fi . '3 ft? 
 
 
 
 ^^PARADISr^' IN' SC 
 ' Patadifiw Terreit: 
 
 $■ (jarcC-t of afCjoi 
 &iufCisTv 
 
 SL *X*i tcfien^artCm ofaff. 
 
 JortS of yf caja ni~ jf fewer r vo ft i c ff OLLtLs. 
 <tyrc Tvifo^crmtibio • Sc, ncnyfecC : 
 
 ^-wvtri r r 
 
 ^ „„ puittfU tr of/l 11* PCS, TCcri. C3\ &>J"t 'Milt 
 
 Jpr mecdrc, or^fa-ttfe fecT u>itfL c^Vj 
 
 _ g-f. altet 
 
 S%iv Orch av(C ofnfC farte of^fn liiuea r :»q SJrc.cs 
 a-ntC f/vr-uffes Jtt J~or ottr \a nef ' 
 
 - r r . traeifer 
 tne viant crcferlnae pfarAnt 
 of tfzm- ancCtfeir ffcS of' 
 
 ^oHeAteJ Jy Jfvrrn.tfPiirJ' 
 
 *^V°^Sc oo r y effonefo, 
 
 ^ 
 
 yrntcrJatjifice, | ™ 
 
 vaijcrei- iCwStrt ■ /(Ha , 
 
 'rcjci*v.in' 
 
 XrJsjlCS Ct)l CWi 
 
 \dxt d-.i. wbujcfiia 
 
 mfa, i 
 
 Je.Mi^cJEyefjart 
 
 >ar_cs a. 
 
 /t-r yh) inr^li 
 
 Qt 4 +W r' 
 
H II mm- iiiKfiiy .1 
 
THE QVEENES 
 
 MOST EXCELLENT 
 
 MAIEST1E. 
 
 adame , 
 
 ) Nowing jour Maieftie fo much deligh- 
 ted with all the faire Flowers of aGar- 
 !den,and furniflied with them as farre be- 
 5 jond others, as you are eminent before; 
 jthem- this mj VVorkeof a Garden,Iong 
 I before this intended to be publifhed, and 
 but now only finifhed, feemed as it were 
 ’deftined, to bee find offered into your 
 Highnefle hands, as of right challenging the proprietie of 
 Patronage from all others. Accept, 1 befeech jour Maieftie, 
 this fpeaking Garden, that maj informe jou in all the parti- 
 culars of your ftore, as well as wants, when you cannot fee 
 anj of them frefh vpon the ground ; and it fhall further en- 
 courage him to accomplifti the remainder who, in praying 
 that jour Highneffe maj enioy theheauenly Paradife,after 
 the many jeares fruition of this earthly, fubmitteth to be 
 
 Your Maieftiet 
 in all 
 
 humble demtion * 
 
 fo hn Parkinson . 1 
 
SUA Lr- Anl p V 
 
 ^ iff 
 
 TO THE COVRTEOVS 
 
 READER. 
 
 Lt hough the ancient Heathens did appropriate thefirft 
 inuention if the knowledge of Herbes, and/oconft- 
 quently of ' Phyfuke , /ome Vnto Chiron the Centaure i 
 and others Vnto Apoilo or /Eculapius his jonne . yet 
 wee that are Chrifiians haueout of a better Schoole 
 learned, that God, the Creator of Heauen and Earth , 
 at the beginning 'it hen he created Adam , inspired him 
 with the knowledge of all natur all things ( 'which fuc- 
 ce finely def cended to Noah afterwardes y and to his 
 'Posterity ) : for, as he was able togiue names to all the lining (features,, according 
 to their J'euer all natures ; fo no doubt but hee had alfo the knowledge, both "what 
 Herbes and Fruits were fit,eytherfor Meate or Medicine, f or Vfe or for Delight. 
 And that Adam might exercife this knowledge , God planted a Garden for him to 
 hue in, (-wherein euen in his innocency he Was to labour and fpend his time) which 
 hee Jlored with the be ft and choyfeft Herbes and Fruits the earth could produce , 
 that be might haue not onely for necefutie whereon tofeede, but for plea/ ure alfo - 
 the place or garden called Paradi/e importing as much, and more plainly the Words 
 fet downe in Genefis the fecond, which are thefe ■ Out of theground the Lord 
 God made to grow eucrie tree pleafanc to the fight and good for meate- 
 and in the 24.. of Numbers, the Parable of Salaam, mentioning the Aloe trees 
 that God planted • and in other places if there Were neede to recite them. Put my 
 purpofeis onely to Jhewyou, that Paradife was a place (whether you will call it a 
 Garden, or Orchard, or both, no doubt of fame large extent ) wherein Adam Was 
 firft placed to abide . that God was the Planter thereof, hauingfurnifhed it with 
 trees and herbes, as well pleafant to the fight, as good for meate, and that hee being 
 to drejfe and keepe this place, mufi of necefity know all the things that grew there- 
 in, and to what vfes they ferued, or elfe his labour about them, and knowledge in 
 them, had been in Vaine. And although Adam lost the place for his tranfgrefion, 
 yet he lojl not the naturali knowledge, nor vfe of them : but that, as God made the 
 Whole world, and all the Creatures therein for Man, fo hee may <vfe all things as 
 well of pleaf ire as of necefsitie, to bee helpes Vnto him to ferue his God. Let men 
 therefore, accor din's to their firfi inflitution , fo vfe their fcruice, that they alfo in 
 them may remember their feruice to God, and not (like our Grand-mother Eve) 
 Jet their affe Elions foftrongly on thepleafure in them, as to dejeruc the Ioffe of them 
 in this P aradife, yea and of Heauen alfo. For truly from all forts of Herbes and 
 Flowers we may draw matter at all times not only to magnifie thefreator that hath 
 gtuen them fucb diuerftties of formes , fents and colours, that the mofl cunning 
 
 ** 5 ' Work* 
 
The Epiftle to the Reader. 
 
 Worke-man cannot imitate, and Jucb venues and properties, that although wen 
 know many, yet many more lye bidden and Vnknowne , but many good inflruBions 
 alfo to our] elues : That as many herbes and flowers Hsith their fragrant j weete 
 fmels doe comfort, and as it to ere reu m the [pints, and perfume a To hole houje ; 
 euen [o juch men as Hue Vertuoufly , labouring to doe good, and profit the Church of 
 God and the Commonwealth by their paines or penne, doe as it were fend forth a 
 pleaflng fauour of J meet infractions, not only to that time wherein they hue , and 
 are frejh, but being drye, withered and dead , ceafe not in all after ages to doe as 
 much or more. Many herbes and flowers that bane [mail beautie or /auour to com- 
 mend them, haue much more good vfe and Vertue: fo many men of excellent rare 
 parts and good qualities doe lye hid vnknown and not ref pelted, yntill time and yfe 
 of them doe fet forth their properties. Againe, many flowers haue a glorious fl?ew 
 of beauty and brauery, yet /linking in /meli, oreljeof no other <v[e : fomany 
 doe make a glorious oflentation, and fiourifl > in the world , when as if they jtinke 
 not horribly before God, and allgood men, yet furely they haue no other vertue then 
 their out fide to commend them, or leaue behind them. Some alfo rife njp and appear 
 like a Lilly among Thornes, or as a goodly Flower among many W cedes or Graffe, 
 eytber by their honourable authorise, or eminence of learning or riches, whereby 
 they excell others , and thereby may doe good to many. The frailty alfo of Mans 
 life is learned by the foone fading of them before their flowr ing, or in their pride, or 
 Joone after, being either cropt by the hand of the fpe Bator, or by a f udden blafl wi- 
 thered and parched, or by the reuolution of time decaying of it owne nature : as 
 alfo that the faireft flowers or fruits firfl ripe, are fooneft and fir ft gathered. The 
 mutabilitte al/o of flates and perfons, by this, that as where many goodly flowers 
 fruits did grow thisyeare and age, in another they are quire pulled or digged Vp, 
 and eyther tveedes and graffe grow in their place, or fame buildingereBcd thereon , 
 and their place is no more known. The Quill refpeBs to be learned from them are 
 many alfo : for the delight of the <■ varieties both of formes, colours and properties 
 of Herbes and Flowers , hath euer beene power full ouer dull, unnurtured, rufticke 
 and fauage people, led only by Features inflinB ; how much more powerfull is it, or 
 fhould be in the mindes of generous perfons i for it may well bee [aid, he is not hu- 
 mane, that is not allured with this obtecl. The ftndy, knowledge, and trauel in them , 
 as they haue been entertained of great Things [Princes and Potentates, without dif- 
 paragement to their Greatnefje, or hinder ance to their more ferious and weighty 
 Affaires -.fo no doubt Vr.to all that are capable thereof, it is not onely plea[ant,but 
 profitable, by comfortingtheminde, fpirits andfenfes with an harmelejfe delight, 
 and by enabling the inducement to conferre and apply helpe to many dangerous di- 
 feafes. It is alfo an InftruBer in the Verity of thegenuine Plants of the Ancients, 
 and a QorreBer of the many errours whereunto the world by continuance hath cm 
 diuerted,and almofl therein fixed, by eradicating in time, and by degrees, the perti- 
 nacious wilfulneffe of many, who becaufe they were brought Vp in their errours, are 
 moft vnwilling to leaue them without confider ation of the good or euill, the right or 
 Wrong, they draw on therewith. And for myfelfe I may well fay , that had not mine 
 owne paines and ftudiesby a naturali inclinat ion beene more powerfull in mee then 
 any others helpe ( although fame through an euill difpofltton and ignorance haue fo 
 far traduced me as to fay this Was rather another mans worke then mine owne, but 
 I leaue them to their folly) 7 had neuer done /o much as I here pub l iff? • nor been fit 
 or prepared for a larger, as time may fuddenlyf by Gods permifsionjbrmg to light, if 
 the maleuolent dijpojitions of degenerate fpirits doe not hinder the accomplijhment. 
 
The Epiftie to the Reader. 
 
 © ut per/ wading my f dfe there is no fhowre that produceth not fome fruit or no 
 "Word but Worketh fome effect, eyther of good to per/wade, or of repreofe to entree. 
 1 could not but declare my minde herein , let others iudge or jay what they bleafe. 
 For lhaue alwaies held it a thing <vn ft , toconceale or bury that knowledge God 
 hath giuen, and not to impart it, and further others therewith as much as is conue- 
 niefit, yet without orientation, which l haue euer hated, jfiow further to informe 
 the courteous fieader, both of the occafion that led me on to this Wor ke, and the 
 other occurrences to it. Fir/1, hauing peru/ed many Herbals in Latine, lobjerued 
 thatmofiof them haue eyther neglected or not knowne the many diuerjities of the 
 flower "Plants, and rare fruits are known to vs at this time, and (except Ciufius) 
 haue made mention but of a Very few. In Engli/h likewife We haue fome extant as 
 Turner and Dodormis translated, Tfbo haue haue (aid little of Flowers, Go rard 
 who is laft, hath no doubt giuen Vs the knowledge of as many as he attained nmto 
 in his time, but flnee his dates We haue had many more Varieties, then he or they euer 
 heard of, as may be perceiued by t before l haue here produced, y. Ind none of them 
 haue particularly feuered tbofe that are beautifull flower plants, ft to flore a gar- 
 den of delight and plcafure, from the wilde and nVnflt but haue enterlaced many , 
 one among another, whereby many that haue dc fired to haue faire flowers, haue not 
 known either what tochoo/e,or what to defire. Diuers Fookes of blowers a If o haue 
 been Jet forth, fome in our ownc (juntrey, and more in others , all which are as it 
 toere but handfuls fnatched from the plentiful Treafury of Nature, none of them 
 being willing or able to open all forts, and declare them fully ■ but the greatejt 
 htnderance of all mens delight Was, that none of them had giuen any deferipttonof 
 them, but the bare name only. To fatis fie theref ore their de fires that are louers 
 of fuch Delights , I took Vpon me this labour and charge, and haue here /defied and 
 fet forth a Garden of all the chief efl for choyce,and faireft for few, from among 
 all the [euer all Tribes and Kftndreds of Natures beauty, and haue ranked them as 
 neere as I could,or as the Tborke Would permit, in affinity one vnto another. Second- 
 ly, and for their fakes that are fludious in Authors, l haue fet down the names haue 
 bin formerly giuen Vnto them, with fome of their errours, not intending to cumber 
 this ivorke with all that might beejatd of them, becaufe the deciding of tbemany 
 controuerfies, doubts, and quefiions that concerne them , pertaine more fitly to a ge- 
 nerali Hiflory : yet I haue beene in fome places more copious and ample then at the 
 frfl I had intended, the occafion drawing on my defire to in forme others with what 
 1 thought teas fit to be known, referuing Vphat dfe might be [aid to another time isr 
 Work?-, wherein ( God willing) I will inlarge my f dfe, the [ubiecl matter requiring 
 it at my hands, in what my /mall ability can eff eel. Thirdly ,1 kaue aljo to embellijb 
 this Workefet forth the pgures of all f uch plants and flowers as are materiali and 
 different one from another : but not as fome others haue done, that is, a number of 
 the figures of one fort of plant that hauenothing to difiinguifh them but the co- 
 lour, for that I hold to be fuperfluous and wafte. Fourthly, I haue alfofet down the 
 Venues and Properties of them in a brief e manner, rather defiring to giue you the 
 knowledge of a few certaine and true, then to relate, as others haue done, a needle fi 
 andfalfe multiplicity, thatfo there might as Well profit as pleafure be taken from 
 them, and that nothing might be Wanting to accompli (h it fully. And fomuch for 
 this fir ft part, my Garden of pleafiant and delight full Flowers. My next Garden 
 con fiftieth of Herbes and fiootes fit to be eaten of the rich and poor as nourifhment 
 and food, as fawce or condiment, as fallet or refrefhingfior pleafure or profit where 
 1 doe as well play t he Gardiner, to /hew you (in brief e, but not at large ) the times 
 
The Epiftle to the Reader. 
 
 and manner of [owing, fitting, planting, replanting, and thelike ( although all 
 thefe things, and many more then are true , are fet down Very largely in thejeuerall 
 book.es that others haue Written of this/ubiecl) as alfo to fhew fome of the Kit- 
 chen rvfes ( becauft they are Kitchen herbes arc.) although I confeffebut Very fpa. 
 ringly, not intending a treatife of cookery, but briefly togiue a touch thereof . and 
 alfo the T hyp call properties, to [hew fome what that others haue not fet forth . yet 
 not to play the Empericke, andgiueyou receipts of medicines for all difeafes, but 
 only to fhew in fome fort the qualities of Herbes , to quicken the minds of theftu- 
 dious.And lajlly an Orchard of all forts of domeftickeorforraine, rareandgood 
 fruits, fit for this our Land and fount rey, which is at this time better fiored and 
 furnifhed then euer in any age before. I haue herein endeavoured, as in the other 
 Gardens, to fet forth the varieties of euery fort in as briefe a manner tspo/sibly 
 could be, without fuperfluous repetitions of defections, and onely with efpeciall 
 notes of difference in leaues, flower sand fruits. Some few properties alfo are fet 
 downe, rather the chief efl then the inofi, as thcWorke did require. And moreouer 
 before euery of thefe parts I haue giuenTreatifes of the ordering, preparing and 
 keeping the feuerall Gardens and Orchard, withwhatfoeuerlthought Was conue - 
 nient to be known for euery of them. 
 
 Thus haue J f hewed you both the occafion and fcope of this Worke , and herein 
 haue f pent my time, paines and charge, which if well accepted, 1 JhaU thinke Well 
 employed, and may the fooner haflen the fourth Tart, A Garden of Simples . which 
 Will be quiet no longer at home, then that it can bring his Mafier newes affaire 
 weather for the iourney. 
 
 Thine in what he may. 
 
 Iohn Parkinson.’ 
 
 V. Aff At . 
 
 -• ; VA£V\ V-. V*. • • 
 
 \ . ■:*. o " ... V 
 
 v V- y^ 
 
 loanni 
 
loanni Parkinfono Tharmacopoeo LondwenfijolertiJ- 
 Jtmo " Botanico con/ummati/simo 
 T.D.M. S.T.D. 
 
 Oema panegyricum Opus tuumindefeffi laboris, vtili- 
 tatis eximia: poftulat, &. meriti iure a me extorqueret 
 (mi Parkinfone) fi fauentibusMufis, & fecundo Apol- 
 line in bicipiti fomniare Parnaffo,& repente Poets mihi 
 prodire liceret. In fcetus tui bonis auibus in lucem editi, 
 8c prolixiorem nepotum feriem promittentis laudes, alii 
 Deopleni Enthoufialls carmine 1 'uos pangant elenchos ; 
 quos fub figmentis ampullata hyperbolicarum vocum mulcedine, vates 
 fere auribus mentibufue inlinuant. Veritas rtiiditatis amans, fuco natiuum 
 candorem obumbranti non illuftranti perpetuum indixit bellum : Infim- 
 plicitate quam aflertionum neruofa breuitas exprimit, exultat. Audi quid 
 de ce fentiam,Tu mihi fis in pofterum Crateuas Brittannus : inter omnes, 
 quotquot mihi hic innotuerunt, peritifsimus, cxercitatifsimus, oculatil- 
 fimus & emunwlifsimte naris Botanicus : Cuius opera in fortunata hac 
 Infula’rem herbariam tra&ari, emendari, augeri, & popularibus tuis ver- 
 naculo Termone ad amufsim tradi, non decentiae modo, led etiam necelsi- 
 tatis elf. Mafte tua fedulitate (Vir optime) neque te laborum tam arduis 
 lucubrationibus datorum ha&enuspccniteat, vel deinceps impendendo- 
 rum piaeat.Difficilia quae pulchra.Leniet debits laudis dulcedo vigiliarum 
 acerbitatem, & Olympicum ftadium cito pede, a carceribus ad metas ala- 
 criter decurrentem nobile manet gpoc»»- Sed memento Artem longam. 
 Vitam efle breuem. Vide quid ad antiquum illum, cuius 
 
 fi non animam, faltem genium induifti, Crateuam feribat Hippocrates, 
 Ti^nt otW <t mmjw ara£ifJi liiTfix.»! A'*} iriw.bl 4u$< luyJovQ- ii 3 wk- Nobllifsimam 
 Medicins partem Botanicam eflereputa. Florae nunc litafti & Portions, 
 Apollini vt audio propediem Horto Medico fafturus. Amabo integrae 
 Veils facra conficito, eiufque variegatum multis fimplicium morbifugo- 
 rum myriadibus fimum abfolute pandito^ quem fine velo nobis exhibeas. 
 Nulla dies abeat fine linea. Sic tandem fru&us gloris referes vberrimos, 
 quos iulle fiidoribus partos, vt in cruda & viridi fenedfute decerpas diu, 
 iilque longum fruaris opto, Datum Londtni Qalendas Oblobr is asino 
 
 /alutis 1629. * 
 
 Theodoras de Mayerne Eques aurat. in JuU 
 \egum Magnae Britanni* lacobi e* Qaroli 
 <P„i is* F. Jrcbiatrorum Comes. 
 
6 V 
 V 
 
 eximium arte 5c vfu Pharmacopseum 
 5c Botanographum IfParktnfomm* 
 
 Erbarum vires, primus te (magne Britanna) 
 
 Edocuit medicas , inclytus artefophus. 
 
 Atque cluens herbis alter , Qhironis alumnus , 
 
 Defer ipjit plantas , neu cadat Vila [aim. 
 
 Fortunate fenexfis tu nunc tertius Heros 
 Hortos qui referas , deliciafque [oli. 
 
 Et flores Veneris latos, herba) que Virentes, 
 firboreos fatus, pharmacum ey arte potens. 
 
 Fo feritas iujlos pofihactibi/olvet honores , 
 
 Laudabit que tua dexteritatis opus. 
 
 ' ' '...na' : 
 
 Ottucllus Meucrell. D.M.& Collegi* 
 Mcd. Lond. focius. 
 
 Amico fuo loanni Tstrbjnfono. 
 
 f,f 4 
 
 Xtollunt altj quos (Parkinfone) labores 
 Da mihi iam veniam comminuijfe tuos i 
 Extremos poteris credi migraffe per Indos : 
 
 Qm liber haud aliud quam tum hortus hic eU ; 
 
 Jpfe habitare Indos tecum facis, haud petis Indos 
 I nunc, tua me comminuijfe refer. 
 
 Efi Uber Effigies, tuus hic qui pingitur hortus * 
 
 Digna manu facies hac, facieque manus J 
 Vidi ego fplendentem varigatis Vndique gemmis 
 Vna fuit Salomon,turba quid ergo fuiti 
 Vt Vario fplendent Fallacia regia /umptu. 
 
 Et Frocerum turbis yitria tota nitent i 
 Tunc cum fefta dies veniam dedit effefuperbis 
 Quo f que ficus texit , nunc tria rura tegunt : 
 
 FI ena tuo pariter [pellatur (furia in Horto, 
 
 Hic Frinceps, Dux hic, Sponfaque pulchra Ducis. 
 
 Opaque dies eft fefia dies, nec parcius vnquam 
 Luxuriant, lauta hac i Qpotidiana tamen. 
 
 Ecce <velut F atria Faradiji haud immemor Exui , 
 
 Hunc naturali pingit amore [ibi. 
 
 Fingit esr ad ViVum fub eodem nomine, cr hic efi 
 
 Fronticuli [udor quem cerebrique dedit ; „ 
 
 Aflat Adam medius Faradifo nofierin ifio 
 Et fpecies nomen cuique dat ipfe fuum. 
 
 Hos cape pro meritis , qui florem nomine donas 
 AFternum florens tu tibi Hpmen hafie, 
 
 u ' Guilidmus Atkins. 
 
 Gu.Turne- 
 rtu. M.D. 
 
 Io. Gerar-; 
 dus Chirur- 
 guj. 
 
 
Ad Amicum Ioannem Tarkinfonum P harmacopamm, 
 & Archibotanicum Londinenfem. 
 
 zffi&RFrica quas prof ertPlantas , quit* India mittit , 
 
 M|| Qum tua dat tellus, has tuus hortus habet : 
 
 ^jmjtque harum Species, florendi tempora, Vires t 
 £* 'varias formas i/le libellus habet: 
 
 Nefcio plus librum talem mirabor , an hortum 
 Totus inejl horto mundus ; at ift e libro. 
 
 Parkinfone tuus liber , (y labor ,zy tua fit laus , 
 
 Herbas dum nobis das ; datur herba tibi. 
 
 Ad Amicum loannemTarkinfonwn Pharmacopaeum 
 & Botanicum infignem. Carmen. 
 
 intas, 
 
 i 
 
 (luam magno cultum (tudio conquirere in hortum 
 Herbarum quicquid mundus in orbe tenet, 
 
 Jmmenfus fumptus, multofque extenfts in annos 
 Te labor afficiunt ? <sr data nulla quies. 
 
 Talia quaerenti, furgit novus ardor habendi, 
 
 Nec tibi tot ) oli munera magna petis ; 
 
 Tefcriptos vivd profers fub imagine flores, 
 
 Tumprofers men fee quicquid zy hortus alit. 
 
 Laudatos nobis fruBus (y promis honores , 
 
 'Profers, quas celebrant nullibi f cripta virum, 
 Herbarum fpecies, quibus efl quoque grata yenujlas : 
 
 Sic nos multiplici munere, Amice, beas. 
 
 Hoc cape pro meritis, florum dum gratia floret, 
 
 Suntque herbis vires . en tibi Nomen erit. 
 
 In ferum femper tua gloria floreat avum. 
 
 Gloria quet in longum non peritura diem , 
 
 Guilielmus Brodus Pharmacopami 
 acPhilobotanicus Londinenfis. 
 
 Thomas Iohnfon vtrinfquc 
 Societatis confers. 
 
1 
 
 THE 
 
 GARDEN OF PLEAS VRE. 
 
 Chap. I. 
 
 The fituation of a Garden of pleafure , 'frith the nature of foyles, and hou> to amend 
 the defects that are in many forts of fituations and grounds. 
 
 He feuerall fituations of mens dwellings, are for the moftparc 
 vnauoideable and vnremoueable 5 for moft men cannot appoint 
 forth fuch a manner of fituation for their dwelling, as is mod fit 
 toauoidcallthe inconucniences of windeand weather, but mufti 
 bee content with fuch as the place will afford them ; yet all men 
 doe well know, that fome fituations are more excellent thano- 
 t hers : according therfore to the feuerall fituation of mens dwel- 
 lings, fo are the fituations of their gardens alfo for the mod parr. 
 And although diuers doc diuerfly preferre their owne feuerall places which they haue 
 cholen, or wherein they dwell; As louitthofe places rW are neare vnto a riuer or 
 brookc to be beft for the pleafantneffe of the water, the eafe of trarjfpoitation of them- 
 -felucs, their friends and goods , as alfo forthe fertility of the foyle, which is feldome 
 bad ncarc vnto a riuers fide ; And others extoll thefide ortop of an hill , bee it fmall or 
 great, for the profpe&s fake ; Andagaine, fome the plaineor champian ground, for 
 the euen leueli thereof : euery one of which, as they haue their commodities accompa- 
 nying them, fo haue they alfo their difeommodities belonging vnto them, according to 
 the Latine Prouerbe, Omne commodum fert fuumwcommtdum. Yet to ihewyou for eue- 
 rie of thefe fituations which is the fitted: place to plant your garden in, and how to de- 
 fend it from the iniuries of the cold windes and frofts that may annoy it, will, I hope, be 
 well accepted. And firft, for the water fide, I fuppofetheNorthfideof the water to 
 be the bell: fide for your garden, that it may haue the comfort of the South Sunne to lye 
 vpon it and face it , and the dwelling houfe to bceaboueit,to defend the cold windes 
 and frofts both from your herbes , and flowers , and early fruits. And fo likewife I 
 iudge for the hill fide, that it may lye full open to the South Sunne, and the houfe aboue 
 it, both for the comfort the ground (hall receiue of the water and rainc defeending into 
 it, and of defence from winter and colds. Now for the plaine leueli ground, the buil- 
 dings of the houfe fhould be on the North fide of the garden, that fo they might beea 
 defence of much fufficiency to fafeguard it from many iniurious cold nights and dayes, 
 which elfe might Tpoyle the pride thereof in the bud. But becaufe euery one cannot fo 
 appoint his dwelling, as I here appoint the fitteft place for it to be, euery ones pleafure 
 thereof lhall be according to the fite,coft, and endeauours they bellow, to caufeit come 
 neareft to this proportion, by fuch helpes of bricke or ftone wals to defend it, or by the 
 helpeofhigh growne and well fpread trees, planted on the North fide thereof, to keepe 
 it the warmer. And euery of thefe three fituations , hauing the faireft buildings of the 
 houfe facing the garden in this manner before fpecified, befides the benefit of ihelterit 
 lhall haue from them, the buildings and roomes abutting thereon, lhall haue recipro- 
 cally the beautifull profpedt into it, and haue both fight and fent of whatfoeuer is ex- 
 cellent, and worthy to giue content out from it, which is one ofthe greateft pleafures a 
 garden can yeeld his Mafter. Now hauing fhewedyou thebeft placewhere this your 
 
 A garden 
 
t 7 * be ordering of the (jar den of Tleafttre. 
 
 garden ftiould be, let me like wife aduife you where it fliould not be, at leaf! that it is the 
 worft place wherein it may be, if it be either ontheWeftor Eaft fide of your houfe, or 
 that it (land in a raoorifli ground , or other vnwholfome ay re (for many, both fruits, 
 herbes, and flowers that are tender, participate with the ayre, taking in a manner their 
 chiefeftthriuing from thence) orneare any common Lay-ftalles, or common Sewers, 
 or elfe neare any great Brew-houfe, Dye-houfe, or any other place where there is much 
 fmoake, whether it beofftraw,wood,orcfpeciallyoffea-coales,whichof all other is 
 the worft, as our Citie of London can giue proofc (ufficient, wherein neither herbe nor 
 tree will long profper, nor hath done euer fince the vfc of fea-coalcs beganne to bee fre- 
 quent therein. And likewife that it is much the worfe, ifit bee neare vnto any Barnes or 
 Stackes of corne or hey , becaufe that from thence will continually with the winde bee 
 brought into the garden the ftrawe and chaffe of the corne, the duft and feede of the hey 
 to choake or pefter it. Next vnto the place or fituation , let meeihew you the grounds 
 or foy les for it, eyther naturali or artificiali. No man will deny, but the naturali blacke 
 mould is not only the fatteftand richeft, but farre exceedcth any other either naturali or 
 artificiali, as well in goodneffe as durability .And next thereunto,I hold the fandy loame 
 (which is light and yet firme , but not loofe as fand , nor ftiffe like vnto clay) to be lit- 
 tle inferiour for this our Garden ofpieafurej for that it doth caufc all bulbous and tu- 
 berous rooted plants to thriue fufficientlytherein, as likewife all other flower- plants, 
 Rofes, Trees, &c. which ifit (hall decay by much turning and working out the heart of 
 it, may foone be helped with old ftable manure of horfes, being well turned in, when it 
 is old and almoft conuerted to mould. Other grounds, as chalke, fand,grauelI,or clay, 
 arecueryof them one more or lefle fertili or barren than other ; apd therefore doe re- 
 quire fuch helpes as is moft fir for them. And thofe grounds that are ouer dry, loofe, and 
 duftie, the manure of flail fedde beads and cattell being buried or trenched into the 
 eaith , and when it is thorough rotten (which will require twice the time that the ftable 
 foyle ofhorfes will) well turned and mixed with the earth, is thebeft foyleto temper 
 both the heateand drinefle of them. So contrariwife the ftable dung of horfes is the beft 
 for cold grounds, to giue rhera and life. But of all other forts of grounds, the ftiffe 
 
 clay is the very worft forthis:purpofe ; for that although you fhould diggeout the whole 
 compalfe of your Garden, carry it away, and bring other good mould in theftead there- 
 of, and fill vp the place, yet the nature of that clay is fo predominant, that in a fmall time 
 it will eate out the heart of the good mould , and conuert it to its owne nature , or very 
 nearevnto it : fothatto bring it to any good, there muft bee continuall labour bellowed 
 thereon, by bringing into it good ftore of chalke, lime , or fand , or elfe afhes eyther of 
 wood or of fea-coales (which is thebeft for this ground) well mixed and turned in with 
 it. And as this ftiffe clay is the worft, fo what ground foeuer commeth neareft vnto the 
 nature thereof, is neareft vnto it in badneffe, the fignes whereof are the ouermuch moy- 
 fture thereofin Winter, and themuch cleauingand chapping thereof in Summer, when 
 the heate of the y care hath confumed the moy fture, which ty ed and bound it faft toge- 
 ther, as alfo the ftiffe and hard working therein : but if the nature of the clay bee not too 
 ftiffe, but as it were tempered and mixed with fand or other earths, your old ftable 
 foyleofhorfes will hclpewell the fmall rifting or chapping thereof, to be plentifully 
 beftowed therin in a fit feafon.Somealfo do commend the calling of ponds and ditches, 
 to helpe to manure thefe ftiffe chapping grounds. Other grounds,rhat are ouermoift by 
 fprings,that lye too neare the vpper face of the earth, befides that the beds thereof had 
 need to be laid vp higher , and the allies , as trenches and furrowes , to lye lower , the 
 ground it felfehadneedetohaue fome good ftore of chalke-ftones beftowed thereon, 
 fome certaine yeares, ifit may be, before it be laid into a Garden, that the Winter frofts 
 may breake the chalke fmall, and the Rainc diflolue it into mould, that fo they may bee 
 well mixed together ; than which, there is not any better manure to foyle fuchamoift 
 ground, to helpe to dry vp the moy fture, and to giue heateand life to the coldnefTc 
 thereof, which doth al way es accompany thefe moift grounds, and alfo to caufe it abide 
 longer in heartthan any other. Forthelandy and grauelly grounds, although I know 
 the well mollified manure of beaftsand cattell to be excellentgood, yet 1 know alfo,that 
 fome commend a white Marie, and fomea clay to be well fpread thereon, and after tur- 
 ned thereinto : and for the chalkie ground, e conuerft, I commend fatte clay to helpe it. 
 Y ou muft vndcrftand, that the lefle rich or more barren that your ground is , there nee- 
 

 The ordering of the (jar den of'Vle.fure. 
 
 deth the more care, labour, and colt to bee bellowed thereon , both to order it rightly, 
 & fo topreferue it from time to time : for no artificiali or forc’t ground can endure good 
 any long time, but that within a few ycares it mull be refrtlhed more orlellc, according 
 as it doth require. Yet you Hull likewife vnderftand, that this Garden of pleafure ftor<. d 
 with thefe Out-landilh flowers ; that is, bulbous and tuberous rooted plants , and other 
 fine flowers, that I haue hereafter deferibed, and afligned vntoit, needeth not fo much 
 or fo often manuring with foyle, &c. as another Garden planted with the other lorts of 
 Englilli flowers, or a Garden of ordinary Kitchin herbes doth. Yourground likewife 
 for' this Garden had neede to bee well cleanfed from all annoyances (that may hinder 
 the well doing or profpering of the flowers therein) as (lones, weedcs, rootesof trees, 
 bullies, &c. and all other things cumberfomc or hurtfull ; and therefore theearth being 
 not naturally fine enough ofitfclfe, is vfed to bee lifted to make it the finer, andthac 
 either through a hurdle made of flicks, or lathes, or through fquare or round lieues plat- 
 ted withfineand ftrong thin llickes, or withwyers in the bottome. Or elfe the whole 
 earth of the Garden being com ic, may be call in the fame manner that men vfeto try or 
 fine land from grauell , that is,againll a wall ; whereby the courfer and more ftony, fal- 
 ling downe from the’ fine, is to be taken away from the foote of the heape, the finer fand 
 andgroundremaining ftillaboue, and on the heape. Or elfe in the want ofa wall to call 
 itagainll, I haue feene earth fined by itfelfein this manner : Hauing made theflooreor 
 vpper part of a large plat of ground cleane from Hones, See. let there a rcafonable round 
 heape of fine earth be fet in the midft thereof, or in Head t hereofa large Garden flower- 
 pot, or other great pot, the bottome turned vp wards, and then poure your courfe earth 
 on the top or head thereof, one fhouell full after another fome what gently, and thereby 
 all the courfe ftuffe and Hones will fall downe to the bottome round about the heape, 
 which mult continually be carefully taken away , and thus you may make your earth as 
 fine as if it were call againft a wall, the heape being gro wne great, feruing it> Head there- 
 of. Thofe that will not prepare their grounds in fome of thefe manners afbrefaid, lhall 
 foone finde to their Ioffe the neglcdi thereof : for the tralh and Hones fhall fo hinder the 
 encreale of their roots, that they will be halfe loft in the earth among the Aones, which 
 elfe might be faued to ferue to plant wherefoeuer they flcafe. 
 
 Chap. II. 
 
 The frame tr farmetf a Garden of delight and pleafure, with the feueraU 
 varieties thereof. 
 
 A Lthoughmany men mijllbe content with any platofground, of whatformeor 
 quantity foeuer it bee, more or lefle, for their Garden, becaufeamorelargeor 
 conuenient cannot bee had to their habitation: Yetlperfwade my felfe, that 
 Gentlemen of the better fort and quality, will prouide filch a patcell of ground to bee 
 laid out for their Garden, and in fuch conuenient manner, as may be fit and anfwerablc 
 to the degree they hold. Toprefcribeone forme for euery man to follow, were too 
 great prefumption and folly : for eucry man will pleafe his owne fancie , according to 
 the extent he defigneth out for that purpofe,be it orbicular or round, triangular or three 
 fquare, quadrangular or foure fquare, or more long than broad. Iwillonelyfhewyou 
 herethe feuerall formes that many men haue taken and delighted in, let euery manchufe 
 which him liketh befl, or may mod fitly agree to that proportion of ground hee hath fet 
 out for that purpofe. The orbicular or round forme is held in it owne proper exiftcncc 
 to be the mod abfolute forme, containing within it all other formes whatfoeucr; but few 
 I thinke will chufe fuch a proportion to be ioyned to their habitation, being not accep- 
 tedany whereIthink,butfor the generali Garden to the Vniuerfity at Padoa. The tri- 
 angular or three fquare is fuch a forme alfo, as is feldome chofen by any thatmay make 
 another choife, and as I thinke is onely had where another forme cannot be had , necef- 
 fitic conftraining them to betherewith content. The foure fquare forme is the mod vfu- 
 ally accepted with all, and doth bell agree to any mans dwelling, being (as I faid befor'*) 
 behinde the houfe, all the backe windowes thereof opening into it. Y et if it bee longer 
 than the breadth , or broader than the length, the proportion of walkes, fquares,and 
 knots may be foon brought to the fquare formc,and be fo call, a$ t he beauty thereof m ay 
 
 A a be 
 
5 
 
 The ordering of the (jarden ofTleafure. 
 
 bee no leffc than the fourefquare proportion, orany other better forme, ifany be. To 
 forme it therfore with walks, eroffe the middle both waies,and round about it alfo with 
 hedges, with fquares, knots and trayles , orany other worke within the fourefquare 
 parts, is according as euery mans conceit alloweth of it, and they will be at the charge : 
 For there may be therein walkes eyther open or clofe, eyther publike,or priuate, a maze 
 or wilderneffe, a rocke or mount, with a fountaine in the midft thereof to conuey water 
 to euery part of the Garden, eyther in pipes vnder the ground, or brought by hand, and 
 emptied into large Cifternes or great Turkic Iarres, placed in conucnient places, to 
 feine as an cafe to water the neareft parts thereunto. Arbours alfo being both gracefull 
 and necc(fary,may be appointed in fuch conucnient places, as thecorners,orclfe where, 
 as may be moll fit, to ferue both for (hadow and reft after walking. And becaufe many 
 are defirous to fee the formes of trayles, knots , and other compartiments, andbecaufe 
 the open knots are more properforthele Out-landifh flowers ; I haue here caufed fomc 
 to be drawne, tofatisfie their defires, not intending to cumberthis worke with ouer ma- 
 nic, in that it would be almoft endleffe, to expreffe fo many as might bee conceiued and 
 fet downe, for that euery man may inuent others farre differing from thefe,or any other 
 canbefetforth. Let euery man therefore, if hee like of thefe, take what may pleafe his 
 mind, or out of thefe or his own conceit, frame any other to his fancy, or caufe others to 
 be done as he liketh beft, obferuing t his decorum, that according to bis ground he do caft 
 out his knots, with conuenicnt roome for allies and walkes jfor the fairer and larger your 
 allies and Walkes be, the more grace your Garden fhall haue, the leffe harme the herbes 
 and flowers fhall receiue, by palling by them that grow next vnto the allies fides, and the 
 better fhall your Wceders cleanfe both the beds and the allies. 
 
 Chap. III. 
 
 The trier. y forts of herbs end other things, wherewith the beds end perts of knots ere bordered 
 to ft out the forme of them , with their commodities and difeommodities . 
 
 I T is necefTary alfo, that I (hew you the feuerall materials, wherewith thefe knots and! 
 trayles are fet forth and bordered; which are of two forts : The one are liuing 
 herbes, and the other are dead materials • as leadc,boords, bones, tyles, &c. Of 
 herbes, there are many forts wherewith the knots and beds in a Garden arc vfedtobcc 
 fet, to Ihcw forth the forme of them, and to preferue them the longer in their forme , as 
 alfo to be as greene, and fweete herbes, while they grow,to be cut to perfume the houfe, 
 keeping them in fuch order and proportion, as may be moft conucnient for their feuerall 
 natures , and euery mans pleafure and fancy : Of all which , I intend to giuc you the 
 knowledge herein this place ; and firft, to begin with that which hath beene moft anci- 
 ently receiued, which is Thrift. This is an eueriiuing greene herbe, which many take to 
 border their beds, and fet their knots and trayles, and therein much delight, becaufe it 
 will grow thickcand bufhie, and may be kept, being cut with a paire of Garden fheercs, 
 in fome good handfome manner and proportion for a time, and befides, in the Summer 
 time fend forth many fhorrftalkes of pleafant flowers, todecke vp an houfe among o- 
 ther fweete herbes: Yet thefe inconueniences doe accompany it; it will notonelyina 
 fmall time ouergrow the knot or tray le in many places, by growing fo thickcand bufhie, 
 that it will put out the forme of a knot in many places : but alfo much thereof will dye 
 with the frofts and fnowes in Winter, and with the drought in Summer, whereby many 
 voide places will be feene in the knot, which doth much deforme it, and muff therefore 
 bee yearely refreflied : the thickneffe alfo and bufhing thereof doth hide and fhclter 
 fnayles and other fmall noyfomewormesfo plentifully, that Gilloflowers , and other 
 fine herbes and flowers being planted therein, are much fpoyled by them, and cannot be 
 helped without much induftry , and very great and daily attendanceto deftroy them. 
 Germander is another herbe, in former times alfo much vfed, and yet alfo in many pla- 
 ces 5 andbecaufe it will grow thicke,and may be kept alfo in fome forme and proportion 
 with cutting, and that the cuttings are much vfed as a drawing herbe for houfes, being 
 pretty and fweete, is alfo much affedted by diuers : but this alfo will often dye and grow 
 out of forme, "and befides that, the ftalkes will grow too great, hard and ftubby , the 
 rootesdoe fo farre fhoote vnder ground, that vpon a little continuance thereof, will 
 
 A 3 fpread 
 
6 
 
 The ordering of the (far den ofT 3 lea jure. 
 
 fpreadinto many places within the knot, which it continually they be not plucked yp, 
 they will fpoile the whole knot it felfe ; and therefore once in three or foure y cares at t he 
 moft, it mull be taken vp and new fet, or elfe it will grow too roy nidi and cumberfome, 
 HylTope hath alfo been vfed to be fet about a knot,and being fweet, will feme for ft row- 
 ings, as Germander : Butthis, although the rootesdoe not runne or creep like it, y a the 
 ftalkes doe quickly grow great aboue ground, and dye often after the firft y cares letting, 
 whereby the grace of the knot will be much loft. Marierome, Sauorie, and Thyme, in 
 the like manner being fweete herbes, are vfed to bordervp beds and knots, and will be 
 kept fora little while, witheutting, into fome conformity • but all and euery of them 
 feme moft commonly but for oneyearesvfe, and will foone decay and perifh: and 
 therefore none of thefe , no more than any of theformer, doe I commend for a good 
 bordering herbe forthis purpofe. Lauander Cotton alfo being finely flipped and fet, is 
 of many, and thofeofthe higheft refpcdf of late daies, accepted, both for the beauty and 
 forme of the herbe, being of a whitifh grecne mealy colour, for his fent fmelling fome- 
 what ftrong, and being euerliuing and abidinggreene all the Winter, will, by cutting, be 
 kept in as euen proportion as any other herbe may be. This will likewife foone grow 
 great and flubbed, notwithftanding the cutting, and befides will no w ^nd then perifh in 
 fome places, efpecially if you doe not ftrike or put offthe fnow,before the Sunne lying 
 vpon it diffolue it : The rarity & nouelty of this herbe, being for the moft part but in the 
 Gardens ofgreatperfons, doth caufe it to be ofthe greater regard,itmuft therfore be re- 
 newed wholly euery fecond or third yeare at the moft, becaufeof the great growing 
 therof.SIips of luniper or Yewarealto receiued of fome & planted, becaufe they areal- 
 wayes green, and that the Iuniper efpecially hath not that ill fent that Boxe hath, which 
 I will prefently commend vnto you, yet both Iuniper and Y ew will foon grow too great 
 and flubbed, andforceyoutotakevpyourknorfooner, than if it were planted with 
 Boxe. Which laftly, I chiefly and aboue all other herbes commend vn o you, and being 
 a final}, lowe, or dwarfe kinde, is called French or Dutch Boxe , and feructh very well 
 tofet out any knot, or border out any beds: for be fides that it is euer grecne, itbeing 
 rcafonable thicke fet, will eafily be cut and formed into any faftuon one will, according 
 to the nattne thereof, which is to grow very flowly, and will notin a long rime rife to be 
 of any height, but fhcotingfortbmany fmallbranchesfromtheroote, willgrowvery 
 thicke, and yet not require fo great tending, nor fo much perifh as any oftheformer,and 
 isonely receiuedinto the Gardensof thofe that arecurious. This (as I beforefaid) I 
 commend and hold to bee the bed and fureft herbe to abide faire and grecne in all the 
 bitter ftormes of the fharpeft Winter, and all the great heates and droughts of Summer, 
 and doth recompencethewantofagood fweet fent with his frefh verdure, cuen pro- 
 portion, and long Iafting continuance. Yet thefe inconueniences it hath, that befides 
 the vnpleafing fent which many miflike, and yet is but fmall, the rootes of this Boxe do 
 fo much fpread themfelues into theground of the knot, anddoe draw from thence fo 
 much nourifhment.that it robbeth all the herbesthat grow neare it of their fap and fub- 
 ftance, thereby making all the earth about it barren, or at leaft leffe fertile. Wherefore 
 to fhewyouthe remedy of this inconuenienceoffpreading, without eithertaking vpthe 
 Boxe of the border , or the herbes and flowers in the knot, islthinkeafecretknownc 
 butvntoafew, which is this: You fliall take a broad pointed Iron like vntoaSIifeor 
 Cheflill, which thruftdownc right into the ground a good depth all along the infide of 
 the border of Boxe fomewhat clofe thereunto, you may thereby cut away the fpreading 
 rootes thereof, which draw fo much moifture from the other herbes on the infide, and 
 by this meanes both preferne your herbes and flowers in the knot , and your Boxe alfo, 
 for tjiacthe Boxe will be nouriftredfufficiently from the rt ft of the rootes it fhooteth on 
 all theother fides. And thus much for the liuing herbes , that ferue to let or border vp 
 any knot. Now for the dead materials, they are alfo, as I faid before diuers : as firft, 
 Leade, which fome that arecurious doe bordertheir knots withall, caufingit to be cut 
 ofthe breadth offoure fingers, bowing thelower edge a little outward , that it may lye 
 vnderthe vpper cruft of the ground, and that it may (land the fafter,and making the vp- 
 per edge either plain, or cut out like vnto the battlements of a Church : this fafhion hath 
 delighted fome, whohaueaccounteditftately(attheleaftcoftly) and fit for their de- 
 gree, and the rather, becaufe it will be bowed and bended into any round fquare, angu- 
 lar, or other proportion as one lifleth, and is not much to be mifliked, in that the Leade 
 
 doth 
 
The ordering of the (far den ofTleafure, 
 
 doth not eafily breake or fpoile without much injury, and keepeth vp a knot for a very 
 long time in his due proportion ; but in my opinion , the Leade is ouer-hot for Sum- 
 mer, and ouer-cold for Winter. Others doe take Oaken inch boords,and fawing them 
 foure or flue inches broad, do hold vp their knot therewith : but in that thefe boordes 
 cannot bee dra wne compaffe into any fmall (cantling, they muftferue rather for long 
 outright beds, or fuch knots as haue no rounds, halfe rounds, or compaflings in them. 
 And befidcs, thefe boordes are not long lading, becaufe they ftand continually in the 
 weather, efpecially theends where they are faftned together will fooneft rot and pe- 
 rifh, and fo the whole forme will be fpoyled. To preuent that fault, fome others haue 
 chofen the (hankc bones of Sheep, which after they haue beene well cleanfed and 
 boyled, to takeout the fat from them, are ftucke into the ground the fmall end downe- 
 wards, and the knockle head vpwards, and thus being fet fide to fide, or end to end 
 clofe together, they fet out the whole knot therewith, which heads of bones although 
 they looke not white the firft ycare , yet afterrhey haue abiden fome frofts and heates 
 will become white,and prettily grace outtheground : butthis inconuenienceis inci- 
 dent to them, that the Winter frofts will raife them out of theground oftentimes,and 
 if by chance the knockle head of any doe breake, or be ftrucke off with any ones foot, 
 &c. going by, from youfftore, that lyeth by you of the fame fort , fet another in the 
 place, hauing firft taken away the broken peece: although thefe will laft long in forme 
 and order, yet becaufe they are but bones many miflike them , and indeed I know but 
 few that vfe them. Tyles are alfo vfed by fome, which by reafon they may bee 
 brought compalle into any fafliion many are pleaded with them, who doe not take the 
 whole Tyleat length, but halfe Tyles , and otherbroken peeces fet fomewhat deepe 
 into the ground, that they may ftand faff, and thefe take vp but little roome, and keepe 
 vp the edge of the beds and knots in a pretty comely manner, but they are often out of 
 frame , in that many of them are broken and fpoilcd,both with mens feete pafling by, 
 the weather and weight of the earth beating them downe and breaking them, bute- 
 fpecially the frofts in Winter doe fo crackc off their edges, both at the toppesand 
 fides that ftand clofe one vnto another , that they muft bee continually tended and re- 
 paired, with frefh and found ones put in the place of them that are broken or decayed. 
 Andlaftly(for it is the lateft inuention) round whitifh or blewilh pebble ftones, of 
 fome reafor.able proportion and bigneffe, neither too great nor too little, haue beene 
 vfed by fome to be fet, or rather in a manner but laide vpon the ground to falhion out 
 thetraile or knot, or all along by the largegrauelly walke fides to fet outthe walke,and 
 maketh a pretty handfomefi.ew, and becaufe the ftones will not decay with the inju- 
 ries of any time or weather, and will be placed in their places againe, if any fiiould be 
 thruft out by any accident, as alfo that their fight is fo confpicuous vpon theground, 
 efpecially if they be not hid with the ftore of herbes growing in the knot ; is accounted 
 both for durability, beauty of the fight, handfomneffe in the worke , and eafe in the 
 working and charge, to be of all other dead materials the chiefeft. And thus. Gen- 
 tlemen , I haue (hewed you all the varieties that I know are vfed by any in our Coun- 
 trey, that are worth the reciting (buras for the falhion of Iawe-bones, vfed by fome 
 in the Low Countries, and other places beyond the Seas, being too gro(Te and bafe, I 
 make no mention of them) among which euery one may take what pleafeth him beft, 
 or may moft fitly be had, or may beft agree with the ground or knot. Moreouer , all 
 thefe herbes that feme for borderings, doe ferue as well to be fet vpon the ground of a 
 leuelled knot ; that is, where the allies and foot-pat hes are of the fame leueil with the 
 knot, as they may ferue alfo for the raifed knot , that is, where the beds of the knot are 
 raifed higher than the allies : but both Leade, Boordes, Bones, and Tyles, are only for 
 the raifed ground , be it knot or beds. The pebble ftones againe are onely for the le- 
 uelled ground, becaufe they arefo (hallow, that as I faid before, they rather lye vpon 
 the earth than are thruft any way into it. All this that I haue here fet downe, you muft 
 vnderftand is proper for the knots alone of a Garden. But for to border rhe whole 
 fquare or knot about, to ferue as a hedge thereunto, euery one taketh what liketh him 
 beft ; as either Priuetalone, or fweete Bryer , and white Thorne enterlaced together, 
 and Rofes of one, or two, or moreforts placed here and there amongfl them. Some 
 alfo take Lauander,Rofemary,Sage, Southernwood, Lauander Cotton, or fome fuch 
 other thing. Some againe plant Cornell Trees, and plaflr them, or keepe them lowe,to 
 
 forme 
 
8 
 
 The ordering of the (garden ofTleafure. 
 
 forme them into an hedge. And fome againe take alowe prickly Ihrubbe, that abideth 
 alwayesgreene, deferibed in the end of this Booke, called in Latinc Pyracantha , which 
 in time will make an euer greenc hedge or border, and when it beareth fruit , which are 
 red berries like vnto Hawthorne berries, make a glorious fhew among the greene leaues 
 in the Winter time, when no other Ihrubbes haue fruit or leaues. 
 
 j( Chap. IV. 
 
 Tht nature ini names of diners Ont-Undifh flowers, that for their pride, leant j , and 
 earlineffe, are to le planted in Gardens of pltafure for delight. 
 
 H Auing thus formed out a Garden , and diuided it into his fit and due proporti- 
 on, with all the gracefull knots , arbours, walkes,&c. likewife what is fit to 
 keepe it in the fame comely order, is appointed vnto it, both for the borders of 
 thcfquarcs, and for the knots and beds themfelues • let vs now come and furnifh the 
 inward parts, and beds with thole fine flowers that (being drapers vnto vs, and giuing 
 the beauty and brauery of their colours fo early before many of our owne bred flowers, 
 the more to entice vs to their delight) are mod befeeming it : and namely , with Daffo- 
 dils, Fritillarias, Iacinthes, Saffron- flowers, Lillies, Flowerdeluces, T ulipas. Anemo- 
 nes, French Cowflips,or Beareseares,and a number of fuch other flowers, very beau- 
 tifull, delightfull , andpleafant, hereafter deferibed at full, whereof although many 
 haue little fweete fent to commend them, yet theit earlineffe and exceeding great beau- 
 tie and varietie doth lo farre counteruaile that defeifl (and yet I muff tell you with all, 
 that there is among the many forts of them fome, and that not a few , that doe excell in 
 fweetnefle, being fo ftrong and heady, that they rather offend by too much than by too 
 little fent , and florae againe arc of fo mildc and raoderatetemper,that they fcarce come 
 fhottof your mod delicate and dantieft flowers) that they are alraoft in all places with 
 all perfons, efpecially with the better fort pf the Gentry of the Land, as greatly defired 
 and accepted as any other the ihofl choifeft,and the rather, for that the mod part oft hele 
 Out-landilh flowers, do fhew forth their beauty and colours fo early in the yeare , that 
 they feeme to make a Garden of delight euen in the Winter time , and doe fo giue their 
 flowers one after another, that all their brauery is not fully fpent,vntil that Gilliflowers, 
 the pride of our Englifh Gardens, do drew themfelues : So that whofoeuer would haue 
 of euery fort of thefe flowers, may haue for euery moncth feuerall colours and varieties, 
 cuen from Chriflmas vntill Midfommer,or after ; and then, after fome little rcfpite,vn- 
 till Chriflmas againe, and that in fome plenty, with great content and without forcingj 
 fo that euery man may haue them in euery place , if they will take any care of them. 
 And becaufethere bee many Gentlewomen and others , that would gladly haue fome 
 fine flowersto furnilh their Gardens, but know not whatthe names ofthofe things are 
 thatthey defire, notwhatare the times oftheirflowring, northe skill and knowledge 
 , of their right ordering, planting, difplanting,tranfplanting,and replanting 5 1 haue here 
 for their fakes let downe the nature, names, times, and manner of ordering in a briefe 
 manner, referring the more ample declaration of them to the worke following. And 
 fird of their names and natures : Of Daffodils there are almoft an hundred forts, as they 
 are fcuerally deferibed hereafter, euery one to be diflinguilhed from other, both in their 
 times, formes, and colours, fome being eyther white, or yellow, or mixt,orelfe being 
 fmall or great, Angle or double, and fome hauing but one flower vpon a flalke, others 
 many, whereof many arc fo exceeding fweete, that a very few are fufficient to perfume 
 a whole chamber, and belides, many of them be lo fairc and double, eyther one vpon 
 a flalke, or many vpon a flalke, that one or two dalkes of flowers are in dead of a whole 
 nofc-gay, or bundell of flowers tyed together.This I doe affirme vpon good kuowledge 
 and certaine experience, and not as a great many others doe , tell of the wonders of an- 
 other world, which themfelues neuerfaw nor euer heard of, except fome fuperficiall 
 relation, which themfelues haue augmented according to their ownefanfie and con- 
 ceit. Againe, let me herealfo by the way tell you , that many idle and ignorant Gardi- 
 ners and others, who get names by dealth, as they doe many other things, doe call 
 
 fome 
 
The ordering of the (jar den of P leafure. 
 
 fomc^KhdeDlfcdib Narciffe^when as all know that know any Latine, thuNar- 
 ciffus is the Latine name , and Daffodill the Englifh of one and the fame thing, and 
 thereforealone without any other Epithite cannot properly diftinguuh feuerall mines. 
 
 I would willingly therefore that all would grow iudicious,and call euery thing by his < 
 proper Encflifli name in fpeaking Englifh, orelfeby fuch Latinename as euery thing 
 hath that hath not a proper Englifh name , that thereby they may diftinguiflr the (cue- 
 rail varieties of things and notconfound them, as alfo to take away all excufes of mifta- 
 king • as for example : The Angle Englifh baftard Daffodill (which groweth wdde in 
 many Woods, G roues, and Orchards in England.) The double Englifh ba flare] Daffo- 
 dill. The French fingle white Daffodill many vpon a ftalke. The French double yel- 
 low Daffodill. The great, or the little, or the lead Spanifh yellow Md^d^Daftodill, 
 or the great or little Spanifh white Daffodill. The Turkie fingle white Daffodill, or, The 
 Turkic fingle or double white Daffodill many vpon $ftalke 3 &c* Of Fritillana, oi the 
 checkerd Daffodill, there are halfc a fcore feuerall forts, both white and red, both yel- 
 low and blacke , which area wonderfull grace and ornament to a Garden in regard of 
 the Checker like fpots are in the flowers. Of Iacinthes thereare aboue halfe an hundred 
 forts as they are fpecified hereafter ; fome like vnto little bells orftarres , others like 
 vnto little bottles or pearles, both white and blew, sky-coloured and blufb , and fome 
 ftarUkcof many pretty various formes , and all to giue delight to them that will be cu- 
 rious to obferue them. Of Crocus or Saffron flowers, thereare alfo twenty forts; 
 fomeof the Spring time, others flowring onely in the Aurumeor Fall, earlier or later 
 than another fome whereof abide but a while, others indure aboue a monethin their 
 glorious beauty. The Colchicum or Medowe Saffron, which fome call the fonne be- 
 fore the father, but not properly, is of many forts alfo ; fome flowring in the Spring of 
 the yearc , but the mod in Autume , whereof fome haue faire double flowers very de- 
 liehtfuil to behold, and fome party coloured both fingle and double fo varrable, that it 
 would make any one admire the worke of the Creatour in the various fpots and ffripcs 
 of thefe flowers. Then haue wee of Lillies twenty feuerall forts and colours, among 
 whom I muff reckon the Crowne Imperiali , that for his ftately forme deferueth fome 
 fpeciall place in this Garden, as alfo the Martagons,beth white and red, both blufh and 
 vdlow. that require to be fet by thcmfelues apart , as it were in a fmall round or fquare 
 of a knot, without many other, or tall flowers growing neare them. But to tell you of 
 all the forts of Tulipas (which are the pride of delight) they are fo many , and as I may 
 lav, almoft infinite, doth both paffe my ability , and as I belecue the skill of any other. 
 They are of two efpcciall forts , fome flowring earlier , and others later than their f cl- 
 lowes, and that naturally in all grounds , wherein there is fuch a wonderfull vauety 
 and mixture of colours.that it is almoft impoffible for the wit of man to defcipher them 
 thoroughly, and to giue names that may be true & feuerall diftindrons to euery flower 
 threefcorc feuerall forts of colours Ample and mixed of each kind I can reckon vp that I 
 hauc,and of efpcciall note, and yet Idoubtnot,but foreuery one ofthera there are ten o- 
 thers differing from them, which may be feen at feuerall times and m feuerall places: & 
 befides this glory ofvariety in colors that thefe flowers haue,they carry fo ftately & dc- 
 lightfull a forme, & do abide fo long in their brauery (endunng aboue three whole mo- 
 neths from the firft vnto the laft) that there is no Lady or Gentlewoman of any worth 
 that is not caught with this delight, or not delighted with thefe flowers. The Anemo- 
 neslikewifeor Windeflowersare fo full of variety and fo damty , fo plcafantand fo 
 dcliPhtfome flowers, that the fight of them doth enforce an carneft longing defire m the 
 mindeofany one to be a poffeffour offomeofthem at the Icaft : For wrthout all doubr, 
 this one kinde of flower , fo variable in colours, fo differing in forme (being almoft as 
 many forts of them double as fingle) fo plentiful in bearing flowers , and fo durable in 
 lading, and alfo fo eafie both to preferue and toencreafe, is of it felfe alone almoft fuf- 
 ficicnt to furnifh a garden with their flowers for almoft halfe the yeare , as Ifhall ihew 
 you in a fit and conuenient place. The Beares cares or French Cowflips mult not want 
 their defemed commendations, feeing that their flowers, being many let together 
 vpon a ftalke , doe feerae euery one of them to bee a Nofegay alone of it (cite : and 
 befides the many differing colours that are to be feene in them, as white, ycllow,bium ? 
 purple, red, tawney , murrey, haire colour, &c . which encreafemuch delight in a 
 forts of the Gentry of the Land, they are not ynfutnifhed with a pretty * wcct< ^^G 
 
IO 
 
 The orderingof the (jar den of Tleajure . 
 
 which doth adde anencreafeof pleaiurein thole that make them an ornament for 
 their wearing. Flowerdeluces alfo are of many forts, but diuided into twoefpeciall 
 kindes ^ the oiie bearing a leafe like a flagge, whofe rootes are tuberous, thickeand 
 fliort (onckindeof them being the Orris rootes that are fold at the Apothecaries, 
 whereof fweete powders are made to lye among garments) the other hauing round 
 rootes hkevnto Onions, and narrow long leauesfomewhat like graffe : Of both thefe 
 kindes there is much variety, efpecially in their colours. The greater Flagge kindeis 
 frequent enoughanddifperfed inthis Land, and well doth feme to deckevp both a 
 Garden and Houfe with natures beauties : But the chiefe of all is your Sable flower 
 fo fit for a mourning habit, that I thinke in the whole compafle of natures flore’ 
 there is not a more patheticall, or of greater correfpondency, nor yet among all the 
 flowers I know any one comming neare vnto the colour of it. The other kinde which 
 hath bulbous or Onion like rootes , diuerlifieth it felfe alfo into fo many fine colours, 
 being ofa more neatelhapeandfuccindf forme than the former, that it muff not bee 
 wanting tO furnilh this Garden. The Hepatica or Noble Liucrwoort is another flow- 
 er of account, whereof fome are white, others red, or blew, or purple , i'omewhat re- 
 fcrabling Violets, but that there are white threads in the middeft of their flowers, 
 which adde the more grace vnto them ; and one kinde of them is fo double , that it re- 
 fembieth a double thicke Dafie or Marigold, but being fmall and of an cxc client blew 
 colour, is like vnto a Button ; but that which commendeth the flower as much as the 
 beauty , is the earli neffe in flowring, for that it is one of the very firft flowers that open 
 themfelues after Chriftmas, euen in the midft of Winter. The Cyclamen or Sowe- 
 bread is a flower of rare receipt, becaufc it is naturally hard toencreafe, and that the 
 flowers are like vnto red or blulh coloured Violets, flowring in the end of Summer or 
 beginning of Autumne : the leaues likewife hereof haue no fmall delight in their plea- 
 fant colour, being fpottedand circled white vpon grecne,and that which raoft prefer- 
 red! it, isrhe Phyficall properties thercoffor women , which I will declare when I 
 fhall Ihew you the feuerall, defections of the varieties in his proper place. Many o- 
 ther forts of flowers there are fit to fiirnifh this Garden, as Leucoium or Bulbous Vio- 
 let, both early and late flowring. Mufcari or Muskc Grape flower. Starre flowers ofdi- 
 uc-rs forts. Phalangium orSpiderwort, tbechiefeof manyisthat fort whofe flowers 
 are like vnto a white Lilly. Winter Crowfootcor Wolfes bane. The Chriftmas flow- 
 erlike vnto a Angle white Rofe. Bell flowers of many kindes. Yellow Larkes fpurre, 
 the prettied flower of a fcore inaGarden. Flower-gentle or Floramour. Flowerof 
 thcSunne. TheMaruaileof Peruorof the world. DoubleMarlh Marigold or dou- 
 ble yellow Buttons, much differing and farre exceeding your double yellow Crow- 
 foote, which fome call Batchelours Buttons. Double French Marigolds that fmel! 
 well, and ts a greater kinde than the ordinary, and farre furpaflfeth it. The double red 
 Ranunculus or Cro wfoote (farre excelling the moftglorious double Anemone) and is 
 like vnto our great yellow double Crowfoote. Thus hauing giuen you the know- 
 ledge of fome of the choifeft flowersfor the beds ofthis Garden, let mcalfo (hew you 
 what are fitted for your borders , and for your arbours. The lafmine white and yel- 
 low. The double Hor.yfockle. The Ladies Bower, both whire.and red, and purple 
 Angle and double, are the fitteft of Outlandifh plants to fet by arbours and banqueting 
 houfes, that are open, both before and aboue to belpe to couerthem, and togiueboth 
 fight, fmell, and delight. The forts of'Rofes are fitteft for ftandards inthe hedgesor 
 borders. The Cherry Bay or Laurocerafus. The Rofe Bay or Oleander. The white 
 andtheblew Syringa or Pipe tree, arc ailgracefull and delightfull to fet at feuerall 
 diftances in the borders of knots; for fome of them giue beautifull and fweete flowers. 
 The Pyracantha or Prickly Corall tree doth remaine with greene leaues all the yeare, 
 and may be plafhed, or laid downe , or ry ed to make a fine hedge to border the whole 
 knot, as is laid before. The Wilde Bay or Laurus Tinus, doth chiefly defireto be fhel- 
 tered vnder a wall, where it will beft thriue,and giue you his beautiful! flowers in Win- 
 ter for your delight, in recompence of his fenced dwell ing. The D warfe Bay or Mefe- 
 reon, is moil commonly either placed in the midft of a knot, or at the corners thereof, 
 and fometimes all along a walkt for the more grace. And thus to fit euery ones fancy, 
 
 I hauefhewed you the variety of natures ftorein fome parr for youto diipofc of them 
 to your beft content. 
 
 Chap. 
 
The ordering of the (jar den of'Pleafure. 
 
 Chap. V. 
 
 The nature and names tf thefe that are talei vfuallj Englifb fiemrsl 
 
 T Hofe flowers that haucbeenevfually planted in Former times in Gardens of 
 this Kingdome (when as our forefathers knew few or none of thofe that are re- 
 cited before) haue by time and cuftome attained the name of Englifh flowers, 
 although the moft of them were neuer naturali of this our Land , but brought in from 
 other Countries at one time or other, by thofe that tooke pleafure in them where they 
 firft faw them : and I doubt nor, but many other forts than here are fee downe, or now 
 knowne to vs, haue beene brought, which cither haue perifhed by their negligence or 
 want of skill that brought them, orelfe becaufethey could not abide our cold Win- 
 ters • thofe otiely remaining with vs that haue endured of themfclues,and by their en- 
 creafinghauebeenediftributedouerthewholeLand. If I fhould make any large dif 
 courfeof them, being fo well knowne to all, I doubt I fhould makea long tale to final! 
 purpofe : I will thereforebut briefly recite them , that you may haue them together in 
 one place, with fome little declaration of the nature and quality of them,and fo paffe 
 to othermatters. And firft of Primrofes and Cowflips,whereoftherc are many pret- 
 tievarieticsjfomebetterknowneintheWeftpartsofthis Kingdome, others in the 
 North,than in any other, vntill of late being obferued by fome curious louers ofvari- 
 eties, they haue been tranfplanced diuerfly, and fo made more common : for although 
 we haue had formerly in thefe parts about London greenc Primrofes vfually, yetwc 
 neuer faw or heard of greene Cowflips both finglcand double but of late dayes , and 
 fo likewife for Primrofes to be both Angle and double from one roote, and diners vp- 
 on one flalke of diners fafliions, Iamfurcis notvfuall: all which delire rather to bee 
 planted vnder fome hedge, or fence, or inthe lhade, than in the Sunne. Single Rofe 
 Campions, both white, red, andblulli, and the double red Rofe Campion alfo is 
 knowne fufficiently, and will abide moderate Su nne as well as the lhade. The flower 
 of Briftow or None-fuch is likewife another kindc of Campion, whereof there is both 
 white flowring plants andblulli as well as Orange colour, all of them being Angle 
 flowers require a moderate Sunne and not the lhadow : But the Orange colour None- 
 fuch with double flowers ,' as it is rare and not common , fo for his brauery doth well 
 deferue a Mailer of account that will take care to keepcand preferneit. Batchclours 
 Buttons both white and red , arekindesof wilde Campions of a very double forme, 
 and will reafonably well like the Sunne but not the lhade. Wall- flowers are common 
 in euery Garden, as well the ordinary doubleas the Angle , and the double kindc deA- 
 reth no more lhade than the Angle, but the greater kindes both double and Angle mull 
 haue the Sunne. Stock-Gilloflowcrslikewifearealmoftas commonas Wall-flowers, 
 efpecially the Angle kindes in euery womans Garden, but the double kindes are much 
 more rare, andpotTclTedbutof a few, and thofe onely that will bee carefull to pre- 
 ferue them in Winter ; for befidcs that the moft of them are more tender, they yeeld 
 no feede as the Angle kindes doe to preferue them , although one kinde from the fow- 
 ing of the feed yeeld double flowers : They will all require the comfort of the Sunne, 
 efpecially the double kindes, and to be defended from cold , yet fo as in the Summer 
 they doe not want water wherein they much ioy, and which is as it were their life. 
 Queenes Gilloflowers (which fome call Dames Violets, and fome Winter Gilloflow- 
 ers,areakindeof Stock-Gilloflower) planted in Gardens to ferueto All vp the parts 
 thereof for want of better things , hauing in mine opinion neither Aght nor fen t much 
 to commend them. Violets arc the Springs chiefe flowers for beauty, fmcll, and vfe, 
 both Angle and double, the more lhadie and moift they ftand the better. Snapdragon 
 are flowers of much more delight, and in that they are more tender to keep, andwilj 
 hardly endure the Aiarpe Winters, vnleffe they ftand well defended, arefcarce feene 
 in many Gardens. Columbines Angle and double, of many forts, falhions, and co- 
 lours, very variable both fpeckled and party coloured, are flowers of that refpe<5t , as 
 that no Garden would willingly bee without them, that could tell how to hauethein, 
 yet the rater the flowers are, the more trouble ts kcepe ; the ordinary forts on the con- 
 trary 
 
il The ord ermg of the (jar den of Tledfure. 
 
 trary part will not be loft, doe what one will. Larkes heeles, or fpurres, or toes, as in 
 feuerall Countries they are called, exceed in the varietie of colours, both fingle and 
 double, any of the former times ; for vntiil of late dayes none of the raoft pleafant co- 
 lours were feene or heard of: but now the fingle kindes are reafonablewell difperft 
 ouer the Land, yet the double kindes ofall thofe pleafant colours (and fome other alfo 
 as bcautifull) which ftand like little double Rofes, are enioyed but of a few: all of 
 them rife from feed, and muft be fowne euery y care , the double as well as the fingle. 
 Panfyes or Hartes eafcs of diuers colours, and although without fent, yet not without 
 fome refpedl and delight. Double Poppies are flowers of a great and goodly propor- 
 tion , adorning a Garden with their variable colours to the delight of the beholders 
 wherein there is fome fpeciall care to be taken, left they turnefingle 5 and that is.if you 
 fee them grow vp too thicke, that you muft pull them vp, and not fuffer them to grow 
 within lcfie than halfea yard diftance, or more one from another. Double Dailies are 
 flowers not to be forgotten, although they be common enough in euery Garden be- 
 ing both white and red, both blufli and fpeckled, or party coloured, befidesthac 
 whichis called Iacke an Apes on horfebacke,they require a moift and fhadowie place- 
 for they are fcorched away , if they ft and in the Sunne in any dry place. Double Ma- 
 rigolds alfoarethemoft common inall Gardens. Andfoarethe French Marigolds 
 that haue a ftrong heady fent, both fingle and double, whofe glorious (hew for colour 
 would caufe any to belceue there were fome rare goodneffeor vertuein them. Thefe 
 allarefometimespreferued in the Winter, if they bee well defended from the cold. 
 But whatflialllfaytotheQueeneof delight and of flowers, Carnations and Gillo- 
 flo wers, whofe brauery, variety, and fweetc fmell ioyned together , tyeth euery ones 
 affe&ion with great earneftnelfe , both to likeandtohanc them i Thofe that were 
 knowne, and enioyed in former times with much acceptation, arc now for the moft 
 part leffe accounted of, except a very few : for now there are fo many other varieties 
 oflatcrinuention,thattroubleth the other both in number, beauty, and worth : The 
 names of them doe differ very Variably, in that names are impofed and altered as eue- 
 rie ones fancy will haue them, that carrycd or fent them into the feuerall Countries 
 from London, where their trueft name is to be had, in mine opinion. I will here but 
 giueyou the names offome, and referre you to the worke enfuing foryour further 
 knowledge. The red and the gray Hulo. Theold Carnation, differing from them 
 both. TheGranPere. TheCamberfiue. TheSauadge. TheChriftall. ThePrince. 
 The white Carnation, or Delicate. The ground Carnation. The French Carnationi 
 TheDouer. The Oxford. ThcBriftow. TheWeftminfter. The Daintie. The Gra- 
 nado, and many other Gilloflowers too tedious to recite in this place , becaufe I haue 
 amply declared them in the bookc following, Buttherc is another fort of great de- 
 light and varietie, called the Orange tawny Gilloflower, which for the moft part hath 
 rifen from feed , anddothgiuefeedinamoreplentifull manner than any of the for- 
 mer Torts, and likewife by the fowing of the feed there hath been gained fo many va- 
 rieties of that excellent worth and refpeff, that it can hardly be expreffed or beleeued 
 andcalledbydiufcrsnamesaccordingto the marking of the flowers; as The Infama’ 
 The Stript Tawny. The Speckled Tawny. The Flackt Tawny. The Grifeid Tawnyj 
 and many others , euery one to bee diftinguiihed from others : Some alfo haue their 
 flowers more double and large than others , and fome from the lame feed haue fingle 
 flowers like broad fingle Pinkes : the further relation of them, «'«.their order to fo we 
 encreafe, and preferue them, you (hall haue in the fubfequent difeourfe in a place by it 
 felfe. Pinkes likewife both fingle and double are of much variety, allof them very 
 fweete,commingneare the Gilloflowers. Sweete Williams andSweetelohns, both 
 fingle and double, both white, red, and fpotted, as they are kindes of wilde Pinkes, fo 
 for their grace and beauty helpc to furnifh a Garden , yet defire not to ftand fo open to 
 the Sunne as the former. Double and fingle Peonies arc fit flowers to furnifh a Garden, 
 and by reafon of their durability , giuc out frefh pleafure euery yeare without any fur- 
 ther trouble of fowing. And laftly, Hollihocks both fingle and double, of many and 
 fundry colours, yeeld out their flowers like Rofes on their tall branches, like Tree$,to 
 fute you with flowers, when almoft you haue no other to grace out your Garden : the 
 fingle and double doeboth yeeld feed, and yet doe after their feeding abide Ecny 
 y cares. Thus haue I (hewed you moft of the Englifh, as well as (I did before! the O ur- 
 
 landifh 
 
T be ordering of the (far den of Tdleafure . 
 
 landilhflo wers j that are fit to furnifli the knots, trades, beds, and borders of this Gar- 
 den. R ofes onely, as I faid before,I referue to circle or encompafle all the reft, becaufe 
 thatfortbemoftparttheyareplanted in the outer borders of thequarters , andfotne- 
 titnes by themfelues in the middle oflong beds, the forts or kindes whereof are many 
 as they are declared in their proper place : but the White Rofe , the Red , and 
 the Damaske, are the molt ancient Standards in England, and therefore accoun- 
 ted naturali. 
 
 Chap. VI. 
 
 , : , , i 
 
 The trier and manner It plant and replant all the ftrts of Out-landifb flowers fptkei of 
 before , m weSthofewith bulbous rottes , at others with 
 flringte rootes. 
 
 W Hereas it is the vfuall cuftoirte of moft in this Land, to turne vp their Gar- 
 dens,andtoplantthemagaineintheSpnngoftheyeare, which is the 
 beft time that may bee chofen for all Englifh flowers , yet it is not fo far 
 your Ouc-landifh flowers. And herein indeede hath beene not onely theerrour of a 
 great many to hinder their rootes from bearing out their flowers as they ihould, but 
 alio to hinder many to take delight in them, becaufe as they fay they will notthriue 
 and profper with them, when as the whole fault is in the want of knowledge of the fit 
 and conuenient time wherein they ihould bee planted. And becaufe our Englilh Gar- 
 diners are all or the moft of them vtterly ignorant ia the ordering ofthefe Out-laadiih 
 fl o wers, as n ot bei ng trained vp to know them , I haue here taken vpon race the forme 
 ofanew Gardiner, to giueinftrudions to thofe that will take pleafure in them that 
 they may be the better enabled with thefe helpes I (hall lhewthem,both to know how 
 they ihould beordered,and to direft their Gardiners that are ignorant thereofrightly 
 to difpofe them according to their naturali qualities. And I doe wilhall Gentlemen 
 and Gentlewomen , whom it may concerne fortheir ownegood, to bee as carefull 
 whom they truft with the planting and replanting of thefe fine flowers, as they would 
 be with fo many Iewels 5 for the rootes of many of them being fmall, and of great va- 
 lue, may be fooneconueyed away , and a cleanly tale faire told, that fuch a rooteis 
 rotten, orperilhedintheground if none be feenewhereit Ihould be, orelfethatthc 
 flower hath changed his colour, when it hath been taken away, or a counterfeit one 
 hath beene put in the place thereof ; and thus many haue been deceiued oftheir da in- 
 tieft flowers, without remedy or true knowledge ofthedefed. You lhall therefore, if 
 you will take the right courfe that is proper for thefe kindes of flowers, not fet or plant 
 them among your Englilh flowers ; for that when the on* may be remoued, the other 
 may not be ftirred i but plant thofe rootes that are bulbous , or round like Onions, ey- 
 ther in knots or beds by themfelues which is the beft , or with but very few Englilh or 
 Out-landi(h flower plants that haue ftringie rootes : For you mud take this for a gene- 
 rail rule, that all thofe rootes that are like Lillies or Onions , are to bee planted in the 
 moneths ofluiy or Auguft ,or vnto the middle or end of September at the furthefl , if 
 you will haue them to profper as they Ihould, and not in the Spring of the y eare,when 
 other gardening is vfed. Yet I muft Iikewife giue you to vnderftand , that if Tulipas, 
 and Daffodils , and fome other that are firme and hard rootes, and not limber or 
 fpongie, being taken vp put of the ground in their fit feafon, that is, in Iune, Iuly, and 
 Auguft, and Iikewife kept well and dry, may bee referued out ef the ground vntiU 
 Chriftmas or after, and then (if they could not be fet fooner) being fet, will thriuerea- 
 fonablewell, butnot altogether fo well as the former, being fet long before: but if 
 you (hall remouc thefe bulbous rootes againc, either prcfently after their planting ha- 
 uinglhottheirfmallfibresvndertheround rootes, and fprung Iikewife vpwards, or 
 beforetheybeinfioweratthefooneft(yetTulipas', Daffodils, andmany other bul- 
 bous, may be fafely remoued being in flower, and tranfplanted into other places, fo as 
 they be not kept too long out of the ground) you fhall much endanger them either vt- 
 terly to perilli, or to be hindered from bearing out their flowers they then would haue 
 
 B borne, 
 
The ordering of the (jardenof Tletfm. 
 
 torna, and for two or three years after from beaiing flowers agame.Fortlic ordcr of 
 their planting thereare diuers wayes,fome whereof! will (hew you in this place: Your 
 knot Or beds being prepared fitly, as before is declared, you may placeand order your 
 rootcs thereinthus, Eyther many rootes of one kind fet together in a round or clufter, 
 or longwife erodes bed one by another, whereby the beauty of many flowers of one 
 kinde being together, may make a fairefiiew wellplcafing to many 5 Or elleyou may 
 plant one or two in a place difperfedly ouer the whole knot, or in a proportion or dia- 
 meter one place anfwering another of the knot, as your (tore will fuffer you, or your 
 knot permit: Or you may alio mingle thefe rootes in their planting many of diuers 
 forts together, that they may giue the more glorious (hew whenthey are in flower ; and 
 that you may fo doe, ycumuft firftobferue the feuerall kindes of them, which doe 
 flower at one and the fame time, and then to place them in fuch order and fo neare one 
 vnto another, that their flowers appearing together of f euerall colours, will caufe the 
 more admiration in the beholdets : as thus, The Vernali Crocus or Saffron flowers of 
 the Spring, white, purple, yellow, and ftript, with fame V email Colchicum or Medow 
 Saffron among them, fome Deus Caninus or Dogges teeth, and fomc ofthe fmallearly 
 Leucoium or Bulbous Violet, all planted in fome proportion as neare one vnto ano- 
 ther as is fit for them, will giue fuch a grace to the Garden, that the place will feeme 
 like a peece oftapeftry of many glorious colours, to encreafe cuery ones delight : Or 
 elfe many ofone fort together, as the blew, white and blufh Grape flowers in the fame 
 manner intermingled, doe make a marucllous delegable (hew,elpecially becaufe all of 
 them rife almoft to an equall height , which caufeth the greater grace , as well neare 
 hand as farre of. The like order may be kept with many other things, asthe Hepatica, 
 white, blew, purple, and redfet or fowne together, will make many tobeleeuethat 
 one ro'ote do’th beare all thofe colours : But aboue and beyond all others, the Tulipas 
 may be fo matched, one colour anfwering and fetting of another, that the place whera 
 they ftand may refemblc a peece of curious needle-worke, or peece of painting : and I 
 haue knowne in a Garden, the Mafter as much commended for this artificiali forme in 
 placing the colours of Tulipas, as for the goodnefle of his flowers, or any other thing. 
 
