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O I K I A I A, 
 
 O R, 
 
 NUTSHELLS: 
 
 BEING 
 
 ICHNOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTIONS 
 
 FOR 
 
 SMALL VILLAS; 
 
 CHIEFLY UPON 
 
 (ECONOMICAL PRINCIPLES. 
 IN SEVEN CLASSES. 
 
 WITH 
 
 OCCASIONAL REMARKS. 
 
 B Y 
 
 JOSE MAC P A C K E, 
 
 A Bricklayer's Labourer. 
 
 PART THE FIRST, 
 
 CONTAINING TWELVE DESIGNS. 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 PRINTED FOR THE AUTHOR, 
 
 And Sold by C. Dilly, in the Poultry. 
 
 M,DCC,LXXXVi 
 
P R E F A C E. 
 
 T F, in the following little Work, any of the 
 Author's expreffions are fuch as may in- 
 cline his Readers to fufpect he wears a mafk, 
 and that he is only a pretended Bricklayer's 
 Labourer j he moft humbly begs every thing 
 of that nature may be wholly imputed to 
 the ideas excited by the importance and gran- 
 deur of his fubject : On the contrary, when he 
 writes in a ftyle congenial" with the rank he 
 holds in life, he doubts not but the Public 
 will treat him with their accuftomed candour, 
 and that the foureft critic will upon the whole 
 allow, that he has acquitted himfelf as well 
 as might be expected for a Bricklayer's La- 
 bourer. 
 
INTRODUCTION- 
 
 r IP H E following plans (i) being chiefly intended 
 JL for the more" immediate life of gentlemen of 
 moderate fortunes, who may be inclined to build, 
 it will be neceiTary to be rather more particular in 
 defcribing them, than if they were offered as mere 
 hints to the defigner : On this account each plate- 
 is accompanied with an explanatory reference, ex- 
 hibiting, with prec ifion, the feveral general di- 
 mensions of every part and apartment therein con- 
 tained ; and iuch occafional obfervations as were 
 fuppofed likely to be of ufe, are added by way of 
 notes in the Appendix. 
 
 The uncommon method here adopted of pub* 
 1 tilling plans only, may be thought to require fom c 
 kind of apology; perhaps the following may be 
 deemed fufficient. 
 
 It muft be evident to every perfon competent to 
 judge in matters of this kind, that there are ccr- 
 tairi ruling parts of every delign, which being 
 once fixed and determined upon, all the reft mull 
 of necellity be conformable thereto in greater or 
 lelTer degrees of ftrictnefs, according to their qua- 
 lities, and the relation they naturally bear to their 
 refpective fundamentals. Upon this principle it is» 
 that the plans of thofe parts only of each delign, 
 •proper for the owner's more immediate ufe, are 
 lubmitted to the public; that is to fay, the plan 
 of the principal ftory being that immediately over, 
 the bafement. and the plan of the chamber itory, 
 
 B or 
 
[ * ] 
 
 or that between the principal and attic ftories; the 
 compartition of thcfe two plans being once effected 
 to the fatisfadrion of the owner, the baiement and 
 attic flories muft be refpedtively fubfervient thereto, 
 which yet, within fome few unavoidable reftridtions, 
 will admit of considerable variety of appropria- 
 tion, as the tafte or neceflities of the owner may 
 dictate or require. With refpect to elevations and 
 fections, as each plan will allow of dill greater la- 
 titude for variation in thofe particulars, it would 
 hardly be confiftent with the tenor of this little 
 work to admit any defigns of thofe defcriptions 
 into it ; the main intention, in Ihort, has been to 
 give the fir ft or elementary principles of defigns 
 for fmall dwellings, leaving the parts lefs fixed 
 and determinate, to be fupplied by the builder in 
 any ftyle of fimplicity or decoration he may af- 
 fect. 
 
 Another Angularity, perhaps, demands an apo- 
 jogy, which is, that the feveral apartments in the 
 plans are divided by quarter-partitions,(2) inftead 
 f walls of fame I brickzvork, as is the general cuftom ; 
 the reafon for this conduct, are fhortly thefe : 
 
 In the firft place, the diftributions of thefe plans 
 are intended to be generally applicable to houfes 
 of timber, as well as to thofe of brick or ftone ; fo 
 that the exterior walls may be of either of thofe 
 materials, and of any competent fubftance, diver- 
 ged with breaks or recefles at the pleafure of the 
 
 builder. 
 
C 3 ] 
 
 builder* without his being under the necefiity of 
 making any change in the internal parts in any 
 reiped: whatfoever. Further, it is prefumed, quarter 
 partitions, properly executed, are ftronger, lefs ex- 
 pensive, and occupy lefs room than fuch walls ; and 
 as dwellings of this diminutive character ihould 
 poffefs a capability of as great a variety of coin- 
 partition as poffible in the feveral ftories, to admit 
 °f the neceffary conveniences, this kind of parti- 
 tioning will allow every thing that can reafonably 
 be defired in that refpecl, which walls will by no 
 means do; add to which, that as a judicious appli- 
 cation of Lord Mahon's cheap and valuable inven- 
 tion will moil: affuredly fecure them from being 
 deflroyed, or even effentially. damaged by fire, (3) 
 no objection can be valid again ft their general life 
 in buildings of the fmall extent here treated of. 
 
 It may not, perhaps, be quite improper to inti- 
 mate, that the plans here offered to the public(4) 
 were taken up at a venture, from a large parcel of 
 others of the fame fpecies, the beft part of which 
 may poihbly hereafter appear, if thefe Ihould meet 
 with a favourable reception ; if otherwife, the au- 
 t hor will be exceedingly ready to join in the public 
 opinion, and fuffer the remainder to rot in oblivion. 
 Thefe he has now publiihed, if fit for nothing elfe, 
 may, however, ferve as hints for better defigns, and, 
 on that account, be not entirely ufelefs. 
 
 Before I put a period to this introduction, it may 
 
 be neceffary to apprize the reader, that he is not to 
 
 B 2 expect, 
 
4 j 
 
 expe&, in thefe little plans, any of that extraordi- 
 nary latitude very commonly taken, which devours 
 the greater part of the room for the fake of large 
 airy halls and parages, and magnificent ftaircafes. 
 
 Men of bufinefs there are, who all their lives have 
 (idled along a paflage thirty inches wide, or fqueezed 
 up a ftaircafe two feet wide, while gaining thei r 
 fortunes in London, and fuck will find themfelves 
 at eafe, and be largely and comfortably accommo- 
 dated with pafiages three feet, and (lairs thirty 
 inches wide, while enjoying the fruits of their la- 
 bour in the country.. 
 
 Men who are determined to keep their arms a 
 kimbo, and would fooner lofe the point of an el- 
 bow, than abate half an hair's breadth of their ac- 
 -med ilrui, mould look into folio volumes, 
 for fuch the contents of a humble octavo cannot 
 reafonably be fuppofed fufficiently ample. As a 
 it foul is, however, often the inhabitant ^ a 
 little body, lb a great genius frequently chcofe- 
 for his residence a little hole, jufl big enough to 
 contain him and his leather-coated companions; 
 and even Sir John, or my Lord himfelf, at times, 
 with a heart- felt fatisfa&ion, quits the melancholy 
 magnificence of his paternal feat, for the natural 
 and firnple enjoyments of the cottage, or the fnug 
 chimney corner at the Anchor, or the Plow ; fo 
 true it is even in this refpeel:, that 
 
 " Man [reallyj wants, hut. little here below." 
 
 Of 
 
Of the Seven following TABLES. 
 
 '"J'^HESE tables being contrived to anfwer the 
 -*- purpofe of ibmething like a ilandard for ob- 
 taining relative proportions, or proprieties in the 
 parts of defigiiSj either as they refpecl each other, 
 or as they have a reference to the whole ; they will, 
 for the ittGit part, be adhered to as ciofely as con- 
 venient, referving the liberty of adopting excep- 
 tions, when any particular reafon or advantage 
 may require it, agreeable to the ufual latitude to 
 which general rules, for thle moil part, are pro- 
 and neceflarily lubjecr. 
 
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 EXPLA- 
 
t 7 ] 
 EXPLANATION 
 
 O F T H E 
 
 FIRST TABLE. 
 
 r |~ > H E firft column marks the fcveral clafTes of 
 building ; the fecond {hews the breadth of the 
 bed or principal room in each clafs, and the re- 
 maining feven columns exhibit fo many arithmeti- 
 cal proportions of rooms proper to each clafs, from 
 the fquare to the double fquare inclufive. 
 
 Thefe proportions are inferted to gratify fuch 
 perfons as are perfuaded of the exiftence of fome 
 peculiar harmony in numbers thus applied ; thofe 
 who ridicule an idea of this kind will, of courfe, 
 exercife their right; I fhall not here attempt to 
 controvert the notion, whatever opinion I may have 
 formed concerning it.(5) 
 
 EXPLA- 
 
: s j 
 
 E X V L A N A T I O N 
 
 OF 1 if E 
 
 SECOND TABLE. 
 
 '"IP H E fir ft column marks the claries, which (not 
 to repeat any more) is the office qf the firfl; co- 
 lumn in all the fuccccding tables ; the fecond and 
 third columns exhibit fuch breadths of paitages as 
 appear to bear due proportion to their refpectivc 
 claffes ; that is to fay, one third of the breadth of 
 the chief room in each clafs, gives the breadth of 
 the main or principal pafTage, and one-fourth cf 
 the fame limits the breadth of the bye paiTage or 
 paflages ; add to which, perhaps, one half of the 
 breadth of the great room, may be a good genera] 
 rule for ftaircafes of the dog-leg kind. 
 
 
 LK 
 
I 9 3 
 
 | Table II. 
 
 Claffes. 
 
 Main 
 Paffages. 
 
 Bye 
 
 Paffages. 
 
 i 
 
 Feet Inch. 
 6 o 
 
 Feet Inch. 
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 2 
 
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[ il ] 
 
 EXPLANATION 
 
 O F T H E 
 
 THIRD TABLE. 
 
 r T^HIS Table relates to the ftaircafes for the 
 feveral claffes ; and as the heads to the co- 
 lumns are, I apprehend, fufficiently expreflive, 
 nothing feems necefiary to be faid here, in relation 
 thereto, excepting it may be proper to obferve, 
 that the numbers, in the fifth and fixth columns* 
 relate to the rifers, and not to the treads ; and that 
 the length, or going (as it is termed) of the fteps, 
 m the fecond column, is to be in the clear, between 
 the finifhing of the ftaircafe wall, and infide of 
 the handrail ; and that the tread, or breadth of the 
 fteps, in the third column, will be one inch more 
 than the dimension fet down in the table, or, at 
 leaft, as much more as the nofings of the fteps mail 
 be made to project before the faceos of rifers- 
 
 G 2 EXPLA. 
 
C « ] 
 
 EXPLANATION 
 
 OF THE 
 
 FOURTH TABLE. 
 
 THE fccond column exhibits the proper 
 breadth of the windows to each clafs ; the 
 third, fhews the fubilances of the fafh frames; the 
 fourth, the recefs of the brickwork from the naked 
 of the facade to the external face of the fafh frame, 
 including the mortar-bed for the frame ; the fifth* 
 column gives the breadth of front mutters; the 
 fixth column expreffes the ftaff or bead of the 
 boxing ; the feventh column is the aggregate of 
 the third, fourth, fifth and fixth columns, and ex- 
 preffes the fubflances of the external walls, in 
 which windows are to be placed, including the 
 necelfery furrings and finiihings, for the exacr. re- 
 ception of the front mutters in the ufual man- 
 ner. (6) 
 
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 EXPLA- 
 
C '5 ] 
 EXPLANATION 
 
 O F T H E 
 
 FIFTH TABLE:. 
 
 / TP H E fecond and third columns of this tabic, 
 "^ give the clear height and breadth of the 
 internal doorways proper to each clafs, and the 
 remaining columns determine the breadths of three 
 kinds of mouldings to each doorway. 
 
 EXPLA- 
 
C 16 ] 
 EXPLANATION 
 
 OF THE 
 
 SIXTH TABLE. 
 
 Hp HIS table contains proportionable breadths 
 of cbimnies to each room, of the dimert- 
 fions aifumed in the firft table, which are here re- 
 peated to prevent the trouble of referring back. 
 
 Table 
 
E n 1 
 
 T A E L E VI. 
 
 Clear breadths of the Openings of Chimnies. 
 
 i to I 
 
 i»x ib 
 
 Ft. Inch 
 
 3 6 
 
 17x17 
 
 Ft. Inch. 
 
 3 4 
 
 Ft. Inch. 
 
 I4X 14 
 
 Ft. Inch. 
 
 2 IO 
 
 13X13 
 Ft. Inch. 
 
 I2X 12 
 
 Ft. Inch. 
 
 2 6 
 
 O to 7 
 
 l8 X 21 
 Feet Inches 
 
 3 8 
 
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 Feet Inches 
 
 : 6 
 
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 3 9 
 
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 3 ^ 
 
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 : 6 
 
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 in v ml 
 
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 3 ^ 
 
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 EXPLA- 
 
C *9 3 
 
 EXPLANATION 
 
 O F T H £ 
 
 SEVENTH TABLE. 
 
 TH E fecond column gives the fubftance of 
 the floor to each clafs (including boarding 
 and plain cieling) upon a fuppofition, that the 
 girders have not a greater bearing than the breadth 
 of the principal room : the heads to the remaining 
 columns are fumciently explanatory of their ufe. 
 
 D 2 EXPLA- 
 
r *o 3 
 
 EXPLANATION 
 
 H 
 
 OF THE 
 
 TABLES A, B, C, and D. 
 
