 102, 5. 
 
 Marduk-nasir, a farmer (? son of 
 Tillanu, and worshipper of king 
 Samsu-iluna), 96, edge, and seal. 
 Marduk-sum(?)-ibni, son of Balatu, 
 descendant of Ilia, 104, obv. 
 Mar-ersitim, son of Ibatum, 95, rev. 
 Mar-hanikum 102, rev. 22. 
 
 Masiam-ili, father of Sin-uzelli, 102, 17. 
 Masum (? or Matak), a messenger, 80, 
 obv. 
 
 Matilum, 22, col. iii, 5. 
 Matim-saw(?)asti, 102, 24. 
 Munawirbum, son of Sili(?)-sa-abi-su, 
 102, rev. 3. 
 
 Munawirum, 102, rev. 14. 
 
 N 
 
 Nabi-ili-su, son of Amurrum-malik, 
 102, rev. 29. 
 
 Nabu-ablu-iddina, son of Nabu-sarru- 
 usur, 105. 
 
 Nabu-ablu-iddina, descendant of . . . , 
 108. 
 
 Nabu-ahe-bullit, father of Eemut- 
 Nabu, descendant of Sin-sadu-nu, 
 107. 
 
 Nabu-ahe-iddina, son of Nabu-usur-su, 
 105. " 
 
 Nabu-ahe-uballit, father of Marduk- 
 nasir-ahe, descendant of Sin-tabni, 
 
 107, rev. ; son of Nabu-etir, 104. 
 Nabu-ahu-ittannu, 108. 
 
 Nabu - balat - su - iqbi, son of Bel- 
 uballit, descendant of Ahuta, 105. 
 Nabu-balat-su-iqbi, scribe, son of . . . , 
 descendant of Nergal-ahu- . . . , 
 
 108, rev. 
 
 Nabu-bullit-su, son of Nabu-kain- 
 abli, the scribe, 105. 
 
 Nabu-etir, father of Nabu-ahe-uballit, 
 
 104. 
 
 Nabu-idri’, father of Sallaya, 105, 
 rev. 5. 
 
 Nabu-ikisaya, son of Nanahhu, 103. 
 Nabu-ibtannu, son of Kina, 105. 
 Nabu-itbannu, son of Nabu- . . . 
 (? Nabu-sum-usur, Amherst 102), 
 108. 
 
 Nabu-ibtannu, son of Tadnu, 105, 
 rev. 8. 
 
 Nabu-kain-abli, father of Nabu-bullit- 
 su, 105. 
 
 Nabu-kain-abli, nagiru, brother of 
 Nabu-usur-su, 111. 
 
 Nabu-kain-sumi, father of Remut- 
 Nabu, descendant of the reH dlpi, 
 107. 
 
 Nabu-nadin-sumi, son of Bel-ahe-eriba, 
 descendant of Egibi, 104. 
 
 Nabu-nadina-sumi, son of Zerutia, 
 
 110 . 
 
 Nabu-namukka (?), 76, obv. 
 
 Nabu-sadu-nu, father of Remut-Nabu, 
 descendant of Ilia, 105. 
 
 Nabu-sarru-usur, father of Nabu- 
 ablu-iddina, 105. 
 
 Nabu-sitannu, 109. 
 
 Nabu-sum-iskun, son of Nabu-sum- 
 ukin, 107. 
 
 Nabu-sum-ukin, father of Nabu-sum- 
 iskun, 107. 
 
 Nabu-usabsi, father of Ikisaya, 108. 
 
 Nabu-usabsi, son of the builder, 103. 
 
 Nabu-usur-su, brother of Nabu-kain- 
 abli, 111. 
 
 Nabu - usur - su, son of Nabu - ahu- 
 iddina, 108. 
 
 Nahsia, 102, 5. 
 
 Namsir-ilim, 102, 9. 
 
 Nanaa-uzelli, 103. 
 
 Nanahhu, father of Nabu-ikisaya, 103. 
 
 Nannaratum, 102, 1 and 3. 
 
 Nergal-ahu- . . . , father of . . .-balat- 
 su-iqbi, 108. 
 