 * The diuers forts and colours of Anemones or W inde-flowers may be fo ordered like- 
 wife , which are very beautifull , to haue the feuerall varieties planted one neare vnto 
 another, that their feuerall colours appearing in one place will be a very great grace in 
 a Garden , or if they be difperfed among the other forts of flowers , they will makea 
 glorious (hew. Another order in planting you may obferue 5 which is this, That thofe 
 plants that grow low, as the Aconitum Hyemale or Winter-wolues bane, tht Vernali 
 Crocus or Saffron-flowers of diuers forts , the little early Leucoium or Bulbous Vio- 
 let, and fome fuch other as rife not vp high, as alfo fome Anemones may be very well 
 placed fomewhat neare or about your Martagons, Lillies,or Crownes Imperiali, both 
 becaufe thefe little plants will flower earlier than they , and fo will bee gone and paft, 
 beforcthe other greater plants willrife vp to any height to hinder them ; which is a 
 way may well be admitted in thofe Gardens that are fmall,to faue roome, and to place 
 things to themoft aduantage. Thus hauing (hewed you diuers wayes and orders how 
 , to plant your rootes, that yonr flowers may giue the greater grace in the Garden, let 
 mee fliew you likewife howto fetthefe kindesof rootes into the ground; for many 
 know not well eyther which end to fetvpwards or downewards, nor yet to what 
 depth they fhould be placed in the ground. Daffodils if they be great rootes, will re- 
 quired muft bee obferued in all other great plants) to bee planted fomewhat deeper 
 then the fmaller of the fame kinde, as alfo that the tops or heads of the rootes be about 
 two or three fingers breadth hid vnder ground. The Tulipas likewife if you fetthem 
 deepe,they will bethe fafer from frofts if your ground be cold , which will alfo caufe 
 them to be a little later before they be in flower, yet vfually if the mould be good,thcy 
 are to be fet a good hand breadth deep within the ground, fo that there may be three or 
 foure inches of earth at the lead aboue the head, which is the fmaller end of the roote: 
 for if they (hall lye too nearethe vpper face or cruft ofthe earth, the colds & frofts will 
 pierce and pinch them the fooner. After the fame order and manner muft Hyacinthes, 
 whether great or fmall, and other fuch greatrootes be planted. Your greater rootes, as 
 Martagons, Lillies, and Crownes Imperiali, muft be fet much deeperthen any other 
 bulbous roote, becaufe they are greater rootes then others , and by them (clues alfo, as 
 
(The ordering of the (far den of'Flenfure. j 5 
 
 is tnoft vfilllkithcr in forn'e (quare, round, triangle, or other fmall part in the Garden, 
 bccaufothey IprCad and take vp a very great deale of ground. All of them likewife 
 are to belfct With the broad end of the roote downewaids.and the fmall end vpwards, 
 that is, both. Lillies, daffodils, Hyacinthes, a:nd Tulipas, and all other forts of round 
 rootes ...which (hew one, end to bee finaller than another. But the Colchicum or Me- 
 do w- Saffi'onpnely requifeth an exception to this generali rule , in regard the roote 
 thereof hath a fmall eminence or part on the one fide thereof, which muft bee fet or 
 planted downeward, and not vpwar J ; for you ihall obferue , if the roote lye a little 
 moift outtofthe ground, that it. will (hoote fibres out at the fmall long end thereof, al- 
 though yon may pctceiuc when you take it v p, tb at the fibres were at the other broad 
 end or field of the roote. As for the Crowne Imperiali , which is a broad round roote 
 and flat withalfhauinga hole in the middle, forthe moft part quite thorow, when it 
 is taken yp in his due time out of the ground, you Ihall perceiue the feales or cloues of 
 therooresto bee a Uccteopen onthe vpperfide, and clafe and flat on the vnderfide, 
 which will direiS you which part tofet vpward , as alfo that the holt; is bigger aboue 
 then it is below. ThePerfian Lilly is almoft like vnto the Crownc,Imperiall,butthac 
 the roote thereof is not fo flat, and that it hath a fmaller head at the one part, whereby 
 it may be difeerned the plainer how to be fer. The Fritillaria is a fmall white rootdi- 
 uided as it were into two parts, fo that many haue doubtcd.as formerly in the Crowne 
 Imperiali, what part to fet vppermoft ; you fijall therefore marke , that the twp parts 
 of the rooteare ioynedtogether at the bottome , where it Ihooteth out fibres or imall 
 ftringie tootes, asall other lorts ol bulbous rootes doe, and withall you fliall fee, that , 
 betweene the two parts ofthe roote a fmall bead will appeare, which is the burgeon 
 that will fpring vpto beare leaues and flowers. In the rootes of Anemones there are 
 fmall round fwalling heads, eafie enough to be obferuedifyou marke it,which muft be 
 fet vpwards. All other forts of ftringie rooted plants (and not bulbous or tuberous 
 rooted) that lofe their greene leaues in Winter , will (hew a head from whence the 
 leaues and flowers will fpring , and all pthers.thatkeepetheir greene leaues, are to bee 
 planted in the fame manner that other herbes and flower-plants are accuftomed to be. 
 Butyetfor the better thriuing of the ftringie rooted, plants, when you will plant 
 them,ietmc informe you ofthe beft way of planting, andthemoftfuretocaufeany 
 plant to comprehend in theground without failing, and is po common way with any 
 Gardiner in this Kingdome, that euerl heard or knew, which is thus : Prefmning that 
 the ftringie rooted plant is frelh and not old gathered, and a plant that being remoued 
 will grow againe, make a hole in the ground large enough where you meane to fet this 
 roote, and raifethe earth within the hole a little higher mthe middle then onthe fides, 
 and fetthe roote thereon, fpreadingthe firings all abroad about the middle, that they 
 may as it were couer the middle, and then put the earth gently round about it, prefiing 
 it a littleclofe, and afterwards water it well; if it be in Summer, or in a dry time, or o- 
 therwife moderately •• thus Ihall euery feuerall firing of the roote haue earth enough to 
 caufe it to (hoote forth , and thereby toencreafe farre better than by the vfuall way, 
 which is without any great care and refpeft to tbruft the rootes together into the 
 ground. Diuers other flower plants are but ; annuali, to bee new fowne euery yeare ; as 
 the Maruaileof the world, the Indian Crelfes, or yellow Larkes heeles,the Flower of 
 the Sunne, and diuers other : they therefore that will take pleafure in them , that they 
 may enioy their flowers the earlier in the veare , and thereby haue ripe feede of them 
 while warme weather lafteth, muft nurfe vp their feedes in a bed of hot dung , as Me- 
 lons and Cowcumbers are, but your bed muft be prouided earlier for thefe feeds, than 
 for Melons, &c. that they may haue the more comfort of the Summer,which are to be 
 carefully tended after they are tranfplanted from the hot bed, and couered with ftraw 
 from colds, whereby you (hall not faile to gaine ripe feed euery yeare , which ocher- 
 vvifeif you fhould miffe of a very kindly & hot Summer, you (hould neuer haue. Some 
 of thefefeedes neede likewife to be tranfplanted from the bed of dung vnder a warme 
 wall, as the Flower of the Sunne, and the Maruaile ofthe world, and fome others, and 
 that fora while after their tvanfplanting, asalfo in the heate of Summer, youwater 
 them at the roote with water that hath ftood a day or two in the Sunne, hauing fiift laid 
 a round wifpe of hay or fuch other thing round about the roote, that fo all helpes may 
 furthertheirgiuing of ripe feede. One or two rules more I willgiue you concerning 
 
 B 2 thefe 
 
1 6 
 
 The ordering of the (far den ofTleafure. 
 
 thefe dainty flowers, the firft whereof is this , That you lhall not bee carefull to Water 
 any of your bulbous or tuberous rooted plants at any time ; for they all of them do bet- 
 ter profper in a dry ground than in a wet, onely all forts of tuberous rooted Flo werde- 
 luces vpon their remouall had neede of a little water, and fome will doe fo alfo to fuch 
 Tulipas and other bulbous rootes as they tranfplant, when they are in flower, and this 
 is I grant in fome fort tolerable , if it bee not too much , and done onely to caufe the 
 ftalke and flower to abide fometime thelonger before they wither, but elfe in no other 
 cafe to be permitted. Thefecondruleis, That I would aduile you to water none of 
 your dainty flowers or herbes, with any water that hath prefentiy before been drawne 
 out of a well or pumpe , but onely with fuch water that hath flood open in the Sunne 
 in fome cifterne , tubbe, or pot for aday at the leaft, if more the better : for that water 
 which is prefentiy drawne out of a well,&c. is fo cold, that it prefentiy chillcth & kil- 
 leth any dainty plant be it younger or elder grown, wherof I haue had fufficient proofe: 
 and therforelgiue you this caution by mine own cxperience.Thus haue I directed you 
 from point to point, in all the particulars of preparing & planting that belong to this 
 Garden, failing only that yet I would further enforme you, of the time of the flowring 
 of thefe Out-landifh plants, according to the feuerall moneths in the yeare,that euery 
 one may know what flowers euery moneth yeeldeth, and may chufe what them liketh 
 beft,in that they may fee t hat there is no moneth, but glorieth in fome peculiar forts of 
 rare flowers. I would likewife rather in this place (hew you, the true and beft manner 
 & order to encreafe and preferue all forts of Gilloflowers & Carnations, then ioyne it 
 with the Chapter of Gilloflowers in theworke following, becaufe it would in that 
 place rake vp too much roome. Andlaftly, Imuftof neceflity oppofe three fundry 
 crrours,thathaue poflefledthemindcsof many bothin former and latertimes , which 
 are that any flower may be made to grow double by art, that wasbut Angle before by 
 nature : And that one may by art caufe any flower to grow of what colour they will : 
 And that any plants may be forced to flower out of their due fcafons , cither earlier or 
 later, by an art which fome can vfe. All which being declared, I then fuppofe enough 
 is fpoken for an introduction to this worke, referring many other things to the feuerall 
 directions in the Chapters of the booke. 
 
 Chap. VII. 
 
 The fetter tU times ef the ftttvrittg of thefe Oat-Uudifh fimers,acctrdingtetbe feuerall 
 
 mtneths tf the jetre. 
 
 I Intend in this place onely to giue you briefly, the names offome of the chiefeft of 
 thefe Out-landifh flowers, according to the feuerall moneths of the yeare wherein 
 they flower, that euery one feeing what forts of flowers euery moneth yeeldeth , 
 may take ofthem which they like beft.I begin with Ianuary,as the firft moneth of the 
 yeare, wherein if the f rofts be not extreme, you fhall haue thefe flowers of plants j the 
 Chriftmas flower or Helleborus niger verus , Winter wolues bane or Aconitum hye- 
 inale, Hepatica or Noble Liuer wort blew and red, and of fhrubbes, the Laurus Tinus 
 or Wilde Bay tree , and Mefereon or the dwdrfe Bay : bur becaufe Ianuarie is often- 
 times too deepe in frofts and fnow, I therefore referre the Hepaticas vnto the moneth 
 following, which is February, whereintheweatherbeginnethtobealittlemildcr, 
 and then they will flower much better, as alfo diuers forts of Crocus or Saffron flow- 
 er will appeare, the little early Summer foole or Leucoium bulbofum , and towards 
 the latter end thereof the Vernali Colchicum, the Dogges tooth Violet or Deus Ca- 
 minus, and fome Anemones, both Angle and double, which in fome places will flower 
 all the Winter long. March will yeeld more varieties • for befldes that it holdeth 
 fome of the flowers of the former moneth, it will yeeld you both the double blew He- 
 patica , and the white and the blufh Angle : then alfo you lhall haue diuers other forts 
 of Crocus or Saffron flowers. Double yellow Daffodils, Orientali Iacinrhs and o- 
 thers, theCrownelmperiall, diuers forts of early Tulipas, fome forts of French Cow- 
 flips, both tawney, murry, yellow, and blufh, che early Fritillaria or chcckerd Daffo- 
 
The Ordering of the (f ar den of 'Pleafure. 
 
 i' 1 
 
 dill, and feme other forts of early Daffodils, and many forts of Anemones. In April! 
 commeth on the pride of chefeftrangers 5 for herein you may behold all the forts of 
 Auricula Vrfi or Beares Eares, many forts of Anemones , both Angle and double, 
 bothrhefortsofTulipas,theearlicrvntillthemiddleof the moneth, and the later 
 then beginningjwhich are of fo many different colours , that it is almoft impoffible to 
 exprefle them, the white, red, blacke, and yellow Fritillarias , the Mufcari or Muskc 
 Grape flower, bothafli colour and yellow. Diuers other forts of Iacinths and Daffo- 
 dils, both (ingle and double, the fmaller forts of Flowerdeluces , the Veluet Flower- 
 deluce and double Hony fucklcs, with diuers others. May likewife at the beginning 
 feetneth as glorious as Aprill, although toward the end it doth decline , in regard' the 
 heateof the Sunnehatli by this time drawne forth all the (lore of natures tendered 
 dainties, which are vfually (pent by the end ofthis moneth, and then thofe of Wronger 
 conftitution come forward. Herein are to bee feene at the beginning the middleflow- 
 ring Tulipas, and at the end the later fort : fome kindes of Daffodils, the Day Lillies, 
 thegreat white Srarre flower , the Flowerdeluce of Conftantinoplc or the mourning 
 Sable flower, the other forts of Flowerdeluces. Single and double white Crowfoote, 
 and fingle and double red Crowfoot, the glory of a Garden : the early red Marragon, 
 the Perfian Lilly, the yellow Martagon, the Gladiolus or Corne flagge , both white, 
 red,andblu(h : thedouble yellow Rofe, and fome other forts of Rofes. Inlunedoe 
 flowerthe white and the blufh Martagon,the Martagon Imperiali, the mountaine Lil- 
 lies, and the other forts of white and red Lillies, the bulbous Flowerdeluces of diuers 
 forts,the red flowred Ladies bower,the fingleand doublepurple flowred Ladies bow- 
 er, the white Syringa or Pipe tree , for the blew Pipe tree flowreth earlier , the white 
 and the yellow Iafmin. Iuly holdethin flowerfomeof the Ladies bowers and Iaf- 
 mines, and befldcs doth glory in the Female Balfameapple, the Indian Crefles or yel- 
 low Larkes fpurres , the purple Flower-gentle and the Rofe Bay. In Auguft begin 
 fome of the Autumne bulbous flowers to appeare, as the white and the purple Col- 
 chicum or Medow Saffron, the purple mountaine Crocus or Saffron flower, the little 
 Autumne Leucoiumand Autumne Iacinth, the Italian Starrcwort, called of fome the 
 purple Marigold, the Meruaile of Peru or of the world, theFlower of theSunne, the 
 great blew Bell-flower, thegreat double French Marigold. September flourifheth 
 with the Flower oftheSunnc, the Meruaile of the world, the purple Marigold, and 
 blew Bell-flower fpoken of before, and likewife the other forts of Medow Saffron, and 
 the double kinde likewife,the filuer Crocus, the Autumne yellow Daffodill , Cycla- 
 men alfo or Sowbread fhew their flowers in the end of this moneth. October alfo 
 will fhew the flowers of Cyclamen, and fome ofthe Medow Saffrons. In Nouember, 
 as alfo fometimes in the moneth before, the party coloured Medow Saffron may bee 
 feene, that will longeft hold his flower, becaufe it is the lateft that fheweth it fclfe, and 
 the afh coloured mountaine Crocus. And euen December it felfe will not want the 
 trueblacke Hellebor or Chriftmas flower, and the glorious fhew of the Laurus Tinus 
 or wilde Bay tree. Thus haue I fhewedyou fomeof theflowers for euery moneth, 
 but I referre you to the more ample dedarion of them and all the others, vnto the work 
 following. ‘ 
 
 Chap. VIII. 
 
 The trutmunr.er And order tt enerufe tni preferueti fortstf Gilloflmers, as wtH 
 by Jlippcs# Jetdts. 
 
 B Ecaufe that Carnations and Gilloflowers bee the chiefefl flowers of account in 
 all our Englifh Gardens, I haue thought good to entreatefomew hat amply of 
 them, and that a part by it felfe, as I faid a little before, in regard there isfo 
 much to be faid concerning them, and that if all the matters to be entreated of fl.ould 
 haue beene inferred in the Chapter of Gilloflowers , it would haue made it too tedU 
 ous and large, and taken vp too much roome. The particular matters w hereof I meatl 
 in this place to entreate are thefe : How to enercafe Gilloflowers by planting and by 
 
 B 3 Lowing, 
 
1 8 'Tbeorderingof the (jar den of Tleaftire. 
 
 fowing,and how to prcfcrue them being encreafed, both in Summer from hoyfome 
 andhurtfull vermine that deftroy them , and in Winter from frofts, fnowes, and 
 windes, that fpoile them. There are two wayesof planting, whereby to encreafe 
 thefe faire flowers; the one is by flipping, which is the old and ready vfuall tvay , beft 
 knowne in this Kingdome ;the other is more fure, perfeft, ready , and of later inuen- 
 tion, videlicet^ by laying downethebranches. The way to encreafe Gilloflowers by 
 flipping, is fo common with all that euer kept any of them , that I thinke moft perfons 
 may thinke meidle, to fpend time to fet downe in writing that which is fo well known 
 vnto ail : Yet giue me leaue to tell them that fo might imagine, that (when they haue 
 heard or read what I haue written thercof,ifthey did know fully as much before) what 
 I here write, was not to informe them, but fuch as did not know the beft, or fo good a 
 wayasl teach them : Fori am aflured , the greateft number doe vfe, and follow the 
 moft vfuall way,and that is not alwaies thebeft,efpecially when by good experience 
 a better way is found , and may be learned ; and therefore if fome can doe a thing 
 better than others, I thinke it is no fhaine to learne it of them. You fhall not then (to 
 take the fureft courfe) take any long fpindled branches , nor thofe branches that haue 
 any young fhootes from the ioynts on them, nor yet fliue or teare any flippe or branch 
 from the roote ; for all thefe waies are vfuall and common with moft, which caufcth 
 fo many good rootes to rot and perifli, and alfo fo many flippes to be loft , when as 
 forthe moft part, not the onehalfe, or with fome, not a third part doth grow and 
 thriue of thofe flippes they fet. And although many that haueftore of plants , doe not 
 fo much care what hauockethey make to gainc fome, yet to faue both labour and 
 plants, I doe wifli them to obferue thefe orders : T ake from thofe rootes from whence 
 you intend to make your encreafe, thofe ihootes onely that are reafonable ftrong, but 
 yet young, and not either too fmall and flender, or hauing any Ihootes from the ioynts 
 vpon them; cut thefe flippes or fliootes oft from the ftemme or roote with a knife , as 
 conueniently as the ihoote or branch will permit, that is, either clofe vnto the maine 
 branch, if it be (hort,or leauing a ioynt or two behinde you , if it be long enough , at 
 which it may Ihoote anew : When you haue cut off your flippes , you may either fet 
 them by and by, or elfe as thebeft Gardiners vfe to doe , call them into a tubbe or pot 
 with waterforadayortwoi, and then hauing prepared a place conucnient tofet them 
 in, which hadneedc to bee of the fineft , richeft, and beft mould you can prouide, 
 that they may thriue therein the better, cut off your flippe clofe at the ioynt , and ha- 
 uing cut away the loweft leaues clpfe to the ftalke , and the vppermoft euen at the top, 
 with a little fticke make a little hole in the earth, and put your flippe therein fo deep, as 
 that the vpper leaues may be wholly aboue the ground, (fome vfe to cleaue the ftalke 
 in the middle , and put a little earth or clay within the cleft , but many goodand skil- 
 full Gardiners doe not vfe it) 5 put theearth a little clofe to the flippe with your finger 
 and thumbe, and there let it reft , and in this manner doe with as many flippes as you 
 haue, fetting them fomewhat clofe together, and not too farre in funder , both to faue 
 ground and coft thereon, in thata fmall compaffe will ferue for the firft planting , and 
 alfo the better to giue them (hadow : For you muft remember in any cafe, that thefe 
 flippes new fet, haue no fight of the Sunne, vntill they be well taken in theground,and 
 Ihot aboue ground, and alfo that they want not water , both vpon the new planting 
 and after. When thefe flippes are well growne vp,they muft be tranfplantcd into fuch 
 other places as you thinke meete 5 that is , either into the ground in beds, or other- 
 wife, or into pots, which that you may the more fafely doc, after you haue well wate- 
 redthe ground ,?for halfe a day before you intend to tranfplant them , you (hall fepa- 
 rate them feueraljly, by putting down a broad pointed knife on each fide of the flippe, 
 fo cutting it out, take euery one by k fclfe, with theearth cleaning clofe vnto the root, 
 which by reafon of the moifture it had formerly, and that which you gane prefently 
 before, willbe fufficient with any care had, tocaufcitto hold faft vnto the roote for 
 the tranfplanting of it : for if the earth were dry, and that it fliould fall away from the 
 roote in the tranfplanting, it Would hazzatd and endanger the roote very much , if it 
 did thriue at all. You muft remember alfo, that vpon the remouing of thefe flips, you 
 lhad.ow thetnfrom the heate of the Sunne fora while with fome ftraw or other thing, 
 vntill they haue taken hold in their new place. Thus althoughit bee a little more la- 
 boar and care than the ordinary way is , yet it is lurer, and will giueycu plants that 
 
/ 
 
 The ordering of the farden of 'Plenjure. 
 
 will be fb ftroagly growne before Winter,that with the care hereafter fpecified, you 
 fhall haue them beare Ho worst he next yeareafter, and yceld you encreafe of flippes, 
 alfo. To giue you any fet tirrii j wherein chefe flippes will take roote, and begin to 
 fhoote aboueground,is very hard to doe; for that euery flip, or yet euery kinde of Gil- 
 loflower isnoralikeapt to growjnor is euery earth in like manner fit to produce and 
 bring forward the flippes thatare fet therein : but if both the flippe beapt to grow and 
 the earth ofthe belt, fit to produce, I thinke within afortnight or three weekes, you 
 ihallfee them begin to put forthyoung leaues in the middle,or elfe it may be a moneth 
 andmore before you (hall fee any fpringing. The beft time likewife when to plant, is 
 a fpeciall thing to be knowne, and of as great confequcnce as any thing elfe : For ifyou 
 flippeand fet in September, as many vfefo doe, or yet in Auguft , as fome may thinke 
 will doe well, yct(vnleffe they be the moft ordinary forts, which are likely togrowac 
 any time, and in any place) the moft of them, if not all, will either kfluredly perifh , or 
 neuerprofperwell: for the more excellent and dainty the Gilloflower is, the more 
 tender for the moft part, and hard to nurfe vp will the flippes be. The beft time there- 
 fore is, that you cut off fuch flippes as are likely , andfuchas your rootes may fpare, 
 from the beginning ofMay vntill the middle of Iune at the furtheft , and order them 
 as I haue (hewed you before, that fo you may hauc faire plants, plenty of flowers, and 
 encreafe fufficient for new fupply , without offence or Ioffe of your ftore. For the en- 
 riching likewife of your earth, wherein you (hall plant your flippes, that they may the 
 better thriue and profper, diuers haue vfed diuers forts of manure 5 as ftable foyle of 
 horfc, hearts or kine , of (heepe, and pigeons, all which are very good when they are 
 thoroughly turned to mould, to mixe with your other earth, 'or being fteeped in water 
 may ft rue to water the earth at times, and turned in with ic. And fome haue likewife 
 proued Tanners earth, that is, their barke , which after they haue vfed , doth lye on 
 heapes and rot in their yards, or the like mould from wood-ftackes or yards ; but efpe- 
 cially, and beyond all other is commended the Willow earth, that is, that mould 
 which is found in the hollow of old Willow trees , to be the moft principali to mixe 
 with other good earth for this purpofe. And as I haue nowgiuen you directions for 
 the firft way to encreafe them by flipping, fo before I come to the other way , let mee 
 giue you a caueat or two for the preferuing of them, when they are beginning to runne 
 vtterly to decay and perifh : The one is , that whereas many arc ouer greedy to haue 
 their plants to giuethem flowers, and therefore let them runne all to flower, fofarre 
 fpending themfclues thereby, that after they haue done flowring, they grow fo weake, 
 hauing out fpentthemfclues, that they cannot poflibly be preferued from the iniuries 
 of the fucceeding Winter ; you fhall therefore keepe the kinde of any fort you are de- 
 lighted vvithall, if you carefully looke that too many branches doe not runne vp and 
 fpindlefor flowers, but rather either cut fome of them downe, before they are run vp 
 too high, within two or three ioynts of the rootes ; or elfe plucke away the innermoft 
 leaues where ir fpringeth forwards, which you fee in the middle of euery branch , be- 
 fore it be runne vp too high , which will caufc them to breake out the fafter into flips 
 and fuckers at the ioynts, to hinder their forward luxurie, and topreferuc them 
 the longer: The other is, If you fnall perceiue any of your Gilloflower leaues to 
 change their naturali frefh verdure, and turne yellowifh, or begin to wither in anie 
 part or branch thereof, it is a fure figne that the roote is infe&ed with femecancker 
 or rottennefle, and will foone fhew it felfc in all the reft of the branches, whereby the 
 plant will quickly be loft : to preferue it therefore, you fhall betime, before it be runne 
 toofarre,(forotherwifc it is impoffible tofaue it) either coucr all or moft of the 
 branches with frefh earth, or elfe take the faireft flippes from it, as many as you can 
 poflibly , and call them into a pot or tubbe with water , and let them thercabide for 
 two or threedaies at the lead : the firft way hath rccouered many, being taken in time. 
 Thus you fhall fee them recouer their former ftiffenefle and colour, and then you may 
 plant them as you haue beene heretofore dire&ed ; and although many of them may 
 perifh, yet fhall you haue fome of them that willgrow to continue the kinde againe. 
 The other or fecond way to encreafe Gilloflowers by planting, is, as I laid before, by 
 in-laying or laying downe the branches of them, and is a way of later inuention , and 
 as frequently vfed, not onely for the tawney or yellow Gilloflower, and all the varie- 
 ties therof, but with the other kinds of Gilloflowcrs 3 whereof experience hath fhewed 
 
20 
 
 7 * he ordering of the (jar den of Tleafure. 
 
 that they will likewife take if they be lo vfed ; the manner whereof is thus : You muft 
 choofe out the y oungeft, likelieft, and loweft branches that are neareft the ground (for 
 the vppet branches will fooner breake at the ioynt, than bend downe fo low into the 
 earth, without fome pot with earth raifed vpvntothem) and cut it on thevnderfide 
 thereofvpwards at the fecond ioynt next vnto the roote, to the middle of the branch, 
 and no more, and not quite thorough in any cafe, and then from that fecond ioynt vn- 
 to the third, flit or cut the branch in the middle longwife , that fo it may be the more 
 eaflly bended into the ground, the cut ioynt feeming like the end of aflippe, when 
 you haue bended downe the branch where it is cut into the ground (which muft bee 
 done very gently for feare of breaking) with a little fticke or two thruft flopewife, 
 crofle ouer it, kcepc it downe within the earth, and raife vp fufficient earth ouer it, that 
 there it may lye and take roote , which commonly will be effected within fixe weekes 
 ortwomonethsin the Summertime, and then (or longer if you doubt the time too 
 fliort for it to take fufficient roote) you may take or cut it away, and tranfplant it where 
 you thinke good,yetfo as in any cafcyou fhadow it from the hcate ofthe Sunne , vn- 
 till it haue taken good hold in the ground. The other way to encreafe Gilloflowers, 
 is by fo wing the feede : It is not vfuall with all forts of Gilloflowers to giue feede, but 
 fuchof them as doc yeeld feede may be encreafed thereby, in the fame manner as is 
 here fet downe. The Orange tawney Gilloflower and the varieties thereof is the moft 
 vfuall kinde, (and it is a kindc by it felfc , how various foeuer the plants be that rife 
 from the feede) that doth giue feede , and is fowne , and from thence arifeth fo many 
 varieties of colours, both plaineand mixt,both Angle and double, that one can hardly 
 let them downe in writing : yet fuch as I haueobferued and marked , you lhall findc 
 expreiled in the Chapter of Gilloflowers in the worke following. Firft therefore 
 make choife of your feede that you intend to fowe (if you doe not defire tohaueas 
 many more Angle flowers as double) that it bee taken from double flowers, and not 
 from fing!e,and from the beft colours, howfoeuer fome may boaft to haue had double 
 and ftript flowers from the feede of a fingle one } which if it were fo, yet one Swallow 
 (as we fay) maketh no Summer, nor a thing comming by chance cannot bee reckoned 
 foracertaineandconftantrulejyoumay be affured they will not vfuallydoefo :but 
 the beft, faireft, and moft double flowers come al waies, or for the moft part, from the 
 feede of thofe flowers that were beft, faireft, and moft double; and I doe aduifeyou 
 to take the beft and moft double: for eucn from them you lhall haue fingle ones e- 
 now, you needenot to fowe any worferfort. Andagaine, feethatyourfeedebee 
 new, ofthe laft yeares gathering, and alio that it was full ripe before it was gathered, 
 left you lofe your labour, or miffeof your purpofe, which is, to hauefaireand double 
 flowers. Hauing now made choife ofyour feede, and prepared you a bedde to fowe 
 them on, theearthwhereof muftbcrichandgood, and likewife lifted to make itthe 
 finer; for the better it is, the better lhall your profit and pleafure bee: hereon, being 
 firft made leuell, plaine, and finooth, fowe your feede fomewhat thinne, and not too 
 thicke in any cafe , and as euenly as you can , that they be not too many in one place, 
 and too few in another, which afterwards couer with fine lifted earth ouer them about 
 one fingers thicknelfe jlet this be done in the middle of Aprill, if the time ofthe yeare 
 be temperate, and not too cold , or elfe ftay vntill the end of the monerh : after they 
 arc fprungvp and growne to be fomewhat bigge, letthem bee drawne forth thatare 
 too clofeandneare one vnto another, and plant them in fuch place where they (hall 
 continue, fo that they (land halfe a yard of ground diftance afunder , which after the 
 planting, let be lhadowed for a time , as is before fpecified ; and this may bee done in 
 theendofIuly,or fooner if therebecaufe. I haue not fet downe in all this difeourfe 
 of planting, tranfplanting , fowing, fetting, &c. any mention of watering thofe flips 
 or plants, not doubting but that euery ones reafon will induce them to thinke, that 
 they cannot profper without watering : Bur let thisCaueat be a fufficient remembrance 
 vnto you, that you neuer water any of thefe Gilloflowers , nor yet indeede any other 
 fine herbe or plant with cold water, fuch as you haue prefently before drawne out from 
 apumpe or Well, &c. but with fuch water as hath flood open in the aire inaciftcrne, 
 tubbe, or pot, for one whole day at the leaft; ifit be two or three daies it will be neuer 
 the worfe, but rather the better, as I haue related before : yet take elpeciall heede that 
 you doe not giue them too much to ouer-glut them at any time, but temperately to ir- 
 ' rorate 
 
The ordering of the (jar den ofTleafure. 1 1 
 
 rorate, bedew or fprinkle them often. From the feedes of thefe Gilloflovvers hachri- 
 fen both. white, red,blufli, ftamcll, tawny lighter and fadder, marbled, fpeckled, (ta- 
 ped, flaked, and that in diuers manners , both Angle and double flowers , as you (hall 
 fee them fetdowne in a more ample manner in the Chapter of Gilloflowers. And 
 thus much for their encreafe by the two wayes of planting and fowing : For as for a 
 third way, by grafting oncinto or vpon another, I know none fuch to be true , nor to 
 be of any more worth than an old Wiues tale, both nature, reafon, and experience, all 
 concerting againft fuch an idle fancy, let men make what oftentation they pleafe. It 
 now rcftethjthat we alfo (hew you the manner how to preferuethem,as well in Sum- 
 mer from all noyfome and hurtful! things, as in the Winter and Spring fromthe (harp 
 and chilling colds, and the fliarpe and bitter killing windes in March. Thehurtfull 
 things in the Summer are efpecially thefe,toomuch heate ofthe Sunne which fcorch- 
 eth thera^which you muft be c archill to preuent, by placing boughes,boords, clothes 
 or mats,.&c. before them , if they bee in the ground ; or elfe if they bee in pots , to 
 remoue into them into the fhadow, to giue them refrefhing from the heate , and giue 
 them water alfofortheir life: too much water, or too little is another annoyance, 
 which you muft order as you fee there is iuft caufe,by withholding or giuing them wa- 
 ter gendy out of a watering por,and notcaft on by difhfuls : Some alfo to water their 
 Gilloflowers , vfe to fet their pots into tubbes or pots halfe full of water , that fo the 
 water may foake in at the lower holes in each flower pot, to giue moifture to the roots 
 ofthe Gilloflowers onely, without calling any water vpon the leaues, and afturedly it 
 is an excellent way to moiften the rootes fo fufficiently at one time, that it doth faue a 
 great deale of paines many other times. Eatwickes are a moft infeftuous vermine , to 
 fpoyle the whole beauty of your flowers, and that in one night or day ; for thefe crea- 
 tures delighting to crcepe into any hollow or (hadowie place, doe creepe into the 
 long greene pods of the Gilloflowers, and doe eate away the white bottomes of their 
 leaues, which are fweete, whereby the leaues ofthe flowers being loofe, doeeither 
 fall away ofrhemfelues before, or when they are gathered, or handled, orprefently 
 wither within the pods before they are gathered, and blownc away with the winde. 
 
 To auoide which inconucnience, manyhaue deuifedmany waies andinuentions to 
 deftroy them , as pots with double verges or brimmes, containing a hollow gutter be- 
 tweene them, which being filled with water, will not fuffer thefe fmall vermine to 
 paffe ouer it to the Gilloflowersto fpoile them. Others hauc vfed old fhooes, and fuch 
 like hollow things to bee fet by them to take them in : but the beft and moft vfuall 
 things now vfed , are eyther long hollow canes , or elfebeafts hoofes , which being 
 turned downc vpon ftickes ends fet into the ground, or into the pots of earth, will 
 foone draw into them many Earwickes, lymg hid therein from funne, winde, and 
 raine,and by care and diligence may foonebeedeftroyed , if euery morning and eue- 
 ning one take the hoofes gently off fromthe ftickes, and knocking them againft the 
 ground in a plain allie,(hake out all the Earwicks that are crept into them,which quick- 
 ly with ones foot may be trode to peeccs.For fodain blafting with thunder and lighte- 
 ning, or fierce fharpe windes, &c. I know no other remedy , vnlcfTe youcancouer 
 them therefrom when youfirft forefee the danger, but patiently to abide the Ioffe, 
 whatfoeuer fome hauc aduifed,to lay litter about them to auoide blafting; for if any 
 fhall make tryall thereof, I am in doubt, he (hall more endanger his rootes thereby , be- 
 ing the Summer time, when any fuch fearc of blafting is, than any wife faue them from 
 it, or doe them any good. For the Winter preferuation of them, fome hauc aduifed to 
 coucrthem with Bee-hiues, or elfe with fmall Willow ftickes , prickt croffewife into 
 the ground ouer your flowers, and bowed archwife, and with litter laid thereon, 
 to couer the Gilloflowers quite ouer , after they haue beene fprinkled with fope allies 
 and lyme mixt together: and this way is commended by fome that haue written there- 
 of, to be fuch an admirable defence vnto them in Winter, that neither Ants, nor 
 Snailes, nor Earwickes fhall touch them,becaufeof the fope afhes and lyme, and ney- 
 ther frofts nor ftormes fhall hurt them, becaufe of the litter which fo well will defend 
 them 5 and hereby alfo your Gilloflowers will bee ready to flower, not onely in the 
 Spring very early, but euen all the Winter. But whofoeuer (hall follow thefe direifti- 
 ons, may peraduenture finde them in fome part true, astheyarethere fetdowne for 
 the Winter time, and while they are kept clofe and couercd j but let them bee allured. 
 
22 
 
 The orderingof the garden ofTleajure. 
 
 that allfuch plants, or the moft part of them, will certainely perilh and dye before the 
 Summer be at an end : for the fope afhes and ly me will burne vp and fpoile any herbe- 
 andagaine, it is impoffible for any plant that is kept fo warme in Winter, to abide ey- 
 ther the cold orthewindeintheSpringfollowing, orany heateofthe Sun, but that 
 bothof them willfcorch them, and carry them quiteaway. Onegreat hurt vnto them,-’ 
 and to all other herbes that wee preferuei'n Winter , is to fuffer the fnow to Jy e vpon 
 them any time after it is fallen, for that it doth fo chill them, that the Sunne afterward, 
 although in Winter, doth fcorch them and burne them vp: lobke therefore vnro 
 your Gilloflo wers in thofe times, and fhake or ftrike off the fnow gently off from 
 them, notfuffering it to abide on them any day or night if you can ; for aifure your 
 felfc, ifit doth not abide on them, the better they will be. The f rafts likewife is ano- 
 ther great annoyance vnto them , to corropt the rootes, andto caufe them-tofwcll, 
 rot, and breake : to preuent which inconucr,ience,I would aduife you to takethe ftraw 
 or litter ofyourhorfcftable, and lay fome thereof about euery roote of your Gillo- 
 flo wers (cfpecially thofe ofthebeftaccount)clofevrvto them vpon the ground, but be 
 as carefull as y ou can, that none thereof lye vpon the greene leaues , or as little as may 
 be, and by this oncly way haue they been better defended from the frofts that fpoile 
 them in Winter, then by any other that I haue feen or knowne. The windes in March, 
 and Sunnefliine dayes t hen,are one of thegfeateft inconueniences that happeneth vn- 
 to them : for they that haue had hundreds of plants, that haue kept faireand greene all 
 the Winter vntillthebeginning or middle of March , before the end thereof, haue 
 had fcarce one of many, that either hath not vtterly perifbed, or been lo tainted , that 
 quickly after haue not been loft ; which hath happened chiefly by the ncglcdt of thefe 
 cautions before fpecifled, or in not defending them from the bitter fharpe windes and 
 funne in this moner'n ofMarch. You fhall therefore for their better preferuation be- 
 sides the litter laid about the rootes , which I aduife you not to remoue as yet, fhelter 
 them fomc what from the windes, with eytherbottomleffe pots, pales, or fuch like 
 things, to keep away the violent force both of windes and fun for that moneth,and for 
 fome time before &afteritalfo : yet fo,that they be not couered clofe aboue,but open 
 to receiue ay re &raine. Somealfo vfe to wind withes of hey or ftraw about the rootes 
 of their. Gilloflowers, and fatten them with ftickes thruft into the ground, which 
 feme very well in theftead of theother. Thus haue Ilhewed you the whole preferua- 
 tion of thefe worthy and dainty flowers, with the whole manner of ordering them 
 for their encreafe : if any one haue any other better way, I ftiall be as willing to learne 
 it of them , as I haue beene to giuc them or any others the knowledge of that I haue 
 here fetdowne. 
 
 Chap. IX. 
 
 That there a not any art whereby any flower may he made to grow doable , that wot naturally 
 HOr any other fern or colour than it fir ft had by nature ; nor that the 
 f owing or planting of herbes one deeper than other, will caufe then 
 to be in flower one after another , euery moueth 
 in the year e—i, 
 
 T He wonderfull defire that many haue to fee faire, double, and fweete flowers, 
 hath tranfported them beyond both reafon and nature , feigningand boafting 
 often of what they would haue, as if they had it. And I thinke,from this defire 
 and boafting hath rifcn all the falfe tales and reports,of making flowers double as they 
 lift, andofgiuingthem colour and fent as they pleafe, andto flower likewife atwhat 
 time they will, I doubt not, but that fome of thefeerrours are ancient, and continued 
 long by tradition, and others are of later inuention : and therefore the more to be con- 
 demned, that men of wit and iudgement in thefe dayes ftiouldexpofethemfelues in 
 their writings, to be rather laughed at, then beleeued for fuch idle tales. And although 
 in the contradiffion of them , I know I fhall vndergoe many calumnies , yet notwith- 
 itandmg, I will endeauour to (ct do wne and declare fo much, as I hope may by reafon 
 
 perfvvade 
 
he ordering of the (jar den of £ P leafure . 1 4 
 
 perfwade many in the truth, although I cannot hope of all, fome being fo ftrongly 
 wedded to their owne will, and the errours theyhaue beene bred in, thatnoreafon 
 may alter them. Firft therefore I fay , that if there were any art to make fome flowers 
 to grow double, that naturally were fingle, by the fame art, all forts of flowers that are 
 Angle by nature, may be madeto grow double : but the forts of flowers that are fingle 
 by nature, whereoffome are double, wercneuer made double by art -for many forts 
 abide ftill fingle , whereof there was neuer feene double : and therefore there is no 
 fuch art in any mans knowledge to bring it to pafle. Ifany man fhall fay , that becaufe 
 there are many flowers double, whereof there are fingle al fo of the fame kinde, as for 
 example, Violets, Marigolds, Daifyes, Daffodils, Anemones, and many other , that 
 therefore thofe double flowers were fo made by the art of man : viz. by the obferuati- 
 on of the change of theMoone, the conftellations or coniun&ions of Planets , or 
 fome other Starres or celeftiall bodies. Although I doe confeffeand acknowledge, 
 that I thinke fome conftellations, and peraduenture changes of the Moone, &c. were 
 appointed by the God of nature, as conducing and helping to the making of thofe 
 flowers double, that nature hath fo produced; yet I doe deny, that any man hath or 
 fhall euer be able to proue, that it was done by any art of man, or that any man can tell 
 the true caufes and feafons, what changes of the Moone, or conftellations of the Pla- 
 nets, wrought together for the producing of thofe doubleflowers, or can imitate na- 
 ture, orrarherthe God of nature, todoethelifce. If it fhall bee demanded. From 
 whence then camethefe double flowers that we haue, if they were notfo made by arte 
 I anfwer, that affuredly all fuch flowers did firft grow wilde , and were fo found dou- 
 ble, as they doe now grow in Gardens, but for how long before they were found they 
 became double, no man can tell ; we onely haue them as nature hath produced them, 
 and fo they remaine. Againe, if any fhall fay, that it is likely that thefe double flowers 
 were forced fo to be, by the often planting and tranfplanting ofthcm,becaufc it is ob- 
 ferued in rnoft of them , that if they ftand long in any one place , and not be often re- 
 moued, they will grow ftill lefle double, and in the end turne fingle. I doe confefle, 
 that Facilior eft defeenfw quam afeenfui, and that the vnfruitfulnefle of theground they 
 are planted in, or the negleift or little care had of them , or the growing of them 
 too rhicke or too long , are oftentimes a caufe of the diminifliing of the flowers 
 doubleneffe ; but withall you fhall obferue, that the fame rootes that did beare double 
 flowers (and not any other that neuer were double before) haue returned to their for- 
 mer doubleneffe againe, by good ordering and looking vnto : fingle flowers haue only 
 beene made f omewhat fairer or larger , by being planted in the richer and more fruit- 
 full ground of the Garden, than they were found wilde by nature ; but neuer made to 
 grow double, as that which is naturally fo found of it felfe : For I will fhew you mine 
 owne experience in the matter. I haue been as inquiGtiue as any man might be, with 
 euery one I knew, that made any fuch report, orthat I thought could fay any thing 
 t herein, but I neuer could finde any one, that could affuredly refolue me, that he knew 
 certainly any fuch thing to be donerall that they could fay was but report, for the ob- 
 feruationof theMoone, to remoue plants before the change, that is, as fome fay , the 
 full of theMoone, others the new Moone, whereupon I haue made tryallatmany 
 times, and in many forts of plants, accordingly, and as I thought fit, by planting & tran- 
 fplanting them, but I could neuer fee the effeift defired, but rather in many of them the 
 Ioffe of my plants. And were there indeed fuch a certalne ait, to make fingle flowers 
 to grow double, it would haue beene knowne certainly to fome that would pra&ife it, 
 and there are fo many fingle flowers, whereof there wereneuer any of the kinde feene 
 double, that to produce fuch of them to be double, would procure both credit and 
 coyne enough to him that fhould vfe it ; but Vltra poftfe non eft efte ■. and therefore let no 
 man beleeue any fuch reports , bee they neuer fo ancient • for they are but meere tales 
 and fables. Concerning colours and fents,the many rules and dire&ions extant in ma- 
 nic mens writings, to caufe flowers to grow yellow, red, greene, or white, that neuer 
 were fo naturally, as alfo to be of the fent of Cinamon,Muske, See . would almoft per- 
 fwadeany, that the matters thus fetdowneby fuch perfons, and with fome Ihew of 
 probability , were conftant and afliired proofes thereof : but when they come to the 
 triall, they all vanifli away like fmoake. I will in a few words ihew you the matters and 
 manners of their proceedings to cffeift this purpofe : Firft (they fay ) if you fhall fteepe 
 
The ordering of the (jar den of Tleafure. 
 
 your feedes in the lees of red Wine, you lhall faaue the flowers of thofc plants to be of 
 a purple colour. If you will haue Lillies or Gilloflowers to be of a Scarlet red colour, 
 you lhall put Vermillion or Cynaber betweene the rinde and the fmall heads growing 
 about the rootc : if you will hauethem blew.you lliall diffolue Azur or By fc between 
 the rindeand the heads: if yellow, Orpiment : ifgreene, Vardigreale, and thus of 
 any other colour. Othcrsdoeaduifetoopcnthehcadoftheroote, andpoure into it 
 any colour diffolued , fo that there be no fretting or corroding thing therein for feare 
 of hurting the roote, and looke what colour you put in, iuft fuch or ncare vnto it lliall 
 the colour of the flower bee. Some againe doe aduife to water the plants you would 
 haue changed , with fuch coloured liquor as you defire the flower to be of, and they 
 lhall grow to be fo, Alfo to make Rofes to bee yellow , that you Ihould grafta white 
 Role (fome fay a Damaske) vpon a Broomeftalke, and the flower will be yellow, fup- 
 pofing becaufe the Broome flower is yellow, therefore the Rofe will beyellow.Some 
 affirme the like, if a Rofe begrafted on a Barbery bulb, becaufe both the bloCfome and 
 the barke of the Barbery is yellow , &c. In the’ like manner for fents, they haue fet 
 do wne in their writings, that by putting Cloues, Muske, Cinamon , Benzoin , or any 
 othei fuch fweetc thing, bruifed with Rofe water, between the barke and the body of 
 trees, the fruit of them will fmell and tallc of the fame that is put vnto them, and if 
 they bee put vnto the toppe of therootes, or elfe bound vnto the head of the roote, 
 they will caufetheflowers to fmell of that fent the matter put vnto them is of: as alfo 
 to fteep the feeds of R ofes,and other plants in the water of fuch like fvvec-t things, and 
 then to fovve them, and water them morning and euening with fuch like liquor , vntill 
 they begrownevp; befidesanumberef fuch like rules and directions fetdownein 
 bookes,fo confidently, as if the matters were without all doubt or queftion : when- 
 aswithoutall doubt and queftion I will afiureyou, that they are all but mecreidle 
 talcs & fancies, without all reafon or truth, or lhadow of reafon or truth : For fents and 
 colours arc both iuch qualities as follow the elfence of plants, euen as formes are alfo ; 
 and one may as well make any plant to grow of what forme you will, as to make it of 
 what fent or colour you will; and if any man can forme plants at his will and pleafure, 
 he can doe as much as God himfelfe chat created them. For the things they would 
 adde vnto the plants to giue them colour, are all corporeall , or of a bodily fubftance, 
 and whatfoeuerfhouldgiue any colour vnto a lining and growing plant, muft be fpi- 
 iituall : for no folide corporeall fubftance can ioyneit felfewith the life and cifencc 
 of anherbeortree, andthefpirituall part ofthe colour thereof is not the fa>ne with 
 the bodily fubftance, but is a meere vapour that rifeth from the fubftance, and feedeth 
 the plant, whereby it groweth, fo that there is no ground or colour of reafon, that 
 a fubftantiall colour fhould giue colour to a growing herbe or tree : but for fent 
 (whichisameere vapour)you will faythcreis more probability. Yetconfider alfo, 
 that what fweete fent foeuer you binde or put vnto the rootes of herbes or trees, muft 
 be either buried, or as good as buried in the earth, or barke of the tree, whereby the 
 fubftance will in a fmall time corrupt and rot, and before it can ioy ne it felfe with the 
 life, fpirit,and c ftence ofthe plant, the fent alfo will perilh with the fubftance : Forno 
 heterogeneall things can bee mixed naturally together,as Iron and Clay ; and no other 
 thing but homogeneall,can be nourifliment or conuertibleinto the fubftance of man 
 or beaft : And as the ftomach of man or bead altereth both formes, fents, and colours 
 of all digeftible things ; fo whatfoeuer fent or colour is wholfome,and not poyfonfull 
 to nature, being receiued into the body of man or beaft, doth neitherchange the bloud 
 or skinne into that colour or fent was receiued : no more doth any colour or fent to 
 any plant ; for the plants are onely nourilhed by the moifture they draw naturally vn- 
 to them, be it of wine or any other liquor is put vnto them, and not by any corporeall 
 fubftance, or heterogeneall vapour or fent , becaufetheearth like vntotheftomach 
 doth foone alter them, before they are conuerted into the natureand fubftance of the 
 plant. Now for thelaft part I vndertookc to confute, that no man can by art makeall 
 fiowerstofpringatwhattimeof the yeareheewill; although, aslhaue here before 
 . fhewed, there are flowers for euery moneth of the yeare , yet I hope there is not any 
 one, that hathany knowledge in flowers and gardening, but knoweth that the flowers 
 that appeareand (hew thcmielues in the feuerall moneths of the yeare, are not one and 
 the fame, and fo made to flower by art - } but that they are feuerall forts of plants,which 
 
25 
 
 7 be ordering of the (garden of Q T hafure. 
 
 will flower naturally and conftantly inthefamemonethsoneyeare, that they vfe to 
 doe in another, or with but little alteration, if the y cares proue not alike kindly : As 
 for example , thofe plants that doe flower in Ianuary and February , will by no art or 
 induftry of man be caufed to flower in Summer or in Autumne ; and thofe that flower 
 in Aprill and May, will not flower in Ianuary or February . or thofe in Iuly , Auguft, 
 See. cither in the Winter or Spring: but eueiy one knoweth their owneappointed na- 
 turali times, which they conftantly obferueand keepc, accordingtothetemperature 
 oftheyeare, orthe temper of the climate, being further North or South, to bring 
 them on earlier or later, as it doth with all other fruits, flowers, and growing greene 
 herbes, &c. except that by chance, fomc one or other extraordinarily maybehinde- 
 red in their due feafon of flowring , and fogiue their flowers out of time, orelfeto 
 giue their flowers twice in the yearc, by the iupcraboundance of nourifliment , or the 
 mildneflc of the feafon, by moderate (howcrsofraine,&c. asitfometimesalfohap- 
 penethwith fruits, which chance, as it is feldome, and not conflant, fo we thenterme 
 it but Lttfut ntturx .-or elfe by forcing them in hot floues, which then wil 1 peri(h,when 
 they hanegiuen their flowers or fruits. It is not then, as fomehaue written, the flaw- 
 ing of the feedes of Lillies, or any other plants a foote deepe , or halfe a foote deepe, 
 or two inches deepe, that will caufe them to be in flower one after another, as they are 
 fowneeuerymoneth of theyeare^foritwerc too grofle to thinkc, that any man of 
 rcafonandiudgcmentwouldfobcieeue. Noris itlikcwifein the power of any man, 
 to make the fame plants to abide a moneth, two, or three, or longer in their beauty of 
 flowring, then naturally they vfe to doe ; for I thinkc that were no humane art , but a 
 fupernaturall worke. For nature ftillbendethand tendeth to perfection, thatis, after 
 lowringtogiuefruitorfeedc; norcan it bee hindered in the courfe thereof without 
 manifeft danger of deftru6fion,euenas it is in all other fruit- bearing creatures, which 
 flay no longer, then their appointed time is naturali vntothem, without apparent 
 damage. Some things I grant may be fo ordered in the planting, that according to 
 that order and time which is obferued in their planting, they Hull {hew forth their 
 faire flowers, and they are Anemones, which will in that manner , that I haue (hewed 
 in the worke following, flower in feuerall moneths of the ycare ; whichthingas it is 
 incident to none Or very few other plants, and is found out but of late, fo likewile is it 
 knowne butvnto a very few; Thus haue I (hewed you the true folution of thefe 
 doubts : And although they haue not beene amplified with fuch Philofophicall argu- 
 ments and reafons, as one of greater learning might haue done, yet are t hey truely and 
 fincerely fee dowrte,thatthcy may feme tanqium galeatum , againft all the calumnies 
 and obie&ions of wilfulland obdurate perfons, that will not be reformed. Asfirft, 
 that all double flowers were fo found wilde, being the worke of nature alone, and not 
 the art of any man i by planting or tranfplanting, at or before the new or full Moone, 
 or any other obferuation of time, that hath caufed the flower to grow double, that na- 
 turally was Angle : Secondly, that the rules and dire&ions, to caufe flowers to bee of 
 contrary or different colours or fents, from that they were or would be naturally , are 
 meere fancies of men, without any groundof reafon or truth. And thirdly, that there 
 is no power or art in man, to caufe flowers to (hew their beauty diuers moneths before 
 their naturali time, nor to abide in their beauty longer then the appointed naturali 
 time for euery one of them. 
 
 C 
 
 THE 
 
27 
 
 THE GARDEN 
 
 OF 
 
 PLEASANT FLOWERS. 
 
 rll 
 
 i — , 
 
 Chat. I. 
 
 Corona Imperialis. The Crowfle Imperiali. 
 
 Ecaufe the I, illy is the more (lately flower among ma- 
 nic and am.imgft, the wolderfall varidtie of Lillies, 
 knowne to vs inthde daies,much more then informer 
 times, whereof fome are white, others bluffi, fome pur- 
 ple, other* red of yellow, fome fpotted , others with- 
 out £pots,-fqtne (landing vpright, Others hanging or 
 turning downo&ards, The'jtfowhelmperiall for his 
 (lately beautift)thefs,defcru«h thefirft place in this our 
 Garden of delight, to be here entreated pfbeforeall o- 
 ther Lillies : bant becatife it is fo well kriowrie tomofl 
 perfonSjbeitig in a manner euery where common, I fhall 
 
 neede onely to giue you a relation, of thc.chicfe parts, 
 
 thereof (asIintendmfuchotherrKwgs) which arethefei The root e is yejiowifh on 
 the outfide, cortipqfed of fi^er^ithuoh thicket feiles, theri any other Lilly but the 
 Perfian, and doth grow fomctiitieS to bcasgreat as a pretty biggechildcs head, but, 
 fomewhat flat withall, from thefi'iTs Whereof, 'and not from the bottotj)e,it fhooteth 
 forth thicke long fibres, which perifh cuery y&Yel' bailing ahole in the midft thereof, 
 atthe end bfthe yeare,when the old ftalke is dry and withered , and out of the which 
 A new ftalke doth fpring againe'(from a bud or head fo be feeft within the hollownefTe 
 on the one fide) the yearefollowing : fhcftalketheri filling vp the hollownefTe, rifeth 
 vp three or fourefoote high, being gteat, round, andof a purplifh colour atthe hot- 
 tome, but greene aboue, befet from thence to the middle thereof with many long and 
 broad greene leaues, very like to theieaucs of our ordinary white Lilly, bat foraewhac 
 Inorter and narrower, tonfufedly without brdef , and from the middle is bare or na- 
 ked without leaues, for a ccrtaine fpace vpwards, and theo'bcarech foure, fixe,ortenne 
 flowers, more or lefTe, according to the age Of the plant , arid the fertility of the Toy le 
 where it groweth : Thebuddesatthefirfi appearing arcwhitifli , (landing vpright & 
 mong a bufli or tuft of greene leauey, Tmaller Shop tnofe below, andftanding aboue 
 the flowers , after a while they turne themfelfl'es , aad' hang downewards euerio 
 one vpon his owne footeftalke, round about the great ftem.me or ftalke, fometimes of 
 an cuen depth, and Other whileoneiower or highdrthan Another , which flowers are 
 neare the forme of an ordinary Lilly , yet fomewhat lefter and clofct s confiding of 
 fixe leaues of an Oiangdcdlour ftriped with purplifh. lines and vein.es , which adde 
 a great grace to the flowers : At the bottome ofthe flower nej# vnto tfie ft jjke , euery 
 
 S? ~ ' Icafg 
 
28 
 
 jT be (jar den of pleajant Flowers. 
 
 leafe thereof hath on theoutfideacertaine bunch or eminence, of adarke purplifli co- 
 lour, and on the infide there lyethin thofe hollow bunched places, certainecleare 
 drops of water like vnto pearles, of a very fweete tafte nlmoft like fugar : in the midft 
 of each flower is a long white ftile or pointed, forked or diuided at the end , and fixe 
 whitechiuestipt with ycllowilh pendents, Handing ck>fe about it: after throwers 
 are paft, appeare fixe fquare feede veflejs Handing vpri ght, winged as it were or welted 
 on the edges, yet feeming but three fquare, becaufe ea,ch couple ofthofe welted edges 
 are ioynea clofer together, wherein arc contained br oad, flat, and thinne feedes, of a 
 pale brownifli colour, like vnto other Lillies , but m uch greater and thicker alio. The 
 ftalke of this plant doth oftentimes grow flat, two, three, or foure fingers broad , and 
 then beareth many rr\pre flowers, but for the mofz part fmallerthen when it beareth 
 round ftalkes. And fometimes it happenet h the Ha) ,ke to be diuided at the top , carry- 
 ing two or three tufts of greeneleaues, without an-y flowers on them. And fometimes 
 likewife, to beare two or three rowes or crowne sof flowersoneaboueanothervpoa 
 one ftalke, which is feldomcand fcarcefeene , and befides, is but meere accidentali : 
 the whole plant and euery part thereof, as well r< sotes, as leaues and flowers, doc fineli 
 fomewhatftrongasitwerethefauourofaFoxe , fothatif any doe but come neare it, 
 he cannot but frncll it, which yet is not vnwho) dome. 
 
 I haue not obferued any variety in the color ir of this flower, more then that it will 
 be fairer in a cleare open ayre, and paler , or as it were blafted in a muddy or fmoakie 
 ay re. And although fome haue boafted of oi ic with white flowers, yet I could neuer 
 heare that any fuch hath endured in one vnifi arme colour. 
 
 Countries, and by the relation- of fomethat fentit, groweth naturally in 
 Perfia. 
 
 and fpringethnotoutof the g: round vntill the end of February , orbegin- 
 
 
 ir. • : •ji.cjrv; ■Luiamterjicum. > -a ucrcriiaiiumy. ~ * — 
 
 1o 29ntb5lBd«3ikfll09IMiDB«S9$83d»W 
 
 > i tf iHe rooteof the Petfian Lilly is very like vnto the root of the Crowne Imperi- 
 al: aU,and ldfirtg his fibres in likcmancr euery yeire,hauing a hole therin likewife 
 
 ■ JL. where the oldftalke grew, bur whiter, rounder, and a little longer, hnaller, and 
 not linking ataUlike it^fram whence fpringeth vp a round wftiulh greene ftalke, not 
 
 Tho Place. 
 
 Thisplantwasfirftbrought f from Conftantinople into thefe Chriftian 
 
 Th ifc Time. 
 
 It flpwreth mod commonly in the end of March, if the weather be milde. 
 
 ning of March, fo'quicke it is ii a the fpringing : the heads with feed are ripe 
 in tlieendofMay. 
 
 TK kMnmriC 
 

 3 MarH^tn Imycrttk. The Mart agon Jrn^pcriaU. 
 
 C 3 
 
 much 
 
 1 
 
T he (garden of pleafant Flowers. 
 
 If 
 
 much lower than the Cro wne Imperiali, but much fmallcr, befet from the bottomc to 
 the middle thereof, with many long and narrow leaues, of a whitifh or ble wifh greene 
 colour, almod like to the leafe of a T ulipa : from the middle vpwards, to the toppe of 
 the dalke, ftand many flowers one aboue another round about it, with leaues at the 
 footeofeueryoneofthem, each whereof is pendulous or hanging downe the head, 
 likevntotheCrownelmpcriall, and not turning vp any of the flowers againe, but 
 fmaller than in any other kinde of Lilly, yea not fo bigge as the flower of a Fritillaria, 
 confiding of fixe leaues a peece,of a dead or ouerworne purpldh colour, hauing in the 
 midft a finall long pointed , with certaine chiues tipt with yellow pendents : after the 
 flowers are paft (which abide open a long time, and for the moil part flower by de- 
 grees, the lowed fird, and fo vpwards) if the weather be temperate, come fixe fquare 
 heads or feede veiTels, feeming to be but three fquare, by reafon of the wings, very like 
 to the heads of the Crowne Imperiali , but fmaller and (horter, wherein are contained 
 fuch like flat feed, but fmaller alfo, and of a darker colour. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 • This was, as it is thought, fird brought from Perfia vnto Condantinople, 
 and from thence , fentvnto vs by themeanesof diuers Turkie Merchants, 
 and in efpeciall, by the procurement of M'. Nicholas Lete, a worthy Mer- 
 chant, and a louer of all faire flowers. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 It fpringeth out of thegroundvery neare a moneth before the Crowne 
 Imperiali , but doth not flower till it bee quite pad(that is to fay) not vntill 
 the latter end of A prill, or beginning of May : the feed (when it doth come 
 to perfedion, as it fcldome doth) is notripe vntill Iuly. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 It hath been fent by the name of tennachit Perjitnt , and wee thereupon 
 doe mod vfuallycallit Lilium Perficam, The Perfian Lilly. Clufius faith it 
 hath been fent into the Low-Countries vnder the name of Sufam giul, and 
 he thereupon thinking it came from Sufis in Perfia, called it Lilium Sufu. 
 aura, The Lilly of Sufis. 
 
 TheVertues. 
 
 Wee haue not yet heard , that this hath beeneapplyed for any Phy ficall 
 refpetd. 
 
 Chap. III. 
 
 Mtrtagtn Imftr 'ule , fwe Lilium Moataaam maim, 
 
 TheMartagon Imperiali. 
 
 V Nder this title of Liliam Mtataaum, or Li Ham Silueftre, I do comprehend only 
 thofe kindes of Lillies, which carry diuers circles of greene leaues fet together 
 at certaine didances, round about the dalke, and not fparfedly as the two for- 
 mer, and as other kindes that follow, doe. And although there bee many of this fort, 
 yet becaufe their chiefed difference is in the colour of the flower, wee will containe 
 them allin one Chapter, and begin with the mod ftately of them all, bccaufcof the 
 number offlowers it bearethvpon one dalke. The Imperiali Lilly hath a fcalyrootc, 
 like vnto all the red of the Lillies, but ofa paler yellow colour, clofely com pad or fet 
 together, being (hort and finall oftentimes, in comparifon of the greatneffe of the 
 
 ftemme 
 
c [ he (jar den of pleaf ant flowers . 3 1 
 
 ftemme grqvying from it. T he ftalkc is brownilh and round at the bottome,and fome- 
 tinies flat from the middle vp wards, three foote high or more, befet at ccrtaine diftan- 
 <res with rondles or circles of many broad leaues, larger and broader for the moil part 
 ^ian any other of this kinde, and of a darke green colour: It hath two or three, and 
 fometimes foureof thefe rondles or circles of leaues , and bare without any leafe bc- 
 tweene , but aboue'toward the tops ofthe ftalkes, it hath here and there fome leaues 
 vpon it, but fmaller than any of the other leaues : at the toppe ofthe ftalke come forth 
 litany flowers, fometimethree orfourefcore,thickethruft, or confufedly fet together, 
 and not thinne or fparfedly one abode another , as in the Idler of this kinde of Moun- 
 tains Lilly. It hath been fometimes alfo obferued in this kinde, that it hath borne ma- 
 nic flowers at three feuerall fpaces of the ftalke, one aboue another , which hath made 
 a goodly fliew , each flower whereof is pendulous, hanging downe, and each leafe of 
 tile flower turning vp againe , being thicke or flelhy , of a fine delayed purple colour, 
 fpotted with many blackilfi or brownilh fpots, ofa very pleafantfweet lent, which ma- 
 keth it the more acceptable : in the middle of the flower hangeth downe a ftile or 
 pointed, knobbed or buttoned at the end with fixe yellow chiues,tipt with loofe pen- 
 dents of an Orient red or Vermillion colour, which will eafily fiicke likeduftvpon 
 any thing that toucheth them .-the heads or feede velTels are fmall and round, with 
 fmall edges about them, wherein is contained flat browne feede like other Lillies, but 
 lelTcr.The root is very apt to encreafe or fet of, as we call it,wherby the plant feldome 
 commeth to fo great ahead of flowers, but rifeth vp with many ftalkes, and then carry 
 fewerflowers. 
 
 Ofthiskindetherc is fometimes onefound,thatbeareth flowers without any fpots: Martag «* 
 
 the leaues whereof and ftalke like wife are paler, but not clfe differing. Imperial' 
 
 jlorenott pttn* 
 
 Martagon Jltre albo. The White Martagon. 
 
 We haite alfo fome other of this kind, the firft wherof hath his ftalke & leafe greener 
 than the former, the ftalke is a little higher,bnt not bearing fo thicke a head of flowers, 
 although much more plenrifullthan the Idler Mountainc Lilly,being altogether of a 
 fine white colour, without any fpots, or but very few,and that but fometimes alfo : the 
 pendents in the middle of this flower are not red, as the former, but yellow , the roote 
 of this, and of the other two that follow , are of a pale ycllotf’ colour , the cloues or 
 fcalcs of them being brittle, and not clofely com pad, yet fo as if two , and fometimes 
 three fcalcs or cloues grew one vpon the head or vpperpart of another, which diffe- 
 rence is a fpeciall note to know thefe three kindes, from any Other kinde of Mountaine 
 Lilly, as in all old rootes that I haue feene, I haue obferued, as alfo in them that are rea- 
 fonably well grownc, but in the young rootes it is not yet fo manifeft. 
 
 Martagon flere alio maculato. The White fpotted Martagon. is 
 
 The fccond is like vnto the firft in all things, faue in this, that the flowers hereof are 
 not altogether fo whitc,and befides hath many reddilh fpots on the infide of the leaues 
 of the flower, and the ftalke alfo is not fo greene but brownilh. 
 
 Martagon jiore earner}. The blulh Martagon. 
 
 A third fort thereis of this kinde , whofe flowers are wholly of a delayed flelh co- 
 lour, with many fpots on the flowers, and this isthe difference hereof from the former. 
 
 Lilfom Montanum fiuc filuejlre minus. The leffer Mountaine Lilly. 
 
 The lefler Mountaine Lilly is fo like in root vnto the greater that is firft deferibed, 
 that it is hard to diftinguilh them afunder,but when this is fprungvp ont of theground, 
 whichisamoneth after the firft : it alfo carrieth his leaues in rondles about the ftalke, 
 although not altogether fo great nor fo many. The flowers are more thinly fet on the 
 ftalkes one aboue another, with more diftance betweene each flower than the former, 
 and arc of a little deeper flefh colour or purple, fpotted in the fame manner. The buds 
 
The Cjarden ofpleafant t lowers. 
 
 orheadsofflowers, infomeof thefe before they be blowne, arc hoary white , or 
 
 hairic, whereas in others, thereisnohoafinefleat all, but the ouddes are fmooth 
 and purplifla : in other things this differed! not from the former. 
 
 Of this fort alfo there is one that hath but few fpots on the flowers, whofe colour is Li Hum Man 
 fome what paler than the other. ST»!* W 
 
 gain, as the former kinds fet forth in this Chapter ; yet becaufe thegrccn leaues fland at 
 feucrall ioynts as they do, I malt needs infert it here, not knowing where more fitly to 
 place it. It hath a fmall fcaly roote, with many fmall long fibres thereat,from whence 
 l ifetn vp a reafonable great ftalke, almoft as high as any of the former, bearing at three 
 or foure diftances many long and narrow grccne leaues , but not fo many or fo broad 
 as the former, with diuers ribbes in them: from among the yppcrmoft rundle of leaues 
 breake forth foure or fiue flowers together, cuery one (landing on a long (lender foote 
 ftalke, being almoft as large as a red Lilly, but a little bending downewards , and of a 
 faire yellow colour, (potted on the infide with diuers blackilh purplefpots or drakes, 
 hauing a middle pointed, and fixe chiues,with pendentson them;, 
 
 All thefe Lillies hauebeen found in the diuers Countries of Germany, as 
 Auftria, Hungaria, Pannonia, Stiria, &c. and are all made Denifonsinour 
 London Gardens, where they flourifh as in their owne naturali places. The 
 laft was was brought into France from Canada by the French CoIonie,and 
 from thence vnto vs. 
 
 They flower about thelaterend of tune forthe mod part, yet thefirft 
 fpringeth out of theground a moneth at the lead before the other, which 
 are mod vfually in flower before it, like vnto the Serotine Tdlipas, all of 
 them being early vp , and neuer the neere. 
 
 and is Lilium Montarutmmam, the greated Mountaine L;lly ; tor io it defer- 
 ueth the flame, becaufe of the number of flowers vpon a head or ftalke. 
 Some haue called it Lilium SarafmsumjnA feme HemerotaBu , but neither 
 ofthetn doth fo fitly agree vnto it. , 
 
 The (econd is Ltliuvt Mcntanuro maim flortalbo, and offome Martagox 
 Imperiale flortalbo, but mod vfually Martagen flortalbo, the white Marta- 
 gon. The fecond fort of this fecond kinde, is called Mart age» flore albo ma« 
 culato, the fpotted white Martagofl. And the third. Mart agon flore carnet, 
 theblufli Martagott. 
 
 5 - The third kinde is called Lilium Mont a»um \ the Mcuntaine Lilly , anc! 
 
 fomeaddc the title ««nw^thelefler, to know it more d'ftinttly from theo- 
 ther. Some alfo Lilium Silueflrt, hs Clufius, and fome others , and of Mat" 
 thiolus Mart agon. <di diuers women here inEngland,fromthe Dutch name, 
 ; Lilly of Nazareth. The laft hatfohis title Ubn&ieattm and m 
 
 Englilh accordingly 'i 
 
 Martagon Canadtufe maculatum. The fpotted Martagofl of Canada. 
 Although this ftrange Lilly hath not his flowers hanging downe, and turning vp a- 
 
 Thc Place. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 r 
 
 €vi it. I Vi 
 
54 - The (garden of pleafant Flatters. 
 
 Chap. IV. 
 
 i. MirUgon Tomptneum put Lilium rubrum prucex, vel Lilium Micedoniiun,. 
 The early red Martagon, or Martagon Pompony . 
 
 Martagon 
 Vomponeum 
 anpufti folium 
 pracox. 
 
 ». Marugtn 
 angutii folium 
 mttgisftntim 
 Hum. 
 
 3 . Marts go* 
 Vomponeum 
 Utifohym pne 
 sox. 
 
 7 . Martagon 
 jlorcpbeniceo. 
 
 A S in the former Chapter wedefcribed vnto you fuch Lillies, whole flowersbe- 
 ing pendulous , turne their leaues backe againe , and haue their greene leaues 
 fet by fpaccs aboutthe ftalke : fo in this wee will let downe thole forts , which 
 carry their greene leaues more fparfedly, and all along the ftalke , their flowers hang- 
 ing downe, and turning vp againe as the former, and begin with that which is ofgrea- 
 teft beauty, or at leaft of moft rarity. 
 
 1 . This rare Martagon hath a fcaly root clofely compacft, with broader and tbinnef 
 fcalesthanothers, intimegrowing very great, and of amore deepe yellow colour 
 then the former, from whence doth fpring vp a round greene ftalke in fome plants, and 
 flat in others, two or three footc high, bearing a number of fmall , long , and narrow 
 greene leaues, very like vnto the leaues of Pinkes, but greener, fet very thicke together 
 and without order about the ftalke , vp almoft vnto the toppe , and leifer by degreed 
 Vpwards, where ftand many flowers, according to the age of the plant, and thriuing in 
 the place whereit groweth ; in thofe that are young , butafew, and more fparfedly, 
 and in others that are old many more, and thicker fet : for I haue reckoned threefcore 
 flowers and more , growing thicke together on one plant with mee , and an hundred 
 flowers on another : thefe flowers are of a pale or yellowrih red colour , and not fo 
 deep redas the red Martagon ofConftantinopIe, hereafter fet down, nor Fully fo large: 
 yet ofthe fame fafhion, that is, euery flower hanging downe, and turning vp his leaues 
 againe. It is not fo plentifull in bearing of feede as the other Lillies, but when it doth 
 it differeth not but in being Iefie. , 5 
 
 There is another, whole greene leaues arc notfothickc fet on the ftalke, butelfe 
 differeth not but in flowri.bg a fortnight later. 
 
 There is another alio of this klnd,fo like vnto the former in root,ftalk, flower, & ma- 
 ner ofgrowing, that the difference is hardly difcerncdjbutconfifteth chiefly in thefe 
 . two points;Firft,that the leaues of this are a little broader and fhorter then the former- 
 and fecondly, that it beareth his flowers a fortnight earlierthan the firft. In the colour 
 or forme of the flower, there can no difference bee difeerned , nor (as I faid)in any o- 
 
 therthing. All thefe Lillies doe fpring very lateout of theground,euenas the yellow 
 Martagons doc, but are fooner in flower then any others, 
 
 A fourth kindehereof hath of late been knowne to vs, whole leaues are broader and 
 fhorter the» thelaftij andtheflowers of a paler red, tending to yellow, offome cal- 
 led agolden red colour : but flowrech not fo early as they. 
 
 , ■ ' ige.ii 
 
 j. Lilium rubrum Byzantinum, put Murtdgtn Cwfletniinepolituiam. 
 
 The red Martagon of Conftantiuople. A : . 
 
 hr.* jj, .- i bnoa Jiol f n< .'1 >rlT .1 
 
 t 1 ' he r cd Martagon Of Conftantinople is become fo common ctiery where, and fo 
 11 loners of thefe delights , that I fliall feemc vnto them tolofetime, 
 tob (to>. ;■ an h •'ponit;yetbecaufeiCisfofaireaflower, andwas atthefirftfo 
 h.-goly efteemea , ... ieferuethhis place and; commendations , howfoeuer-Cncreafing 
 plenty hath aotraade it dainty. It riferivout ofthe ground early in the fpring, be- 
 ‘ lV : other Lillies, from a great thicke yellow fcaly root, bearing a rou n d bro w- 
 
 ftalke, befeewhb many faire greene leahes confufedly thereon , but n6t fo broad 
 *nc common white Lilly, vpon the toppe whereof ftand one, two, or three, or more 
 flowers, vpon long footeftalkes, whichhangdownetheir heads, and turne vp their 
 leaues againe, of an excellent red crimfon colour, and fometimes paler, hauing a long 
 potntcll in the middle, compaffed with fixe whitifh chiues, tipt with loofe yellow 
 pendents, ofareafonable good fent, but fonjCVThat faint. Itlikewife beareth feede in 
 heads, like vnto tbcother, but greater, 
 
 l.MurtegCB 
 
T be (jardcn ofpleafdnt Flowers, $5 
 
 Martagon Conftantinopolittnum maculatum. 
 
 The red fpotted Martagon of Conftantinople. 
 
 We haue another of this kinde, that groweth fomewhat greater and higher , with a 
 larger flower, and of a deeper colour, fpotted with diuers blacke fpots , or ftrakes and 
 lines,asistobefeeneintheMountaine Lillies, and in fome other hereafter to be de- 
 feribed ; but is not fo in the former of this kinde, which hath no fliew of fpots ac all. 
 The whole plant as it is rare, fo it is of much more beauty then the former. 
 
 i . Martagon Pannoni cum, flue Exoticum flortfpaiicct. 
 
 The bright red Martagon of Hungarie. 
 
 Althoughthis Martagon or Lilly bee of another Countrey, yet byreafonof the 
 neerenefleboth in leafeand flower vnto the former, may more fitly be placed nextvn- 
 to them, then in any other place. It hath his roote very like the other, buttheleaues 
 are fomewhat larger, and more fparfedly fet vpon the ftalke, elfe not much vnlike: 
 the flowers bend downe, and turne vp their leaues againe , but fomewhat larger , and 
 of a bright red , tending to an Orenge colour , that is, fomewhat yellowilh,and not 
 crimfon, like the other;, 
 
 3. Martagon Luteum punSlatum. The Yellow fpotted Martagon! 
 
 i. This Yellow Martagon hath a great fcaly or cloued roote, and yellow, like vnto 
 all thefe forts of turning Lillies, from whence fpringeth vp a round greene ftrong 
 ftalke, three foote high at the leaft, confufedly fet with narrow long greene leaues, 
 white on the edges v p to the very toppe thereof almoft , hauing diuers flowers on the 
 head, turning vp againe as the former doe, of a faint yelloWi(h,or grccnifh yellow co- 
 lour, with many blacke fpots or ftrakes about the middle of the leafe of euery flower, 
 and a forked pointed, with fixe chiues about it, tipt with reddilh pendents, ofa heauie 
 ftrong fmell, notvery pleafant to many. It beareth feedevery plentifully, in great 
 heads, like vnto the other former Lillies, but a little paler. 
 
 2. Martagon Luteum non maculatum. The Yellow Martagon withoutfpots. 
 
 The otheryeilow Martagon differeth in no other thing from the former, but onely 
 that it hath no fpots at all vpon any of the leaues of the flowers; agreeing with the for- 
 mer, in colour, forme, height, and all things elfe. 
 
 • v . ... 1 ' . ' 'i . i f 
 
 3. Martagon Luteum ferotinum The late flowring Yellow Martagon. 
 
 There is yet another yellow Martagon, that hath no other difference then the time 
 of his flowring, which is not vntill Iuly , vnlefle in this, that the flower is el a deepet 
 yellow colour. 
 
 “the Place! 
 
 The knowledge of the firft kindcsof thefe early Martagonshath come 
 from Italy, from whence they haue bin fent into the Low- Countries, and to 
 vs,and, as it feemeth by the name, whereby they haue bin fent by fome into 
 thefe parrs, his originali ftipuld be from the mountaines in Macedonia. 
 
 The fecond fort is fufficiently knowne by his name, being firft brought 
 front Conftantinople , his naturali place being not farre from thence, as ic 
 is likely. But the next fort of this fecond kinde; doth plainly tell vs his 
 place of birth to be the mountaines of PannOnia or Hungarie. 
 
 The third kindes grow on the Pyrenatan mountaines , where they haue 
 bceri fearched out, and found by diuers louers of plants, as alfointheKing» 
 dome of Naples. 
 
 The 
 
1* 
 
 The (garden of pleafant blowers. 
 
 The Time. • \t 
 
 The firft early Martagons flower in the end of May, or beginning of 
 June , and that is a moneth at the leaft before thofe that come from Con- 
 ftantinople, which is the fecond kinde. The two firft yellow Martagons 
 flower fomewhatynoreearly, then the early red Martagons, and fomerimes 
 at the lame time with them. But the third yellow Martagon, as isfaid,flow- 
 retha moneth later or more, and is in flower when the red Martagon of 
 Conftantinopleflowreth. And although the early red and yellow Marta- 
 gons, fpring later then the other Martagons or Lillies, y et they are in flowef 
 before them. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 The firft early red Lillies or Martagons haue beenefent Vflfo vs by fetie- 
 rall names, as Martagon Pomponcum, and thereafter are called Martagon of 
 Pompony, and alfo Lilium or Martagon Macedonicum , the Lilly or Marta- 
 gon of Macedonia. They are alfo called by Clulius Ltltum rubrum fracox, 
 the on tanguHiorc folio, the other latiore folio. And the laft of this kinde hath 
 the title flore pbxniceo added or giuen vnto it, that is, the Martagon or Lilly 
 of Macedonia with gold red flowers. 
 
 The Martagons of Conftantinople haue beene fent by the Turkifh name 
 Zufiniare, and is called Martagon, or Lthum 'Byzantinum by fome, and He - 
 meroctl/ii Chalccdonica by others ; but by the name ofthe Martagon of Con- 
 ftantinople they are moft commonly receiued with vs, with the diftimftion 
 of maculatum to the one, to dift inguifh the forts. The laft kinde in this clajsu, 
 hath his name in his title, as it hath been fent vnto vs. 
 
 The Yellow Martagons are diftinguifhed in their feucrall titles, as much 
 as is conuenient for them. 
 
 Chap. V. 
 
 \ 'A /•! - r H- 'OfHV ^ 
 
 Cilium Murcum & Lilium Rubrum. The Gold and Red Lillies. 
 
 T Here are yet (bme other kindes of red Lillies to bee defcribed, which differ 
 from all the former, and reinaine to be fpoken of in this place. Some of them 
 grow high , and fomelowe , fome haue fmall knots, which wee call bulbes, 
 growing vpon the fta Ikes, at the ioynts of the leaues or flowers, and fome haue none ; 
 *11 which fliall be inu eated of in their feuer all orders. 
 
 • » 'Sk vf&yS * * 5 if Ub . 
 
 Lt/ium pumilum cruentum. The dwarfe red Lilly. 
 
 Thedwarfered Lilly hath a fcaly roote, fomewhat like vnto other Lillies, but 
 white,and not yellow at all, andthecloues or feales thicker, fliorter, andfewerin 
 number, then in moft ofthe former : the ftalke hereof is not aboue a footcand ahalfe 
 high, round andgreene,fet confufedly with many faire and fhorc greene leaues, on the 
 toppe of which doe ftand fometimes but a few flowers,and fometimes many .of a faire 
 purplifh red colour,and a little paler in the middle.euery flower ftanding vprighr, and 
 not hanging downe , as in the former, on ihe leaues whereofhereand therearefome 
 blacke fpots , lines ormarkes , and in the middle of the flower a long pointcll , with 
 fome chiues about it, as is in the reft of thefe Lil lies. 
 