 I 
 AVING a rooted averfion to every kind of 
 
 irregularity in building, where a poflibility 
 remains of avoiding it, I have, among other defeats, 
 very frequently obferved an inexcufable negligence 
 in the diflribution of piers and windows, and thi s 
 very often, in the bell rooms of pretty expenfive 
 houfes; even when the architecture of the exte- 
 rior has been fo extremely fimple, as to lay no re- 
 flaint whatfoever on the builder in thefe refpedts. 
 To facilitate a regular diflribution of thefe arti- 
 cles, I have defigned the fchemes contained in the 
 four following tables ; in which let there be 
 
 GIVEN, 
 
 w = the whole breadth of the building in the 
 clear, between the fmifhings. 
 
 p = the fubflancc of dividing walls or parti- 
 tions (including their flnifhings) when they arc 
 equal. 
 
 q = the fubflance of a wall or chimney, &c. 
 greater than p. 
 
 c == the depth of clofet, or fliaped recefs by the 
 chimney, when any is intended. 
 
 a = a convenient diftance from trie-center of the 
 aperture (be it door or window) to the fide of the 
 
 toll* 
 
[ „ 3 
 
 hall, &c. to admit of a proper drefs to fuch aper~ 
 ture, 
 
 REQUIRED. 
 
 e = end or extreme piers, including half the 
 
 breadth of window. 
 
 m = diftance ftom center to center of windows, 
 
 when the intermediate piers are equal. 
 
 g = the fame for the greater pier, when there 
 
 are tw& varieties. 
 
 s == the fame for the fmaller pier. 
 
 Then, upon comparing the table A with the tzr 
 ble B, and the table C with the table D, refpec. 
 tively, there will appear extremely fimple ex. 
 preflions, for the folution of fourteen cafes, or va- 
 rieties ; a fufficient number for a work of this fmall 
 extent. 
 
 Table 
 
A 
 
 %»*/ u/t*t£ i 
 
[ *3 3 
 
 Table B. 
 No. L 
 
 c=— 7 — *- ; and m=2C-(-p 
 
 No. II. 
 
 W— 2p-f2C __ 
 
 := t~ ; and m=2e — c-f- p 
 
 No. III. 
 
 w — 3D 
 e— 8 ; and m=2c — c-j-p 
 
 No. IV. and V. 
 e = Q » anc * m = 2C — c-f-p 
 
 No. VL 
 
 "~^2.; and mrr2C-]-p. 
 
 cr: 
 
 io 
 
 No. VII. 
 
 ^ r ~- ; and mr=2C — c+n 
 
 io r ? 
 
C *4 3 
 
 Table C. 
 No. VIIL 
 
 c= Q- ; and mrr2e-4-p. 
 
 10 
 
 No. IX* and X. 
 
 — 21 Z — ; and mrr2e — c-f-p. 
 
 io 
 
 No. XI. 
 e ~ ^ a - » and mzra-f-p4-e. 
 
 e = 
 
 No. XII. 
 w — 4p-— 4a^-2 c 
 
 andgrre-j-p-f-a. 
 
 and s := a-j-p-j-e — c. 
 
 e = 
 
 No. XIII. 
 
 w — 2q — 4 a — 2p 
 
 ; andgr:e-fq-f-a, 
 
 and s = a-f-p+c 
 
 No. XIV. 
 
 W — 20 — 4a 2p-f-2C , , , 
 
 e= l — ~ " ; and g = e+q-f a, 
 
 and s— a-j-p-f-e — c. 
 
7i?8 
 
 D 
 
 ,-^^f^J/. 
 
H 
 
 -v. 
 
 8 
 
 
 X" 
 
 K 
 
 U 
 
C 25 ] 
 
 PLATE I. 
 GROUND PLAN of a HOUSE 
 
 In the Seventh Class. 
 
 Dimenfions in the Clear.(y) 
 
 Thirty-two feet fix inches in front, 
 Twenty-eight feet in depth. 
 
 Scale. 
 
 Eleven feet in one inch. 
 
 Lengths, Breadths 
 Reference. Ft. Inch. Ft.Inch 
 
 A. Hall and ftaircafe,(8) 
 
 B. a room, (9) — 
 
 C. A fecond room, 
 
 D. Paffage to garden, &c. 
 
 E. A third room (includ-"J 
 
 ing a recefs (e) 10 feet )> 15 6 by 14 o 
 by 3 feet 6 inches, (io)-* 
 
 f. A clofet, in ditto(n) 3 o by 1 6 
 
 F. A fourth room, 14 o by 12 o 
 
 J 5 
 
 6 
 
 by 7 6 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 by 12 
 
 i5 
 
 6 
 
 by 12 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 by 3 6 
 
 PLATE 
 
[ ^ 3 
 
 PLATE II. 
 
 CHAMBER PLAN of the HOUSE in Plate I, 
 
 In the Seventh Class. 
 
 Dimenfions in the Clear. 
 
 Thirty-two feet fix inches in length. 
 
 Twenty-eight feet in depth. 
 
 Scale, 
 
 Eleven feet in one inch. 
 
 Lengths. Breadths. 
 Reference. Ft. Inch. Ft, Inch, 
 
 A. Staircafe, 1 1 o by 7 6 
 a. Recefs for light, &c, \ 6 , 
 
 (arched in front) J 4 ' 
 
 B. Chamber (including an ^ 
 alcove of 8 feet by i-foot > 13 6 by 12 
 6 inches, •* 
 
 h b. Two clofets in ditto,each 1 6 by 1 o 
 
 c. A light clofet in ditto ■» 
 
 enclofed with two-inch > 4 4 by 2 2 
 partitions, ** 
 
 C. A fecond chamber, 15 6 by 12 o 
 
 d. A light clofet in ditto, -, 
 
 inclofed with two-inch > 4 4 by 2 2 
 partitions, 
 D.Pafiage with part of the? * k* e fc 
 
 ftaircafe therein, f 7 & *y 3 6 
 
 e. Water clofet, enclofed ? 
 
 with two-inch partitions, j 4 4 b y 3 6 
 E. A third chamber (in--% 
 
 eluding an alcove of 10 £14 ° by 14 o 
 feet by 2 feet) 
 
 f. A fmall clofet therein, 1 6 by 1 6 
 >Y, A fourth chamber, 14 o by 12 o 
 
 PLATE 
 
 2 oi 
 
 o 
 
C *7 3 
 
 PLATE III. 
 
 GROUND PLAN of HOUSE 
 In the Third Class. 
 
 Dimenfions in the Clear. 
 
 Forty-three feet greateft extent of front. 
 Thirty-two feet fix inches greateft depth. 
 Radius of bows in rear, 9 feet fix inches. 
 
 Scale. 
 
 Twelve feet in one inch. 
 
 Lengths. Breadths* 
 
 Reference. Ft. Inch, Ft. Inch* 
 
 A. Portico 
 
 B. Veftibule, 6 6 by 60 
 
 C. A room, (12) 18 6 by 18 o 
 
 fi8 o 
 
 D. Another room, (1 3) 32 6 by J and 
 
 t_I2 o 
 
 E. A third room, 14 o by 12 o 
 
 F. Hall and ftaircafe. 15 o by 12 o 
 
 E 2 PLATE 
 
[ *3 ] 
 
 PLATE IV. 
 
 CHAMBER PLAN of the HOUSE in Plate III 
 In the Third Class. 
 
 Dimensions in the clear. 
 
 Forty-three feet, greatelt extent of front. 
 Thirty-two feet fix inches, greateft depth. 
 Radius of bows in rear, nine feet fix inches. 
 
 Scale. 
 
 Twelve feet in one inch. 
 
 Reference. 
 A A. Balconies, &c. 
 
 B. Light clofet, 
 
 C. Chamber, 
 
 D. A fecond chamber, 
 
 E. A third chamber, 
 
 F. Stair cafe, 
 
 G. A fourth chamber, 
 H. Pafiage, 
 
 I. Water clofet. 
 
 Le: 
 
 ngth 
 
 s. 1 
 
 Breadth s 
 
 Ft. 
 
 Incr 
 
 L ] 
 
 Ft. Inch. 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 by 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 18 
 
 
 
 by 
 
 18 
 
 
 
 18 
 
 
 
 by 
 
 16 
 
 
 
 14 
 
 
 
 by 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 *$ 
 
 
 
 by 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 by 
 
 11 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 by 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 by 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 PLATE 
 
c. 
 
 f/jr////f/ t f/SW/- 
 
 P. V. 
 
 /(>. 
 
 . /; 
 
 i //;;, 
 
 OUsJLjk 
 
[ 2 9 3 
 
 PLATE V. 
 
 GROUND PLAN of a HOUSE, 
 In the Seventh Class. 
 
 Dimenfions in the Clear. 
 
 Twenty-four feet fix inches in front. 
 Twenty-four feet fix inches in depth, exclufive of 
 the bow, &c. 
 
 Scale. 
 
 Ten feet in one inch. 
 
 Lengths. Breadths. 
 Reference. Ft. Inch. Ft. Inch. 
 
 A. Portico.(i4) 
 
 B. Hall (including the arch- -j 
 ed recefs of 5 feet by 6 > 
 
 12 
 
 by 
 
 10 
 
 inch 
 
 es. 
 
 b. Paffage (on the lefthand 
 whereof is a fniall clo- 
 fet, and on the right the 
 way to the bafement) 
 
 c. Another room (including . 
 a femicircular recefs of j 
 7 feet by 3 feet 6 inches) * 
 
 c. A light clofet in this room 
 D. A third room (includ- 
 ing the bow of 15 feet 
 by 5 feet, and the recefs 
 oppofite thereto of 7 feet 
 by 3 feet 6 inches, and }■ 
 the curved terminations 
 at the ends, each 10 feet 
 6 inches by 3 feet 3 
 inches,) 
 
 b Y 3 
 
 13 6 
 
 by 
 by 
 
 12 
 
 6 by 19 o 
 
 PLATE 
 
C 3* ] 
 
 PLATE VI. 
 
 CHAMBER PLAN of the HOUSE, In Plate V. 
 In the Seventh Class. 
 
 Dimenfions in the Clear. 
 Twenty-four feet fix inches fquare. 
 
 Scale. 
 
 Ten feet in one inch. 
 
 Lengths. Breadths, 
 Reference Ft. Inch. Ft. Inch. 
 
 A. Staircafe, 2 feet 6 inches 
 
 wide 
 
 B. Paflage, (15) 6 6 by 3 o 
 G. Water clofet- ^16,/ 4 6 by 3 o 
 
 D. A chamber, 12 o by 10 o 
 
 d. Light clofet in ditto, 3 10 by 1 5 
 
 E. A fecond chamber 12 o by 10 6 
 
 e. Light clofet in ditto, 310 by 1 5 
 
 F. A third chamber, 12 o by 10 6 
 
 G. A fourth chamber, (in- -j 
 
 eluding arched recefs of t 12 o by 10 6 
 five feet, by fix inches) 
 
 PLATE 
 
c.7. 
 
 p.vi. 
 
 (s/rie <zA r pfou ? 
 
 /O. 
 
 ,./*. 
 
 \ 'M, 
 
 t-Ztxi-K/^/cutyr. 
 
ll 
 
 *K 
 
 
 i 
 
 to 
 
 ^ 
 
I* 3i 3 
 
 PLATE VII. 
 
 GROUND PLANof aHOUSE, 
 Compofed of the Third and Sixth Classes.(ij) 
 
 Dimenfions in the Clear. 
 Forty-three feet in front. 
 Twenty-eight feet fix inches in depth. 
 
 Scale. 
 Eleven feet in one Inch. 
 
 Lengths. Breadths 
 Ft. Inch. Ft. Inch- 
 
 12 
 3 
 
 Reference. 
 
 A. Hall 
 
 a. Clofet in ditto, 
 
 B. A room (exclufive of re- ? 
 cefs) i J 7 
 
 b. Recefs in ditto, for fide 
 board, &c. 
 
 c. Clofet in ditto 
 
 C. Beft room, 
 
 D. A fourth room, 
 
 d. Clofet in ditto. 
 
 e. Ditto in ditto, 
 
 f. Ditto in ditto, 
 
 g. Ditto in ditto, 
 
 E. Staircafe, 
 h. Way to garden, &c.(i8) 
 
 i. Beginning of defcent to bafement. 
 
 3 
 24 
 
 16 
 
 3 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 12 
 
 o 
 8 
 o 
 o 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 o 
 
 by 12 
 
 by 1 
 
 by 12 
 
 by 2 
 
 by 1 
 by 16 
 
 b y 15 
 
 by 
 
 by 
 by 
 by 
 by 
 
 o 
 10 
 
 o 
 
 10 
 o 
 6 
 
 10 
 
 i> 
 
 IO 
 10 
 
 4 
 
 PLATE 
 
[ 3* 3 
 
 PLATE VIII. 
 CHAMBER PLAN of the HOUSE in Plate VII. 
 In the Third and Sixth and Classes. 
 
 Dimenfions in the Clear. 
 Forty-three feet in front. 
 Twenty-eight feet fix inches in depth. 
 
 Scale, 
 Eleven feet in one Inch. 
 
 Lengths. Breadths. 
 Reference. Ft. Inch. Ft. Inch # 
 
 A. Staircafe, 12 o by 8 4 
 
 B. Water clofet, 4 8 by 3 6 
 
 C. Paffage, 3 6 by 3 6 
 
 D. Ditto, 21 8 by 3 6 
 
 E. Chamber (including al-") 
 
 cove of nine feet by two>r4 4 by 12 o 
 feet 4 Inches,) J 
 
 ce. Two clofets, each 1 10 by 1 o 
 
 k k. Two receffes by chim- 7 , 
 ney, each, 3 " 
 
 F. A fecond chamber, 17 o by 12 o 
 
 f. Clofet in ditto, 3 o by 1 8 
 
 G. A third chamber (in- 
 eluding alcove of 8 feet (16 
 6 inches by 4 feet,) ■> 
 
 g. Clofet in ditto, 3 o by 1 8 
 H. A fourth chamber, 12 o by 1 1 o 
 I. A fifth chamber, 15 6 by 12 o 
 
 PLATE 
 
 by 1 
 
 5 
 
05 
 
Cy- 
 
 rix 
 
 7 
 
 (/'>'">"' t S'/r 
 
 9&C. 
 