 Nergal-iluma, 94, rev. 
 
 ■Nidin-Istar, the PA-NAM-YA, p. 117. 
 
 Nidintum, father of Iddina-Bel, de- 
 scendant of Nur-Sin, 105. 
 
 Nidintum, scribe, son of Iddinaya, 
 105. 
 
 Nilum (or Sallum), a Sabite, 83, rev. 
 
 Nur-abum, 101, rev. 
 
 Nur-ili, a messenger, 91, obv. 
 
 Nur - Papsukal, father of Labasi- 
 Marduk, 107. 
 
 Nur-Sin, ancestor of Iddina-Bel, son 
 of Nidintum, 105. 
 
170 
 
 BABYLONIAN TABLETS OF BERENS COLLECTION 
 
 P 
 
 Pi(?)-sa-Dumuzi, father of Guzala- 
 sadbi, 102, 7. 
 
 Pv 
 
 Rabut-Sin, 99, 3. 
 
 Remut-Gula, son of Ahiautu, 103, rev. 
 Remut-Gula, son of Nabu-sadu-nu, 
 
 A 
 
 descendant of Ilia, 105. 
 Remut-Nabu, scribe, son of Nabu- 
 ahe-bullit, descendant of Sin-sadu- 
 nu, 107. 
 
 Remut-Nabu, son of Nabu-kain-sumi, 
 descendant of the reh’ dlyi, 107. 
 Restium, 24, obv. 
 
 S 
 
 V 
 
 Sakin, 76, rev. 
 
 Sallaya, son of Nabu-idri’, 105. 
 
 Sallum (or Nilum), 83, rev. 
 
 Samas-magir, son of Mari-ummi, 102, 
 
 21 . 
 
 V 
 
 [Sama]s(?)-nasir, father of Imgur-Sin, 
 
 102 , 12 . 
 
 Samas-Sululi, 94, edge ; 95, obv. 
 Samsu-iluna, deified king, 95, rev. ; 
 
 96, rev. and p. 121. 
 Samsu-(iluna)-nagab-nuhsi, a canal, 
 94, rev. 
 
 V 
 
 Sar-Ansan-u(?)mim, 102, rev. 4. 
 Sa-Samas-tulid{?), 102, 25. 
 Sat(?)-Bileli, 102, rev. 19. 
 
 Sazisu(?), son of Sissu, 195, rev. 7. 
 Selibum, viceroy of Sabum, 79, rev. 
 Sili-Istar, p. 117. 
 
 Sili-Samas, 102, rev. 27. 
 
 Sin-abum, 101, obv. 
 
 Sin-damiq, father of Ili-turam, 102, 8. 
 Sin-dumuq, 102, 15. 
 
 Sin-ismeani, 99, 1. 1. 
 
 Sin-magir, 102, 20. 
 
 Sin-mandutum, the carter, 102, 23. 
 Sin-mupahir-kaspim, 102, 26. 
 Sin-musallim, 103, rev. 
 
 Sin-sadu-nu, ancestor of Marduk- 
 nadin-ahi, son of Nabu-ahe-bullit, 
 107. 
 
 Sin-sar-ili, 102, 27. 
 
 Sin-tabni, ancestor of Marduk-nadin- 
 ahi, son of Nabu-ahe-bullib 107 
 (cf. Darius, 367, rev. 34). 
 Sin-ubalit-zu, 102, rev. 16. 
 
 Sin-uzeli, son of Masiam-ili, 102, 17. 
 Sip-Istar, 102, 20. 
 
 Sirikti-Marduk, son of Kuduranu, 103, 
 rev. 
 
 'V- 
 
 Sissi (or Pissi), father of Sazisu(?), 105. 
 Su-eli, 20, 7. 
 
 V V 
 
 Su-elitum (or 8u-ilatum), 77, obv., 80, 
 rev. 
 
 Su-esdara, 83, obv. 
 
 Sulaya, father of ... , 108, 2. 
 Su-nasir, 102, 4. 
 
 Sutum, “the Sutite,” 102, 4. 
 