 LiSum nbrum This kinde is fometimes found to yedd double flowers , asif all the fingle flowers 
 fMiuiUcijitre. fliouldgrow into one, and fo make it confift of many leaues , which notwithftanding 
 
 hj s 
 
I Murtagon rttbrwn fius luteum. The red or the yellow Martagon. l Lilium Buliifenint. The red hul ' 
 bed Lilly. 3 Lilmmuureum. The gold red Lilly. 4 LilimytMnm. The white Lilly. 
 
 D 
 
 The (jar den of p leaf ant Flowers. 
 
38 
 
 ‘The (jar den of pleafant Flowers. 
 
 his fo continuing fun dry ycares, vpon cran! planting, mil retire ad inanium that is 
 quickly come againcte his old byas or forme * 5 ' * 
 
 Lilium 'limeum. The Gold red Lilly. 
 
 
 I 
 
 The fecond red Lilly without bulbes grpweth much higher then the firft and a! ; 
 moft as high as any other Lilly: the roote hereof is white and fcaly, the Hues ar e 
 fomewhat longer, and of a.darke or fad greene colour; the flowers are many and 
 large, (landing vpnght as all thefe iorts of red Lillies doe, ofa paler red colour ten- 
 ding to an Ofenge on the infide, with many blacke fpots,and lines on them as in the 
 former, and more yellow on the outfide ; the feede velfels are like vnto the round ifhi 
 heads of other Lillies, and fo are the feedes in them likewife. 
 
 i . Lilium minus bulbiferum. The dwarfe bulbed Lilly. 
 
 Thefirftof theLiUies thatcarrieth bulbes on the ftalke, hath a white fealv roote 
 hke the former ; from whence rifcth vp a fmaJl round ftalke, not much higher rh P „ 
 the firft dwarfe Lilly feeming to be edged, hauifig many leaues thereon of a S fad green 
 colour fet about it, clqfethruft together: the greeneheads for flowers, will haue a kind 
 
 of woolhnefleon them, before the flowers begin toopen, and betweene thefe heads 
 of flowets^salfovnderthemandamongthevppermoftkauevppeare fmall bulbe 
 
 or heads, which being npeifthcy be putinto the grounder ifthey fall ofthemfelues 
 will flioote forth leaues, and beare flowers within two or three yeares like the mnr S‘ 
 plant, an d fo will the bulbes of the other hereafter deferibed : the ^ower of h 
 Lilly are of a fa.regold yellow colour, fliadowed ouer with a (hew of purple but not 
 fo red as the firft or the nextto bee deferibed. This Lilly will ftootc firings vnde! 
 ground, like as the laft red Lilly will doe alfo, whereat will grow white bulbed roots 
 like therootes ofthe mother plant, thereby quickly encreafing it felfe. ’ 
 
 s. Lilium Cruenium bulbiferum. The Fierie red bulbed Lilly. 
 
 The fecond bulbed Lilly rifethvp with his ftalke as high as any of thefelillH 
 fiCTZI 7 long^dH^rowdarkegreeneleauesaboutir, and at the toppe mS 
 
 fat e red flowers, as large or larger then any of the former, and ofa deeper red colouf 
 
 Lilium Cruentum fere fleno. The Fierie red double Lilly. 
 
 The difference of this doth chiefly confift in the flower, which is compofed ofma- 
 anw ^j^tnuny flowers went to make one, (potted with black fpotsjand without 
 
 is fai^to b S e WhenU ^ bearet{ b wluch is but accidentali , as the former double Lilly 
 
 3. Lilium maius bulbiferum. Thegreater bulbed red Lilly. 
 
 The third red Lilly with bulbes, rifeth vp almoft as high as the laft,and is the moft 
 commonkinde we haue bearing bulbes. It hath many leaues about the ftalke butnot 
 o fo fad a greene colour as the former : the flowers areofas pale a reddifli yellow co- 
 ml ° ! 1C COmmin S neereft vnt0 ^e colour ofthe Gollred Lilly. 
 
 groJSSSSSS^^ “! and m ft0 ° tin§ ftriDSSj t0 encre ^roptesvndcT 
 
 The Place. 
 
 - ff e ^ lies doe a11 8 "»" in Gardens, but their naturali places ofgrow- 
 
 jng is the Mountaines and the Valliesneere them in Italy, as Matthiolus 
 
 • faith : 
 
 
The (jar den of pie af ant Flowers. 
 
 3P 
 
 faith : and in many Countries of Germany , as Hungarie, Auftria, Stiria 3 
 and Bohemia, as Clufius and other doe report. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 They flower for the moft part in Iune, yet the firft of thefe is the earlieft 
 of all the reft. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 All thefe Lillies are called Lilia Rubra , Red Lillies : Some call them 
 Lilium Aureum , Lilium Purpureum , Lilium Puniceum , & Lilium Cruentum . 
 Some alfo call them Martagon Chimi(Urum. Clufiuscalleth thefe bulbed 
 Lillies Mart agon hulbtftrum. Itis thought to be Hyacinth™ Poetarum , but I 
 referre the dilcuffing thereof to a fitter time. Wee haue, to d iftinguifh them 
 moft fitly (as I take it)giuen their proper names in their feuerall titles. 
 
 N 
 
 nople. 
 
 C h a p. VI. 
 
 Lilium Album. The White Lilly. 
 
 O W remarneth onely the White Lilly, of all the whole family or ftocke of the 
 Lillies, tobee fpokenoif, which is of two forts. The one is our common or 
 vulgar White Lilly ; and the other, that which was brought from Conftanti- 
 
 Lilium Album vulgare. The ordinary White Lilly. 
 
 The ordinary White Lilly fcarce needeth any defeription, it is fo well known?, 
 and fo frequent in eucry Garden ; but to fay fome what thereof, as I vfe to doe of euery 
 thing,beitneuerfo common and knowne ; ir hath aclcSued or fcalyroote, yellower 
 and bigger then any ofthe red Lillies/ the ftalke is of a blackilh greenecolour, and 
 rifeth as high as moft of the Lillies , hauitig many faire,, broad, and long greene leaues 
 thereon, larger and longer beneath, and fmaller vpon the ftalke vpwards ; the flowers 
 are many or few, according to the age of the plant , fertility of the foile , and time of 
 Handing where it groweth: and ftand vpon long greene footftalkes, of a faire white 
 colour, with a long pnintell inthemiddle, and white chiuestipt with yellow pendents 
 about it ; the fmcll is fome what heady and ftrong. 
 
 Lilium Album Byzantinum. The White Lilly of Conftantinople. 
 
 The other White Lilly, differeth but little from the former White Lilly , either ini 
 roore, leafe, or flower, but only that this vfually groweth with more number of flow- 
 ers,thcn euer wefawinour ordinary White Lilly :for I haue feenethe ftalke of this 
 Lilly turn e flat, of the breadth of an hand, bearing neere two hundred flowers vpon a 
 head, yet moft commonly it beareth not aboue a dozen, or twenty flowers , but final- 
 Icr then the ordinary, as the greene leaues are likewife. 
 
 The Place, 
 
 The firft groweth onely in Gardens , and hath notbeene declared where 
 it is found elide, by any that I can heare of.The other hathbeenefent from 
 Conftuntinople, among other rootes , and therefore is likely to grow in 
 fome parts neere thereunto. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 noidw . t obi li n noloo iwigiid i; doei rsv/oQ-Jd. . \ 
 
 They flower in Iune or thereabouts, but (hoote forth greene leaues in 
 
 t> 2 Autumne. 
 
 ml 
 
c f be (jar den off leaf ant F lowers. 
 
 Autumne, which abide greene all the Winter, the ftalke fpringingvpbc- 
 cwcene the lower leaues in the Spring. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 It is called Lilium Altum, the White Lilly , by mod Writers ; but by Po- 
 ets RtJ* luutnu, Iuno's Rofe. The other hath his name in his title. 
 
 # 
 
 TheVertues. 
 
 This Lilly aboue all the reft,yea,andl thinke thisonely, and none of 
 the reft is vfed in medicines nowadayes, although in former times Empt- 
 ricis vfed the red ; and therefore I haue fpoken nothing of them in the end 
 of their Chapters, referuing what is to be faid in this. This hath a mollify- 
 ing, digefting, and cleanfing quality, helping to fuppurate tumours, and to 
 digeftthem, for which purpofethe roote is much vfed. The water of the 
 flowers diftilled, is of excellent vertue for women in trauellof childe bea- 
 ring, to procure an cafie deliuery, as Matthiolus and Camerarius report. It 
 is vfed alfo of diuers women outwardly , for their faces to cleanfe the skin, 
 and make it white and frefh. Diuers other properties there are in thefc 
 Lillies, which my purpofe is not to declare in this place. Nor is it the fcope 
 ofthisworke; this that hath been faid is fufficient: for were it not, thatl 
 would giue you fome tafte of the qualities of plants (as I faid in my Preface) 
 as I goe along with them, a generali workc were fitter to declare them 
 then this. 
 
 u >. ’ ) Ch Af. VII. 
 
 ) . 
 
 Frittfarju. Thecheckerd Daffodill, 
 
 lo ;; iC> H -j: ' r 
 
 r a Lthough diuers learned men do bythenamegiuen vnto this delightfull plant, 
 thinke it doth in fomt things partake with a Tulipa or Daffodill , and haue 
 X .^therefore placed it betweene their); yet I,findingit moft like vnto a little Lilly, 
 both in roote, ftalke, lcafe, flower , and feede , haue (as you fee here) placed it next 
 vnto the Lillies, and before them. Hereof there arc many forts found out of late, as 
 white, red, blacke, and yellow, befides the purple, which wasfirftknowne; and of 
 each of them there are alfo diueis forts : and firft of that which is moft frequent, and 
 then of thereft, euery one in his place and order. 
 
 i. FriHarU vulguru. The common checkerd Daffodill. 
 
 The ordinary checkerd Daffodill (as it is vfually called , but might more properly 
 be called the fmall checkerd Lilly) hath aftnall round white roote, and fomewhac 
 flat, made as it were of two cloues, and diuided in a maner into two parts, yet ioyning 
 together at the bottomeor feate of the roote, whichholdeth them both together : 
 from betweene this cleft or diuifion, thebudde for the ftalke &c. appeareth, which in 
 time rifeth vp a foote , orafoote andahalfe high, being round and of a brownilh 
 greene colour, efpecially»eere vnto the ground, whereon there ftandeth difperfedly 
 foure or fiuc narrow long and greene leaues, being a little hollow ; at the toppe of the 
 ftalke, betweene the vpper leaues (which are fmaller then the lowcft) the flower fhew- 
 eth it felfe, hangtfjE8t turning downe the head , but not turning^) againe any of his 
 leaues , as fom^^Bpe Lillies before deferibed doe ; (fometim^s this ftalke bcarcth 
 two flowers, and very feldomethree) confining offixe leaues, ofareddifh purple co- 
 lour, fpotted diuerfly with great fpots, appearing like vnto fquare checkers, ofa dee- 
 per colour; the infide of the flower is of a brighter colour then the outfide, which 
 hathfomcgreennelfcatthebottomeof euery leafe: within the flower there appearc 
 
The Qarden of pleafant Flowers. 
 
 + 1 
 
 i TrUilUrit vukm?. The common Fritillam, i FritilUrU flirt ttrtrubmce- The iJrke red Frltillaria. 4 fritilUrU 
 nht. T*he while FritilUrU. 7 FritilUrU htex puncUtr- The ycllo v checkcrd Frinllaria. 8 FrtulUrti Ituti luUcx. The 
 •reat yellow Italian FritilUrU- 10 FritilUrU Utet ujltmicx. The foa.U yellow FntiUatla of Portugal, is fru, limit 
 fynntt. The black» FritilUrU. 1 a FritUtxrUvnhfltifcn, the SpiniU* bUcke Ftmllana, 
 
4 * 
 
 The (jar den of pleafant Flowers. 
 
 fixe chiues tipc with yellow^pendcntsTand a three-forked ftile oTpoh^ellcornpaflin» a 
 greemr head, which when the flower 1S part , rifeth vpright againe, and beco.nmelh 
 fl h r fCC u C ;., bcl ? 8 f°“ c what long and round , yet hauing a fmall fliew of edges 
 flat at the head, like the head of a Lilly, and without any crowne as the Tulipa hath ’ 
 _ . . , Wh " eln 15 c r onta “ied pale coloured flat feede, like vnto a Lilly, but fmaller. 
 
 ■ T ! CrC 15 fome V° be K fe T ia rhis , flowcr 5 forin ^ the colour is paler and 
 
 r<cl * 1 *-. “ °‘ h «* a ? alne 0f a vcr y bl S hor deepe colour: fometimes alfo they haue eight leaues 
 and fometimes ten or twelue, as lftwo flowers were made one, which fome thereupon 
 haue called a Double Fritillam. Some of them likewife doe flower very early, cmn 
 
 2 . FritiUdru flere dtrorubente. The bloud red Fritillaria. 
 
 The rootc of this Fritillaria is fomewhat rounder and clofer then the former from 
 whence the ftalke rifeth vp, being ftiorter and lower then in any other of chefe kindes 
 hsuing one or two leaues thereon, and at the top thereof two or three more fet clofer 
 together which are broader, fliorter, and whiter thenanyofthem before, almoft like 
 vntothcleauesofthe yellow Fritillaria from among which toppe leauescommeth 
 forth the flower, fomewhat bending downe, or ratherftanding forth, beinglarget 
 then any of the former, and almoft equall in bignelfe vnto the yellow Fritillaria of a 
 duskiegray colour all oner on the outfide.and of a very darke red colour on the infide 
 dmerfiy fpotted or ftraked : this very hardly enpreafeth by the roote , andasfeldomc 
 gmeth ripe feede, but flowreth with the other firft forts, and before the blacke, and a- 
 bideth lefle time in flower then any. * 
 
 3 - FritiSdrU moximi purpurea fltterubr*. The great purple or red Fritillaria. 
 
 This great Fritillaria hath his roote equall to the bignefle of the reft of his parts, 
 from whence nfeth vp one,& oftentimes two ftalks, hauing one, two or three flowere 
 a peece on them , as nature and the feafons are fitting : euery one of thefe flowers are 
 
 largerandgreaterthenanyoftheformerdefcribed, and pendulous as they are, ofa 
 
 2hi^M 1 ° r u! Ur r }lCO i OU1 i’ mt r man y thwart lines on them , and fmall long markes, 
 which hardly feeme checketwife,nor arc fo eminent or confpicuous as in thcTormer : 
 
 4. FritiSirU dibit. The white Fritillaria. 
 
 The white Fritillaria is fo like vnto the firft , thatlfhallnot neede to make another 
 defcnption of this : it ftiall (I hope) be fufficient to fliew the chiefc differenced and fo 
 proceed to the left. The ftalkeand leaues of this are wholly greene, wherebyitmav 
 
 H 1T nC r r m th f 0I T Cr » * hlch > as is faid, is brownifh at tbebottome. ”2 
 fi er is white, without almoft any (hew offpot or marke in it, yet in fome the markes 
 
 Fnflpof m< ^ re P^fdy to be fecne , and in fome againethereisaihewof a faint 
 
 nf fh c OOUrC fl ° be fe r nc 10 thc flowcr > Specially in the infide, the becomes 
 
 of the leaues of euery flower fometimes aregreenifh, hauing alfo a fmall lift ofgreene 
 comming downetowards thc middle of each lea fe : the head of fcedeveffell asalfo 
 
 ^^^ Wf0ltoV,lt0thef0Bnrf * 
 
 y . Frit Muri* flore duplici albicante. the double blufh Fritillaria. 
 
 This Fritillaria hath a round flattifh white roote, very like vnto thc laft Fritillaria 
 bearing a ftalke with long greene leaues thereon, little differing from it, or the firft or’ 
 dinary Fritillaria : the flower is faid to be coaftant, compofed of many leaues E 
 
 wnrn r v fuaIIy twelue, of a pale whiti/h purple colour, fpottedlike 
 
 vnto the paler ordinary Fritillaria that is early, fo that one would verily thinkc it were 
 
 but 
 
T be (jarden of f leaf ant blowers. 4.5 
 
 V ' but an accidentali kinde thereof, whereas it is (as is faid before) held to bee conflant» 
 continuing in this manner. ; r 
 
 6 . Fritiliaria flore luteo puro. The pure yellow Fritiliaria,’ 
 
 The pure yellow Fritiliaria hath a more round, and not fo flat a whitiih roote as the 
 former kindes, and of a meane bignefle ; from the middle rifeth vp a ftalke a foote and 
 a halfe high , and fometimes higher , whereon are fet without order diuers long and 
 fomewhat broad Ieaues of a whitiih greene colour , like vnto the leaues of the blacks 
 Fritiliaria, but not aboue halfe fo broad : the flower is fomcwhatfmall and long not 
 muchvnliketo the blackefor lhape andfalhion, but that the leaues arc fmaller and 
 rounder pointed, ofa faint yellowilh colour , without any (hew of fpots or checkers 
 atall,eyther within or without the flower, hauing forae chiues andyellow pendents in 
 the middle, as is to befeenc in all of them : the feedc is like the firft kinde. 
 
 . . i ■ . * r ‘ • 50 jC‘'.0' ol: mnr !‘r. i i ?ir!T 
 
 7. Fritiliaria fore luteo varie fine punll ate. The checkerd yellow Fritiliaria." 
 
 This Fritiliaria groweth not much lower then the former , and brownilh at the ri- 
 ling vp, hauing his leaues whiter, broader, and (horter then it, and almoft round poin- 
 ted. The flower is greater, and larger fpread then any other before, of a faire pale yel- 
 low colour, fpotted in very good order, with fine fmall checkers, which adde a won- 
 derful! pleafing beauty thereunto : .it hath al(b fome lifts of greene running downe the 
 backeofeuery leafe. It feidome giucth feede • the roote alfo is like the other, but not 
 foflat. >2 i . j i: ■ • 
 
 2 . Fritiliaria lutea maxiutpltalica. The great yellow Italian Fritiliaria. 1 
 
 This kinde of Fritiliaria rifeth vp with a rpund and browne greene ftalke, whereon 
 are fet diuers leaues fomewhat broad and Iho.rt, which compaffe the ftalke at the bot- 
 tomeofthem,ofadarke greene cplourj at the toppe of the ftalke, which bendeth a 
 litrle downewards, doe moft vfually Hand three or foure leaues,bctwcene which com- 
 meth forth moft vfually but one flower, which is longer then the laft, hanging downe 
 the head as all the others doe, confiding of fixe leaues, of a darkc yellowilh purple 
 colour, fpotted with fomefmallred checkers. This kinde flowreth late , and not, yr- 
 till all the reft are part. ’ 1 .1. ■: 
 
 •ji . . . oil £ ,r,i ; bar: ,nsd? . . 
 
 9. FritiBaria Italorum poly an th os fore par uo. The fmall Italian Fritiliaria.' 
 
 This fmall Italian Fritiliaria carrieth more (lore of flowers on the ftalke , but they 
 are much fmaller, and of a yellowilh greene colour, fpotted with long and fmall darkc 
 red checkers or markes ; the ftalke hath diuers fmall fhort greene leaues thereon , vnto 
 the very toppe. ‘ ■ . f) 
 
 v.; / - 7 : ... : , illj-.ul OiU . 
 
 10 . Fritiliaria lutea luncifolh Luf tanka, The feallyellow Fritiliaria of Fortugall. 
 
 ‘. V’ . .. Lft.. r * . I'lO rsrtilayrJ* 
 
 The leaues of this Fritiliaria are fo fmall, nartbw and long, that it hath eaufed them 
 to take the name of rufhes , as if yon Ihould call it, The fifth leafed Fritiliaria, which 
 ftand on a long weake round ftalke, fet without order : the flower is fmall and yellow, 
 but thicker checkerd with red fpots thenany of the otheryellow Fritillarias; the ftalSe 
 of the flower, at the head thereof, being alfo of a yellowifn Colour. 1 
 
 3 ' id Hpol nfal 
 
 1 1 . Fritiliaria Pjrettaafue Apenninea. The blackeFritilfarfa» 
 
 1 . ■ nil pi to . ..-*••• • •• 
 
 The rooteof this kinde doth often grow fo great, that itfeemefh like vnto the roote 
 ofa fmall Crowne Imperiali : the ftalke is ftrong, round, and high, fet without order, 
 with broader and whiter greene leapes then any of the former, bearing one, two, 01 
 three flowers ; fometimes at the toppe,bcingnot fo Iargcasthofeofthebrdinary pur- 
 ple Fritiliaria, but fmaller; longef and founder , fo'rittimeS a little turning vp the. 
 brims or edges of the leaues againe 3 and are of a yellowilh Aiming greene colour ora 
 ' - ' the 
 
4 
 
 The (garden of f leaf ant blowers. 
 
 the infide, fometimes fpotted with red fpots almoft through the whole infideof the 
 flower, vnto the very edge, which abideth of a pale yellow colour , and fometimes 
 there arc very few fpots to be feene , and thofe from the middle onely on the inilde 
 (for on the outfide there neuer appeareth any fpots at all in this kinde) and fometimes 
 with no (hew of fpots at all, fometimes alfo of a more pale greene , and fometime of a 
 more yellow colour : the outfide of the flowers doe likewife vary, for in fome the out- 
 fide or the leaues are of a darke fullen yellow, &c. elfe more pale yellow, and in other 
 ofa darke purplifii yellow colour, which in fome is fo deepe, and fo much , that it ra- 
 ther feemeth blacke then purple or yellow, and this efpecially about thebottomeof 
 the flower, next vnto the ftalke, but the edges are (fill of ayellowilh greene : the head 
 of feede, and the feede likewife is like vnto the former, but bigger in all refpedls. 
 
 ti . Friti/Uria Hifptnict vmkelUfera. The Spanifh blacke Fritillaria, 
 
 This Fritillaria is no doubt of kindred to the laft recited, it is fo like , but greater in 
 all parts thereof, as if growing in a more fruitfull foile, it were the ftronger and luftier 
 to beare inore ftorc of flowers : the flowers grow foure or fiue from the head together, 
 hanging downe round about the ftalke, like vnto a Crowne Imperiali, and are ofa 
 yellowilh greene colour on the infide, fpotted with a few red fpots, the outfide being 
 blackilh as the former. 
 
 where it groweth plentifully about Orleaoce ; the other forts grow in di- 
 uers other Countries, as fome in Portugall,Spainc, Italy, &c. as their names 
 doe import j and as in time they haue been obferued by thofe that were cu- 
 rious fearckerS Of thefe rarities, haue been fent to vs . 
 
 The early kindes doe flower in the beginning of Aprillor thereabouts, 
 according to the mildcnefle or fharpeneffe of the precedent Winter. The 
 other doe flower after the firft are part, foramoneths fpacc oneafrerano- 
 ther, and the great yellow is very late, not flowring vntill about the middle 
 orcndofMay. 
 
 This hath receiued diuers names : fome calling it Flu MclutgrUis , the 
 Ginny Hen Flower,of the variety ofthe colours in the flower,agreeing with 
 the feathers of that Bird. Some call it Ntrcijftu Cupiremus ^ efthenameof 
 the firft inuentor or finder thereof, called Noel Caperon, anApothccary 
 dwelling la Orleaucc, at the time he firft found ir, and was (hortly afterthe 
 findingthereoftakenawayintheMaflacrein France. It is now generally 
 called FritilUrid,oithe word FritiOsu, which diuers doe take for the ChtfTe$ 
 borde ortable whereon they play,whereunto,by reafon of tlie refemblance 
 ofthe great fquarcs or fpo ts foiike it, they did prefently referre ir. It is 
 called by Lobel Lilienurcifltu purpurem vtriegttm, dr teJfuUtM, making it a 
 kinde of Tulipa ; but as I faid in the beginniug of the Chapter, it doth moft 
 necrely refcmbleafmall pendulous Lilly, and might therefore rightly hold 
 the name of Lilium -variegetur» , otinEnglifh, the checkerd Lilly. Butbe- 
 caufe the errour which firft referred it to a Daffodill, is growne ftrong by 
 cuftome of continuance, Ileauetoeuery onetheirowne will, tocallitin, 
 Englifl) eyther Fritillaria, as it is called of moft, or the checkerd Daffodill, 
 or the Ginnie Hen flower, or, as I doe, the checkerd Lilly. I (hall not neede 
 in this place further to cxplaine the fcuerall names of eucry of them,hauing 
 giuen you them in their titles. 
 
 The Placei 
 
 Thefirft of thefe plants was firft brought to our knowledge from France, 
 
 The Time. 
 
 The Names. 
 
T he (j arden ofpleafant h lowers, 
 
 4-5 
 
 TheVertues. 
 
 Ihauenotfound or heard by any others of any property peculiar in this 
 plant, to be applied either inwardly or outwardly for any difeafe : the 
 chiefe or onely vfe thereof is, to be an ornament for the Gardens of the cu- 
 rious louers of thefe delights, and to be worneof them abroad, which for 
 the gallant beauty of many of them, deferueth their courteous entertain- 
 ment, among many other the like pleafures. 
 
 Chap. VIII. 
 
 Tulip 4. TheTurkesCap. 
 
 N Ext vnto the Lillies, and before the Narciffi or Daffodils, the difeourfe of Tu- 
 lipas deferueth his place, for that it partaketh of both their natures ; agreeing 
 with the Lillies in leaues, flowers, andfeede, and fomewhat with the Daffo- 
 dils in rootes. There are not onely diuers kindes of Tulipas , but fundry diuerfities of 
 colours in them,found out in thefe later dayes by many the fearchersof natures va- 
 rieties, which haue not formerly been obferued : our age being more delighted in the 
 fearch, curiofity,and rarities of thefe pleafant delights, then any age I thtnke before. 
 Butindeede, this flower, aboue many other, deferueth his true commendations and 
 acceptance with all louers of thefe beauties, both for the ftately afpedf, and for the ad- 
 mirable varietie of colours , that daily doe arife in them , farre beyond all other 
 plants that grow, in fo much, that I doubt, although I (hall in this Chapter fet downe 
 the varieties of a great many, I fliall leaue more vnfpoken of, then I fhall deferibe • for 
 I may well fay, there is in this one plant no end of diuerfity to be expeded, euery yeare 
 yeelding a mixture and variety that hath not before been obferued, and all this arifing 
 fromthefowingofthefeede. The chiefe diuifion of Tulipas, is into two forts : Pro- 
 tects, early flowring T ulipas, and Serui»*, late flowring T ulipas. For that fort which 
 is called Mcdi* or Vubi* , that is , which flower in the middle time betweene them 
 both, and may be thought to be a kinde or fort by it felfe, aswell asany of the other 
 two : yet becaufe they doe neerer participate with the S creti a* then with th ePrtcocet, 
 not onely in the colour of the leafe,' being of the fame greenneffe with the Scroti»*, 
 andmoft vfuallyalfo, for that it beareth his ftalke and flower, high and large like as 
 the Serotine doe ; but cfpccially , for thatthe feede of a Media Tulipa did neuer bring 
 forth a Pr*cox flower (although I know Clufius, an induftrious, learned , and painfull 
 fearcher and publiflier of thefe rarities , faith otherwife)fo farre as euer I could, by 
 mine owne care or knowledge, in fowing their feede apart , or the aflurance of any o- 
 thers, the louers and fowersof Tulipa feede, obferue, learne, or know : and becaufe 
 alfo that the feede.of the Scroti m bringeth forth Modi** , and the feede of Mtiitu Scro- 
 ti»*, they may well bee comprehended vnder the generali title of Scroti»*: But be- 
 caufe they hauegenerally receiuedthenameof Mcdi*, or middle flowring Tulipas, 
 to diftinguifh betweene them, and thofe that vfually doe flower after them ; I am con- 
 tent to fet them downe, and fpeake of them feuerally, as of three forts’ Vnto the 
 placeandranke likcwife of the Pr*c tees, or early flowring Tulipas, there are fome other 
 feuerall kinds of Tulipas to be added, which are notably differing, not onely from the 
 former Frtcox Tulip*. but euery one of them, one from another , in fome fpeciall note 
 or other: as the Tulip * Bolonienfis flore rubro, the red Bolonia Tulipa. Tulip * Tolonicnfu 
 flore luteo, the yellow Bolonia Tulipa. Tulip* Perflet, the Perfian Tulipa. Tulip* Cre- 
 tica, the. Candie Tulipa, and others : all which fliall beedeferibed and entreated of, e- 
 uery one apart by it felfe, in the end oftherankeof thePrtcoces, becaufe all of them 
 flower much about their time. To begin then with the Prtcox , or early flowring Tu- 
 lipas, and after them with the Medias and Scrotincs } l fhall for the better method, diuide 
 their flowers into foure primary or principali colours, that is to fiy, White, Purple, 
 Red, and Y elfo w, and vnder euery one of thefe colours , fet downe the feuerall varie- 
 ties 
 
4 -6 
 
 The (jar den of pleafant h lowers. 
 
 tics ot mixtures we haue leene and oblerued in them, that fo they may be both thclx*. 
 ter defcribed by me, ;nd the better conceiucd by others, and cuery one placed in their 
 proper ranke. Yet I (hall in this, as I intend to doe in diners other plants that are va- 
 riable, giue but one deicription in generali of the plant, and then ict downe the vari- 
 etie ot lorine or colour afterwards briefly by themfelues. 
 
 Tulip i prtcox. Theearly flowring Tulipa. 
 
 The early Tulipa (andfoall other Tulipas) fpringcth out of the ground with his 
 leaues folded one- within another, the firft or loweft leafe rifcth vp firft , fharpepoin- 
 ,ted, and folded round together, yntil! it be an inch O' twoabouethe ground, which 
 then openeth it felfe,fhewing another leafefoldedalfo in the bofome or belly of the 
 firft, which in time like wife opening it felfc, iheweth forth a third, and fometimes a 
 fourth and a fifth : the lower leaues are larger then the vpper, and arefaire thicke 
 broad, long,and hollow likea gutter, and fometimes crumpled on the edges, which 
 will hold water thatfalleth thereon a long lime, ot a pale orwhitiih greene colour 
 (and the Med'u and Stmt tux more greene) coucrcd ouerasit were with a mealiifcfle or 
 hoarinelfe, wit h an eye or (hew el redndTc towards the bortome of the leaues, and the 
 edges in this kinde being more notable white, which are two principali notes to know 
 a Pixcox Tulip x from a Media or Serttina .'the ftalke with the flower rifeth vp in the 
 middle, as it were through thefe leaues, which in time ftand One aboue another com- 
 pafling it at certaine vncqtiall diftances,anu is often oblerued to bend it felfecrooked- 
 ly downe tothe ground, as if it would thruft his head thereinto , but turningvphis 
 head(which willbetheflower)againe,afterwards ftandeth vpright, fometimes but 
 three or foure fingers orinches high, but more often halfc a foote,and a foot high,but 
 the Mediat, and Serotinas much higher, carrying (for the moft part) but one flower on 
 the toppe thereof, like vnto a Lilly for the forme, confiding of fixe leaues, greene at 
 the firft, andafterwardschangingintodiuersand fundry feuerall colours and varie- 
 ties, the bottomes likewife of t he leaues of thefe fometimes, but moft efpecially of the 
 Medix, being as variable as the flower, wh ch are in fomeyellow, orgreen, or blacke 
 in others white, blew, purple, ortawniejand fometimes one colour circling another: 
 fome ofthem haue little or no Cent at all, and fome hauea better then others. After it 
 hath been blowne open three or foure dayes or more, it will in the heate of theSunne 
 fprend it (elfe open, and lay it felfealmoft flat tothe ftalke : in the middle of the flower 
 ftandeth a greene long head (which will be the feed veflfell) compaifed about with fixe 
 chines, which doe much vary, in being fometimes of one , and fometimes of another 
 colour, tipt with pendents diuerfly varied likewife: the head in the middle ofthe 
 flower groweth after the flower is fallen, to be long, round, and edged, as it were 
 three fquare , the edges meeting at the toppe, where it is fmalleft, and makingasit 
 > were a crowne (which is not fecn in the head of any Lilly)and when itis ripe, diuideth 
 
 it (life on the infidcintofl"^ i owes, of nat, tninne, brownifn , griftly feede,very like 
 vnto the fe?de or the Lillies, bur brighter, ftiffcr,and more tranfparent : theroote be- 
 ^ ing well growneisround, and fomewhat great, fmall and pointed at the toppe, and 
 broader, yet roundifhat thebotcome, with a certaine eminence or feate on the one 
 fide, as theroote of the Colchicum hath; but not fo long, or great, it hath alfoan 
 hollownelleontheoncfidc(ifit haue borne a flower) where the ftalke grew, (for al- 
 though in the time ofthe firft fpringing vp, vntillit fhew the buddc for flower, the 
 ftalke with the leaues thereon rife.vpoutof rhe middle of the rootejyet when the 
 ftalke is rifen vp,and (lievveth rhe budde for flower, itcommcth to one fide, making 
 an imprelfion therein) couered oner with a brownifh thin coate or skm, like an Onion, 
 hauing a little woollinefle at the bortome ; but white within, and firme, yetcompofed 
 ofmany coatcs, one folding within another, as rhe roote of the Daffodils be, of a rea- 
 fonablegoodtafte, neyther very fweete , nor yet vnpleafant. This deferiprion may 
 well ferue for the other Tulipas, being Mediae or Serotina ^concerning their fpringin^ 
 and bearing, which haue not any other great variety therein worth the note, which is 
 not expreffed hcre ; the cliiefe difference refting in rbevariety of the coloufs of the 
 flower, and their feuerall mixtures and markes,as 1 (aid before : fauing oncly, that the 
 flowers of fotae aregreat and large, and of others (mallei, ay J the leaues of lomc long 
 
 and 
 
<T he (far dm of plea f ant Flowers. 
 
 1 Tulrpaprxoixaliaftucrislira^c.vtimctUris. The early white or red Tulipa, &c. being cf onecolour, 
 
 3 Tulipa pres ax purpura wit tilth. The early purple Tulipa with white edg's, or the Prince, j Tulip» 
 prdctx variegat». The early ftripc Tulipa. 4 Tulip* rwx rubra nu luttit. The early redTulipavrith 
 yellow edges, or the Duke, 
 
4 8 
 
 ‘ The Cfarden of pie a f ant blowers. 
 
 and pointed, and of others broad and r.;und, or bluntly pointed , as fhall bee (hewed 
 in the end of the Chapter : I (lull therefore oncly expreffe the colours , withthe 
 mixture or compofure of them, and giue you withall the names of forne of them, (for 
 itislmpoffiblclthinketoany man, to giue fcuerall names to all varieties) as they aic 
 called by thofe that chiefly delight in them with vs. 
 
 Tulips pracox Albs. 
 
 Thccarly Whitc'TuIipa. 
 
 r Niue a tot a interdum purpureis flaminibus, 
 vel fait em luteis , funao puro haud lu- 
 teo. 
 
 i *Alba ftue niuea fundo luteo. 
 
 3 \^dlbida. 
 
 4 Atba.veniscaruleisin dorfo. 
 
 y Albs purpureis oru. c Hartim flores vel 
 
 6 Albs earn eis oris. JionHantes , vel 
 
 7 Albs f anguineis oris, fdifpergentes. 
 
 8 Alb s oris magnis c irneis , (/ venis intro re- 
 fpicientibsu. 
 
 j Albs extra . carnei vero coloris intus , oras 
 habens carneas fit /iratiores. 
 
 10 '-Albida , oris rubris , vel oris purpu- 
 reis. 
 
 1 1 Albida purpunfcentibm maculis extra , in - 
 tus : vero carnei viuacifsimi. 
 
 II Alba, purpureis maculis afperfa extra, in- 
 tus vero albapurpurantibsss oris. 
 
 13 Dux Alba, i. e. coccineis & albis vari- 
 ata jhmmis ,d medio ad oras inter cur flan- 
 tibus. 
 
 14 Princejfa, i. e. argentei t olor is maculis pur- 
 purafeentibus. 
 
 I j Regina pulcherrima, albis & /anguineis 
 afperfa radi/s cr punctis. 
 
 Tttlipu pracox purpureas 
 
 1 The flower whereof is cither pure fnow 
 white, with purple fometimeSjOr at lead 
 with yellow chiucs , without any yel- 
 low bottome. 
 
 2 Or pure white with ayellow bottome. 
 
 3 Or milk white that is not fo pure white, 
 
 4 White with blew veines on cheoutfide. 
 
 5 White with purpleedges. cSomcotrtcic*. 
 
 <5 White with blufh edges. Co " fl3n, > 
 
 7 White with rededges. tamgoi running. 
 
 S White with great blufh edges, and feme 
 
 drakes running from theedge inward. 
 
 p White without, and fomewhat blufh 
 within, with edges of a deeper blufh. 
 
 1 o Whirifh.or pale white with red or pur- 
 ple edges. 
 
 H Whirifh without , with fome purplifh 
 veins Sc fpots,& of a liuely blufh within. 
 
 12 White without, fpotted withfmall pur- 
 ple fpots, and white within with purple 
 edges. 
 
 13 A white Duke, that is, parted with 
 white &crimfon flantes, from the mid- 
 dle of each leafe to the edge. 
 
 J 4 ThePrincefle, that is, a ftluer colour 
 fpotted with fine deepe blufh fpots. 
 
 i 5 The Queen, that is, a fine white fpijink- 
 Ied with bloud red fpots, and greater 
 drakes. 
 
 Tbfe early purple T ulipa. 
 
 1 Purpurea fatura rubefeens, vel vioUcea, 
 
 2 Purpurea pallida, Columbina dibit. 
 
 3 Perfles coloris faturi. 
 
 4 Per pci coloris pallidi or is. 
 j Paonia floris coloris. 
 
 6 Rofea. 
 
 7 C herns flua peramans. 
 
 8 Cher me flua parum friata'. , 
 
 I A deep feddifh purple, or more violet. 
 i A pale purple, called a Douc celour. 
 
 3 A deep Peach colour. 
 
 4 A paler Peach colour. 
 
 j A Peony flower colour. 
 
 6 ARofecolour. 
 
 7 A Crimfon very bright. 
 
 8 A Crimfon dript with a little white. 
 
 $ P r incept , 
 
The (jarden of pie. if ant Flowers. 
 
 49 
 
 9 Pr weeps, i.e. purpurea fatur at tor v: l dilu- 
 tior, oris albis magnis vel parttis, fundo lu- 
 teo, vel albo orbe , que multum variatur , 
 fr colore , &• oris , ita vt purpurea ele- 
 gans oris magnis albi,, did a est. Princeps 
 excellens, fr 
 
 10 Princeps Columbina , purpurea diluti- 
 or. 
 
 1 1 Purpurea Chermcfma, rubicundioris colo- 
 ris , albidis vel albis oris. 
 
 1 3 Purpurea , vel obfolcta albidis oris Prin- 
 ceps Brandon. 
 
 I 3 Purpurea diluta , oris dilutioris purpurei 
 coloris. 
 
 14 Purpurea in exterioribus, carnei vero ad 
 medium intus, oris albis, fundo luteo. 
 
 15 Purpurea albo plumata extra , oris albis, 
 purpurafeens int ut, fundo luteo , vel orbe^j 
 albo. 
 
 16 Alia, minus elegans plumati, minoribuj. % 
 Oris albidis. 
 
 rj 
 
 r ;wc.v.:wv:c ;; . yogs-.;;'; A 1 
 
 , . v ,7: : /\ * i 
 
 Tulip a prstcox rubra. 
 
 . . .. 
 
 1 Rubra vulgaris fundo luteo , fr eliquando 
 nigro. 
 
 3 Rubra fatura Oris luteis paruit , dida 
 Roar. 
 
 3 ‘ 'Baro,i.e.rdbra magis intenfa , iris luteis 
 paruis. 
 
 4 Dux maior fr minor, i. e. rubra tiiagis aut 
 minus elegans fatura , oris luteis maximis, 
 vel minoribus, fr fundo luteo magno. Alia 
 aiijs ejl magis amoena , in aiijs etiam fundo 
 nigro vel obfeuro viridi. 
 
 5 Duc iff a , i. e. Duci fimilis , at plue lutei 
 quam rubri, oris magnis luteis, fr rubore 
 magis aut minus intus in gyrum alio, fundo 
 item luteo magno. 
 
 6 Testamentum Brandon, i. e. rubra fangui- 
 ttea fatura, aut minus rubra, oris pallidis, 
 magnis vel paruis : alia aiijs magis aut mi- 
 mis elegans diuerftmcdo. 
 
 9 A Prince or Bracklar,that is,adeepeor 
 pale purple, with white edges, greater 
 orfmaller, and a yellow bottome, or 
 circled wit h white, which varieth much, 
 both iuthe purple & edges, fo that a lairc 
 deep purple, with great white edges, is 
 called. The beft or chiefe Prince, and 
 
 10 A paler purple with white edges,called 
 a Doue coloured Prince. 
 
 1 1 A Crimfon Prince or Bracklar. 
 
 12 A Brancion Prince, or purple Brandon. 
 
 13 A purple with more pale purple edges). 
 
 14 Purple without, and blufli halfe way 
 with in, with white edges, and a yellow 
 bottome. 
 
 15 Purple feathered with white on the 
 our fide , with white edges , and pale 
 purple within, the ground being a little 
 yellow, or circled with white. 
 
 1 6 Another very neere vnto it , but not fo 
 fairely feathered, being more obfeure, 
 and the edges not fo great or whitifb. 
 
 The early red Tulipa. i . 
 
 1 An ordinary red,wirh ayellow,& fome- 
 times a blacke bottome. 
 
 2 A deep red, with' a fmalledgeof yellow, 
 called a Roane. 
 
 3 A Baron, that is, a faircred withafmall 
 yellow edge. e • w ■ •/■.. , v . 
 
 4 A Duke, a greater and a lefler, that is, a 
 more or lefs faire deep red, with greater 
 or leffer yellow edges, and a grear yel- 
 low bottome. Some of this fort are 
 much more or leffe faire then others, 
 fome alfo haue a blacke or darke greene 
 bottome. 
 
 5 A Dutchefle,thatis like vnto the Duke, 
 but more yellow then red, with greater 
 yellow edges, and the red moreorlcflTe 
 circling the middle of the flower on the 
 infide, with a large yellow bottome. 
 
 6 ATcftament Brancion, or a Brancion 
 E Duke, 
 
50 
 
 C I he (jar den of f leaf ant Flowers. 
 
 7 Flambans , ex rubore & flauedine radiatu, 
 vel flnata fundo luteo. 
 
 8 Mali Aurantij eoioris , ex rubore, dr fiaue- 
 dine integre, non feparat immixta, oris 
 luteis par uis, vel abfrf oris. 
 
 p Mint], fine Cinabaris coloris , i.e. ex pur- 
 purea, rubedine, dr flauedine radiat a, vn- 
 guibsss luteis, dr aliquando oris. 
 
 10 Rex Tulip arum, i. e. ex [anguineo®' aureo 
 radiat im mixta, a flammea diner fa , fundo 
 luteo, or be rubro. 
 
 1 1 Tunica Morionis , i.e. ex rubore dr aureo 
 feparatim diuifa. 
 
 Duke, that is,a faire deepe red, or lefle 
 red , with a pale yellow or butter co- 
 loured edge, fome larger others final- 
 ler.-and foinemore pleafing then others, 
 in a very variable manner. 
 
 7 A Flambant , differing from the Dut- 
 chefTc; for this hath no fuch great yel- 
 low edge, but (freaks ofyellow through 
 the leafe vnto the very edge. 
 
 8 AnOrcngecolour,thatis,a reddifh yel- 
 lower a red and yellow equally mixed, 
 with fmall yellow edges , and fome- 
 times without. 
 
 p A Vermillion, that is, a purplifh red, 
 dreamed with yellow, the bottome 
 yellow, and fometimes the edges. 
 
 xoThe Kings flower, that is,acrimfonor 
 bloudred, dreamed vrith a gold yel- 
 low, differing from the Flambant, the 
 bottome yellow, circled with red. 
 
 1 1 A Fooles coate , parted with red and 
 yellow guardes. 
 
 Tulipa pracox lutea , 
 
 I Lutea flueflana. 
 z Pallida lutea fine flraminea. 
 
 3 Aurea, oris rubicundis. 
 
 4 Straminea, oris rubris. 
 
 5 Aurea, rubore perfufa extra. 
 
 6 Aurea, vel magis pallida, rubore in gjrum 
 
 alia fimillima Duciffa , nifi minus rube- 
 dinis habet. 
 
 7 Aurea, extremitatibus rubris , dici patejl, 
 Morionis Pilasse pracox. 
 
 The early yellow T ulipa. 
 
 1 A faire gold yellow without mixture. 
 
 2 A drawe colour. 
 
 3 A faire yellow with reddifh edges. 
 
 4 A drawe colour, with red edges. 
 
 5 A faire yellow, reddifh on the out fide 
 onely. 
 
 6 A gold or paler yellow , circled on the 
 
 infide a little with red, very like the 
 Dutcheffc, but that it hath leffc red 
 therein. 
 
 7 A gold yellow with red toppes,and may- 
 be called, The early Fooles Cap. 
 
 Tulipa 
 
 
The Qarden of pleafant Flowers, 
 
 5i 
 
 >• 
 
 Tulip* decaff*. ThcTulipa ofCafla. 
 
 There is another fort or kinde of early Tulipa, differing from the former, whofe 
 pale greeneleaues being as broad and large as they, and fometimes crumpled or Wa- 
 ited at the edges, in foine hauethe edges onely of the faid leaues for a good breadth, of 
 a whitifh or whitifh yellow colour , and in others, the leaues are lifted or parted with 
 whitifh yellow and greene : the ftalke rifeth not vp fo high as the former, and beareth 
 a flower at the toppe like vnto the former, in fome of a reddilh yellow colour , with a 
 ruffet coloured ground or bottome,and in others, of other feuerall colours ; the feede 
 and roote is fo like vnto others of this kinde, that they cannot be diftinguifhed. 
 
 There is (as I doe heare) of this kinde , both Precedes, and Serot in* , early flowring, 
 and late flowring , whereof although wee haue not fo exaeft knowledge, as of the reft, 
 yet I thought good to fpeake fo much , as I cou Id hitherto vnderftand of them , and 
 giue others leaue (if I doe not) hereafter to amplifie ir. 
 
 Tulip * Bolonienfis, fine 'Bombycine flere rubrt mtjer . 
 
 T he greater red Bolonia T ulipa. 
 
 Therearelikewifeothcrkindesofearly Tulipastobee fpokenof, and firft of the 
 red Bolonia Tulipa ; the roote whereof is plainly difcerned,to be differing from all o- 
 thers .* for that it is longer, and not hauing fo plaine an eminence at the bottomc there- 
 of, as the former and later Tulipas, but more efpecially becaufe the toppe is plenti- 
 fully ftored with a yellowifh filke-like woollineffe: the outfide likewife or skinne is of 
 a brighter or paler red, not fo eafie to be pilled away, and runneth vnder ground both 
 downeright and (idewife (efpecially in the Countrey ground and ayre, where it will 
 encreafeaboundantly,but not either in our London ayre, or forc’t grounds) fomewhat 
 likevnto theyellow Bolonia Tulipa next following. Itfhooteth out of the ground 
 with broad and long leaues , like the former ; but neither fo broad, nor of fo white or 
 mealy agreenecolourasthe former, butmore darkethenthc late flowring Tulipa, 
 fothatthis may bee eafily difeerned by his leafefrom any other Tulipa aboue the 
 ground, by one that is skilfull. It beareth likewife three or foure leaues vponthe 
 ftalke, like the former, and a flower alfo at the toppe of the fame fafhion , but that the 
 leaues hereofarealwayes long, and fomewhat narrow, hauingalarge blacke bot- 
 tome, made like vnto a cheuerne, the point whereof rifeth vp vnto the middle of the 
 leafe, higher then any other Tulipa j the flower is of a pale red colour, nothing fo 
 liuelyas in the early or late red Tulipas, yet fweeter for the trioft part then any of 
 them, and neereft vnto the yellow Bolonia Tulipa, whichis much about the fame 
 fent. 
 
 Tulip* pumilio rubr*,fiue Bergomenfls rubr* media ir miner. 
 
 The dwarfe red Bergomo Tulipa, a bigger and a leffer. 
 
 There arc two other forts hereof, and becaufc they were found about Bcrgoino,dp 
 carry that name, the one bigger or lefler then another , yet neither fo great as the for- 
 mer, hauingvery little other difference to bee obferued in them, then chat they arc 
 fmaller in all parrs of them. 
 
 Tulip* Bolenienfis flere lutee. Theyellow Bolonia Tulipa. 
 
 The roote ofthis Tulipa may likewife bee knowne from the formerred (or any o- 
 ther Tulipa) in that it feldome commeth to bee fobigge, andis notfo woolly atthc 
 toppe, and the skinne or outfide is fomewhat paler, harder , and (harper pointed : bus 
 thebottome is like the formerred, and not fo eminent as the early or late Tulipas. 
 This beareth much longer and narrower leaues then any (except the Perfian & dwarfe 
 yellow Tulipas) and of a whitifh greene colour : it beareth fometimes but one flower 
 on a ftalke, and fometimes two orthree wholly yellow, but fmaller, & more open then, 
 theother kinds, and (as I faid) fmellethfweete, the head for feede is fmaller then in o- 
 thers,and hath not that crowne at tj)c head thereof, yet the feed is like,but fmaller. 
 
 E * Tulip* 
 
7 be (jar den of f leaf ant Flowers. 
 
 51 
 
 Tulip* N*rhmcttfis,(iue Monfpclienfirvel pumilio. 
 
 The French or dwarfe yellow Tulipa. 
 
 ThisTulipais very lilcevnto the yellow BoloniaTulipa, both in roote, leafe, and 
 flower, as alfo in the colour thereof, being yellow: the onely difference is, that it is 
 in all things letter and lower, and is not fo apt to beare, nor fo plentifull to encreafe by 
 the roote. 
 
 Tulip* Italic t maior dr minar. The Italian Tulipa the greater and the Idler. 
 
 BoththcfckindesofTulipasdoefoneere refemble the laft kinde , thatlmight al- 
 moft fay they were the fame, but that fome difference which Ifawinthem, maketh 
 mee fetthem apart ; and confifteth in thefe things, the dalkes of neither of both thefe 
 rifefohigh,asofthefirft yellow BoloniaTulipa: the leaues of both forts are writhed 
 in and out at the edges , or made like a waue of the fea, lying neerer the ground, and 
 the flower being yellow within, is brownifh or reddifli on the backe, in the middle of 
 the three outer leaues the edges appearing yellow. Both thefe kindes doe differ one 
 from the other in nothing, bur in that one is bigger, and theother fmallerthentheo- 
 thcr which I faw with Iohn T radefcante, my very good friend often remembred. 
 
 Tulip* Lujit*mc*,fiae pumili» vtrficolor. Thedwarfeftript Tulipa. 
 
 This dwarfe Tulipa is alfo of the fame kindred with the three laft deferibed ; for 
 there is no other difference in this from them, then that the flower hath fome red veins 
 running in the leaues thereof. 
 
 There are two other forts of dwarfe Tulipas with white flowers, whereof Lobel 
 hath made mention in the Appendix to his Aiuerfaria the one whereof is the fame 
 that Cluflus fetteth forth, vnder the title of Pumilio altera ; but becaufe I haue notfeen 
 either ofthem both, I fpeake no further of them. 
 
 Tulipa pumilio alia. The white dwarfeTulipa. 
 
 But that white flower that Iohn Tradefcante fhewed me, and as hce faith, was deli- 
 uered him for a white Pumilio, had a flalke longer then they fet out theirs ro haue, 
 and the flower alfo larger, but yet had narrower leaues then ocher forts of white Tu- 
 lipas haue. 
 
 Tulipa Bicolor. The fmall party coloured Tulipa. 
 
 Vnto thefe kindes, I may well adde this kinde of Tulipa alfo, which was fent out of 
 Italy, whofc leaues are fmall, long, and narrow,andof adarkegreenecolour, fome- 
 what like vnto the leaues of an Hyacinth: the flower is fmall alfo, confiding of fixe 
 leaues, as all other Tulipas doe, threewhereofarewholly ofared colour, and the o- 
 ther three wholly of a yellow. 
 
 t wrafjJU! i. n uot 1 v=. . , ' . i' .rmi 
 
 Tulipa Perfica. The Pcrfian Tulipa. ... f) 
 
 This rare Tulipa, wherewith we haue beene but lately acquainted, doth mod fitly 
 deferue to be deferibed in this place, becaufeit dothfo neerely participate with the 
 Bolonia and Italian T ulipas,in roote,leafe, and flower : the roote hereof is fmall , co- 
 uered with a thicke hard blackifli (hell or skinne, with a yello wilh woollineffe both at 
 thetoppe,andvnderthe(hell. Itrifethoutof the ground atthe fird, with one very 
 long and fmall round leafe, which when it is three or foure inches high , doth open it 
 fclfe, and ihew forth another fmall leafe (aslongalmoflasthe former) breaking out 
 of the one fide thereat, and after it a third, and fometitnes a fourth, and a fift j but each 
 fhorter then other, which afterwards be of the breadth of the dwarfe yellow Tulipa, 
 or fomewhat broader, but much longer then any other, and abiding more hollow, and 
 of the colour of tjfje early T ulipas on the infide s the flalke rifeth vp a foot and a halfc 
 
 high 
 
The Cjarden of pie a fan t Flowers. 
 
 1 Trl,f.1mP}maft,„rbir. The red Bolonu Tulipa. I Tulip. Worn*/!, fir, far,,. The yellow Boloull Tulipa. ; Tul,r.pmlh.ni,» 
 fivlutt* Toe redorycllewdwarle Tulipa. 4 FeWIi/ipe Jrf.J.pr tone, JhiMum. The le.fr of the Tulipaof Caffaflrlped tbrouehom 
 cne whole Icafc. J Feluo» Talien * C.tf.pr rraifhirum. Theleafeof the Tulip» of Cafla fleipad at the edma oatlv. 6 Tfhr.Prft.Ti» 
 
 fciltta Tulipa. 7 Tnlif. Cut ICH. The TalipasfCaoiic, I The TuSipaof Awn??- V '■ 
 
 : j b 3 
 
54 The (jar den of pie a f ant t lowers. 
 
 ' highfometimes, bearing one flower thereon , compofed of fixe longand pointed 
 leaues ofthe forme of other fmall Tulipas, and not flicwing much bigg r then the yel- 
 low Italian T ulipa, and is wholly white, both infide and otitfide of al I the leaues , ex- 
 cept the three outtermoft, which haue on the backe of them, from the middle toward 
 the edges, a (lie w ofabrownifli blufli, or pale red colour, yet deeper ir themidft , and 
 the edges remaining wholly white : the bottomcs of all thefe leaues arc bfa dark e or 
 dun tawnie colour, and the chiues and tippes ofadarkilh purple ortawnie alfo. ‘I his 
 doth bearc feed but feldome in our Country, that euer I could vnderftand,but when it 
 doth, it is fmall like vnto the Bolonia or dwarfeyellow Tulipas.being not fo plenrifull 
 alfo in parting, or fettingof by the rooteas they, and neucr groweth nor abideth fo 
 great as it is brought vnto vs, and feldome likcwife flovvreth after the firft yeare : for 
 the rootes for the mod part with euery one grow Idle and lefle, decaying euery yeare, 
 and fo perifli for the mod part by reafon ofthe frofts and cold, and yet they haue been 
 let deepe to defend them, although of their owne nature they will runne downe deep 
 into the ground. r 
 
 Tulip* Byzantina duebm floribus Cluflj. The fmall T ulipa of Conftantinople. 
 
 The fmall Tulipa of Conftantinople, bearethfor the moftpart but two leaues on 
 the ftalke, which arc faireand broad , almoft like vnto the Candy Tulipa , next here- 
 unto to be dercribed : the ftalke it felfe rifeth not aboue a foote high , bearing fome- 
 times but one flower, but mod commonly two thereon , one below another , and are 
 no bigger then the flowers ofthe yellow Bolonia Tulipa, but differing in colour ; for 
 this isontheoutfideofa purplilh colour, mixed with white and greene, and on the 
 infide ofa faire blufli colour, the bottome and chiues being yellow, and the tippes or 
 pendents blackifli : the rootc is very like theyellow Bolonia Tulipa. 
 
 Tulipa Cretica. The T ulipa of Candie. 
 
 This Tulipa is oflater knowledge with vs then thePerfian, but doth more hardly 
 thriue, in regard of our cold climate ; the defcription whereof, for fo much as wee 
 haue knowledge, by the fight ofthe rooteandleafe, and relation from others of the 
 flower, (for I haue not yet heard that it hath very often flowred in our Country) is as 
 followeth. It bearerh faire broad leaues, refembling the leauesof a Lilly ,of a greenifli 
 colour, and not very whitifh : the ftalke beareth thereon one flower, larger andmore 
 open then many other, which is eyther wholly white, or of a deepe red colour, or 
 elfe is variably mixed, white with a fine reddifh purple , the bottomes being yellow, 
 with purplifli chiues tipt with blackifli pendents .-the rooteis fmall, and fomewhat 
 like the dwarfeyellow Tulipa, but fomewhat bigger, 
 
 Tulipa Armeniaca. The Tulipa of Armenia. 
 
 This fmall Tulipa is much differing from all the former (except the fmall or d warfe 
 white Tulipas remembred by Lobel and Clufius, as is before fet downe) in that it 
 beareth three or foure finally long, and fomewhat narrow greene leaues, altogether at 
 one ioynt or place ; the ftalke being not high, and naked or without leaues from them 
 to the toppe, where it beareth one fmall flower like vnto an ordinary red Tulipa, but 
 fomewhat more yellow , tending to an Orenge colour with a blackebotrome: the 
 roote is not much bigger then the ordinary yellow Bolonia Tulipa, before fet downe. 
 
 And thefe are the forts of this firft Clafsu of early Tulipas. 
 
 Tulipa media. The meaner or middle flowring Tulipa. 
 
 For any other, or further defcription of this kinde of Tulipa, it (hall not ncede, ha- 
 uing giuen it fufficiently in the former early Tulipa , the mainc difference confiding 
 firft in the time of flowring, which is about a monech after the early T uli pas, yet fome 
 more fome lefle : for euen in the Pracoces, or early ones, fome flower a little earlier, and 
 later then others, and then in the colours ofthe flowers - } for wee haue obferued many 
 * colours. 
 
55 
 
 The Cjarden of pleafant Flowers. 
 
 Colours, and mixtures, or varieties of colours in the Uedias, which we could neuer fee 
 in the Prxcoces, and fo alfo fomein the Pracoces, which are not in the Medus .-yet there 
 is farre treater varieties of mixture of colours in thefe Medias , then hath been obfer- 
 ued in aTl the Pracoces, (although Clufius faith otherwife)eyther by my felfe,orby any 
 other that I haue conuerfed with about this matter , and all this hath happened by the 
 fowingofthefeede, as I faid before. I will therefore in this place not. trouble you 
 with any further circumftance, then to diftinguifh them,aslhaue done intheformer 
 early Tulipas, into their fourc primary colours, and vnderthem,giueyou their fcuerall 
 
 varieties and names, for fo much as hath come to my knowledge, not doubting, but 
 
 that many that haue trauellcd in the fowing ofthe feed of Tulipas many yeares , may 
 obferuc each ofthem to hauefome variety that others haue not: and therefore I thinke 
 no one man can come to the knowledge of all particular diftinftions. 
 
 Tulipa medi» albs. 
 
 The white meane flowring Tulipa. 
 
 1 Nines, fund Oil bo vei luteo. 
 
 2 Argent e i, quafi albs cineracea fundo lute- 
 feente, purpureis Jiam inibas. 
 
 3 Margaritsna alba,carnco dilutifisima. 
 
 4 4 tba,j 'undo carulcovel nigro. 
 y ^ ilhda . 
 
 6 Alba, oris rubris. 
 
 y Albafurpurets oris. < ff , i etKnt ora , t 
 
 I Alba, oris coccineis. 6 'y difptrguiu. 
 
 g ■_ Albidtprimum , deinde albidior, oris pur- 
 pureis, & venis intro ref icientibus , dicta 
 
 nobis Uackquenay. 
 
 10 Alba, fanguineo colore variat a, fundo vel 
 albifsimo,vdalio. 
 
 I I Alba, radiatim difpofits flammis , & ma- 
 culis coccineis. 
 
 11 Alba, purpurea rubedine plumata , diner- 
 far um fpecierum , qua cum ftperiore , vcl 
 
 albo.vel luteo, vel paruocxruleo confiant 
 fundo, qua con jiant er tenent pun flatos co- 
 lor es, & non dfperguntjed pojl trium aut 
 quatuor dierum fpatium pulchriores appa- 
 
 rent. 
 
 13 Panni argentei coloris, i. e. alba,plumata, 
 punctata, flnata, vel diucrfimode variata, 
 rubedine dilutior e, vel faturatiore purpu- 
 rea , interius vel exterius , vel vlrin%, 
 ditterfarum fpecierum. 
 
 14 Tunica morionis alba varia , i.e. ex albo 
 & purpureo jlriata diucrfimode funde albo 
 
 vel alio. r 
 
 1 5 Holias alba vel albida , abfq t fundo , vel 
 fi undo purpureocaruleo,vel caruleo albo cir- 
 cimdato.diuerse fignata, vel variata intus 
 ad medietatem foliorum , furfur» in orbem 
 vt plurimum , vel ad oras pertingens am- 
 plas & albas. Ha fpecics tantopere multi- 
 plicantur, vt vix fint explicabiles. 
 
 x A fnow white , with a white or yellow 
 bottome. 
 
 2 A filuer colour , that is , a very pale or 
 
 whitifliafhe colour, with a yellowifh 
 bottome and purple chiues. 
 
 3 A Pearle colour, that is, white, with a 
 wafh or (hew of blufh. 
 
 4 A white, with a blew or black bottome. 
 
 5 A Creame colour. 
 
 6 A white, with red edges. 
 
 7 A white, with purple edges. 
 
 8 Awhite,withcrimfonedges. 
 p A pale or whitifh yellow , which after a 
 
 few dayes groweth more white, with 
 purpliih red edges , and fome ftreakes 
 running inward from theedge, which 
 we call an Hackney. 
 
 10 A white mixed with a bloud red very 
 variably, and with a pure white, oro- 
 ther coloured bottome. 
 
 1 1 A white, ftreamed with crimfon flames, 
 and fpots through the whole flower. 
 
 12 A white, fpeckled with a reddifla pur- 
 ple, more or lcfFe, of diuers forts, with 
 white, yellow, or blew bottomes , all 
 which doe hold their markes conflant, 
 and doe not fpread their colours , but 
 fhew fairer after they haue flood blown 
 three or foure dayes. 
 
 1 3 A cloth of filuer of diuers forts, that is, 
 awhitefpotted, ftriped, orotherwife 
 marked with red or purple, in fome pa- 
 ler, in fome deeper, either on the infide, 
 or on the outfide, or on both. 
 
 14 A white Fooles coate of diuers forts, 
 that is, purple or pale crimfon, and 
 white, as it were empaled together, ey- 
 ther with a white ground or other, 
 whereof there is great variety. 
 
 1 j A white Holias, that is, a faire white, or 
 paler white, eyther without a bottome, 
 or with a blewifh purple bottome, or 
 blew and white circling the bottome, 
 
 and 
 
•6 
 
 The Cjarden of pleafant flowers. 
 
 Tint» tfi buisu varietas , kj/ multitudine, 
 'vel fir iarum pautstite dr dtjhndtone, vel 
 fundi» variantibus, vt ad tedium ejjet per- 
 Jtribere. 
 
 and from the middle vpwards.fpeckled 
 and ftraked on the iniide for the moft 
 part, with bloud red or purplif], fp 0 t s 
 and lines vneo the very edges, which 
 abide large and white. Of this kinde 
 there are f ound very great varieties, noc 
 to be expreffed. 
 
 Of this fort there is fo much variety, feme 
 being larger or fairer marked then o- 
 thers, their botromesalfo varying, that 
 it is almoft impofHble totxprefs them. 
 
 Tulip» medi» purpuret, 
 
 1 Purpurea fttura. 
 
 2 Purpurea dilutier , diuerfarum fleeter um, 
 quarum Rofea vna,Carnea fit alter». 
 
 3 Perfici coloris, duarum aut trium fpecterum, 
 
 4 Cbermefina, effeura, tut pad. da, 
 
 5 Stamda, intenfior aut remtfuer. 
 
 6 Xerampelina. 
 
 7 Purpurea , firiata, 
 
 8 Perfici faturi, vel diluti caloris, vniulata, 
 vel radiato. 
 
 9 Columbina, erit dr rsiijs albis. 
 
 I o Purpurea rubra, oris albu,fimilis Pracoci, 
 
 diSla Princeps. 
 
 I I Cbermefina , vel Heluo!» , lineis albis in 
 medio, & ver ftu oras , fundo caeruleo, vel j 
 albo, itemf albo orbe. 
 
 1 1 Purpurea remifsier, aut intenfior, oris al- 
 bis, paruit aut magnis, ut in Pnncipc pra- 
 ted, fundo vd caruleo Orbe albo, vel albo 
 orbe ear uleo amplo. 
 
 13 Holius Heluola, {anguineis guttis intus a 
 medio furfumtn orbem, fundo ear uleo. 
 
 14 Tunica Morionis purpurea rubra fatura 
 albido firiata, quam in alba feturatior, 
 fundo ex caruleo & albo. 
 
 j j Purpurea rubra fatur a vel diluta,»lbo vel 
 albedme, pandata vel firiata dmerfimode. 
 difla CariophyUata. 
 
 The meanc flowring purple Tulipa. 
 
 1 A faire deep purple. 
 
 2 A paler purple, of many forts, whereofa 
 Rofe colour is one, a Blufli another. 
 
 3 A Peach colour oft wo or three forts. 
 
 4 A Crimfon,deepe,or pale. 
 
 5 A Stamell, darke or light. 
 
 6 A Murrey. 
 
 7 A purple, ftript and fpotted. 
 
 8 A Peach colour, higher or paler, waued 
 or ftript. 
 
 9 A Doue colour, edged and ftraked with 
 white. 
 
 10 A faire red purple, with white edges, 
 
 I * J * 1 }*® early Tulipa, called a Prince 
 
 j ii A faire Crimfon , or Claret wineco- 
 
 1 lour, with white lines both in the mid- 
 
 dle, and towards the edges, moft haue a 
 blew bottome, yet fome are white, or 
 circled with white. 
 
 12 Alight or deepe purple, with white 
 edges, greater or fmallcr, like the early 
 Prince , the bottomes ey ther blew cir- 
 cled with white, or white circled with 
 a large blew. 
 
 13 A purple Holias, the colour of a pale 
 Claret wine, marked and fpotted with 
 bloud red fpots, round about the mid- 
 dle of each leafe vpward on theinfidc 
 onely,thebottome being blew. 
 
 14 A Crimfon Fooles Coate, a darke 
 crimfon, and pale white empaled toge- 
 ther, differing from the white Fooles 
 CoatCjthebottome blew and white. 
 
 1 j A deeper or paler reddifh purple, fpot- 
 ted or ftriped with a paler or purer 
 white, of diuers forts, called the Gillo- 
 flower Tulipa. 
 
 Tulipa 
 
he (garden of plea) ant F lower s . 5J ^ 
 
 , Tulip . ,.i„ * key. «„4 The Foote Coate red and yellow. * ™,u H.U., .11» a^jW.-Th. whin Hole., «..loot .bottom.. « Tuf. 
 IFe cloth offilurr, or other (potted Tolipa, 4 wh.teFoolcsCoa.e . 
 
 purpu-'.,*'. A white Hole.. , ft c. wtth a purp’e bottom.. Sc. « Tul.f.rutr.ir /«tea .A .red ana yeF ow (toed Tn- 
 
 Iipj,A*. 7 Tulip a AlbafiriAtA &pwH.iTA. A white ftripc J *nd fpottjwl Tulip*, f T»l'p**lrfr* vartota, &e. $ neither vimbk T Up*. 
 
*8 
 
 'The (jar den of pie a f ant Flowers. 
 
 Tulip* media rubra. 
 
 [iRufo* communis , fundo luteo, vel ni- 
 
 grt. 
 
 2 Mill Aureati/ coleris . 
 
 3 Cinabaris coloris. 
 
 4 Lateriti/ coloris. 
 
 5 Ruhr*, luteo afltcrfa. 
 
 6 Rubra, er is luteis. 
 
 7 Teflameutum Brandea rubre fatura, eris 
 pallidis, diuerfarum fpecierum , rubere va- 
 riantium , (fr orarum amplitudine. 
 
 8 Ciaabaris radiata, magis aut minus fert- 
 tina. 
 
 9 Rubra purpura/iens obfeleta, exteriori- 
 
 bus folijs, perfufa lute o intus . eris pallidis 
 luteis. f 
 
 10 Rubra purpura fcens elegans extra , (fria- 
 tus lutefcens , oris pallidis luteis , funde lu- 
 teo vel viridi. 
 
 1 1 Rubra jlambans coccinea, crebris maculis 
 luteis abftj { fundo. 
 
 12 Flambans elegantier rubra, i.e. radis lu 
 teis inter curf satibus ruberem 
 
 13 Flambans remifsior vtrod. colore. 
 
 14 Panni aurei celeris. 
 
 1 J Tunica Morionis verior, feu Palto duSot. 
 optima, teni/s amplis amesnis (fr crebris, ex 
 rubro (frflauo feparatim diuifts (fr extur- 
 rentibsss,flos conflans. 
 
 16 Tunica Morionis altera, teni/s minoribus 
 & minsss frequentibus , magis aut minus 
 aIu Altis wconjtans , 
 
 17 Tunica Morionis pallida, i. e. tcntjs vel 
 flnj s frequentioribus in vtroi. colore palli- 
 dis, flos eft conflans (fr elegans. 
 
 18 Pileus Morionis, radijs luteis, in medio 
 foliorum latis, per ruborem excurrentibus 
 fundo luteo, apicibus lutei,, & tribus exte’ 
 rsorsbus folijs luteis oris rubris , velabfj. 
 
 The meane flowring red Tulipa. 
 
 A faire redwhichis ordinary,with a yel- 
 low or blackebottome. 
 
 2 A deepe Orengc colour. 
 
 3 A Vermillion. 
 
 4 A pale red, or Brickc colour. 
 
 5 A Gingeline colour. 
 
 6 A red with fmall yellow edges. 
 
 7 j-J e ^ am f nt B f anc ron of diuers forts 
 differing both in the deepneffc of the 
 
 edges arSCnCfIC ° f the P* floured 
 
 8 triier milli0nflamCd ’ ^“gfeKror 
 
 9 Adeadpurplifti red without, and of a 
 Sges w ithin, with pale yellow 
 
 10 A bright Ctimfon red on the out fide 
 more yello wift on the infide, with pale 
 
 greene cdgCSjand a bottome yellow or 
 
 11 A red Flambant, fpotted thickewith 
 yellow fpots without any bottome 
 
 n A mote excellent red Flambant, with 
 flames of yellow running through the 
 
 13 A pale coloured Flambant. 
 
 14 A cloth of gold colour. 
 
 1J A*"* f° 0lcs fr 01te > the beftisafaire 
 red & a faire yellow, parted into guards 
 euery one apart, varied through cuery 
 
 16 Another Fooles Coate, not fo fairely 
 marked, nor fo much, fame of thefe are 
 more or leffe conflant in theirmarks, 3c 
 
 lome more variable then others. 
 
 17 A pale Fooles Coate, that is, with pale 
 red , and pale yellow guardes or ftripes 
 
 very faire and conflant. F 
 
 18 A Fooles Cappe, that is, with lifts or 
 ftripes of yclW running through the 
 
 middleofeueryleafeofthered, broa- 
 der at the bottome then aboue, the bot- 
 tome being yellow, the three outer 
 kaues beingyellow with red edges, or 
 
 1 9 It 
 
7 he Cjarden of pleafant t loners 
 
 *19 
 
 Tulip* JUuadnit*, liu* d. Cbffavuri*. TheTulipa ofC iffa purple, wiih pale whAe Bripes- ; TuIm 
 . . ■ i. . -r- . ... rsrit \4i- xir iltnorc H i II nAnwi*r T'lt I ir>9 . xf TuliV 4 l her Tacnna 
 
 A pure Claret wine colour variable. 4 Tai.fa ^ipijBaiall'.taiji.Mr.WiWriGillofloaTOrTulipa. llali; 
 tfduimisalbu. A Crimfon withwhiw games, « Tulip* Goliuh. A kind ofZwiffercalle J Goliah. 7 Tulip* U ZpriJJi. A Tuhpacallcd 
 8 Tutip**it>* Mmwis ppccintit. Another white Fiambant or FooIcsCmM. 3 Tulip* C i™**™ * 44. /tamer*. The VetoulllOB Baaed, 
 plum*!* tnh<* & lute*. The feathered Twlipa red *ad yellow. . 
 
* 6o 
 
 The (garden of plea [ant blowers. 
 
 iy LeSmjje.tcnsjs mints magois e x rubore 
 & ft Here. 
 
 20 .-Alter a did a Goliab a floris magnitudine 
 teniji radiat a fimillima le Suiffc, ntfi ru- 
 bor & ilbedt fiat elegant tires. 
 
 a I Holias rubra, i.e. f anguinea argenteis ra- 
 dijs, & guttis inorbcmdifpofstts , prafer- 
 tim interius , fundo viridi faturo. 
 
 2 2 Holias cot cinea, rubra coccinea , albi radi- 
 ata in orbem , circa medium foliorum in- 
 terius, fundo albo. 
 
 13 '--ilia huic fimilis , fundi albo efcaru- 
 
 19 A Swifle, paned with a faire red and 
 pale white or ftrawe colour. 
 
 20 A Goliah , fo called of the bignefle of 
 the flower, moft like to the Swiffe in the 
 marks and guardcs, but that the red and 
 white is more liuely. 
 
 2 1 A red Holias. Abloudred ftript with 
 bluer white veines and fpots, with a 
 darke green bottome. 
 
 22 ACrimfon red Holias, that is, afaire 
 purplifh red, fpotted with white circle- 
 wife about the middle of the inner 
 lcaues, and a white bottome. 
 
 23 Another like thereunto, with a blew 
 and white bottome. 
 
 T ulipa media lutea . 
 
 1 Lutes, flue Aurea vulgaris, 
 
 2 Straminea. 
 
 3 Sulphurea, 
 
 4 Mali Aur ant ^pallidi color is. 
 
 5 Lut ea dilut e purpurea ftriata , aurei panni 
 paBidi inflar, 
 
 6 PaBide lutea fufcedine adumbrata. 
 
 7 Flaua, oris rubris magnis, aut paruis. 
 
 8 Straminea oris rubris magnis intenfs , vel 
 paruis remifsis. 
 
 9 Obfcura & fuliginofa lutea, inflar Folt) 
 decidui , sdeotj, Filium mortuum appeBa- 
 tur. 
 
 10 Flaua, rubore perfufa , etiamque fri- 
 ata per totum , dorfo coccineo , oris pal- 
 lidis. 
 
 11 PaBidi lutta , perfufa fr magis aut minus 
 rubore Jlriat a, fundo vel luteo, vel vi 
 ridi. 
 
 12 Te/I amentum Clufsj.i.e. lutea paBida fu- 
 
 ligine ohfufca , exterius <fr interius adoras 
 vfcf piBidas , per totum vero floris medi- 
 am, maculis interius\afperflt inflar om- 
 nium aliarum Holias , dorfo obfcuriore—> 
 fundo viridi. ’ 
 
 The meane flowring yellow Tulipa. 
 
 1 A faircgold yellow. 
 
 2 A Strawe colour. 
 
 3 A Brimftonc colour pale yellowilh 
 greene. 
 
 4 A pale Orenge colour. 
 
 5 A pale cloth of gold colour. ■>. 
 
 6 A Cuftard colour a palcyellow lhadoW- 
 ed ouerwithabrowne. 
 
 7 A gold yellow with red edges , greater 
 or fmaller. 
 
 8 A Strawe colour with red edges, deeper 
 or paler, greater or fmaller. 
 
 9 A fullen or fmoakie yellow, like a dead 
 lean; that is fallen, and therefore called, 
 FuelUc mort. 
 
 10 A yellow (hadowed with red, and ftri- 
 ped alfo through ail the leaues , the 
 backfidc of them being of a red crim- 
 fon,and the edges pale. 
 
 11 A pale yellow, fhadowed and ftriped 
 with red, in fomemorein fame Idle the 
 bottomes being either yellow or green. 
 
 1 2 A Tefl ament urn Cluflj, that is, a ihado w- 
 ed pale yellow, both within & without, 
 Ipottcd round about the middle on the 
 infide, as all other Holias are,thebacke 
 of theleaues being more obfeure or fha. 
 dowed with pale yellow edges, and a 
 greene bottome. 
 
 1 3 Flam - 
 
The (garden of plea j ant t lowers. 
 
 61 
 
 13 FUmba.ni lutea, diner fimtd'c intm magis 
 aut minus ftriata, vel in alys extra ma- 
 
 . culat a rubore, [unit vt plurimum nigro, 
 vel in alijs luteo. 
 
 14 F Umlaut pallidior dr elegant ior . 
 
 15 Holus lutea inteufior vel remifsior di- 
 uerfimode , in orbem radiata interius , ru- 
 bra maculis td fuprem.es vffo oras, aliquo- 
 ties crebre, alias parte, fundo viridi, vel 
 tanetto obfcuro. 
 
 1 6 Holies (Irarninea rubore [Iriata dr puncta- 
 ta,! nfar alba Uoli.ts, 
 
 17 Tunica Morionis lutea , alys diCla Flam- 
 mea, tn qua color flavtu magis & confpicuus 
 rubore, dtucrflmodc radiata. 
 
 Huc reddenda ejfet viridium Tuliparum 
 clafsis, qua diiserfarum etiam conflat fpe- 
 cierum. Vna viridis inteufior , cuius 
 flos femper fere femiclau/us manet flami- 
 nibus fimbriatis. Altera remifsior, in far 
 Pfittaci pennarum viridium , luteo variata 
 Oris albis. Tertia adhuc dilutiori viridi- 
 tate erit purpureis. .Quarta , cujus folia 
 aqualiter purpura diluta , dr viriditate 
 dtuifa funt. ffluwta , folys longifsimis 
 ftcllxmcdo expanfts , ex rubore dr viridi- 
 tatecexcix. 
 
 13 A yellow Flambant of diuers forts, that 
 is, the whole flower more or lefle drea- 
 med or fpotted on the infide, and in 
 foraeon the outfide with red, the bot- 
 tome in moll being blacke.yet in forac 
 yellow, 
 
 14 A paler yellow Flambant morebeau- 
 tifull. 
 
 15 A yellow Holias, paler or deeper yel- 
 low very variable, fpotted on tbeinfide 
 round about the middle, with red 
 fometimes plentifully, or elfc fparing- 
 ly,vvith a green or dark tawny bottome, 
 
 i <5 A ftrawe coloured Holias, fpotted and 
 dreamed with red , as is to bee feencin 
 the white Holias. 
 
 17 A yellow Fooles cciate, of fome called 
 aflamecolour, wherein the yellow is 
 more then the red, diuerflydrtamed. 
 
 Vnto thefe may be added thegreeneTuli- 
 pa, which is alfo of diuers forts.One lia- 
 uiug a great flower of a deepe green co- 
 lour, feldome opening it felfe, but abi- 
 ding alwaies as it were halfe Ihut vp 
 and clofed, the chiuCs being as it were 
 feathered. Another of a paler or yel- 
 lowifh green, paned with yellow , and 
 is called, The Parret, &c.with white 
 edges. A third of a more yellowifh 
 green, with red or purplifh edges. A 
 fourth , hath the leaues of the flower 
 equally almod parted, with grcenc and 
 a light purple colour , which abiding a 
 long time in flower, groweth in time to 
 be fairer marked : foratthefirditdoth 
 not (hew it felfe fo plainely diuided. 
 Somecall this agreene Swifter. A fifth 
 hath the longed leaues (landing like a 
 ftarre, confiding of greene and purple* 
 
 Tulipa Serotina. The late flowring T ulipa. 
 
 The late flowring Tulipa hath had his defeription exprefled in the precedent dif- 
 courfe, fo that I (hall not needeto make a repetition of what hath already beene fet 
 downe. The greateft matter of knowledge in this kindc is this , That it hath no fuch 
 plentifnll variety of colours or mixtures in his flowers, as are in the two former forts, 
 but is confined within thefe limits here expreffed , as farre as hath come to Our know* 
 ledge. 
 
 tulipa Serotina. 
 
 The late flowringTulipa, 
 
 Rofea inttnfior, aut remifsior. 
 
 Rubra vulgaris , aut fatur at ior, & quafl 
 nigricans , fundo luteo vel nigro , vel ni- 
 gro orbe, aureo inclufi , dilia Oculus So- 
 lis. 
 
 Lutea communis. 
 
 Lutea oris rubris. 
 
 Lutea guttis f anguineis , fundo nigri vel 
 vario. 
 
 A Rofe colour deeper or paler. 
 
 Anordinary redjOrelfca deeperfed like 
 blackebloud , with a blacke or yellow 
 bottome, or blacke circled with yel- 
 low, called the Suns eye. 
 
 An ordinary yellow. 
 
 A yellow with red edges. 
 
 A yellow with red fpots and Veines , the 
 bottome black? or difcoloured. 
 
 F There: 
 
6z ¥ be (jar den of pleafant Floors. 
 
 There yet remainc many obferuations, concerning thefe beautifull flowers, fitto be 
 knovvne, which could not, without too much prolixity, be comprehended within the 
 bodyofthedcfcriptionofthem;butarereferuedtobeeintreatcd of a part by then»- 
 fclues. 
 