 '>< 
 
 ( (am z/cudk 
 
[ 33 ] 
 
 PLATE IX. 
 GPvOUND PLAN of a HOUSE. (19) 
 In the Seventh Class. 
 Dimcnfions in the Clear. 
 
 Twenty-fix feet fix inches from any fide to its 
 oppofite end. 
 
 Scale. 
 
 Nine feet in one inch. 
 
 Reference. 
 
 A. Porch 
 
 B. Veftibule 
 
 C. Hall and Staircafe 
 
 c. A fmall clofet in ditto 
 
 D. Beft Room /including 
 thethree femicircular re- 
 ceffes d.d.d. each about 
 6 feet by three, feet 6 
 inches andja fmall clofet 
 e) about] 
 
 E. A third Room — 
 
 f. A fmall Clofet in ditto 
 
 Lengths. Breadths 
 Feet Inch. Feet Inch. 
 
 13 o by 1 
 
 16 6 by 15 
 
 *3 
 
 by 13 
 
 PLATE 
 
C 34 ] 
 
 PLATE X, 
 
 CHAMBER PLAN of the HOUSE in Plate IX. 
 
 In the Seventh Class. (20) 
 
 Dimenfions in the Clear. 
 
 Twenty-fix Feet fix inches from any fide to the 
 end oppolite thereto. 
 
 Scale. 
 
 Nine feet in one inch. 
 
 Lengths. Breaths, 
 Reference. Ft. Inch. Ft. Inch. 
 
 A. Staircafe — 13 o by 13 p 
 
 B. Water Clofet 
 
 C. Paffage 
 
 D. A Room — — 13 o by 13 o 
 
 E. A Light clofet to ditto 
 
 F. A fecond room — 13 o by 13 o 
 
 G. A Light clofet to ditto 
 
 PLATE 
 
C 35 ] 
 
 PLATE XI. 
 
 GROUND PLAN of a HOUSE; 
 
 In the Fifth Class. (21) 
 
 Dimcnfions in the Clear* 
 
 Thirty-two feet fix inches in front. 
 Twenty-one feet fix inches in depth. 
 
 Scale. 
 
 Eight feet in one inch. 
 
 Lengths. Breadths." 
 Reference. Ft. Inch. Ft. Inch. 
 
 A. A Veftibule — 5 o by 3 6 
 
 B. Staircafc — 14 o by 6 6 
 
 C. Room, including a recefs 1 
 
 of fix feet by two feet fix S14 6 by 14 o 
 inches J 
 
 c. Clofet in ditto room 3 6 by 2 o 
 
 D. Beft, room including the 1 
 
 recefs of ten feet fix [21 6 by 18 o 
 inches by four feet (22) J 
 
 d. Light clofet in ditto room 50^36 
 
 E * PLATE 
 
[ 3* ] 
 
 PLATE XII. 
 
 CHAMBER PLAN of the HOUSE in Plate XL 
 
 In the Fifth Class. 
 
 Dimenfions in the Cleaf. 
 
 Thirty-two feet fix inches in front. 
 Twenty-one feet fix inches in depth. 
 
 Scale. 
 
 Eight feet in one inch. 
 
 
 Lengths. Breaths 
 
 Reference. 
 
 Ft.. Inch 
 
 . Ft. Inch 
 
 A.Staircafe — 
 
 J 4 
 
 
 
 by 6 6 
 
 B. Chamber — - 
 
 14 
 
 6 
 
 by 14 
 
 b. Clofet in ditto — 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 by £ 
 
 C. PafLge — 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 by 3 6 
 
 X>. A fecond chamber 
 
 H 
 
 
 
 by 10 6 
 
 d. Light clofet in ditto 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 by 3 6 
 
 E. A third chamber 
 
 H 
 
 
 
 by 10 6 
 
 F. Water clofet — 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 by 3 6 
 
 PLATE 
 
C.4. 
 
 P.XUI. 
 
 'roti4-u/ / » n<><rr 
 
 /2 
 
 JL 
 
 ->M 
 
 ■fjtsnw. 
 
 CZcvrn Kycttfo/. 
 
C 37 1 
 PLATE XIII. 
 
 GROUND PLAN of a HOUSE 
 
 In the Fourth Class. 
 
 Demenfions in the Clear. 
 
 Thirty-feven feet in front. 
 
 And thirty-feven feet deep exclufive of the bow 
 
 Scale. 
 
 Twelve feet in one inch. 
 
 'Lengths. Breadths. 
 Reference Ft. Inch. Ft. Inch. 
 
 A. Veftibule (2*) 17 o by 6 o 
 
 B. A room — 15 o by 12 o 
 
 C. Staircafe — ■ 13 7 by 9 o 
 
 * D. A room ^including a . 
 
 bow of 14 feet by 7 J 
 
 feet, and a rccefs oppo- > 37 o by 26 9 
 
 fite thereto of 14 feet \ 
 
 by 4 feet nine inches,/ ^ 
 
 E. A third room — 21 6 by 13 o 
 
 e. A famll clofet in dmofi^) 
 
 * The fquare part of this room is 20 bv 1 c feet 
 
 and the parts at each end 15 by 7 feet 8 inches 
 each between wall and pilafter, and the pilaf- 
 ters are ten inches wide. 
 
 PLATE 
 
C 38 3 
 
 PLATE XIV. 
 
 CHAMBER PLAN of the HOUSE, in Plate XIIL 
 
 In the Fourth Class. 
 
 Dimenfions in the Clear. 
 Thirty-feven feet fquare. 
 
 Scale 
 
 • 
 
 
 
 Twelve feet in one inch. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Lengths 
 
 Breadths* 
 
 Reference. 
 
 Ft. Inch. Ft. Inch. 
 
 A. Stair cafe — 
 
 13 
 
 7 
 
 by 9 
 
 B. Lobby — 
 
 8 
 
 10 
 
 by 8 10 
 
 C. Room — 
 
 15 
 
 
 
 by 15 
 
 c. A clofet in ditto — 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 by 2 9 
 
 D. Clofet in paflage 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 b y 5 3 
 
 E. PafTage — 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 b y 3 9 
 
 F. A fecond room -— 
 
 J 9 
 
 9 
 
 by 15 
 
 f. Clofet in ditto — 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 by 2 9 
 
 G. A third room — 
 
 16 
 
 9 
 
 by 15 
 
 H. Paffage — 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 h Y 3 9 
 
 I. Water clofet — 
 
 7 
 
 9 
 
 by 6 
 
 K. A fourth room 
 
 *5 
 
 
 
 by 12 o 
 
 PLATE 
 
C I 
 
 (J^vc <js, c fficvtw 
 
 Pj/j 
 
 P. XIV. 
 
 p. 
 
 / Jx>nw-. 
 
 /2 
 
 d. 
 
 ( &M' 'j/c/ztyi/. 
 
C 39 ] 
 
 PLATE XV. 
 GROUND PLAN of a HOUSE, 
 
 In the Fifth Class. 
 
 Dimenfions in the Clear. 
 
 Twenty-nine feet fix inches in front. 
 Twenty-fix feet fix inches in depth. 
 
 Scale. 
 Ten feet in one inch- 
 Lengths. Breadths 
 Reference. Ft. Inch Ft. Inch* 
 
 A. Hall and ftaircafe (i$) 14 6 by 6 6 
 
 B. A room — 14 6 by 12 o 
 
 C. A fecond room 19 6 by 10 6 
 
 D. A third room finclud-""] 
 
 ins: recefles d.d. on each : c , 
 
 fide the chimney 18 f l8 6 b ^ *4 ° 
 
 inches deep (zb) J 
 
 N. B. The way to the garden is at a, the defcent 
 to bafement is at c, after having gone down a few 
 {leps at b to gain proper headway. 
 
 PLAEE 
 
[ 40 ] 
 PLATE XVI. 
 
 CHAMBER PLAN of the HOUSE in Plate XV. 
 
 In the Fifth Class. 
 
 Dimenfions in the Clear. 
 
 Twenty-nine feet fix inches in front. 
 Twenty-fix feet fix inches in depth. 
 
 Scale 
 
 
 
 
 
 Ten feet in one inch. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Len 
 
 2,-ths 
 
 . Breadths 
 
 Reference. 
 
 Ft. j 
 
 nch 
 
 . Ft. Inch 
 
 A. Staircafe — 
 
 14 
 
 6 
 
 by 
 
 6 6 
 
 B. Paffage, 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 by 
 
 3 6 
 
 C. Water clofet 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 by 
 
 4 
 
 D. Parage — 
 
 #7 
 
 / 
 
 6 
 
 by 
 
 3 6 
 
 E. A Chamber ■ — ■ 
 
 14 
 
 6 
 
 by 
 
 12 
 
 F. A fecond chamber 
 
 14 
 
 
 
 by 
 
 10 6 
 
 G. A third chamber 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 by 
 
 7 6 
 
 H. A fourth chamber 
 
 14 
 
 
 
 by 
 
 10 6 
 
 h. A light clofet in ditto 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 by 
 
 S 
 
 PLATE 
 
ft 
 
 o 
 
 *\ 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 I- 
 
 
 re 
 
I 41 ] 
 
 PLATE XVII. 
 GX OUND PLAN of a HOUSE 
 
 In the Third Class. 
 
 Greateft Dimenfions in the Clear. 
 Ninety-two one half feet in length. 
 Fifty-four one half feet in depth. 
 
 Scale. 
 Thirty feet in one inch and three quarters. 
 
 Reference. 
 
 A. Veftibule — 
 
 B* Hall and jftaircafc 
 
 C. Beit Room — 
 
 D. A fecond room 
 
 E. A third room 
 
 F. A fourth room 
 
 G. A fifth room 
 
 H. Stairs to bafcment 
 L I. Parages — 
 
 Lengths. Bi 
 
 "ead 
 
 ths. 
 
 Ft. 
 
 Inch. Ft. Inch 
 
 13 
 
 
 
 by 
 
 13 
 
 * 
 
 22 
 
 6 
 
 by 
 
 15 
 
 
 
 46 
 
 
 
 by{ 
 
 24 
 14 
 
 
 6 
 
 27 
 
 6 
 
 by 
 
 24 
 
 6 
 
 24 
 
 
 
 by 
 
 16 
 
 
 
 24 
 
 
 
 by 
 
 16 
 
 
 
 n 
 
 
 
 by 
 
 l 5 
 
 
 
 15 
 
 
 
 by 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 by 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 G PLATE 
 
[ 4* 1 
 PLATE XVIII. 
 
 CHAMBER PLAN of the HOUSE in Plate XVII. 
 
 In the Third Class. 
 
 Greateft Dimenfions in the Clear. 
 
 Eighty feet in length. 
 Fifty-four one half feet in depth. 
 
 Scale, 
 Sixty feet in three one half inches. 
 
 Lengths. Breadths. 
 Reference. Ft. Iuch. Ft. Inch- 
 
 JK. Great ftaircafe 22 6 by 15 o 
 
 B. Stairs leading to attic ftory 13 o by 63 
 
 C. Water clofet 8 o by 6 3 
 
 D. Chamber, &c. 24 o by 16 o 
 d. Light clofet in ditto 6 3 by 46 
 
 E. A fecond chamber, &c. 15 o by 12 c 
 
 F. A third chamber, &c. 15 o by 12 o 
 
 G. Paffage — 6 6 by 5 6 
 H. A fourth chamber 24 o by 16 o 
 
 L A fifth chamber 29 6 by^ * 
 
 £ 14 o 
 
 K. Pafiage -«* 6 6 by 5 6 
 
 L. A fixth chamber 24 o by 16 o 
 
 M. A ieventh chamber 15 o by 12 o 
 
 N. An eighth chamber 15 o by 12 o 
 
 PLATE 
 
[ 43 ] 
 PLATE XIX. 
 
 GROUND PLAN of a HOUSE. 
 
 In the Third Class. 
 
 Dimeniions in the Clear. 
 Thirty-fix feet fix inches fquare. 
 
 Scale. 
 
 Eleven feet in one inch. 
 
 Lengths. Breadths, 
 Reference. Ft. Inch. Ft. Inch. 
 
 A. Paflage from entrance 
 
 B. Staircafe — 
 
 C. Beft room — 
 
 D. A fecond room 
 
 E. A third room 
 
 F. A fourth room 
 
 The way to garden, &c. is at g, and the de- 
 fcent to the baiement begins at h. 
 
 The recefles c. c. on each fide of the chimney 
 of belt room are 14 inches deep. 
 
 II 
 
 9 
 
 by 5 
 
 6 
 
 21 
 
 
 
 by 7 
 
 6 
 
 21 
 
 
 
 by 16 
 
 
 
 20 
 
 
 
 h Y 15 
 
 
 
 '5 
 
 
 
 by 12 
 
 
 
 16 
 
 
 
 b y 15 
 
 
 
 G % PLATE 
 
[ 44 ] 
 
 
 
 PLATE XX. 
 
 
 
 CHAMBER PLAN of the HOUSE b 
 
 1 Plate XIX, 
 
 In the Third Class 
 
 • 
 
 
 Dimenfions in the CI 
 
 ear. 
 
 
 Thirty-fix feet fix inches fquare 
 
 
 
 Scale. 
 
 
 
 Eleven feet in one inch. 
 
 
 
 Lengths 
 
 . Breadths.. 
 
 Reference. Ft. 
 
 Inch. Ft. Inch. 
 