 T 
 
 Tadnu, father of Nabu-ittannu, 105. 
 Taninia (? or Ultu-ili-ana), 101, obv. 
 Tillanu, father of Marduk-nasir, 106, 
 seal-impression. 
 
 U 
 
 Ubar-Sin, p. 117. 
 
 Ubartu, a “ rider”, 80, obv. 
 Ubar-Zun, 99, 1. 5. 
 
 Urra-semi, the dii-gah, 102, 16. 
 
 W 
 
 [W]assum(??), 102, 28. 
 
 Y 
 
 Yarum, 101, obv. 
 
 Yavvaum-ilu, 101, obv. 
 
 Z 
 
 Zanati, a messenger, 91, obv. 
 
 Zerutu, father or ancestor of Nabu- 
 nadina-sumi, 110, rev. 
 
 Beginning lost 
 
 . . . -bu-sallum, a viceroy, 85, rev. 
 (? Abu-sallum). 
 
PLACE-NAMES IN THE BERENS TABLETS 
 
 Adamdun, state (? and city), 77 ; 80 ; 
 84; 91 ; 92. 
 
 Ahsihamar, a doubtful reading, the 
 first character being bungled — 
 perhaps really Sihamar, 104, 
 date. 
 
 Amorite woman (or women), sal Mar- 
 iii, 78 ; 88. 
 
 Amorite (Martu), 79 ; {va Martu), 94 ; 
 95 ; 102, rev. 
 
 Amurrum, the Amorite god {dinyir 
 Mar-tu), 104, rev. 26. See also 
 Dur-Amurri. 
 
 Ansan, 16 ; 20, date. 
 
 Bab-Bitaqu, p. 140. 
 
 Bab-ili, Babylon {E-ki), 105, 4, rev. 
 (date) ; {Tin-dirTii), 106, rev. date; 
 
 107, ditto ; 108, ditto. 
 
 Babylon, pp. 138, 140. 
 
 Bad-Martu, 51, date (see Dur- 
 
 Amurri). 
 
 Barsip, Barzip, Borsippa, 103, 18 
 
 (date) ; 106, 9 (date) ; 107, 14 (date) ; 
 
 108, 18 (date) ; Barsipaj’^a, the Bor- 
 sippite, 109, 2. 
 
 Bit-Medum (?), 102, rev. 9. 
 
 Bit-Sin, 102, rev. 15. 
 
 Bit-Warad-Sin, 102, rev. 8. 
 
 Bennaya, the Bennite, 102, 27. 
 
 Dug-gubaki, 85, rev. 
 
 Dur - Amurri, “ the fortress of 
 Amurru,” 51, date (see Bad- 
 Martu). 
 
 Dur-(h)amme (Drehem), p. 81. 
 
 Duru, 102, rev. 10. 
 
 E, Eki (Eki), Babylon, 103, last line ; 
 105, 4. (Apparently an abbreviation 
 of Eridu, and indicating Babylonia 
 as the land of Paradise. ) 
 
 E-anna, the temple at Erech, 102, 
 rev. 5. 
 
 E-babbar, temple, p. 120. 
 E-nam(?)-mah(??), 100. 
 
 E-Nin-Girsu, the temple of the god of 
 Lagas, 51. 
 
 Eres, an unknown site, 57. 
 
 Eridu, a city near the Persian Gulf, 
 where grew the holy vine, 42, date. 
 (See E, E-ki. ) 
 
 E-sagila, the temple of Belus at 
 Babylon, p. 121. 
 
 Girsu, a part of Lagas, 47- 
 
 Girsu(?)-ziluna, 73, rev. 
 
 Gis-rig-eki, 69 (perhaps to be read 
 Rikke, as a place where spices 
 were gi’own). 
 
 Gis-uha, Gi-uha, now Jokha, pp. viii, 
 9, 58. 
 
 Gu-abba, 47 ; 50 ; 66. 
 
 Huhunuri, 40 ; 41, dates; 81. 
 
 Igi-gistin-anna, 86, rev. 
 
 Imgur-Dungi, 98, date. 
 