 AllfortsofTulipasbearevfuallybut one ftalke, and that without any branches: 
 but fometimes nature is fo plentifull in bearing, that it hath two or three ftalkes , and 
 fometimes two, or more branches out of one ftalke (euery ftalke or branch bearing 
 one flower at the toppe) but this is but feldome fcenc ; and when it doth happen once 
 it is hardly feeneagainein the fame roote, but is a great figne, that the roote that 
 doth thus, being an old roote, will the fame y care part into diuers roorcs, whereof 
 euery one, being of a real'onable greatndlc , will beare both his ftalke and flower the 
 next yeare, agreeing with the mother plant in colour, as all the of-fets of Tulipas doe 
 for the moft part: for although the young of-fets of fome doe vary from the maine 
 roote, euen while it groweth with them, yet being feparated, it will bee of the fame 
 colour with the mother plant. 
 
 There groweth oftentimes in the Medial , and fometimes alfo in the Praceees, but 
 more feldome, a fmall bulbe orroote, hard abouetheground,atthe bottomcof the 
 ftalke, and betweene it and the lower leafe, which when the ftalke is dry , and it ripe, 
 being put into the ground, will bring forth in time a flower like vnto the mother plant) 
 from whence it was taken. 
 
 The flowers alfo of T ulipas confift moft commonly of fixe leaues , but fometimes 
 they are feeneto haue eight or tenne,or more leaues ; but vfually , thofe rootes beare 
 but their ordinary number of fixe leaues the next yeare : the head for feede then is 
 forrhe moft part fourefquare, which at all other times is but three fquare, or when 
 the flower wanteth a leafe or two, as fometimes alfo it doth, it then is flat hauin® but 
 two fides. 
 
 The forme of the flower is alfo very variable ; for the leaues of fome Tulipas are all 
 Iharpe pointed, or all blunt and round pointed , and many haue the three outer leaues 
 fharpe pointed, and the three inner round or pointed, and fome contrari wife, thethree 
 outermoft round pointed, and the three inner iharpe pointed. Againe,fome haueall 
 the leaues of the flowers long and narrow, and fome haue them broader and (horter. 
 Some Pracoces alfo haue their flowers very large and great, equall vnto eytherthe 
 Media , or Serotina , which moft commonly arc the largeft , and others haHe them as 
 fmall as the BoloniaTulipa. 
 
 The bottomesofthe leaues ofthe flowers are alfo variably diuerfified, and fo are 
 both the chiues or threeds that (land vp about the head, and the tips or pendents that 
 are hanging loofe on the toppes of them; and by the difference ofthe bottomes or 
 chiues, many flowers are diftinguiihed, which clfc are very like in colour , and alike 
 alfo marked. 
 
 For the fmell alfo there is fome diuerfity ; for that the flower? of fome are very 
 fweetc, of others nothing at all, and fome betweene both, of a fmall fent,but not offen- 
 fiue : and yet fome I haue obferued haue had a ftrong ill fent . but how to (hew you to 
 diftinguifh them , morcthenbyyourownefenfc, 1 cannot : for the feedes of fweete 
 fmelling Tulipas doe not follow theirmother plant, no more then they doe in the 
 colour. 
 
 And laftly, takethis , which is notthe lead obferuation , worth the noting, that I 
 haue obferued in many : When they haue beene of one entire colour for diuers yeares, 
 yet in fome yeare they haue altered very much, asifithad not beene the fame, viz. 
 from a purple or darnel I, it hath beene variably either parted , or mixed, orftriped 
 with white, eyther in part , orthrough thewhole flower, and fo in a red or yellow 
 flower, that it hath had eyther red or yellow edges, or yellow or red fpots , lines 
 vcines, or flames, running through the red or yellow colour, and fometimes’it hath 
 happened, that three leaues haue been equally parted in the middle with red andyel- 
 Iow,the other three abiding of one colour, and in fome the red had fomeyellow in ir 
 and the yellow fome red fpots in it alfo ■ whereof I haue obferued , that allfuch flow’ 
 ers, not hauing their originali in that manner, (for fomethat haue fuch or the like 
 markes from the beginning, that is, from the firft and fecond yeares flowring, are con- 
 ftanj, and doe not change) but as I Taid, were of one colour at the firft, doe Ihewthe 
 
 weaknefle 
 
The (garden of pleafant Flowers. djj 
 
 weakneflcand decay oftheroote, and thatthis extraordinary beauty in the flower, is 
 but as the brightnefle of a light ,vpon the very extinguifhing thereof, and doth plainly 
 declare, that it can doe his Mafter no more feruice,and therefore with this iollity doth 
 bid him good night. I know there is a common opinion among many (and very con- 
 fidently maintained) that aTulipa with a white flower, hath changed to bearc a red or 
 yello w, and fo of the red or yellow, and other colours, that they are likewifeincon- 
 ftant, as though no flowers werecertaine : but I could neuer either fee or heare for 
 certaineany fuch alteration, nor any other variation, but what is formerly exprefled. 
 
 Let not therefore any iudicious be carried away with any fuch idle conceit,but rather 
 fufpetftfome deceit in their Gardeners or others, by takingvp one, and putting inan- 
 otber in the place, or elfe their owne miftaking. 
 
 Nowforthefowing, plantings tranfplatiting , choife , and ordering of Tulipas, 
 which is not the leaft of regard, concerning this fubieS in hand, but (as I think)would 
 be willingly entertained ; What I haue by my bed endeauours learned, by mine owne 
 paines in almoft forty ycares trauell, or from others informations, I am willing here 
 tofetdowne 5 not doubting, but that fome may adde what hath not come to my 
 knowledge. 
 
 Firft, in the fowing offccdcs of Tulipas, I haue not obferued (whatfoeuer others 
 haue written) nor could of certainty learne of others, that there doth arife from the 
 feedes oiPrxcoces any Medus or Serotine T ulipas , (or but very fcldome) nor am cer- 
 tainly afliired of any : but that the feedes of all Pracoces (fo they be not doubtfull , or 
 of the laft flowring forts) will bring Pracocet : And I am out of doubt, that I neuer law, 
 nor could learne, that eucr the feedeof the Mediat or Sir o tines haue giuen Pracoces ; 
 but Mediat or Serotines, according to their naturali kinde. But if there (hould bee any 
 degeneration, I rather incline to t hinke , that it fooncr commeth to paffe ( i meliore ad 
 feint, for facilis e(l dtfccnfut, that is) that Prat tees may giue Mediat , then that Mediae or 
 Scrofincs (hould giue Pracoces, 
 
 For the choife ofyour feede tofowe. Firft, for the ?>■.«««, Clufius faith, that the 
 Pracox T vlipa, that beareth a white flower, is the beft to giue the greateft variety of co- 
 lours. Some among vs haue reported, that they haue found great variety rife from the 
 feede of the red Pracox, which I can more hardly beleeuc.- but Clulius his experience 
 hath the greater probability, but efpecially if it haue fame mixture of red or purple in 
 it. The purple I haue found to be the beft, next thereunto is the purple with white 
 edges, and fo likewife the red with yellow edges, each of them will bring moftof 
 theirowne colours. Then the choife of the beft Mediat , is to take thofe colours that 
 are light, rather white then yellow, and purple then red ; yea white, not yellow, pur- 
 ple, not red: butthefeagainctobefpottedisthcbeft, and the more the better; but 
 withall, or abouc all in thefe, refpcift the ground or bottome of the flower, (which in 
 the Pracox Tulipa cannot, becaufc youfhall feldome fee any other ground in them but 
 yellow) for if the flower be white, or whitifh , fpotted, or edged, and ftraked, and the 
 bottome blew or purple (fuch as is found in the Holias, and in the Cloth of filuer, this 
 is beyond all other the moft excellent, and out of queftion the choifeft of an hundred, 
 to haue the greateft and moft pleafant variety and rarity. And fo in degree, the meaner 
 in beauty you fowe, the lefferfhall your pleafure in rarities be. Beftowe not your time 
 in fowing red or yello w Tulipa feede, or the diuers mixtures of them ; for they will (as 
 I haue found by experience) feldome be worth your paines. The Serotina, or late flow- 
 ring Tulipa, becaufc it is feldome feene,with any efpeciall beautifull variety, you may 
 eafily your felues ghelfe that it can bring forth (euen as I haue alfo learned) no raritie, 
 and little or no diuerfity at all. 
 
 The time and manner to fowe thefe feedes isnexttobeconfidered. Youmay not 
 fowe them in the fpring of the yeare, if you hope to haue any good of them ; but in the 
 Autumne, or prefently after they be thorough ripe and dry : yet if you fowe them not 
 vntill the end of O (Sober, they will come forward neuer the worfe, but rather the bet- 
 ter; for it is often feene, that ouer early fowing caufeth them to fpring out of the 
 ground ouer early, fo that if a (harpe fpring chance to follow, it may goe necret® 
 fpoile all, or the moft ofyour feede. Wee vfually fowe the fame y ear cs feede, yetif 
 you chance to keepe of your owne, or haue from others fuch feed, as is two years old, 
 they will thriue and doe well enough, efpecially if they were ripe and well gathered : 
 
 F a You 
 
6\ The (garden of pic a f ant timers. 
 
 You muft not fawe them too chicke, for fo doing hath loft manyTpercieljFgood 
 feede, as I can tell ; for if the fcede lye one vpon another, that it hath not roomevpon 
 the fproutmg, to enter and take roote in the earth, it perilhet h by and by . Some v fe to 
 tread downe the ground, where they meane to fowe theirfeede, and hauingfowne 
 them thereon, doe couer them ouer the thickneffe of a mans thumbe with fine fifred 
 earth, and they thinke they doe well, and haue good reafon for it : for confiderine the 
 nature of.thc young Tulipa rootes, is to runne downe deeper into the ground cuery 
 yeare more then other, theythinketohindertheir quicke defcentbythe faftnefleof 
 the ground,thatfothey may encreafe the better. Thiswaymay pleafe fome burl 
 doe not vfe it, nor can findethe reafon fufficient ; for they doe not confider that the 
 ftiffenefTe of the earth, doth caufe the rootes of the young Tulipas to bee long before 
 they grow great, in that a ftiffe ground doth more hinder the well thriuingof the 
 rootes, then aloofe doth, and although the rootes doe runne downe deeper inaloofe 
 earth, yet they may eafily by tranfplanting be holpen, and raifed vp high enough. I 
 haud aHb feenefome T uhpas not once remoued from their fowing to their flooring . 
 but if you will not lofe them, youmuft takethem vp while theirleafeor ftalke is fit ih’ 
 and not withered : for if you doe not follow the ftalke downe to the roote, beitneuer 
 fodeepe, you will leaue them behinde you. The ground alfomuft be refpedied • for 
 the finer, fofeer, and richer the mould is, wherein you fowe your feede, the greater 
 fhall be your encreafe and varietie: Sift ir therefore fromallftones and rubbiih and 
 let it be either fat naturali ground of it felfe , or being muckt , that it bee thoroughly 
 rotten : but. fome I know, to mend their ground, doc make fuch a mixture of grounds 
 that they inarre it in the making. * 
 
 ,-After the feede is thus fowne, the firft yeares fpringing bringeth forth leaues little 
 bigger then the ordinary grade leaues 5 the fecond yeare bigger, and fo by degrees 
 euery yeare bigger then other. The leaues of the Prices while they are young may 
 be difeerned from the Median by this note, which I haue obferued.The leaues of’them 
 doe Wholly ftand vp aboue the ground, (hewing the fmall footftalkes, whereby euerie 
 leafe doth ftand , but the leaues of the Media or Serotina doe neuer wholly appeare 
 out of the ground, but the lower part which is broad, abideth vnder the vpper face of 
 rheearth. Thofe Tulipas now growingtobee three yeares old, (yet fomeatthefe- 
 cond, if the ground and ayre be correfpondent) are to bee taken vp out of the ground 
 wherein yeelhall finde they haue runne deepe, and to be anew planted, after they haue 
 been a little dryed and clouded, 'eyther in the fame , or another ground againe , pla- 
 cing them reafonable neareione vnto another, according to their greatnelTe, which be- 
 ing planted and couered ouerwith earth againe , of about an inch or two thicknefle 
 may be left vntaken vp agame fortwo yeare longer, if you will, or elfe remoued eucry 
 yeare after, as you pleafe; and thus by tranfplanting them in their due feafon (which 
 is ftill in theend ofluly, or beginning of Auguft , orthereabours) you (hall according 
 to your feede and foyle, haue fome come to bearing, in the fifth yeare after the flow- 
 ring, (and fome haue had them in the fourth, but that hath bcene but few, and none of 
 the beft, or in a rich ground; fome in the fixth and feuenth,and fome peraduenture,not 
 vntill the eighth or tenth yeare : but ftill remember, that as your rootes gro we grea- 
 ter, that in re-planting you giue them the more roomc to be diftant one from another 
 or elfe the one will hinder, if not rot the other. 
 
 The feede of the Princes, doe not thriue and come forward fo faft as the Mediae or 
 Sere tines , nor doe giue any of-fets in theirrunning downe as the Mediae doe , which 
 vfually leaue a fmall roote at theheadof the otherthat is runne downe euery yeare- 
 and befides,are more tender, and require more care and attendance then the Mediae, 
 and therefore they are the more refpeded. 
 
 This is a generali and certainerulc in all Tulipas, that all the while they beare but 
 one leafe, they will not beare flower, whether they bee feedlings, orthe of-fets of 
 elder rootes , orthe rootes themfelues,that haue heretofore borne flowers ; but when 
 they (hew a fecond leafe, breaking out of the fir ft, icisa certainefigne,tbat it will 
 then beare a flower, vnleffe fome cafualty hinder it, asfroftorraine,to nip orfpoile 
 the bud, or other vntitnely accident befall it. 
 
 To fetor plant your beft and bearing Tulipas fomewhat deeper then other rootes 
 I hold it the beft way - 3 for if the ground bee either cold , or lye coo open to the cold’ 
 
 Northerne 
 
7 ~ he Cjardsn of pleafant t lowers, 
 
 Northerne ayrc, they will be the better defended therein , and not fuffcr the frofts or 
 cold to pierce them fofoone: for the dcepe frofts and fnowes doe pinch the Pracoces 
 chiefly, if they bee too nearethevppermoft cruft ofthe earth -and therefore many, 
 with good fuccefle , couerouer their ground before Winter, with either frefli or old 
 rotten dung, and that will maruelloufly preferue them. The like courfe you may hold 
 with feedlings, to caufe them to come on the forwarder, fo it bee after the fir ft yeares 
 fowing, and not till then. 
 
 To rcmoueTulipas after they hauefhot forth their fibres or fmall firings, which 
 grow vnder the great round rootes, (that is, from September vntill they bee in flower) 
 is very dangerous • for by remouing them when they haue taken faft hold in the 
 ground, you doe both hinder them in the bearing out their flower, and befides, put 
 them in hazzard to perifh, at leaft to bee put backe from bearing for a whileafter, as 
 oftentimes I haue proued by experience : But when they are now rifen to flower, and 
 fo for any time after, you may fafely take them vp if you will, and remouerhem 
 without danger, if you haue any good regard vnto them, vnlefle it be a young bearing 
 toote, which you fhall info doing much hinder, becaufe it is yet tender, by reafon ft 
 now bearcth his firft flower. But all T ulipa roots when their ftalke and leaues are dry, 
 may moft fafely then be taken vp out of the ground, and be fo kept (fo that they lye in 
 a dry, and not in a moift place) for fixe moneths, without any great harme : yea I haue 
 kno wne them that haue had them nine moneths out of the ground, and haue done rea- 
 fonable well, but this you muft vndei ftand withall, that they haue not been young but 
 cider rootes, and they haue been orderly taken vp and preferued. The dryer you keep 
 a Tuliparoote the better, foasyou let itnot lye in the funne orwinde, which will 
 pierce it and fpoile it. 
 
 Thus Gentlewomen for your delights,(for thefe pleafures are the delights of lea- 
 fure, w hich hath bred your loue & liking to them, and although you are herein predo- 
 minant, yet cannot they be barred from your beloued,who I doubt nor,wil fhare with 
 you in thedelight as much as is fit) haue I taken this paines, to fee downe, and bring to 
 your knowledge fuch rules ofart, as my fmall skill hath enabled mee withall concer- 
 ning this fubiedf, which of all other, feemed firteft in this manner to be enlarged, both 
 for the varietie of matter, and excellency of beautie herein, andalfo that thefe rules 
 fet forth together in one place , might (aue many repetitions in other places , fothat 
 for the planting and ordering of all other bulbous rootes, and the fowing the feedes of 
 them, you may haue recourfe vnto thefe rules, (tanquarn ad normam & examen ) which 
 may ferue in generali for all other, little diucrfitic of particulars needing exception* 
 
 The Place* 
 
 The greater Tulipas haue firft beene fent vsfromConftantirtople, and 
 other parts of Turkie , where it is faid they grow naturally wilde in the 
 Fields, Woods, and Mountaines 5 as Thracia, Macedonia, Pontus about 
 the Euxine Sea, Cappadocia, Bithynia, and about Tripolis and Aleppo in 
 Syria alfo : the lefler haue come from other feuerall places , as their names 
 doc defeipher it out vnto vs ; as Armenia, Perfia, Candye, Portugal!, 
 
 S paine, Italy, and France. They arcall nowmade Denizens in our Gar- 
 dens, where they yeeld vs more delight, and more encreafe for their pro- 
 portion, by reafon ofthe culture, then they did vnto their owne naturals. 
 
 The Time, 
 
 Thefe doe flower fome earlier, fome later, for three whole moneths to- 
 gether at the leaft, therein adorning out a Garden moft glorioufly, in that 
 being but one kinde of flower, ft is fo full of variety, as no other (except the 
 Daffodils, which yet arenot comparable , in that they yeeld notthat allu- 
 ring pleafant variety) doe the like befides. Some of the Pracoces haue beene 
 in flower with vs, (for I fpeake not of their owne naturali places, where the 
 Wintersare milder, and the Spring earlier then ours) in the moneth ofla- 
 nuary, when the Winter before hath beene milde, but many in February, 
 
 F 3 and 
 
66 
 
 The C jarden of pleafant Flowers. 
 
 and all the Practices, from the beginning to the end of March , if the yeare 
 bekindly : at what time the Media doe begin , and abide all Aprill , and 
 part of May, when the Strotines flower and fade ; but this, as I Taid, if the 
 yeare be kindly, or elfe each kinde willbcamoncthlater. Thefeedeis ripe 
 in lune and Iuly , according to their early or late flowring. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 There haue beene diuers opinions among our moderne Writers, by 
 what name this plant was knowne to the ancient Authors. Some would 
 haue it be Cefmoftndales, of the Ancient. Dodonatus referreth it to *um of 
 Theophraftus,in his feuenth Booke and thirteenth Chapter : but thereof 
 he is (obriefe, that befides the bare name, weecannot tinde him tomake 
 any further relation of forme, or quality. And Bauhinus,vpon Matthiolus 
 Commentaries of Diofcorides,and in his Pinax alio, folio weth his opini- 
 on. Camerarius in his Hortus Medicus is of opinion , it may be referred to 
 the Helychry fum of Crateua. Gefner, as I thinke, firft of all, and after him 
 Lobe!, Camerarius, Clufius and many others , referre it to the Satyrium of 
 Diolcorides : and lurely this opinion is the moll probable for many rea- 
 fons. Firft, for that this plant doth grow very frequent in many places of 
 Greece, and the letter Alia, which were no doubt fufficicntly knowne both 
 to Theophraftus , and Diofcorides , and was accounted among bulbous 
 rootes, although by fundry names. And fecondly, as Diofcorides fetteth 
 forth his Satyrium, fo this moft commonly beareth three leaues vpona 
 ftalke (although fometimes with vs it hath foure or fiue)like vnto a Lilly, 
 whereof fome are often feen to be both red,in the firft fpringing, and alfo 
 vpon the decay ing,efpecially in a dry time, and in a dry ground : the flower 
 like wife of fome is white, and like a Lilly ; the rootc is round, and as white 
 within as the white of an egge, couered with a browne coate, hauinga 
 fweetifli, but not vnpleafant tafte , as any man without danger many try. 
 This defeription doth fo liuely fet forth this plant , that I thinke wee (hall* 
 not neede to be any longer in doubt, where to finde Diofcorides his Saty- 
 rium Triphyllum , feeing wee haue fuch plenty growing with vs. And 
 thirdly, there is no doubt, but that it hath the fame qualities, as you (hall 
 hereafter heare further. And laftly,that plant likewife that beareth a red 
 flower, may very well agree with his Erythronium ; for the defections in 
 Diofcorides are both alike, as are their qualities, the greateft doubt may be 
 in the feede, which yet may agree vnto Lin or Flaxe as fitly, or rather more 
 then many other plants doe, in many of his comparifons, which yet wee re- 
 ceiue for currant. For thefeede of Tulipasare flat, hard, and fhining as the 
 feede of Linum or Flaxe, although ofanother colour, and bigger, as Dio- 
 fcorides himfclfe fetteth it downe. But if there fliould be amiftaking in the 
 writing of for in the Greeke T ext , as the flippe is both eafic and 
 likely, it were then out ofallqueftion the fame: for the feede is very like 
 vnto the feede of Lillies, as any man may eafily difeerne that know them, or 
 will compare them. It is generally called by all the late Writers , Tuhpt i 
 which is dcriued from the name Tulptn , whereby theTurkcsof BalmetU 
 doeentitletheir head Tyres, or Caps ; and this flower being blowne, laide 
 open,andinuerted,dothvery well refemble them. We haue recciucdthe 
 early kinde from Conftantinople,by the name of CtftUle , and the other 
 by the name oiCtmU l tie. Lobel and others doe call it Lihe-nttrcijJuj , be- 
 caufe it doth refemble a Lilly in theleafe, flower, and feede, and a Daffodill 
 in the roote.We call it in Englilh the T urkes Cap, but moft vfualiy Tulipa, 
 as moft other Chriftian Countries that delight therein doe. Dalefchampius 
 callethit Oulada. 
 
 TbeVertues. 
 
 Diofcorides writeth, that his firft Satyrium is profitable for them that 
 
 haue 
 
The (jar den of pleafant Flowers. 6 7 
 
 haue a convulfion in their necke, (which wee call a cricke in the necke) if it 
 be drunkein harfh (which ive call red) wine. 
 
 That the roots of Tulipas are nouriihing, there is no doubt, the plcafant, 
 or at lead the no vnpleafant tafte* may hereunto perfwade ; fordiuershauc 
 had them fent by their friends from beyond Sea, and miftaking them to bee 
 Onions, haue vfed them as Onions in their pottage or broth, and neuer 
 found any cauie of mi(like,orany fenfeofeuill quality produced by them, 
 but accounted them fweete Onions. 
 
 Further, I haue made tryallofthem my felfe in this manner. Ihauepre- 
 ferued the rootes of thefe Tulipas in Sugar, as I haue done therootes of E- 
 ringus, Orchis, or any other fuch like, and haue found them to be almoft as 
 plcafant as thcEringus rootes, being firmeand found, fit to be prelented to 
 the curious; but for force of Venereous quality ,1 cannot fay,either from my 
 felfe, not hauing eaten many, or from any other, on whom I haue bellowed 
 them : but furely, if there be any fpeciall propertie in the rootes of Orchis^ 
 or fome other tending to that purpofe , I thinkc this may as well haue it as 
 they. Itfliouldfeeme, that Diofcorides doth attribute a great Venereous 
 faculty to the feede , whereof I know not any hath made any efpcciall ex- 
 periment with vs as yet. 
 
 Chap. IX. 
 Ntrcijfus. The Daffodill. 
 
 T Herc hathbeene great confufion among many of our moderne Writers of 
 plants, in not diftinguifhing the manifold varieties of Daffodils 5 for euery one 
 almoft, without confideration of kinde or forme, or other fpeciall note , gi- 
 ucthnamesiodiucrfly one from another, that if anyone (hall receiue from feuerall 
 places the Catalogues of their names (as I haue had many ) as they fet them down, and 
 compare the one Catalogue with the other, he (hall fcarce haue three names in a dozen 
 toagree together, one calling that by one name, which another calleth by another, that 
 very few can tell what they meane. And this their confufion, in not diftinguilhing 
 the name oiNureiffits from rfatdonurcijfus, is of all other in this kinde the greateft and 
 groflefterrour. To auoide therefore that gulfe, whereof I complaine that fo manie 
 haue bin endrenched; andto reduce the Daffodils into fuch a methodicall order, that 
 euery one may know, to what cUfsis or forme any one doth appertaine, Iwillfirft 
 diuidethem into two principali or primary kindes : that is, into N&rcijfos, true Daffo- 
 dils, and Pfeudomrcijfes, baftard Daffodils: which diftimftion I hold to be mod necef- 
 farie to be fet do wne firft of all, that euery one may be named without confufion vnder 
 his owne primary kind, and then to let the other parts of the fubdiuifion follow, as is 
 properto them, andfitteftto expreflethem. Nowtocaufeyouto vnderftand the 
 difference bet weene a true Daffodill and a falfe, is this ■ it confifteth onely in the flow- 
 er, (when as in all other partsthey cannot bee diftinguifhed) and chiefly in the middle 
 cup or chalice ; for that we doe in a manner onely account thole to bee Pfeudtntrcijfos, 
 baftard Daffodils, vvhofe middle cup is altogether as long, and fometime a little longer 
 then the outter leaues that doe encompalTe it, fo that it feemeth rather like a trunke or 
 long nofc, then a cup or chalice, fuch as almoft all the Ntrcifii, or true Daffodils haue; 
 I fay almoft, becaufclknowthat fomeof them haue their middle cup fo (mall, that 
 werathercallitacrownethcnacup;andagaine, fome of them haue them folong, 
 that they may feemtobeofthe number of the Pfittdonircjsi, or baftard Daffodils: but 
 yet may eafily be kno wne from them, inthat,’althoughthecupoffomc of the true 
 Daffodils be great, yet it is wider open at the brim or edgc,and not fo long and narrow 
 all alike as the baftard kin des are • and this is the chiefe and onely way to know ho W to 
 feuerthefe kindes, which rule holdcth certaine in all, except that kinde which is called 
 Ntrccijfm ittncifolim reflext fltre , whole cup is narrow, and as long a-s the leaues that 
 
 turne vpagatne. 
 
 Secondly, 
 
68 
 
 T he (jar den of pleafant Flowers. 
 
 Sccondiy, 1 will fubdinide each ofthefe again apartby themfeh^, into foure forts , 
 andnrftthe Narctfftss, or true Daffodils into ( *» 
 
 Latiftlios, broad leafed Daffodils. 
 t-Angnfli/tlits, narrow leafed Daffodils. 
 lunctf olios, Ruflie Daffodils, and 
 Marinos, Sea Daffodils. 
 
 Thefe forts againe doe comprehend vnder them fome other diuifions, wherebv 
 they may the better be diftwguilhed , andyetftillbee referred to one of thofe fn.Z 
 former forts : as uu * c 
 
 Mtnantbts, that is, Daffodils that bcare but one flower , or two at the mnft 
 (hike, and at[nc moit rpona 
 
 Ptlyanthos , thofe that beare many flowers together vpon a flails : as alfo 
 Simplici flore, thofe that beare Angle flowers, and 
 Multiplici fltre, or flore plent, that is, haue double flowers. 
 
 theTfor?caUe°d fe ^ fl0Wer “ thc Spring> and amon S thcm fomc that «* earlier 5 an«l 
 
 Pracoces, early flowring Daffodils, and 
 s-Autnmnales, thofe that flower in Autumne onely. 
 
 And laftly, with the p/eudonarcijjbs, or baftard Daffodils, I will keepethe fame 
 der t° diftinguifli them likewife into their foure feuerall forts j and as with the tme 
 Daffodils, fovvith thefe falfe,defcnbe vnder euery foit: firft, thofe that bcare finde 
 flowers, whether one or many ypon a ftalke; and then thofe that beare double flow 
 
 ers one or many alfo. As for the diftimftions of «,a/>and minor, greater and iX-' 
 wdof maxsmus and minimus .greateft andleaft, they doe not onely belong to thefe 
 Daffodils ; and therefore muft be vfed as occafion permitteth , but vnto all other fXrr 
 
 1 . NarciJJiu latifolius omnium maximus, amplo calice flaut, flue NtmpareiSc 
 Thegreat None fuch Daffodill,or Incomparable Daffodill. 
 
 This Narcijfus Nompareille hath three or foure long and broad leaues , of a grayifl, 
 greene colour, among which nfeth vp a ftalke two f oote high at the leaft, at thetoppe 
 whereof, out of a th.nne sk.nnie huske, as all Daffodils haue, commeth forth one large 
 finglc flower, and no more vfually , confiftingof fixe very pale yellow lar®e leaues 
 almoft round at the point, with a large cuppe in the middle^ fomewhat yellower then 
 the leaues, the bottome whereof next vnto the ftalke is narrow and round, rifing wider 
 to the mouth which is very largoand open , and vneuenly cut in or indented about 
 the edges. The cup doth very well referable the chalice, that in former dayes with vs 
 and beyond the Seas is ftill vfed to hold the Sacramentall Wine, that is^vith anar* 
 rowerbottome,anda wide mouth. After the flower is nafl- anar " 
 
 meth (for it doth not often) a round greene head, and blacke round feede therelnlike 
 vnto other Daffodils, but g, eater. -Theroote is great, as other Daffodils that bearc 
 
 Ifttfc or ^fent at all! C ° UCled 0UCr Wltb a bro 'vnifh coate or skinne. Theflowerhath 
 
 mtvmimo This dothfoinetimcs bring forth a flower with ten ortwelu e leaues, and a cup much 
 larger, as if it w ould be two, euen as the flower feemeth • p 
 
 2 . N arcifns omnium maximus flore & calice flant. 
 
 Thegreatyellow Incomparable Daffodill. ' 
 
 This other kinde differed neither in forme, nor bignefTe of leafe or flower from the 
 
 fetsk^tr P !' hccirc,i " sWsof ^ SS 
 
 nr, V maau. This dot hfometimesdegenerateand grow luxurious alfo, bringing forth two flow 
 ers vpon a ftalke, each diftindf from other, and fomerimes two flowers thruft together" 
 icrnnfttinf \. feldome ; for it is not a peculiar' kindest 
 
 is cpnftant, yearly abiding in the fame forme. 
 
 q.Narcijfut 
 
The (jar den of f leaf ant Flowers, 
 
 6 ? 
 
 3 . Nerci/flm mtximus grifeut edict fleuo. The gray Peerlefle DafFodill. 
 
 This PeerlelTc DafFodill well deferueth his place among thefelcindes, for that it 
 doth much refemble them, and peraduenture is but a difference raifed from thefeede 
 o f the former, it is fo like in leafe and flower, but that the leaues feeme to be fomewhat 
 greater, and the fixe outer leaues of the flower to be of a glittering whitilhgray colour, 
 and the cup yellow, as the former, but larger. 
 
 4 . Nxrciffui Utifotius flsuo flore ample edict, flue Matteneffe, 
 
 The letter yellow Nompareille, or the Lady Mattenefles DafFodill. 
 
 The leaues of this DafFodill, are fomewhat like vnto the leaues ofthe firft kind, but 
 notaltogcther fo longer broad : the ftalke likewife rifeth not vp fully fohigh, and 
 beareth one flower like the former, but letter, and both the cuppe and the leaues are of 
 one colour, that is, of a pale yellow, yet more yellow then in the former: the cup of 
 this alfo is letter, and a little differing; for it is neither fully fo fmall in the bottome, 
 nor fo large at the edges, nor fo crumpled at the brimmes , fo that all thefe differences 
 doe plainly drew it to be another kinde, quite from the former. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 The places of none of thefe are certainly knowne to vs where they grow 
 naturally, but we haUe them onely in our Gardens, and haue becnc fent,and 
 procured from diuers places. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 They flower fometimes in the end of March, but chiefly in April!. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 The firft and fecond haue been fent vs by the name of NtrciffeNompxre - 
 He, as it is called in French • and in Latine, Narciffus omnium maximus tmple 
 edict fleue, and Ntrciffus Iucempardilis, that is,the Incomparable DafFodill, 
 or thegreateft DafFodill of all other, withalarge yellow cuppe :butaflu- 
 redly, although this DafFodill doth exceed many other, both in length and 
 bignefle, yet the great Spanilh baftard DafFodill , which (hall be fpoken of 
 hereafter, is in my perfwafion oftentimes a farre higher and larger flower j 
 and therefore this name was giuen but relatiuely, we may call it in Englifh, 
 The great None fuch DafFodill, or the Incomparable DafFodill, orthe great 
 Peerlefle DafFodill , orthe Nompareille DafFodill, whichyouwill : for 
 they all doe anfwer either the French or the Latine name ; and becaufe this 
 name/V^ra^aw^isgrowne currant by cuftome, I know not well how to 
 alter it. The third kinde may pafle with the title giuen it, without con- 
 troule. The laft is very well knowne beyond the Seas , efpecially in the 
 Low Countries, and thofe parts, by the Lady Matteneffe DafFodill, becaufe 
 Clufius receiued it from her. We may call it in Englifh, for the correfpon- 
 dcncy with the former, The letter yellow Nompareille, or Peerlefle Daffo- 
 dill, or the Lady Matteneffe DafFodill, which you will. 
 
 Nerei [Jus Indicus flore rutro , ditius Ucobeiu, 
 
 The Indian DafFodill with a red flower. 
 
 This Indian DafFodill is fo differing, both in forme, not hauing a cuppe , and in co- 
 lour, being red, from the whole Family of the Daffodils (except the next that follow- 
 ed, and the Autumne Daffodils) that fome might iuftly queftion the fitnefle of his 
 place here. But becaufe as all the plants, whether bulbous or other, that come from 
 
70 
 
 The Cjarden of pleafant Planers. 
 
 the Indies, either Eaft or Weft (although they differ very notably, from thofe that 
 grow in thefe parts of the world) muft in a generali furuey and mufter be ranked euery 
 one, as neere as the furueiours wit will diredf him,vnder feme other growing with vs 
 that is of neereft likeneffe ; Euen fo vntill fome other can dircdi his place more fitly I 
 Hull require you to accept of him in this, with this defcription that followeth, which 
 I mart tell you alfo, is more by relation then knowledge , or fight of the plant’it fclfe 
 This Daffodill hath diuers broad ieaues, fomewhat like vnto thecommon orordinarv 
 white Daffodill, of a grayifh greene colour • from the fidcs whereof, as alfo from the 
 middle of them, rife vp fometimes two ftalkes together, but molt vfually one after an- 
 other (for very often it ftowreth twice in a Summer) and often alfo but one ftalkea- 
 lone, which isof a faint reddiih colour , about a foote high ormore, atthetoppe 
 whereof, out of a deepe red skinne or huske , commeth forth one flower bending 
 downewards, confiding of fixe long Ieaues without any cup in the middle, of an ex- 
 cellent red colour, tending to a crimfon ; three of thefe Ieaues that turne vpwards arc 
 fomewhat larger then thofe three that hang downewards, hauing fixe threads or 
 chiues in the middle, tipt with yellow pendents, and a three forked ftile longer then 
 the reft , and turning vp the end thereof againe : the roote is round and bigge of a 
 brownifh colour on the outfide, and white within. This is fet forth by Aldinus’ Car- 
 dinali Farnefius his Phyfitian, that at Rome it rofe vp with ftalkes of flowers be- 
 fore any Ieaues appeared. 
 
 The Place, Time, and Names. 
 
 This naturally groweth in the Weft Indies, from whence it was brought 
 into Spaine, where it bore both in Iune and Iuly,and by the Indians in their 
 tongue named Azcai. Xochitl, and hath beenefent from Spaine, vnto 
 diuers louers of plants, into feuerall parts of Chriftendome , but haue not 
 thriuedlong in thefetranfalpinc colder Countries, fo far as I can heare. 
 
 Ndrcijfin TripczuHticut flare Uteo frececiflsimm , 
 
 The early Daffodill of Trebizond. 
 
 Becaufe this Daffodill is fo like in flower vnto theformer, although differing in co- 
 lour, I thought it the fitteft place to ioyne it the next thereunto. This early Daffodill 
 hath three or foureihort very greene Ieaues, folike vnto the Ieaues of the Autumne 
 Daffodill, that many may eafily bee deceiucd in miftaking one for another , the diffe- 
 rence confiding chiefly in this, that the Ieaues of this are not fo broad or fo long nor 
 rife vp in Autumne : in the midft of thefe Ieaues rifeth vp a ihort green ftalke, an hand- 
 full high, or not much higher vfually, (I fpeake of it as it hath often flowred with mee, 
 whether the caufe be the coldneffe of the time wherein it flowreth , or the nature of 
 the plant, or of our climate , I am in fome doubt • but I doe well remember that the 
 ftalkes of fome plants, that haue flowred later with me then the firft, haue by the grea- 
 ter ftrength,and comfort of the Sunne, rifen a good deale higher then the firft) bearing 
 at the top, out of a whitilhthinne skinne ftriped with greene, one flower a little ben- 
 ding downewards, confiding offixe Ieaues, laid open almoft in the lame manner with 
 theformer Indian Daffodill, whereof fome doc a little turne vp their points againe of 
 afairepaleyellow colour, hauing fixe white chiues within it, tipt with yellow pen- 
 dents, and a longer pointell : the rooteis not very great, but blackifhon the outfide 
 folike vnto the Autumne Daffodill, but that it is yellow vnder the firft or outcriuoft 
 coate, that one may eafily miftake one for another. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 Itivas lent vs from Conftantinople among other rootes, butas wee may 
 gheffc by the name, it (hould come thither from Trapezunte or Trebizond. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 It flowreth fometimes in December, if the former part ofthe Winter 
 r haue 
 
I Na rcifur tf tnpirtUle. The incomparab'e Daffbdilt. i Narcijpts MatMeft- The l«ff«r yellow Nomparelie Daftbdill. s Nar- 
 et]* 1 Iacobeus floti rabr». Tiic red m Jun DaffadiU* 4 Narciffks Trapt^untkat^ The fa; ly Daffodil! ot Trabefond. ■; Narcifpti 
 MiUtnut albus aptpktlhus maditu 1. The vvhite winged DafFoddl. 6 Nanijfus M.ontanus,fiHt Ntmfareillc terns Albm. The wiu!$ 
 NamfUeillc.of i'ceileffc DaffbdiU. j N’ardjfus tibusoblengn caliet- The white Daffodil! with a^oag cuj , 
 
 The garden of pleaf ant t lowers* 
 
7 1 
 
 % he Qarden of pleajant Flowers. 
 
 haue been milde 5 but mod vfually about the end of Ianuary or c-lfe in Fe 
 bruarie the beginning or the end. 
 
 The Names. , 
 
 Wee doe vfually call it from the Turkifh name, Nareifw Trapez-unticm 
 and fomealfo Call it Narctjpa vernus praeax , as Clufius doth, in Engirt,’ 
 The early DafFodill of Trebizond. a 3 
 
 Nard/fus Man! anus albus apophjftbus pr adit us. 
 
 The white Mountaine Daffodil! with eares, or • 
 
 The white winged DafFodill. 3 
 
 This Mountaine DafFodill rifeth vp with three or foure broad leaues foraewhar 
 long, ofawhittih grcenc colour, among which rifeth vp a ftalke a foote and a halfe 
 high, whereon ftandeth one large flower, and fometimes two, confuting of fixe white 
 leaues a peecc, not very broad, andwithout any (hewofyellownefTeinthem three 
 whereof haue vfually each of them on the backe part,at the bottome vpon the one fide 
 ofthera,andnot on both , a little final! white peeceofaleafelikc an -are theother 
 three hauing none at all: the cup is almoft as large, ornotmuch leite then the final! 
 Nompareille, fmall at the bottome, and very large, open at the brimme of a faire vel 
 low colour, and fometimes the edges or brimmes of the cup will hauea deeper vel~ 
 low colour about it, like as if it were difcoloured with Saffron : the flower is verir 
 { tveete , the roote is great and white, couered with a pale coate or skinne notverie 
 blacke and is not very apt to encreafe, feldomegiuing of-fets • neither haueleuerei 
 thered feede thereof, becaufe it pafFeth away without bearing any with me. 5 
 
 Ntrdfflti Mentimv,fwc Nompareille tutus albus ampla calice. 
 
 The white Nompareille DafFodill. 
 
 This whiteNompareille DafFodill, is in roote and Ieafc very like vntothe former 
 mountain or winged Daflodill,but that they are a little larger: the ftalke fromamone 
 the leaues rifeth vp not much higher then it, bearing at the top one large flower com- 
 pofed of fixe long white leaues, each whereof is as it were folded halfe wav together 
 tn the middle whereof ftandeth forth a large white cup, broader at the mouth or brims 
 then at the bottome, very like vntothe lefler Nompareille DafFodill before remem- 
 rfieforraef 1 ^ atlcau ^ lt t0 be fo entituled : the fent whereof is no leffc fweetc then 
 
 The Place. 
 
 The naturali places of thefe Daffodils are not certainly knowne to vs 
 Sines ythC DameS the/ Carry5 tIlc F ^ loulc ^ feeme to bee bred in the Moun- 
 
 The Time. 
 
 I hefe flower not fo early as many other kindes doe, but rather are to bee 
 accounted among the late flowring Daffodils s for they (hew not their 
 vntill the beginning of May , or the latter end of Aprill , with the 
 
 The Names. 
 
 The names fet downe ouer the heads of either of them be fuch, wherebv 
 
 ’S rHf £ V r n yCt K° mC d ° C Cal1 the firft Ntrc 'f us ^icllatus.thl 
 is to fay. The DafFodill with cares: and the other , Narciffus NompareiUcj 
 
 totus albus , that is to fay, The white Nompareille, or Pcerleffe DafFodill. 
 
 I . Nardfjus 
 
The (jardertof pleafant Flown, 
 
 n 
 
 I. Narcijfus albus-oblongo catice luteopracox minor. 
 
 The fmall early white Daffodill with a Ipng cup. 
 
 ■ "■' f’ v:v f I SflJ no worn r/.h4ihrtflm fl&w 
 
 three or foure ftandingifogether, about a foote long or better, among w hich rifeth vp a 
 greene ftalke, not full fo high as the leaues, bearing one flower at the toppe thereof of 
 a reafonable bignelfe, but not fo great as the later kindes that follow are, confiding of 
 fix whitifh leaues, but not perfect white, hauing a (hew ofa Creame colour appearing 
 in them; in the middlefs a long round yellow cup, about halfe an inch long or better. 
 The ftriell of this flower is reafonable fweete, the roote is of a reafonabk-bignefle,yct 
 lelfer then therootes of the later kindest 
 
 The leaues of this Daffodill areas greene as the former, but much narrower ; and 
 the leaues of the flower are more endining to yellow, but yet very pale, as if it were a 
 light ftrawc colour, and feeme to bee a little more narrow and pointed then the for- 
 
 This later flowring Daffodill hath his leaues fomewhat narrow & long, of a grayifli 
 or whitifl) greene colour, among which theftalke rifeth vpafooteandahalfehigh, 
 bearing one flower at the toppe, made of fix white leaues, hauing the cup in the mid-, 
 dlethereofaslongasthe former, and of a deepe yellow : the edges of this cuppe are 
 fometimesplaine,andlometimesalittle crumpled jthey are often alio circled at the 
 brimmes with a Saffron colour, and often alfo without it , the fmell whereof is very 
 pleafant, and not heady : the roote hereof is reafonable bigge, and couered Ouer ra- 
 ther with a pale then blackifh skinne. This flower doth foitfetimes alter his forme into 
 eightleaues, which being narrow and long, feeme like a white ftarre , compaflinga 
 
 There is another of this klnde, whofe flower is wholly ofa pale white, or yellowifh 
 Colour, differing neither in leafe nor roote from the former. 
 
 5 . N arcs f us pallidus oblongo culice flouo ferotinus. 
 
 The Strawe coloured late flowring Daffodill with a long yellow cup. 
 
 The chiefe difference of this Daffodill from the former, confifteth in the colour of 
 the top of the flower, which is ofa more yellow colour, anda littlelarger then the 
 former , and the brimmes or edges of the cup ofa deeper yellow , or Saffron colour. 
 The fmell of this is no lcffe fweete then in the former. 
 
 6. Narcijfus albus oblongo colice fluto ferotinus , duobus floribus in caule. 
 
 T he late white Daffodill with a long cup, and two flowers on a ftalke. 
 
 f This Daffodill is furely a kinde of it fclfe, although it be fo like the former, abiding 
 conftant in his forme and manner of flowring, vfually bearing without miffing two 
 flowers vpon a ftalke , very like vnto the former great white kinde , that one cannot 
 know any greater matter of difference betweene them, then that it bearerh two flowers 
 on a ftalke : the cuppes whereof are feldome touched with any fhew of Saffron colour 
 on them at the brimmes or edges, as fome of the former haue. 
 
 mer : tliecup ofthis,is as long andyellowas the precedent. ThefmdfttVhereofis very 
 like the former, yet neither of them being fo fweete as thofe that follow. 
 
 3 . Narcijfus albus oblongo calice luteo flerotintts maior. 
 The great lare flowring white Daffodill with a long cup. , 
 
 yellow trunke. 
 
 ■ \ ».». ;■ .u. 
 
 4 . Narcijfus totus pallidus oblongo calk e ferotinus minor. 
 The late pale coloured Daffodill with a long cup. 
 
 G 
 
 The 
 
74 * 
 
 ¥" he garden of pletfant Flowers. 
 
 t 
 
 •4 
 
 The Place. 
 
 f ' » ir*i l « . i'? / iiiuci> ‘.4 v: *■ i ’**) i*. k » , I 
 
 All thefe Daffodils doe grow on the Pyrenatan mourttaines , and' haue 
 been fought out, and brought into thefe parts, by thofe curious or couetous 
 Searchers of thefe delights, that haue made vs partakers of them. 
 
 Ho,l095Bdi5qqot*jflm. «rcc&tww» -*'d > 1. 
 
 ; The Time. 
 
 snh:, : i.o'ov 
 
 The former kindes flower earlier by a fortnight then the later, the one in 
 ■the later end of March, and the other not vntill the middle of April!. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 Thqir names are giuen to euery one ofthem in their feuerall titles, as fitly 
 as may bed agree with their natures ; and therefore I fhall not ncede to 
 fpeake any further of them. 
 
 . ; -M, Q ^ 
 
 Ndrcifliu medioluteus vulgdru. 
 
 The common white Daffodill called Primrofc Peerleffe. 
 
 This Daffodill is fo common in euery Countrey Garden almofl through England 
 that I doubt I fliall but fpend my time in vaine, to deferibe that which is fo well 
 knowne, yet for their fakes that know it not, I will fet downc the defeription of it in 
 this manner. It hath long limber and broad leaues , of a grayifh greene colour a- 
 mong which rifeth vp a dalkc , bearing atthetoppeoutofaskinniehuske fometimes 
 but one flower, but mod commonly two flowers, and feldome three or more but lar- 
 ger for the mod part, then any that beare many flowers vpon a Aalke, of a pale whirifh 
 Creame colour, tending fomewhat neare vnto the colour ofa pale Primrofe (which 
 hath caufed our Countrey Gentlewomen , I thinke, to entitle it Primrofc Peerleffe) 
 with a fmall round flat Crowne, rather then a cup in the middle, of a paleyellow co- 
 lour, witlifomepalechiuesdandingtherein, being of a fweete , but fluffing few : the 
 roote is rcafonable great, and cncreafing more then a better plant. 
 
 Ntreijfut mediocroceus fentinm. The late flowring white Daffodill. 
 
 ThisDaffodill hath muchfmaller leaues, andfhorter then the lad, thedalkealfo 
 rifeth not fo high by much , and bcarcth but one flower thereon , ofa pure white co- 
 lour, made of fix fmall leaues, and fomewhat narrow , ftandingfeuerally one from 
 another, and not fo clofe together as the former, but appearing like a darre : the cup is 
 fmall and round, ofa pale yellow colour, but faffrony about the brims , hauin° fix 
 fmall pale chiues in the middle, the fmell whereof is much fweeter then in the former. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 Thefird is thoughtto grow naturally in England,but I couldneuer heare 
 of his naturali place. I am fure it is plentiful] enough in all Country Gar- 
 dens, fo that wee fcarce giue it place in our more curious parkes. Thefe- 
 cond liueth onely with them that delight in varieties. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 Thefird Daffodill flowrethin the middle time, being neither of the 
 carlied, nor of the lated ; but about the middle, or end of Aprill. Theo- 
 ther flowreth with the dated in May. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 I (hall not neede to troubleyou with further repetitions ofnames they 
 hauing been fet downe in their titles* which are proper to them. 
 
 1 . Ndrcijpu 
 
The (jar den of p leaf ant Flowers, 
 
 i. Th*eo'nmonwhite Daffodil, «r PriiTVof«Peerlefle. 2 Narcijfusmsdta purpureus maximus. The great white purple 
 »m®ed Daffodil!. \ N*rcijfm medio purpHnui pretax. Thtezr\y purnle ringed Daffodil!. 4 Nurcijfus medio pHTpurtnsftclUrns. The ftarrv purple ringed 
 DaflTodill. 1 Narciflui P^/Tcw/Thc fcriUn $ Nardjp.u sAttfrvnnalis mintr, The leffer Winter Dafftf4iil« 7 ^arciffiu vlktnmnaln maitr^ 
 
 The gr<at«r Winter Datfod*lJ. 
 
 G 2 
 
7 6 The (jar den of pleafant Flowers. 
 
 t . Ntnijftu medii purpurem prectx. The early purple ringed Daffodil!. 
 
 This early Daffodill hath many long grayifh greene leaues, fomewhat narrower 
 and ftiffer then the former common white Daffodill, among which rifethvp a lone 
 *aked hollow (hike (as all other Daffodils haue) bearing at the toppe one flower and 
 feldome two, made of fixe long white leaues, (landing clofe together about the (fedke- 
 the cup is yellow, and fo flat, that it might rather bee called a crowne: for it (landcth 
 very clofe to the middle, and very open at the brimmes, circled with a reddifh or pur- 
 ple coloured ring, hauing certame chiues in the middleofit alfo. Thefmell hereof is 
 very fweete, exceeding many other. 
 
 2 . Ntrtijpu medio purpureas ferttinus. The late purple ringed Daffodill. 
 
 The leaues of this Daffodill are alwayes broader then the former early one and 
 fome arc very neare twice as broad : the flower is very like the former, bein® large 
 and his leaues (landing clofe one to the fide of another; the ring likewife’that compaf- 
 feth the yellow coronet, is fometimesof a paler reddifli purple, and fometimes as 
 deepe a red as the former : (o that it differeth not in any other materiali point then 
 that it flowreth not vntill the other is pad and gone. The fent of this is like the for- 
 mer, the roote hereof is greater, as well as the leafe and flower. 
 
 3- Ntrcijfm medio purpurem mtximus. 
 
 Thcgreat white purple ringed Daffodill. 
 
 There is another kinde, whofe flower (as well as leaues and rootes) is larger then 
 any other of this kinde, which onely maketh it a diftimff fort from the other - it flow 
 reth alfo with the later fort of thefe purple ringed Daffodils. 
 
 4 . Nircijus medio purpureus fieSsris. The Harry purple ringed Daffodill. 
 
 This Daffodill hath his leaues a little narrower and greener then the former forts 
 the flower alfo of this hath his fixe white leaues not fo broad, but narrower and lee’ 
 mmg longer then they, not clofing together, but (landing apart one from another ma- 
 king it feeme like a white (larre : it hath alfo a yellow coronet in the middle circled 
 about with purple, like the former. This doth fmell nothing fo fweete as the fir (l but 
 yet hath a good lent. J 
 
 . The Place. 
 
 The firfl , third, and fourth of thefe Daffodils, haue alwayes beene fent 
 vs from Conftantinople among other bulbous rootes, fo that wee know no 
 further of their naturali places. 
 
 ■ The fccond groweth in many places of Europe, both in Germany 
 France, and Italy, as Clufius hath noted. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 The firft flowreth very early in March, euen with thefirft Daffodils The 
 second, third, and fourth, about a moneth after. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 The early and (larre Daffodils, hauebeen fent vs by the Turkilh name of 
 Deueb oh, »i , and Serinctde. But their names, they haue receiucd fince to bee 
 endenizond with vs, are fet downc in their feuerall titles. * 
 
 jitreiffus Perfieus. The Perfian Daffodill. 
 
 This Perfian Daffodill differeth from all other kindes of Daffodils in his manner of 
 
 growing, 
 
77 
 
 T be Cfarden of plea/ant t lowers* 
 
 growing, for it neuer hath leaues and flowers at one time together, wherein it is like 
 vnto a Colchicum, yet in roote and leafe it is a Daffodill. T he rooteis a little black i fh 
 on rheoutlide, fome what like the roote of the Autumne Daffodill, from whence rifeth 
 vp a naked footeftalke , bearing one pale yellow flower, breaking through a thitine 
 skinne, which firft enclofedit, compofedof fix leaues, the three outermoft bcinga 
 little larger then the reft, in the middle of the flower there arc fix final! chiues, and a 
 longer pointcll. the whole flower is ofan vnpleafant Tent : After the flower is paft, 
 come vp the leaues, fometimes before Winter, butmoft vfually after thedeepeof 
 Winter is paft with vs, in the beginning of the yeare, which are broad, long , and of i 
 pale greene colour, likethe leaues of other Daifodils , but nor grecne as the Autumne 
 Daffodill is, and befides they doe a little twine themfelues,as fome of the Pancratium] 
 or baftard Sea Daffodils doe. 
 
 i‘li fOuhs lo ■ ti ■ ■ : c vl tisl 
 
 Narcifus Auturnndii miior.Thc greater Autumne or Winter Daffodill. 
 
 ; : ■■ : f .I 
 
 The greater Autumne Daffodill rifeth vp with three or fourefaire broad and fhort 
 leaues at the firft, bur afterwards grow longer, ofa very deepe or darkegreene colour, 
 in the middle of which rifeth vp a (hort, ftiffe, round footeftalke, bearing one faire yel- 
 low flower on the head thereof (inclofed at the firft inathinne skinne, or huske) and 
 confifteth of fix leaues as the former, with certaine chiues in the middle, as all or moll 
 other Daffodils haue, which paffeth away without fhew of any feed, or head for feed] 
 although vnder the head there is a little greene knot, which peraduenture would bcare 
 feede, if our fliarpe Winters did not hinder it. The roote is great and round, couered 
 oner with a blackifli skinne or coate. 
 
 NtrcifTus Autumn stis minor. Theleffcf Autumrte or Winter Daffodill. 
 
 • 
 
 Clufiusfettethdowne] that the manner of the flowring f of this lefler Daffodill , is 
 more like vnto the Pcrfian Daffodill, then vnto the former greater Autumne kind; but 
 I doc finde that it doth in the fame fort, as the greater kinde, rife vp with hisleaiies firft] 
 and the flowers a while after: the flower of this isleffer, and a little paler then the 
 flower of the greater kinde, but confiding in like fort of file leaues, narrow and fliarpe 
 pointed 5 the greene leaues alfo are almoft of as deepe a greene colour , as the greater 
 kinde, but fmaller and narrower, and a little hollow in the middle. The roote is alfo 
 alfk-e, but Idler , andcoucrcd with a blackifh skinne as the former. This hath fome* 
 times borne blaeke round feede in three fquarc heads. 
 
 ■ ffcoi isrlj bwiJ 
 
 The Place. 
 
 ; 3nrir r:i<J , v,il: ■■ . ?irlurav/:od : '• 'i' - I ;ii , 
 
 The Perfian Daffodill hath beene fent fometimes , blit very feldome, a- 
 mong other rootes from Conftantinople, and it is probable by the name 
 whereby it was fent, that it (hould naturally grow in Perfia. 
 
 T he otter two haue likewife becne fetrt from Conftantindple , andasit 
 is thought, grow in Thracia, or thereabouts. 
 
 , _ .bcunoimnnsd 
 
 The Time. 
 
 wuinbiuool < irmbp-jubjoi'pfboonii.'.vffioif :u i v -i: , 
 
 They all doe flower much about one time, that is , about the bnd of Sep- 
 tember, and in Obfober. : 
 
 The Names. 
 
 fidr rlii'V n : :-5, c tfl;i r > '/t':v t; //<• T oL r < 7 >:iT 
 
 The firfthath been felit by the flame of S trine* At ftrfutu, and thereupon 
 is called N*rctjfus PtrJicus,The Petfian Daffodill. 
 
 The othertwo haub been thought by diuers to be Colchica, and fo haue 
 they calledthemyvpon no other ground, but thattheir flower is in forme 
 and time fomewhat like Colchicum, when as if they had marked them bet* 
 ter, they might plainly difeerne , that in all otherthings they did refemble 
 Daffodils $ bur now the (tames of Ctlehicum lutcum mtus, & minus, is quite 
 
 G ) loft. 
 
 vp: 
 
^ S ‘7 he Cj Arden of pleajant t lowers. 
 
 lull, time hamng worne them out , and they are called by moft Herbarifts 
 
 nowadayes, N miffs* Autumnalis maior dr miner , The greater and the 
 
 Idler Autumne Daffodil I. 
 
 Thus farre hauel proceeded withthofe Daffodils, that hauing broadleaues beare 
 but one fingle flower, or two at the moft vpon a ftalke : And now to proceed with the 
 reft, that haue broad leaues, and beare fingle flowers, but many vpon a ftalke. 
 
 Narcijfm Africanus aurem maior. Thegreat yellow Daffodill of Africa. 
 
 This braue and (lately Daffodill hath many very long and broad leaues of a better 
 grcene colour, then many others that are gray i(h, among which appeareth a ftalke 
 not riling to the height of the leaues , bearing at the toppe out of a skinnie hofe many 
 faire,goodly,and large flowers, to the number of ten or twelue , if the rootc bee well 
 growne,and ftand in a warme place , euery one being larger then any of the French 
 Spani(h,orTurkie Daffodils, that beare many fingle flowers vpon a ftalke, and com- 
 meth neere vnto the bignede of the Englilh Daffodill, called Primrofe Pee’rleffe be- 
 fore deferibed , or that French kinde hereafter deferibed, that beareth the larreft 
 flowers , many vpon a ftalke (which fome would make to bee a kinde of that Englifh 
 Daffodill, but bearing more flowers) and of a faire (hining yellow colour, hauing 
 large, round, and open cups or boules, yellower then the outer leaues • and is of fo ex- 
 ceeding fweetea feut, that it doth rather offend the fenfes by the aboundance thereof- 
 the roote is great, and coucred with a blackilh brownc coatc or skinne. 
 
 Narcijfm Africanus aureus minor. Thelefler Barbary Daffodill. 
 
 This IefTer kinde is very neere the fame with the former , but that it lacketh fome- 
 whflt of his ftatelinefle of height , largenefleof flower and cup (being of a paler yel- 
 low) and beauty of coIour, for it beareth neither of thefc equall vnto the former but 
 ism them all inferiour. .And thus by thispriuatiue, you may vnderftand his pofitiue 
 and that flail be fufficient at this time. 
 
 Narcijfm 'Bjzauhpm totm Utem. Theyellow Turkie Daffodill. 
 
 ; ?% „ y- •_ r_ ‘ - .. .f. ‘ 
 
 Whereas the laft deferibed, came (hort of the beauty of the former , fo this lacketh 
 of that beauty is in the laft ; for this, although it haue very long leaues, and a high 
 ftalke, yet the flowers are neither (o many, as not being abouefoure or flue norfo 
 large, being not much greater then the ordinary French Daffodill hereafter deferi- 
 bed, nor the colour fo faire, buc much paler, and the cu p alfo fmaller • and herein con- 
 fifteth the chiefeft differences betweene this , and both the other , but that the fent of 
 this is alfo weaker. ’! 
 
 The Place. 
 
 riiy< 
 
 The fir ft and the fecond grow in Barbary, about Argier, and Fez, as by 
 therelation of them, that haue brought them into thefe parts, wee haue 
 been enformed. 
 
 The laft hath been often brought from Conftantinople amongotherva- 
 
 rieties of Daffodils , but from whence they receiucd them , I could neuer 
 leatne. si !• 
 
 The Time. , rj ,. i: ip, ,, 
 
 Thefe Daffodils do flower very early, euenwith the firft fort of Daffo- 
 dils, Imeane after they haue been accuftomed vnto oar climate : for often- 
 times vpon their firft bringing puer , they flower in Ianuary or February, 
 efpecially if they be preferued from thefrofts,and kept in any warmeplacej 
 for they are very tender, and will loone perilh, being left abroad. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 ■r.'-l :: ■ ■ -j;i ■ . : 1 
 
 The firft is called by diuers in French, Narcife ^Algiers, and in many 
 > - ; J places 
 
The Cjarden of pleafant Flowers. ' yp 
 
 places of the Low Countries, Narcijfcn van Heck, or Narcijpss Heckius ■ by 
 diuers others Narcijpss Africanus aureus maior, we may call it in Engli(h,The 
 great African Daffodill, or the great Barbary Daffodill,orthegreat yellow 
 Daffodill of Argiers, which youpleafe. 
 
 Thefecond hath no other variation of name, then a diminutiue of the 
 former, as is fet downc in the title. 
 
 The third is no doubt the fame,that Clufius fetteth downe in the twelfth 
 Chapter of his fecond Booke of the Hiftory of more rare plants, andma- 
 keth the fourth fort, which came from Conftantinople, and may alfo be the 
 fame, which he maketh his fifth, which (as he faith) he receiued from Do- 
 lour Simor Touar of Seuillin Spaine. Wee call it, from the place from 
 whence we receiued it, Narcijfus Byzantinus , with the addition of totus lu- 
 teus, to puta difference from other fortsthat come from thence alfo : in En- 
 glilh, The yellow Angle Daffodill of Turkie. 
 
 Narcijpss Sulphureus maior . The greater Lemon coloured Daffodill. 
 
 The greater ofthefe Daffodils, beareththreeorfouregreene and very long leaues, 
 a foote and a halfe long at the lea ft, among which rifeth vp a round, yet crefted ftalke, 
 not fo high as the leaues, bearing fiue or fixe fingle flowers thereon, euery one of them 
 being greater then the ordinary French or Italian Daffodils, with many flowers vpon 
 a ftalke ; ofafaint, but yet pleafant yellow colour at the firft, which afterthey haue 
 been in flower a fortnight or thereabouts, change into a deeper, or more fullen yellow 
 colour : the cup in the middle is likewife larger, then in thofe formerly named, and of 
 a deeper yellow colour then the outer leaues, hauing onely three chiues within it. The 
 fmell is very pleafant. 
 
 Narcijpss Sulphureus minor. The leffer Lemon coloured Daffodill. 
 
 This leffer Daffodill hath broader and fhorter leaues then the former, of the colour 
 of other Daffodils, and not greene like the former : the ftalke of this rifeth vp higher 
 then the leaues, bearing foureor fiue flowers vpon (horter footeftalkes.and no bigger 
 then the French Daffodill, of a pale yellow, which moft doe calla Brimftone colour, 
 the cup or rather cro wne in the middle, is fmall, and broad open,of a little deeper yel- 
 low, hauing many chiues within it, and is as it were fprinkledouerwithakindeof 
 mealineffc. The fmell of this is not full fo pleafant as the former. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 Both thefe haue been gathered on the Py renatan Mountaines , arid both 
 likewife haue been fent out of Italy. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 They both flower in the middle time ofthe Daffodils flowring, that is, in 
 Aprill. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 i- ■ V V,.,.’ '•.! .z' ■: . :i :->il jo :i. t 
 
 They haue their Latine names expreffed in theirtitles, and fo are their 
 Englifh alfo, if you pleafe fo to let them paffe • or elfe according to the La- 
 tine, you may call them. The greater and the leffer Brimftone coloured 
 Daffodils } fome haue called them Narcijpss Italicus , but the Italians them* 
 felues haue fent them by the name of Narcijfo Solfarigno , 
 
 Narcijpss totus alius polyanthus. The milke white Daffodill many vpon a ftalke. 
 
 The leaues of this Daffodill are of ameanefize, both for length and breadth , yet 
 fOmcwhat greener then in the ordinary forts, that haue fbmc whiteneffe in them : the 
 
 flowers 
 
8o 7 he (jar den of pleafant blowers. 
 
 flowers are many vpon the ftalke,asfmall for the mod partes any ofthefe kindes that 
 i beare many together, being wholly ofamilke, or rather fnow white colour, both the 
 cuppe, which isfmall,and the outer leaues that compaffe it; after which com-fmall 
 heads, wherein is contained round blacke feeders all other Daffodils doe , although 
 fome greater, and others Idler, according ro the proportion of the plants : the rooters 
 couered ouer with a blackifh skinne or coate - 5 the fmell is very fweete. 
 
 There are two other forts moreofthis kinde , the differences whereof are, that the 
 one hath his leaues fomewhat broader, and the flowers greater then the former .- And 
 the other fmaller leaues and flowers alfo, whofe cups being fmall,are neuer fecne fully 
 open, but as it were halfe clofed at the brimmes. * 
 
 Ntrtijjw Utifolius totus elbus, mediocri culicereflcxue. 
 
 The milke white DafFodill with the great cup. 
 
 There is yet another fort ofthefe milke white Daffodils , whofe leaues are as broad 
 as any of the former , and whofe cup in the middle of the flower , is fomewhat larger 
 then in any of the lefferforts, and Idler then in the greater kinde : but the leaues of the 
 flowers doe a little turnc themfelues vp wards, which makcrh a chiefe difference. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 Thefe Daffodils grow in Spaine, from whence I receiued many that 
 flourifhed a while, but perifhed by fome fierce cold Winters : they likewife 
 grow in France, from whence many alfo hauc been brought vnto vs. They 
 haue likewife been fentfromConflantinoplc to vs, among other kindes of 
 Daffodils. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 They that come from Conftantinople, for themoft part doe flower 
 earlier then the other, euen afterthey are accuftomrd to our ayre. Some of 
 them flower notwithftanding in the end of March, the reft in Aprill. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 They are vfually called NerciJJiu totus Mus polytntbos, adding thereunto 
 the differences of maior, medius, and minor , that is, The milke white Daffo- 
 dil!, the greater, the middle, and the Idler; for fo fome doe diftinguifh 
 them. The laft, for diftinflion, hath his name in his title fufBcient to C x- 
 prefle him. 
 
 l. Ntrcijfus Ntrbonenfis.ftue medio luteus precox. 
 
 The early French DafFodill. 
 
 The leaues of this DafFodill, fpring vpout of the ground a moneth or two fome- 
 times before the other of this kinde, that follow; being alfo fhortpr,and narrower- 
 the ff alke likewife is not very high, bearing diuers flowers at the top, breaking through 
 a thinne skinne, as is vfuall with all the Daffodils , eueiy one whereof is fmall , confi - 
 fling of fix white leaues, and a fraall yellow cup in the middle, which is of a prettic 
 fmall fent, nothing fo ftrongas many others : the rootc is great and round , and fcl- 
 dome parteth into of-fets, euen as all the other that follow, bearing many Angle flow- 
 ers, doe. o j b 
 
 i.Ntrciffus Ner boners [ts vulgeris. The ordinary French DafFodill. 
 
 . .. ..... .• ,, ; , .... • 
 
 This DafFodill hath long and broad greene leaues, a litrle hollowifh in themiddle 
 and edged on both fides ; the ftalke is a foote anda halfe high, bearing at the roppe dil 
 uers flowers, fomewhat larger then the former, conflfting of fix white leaues fome- 
 what round ; the cup isyellow in themiddle, fmali and round , like vnto an Acorne 
 cuppe, or a little fuller in the middle : this is the forme of thatfort which wasfirft 
 
 brought 
 
C I be (.jar den of p leaf ant blowers 
 
 x NdreifiiS Africanus aureus maior. The grrac yellow Dafibdill of Africa, i NaycifJ'us Africanus luteus minor.The letter 
 yclW DiffodiH of Africa, $ Narcijjus Narbonenfts medio luteus. The French Daffodill. 4 Narcifus Pifanus, vet totus albus. 
 The Italian Daffodil!, or the all white Daffodill. j NtrciJJus JA utt/tot, MftiffarC fcii DaflWiHi < Warciffus An fit us pl)anibos t 
 The great Engliftj Daffodill. 
 
8x 
 
 The (garden of pie a f ant Flowers. 
 
 brought vnto vs : But fincc there is found out fome,whofe cup is (hortcr, others flat- 
 ter, fome of a paler, others of a deeper yellow colour, and fome that haue their cuppc 
 longer then the reft. The rootes of them all arc coucred with a blackiih skin or coatc. 
 
 full as long, and fpringfooncr out of the ground, yctnotfoearlyasthefirftof thefe 
 kindest the ftalke hereof is flatter, and rifeth higher , bearing foute orfiue flowers, 
 much larger then any of this kinde ; for eucry one of them doth equall the Englifh 
 Daffodill, before deferibed, but whiter then it, and the yellow cup larger, and more 
 open then in any of the reft. Therootcofthisisnotfogrear,or round, as theforracr, 
 but is more plentiful! in of-fets, then any other of thefe French, or Italian kindes. 
 
 This Italian Daffodill hath hisleauesas large, or larger then the fecond French 
 Daffodill, and his ftalke fomewhat higher, bearing many white flowers, very like vn- 
 to the common French Daffodill, but fomewhat larger alfo ; and the yellow cup ir. the 
 middle like wife is larger, and rounder, then is vfually feen in any of the French kinds, 
 except the laft with the greateft flowers. 
 
 This French Daffodill hathdiuersleauesof a grayifh greene colour, not fo broad 
 or long as the laft recited Daffodill, butcemming neerer vnto the fccond French 
 kinde, the flowers likewife are white, and many vpon a ftalke , like thereunto, but the 
 yellow cup is fomewhat large* and circled with a Saffron like brimme or edge , which 
 maketh thechicfeft difference. 
 
 i 
 
 6. Ntrcijfm medsecraceus alter, dirim Muff art, Muffart his Daffodill. 
 
 The affinity between this & the laft, (for it is not the fame to be expreffed vnder one 
 title) hath made me ioyne it next vnto it, yetbecaufe it hath a notable difference, it 
 deferueth a place by himfelfe. The leaues are large and long, and the flowers, being 
 white, are larger alfo then in any other, except the greateft, but the cup hereof is fmall 
 and (horr, rather feeming a coronet then a cup, of a deepe Saffron colour allabout the 
 brimmes or edges. 
 
 This Daffodill hath his leaues not much broader or longer, then the French kinde 
 with great flowers, before deferibed, the ftalke with flowers rifeth not fully fo high as 
 it, bearing many flowers thereon, not altogether fo white, yet whiter then the former 
 Englifh Daffodill , called Primrofe Peerleffe, but nothing fo large, and with fhort, 
 broad, and almoft round leaues, (landing clofe one vnto another : the yellow cup in 
 the fniddle is bowle fafhion, being fomewhat deeper then in any of the former kinds, 
 but not much greater : the fmell hereof is very lweeteandpleafant. 
 
 The rooteas well as the leaues ofthis Daffodill, are greater, larger, broader, and 
 longer then in any other of the Former French , or Italian kindes ; the ftalke is as high 
 as any ofthem, bearingat thetoppefiueorfixewhiteflowers, (landing open fpread 
 like a ftarre, and not clofe together, euety one whereof is large, and round pointed, 
 
 3. Narcijfits Ntrbanenfts maior amplo flore. 
 The French Daffodill with great flowers. 
 
 The leauesof this Daffodill arefomewhat like vnto the laft, but not fobroad, yet 
 
 4. Nor riff us piftnus. The Italian Daffodill. 
 
 !l 
 
 y . Narcifus me drier teens polyant hos. 
 
 The French Daffodill with Saffron coloured cups. 
 
 7 .Ntrcijfut Aoglicus poljtntbas. The great Englifh Daffodill. 
 
 8. Narriffus Ntrbonenfuftae media luteus ferotinas malar. 
 The greater late flowring French Daffodill. 
 
 the 
 
T he garden of plea) ant blowers, 
 
 the cup is yellow, frnall and (hort,yet not lying flat to the flower, but a little (landing 
 out with fome threads in the middle, as all the former Daffodils haue. Thisisnotfo 
 fweeteas the earlier kindes. 
 
 p. Nirciffks meiioluttui alter feretinus calice licui. 
 
 The lefler late flowring French DafFodill. 
 
 This Daffodill is of the fame kinde with the lad defcribed,the onely difference is, 
 that it is lefler, and the yellow cuppe in the middle of the flower, is fomewhat (horter 
 then the former, although the former be (horter then many others, otherwise it diffe- 
 reth not, no not in time ; for it flo wreth late as the former doth. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 Thefe Daffodils haue been brought vs from diuers places : The firft and 
 fecond grow naturally in many places of Spaine, that are open to the Sea : 
 they grow likewife about Mompelier,and thofe parts in France.T hey haue 
 beenlikewife fentamong many other fortsof Daffodils from Conftantino- 
 ple, fo that I may thinke,they grow in fome places neere thereunto. 
 
 The fourth groweth plentifully in Italy , about Pifa in T ufcane , from 
 whence we haue had plants to furnifh our Gardens. 
 
 The feuenth is accounted beyond Sea to be naturali of our Country, but 
 1 know not any with vs that haue it, but they haue had it from them. 
 
 Thercft haue been brought at diuers times, but wee know no further of 
 their natutall places. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 The firft flowreth earlier then any of the reft byamoneth, euen in the 
 beginning of March, or earlier, if the weather be milde.The other in Aprill, 
 fome a little before or after another. ThelatekindsflowernotvntillMay. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 There can be no more faid of the names ofany of them, then hath beene 
 fet out i n their titles ; for they diftinguifh euery fort as fitly as we can : onely 
 fome doe call the firft two lorts,by the name of Deitax Ntrbonenfis. 
 
 After all thefe Daffodils, that hauing broad leaues beare (ingle flo wers, either one or 
 many vpon a ftalke, I (hall now goe onto fet forth thofe broad leafed Daffodils, that 
 carry double flowers, either one or many vpon a ftalke together , in the fame order 
 that we haue vfed before. 
 
 1 1 . Narc'tjjut tlbus multiflex. The double white Daflfodill. 
 
 The leaues of this DafFodill are not Very broad, but rather of a meane fize, being of 
 the fame largenefle with the leaues of the purple ringed DafFodill, the ftalke rifeth vp 
 to be a foote and a halfe high, bearing out of a thinne white skinne or hofe, one flower 
 and no more, confiding of many leaues , of a faire white colour , the flower is larger 
 then any other double white Daffodill, hauing euery leafe, efpeeially the outermoft, 
 as large almoft as any leafe of the Angle Daffodill with the yellow cup, or purple ring. 
 Sometimes it happeneth, that the flower is very little double , and almoft (ingle , but 
 that is either in a bad ground , or for that it hath ftood long in a place without remo- 
 uing ; for then it hath (uch a great encreafe of rootes about it, that it drawetb a way in- 
 to many parts, the nourifhmenr that (hould be for a few : but if you doe tranfplant it, 
 taking away the of- fets, and fet his rootes (ingle, it will thenthriue, and beate his 
 flower as goodly and doublets 1 haue before deferibed it : and is very fweete. 
 
 2. Narcijfus mediepurpureus multiplex.’Xb.e double purple ringed Daffodill. 
 
 There is little difference in the leaues of this kinde, from the leaues of the (ingle pur- 
 
 pie 
 
84 . The (jar den of pleafant Flowers. 
 
 pie ringed Daffodill 5 for it is probable it is ofthe famekindc, but by naturesgift (and 
 not by any humane art) made more plentiful], which abideth conflant and hath not 
 that dalliance, which oftentimes nature fheweth, to recreate the fenfes of men for the 
 prefent,and appeareth not againe in thefame forme : thechiefeft difference is that the 
 Sower (being but fometimes one on a ftalke, and fometimes two) confiftethof fix 
 white outer lea ues, as large as the leaues of the Angle kindc,hauing many fmall yellow 
 peeces, edged with purple circles round about them, inftcad of a cup . and in the mid- 
 dle of thefc peeces, {land other fix white leaues, leffer then the former , and a yellow 
 cup edged with a purple circle likewife, parted into peeces, and they comprehend a 
 few other white leaues, fmaller then any of the other , hauing among them fome bro- 
 ken peeces ofthe cup, with a few cbiues alfo in the middle of the flower. The flower 
 is very fweete. 
 
 There is of this kinde another , whofe flower hath not fo plaine a diftindlion of a 
 triple rowe of leaues in it : but the whole flower is confufedly fet together rhe’outer 
 leaues being not fo large, and the inner leaues larger then the former ; the broken yel- 
 low cuppe, which is tipt with purple, running diuerfly among the leaues -fo that it 
 fire weth a fairer, and more double flower then the former, as it is indeed. J 
 
 3 . Ntrcijftu medioluteus corona duplici. 1 , 
 
 The Turkie Daffodill with a double crowne. 
 
 This Daffodill hath three or foure leaues, as large and longalmoft, as the great 
 double Daffodill ofConftantinople next following hath : the ftalke likewife is very 
 neerc as great, but as high altogether , bearing at the toppe foure or fiuc flowers the 
 leaues whereof are as large, as ofthe firft or fecond kinde of French Daffodils before 
 deferibed, but not altogether of fo pure a white colour; and being fix in number flan ; 
 like the former fingle French Daffodils,but that the yellow cup in the middle of this is 
 thicke and double, or as it were crumpled together, not (landing very high to be con- 
 fpicuous , but abiding lowe aud fhort , fo that it is not prefently marked , vnlefieone 
 looke vpon it precifely • yet is exceeding fweete. The roote is like vnto the roote of 
 the purple ringed Daffodill, or fomevvhat bigger. 
 
 4 . Ntrcijfut Chalcedonicta flore plemalho polyanthus. 
 
 The double white Daffodill of Conftantinople. 
 
 This beautifull and goodly Daffodill (wherewith all Florifts greatly defife to bee 
 acquainted , as well for the beauty ofhis double flowers , as alfo for his fuperaboun- 
 ding fweete fmell, one ftalke with flowers being inftead of a nofegay) hath many very 
 broad, and very Jong leaues , fomewhat greener then gray , among which rifeth vp a 
 ftrong round ftalke, being fometimes afinoft flat, and ribbed, bearing foure or fiue or 
 
 morewhiteflowersatthctoppe,euery one beingvery great, large, anddouble, the 
 leaues being confufedly fet together, hauing little peeces of a yellow cuprunninga- 
 mongthem, without any drew of that purple ring that is in the former, andfalla- 
 way without bearing feed, euen as all, or moft other double flowers doe: the fmell 
 isfo exceeding fweet and ftrong, that it willfoone offend the fenfes of any, that 
 
 mail lmcll much vnto it : the roote is great and thicke, couered with a blackifh 
 coate. 
 
 1 . Nareifius Chalcedonicus fimbriatus multiplex pclyanthos. 
 
 The great double purple ringed Daffodill of Conftantinopie. 
 
 This Daffodill differethvery little or nothing in l'eafe from the former theonelv 
 difference is in the flowers, which although they bee double , and beare many vpon a 
 ftalke like vnto them, yet this hath the peeces ef the yellow cuppes tipt with purple 
 as if they were Aired or flattered among the whiteleaues, whereas the other hath only 
 
 asXie°odKT ChOUt “ y ^ ° f pUrplc tips Vp0n them ! tte ripdl of thit is as ftrong 
 
 <?. Nareijfm 
 
8 6 
 
 be (jar den of plea/ant Flowers. 
 
 Ntrcifftu Cyprias fle re pleno luteo polyonthos. 
 
 The double yellow Daffodill of Cyprus. 
 
 The leaues of this Daffodill are almoft as broad and long as the former, the ftalke’is 
 a foot high and more,bearing foure or fiue flowers on the top, euery one very double, 
 and of a fine pale yellow colour, of a ftrong heady fent. The root of this is alfo like the 
 former. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 The firft of thefe Daffodils, was firft brought into England by M r . Iohn 
 deFranqueuille the elder, who gathered it in his owne Countrey of Cam- 
 bray, where it groweth wilde,from whofefonne,MMohn de Franqueuille, 
 now liuing, we all haue had it. The reft haue come from Conftantinople at 
 fcuerall times; and thelaft is thought to come from Cyprus. Wee haue it 
 credibly affirmed alfo, that it groweth in Barbary about Fez and Argiers. 
 Some of the double white kindcs grow in Candy , andabout Aleppo alfo. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 TheTurkiekiodesdoeforthemoft part all flower early, in the end of 
 March, or beginning of Aprill at the furtheft , and the firft double, about 
 the middle or end of Aprill. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 All thefe Daffodils, except the firft, haue had diuers Turkifh names fet 
 vpon the packets, wherein they haue been fent, but there is fmall regard of 
 certainty to be expe&ed from them; for that the name Serine tie , without 
 any more addition, which is a Angle Daffodill , hath beeneimpofed vpon 
 that parcell of rootes, that haue borne moft of them double flowers of di- 
 uers forts ; and the name Serincade Cotamer Lie , which fignifieth a double 
 flowred Daffodill, hath had many fingle white flowers, with yellow cups, 
 andfomewhofe flowers haue been wholly white, cuppe and all, and fome 
 purple ringed, and double alfo among them. Their names, whereby they 
 are knowne and called with vs, are, as fitly as may be,impofed in their titles: 
 And this I hope fhall fuffice, to haue fpoken of thefe forts of Daffodils. 
 
 Hauing finifhed the difeourfe of the former fort ofjjroad leafed Daffodils, it is fit t« 
 proceede to the next , which are <^fngust if olios Nurcijfos , thofe Daffodils that haue 
 narrow leaues, and firft to fet do wnethofe that bearefingle flowers, whether oneor 
 many flowers vpon a ftalke,and then thofe that bcare double flowers in the fame man- 
 ner. 
 