 A. Staircafe — 21 
 
 
 
 by 7 6 
 
 B. Chamber (including the "i 
 
 
 
 alcove of 8 feet by 3 i 1 8 
 
 
 
 by 16 
 
 feet) J 
 
 
 
 b. Clofet in ditto 3 
 
 
 
 by 2 6 
 
 C. A iecond chamber (in- "J 
 
 
 
 eluding the alcove of 12 [-20 
 
 
 
 by 18 
 
 feet by 3 feet) J 
 
 
 
 c. a light clofet in ditto 5 
 
 6 
 
 by 3 6 
 
 D. A third chamber 15 
 
 
 
 by 12 
 
 E. A fourth chamber (in-*] 
 
 eluding the alcove of 8 > 17 o by 16 o 
 feet by 2 feet) J 
 
 E. Clofet in ditto 3 6 by 1 6 
 
 F. Water ;olfifet 12 o by 36 
 
 PLATE 
 
C.5. 
 
 ^urv-umz/ *_Jtl<W> 
 
 D 
 
 E 
 
 H 
 
 1 
 
 A 
 
 U^/o 
 
 P. XXL 
 
 p 
 
 L kcrfa kfoutyt/. I 
 
[ 45 ] 
 
 PLATE XXL 
 
 GROUND PLAN of a HOUSE 
 
 In the Fifth Class. 
 
 Dimenfions in the Clear. 
 
 Thirty-two feet fix inches in frcnt, 
 Thirty-two feet fix inches in depth. 
 
 Scale. 
 Eleven feet in one inch. 
 
 Lengths. Breadths. 
 Reference. Ft. Inch. FtJnch 
 
 A. Hall and ftaircafe, 19 9 by 7 6 
 
 B. A room, — 12 o by 12 o 
 
 C. A fecond room (in- 
 
 eluding the receis of ten ( 20 o by 14 o 
 feet by four feet) 3 
 
 c. Clofet in ditto, 3 6 by 1 6 
 
 D. Paffage, 3 6 by 3 6 
 
 E. A third room (includ-"] 
 
 ingthe recefs of 8 feet > 18 o by 16 o 
 by 4 feet) j 
 
 F. PafTage, 3 6 by 3 6 
 
 G. Ditto, 12 o by 3 6 
 H. A fourth room, 12 o byi2 c 
 
[ 46 ] 
 PLATE XXII. 
 
 CHAMBER PLAN of the HOUSE in Plate XXL 
 In the Fifth Class. 
 
 Dimcnfions in the Clear* 
 
 Thirty-two feet fix inches in fquare. 
 
 Scale. 
 
 Eleven feet in one inch. 
 
 Lengths. Breadths 
 Reference. Ft. Inch. Ft. Inch. 
 
 A. Staircafe, 
 
 B. A chamber (including j ' 
 alcove, 9 feet by 4 feet, \ 1U * 
 
 C. A fecond chamber (in- <* 
 
 eluding alcove, 8 feet J 16 o. by 16 « 
 by 2 feet) 
 
 c. A Clofet in ditto, 3 6 by 1 8 
 
 D. A third chamber (in-.* 
 
 eluding alcove, 8 feet C 16 o by 16 o 
 
 by 2 feet) J 
 
 d. A clofet in ditto, 3 6 by 1 8 
 
 E. Paflage, 3 6 h Y 3 6 
 
 F. Ditto, 3 6 b y 3 6 
 
 G. Water clofet 8 o by 3 6 
 H. A fourth chamber, 12 o by u o 
 
 PLATE 
 
Co. 
 
 P.TOTTT 
 
 ('//<' /s., « /fawn 
 
 //.Jr 
 
 vrte> u7eiit/i 
 

 S 
 
 ■- 
 
 §j 
 
C 47 ] 
 
 PLATE XXIII. 
 
 GROUND PLANofaHOUSE. 
 
 In the Fifth Class. 
 
 Dimenfions in the Clear. 
 
 Thirty-fix feet eight inches in front. 
 Thirty-two feet fix inches in depth. 
 
 
 Scale. 
 
 
 
 Twelve feet in one 
 
 inch. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Lengths 
 
 . Breadths. 
 
 Reference. 
 
 
 Ft. Inch. Ft. Inch. 
 
 A. Hall and Staircafe, 
 
 18 o 
 
 by 7 10 
 
 B. A room, 
 
 
 15 10 
 
 by 14 
 
 C. A fecond room, 
 
 
 18 
 
 h Y 14 4! 
 
 D. A third room, 
 
 
 21 9} 
 
 by 14 
 
 E. Paffage, 
 
 
 8 
 
 by 3 6 
 
 F. Ditto, 
 
 
 3 6 
 
 by 3 6 
 
 G. A fourth room, 
 
 
 14 
 
 by 12 
 
 PLATE 
 
[ 48 j 
 
 PLATE XXIV. 
 
 CHAMBER PLAN of the HOUSE in Plate XXIIL 
 
 In the Fifth Class. 
 
 Dimenfions in the Clear. 
 Thirty-fix feet eight inches in front. 
 Thirty-two feet fix inches in depth. 
 
 Scale. 
 
 Twelve feet in one Inch. 
 
 Lengths. Breadths, 
 
 Reference. Ft. Inch. Ft. Inch. 
 
 A. Staircafe, 18 o by 7 10 
 
 B. Chamber, 15 10 by 14 o 
 
 C. A fecond chamber (in- •% 
 
 eluding alcove for bed, > 18 1 byiS o 
 10 feet by 3 feet 8].) ■* 
 
 c. Light clofet to ditto, 3 6 by 3 2y 
 
 D. A third chamber (in- ^ 
 eluding alcove for bed, S 1 3 
 10 feet by 3 feet8{) J 
 
 d. Light clofet to ditto, 3 2y by 1 6 
 
 E. Water clofet, 8 o by 3 6 
 
 F. Paflage, 3 6 by 3 6 
 
 G. A fourth chamber, 14 o by 12 o 
 
 by 14 
 
 PLATE 
 
C.3 
 
 p.:xxv: 
 
 24-.</(y. 
 
 ). ' >" • 
 
 LA<&r/€> t^cuMt/. I 
 
C 49 ] 
 
 PLATE XXV. 
 
 A Design for four difrincl: Dwellings, united to 
 form a (ingle regular pile. (26) 
 
 In the Third Class. 
 
 Scale. 
 Twenty-four feet in one inch. 
 
 Each Houfe to contain as follows, viz. 
 
 On the Ground Floor. 
 
 Ft. Inch. Ft. Inch, 
 
 A. Hall and ftaircafe, 
 
 24 
 
 6 
 
 by 
 
 IO 
 
 
 
 B. A room, 
 
 20 
 
 
 
 by 
 
 l6 
 
 
 
 C. A fecond room, 
 
 16 
 
 
 
 by 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 D. A third room, 
 
 23 
 
 9 
 
 by 
 
 16 
 
 
 
 E. PafTage to court, 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 by 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 ' On the Chamber 
 
 Floor. 
 
 
 
 
 F. A room, 
 
 23 
 
 9 
 
 by 
 
 16 
 
 
 
 G. Staircafe, 
 
 24 
 
 6 
 
 by 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 H. Water Clofet, 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 by 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 I. Paflage, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 K. A fecond room, 
 
 16 
 
 
 
 by 
 
 16 
 
 
 
 k. A clofet in ditto, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 L. A third room, 
 
 16 
 
 
 
 by 
 
 16 
 
 
 
 1. A clofet in ditto. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 H 
 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
C 5' ] 
 
 APPENDIX- 
 
 r I v H E notes hereto fubjoined, contain fundry 
 A remarks upon the foregoing Defigns ; and 
 as far as they go, and mall happen to meet with the 
 reader's approbation, they may be looked upon as 
 fo many architectural Maxims or Aphorifms : but 
 previous thereto, I hope I fhall ftand excufed, if by 
 way of relaxation, from the dry exercife of meafur- 
 ing plans, I indulge in a few Mifcellaneous ob- 
 fervations and reflections, juft as they happen to 
 rife in my mind. The, reader will, perhaps, now 
 and then, be led a little from the point; but 
 when that happens, it is hoped, the itep or two 
 he may take out of the main path, may lead him 
 to fome thing, not totally uninteresting, or uncon- 
 H 2 ne&ed 
 
[ 5* 3 
 
 iiected withthc matter in hand, although, perhaps, 
 not always entirely original. 
 
 Almoft every man, poffefTed of a competency, 
 is naturally defirous of a refidence in the Country, 
 and in profecuting a fearch for a fuitable dwel- 
 ling, often me.ets with a variety of disappointments. 
 In one place, if the Country and the profpedbs are 
 approved of, the Houfe is execrable ; if the 
 Houfe fuitable, its fltuation ill chofen; if both 
 agreeable, the Houfe, if new, has perhaps been built 
 for Sale by a Speculator, and its durability may be 
 fufpicims ; (and if it has not been regularly inha- 
 bited, many effentials in drainage, and other 
 fecret works, may have been omitted, which 
 may not be difcovered, or indeed difcoverable, 
 'till it has been fomc time inhabited) and if the 
 Houfe ihould be oM, the expence of necefiary 
 repairs, together with alterations and improvments, 
 (which, notwithftanding its general fitnefs and 
 fuitability, will for the moft part be found in- 
 difpenfible) may chance to exceed the coft of a 
 new building, and after all, be at once, a mo- 
 nument of reproach, and a fource of difguft to 
 the owner. Inftances of this kind have fo 
 frequently happened, that it is not a little to be 
 wondered at, that they ihould be repeated fo 
 often, as they really are. That a misfortune of 
 this kind may not overtake the reader, it will 
 be advifabk for him to purfue the following 
 
 fimple 
 
L 53 ] 
 
 fimple method, which is, that when ever he is 
 poflcfled of an old Houfe, and has fixed upon fuck. 
 alterations, and improvements, as fhall be prac- 
 ticable, and conformable to his tafte, that he do 
 caufe an eftimatc to be made, of the expence 
 thereof, together with that of the neceflarv re- 
 pairs, as near the truth as poffible : all this, it 
 may be faid, he will naturally do of courie, 
 but he mull not flop here ; he fhould then double 
 the amount of fitch cfiimate, and he will then be 
 pofiefled of, perhaps, the nearer! average that 
 can be fixed upon, in a matter ib very vague in 
 its nature, but which, however, in a general 
 view, practice has difcovered to be not very 
 wide of the truth, as many Gentlemen can very 
 
 feelingly teftify, on their own perfonal know- 
 ledge and experience. 
 
 This being done, let him procure a defign upon 
 paper, of a new Houfe, in all refpecls agreeable 
 to him, fo far as he may be capable of judging; 
 but from whomibever he procures this delism, 
 whether it be from fome Fan-painter, 'Toy-man, 
 Lace-man, Paper-hanger, or Undertaker, let him 
 beware of the fafcination of colour and decoration; 
 and that his judgment may be in the lefs danger of 
 being milled, let the drawings be made very 
 plain and fimple, to a moderately fmall fcale, 
 that the whole may lay within compafs of his 
 eye, without being under the neceility of moving 
 
 his 
 
C 54 ] 
 
 his head to examine any of the extreme parts ; 
 if bare lines are not fufficient for him, let him, 
 however, forbid all colouring, but that of Indian 
 Ink, until he has determined upon his defign; 
 after which, his architect may difplay his talents, 
 as a painter, or colourift, without any danger : 
 but before he comes to a pofitive determination of 
 his defign, even upon paper, if it happens to be 
 the production of a wonderful genius, not of the 
 profeffion, it will not be unwife in him to con- 
 fult fome clumfy mechanic, or other, who can 
 readily diftinguiih a brick from a pantile, in 
 order to know whether fuch deiign happens to 
 be practicable, or not ; left the impajfioned move- 
 ment of his elevation mould miflead him to over- 
 look his plans, until they are carried into execu- 
 tion, fo far, as to convince him that his favourite 
 wonderful genius turns out to be no very won- 
 derful conjurer. If he happens to be open to fuch 
 conviction, which is not the cafe, with every 
 o-entleman fo circumftanced ; for with peculiar 
 adroitnefs, the wonderful genius will fo manage 
 the matter, as to faddle the workmen with the 
 whole blame, if the gentleman does not think 
 proper, to take the load of confequences upon 
 his own moulders, which fome have very com- 
 plaifantly done, in favour of the wonderful genius. 
 
 The gentleman who would proceed with con- 
 fidence, in a journey through bricks and mortar, 
 
 and 
 
C 55 J 
 
 and enjoy a clear view of the termination of his 
 labours, with all the bye and crooked ways that 
 lead thereto; together with the pitfalls of the 
 unrighteous Mammon which intervene ; fo as to 
 fecure the one, and efcape the others, will, per- 
 haps, purfue the remaining fteps I have taken 
 the liberty of marking out for him ; the firffc of 
 which is, that he do caufe a complete, though plain 
 model, of the defign he has fixed upon, to be 
 made very accurately, to a fcale, of at leaft a 
 quarter of an inch to a foot ; the feveral ftories 
 to be contrived, fo as to lift on and off at pleafure, 
 that every part may be cafily, and minutely, 
 fcrutinized and meafured. Gentlemen who have 
 not been fo far converfant in plans, as to judge 
 therefrom with certainty, ought not to grudge 
 the trifling charge of three, four, or five guineas, 
 fof a toy of this kind ; the information and ad- 
 vantages he will derive from it, may prevent 
 much of the opprobrious work of alteration, five 
 him a great deal of trouble, and a conftderable fum 
 of money. Being pollened of fuch a model, and ha- 
 ving obtained thereby a clear and fatisfadtory idea 
 of the forms, fituations, connections, and depen- 
 dancies of the feveral apartments, his next 
 ftep will be, to minute down the general dimen- 
 sions of fuch of them, at leaft, as are of the 
 greateft confequence ; and in order to fatisfy him- 
 ielf of the competency of their magnitudes, 
 
 let 
 
[ 5« ] 
 
 let him try the dimenfions of feveral rooms, of 
 fimilar defcriptions, in the houies of his friends, 
 'till he meets with fuch, as mall agree fo nearly 
 with his minutes, as to leave no doubt upon his 
 mind of the fufficiency or infufficiency of the 
 capacities of the apartments in his model. 
 This mould by no means be conlidered as a ufelefs 
 trouble ; the ideas we form of magnitudes, are 
 often- exceedingly decepcious, and therefore the 
 beft, and moft certain means fhould be ufed to 
 regulate and correct them, which undoubtedly is 
 that recommended above. As to the common 
 method of meafuring out the lengths and breadths 
 of the intended apartments, in the open air, or 
 in lbme very large room, and fetting chairs, 
 tables, or fcrcens, to confine their dimenfions, 
 and fhape their forms ; this method will, by no 
 means, aniwer the purpofe fo well ; a tolerable 
 good room, tried in this way, will appear con- 
 fined and trifling. 
 