 Kimas, 15 ; 24 -7, dates. 
 
 Kinunir (in the name Kinunirki-ki), 
 22, rev. ii, 6. 
 
 Kip, a canal, 102, rev. 9. 
 
 Lagas, 59. 
 
 lu Lagas, the Lagasite, 37. 
 
 Larsa, pp. 117, 125. 
 
 lu Magan, the Magannite, 30. 
 (Magannawe, in No. 78, is possibly 
 the plural of this. ) 
 
 Marsa (possibly the place of the fish- 
 eaters), 70. 
 
 lu Marsa, the Marsaite, 70. 
 
 Marta (see Bad-Martu and Dur 
 Amurri), 51, date. 
 
 Nina-canal, 22, rev. i, 24. 
 
 Nippur (or Niffur), now Nififer, 110, 
 colophon. 
 
 Nipru (or Nifru), now NiS'er, 24. 
 
 Rikke, see Gis-rig-e. 
 
172 
 
 BABYLONIAN TABLETS OF BERENS COLLECTION 
 
 Sabum, a Semitic state, 44 ; 77 ; 79 ; 
 83; 92. 
 
 Samsu-iluna-nagab-nuhsi (a canal), 
 94; 95. 
 
 al Sihamar (a doubtful reading — see 
 Ahsihamar), 104, date. 
 
 Simalum, 47 ; 49 ; 51, dates. 
 Simurum, 22 ; 23, dates. 
 
 Susa, 79 ; 80 ; 81 ; 84 ; 91 ; 92. 
 Sutum, the Sutite, 102, 4. 
 
 Tabtabani, 84. 
 
 Umma, see pp. viii, 9, 58, 70. 
 Urbillum, 30 ; 31 ; 32, dates. 
 
 Urites, 11. 
 
 Uriwa, Ur of the Chaldees, p. 29 ; 
 No. 29 ; dates of 47 and 55 ; seal 
 of, 69. 
 
 Uru, 85, rev. 17 ; 87, 12. 
 lu Uru-sagaki, man of Urusag, 60. 
 U-uru-aki, 92, 10. 
 
 U-uruki, 85, rev. 
 
 Zabsalu, country, 53-5, date. 
 
 NAMES OF DEITIES (APART FROM THOSE IN THE 
 
 PROPER NAMES) 
 
 Agara(?), the god of Umma, 60, date. 
 
 Amurru (the Amorite Hadad), 102, 
 rev. 26. 
 
 Ana, the Sumerian heaven-god, 36-9, 
 dates. 
 
 Bau, a name of the mother-goddess, 
 60 ; 86 (in the month-name Izin- 
 Bau) 87. 
 
 Dumu-zi, Tammuz, in the month- 
 name Izin-Dumu-zi, 80. 
 
 Dungi, the deified king of that name, 33. 
 
 Enki, the god Ea, 60, 2. 
 
 Enlilla, the older Bel, 33-5, dates. 
 
 Enzu = Zuen, Zun, Sin, the moon- 
 god, 8. 
 
 Gal-alim, the “ older Bel ”, 65. 
 
 Gistin-ana, the mother of Tammuz, 86. 
 
 Innanna, Istar, 39 ; 66-9, dates. 
 
 La- . . . -kur, 60, seal. 
 
 Lama — Lamassu, 96, date. 
 Lugal(?)-turdu-gistahha, 71. 
 
 ma-dara-abzu, a sacred ark or boat, 48. 
 ma-kura-mah, a sacred ark, 57-9, date. 
 Marduk, Maruduk, or Amar-uduk, 
 Merodach, p. 121 ; 99. 
 
 Nanna(r), 21 ; 36-8, dates. 
 
 Nin-Girsu, 36. 
 
 Ninni — Innanna or Istar, 39; 66-9, 
 dates. 
 
 Numusda, 19, date. 
 
 Samas, 76 ; 99. 
 
 Samsu-iluna, the deified son of 
 Hammurabi, 96, seal. 
 
 Zuen, Zun, the moon-god, see Enzu. 
 
 (For the deities mentioned in the proper names, see pp. 159-62.) 
 

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