 Ntrciffus Virginem. The Virginia Daffodill. 
 
 This plant I thought fitteftto place herein the beginning ofthis clafsis , not finding 
 where better to (hroud it. It hath two or three long, and very narrow leaues, as greene 
 as the leaues of the great LeucoiumbuUo/um, and fhining withall, which grow fome- 
 times reddifh, cfpecially at the edges : the ftalke rifeth vp afpanne high , bearing one 
 flower and no more on the head thereof, (landing vpright like a little Lilly or Tulipa, 
 made offix leaues, wholly white, both within and without, except that at the bottome 
 next to the ftalke, and a little on the backfide of the three outer leaues , it hath a fmall 
 dafh or (hew of a reddifh purple colour: it hath in the middle a fewchiues, (landing 
 about a fmall head pointed ; which head groweth to bee fmall and long, containing 
 fmall blackifh flat feede: the roote is fmall, long, and round, a little blackifh on the 
 outfidc, and white on the infide. 
 
 The 
 
The (jar den of pleaf ant Flowers. 
 
 87 
 
 The Place. 
 
 This bulbous plant was brought vs from Virginia , where they grow a- 
 boundantly ; but they hardly thriuc and abide in our Gardens to beare 
 flowers. 
 
 Lilitnarcljfus yirgintinus, of the likeneffc of the flower to a Lilly , and the 
 leaues and roote to a Daffodill. Wee for breuity doe call it Ntrc'ijfus virgi- 
 neus, that is, The Daffodill of Virginia, or elfe you may call it according to 
 the former Latine name. The Lilly Daffodill of Virginia, which you will j 
 for both names may feme well to expreffe the plant. 
 
 ' This Daffodill hath three or foure narrow, long, and very greene leaues , afoote 
 long for the mod part : the ftalke rifeth not vp fo high as the leaues, whereon ftandeth 
 one flower, not altogether fo great as the late flowring Daffodill , with a long cuppe, 
 deferibed before among the broad leafed ones , which confiftcth of fix pale coloured 
 leaues, not pure white, but hauing a wafh of light yellow among the white -.the cuppe 
 in the middle is round and long , yet not fo long as to bee accounted a baft ard Daffo- 
 dill, within which isamiddlepointell, compafled with fixe hiues , hauingyellow 
 mealy pendents. 
 
 PyrenaranMountaines,from whence they hauebeene brought vnto vs, to 
 furnifh our Gardens. 
 
 thatis, in the beginning of March, ifthetimebemilde, which the othcE 
 
 This fmall Daffodill hath foure or fiue narrow leaues about a fpanne long , among 
 which rifeth vp a ftalke fome nine inches high , bearing at the toppe one fmall white 
 flower, made of fix leaues, with a fmall yellow cup in the middle, (had owed ouerat 
 rhebrimmes with a Saffron colour : the roote is fmall, round, and little long withallj 
 couered with a blackilh skinne or coate. 
 
 l.NtrciJfus minimus mediopurpureus. The leaf! purple ringed Daffodill. 
 
 * This little Daffodill hath fmall narrow leaueSj fhorter by much then any of the pur- 
 ple ringed Daffodils, before deferibed : the ftalke and flower keepe an equall propor- 
 tion to the reft of the plant, being in forme and colour of the flower, like vnto the 
 
 The Time. 
 
 It flo wreth in May , and feldome before* 
 
 •*' ; 1 ,, r , , *w|f - . 1 
 
 The Names. 
 
 The Indians in Virginia do call it e-rf tumufeo , fome among vs do call it 
 
 Nstrciffus anguftiftlius tlbidus frsecox oblonge culice. 
 
 The early white narrow leafed Daffodill with a long cup. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 This Daffodill groweth with the other forts of broad leafed ones, on the 
 
 The Time. 
 
 It flowreth early , a rtloneth before the other forts of the fame fafhion. 
 
 H a 
 
88 The Cfarden of plea/ ant Flowers. 
 
 Stacrc Daffodill before recited , but vnlike in the greatnefle : this alfo is to bee obfer- 
 ued, that the purple colour thatcirclcth the brimmcs of thecuppe, is fo fmall, that 
 fometimes itis not well perceiued. 
 
 4. N&rcijfu minimus Iuncifolij flare. The leaft Daffodill ofall. 
 
 This leaft DafFodill hath two or three whitiih greene leaues, narrower then the two 
 laft recited Daffodils, and (horter by halfe, being not aboue two or three inches long, 
 
 1 the ftalke likewife is not aboue three or foure inches high,bearing one (ingle flower at 
 thetoppe, fomewhat bigger then the fmalnefle of the plant fhould feeme to beare, 
 very like vnto the leaft Rufh DafFodill, and of the fame bigneffe , or rather fomewhat 
 bigger, being of a faint yellow colour, both leaues, and cup, or crowne, (if you pleafe 
 fo to call it) ; for the middle part is fpread very much, euen to the middle of the leaues 
 almoft,atid lyeth flat open vpon the flower : the roote is fmall, euen the fmalleft of any 
 DafFodill, and couercd with ablackifhskinne or coate. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 The firft of thefe Daffodils hauebeene brought vs from the Pyrentean 
 Mountaines, among a number of other rare plants, and the laft by a French 
 man, called Francis le V eau, the honefteft roote-gatherer that euer came o- 
 uer to vs. T he fecond was fent to M'.Iohn de Franqueuille, before remem- 
 bred, who imparted it to mee, as hee hath done many other good things; 
 but his naturali place wee know not. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 They all flower about the latter end of Aprill. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 Being brought without names, wee haue giuenthem their names accor- 
 ding to their face and fafhion, as they are fet downe in their titles. 
 
 NarciJJus Autumnalis miner albus. The little white Autamne DafFodill. 
 
 This little Autumne DafFodill rifeth with his flowers firft out of the ground, without 
 any leaues at all. It fpringeth vp with one or two ftalkesabour a finger long, euery one 
 bearing out of a fmall huske one fmall white flower, laid open abroad like vnto the 
 Starre white DafFodill, before fpoken of: in the nj^ldlcof the flower is a fmall yel- 
 low cup of a meane fize, and after the flower is paftffhere commeth in the fame place 
 a fmall head, containing fmall, round, blacke feede, like vnto the Autumne Hyacinth: 
 the leaues come vp after the feede is ripe and gone, being fmalland narrow, not much 
 bigger then the Autumne Hyacinth : the roote is fmall and biackifh on the outfide. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 This DafFodill groweth in Spaine, where Clufius faw it , and brought it 
 into thefe parts. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 It flowreth in the beginning of Autumne, and his feede is ripe in the end 
 of O&ober in thofe hot Countries, but in ours it will fcarce abide to fhew a 
 flower. 
 
 The Names. « 
 
 The Spaniards, as Clufius reporteth, call it Ttnada, and he vpon the fight 
 
 thereof, 
 
The (jar den of plea/ant blowers. 
 
 8j? 
 
 t Nareijtus'Virfinmi.The Virginian Daftodill- 3 Nttrcifa ■ ■ minimus luneifolij fiorr. T fie 'ea ft DafTodillofall. t JNarciJPm ^4utnr*ri*l it minor allmt. 
 The litti» white Ant'imneDifFodill. 4 ‘Hgrtifut albw ^ui^mnJijMeJi^JiUrm.fha white Autamne Daffodill with a fallen crown. 5 Narcitfm 
 JuneifeUtti T»*xir7tiu ampts edict fflhs grsac htn^uitfa with cfac Urge tlflaweror cup. 6 Narciflliftitw allnufltr* pltotVjrginianw, The double wbxts 
 Daftedill of Virginia. 
 
po 
 
 The (jar den of pleafant blowers. 
 
 thereof j NarciJJ w Autumnalts minor albus and wee in Englifh therenfb-r 
 The little white Autumne Daffodill. g “ thereafter, 
 
 Ntrciflits albut Autumnalis medio ob folet us. 
 
 The white Autumne Daffodill with a fullen crowne. 
 
 This Autumne Daffodill hath twoorthree leaues at the moft, and very narrow fo 
 that fomedoe reckon it among the Rulh Daffodils, being fomewhat broad at the bot 
 tome, and more pointed at the toppe,betweene thefe lcaues commeth vp the (hike 
 bearing vfually two flowers and no more at thetoppe, made of fixe white leaues a 
 peece pointed and not round : the cup is fmall and round, like vnto the cup or crowne 
 of the leaf! Rulh Daffodill, of a yellow colour at the bottome, but toward the edge of 
 a dunne or fullen colour. ° cor 
 
 N arc iff ts angnfiifoliiu lutem femper florens Coccini. 
 
 The yellow Italian Daffodill of Caccini. 
 
 This Daffodill beareth a number of fmall, long, narrow, and very greene leaues 
 broader then the leaues of any Rulh Daffodill, among which rife vp diuers (hikes 
 bearing at the head two or three flowers a peece, each of them being fmall and yellow 
 the cup or crowne is fmall alfo, of a deeper yellow then the flowerf T he Nobleman of 
 Florence, who farft fent this plant to Chriftian Porret at Leyden, after the death of Ca 
 rolus Clulius, writeththat eueryfblke doth beare with him more Hereof flower*' 
 then are formerly fet do wne, and thatitneuerceafeth to beare flowers, but that after 
 
 SSr 0 pkces fta k£S HaUC bee " “ fl0VVer t0gCthCr ’ andare P aft » fhcrefuceced other S 
 
 The Place. 
 
 to vs* 16 * S natU1 a11 of s P ain » the naturali place of the other is not known 
 
 The Time. 
 
 The times i of the flowring, are fet downebothin the title and in the de- 
 fcnptions ; the one to be in Autumne, the other to be all the Summer long. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 f J^tine names arc impofed on them, as are fitted: for them, and the 
 laft by that honourable man that fent it, which is moft fit to continue and 
 nottobeechanged. Butwee to let it beeknowne by an Enghfl'name to 
 Enghlh people, haue entituled it, Theyellow Italian Daffodill of Caccini- 
 content ^ can ® lue a more pro?er name , 1 lhall bee therewith right well 
 
 Narcifliu angufltfolius flute Tuncifoliut maximus amplo calice. 
 
 The great Iunquilia with the large flower or cup. 
 
 nP ^ ,th ° th ‘ S Daffod , iI , 1 im P 0rt f h b y bis name, not to be of this family, but of the 
 
 nextjConfidenngit is fo like vnto them , but bigger; yet I haue thoughtgood to place 
 
 u h K Cnd f° f ^ ? arrow lcafcd DafFodlls ’ as b '‘ng indifferent, whether it 
 fliould bee referred to this or to that. For this carrieth diuers long greene leaue 
 like vnto the other Rulh Daffodils, but thicker and broader, fo thatit may S 
 out any great errour, bee reckoned among thefe narrow leafed Daffodils , bearing at 
 thetoppe two or three very fame large flowers, with a large and more open cuope 
 then in any other of the Rulh Daffodils, both of them of a faire yellow colour P yet 
 
 hmh 1 PPC 31 n, C dC ? er th u n t1C fl0 ' Ver ’ and 3 little crumpled about the edges ’a^d 
 hath a pretty (harpe fent: the roote is greater and longer then the other Ruff D’affo 
 dill, and couered likewife with a blackiff coate. tto ' 
 
 The 
 
The (garden of pleafmt Flowers, 
 
 91 
 
 The Place. 
 
 We haue this ia Gardens oncly, and haue not heard of his naturali place. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 It flowreth in Aprill. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 I leaue it indifferent, as I faid, whetheryou will call it Ntrciffus tnouflifc- 
 lius, or inneiftlim mtgno calite, or maximus , becaufeitischegreateftof all 
 the reft of that kinde. 
 
 fUreiflus tatas tlbns flare plena rirginitnas. 
 
 T he double white Daffodill of Virginia. 
 
 The rooteofthis Daffodill, is very like vnto the former Angle Virginia Daffodill, 
 fet forth in the firft place of this ranke of narrow leafed Daffodils , but that it is a little 
 bigger and rounder, being a little long withall, and blackifh alfo on theoutfide, as 
 that is : from whence rifeth vp two leaues, fomewhat broader then the former : but of 
 alikegreenneffe : the ftalke rifeth vp betweene thefe two leaues, about a fpan high, or 
 not much higher, bearing one faire double fnow white flower, Very like in the fafhion 
 vnto the pale yellow double Daffodill, or baftard Daffodill of Robinus, hereafter de- 
 ferred : For it is in the like manner laid open flat, and c'ompofed of fix rowes of 
 leaues, cueryro we lying in order iuft oppofite,orone before another, whereof thofe 
 fix leaues that make the firft or outermoft courfe, are thegreateft,and all the reft lying, 
 aslfaid, onevponor before another, arc euery rowe f mailer then others fromthe 
 middle of this flower, thrufteth forth a fmall long pointed forkeorhornc, white as 
 the flower is. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 The place is named to be Virginia, but in what partitis not known to vs.' 
 
 The Time. ,;w>- 
 
 It flowreth in theend of Aprill. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 It may be that this doth grow among the former Angle kinde,and called 
 by the fame name Attamufco, for that the plant is not much differing , yet 
 hereof I am not certaine : But we, from the forme and countenance of the 
 plant, doe call it Ntrciffus rirginUnus , The Virginian Daffodill, andbe- 
 caufe it beareth a double flower, it hath the title of double added vnto it. 
 
 The third order of Daffodils, I faid in the beginning, was of lancif alias, Rufh Daffo- 
 dils, which are now next to be entreated of, I (hall herein keepe the fame order I vfed 
 in the former ; but bccaufe I finde none of this order, that beare but one flower vpon a 
 ft tike, I muft begin with thofe that bcare many. 
 
 x.NsrciJJiu Iumiftl'm albas.The. white Iunquilia. r' 
 
 This white Ru(h Daffodill hath fmall long leaues, a little broader, and of a whi- 
 ter greene colour then the ordinary yellow Rufli Daffodils : the ftalke rifeth vp 
 halle a foote high or more, bearing two or three fmall white flowers vpon a 
 ftalke , yet fomewhat bigger then the common yellow Rufh Daffodill , hauing a 
 fmall round cuppe in the middle, whife alfo as the leaues are. Thefeedc is finali» 
 
 blacke» 
 
5 » 
 
 7 be (jar den of pleafant Flowers. 
 
 blacke, and round, as other feedes of Daffodils are : the roote is fmall and round co- 
 uered with a blackifh coate. * 
 
 tiarcifm Iuncifolius albus magni calice. The white Iunquilia with a great cup. 
 
 There is of this kinde another fort, that hath the cup in the middle of the flower a 
 little larger then the other, but in all other things alike. 
 
 2. Narcijpu lanctfolim flore alba reflex». 
 
 The white turning Iunquilia, or Rufh Daffodill. 
 
 This turning white Daffodill hath foure or fiue long greene leaues, yet fhorrer and 
 broader then the ordinary yellow Iunquilia, and fully as greene alfo, from among 
 which rifethvp a flendcr greene ftalke, a foote high, bearing outof a thinneskinnie 
 huske , three or foure, or more fnow white flowers , (landing vpon long greene foot- 
 ftalkes, euery flower hanging downe his head, and turning vp his fix narrow and long 
 leaues , enen to the very foot-ftalke againe : from the middle of the flower hangeth 
 downe a long round cuppe, as white as the leaues , within which are contained three 
 fmall white chiues, tipt with yellow, and a fmall long pointcll , thru fling out beyond 
 the brimmes of the cup ; after the flowers are part, there come vp in their places fmall 
 three fquare heads, wherein is contained very fmall, round, and blackefhining feede : 
 the roote is fmall, round, andalittle long withall, couered withablackifh browno 
 coate or skin. The flower is quite without any good fent, or indeed rather none at all. 
 
 3 . Narcijpu Iunciftlius flort lot tore flex*. 
 
 The yellow turning Iunquilia, or Rufh Daffodill. 
 
 r; v ' * - - ■' ' t 
 
 The leaues of this Rufh Daffodill are greater and longer then the former , and of a 
 paler greene colour : the ftalke rileth fomewhat higher, bearing two or three flowers 
 thereon wholly of a gold yellow colour, both the cuppe and the leaues that turnevp 
 againe. r 
 
 4. N arc's Jus Iuncifolius calice albo reflexu felijs lutei*. 
 
 The yellow turning Iunquilia with a white cup. 
 
 This Daffodill hath his long rufh-like leaues (landing vprightas the former, be- 
 tweene which rifeth vp a greene ftalke , about a foote high or more bearing two or 
 three flowers thereon, whofe turning leaues areof a faircpaleyellow, and the cuppe 
 pale white, and not fo purea white as the former. 
 
 j . Narcijpu iunciftlius calice luteo reflexa pip albida. 
 
 The white turning Iunquilia with a yellow cup. 
 
 Asthelaft had the leaues ofthe flower thatturnevp againe yellow, andthecuppe 
 whitifh, fo this hath contrariwife the turning leaues of a whitifb yellow, and the long 
 cup y ello wer, clfe in his long green leaues, or any other thing, there is fmall difference. 
 
 6 .Narci[fus lunciftlitu luteus magno calice. 
 
 T he Iunquilia, or Rufh Daffodill with a great cup. 
 
 This Rufh Daffodill hath bigger leaues, and longer then the ordinary yellow Rufh 
 Daffodill, being a little flat on the one fide , and round on theother, butof thefame 
 greenneffe with all the reft: the ftalke rifeth vp two foote high, bearing two, and 
 lotrierimes three flowers thereon, being ofafaire yellow colour, with a large open 
 cup in the middle, of a little deeper yellow colour , like vnto the great Iunquilia with 
 the large flower, before fet downe, whereof this is a kinde, no doubt • but that is larger 
 and greater then this,both in icafe, flowcr,cup, &c. and this onely fomewhat lefle in 
 all parts then that. 
 
 7. Narcijfm 
 
I f H*ttiffHiTwuifoliut4lbm. The white [imquilia. * Ntreijptt Iuncifiliut fort slbo reflax*. The white turning fqaquilia. J NoreijJusTnneiftligf 
 ulietlmfr+fltxttfilifsalHt . The yellpw turning luaqailia. 4 Ntrcijfm Imtcifolitu lutem mif** c*hct. The fellow lunqttilia with a great cuppe. 
 ) QtycilfafwteifiUui luttiu /*4urv*l{4rit. The ordinary yellow lunqulta. 6 ‘Xgrcifftu Inncifolint flereviridi. The greene Autumne 
 
 Iunqnilu. 7 Narcijfavhfijltfiliitt Mini multiplex, Vkz goUca io«bip narrow l| 4 tci Di|bJiJ^ i 'Xgrcijpu ImrijtliMjlfTfflm*. T^5 !<«» 
 
94 - 
 
 The (jar den of plea f ant Flowers. 
 
 s 
 
 7 . Narcijfus Iuncifelius luteus vulgaris' maier . 
 
 The ordinary Iunquilia,or Ruih Daffodill. i 
 
 T his ordinary Ruih DafFodill hath fourc or fiue Jong grecne'round leaues, like vnto 
 Ruffes, whereof it tooke the name : among thefe Ikucs rifeth vp the ftalke, round and 
 greene, a foote and a halfe high very often, bearing at the toppc threeor foure flowers 
 allyelloWjbut much fmaller then the laft, and fo is the cup alfo : the feede is fmall and 
 blacke, inclofed in fmall cornered heads; the roote is blackilh on the outfide. The 
 fnji'cll of the flower is very fwecte in all thefe forts ef Ruih Daffodils. 
 
 %.Narcijfus Iuncifelius luteus medius l The fmaller Iunquilia,or Ruih Daflbdill. 
 
 The leaues ofthis DafFodill are like vnto the former, but fmaller and rounder the 
 ftalke rifeth not vpfo high, nor are the flowers fo great, but the leaues of the flower 
 are a little rounder, and not fo pointed as in the former , in all things el fe alike fauing: 
 
 p.NarciJfes Iuncifelius luteus mister. The leaft Iunquilia,or Rufli Daffodill. 
 
 This leaf! DafFodill hath flue or fix fmall greene leaues, a little broader, and not fo 
 long as the laft, among which rifeth vp a ftalke almoftafootc high, bearing oneor 
 two fmall flowers at the toppe,of a paler yellow colour then the former, with a^ellow 
 open cuppe, or crowne rather in the middle, bigger then in either of the laft two • the 
 roote js very fmall and blacke, like vnto the laft in roundnelfe and colour. 
 
 10 . Narcijfus Iuncifelius luteus allicant thus lineis diflinfius. 
 
 The yellow Iunquilia, or Ruih Daffodill with white lines. 
 
 This Ruih Daffodil] hath round, greene, and long leaues, like vnto the ordinary 
 R ulh Daffodill, with a ftalke bearing two or three yellow flowers, hauing leaues fome- 
 what round at the point or end , wi th a line or ftrake of white in the middle of euerie 
 eneofthem, the cup is Ihort, and crowne falliion, alittle crumpledabout the brims: 
 thefeede, roocc,or any thing elfe differeth not. 
 
 1 1 . Narcijfus Iuncifelius Autumnalis flore viridi. 
 
 The Autumne Ruih Daffodill with a greene flower. 
 
 This ft range Ruih Daffodill (I call it ftrange, not onely becaufe it differeth from all 
 others of this kinde,but alfo becaufe there are but few in thefe'’ parts that haue had it 
 and fewer that doe ftillenioy it, in that it is perifhed withall that had it) hath but one’ 
 onely leafe, very long, round, and greene, in all that euerlfaw growing, which bea- 
 reth no flower whftethat greene ieafe is frefli, and to bee feenetbut afterwards the 
 ftake rifeth vp, being like vnto the former greene leafe, round, naked , and greene vp 
 ro the toppe, where two or three flowers breake forth out ofa final! thin skinne, euery 
 one conhftmg of fix fmall and narrow greene leaues , very fharpe pointed at the end 
 and as it were ending in a fmall prickeorthorne : in rhemiddle whereof is a fmall 
 roundcup, or rather crowne, of the fame colour with the leaues and ftalke which 
 flower fmelleth very fweete , fomewhat like vnto the reft of the Rufh Daffodils • this 
 flieweth not his flower vntill Oftober, and the frofts quickly following after their 
 flowring, caufe them fooneto perilh. 
 
 12 . N arc iff us anguflifolius aureus multiplex, 
 Thegolden double narrow leafed Daffodill. 
 
 The leaues ofthis Daffodill are very narrow, and of a whitifh greene colour , not 
 aboue foure or fiue inches long, from among which rifeth vp a ftalke about a foote 
 high, bearing at the top one flower, confining of forae outer leaues, which areof a yel- 
 low 
 
paffe at this time. 
 
 P5 
 
 xy.NarciJfus lanciftlius luteus flircplcnt.lhz double Iunquilia,or Rufli Daffodil!. 
 
 All thefe Rufh Daffodils, doefor the moll part grow in Spaineand 
 France, and on the Pyrenxan Mountaines, which arc betweene Spaine and 
 France, which Mountains are the Nourferies of many of thefineft flowers 
 that doe adorne the Gardens of thefe louers ofnatures pride, andgathered 
 in part by induftrious, learned, generous men, inhabiting neare thereunto 
 and in part by fuch as make a gaine of their labours , beftowed vpon thefe 
 things. Onely that with the grecne flower was gatheredin Barbary and 
 imparted vnto vs from France. 5 
 
 They flower in the Spring, that is, in March and Aprill, except fuch 
 whofe time is fet do wnc to be in Autumne. 
 
 Their names are fpecified in their titles, and therefore I fhall not need to 
 fet downe any further repetitions. 
 
 Tocondudetherefore this difeourfeof true Daffodils, there remaineth to fpeake 
 ofthe Sea Daffodils, which (as I faid in the beginning) is but one, that is frequent, and 
 doth abide with vs. But there bee fome others found about the Cape of good Hope, 
 and in the-Wefl Indies, and brought into thefe parts rather for oftentation , then con- 
 tinuance, where they hatte flowred onely once (if peraduenture fo often) fo that being 
 fuch ftrangers, of fo remote Countries,and of fo diuers natures , I fhall but fhew you 
 fome of them, rather curforily then curioufly; and but onely for your fatisfa<»ion,giue 
 youknowledgeoftwoorthreeofthem, that there haue beenefeenefuch in flower^ 
 and that they are fcarce to bee feeneagaine, except they bee fetchta new euery yeare 
 that they be feene. 
 
 The roote of this Daffodill by long continuance, (landing in one place without be- 
 ing remoued,growethto be much greater and larger, then any other Daffodill what- 
 
 fotucr, 
 
 two, or three at the moll vpon a flalke, and of lefTe beauty by much. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 Nurcijfus M trinus , fsue tertius Mstthieli. 
 
 The great white Sea Daffodill, or Matthiolus his third Daffodill. 
 
96 
 
 The garden of pleafant Flowers. 
 
 fcv-ir-r and asbi^ge as any mcanc Squilla or Sea Onion roote, hauing many long, 
 thicke 'and white fibres, or long rootes, diuerfly branched , and fpread vnderrhe vp- 
 per part of the earth , befidc fome others that grow downward, and perifb not euery 
 veare as the fibres of all, or mod of the other Daffodils doe ; and therefore this plant 
 will not thriue and beare flowers, if it be often tranfplanted, but rather defire to a- 
 bidc in one place without remouing, as I faid, and that not to be ouerfhadoWed, or co- 
 uered with other herbes {landing too neare it, which then will flourilh, andbearea- 
 boundantly : from this roote, which is couered with many blackifh coates, arifeth fix 
 orfeuen or more leaues, twice fo broad ahnoft, as any of the former Daffodils, but 
 not fo long by halfe as many of them , being but fhort, in comparifon of the breadth, 
 and of a white grecnc colour; from the middle of which leaues , as alfo from the fides 
 foraetitnes fpringethvp oncor two, or more ftalkcs, roundifb and thicke, and fome- 
 times a little flat and cornered, a foote high or fome what more , bearing at the toppe, 
 out of a skinnie huskc, eight, ten, tweluc, or more very large flowers, confiding of fix 
 white leaues a peecc, fpread or laid open, with a white fhortcuppeorcrowncinthe 
 middle lyin'* flat vpon the leaues, cut or diuided into fix corners (and not whole, as 
 thecuppeorcrowneof any other Angle Daffodill) from euery of which edges, or 
 corners of this cup or crowne, ft andeth one white long thread, a little crooked or tur- 
 ning vp at the end, tipt with a yellow pendent, and fome other white threads tipt with 
 yellow pendents, (landing alfo in the middle : after the flower is paft , there come vp 
 great three fquare heads, wherein the fefede is contained, which is great,blacke , and 
 round, like vnto the feede of other Daffodils , but greater : the flower hath a reafona- 
 ble good fent, but not very ftrong. 
 
 The Placed 
 
 Itwas firftfoundbytheSeafide,intheI(leof Sardinia, and onthehigh 
 Mountaines alfo of the fame Ifle, where it hath borne by report, thirty flue 
 flowers vponaftalkc : itgroweth likewife about Illyricum, andindiuers 
 other places. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 Itfpringethlateroutof the ground then any other Daffodill, that is to 
 fay, not vntill the later end of March, or beginning of Aprill, and flowreth 
 in the end of May, or the beginning of Iunc : the feede is ripe in the end of 
 Iuly, or beginning of Auguft, 
 
 The Names. 
 
 The fitft that hath made mention of this Daffodill, was Matthiolus, who 
 placed it in the third place among his Daffodils, and is mod vfually now a- 
 dayes called, N*rciJ]»t tertim Matt hi th , Matthiolus his third Daffodill, 
 the rather, becaufe Clufius vpon a more mature deliberation , firft referred 
 it thereunto, but called it at the firft, Lilimarciffm HemertcaUidU facie , and, 
 ashec faith, Iacobus Plateau (who firft fent him the figure hereof, with the 
 defeription) called it Lilienartipts Oriental* , but Clufius vpon certaine in- 
 formation, that it grew in the places aforefaid, mifliked the nameof Or«w- 
 tdlis, and added HemerocaBu , which yet is not fit, for that his Hemertcatot 
 Valentina , is a plaine Pancration or Sea baftard Daffodill, whofe middle 
 cup is longer then the cup of any true Daffodill , which (as I faid in the be- 
 ginning ofthis Chapter) is the chiefeft note of difference , betweene a true 
 and a baftard Daffodill. I receiued the feede of this Daffodill among many 
 other feedes of rare plants, from the liberality of M r . Do&or Flud , one of 
 the Phyfitians of the Colledge in London, who gathered them in the Vni- 
 uetfity Garden at Pifa in Italy, and brought them with him, returning home 
 from his trauailes into thofe parts, by the name of Martagcn rarifsimnm, 
 (and hauing fowne them , cxpe&ed fourteene yearcs , before I faw them 
 • bearc a flower, which the firft year? that it did flower, bore foure ftalkes of 
 
 flowers. 
 
p 8 The (jar den of f leaf ant Flowers. 
 
 flowers, with cuery one ot them eight or ten flowers on them) which of all 
 other names, doth leaft anfwerthe forme or qualities ofthis plant. It may 
 mod fitly be called Narcijfiu marinus maximus , inHnglifh, The great Sea 
 Daffbdill, both becaufeit is a true Daffodill , and the greateft of all other, 
 and alfo becaufe it hath not been found, but in Iilands, or elfe in other pla- 
 ces neare the Sea. Lobelius cntitulcth it Pancratium Indicam alterum -vernum, 
 fine Narciffus Indicus alter facie Pancratj Monfpeliact, butall this is widefrom 
 the matter,as may eafily be known,.by that that hath been faid before. It is 
 generally (as I faid before) called of all Narcijjus tertius Matthioli, Matthi- 
 olus his third DafFodill, which may either fo paffe with vs, or as I called it 
 The great Sea DafFodill, which you will, & fo Clufius doth laftly entitle it! 
 
 I . Pancratium Indicam, ant Narcijfm Indictu Autumnalis quor undam LohclJ. 
 
 The Indian Autumne DafFodill ofLobel. 
 
 This plant hath in my opinion, a farre nearer refemblance vnto an Hyacinthus, then 
 vnto any DafFodill : But bccaufe Lobel hath fo fet it forth , I will fo publifh it vnto 
 you, leauing it to iudgcment. Thcrooteis,ashefaith,afpanlong, and of thethick- 
 neffe of a mans arme, couered with many white fhells, whereof the ourermoft are ofa 
 darke red or Chefnut colour : the flowers rife vp in September, and October , being 
 eight or ten in number, euery one by it felfe vpon a fmall footfhlke, made of fix leaues 
 apeece, fomewhat long, narrow, and pointed, like vnto the flowers of the Englifh 
 Colchicum, or Medowe Saffron , of a whitifh yellow dunne colour, with fix long 
 threads in the middle ; the greene leaues are long and broad, and broad pointed. 
 
 2. Narcijjus Marinus iAfricanus,fiut Extticue Ltlclj. 
 
 The Sea Daffodill of Africa. 
 
 The roote ofthi s ft range plantf which of fome likenefle is called a Daffodil 1 ) is very 
 great, made as it were of many fcaly cloues, from whence rifeth vp a fmall fhort ftalke, 
 bearing hard aboue the ground two faire broad greene pointed leaues, more long then 
 broad, fo compalfmg the ftalke at thebottome, that it feemeth to run through them r> 
 the ftalke is fpotted with diuers difcoloured fpots, and is bare or naked from thefe two 
 leaues vnto the toppe, where it beareth one faire double flower, like vnto a double A- 
 uemone, of a delay ed reddifh colour, tending to a blufli, with many threads fet about 
 the middle head^ 
 
 3 . Narcijjus Marinus Extticus. The ftrangeSea Daffbdill 
 
 This ftrange Sea Daffodill, hath flue or fix Jargeand long leaues of a palegreene co-' 
 lour, from among which rifeth vp a ftrong and bigge ftalke, bearing at the toppe, out 
 ofathinnehofeorskinne, many very large flowers, made of fix long and pointed 
 leaues apeece, of a blewifh purple colour, with a large round open cup in the middle, 
 ofa ladder colour then the leaues : the roote is very great, yet like vnto other great 
 Daffodils, the outer skins whereof are ofa darke browne colour. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 The Indian Daffodils grew in the vpperpart of Hifpanioia in the Weft 
 Indies, and brought hither, where they all foone perifhed. 
 
 The other grew neare the Cape of good Hope, and was brought into the 
 parts of Holland and thereabouts, from whence we had it, & perifhed alfo. 
 
 The laft is vnknowne where it was gathered. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 M • ThefirftflowredinAutumne,asitisfaid. 
 
 The other in the firft Summer of their bringing. 
 
 And fo did the laft, but the fame rootes will not flower with vs againe.' 
 
 The 
 
The Qarden of pleaf ant Flmers, 
 
 9 ? 
 
 The Names. 
 
 So much hath been faid oFtheir names in their titles, as hath come to our 
 knowledge 5 and therefore let that fuffice. 
 
 Thus hauing gone through the whole Family of the true Daffodils, (for fo much as 
 hath come to our knowledge) and fet them downceuery one by his name, and in his 
 order ; it is fit that we fpeuke of their baftard brethren, and (hew you them alfo, in the 
 fame order held with the former, as neare as the plenty of variety herein, which is not 
 the like with the former, will giuc leaue , that when you know them both by face and 
 name, you may the better know to place or diftinguifh of others , thathaue not pafled 
 vnder this rod. 
 
 Tfeudomrciffas nurem Hifpanicui mtximas. 
 
 The great yellow Spanifh baftard Daffodil!. 
 
 ThcrooteofthiskindeofDnfFodi'lisreafonable great, and blackifh on the out- 
 fide, defiring to be deepe in the ground; and therefore will runnedowne, where it 
 will thenencreafe into many of-fets,from whence rifevp many thicke,long, and ftiffe 
 leaues, of a grayifh greene colour, among which rifeth vp a round ftrong ftalke, fome- 
 times three footc high or better, bearing at the toppe one onely faire great yellow 
 flower, {landing forth right, and not pendulous, confiding of fix (hort and fomewhat 
 broad leaues, with a very great, large, and long trunke, ofanequalllargenefle, but 
 open at the mouth, and turning vp the brimmes a little, which are fomewhat crum- 
 pled : after the flower is paft, there commeth in the place a three fquare head, contai- 
 ning round blackefeede,like vnto other Daffodils. 
 
 Pfeudorurciffm Pyreaaus HiftHtnice & >_a inglico fimilii. 
 
 The Mountaine baftard Daffodill of diuers kindes. 
 
 There is much variety in this kinde of baftard Daffodill : For one fort hath verie 
 broad and whitifh greene leaues, fomewhat fhort in comparifon ofothers, that are of 
 that breadth : the flower is wholly yellow , but a little paler then the former Spanifh 
 kinde, hauing the leaues of his flower long, and fomewhat narrow, (landing like wings 
 about the middle trunke, which is as long as the leaues, and fmaller then in many other 
 of this kinde, but a little yellower then the wings. Another fort hath narrower green 
 leaues then this lad, and longer, the flower is all yellow, but the trunke is larger, wider, 
 and more open at the mouth then the former, and almoft as large as the former Spa- 
 nifh, but not fo high as the laft. A third hath the wings of the flower of a Strawe co- 
 lour, but the trunke is long and narrow, of afaire yellow. Afourch hathfuchlike 
 flowers, but that it is fhorter, both the wings and the trunke : Some likewife haue the 
 wings of the flower longer , then the long trunke, and forne (horter. Some alfo are all 
 yellow, and fome haue their wings onely a little more pale or white , like the Englifh 
 kinde : Some againe haue their trunkes long and narrow, others haue them larger and 
 wider open, and crumpled at the brimmes; fo that it is needle(Te,to fpend a great deale 
 of time and labour vponfuch finally refpe&ed flowers, but that in the beholding of 
 them, we may therein admire the worke of the Crcatour, who can frame fuch diuerfity 
 in one thing : But this is befide the text, yet not impertinent. 
 
 TfcaAomrciJftts pillidai prtecox. The early Strawe coloured baftard Daffodill. 
 
 The leaues of this Daffodill are of a meane fize, betweene thebroadeft and thenar- 
 rower kindes, of a grayifh greene colour, and not very long : the ftalke rifeth vp a foot 
 high pr more, whereon ftandeth one large great flower, equalling the greateft Spanifh 
 baftard Daffodill, before deferibed , in the largeneffe of his trunke, and hauing the 
 britnmes turned vp a little, which maketh it feemethe larger: the wings or outer leaues 
 are in a maner as fhort, as they are in the greateft Spanifh kinde, (and not long flagging 
 down .like vnto the Mountain kinds)and (land ftraight outright: all the whole flower is 
 
 la of 
 
loo The (jar den of p leaf ant flowers. 
 
 of one euen colour, that is, of a fine pale yellow , fomewhat like vnto the colour of a 
 Lemon peele or rinde, but fomewhat whiter, which vfually we call a Straw.e colour : 
 the gt eatneffe of the flower, the earl ineffe of the flowring, and the difference of colour 
 from all the reft ofehis kinde,hath made me entreate of it apart by it l'elfc,as being no 
 leffe worthy. 
 
 Pfeudostarciffiss Hifpassicus flere alio maior. 
 
 The great white Spanifhbaftard Daffodill. 
 
 This baftard Daffodill hath diuers leaues rifing vp together, long and broad, fome- 
 what like vnto the firftSpanifh kinde, but a little broader, and of a whiter greenc co- 
 lour, yet not fo white, asin the leffer Spanifh white kindes, hereafter defcribed:among 
 thefe leaues rifethvp a round ftrongftalke, about twofoote high, bearing one white 
 flower at the toppe, bending downe the head, as all thefe white kindes doe, but is nor 
 of fo pure a white, as theldfer kindes that follow, yet whiter then the greateft white 
 Spanifh kinde, next of all to bedeferibed : the whole flower , as well trunke as wings, 
 is much larger then the Idler white kindes , and almoft equalling the firft Spanifh yel- 
 low, but a little longer and narrower,a little crumpled and turning vp at the brimmes: 
 the head and feede arc like the firft ; the roote is greater and thicker then the firft Spa- 
 ni(h,and doth not encreafefo much, nor is coueredwith ablacke, but rather with a 
 whitifhcoatc. 
 
 P/eudossarciffas Bifiauieus maximus albidus. * 
 
 The greateft Spanifh white baftard Daffodill. 
 
 This kinde of baftard Daffodill is very like the laft mentioned Daffodill , both in 
 leaues and flowers, but larger in both: the flower of this is not full fo white, but hath 
 fome (hew of paleneffe therein, and more vpon the firft opening of the flower then af- 
 terwards, and is as great altogether, as the great Spanifh yellow, at theleaft with a 
 longer, and fomewhat narrower trunke : the feede is like vnto the former, and fo is the 
 roote alfo, but greater, being white on the outfide, and not blacke. 
 
 Pfeudorsarciffus Hifpanicus flere albo medius & missor. 
 
 Thetwo leffer white Spanifh baftard Daffodils. 
 
 There are two other of thefe kindes of white Spanifh Daffodils, one greater or lef- 
 fer then theother, but neither of them fo great as the former. The leaues of both are 
 of a whitifh greene colour, one a little broader then the other : the flowers of both arc 
 pure white,and bending downe the heads, that they almoft touch the ftalkeagaine, 
 the greater flower hath the longer and narrower trunke ; and the leffer flower, the 
 fhorter and wider open, yet both a little crumpled at the edges or brimmes : the rootes 
 of both are like one vnto another, but differ in the greatneffe. From the feede of thefe 
 haue fprung much variety , few or none keeping either colour or height with the mo- 
 ther plants. 
 
 PfcncLossarciflus Anglicus vulgar is. Owe common Englifh wilde baftard Daffodill. 
 
 This baftard Daffodill is fo common in all EngIand,both in Copfes, Woods, and 
 Orchards, that I might well ferbeare the defeription thereof, and efpecially, in that 
 growing wilde , it is of little refpedt in our Garden : but yet , left I bee challenged of 
 ignorance in common plants, and in regard of fome variety therein worth the mark- 
 ing, I will fet downe his defeription and variety as briefly as I may :It hath three or 
 fouregrayifh greene leaues, long and fomewhat narrow, among which rifethvp the 
 ftalke,aboutafpan high or little higher, bearing at thetoppc,outofaskinniehuske, 
 as all other Daffodils haue, one flower (although fometimes I haue feenc two toge- 
 ther) fomewhat large, hauing the fix leaues that ftand like wings, of a pale yellow co- 
 lour, and the long trunke inthe middle ofafaireyellow, with the edges or brimmes 
 a little crumpled or vneuen ; after the flower is paft,it beareth a round head , feeming 
 threcfquare, containing round blackc feede j the roote is fomewhat blackifh on the 
 outfide. 
 
 Bur 
 
i 'PfiudtnareilfusHi fpdnicns maximus en .Th&t^vcttYeWow §p%r\\ft\ baftard Daffodill. a P fevdonsreifpt» Pyreneus vnttfermif . TIi? Mowntainf ba* 
 
 ftard Daffodil l of diner? kinoes. ? TfiuJonarcijfUs HijpAnipf, miiartliitu. The greater white Spanifh hazard Daffodil!. 4 Pfiudtmtreiflla Hifpani. 
 cue minor albut The letter Spanifh white baftardDaffbdill . 5 PfeuJoMrciffiurnbo fixttn{ulari.Thte fitf COfncftf 'd baflard Daffodill. 6 Pfrudonnrciffue 
 maxtmm aureus, fiueRofiu* TraJofianti.foUa Tradefcantsgreat Rofe Oaffodill. 7 T/-4>wrfifw murtui ^Arglieus maxmnt. Matter Winners greao 
 double Dafodill. 8 PfiudontrtifM HifpanicusaureM tore pleno. The double Spanifh I>affo4illi or Parkinfons double Uiflodifl. 9 Pfeudonarcijfue 
 Gallic** wMw/^^/^e.ThcgrcJCcrdoubleFreac^ PaffbdUl. 19 Tjeudtrweijfut^ih^licus flare flent. The doable EagltfhD.iff®diU,QrGenard? 
 doubleDadodi.il. * } 
 
 The (garden of plea) ant Flmers, 
 
101 
 
 he (jar den of plea) ant l* lowers. 
 
 But there is another ofthiskinde like vnto the former, whofe further defeription 
 you haue here before; the wings of which flower are much more white then the for- 
 mer, and in a manner ofamilke white colour, the trunke remaining almoft as yellow 
 as the former, and not differing in any thing elfe. 
 
 Pfeudonarcijfus tulo fexangulari.Thc fix cornered baftard Daffodill. 
 
 This kinde of Daffodill hath two or three long, and fomewhat broader leaues then 
 the laft, between which commeth forth a ftalke , bearing one flower fomewhat large, 
 hauing the fix outer leaues of a pale yellow colour, and the long trunke plaited or cor- 
 nered all along vnto the very edge into fix parts, of a little deeper yellow then the 
 
 wingS - The Place. 
 
 The firft great Spanifh kinde was brought out of Spaine. The reft from 
 the Pyrenaran Mountaines, onely the laft fauing one is plentifull in our 
 owne Countrey, but the white fort of that kinde came with the reft from 
 the fame Mountaines. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 The pale or third kinde, and the Englifhbeethemoft early, all the reft 
 flower in Aprill,andthe greateftyellow fomewhat earlier, then the other 
 greater or lcffer white. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 Their feuerall names are exprefled in their titles fufficienttodiftinguilh 
 them, and therefore there needeth no more to be faid of them. 
 
 i . PfeudonarciJJhi tureus maximus flare pleno, line Rofeus Trade/cant i. 
 
 The greateft double yellow baftar d Daffodill, or 
 lohn T radefcant his great Rofe Daffodill. 
 
 This Prince of Daffodils (belongeth primarily to lohn Tradefcant,asthe firft foun- 
 der thereof, that we know, and may well bee entituled the Glory of Daffodils) hath a 
 great round roote, like vnto other Daffodils, couered with a brownifh outer skinne or 
 peeling, from whence rifethvp foure or fiue fomewhat large and broad leaues, of a 
 grayifh grecne colour, yet not fully fo long and largeas the next following Daffodill: 
 from the middle whereof rifethvpaftalke almoft as high and great as it,'" bearing at 
 the toppe (out of a skinnie hbske) one faire large great flower (the budde, before it 
 breake open, being fhorter and thicker in the middle, and ending in a longer and (har- 
 per point then any of the other Daffodils) very much fpread open, confifting of fmal- 
 ler and (horter leaues then the next, but more in number , and thicker and rounder fet 
 together, making it feeineas great and double as any Prouincc Rofe, and intermixt 
 with diuers yellow and pale leaues , as it were in rowes one vnder another. Ir abideth 
 lohg in flower, and fpreadeth,by (landing long, to be. the broadeft in compafle ofany 
 
 ■of the Daffodils , but fiftieth away at the 
 Daffodils doe. 
 
 .ft without giuing anyfeode, as all double 
 
 2 .Pfeudonarcijfus aureus Anglicus maximus 
 
 M'.Wilraers great double Daffodill. 
 
 The other great double Daffodill doth fo neare refcmble our ordinary Englifh 
 double kinde, that I doe not finde therein any greater difference, then the largeneffc 
 both of leaues and flowers, &c. and the ftatelinefle of growth. It bearerh three or 
 foure large, long, and broad leaues, fomewhat longer and broader then the former 
 and ofawhitilh grefine colour: the ftalke rifeth to bee two footc high, growing 'in a 
 fruitfull andfat foyle)ftrong, and fomewhat round, bearing atthetoppe, out of a thin 
 skinne, one great and faire double flower, each leafe whereof is twice as Large and 
 
 broad 
 
T he (jar den of pleajant blotters. 
 
 broad as the former , diuerfly intermix: witharoweof paler, and a rovve of deeper 
 yellow leaues, wholly difperfed throughout theflo wer , the pale colour as well as the 
 deeper yellow , inthisasinthc other fmall Englifli kinde, growing deeper by Han- 
 ding : fometimes the leaues hereofare fcattered, and fpread wholly, making it (hew a 
 faire, broad, open flower :and fometimes the outer leaues Hand feparate from the 
 middle trunke, which is wholeand vnbroken , and very thicke of leaues: andfome- 
 times the middle trunke will bee halfc broken , neither exprefling a full open double 
 flower, nor a clofe double trunke, as it is likewife feene in the fmall Englifli kinde, as 
 (hall bee declared in his place: this bearethno feede j the roote hereof is thickeand 
 great, andencreafeth as well as any other Daffodill. 
 
 IOJ 
 
 3 . V) endonarcijfut aureus ffifpanieus fore plene. 
 
 The great dsublc yellow Spaniflt baflard Daffodill, or Parkitifons Daffodill. 
 
 This double Spanifli Daffodill hath diuers leaues riling from the roote, ffiffer,nar- 
 ro wer, and notot fo whitifliagreenecolourasthcformer,butmore fullen orgrayilh, 
 plainelyrefemblingtheleauesofthefinglegreat kinde, from whencethis hath rifen : 
 the ff alke hereof likewife rifeth almofl as high as it, and neare the height of the lafl re- 
 cited double, bearing one double flower at the toppe, al wayes fpread open, and neuer 
 forming a double trunke like the former, yet not fo faire and large as it, the outermoff 
 leaues whereof being ofa greenifb colour at the firfl, and afterward more yellow, doe 
 a little tuirric themfelues backc againe to the Halke, the other leaues are fome of a pale 
 yellow,and others ofa moregold yellow colour, thofethar Hand in themiddleare 
 fmaller, and fome of them drew as if they were hollow trunked , fo that they feeme to 
 be greenifb, whitifli, yellow, and gold yellow, all mixed one among another : the root 
 is great, round, and whitifli on the infide, couercd with darke coloured skinnes or 
 peelings, lthinke none euer had this kinde before my felfe, nor did I my felfe euer fee 
 it before the y eare 1 61 8 . for it is of mine own railing and flowring firff in my Garden. 
 
 4 , pfeudonarcifftu GaSicus maior flore pleno. 
 
 The greater double French baffard Daffodill. 
 
 This greater double Daffodill, hath his whitifli greene leaues longer and broader 
 then the fmaller French kinde, hereaffer following , tobeedeferibed , andbroader, 
 longer, and more limber then the double Englifli kinde : the Halke rifeth vp not much 
 higher, then the (mailer French kinde, but a little bigger , bearing at the top one great 
 double flower, which when it is fully and perfectly blowne open (which is but fel- 
 dome ; for that it is very tender, the leaues being much thinner, and thereby continu- 
 ally fubied, vpon any little diftemperature of the time , to clcaue fo fafl one vtuo an- 
 other, that the flower cannot blow open faire) is a faire and a goodly flower, larger by 
 halfe then the fmaller kinde, and fuller of leaues, of the fame pale whitifli yellow, or 
 Lemon colour, with the leffer, or rather a little whiter, and not fet in the fame order of 
 rowes as it is, but more confufedly together, and turning backe the ends of the outer- 
 mofl leaues to the Halke againe, and hauing the bottome of the flower on the backfide 
 fcmewhat greene, neither ofwhich is found in the leffer kinde: the roote is very like 
 vnto the leffer kinde, but a little bigger and longer. 
 
 y . Pfeudeearcijfus Anglicus flori plent. 
 
 The double Englifh baflard Daffodill, or Gerrards double Daffodill. 
 
 .d r. 
 
 Thcleaues ofthis double Daffodill are very like vnto the (ingle kinde, being of a 
 whitifli greene colour, and fomewhat broad, a little (horter and narrower, yetfliffer 
 then the former French kinde : the Halke rifet h vp about a foote high , bearing at the 
 toppe one very double flower, the outermoff leaues being of the fame pale colour, 
 that is to bee feene in the wings of the fingle kinde ; thofe that Hand next them , are 
 fome as deepe a yellow as the trunke of the fingle, and others of the fame pale colour, 
 with fome greene ffripeson the backe of diuers of the leaues : thus is the whole flower 
 variably intermixt with pale and deepe yellow, and fome greene (tripes among them. 
 
The (garden of p lea] ant t lowers. 
 
 when it is fully open, and theleaues difperfed and broken. For fometimes the flower 
 flieweeh a clofe and round yellow trunke in the middle , feparate from the pale outer 
 wings, which trunke is very double, fhewing fome pale leaues within it, difperfed 
 among the yellow : And fometimes the trunke is more open, or in part broken, fhew- 
 ing forth the fame colours intermixt within it: the flower paffeth away without gi- 
 liing any feede, as all other bulbous rootes doe that beare double flowers : the roote is 
 fmall, very like vnto the French double kindes, efpecially theleflerj thatit isverie 
 hard to know the one from the other. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 The firft and greateft kinde, we had hr ft fromlohnTradefcanrefasIfaid 
 before) whether raifed from feed, or gained from beyond Sea, I know not. 
 
 The fecond we firft had from V incent Sion, borne in Flanders, dwelling 
 on the Banke fide, in his liues time, but now dead 5 an induftrious and wor- 
 thy louer of faire flowers , who cherifhed it in his Garden for many y eares 
 without bearing of any flowers vntilltheyeare i5ao. that hauing flowred 
 with him, (and hee not knowing of whom hee receiuedit, nor hauing euer 
 feene the like flower before) he (heweth it to M r . Iohn deFranqueuille , of 
 whom hefuppofed he had receiued it, (for from beyond Sea he neuer recei- 
 ued any) who finding it to bee a kinde neuer feene or knowne to vs before 
 caufed him to refped it the more , as it is well worthy. And M r . George 
 Wilmer of Stratford BoweEfqtiire, in his liues time hauing likewife recei- 
 ued it of him (as mv felfe did alfo) would needes appropriate it to himfclfe 
 as if he were the firft founder thereof, and call it by his owne name Wil- 
 mers double Daffodill, which fince hath fo continued. 
 
 Thethird is of mine owne foftering or railing, as I faid before; for aflii- 
 redly, it is rifen from the feede of the great Spanilh Angle kicde ‘ which I 
 fowed in mine owne Gayden, and cherifhed it, vndll it gaue fuch a flower 
 asisdeferibed. 
 
 The fourth is not certainly knowne where his originali fhould be : Some 
 thinke it to be of France, and others of Germany. 
 
 T tie laft is affurcdly firft naturali of our owne Countrey, for M r . Gerrard 
 firft difeouered it to the woi Id, finding it in a poore womans Garden in the 
 Weft parts ofEngland, where it grew before the woman came to dwell 
 there,and,as I haue heard fince, is naturali of the Ifle of Wight. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 They doe all flower much about onetime, that is, from themiddleor 
 end ofMarch, as theyeare is forward, vnto the middlcof Aprill. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 Vpon the three firft I haue impofed the names in Latine , as they are ex- 
 preffed in their titles : and for the Englilh names, if you pleafe, you may let 
 them pafle- likewile as they are exprefled there alfo, that thereby euery one 
 may be truely diftinguilhed, and not confounded. The fourth, befides the 
 name in the title, is called of lome Naraffut Germanicus , which whether it 
 be of Germany, or no, I knownot;but that the name fhould import fo much. 
 The laft doth vfually carry M'.Gerrardsname, and called Gerrards double 
 Daflfodill. aw 
 
 • • *-*. ' Drmolcrhfiorlj 
 
 I . Tfleudenircijjm anguflifelim flere fliuefcentc tuho quip ebfeiffo. 
 
 ThenarrowleafedbaftardDaffqdill with the dipt trunke. '1 
 
 This kinde of Daffodill hath long and narrow grayifh greene leaues , bearing one 
 Angle flower at the toppe of his ftalke, like vnto theformer finglebaftardkindcs, be- 
 fore 
 
The Ljrrdgnof- pleafant timers . 105 
 
 fore fpecified, hauing his outer leaues of a pale yellow colour, and his trunke of a dee- 
 peryellow : the chiefe differences in this from the former, is in the leaues, being nar- 
 row, and then in the trunke of the flower, which is not crumpled or turned vp, as irioft 
 of the other are j and that the brimraes or edgier of the flower is as if it had beene dipt 
 off, or cuteuen. 
 
 'I 1 
 
 a. Pfeud'omtrciffus Hifpan'itm media t & miner lutem. 
 
 The two Idler Spanifh yellOw baftard Daffodils. 
 
 Theft- two leffetkindes of Spanifli Daffodils, doe but differ ingreatneffe the one 
 from the other, and not in anything elfejfo that in declaring the one, you may vn- 
 derftand the other to bee a little greater. The leffer then hath three or fourenartow 
 fliort whitiili greenc leaues , from among Which commeth forth a fhort ftalke, not a- 
 boue an hand breadth, or halfe a foote high, bearing one fingle flower , not fully (lan- 
 ding outright, but a little bending downe, confining of fix fmall leaues, (landing as 
 wings about a fmall >, but long trunke , a little crumpled at the brimmes : the whole 
 flower, as well leaues as trunke , are of onedeepc yellow colour, like vnto the great 
 Spanifli kinde: the roote is but fmall, and couered with a darkilli coate. The other is 
 in all parts greater, and (as I faid ) differed! not elfe. 
 
 3 . Tfeudonarciffm Hifpan'tctu lutem miniam. 
 
 The leaft Spanifli yellow baftard Daffbdill. 
 
 The leaues of this fmall kinde are fmaller and (horter then the former , feldome ex- 
 ceeding the length of three inches, and very narrow withall , but of the fame grayilh 
 greenc colour with the former : euery flower ftandethVponafinall and fhort foote- 
 ilalke, fcarce riling aboue the ground, fo that his nofc, -'for the mod part , doth lye or 
 touch the ground, and is madeafcerthefatnefafhionTfifid ofEhefame colour with the 
 former, but much fmaller, as his roote is fo likewife. 
 
 . y . . . , - ■ v, 1 ,.n'. 
 
 4. Pfeudonarcijfm Gallic us miner flere plene „ 
 
 The leffer French double baftard Daffbdill. 
 
 The rootes of this leffer French kinde (if I may lawfully call it, Ot the greater kinde 
 beforefpecified,a baftard Daffbdill 5 for I fomewhat doubt thereof, in that the flower 
 of either is not made after the falhionofany oftheotherbaftard Daffodils, but doth 
 more nearcly referable the forme of the double white Daffbdill, expreffed before a- 
 mong’ the true Daffodils) are like vnto the double Englilh kinde , as alfo to the former 
 double greater French kinde, and the leaues are of the fame whitiili greenc colour alfo, 
 but narrower and not longer : the ftalke rifeth a little higher then the Englilh, and not 
 fully fo high as the greater French , bearing one faire double flower thereon , of a 
 paleyelloworLemoncolour,confiftingoffixrowesofleaues, euery rowe growing 
 fmaller then other vnto the middle, and fo fet and placed, that euery leafe of the 
 flower doth ftand direiftly almoft in all, one vpon or before another vnto the middle, 
 wherethe leaues are fmalleft, the outermoft being the greateft, which maketh the 
 flower feeme the more beautif ull : this and the greater kinde hath no trunke, or (hew 
 of any other thing in the middle, as all or moft of the other former double baftard 
 Daffodils haue,btit are flowers wholly compofcdof Jeaues , Handing double cuentc 
 the middle. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 The firfl is vridoubtediy a natural! of the Pyrenaran fdountaines. 
 
 The Spanifli kindes grew in Spaine, and 
 
 The French double kinde about Orleance in France, whereit is faid to 
 grow plentifully. 
 
 the Time. 
 
 The firft ftowrefh at the end ofMarclv 
 
 The 
 
io6 The (f <trden of plea/ant flowers. 
 
 The Spaniihkindes are the mod early, flowring betimes in March. 
 
 The French double doth flower prelently after. 
 
 The'Names. 
 
 More cannot bee faid or added, concerning the names of any of thefe 
 Daffodils, then hath been fet dovvne in their titles : onely the French kinde 
 is moft vfually called Robmus his Daffodill. 
 
 pfeadonarcijfas Iuncifoliut attus.The white baftard Rulh Daffodill, or Iunquilia. 
 
 . ..!l ; ."L"- .. , 
 
 This baftard Rulh Daffodill hath two or three long and very greene leaues, very 
 like vnto the fmall yellow Rulh Daffodill, formerly defcribed , but not altogether fo 
 round, among which rifethvp a fhort ftalke, feldome halfeafoote high, bearingat 
 the toppe, out of a fmall skinnie huske,onc fmall white flower, fomctime declining to 
 a pale colour, hauing fix fmall and (hort leaues, (landing about the middle of the 
 trunke , which is long , and much wider open at the mouth, then at the bottome : the 
 fmall outer leaues or wings are a little tending to greene, and the trunke (as I faid) is 
 either white, or whitiih, hauing the brimmes a little vneuen : the fecde is fmall, blacke 
 and round, like vnto other Rufh Daffodils, but fmaller. 
 
 Pfendcnarcijfus Iuncifoliut luteus maior. 
 
 The greater yellow Iunquilia, or baftard Daffodill. 
 
 The leaues of this greater kinde are longer, greater, and a little broader then the 
 former; the ftalkealfo is higher, and the flower larger, more open at the mouth and 
 crumpled, then the white, but wholly of a yellow colour : the feedeand the roots are 
 bigger, according to the proportion of the plant. 
 
 Pfeuionarciffus Iuncifoliut latent miner. The leffer yellow baftard Iunquilia, 
 
 \ 1 
 
 This is fo like vnto the laft in all things, that I fliall not ncede to trouble you with 
 repetitions ofthe fame things formerly fpoken ; the chiefeft difference is the fraalneffc 
 of the plant in all parts. 
 
 j : • § 
 
 pfeudonarciffus iuncifoliut latent ferotiuus . The late yellow baftard Iunquilia. 
 
 ! 'I : ' ' ' ' • , • ■ 
 
 There is hkewife a third kinde, as great as the greater yellow, and in all his parts cr- 
 prefling and equalling it,but is accounted the fairer,and flowreth fomewhat later. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 The Pyrenatan Hils haue afforded vs all thefe varieties, and weepreferue 
 them carefully ; for they are all tender. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 All theft flower in Aprill, except the laft, which is a moneth later. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 The French and Lowe-Countrey men call them Trempettes , that is. 
 Trumpets, from the forme ofthe trunke 5 wee fometimes call them alfo by 
 that name, but more vfually baftard Iunquilia’s. 
 
 Pfeudonarciffus marinus albus , Pancratium vulgo. 
 
 The white Sea baftard Daffodill. 
 
 The Seabaftatd Daffodill (to conclude this Chapter, andthedifcourle of Daffo- 
 
 s dils) 
 
The Garden of plea) ant h lowers. 107 
 
 P/htdeiurrifne tnbeqmfi ^i/t/^V.Thebiftard Diffodill with the dipt trunicc. a ‘TfiuJiMrcijfiu Hi/panictu minor. The leflcr Soa.iifh baflard Daffodill. 
 a ‘Tfeuiendrciflut Hifpdnicm minimus. The lea t Spanifh bafhrd Daftbijll. 4. Pfeuionarcifu q alliens minor flore plena. The leiTer double French ba - 
 Hard ? Panerdteum flore albo.The white Sea baflard Daffodil. 6 T/eusSanarci/Tue iwjelus turrits m~.ior.Thc greater yellow baflard lunqui*. 
 
 lia". 7 Pfiudendreiffm Imwifolius lutem minor. The lefleryclloar baflard hmqiiilia S Pfeudanajcifflu funeifolitu luteus fetotinu* .The late yellow baflard 
 Ianquiii-i 9 Leueinumbulba/km prdcex mtiue.The «reateady bulbous Violet, f Leucoium bu'bofum prxcox minus. The lerter early bulbous V idee* 
 to Aatua^ncbalboaj Violet. 11 Lsucoium Mbofum maimfleminum.Thi^rezt late flowriag bulbous Violer, 
 
IO, 
 
 Tlx Cjarden of plea/ ant t lowers. 
 
 Skrt 
 
 jltremkt. 
 
 -Cils) hath outers broad whitith greene leaucs , but not very long, among which rifeth 
 vpa ft iff; round (hike, at the top whereof breaketh out of agreat round skinny huskc, 
 fiueor fix flowers, euery one made fjmewhat of the falhion ofrhcgreat baftard Rulh 
 Daffodil 1, but greater, and wholly white ; the fix leaues, being larger and longer 
 tUcninthcRufn kmdc,and extending beyond thetrunkc, arctipt withgreene at the 
 p fintofeach leafe, anddowne the middle likewifeon thebackfide. Thetrunkeis 
 longer, larger, and wider open at the mouth, cut in or indented at the brims or edges, 
 and fmall at the botrome, with diuers white threeds in the middle, and is very fwcet * 
 vnder the flower is a round greene head, w hich groweth very great , hauing within it, 
 when it is ripe, flat and blacke feede : the roote is great and white. 
 
 It is reported, that there are found other forts ; fome that beare yellow flowers, and 
 others that beate red: but we haue feene none fuch,and therefore I can fay no more of 
 them. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 This kindc groweth neare the Sea fide, both in Spaine,Italy,and France 
 within the Straights, andforthemoft part, vponalltheLeuant ftoare and 
 Iflands alfo, but will fcldome either flower, or abide with vs in thefe colder 
 Countries, as I haUc both feene by thofc that I recciucd from a friend , and 
 heard by others. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 It flowrcth in the end of Summer, that is, in Auguftand September 
 
 The Name. 
 
 Diuers doc call it fMcr*ti»m, as the learned of Mompeher , and others 
 with the addition of fine Lily, after they had left their old errour, in taking 
 it to be Sf jUt, and vfing it fot ScySd, in the Trochifces that go into Androma- 
 chusTrcakle. The learned of Valentia in Spaihepas Clufius faith, doe call 
 it HemertuUu, thinking it to be a Lilly; and Clufius doth thereupon call it 
 HemertuUu f't/eatiMt : but in my opinion , all thefe arc deceiued in this 
 plant j for it is neither a Lilly , to haue the name of HemeroctUis giuen vnto 
 ir, nor ScylU, nor rmentium, as many doe yet call it : for certainly this is a 
 kinde of DafFodillj the forme both of roote, leafe, and flower, doth a flu re 
 me that haue feene it, and not Pd/tt/dtium, which (as Diofcorides teftifieth) 
 is a kindc of ScjSt, and in his time called Scj/td,v/hh a red roote , and a leafe 
 like a Lilly , but longer , and was vfed both with the fame preparation and 
 quantity, and forthe fame difeafes that ScjlU was vfed, bur that his force 
 was weaker. ’all which doth plainly fliew the errours that many learned men 
 haue been conucriant in, and that all may fee how neceflary the knowledge 
 of Herbarifme is to the practice of Phyficke 5 And left the rooteof this Sea 
 baftard Daffodill bee vfed in the ftead of an wholfome remedy , which (as 
 Clufius maketh mention) was deadly to him that did but cut his meate with 
 that knife, which had immediately before cut this roote, and done in malice 
 by him, that knew the force thereof, to kill his fellow, it working the more 
 forceably by the euill attracting quality of the iron. 
 
 The Vertues of Daffodils in generali. 
 
 Howfoeuer Diofcorides and others, doe giue vnto fome of them fpecl- 
 all properties, both for inward and outward difeafes, yet know I not any in 
 thefe dayes with vs, that apply any of them as a remedy for any griefe, 
 whatfoeuer Gerrard or others haue written. 
 
 Chap. 
 
The Vjarden of pleaf ant Flowers. 
 
 Chap. X. 
 
 Lcucoium bulbofum. The bulbous Violet. 
 
 e Auingthusfetdowncthewholefamily,bothof the true and baftard Daffo- 
 diis, I fhould next fet in hand with the Hyacinths ; but becaufe Leuceium bul- 
 befum, Thebulbous Violet is a plant that doth challenge a place next vnto the 
 Daffodils, as mod nearly partaking with them, and a little with the Hyacinthes, I muft 
 of neceffity interpofethcm, and fhcw their defcriptions and differences, whereof fome 
 are early, of the firft Spring, others later, and fome of the Autumne. 
 
 Leuceium bulbefum precox mtius. The greater early bulbous Violet. 
 
 This bulbous Violet hath three or foure very greene, broad, flat, and fhort leaucs, 
 among which rifeth vp a naked greene ftalke, bearing out of a fmall skinny hofe (as the 
 former Daffodils doe) one white flower, hanging downe his head by a very fmall 
 foot-ftalke, made of fix leaucs , ofanequall length, euery onewhereofistiptatthe 
 end with a fmall greenifh yellow fpot : after the flower is pafl,the head or fecd-vefTell 
 groweth to be real'onable grear,fbmcwhat long and round, wherein is contained hard 
 round feede , which being dry, is cleare , and of a whitifh yellow colour : the roote is 
 fomewhat like a Daffodill rOote, and couered with a blackifh outfide or skinne. 
 
 Leuceium bulbofum free ex minus. The Idler early bulbous Violet. 
 
 This 1 effer kinde rifeth vp with two narrow grayifh greene leaues, between which 
 commeth forth the ftalke, fiue or fix inches high, bearing onp fmall pendulous flower, 
 confiding of three white leaues, which are fmall and pointed, (landing on the out- 
 fide, and hauing three other fhorter leaues, which feetne like a cup in the middle, being 
 each of them round at the ends, and cut in the middle , 'making the forme of an heart, 
 with a greene tippe or fpot at the broad end or edgd : the feede is whitifh , inclofed in 
 long and round heads , like the former, but lefTer : th‘e roote is like a fmall Daffodill, 
 with a blackifh gray coate, and quickly diuideth into many of-fets. 
 
 There is another of this kinde , that came among other bulbous rootes from Con * Mmus Byiftim 
 ftantinople, and differeth in nothing from it, but that it is a little greater, both in root, «»*». 
 leafe, and flower. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 The two firft are foundin many places of Germany, and Hungary. The 
 third, as I faid, was brought from Conftantinople. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 The two lefTer forts doe moft commonly flower in February, if the wca= 
 therbeanythingmilde,oratthefurthcftin the beginning of March, but 
 the firft is feldome in flo wer,before the other be well ncare pad, or altoge- 
 ther. 
 
 • * The Names. 
 
 ufiiisn e.( 0 . jcBJt . .;of*T 
 
 Lobel andDodonatus Call the lefTer kinde LeUcomm MfhyUum , and Leu- 
 conarcijfolirion triphyllum\ of the three leaues in the flower. Some doe call 
 it Violu bulb oft alba. Thefirftor greater kinde is cal led by Lobel, Ltucenar- 
 tiffelmtn paucioribus floribus 5 antfbyDodonatuS , EeueeiiiM bulbefum bext- 
 pbyBssm. We doe moft vfual ly caftthem, £«<»**'» bulbofum true ex maius, & 
 minus. The greater, or the lefTer early bulbous Violet. In Dutch, Somer 
 Settekens , and not Druifkens , which are Grape- flowers, as fome haue 
 thought. 
 
 IC 
 
 Leuceium 
 
no 
 
 ‘ The (jar den of plea [ant Flowers. 
 
 I . Lenceium bnlbefum V trntsm minimum. 
 
 The fmall bulbous Violet of the Spring. 
 
 This ("mail Lenctinm fendeth forth his fmalland long greeneleaues, like haircs in 
 Autumne, and before Winter, which abidegreene vntill Aprill,and then wither away 
 quite and about May there arifeth vp a naked {lender ftalke, at the toppe whereof 
 breake fot th two final! white flowers, made of fix leaues a peece, hanging downe their 
 heads, the three inner leaues being a little larger then the three out ward, a little reddifh 
 neare the ftalke, and very fweet : the rootis fmall and round, and couercd with a darke 
 coate» 
 
 i.Leuccium bnlbtfnm Autumnale.Thc fmall Autumne bulbous Violet. 
 
 As the former fmall Lenceitsm fprangvp with his leaues without flowers in Au- 
 tumne fo this contrariwife , rifeth vp with his {lender brownilh ftalke of flowers in 
 Autumne, before any greene leaues appeare, whereon (land two or three very fmall 
 f n0 w white pendulous flowers, confiding of fix leaues a peece , and a littlereddifh at 
 the bottome of the flower next vnto the ftalke, fo like vnto the former, that one would 
 take them to be both one: after which, there grow fmall browne heads, containing 
 fmall blacke, round feed ; after the flower is paft, and the feede is ripening, and fome- 
 times’after the heads are ripe, the leaues begin to fpring vp , which when they are full 
 growne are long,greene, and as fmall, or fmaller then the leaues of the Autumne Hy- 
 acinth, which abide all the Winter, and Spring following, and wither away in the be- 
 ginning of Summer : therooteisfmall, long, and white. 
 
 g. Leuctkm maius bulbofum ftretinum. 
 
 Thegreat late flowring bulbous Violet. 
 
 A) ■ 
 
 The late bulbous Violpt Ji^tlvthree or foure broad flat greene leaues, very like vnto 
 the firft, but longer, among which rifeth vp a flattiih ftalke , being thicker in the mid- 
 dlemen at both edges, on'tjie toppe whereof ftand three or foure flowers, hanging 
 downe their heads, confiding of fix leaues a peece, all of an equall length and bignefle, 
 wholly white, except that each leafe hath a greene tippe at the end of them : the feede 
 hereof is blacke and round j.thc roote is reafonablc great and white. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 The two former fmall ones were firft found in Spaine,ahd Portugall,and 
 fenttomeby Guillaume Boel; but the firft was fo tender, that fcarce one 
 of a fcore fprang with me, or would abide. Thegreateft haue beene found 
 wildein Germany and Auftria. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 The fmall ones haue their times exprefled in their titles and deferipti- 
 ons, the laft flowreth not vntill May. 
 
 •OSOtlsiO flvi m ■ hjW-dt: i 0 ; r l t-Jr.Ur-' ~ - .>.t-0 • 
 
 The Names. 
 
 Thefc names that arc fet downe in theirtitles, doepaffe wit hall Herba- 
 - rifts.in thefc daies. 
 
 The Vermes', 
 
 Wee haue not knowne thefe plants vfed Phyfically , either inwardly or 
 outwardly, to any purpofes in thefe day es. 
 
 Chap. 
 
(The (jar den of pleafant Flowers. 
 
 Hi 
 
 Chap. XI. 
 
 Hyacinthus. The Hyacinth or Iacinth. 
 
 T He Iacinths are next to be entreated of, whereof there are many more kindes 
 found out in thefe later times, then formerly were knownc, which tor order 
 and method fake, I willdigeft vnderfeuerall l'orts, as neare as I can , thata- 
 uoiding confufion,by enterlacing one among another, I may the better put euery tort 
 vnder his ownc kinde. 
 
 I haue thought fitteft to begin with this Iacinth , both becaufe it is the greateft and 
 higheft, and alfo becaufe the flowers' hereof are in fome likenetfe neare vnto a Daffo- 
 dill, although his roote be tuberous, and not bulbous as all the reft are. This Indian 
 Iacinth hath a thicke knobbed roote (yet formed into feuerall heads, fomewhatlike 
 vnto bulbous rootes) with many thicke fibres at the bottome of them ; from the di- 
 uers heads of this roote arife diuers ftrong and very tall ftalkes,befet with diuers faire, 
 long,andbroadleaues,ioynedatthebottome clofe vnto the ftalke, where they are 
 greateft, and groWfmaliertothevery end, and thofe that grow higherto thetoppe, 
 being fmaller and fimller, which being broken,there appeare many threeds like wooll 
 in them : t he toppes ofthe (hikes aie garnifhed with many faire large white flowers, 
 each whereofis compofed of fix haues, lying fpread open,asthe flowers ofthe white 
 Daffodill, with fomelhort threeds in the middle , andofa very fweetefent , or rather 
 ftrong and headie. 1 
 
 whence doe fpring many leaues,lying vpon the ground, and compaffing one another 
 atthe bottome, being long and narrow, and hollow, guttered to the end, which is fmall 
 and pointed, no leffe woolly, or full of threeds then the former : from the middle of 
 thefe leaues rifeth vp the ftalke, being very long and (lender, three or foure foot long, 
 fo that without it be propped vp, it will bend downe, and lye vpon the ground, where- 
 on are fet at certaine diftanccsmany fliort leaues, being broad at the bottome, where 
 they doe almoftcompaffe the ftalke, and are fmaller toward the end where it is (harpe 
 poincediat the top ofthe ftalke ftand many flowers,with a fmall peece of a green leafe 
 at the bottome of euery foot-ftalke, which feeraeto bee likefo many white Orientali 
 Iacinths, being compofed of fix leaues, which are much thicker then the former, with 
 fix chiues or threeds in the middle, tipt with pale yellow pendents . 
 
 Hyacinthus Xndicus maitr tuberofa radice. 
 The greater Indian knobbed Iacinth. 
 
 Hyacinthus Indictu minor tubtrofa radice. 
 The fmaller Indian knobbed Iacinth. 
 
 5 » C- . 
 
 The roote of this Iacinth is knobbed, like the rpQte of Arum or Wake Robin, from 
 
 The Place. 
 
 They both grow naturally in the Weft Indies, from whence being firft 
 brought into Spaine, haue from thence been difperfed vnto diuers louers of 
 plants. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 { • 
 
 They flower not in thefe cold Countries vnfill the middle of Auguft, or 
 norat all, if theybeenot Carefully preferued from the injury of our cold 
 Winters i and then if the precedent Summer be hot, it may be flower a mo- 
 nethfooner. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 Clufiuscalltththcleflcr(forIthinkehee neuerfaw the firft) Hyacinthus 
 
HZ’ 
 
 T be garden of plea/ant t lowers. 
 
 Iniicru luberoja radtec, that is in Engli(h,Thc Indian Iacinth wich a tuberous 
 roote : Some would call tbefe Hyacinthus Eriophorus Indicus , that is, The In- 
 dian woolly Iacinth, becaufe they haue much wooll in them when they are 
 broken; yet fome doe doubt that they are not two plants feuerall, as of 
 grater and Idler, but that the greatneife is caufed by the fertility of the 
 foy^e wherein it grew. 
 
 I . Hyacinthus Botroides maior Mofchatus,fue Mufcari flore flauo. 
 
 The great yellow Muske Grape- flower, or yellow Mufcari. 
 
 This Muske Iacinth or Grape-flower, hath flue or fix leaues fpread vpon the ground 
 in two or three heads, which at the firft budding or (hooting forth out of the ground, 
 are of a reddilh purple colour, and after become long, thicke, hollow , or guttered on 
 the vpperfide, of a whitilh greene colour, and roundand darke coloured vnderneath : 
 in the middle ofthefe heads of leaues, rife vp one or two hollow weake brownifh 
 ftalkes, fometimes lying on the ground with the weight of the flowers, (but efpecially 
 of the feede) yet for the mod pare (landing vprigbt , when they are laden towards the 
 toppe, with many bottle-like flowers, which at their firft appearing, andvntill the 
 flowers begin to blow open, are of a browne red colour, and when they areblowne, 
 of a faireyellow colour, flowring firft below, and fo vpwards by degrees, euery one of 
 thefe flowers is made like vnto a little pitcher or bottle, being bigge in the belly, and 
 final! at the mouth, which is round, and a little turned vp, very fweetein fmell, like 
 vnto Muske, whereof it tooke the name Mufcari ; after the flowers arc paft, there come 
 three fquare thicke heads, puffed vp as if it were bladders , made of afpongiefub- 
 ftance, wherein are here and there placed blacke round feed : the roote is long, round, 
 and very thicke, and white on the outfide,with a little woollincfle on them,being bro- 
 ken, and full of a flimie iuice , whereunto are annexed thicke, fat, and long fibres, 
 which perifh not as moft of the other Iacinths • and therefore defireth not to bee often 
 remoued, as the other forts may.- 
 
 *. Hyacinthus Botr aides maior Mofchatusfeu Mufcari flore ci ner itio. 
 
 The Afhcoloured Muske Grape-flower, or Mufcari. 
 
 brim • , . • • ■ . .. !( : T>n- 
 
 This Mufcari differeth not in rootes, or forme of leaues or flowers from the former*’ 
 the chiefe differences are thefe: the leaues hereof do not appeare fo red at the firft bud- 
 ding out of the ground, nor are fo darke when they are fully growne ; theftalfcealfo 
 moft vfually hath more (lore of flowers thereon , the colour whereof at rhefirft bud- 
 ding is a little duskie, and when they are full blowne , are of a bieake, yet bright afh- 
 colour, with a little (hew of purple in them, and by long (landing chahge a little more 
 gray ; being as fweete, or as fomechinke, more fweete then the former : the roote (as I 
 (aid) is like the former, yetyeeldeth more cncreafe, and will better endure our cold 
 cly mate, although it doth more feldome giue ripe feede. : oo ' 
 
 ( - oil- feiv: iy i ; i : shomf'.l to CjCtih • 
 
 3 . Hyacinthus Botroides maior Mefcbatus , fine Mufcari flore rubro. 
 
 The red Muske Grape-flower. 
 
 Thiskinde(iftherebe any fuch,for lam in feme doubt thereof) doth chiefly differ 
 in the colour of the flower from the firft , in that this (hould beare flowersvvhcn they 
 areblowne, of a red colour tending to yellownelTe. ’jinb -r 
 
 4. Hyacinthus Botroides maior Mbphatusfiue Mufcari flore albo. 
 
 The white Muske Grape-flower. 
 
 This alfo is faid to haue (if there bee fuch an one) his leaues like vnto the fecond 
 kinde, but of a little whiter greene, and the (lowers pale, tending to a white : the roots 
 ofthefe two lad are faid vfually not to grow to be fo great as of the, former two. 
 
 The Place! 1 
 
 The rootes of the two firft forts,haue been often fent from Conftaatino- 
 
 P- e > 
 
The (jar den of pica! ant Flmcrs, 
 
 Hyacinthus Tniicut maior tuSiero fa radice . The greater Indian knobbed Tacinth. 2 Hyacinthus Indicus minor tulerofa radtce. The Iefler Indian 
 .r..i a,... a.... 'T't._ ..„11 — - ■ a - einsritio. The afhcoloured Mufcari. 5 Hyacinthus Eohoidts 
 
 knobbed raeinth. * Mufcari flore flauo. The yellow Mufcari. 4 Mufcari flore .1,^ 
 
 carufeut amnws. The skie coloured Grape- flower. 6 Hyacinthus 'Botrosdti florcalbo. The whrtfc Grape flowi 
 The branched Grape-flower. 
 
 K ? 
 
 f Hyacinthus Uotroides tamojtis , 
 
 0 
 
T be (jar den of f leaf ant Flowers. 
 
 pie, among many other forts of rootcs,and it may be come thither from be- 
 yond the Bofphorus in Afia; we haue them in our Gardens. 
 
 The other two forts are fprung (it is probable, if they be in rerum natura) 
 from the feede of the two former ; for we could neuer get fuch from Con- 
 ftantinople, as if theTurkes had neuer knowledge of any fuch. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 They flower in March or Aprill,astheyeare is temperate, but the fir ft is 
 fooneft vp out of the ground. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 The two former haue becne fent from T urkie by the name of Mufchoro- 
 mi and Dipcadi. Matthiolus calleth it 'Bulbtu vomit trine, faying that no root 
 doth more prouoke vomit then it. Cafpar Bauhinus doth moft properly 
 call it Hyacinthus Mofcbxtut. It is moft generally called Mufcari, by all Her- 
 bariftsand Florifts, yet becaufe it doth fo neerely rcfemble the Grape- 
 flower, I haue named it Hyacinthus Botreidcs maior Mufchatus , to put a diffe- 
 rence from the leffer Grape- flowers that follow; in Englifh, The great 
 Muskc Grape-flowe^ or Mufcari. 
 
 Hyacinthus "Botreidcs minor caruleus obfeurus. 
 
 The darke blew Grape-flower. 
 