 Having proceeded thus far, it will be ad- 
 vifeable to p rocure a few blocks of wood, 
 cut out by the fcale of the model, to the proper 
 general dimenfions, the mapes of bed-fteds, 
 tables, ch.;irs, and other common pieces of 
 furniture ; the placing which, in the apart- 
 ments of the model, with the ladies ailiftance, 
 will be of confiderable life in judging of the 
 cor.vcnicncies of the defigii. He will now, of 
 
 courfe, 
 
L 57 ] 
 
 courfe, be qualified to decide upon the merits of 
 his model ; and if he can difcover no material de- 
 fects, may call in his friends, and his foes too, 
 if he pleafes, and fubmit the whole to their 
 criticifm ; there is no doubt but that he will be 
 well enabled to avail himfelf of fiich advice, as 
 fhall be really fenfible and proper, and will eafily 
 diftinguifh it, from fuch as may be dictated by 
 mere whim, or caprice, and the refult will de- 
 termine him, whether he fhall adopt the model 
 as it ftands,or with any practicable improvements ; 
 or whether he mail throw it into the fire, and 
 procure another, formed upon better principals, 
 and repeat his whole operation over again. It 
 will be exceedingly well worth his while, if he 
 cannot fix for himfelf, to let his friends alter, 
 mangle, and burn three or four models, one after 
 another, 'till he has at length fatisfied them all, 
 and himfelf too, if poffible : but let him be re- 
 folute in this one fingle point, which is, that he does 
 not by any means fttffer a Jlick or a Jfone of his build- 
 ing to be altered, after it is once begun, let friends or 
 foes fay what they will. His defign having pafTed 
 the fiery ordeal, and the model thereof being pro- 
 nounced perfect; in all refpects, let him caufe a 
 a very exact eftimate to be made of the expence 
 of building, and finiihing the houfe, and ren- 
 dering the fame in every the minuteft refpect 
 compleatly fit for habitation, which may be done 
 
 I with 
 
[ 53 ] 
 with certainty, to a (ingle farthing, if the tex- 
 ture of the foundation is known, and the quali- 
 ties of materials, and manner of finiihing, are 
 previoufly fettled and agreed upon ; then deduct- 
 ing the value of the materials of the old houfe, 
 from the faid eflimate, the remit' will determine 
 him upon which mode to fix, with a degree of 
 certainty, not often enjoyed by dablers in bricks 
 and mortar ; but in order to arrive at this mea- 
 fure of certainty, the eitimates of his repairs, 
 alterations and improvements, of his old houfe, 
 and of building the new one, muft be made by a 
 builder of experience and probity, fuch a one will 
 fairly inform his employer, that in the eflimate of 
 his old houfe, he has included every item he could 
 by every means in his power difcover ; but that not 
 being pofleffed of the unnatural faculty of feeing 
 through opaquebodies, apofiibility remains of the 
 exiftence of defects, totally undilcoverable, 'till 
 laid open to the face of day. The conjectures, how- 
 ever, of fuchaman, founded upon the ftate of vifi- 
 ble things, may in fome meafure furnifh hints to 
 guefs at thofe which are invifible, and thereby 
 prepare the gentleman for the event of confe- 
 quences. It is not every builder who will think 
 proper to adopt this undifguifed mode of pro- 
 ceeding ; the general maxim is, to hold out every 
 motive, likely to engage the gentleman to begin, 
 and it follows, of courfe, that he muft perfevere 
 
 to 
 
C 59 3 
 
 to the rmifhing, fome how or other y in the befi Man- 
 ner he can. 
 
 Let it be now fnppofed that, all things confider- 
 ed, it will be moll for the Gentleman's credit and 
 intereft to build, and that he has fixed upon his 
 model, which he may now venture to finim up 
 with colours, and other decorations proper to the 
 defign, and fubmit it (if he has not done fo be- 
 fore) to the infpedt-ion of the Ladies of his houfe- 
 hold, their refined tafte in ornate matters, their 
 fuperior judgment in all the affairs relating to do- 
 meflic oeconomy, renders their opinion of the 
 higheft coniequence ; and I have known inflances 
 where a neglect of their advice has not only 
 left the building effentially inconvenient and im- 
 perfect, but has, moreover, occafioned a dif- 
 gufting gloom to reign in all the apartments, and 
 lowering brows to fhadow the faces of all the do- 
 meftics for years. 
 
 Prefuming the Gentleman's good fenfe and par- 
 tiality for the fair, hightened by a proper zeal 
 for the protection of them in all their domeilie 
 rights and privileges, will render any enlarge- 
 ment upon this hint entirely unneceffary, we will 
 fuppofe the model fettled in all reipe&s, and that 
 the Gentleman, has zvifely and firmly refolved, at all 
 events t to abide by it. The next ftep, is to have a 
 full and clear description of every part of the 
 I 2 building, 
 
[ 60 ] 
 
 buiding, drawn up with the utmoft care and pre^ 
 caution ; in which the qualities, forms, and mag- 
 nitudes of all the materials, and the manner of 
 conftructing, connecting, finifhing, and even de- 
 corating them, mould be minutely let down, and 
 this mould be accompanied with rectified plans, 
 elevations, and fections, and alfo, particular ex- 
 planatory fketches or drawings, for all fuch arti- 
 cles as verbal defcription will not furnifh a clear 
 and expremvc idea of; to thefe a contract mould 
 be annexed, containing the cuftomary covenants, 
 together with fuch others as may be judged ne- 
 ceflary, and which the following general intimati- 
 ons may lead to, viz. that the contractfor the whole 
 be made with one per/on only, (27) or if with more 
 than one perfon, that each and every of them 
 ihould be equally bound to execute each, and every 
 part of the whole contract:. 
 
 That the contractor mould be under obligation 
 to perform every work neceffary to render the 
 building perfect and cornpleat, in every refpect, 
 agreeable to the general tenor, intent and mean- 
 ing of the defcription thereof; although fuch 
 work may not be particularly mentioned in fuch 
 defcription, fo that no extras whatfoever mould 
 be chargeable to the gentleman, except for fuch 
 works only, as mall be in expreis terms excluded 
 from the contract ; fuch as artificial, or extraordi- 
 nary foundations, or variations from the dciign 
 adopted, kc. 
 
 That 
 
C «« 3 
 
 That if the perfon who furnifhes thedefign and 
 eftimate, be pitched upon to contract for its exe- 
 cution (which is now very commonly done, and in 
 general is by much the beft way, (28) provided 
 the gentleman, by way of cheque, reierves to 
 himfelf a right tocaufe the works to be meafured 
 as they goon, notzvithjlanding fuch contract, if be 
 fiould be inclined fo to do) and that the whole mould 
 be fairly arbitrated, and be fettled at fuch arbi- 
 tration, if their value mould turn out considerably 
 fhort of the fum contracted for, after adding 
 thereto a competent confideration for the defign 
 t or defigns, for directing and fuperintending the 
 works, and for travelling and other reafonable ex- 
 pences incident to the fame. Then, from the 
 whole amount, deducting the Gentleman's ex- 
 pences of meafuring, the builder fhould be 
 obliged to accept the reduced amount, arifing from 
 iuch admeafurement, in full fatisfaction for the 
 works, inftead of the larger fum inferted in the 
 contract. On the contrary, if the rcfult of fuch 
 arbitration mould very nearly amount unto, or 
 {hould exceed the film contracted for, the whole 
 cxpence of fuch admeafuration and valuation, &c. 
 {hould be paid by the gentleman, but the builder 
 mould be intituled to no more for his works than 
 the original fum contracted for. It may be very 
 properly obferved in this cafe, that the gentle- 
 man has an undoubted right to be fatisfied, at 
 
 bis oivn cxpence, and the builder, fo far from be- 
 ing 
 
■ i 6* i 
 
 i«g injured by an examination of this kind, will 
 receive the whole fum agreed for, together with" 
 a proper confederation for his fhare of trouble 
 and expcnce incurred by fuch examination, and 
 the addition of deferved teftimonals of his honour 
 and integrity. This would be the proper mode of 
 proceeding : in the firft inftance, thofe gentlemen 
 deceive themfelves grofly, who poftpone an exa- 
 mination into the juftncfs of a charge of this na- 
 ture, until the building is finimed : in many cafes 
 the thing is then impomble, and, upon the whole, 
 with very few exceptions, is, at beft, but very- 
 uncertain, though the procefs is laborious, tedious, 
 and cxpenfive. 
 
 The truth of what is here afferted, may be de- 
 pended upon, in oppofition to whatever may be 
 affirmed to the contrary, by the finefle of the in- 
 terefted artift, or the effrontery of the quackifh 
 pretender. Builders have been blamed, and too 
 often juftly fo, for practiiing deceit with their 
 employers, in contriving a long train of extras 
 in a new building, after they had drawn them in 
 to build by a particular, deplorably and infa- 
 moufly deficient and imperfect, either from 
 negligence, ignorance, or a fludied contrivance, 
 to the great mortification of the gentleman fo 
 duped ; but on the other hand, gentlemen have 
 not unfrcquenrly (from not being properly de- 
 termined in the compartition of their build- 
 ing) 
 
[ 63 3 
 
 ing) occrtftoned fuch alterations, as to fwell the 
 amount very confiderably, and very often, at the 
 fame time, cripple their building. Here the 
 builder is blamelefsj though few, very few, 
 gentlemen, thus circumftanced, will take the 
 fault to themfelves. The great difference, fre- 
 quently, between the eftimate of a building, be- 
 fore it is begun, and the amount thereof when 
 fmifhed, having often been productive of difa- 
 greeable and expenfive contefts, between gentle- 
 man and builder ; and the iflues thereof feklom 
 turning out to the fatisfacrion, or indeed much to 
 the credit of either. Some artifts, in confiderable 
 reputation with their employers, have wifely de- 
 termined to make the fum large enough to 
 
 ALLOW FOR ALTERATIONS, IF ANY SHOULD HAP- 
 PEN TO be ordered. If their employer is fa- 
 tisfied with the defign, as originallv made, and 
 occafions no alteration therein ; or if the altera- 
 tions are trifling, all is well ; the building did 
 not exceed the eftimate ; a good round fum refts 
 fecurely in the artilt's pocket, and he is careflcd 
 and recommended, as the only man of integrity* 
 
 This ingenious contrivance for obtaining riches 
 and fame, has been improved upon by fome in 
 the following manner ; They will return a part 
 of the added fum (the whole of which, perhaps, 
 in molt cafes, they ought to return) to the right 
 owner, with " My Lord, or Sir, the eftimate 
 
 of 
 
C 6 4 ] 
 
 of vour new houfe, as delivered by me, wa<? 
 5,999k os. id. farthing, exclufive of my com- 
 million and travelling expences. I have, by con- 
 liderable labour and attention, been enabled to 
 compleat the whole, I flatter myfelf, to your fa- 
 tisfa&ion, and have faved you the fum of 61I, 
 14s. 6d. three farthings, which I here return 
 to you. Good Heavens ! here is honefty ; this 
 man has certainly no parallel in this bad world. 
 But if the added fum fhould not turn out 
 quite fuffieient to cover the expence of altera- 
 tions, &c. the artift flill, rather than injure 
 himfelf by an abridgement of his cuftomary gains, 
 may charge them boldly at a moderate rate, ill 
 whole, or in part, according to the difpofition of 
 his employer, and the vibrations of his own feelings, 
 and may voluntarily fubmit the extras to Arbitra- 
 tion, with all the candour and fairnefs imaginable, 
 and gain confiderably in credit and in cafh, in 
 this way of managing the matter, with proper 
 addrefs. After all, perhaps, I may have been 
 mifinformed ; pofiibly nothing of the kind above 
 hinted at ever happened ; and if it ever mould 
 happen to any one of my readers, he will have 
 read to very little purpofe indeed, if it does not 
 occur to him where the blame ought to be 
 placed. Having hazarded faying fo much oh 
 this head, perhaps I ought in prudence to flop 
 here ; a thought or two, however, flrikes me, 
 
 which 
 
[ 6,- ] 
 
 which I fhall venture to put down upon the 
 hacknicd fubjects of itrength, conveniency, and 
 beauty, in building : the firft, and mod effential 
 of theft is, undoubtedly, ftrength, or durability ; 
 for if an edifice will ftand fecurely, and form an 
 effectual covering from the tempeft, and a de- 
 fence from the cold, it is compleat for the pur- 
 pofes for which buildings were firft intended ; 
 and however beautiful, well proportioned, and 
 convenient, a building may be, if it tumbles 
 upon the heads of the inhabitants, it is plain 
 they had better have taken up their refidence in 
 a cave or den of the earth. It is not here meant 
 to retail out the wholefome lefTons which good 
 architects have given upon this fubject; let it 
 fu flic e to remind the reader, that there are 
 fuch, and if he neglects the doctrine they in- 
 culcate, he is very much to be pitied ; a good 
 maxim in building is, " A little fironger than 
 jlrong enough j" this, to the fpeculative adven- 
 turer, inured to the maxims and habits of the 
 Mary-le-bone School, is as bad as fiat herefy ; he 
 goes on calculating his fubilances, and adapting 
 the qualities of his materials, and the manner of 
 connecting them with fuch nicety and addrefs, 
 as to decree their difTolution precifely fix months 
 after the expiration of his leafe. This has been 
 the conflant aim of many ; but thefe have hot 
 yet arrived to be adepts in the myfteries of that 
 K famous 
 
[ 66 ] 
 
 famous feminary. The Mailer of Arts is he who 
 can manage matters fo as to keep up his build- 
 ing till he has fold it. Indeed it is furprizing 
 what wonders have been done in this way by the 
 fkilful and experienced ; but as infallibility is 
 not the lot, even of the mofl perfect of the fons of 
 men, it is not very wonderful to find thefe learned 
 gentlemen fometimes rniftaken, or, as they force- 
 ably and elegantly exprefs it, " Got into the 
 wrong box," an exclamation commonly ufed 
 upon an induction into the King's Bench, upon 
 the downfall of a new building, (deftroying, per- 
 haps, only a few dirty Irifh labourers) or upon 
 the failure of any other honourable project. It 
 was upon an occafion of this kind, when a range of 
 buildings tumbled into ruins, before they were 
 quite half finifhed, that the aforementioned 
 maxim tumbled from the author ; and he has 
 the vanity to expect it will be quoted by all fu- 
 ture elementary writers on architecture, as often as 
 any of the fageft remarks of any ancient or modern 
 architect whatever, and is in no doubt but as 
 much regard will be paid to it. There is an an- 
 tiquated aphorifm of Doctor Fuller's, if I mif- 
 take not, containing a caution againff. allowing 
 foundations to dance, left fuch vagaries mar 
 all the mirth in the houfe. I only juft mention 
 this, becaufe, from experience, I am convinced, 
 
 that 
 
[ «7 ] 
 
 that many modem builders never yet heard 
 of it. 
 
 Scrioufly, thofe rapacious fpeculatifts in build- 
 ing, would do well to confider the fixth command- 
 ment; let them alio read that part of the divine law- 
 recorded in the 2 2d chap, and 8th verfe of Deut. 
 and feeing there the beheft of the All-gracious 
 Governor of the World to builders, let them 
 confider whether a neglect of making a proper fe- 
 curity againft difafters, which might poffibly hap- 
 pen, from a want of proper care, (and which 
 fome would, perhaps, dare venture to call a blame- 
 able heedleflnefs,) is not infinitely lefs immoral 
 then a premeditated defign of making a purfe, at 
 the imminent hazard of the lives of the innocent. 
 With thefe few obfervations I fhall clofe this head, 
 only remarking, that as ftrength and folidity are 
 really effential, fo the very appearance of them 
 muft be carefully maintained in the ornamental 
 parts of building, where they are not at all ne- 
 ceffary, or otherwife, what was intended for de- 
 coration, will be real and pofitive deformity. Of 
 conveniency the great Lord Verulam (if I miftake 
 not) has fome where faid, that " houfes are to 
 be made to live in, and not to look at, and 
 therefore ought to be convenient." A very Am- 
 ple obfervation this, which one would think there 
 could be no fort ofoccafion for, being perfectly 
 
 K 2 fclf- 
 
C 68 ] 
 
 felf-evidcnt ; but the practice of fome very great 
 artifts, even to this day, ftrongly evinces the im- 
 portance of repeating and remembering fuch an, 
 axiom ; in houfes of this kind, at lcaft, generally 
 fpcaking, the building mould not be made for 
 the ornament, but the ornament for the building. 
 Hence appears the ill ceconomy of thole who de- 
 fign their elevation for effect, and make the plan 
 a fecondary confideration ; but this has not been 
 unufual, in thofe who, in doating too much on the 
 child of their fancy, the exterior of their de» 
 lign, have either done effential injury to their 
 plan, or facrificed a larger fam of money than 
 'ought to have been done, in order to obtain, or 
 prcferve fome favourite, though unaccommoda- 
 ing part of their elevation, unaltered. It may 
 with truth be aliened, that architecture conli- 
 dered as a fine art, is a very imperfect one ; but 
 view it in the light of an art of utility, and its 
 merit abundantly compenfates for all its defects. 
 In its diilinct application to ufeful or ornamental 
 purpofes, feparately confidered, little difficulty 
 arifes ; but where ufe and ornament arc to be in- 
 timately combined, many difcouraging perplexi- 
 ties arife ; he, however, who can preferve inviolate 
 its utility, and connect therewith fo much of its 
 characteriilic beauty, as it is capable of receiving 
 With propriety, underftands his profefEon; it is 
 not only too often the cafe, that the interior is in- 
 jured 
 
[ 6 9 ] 
 
 jured by the architecture of the exterior, but 
 we fometimes fee errors much lefs cxcufable. 
 Houfes, with all the rooms therein, very nearly 
 equal in fize, though in others, one great room, 
 majefterially, will fuffer none larger than clofets 
 to appear upon the fame level. The happy me- 
 dium, generally fpeaking, is to keep up a mo- 
 derate gradation from the fmalleft to the largeft, 
 if we would have our dwellings convenient. 
 
 With refpedt to beauty, the firft and principal 
 part thereof, is propriety, which being compre- 
 hended in conveniency, needs not to be further 
 infilled on here ; the fecond, in order, is regu- 
 larity, or uniformity, which, if not effential in the 
 funking parts, at leaft, of building, may be dif- 
 penfed with in any thing. Defigns are very eafily 
 made where this is difregarded, and many, very 
 ■many have been executed of no fmall confedera- 
 tion, where the Herculean defigncr has broke 
 this adamantine fetter, and blundered on fuccef s _. 
 fully, to the utter aftoniihment of thoufands ; 
 though many thoufands more could never per, 
 ceive any caufe for fuch exclamation and uproar : 
 the frequent occurence of various irregularities 
 in building, is pleaded as a precedent for the re- 
 petition of them with impunity; but right and 
 wrong, truth and error, will be equally and eter- 
 nally averfe and oppofite to each other,, notwith- 
 
 ftanding 
 
[ 7° ] 
 
 Handing the general and lamentable bias of man- 
 kind to the latter. Hence many will look upon 
 my partiality for uniformity, as a very unnecef- 
 fary degree of precifenefs ; with fuch, to contend 
 the point, would be fruitlefs ; I mail therefore 
 only fay, that every one has his prejudices, and, 
 for my own part, I would as ibon forgive a 
 fculptor, who fhould produce a jftatue with a 
 wry mouth, or with one of the eyes an inch fur- 
 ther from the nofe than the other, as an architect: 
 who mould neglecl the regular diflribution of the 
 feveral parts of his defign, or at leafl fhould omit 
 fome artifice or other to produce a regular ap- 
 pearance, as well in the interior as exterior parts. 
 And notwithftanding what Lord Kaims has faid 
 upon the fubjeel,* it will ever remain the duty of 
 an architect: to ufe every exertion towards a re- 
 conciliation of thefe two fuppofed incompatibles ; 
 and in many cafes, if not in moil, he mull fucceed, 
 if he ufes the proper means. It is not, however, 
 to be denied, but that the paffion for regularity 
 may be carried to an excefs ; for notwithftanding 
 its indifpenfibility in effentials, not the leafl re- 
 gard fhould be paid to it in non-efTentials, when 
 fuch attention would materially increafe the 
 cxpence, or injure the flrength of the fabric. 
 For inftance, it would be highly abfurd, and par-, 
 ticularly in a town houfe, to convey the flues of 
 chimnies in the very oblique or lateral directions, 
 
 and 
 
 • Elem. Critic. 
 
L 7* ] 
 
 and wind and twift them about in the fubftances 
 of walls, (and thereby not only endanger, but in- 
 fure the ruin thereof) in order that the feyeral 
 ftacks mould precifely anfwer to each other in the 
 roof, a nicety known only to the architect, and 
 which no mortal befides could poffibly difcover, 
 unlets he mould think it worth his labour to climb 
 the roof, and apply his meafure to difcover the 
 latent beauties of their exactitude of fituation. 
 The next property of beauty in the climax to 
 perfection, is proportion, an indefinite term ; the 
 architects of the laft age placed it amidft the 
 buz of fractional diviiions, and fplitting of 
 hairs ; moll of the moderns know as little of the 
 matter as the author; fome one or two produce 
 it with every lecond or third ftroke of their pen- 
 cils, without affecting to know any thing more about 
 it than other people. Without, therefore, attempt- 
 ing to advance any thing further on this head, 
 the reader is referred to thofe authors who have 
 toiled in this labyrinth, and who may, perhaps, 
 furnifh him with the proper clue, if he knows 
 how to catch hold of it, and keep it when he 
 has got it. To examine the proportions of the 
 exterior of a delign, and form a competent judg- 
 ment of its effects, fuppofing an exact model has 
 been made of it, let a board or table (covered 
 with green cloth, if you pleafe) be railed to fuch 
 
 a height 
 
[ i* 3 
 
 a heighr, as that the top thereof may be juft fo 
 many feet and inches by the fcale of the model 
 below your eye, as your eye really is above the 
 ground on which you ftand : the model being 
 placed upon this board or table in the open air, 
 clear of the view of other objects, will then pro- 
 duce the fame effect, in every refpc&, as the 
 building would do, if it was actually compleated. 
 This mint certainly be far preferable to any ideas 
 that perfpe&ive drawings can furnifh, and, per- 
 haps, it would not be doing juftice to the exterior 
 of a model, to examine it in any other fituation, 
 with a view to judge of its merits or effects. 
 
 Kaving mentioned perfpe&ive, I juft beg per- 
 million to obferve, that the knowledge of ootics 
 in building, feems not neceffary in the degree 
 ufually infifted on ; it ought not to influence fet- 
 tled proportions ; the eye, in all fituation?, forms 
 juft and proper judgments of objects, the figure 
 and proportions of the human form, however 
 fituate, {landing, fitting, or lying, remote, or near, 
 are the fame. The artifr, indeed, who fhould 
 have occafion to build a palace in an alley, may 
 very rationally have recourfc to perfpe&ive illu- 
 ons, in cafe a fpe&ator, once or twice in a cen- 
 tury, mould be invited to take a break-neck view 
 of his wonderful performance. Mere decoration, 
 
 though 
 
[ 73 ] 
 though it mod (hikes the vulgar eye, as it is 
 the laft, is really the meanelt branch of architec- 
 ture ; a handfome well-proportioned, peafant, or 
 ferving girl, are beheld with pleafure, while their 
 deformed or ill-favoured fuperior, though orna- 
 mented with every thing efteemed beautiful and 
 brilliant, excites difguft and averfion. Hence in 
 the exterior of thefe little buildings, a correct 
 and chafte Simplicity feem characteriftically pro- 
 per ; the owner ihould therefore be particularly 
 attentive to this, if he would not offend againft 
 the ftrictnefs of propriety ; but yet, if he affects 
 decoration, and thinks nothing can be beautiful, 
 unlefs it is fine, let him at leaft be careful to 
 avoid an excefs of the peurile ornaments, as 
 well as the emafculated proportions of the 
 modern fchool, and not enervate his elevation 
 with filligree work, proper only for his lady's 
 dreffing room ; on the contrary, let him pay fome 
 little refpect to the grey-beards of antiquity ; let 
 him fuffer his exterior to be made in fome frnall 
 degree like antique architecture, and be in fome 
 meafure guiltlefs of the excefs of modern refine- 
 ment and modern finery ; on the contrary, in the 
 interior let him not be afraid to copy the architects 
 of the prefent day, (unlefs he fhall rather choofe 
 to leave the whole to the direction of his lady, 
 which, perhaps, after all, is the befl and wifeft 
 L way). 
 
[ 74 ] 
 way. Here let the nicknackerv of the Cabinc-t- 
 maker, Toy-man, and Paftry-cook, prcfide with 
 impunity. Here let the lightand elegant ordonnance 
 of the bed-poll; triumph over the clumfy orders 
 of old Greece. Here let Pilafters rival the fub- 
 ftance and ornaments of figured ribbons, and the 
 rampant foliage of antiquity, give place to the 
 exquifite prettineffes of cafts from the cabi- 
 net, the medal cafe, or the feal engraver's ftiew 
 glafs. In thefe diminutive buildings, if fond of 
 ornament, let the builder ufe thefe kind of ingre- 
 dients* without blame. It is only to be wifhed, 
 that our great buildings may efcape being de- 
 bauched, and having their magnificence eclipfed 
 bv the fuperlative nicities of modern proportion, 
 and modern decoration. The builder, defirous of 
 keeping a ftrift oeconomy conftantly in view, will, 
 of courfe, contrive that the whole of his rooms, 
 and conveniences, fhould be under one roof, fo 
 that the offices may pofTefs the bafement ; the 
 rooms for ufe in the day time ; the ground or 
 principal ftory handfomely elevated ; the chan> 
 bers, the one pair of flairs ftory, and the dormU 
 rories for the fervants in the attic ftory or roof. 
 Some may, however, wifh to launch out a little, 
 and make a parade with a pair of wings, or, per- 
 haps, even with one wing ; and from what I can 
 
 colle^t- 
 
 * An elegant terra ufed by a certain compounder of ceilings. 
 