 This Grape-flower hath many fmall, fat, and weake lcaues lying vpon the ground, 
 which are fomewhat brown ifli at their firft commingvp, and of a fad greene after- 
 - wards, hollow on the vpperfide, and round vnderneath, among which rife vp round, 
 fmooth, weake ftalkes, bearing at the toppe many fmall heauiebottle-like flowers , in 
 fhape like the former Mufcari, but very thickethruft together, fmaller, and of avery 
 
 darke or blackifh blew colour, of a very ftrong fmell , like vnto Starch when it is new 
 made, and hot : the root is round, and blackifh without, being campaffed with a num- 
 ber of fmall rootes, or of-fets round about it, fo that it will quickly choke a ground, if 
 it be fuffered long in it. For which caufe, moft men doe caft it into fome by-corner, if 
 they meanc to preferue it, or caft it out of the Garden quite. 
 
 There is another of thiskindethatis greater, both inleafeand flower, and differeth 
 notin colour or any thing elfe. 
 
 Hyacinthus 'Botr tides ctruleus ametnus.Thc skie coloured Grape-flower. 
 
 This Iacinth fpringeth vp with fewer leaues then the firft.and not reddifli, but green 
 at his firft appearing ; the leaues, when they are full growne, 3ie long and hollow, like 
 the former, but greener, fhorter,and broader, {landing vpright , and not lying along 
 vpon theground as they doe: the flowers grow at the toppe of the ftalkc, tnorefpar- 
 fedlyfet thereon, and not fothicke together, butlikeathinne bunch of grapes, and 
 bottle-like as the former, of a perfect blew or skie-colour , euery flower hauing fomc 
 white fpots about the brimmes of them : this hath a very fweet fmell, nothing like the 
 former : this roote is whiter, and doth not fo much encteafc as the former , yet plenti- 
 ful! enough. 
 
 Hyacinthus Botreidcs ramefus.The branched Grape-flower. 
 
 Of this kinde, there is another found to grow with many branches of flowers, brea- 
 king out from the fides of the greater ftalkes or branches : the leaues as all the reft of 
 the plant is greater then the former. 
 
 Hyacinthus Botroidcs flore albo.Dht white Grape-flower. 
 
 The white Grape-flower hath his greene leaues a little whiter, then theblewor 
 
 skic 
 
1 he tjarden of plea) ant timers, 1 ? ^ 
 
 ski? coloured Grape-flower, his flowers are very pure white, alike fparfedly Teton the 
 ftalkes, but a little lower and fmallerthenit,in all other things there is no diffeience. 
 
 Hyicinthus'B etroides flere elbe rubente. The blulh Grape-flotvcr. 
 
 The roote of this Grape-flower groweth greater, then either the skie coloured , or 
 white Grape-flower, and feldome hath any fmall rootes or of-fets, as the other haue : 
 his leauesa!foarelarger,and fomewhat broaderjtheflowersareofapale, orbleake 
 blufhcolouroutofawhite,andarealittlelarger, and growalittle higher and fuller 
 of flowers then the white. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 They naturally grow in many places both of Germany and Hungary ; in 
 Spaine likewife, and on Mount Baldus in Italy , and Narbonein France, a- 
 bout the borders ofthe fields : we haue them in our Gardens for delight. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 Thefe flower from the beginning of March, or fooner fometimes, vn- 
 till the beginning of May. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 Theyaremoft commonly called 'Botroides , but more truely Botryodes, 
 of Bfayut the Greeke word, which fignifieth a bunch or clufterof grapes : 
 Lobelius calleth the white one, Dipcadi flore albe, transferring the name Dip- 
 cadi, whereby the Maflcari is called to this Iacinth, as if they were both one. 
 
 Their fcuerall names, whereby they are knowneand called , are fet downc 
 in their titles. The Dutchmen call them Driuekens, as I laid before. Some 
 Engliih Gentlewomen call the white Grape-flower Pearles of Spaine. 
 
 i. Hyacinthus Cemoflus albus. The white hairedlacinth. 
 
 This Iacinth doth more neerly referable the Grape- flowers , then the faire haired 
 Iacinths that follow, whereof it beareth the name, in that it hath no haireorthreeds 
 at the toppeofthe ftalke or fides, as they : and therefore I haue placed it next vnto 
 them, and the other to follow it,as being of another kinde. The root hereof is blackifh, 
 a little long and round, from whence rife vp three or foure leaues , being Imooth and 
 whitifh, long, narrow, and hollow, like a trough or gutter on the vpperfidc: among 
 which the ftalke rifeth vp a foote high or more, bearing at the toppe diuers fmall flow-, 
 ers, fomewhat like the former, but not fo thickc fet together, being a little longer, and 
 larger, and wider at the mouth, and as it were diuided into fix edges, of a darke whitifh 
 colour, with fotne blacker fpots about the brimmes on the infide : the heads or feede- 
 vefTels are three fquare, and fomewhat larger, then the heads of any of the former 
 Ieffer Grape-flowers, wherein is contained round blacke feede. 
 
 2. Hyacinthus Cemoflus Byzantinus. The T urkie faire haired Iacinth. 
 
 This other Iacinth which came from Conftantinople, is fomewhat like the former,’ 
 butthatitisbigger,bothinroote,andleafe,and flower, and bearing greater ftore of 
 flowers on the head of the ftalke : the lower flowers, although rhey haue fhort ftalkes 
 at their firft flowring, yet afterwards the ftalkes grow longer, and thofe that are lower, 
 ftand out further then thofe that are higheft, whofe foot-ftalkes are fhort, and al- 
 moft clofe to the ftemme, and of a more perfeift purple then arty below, which are of a 
 duskie greenifh purple colour : the whole ftalke of flowers feem like a Pyramis, broad 
 belowe,and fmallaboue, or as other compare it, to a water fprinkle;yet neither of 
 both thefe Iacinths haue any threeds at the tops of the ftalkes , as the other following 
 haue. 3. Hyacinth us 
 
1 16 The (jar den of pleafant t lowers. 
 
 3 . Hyacinthia Cemt/'us maitr purpureus. 
 
 The great purple faire haired Iacinth. 
 
 This faire haired Iacinth hath his leaues fofter, longer, broader, andl'efle hollow 
 then the former , lying for the mod part vpon the ground : the ftalke rifeth vp in the 
 midftofthe leaues, being ftronger, higher, and bearing a greater and longer head of 
 flowers alfo then they : the flowers of this ftand not vpon fuch long foote- (hikes, but 
 are Ihorter below , and clofe almoft to the ftalke aboue , hauing many bright purplilh 
 blew threeds, growing higheft aboue the flowers, as it were in a bufh together , euery 
 one of thefe threeds hauing a little head at the end of them, fomewhat like vnto oneof 
 the flowers , but much fmaller : the reft of the flowers below this bu(h, are of a fadder 
 or deader purple, and not fo bright a colour, and the loweft worft of all, rather encli- 
 ning to a greene, like vnto the laft Turkie kinde : the whole ftalke with the flowers vp- 
 on it,doth fomewhat refemble a long Purfe taffell , and thereupon diuers Gentlewo- 
 men hauefo named it : the heads and feede are like vnto the former, but greater ; the 
 roote is great and white, with fome rednelle on the outfide. 
 
 4 . Hyacinth nt Como/us r amt fits purpureus. 
 
 The faire haired branched Iacinth. 
 
 The leaues of this Iacinth are broader, fhorter, and greener then of the laft, not 
 lying fo weakly on the ground, but (landing fomewhat more vpright : the ftalke rifeth 
 vp as high as the former, but branched outon euery fide intomanytufts ofthreeds, 
 withknappes, as it were heads of flowers, at the ends of them, likevntotheheadof 
 threeds at the toppe of the former Iacinth, but of a little darker, and not fo faire a 
 blewifh purple colour : this Iacinth doth fomewhat refemble the next Curld hairc Ia- 
 cinth, but that the branches are not fo fairely compofed altogether of curled threeds, 
 nor of fo excellenta faire purple or Doue colour, but more duskie by much ; the roote 
 is greater and (horter then of the next, and encreafcth fafter. 
 
 5 . Hyacinthus Pe»natus,fiueCtmofus ramofus elegant ior. 
 
 The faire Curld-haire Iacinth. 
 
 This admirable Iacinth rifeth vp with three or fourc leaues, fomewhat like vnto the 
 leaues of the Muske Grape-flower, but iefler • betweene which rifeth vp the ftalke a- 
 bout a foote high, or fomewhat more , bearing at the toppe a bu(h or tuft of flowers, 
 which at the firft appearing, is like vnto a Cone or Pineapple,and afterwards opening 
 it felfe, (preadeth into many branches, yet dill retaining the forme of a Pyramis , be- 
 ing broad fpread below, and narrow vp abeue : each of thefe branches is againe diui- 
 ded into many tufts of threeds or firings, twifted or curled at the ends , and of an ex- 
 cellent purple or Doue colour, both ftalkes and haires. This abideth a great while in 
 his beauty, but afterwards all thefe flowers (if you will fo call them) do fall away with- 
 out any feede at all, fpending it felfe as it (hould feeme in theaboundance of the flow- 
 ers : the roote is not fo great as the laft, but white on the outfide. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 The two firft haue been fent diuers times from Conftantinople, the third 
 is found wilde in many places of Europe , and as well in Germany , as in 
 Italy. Thetwo laft are oncly with vs in Gardens, and their naturali pla- 
 ces are not knowne vnto vs. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 The three former kindes doe flower in Aprill, the two laft in May. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 The firft and fecond haue no other names then arc exprefled in their ti- 
 tles. 
 
The Cjarden of pie afar, t Flmcrs 
 
 'i Hyacinthus Comofus albus. The white haired lac i nth, i Hyacinthus comcfui' fyxdxtiirus. The Tui kie'fufr' haired Tacinthi 
 5 Hyacinthus Comofus maior purpureus. The purple fairc haired Iacimh,or Pur[q taffels. 4 .Hyacmbus Coyipfus rnmofus, fine 
 Calemifiratus . The fairc haired branched Iacinth, 5 Hyacinthus Pennatus, fine Comofus defamior. The fairc curld'hatre 
 
 Jacinth. 
 
, i S The (jar den of pleafant Flowers. 
 
 tics. The third is called ot forne onely Hyacinthus msiar, and of others Hya- 
 cinthus tamefus maiar: We call it in Englilh,The purple faire haired Iacinth, 
 becaufe of his tuft of purple threeds, like haires at the toppe, and (as I faid) 
 of diuers Gentlewomen, purple tafleis. The fourth is called by fome as it 
 is in the title, Hyacinthus comofus ramofus, and of others Hyacinthus Calami- 
 Jlratus. And thdaft or fifth is diuerfiy called by diuers, Fabius Columna in 
 his Phytobafanas the fecond part, calleth it Hyacinthus Sanneflus, becaufe hee 
 firft faw it in chat Cardinals Garden at Rome. Robin of Paris fent to vs the 
 former of the two laft,by the name of Hyacinthus Pennatus, and Hyacinthus 
 Calamiflr at us, when as others fent thelaft by the name Pennatus , and the o- 
 ther by the name of Calamiftratus ; but I thinke the name Cincinnatus is more 
 fit and proper for it, in that the curled threeds which feeme like haires, are 
 better exprelfed by the word Cincinnus, then Calamiilrum , this fignifying 
 but the bodkin or inftrument wherewith they vfe to frifle or curie the haire, 
 and that the bufh of haire it felfe being curled. Some alfo haue giuen to both 
 thefelaftthenamesof Hyacinthus Camofus Parnafsi , the one fairer then the 
 other. Of all thefe names you may vfe which you pleafe 5 but for thelaft 
 kinde, the name Cincinnatus, as I laid, is the more proper , but Pennatus is 
 the more common, and Calamijlratus for the former of the two laft. 
 
 I . Hyacinthus Orientalis Brumalis, (sue praeax flare alba. 
 
 The white Winter Orientali Iacinth. 
 
 This early Iacinth rifethvp with his greeneleaues (which are in all refpeifts like to 
 the ordinary Orientali Iacinths, but foraewhat narrower) before Winter , and fome- 
 times it is in flower alfo before Winter, and is in forme and colour a plaine white Ori- 
 entali Iacinth, but fomewhat lefler, differing or.ely in no other thing, then the time of 
 his flowring, which is alwayes ccrtainc to be long before the other forts. 
 
 1 . Hyacinthus Orientalis 'B r umalis, flue prae ax flare purpureo. 
 
 The purple Winter Orientali Iacinth. 
 
 The difference of colour in this flower caufeth it to bee diftinguilhed,for elfc it is of 
 the kindred of the Orientali Iacinths , and is, as the former , more early then the reft 
 that follow : V nderftand then, that this is the fame with the former , but hauing fine 
 blcwifh purple flowers. 
 
 5, Hyacinthus Orientalis malar praeax, diclus Zumbul Inii. 
 
 The greateft Orientali Iacinth, or Zumbul Indi. 
 
 The roote of this Orientali Iacinth , is vfually greater then any other of his kinde, 
 and moft commonly white on the outfide, from whence rife vp oncor two great 
 round ftalkes, fpotted f rom within the ground , with the lower part of the leauesalfo 
 vpward to the middle of the ftalkes, or rather higher, like vnto the ftalkes of Dragons, 
 but darker ; being fet among a number of broad, long , and fome what hollow greene 
 leaues,almoft as large as the leaucs of the white Lilly: at the toppe of the ftalkes ft an 4 
 more ftore of flowers, then in any other of this kinde, euery flower being as great as 
 the greateft fort of Orientali Iacinths, ending in fix leaues , which turne at the points^ 
 of a fiiirc blewifh purple colour, and all Handing many times on one fide of she 
 ftalkes, and many times on both fides. 
 
 4 .Hyacinthus Orient alie vulgaris diuerjarum calorum. 
 
 The ordinary Orientali Iacinth. 
 
 The common Orientali Iacinth (I call it common , becaufe it is now fo plenti- 
 ful! in all Gardens, thatitisalmoft not efteemed) hath many greene leaucs, long, 
 fomewhat broad and hollow, among which rifeth vp a long greene round ftalke, 
 befetfrom the middlcthercof almoft, with diuers flowers , Sanding on both fides 
 
 of 
 
T be (jar den of plea j ant b lowers, 1 1 p 
 
 of the ftalkes, one abouc another vnto the toppe, each whereof next vnto the footc- 
 ftalke is Jong, hollow, round, and clofe, ending in fix fmall leaues laid open, 
 and a little turning at the points, of a very fweete finell : the colours of thefe 
 flowers are diuers, for fome are pure white, without any fhew of other colour in 
 them : another is aimed white, but hauing a (hew of blewne(Te,efpeciaIly at the brims 
 andbottomes of the flowers. Ochersagaineareofa very faint blufli, tending towards 
 a white : Some are of as deepe a purple as a Violet ; others of a purple tending to red- 
 nefle, and fome ofa paler purple. Some againe are ofafaire blew, others more wat- 
 cher, andfome fopaleablew, as if it weremore whitethenblew : after the flowers 
 arc part, there rife vp great three fquare heads, bearing round blacke feede , great and 
 fhini ng : the roote is great, and white on the outfide, and oftentimes purphfh alfo, flat 
 at the bottome, and fmall at the head. 
 
 There is a kindc of thefe Iacinths, whofe flowers are of a deepe purplifh Violet co- rt, n purpur, 
 lour, hauing whitifh lines downe the backe ofeuery leafeof the flower, which turne 
 themfcluesalittlebackwardsatthepoints. ddrl”"’ ’* 
 
 There is another, whole flowers (land all opening one way, and not on all fides,bur 
 are herein like thegrear Zumbul Indi,beforefet out. /»mr t /puie«ti. 
 
 There is againe another kinde which flowreth later then all the reft , and the flow- stroth^ tri- 
 ers are fmaller, (landing more vprighr, which are either white or blew , or mixt with Tflfum «- 
 whiteand purple. 
 
 5 . Hyacinthus Orientalis folio/» caule. "the bu(hy ftalked Orientali Iacinth. 
 
 This ftrange Iacinth hath his rootes, leaues. and flowers, like vnto the former O ri- 
 entall Iacinths : the onely difference in this is, thac his ftalke is not bare or naked , but 
 hath very narrow long leaues, growing difpcrfedly,and without order, with the flow- 
 ers thereon, which are blew, and hauing for the moft part one leafe, and fometimes 
 two at the foote, or fetting on of euery flower, yet fometimes it happeneth,fome flow- 
 ers to be without any leafe at the bottome, as nature, that is very variable in this plant, 
 lifteth to play : the heads and feede are blacke and round, like the other alfo. 
 
 6. Hyacinthus Orientalis flore duplici. The bleake Orientali Iacinth once double. 
 
 This double Iacinth hath diuers long leaues, like vnto the other Orientali Iacinths, 
 almoft (landing vpright, among which rifeth vp a ftalke, brownifhat thefirft, but 
 growing greene afterwards, bearing many flowers at the toppe, made like the flowers 
 of the former Iacinths, and ending in fix leaues, greene at the firft, andofablewifii 
 white when they areopen, yet retaining fome (hew of greenneffe in them , the brims 
 of the leaues being white; from the middle of each flower ftandeth forth another 
 fmall flower, confiding of three leaues, of the fame colour with the other flower , but 
 with a greene line on thebacke of each of thefe inner leaues: in the middle of this lit- 
 tle flower, there (land fome threeds ti pt with blacke : the fmell of this flower is not fa 
 fweete as of the forme ; the heads, feede, and rootes arc like the former. 
 
 7 . Hjacinthtu Orientalis flore pleno caruleo , vet purpuro violaceo. 
 
 The faire double blew, or purple Orientali Iacinth. 
 
 The leaues of thefe Iacinths are fmaller, then the leaues of moft of the other for- 
 mer forts ; the ftalkes are (horter, and fmaller, bearing but three or foure flowers on 
 the headsofthem for the moft part, which are not compofed like thelaft,but are more 
 faire, full, and double of leaues, where they (hew out their full beauties, and of a faire 
 blew colour in fome , and purple in others , duelling pretty fweete ; but thefe doe fel- 
 dome beare out their flowers faire; and befides, haue diuers other flowers that will be 
 either fingle, or very little double vpon the fame ftalke. 
 
 8. Hyacinthus Orientalis candidifsimtis flore pleno. 
 
 The pure whitedoublc Orientali Iacinth. 
 
 [_ This double white Iacinth hath his leaues like vnto the fingle white Orientali la* 
 
 cinthj 
 
120 
 
 ‘ The Cjarden of pleat ant t lowers. 
 
 cinth ; his ftalke is like wife long , (lender, and greene, bearing at the toppe two or 
 three flowers at the mod, very double and full of leaues, o( a pure white colour, with- 
 out any other mixture therein, hanging downe their heads a little, and are^reafonable 
 fweetc. 1 haue this but by relation, not by fight , and therefore I can giue no further 
 affuranceas yet. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 All thefe Orientali Iacinths, except the laft, haue beene brought out of 
 Turkic, and from Conftantinoplc : but where their true originali place is, 
 is not as yet vnderftood. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 The two firft (as is faid) flower the earlieft, fometimes before Chriftmas, 
 but more vfually after, and abidea great while in flower,in great beauty, 
 efpcciallyif the weather be milde, when as few or no other flowers at that 
 time are able to match them. The other greateft kinde flowreth alfo earlier 
 then the reft that follow , for themoft part. The ordinary kindes flower 
 fomeinMarch,andfomein Aprill, andfomefooneralfo • and fodoethe 
 double ones likewife. The bufhy ftalkcd Iacinth flowreth much about the 
 fame time. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 The former two forts are called Hyacinthm Orientalis Brumalis, and Hya- 
 cinthus Orientalis praeox flare alba, or caruleo, The third is called of many 
 Zumbul /ndicum.ot Zumbul Indi, and corruptly Simbaline ; of others, and 
 that more properly , Hyacinthus Orientalia maiar pracox. ThcTurkesdoe 
 call all Iacinths Zumbul, and by adding the name of Indi, or Arabs, do (hew 
 . from what place they are receiued. InEnglilh, The greateft Orientali Ia- 
 cinth; yet fome doe call it after the T urkilh name Zumbul Indi, or Simbaline, 
 as is faid before. The t eft haue their names fet downe in their titles, which 
 are moftfit for them. 
 
 Hyacinthus Htfpankm minar Orientalis facie. 
 
 The little Summer Orientali Iacinth. 
 
 This little Iacinth hath fciire or flue long narrow greene leaues, lying vpon the 
 ground,among which rifeth vp a (lender fmooth ftalke, about a fpanne high or more, 
 flute carats,, bearing at the toppe many (lender bleake blew flowers , with fome white ftripes and 
 edges robe feene in moft of them , faibioned very like vnto the flowers of the Orien- 
 tali Iacinth, but much fmaller : the flower hath no fent at all ; the feede is like the (cede 
 of the Englifti Iacinth, or Haref bels : the roote is finall and white. 
 fi m aft,,. There is another of this kinde , differing in nothing but in the colour of the flower, 
 
 which is pure white. 
 
 Flan rubciitei There isalfo an other, wbofe flowers are of a fine delayed red'colour, with fome 
 
 deeper co!ouredvcines,runningalongthcthrceouterleauesof the flower, differing 
 in no other thing from the former, . 
 
 The Place. 
 
 Thefe plants haue been gathered on the PyrenatanMountaines, which 
 are next vnto S paine, from whence, as is often faid , many rare plants haue 
 likewile been gathered. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 They flower very late, euen after all or moft of the Iacinths , in May for 
 themoft part,- 
 
 The 
 
The Cj Arden of uieafant Flowers. 
 
 I Hyacinthus Orientalis brum tits. The Winter Orientali Iacinth, a Xumbnl Iniu The grcatefl Orientali Ii- 
 ciuth. 3 Hyacinthus Orientalis vulgarii. The ordinary Orientali Iacinth. 4 Hyacinthus Orient alts folwfe 
 eMle.Ihe bufhy ftalked Orientali Iacinth. 5 Hyacinth»! Orientalis flore dufhei, The Orientali Iacinth once 
 doable, 6 Hjactmhm Oftentalu fieri pltno ^artilco. 11 k fane double blew Orientali Iacinth, 
 
 I. 
 
1ZX 
 
 T he (garden of pleajant Flowers. 
 
 hUurhtnicus. 
 
 Maximus te* 
 ibiifiiui . 
 
 The Names. 
 
 ;• They are called eyther Hyacinth» s Hifpanicm minor Orientalis facie , as it is 
 
 inthetitle, or Hyacinthus Orientalis facit , thatistofay, T licit (Ter .Spanifh 
 Jacinth , like vnto the Orientali : yet fome haue called them , Hyacinthus 
 Orientalis ferttinus minor. The leffer late Orientali Iacinth, that thereby 
 they may be knowne from the reft. 
 
 Hyacinth*! Hifianicus thfoletns. The Spanifh dunne coloured Iacinth. 
 
 ThisSpanifhlacinthfpringethverylateoutof theground , bearing foure or hue 
 fhort, hollow, aud foft whitifh greene leaues, with a white line in the middle of euery 
 oneofthem, amongwhich rifevponeormoreftalkcs, bearingdiuers flowers at the 
 toppes oftlftm, all looking one way, or (landing on the one fide, hanging downetheit 
 heads, confifting of fix leaues, three whereof being the outermoft, lay open their 
 leaues, and turne back the ends a little again : the other three which are innermoft, do 
 as it were clofe together in the middle of the flower , without laying thcmfelues open 
 at all , being a little whitifh at the edges : the whole flower is of a purplifh yellow co- 
 lour, with fome white and green as it were mixed among it, of no fent at all : it beareth 
 blacke and flat feede in three fquare, great, and bunched out heads : the roote is reafo- 
 nable great, and white on the outfide, with many ftrong white fibres at it , which pe- 
 rifh not ycarely, as the fibres of many other Iacinths doe, and as it fpringeth late, fo it 
 holdeth his greene leaues almoft vntill Winter. 
 
 There hath been another hereof brought from about Fez and Marocco in Barbary, 
 which in all refpedts wasgrcatcr,but elfe differed little. 
 
 There was another alfo brought from the Cape of good Hope , whofc leaues were 
 flronger and greener then the former, the ftalke alfo thicker, bearing diuers flowers, 
 confufcdly (landing vpon longer footc-ftalkes, yet made alter the fame fafhion, but 
 that the three inner leaues were whitifh, and dented about the edges, otherwifethc 
 flowers were yellow and grecnifh on the infide. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 Thefe plants grow in Spaine, Barbary, and Ethiopia, according as their 
 names and deferiptions doe declare. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 Thefirflflowrethnot vntillIune;for,asIfaid, it is very late before it 
 fpringeth vp out of theground, andholdeth his leaues as isfaid, vntill Sep- 
 tember, in the incane time the feede thereof ripeneth. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 They haue their names according to the place of their growing ; for one 
 is called Hyacinthus Hifpanicas objolciiertsctlans. The other is called alfo 
 Hyacinthus Mauritania;. And the laft, Hyacinthus t_/£tbtoj.icus ol>folctm. la 
 EnglifhjThcSpanifh, Barbary, or Ethiopian Iacinth, of adunneorduskie 
 colour. 
 
 Hyacinthus isinglicus 'Belgicus, vel Hifpanieus, 
 
 Englifh Haref-bels,or Spanifh Iacinth. 
 
 Our Englifh Iacinth or Haref-bels is fo common euery where, that it fcarce nec- 
 dethanydefeription. Itbeareth diuers long and narrow greene leaues, not (landing 
 vpright, nor yet fully lying vpon the ground, among which fpringeth vp the ftalke, 
 bearing at the toppe many long and hollow flowers, hanging downe their heads all 
 
 forwards 
 
The Cjarden of pleafant Flowers. 
 
 forwards for the moft part, parted ac thebiimtrics into fix parts, turning vp their 
 points alittleagaine, of a fweetilh, but heady fent , fomewhat like vnto the Grape- 
 flower : the heads for feedeare long and fquarc, wherein is much blacke feede : the 
 colour of the flowers are in (omc of a deeper blew, finding to a purple; in others of a 
 paler blew, or ofableake blew, tending to an alh colour: Some are pure white, and 
 fome are party coloured, blew and white } and fome are ofa fine delayed purplifh red 
 or blu(h colour, which fome call a peach colour. The rootes of all forts agree, and are 
 alike.bcing white and very flimie 5 fome whereof will be great and round, others long 
 and flender, and thofethat lye neare the toppe of the earth bare, will be greenc. 
 
 Upuinthus HifptuicM Ptaitr fltre ctmptuuU inHtri 
 Thegrcater Spanilh bcll-flowrcd Iacinth; 
 
 This Spanilh bell-flowredlacinth , Is very like the former Englilh or Spanilhla- 
 cinth. But greater in all parts, as well of leaues as flowers , many growing together at 
 the toppe ofthe ftalke, with many Ihort greene leaues among them, hanging downe 
 theirheadSjWithlarger, greater, and wider open mouths, likevntobcls, of a darke 
 blew colour; and no good fent. 
 
 the Place. 
 
 The firftgroweth in many places of England, the Lowe-Countries, as 
 we call them, and Spaine, but the laft chiefly in Spainc. 
 
 the Time. 
 
 They flower in April! for the moft part, and fometimes in May. 
 
 The Names’. 
 
 Becaufe the firft is tn®re frequent in England, then in Spain, or the Lowe- 
 Countries, it is called with vs Hytdnthm ingtieus , The Englifh Iacinth ; 
 but it is alfo called as Well 'Belgicus, as Hifptnicus : yet Dodonatus calleth it 
 Hytcinthm non feriptus , bccaufeit was not written of by any Authour be- 
 fore himfelfe. It is generally knownc in England by thenameof Harc- 
 bels. The other Spanilh Iacinth bearcth his name in his title.- 
 
 Hjscinthus Eriophtrus. The Woolly Iacinth. 
 
 This Woolly Iacinth hath many broad, long, and faire greene leaues, very like vn- 
 to fome of the Iacinths,but differ, or Handing more vprighr, which being broken, doe 
 yeeldmanythrecds, as if a little fine cotton wooll were drawneout: among thefe 
 leaues rifeth Vp a long greene round ftalke, a footc and a halfe high or more, whereon, 
 is fet a great long bufh of flowers, which blowing open by degrees , firft below , and 
 fovpwards, are very long in flowring :thetoppe of the ftalke, with the flowers, and 
 their little footftalkes, are all blew, euery flower Handing outright with his ftalke, and 
 fpreading like *ftarre,diuided into fix leaues, hauing many fmall blew threeds , Han- 
 ding about the middle head, which neuer gauc ripe feede , as farre as I can heare of: 
 the root is white, fomewhat like the root of a Mufcari, but as full of wooll or threeds, 
 or rather more, then the leaues, or any other part of it. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 This hath been fent diuers times out of Turkie into England , where it 
 continued a long time as well in my Garden as in others, but fome hard 
 frofty Winters caufed it to perilh with me, and diuers others, yet I haue had 
 it againe from a friend , and doth abide frelh and greenc euery yearc in my 
 Garden, 
 
 X. % 
 
 The 
 
( / he (jar den of pleajant Flowers. 
 
 n\ 
 
 The Time. 
 
 This flowred inthe Garden of M'.Richard Barnefley at Lambeth, onely 
 enceinthemonethofMay,intheyeare 1606. after hee had there prefer- 
 ued it a long time : but neither he, nor any elfe in England that I know, but 
 thole that faw it at that time,euer faw it beare flower, either before or fince. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 It is called by diuers Bulbas Eriophories, or Itniferm, that is, Woolly Bul- 
 bous ; but becaufe it is a Iacinth, both in rootc, lea fe, and flower, and not a 
 Ntrcijfus, or Daft’od ill, it is called Hyacinthos Eriophorus, or Laniferus, The 
 Woolly Iacinth. It is very likely, that Theophraftus in his feuenth Book & 
 thirteenth Chapter, did meane this plant, where hee declareth , that gar- 
 ments were made of the woolly fubftance of a bulbous roote 1 , thatwas ta- 
 ken from between the core or heart of the roote (which, as hee faith , was 
 vfed to be eaten) andthcoutermoft fhels orpeelingS; yetCIufiusfeemeth 
 to fatten this woolly bulbous of Theophraftus, vpon the next Iacinthof 
 Spaine. 
 
 Hyacinthus SteBatas % alicas maior, valgo Periit»»!. 
 
 The great Spanifh Starry Iacinth, or of Peru. 
 
 Thislacinth (the greateft ofthofe, whofc flowers are fpread like a ftarre, except the 
 two firft Indians) hath flue or fix, or more, very broad, and long greene leaues, fpread 
 vpon the ground, round about the roote, which being broken are woolly, or full of 
 threeds, like the former : in the middle ofthefe leaues rifeth vp a round fliort ftalke, in 
 comparifonof thegreatnefleof theplant (for the ftalke of the Orientali Iacinth is 
 fometimes twice fo high , whofe roote is not fo great) bearing at the toppe a great 
 head or bu(h of flowers, fafhioned in the beginning, before they bee blowne or fepa- 
 rated, very like to a Gone or Pineapple,and begin to flowerbelowe , and fo vp wards 
 by degrees, euery flower (landing vpona long blackilh blew foote- ftalke, which when 
 they are blowne open, are of a perfedt blew colour, tending to a Violet , and made of 
 fix fmall leaues, laid open like a ftarre - the threeds likewife are blewifh, tipt with yel- 
 low pendents, (landing about the middle head, which is of a deeper blew, not hauing 
 any good fent to be perceiued in it, but commendable only for the beauty of the flow- 
 ers : after the flowers are pad, there come three fquare heads, containing round blacke 
 feeder the roote is great, andfomcwhatyellowifh ontheoutfide, withaknobbeor 
 bunch at the lower end of the roote, (which is called the feateofthe rootc) like vpto 
 theMufcari, Scylla, and many other bulbous rootes, at which hang diuers white, 
 thicke, and long fibres, whereby it is fattened in the ground, which perilh not euery 
 year c, but abide continually, and therefore doth not defire much remouing. 
 
 Hyacinthus SteBtlas 'B aticusjtue Per iit Has flore albo. 
 
 The great white Spanifh ftarry Iacinth. 
 
 This other Spanifh Iacinth is in mod parts like vnto the former , but that his leaues 
 are not fo large, nor fo deep a greene : the (talks of flowers likewife hath not fo thicke 
 ahead, orbufh on it, but fewer and thinner fetrthe flowers themfclues alfo are whitilh, 
 yet hauing a fmall dafh of blufh in them : the threeds are whitiflyipt with yellow pen- 
 dents : the feede and rootes are like vnto the former , and herein confifteth the diffe- 
 rence betweene this and the other forts. 
 
 Hyacinthus Stellatus Bat icus, flue Peruanus flore carnet. 
 
 The great blulh coloured Spanifh Starry Iacinth. 
 
 This likewife differeth little from thetwo former, but onely in the colour of the 
 
 flowersj 
 
The (far den of pie a( ant Flowers. 
 
 *. ^ , 'J W4, 'f/^ M ;TnclittI#SumiTJcrOricnt*llIacinth. a Hytcinthiu M<mritdnicw. The BarbarjrTacinth. j Hyac'wtbtu obfktw HiCo^ 
 
 + tytcfotkus Hifptntcm fltn ctmpMrml*. The greater Spanifhbel-flowred Iacinth. 5 H-iacintkw ^i„rliciu The 
 
 0 f 6 tyaamiH £rie^ffT*t+ Tfee W OVUy 7 tytcintbti: SttUtThSarirmmahr^fkt^eruaam. The gir* Spaai& 
 
 i- 3 
 
j 2<5 9 * he (jar den of plea/ant Flowers. 
 
 flowers; for this being found growing among both the other, hath his head of flow 
 ers as great and large as the firft,but the buds of his flowers, before they are open, are 
 ofadeepe blufh colour, which being open, are more delayed, andofa plcafam pale 
 purple, or blufh colour, funding vpon purplifh ftalkes : the heads in the middle are 
 whitifli, and foare the threcds compalfing it, tipt with yellow. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 Thefe doe naturally grow in Spaine, in the Medowes a little offfrom the 
 Sea, as well in the Ifland Gadcs , vlually called Cales , as likewife in other 
 parts along the Sea fide, asonegoeth from thence to Porto Santa Maria, 
 which when they be in flower, growing fo thicke together , feemc to couer 
 the ground, like vnto a tapiftty of diuers colours , as I haue beene credibly 
 enformedby Guillaume Boel, a Freeze-lander borne, often before and 
 hereafter remembred , who being in fearch of rare plants in Spaine, in the 
 yeareofour Lord 1607. after that moft violent frofty Winter, which peri- 
 fhed both the rootes of this, and many other fine plants with vs, fentmee 
 ouerfome of thefe rootes for my Garden, and affirmed this for a truth, 
 which is here formerly fet downe, and that himfelfe gathered thofe he fent 
 mec,andmany others in the places named, with his owne hands; but hee 
 faith, that boththatwiththewhite, and with the blufh flowers, are farre 
 more rare then the other. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 They flower in May , the feede is ripe in Iuly. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 This hath beene formerly named Eriophorus Pir nanus , and Hyacinthus 
 SteBatus Peruanus, The Starry Iacinth of Peru, being thoughtto haue grown 
 inPcru,aProuinceoftheWeftIndics;but he that gaue that name firft vn- 
 to it,eycherknew nothis naturali place, or willingly impofed that name, to 
 conceale it , or to make it the better efteemed. It is moft generally recei- 
 uedby the name Hyaiinthus Peruanus, from the firft impofer thereof , that 
 is, the Iacinth of Peru: but I had rather giue the name agreeing moft fitly 
 vnto it, and call it as it is 'm&czdt Hyacinthus SteBatus r B*ticus,1hzS$3X\\(i\ 
 Starry Iacinth; and becaufc it is the greateft that I know hath come from 
 thence, I call it, The great Starry Iacinth of Spaine, or Spanifh Iacinth. 
 
 Hyacinthus StcBatus vulgaris, ftuc'Biftlisss Fuchjij. 
 
 The common blew Starry Iacinth. 
 
 this Starry Iacinth (being Iongcft kn owne, and therefore moft common) rifeth out 
 of the ground, vfually but with two bro wne leaues, yet fometimes with three , inclo- 
 fing within them the ftalke of flowers, the buds appearing of a darke whitifli colour, 
 as foone as the leaues open themfelues, which leaues beinggrowne, are long, and hol- 
 low, of a whitifli greene on the vpper fide, andbrowneon the vnder fide, and 
 halfe round,the browne ftalke rifing vp higher , bcareth fiuc or fixe fmall ftarre-like 
 flowers thereon, confifting of fix leaues, qfafaire dee pe blew, tending to a purple. 
 The feede is yellowifh, and round, contained in round pointed heads , which by rea- 
 fon of their heauinefle, and the weakneffe of the ftalke, lye vpon theground,and often 
 perifli with wet and frofts, &c. The roote is fomewhat long , and couered with a yel- 
 lowifh coate. ; V -.V. oj {'{■? 
 
 Hyacinthus Jlellatus flare a/^.The white Starry Iacinth. 
 
 The white Starry Iacinth hath his leaues like the former, but greene and frefh , not 
 browne, and a little narrower alfo:thcbuddes for flowers at the firft appeare a little 
 blufh, which when they are blowne, are white, but yet retaine in them a fmall fhew of 
 that blufh colour. We 
 
C T be far den of plea) ant t lowers, 1 1 ~j 
 
 Wchaue another, wbofe flowers are pure white, and fraaller then the other, the rlire *■««• 
 leaues whereof are of a pale frefh greene, and fomewhat narrower. 
 
 Hyacinth» s Stellatus flore rubente. The blufh coloured Starry Iacinth. 
 
 The difference in this from the former, is onely in the flowers, which are of a faire 
 'blufh colour, much more eminent then in the others, in all things elfe alike. 
 
 Hyacinthtu St eU 'at us Martini, flue pracoxcarulesss. 
 
 The early blew Starry Iacinth. 
 
 This Iacinth hath his leaues a little broader, of a frefher greene , and not browne at 
 all, as the firft blew Iacinth of Fuchfius laft remembred: the buds of the flowers, while 
 they are enclofed within the leaues, and after, when theftalke isgownevp, doe re- 
 laine more blew then the buds of the former • the flowers , when they are blowne o- 
 ycn, arc like the former, but fomewhat larger , and of a more liuely blew colour : the 
 rootealfois a little whiter ontheoutfide. This doth more feldomebeqrefeedc thed 
 the former. 
 
 Hyacinthus Stellatas pracox flore all». The white early Starry Iacinth. 
 
 There is alfo one other of this kinde, that beareth pure white flowers, the green lcafe 
 thereof being a little narrower then the former, and no other difference. 
 
 Hyacinthus Stellatas pracox flore fluaue rubente. 
 
 The early blufh coloured Starry Iacinth. 
 
 This blufh Coloured Iacinth is very rare, but very pleafaot,his flowers being as large 
 asthe firft ofthislaft kinde, andjfomewhat larger then the blufh of the other kinde : 
 the leaues and rootes differ not from the laft recited Iacinth. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 Allthefelacinthshaue beene found in the Woods and Mountaines of 
 Germany, Bohemia, and Auftria,as Fuchfius and Gefner doereport, and in 
 Naples, as Imperatus andothersdoe teftifie. Wee cherifhthcm all with 
 great care in our Gardens, but efpecially the white and the blufh of both 
 kindes, for that they are more tender , and often perifh for want of due re- 
 gard. . 
 
 The Time. 
 
 The common kindes, which are firft expreffed, flower about the middle 
 of February, if the weather beemildc, and the other kindes fometimes a 
 fortnight after, that is, in March, but ordinarily much about the fame time 
 with the former. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 The firft is called in Latine Hyacinthm Stellatus vulgaris , and Hyacinthus 
 Stellatus bifiolius , and Hyacinthus SteHaris Fuchfij , and of fome Hyacinthus 
 Stellatus Germanicus 5 wee might very well call the other kinde, Hyacinthus 
 Stellatus vulgaris alter , but diuers call it Pracex, and forne Martius , as it is in 
 the title. In Er.glifh they may bee feuerally called : the firft, The commonj 
 and the other, The early Starry Iacinth (notwitbftanding the firft flowreth 
 before the other) for diftimftion fake. 
 
 The Hyacinthus feemeth to be called Hacinium of Virgil in his Eclogues 5 
 forhee alwayes reckonethit among the flowers that werevfed todecke 
 Garlands,and neuer among fruits, as fome would haue it. But in that hce 
 calleth it Hacmium nigrum, in feuerall places,that doth very fitly anfwer the 
 
 common 
 
i z8 The (jar den of f leaf ant Flowers. 
 
 common receiued cuftome of thofe times , that called all deepe blew co- 
 lours, fuch as are purples, and the like, blacke ; for the Violet it felfe is like- 
 wife called blacke in the fame place, where he calleth the P tcinhm blacke]; 
 fo that it feemeth thereby, that he reckoned them to be both of one colour, 
 and we know the colour of the Violet is not blacke, as We doe diftinguifli of 
 blacke in thefedayes. But the colour of this Starry Iacinth, being both of 
 fo deepe a purplefometimes,fonearevntoaVioletcolour,andalfomore 
 frequent, then any other Iacinth with them, in thofe places where Virgil 
 liued,perfwadeth me to thinke, that Virgil vnderftood this Starry Iacinth 
 by Pacinium : Let others ludge othcrwife, if they can (hew greater probabi- 
 Iiti'c. 
 
 r. Hyxcinthw Stellatus Byzantinus nigra radite. 
 
 The Scarry Iacinth af Turkie with the blacke roote. 
 
 This Starry Iacinth of Conftaatinople hath three or foure frelh green e, thinne, an»! 
 long leaues, ofthe bignefleof the Englifnlacinth, but notfo long, bctweenc which ri- 
 feth vp a (lender lowe ftalke, bearing flue or fix fmall flowers, difperfedly fet thereon 
 fpreading open like a ftarre, of a pale or bleake blew colour : the leaues of the flowers 
 are fomewhat long, and (land as it were fome what loofly , one off from another , and 
 not fo compaftly together , as the flowers of other kindes : it fcldomc bearethripe 
 feede with vs. becaufc the heads are lb heanie, that lying vpon the ground , they rotte 
 with the wet, or arc bitten with the frofts,or both,fo that they feldome come to good: 
 the roote is fmall in fome, and reafonable bigge in others , round, and long, whire 
 within, but couered with deepe reddifti or purplifh peelings, next vntoit , and darker 
 and blacker purple on the outfide, with fome long and thicke white fibres, like fingers 
 hangingac the bottome of them, as is to be feene in many other Iacinths : the 1 aotc it 
 felfe for the mod part doth runne do wnewards, fomewhat deep into the ground. 
 
 i 
 
 t. Hyacinthus Stellatus Byzantinus mater. 
 
 The greater Starry Iacinth of Conftantinoplc. 
 
 This Iacinth may tightly be referred to the former Iacinth of Conftantinoplc, and 
 called the greater, it is fo like thereunto, that any one that knoweth that, will foone 
 fay, that this is another of that fore , butgreateras it is in all his parts, bearing larger 
 leaues by much , an d more (lore , lying vpon the ground round about the roote : it 
 beareth many lowe ftalkes of flowers, as bleake, and (landing as loofly as the former : 
 onely the roote of this, is not black on theoutfide, as the other,but three times bigger, 
 
 3 . Hyacinthus Stellatus Byzantinus alter, [me fler e her aginis. 
 
 The other Starry Iacinth of Conftantinoplc. 
 
 This other Iacinth hath for the mod part onely foure leaues , broader andgreener 
 then the firft, but not fo large or long as the fecond : the ftalke hath fiue or fix flowers 
 vpon it, bigger and rounder fet, like other ftarry. Iacinths, of a more perfect or deeper 
 blew then either ofthe former, hauinga whitilh greene head or vmbone in the mid- 
 dle, befet with fix blew chiues or threeds,tipt with blacke, fo clofly conapaffing the 
 vmbone , that the threeds feemc fo many prickes ftucke into a clubbe or head - fome 
 therefore haue likened it to the flower of Borage, and fo haue called it : after the flow- 
 ers are pad, come vp round white heads, wherein is contained round and white feede : 
 the roote is ofadarkewhitifh colour on the outfide, and fomerttnes 3 little reddifh 
 withall. r I . : 
 
 The Place. 
 
 .• ’ is'.' ; ! iib "a'A ; . > -;i!j 
 
 The firft and the lad haue beene brought from Conftantinople • the 
 firft among many other rootes, and the lad by the Lord Zouch , as Lobel 
 witneffeth. The fecond hath been fent vs out of the Lowe- Countries , but 
 from whcncethey had it, we do not certainly know. They growe with vs in 
 eur Gardens fufficiently. 
 
The (jar dm of pleajant blowers. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 <. .! ; i J _ -Jiflv.'. : . - 
 
 Thefe flower in Aprili, butthefirftis theearlieftof the reft, and is in 
 flower prefently after the early Starry Iacinth, before defcribed. 
 
 lign! The^amps. . 
 
 The former haue their names in their titles , and are not knowne vnto vs 
 by any other names that I know ; but as I faid before, the laft is called by 
 forne. Hyacinthos Bor aginis flore. The firft was fent out of Ttirkie , bythe 
 name ofSufamgiul , by which name.Iikewifc diuers other things haue beene 
 fent, fobarren and barbarous is the Turkilh tongue. 
 
 1 1 , itonr. r 1 . ,mo2,«v >• .■ ( 
 
 Hyacinthus StilUtu; ^SjUvsee maior. The greater Summer Starry Iacinth. 
 
 Thislate Iacinth hath diuers narrow greene leaues, lying vpon theground , fome- 
 what like the leaues of the Englifn.Iacinth , but differ and ftrongcr 5 among which ri- 
 feth vp around ftiffe 'ftalke, bearing many flowers at the toppe thereof, andateuery 
 footc-ftalkeof the flowers a Email ftiort leafe , of a pufplifh colour: the flowers are 
 ftarre like, of a fine delayed purplifli colour, tending to a pale blew or afh colour ftri- 
 pedonthebacke of eucryleafe, and hauing a pointed vmboneinthe middle, with 
 fomcwhitilh purple threeds about it, tipt with blew : thefeedeis blacke, round , and 
 fliining, like vnto the feede of the Englifli Iacinth, but not fobigge : the roote is round 
 and white, hauing fame long thickerootesvnder it, befides the fibres, as isvfuallia 
 many other Iacinths. I 
 
 fliftmi K3 t;vv ?i t ' • 'iii • >y > ' , i .• 
 
 Byacwthua Stellatas JSfiivtu miner. The Ieffer Summer Starry Iacinth. 
 
 ■ i. r ; 
 
 This leffer Iacinth hath diuers very long, narrow, and (Lining greene leaues, fpread 
 vponthe ground round aboutthc roote, among which rifethyp a very fliort round 
 ftalke, not aboue two inches high, carrying fix or feuen fmall flowers thereon, on each 
 fide of the ftalke, like both in forme and colour vnto the greater before defcribed, but 
 lefler by farre ••the feede is blacke, contained in three fquare heads: the roote is fmall 
 i and white, couered with a browne coate , and hauing fome fuch thicke rootes among 
 | the fibres, as are among the other. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 Both thefc Iacinths grow naturally in Portugall, and from thence haue 
 been brought, by fuch as fecke out for rare plants, to make a gaine and pro*, 
 fit by them. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 I t • * f . „ . % 
 
 They both flower in May, and not before : and their feed is ripe in Iulyi 
 
 The Names. 
 
 Some doc call thefe Hyacinthus Lufitanicus, The Portugall Iacinth. Cfu- 
 fiuSjWho firft fet out the deferiptions of them, called them as is exprelledin 
 their titles ; and therefore we haue after the Latine name giuen their Englifh, 
 according as is fet downe. Or if you plcafe, you may call them, Thegrea- 
 ter and the lelfer Portugall Iacinth. 
 
 Hyacinthus SteBaris flore ciner eo. The a!h coloured Starry Iacinth. 
 
 This afh coloured Iacinth, hath his leaues very like vnto the leaues of the Englifh 
 Iacinth, and fpreading vpon the ground in the fame manner, among which rife vp one 
 «I' two ftalkes, fet at the toppe with a number of fmall ftarre- like flowers, bufhing big* 
 
 ges 
 
The (j Arden of fleafant Flowers. 
 
 ger below then aboue, ofa very pale or white blew, tending to an afh colour, and very 
 lweete in fmell : the feede is blacke and round, likevntothe feedeef the Eaglifh Ia- 
 cinth, and fo is the rootc, being great, round, and white; fo like, I fay, that it is hard to 
 know the one from the other* 
 
 The Place. 
 
 The certaine originali place of growing thereof, h not knowpe to vs. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 It flowreth in Aprill. 
 
 TheNames. 
 
 Some doe call this Hytctnthus Semeri, Somers Iacinth , bccaufe asLobel 
 faith, he brought it firft into the Lowe-Countrics, cyther from Conftanti- 
 nople,oroutofltaly. ....... 
 
 • • fi i - • ' . . t 
 
 JJyuinthus SteBatur Ltliftlit & rtiite c*nlt9. 
 
 The blew Lilly leafed Starre Iacinth. 
 
 This Iacinth hath fix or feuen broadgreenc leaues, fomewhat likevnto Lilly leaues^ 
 but (horter (whereof it tookehis name as well as from the rootc) fpread vpon the 
 ground, and lying clofe and round .’before the (hike rifeth out from the middle of 
 thefe leaues, there doth appeare a deepc hollow place, like a hole, to bee feene a good 
 while, which at length is filled vp with the ftalke , rifing thence vnto a foote or more 
 high, bearing many ftarre-like flowers at the toppe, of a perfect blew colour, neare 
 vnto a Violet, and fometimes of paler or bleake blew colour, hauing as it were a fmall 
 cuppe in the middle, diuided into fix pecces, without any threeds therein : the feede i» 
 blacke and round, but not (hining: the roote is fomewhat long , biggebelowe, and 
 fmall aboue, like vnto the fmall roote of a Lilly , and compofcd of yellow feales , as a 
 Lilly, but the feales are greater, and fewer in number. 
 
 Hymnthus stcJUtui Lilifolim a/A*t.The white Lilly leafed Starre Iacinth. 
 
 The likeneffe of this Iacinth with the former , caufeth me to be briefe , and not to 
 repeatethe fame things againe,that haue already been expreffed : You may therefore 
 vndcrftand, that except in the colour of the flower, which in this is vvhire , there is no 
 difference betweene them. 
 
 tt«t tarn, 1 beare of one that fhOuld bearc blulh coloured flowers , but I haue not yet feene 
 
 any fuch. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 Thefe Iacinths hane been gathered on the Pyrcnseaa Hils, in that part of 
 France that is called Aquitaine, and in fomc other places. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 Thefe flower in Aprill, and fometimes later. 
 
 TheNames. 
 
 Becaufc the roote is folike vnto a Lilly, as the leafe is alfo, it hath 
 mod properly beene called Hytcinthns SteUttus Lilifolit & rtdiee, or for 
 breuity Liliftlim , that is, The Starry Lilly leafed Iacinth. It is called 
 S*rdhnghy the Inhabitants where it groweth, as Clufius maketh the re- 
 port from Venerius, who farther laith, that by experience they haue 
 found the cattell to fwdl and dye, that haue eaten of the leaues thereof. 
 
 Hjtsiatbtts 
 
1 Hi*bithmfiel]/>tHspTAC»xcdT*leut.T\\c earl/ blew rtarrjr facing. % Hjacinthusliellatus ptacox dbtu.Thc early white ftarry Tacinth. \ Hyacinthus fall*- 
 Ml 'S^otimunijrarddiM.Tbe Turkic ftarrjr Jacinth withabUcfceroote. 4 Hyacinthus 'Bytvnttmu alter fiut flare Bm*?inu, J'bcother (larry (acinth of 
 ConfUntimjplc. 5 Hyacinth* *jhv* WMior.Thc greater Summer ftarry Tacinth. 6 Hyacinth* JlelUt* flcr«esn«Tca.Thc afh coloured ftarry Jacinth. 7 Hy. 
 deimthm (Utlsttu Li liftli *.Tht Lilly leafed iUfre iaciath. t Hyacinth* *4utmn*lu> T he Autumne lacinth, £ Scilla alb* jf*t Hyacinth* matin* , The 
 ScaOam ot Squill. 
 
 The garden of pleajant Flowers, 
 
The (garden of plea/ant t lowers. 
 
 Hytc'mthui Autumn tin au/Vr.Thegrcatef Autumne lacinth. 
 
 The greater Autumne lacinth hath fiueor fix very long and narrow gfecrie leaues, 
 lying vpon the ground; the ftalkes arefetatthe toppe withmany ftarre- like flowers, 
 of a pale blewifh purple colour, with fome pale coloured threeds, tipt with blew, 
 (landing about the head in the middle, which in time growing ripe, contained therein 
 fraall blackc feede, and roundilh : the rootc is great and white on the outfidc. 
 
 Iljacintbus Autumn tin mitttr. The leflcr Autumne lacinth. 
 
 This lefier lacinth hath fuch like long and fmall leaues , but narrower then the for- 
 mer- the ftalke is not full fo high, but beareth as many flowers on it as the other, 
 which arc of a pale or bleake purple colour, very like vnto it alfo : the roote and feed 
 are like the former, but fmaller. Thcfe both for the moft part, beare their flowers and 
 feede before the greene leaues rife vp much aboue the ground. 
 
 There is a kinde hereof found that beareth white flowers, not differing in any other 
 thing from the fmaller purple kinde lull mentioned. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 The firft and laft are onely kept in Gardens, and not knowne to vs where 
 their naturali place of growing wilde may be. 
 
 The fecond groweth wildein many places of England. I gathered diners 
 
 rootes for my Garden, from the foote of ahighbankeby the Thames fide, 
 
 at the hither end of Chelfey , before you come at the Kings Barge-houfe. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 The greateft flowreth in the end of Iuly, and in Auguft. 
 
 The other in Auguft and September, you (hall feldomc fee this plant 
 With flowers and greene leaues at one timetogether. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 They haue their names giuenthem,as they are expreffed in their titles, 
 by all former Writers, except Dalefchampius , or her that fet forth that 
 great worke printed at Lyons •, for hee contendeth with many words , that 
 thefe plants can bee no Iacinths, becaufe their flowers appeaie before their 
 leaues in Aurumne, contrary to the true Iacinth,as he faith: andtherefore he 
 would faine haue it referred to fheaphrartm balbus in libra prime cap. i a . and 
 callcth ithis Tiphyum mentioned in that place, as alfo balbus xfitvm Vale - 
 ebampy. Howfoeuer thefe things may carry fomc probability in them, yet 
 the likenefieboth of rootes, and flowers efpecially , hath caufed very lear- 
 ned Writers to cntitlcthem as is fet downe,and theref ore 1 may not but let 
 them pafle in the like manner. 
 
 The Virtues. 
 
 Both the rootes and the leaues of the Iacinths arc fomewhat cold and 
 drying, but the feede much more. Itftayeththe loofnefle of the belly. It 
 is likewife faid to hinder young perfons from growing ripe too foone, the 
 rootc being drunke in wine. Ichelpeththemalfowhofevrineis ftopt. and 
 isauaileable for the yellow Iaundife;butasyou hearcfomcaredeadi j to 
 cattell, I therefore wifh all to bee well aduifed which of thefe they wil 1 vfc 
 in any inward phyficke. 
 
 SciSt alba. The Sea Onion or Squill. 
 
 As 1 ended the difeourfe of both the true and the baftard Daffodils , withtheSea 
 
 kindes 
 
The (garden of p leaf ant Flowers, 
 
 kinl^sofboth forts • fo I thinke it not amiffe,to finifh this of the Iacinths with the de- 
 fcription of a Sea Iacinth, which (as you fee) I take to be the Sulk, or Sea Onion , all 
 his parts fo nearely refcmbling a Iacinth, that I know not where toranke him better 
 then in this place, or rather not any where but here. You fnall hauethedefeription 
 thereof and chen let the iudicious palfe their fentence, as they thinke meetc/l. 
 
 The Squill or Sea Onion (as many doe call it)hath diuers thicke leaues, broad, long, 
 ereene and hollo villi in the middle, and with an eminent or fwdling ribbe all along 
 thebackc of the leafe, (I relate it as I haue feene it,hauing (hot forth his leaues in the 
 fhip by the way , as the Miriners that brought diuers rootes from out of the Straights, 
 did fell them to mee and others for ourvfe) lying vpon the ground, fomewhat like 
 vnto the leaues of a Lilly : thefe fpring vp after the flowers are part, and the feed ripe, 
 they abiding all the Winter, and the next Spring, vnnll the heate of the Summer hath 
 fpe it and wnfumed them, and then about the end of Auguft,or beginning of Septem- 
 ber the ftalke with flowers arifeth out of the ground a foote and a halfe high, bearing 
 many flarre-like flowers on the toppe, in a long fpike one aboue another, flowring by 
 decrees, the lowed fir A, and fo vpwards, whereby it is long in flowring , very like, as 
 Well in forme as bigneife, to the flowers of the great Starre of Bethlehem (thefe flow- 
 ers I haue likewife feene (hooting out of fomc of the rootes, that haue been brought in 
 the like manner: ) after the flowers are pad , there come vp in their places thicke and 
 three fquarc heads,wherin is contained fuch like flat, black, and round feed, as the Spa- 
 nilhduskic Iacinth before deferibed did beare, but greater : the root is great & white, 
 couered with many peelings or couerings, as is plainly enough feen to any that know 
 diem and that fometimes wee haue had rootes, that haue beeneasbiggeasa pretty 
 childes head, and fometitnes two growing together, each whereof was noleffe then 
 is faid of the other. 
 
 Scitti rubra ftue Tuner ilium verni». The red Sea Onion. 
 
 The roote of this Squill, is greater oftentimes then ofthe former , the outer coates 
 or peelings being reddidi, bearing greater, longer, differ, and more hollow leaues, in 
 a manner vpright: this bringeth fuch a like ftalke and flowers, as the former doth , as 
 Fabianus Ilges, Apothecary to the Duke of Briga, did fignifie by the figure thereof 
 drawnc and fent to Clufius. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 They gro wal way esneare the Sea, and neuer farre off from it, but often 
 ontheverybaich of the Sea, where it wafheth ouer them all along the 
 coafts of Spaine, Portugal , and Italy , and within the Straights in many 
 places : it will not abide in any Garden farre from the Sea, no not in Italy, 
 as it is related. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 The time wherein they flower, is expreffed to be in Auguft and Septem- 
 ber: the feede to be ripe in O&ober and Noucmber,and the greene leaues 
 to fpring vp in Nouember and December. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 Thefe are certainly thetrue kindes of SciBx that fhouldbec vfed in medi- 
 cines, although (as Clufius reporteth) the Spaniards forbade him to tafte of 
 the red Squill , as of a moft ftrong and prefent poifon. Pliny hath made 
 move forts then can be found out yet to this day with vs : that Scilla that is 
 called Epimenidia, becaufe it might be eaten, is thought to be the great Orni- 
 thegalum, or Starre of Bethlehem. Pancratium is, I know , and as I faid be- 
 fore, referred to that kinde ofbaftard Sea Daffodill , which is fet forth be- 
 fore in the end of the hiftory of the baftard Daffodils ; and diuers alfo 
 would make the Narcijfus tertius Matthitli, which I call the true Sea Daffo- 
 dill, to be a Pancratium-hut feeing Diofcorides (and no other is againft him) 
 ' - • M maketh 
 
m- 
 
 jT be (far den of pleafant Flowers. 
 
 maketh P trientium to be a kindc of Squill with rcddilh rootes , Idare not 
 vphold their opinion againft fuch manifeft truth. 
 
 ThcVertues. 
 
 The Squill or Sea Onion is wholly vfed phyfically with vs,becaufe wee 
 can receiue no pleafure from the fight of the flowers. Pliny writeth, that 
 Pithagoras wrote a volume or booke of the properties thereof, for the An- 
 gular effects it wrought; which booke is loft, yet the diuers vertues it hath is 
 recorded by others, to be effeduall for the fpleene , lungs , ftomach, liuer, 
 head and heart ; and for dropfies, old coughs, laundife, and the wormes ; 
 thatitcleareththe fight, helpeth the tooth-ache, clcanfcth the head of 
 feurfe, and running fores ; and is an efpeciall Antidote againft poifon : and 
 therefore is vfed as a principali ingredient into the TheritCA^indremieki, 
 which we vfually call Venice T reakle. The Apothecaries prepare hereof, 
 both Wine, Vinegar, and Oxymel or Syrupe, which is Angular to extenu- 
 ate and expe&orate tough fltgme, which isthc caufe of much dilquietin the 
 body, and an hindcrer of cone o<ft ion, or difgeftion in the ftomach , bcfidcs 
 diuers other way es, wherein the fcalcs of the rootes, being dryed, are vfed. 
 And Galen hath fufficiently explained the qualities and properties thereof, 
 in his eight Booke of Simples. 
 
 Chap. XII. 
 
 Orttithegtlum. Starrc of Bethlehem. 
 
 A Fter the Family of the Iacinths, muft ncedes follow the kindes of Starre-flow- 
 ers, or Starres of Bethlehem, as they are called, forthat they doe fo nearelyre- 
 femble them, that diuers haue named forae of them Iacinths, and referred them 
 to that kindred: all of them, both in roote, leafe, and flower, come nearer vnto the 
 Iacinths, then vnto any other plant. They fhall therefore bee next deferibed, euery 
 one in their order, the greateft firft, and the reft following. 
 
 Ornithtgdum Arskicnm. Thegreat Starre-flower of Arabia. 
 
 This Arabian Starre-flower hath many broad, and long greene leaues, very like vn- 
 to the leaues of the Orientali Iacinth, but lying forthe moftpart vpon the ground, 
 among which rifeth vp a round greene ftalke, almofttwo footehigh, bearing atrhe 
 toppe diuers large flowers, Handing vpon long foote-ftalkcs , andarthebottomeof 
 cucryoncof them a (mall fliort pointed greene leafe :thefe flowers are made of fix 
 pure white leaues a peece, laid open as large as an ordinary Daffbdill, but of the forme 
 ofa Starrc Iacinth, or Starre of Bethlehem, which clofc as they doe euery night, and 
 open themfelues in the day time,efpecially in the Sunne,the fmell whereof is pretty 
 fweete,butweake : in the middle of the flower is a blackifh head, compofed with fix 
 white threeds,tipt with yellow pendents : the feede hath not beene obferued with vs: 
 the roote is great and white, with a flatbottome, very impatient of our cold Winters, 
 fo that it feldome profpereth or abideth with vs ; for although fometimes it doe abide 
 a Winter in the ground, yet it often Iyeth without fpringing blade, or any thing elfe a 
 whole yeare, and then perifheth : or if it doe fpring, yet many doe not beare, and moft 
 aftertheir firft bearing doe decay and perifh. But if any be defirous , to know how to 
 preferuc the roote of this plant, or of many other bulbous rootes that arc tender , fuch 
 as the great double white Daffbdill of Conftantinople, and other fine Daffodils, that 
 come from hot Countries; let them keepe this rule : Let either the roote be planted in 
 4 large pot, or tubbe of earth, and houfed all the Winter , tliat fo it may bee defended 
 from the frofts ; O r elfe (which is the eafier way) keepe the roote out of the ground 
 euery yeare, from September, after the leaues and ftalkes are paft , vntiil February, in 
 
 fome 
 
TheCjarden of pleafant Flowers. 1 35 
 
 fome dry, but not hot or windy place , and then plant it in the ground voder a South 
 wall, or fuch like defended place , which will fpnng and no doubt profar well 
 there in regard the greatcft and deepeft frofts are pad after February, fo that feldome 
 any great frofts come after, topiercefodeepcastherooteistobe fet, or thereby to 
 doe any great harme to it in fuch a place. 
 
 ••/ft The Placei 
 
 This hath be^n often fentoutofTurkie, and likewife out of Italy ; I had 
 like wife two rootes Cent mce out of Spainc by Guillaume Boel before re- 
 membred, which (as heefaid)hee gathered there, but they profpered not 
 with me, for wailt of the knowledge of the former rule.lt may be likely that 
 Arabia is the place, from whence they of Conftantinople receiue it. 
 
 • •* _ "r;/ . wQTien , no:' >* 'firry.* ■ r 
 
 < ’ The Time. • • < ' 
 
 -- ■ . ■' ' id • Isol » ' > 
 
 It flowreth in Way, if it be of the firft yearesbnngmg ; or in Iunc , if it 
 q haue been ordered after the manner before fet do wne. vftoi ; 
 
 : . , OX3fll : 1 [bldl . |£l 
 
 The Names. 
 
 I t hath been fentout of Italy by the name of Lilium Alexandrinum , The 
 Lilly of Alexandria, but it hath no affinity with any Lilly. Otherscallic 
 ' Hyacinthus W/fw ; andthcItajluns, Ucmthodel pater a .-but, it/sno Ia- 
 , cinch neither, althpugh the flowers be likefpmc of them. Some alfo would 
 referre it to a NarcyJJus or Daffodill , and it, doth as little agree wit hit , as 
 With a Lilly, although his flowersi/ilargancireandwytcneirc refemblea 
 Daffodill. Clufins hath molt fitly referred it to the ftockc or kindred of 
 OrnlthoraU , or Starres of Bethlehem^as wee call themin Englijh, and 
 from the Turkifh name, Zumhul /*r^/,entituled It Ornithegalum Arabicum, 
 although Zumbul, as I haue be fort declared; is with them, a Iacinth, wee 
 may call it in Englifh, The Arab ianr Star/e-flower, or S tarre of Bethlehem, 
 
 or the great Star^re-flower of Arabia. :Xc 0 ; lij.nol. : -.-vli 
 
 0 ;Oob2-i ««noli » ladaal V^bdlad ghntfadjfcoioOT ?Dud;?lib 
 
 1 . Ornithegalum maximum album. . n't 
 
 : The greatcft white Starre- flower, or Starre of Bethlehem I 
 
 This great Starre-flower hath many f«ire,broad, long, and very frefli grceh leaues, 
 rifing vp very early, and are greater, longer, and greener then the lcaues of apy Ori- 
 ental! Iacinth, which doc abidegreene, from the beginning or middle of Iantvary , or 
 before fometimes , vntill the end of May, at which tiliiethey begin to fadcj -and the 
 ftalke with the head of flowers beginneth to rife , fo that it will haue either few or no 
 lcaues at all, when the flowers are blowne xtRe ftalke is ftrong, round, and firrae,rifing 
 two footehigh or more,bearingatthetoppeagreatbu(h of flowers, feeming at the firft 
 to be a great greerte earc of come, for it is made fpike-fafhion, which when the flowers 
 are blowne, doth rife to be very high, flendcr orfmallattheheadaboue, and broad 
 Ipreadi and buflwng below , fo rhat it is long in flowring; for they flower below firft, 
 andfovpwards by degrees : thefe flowers are fnow white, without any line on the 
 backfide, and is therein like vnto the former, as alfo in whitefiefle, but nothing fo 
 large, withawhite vmbone orheadinthe middle, befet With rtiafly white threeds, 
 tipt with yellow : the feede is bheke and round, contained in three fquare heads : the 
 roote is great, thicke, and fhort, and fomewhat yellowifhonthcoutfide, withaflat 
 bottome, both like the former, and the next that followeth. 
 
 2 . Ornithegalum miiits fpicatum album. 
 
 The great whitefpiked Starre-flower. 
 
 This fpiked Starre- flower in his growing, is fomewhat like vnto the Iaft described. 
 
‘T be (jar den of p leaf ant Flowers. 
 
 but fpringcth not vp fo early, nor hath his leaues fo greene,or large , but hath broad 
 long, whitifh greene hollow leaues, pointed at the end, among which rirethvp the 
 ftalke, which is ftrong and high, as the former, hauingagreat bufliof flowers at the 
 toppe, (landing fpike-falhion, fomewhat like the former, flipwring in the fame maner 
 by degrees, firft below, and fo vpwards ; but it is not fo thicke fct with flowers, nor fo 
 farre (prcad at the bottome as it , the flowers alfo are not fo white, and each of the 
 leaues ofthcmhaue a greene line downe the backe, leauingthe edges on both (ides 
 white : after the flowers are pad, the heads for feede grow three (quare, like the other 
 bearing fuchlike blacke feede therein ; the roote hereof is vfually bigger then the lad' 
 and whiter on the outfide. let-:- , f 
 
 * •- ' :b ' r i 
 
 3. Ornithtgilum Punutnicum. The Hungarian Starre-flower. 
 
 This Hungarian Starre flower(hooteth out diuers narrow, long, whitilh r -rccne 
 leaues, fpread vpon the ground before Winter , which are very like vnto the leaues of 
 Gilloflowers, and fo abide aboue ground, hauing a ftalke riling in the middle of them 
 the next Spring, about halfe a footc high or thereabouts, bearing many white flowers 
 at the toppe, with greene lines downe the backeof them, very like vnto the ordi- 
 nary Starres of Bethlehem : the roote is greater, thicker, and longer then the ordinary 
 Starres, and fpr the mod part, two ioyned together, fomewhat grayifh on the out fide. 
 
 4 . Ornithdgdum vuhtre. The Starre of Bethlehem. 
 
 iil :i li: : i •- ’/ . i ] 
 
 The ordinary Starre of Bethlehem is focommon, and wellknowne in all coun- 
 tries and places, that it is almoft needlefteto dcfcribcit, hauing many greene leaues 
 with white lines therein, and a few white flowers fet about the toppe of the ftalke,with 
 greenifh lines downe the backe .- the roote is whitiih, and cncreafeth aboundanrly. 
 
 Galtrii, 'fine Ornithtgilum num flere fubnirefethte. 
 
 The bulbous Afphpdill, or greene Starrp- flower. 
 
 Diuers haue referred this pkntvnto the A(phodiIs,becaufe (as I thinke) the flowers 
 hereofarc ftraked on the backe, and the leaues long and narrow, like, vnto the Afpho- 
 dils;butthc rooteof this being bulbous , I rather (as fome others doe) ioyne it with 
 th tOrnithtgtld , for they alfo haue drakes on the backe of the flowers. It hath many 
 
 whitiih greene leaues, long and narrow.fpread vpon the ground, which Turing vpin 
 
 the beginning of the y care, and abide vntill May , and then they withering, the ftalke 
 fpringcth vp aimed as high as the firft, haying many palcyellowilh greene flowers but 
 fmaller, and growing more fparfedly about the ftalke vpon Ihort foot-ftalkes,;buf in a 
 mfonable long head fpike-falhion : the feede is like vnto the fecond kinde butfmal- 
 ler : the roote is fomewhat yellowifti, like the firft great white kinde. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 The firft is onely nurfed in Gardens, his original! being not well 
 known?, yet fome attribute it vrnq t*nn<mu pf Hungary^ Thcfecondhath 
 been found ncare vnto Barcinone, and Toledo in Spaine. The third was 
 
 found m Hungary by Clufius. Our ordinary euery where in the fields of 
 
 Italy and France , and (as it is faid) in England alfo. And the laft groweth 
 likewue by the corne fields in the vpper Hungary. 
 
 TncTirae. •, 
 
 They flower in Aprill and May, and fometimes in Iune. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 fhcfifft is called by Clufius Ornithtgdmnmmmnw nlfor», becaufe itis 
 
 greater 
 
The (jar den of pie af ant Flowers, 
 
 »37 
 
 
 » Omiihoraluta^irabieum The gre.it IWre-flower of Arabia, t Omithtgulum maximum album The oreateft whiteftarrC flower. } Oitilthogalummaitu fpi* 
 «.'mi *W»»i,The oreat white fpiked rtane flower. 4 Omithtgilum Pannonicu-n album. Vbc Hungarian fhrre. flower, j ^f holdut bulb of us Galtni 3 fi Hl Q r . 
 wthujalum mains fubnirefcenre {lore. Ti\i bulbed Afphojill, or grecne (larte flower, 0"tirhog4wn Hifyamcwn minus. The Jit dj lAarre-fljvrrr 0 / Spaioe. 
 ^ 0«w/i&i>£4/w» /aretfw. The yellow fUrrc-ftowcrof Bethlehem. 2 Omirbt^alusn Neapolitanum. f he furr;- flower ofNapfts. 
 
 
 pjj [% y IvS 1V4 
 
 
 WA i ■/ y™' 
 
 ©PS 
 
 ; 
 
 J/x - > 
 
 
 j/ 
 
 ^ 2\\V^7 'xWrA 
 
 
 1 V 
 
 
 
 Mm' 
 
 vO\j M 
 
 t 
 
 JmL 
 
 
 
 
 ■IrTOP 
 
 
 f 6" It 
 
 |||K\ NI 
 
 II ' \kWA ML 
 
 
 
13 8 T, he (jar den of pie aj ant Flowers. 
 
 greater then the next, which hec tooke formerly for the greateft : but it 
 might more fitly,in my iudgement, bee called '-Afpbodthu bulbofus albtu (if 
 there be any Afphodelus bulbofus at all) becaufe this doth fo nearly refemble 
 that, both in the early fpringing, and the decay of the grcene leaues , when 
 the ftalkes of flowers doe rife vp. Diuers alfo doe call it Ornithogalum Pan- 
 nonicum maximum album. 
 
 The fecond hath his name in his title , as moll authors doe fet it downe, 
 yet in thegreat Herball referred to Dalechampius,it is called Ornithogalum 
 magnum Myconi. 
 
 The third hath his name from the place of his birth, and the other from 
 his popularity, yet Dodonatus calleth it 'Bulbtu Leucanthemos. 
 
 The laft is called by diuers Afphodelo-hyacwthinm , and Hjacintho-afpho- 
 dcltu Galeni. Dodonatus calleth it Afphodelus femina , and Afpiodeltu bnl • 
 bofus. But Lobel, and Gerrard from him, and Dodonaeus, doe make this to 
 haue white flowers, whereas all that I haue feenc, both in mine owne, and in 
 others Gardens , bore greenilh flowers , as Clufius fetteth it truely downe. 
 Lobel feemeth in the deferiptionof this , to confound the Ornithogalum of 
 Mompelier with it, and calleth it Afphodelus hyacinthinus forte Galcni , and 
 faith that fome would call it Pancratium MtnfpelienfeymA Afphodelus Galcni . 
 But as I haue Ihewed, the Ornithogalum [picatum and this, doe plainly differ 
 
 the one from the other, and arc not both to be called by one name, nor to 
 be reckoned one, but two diftindt plants. 
 
 Ornithogalum ts£thiepicum.Thc Starre- flower of ^Ethiopia. 
 
 The leaues of this plant are a foote long, and at the lead an inch broad, which being 
 broken, arc no lcffe woolly then the woolly Iacinth : the ftalke is a cubit high , ftrong 
 andgrcene ; fromthemiddlewhereofvntothetoppe, Hand large fnow white flow- 
 ers, vpon long, greene, thicke foot-ftalkes,and yellowifh at the bottome of the flower- 
 in the middle whereof ftandfix white threeds, tipt with yellow chiucs, compafling 
 the head, which is three fquare, and long containing the feede: the roote is thicke 
 and round, fome what like the Afphodelus Galeni. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 This plant was gathered by fome Hollanders, on the Weft fide of the 
 Cape of good Hope. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 It fio wred about the end of Auguft with thofe that had it. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 Becaufe it came from that part of the continent beyond the line, which it 
 reckoned a part of ^Ethiopia, it is thereupon fo called as it is fet downe. 
 
 Ornithogalum Neapolitanum. The Starre- flower of Naples. 
 
 This bcautifull plant rifeth out of the ground very early, with foure or flue hollow 
 pointed leaues, ftanding round together, of a whitifli greene colour, with a white line 
 downethemiddlcofeucry leafeonthe infide, fomewhat narrow, but long,(Fabius 
 Columna faith, three foot long in Italy, but it is not fo with vs) in the middle of thefe 
 leaues rifeth vp the ftalke, a foote and a halfe high, bearing diuers flowers at the toppe, 
 euery one ftanding in alittlecuppe or huske, which is diuided into three pr foure 
 parts, hanging downe very long about the heads for feede: after the flower is part, 
 thefe flowers doe all hang downe their heads, and open one way, although their little 
 foot- ftalkes come forth on all fides of the greater ftalke, being large, and compofcd of 
 fix long leaues, of a pure white on the infide, and of a bkwifii or whitifli greene colour 
 
 on 
 
T be garden of plea) ant t lowers. 
 
 on the outfide, leauing the edges of euery leafe white on both fides : in the middle of 
 thefe flowers ftand ocherfmall flowers, cacli of them alfo made of fix fmallwhite 
 kaues a peece, which meeting together, feemeto makethefhewofacuppe, within 
 which arecontained fix white threeds, tipt with yellow , and a long white pointell in 
 the middle of them, being without any fent at all : after the flowers are part , come vp 
 great round heads, which are too heauie for the ftalke to beare- and therefore lye 
 downc vpon the leaues or ground, hauing ccrtaine lines or ftripes on the outfide, 
 wherein is contained round, blacke, rough lee de : the roote is great and white , and 
 fomewhat flat at the bottome, as diuers of thefe kindes are , and doe multiply as plen- 
 tifully into fmall bulbes as the common or any other. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 This Starre-flowergrowcth in the Medowes in diuers places of Naples, 
 as Fabius Columna, and Ferrantes Imperatus doc teftifie, from whence 
 they haue been fent. And Matthiolus, who fetteth out the figure thereof 
 among his Daffodils, had (it fnould feeme) feene it grow with him. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 It flowreth in May,although it begin to fpring out of the ground often- 
 times in Nouembcr, but moft vfually in Ianuary : the feede is ripe in Iuly. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 Matthiolus reckoneth this (as is faid) among the Daffodils, for no other 
 refpeift, as I concciue, then that he accounted the middle flower to bee the 
 cuppe or trunke of a Daffodill, which it doth fomewhat refcmble, and fet- 
 teth it forth in the fourth place, whereupon many doe call it Ntrcijfm qxtr- 
 tus Mitthioli, The fourth Daffodill of Matthiolus. Fabius Columna calleth 
 it HjMHthus truomm Orntihogdifltre. Clufius (to whom Im peratus fent it, 
 in flead of the Arabian which hee defired) calleth it of the place from 
 whence he receiued it, Ornithogtlum Niopelitarrnm^ and we thereafter callit 
 in Englifh, The Starre-flower of Naples. 
 
 OrnitbtgtUm Hifpwkum mimu . The little Starre-flower of Spaine. 
 
 Clufius hath fet forth this plant among his OrnithognU or Starre-flowers , and al- 
 though it doth in my minde come nearer to a Hyacinthus, then to Ornithogilum , yet 
 pardon it, and let it paffe as he doth. From a little round whitifh roote, fpnngeth vp in 
 the beginning of the yeare, fiue or fix fmall long green leaues, without any white line 
 in the middle of them, among which rife vp one or two fmall ftalkts , an hand length 
 high or better, bearing feuen or eight, or more flowers, growing as it were in a tuft or 
 vmbell , with fmall long leaues at the foote of euery ftalke , the lower flowers being 
 equall in length with the vppermoft, of a pale whitifh blew or alh colour, with a ftrake 
 or line downe the backe of euery leafe of them, with feme white threeds ftandinga- 
 beutablewifh head inthemiddle : thefe flowers paffe away quickly, and giue no feed, 
 fo that it is not knowne what feede it beareth. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 Thisgroweth in Spaine, and from thence hath been brought to vs. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 It flowreth in May. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 It hath no other name then is fet down in the title, being but iately'found 
 out. x.Orni- 
 
The (jar den of pie a f ant timers. 
 
 \.Or»itbegdnm Mum vstiftlium.The white ftarre-flowcr with one blade. •• 
 
 This little ftarre-flower I bring into this place, asthefitteft in my opinion where to 
 
 J ilace it, vntill my mind e change to alter it. It hatha very finall round white roote, 
 rom whence fpringeth vp one very long and round grecne lcafe, like vnto a ru(h, but 
 that for about two or three inches aboue the ground, it is a little flat , and from thence 
 fpringeth forth a fmall ftalke not aboue three or fourc inches high , bearing at the top 
 thereof three or foure fmall white flowers , confiding of fix leaues a peece , within 
 which are fix white chiues , tipt with yellow pendents , {landing about a fmall three 
 fquarc head, that hath a white pointdl flicking as it were in the middeft thereof : the 
 flower ispretty and fweete, but not heady. 
 
 Oruithigulum luteum. The yellow Starre of Bethlehem. 
 
 This yellow Starre-flower rifeth vp at the firft,with one long, round, greeniih leafe, 
 which opencth itfelfefomewhat aboue the ground, and giueth out another fmall 
 leafe, Idler and (horter then the firft , and afterward the ftalke rifeth from thence alfo, 
 being foure or fine inches high, bearing at the toppe three or foure fmall green leaues, 
 and among them foure or fiue fmall yellow ftarre-like flowers, with a greeniih line or 
 ftreake downe the backcofeuery leafe, and fome finall reddifti yellow threeds in the 
 middle: it fcldome giueth feede : the roote is round , whitifii, andfomewhatcleare, 
 very apt to perifti, if it bee any little while kept dry out of the ground , as I hauc twice 
 trycdtomyloflc. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 The firft grew in Portugall, and Clufius firft of all others defeiphers ir. 
 The other is found in many places both of Germany and Hungary, in the 
 moiftcr grounds. i 
 
 The Time. 
 
 The firft flowreth in May : the other in Aprill, and fometimes in March, 
 The Names. 
 
 Garolus Clufius callcth the firft Bulbus vnif olios, or ® «Hint, but referreth 
 it not to the ftocke or kindred of any plant ; but (as you fee) I haue ranked it 
 with the fmall forts of Orssithtgdlum, andgiueitthename accordingly. 
 