C 75 ] 
 
 collect from fome recent examples of great men» 
 he will not offend againft the modern improved 
 rules of architecture, provided, inthefirft inftance, 
 he carefully avoids the ftiff formality of making 
 both wings exactly alike in any refpect, or of con- 
 necting them with the center building, by any 
 correlation of manner, range, level, or unifor- 
 mity of parts ; for this would favour too much of 
 the obfelete ftile, to the great difhonour and def- 
 paragement of modern art : on the contrary, if 
 one wing is chofen, the prevailing tafte dictates, 
 that the levels, uniformity, &c. mould be 
 fcrupuloully maintained to mark the relation of 
 the wing to the body, which might otherwife be 
 miltaken for a feparate property, or diftinct dwel- 
 ling:. The builder need be at no lofs for exam- 
 pies of the proper flile of managing thefe things, 
 and an infinity of others, which modern archi- 
 tecture abounds with. The fimple geometrical 
 forms employed by the antients, and which they 
 abfurdly laboured to preferve as intirc as poflible, 
 are now, by fweating, paring down, fpliting, 
 ftretching, twilling, curling, multiplying, and 
 dividing, improved and increafed to infinity. 
 Hence thofe things, which were formerly calle-d 
 Mutilations, and were looked upon, and lamented 
 as unavoidable defects in architecture, arifing 
 from the inherent imperfection and narrewnefs of 
 
 L 2 the 
 
C 7" ] 
 
 the art, are, by the ingenuity of the modern!, 
 converted into effentials, and are become the chief 
 glory of their works. Too much uniformity, 
 however, in thefe things, will be feduloufly avoid- 
 ed by the artift of fterling genius ; againft, upon, 
 or amidft, thefe, otherwile too exquiiite elegan- 
 cies, a maffy and difcordant Ihape, with a wild 
 abruptnefs, will appear, as a relief to the fated 
 eye. The architectural Poet, or Mufician, alone, 
 can produce thefe happy tranfitions, fhould I 
 attempt to convey an adequate idea of their effect, 
 language would fail me. I choofe, therefore, to 
 refer my reader to a contemplation of the bunches 
 of green grocery, carved by the immortal Gib- 
 bon, and hung up againft the walls of certain, 
 rooms, in fome of the palaces and great houfes 
 in this kingdom, as fpecimens of his confummate 
 art, I prefume, fince they do not appear to grow 
 out of, or relate to the architecture in any re- 
 fpect ; in thefe he will often fee, amidft the deli- 
 cate foliage, a huge rough club, a dung-fork, a 
 plough-mare, or the handle of a wheel-barrow ; 
 the generous, but namelefs fenfations exited by 
 thefe objects, will urge the artift with an enthufi- 
 ailic furor, to rapid and fuccefsful defign, if his 
 heart is not very cold, and his head very hard 
 indeed. But to be ferious, it feems not perfectly 
 agreeable to the genius of architecture, to ad- 
 mit 
 
[ 77 ] 
 
 mit of decorations of the vegetable tribe, too 
 clofely copied from nature ; the wildncls of na- 
 tural foilage contrafted with the regular geometri- 
 cal forms of buildings, produce a heterogeneous 
 mixture by no means allowable ; and it may 
 be alfo oblerved, that the ruling lines of all 
 curves in architectural ornaments, whether fimple, 
 waved, or fpiral, mould flow from the circle only, 
 and be as free from intanglements and interfec- 
 tions as poffible ; all confiderable deviations from 
 this principle, will produce ill effects, and, I 
 apprehend, need only be mentioned, to guard 
 the defigner from encroaching too much upon 
 the province of the painter, whofe chief excel- 
 lence is, that of being a clofe imitator of nature. 
 That architecture is too artifical to admit of the 
 natural wildnefsof vegetable forms into its com- 
 pofition, is, I apprehend, felf evident, and the ef- 
 fect which would be produced by fuch kind of 
 decoration, may be readily guefted at, by the 
 following inftance : — Suppofe a building erected 
 in the midft of a garden, having its exterior 
 richly ornamented with foliage, fruits, and 
 flowers, ftrictly copied from nature; compare 
 thefe decorations with the blooming originals 
 furrounding the building, how abfurd and dif- 
 gufting the effect would be, upon fuch compa- 
 rifon, may be better imagined, than exprefled. 
 The truth feems to be, that all architectural orna 
 
 ments 
 
E 7*. 1 
 
 rnents mould be as much as poffible eflential 
 parts of the defign they decorate ; and this is 
 effected in fame inftances, by difpofing them 
 in fuch pannels and compartments, and upon fuch 
 tablets, plat-bands and facies, as are proper to 
 the defign, and which, without decoration, would 
 leave the child of nature to enquire, whether 
 thofe blank frames are for the reception of 
 paintings or glaflbs. It is, however, proper to 
 remark, that the regular parts of feledted ve- 
 getable forms ; I mean the leaves, buds, 
 flowers, and hufks, are not by any means to 
 be excluded, when properly corrected by art ; 
 though, indeed, thofe generally fucceed beft 
 which are wholly the produce of art. Vegetable 
 forms, purely natural, appear to fucceed bed in 
 freezes and fafcias, and other members of that 
 character ; the reafon feems to be, that the pa- 
 rallel or concentric lines, bounding or inclofing 
 fuch decorations, being fo near to each other, as 
 to be feen at the fame time with the ornaments 
 between them ; the irregularity of the natural 
 forms is thereby considerably counteracted or 
 qualified. It may, perhaps, be obferved, that 
 the feftoon is an exception to the above reftric- 
 tion ; certainly not ; for if the aid of art is not 
 called in to bind the vagrant foliage together, 
 and hang them fo as to produce outlines, in ge- 
 neral, nearly regular, whether ftrait or curved, 
 thev will produce a vtry indifferent effeft. The 
 
 ultirnity 
 
r 79 ] 
 
 ulrimity of decoration is derived from colour, 
 the varieties of which, when difpofed of with 
 Cade, produce the happieft effects. The pre- 
 ient prevalent fafhion of employing this occular 
 kindof mufic,can never be fufficiently commended 
 vet even here, perhaps, fome few reitraints and 
 regulations are necetiary, all ftrong and vivid 
 tints mult be very fparingly ufed ; the glory of 
 the fun is too powerful for mortal fight, though 
 we are delighted with, and rejoice in his reflected 
 beams : hence a fort of delicate tendernefs mull 
 prevail in the feveral tints, imitative, in fome de- 
 gree, of the fofcened face of the beauties of na- 
 ture, when viewed in the general. If I may pre- 
 fu me to offer a hint for the diftribution of co- 
 lours, in the various parts of a principal room, I 
 would advife a clofe ftudy of nature in the fevc- 
 ral felect landfcapes, occaiionally oppofed to the 
 view. In the ceiling fhould prevail, the light, 
 cool, and delicately foftened azure of the ikv, 
 diverfified with fuch meliorated tints only, as the 
 fleecy clouds produce, when illumined bv the 
 morning fun with " orient pearl and gold" : the 
 walls mould partake a middle hue, and the floor 
 ill deeper die, fhould be imitative of the carpet 
 of nature. Something in this ftile I mould be 
 very much inclined to prefer to that generally 
 applauded, where feffoons obey various lateral 
 kinds of gravity, unknown to nature and philo- 
 
 fophy 
 
[ So ] 
 ibphy, and in which the cheefe cakes and raf- 
 berry tarts, upon the ceiling, vie with, and feem 
 to reflect thofc upon the floor with fuch wonderful 
 precifion ; and where the infupportably gorgeous 
 ceiling, and the fervently glowing carpet, caufe 
 the poor bare walls to be feemingly tliffatisficd, 
 uneafy, and impatient to retire from fuch fine 
 company, as if confcious of their meannefs and 
 and poverty. And now, left that myfterious 
 word at the head of the title page fhould induce 
 fome of my readers to think more or lefs of me 
 than I really deferve, it behoves me to declare, 
 that I came honeftly by it, for, in truth, it was 
 given me ; and I appeal to the common law of 
 the land, if common fenfe is not fufficient, that 
 I have juft right to it, even to the full as much as 
 though I had obtained it by purchafe, or by feven 
 years painful fervitude, under the rod of fcho- 
 laftic difcipline ; I therefore infill upon the pri- 
 vilege of printing it, at the top of my title 
 page ; and this, I hope, will give no juft caufe of 
 offence, either to the learned or the ignorant. I 
 reft my right upon as good ground, at leaft, 
 as that architect who exhibited fome drawings for 
 a public building, and when fome captious ca- 
 veller queftioned, whether the defign was really the 
 artijl's own ? It was very properly anfwered by 
 the artift's friend, to the utter confufion of the 
 faid caviller, that it mojl certainly was, for he knew 
 
 that 
 
[ 8i } 
 
 the art'ijl had not only very honejlly, but very li- 
 berally * -paid for it I ! ! 
 
 This little anecdote is not meant to be merely 
 illuftrative, neither is it wantonly obtruded 
 on the public ; it is honeflly intended, and will 
 doubtlels be accepted as a ufeful hint to young 
 artifls, who, through any preternatural excefs in 
 the fubflance of the cranium or imbecellity of 
 its contents, cannot, or thofe who are engaged 
 in the more important concerns of fafhionable 
 iife, will not attend fo much to the complex 
 drudgery of mathematical and mechanical ftudies, 
 and the labours of the drawing board, as would 
 be indifpenfibly neceffary, if fuch a conveniency, 
 as I have hinted at, did not exiit. Whoever firft 
 hit upon this expedient, is not very material to 
 know ; perhaps it was fome great genius, not 
 of the profeffion ; and as the defigns of gentlemen 
 of this clafs produce to view, are generally fl- 
 nimed very high, with all that captivating glow 
 of colour, which marks the hand of the painter, 
 this conjecture is ilill the more probable. 
 
 Having fuggefted thus much, as preparatory 
 to the beginning of a building, it will not be 
 improper, perhaps, to clofe this little work with 
 another intimation, refpecling an operation to 
 be performed when the building is finimed, and : 
 the artift has all the workmen's accounts under' 
 
 M his 
 
 * I am informed the artift's friend was miftaken in this, there 
 seallv was no liberty displayed in any part of the tranU&iun. 
 
[ S2 ] 
 
 his hand ; this is called docking, and is performed 
 two ways, the old manner proceeds cautioufly, 
 by analyfis and detail, and being very generally 
 known, requires nothing particular to be faid or* 
 it here. 
 
 The new method {lands recommended, on ac- 
 count of the cafe and expedition wherewith it 
 is effected, and the great and refpe&able air the 
 operator derives from it, (the general and happy 
 concomitant of ambiguity and myilery) it is 
 certainly a grand objection to the old method, 
 that it requires fo great an infight into the nature, 
 qualities, and values of all forts of materials, and 
 workmanfhip ; an inferior and intricate kind of 
 knowledge, by far too mean and troublefome for 
 ecntlemcn of exalted views to attend to. There 
 is, however, one very capital objection to a ge- 
 neral uic of the new manner, which is, that now 
 and then a workman is turbulent and refractor}-, 
 and pays no more regard to the fiat or dignity 
 of an architect, than he would to thofe of an 
 old apple woman ; and would fooner fquander his 
 monev away among thole rogues the lawyers, 
 than forego a fingle guinea of his property, to 
 add to, or uphold the fame of any architect 
 whatfoever ; fo that if the artift does not know 
 his man, the old manner is abundantly to be 
 prefered ; or at leaft, fuch a degree of relaxation 
 
 from 
 
L 8 3 ] 
 
 from the new mode, as after mature deliberation, 
 prudence will naturally dictate. This may be very 
 well done, without lofmg fight of that valuable 
 quality or difpofition ever Argus like, awake to, 
 and alert in feizing all kinds of advantages, (very 
 often malicioufly called, low cuaning) and 
 which may be exerciled in its full ell extent, 
 where the workman is known to be a poor igno- 
 rant and timerous wretch, fooliihly afraid, that 
 lazv is not always jufiice 3 and whole maxim is, that 
 the fir ft lofs is generally the leaft. 
 
 The following matter of fact will prevent the 
 neceffity of any further enlargement on this head, 
 and at the fame time furnifh the intelligent vrith 
 a better idea of what is proper to be done on 
 this fubject, than any I am capable of fuggeft- 
 ing: 
 
 A gentleman having employed his workmen in 
 fome piece of bufinefs, fent for their feveral bilh 
 as foon as it was completed, and very properly, 
 put them into the hands of a certain furveyor to 
 be examined, who, having retained them a rea- 
 fonable time, returned them all docked fecundum 
 artm, by the new method, and figned with his 
 name. The gentleman fends for his work- 
 men, of whom the carpenter was firft, and ten- 
 dered him the reduced amount of his bill ; the 
 tradefman refufed to accept it, affirming, at the 
 fame time, with the moft provoking confidence, 
 M 2 and 
 
[ s 4 ] 
 
 and obflinacy that his bill was a fair one, and 
 that the whole was his juft cine. The gentle- 
 man paid him his whole charge, and informed 
 him he mould have no occaiion for his future 
 fervices. Some of the other tradefmen, whofe 
 bills were of lefs consideration, hearing the car- 
 penter was difmiffed, accepted the reduced 
 amounts of their charges, rather than lofe the 
 gentleman's bufinefs. At length the fmith ap- 
 peared, who had been under very high and par- 
 ticular obligations to the gentleman, and from 
 his bill, apparently of 30 1. flood a deduction of 
 6 1. The gentleman, after expodulating with him 
 for his villainous ingratitude, as well as difho- 
 nefty, in attempting fuch an imposition upon 
 him, allured him he fhould have no future op- 
 portunity of exercifmg a fimilar conduct with re- 
 fpect to him. The fmith humbly begged to 
 
 know the reafon ? " Reafon, Sir, why Mr. . 
 
 informs me here, you have overcharged me 6 1. 
 in this bill." M Why then, Sir, replies vulcan, I 
 am 3 1. in your honour's debt : this is the firft time 
 I ever made a charge of this ftrange nature." The 
 truth is, vulcan was but a lame fcribe, and in- 
 advertently had made the amount of his bill, 
 which was 3 1. look fo much like 30 1. that any 
 perfon looking no further than the total, might 
 have made exactly the fame miftake the fur- 
 * vcvor did. 
 