 The other is referred for likenefle of forme, and not for colour, vnto the 
 Orssiihtgdld, or Starres of Bethlehem. Itiscalledby Tragus and Fuchfius 
 Bulbas fslutftris, becaufe of the obuioufnefTc. Cordus taketh it to be Sifyrin- 
 tbium. Lacuna calleth it Bulbs* efculeutus. Lobel and others inthefedayes 
 generally y Oruitbogdlum luteum, and wee thereafter in Englifh, The yellow 
 Starre- flower ,or Starre of Bethlehem. 
 
 TheVertues. 
 
 The firft kinde being but lately found out, is not knoWne to be vfed. The 
 rootesof the commoner vulgar, are (as Matthiolus faith) much eaten by 
 poore people in Italy, cither rawe or roafted, being fweeter in tafte then 
 anyChefnut, andferuingaswellfora|neceflaiy food as for delight. It is 
 doubtfull whether any of the reft may be fo vfed ; for I know not any in our 
 Land hath made any experience. 
 
 There are many other forts of Starre-flowers , which are fitter for a generali then 
 this Hiftory j aud therefore I referre them thereunto. 
 
 Chap. 
 
T be (garden of pieafant blowers. 
 
 141 
 
 Chap. XIII. 
 
 Mtlj. Wilde Garlicke. 
 
 V Nto the former Starre-flowers,mudneedes bee ioyned another tribe or kind- 
 red, which carry their ftraked flowers Sjarre-falhion, not fpikewife, but in a 
 tuft or vmbellthicke thrud or fet together.* And although diuers of them 
 fmcll not as the former, but mod oftheir firfll Grandfathers houfe, yet all doc not fo • 
 for fome of them are of an excellent fent. Of the whole Family, there are a great many 
 whichlmudleaue, I will onely feled out a few for th is our Garden , whofeflowerS 
 for their beauty offtatelinelfe, forme, or colour, are fit to bee entertained, andtake 
 place therein, euery one according to his worth, and are accepted of with thelouers 
 of thefe delights. 
 
 1 . Mtlj Homericum, vel poti/a Theophrotti. 
 
 The greated Moly of Homer. 
 
 Homers Moly (for foit is mod vfually called with vs) rifethvp mod commonly 
 with two, and fometim.es with three great, thicke, long , and hollow guttured leaues, 
 ofa whidfhgreene colour, verynearethe colourof theTulipaleafe, hauingfome- 
 times at the end of fome of the leaues, and fometimes apart by it fejfe, a whirilb round 
 fmall button, like vnto a fmall bulbe, the like whereof alfo, but greater, doth grow be- 
 tweenethebottome of the leaues andthedalkeneare the ground, which being plan- 
 ted when it is ripe, will grow into a roote of the fame kinde : among thefe leaues rifeth 
 vp a round, drong, and tall ftalke, a yard high or better, bare or naked vnto the toppe, 
 where it beareth a great tuft or vmbell of pale purpliili flowers, all of them almolF 
 ftanding vpon equall foot- ftalkes, or not one much higher then another, confiding of 
 fiueleauesa peece, driped downe the backe with a imall pale line, hauingaround 
 headorvmbone with fome threeds about it inthemidd: Thefe flowers doe abide a 
 great while blowne before they vade, which fmell not very drong, like any Onion or 
 Garlicke, but of a faint fmell : and after they are pad come the feedc, which is blacke, 
 wrapped in white dofe huskes : the roote groweth very great, fometimes bigger then 
 any mans dofed fid, find ling drong like Garlicke, whitilh on the outfide, and greene 
 at the toppe, if it be but a while bare from the earth about it. 
 
 i . Moly Indicum fine C me if on. The Indian Moly. 
 
 The Indian Moly hath fuch like thicke large leaues, as the Homers Moly hath , but’ 
 fhorter and broader, in the middle whereof rifeth vp a Ihort weake ftalke , almoft fiat, 
 not hauing any flowers vpon it, but a head or cluder of greenilh fcaly bulbes , inclo- 
 fed at the fird in a large thinne skinne, which being open, euery bulbe lheweth it felfe, 
 ftanding clofe one vnto another vpon his foot- dalke, of the bignede of an Acorne, 
 which being planted, will grow to bee a plancof his owne kinde : the roote is white 
 and great ^ couered wirhadarkc coate or skinne, which encrcafeth but little vndec 
 ground ; but befides that head, it beareth fmall bulbes aboue the ground , at the bot- 
 tome of the leaues next vnto the ftalke, like vnto the former. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 Both thefe doe grow in diuers places of Spaine, Italy, and Greeces fpjf 
 the lad hath been fent out of T urkie among other rootes. Ferrantcs Impe- 
 ratus a learned Apothecary of Naples, fent it to diuers of his friends in 
 thefe parts, and hath described it in his naturali hidory among other 
 plants, printed in the Italian tongue. It grew alfo with Iohn T radefcante at 
 Canterbury, who fent me the head of bulbes to fee, and afterwards a roote, 
 to plant it in my Garden* 
 
1 4-x 
 
 The (jarden of pleafant Flowers. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 The firft flowreth in the end of May, and abideth vnto the midft of Iuly, 
 and fometimes longer. The other beareth his head of bulbes in Iuneand 
 Iuly. 
 
 The Names. y 
 
 We haue receiued them by their names expreffed in their titles , yet the 
 laft hath alfo been fent by the name of Ornithogalum It ulicum, but as all may 
 eafily fee, it is not of thatkindred. 
 
 ?• .1*7, •. : lit*./ I v . ai-iv; 
 
 i. Mtlj mont&uum Ptunomcum bulkifcrum primum. 
 
 T he firft bulbed Moly of Hungary . 
 
 - 10 
 
 This firft Hungarian Moly hath three or foure broad and long greene leaues, folded 
 together at the firft, which after open themfclues, and are carried vp with theftalke, 
 (landing thereonone aboue another, which is a foote high- at the toppe whereof doe 
 grow a few fad reddifh bulbes, and betweene them long footftalkes , bearing flowers 
 of a pale purplidi colour; after which followeth blacke feede , inclofed in roundilh 
 heads: the roote is not great, but white on the outfide, very like vntotherooteof 
 Serpents Moly, hereafter defcribed,encreafingmuchvnderground,&fmcllingftrong.' 
 
 a. Mely motiunnm Pannonicum iulbifcrum fecundum. 
 The fccond bulbed Moly of Hungary. 
 
 •jj 
 
 The fecondMoly hath narrower greene leauesthen the former :the ftalke is about' 
 the fame height, and beareth at the toppe a great clufter of fmall greene bulbes, which 
 after turne of a darker colour; from among which comeforth long foot-ftalks, where-; 
 
 on (land purplidi flowers : the root? is coucrcd with a blaekilh purple coate or skinnej 
 
 r ‘ ■■ 1 >; . !d slii. ■:;* 
 
 3 . Mtly Scrpeutinum. Serpents Moly. 
 
 This Moly muft alfo be ioynedvnto the bulbous Molyes, as of kindred with them, 1 
 yet of greater beauty and delight, becaufe the bulbes on the heads of the fmall ftalkes 
 are redder, and more pleafant tobehold: the ftalkeis lower, and his graffie winding 
 leaues, which turne themfclues (whereof it tooke the name) are fmaller, and of a whi- 
 ter greene colour: it beareth amongthe bulbes purplidi flowers alfo, but morebeau- 
 tifull, the fent whereof is nothing (o ftrong : the roote is fmall, round, and whiti(b,en- 
 creafing into a number of fmall rootes , no bigger then peafe round about the greater 
 
 roote. * > 
 
 4. Moly ctule & fcltjs trUnguhrikui.lhz three cornered Moly. '■* 
 
 notj vs m, oihvutthaJologfiibntft 
 This three fquare Moly hath foure or fiue long, and fomewhatbrdadpale greene 
 leaues, flat on the vpper fide, and with a ridge downe the backe ofthe leafe, which ma- 
 keth it feeme three fquare : the ftalke which rifethvp a foote and a halfe high orber- 
 ter,is three fquare or three cornered alfo, bearing at thetoppeoutof askihniehuskc 
 diuers white flowers, fomewhat large and long, almoft bell-falhion , withftripesof 
 greene downe the middle of eneryleafe, and a few chiues tipt with yellow in the 
 middle about the head , wherein when it is ripe , is inclofed fmall blacke feede : the 
 route is white on the outfide, and very like the yellow Moly ; both roote, leafe, and 
 flotfer hath a fmackc, but not very ftrong of Garlickc. 
 
 j. Moly Nurcifsinuftlijs. Daffodill leafed Moly. 
 
 i This Moly hath many long, narrow, and flat greene leaucs,very 1 ike vnto the leaues 
 of a Daffodill, from whence it tooke his name (or rather of the early greater Um <i„m 
 
 S'- — ’ bulbofum. 
 
The Lfardtn of pteajant timers 
 
 * veljjotiMTbtiphrMfli.Thc gTMfeft Moly of Homer. 1 Jtlolj Tndicnm fiu0 ^MVfaflH^Thelniiia Moly. i iMotyT/ominuum bultiferum. 
 
 i " . ' • ‘ ■ i - V--.. uitiumi, * ynnj I, wwjrr. I ihihumii mvijri 4 
 
 The bulbed Moly of Hungary. 4 *Moly SerpentioMm.^crpcnts Moly. f Maly purpureum Nt*pahf 4 n*v». The purplilh M0I7 of Naples £ Jlhlycaul* & 
 1 « fity*lr***P*i 4 Tihii.The three cornered Moly. 7 '%Moly Utifalium flara lute» The yellow Moly. 8 MalyDiafianJenm Hifpdnicuni.TheSpanifh Moly of 
 PioCwfidct. $ tMaljZibttiiwiyi yd •Mafckvima.Th ': fwceec fiacllm® &JoJy <?f Mompt Jier. iq Cwifanw.Ttit late Pineapple Moly. 
 
 | 
 
 yi iKgL ml 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 10 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ffrill 
 
 11 
 
 1 
 
14 . 4 . 'The Cjarden of pie a f ant blowers. 
 
 bulbtfum or bulbed Violet before deferibed, ioyned next vnto the Daffodils, becaufe 
 it is fo like them) among which rifeth vp two or three ftalkes fomctimes,each of a foot 
 and a halfe high, bearing at the toppe, inclofedin a skinny hofc, as all tht-Molycs 
 haue, a number of fmall purplifh flowers, which doc not long abide, but quickly fade: 
 thefeedeis blacke as others are 5 the roote is fometimes knobbed, and more often 
 bulbed, hauing in the knobs fome tnarkes of the old ftalkes to be fecne in them , and 
 fmelleth fomewhat like Garlickc, whereby it may be knowne. 
 
 6. Mtly mtnUnum Utiftlium latte fere. The yellow Moly. 
 
 The yellow Moly hath but one long and broad Ieafe when it doth not beare flower 
 but when it willbeare flower, it hath two long and broad leaues,yet one alwaicslonger 
 and broader then the other, which are both of the fame colour, and neat c the bignefle 
 ofareafonableTulipaleafe: betweene thefe leaues gro weth a (lender ftalke , bearing 
 at the toppe a tuft or vinbcll of yellow flowers out of a skinnic hofe, which parteth 
 three way es, made of fix leaues a peece, laid open like a Starre , with a greenifh backe 
 or outfide, and with fome yellow threeds in the middle : the feede is blacke, like vnto 
 others : the roote is whitifli, two for the mod part ioyned together, which encreafeth 
 quickly, and fmelleth very ftrong of Garlickc, as both flowers and leaues doe alfo. 
 
 7. Mtly Pyrentum far fur turn. The purple mountaine Moly. 
 
 This purple Moly hath two or three leaues , fomewhat like the former yellow 
 Moly, but not fo broad, nor fo white : the ftalke hath not fo many flowers thereon, but 
 more fparingly, and of an vnpleafant purple colour: the roote is whitifli, fmclling 
 fomewhat ftrongly of Garlickc , but q uickly perifheth with the extremity of our cold 
 Winters, which it will not abide vnlefle it be defended. 
 
 8. Mtly monttnnm latifolium purpureum Hifptnicum. 
 j The purple Spanifh Moly. 
 
 This Moly hath two broad and very long greenc leaues, like vnto the yellow Moly, 
 in this, that they doecompafleoneanotheratthebottome of them, between which 
 rifeth vpa ftrong round ftalke, two foote high or more, bearing at the toppe, out of a 
 thinne huske, a number of faire large flowers vpon long foot-ftalkes, confiding of fix 
 leaues a peece, fpread open like a Starre, of a fine delayed purple or blulh colour, with 
 diuers threeds of the fame colour, tipt with yellow, ftanding about the middle head : 
 betweene the ftalke and the bottomeofthe leaues it hath fome fmall bulbes growing, 
 which being planted , will foone fpring and encreafe : the roote alfo being fmall and 
 round, with many fibres thereat, hath many fmall bulbes fhooting from them • but 
 neither roote, leafe, nor flower, hath any ill fent of Garlicke at all. 
 
 9. Mtly purpureum Neapilitauum. The purple Moly of Naples. 
 
 The Neapolitane Moly hath three or foure fmall Ionggreene leaues fet vpon the 
 ftalke after it is rifen vp, which beareth a round head of very fine purple flowers, made 
 of fix leaues a peece, but fo doling together at the edge, that they feeme like vnto 
 fmall cuppes, neucr laying themfelues open , as the other doe ; this hath fome fent of 
 his originali, but the roote more then any part clfe, which is white and round, quickly 
 cncrcafing as molt of the Molyes doe. 
 
 Z O. Mtly pyxidatum argenteum Hifptnicum, 
 
 The Spanifh filuer cupped Moly. 
 
 This Spanifh Moly hath two or three very long rufh like leaues, which tile vp with 
 the ftalke, or rather vanifh away when the ftalke is rifen vp to bee three foote high or 
 more, bearing a great head of flowers, ftanding clofeat the firft, but afterwards fprea- 
 ding much one from another, euery flower vpon a long foote-ftalke, being of a w hire 
 
 filuer 
 
The Cjarden of plea), ant F/cmrers. 
 
 < 4 ? 
 
 filuer colour, with ftripes or lines on eucry fide, and fafhioned fmall and hollow like 
 a cuppc or boxe : the feede I could ncuer obferue,becaufe it flowreth fo late , that the 
 Winter hindereth it from bearing feede with vs : the rooteis fmalland round white 
 and in a manner tranfparent, at lead fo Ihining, as if it were fo, and encreafeth nothing 
 fomuch, as many of theotherforrs -.this hath no ill fentatall, but rather a pretty 
 fmell,nottobeemiflikcd. 1 
 
 n. Moly ftrotinum Conifer um . The late Pineapple Moly. 
 
 This late Moly that was fentme with the lad defcribcd,and others alfo from Spain 
 rifeth vp with one long greene leafe, hollow and round vnto the end,towards this end 
 on the one fidc,breakcth outahead offlowers,endofed inarhinneskinne,whichaftef 
 it hath fo flood a good wh le, (the leafe in the meane time riling higher, and growing 
 harder, becommcth the ft.ilke) breaket)i,and Iheweth a great bufli or head of buds for 
 flowers, thickethrufttogethcr,fafliioned very likevmo the forme ofa Pineapple (from 
 whence I gaucit the name)of the bignefs ofa Walnut.-after this head hath flood in this 
 manner a moneth or thereabouts, the flowers fhew themfelues to bee ofa fine delayed 
 orwhitifli purplecolour, with diuers flripes in euery of them, of the fame cup-fafhioa 
 with the former, but not o pening fo pla inly , fo that they cannot bee difeerned to bee 
 open, without good heede and obferuation. It flowreth folate in Autumne thatthe 
 early frofls doe quickly fpoile the beauty of it, and foone caufe it to rotte : the roote is 
 fmall and round , and (Inning like the lafl, very tenderalfo, as not able to abide our 
 fharpe Winters, which hath caufed it vtterly to perifh with me. 
 
 u. Moly Dio/coridetim. Diofcorides his Moly. 
 
 The roote ofthis fmall Moly is tranfparent within, but couercd with a thicke yef- 
 lowifh skinne, of the bignefle of an Hafell Nut, or fomewhar bigger, which fendeth 
 forth three or foure narrow graffie leaues, long and hollow, and a little bending down- 
 wards, ofa whitifh greene colour, among which rifeth vp a (lender weake fla!ke,a foot 
 and a halfe high , bearing at the toppe , out of a thiane skinne , a tuft of milke white 
 flowers, very like vnto thofc of Ramfons, which Hand a pretty while in their beauty, 
 and then pafTe away for the mod part without giuing any feede : this hath little or no 
 fent of Garlicke. 
 
 We haue another of this fort that is lefTer, and the flowers rounder pointed. 
 
 13. Moly DiofcoriAcMm Hi/panicum. The Spanifh Moly of Diofcorides. 
 
 This Moly came vnto me among other Molyes from Spaine , and is in all things 
 like vnto the lad deferibed, but fairer, larger, and of much more beauty, as hauing his 
 white flowers twice as gteat as the former 5 but (as it feemeth) very impatient of our 
 Winters, which it could notat any hand endure, but quickly periflied,as fome others 
 that came with it alfo. 
 
 C 
 
 14 . Moly Mofriutinum vel Zihettimim Monfpelienfe. 
 
 The fweete duelling Moly of Mompelier. 
 
 This fweete Moly, which I haue kept for the lad, to clofe vp your fenfes, is 
 the fmalled , and the fined of all the red, hauing foure or fiue fmall greene leaues, 
 almod as fine as haires, or like the leaues of the Feathcr-grafle t the dalke is a- 
 bout a footc high , bearing fiue or fix or more fmall white flowers , laid open 
 like Starres, made of fix leaues a pcece, of an excellent fweete fent, refem- 
 bling Muske or Ciuet • for diuers haue diuerfly cenfurcd of it. It flowreth late 
 in the yeare, fo that if the precedent Summer bee either ouer mold, or the Au- 
 tumne ouer early cold, this will not haue that fweete fent, that it will haue in a 
 hot drie time , and befides mud be carefully refpe&ed : for it will hardly abide the 
 extremity of our (harpe Winters. 
 
 N 
 
 The 
 
I4<$ 
 
 7 * be (jar den of pleajant Flowers. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 The places of thefe Molyes, are for the naoftpart exprefled iatbfir ti- 
 tles, or in their deferiptions. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 The time is fet downe, for the moft part to bee in Iune and Iuly, the reft 
 later. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 To make further relation of names then arc exprefled in their tiles, were 
 necdlefle; let thefe therefore fuffice. 
 
 TheVcrtues. 
 
 All thefe forts of Molyes are fmall kindes of wilde Garlicke , and are to 
 be vfed for the fame purpofes that the great Garden Garlicke is , although 
 much Weaker in their effettts. Forany other efpeciall property is in any of 
 thefe, more than to furoifli a Garden of variety , I haue not heard at all. 
 
 And thus much may fuffice of thefe kindes for our Garden, referuing manie others 
 that might be fpoken of, to a gecerafl worke , or to my Garden of Simples, which as 
 God (hall enable me, and time giue leaue, may Ihew it felle to the world, to abide the 
 judicious and critickc cenlures of all. 
 
 ■ : ' ' ’ .. i 1 • ■■■ ; ■ ■ : m -i ,:;T 
 
 — ; f H • — -r- t 
 
 ( , ’ C H A P. X 1 1 1 1. 
 
 Utfplndelw. TheAfphodill. 
 
 T Here remaine fome other flowers, like vnto the laft deferibed, to be fpecified, 
 which although they haue no bulbous rootes, yeti thinke them fitteft tobcc 
 here mentioned, that fo I may ioynethofe of neereft firailitude together, vn- 
 till I haue finilhed the reft that arc to follow. 
 
 t.Afihtdelns mtitr Mas The great white branched Afphodill. 
 
 The great White Afphodill hath many long, and narrow, hollow three fquare 
 leaues, flrarpe pointed, lying vpon the ground round about theroOte: thcftalkeis 
 fmooth, round, and naked without leaues, which rifeth from themidftofthem, di- 
 uided at the toppe into diuers branches, if the plant bee of any long continuance , or 
 elfe but into two or three fmall branches, from the fides of the maine great one, 
 whereon doe (land many large flowers Starre-fafhion , made of fix leaues a peece, 
 whitiih on the infide, andftraked with a purplifli line downe thebackfideof euery 
 leafe, hauing in the middle of the flowers fome fmall yellow threeds : the feede is 
 blacke, and three fquare, greater then the feede of Bucke wbeate, contained in 
 roundiih heads , which open into three parts : the roote is compofed of many tube- 
 rous long cloggeSjthickeft in the middle, and fmaller at both ends, fattened together 
 at the head, of a darke grayiih colour on the outfide, and yellow within. 
 
 a. Jfphodthti allxa non rtmtfm. The white vnbratlched Afpodill. 
 
 The vnbraached Afphodill is like vnto the former, both in leaues and flowers , but 
 that the flowers of this arc whiter, and without any line or ftr-ake on the bade fide, 
 
 and 
 
The (far den of pleafant Flowers, 
 
 H7 
 
 and the ftalkes are without branches : therootes likewife are fmallcr, and fewer , but 
 made after the fame falhion. 
 
 3 . Afphoitlus muor flore ca wo. The blufh coloured Afphodill. 
 
 This Afphodill is like to the laft informcofleauesand branches , and differethih 
 this, that his leaues are marked with fomefpotSjandthe^flowers arc of a blufh orflefti 
 colour, in all other things alike. 
 
 4. Afphoicltti minimus Mus. The lead white Afphodill. 
 
 Thisleaft Afphodill hath foure or fiue very narrow long leaues , yet deeming three 
 fquare like the greateft', bearing a finall ftalke , of about a foote high among them, 
 without any branches,’ and at the toppe a few white flowers, ftraked both within and 
 without, with a purplifli line in the middle of euery lcafe. The rootes are fuch like tu- 
 berous clogges as are in the former, but much Idler. 
 
 5 . Ajphedelus slbus minor flue FiJlHloftss. The little hollow white Afpnodill. 
 
 This little white Afphodill hath a number of leaues growing thicke together, 
 
 thicker and greener then thofe of the fmall yellow Afphodill , or Kings Speare next 
 
 following, among which rifeth vp diuers round ftalkes, bearing flowers from the mid- 
 dle to the toppe, Starrc-fafhion, with fmall greene leaues among them, which are 
 white on the infide, and ftriped on the backe with purple lines, like vnto the firft de- 
 ferred : the feede,and heads containing them, are threS fquare , like the feede of the 
 little-yellow Afphodill : the rootes ofthiskindeare notglandulous,as the former, but 
 ftringie, long and white : the whole plant is very impatient of our cold Winters, and 
 quickly perifheth, if it be not carefully preferued, both from the cold, and ranch wet 
 in the Winter, by houfing it . and then it will abide many yeares : for it is notan annu- 
 ali plant, as many haue thought. 
 
 6 ,'^ifphodtlus lutem minor, fine Huflulu regia. 
 
 Thefmall yellow Afphodill, or Kings fpeare. 
 
 This finall yellow Afphodill, which is- vfaally called the Kings fpeare , hath nyny 
 long narrow edged leaues, which snake them feemc three fquare, of a blewifh or whi- 
 tilh greene colour : the ftalke rifeth vp three foote high oftentimes , befet with fmall 
 long leaues vp vnto the very flowers, which grow thicke together fpike-faftiiononc 
 aboue another, for a great length, and wholly yellow, laid open likeaStarre, forne- 
 what greater then the laft white Afphodill, and fmaller then thefirft, which when 
 they are paft yeeld round heads, containing blacke cornered feede, almoft three 
 fquare : the rootes are many long yellow ftrings,which fpreading in the ground, doc 
 much cncreafe. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 All thefe Afphodils doe grow naturally in Spaine and France, and from 
 thence were firft brought vnto vs, to furnifh our Gardens. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 All the glandulous rooted Afphodils doe flower fome in May , and fome 
 inIune;butthetwo laft doe flower, the yellow or laftofthem inluly,and 
 the former white one in Auguft and September, and vntill the cold and 
 winter hinder it. 
 
 TheNames. 
 
 Their feuerall names are giuen them in their titles , as much as is fit for 
 
 N * this 
 
148 c / he garden of f leaf ant Flowers. 
 
 thisdifcourfe. For to (hew you that the Gretkes doe call theftalkeof the 
 great Afphodill a and the Latines Albucum , or what elfe belongeth 
 to them, is fitter for another worke, vnto which I leaue them. 
 
 T he baftard A fphodils fhould follow next in place, if this worke were fit for them ; 
 but becaufe I haue tyed my felfe to expreffc onely thofe flowers and plants , that for 
 their beauty, or fent, or both, doe furnifh a Garden of Pleafure , and they haue none, I 
 leaue them to a generali Hiftory of plants, or that Garden of Simples before fpoken of, 
 and will deferibe the Lilly Afphodils, and the thdtngiu or Spider- worts, which are 
 remaining of thofe, that ioyne in name or fafhion,and are to be here inferted, before I 
 pafle to the reft of the bulbous rootes. 
 
 1 . Lilhfthoiclm phunicctu. The gold red Day Lilly. 
 
 Becaufe the rootes of this and the next , doe fo nearely agree'with the two laft reci- 
 ted Afphodils, I hauefetthem in this place, although fome doe place them next after 
 the Lillies, becaufe their flowers doe come neareft in forme vnto Lillies 3 but whether 
 you will call them Afphodils with Lilly flowers , as I thinke it fitreft , or Lillies with 
 Afphodill rootes, or Lillies without bulbous rootes, as others doc, I will not contend. 
 
 The red Day Lilly hath diuers broad and long frefh greene leaues , folded at the 
 firft as it were double, which after open, and remaine a little hollow in the middle- 
 among which rifeth vp a naked ftalke three foot high, bearing at the toppe many flow- 
 ers, one not much diftant from another , and flowring one after another , not hauing 
 lightly aboue one flower blown open in a day, & that but for a day, not lafting longer, 
 but clofirig at night, and not opening againe ; whereupon it had his Englifh name, The 
 Lilly for a day : tliefe flowers arc almoft as large as the flowers of the white Lilly, and 
 made after the fame faihion, but of a fairc gold red, or Orange tawny colour. I could 
 neuer obferue any feede to follow thefe flowers; for they feeme the next day after they 
 haue flowred, (except the time be faire and dry) to bee fo rotten, as if they had lyen in 
 wetto rottethem, whereby I thinke no feede can follow : the rootes are many thick? 
 and long yellow knobbed firings , like vnto the final! yellow Afphodill rootes , but 
 fomewhat greater, running vndcr ground in like fort, and /hooting young heads round 
 about. 
 
 2. LilU/phodclm lutem. Theycllow Day Lilly. 
 
 I (hall not neede to make a repetition of the defeription of this Day Lilly , hauing 
 giuen you one fo amply before, becaufe this doth agree thereunto fo nearely , as that 
 it might feeme the fame; thefe differences onely it hath, the leaues are not fully fo 
 large, nor the flower fo great or fpread open, andthecolourthereofisof afaireyel- 
 low wholly, and very fweet, which abideth blowne many daies before itfade,and hath 
 giuen blacke round feede, growing in round heads, like the heads of the fmall yellow 
 Afphodill, but not fo great. 
 
 Clufius hath fet downe, that it was reported, that there fhould be another Liliafpho- 
 dm with a white flower, but we can heare of none fuch as yet ; but I ratherthinke, (hat 
 they that gaue that report might bemiftaken, in thinking the SauoycSpider-wort to 
 be awhiteLiliafphodill, which indeedc is fo like, that one not well experienced , or 
 not well regarding it, may foonc take one for another. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 Their originali is many moift places in Germany. 
 
 The Time. , 
 
 They flower in May andlune. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 They are called by fome LilUgo, and Lilium non bullofum, and LilUJpho- 
 r. A delm, 
 
The Cjar den of pleaf ant Flowers. 
 
 '49 
 
 i Affhtddui maior albus vamofus. The great white branched Afphodill. a jlffhodtlus minor albut fin fiflutofus. The little hollow white 
 Afphodill. j Afpbodclus minor lutcus.ftus Haflula roya. The fmall yellow AIphodtlljOrKtagifpcare, 4 lijiaffbothlm lultui. The 
 jcilaw Day Lilly. J Liliaffhoiklks fhtnktv. The gold red Day Lilly.' 
 
 N j 
 
150 
 
 c lbe (jar den of pleajant flowers. 
 
 ielm. In Englilh we call them both Day Lillies , but the name doth potfo 
 well agree with the laft, as with the firft, for the caufcs aboue fpecificd. 
 
 ThcVertues. 
 
 ' ' ' 7 ■ ; ' JL ' ^ : 
 
 The rootes of Afphodill hath formerly beenc had in great account }l but 
 now is vtterly negledted ; yet by reafon of their fharpeneffe they o pen ffad 
 clcanfe, and therefore fome haue of late vfed them for the yellow Iaunqifc. 
 The Day Lillies haue no phyficall vfe that I know, or haue heard. 
 
 C h a p. X V. 
 
 phtUnghm. Spider-wort. 
 
 T Hefe plants doe fo ncarely refemble thofe that are laft fet forth , that I thinke 
 none that knowes them, will doubt, but that they muft follow next vnto them 
 being fo like vnto them, and therefore of the faireft of this kinde firft. 
 
 i. PbtUugium Mtbrtgicum. The Sauoyc Spider-wort. 
 
 The Sauoye Spider- wort fpringethvp withfoure or fiue greene leaues , long and 
 narrow, yet broader at the bottome, narrower pointed at the end , and a little hollow 
 in the middle; among which rifethvp a round ftiffe ftalkc, afoote andahalfchigti 
 bearing at the toppe one aboueanother/euen or eight, or moreflowers , cucry one as 
 large almoft as the yellow Day Lilly laft deferibed , but much greater then in any o- 
 ther of the Spider-worts, of a pure white colour, with fome threeds in the middle 
 tipt With yellow, and a fmall forked pointell : after the flowers are paft, the heads or 
 fcedeveflels grow almoft three fquare, yet fomewhat round, wherein is contained 
 blackiih feede : the rootes are many white, round, thicke, brittle firings, ioyned toge- 
 ther at the head , but arc nothing fo long, as the rootes of the other PbaltmoU or S pi- 
 der-worts. * r 
 
 2 . PbtUngium mtiut UtlieumMum. The great Italian Spider-wotf. 
 
 This great Spider-wort hath diuers long and narrow leaues fpread vponthe ground 
 and not rifingvpasthe former, and not fo broad alfo as the former, but fomewhat 
 larger then thofe that follow : the ftalke is bigger, but feldome rifeth vp fo high as the 
 next, whereof this is a larger kinde, hauing a long vnbranched ftalke of white flowers 
 laid open like ftarres as it hath, but fomewhat greater : the rootes are long and white’ 
 ■like the next, but fomewhat larger. “ * 
 
 3 . PbxUnium ntn nmofum vulgtn. Vnbranched Spider-wort. 
 
 A he leaues of this Spider-wort doefeeme to bee little bigger or longer then the 
 !c - v • 'f grade, but of a more grayifn green colour, rifing immediately from the head 
 or -n: of rootes ; among which rife vp one or two ftalkes, fometimes twoorthrec 
 foo.c long, befc: toward the toppe with many white Starre-like flowers, which after 
 
 the) arc'paft turne into fmall round heads, containing blacke feede, like vnto the feed 
 of the iitdeyellow Afphodill, but leffer : the rootes are long whiteftrings running 
 vnde; ground. ° * 
 
 4- phalangium rtmofum. Branched Spider-worr. 
 
 The branched Spider-wort hath his leaues fomewhat broader then the former and 
 of a r ■ ore yelb with greene colour: the ftalke hereof is diuerfly branched at the’top 
 bearin . many white flowers, like vnto the former, but fmallcr : the feedes and rootes’ 
 are like the former in all things. 
 
 The 
 
I he Cjarden of pled/ant blorwrs. 
 
 i Phalangium AUoarogictm. The Sauoye Spider-wort, i Phalangium nan ramtfam. Vn- 
 branched Spider-wort. 5 phalangium ramafnm. Branched Spider-wort. 4 Phalangium 
 Ephcmcrum ftrglmamm. lohn Tradefcante’s Spider-wort. 
 
The (jar den of pleafant flowers. 
 
 ifi 
 
 The Place. 
 
 The firft groweth on the Hils neare vnto Sauoye , from whence diuers 
 allured with the beauty of the flower, haue brought it into thefe parts. * 
 
 The fccond came vp in my Garden, from the feede receiued out of Italy. 
 The others grow in Spaine, France, &c. 
 
 _ The Time. 
 
 Thevnbranched Spider-wort mod commonly ffowreth before all the 
 other , and the branched a moneth after it : the other two about one time 
 that is, towards the end of May, and not much after the vnbnn c hed kinde! 
 
 The Names. 
 
 The firft (as I faidbefore) hathbeene taken tobea whircLilliafphodill 
 and called Ltliafpbtdelm flore alko ; but Clufius hath more properly entitu- 
 led it a Phalangium, and from the place of his originali, gaue him his other 
 denomination, and fo is called of moft,as is fet downe in the title. 
 
 The other haue no other names then are exprefled in their titles, but only 
 that Cordus calleth them Ltli age 5 and Dodonaeus,/*'^, hi ft. plait, would 
 make the branched kinde to bee Melj alterum Pliny , but without any good 
 ground. 
 
 The Vertucs. 
 
 The names Phalangium and Phalangites were impofed on thefe plants' 
 becaufe they were found effectual!, to cure the poyfon of that kinde of Spi- 
 der, called Phalangium^ alfo of Scorpions and other Serpents. Weedoe 
 not know, that any Phy fitian hath vfed them to any fuch, or any other pur- 
 pofeinourdayes. 
 
 S. Phalangium Epbemerum Virginian um Uannis Trade/cant. 
 
 The foon fading Spider- wort of Virginia, or Tradefcant his Spider- wort. 
 
 This Spider- wort is oflate knowledge, and for it theChriftian world is indebted 
 vnto that painfull induftrious fearcher, and louer of all natures varieties, Iohn Trade- 
 fcant (fometimes belonging to the right Honourable Lord Robert Earle of Salisbury 
 Lord T reafurcr of England in his time , and then vnto the right Honourable the Lord 
 Wotton at Canterbury in Kent , and laftly vnto the late Duke of Buckingham) who 
 firft receiued it of a friend, that brought it out of Virginia, thinking it to bee the Silke 
 Graffe that groweth there, and hath imparted hereof, as of many other things, both to 
 me and others • the defeription whereof is as followeth : 
 
 From a ftringie roote , creeping farre vnder ground, and tiling vpagaine in many 
 places, fpringeth vp diuers heads of long folded leaues, ofa.grayifh oiier-worne 
 greene colour, two orthreeforthemoft part together, and notabouc,compaifing one 
 another at the bottome, and abiding greene in many places all the Winter; other- 
 where periling , and riling anew in the Spring, which leaues rife vpwith thereat 
 round ftalke, being fet thereon at the ioynts, vfually but one ataioynt, broad at the 
 bottome where they compafle the ftalke, andfmaller and fmaller to the end : at the 
 vpper ioynt, which is the toppe of the ftalke, there ftand two or three fuch like leaues, 
 but fmaller, from among which breaketh out a dozen, fixteene, or twenty, or more 
 round green heads, hanging downe their heads by little foot-ftalkes, which when the 
 flower beginneth to blow open, groweth longer, and ftandeth vprighr , hauing three 
 fmall pale greene leaues for a huske,and threeother leaues within them for the flower 
 which lay themfelues open flat, of adeepc blew purple colour, hauing an vmboneor 
 fmall head in the middle, clofely fet about with fix reddidi, hairy, or feathered threeds 
 tipc withycllow pendents : this flower openeth it felfein the day,& Ihutteth vfually at 
 
 night. 
 
The (far den of plea) ant t lowers, 
 
 night, and neueropenethagaine, but perifheth, and then hangeth downe his head a- 
 gaine 5 the grcene huske of three leaues, clofing it felfe againe into the forme of a head , 
 butgreater, as it was before , the middle vmbooe growing to bcethefeede veffell* 
 wherein is contained fmall , blackiih, long feede : Seldome fhall any man fee aboue 
 one, or two at the moft of thefe flowers blowneopen at one time vpon the ftalke 
 whereby it ftandeth in flowring a longtime , before all the heads haue giuen out their 
 flowers» 
 
 The Place. 
 
 115 
 
 This plant groweth in fome parts of Virginia, and was deliuered to Iohn 
 Tradefcant. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 It flowreth from the end of May vntill Iuly , if it haue had greene leaues 
 ail die Winter, or otherwife, vntill the Winter checke his Iuxurioufneffe. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 V nto this plant I confeffe I firft impofed the name, by confidtring duely 
 all the parts thereof, which Vntill fome can findc a more proper, Idefire 
 may ftili continue, and to call it Efhcmtrum Firginuaum Tradefcunti, Iohn 
 Tradefcante’s Spider- wort of Virginia, or Phdanginm Ephemcram FirgiaU- 
 num, ThefooncfadingorDaySpider-wortofVirginia. 
 
 The Vcrtues. 
 
 There hath not beerte arty tryall made of the properties fince wee hadic, 
 nor doe we know whether the Indians haue any vfe thereof. 
 
 Chap. XVI. 
 
 Colchicam. Medowe Saffron. 
 
 T O returnetothe reft ofthe bulbous and tuberous rooted plants , that remaine 
 to bee entreated of, the Colchica, or Medowe Saffrons are firft to bee handled, 
 whereof thefe later dayes haue found out more varieties, then formerly were 
 knowne ; fome flowring in the Spring, but the moft in Autumne, and Ibtne bearing 
 double, but thegreateft part Angle flowers : whereof euery one in their order, and 
 firft of ourowne Country kindes. 
 
 1 . Colchicam Anglicam album . The white Engliih Medowe Saffron. 
 
 It is common to all the Medowe Saffrons, except that of the Spring, and one other , * 1 
 to beare their flowers alone in Autumne or later, without any green leaues with them, 
 and afterwards in February, their greene leaues : Sothatlfhallnotneedetomake ma- 
 nie deferiptions, but to fliew you the differences that confift in the leaues, and colours 
 of the flowers ; and briefly to paffe (after I haue giuen you a full defeription of the 
 firft) from one vnto another, touching onely thofe things that are note worthy. The 
 white Englifh Medowe Saffron then doth beare in Autumne three or foure flowers at 
 the moft, (landing feuerally vpon weake foote-ftalkes, a fingers length or mote aboue 
 theground, made of fix white leaues, fomewhat long and narrow, and not fo largeas 
 moft ofthe other kindes, with fome threeds or chiuesin the middle, like vnto the 
 Saffron flowers of the Spring, wherein there is no colour of Saffron , or vertue to that 
 effeift: after the flowers are pad and gone, the leaues doe not prefently follow, but 
 the roote remaineth in the ground without (hew of leafe aboue ground, moft part of 
 the Winter, and then in February there fpring vp three or foure large and long greene 
 
 leaues. 
 

 i*+ 
 
 The (jar den of pleafant timers. 
 
 leaues, when they are fully growne vp, (landing on the toppc of a round, weakc, green, 
 and fliort foote-llalke, fomewhat like the leaues of white Lillies, but not fo large, and 
 in the middeft of thefe'leaues, after they haue been vp fometimc, appeare two or three 
 loofe skinny heads, ftanding in the middle of the leaues vpon fliort, thicke, grecnc 
 ftalkes. and being ripe, contcine in them round fmallbrownifhfeede, that lye as it 
 were loofetherein, and when the head is dry, may bee heard to rattle being fhaken : 
 the roote is white within, but couered with a thicke blackifh skinne or coat e, hauing 
 one fide thereof at the bottome longer then the other, with an hollowneffe alfoon 
 the one fide of that long eminence, where the flowers rife from the bottome, and 
 fhootingdownc from thence a number of white fibres, whereby it is fattened in the 
 ground ; the greene leaues afterwards rifing from the top or head of theroote. 
 
 a. Colchicum Anglic um furfureum. T he purple Englifh Medowe Saffron. 
 
 There is no difference at all in this Medowe Saffron from the former,but only in the 
 colour of the flowers, which as they were wholly white in theformer, Coin this they 
 arc of a delayed purple colour, with a fmall fhew of veines therein. 
 
 3. Colchicum Pannonicum album. The white Hungary Medowe Saffron. 
 
 The greateft difference in this Colchicum from the former Englifh white one, is, that 
 it is larger both in roote, leafe, and flower, and befides, hath more flore of flowers to- 
 gether, and continuing longer in beauty, without fading fofoone as the former, and 
 are alfo fomewhat ofa fairer white colour. 
 
 4. Colchicum Pannonicum furfureum. The purple Hungary Medowe Saffron. 
 
 This purple Medowe Saffron is fomewhat like vnto the white ofthis kinde, but that 
 it bcareth not fo plentifully as the white, nor doth the roote grow fo great ; but the 
 flowers are in a manner as large as thcy,andofthelikepaledelayed purple colour, or 
 fomewhat deeper , as is in the purple Englifh, withfomc veines ormarkesvponthc 
 flowers, making fome fhew of a checker on the out fide, but not fo confpicuous, as in 
 the true chcckerd kindes. Wee haue a kinde hereof is party coloured with white 
 ftreakes and edges, which abide conflant , and hath been raifed from the feede of the 
 former. 
 
 5 . Colchicum 'Byzantinum. Medowe Saffron of Conftantinople. 
 
 This Medowe Saffron of Conftantinople hath his leaues fo broad and large, that 
 hardly could any that neuer faw it before, iudge it to be a Colchicum ; for they are much 
 larger then any Lilly leaues, and of a darkc greene colour : the flowers are cerrefpon- 
 dent to the leaues, larger and more in number then in any of the former purple kindes, 
 of the fame colour with the laft purple kinde, but of a little deeper purple on the in- 
 fide, with diuers markes running through the flowers , like vnto it , or vnto checkers, 
 but yet fomewhat more apparantly : theroote is in the middle greater and rounder 
 then the others, with a longer eminence , whereby it may eafily bee knowne from all 
 other forts. 
 
 6. Colchicum Lajitauicum pritiBaricum. 
 
 The chcckerd Medowe Saffron of Portugall. 
 
 The flowers of this Medowe Saffron arc larger and longer then the flowers of either 
 the Englifh or Hungarian, and almoft as large as the laft before mentioned, and of the 
 fame colour, but a little deeper , thefpotsand markes whereof are fomewhat more 
 eafie tobefeeneeuenafarreoff, like vnto the flower of aFricillaria, from whence it 
 tooke his fignificatiue name: the leaues of this Medowe Saffron doe rife vp fooner 
 then in any other of the Autumne kindes ; for they are alwayes vp before Winter, and 
 are foureor fiue in number, fhort rather then long, broad belowe , and pointed at the 
 end, canaled or hollow, and ftanding roundaboue the ground , one encompaffingan- 
 other at the bottome, like thegreat Spanilh Starre Iacinth, callpd the Iacinth of Peru, 
 
i5<5 
 
 The (garden of p leaf ant Flowers. 
 
 butfliorter, and of a pale or grayifh greene colour, differing from the colour of all 
 the other Medo we Saffrons: the rootc is liketherooteof the Engliih or Hungarian 
 without any difference, but that it groweth fomewhat greater. It is one of the fir! Me- 
 dowe Saffrons that flower in the Autumne. 
 
 This checkerd Medowe Saffron of Naples , is very like vnto the laft recited chec- 
 kerd Saffron of Portugall.but that the flower is fomewhat larger, yet fometimes very 
 little, or not at all : the greatcfl marke to dift inguifh them is , that the flowers of this 
 are ofa deeper colour, and fo are the fpots on the flowers likewife , which are fo con 
 fpicuous, that they are difeerned a great way olf, more like vnto the flowers ofa deepe 
 Fritillaria, then the former, and make a goodlier anda mere glorious fnew : the lcaues 
 of this doe rife vp early after the flowers, and arefomewhat longer, ofa darker greene 
 colour, yet bending to a gray ifh colour as the other, not lying fo neatly or round but 
 ftandvp one by another, being as it were folded together : neither of both thefe’laft 
 named checkerd Medowe Saffrons haue giuen any feede in this Countrey that euer I 
 could learne or heare of, but arc cncrcafed by thcroote , which in this is like the for- 
 mer, but a little bigger. 
 
 This moll beautifull Saffron flower rifeth vp with his flowers in the Autumne as 
 the others before fpecified doe, although not of fo large a fize, yet farre more pleafant 
 
 and dehghtfull in the thicke, deepe blew, or purple coloured beautifull foots therein 
 
 which make it excell all others whatfoeucr : the leaues rife vp in the Spring being 
 fmallerthcntheformer, for the moft part three in number, and ofa paler or frefher 
 greene colour, lying clofe vpon theground, broad at the bottome , a little pointed at 
 the end, and twining or folding themfclucs in and out at the edges , as if they were in- 
 dented. I haue not feene any feede it hath borne: the roote is like vnto the others of 
 this kinde, but fmall and long, and not fo great : it flowreth later for the moft part then 
 any of theother, euen not vntill Nouembcr, and is very hard to be preferued with vs 
 in that for the moft part the roote waxeth leffe and leffe euery yeare, our cold Country 
 being fo contrary vnto his naturali , that it will fcarce fhew his flower • yet when it 
 flowreth any thing early, thatitmay haue any comfort ofa warmc Sunnc it is the 
 glorte of all thefe kindcs. * 
 
 7. Colchicam NtdpeliUnum FritiUtrkum. 
 The checkerd Medowe Saffron of Naples. 
 
 &. Ctlchicnm Fritltorkum chienje. 
 
 The checkerd Medowe Saffron of Chio or Sio. 
 
 p. Colchicum ver f, color. The party coloured Medowe Saffron. 
 
 moft part, and lhorter alfo. 
 
 10. Colchicam 
 
TheXjardcn of pie nf ant Flowers, 
 
 '17 , 
 
 10. Calchicum variegatum alter urn. 
 
 T here is another, whofeparty coloured flowers rife a little higher, diucrfly ftriped 
 
 and marked, with a deeper purple fcbloiir, and a pale or whitilh blulh throughoutall 
 the leaues of the flower. 
 
 former, and ota deeper reddifh purple-colour theneitherthe Englilh or Hungarian 
 kindest thcgreeneleauesalfoarclftiallerthenany other, lying on the ground , of a 
 deepe or fad greene colour, tiling vp within a while after the flowers are paft,and doe 
 abide greeneall the Winter long : the roote is fmalland long, according to the reft of 
 the plant, and likein forme to the others. 
 
 This 1 ittle kinde differeth not from the Spanifli kinde laft fet forth, but in the varie- 
 tie of the flower, which isas (mail as the former ; the three inner leaues beingalmoft 
 all white, and the three outer leaues fome of them pale or blulh , andfome party co- 
 loured, with a little greene bn the backe of fome of them. 
 
 bis flowers appeare beyond the nature ofall the former kindes, yet the flower doth, 
 after they are vp,fliew it felfein the middle of the greene leaues, confifting of fix white 
 leaues, with diuers chiues in the middle , and paffeth away without giuing any feede 
 that euer I could obferue: the greene leaues abide all the Winter and Spring follow- 
 ing, decaying about May,and appeare not Vntill September, when (as I (aid; the flow- 
 ers (hew themfelues prefently after the leaues are fprung vp. 
 
 pearing is as pale a purple, as the flower of the former Hungarian kinde : but after it 
 hath flood in flowertwo or threedayes, it beginnerh to change, and will aftera while 
 become to bee of a very deepe reddifh purple colour, as alfotbc little foote-ftalke 
 whereon it doth ftand : the flower is ofthe bignefle of the Hungarian pdrple, and fo is 
 the greene lcafe : the feede and roote is like the Englilh purple kinde. 
 
 We haue of late gained another fort of this kinde, differing chiefly in the flower,- 
 which is diucrfly ftriped thorough euery leafe of the flower , with a paler purple co- 
 lour , whereby the flower is of great beauty : this might feeme to bee a degeneration 
 from the former, yet it hath abiden conflant with me diuers yeares, and giueth feede 
 as plentifully as the former. 
 
 The double Medowe Saffron isin roote and leafe very like vnto the Englilh kinde : 
 the flowers are of a fine pate or delayed purple colour, confifting of many leaues fet 
 thickc together, which are fomewhat fmaller, as in the Englilh flower, being narrow 
 andlong, and as it were roUnd at the points, which make a very double flower, hauing 
 
 
 is. Calchicummontmum minus verpealare flare. 
 The fmall party coloured Medowe Saffron. 
 
 btlrfJ Jim 
 3 , 12 ; tm 
 
 n - . jfre A 
 
 1 4. Calchicum atropurpureum. The darke purple Medowe Saffron. 
 
 Yin 2 . . . 
 
 T he greateft difference in this kinde eonfifteth in the flower , which at the ffrft ap- 
 
 I y. Calchicum atrapurpureum variegatum. 
 
 The party coloured darke purple Medowe Saffron. 
 
 1 6. Calchicum flare plena. Double flo wred Medowe Saffron. 
 
 O 
 
 fome 
 
158 
 
 Fhe (jar den of pie af ant Flowers. 
 
 fomechiues withtliekyellowtips , difpcrfcd as it vVere among the leaues inrhe~mTd- 
 dlc : it flowrcth in September , a little after the firft Ihov of the earlier Medowe Saf- 
 frons arc paft. 
 
 17. Colchicum ’vnriegttum plenuflere. 
 
 The party coloured double MedowqSaffrom ,.L- 
 
 . ravvoflsiifio rorjr.o! _rij 
 
 We haue another of thefe double kinds (if it be not the very fame with the former, 
 varying inthefloweras nature pleafeth oftentimes;for I haue this flower in my garden, 
 as I here fet it forth, eueryyeare) whofe flowers are diuerfified in the partition of the 
 colours, as is to be feenc in the (ingle party coloured Medowe Saffron beforedeferi- 
 bed, hauing fotne leaueswhite, and others palepurple, and forae leaues halfe white 
 and halfe purple, diuerfly let or placed in the double flower, which doth confift of as 
 many leaues as the former, yet fometime this party coloured flower doth nor flietv it 
 felfe double like the former, but hath two flowers, one riling out of another , making 
 each of them to be almoft but Angle flowers, confifting of eight or ten leaues a peece : 
 but this diuerfity is not conflant; for the fame rootethat thisyeare appeareth in that 
 manner, the next y cate will returne to his former kinde of doubleflowers againe. 
 
 iS. Colchicum V trnum. Medowe Saffron of the Spring. 
 
 This Medowe Saffron rifeth Vp very early in the yeare, that is , in the end of Ianu- 
 arie fometimes, or beginning, or at the furtheft the middle of February, prefently af- 
 ter the deepe Frofts and Snowes are paft, with his flowers inclofed within thrcegrcene 
 leaues, which opening themfelues as foone almoft as they are out of the ground, (hew 
 their buds for flowers within theta very white oftentimes, before they open farrejand 
 fometimes alfo purplifli at their firft appearing , which neuer fhew aboue two at the 
 moft vpon one roote,and neuer rife aboue the leaues,nor the leaues much higher then 
 they, while they laft : the flower confiftcth of fix leaues, long and narrow, euery leafe 
 being diuided, both at the bottomeand toppe, each from other , and ioy ned together 
 onely in the middle, hauing alfo fix chiues, tipt with yellow in the middle, euery chiue 
 being ioyned to a leafe, of a pale red or deepe blufh colour, when it hath flood a while 
 blowne, and is a fmaller flower then any Medowe Saffron, except the fmall Spanifh 
 kindes onely, butcontinueth in hi? beauty a good while, if the extremity of fharpe 
 Frofts and Windes doe not fpoile it : the leaues wherein thefe flowers are cnclofed, ac 
 their firft commingvp,ar£?ofabrovviii(hgreenecolour, whichfo abide fora while, 
 efpecially on the outfide, but on the infide they are hollow, and of a whitifh or grayifli 
 grecne colour, which afterthe flowers are paft, growtobeeofrhelengthofamans 
 longcft finger, and narrow withall ; there rifeth vp likewife ip the middle of them the 
 head or feede velfell, which is fmaller and (horter, and hardefHien any of the former, 
 wherein is contained fmall round browne feede : the roote is fmall, fornew hat like vn- 
 totheroocesof theformer, butfhorter, and not hauing fb long an eminence on the 
 one fide of the bottomc. 
 
 19. Colchicum Vernam etropurpureum. Purple Medowe Saffron of the Spring. 
 
 The flower of this Medowe Saffron, is in the rifing vp of his leaues and flowers to- 
 gether, and in all things clfe,likc vnto the former, onely the flowers of this fort areat 
 their firft appearing ofa deeper purple colour, and when they are blowne alfo arc 
 much deeper then the former, diuided in like manner, both at the bottome and toppe 
 astheother, fothat they feeme, like as iffixloofe leaues were ioyned in the middle 
 part, to make one flower, and hath bis fmall chiues tipt with yellow , cleauing in like 
 manner to euery leafe. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 All thefeMedoweSaffronSjorthemoft paft of them , haue their places 
 exprefTed in their titles; fer forne grow in the fields andmedowesof the 
 champion gtounds, others on the mountaines and hilly grounds. The 
 Englifh kindes grow in the Weft parts, as about Bathe, Briftow, Warmi- 
 
 : :CJ : fter, 
 
The (jar den of pleaf ant Flowers. 
 
 159 
 
 • C*Ukit*p> mtnt *nu m Hiffminmt.T^\\n\i Spanifh Medowe Saffron. a C^icummontanHmminmverfKalneflora.The fmall party coloured MeJowe 
 5a on. a ncbicumvtrfictltr.Thc party coloured Medowc Saffron. 4 £elchtcnm variegatum alterum. Another party coloured Medowe Saffron, j fot- 
 
 • scum atnpur pur turn The darkc purple Medowe Saffron. C CoUhicumairopurpureumvari^aiurt.Tha variable darke purple Meck> we Saffron. 7 ftlcki- 
 rum t '^ , ^ w *#McdowcS®ftoa of tbc ipriag, % rtlehieum fine pleno. Double Med' - '"'* 
 
 Rtlehieum fine pleno. Double Medowc Saffron. 
 
 9 i 
 
ido 7 be Q ar den of pleafant Flowers. 
 
 fter, and other places alfo. T he double kindcs arc thought to come out of 
 Germany. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 Their times likewifeare declared in their feuerall deferiptions : thofc 
 that are carlieft in Autumne, flower in Auguft and September , the later 
 inO&ober, andthelateftinthcendof 0<ftober, and in Nouember. The 
 otherarefaid to bee of the Spring, in regard they come after the deepe of 
 Winter (which is moft vfually in December and lanuary ) is paft. 
 
 TheNames. 
 
 The generali name to all thefe plants is Colchicum , whereunto fome haue 
 added Efhemcrum, becaufe it killeth within one dayes fpace ; and fome 
 Str*nguUtor 'mm. Some haue called them alfo Hulbus agreftu, and Filius Ante 
 Tetrcm, The Sonne before the Father , becaufe (as they thinke) it giueth 
 feede before the flower : but that is without due confideration ; for the root 
 of this (as of moft other bulbous plants)after the ftalke of leaues and feede 
 are dry, and paft, may be tranfplanted, and then it beginnethtofpringand 
 giue flowers before leaues, (and therein onely it is differing from other 
 plants) but the leaues and feede follow fucceffmely after the flowers, before 
 it may be remoued againe ; fo that here is not feede before flowers, but con- 
 trarily flowers vpon the firft planting or fpringing, and feede after, as in all 
 other plants, though in a diuers manner. 
 
 The Colchicum HermoiAHilum may feeme very likely to bee the Colchicum 
 OricxtA/e of Mitthiolus, or the Colchicum Alexandrinum ofLobelius : And 
 fome thinke it to be the true HcrmodAtiilw, and fo call it, but it is not fo. We 
 doe generally call them all in Englifh Medowe Saffrons, or Colchicum , ac- 
 cording to the Latine , giuing to euery one his other adiumft to know it by. 
 
 ThcVcrtues. 
 
 None of thefe are vfed for any Phy licall refpeft , being generally held 
 to be deadly, or dangerous at the leaft. Only the true Hermoda&ile (ifit be 
 of this tribe, and not this which is hereexpre(fed)is of great vfe. for paines 
 in the ioy nts, and of the hippes, as the Sciatic a, and the like , to be taken in- 
 wardly. Coftams in his Bookc of the nature of plants, faith, that the rootes 
 of our common kindes are very bitter in the Spring of the yeare, and fweec 
 in Autumne, which Camerarius contradideth, faying, that hefound them 
 bitter in Autumne, which were(ashefaith)giucn by fome importers to di- 
 uers, as an antidote againft the Plague. 
 
 Chap. XVII. 
 
 Crocus. Saffron. 
 
 T Here are diuers forts of Saffrons, whereof many doe flower in the Spring 
 time,and fome in Autumne, among whom there is but one onely kinde, that 
 is called tame or of the Garden, which yeeldeth thofc blades or chiues that are 
 vfed in meates and medicines, and many wayes profitable for other refpe&s , none of 
 the reft, which arc all wilde kindes, giuing any blade equall vntothofeof the tame 
 kinde, or for any other vfe, then in regard of their beautifull flowers of feuerall varie- 
 ties, and as they haue been carefully fought out, and preferued by diuers , to furnifii a 
 Garden of dainty curioficy. To entreate therefore of thefe, I muft, toobferue an or- 
 derly declaration, diuide them into two primary families: the former (hall be of thofc 
 that yceld their pleafant flowers in the Spring of the yeare, and the other that fend out 
 
 their 
 
The Garden of pleaf ant Flowers, 1 6 1 
 
 their colours in the Autumne , among whom that Rex pomary (as i may focali it) the - 
 tame or manured kinde, properly called ofthe Garden , is to be comprehended , for 
 that it giueth his plcafant flowers at that time among others. Ilhall againediftribute 
 thofe of the Spring time into three chiefe colours, that is, into white, purple, and yel- 
 low, and vnder euery one ofthern, comprehend the feuerall varieties that doe belong 
 vnto them ; which courfc I will alfo hold with thofe of the Autumne, that thus being 
 rightly ranked, they may the more orderly be deferibed; 
 
 I . Crocus Vernus elbus purses minor. 
 
 The fmaller pure white Saffron flower of the Spring. 
 
 This fmall Saffron flower fpringeth vp in the beginning of the yeare, with three or 
 fourcfinallgreeneleaues,fomcwhat broader, but much fhorter then the true Saffron 
 leaues, with a white line do wne the middle of euery leafe : bet weenc thefe leaues, out 
 of a white skinne, rifeth vp one or two fmall flowers, made of fix leaues a peece , as all 
 the reft in generali ire, ofa pure white colour, without any mixture in it, which abide 
 sot in flower aboue a Weeke, or rather leffe,fo fodainly is the pleafure of this, and the 
 purple loft : it flowreth not for the rnoft part, vntill a moneth after the yellow Crocus 
 appeareth in flower, and the ordiriafy ftri pt Crocus is paft : the feede is fmall, round, 
 and reddifh, yet not fo red as the feede of the yellow, contained in three fquare heads, 
 yet feldome beareth, but cncreafeth by the foote plentifully enough, which is fmall, 
 round, and flat at the bottome, fomewhat white on theoutfide, but whiter within, 
 ihooting out fmall fprouts on euery fide of the roote, which is the beft note to know 
 this kinde and theleffer purple, which are both alike,from all other rootes of Saffron 
 flowers. 
 
 a . Cneus albus maior multiflorus, ~f fee great fnow white Crocus. 
 
 This greater Saffron flower rifeth vp vfually with three or foure greene leaueS, : 
 larger then the former , with a white line in euery one of them : the flowers are grea- 
 ter, and more in number, rifing together, but flawring one after another, of a pure 
 fnow white colour, and abiding but little longer in flower then the former. 
 
 3. Crocus albus maior alter dillus Map acne. 
 
 The great white Saffron flower or Crocus of Mefia. 
 
 This great white Crocus of Mefia, rifeth vp out of the ground,almoft as early as the 
 firft fort ofthe yellow, with foure or fiue leaues, being very like vnto the leaues of the 
 yellow Crocus,and as large , with white lines in them : the flowers alfo are as large as 
 the flowers of theyellow, and many alfo rifing one after another like vnto it , but not 
 of fo pure a white coIour,as the former or laft dcfcribcd,but rather tending to a Milky 
 or Creame colour : the roote is not couercd with any reddifh , but rather pale skinnes 
 or coatcs. 
 
 4 .Cr octet albus Mse factes fando ■violaceo'. 
 
 The great white Crocus of Mefia with a blew bottome. 
 
 There is another of this kinde, like vnto the former in al 1 things, fauing that the bot- 
 tomes of the flowers ofthis kinde, with fome part of the ftalke next the flower, are ofa 
 pale {hining purple colour, and rifing vp a pretty way into the flower; whereas another 
 alfo of this kind, hath a little Aiew or marke otblew^nd npt purple, at the bottome of 
 the flower onely , which naaketh a difference* 
 
 Crocus albus funde porpureo.The white Crocus with a purple bottome. . 
 
 ( 
 
 This Saffron flower is of the fame' kinde with the firft, both in roote, leafe, and 
 flower, in none ofthem differing from it, but in that the bottome of this flower, with 
 that part of thefliort foote-ftalkc next vnto it, is of a violet or purple colour, and 
 fometimes hauing here and there fomepurple fmall lines,or fpots on the white leaues-, 
 it flowrethalfo with the firft white, or fomewhat later. 
 
 O 3 6 , Crocus 
 
( i'be (jar den of plea] ant blowers. 
 
 1 6z 
 
 6 . Crocus vernus albus flriatus. The white ftript Crocus. 
 
 This ftript Saffron flower is likewifeneare the fame firft kind, or firft white Crocus, 
 hauing the like leaues and flowers, fomewhat larger,, but as foone fading almoft as it ; 
 but herein this flower differeth, that it hath pale blewilh lines and fpots in all the 
 leaues thereof, and more principally in the three outer leaues .-the root is alfo white on 
 the outfide, like the firft white, but greater, with young ones growing round about it. 
 
 7. Crusts ventus albas ftlyentbts verjicoltr. 
 
 The greater party coloured white Crocus. 
 
 Thegrcater party coloured Saffron flower, hath his greene leaues like vntothefe- 
 cond great white Crocus before mentioned, hauing more flowers then any ofthe for- 
 mer, except the firft great white , the leaues whereof haue greater ftripes then the laft 
 recited Crocus, but of a purple Violet colour , making each leafe feeme oftentimes to 
 haue as much purple as white in them : the roote hereof is fomewhat like the fecond 
 white , but of a little more duskie colour on the outfide, and not budding out on the 
 fides at all, or very little. 
 
 8 .Crtcsu vernus albue verftctltr. The leffer party coloured white Crocus. 
 
 The leaues and flowers of this other party coloured Crocus, arc forbigneffeina 
 manner equall with the laft , but hath not fo many flowers riling together from the 
 roote : the flower is finely marked with blew ftrakes on the white flower, but nothing 
 fo much as in the former : the roote ajfo is like the laft. 
 
 9. Crttus Epifeepalu, The Bilhops Crocus. 
 
 This party coloured or Bilhops Saffron flower, is very like both in leaues and rootes 
 vnto the N eapolitane blew Crocus, but fomewhat greater : the flowers doc abide not 
 fo long time blovvne, and hath all the leaues cither wholly white, with blew ftripes on 
 both fides ofthem, or wholly of a fine delayed blew Violet colour, and the three in- 
 nermoft more blew and finely ftriped , both on the infide and outfide of them , and 
 fometimes it hath been fecn to fiaue three leaues white,and three leaues of a pale blew. 
 
 10. Croettt vernus Jlriat us vulgaris. The ordinary ftript Crocus. 
 
 There is another fort of ftript Saffron flower, which is moftcommon andplenti- 
 full in moft Gardens, which I muft n cedes bring vnder the ranke of thefe white kinds, 
 although it differre very notably, both in roote, leafe, and flower, from all of them : 
 the leaues of this rife vpfooner then the yellow or white Crocus, lying fpread vpon 
 theground for the moft part, but narrower then any of the former: among thefe leaues 
 jptlngvpdiuers flowers, almoft as large as the former great white Crocus , of a very 
 bleake or pale purple colour, tend ing to white on the infide,and in many almoft whitoj 
 With fomc fmall whitilhchiues tipt with yellow in the middle : the three outer leaues 
 are ofa yeilowifh white colour on the backe fide of them, ftript cuery one of them 
 with three broad ftripes, ofa darke murrey or purple colour, and a little fprinkled with 
 fome fmall purple lines, on both fides of thofe ftripes s but on the infide, of the fame 
 pale purple or white colour with thereft: the feedehereofis fomewhat darker colou- 
 red then of the white , and is more liberali in bearing : the roote is differing from all 
 the former, being rounder and bigger then any of them, except thekindesofMifia, 
 yet fomewhat flat withall, not hauing any fhootes from the fides , but ferting off into 
 rootes plentifully, hauing a round circle com palling the bottome of the roote, which 
 eifily fallcthaway, when it is taken vpoutof theground, and couered with a browne 
 coatc, fomewhat neare the colour of the yellow Crocus, bur not altogether fo 
 Jowes ' k fl0Wrcth vfually thcfirft of all thefe forts , or with the fit ft of the early yd- 
 
 II. Creeses 
 
The (garden of pleafant blowers* 
 
 I C Ttc>it vernui alt/m mi »»r. The final I white Saffron flowerof the fprin*. 2 . C T,ruJ ‘orntu «!*»/■ The great white Crocus of Mifia. ? Crettu 
 
 virnm •Ihtu ftridtut. The white ftriptCricul. 4 CroeutvernutdlLus polyauthii vetfietUr The party coloured whiteCracus. f £t»cus aibus funtto purpuret. 
 The white Crocus with a purple bottpnte. 6 £t*ch* v*rn**N ttptlittriHj .The s^ett blewCrocusof Naples. -7. £r*cns verntu purpurem <n4ximtu. The 
 great purple Crocus. ? C racU4 vernl ** P Hr ?*'*•" Jhittm Thc purple drip*. Crocus. 9 C ren> vern ** purpurem C*piH<trifoU». The purple Crocut withfduU 
 leases 0 jo C r * nii ' JCTm * 1 ftrUtm. The fellow itript Crocus n Crxnt vtrtm luitmvtrf)(tltr. The cUth of gold Crots*. 
 
* 64 - 
 
 * The (garden of pie a , / ant Flowers. 
 
 It. Crocus Vernus Jlristus Turcicus. The T utkie ftript Crocus. 
 
 There is another of this kindc, whofe flower is a little larger, and of a deeper purple 
 colour, both on the infide and outfide 5 thegreene leafe alfo is bigger, and of a more 
 whitiih colour. 
 
 ia. Crocus ventus CsfiSsri/olio si bus. The white Crocus with frnall leaues. 
 
 This white Crocus is in all things like vnto the purple of the fame kinde, butthat 
 the flower of this is Wholly white: the full defeription therefore hereof, you (hall haue 
 in that purple with fmall leaues, of this kinde hereafter fet downe, whereunto I referre 
 
 you. 
 
 13. Crocus vernus furfureus minor. The fmaller purple Crocus. 
 
 The fmaller purple Saffron flower of the Spring, hath his greene leaues fo like vnto 
 the firft white flowred Saffron, that they can hardly be diftinguilhed, onely they feem 
 to bee- a little narrower : the flower is alfo much about the fame bigneffe , or a littk 
 bigger, and feldome beareth aboue one flower from a roote, euen as the firft doth, of a 
 deepe purple Violet colour, thebottomeof the flower, with thevpper part of the 
 ftalke next thereunto, being of a deeper or blacker purple j in the middle of the flower 
 are fome pale chiues tipt with yellow pendents, and a longer pointell, diuided or for- 
 ked at the toppe : the roote of this is in all things fo like vnto the firft white , tha it is 
 impoffible for the moil cunning and conuerfant in them , to know the one from the o- 
 thcr. This beareth feede very fparingly, as the white doth, and is reddifh like vnto ir, 
 but recorapenfeth that defeat with a plentiful! encreafe by the route : it likewife flow- 
 reth at the very fame time with the white, and endureth as fmall a time. 
 
 r 4 .Crocus vernus furfurem moximus. The greateft purple Crocus. 
 
 This great purple Crocus is of the fame kinde with the next deferibed, as well ia 
 roote as leafe, but greater ; for the greene leaues hereof are the greateft and broadeft of 
 all other Crocus , with a large white line in the middle of euery one : it Tpringeth vp 
 much later then the former, and doth not fhew his flower vntill the other bee paft* 
 good while : theflowers alfo arc the largeft of all thefe Crocus of the Spring time, and 
 equalling, if not furpaflingthat purple kindethatflowreth in Autumne, hereafterfet 
 forth, ora very faire and deepe Violet colour, almoft as deepe as the former : the feed 
 vefTels arc large alfo and white, wherein is contained pale reddifh feede, like vnto the 
 next blew kinde , but fomewhat greater : the roote is(aslfaid before) like vnto the 
 nexr,that is, flat and round, with a duskic coloured outfide, whofe head for fpringing 
 in it is as hardly difeerned. 
 
 AUtr A/siHut Wchauconeof this kinde, the toppes onely of whofcpurple flower are whitilh, 
 for the breadth of halfe the naile of a mans hand, which abideth conftant euery yeare 
 in that manner, and therefore is a difference fit to be remembred. 
 
 I •) . Crocus vernus Nespotitsnm fsuc euruleus motor. 
 
 The greater blew Crocus of Naples. •' 
 
 This great blew Crocus rifeth vp with diuers greene Ieatles , broader then any of 
 theformer(except the laft) with a white line running downe the infide of euery leafe, 
 as in she former, among which rifeth vp, out of diuers great long white skinnes, diuers 
 large flowers, but not fully fo great as the former, confiding of fix leaues, of a paler 
 blew or Violet colour then in the former, hauing in the middle of the flowers a few 
 pale threeds, tipt with yellow, andalongcr pointell ofa gold yellow colour, forked 
 or diuided at the toppe, fmelling fweeter then in the former,and abiding a great while 
 longer, being in flower vfually euen with the ft ript y eHow Crocus , or before the for- 
 mer purple, and yeelding more plenty of feede : the roote hereof is not very great,buc 
 a little darke on the outfide, being round and flat withall, that one can hardlyknow 
 which is the vpperfide thereof This 
 
 sttoOii. 
 
The (garden of pleafant t lowers. 
 
 i<*5 
 
 This kindediffereth very little from the former, either in roote , leafe, or flower 
 for the bignelTe or colour, but that it feemeth to be a little bleaker or paler blew . be- ZtZIZT 
 caufc it flowreth a little earlier. ■ cm 1 
 
 1 5 . Croats verms purpureus firhtus. The ftript purple Crocus. 
 
 The leaues ofthis ftri pt purple Saffron flower, are as large and broad as the Lift, or 
 rather a little longer : the flowers alfo are as plentiful!, and as large, of a fine delayed 
 purple colour on the outfide, with three broad ftrakes or lines downe the backe of the 
 three outer leaues, and ofa little deeper purple on the infide, as the other three leaues 
 are alfo ofa deeper purple colour, and are ftriped with the fame deepe purple about 
 theground, orbottomeof the leaues : this fpmetimesyeeldeth three fquare heads 
 containing in them bro wnifh feede : the roote is like vnto the laft, and flowreth much 
 about the time of the former, 
 
 i p. Croats vernus purpureus verftcolor. The filuer ftript purple Crocus. 
 
 This ftript Saflron flower, is in leaues and flowers fomewhat like vnto the laft ftript 
 purple, buta little fmaller : the flowers are ofa little deeper purple through the whole 
 leaues, ftriped with white lines, both on the leaues, and towards the edges, which ma- 
 Iceth a peculiar difference from all the reft : the roote of this is not fo flat , though like 
 it,andcoueredwitha darkeafh coloured skinne : it flowreth about the fame time. 
 
 J \ . 1 '., , 
 
 18. Crocus purpureusJLtmmestsmaior.Thegteatci purple fame coloured Crocus. 
 
 The greene leaues of this Crocus or Saffron flower, are of a reafonable breadth and 
 length, and ofa pleafant frefh greenneffc , wichafaire.broad white line downe the 
 middle of them , but rifing not out of the ground fo early as the next deferibed Cro- 
 cus : the flowers are likewife of a meane bignefle, o^a pale purple on the outfide, 
 fomewhat whicifti, efpecially the three outer leaues ; but on the infide of a deeper pur- 
 ple,and ftriped with great ftripcs like flames, hauing fome chiues in the middle, and a 
 longer onealfo feathered a little at the toppe : the roote is white on the outfide, fome- 
 what flat and round, but notfo flat as the Neapolitane Crocus before deferibed. 
 
 1 9 . Crocus purpureus fltmmeas minor. 1 he leffer purple flame coloured Crocus. 
 
 This Crocus hathalmoftasbroadandlonggreeneleauesas the former, and of the 
 fame verdure, which rife vp earlier then it, and is in flower likewife fomewhat before 
 it, being fmaller for fize by a little, but ofas deepe a purple on the outfide, as on the 
 infide, flamed with faire broad ftripes from the middle of the leaues, or fomewhat 
 lower vnto the edges : each ofthefegiuefeed that is ofapale reddifb colour: the root 
 is very like vnto the former, but a little leffer. 
 
 a o. Crocus vernus purpureus CapiBarifilio.The purple Crocus with fmall leaues. 
 
 This finallkinde of Saffron flower rifeth out of the ground, with two or three long 
 and fmall green leaues, very like vnto the leaues of the fine Fether- Grafle hereafter de- 
 feribed, Handing vpright at the firft, but afterwards lying vponthe ground; among 
 which come the flowers, fometimes three, but moft vfually two vpon oneftalke, it 
 the roote be not young, which then will beare but one on a ftalke, which is very fliort, 
 fo that the flowers fcarcearifeaboue the ground, yet laying themfelues open in the 
 day time, if it be faire, and the Sunnc doe fhine, othenvife they keepe clofe , and doe 
 not open at all : and after one flower is paft , which doth not laft abcue three or foure 
 dayes at the moft, the others follow, which are of a bleake blewilh purple in the mid- 
 dle of the flower, and of a deeper purple towards the ends or points of the leaues, but 
 of a more fullen or darke purple on the outfide of them, and yellowifh at thebottome, 
 with fomc yellow chiues in the middle 1 , the feede is (mail and darker coloured then 
 any of the former Crocus , contained alfo in fmaller heads , ftanding one by another 
 
 vpon 
 
1 66 
 
 The (j Arden of pleafant Flowers. 
 
 vpoB the fame (hort foote-ftalkc, which then rifeth vp a little higher, fliewing the ma- 
 ner of the (landing of the flowers, which in their flowring time could not fo eafily bee 
 difeerned : the roore is very fmall and round , hauing one fide at the bottorne lower 
 then the other, very like the rootc of a Cetcbicum or Medowc S*ffron, and fomewhar 
 nearc refemblingalfo thehoofe of an horfe foote , couered with a very thicke skinne, 
 ofadarkeorblackiftibrownecolour: this flowreth thelaftof all the former forts of 
 Saffron flowers, cucn when they are all pad. 
 
 a I. Cucus verum purpurem flriitus CnpiBtrifolii. 
 
 The ftript purple Crocus with fmall leaues. 
 
 This fmall ftript purple Saffron flower hath fuch like leaues, as the lad deferibed 
 hathjbetwcene which rifeth the flower vpon as (hort a foote-ftalkc, confiding of fix 
 leaues like the former, ofa faire purple colour on the outfide of the three outer leaues, 
 with three lines or drakes downe euety leafe, of a deeper purple colour, and on the in- 
 fide of a paler purple, as the other three leaues arc alfo,with fome chiues tipt with yel- 
 low pendents, and a forked pointell in the middle: the rooteof this is fomewhat 
 bigger then the former, and rounder, but couered with as thicke and as brownea 
 skinne : it flowreth about the fame time with the former. 
 
 a .Cncm vernus luteus ftue Mxfttcm. The yellow Crocus. 
 
 The yellow Crocus or Saffron flower, rifeth vp with three or foure leaues out of 
 the ground, being fomewhat neare the breadth of the great purple kindes, with a white 
 line in them, as in mod of the red : the flowers dand in the middle of thefe leaues, and 
 are very large, of a gold yellow colour, with fome chiues , and a forked point in the 
 middle : the feedc hereof is of a brighter colour then in any of the other : theroote is 
 great and round, as great or greater then a Wall Nut fometimes,and couered with red- 
 didi skinnes or coates, y eeloing more dore of flowers then mod of the former, and be- 
 ginning to blowe with the fird forts, or prcfcntly after, but outlaft many of them, and 
 arc ofa plcafant good Tent. 
 
 TUrt mts. Of this kinde we haue fome, whofe flowersarc of a deeper gold yellow colour then 
 
 dthers, fo that they appea're reddidi withall. 
 
 FiurcpiUitti. And we haue alfoariother fort, whofe flowers are very pale,betwcene a white and a 
 
 yellow, not differing in any thing elfe. 
 
 FincwirUau And another fmaller , whofe flower hath a (hew of greenneffe in the yellow, and 
 
 *“**' mare greene at the bottorne. 
 
 2 3 . Creent verans flnvnt Jlridtns. The yellow dript Crocus. 
 
 This kinde ofy ellow dript Crocus or Saffron flower , rifeth vp with more (lore of 
 narrower and greener leaues then the former, and after the leaues are fpread, there rife 
 rp many yellow flowers from among them, which are not of fo faire and bright a yel- 
 low colour, but more dead and fullen, hauing on the backfide of each of the three out- 
 termofl leaues, three fmall dripes,of an ouer- worne or dull purple colour, with fome 
 chiues and a pointell in the middle: the rooteof this kinde, is very like the rooteof 
 the former yellow,butfomcwhat fmaller and (horter , and couered with the like red- 
 didi skinnes, but a little (adder: it flowreth not fo early as t he former yellow, but abi- 
 deth almoft as long as it. 
 
 i^.Cucut vernns Intern verjict/or primus. The beft cloth of gold Crocus. 
 
 The faired cloth ofgold Crocus or Saffron flower, rifeth vp very early , cuen with 
 thefirft, orthefirftof all other Crocus, withthreeor foure very narrow and (hort 
 leaues, ofawhiter colour then any of the former, which by and by after doe (hew 
 forth the flowers, rifingfrom among them out ofthe fame white skinne, whichin- 
 cludeth the leaues, but are not foplcntifull as the former yellow, being but two or 
 three at the mod, ofa faire gold yellow colour, yet fomewhat paler then the firft, ha- 
 uing 
 
The Ljarden of p leaf ant Flowers, 
 
 uing on thcbacke of cuery of the three outer leaues, three faire and great ftripes, of a 
 fairedeepe purple colour, with fome fmall lines at the fides or edges of thofe pur- 
 ple ftripes ; on the infide of thefe flowers, thereisnofigne or (hew of any lineor 
 ipot, but wholly of a faire gold yellow, with chiues andafethertoptpointellinthe 
 middle: the (cede hereof is like the former, butnotfored: therooteofthiskindeis 
 eafily kno wne from the roote of any other Saffron flower , becaufe the outer peelings 
 or fhels being hard, areas it were netted on the outfide , hauing certaine ribbes, rifin" 
 Vp higher then the reft of theskinnes, diuided in the forme ofa net-workc , of a dark? 
 browne colour, and is fmaller and rounder then the former yellow, and not encreafing 
 fo plentifully by the roote. 6 
 
 2 5 . Crecus vernus luteus ver (k tier alter. 
 
 The fecond doth of gold, or Duke Crocus. 
 
 There is no difference either in rootc,leafe, or colour of flower, Or time offlowring 
 inthis fort from the laft before mentioned; for the flower of this is of thefaraebig- 
 neffcand colour, the only note of differenceisin the marking of the three outer leaues, 
 which haue not three ftripes like the former, but are wholly of the fame deepe purple 
 colour on the backc of them, fauing that the edges of them are yellow, which is the 
 forme ofa Duke T ulipa,and from thence it tookethe name ofa Duke Crocus. 
 
 . 
 
 26. Crocus vernus verficolor pallideluteus. The pale cloth ofgold Crocus. 
 
 We hauea third lort 0/ this kinde of clothof gold Crocus, which hath leaues and 
 flowers like the former, but differeth in this, that the colour of the flower is of a paler 
 yellow by much, butftriptinthe fame manner as the firft, but with a fainter purple 
 colour : the roote alfo is netted like them , to (hew that this is but a variation of the 
 fame kinde. 
 
 27. Ci ecus vernus verftcoler altideluteui. The cloth of filuer Crocus. 
 
 The chiefcft note of difference in this Saffron flower is, that beingas large a flower 
 as any of the former of this kinde, it is of fo pale a yellowifh white, that it is more 
 white then yellow, which fome doc call a butter colour : the three outer leaues arc 
 ftriped onthebacke of them, wit ha paler purple blew (hining colour, the bottome of 
 the flower, and the vppet part of the ftalke, being of the fame purple blew colour: the 
 roote of this is alfo netted as the other, to (hew it is a variety of the fame kinde. 
 
 And thus much for thofe Saffron flowers that come in the Spring time -now to 
 thofe that flower in Autumne onely : and firft of the true Saffron. ’ 
 
 1 . Crecus verus fativus Autumnalis. The true Saffron . 
 