NOTE 
 
 (i.) /"GENTLEMEN of large fortunes, who poffefs a tafte for va- 
 \J riety, might eafily gratify inch talk-, by ere&ing little vil- 
 las of this kind in the pieaiaht parts ot the kingdom, at a fmall ex- 
 pence, and either let or difpofe of them readily, and with little or 
 r.o lols, when inclined to varytheir iituation. 
 
 ^2.) All partitions whole fubftances are not particularly mentioned, 
 are defigned to be fix inches thick, when finifhed, the timber work 
 bein?" four inches, and the finifhing on each iide one inch thick, and 
 the fcantlings of the timbers thereof may be as follows, viz. 
 Clafs i-^ x-4- by 4 In.^ w. by 6 In. 
 
 * 4- by 3| 4 by 5! 
 
 3 I U by 3 i I J 4 by 5 
 
 4 >Quarters, Sec. -^ 4 by 31 ^>Pofb, &c.<{ 4 by 4| 
 
 ; 4 by 3 J 4 by 4 
 
 6 . i 4 by z\ 14 by 3 i 
 
 7 J W by a| J ^4 by 3 
 
 (3.) Whenever the Legiflature (hall think proper to enforce the ge- 
 neral ufe of this excellent contrivance in ail future buildings, the 
 prefent building acl: may be repealed, and be configned to that obli- 
 vion it molt juftly merits. In any future a6t, it would however be 
 eflential that the abfurd cuftom of building uponbreait lurnmer fronts 
 of timber work fliould be univerfally reftrained, and inftead thereof, 
 wherever a fimilar mode of conlliuclionis neceliary, the fuperincum- 
 bentwall fliould be erecled upon iron cradles, bent into reo-ular 
 curves, which fliould be fecured at their bafes, or lpringings, by pro- 
 per tves and abutments, and be fupported by iron itandards, the 
 whole to be of wrought and even faggoted iron, but by no means of 
 caft iron ; the longer this regulation is neglected, the greater number 
 of ufeful and valuable lives are in danger of perifning by fire, or by 
 the effecls of fire, as too many recent inftances have molt deplorably 
 fhewn. 
 
 (4.) In the faid parcel is contained a variety of plans for town-houfes, 
 adapted to the ufe of merchants and tradefmen, and defigned to ac- 
 cord with the rates as they now (land in the z£\ of the 14th of George 
 the Third, and alfo a number ot deligns tor groups of dircinct dwel- 
 lings, each group forming on? regular pile of building, an example 
 of which is given in the lair plate. 
 
 (5.) It may be juft remarked here, that upon comparing thele pro- 
 portions with thole ariiing from the common divifions of the mono- 
 chord, it happens that the firft anfwers to unifon, and although the 
 fecondis a difcord, the third anfwers to the third minor, the fourth 
 to the third major, the fifth to the fourth, the fixth to the fifth, and 
 the feventh to the octave. 
 
 6. The 
 
[ S6 ] 
 
 (6.) The compofition of the falh frames, with inch and half and 
 two inch fafh:;, is as follows, viz. 
 
 2 inch fafhes. if inch fafhes. 
 
 Outfide lining - | f 
 
 Safh - - t\ if 
 
 Tongue - I 5 
 
 Sam if is 
 
 Bead - if it 
 
 6| inches. 5* inches. 
 
 The breadth; of front {butters in the fifth column ate found in the 
 following manner, (premifing that the breadth between the faces of 
 the ford (butters i; precifely to agree with the external opening be- 
 tween the brick-work, when they are (hut into their boxes, and that 
 the center of motion (hall be coincident with angle of (butter) : Let 
 nv — the breadth between the faces of the faid fhutters when inciofed 
 m their boxes, f~ the breadth of the fliutter, r zs. the rebate (33 
 \ iiich), then 
 
 f9 V2±£L 
 
 4- 
 the reft of the Table is fufficiently evident. 
 
 (7.) In this, and all the fuccceding plans, ard the feveral compap- 
 titions thereof, the meafures ate to be confidered as being in the clear 
 between the fever al finifhings, fo that in fetting out the walls and 
 partitions, Sec. proper allowances muft be made for the neceflary 
 fubftances of the furring;, ftucco, dado, and boxings of (butters, 
 ice. Co as to have the room- of the feveral dimensions let forth in the 
 references, when completely fitted for habitation. 
 
 (8.) In defigns for fmall houfes, where ceconomy is always to be 
 kept in view, and the moil is to be made • 1 the gioun 1 propofed to 
 be covered, it will feldom be confiftent to introduce halls and back 
 rlair cafes, uniei's, as in the prefent inftance, the hall can at the fame 
 time be made to ferve the purpofe alfo of the (Ian -cafe ; and when- 
 ever the nature of the diftribution will admit of the (fairs being placed 
 in a kind of hall, or veftibule, apiece of fru ;al magnificence js ob- 
 tained, perfectly compatible with the general principle upon which 
 thefu little 1 lans were defigned. 
 
 (o.) I pttrpoftly forbear giving names to the rooms, peoples taftcs 
 and ideas of appropriation being Co various; everyone will therefore 
 apply the apartments to fucfi ui'es as tie him bed. 
 
 (10.) Recedes in rooms, except for the purpofes ci forming ai- 
 re/'.-, for bed-*, or .niches for (ide-boards, have been exploded by >-; 
 , the foundation for this limitation is however in my opi- 
 nion merely fanciful j reccff.s arc certainly as ufeful and as , 
 for the reception of any other capital pi< 1 - - of furniture whatsoever, 
 and their gracefqlnefs is an additional motive for. their being intra? 
 duced, where the defign will at leaft naturally, and without violence 
 admit ot it. 
 
 (if.) However unfafluonableor improper clofets may be in the 
 rooms of large houfes, they are frequent ty eiTeniially neceflai u 
 
L «7 ] 
 
 Ihofe cf [mall ones, where conveniency mud ever "hold ihe ru-xt 
 
 i ! , they are only - ible when heat the fins 
 
 plac> s, for in this iltvi ition they are little better than dangerous n«i- 
 
 i and fhouid never beadmiiti d, if a pbffibiJity remains of thcif 
 
 being obtaim d • fimation. 
 
 (12.) A room eighteen feet diameter, ii nearly equal to one of 
 16 feet iquare ; and lier.ee it is 1 place this houfe in the third clafw 
 By tiiis plan it will he readily perceived, that it is net by any means 
 tny intention to abandon theb lultingfrom certain curvilineaJ 
 
 and multangular r • lo noi ffend againit Simplicity* though 
 
 they may encroach a little upon csconomy. 
 
 (13.) The opening between the niches in this room is nine feet 
 wide. Thebeftway of terminating the top of this opening, will 
 be by a ftraii foffite, placed at a proper diftance below the deling. 
 Arched heads to apertures in '.vails. &c. upon curved plans, produce 
 lines of a distorted and difagreeable form, which fhouid be avoided 
 as much as poffible; indeed it appears to me, tkat architecture afreSs 
 but one kind of cuive, and that the fimplell in nature, I mean the 
 circular; the elliptic, particularly when its foci are considerably' 
 afunder, is hardly, if af all admuTible, and much lei's any deformed 
 or irregular curve. 
 
 (14..) In very final! houfes, it is fometimes neceffary to place die 
 dour on one fide of the center, to obtain a convenient plan ; this in- 
 deed is frequently done in pretty large houfes, and the door way is 
 as ftrongly marked with decoration, as though it poflefTed the center 5 
 the abfurdity of this conduct is feJf-evident ; tha proper method in 
 this cafe is to fave appearances, and to make the door and windows 
 tdike and plain, unlets indeed it may he preferred to finiih the center 
 window with a door drefs, and in this caie a portico, or at leafi a 
 terrace, is necefiary with the fleps of afe'ent in the center thereof; axd 
 to complete the deception, the windows (hould be drawn down to 
 the floor, and the blanks fhouid be fitted up with glazed lafhes, pro- 
 perly blacked on their backs; the ufual method ot blank recedes of 
 brickwork fhouid be univerfally avoided, they are politive blemifhes, 
 (carrying the appearance of a bungling rectification of a miftake) 
 and the art has naturally a fumciency of imperfections infeparabls 
 from it, which has occnlioned much laborious, though kuitleis trou- 
 ble, to many of its prcfeflbrs. 
 
 (15.) In the door-way at the head of flairs, may be hung a ffrongly- 
 fortihed door, which I would recommend always to be done in iiini- 
 lar lituations, where plans will admit of it with propriety. 
 
 (16.) A good fecondary light may be had to this cloiet in thepar- 
 tition behind the feat. 
 
 (17.) This mixture of the clafTes is for the fake of obtaining a 
 moderately large room in a fmall houfe, and may furnifh a hint for 
 other combinations of the like nature. 
 
 (18.) With refpecc to the projecting maffes in the flanks of feveral 
 of the deiigns, containing the chimnies and their flues, I have en- 
 deavoured to difpofe of the flues by the (ides of the chimnies, in fuch 
 manner as to obtain as much regularity as poffible ; and in many 
 oles> where there are two mafles or flacks in a flank, they may be 
 
 drawn 
 
[ 33 ] 
 
 tfrrwn together over a handfome arch, and be united into one over 
 the center of fitch an h, with good effect. 
 
 (10.) The form ol this plan being a truncated equilateral trian- 
 gle, it will be proper to draw it very exactly to a moderately iar?e 
 1'cale, in order to obtain the dimer.fions of the parts tolerably exacl , 
 and the fame irethod mould be purfued in all plans which are not 
 ftftangular. Thoi'c who arc not fatisfied with mechanical admea- 
 surement, may have reconrfe to Dodfon's Caiculator, (pages 52 and 
 53, Lond. 1747) in which is contained very near approximations, 
 applicable to ail regular geometrical forms and their feveral parts. 
 
 (20 ) Three 100ms for fervants may very ealily be obtained in 
 tlie attic lloiy. 
 
 (21.) Here is an unavoidable irregularity in one of the flanks, 
 unlets the lame method is purfued as is pointed out in Plate VII. or 
 the chimney be made to project into the room Bj and here it miy 
 be generally obferved, that there is no nt ccfilty of making both 
 flanks precisely fimilar, if any difficulty lies in the way to prevent 
 it ; but if each can be made independently regular, and be contrived 
 to compofe fubordinately with both fronts, the proper medium will 
 be obtained between the uf'ual carelefs forms of flanks and the la- 
 boured contrivances which fometimes makes them appear to the full 
 as principal as either of the front 1 ;. 
 
 (22.) Mere is fuflicient room between the doors in the recefs, for 
 a final! fide-board, if thought neceftary. 
 
 (23.) All external door-ways fhould be furnifiied with two doors, 
 that is to fay, a light door (lamed if necelfary) for ufe in the day- 
 time, and a very itrong door behind the fame, for fecurity in the 
 night. 
 
 (24.) It will be very eafy to fee where accidental mafles maybe 
 convened to purpofes of this kind, whenever they may occur in the 
 Succeeding plans, although not particularly adverted to. 
 
 (25.) The front door being placed out of the center from mo- 
 tives of oeconomy, this plan turnifhes a hint for difguiling an irre- 
 gularity of that kind. 
 
 (26 ) To preferve uniformity in the window-fide of the room D, 
 the breait of the chimney advances into the room, and on each lide 
 thereof 1'eceiics are formed, which being terminated either with 
 fquare or arched heads, at a convenient dillance below the cieling, 
 the cornice is preferved intire, the decoration of the cieling (if any) 
 is uninterrupted, and the defect of a heavy break, formed by the 
 laid chimney-breail, is corrected. 
 
 (27.) The chief objections to a country refidertce, are too great 
 folitude, and danger from hcufebrcakers, Sec. Hence towixs and 
 villages are crouded by people of moderate fortunes, and the open 
 country, with all its advantages, is left to be enjoyed by the great, 
 whole numerous dependents and vifitants are conltant remedies for 
 thofe inconveniences. People, however, of nearly equal rank and 
 fortune, and of fimilar taftes and purfuits, might enjoy the open 
 country ycry comfortably, and very fecurely too, by uniting their 
 dwellings to form a tingle pile. The 25th Plate contains a defign, 
 by way of hint, for four families, fuppofed to be erected upon an 
 
 eminence, 
 
[ s 9 ] 
 
 eminence, In the center of a few acres of land pleafantly fituated : 
 In the front of each houfe may be a garden, intirely feparare and 
 private, contained in a quadrant of a fquare or circle, and the ex- 
 terior land may be laid out in the modern tafte for common ufe, at 
 the common expence : The families may viiit each other, by only 
 crolTing the circular court in the center of the edifice, and by the 
 lame means have fecure and immediate accefs to each other, in cafe 
 of iicknefs, fire, attack by thieves, or other fudden emergency. 
 
 (28.) For this plain realbn, that the blame, if any, may be juftly 
 fixed and immediate, and certain redrefs obtained, neither of which 
 can be ealily effected, where the feveial branches are concerned in- 
 dependent of each other ; as, in fuch cafes, they will natural] v im- 
 pute to each other any blunder or other untoward event, that may 
 be adverie to their refpeitive interefts. 
 
 (29.) Particularly if any part of his defign turns out to be fo far 
 impracticable, as to occaiion expenfive alterations, on account of 
 either his ignorance, negligence, or want of foielight. Accidents 
 of this kind have happened, and moft frequently perhaps in the ar- 
 ticle of itaircafes. Such artifts mull be excellent directors of work- 
 men, who are thus deficient in one of the moft effential parts of 
 building, and have not a clear underftanding even of their own de- 
 fign. It is hardly to be fuppofed the workmen will bear the expence 
 of rectifying fuch blunders, and if the architect does not, is it to 
 be aiked who does ? 
 
 N I S. 
 


 
 
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