 The true Saffron that is vfed in meatesand medicines, fhooteth out his narrow long 
 greene leaues firft , andaftera whiletheflowers inthemiddlcof them appeareabout 
 theendofAuguft, in September and O (Sober , according to the foile, and climate 
 where they growe ; thefe flowers are as large as any of the other former or later forts, 
 com pofed of fix leaues a peece, ofa murrey or reddifh purple colour, hauing a fhew 
 ofblew inchem: in the middle of thefe flowers there are fome fmall yellow chiues 
 (landing vpright, which are as vnprofitable, as the chiues in any other of the wilde 
 Saffrons, before or hereafter fpecified ;but befidcs thefe, each flower hath two, three, 
 or fourc greater and longer chiues , hanging downe vpon or bet weene the leaues, 
 which are of a fierie red colour, and arethe true blades of Saffron, which are vfed phy- 
 sically or otherwife, and no other : All thefe blades being pickt from the feuerall flow- 
 ers, arc laid and prefled together into cakes, and afterwards dryed very warily on a 
 Kill to preferuethem; as they areto befecnc in the (hops where they are fold. Ineuer 
 heard that cuer it gaue feede with any : the roote groweth often to be as great, or grea- 
 ter then a green Wall Nut, with the outer fliell on it, couered with agrayifh or afh-co« 
 loured skin, which breaketh in{o long hairie threeds, other wife then in any other roote 
 of Crocus. 2. Crtcus 
 
The (jar den of flea) ant blowers. 
 
 1 68 
 
 ' " ; . qnio 
 
 - -4 
 
 i. Crccru 'Byzantinas argenteas. The filuer coloured Autumne Crocus. 
 
 This Saffron flower fpringeth vp in Odtober , and feldome before , with three otr 
 foure fhort greenc leaues at the firft, but growing longer afterwards , and in the rftidft 
 of them, prefently after they haue appeared , one flower forthe mod hart, and feP- 
 dome two, confiding of fix leaues, the three outermoft whereof are fomewhat la'rget 
 then the other three within, and arc of a pale bleake blew colour, almoft whi'c,whicfi 
 many call a filuer colour, thethree innermoft being of a purer white , with fome yel- 
 low chiues in the middle, and a longer pointell ragged or fethered at thetoppe : thfe 
 very feldomebeareth feede , but when theyearefallethout to bee very milde ; it is 
 fmall,round,andofa darke colour: the rooteis pretty bigge, and rounder then any 
 other Crocus, withoutany flat bottoine, and couered with a darke ruffet skinne. 
 
 ... t 
 
 3 . Crtcas Pyrennw parfurem. The purple mountaine Crocus. 
 
 This purple Saffron flower of the Autumne , rifeth vp but with one flower vfually, 
 yet fometimes with two one after another,without any leaues at all, in September, or 
 fometimes in Auguft , ftandingvpon a longer foote-ftalke thenanykindeof Saffron 
 flower, either of the Spring or Autumne, and is as large as the flower of the greateft 
 purple Saffron flower of the Spring, ofa very deepe Violet purple colour, which de- 
 cayethafterithathftoodblowne threeor foure dayes, and becommeth more pale, 
 hauing in the middle fome yellow chiues, and a long fether topt pointell , branched, 
 and riling fometimes aboue the edges of the flowers : about a moncth after the flowers 
 are paft, and fometimes not vntill the firft of the S pring, there rifeth vp th ree or foure 
 Iongand broad greene leaues, withawhite linein eucryoneofthem, likevntorhe 
 firft purple Vernali kindes , which abide vntill the end of May or Iunc : the roore is 
 fmall and white on the outfide, folike vntotheroote of the Idler Vernali purple or 
 white Crocus, that it cannot be diftinguifiied, vntill about the end of Auguft, when it 
 doth begin to (hoot, and then by the early (hooting vp a long white fprout for flower, 
 itmaybeknowne. I neucr could obferue it to giuc any feede, the Winter (aslthinkc) 
 comming on it foquickly after the flowring, being the caufe to hinder ir. 
 
 4. Cracas mint anas Jatamaalis. The Autumne mountaine Crocus. 
 
 The mountaine Saffron flower fpringeth vp later then any of the former, and doth 
 not appeare vntill the middle or end of Oftober, when all the flowers of she former 
 are paft, appearing firft with threeor foure fhort greene leaues, like vntothe Byzantine 
 Crocus, and afterwards the flowers betweene them, which are of a pale or bleake blew 
 tending to a purple, the foote-ftalkcs of them being fo fhort , that they fcarce appeare 
 aboue ground at the firft , but after two or three dayes they grow a little higher : the 
 rooteis very great and flat bottomed, couercd with a gray ifli duskie coate or skinne, 
 and encreafeth very little or feldome. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 ’ • ■* T » ■<.- i C ’ *•* 
 
 The feucrall places of thefe Saffron flowers, are in part fet downe in their 
 titles ; the others haue beene found out , fome in one Countrey , and fome 
 in another, as the fmall purple and white, and ftript white in Spaine : the 
 yellow in Mefia about Belgrade, the great purple in Italy ; and now by fuch 
 friends helpes as haue fent them, they profper as well in our Gardens, as in 
 their naturali places. Yet I muff giue you this to vnderftand, that fome of 
 thefe formerly expreffed,haue been railed vp vnto ys by tbe fowing of their 
 feede. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 Their feuerall times are likewife exprefled in their deferiptions. for fome 
 Acw forth their pleafant flowers in the Spring, wherein for the three fiift 
 
 moneths, 
 
'T be Cjardsn of pleajanl blowers 
 
 I Crocut vernus luteus vulgaris.TUz comrnon yellow fpring Crocus, z Crocus vents fatizus Batumi aiis.Thc true Satiron. j i ro - 
 CUs By^utinus argenteus. The filucr coloured Autumne Crocus. 4 crocus by reneus purpureus. The purple niouncaine Crocus. 
 % Creent mm anm Autumnalis, The Autumne mouawmc Crocus. <$ ‘ ysjjs inebium mkw % The greater Spanith Nur-. 
 
I jo The (far den of pie a f ant Flowers. 
 
 moneths, our Gardens are furnifhed withthevarietieof one fort or ano- 
 ther : the reft in Autumne, that fo they might procure the more delight, in 
 yeelding their beauty both early and late, whenfcarce any other flowers 
 are found to adorne them. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 I (hall not neede to trouble you with an idle tale of the name of Crocus, 
 which were to little purpofe, nor to reiterate the former names impofed 
 vpon them 5 let it fufficethat the fitted: names are giuen them , that may di- 
 ftinguiih them one from another ; onely this I muft giuc you to vnderftand, 
 that the gold yellow Croon or Saffron flower, is the true Crtcu-s Mtfmctu, as 
 I fhewed before; and that neither the yellow ftripr, or cloth of gold (which 
 wee fo call after the Dutch name GaudLaken) is the true Mxfuum, asfome 
 fuppofe; and that the great white Saffron flower, by reafon of his likeneffe 
 vnto the gold yellow, is called Crocus tlbtu M<tUct facie , or fade lutei, that 
 is, The white Saffron flower that is like the Mafiacm or yellow. 
 
 TheVertues. 
 
 The true Saffron (for the others are of no vfe) which wee call Englifh 
 Saffron , is of very great vfe both for inward and outward difeafes , and is 
 very cordiall , vfedto expell any hurtfull or venemous vapours from the- 
 heart, both in the fmall Pockes, Meafels, Plague, Iaundife, and many other 
 difeafes, as alfo to ftrengthen and comfort any cold or weake members. 
 
 Chap. XVIII. 
 
 Stfirmbium. TheSpanifb Nut. 
 
 I Can doe no otherwife then make a peculiar Chapter of this plant, becaufe it is 
 neither a Croon, although in the roote it come fomewhat ncare vnto that kinde that 
 is netted; but in no other part agreeing with any the delineaments of a Saffron 
 flower, and therefore could not be thruft into the Chapter amongft them : neither can 
 I place it in the forefront of the Chapter of th elrio bulbofa , or bulbous Flowerdeluces, 
 becaufe it doth not belong to that Family • and although the flower thereof doth moft 
 refcmble a Flowerdeluce, yet in that no other parts thereof doe fitly agree thereunto, 
 Ihaueratherchofentofeateitbyitfelfe betweene them both, as partaking of both 
 natures, and fo may ferue in fteadofa bridge, to pafTc from the one to the other, that 
 is, from the Croats ov Saffron flower, to the Iris balbefa or bulbous rooted Flowerde- 
 Iuce, which (hall follow in the next Chapter by theml'elues. 
 
 The Spanifh N ut hath two long and narrow , foft and fmooth grecne leaues, ly ing 
 for the moft part vpon the ground, and fometimes (landing vp , yet bending downe- 
 wards; betweene thefe leaues rifeth vp a fmall ftalke, halfe a foote high, hauing diuers 
 fmooth foft greenc leaues vpon it, as if they wereskinnes, through which the ftalke 
 pa(Teth;atthetoppe whereof fland diuers flowers, rifingone after another, and not 
 all flowring at once: for feldomeihall youhaue aboue one flower blowneatatime, 
 each whereof doth fo quickly pafle and fade away, that one may well fay, that it is but 
 one dayes flower , or rather the flower of a few hdures : the flower it felfe hath nine 
 leaues, like vnto a Flowerdeluce , whereof the three that fal 1 downe , haue in each of 
 them a yellow fpot: the other three, which in the Flowerdeluces are hollow and 
 ridged, couering the otherthree that fall downe, in this (land vpright, and are parted! 
 at the ends : the three that (land vp in the middleare fmall and ftiort : the whole flower 
 is fmallcrthen any Flowerdeluce, but offundty colours ; for fome are ofan excellent 
 skie colour blew, others of a Violet purple, others of a darker purple colour, and fome 
 white, and many others mixed, either pale blew and deepe purple, or white and blew 
 
 mixed 
 
‘■The (garden of p leaf ant t lowers, 
 
 mixed or ftriped together very variably, quickly fading as I faid before .-the feeders 
 enclofcd in fmall cods, fothinne and tranfparent,that onemayeafily fee, and tell the 
 feeds as they lye, which are of a brownilh red colour : the roote is fmall , blackilhand 
 round, wrappcdinathickeskinneorhuske, made like vntoa net, orlomewhat like 
 vnto the roote of the cloth of gold Crocus : when the plant is in flower , it is found to 
 haue two rootes one aboue another , whereof the vppermoft is firme and found , and 
 the vndermoft loofeand fpongie, in like manner as is found in the rootes of diuers O f- 
 chides or Satyrions, Bee-flowers and the like, and without any good tafte, or fwcet- 
 nelTeatall, although Clufius faith otherwife. 
 
 Sifjrinchiam M/taritinicum. The Barbary Nut. 
 
 There is another ofthiskinde, not differing from the former in any other notable 
 part, but in the flower, which in this is of a delayed purplifh red colour, hauing in each 
 of the three lower leaucs a white fpot , in ftead of the yellow in the former, but arc as 
 foone fading as they. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 The former doe grow very plentifully in many parts both of Spsine and 
 Portugall , where Guillaume Boel , a Dutch man heretofore remembred 
 often in this Booke, found them 5 ofthe fundry colours fpecified , whereas 
 Clufius maketh mention but of one colour that he found. 
 
 The other was found in that part ofBarbary, where Fez and Morocco do 
 {land, and brought firft into the Lowe- Countries. -but they are both very 
 tender, and will hardly abide the hard Winters of thefc colder regions. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 The firft flowreth in May and Iune, the laft not vntill Auguft. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 The name Sifyriuchium is generally impofed vpon this plant , by all au- 
 thors that haue written thereof, thinking it to bee the right Si/yrinchium of 
 Theophraftus: but concerning the Spanilhnamc Nozelh* , which Clufius 
 faith it is called by in Spaine, 1 haue beene credibly enformed by the afore- 
 named Boel, that this roote is not fo called in thofe parts • but that the fmall 
 or common ftript Crocus is called Ntzelba, which is fwcete in tafte, and 
 defired very greedily by the Shepheards and Children , and that the roote 
 of this Stfyrinchtnmoi Spanilh Nut , is without any tafte, and is not eaten. 
 Andagaine, that there is not two kindes , although it grow greater, and 
 with more flowers, in thofe places that are neare the Sea , where both the 
 wafhing ofthe Sea water,and the moilture and ayre of the Sea, caufeth the 
 ground to bee more fertile. This I thought good , from the true relation 
 of a friend, to giue the world to vndcrftand,that truth might cxpell errour. 
 
 TheVertues. 
 
 « Thefc haue not been knowne to bee vfed to any Phy ficall purpofe , but 
 
 wholly negle&ed, vnlelfc fome may eatc them, as Clufius reporteth. 
 
17 * 
 
 'The (jar den of p lea] ant Flowers. 
 
 Chap. XIX. 
 
 lrii bulbsfs.’Wst bulbous Flowerdeluce, 
 
 T He Flowerdeluces that haue bulbous rootes are of two forts , the one greater 
 then the other : the greater bearing larger and broader leaues and flowers, and 
 the lcfler narrower. But before I giue you the defcriptions of the viuall grea- 
 ter kindes, I muft ncedes place one or two in the fore-front that haue no fellowes ; the 
 one is called of Clufius, his broad leafed Flowerdeluce, and the other a Perfian, fome- 
 whatlikevnto it, which although they differ notably from the reft, yet they haue the 
 neareft refemblancc vnto thofe greater kindes, that come next after them. 
 
 Iris bulbo/* prim * Ut Jilts clufij. 
 
 Clufius his firftgreat bulbous Flowerdeluce. 
 
 This Flowerdeluce hath diuers long and broad leaues, not ftiffc , like all the other, 
 but foft and greenifh on the vpperfide, and whitifh vnderneath ; among which rile vp 
 fometimes feuerall fmall , Ihort, (lender ftalkcs, andfometimesbutone, notaboue 
 halfe a foote high, bearing at the top one flower a pcece , fomewhat like vnto a Flow- 
 erdeluce, confifting of nine leaues, whereof thofe three that (land vpright,are fhorter 
 and more clofed together, then in other forts of Flowerdeluces ; the other three that 
 fall downe,turnevp their ends a little, and thofe three, that in other Flowerdeluces 
 doe coucr them at the bottome, ftand like the vpright leaues of other Flowerdeluces, 
 but are parted into two ends , like vnto two fmall eares : the whole flower is of a f.iire 
 blew, or pale skie colour in moft, with a long ftripe in the middle of each of the three 
 falling leaues , andin fomewhite, but more feldome : the rooteis reafonable great, 
 round and white , vnder the blackiln coates wherewith it is couered , hauing many 
 long thicke white rootes in (lead of fibres, which make them feeme to be Afphodill 
 rootes. The flower is very fweete. 
 
 Iris bulbsft Perpes. The Perfian bulbous Flowerdeluce. 
 
 This Perfian Flowerdeluce is fomewhat like vnto the former, both in rooteand in 
 leafe, but that the leaues are fhorter and narrower, and the flower being much about 
 the fame fafhion, is of a pale blew rulfetifli colour , each of the three lower falling 
 leaues are almoft wholly of a browne purple colour, with a yellow fpot in the middle 
 of them : this as it is very rare, fo it feldome bearcth flowers with vs. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 The firft groweth in many places of Spaine and Portugall, from whence 
 I and others haue often had it for our Gardens, but by reafon of the tender- 
 nefTe thereof, it doth hardly endure the fharpndfe of our cold Winters, vn- 
 leffeit be carefully preferue d. 
 
 The other is laid to come from Perfia, and therefore it is foentituled, 
 and is as tender to be kept as t he other. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 The firft flowreth moft vfually not vntill May with vs , yet many times 
 fooner •. but in Ianuary and February , as Clufius faith , in the naturali pla- 
 ces thereof. 
 
 The other is as early oftentimes when it doth flower with'vs. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 Becaufe Clufius by good iudgement referreth the firft to the greater 
 
 kindes 
 
The (far den of pie af ant Fitters, 1 73 
 
 kindes of Flowerdeluces, and placeth it in the fore ranke, calling it 
 bofxlatifolix prima, that is. The firft broad leafed Flo werdciuce, and all o- 
 thers doe the like, I haue (as you l'ee),in the like manner put it before all the 
 other, and keepe the fame name. The Spaniards, as he iaith, called it Liri» 
 efpadanxl, and they of Corduba, Lirits azules. 
 
 The other hath no other name then as it is in the title. 
 
 1 . Iris bulbofx mxior flue '^Anglicx exrule a. 
 
 The blew Englifh bulbous Flo werdciuce. 
 
 This bulbous Flowerdeluce rifethvp early, euen in Ianuary oftentimes, with flue 
 or fix long and (narrow, in comparifon of any great breadth, but in regard of the other 
 kinde) broad whitiih green leaues, crefted or ftraked on the backfide, and halfe round 
 the infide being hollow like a trough or gutter, white all along the infide of the leafe, 
 and blunt at the end; among which rifeth vp a ftiffe round ftalke, a cubit ortwo foot 
 high, at the toppe whereof, out of a skinnie huske,commeth forth one ortwo flowers, 
 confiding of nine leaues a pecce, three whercofthat are turned downewards , are lar- 
 ger and broader then the other, hauing in each of them a yellow fpot, about the mid- 
 dle of the leafe, other three are fmall, hollow, ridged or arched , couering the lower 
 part next the ftalke of thofc falling leaues , turning vp their ends, which arediuided 
 into two parts,other three ftandvpright, andarevery fmallatthebottomeof them, 
 and broader toward the toppe : the whole flower is of a faire blew colour; after the 
 flowers are paft, come vp three fquare heads, fomewhat long , andlanke, orloofe, 
 containing in them round yellowilh feede, which when itis ripe, will rattle by thefba- 
 king of the winde in the dry huskes : the roote of this kinde is greater and longer then 
 any ofthefraaller kindes with narrow leaues, coueredwith diuers browne skinnes 
 which feeme to be fraught with long threeds like haires, efpecially at the fmall or vp- 
 per end of the roote, which thing you lhall not findc in any of the fmallcr kindes. 
 
 2 .Iris bulbofxmxior purpura & pur pur 6 violacea. 
 
 The paler or deeper purplegreat bulbous Flowerdeluce. 
 
 Thefe purple Flowerdeluces differ not from the laft deferibed, either in roote or 
 leafe: the chiefeft difference confiftethin the flowers, which in thefe are fomewhat 
 larger then in the former, and in the one of a deepe blew or Violet purple colour, and 
 in the other of a deepe purple colour, in all other things alike. 
 
 There isalfo another,in all other things like vnto the former, but only in the flower, Fl ° r ' 
 which is of a pale or blcake blew, which we call an alh-colour. 
 
 3. Iris bulbofx mxior pur pur ex variegatu [tut flrixtx. 
 
 T he great purple ftript bulbous Flowerdeluce. 
 
 There is another ofthe purple kinde, whofe flower is purple , but with fome veines 
 orftripesof a deeper Violet colour, diuerfly running through the whole leaues of 
 the flower. 
 
 And another of that bleake blew or alii- colour, with lines and veines of purple in FUrceuureo 
 the leaues ofthe flowers, fome more or lefTe then other. purpu. 
 
 And againe another, whofe flower is of apurple colour like vnto the fecond, but™; 
 that round about that yellow fpot, in the middle of each ofthe three falling leaues (as irtoaJrt», 
 is vfuall in all the bulbous Flowerdeluces)therc is a circle of a pale blew or afh-colour, 
 the reft of the leafe remaining purple, as the other parts of the flower is. 
 
 4. Iris bulbofx maior flore rubente. 
 
 The great peach coloured bulbous Flowerdeluce. 
 
 There Is another of thefe greater kindes, more rare then any of the former, not 
 differing in roote, leafe, or flower, from the former, but onely that the flower in this is 
 of a pale reddilb purple colour, comraing fomewhat neare vnto the colour of a peach 
 bloffome. p 3 
 
174 
 
 C I be far den of pleaf ant Flowers. 
 
 y. Iris bulbofe mttlor fine Uts foist elbe. 
 
 The great white bulbous Flowcrdclucc. 
 
 The great white bulbous Flowerdeluce,rifethnotvpfo early out of the groundas 
 the blew or purple doth, but about a moneth or more after , whofc leaues are fome- 
 w hat larger, and broader then of the others : the ftalke is thicker and ihorter, bea- 
 ring vfually two very large and great flowers, one flowring a little before the other, 
 yet oftentimes bath in flower together in the end , of a bleake blewifli white colour’ 
 which wee call a filuer colour, while they are in the buddc,and before they be blownc 
 open, butthen of a purer white, yetwith an eyeorfhewofthat filuer colourremai- 
 ning in them, the three falling leaues being very large, and hauingthat yellow fpot in 
 the middle of each ofthem : thefeedesare likewife inclofed in heads , like vnto the 
 blew or purple kindes, but larger, andareofareddifh yellow colour like them : the 
 roote likewife is not differing, but greater. 
 
 4 • * . vA * f 
 
 6. Iris bulbofe mthr tlbt ver legate. 
 
 The great white ftript bulbous Flowerdeluce. 
 
 This white ftript Flowerdeluce , is in roote, leafe, and flower, and in manner of 
 growing, like vnto the former white Flowerdeluce ; the onely difference is in the 
 marking of the flower, being diuers from it: for this hath in the white flower great 
 veines,ftripes, or markes, of a Violet blew c olour, difperfed through the leaues of the 
 flower very variably, which addeth a fuperexcellent beauty to the flower. 
 
 ■j. Iris bulboftme.hr fine Istifolie verfictltr. 
 
 The great party coloured bulbous Flowerdeluce. 
 
 There is no difference in this from the former, but in the flower, which is of a whi- 
 ti fh colour in the three falling leaues , hauing a circle of afh-colour about the yellow 
 fpot, the three rigged leaues being likewife whitifh, but ridged and edged with that 
 afh-colour, andthe three vpright leaues of a pale blewifh white colour, withfomc 
 veines therein ofablewifh purple. 
 
 There hath beene brought vnto vs diuers rootesof thefe kindes, with the dryed 
 VirUtts. flowers remaining on them, wherein there hath beene feene more varieties, then I can 
 
 well remember to exprefie, which variety it is very probable, hath rifen by the fowing 
 of the feeds, as is truely obferued in the narrower leafed kindc of Flowerdeluce, in the 
 T ulipa, and in fome other plants. 
 
 Wee haue heard of one of this kinde of broad leafed Flowerdeluces , that fhould 
 run Utes. beare a yellow flower , in the like manner as is to be feene in the narrow leafed ones : 
 but I haue not feene any fuch, and therefore I dare report no further of it , vntill time 
 hath difeouered the truth erfalffeood of the report. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 Lobelius is the firft reporter , that the blew Flowerdeluce or firft kinde 
 of thefe broad leafed Flowerdeluces, groweth naturally in the Weft parts 
 of England ; but I am in fome doubt of the truth of that report : for I ra- 
 ther thinke , that fome in their trauels through Spaine, or other parts 
 where it groweth , being delighted with the beauty of the flower, did 
 gather the rootes, and bring them ouer with them , and dwelling in fome 
 of the Weft parts of England , planted them, and there encreafing fo 
 plentifully as they doe, they were imparted to many, thereby in time 
 growing common in all Countrey folkes Gardens thereabouts. They 
 grow alfo, and all the other, and many more varieties, about Tho- 
 loufe, from whence Plantinianus GafTanus both fent and brought vs 
 them, with many other bulbous rootes, and rare plants gathered there- 
 abouts. 
 
 The 
 
The (f arden of plea/ant Flowers» 
 
 A 
 
 * 7 * 
 
 « Irh Mb»f4UtifoliapTimM Clufiut hit firft great bulbou* Flowerdcluce. * I titbulbof» rudiir cdrute* flue ^njhca.Tbe great ibfew or Englifh 
 
 kulbousFlowerdeluce. I Irk bulbofamittr purPuretvsnegata. The great purple flript bulboui Flowerdcluce. 4 Iru btdboftanpfttfiltMvtAitT ai 4 . 
 The greater white narrow leafed bulbous F low erd eluce, f irk bu'btfa trguftifolia vtrficolor.Tbe party coloured narrow leated bujbous FJOTUt 
 dritat* 6 IrvbulbfpiMgnpiftlM ^«m. T fee purple 4fr«*a feBlfewg car rfty Flowjcdeluce. 
 
17 6 
 
 The (garden of pleafant Flowers. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 Thefe doe flower vfually in the end of Miy , or beginning of Iune , and 
 their fcede is ripe in the end of Iuly or Auguft. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 Lobelcalleth the firftEnglifh blew Flowerdeluce, Hyacinthus Pott arum 
 flare Iridis, dr propter Hyacinthinum color cm, id eft violaceum diflus : but I know 
 notanygreatgoodgroundforit, more then the very colour; for it is nei- 
 ther of the forme of a Lilly, neither hathitthofe mourning markes imprin- 
 ted in it, which the Poetfainethtobeein his Hyacinth. It is moft rruely 
 called an Iris , or Flowcrdeluce (and there is great difference betvveene a 
 Lilly and a Flo werdeluce, f or the formes of their flowers) becau fe it anfwe- 
 reth thereunto very exactly, for the flower,and is therefore called vfually by 
 moft, either Iris bulbofa Anglia , or Irisbulboja nuior flue LtifolU , for a diffe- 
 rence beeweene it, and the leffcr with narrow leaues: In Englilh, eyther 
 The great Englilh bulbous Flowerdeluce, or the great broad leafed bul- 
 bous Flowerdeluce, which you will, adding the other name, according to 
 the colour. 
 
 And thus much for thefe broad leafed bulbous Flowerdeluces, fo much as hath 
 come to our knowledge. Nowtothefeuerall varieties of the narrow leafed bulbous 
 Flowerdeluces, fo much likewife as we haue been acquainted with. 
 
 Iris bulbofa minor flue anguflifolia alba. 
 
 T he fmaller white or narrow leafed bulbous Flo werdeluce. 
 
 This firft Flowerdeluce, which beareth the fmaller flower of the two white ones, 
 that are here to bee deferibed , fpringeth out of the ground alwaies before Winter, 
 which after breaketh forth into foure or fiue fmall and narrow leaues, a foote long or 
 more, ofawhitilh greene on the infide, which is hollow and chanalled , and of a 
 blewilh greene colour on the outfidc , and round withall : the ftalke of this kinde is 
 longer and flenderer then the former , with fome Ihorter leaues vpon it , at the toppe 
 whereof, out of fhort skinny leaues, ftand one or two flowers, fmaller, Ihorter, and 
 rounder then the flowers of the former broad leafed Flowerdeluces , but made after 
 the fame proportion with nine leaues , three falling downewards, with a yellow fpor 
 in the middle, other thrccare made like a long arch , which couer the lower part next 
 the ftalke ofthofc falling leaues, and turnevp at the ends of them, where theyaredi- 
 uided into two parts : the otherthreeftand vprighr, betvveene each of the three falling 
 leaues , being fomewhat long and narrow : the flower is wholly (fauing the yellow 
 fpot ) of a pure white colour, yet in fome hauing a fhew of fome blew throughout, and 
 in others towards thebottomeof the three vpright leaues : ufterthe flowers are part, 
 there rife vpfo many long cods or feede veflels, as there were flowers, which are 
 longer and fmaller then in the former, and a little bending like a Cornet, with three 
 round fquares, and round pointed alfo, which diuiding it felfc when the feede is ripe 
 into three parts , doe (hew fix feuerall cells or places, wherein is contained fuch like 
 round reddifli yellow feedes, but Imallerthcn the former theiroote is fmaller and 
 fhorter then the former, and without any haires or threads, couered with browne thi« 
 skinnes, and more plentifull in giuing encreafe. 
 
 Iris bulbofa anguflifolia alba flore maiore. 
 
 The greater white narrow leafed bulbous Flowerdeluce. 
 
 I (hall not neede to make a feuerall defeription to euery one of thefe Flowerdeluces 
 that follow, for that were but to makeoften repetition of one thing, which being once 
 done,asitis, may well ferue to exprefic all the reft, andbutonely toaddetheefpe- 
 
 ciall 
 
The Ljardm of plea) ant t lowers, 
 
 cial! differences, either in leafe or flower, for bigneffe,colour,or forme, as is expedient 
 to expreffe and diftinguifh them feuerally . This greater white bulbous Flowcrdeluce 
 is like vnto thelaft deferibed in all parts, fauing that it is a little largerand higher, both 
 in leafe, ftaike, and flower, and much whiter then any of thefe mixed forts that follow, 
 yet not fo white as the former : the roote hereofis likewife a little bigger and rounder 
 in the middle. 
 
 Wife wh!„. . Th erc ‘ s another , whofe falling leaues haue a little fhew of ycllowneffe 
 in them, and fo are the middle ridges of the arched leaues , but the vpright 
 leaues are more white, not differing in roote or leafe from the firft white, 
 ^liu'r colour And another, whofe falls arc of a yellowifh white, like.thelaft, thear- 
 ucr coiour. c jj et j i eaues are whiter, and the vpright leaues of a blewifh white, which we 
 calla filuer colour. 
 
 ! WhMiii Another hath the fals yellowifh, and fometimes with a little edge of 
 1 1 ' whiceaboutthem,andfoinetimeswithout;the vpright leaues arc whitifh* 
 
 as the arched leaues are, yet the ridge yellower. 
 
 £*• Ubr " Another hath his fals yellow , and the vpright leaues white , all thefe 
 White with fl ovvers are about the fame bigneffc with the firft. 
 yellow faU. But we haue another, whofe flower is fmaller,and almoft as white as the 
 
 ! ****" lower leaues are finall, and doc as it were ftand outright, not 
 
 The narrow hauing almoft any fal at all,fo that the yellow fpot (eemeth tobethe whole 
 i leafe, the arched leaues are not halfefo large as in the former, and the vp- 
 
 right leaues bowe themfelues in the middle, fo that the tops doe as it were 
 meete together. 
 
 Andanotherofthefame,whofefalling leaues are a little more eminent 
 and yellow, with a yellower fpot. 
 
 of urtt fut iu. We haueanother kinderhat is called the Spaniib yellow, which rifeth 
 
 ' The Spanifli not vp fo high, as ordinarily moft of the reft doe , and is wholly of a gold 
 I yellow. yellow colour. 
 
 i pallide lutei. There is another, that vfually rifeth higher then the former yellow, and 
 
 ! Straw colour, is wholly of a pale yellow, but deeper at the fpot. 
 i Albida lutea. T here is alfo another like vnto the pale yellow, but that the falling leaues 
 
 i pale Straw co- are whiter then all the reft of the flower. 
 
 i Mi'mtinicx There is a fmaller or dwarfe kinde, brought from thebacke parts of Bar- 
 
 i fliuafcrotim bary, nearetheSea, like vnto the yellow, but fmaller and lower, and in 
 i TheTmaU Bar- ^ ca< ^ °f vpright leaues, hath finall fliort leaues like haires : it flowreth very 
 i bary yellow, late, after-all others haue almoft giuentheirfeede. 
 
 ^amc'cinifa baue another fort is called the party coloured Spanifh bulbous Flow- 
 ! labritalbis. * erdeluce, whofe falling leaues are white, the arched leaues of aw hitifhiil- 
 : The party co- uer colour, and the vpright leaues of a fine blewifh purple. 
 
 ourc Spamfli Yet fometimes this doth vary • forthc falling leaues will haue either an 
 \ pi „ r p„. ed S e of blew , circling the white leaues , the arched leaues being a little 
 
 The diuerfity blewer, and the vpright leaues more purple. 
 
 be almoft wholly blew , edged with a blewer colour, the 
 
 t « ower. arc hed leaues pale blew, and the vpright leaues of a purplifh blew Violet 
 
 colour. 
 
 O r the fals white, the arched leaues pale white, as the vpright leaues are. 
 O r not of fo faire a blewifh purple, as the firft fort is. 
 
 Some of them alfo will haue larger flowers then others , and be more li- 
 berali in bearing flowers : for the firft fort, which is the moft ordinary, fel- 
 dome beareth aboue one flower on a ftaike, yet fometimes two. And of the 
 others there are fome that vvil beare vfually two and three flowers, yet fomc 
 ! certtka fiat a § a ‘ ac will beare but one. All thefe kindes fmell fweeter then many of the 
 i fumreaminer ocher, although the moft part be without fent. 
 
 : ixfnanicipr*- There is another kinde , that is fmaller in all the parts thereof then the 
 I Yhc fmiii former, the fhlkc is flender , and not fo high , bearing at the toppe one or 
 i «iriy purple two finall flowers, all wholly of a faire blewifh purple, with a yellow fpot 
 
 I Eortugall, ■ - Q 
 
178 
 
 T he (jar den of pleafant Flowers. 
 
 VuYpvru ma~ 
 hr. 
 
 The greater 
 purple. 
 
 'Purpures firttina 
 
 ineucry one of the three falling leaues, this vfually flowreth early, euen 
 with the firft bulbous Flowerdeluces. 
 
 We haue another purple, whofe flower is larger, and flalkc higher, and 
 is of a very reddidi purple colour, a littleaboue the ground, atthe foote or 
 bottomeofthe leaues and dalke : this flowreth with the later fort of Flow- 
 erdeluces. 
 
 Thereis another, whofe flower is wholly purple, except the yellow 
 •i-klutc p»rpic. fpot,and flowreth later then any of the other purples. 
 
 ni.jim, There is yet another purple, whofevpright leaues are of areddilhpur- 
 'ak/j i&^rpie pie, and the falling leaues of a blew colour. 
 
 And another of a reddidi purple, whofe falling leaues are of a whitifh 
 umMM blew colour, in nothing elfe differing from the lad. 
 
 Arida» parpic Another hath his falling leaues of a faire gold yelIow,without any ftripe, 
 y« in fome there are veines running through theyellow leaues , and fome 
 haueanedgeofa fallen darke colour about them : the vpright leaues in e- 
 ranv coloured^ ucry of thefe, are of a Violet purple. 
 
 ii ow Another is altogether likethis lad, but that the falling leaues are ofa pale 
 
 blew and yellow, trauerfing one the other, and thearched leaues of a pale 
 j&SttUfet purplifh colour. 
 
 &!»««« » Another hath his vpright leaues of a paler purple, and the falling leaues 
 • “ ‘ yellow. 
 
 Jrt£wSS. wl * And another little differing from it, but that the arched leaues are whitifh . 1 
 
 Another whole vpright leaues are of a pale blew , and the faffing leaues 
 
 biViVudJStow And another of the famefort,but of a Iittlepaler blew. 
 gamiaru. We haue another fort, whofe vpright leaues are of a faire brownifh yel- 
 amt. ii,™ j ow co j ourj which fome call a Fuittc more, and others an hairc colour j the 
 uiun falling leaues yellow. 
 
 ami hwc co. And another of the fame colour, but fomewhat deader. 
 
 Iris bulnsfi Afrit tut ferpenturu unit. 
 
 The purple or murrey bulbous Barbary Flo werdeluce. 
 
 This Flowerdeluce as it is more drange (that is, but lately knowne and pofTefTed 
 by a few) fo it is both more defired, and of more beauty then others. It is in all 
 refpetds, of roote, leafe, and flower , fortheforme likevntothc middlefortof thefe 
 Flowerdeluces, onely the lowed part of the leaues and ftalke, for an inch or therea- 
 bouts, next vnto the ground, arcofa reddi fh colour, fpotted with many fpots, and the 
 flower, being of a meane fize, is of a deepe purplifh red or murrey colour the whole 
 flower throughout, except the yellow fpot in the middle of the three lower or falling 
 leaues, as is in all others. 
 
 > t * icre is another fort , which is the greated of all thefe nar- 
 tris fifth. 1 row leafed Flowerdeluces, in all the parts of it s for the roote is greater 
 The duskie then any of the other , being thicke and ihort : the leaues are broader and 
 f "‘ ! [ ( . colourc<1 longer, but of the fame colour: the dalke is dronger and higher then any of 
 them, bearing two or three flowers, larger alfothen any ofthe red, whofe 
 falling leaues are of a duskie yellow , and fometimes with veines and bor- 
 ders about the brimmes, of another dunne colour, yet hauing that yellow 
 fpot chat is in all : the arched leaues are ofa fullen pale purplifh yellow,and 
 the vpright leaues of a dull or duskie blewilh purple colour: the heads or 
 homes for feedeare like wife greater, and fo is the feede alfo a little. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 Thefe Flowerdeluces haue had their originali out of Spaineand Portu- 
 gall, as it is thought , except thofc that haue rifen by the fowing,and thofc 
 which are named of Africa. 
 
 The. 
 
The Cjarden of pie af ant Flowers, 
 
 '7 9 
 
 The Time. 
 
 ThefeflovverinIune,andfometimes abide vnto Iuly, but vfually not To 
 early as the former broad leafed kindes , and are foene fpoiled with wet in 
 their flowring. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 Thefeyerall names, both in Latine and Englifh,arefufficient for them as 
 they arc fet downe ; for we know no better. 
 
 ThcVertues. 
 
 Thereis not any thing extant orto be heard, thatanyof thefc kindes of 
 Flowerdeluces hath been vfed to any Phyficallpurpofes, and feruc onely 
 to decke vp the Gardens of the curious. 
 
 And thus much for thefe forts of bulbous Flowerdeluces, and yet I doubt not, but 
 that there are many differences, which hauc rifen by the fowing of the feede, as many 
 may obferue from their o wne labours , for that euery yeare doth fhew forth fome va- 
 riety that is not feenc before. And now I will conuert my difeourfe a while likewife, 
 to paffc through the feuerall rankes of the other kindes of tuberous rooted Flowerde- 
 luces, called Flagges. 
 
 Chap. XX. 
 
 Iris Uti/olU t dir of a. The Flagge or Flowerdeluce. 
 
 T Here are two principali kindes of tuberous or knobby rooted FIowerdeluces 4 
 that is, the tall and the dwarfe, or the greater and the leffer; the former called 
 Iris miior or UtifolU, and the other Iris minor, or rather Chamsiris; and each of 
 thefe hauc their ielfer or narrow leafed kindes to bee comprehended vnderthem: Of 
 all which in their order. And firft of that Flowerdeluce,which for his excellent beau- 
 tie and raritie, deferueth the firft place. 
 
 Iris Chttlccdonici [use Sufism msier. The great Turkie Flowerdeluce. 
 
 The great Turkie Flowerdeluce, hath diuers heads of long and broad frefh greene 
 leaues, yet not fo broad as many other of thofe that follow, one folded within ano- 
 ther at the bottome, as all other of thefe Flowerdeluces are : from the middle of fome 
 one of thofe heads (for euery head of leaues beareth not a flower) rifeth vp a round 
 ftiffe ftalke, t wo foote high, at the toppe whereof ftandeth one flower (for I neuer ob- 
 feruedittobearctwo)thelargeftalmoft,but rareftof all the reft, confifting of nine 
 leaues, like the others that follow, but of the colour almoft of a Snakes skinne, it is fo 
 diuerfly fpotted ; for the three lower falling leaues are very large , of a deepe or darke 
 purple colour, almoft blacke, full of grayifh fpots,ftrakes,and lines through the whole 
 leaues, with a blacke thrume or freezein the middle of each of them: the three arched 
 leaues that couer them , are of the fame darke purple colour , yet a little paler at the 
 fides, the three vpper leaues are very large alfo, and of the fame colour with the lower 
 leaues, but a little more liuely and frefh, being fpeckled and ftraked with whiter fpots 
 and linesj which leaues being laid in water, will colour the water into a Violet colour, 
 but if a little Allome be put therein, and th en wrung or preffed, and the iuice of thefe 
 leaues dryed in the (hadow, will giue a colour almoft as deepe as Indico, and may 
 ferue for fhadowes in Iimming excellent well : the flower hath no fent that can be per- 
 ceiued,but is onely commendable for the beauty and rarity thereof : it feldome bea- 
 reth feedes in thefe cold CountrieSjbutwhenitdoth, it is contained in great heads. 
 
1 3 o j The (jar den of plea) ant Flowers. 
 
 being bro wnilh and round, but not lo fl.it as in other forts, the roots are more browne 
 on the outfidc, and growing tuberous thicke, as all other that are kept in Gardens. 
 
 Iru Chxlcidon'ua fine Sufiana minor. The leflcrTurkie Flowerdeluce. 
 
 There is another hereof little differing, but that the leafeis of a more yellowifir 
 greenc colour, and the flower neither fo large or faire , nor of fo perfpicuous markes 
 
 and fpots, nor the colour of that liuely (though darke) luftre. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 Thefe hauebeen fentout ofTurkie diuers times among other things, and 
 it fhould feeme, that they haue had their originali from about Sufis,a chiefe 
 CitieofPerfia. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 They flower in May moft vfually, before any of the other kindes. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 They haue been fent vnto vs, and vnto diuers other in other parts , from 
 Conftanrinople vnder thename of ^ilaia Suftana , and thereupon it hath 
 been called, both of them and vs, either Iru chaleedomca, or Sufi ana, and for 
 thftin&ion mxior or minor : lnEngli(h,The Turkie Flowcrdeluce, or the 
 GinnieHen Flowerdelucc, thegreaterorthelelfer. 
 
 Iris ail'd Flortntina. The white Flovverdeluce. 
 
 The great white Flowerdeluce, hath many heads ofvery broad and flat long leaues, 
 enclofing cr folding one within another at thebottome, and after a little diuided one 
 from another toward the top, thin edged, likea fword on both fides, and thicker in the 
 middle: from the middle of lomc of thefe heads of leaues,rifeth vp a round ftiffc ftalk, 
 two or three foot high, bearing at the top one,two,or three large flowers, out of feue- 
 rall huskes or skins, confiding of nine leaues,as all the other do, ofa faire white colour, 
 hauing in the middle of each of the three falling leaues , a fmall long yellow frize or 
 thrume, as is moft vfuall in all the forts of the following Flowerdeluccs , both of the 
 greater and fmaller kindes : after the flowers are paft, come thefeed,inclo(ed in thicke 
 (hort pods, full fraught or ftored with red roundiflj and flat feede, lying clofe one vpon 
 another : the rootc is tuberous or knobby , (hooting out from euery fide fuch like tube- 
 rous heads, lying for the moft part vpon or aboue the ground, and fattened within the 
 ground with long white firings or fibres, which hold them ftrongly , and encreafeth 
 thrciiViJt. There is another like vnto this laft inallthings, failing that the colourof the 
 
 flower is ofa more yellowifii white, which we vfually call a Straw colour. 
 
 Iru alba malar rerficolor. The white party coloured Flowcrdeluce. 
 
 This variable Flowerdelucc is like vnto the former, but that the leaues are notfo 
 large and broad, the flower hereof is as large almoft, and as white as the former, but it 
 hath a faire lift or line of a blewifti purple downethebacke of euery one of the three 
 vpright leaues , and likewile round aboutthc edges, both of the vpper and lower 
 leaues, and alfo a little more purplifh vpon the ridge of the arched leaues , t hat couer 
 the falling leaues: the roote hereof is not fo great as of the former white, buta little 
 flendercr and browner. 
 
 ■■ 'tnv/ -i • - f- • i • . M A . ii aud 
 
 Iru Dalmatica maior. The great Dalmatian Flowerdelucc. 
 
 This greater Flowerdelucc of Dalmatia , hath his leaues as large and broad as any 
 of the Flowerdeluces whatfoeucr , his ftalkc and flower doe ecyuuil his other propor- 
 
T be Ljarden of plea) ant t lowers. 
 
 181 
 
 furptria^ 
 
 tion , oncly the colour of the flower is differing , being of a fairc watrhet or bleake 
 blew colour wholly, with the yellow frize or thrum do wnc the middle of the lower 
 or falling leaues, as before is faid to be common to all thefe forts of Flowerdeluces- in 
 all other parts it little differeth, fauing onely this is obferued to haue a fmall fhevr ofa 
 purpliih red about the botcome of thcgrecne leaues. 
 
 Iris furfurea fine vulgar it. The common purple Flowerdeluce. 
 
 This Flowerdeluce, which is moft common in Gardens, differeth nothing at all 
 from thofe that are formerly deferibed, either in rootc, leafe, or flower for the forme 
 of them, but onely chat the leaues of this are not fo large as thelaft, and the flower it 
 felfe is of a deep purple or Violet colour, and fometimes a little declining to redneffe 
 cfpecially in fome places. * 
 
 Sometrmes this kinde of Flowerdeluce will haue flowers of a paler purple colour Pl t 
 
 commrngneare vnto a blew , and fometimes it will haue vcines or flripes ofa deeper hd <° r »«#«.* 
 
 blew, or purple, orafh-colour, running through all the vpper and lower leaues r /or - 
 
 v P igtSr herl,keVnt0ChiS> bUt m0rCpUrpk in thefals > an< * More pale in. the c*r*ieaubrit 
 
 Iri* '^ifiatic* camlet. The blew Flowerdeluce of Alia. 
 
 This Flowerdeluce of Alia, is in largeneffe of leaues like vnto the Dalmatian but 
 beareth more ftore of flowers on feuerall branches, which are ofa deeper blew co 
 lour, and the arched leaues whitilh on thefrde, and purplilh on the ridges.but in other 
 things like vnto it. 
 
 There is another neare vnto this, butthathis leaues are a little narrower, andhis 
 1 flowers a little more purple, efpecially the vpper leaues. 
 
 Iris Damifcena. The Flowerdeluce of Damafco. 
 
 This is likewife altogether like the Flowerdeluce of Alia,but that it hath fome whitd 
 ' veines in the vpright leaues. 
 
 Iris Lufitauic* kijlor*. The Portugall Flowerdeluce. 
 
 This Portugall Flowerdeluce is very like the common purple Flowerdeluce but 
 ■ that tll, s ls not fo large in leaues, or flowers , and that it doth often flower twice in a 
 yeare, that is, both in the Spring, and in the Autumne againe, and befides, the flower s 
 i haue a better or fweeter fent, but of the like purple or Violet colour as it is , and com- 
 i ming forth out of purplilh skins or huskes. 
 
 Iris earner try fiue furfurea verftceler maior. 
 
 The greater variable coloured purple Flowerdeluce. 
 
 The greater of the variable purple Flowerdeluces, hath very broad leaues, like vn- 1 
 » te the leaues of the common purple Flowerdeluce, and fo is the flower alfo, but diffe- 
 “ Hngmcolour, for the three lower leaues are of a deepe purple colour tending to red- 
 . nefle, the three arched leaues are of the colour with the vpper leaues , which areof a 
 ! P , or bleakc colour tending to yellowneffe, lhadowed ouer with a fmoakie purplifli 
 j ^° ur > excc P t the ntJ ges of the arched leaues , which are of a more liuely purple 
 
 Iris furfurea ver fictior minor. The leffer variable purple Flowerdeluce. 
 
 This Flowerdeluce differeth not in any thing from thelaft, but onely that it hath 
 ' narrower greene leaues, and fmaller and narrower flowers, elfeif they be both con- 
 J ataTl t0gCther ’ the colours wiU not fccme t0 varie the one from the other any whit 
 
 Thereis another fomewhat neare vnto thefe two laftkindes, whofehuskes from *»»Si 
 
 CL whence^'— 
 
i8z 
 
 The (garden of plea! ant Flowers. 
 
 Varietas. 
 
 ~^^^^^^^7doe(hootc forth, haue purple veinesin them, and lo haue the tai- 
 ling purplifh leaues,and the three vprightleauesare not fo fmoakie, yet of a dun pur- 
 pie colour. 
 
 i r is cxrulu verftcolor. The blew party coloured Flowerdeluce. 
 
 This party coloured FloWerdeluce hath his leaues of the fame largeneffe, with the 
 iefTr variable purple Flowerdeluce Iaft delcribed , and his flowers diuerfly marked : 
 
 for fome haue the fals blew at the edges, and whitiihatthebottome the arched leaues 
 
 of a vello wilh white, and the vpright leaues of awhinfh blew, with yellowilh edges. 
 Some asaine are of a darker blew, with brow mill (pots in them. And fomeare fo pale 
 a blew, chat we may well callit an alh-colour: And laftly,there is another of this fort, 
 whofe vpright leaues are ofafaire pale blew, with yellowilh edges and the falling 
 leaues parted into two colours, fomcrimes equally in the halfe, each fide futable to the 
 other in colour : And fomecimes hauing the one leafe in that manner : And fome- 
 times but with a diuers coloured lift iiuhem ; in the other parts both of flower and 
 leafe, like vnto the other. , . t -. . - 
 
 hii lutu vxriegxU. The yellow variable Flowerdeluce. 
 
 This yellow variable Flowerdeluce lofeth his leaues in Winter, contrary to all the 
 Former Flowerdeluces, fo that his rooteremaineth vndergroundwithoutany fliewof 
 leafe vpon it: but in the beginning of the Spring it fhooteth out faire broad leaues, 
 falling downwards at the points or ends , but fhorter many times then any of the for- 
 mer and fo is the ftalke likewife, not riling much aboue a foote high , whereon are fee 
 two or three large flowers, whofe falling leaues are of a reddifh purple colour, the three 
 that ftand vpright of a fmoakie yellow, the arched leaues hauing their ridges of a 
 bleake colour tending to purple, the fidcs being of the former fmoakie yellow colour, 
 with fome purplifh veincs at the foote or bottome of all the leaues : the roote grovyeth 
 fomewhat more (lender and long vnder ground, and of a darker colour then mame of 
 
 Another fort hath the vpright leaues of a reafonable faire yellow, and ftand more 
 vpright not bowing downe as mod of the other, and the purple fals haue pale edges. 
 Some haue their greene leaues party coloured, white and greene, more or leffe, and fo 
 are the huskes of the flowers, the arched leaues yellow, as the vpright leaues are, with 
 purplifh veines at the bottome. And fome haue both thearched and vpright leaues o», 
 fo pale a yellow, that we may almoft call it a ftraw colour, but yellower at the bot- 
 tome, with purple veines,and the falling leaues purple,with two purple fpotsmthem. 
 
 And thefe are the forts ofthe greater tuberous or Flaggc Flowerdeluces that haue. 
 come to our knowledge : the next hereunto are the lefler or narrow leafed kindes to be 
 deferibed ; and firft ofthe greateft of them. 
 
 i .lru AKguftifolU Triptlitd nx auru . The yellow Flowerdeluce of T ripoly. 
 
 This Flowerdeluce I place in the forefront of the narrow leafed Flowerdeluces,’ 
 for the length ofthe leaues, compared with thebreadth of them ; it may fitly bee cal- 
 led a narrow leafed Flowerdeluce, although they be an inch broad, which is broader 
 then any of them that follow, or fome of thofeare fetdownebefore, butaslfaid, the 
 length make them feem narrow, and therfore let it take vp his roomc in this place, with 
 the defeription that followeth* It bearcth leaues ayard long, or not much Icfle, and 
 an inchbroad,as is faid before, or more , of a fad greene colour , but not mining : the 
 ftalke rifeth vp to be foure or fiue foote high , being ftrong and round , but not very 
 great bearing at the toppe twoorthree long and narrow gold yellow flowers, of the 
 fafhion of thebulbous Flowerdeluces, asthenext to bee deferibed is, without any 
 mixture or variation therein : the heads for feede arerhrcefquare, containing within 
 them many flat cornered feedes : the roote is long and blackifh, like vnto the reft that 
 follow, but greater and fuller. 
 
 j .Iris 
 
The garden of pleaf ant Flowers. 
 
 I Jrit chalcettamcafitic Supana maior Tbt great Turkic Flowcrdeluce. i Jrir alb. rUrntmt, The white FlowerJtloce 
 ft Avartigata.Tht variable Flowerdclucc. a, Chamairis tut folia mmr. The greater dvrarfs Flawtr*k!uce> 
 
 Qj 
 
 $ irislati 
 
¥ be (jar den of pleafant Flowers. 
 
 1&4. 
 
 l. Iris anguttifelix msior car idea. 
 
 The greater blew Flowerdeluce with narrow Ieaues. 
 
 This kinde of Flowerdeluce hath his Ieaues very long and narrow , of a whitifh 
 greene colour, but neither fo long or broad as the laft, yet broader,thicker and ftiffer 
 then any of the reft with narrow Ieaues that follow : the ftalke rifeth fometimes no 
 higher then the Ieaues, and fometimes a little higher, bearing diuers flowers at the top, 
 fuccefliuely flowring one after another, and are like vnto the flowers of the bulbous 
 Flowerdeluces, but of a light blew colour, and fometimes deeper : after the flowers 
 are paft, rife vp fix cornered heads, which open into three parts, wherein is contained 
 brownefeede,almoft round: therooteis fmall, blackilh and hard, fpreading into 
 many long heads, and more clofely growing or matting together. 
 
 3. Iris anguflifolia purpurea marina. The purple narrow leafed Sea Flowerdeluce. 
 
 This Sea Flowerdeluce hath many narrow hard Ieaues as long as the former, and 
 ofadarkegreene colour, which doe fmellalittle ftrong : the ftalke beareth twoor 
 threeflowersliketheformer,but fomcwhatlelTe,andof a darke purple or Violet co- 
 lour : in feede and rootc it is like the former. 
 
 4. Iris angtsflifolia purpureaverficolor. 
 
 The variable purple narrow leafed Flowerdeluce. 
 
 The Ieaues of this Flowerdeluce are very like the former Sea Flowerdeluce, and do 
 a little ftinke like them ; the flowers are differing , in that the vpper Ieaues are wholly 
 purple or violet, and the lower Ieaues haue white veines, and purple running one a- 
 mong another : the feede and rootes differ not from the former purple Sea kinde. 
 
 5 . Iris anguflifolia minor Pannonica fine ver pooler Cluftj. 
 
 The fmall variable Hungarian Flowerdeluce of Clufius . 
 
 This Hungarian Flowerdeluce(firft found out by Clufius , by him deferibed , and 
 of him tooke the name) rifeth vp with diuers fmall tufts of Ieaues, very long, narrow, 
 and greenc,growing thicke together, efpecially if it abideany time in a pIace ; among 
 which rifeth vp many long round ftalkes, higher then the Ieaues, bearing two orthree, 
 or foure fmall fl owers, one aboue another, like the former, but fmaller and of greater 
 beauty : for the lower Ieaues are variably ftriped with white and purple, without any 
 thrume or fringe at aifthe vpper Ieaues are of a blewilh fine purple or Violet colour, & 
 fo are the arched Ieaues, yet hauing the edges a little paler : the heads for feede arc 
 fmaller, and not fo cornered as the other, containing feedes much like the former, but 
 fmaller : therooteis blacke and fmall, growing thicker and clofer together then any 
 other,and ftrongly fattened in the ground, with a number of hard ftringie rootes : the 
 flowers are of a reafonable good fent. 
 
 6 . iris anguflifolia maior flere duplies. Thcgreater double blew Flowerdeluce. 
 
 This Flowerdeluce, differeth not either in rootc or leafe from the firft great blew 
 Flowerdeluce of Clufius, but oncly in that the Ieaues grow thicker together, and that 
 the flowers of this kinde areas it were double with many Ieaues confufedly fet toge- 
 ther, without anydiftindt parts of a Flowerdeluce, and ofafairc blew colour with 
 many white veines and lines running in the Ieaues ; yet oftentimes the ftalke of flowers 
 hath but two or three fmall flowers diftindtly fet together, rifing as it were out of one 
 huske. 
 
 7. Iris angaflifoliaminor alba Clujij. 
 
 „The fmall white Flowerdeluce of Hungary. 
 
 This likewife differeth little from the former Hungarian Flowerdeluce of Clufius, 
 
 but 
 
i %6 The (jar den of pkafani Flowers. 
 
 batthattHercafeisofalittlepaIer|reehecol6ur, art'd the flower is of a fairewhitilh 
 colour, with fome purple at the bottome of the leaues. 
 
 Next After thefe harrow leafed Flowerdeluces, are the greater and fmaller fdrtkbf 
 dwarfe kindes to follow ; and laftly,the narrow or graffe leafed dwarfe kindes, Much 
 Will finifh this Chapter ofFlowerdeluces. 
 
 l.Cbtmxirii UtifolU maitr ilka: The greater white dwarfe Flowerdeluce. 
 
 This dwarfe Flowefdeluce hath his leaues as broad as fome of the IclTcr kindes life 
 mentioned, but not fhorterjthfcftalke is very (liort, not abouehalfe a foote highbr 
 thereabouts, bearing moft commonly but one flo wer,feIdome two, which are in fome 
 of a pure white, in others paler, or fomewliat yellowilh through the whole flower, ex- 
 cept the yellow frize or thrume in the middlcof cuery one of the tailing leaues : after 
 the flowers are paft, come forth great heads, containing within them round pale feed: 
 theroote is fmall, according to the proportion of the plant aboue ground , but madfc 
 after the fafhion of the grekter kindes, with tuberous peeces fpreading from the fides 
 and ftrong fibres or firings, whereby they arc fattened in the ground. 
 
 2 . ChtmtirU litifolta maior'purpnrea.’Xhe greater purple dwarfe Flowerdeluce. 
 
 There is no difference either in roote, leafe, or forme Of flower in this from thfe fir- 
 mer dwarfe kinde , butonelyin thecolourof theflower, whichinfomcisofa very 
 decpeorblackeVioIetpurple, both thetoppes and the fals : in others the Violet pur- 
 ple is more liuely, and in fome the vpper leaues are blew, and the lower Icauespurplc, 
 yet all ofthemhaue that yellow frize or rhrumeinthc middle of the falling leaues! 
 that the other kindes haUe. 
 
 Mint. There is another that beareth purple flowers, that might be reckoned, for the fmal- 
 
 neffe and Ihortneffe of his ftalkc , to thenext kinde , but that the flowers and leaues of 
 this are as large as any of the former kindes of the fmaller Flowerdcluces. 
 
 3 . ebamairu UtifolU riintr alba. The letter white dwarfe Flowerdeluce. 
 
 Thereisalfo another fort of thcfeFloWerdeluces, whofe leaues and flowers ire 
 leffe, and wherein there is much variety. The leaues of this kinde , are all for the moil 
 part fomewhat fmaller, narrower, and ffrorter then the former : the fialkewith the 
 flower vpon it fcarce rifeth abouethe leaues , fo that in moft of them it may bc.-athit 
 called a foote-ftalke, fuch as the Saffron flowers haue, and are therefore called of mji* 
 nie without ftalkcs ; the flowers are like vnto the firft deferibed ©f.'fie dwarft 
 kindes, and ofa whirifh colour, with a few purplifh lines at the bottoms of thevpper 
 leaues, and a lift of greene in the falling leaues. 
 
 St r£aiut Another hath the flowers of a pale yellow , called a Straw colour , with whiti/h 
 (tripes and veines in the fals, and purplifh lines at the bottom e of the vpper leaues. 
 
 4 .Chamairis latifolia minor purpurea. The letter purple dwarfe Flowerdeluce. 
 
 The difference of this from the former, confifteth more in the colour then forme of 
 the flower, which is of a deep Violet purple, fometimes paler, and (ometimes fo deep, 
 that it almoft feemeth blacke : Andfomerimesthe fals purplifh, and the vpper leaues 
 blew. Some ofthefe haueafweete fent, and fome none. 
 etiulu- There is another ofa fine pale or delayed blew colour throughout the whole flower. 
 
 y. Chamriru latifoli a minor fuauerubens. 
 
 The lefler blufh coloured dwarfe Flowerdeluce. 
 
 This Flowerdeluce hath the falling leaues of the flower of areddiih colour , ami 
 the thrumesblew : the vpper and arched leaues ofa fine pale red or flefh colour , cal- 
 led ablufn colour in all other things it differeth nor, and iinelleth little or nothing 
 
 6. chamairis 
 
The far den of plenjant Mowers. 
 
 6 . chamxiris Ltifitib miner lute* verficeler. 
 
 The IelTer yellow variable dwarfc Flowerdeluce. 
 
 The falling leaues of this Flowerdeluce arcyellowilh, with purplelines from the 
 middle do wnewards, fometimes of a deeper, and fometimes of a paler colour and 
 white thrumes in the middle, the vpper leaues are likewife of a yello wifli colour 1 wit h 
 iparplt titles in them : And fometimes tire yellow colour is paler, add the fines both in 
 the vppet and lower leaues of a dull 0* dead purple colour. 
 
 3 . chimxiris Iftifeli* miner Urulei ver {idler. 
 
 The leflcr blew variable dWarFe Flowerdeluce. 
 
 The vpper leaues of this flower are of a blewilh yellow colour, fpotted with purple 
 in the broad part , andatthebotrottie vfcryirii+oW :ehe filing leaues are fpread ouer 
 with pale purplifh lines , and a fmall (hew of blew about the brimmes : the thrume is 
 yellow at th'ebottome,and bleWilh about:thfc arched femes Sit Of a weWiih White,bc- 
 ittg a little deeper on the ridge. 
 
 And fometimes the^perleatKsatfcofapifeblbWttthttwhftilhjWftbthfcyffroW; 
 both thefe haueno fent at all. 
 
 8. cbmxiris mrin*p*'rpHrei.fhtc'pXifyii&tfZi& Sea FloWenJelihre. 
 
 This fmall Flowerdeluce is like rnto the narrow leafed Sea flbWttftfehlce fef/otb 
 deferibed, both in roote, lfeaft, and flower, hSUihg tro Other diHFef-tiice, but fti rhtfrail- 
 fttffe and lo wnefle of the growing, being bfthfc lime pittpie 'cbioik With ft. 
 
 $. cbxmxiris ingusHfolii miter. the greater Gratte PloWerdeWc; 
 
 This Grafle Flowerdeluce hath many long and narrow darief greeflfe leaues, notfe 
 ftilfe as the former, but lither, and bending their ends doWne igaitid , SifibfigWnitB 
 rife vp diuers (hikes, bearing at the toppe two or thftt IWette IfeWFft. is fmall is inv 
 of them fet do wne before, of a reddifh pUrple colour. With Whftifh yelloW and purple 
 ftrakesdowne the middle of the falling leaues : the arched leaues arebF a horfe 
 colour all alongthd edges, and purple VpOft the ridgeS and tips that turne vp agaitte; 
 vtvdcr thefe appeare three browne aglets, like Vftto birds tongues : the three Vppff 
 leaues are fmall and narrow, of a ptrfed purple or Violet colour : the heads For leede 
 haue (harper and harder cornered edges then the former: the feedes are fomewhat 
 grayifh like the former, and foarethttOOteS, being fmall , blacke, and hard, growing 
 thicke together, fattened in the ground with fmall blackifii hard firings, which hardly 
 ffrborc againe if the roote be rcmOued . 
 
 io. cbxmxiris attgaftifelU miner. The leflcr Grafle Flowerdeluce. 
 
 This Flowerdeluce is in leaues, flowers, and rootes fo like the laft deferibed , that 
 but onely it is fmallcr and lower, itis not to be diftinguiflied From the other. And this 
 may fuffice for thefe forts of FlowerdeluceS, thitftlmilh the Gardens of the curious 
 louersofthefe varieties of nature, fo farre forth as hath pafled voder our knowledge. 
 There are fome other that may be referred hereunto, but they belong to another hi- 
 ftory ; and therefore I make no mention of them in this place. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 The places of thoftof theft areftt downe ift theit ftuttill titles; for 
 fome arc out of Turkie, others Out Of Huhgatia , Dalmatia, fllyria,&c. 
 as their names doe import, Thofe that grow by the Sea, ift found in 
 Spaine and France. 
 
 The 
 
■88 
 
 The (garden of pleajant Flowers. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 Somcofthefcdo flower in Aprill,fome in May,and fomcnot vntill lime. 
 
 The Names. n ,‘fi 
 
 The names cxprefled are the fitteft agreeing vnto them, and therefore it 
 is needlefle againe to repeatethem. Many of the rootes of the formet or 
 
 f reater kindcs, being drycd are fweete, yet fomc more then other, and fome 
 aue no fent at all : but aboucall the reft, that with the white flower called 
 of Florence, is accounted of all to be the l weeteft roor,fit to be vfed to make 
 fweete powders, &c. calling it by the name of Orris rootes. 
 
 IrUtubertft. The Veluct Flowerdeluce. 
 
 Vnto the Family of Flowcrdeluces, I muft needes ioynethis peculiar kindc.becaufe 
 of the ne3rc refcmblance of the flower, although it differ both in rooteand leafe . left 
 therefore it (hould haue no place, let ir take vp a roome here in the end of the Flo’ver- 
 deluces,with this defeription following. It hath many fmall and foure fquare leaues 
 two foote long and aboue lomctimes, ofa grayilh greene colour, ftiffe at the firft but 
 afterwardsgtowing totheir full length, they are weakand bend downe to theground- 
 out of the middle, as it were of one of thefe leaues, breaketh out the ftalke, a foot high 
 and better, with lornt leaues thereon , at the toppe whereof, out ofa fmske rifeth one 
 flower, (I neuer faw more on a ftalke) confiding of nine leaues, whereof the three that 
 fall downe arc ofa yeUowifh greene colour roundabout the edges, and in the middle 
 of fo deepe a purple, that it feemeth to be blacke, rcfembling blacke Veluet : the three 
 arched leaues, that couer the lower leaues to the halfe, are of the famcgreenilhcolour 
 that the edges and backfide of the lower leaues are : the three vppermoft leaues if 
 they may be called leaues, or rather ihort peeces like cares, arc green alfo. but wherein 
 aglimpfc of purple may bcfcencin them : after the flower is paft , there* followeth a 
 round knob or whitilh feede vclfell, hanging downe by a fmall foote- ftalke, from be- 
 tweene the huske, which is diuided asit were into two leaues, wherein is contained 
 round whicc feede. The rente is bunched or knobbed out into long round rootes 
 Eke vnto fingers, twoortbree from one peece, one diftant from another, and one 
 longer thenaaother, for the mod part of a darkilh gray colour, and reddifn withail on 
 theoutfidc, and fomcwhatyellowiih within. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 It hath beene fent out of T urkie oftentimes (as growing naturally there-' 
 
 abouts) and not knowne to grow naturally any where elfe. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 It flowreth in Aprill or May , fometimes earlier or later, as the Spring 
 laileth out to be mlide or iharpe. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 Matthieluscontendcthtomake it the true HtrmtAeBjlw , rather from 
 thelhew ofthe rootes, which (as isfaid) are like vnto fingers, then from any 
 other good reafon : for the rootes hereof cyther dry or greene, do nothing 
 refemblc the true HermedafyU that are vfed in Phyficke,asany thatknow- 
 eth them may eafily perceiue, either in forme orvertue. It is moretruely 
 «ferrato the Flowcrdeluces, and becaufe of the tuberous rootes^ called 
 iht mb&ojt, although all the Flowcrdeluces in this Chapter hauc tuberous 
 
 rootes. 
 
• 1 be Cjarden of pleafant Flowers, 
 
 rootes, yet this much differing from them all. In Engliih it is vfually called 
 The VeluctFlo\verdeluce,becaufethe three falling leaues feeme to be like 
 fmooth blacks Veluet. 
 
 TheVertues. 
 
 iSp 
 
 Both the rootes and the flowers of the great Flowerdeluccs , are of great 
 vfc for the purging and cleaning of many inward, as well as outward dilea- 
 fes, as all Authors in Phy ficke doe record. Some haue vied alfo the greene 
 rootes to cleanfethe skinne, but they hadneedeto be carefull that vfe them , 
 leftthey takemoreharmerhengoodbythevfeofthern. Thedryed rootes 
 called Orris (as is Paid) is of much vie to make fweete powders , or other 
 things to perfume apparrell or linnen. The iuice or decoftion of the green 
 roots doth procureboth neezing to be fnuft vp into the noftrils,and vomi- 
 ting very ftrongly being taken inwardly. 
 
 .-ji; wjnom r>v»of; .i Lns^smidf ihui as 
 
 Chap.^XT. 
 
 Gladiolus. Corne Flagge. 
 
 N Ext vnto the Flagges or Flowerdeluces, come the Gladioli or Corne Flaggesto 
 bee entreated of, forfomerefemblanceof the leaues with them. There arc 
 hereof diuers forts, fome bigger and fome leffer, but the chiefeft difference is 
 in the colour of the flowers, and one in the order of the flowers. Of them all in their 
 feuerall orders. 
 
 Gladiolus Narbonenfis. The French Corne Flagge. 
 
 The French Corne Flagge rifeth vp with three or foure broad , long , and ftiffc 
 greene leaues, one as it were out of the fide of another, being ioyned together at the 
 bottome, fomdwhat like vnto the leaues of Flowerdeluces , butftiffer, morefullof 
 ribbes, and longerthen many of them, and lharper pointed : the ftalke rifeth vp from 
 among the leaues, bearing them on it as it rifeth, hauingatthe toppe diuers huskes, 
 out of which come the flowers one aboue another, all of them turning and opening 
 themfelues one way, which are long and gaping , like vnto the flowers of Foxegloue, 
 a little arched or bunching vp in the middle, of a faire reddilh purple colour, with two 
 white fpots within the mouth thereof , one on each fide, made like vnto a Lozenge 
 that is fquare and long pointed .-after the flowers are part, come vp round heads or 
 feedeveffels, wherein is contained reddilh flat feede, like vnto thefeedeof the Fritil- 
 laria,but thicker and fuller : theroote is fomewhat great, round, flat, and hard, with a 
 fhewasifit were netted, hauing another fhortfpongieonevndcrlt, which whenit 
 hath done bearing, and the llalke dry , that the roore may be taken vp, fticketh clofe to 
 the bottome, but may be eafily taken away, hauing vfually a number of fmall rootes 
 encreafed about it, the leaft whereof will quickly grow,fo that if it be fuffered any long 
 time in a Garden, it will rather choake and pefter it, then be an ornament vnto it. 
 
 Gladiolus Italicm binis floribus ordinibus, The Italian Corne Flagge. 
 
 The Italian Corne Flagge is like vnto the French in roote , leafe, and flotver, with- 
 out any other difference, thenthatthe roote isfmallerand browner, the leafeand 
 ftalke of a darker colour, and the flowers (being of a little darker colour like the for- 
 mer, and fomewhat fmaller) ftand out on both fides of the llalke. 
 
 Gladiolus "Byzantinus. Corne Flagge of Conftantinople. 
 
 This Corne Flaggethat came firft from Conftantinople, is in all things like vnto 
 the French Corne Flagge laft deferibed, but that it is larger, both in rootes, leaues, and 
 
 flowers, 
 
ipo The Cjarden of plea/ ant Flowers. 
 
 flowers, and likewife that the Flowers of this, which ftandnor on both fides areof a 
 deeper red colour, and flower later, after all the reft are paft : the rootc hereof bein<* 
 netted as plainly as any of the former, is as plentifull alfo to giue encreafe, but is mere 
 tender and lefleable to abide our fharpe cold Winters. 
 
 Glaiiolut flore rulcnte. Blulh Corne Flagge. 
 
 T his blufh kir.de is like vnto the French Corne Flagge in all refpedis , fauino onely 
 that the flowers are of a pale red colour, tending to whiteneffe, which wee ylually call 
 % blufh colour. 
 
 Gladielm fltre alto. White Corne Flagge. 
 
 This white Come Flagge alfo differeth not from thelaft,but onely thattherootes 
 are whiter on the outfidc, the leaues are greener, without any brownnelle or darknefte 
 as in the former, and the flowers dre fnow white. 
 
 Gladiolus furfur cue minor. The fmall purple Cornc Flagge. 
 
 This alfo differeth not from any of the former, but onely in the fmalnefle both of 
 leafe, ftalke, and flowers, which ftand all on the one fide , like vnto the French kinde 
 and of the fame colour : the roote of this kinde is netted more then any other. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 u 
 
 $ 
 
 They grow in France and Italy, the leaftin Spaine, and the Byzantine,- 
 as it is thought, about Conftantinople, being (asisfaid) firft fent from 
 thence. Iohn Tradefcante afTured mee, that hce faw many acres ofground 
 in Barbary fpread ouer with them. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 .1 1 . ;i v*jp 
 
 They all flower in Iune and Iuly, and the Byzantine latcft , as is faid be- 
 fore. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 It hath diuers names; for the Latines call it Gladiolus , of the forme of a 
 {word, which the leafe doth refemble. The Romanes Segetalis , becaufe it 
 groweth in the Corne fields. Some call it Kiilorialis rotunda, to put a difle* 
 rence between it,and the longa, which is a kinde of Garlicke. Plinie faith, 
 that Gladiolus is Cjpirus,bui to decide that controuerfie, and many others, 
 
 belongethtoanotherdifcourfe,thisbeing intended only for plealurc. Gcr- 
 
 tard miftaketh the French kinde for the Italian. 
 
 : || . •( ‘ ;}j" - . ' J ' 1 L' - : -4 •J W Vf *.<t 
 
 TheVertues. 
 
 - 7,r cr00 . tcbe,ng Eroded, and applyed with Frankinfenfe Cand often of 
 it fclfe without it)mtheraanner of a pultis or plaifter, is held of diuers to 
 be fiaguiar good todraw out Winters, thorncs, and broken bones out of 
 the flelh. Some take it to be cfFcdtuall to ftirre vp Venerie , butlfomewhat 
 doi ubt thereof : For Galen in his eighth Bookc of Simples, giueth vnto it a 
 drawing, digefting, and drying faculty. # 
 
 Chap. 
 
The (garden of p leaf ant Flowers. 1 9 1 
 
 1 qUJioltuNarlioHin/h.The French Come Flaggc. 2 GlaJiolm Ttaliew. The Italian Corne Fligge. t gUdielm •Bjtfntia*. Come Flagec of 
 Cdnflantinopk. 4 Palma Mjtfti mas.The great male handed Satyrion. 5 Orchu Htrmapbrodittca eaadi Jt.Tbt white Butrej-flir Orchis. 6 Orchil 
 *Mt!itias flue apt frra. The Bee flower or Bec.Orchis. 7 Dm Canium fire purpuranti. Dogges tOQth Viele: with a pale purplilJi flov.cr. S Dear 
 Qmuvh fltrealbi. Doggcs tooth Violet with a whits flawer., 
 
ipz 
 
 TbeQardenof plea/ant Flowers. 
 
 Cha*. XXIL 
 
 Orchis {sue Snijritsm. Bee flowers. 
 
 < ; - ; _ < M J a k ; ..,1 
 
 A lthough it is not my purpofe in this place, to giuea generali hiftory of all the 
 forrs of Orchides, Saty rions , and the reft of that kinde • yet becaufe many of 
 them are very pleafant to behold, and, if they be planted in a conuenienr place, 
 will abide feme time in Gardens, fo that there is much pleafure taken in them : Khali 
 intrude fome of them for curiofities fake, to make vp the profped of natures beautifull 
 variety, and only entreate of a few, leauing the reft to a more ample declaration . 
 
 t. Sdtyrium Bafilicism fine Films Chrijli mm. 
 
 The greater male handed Satyrion. 
 
 i < , i ■ ■’ . 4 » ■ . 
 
 This handed Satyrion hath for themoft part but three faire large greene leaues, 
 nearc vnto the ground, fpotted with fmall blackilh markes : from among which r ifeth 
 vp a ftalke, with fome fmaller leaues thereon , bearing at the toppe a buih or fpike of 
 flowers, thicke fet together, euery one whereof is made like a body, with the belly 
 broader belowe then abouc, where it hath fmall pecces adioyned vnto it ; the flower 
 is of a faire purple colour, fpotted with deeper purple fpots, and hauing fmall pecces 
 like homes hanging at the backes of the flowers, and a fmall leafe at the bottome of the 
 foote-ftalke of euery flower: the rootes are notround, likethe other Orchides, but 
 fomewhat long and flat, like a hand, with fmall diuifions belowe, hanging do wne like 
 the fingers of a hand, cut (hort off bytheknockles, two alwayes growing together 
 with fome fmall fibres or firings aboue the heads of thefe roores, at the bottome of 
 the ftalke- 
 
 2 . Sttyrium TSifilicum fuse Pilots Chrisli fsemiut. 
 
 Thef emale handed Satyrion. 
 
 ‘ , - > / 
 
 This female Satyrion hath longer and narrower leaues then the former, and fpotted 
 with more and greater fpots, compaffing the ftalke at the bottome like the other : this 
 beareth 1 ikewife a bulb offlowcrs,like vnto the other, but that each of thefe haue heads 
 like hoods, whereas the former haue none : in fome they are white with purple fpots 
 and in others of a reddifh purple, with deep or darke coloured fpots: the roots are alike’ 
 
 3. Orchis Hcrmsphrcditict ctndMi.’lhc white Butterflie Orchis. 
 
 Theroates ofthis kinde take part with both the forts of Orchis zad Sityrium , being 
 neither altogether round, nor fully handed, and thereupon it tooke the name, tofig- 
 nifie both kindes : the leaues are two in number, fcldome more, being faire and broad, 
 like vnto the leaues of Lillies, without any fpot at all in them: at the toppe ofthe 
 ftalke (land many white flowers, not fo thicke fet as the firft orfecond, euery one being 
 faihioned like vnto a white Butterflie, withthe wings fpread abroad. 
 
 4. Orchis Mchtim puapi/cra. The Bee flower or Bee Ordiis. 
 
 This is a fmall andlowe plant forthemoft parr, withthreeor foure fmall narrow 
 leaues at thebottome : the ftalke is feldome aboue halfe a foote high, with foure or fiuc 
 flowers thereon one aboue another, hauing round bodies, and fomewhat flat, of a kind 
 ofyellowilh colour, with purplewingsabouethem,folikevnto an honey Bee, that it 
 might foone decciue one that neuer had feene fuch a flower before : the roots are two 
 together, round and white, hauing a certaine mucciligintjfc or clammindfe within 
 them, without any tafte almoft at all, as all or the moft part of thefe kindes haue. 
 
 5 . Orchis sphegedes. Gnats Satyrion. 
 
 Jhelcaues ofthis Orchis are lomewhat larger then of the Bee flower, the ftalke alfo 
 
 fomewhat 
 
The garden of plea) 'ant Flowers» 
 
 
 fomewhat higher : the flowers are fewer on thetoppe, but fomewhat larger then of 
 the Bee flowers, made co the refcmblance ofa Gnat or great long Flie : the rootes are 
 two round bulbes, as the other are. 
 
 The Flie Orchis is like vnto the Lift deferibed , both in leafe and roote, the diffe- 
 rence is in the flower, which is neither fo long as the Gnat Satyrion, nor fo great as the 
 Bee Orchis, but the neather part of the Flie is blacke, with a lift of afh-colour crofting 
 thebacke, withafhewof legges hanging at it : the naturali Fliefeemcth fbtobee in 
 loue with it, that you fliallfeldome come in the heate of the day, but you Until finde 
 one fitting clofe thereon. 
 
 The Place. a 
 
 Thefe grow inmany places of England, fome in the Woods, as the But- 
 terflie,andthe two former handed Saryrions : others on dry bankes and 
 barren balkes in Kent, and many Other place*. 
 
 Their fcuerall names are expreffed in their titles, fo much as may fuffict 
 for this difeourfe. 
 
 flowers diftilled, as the rootes prepared. 
 
 The rootes boyled in red Wine, and afterwards dryed, are held to bee a 
 lingular good remedie againft the bloody Flixe. 
 
 V Ntothe kindcs of Orchides, may fitly be ioyned another plant, which by 
 many is reckoned to be a Satjriam , both from the forme of roote and leafe, 
 and from the efficacy or vertue corrcfpondent thereunto. And although it 
 cannot be the Satj/riwn Etytbranium of DioCcoiidcs, as fome would entitle it, for that 
 as I hauefhewedbefore,hisS4^n»»rn/<W#»t»is the Tulipa without all doubt ; yet 
 becaufe it differeth very notably , and carricth more beauty and refpcCt in his flower 
 then they, I (hall entreate thereof in a Chapter by it felfc, and fetit next vnto them. 
 
 The white Dogs tooth hath for his roote a white bulbe, long and fmall, yet vfually 
 greater then either ofthe other that follow, bigger belowethen aboue, withafmall 
 peeceadioyningtothebottomeof it, from whence rife Vp in the beginning of the 
 Spring , after the Winter frofts are part , two leaues for the mod part (when it will 
 flower, or elfebut one, and neuer three together that euer I faw) clofed together when 
 they firft come vp out of the ground, which inclofethe flower betweenc them : the 
 leaues when they are opened do lay themfelues flat on the ground, or not much aboue 
 it, one oppofite vnto the other, with the ftalke and the flower on it {landing betweene 
 them, which leaues arc of a whitifh greene colour, long and narrow, yet broader in the 
 
 6. Orchis Myedes. Flie Orchis. 
 
 ThcVertues, 
 
 All the kindes of Orchis ate accounted to procure bodily luft, as well the 
 
 Chap. XXIII. 
 
 Dens Caninus. Dogs tooth Violet. 
 
 DensCanimss flare alba. Dogs tooth Violet with a white flower. 
 
 ft 
 
 middle 
 
The (j Arden of vleajant Flowers. 
 
 middle then at; both ends, growing lefie by degrees each way,fpotted and itriped all 
 ouer the Igaues with whjte lines and fpots : the ftalke rifeth vp halfe a foote high or 
 more, bearing at the toppe one flower and no more, hanging downe the head, larger 
 then any of the other ofthiskinde that follow, made or confiding of fixwhitclong 
 and narrow leaues, turning themfelues vp againe, after it hath felt the comfort of the 
 Sunne, that they doe almoft touch the ftalke againe , very like vnto the flowers of Cy- 
 tlamen or Sowebread : it hath in thp middle of the flower fix white chiues , tipt with 
 darke purple pendents, and a white three forked ftile in the middle of them : the flower 
 hath no fenratall, but commendable onely for the beauty and forme thereof.-, after 
 the flower is paft, eommeth in fhe place a round head feeming three fquare, contai- 
 ning therein fmallandycllqwiihfeedc. 
 
 Dens Ctnirtm flore parpurafeente. Dogs tooth with a pale purple flower. 
 
 This other Dogs tooth is like vnto the former, but leflerin all parts, the lcafe 
 whereofis not fo long, but broad and (hort, fpottedwirh darker lines and fpots : the 
 flower is like the other, but fmaller, and ofa delayed purple colour, very palefome- 
 times, and fometimes a little deeper, turning it felfeas the other, with a circle round 
 about the vmbonc or middle, the chiues hereofare not white,but declining to purple: 
 the roote is white,and like vnto the former, but lefler,as is faid before. 
 
 Dens Ctninw flore rnbro. Dogs tooth with a red flower. 
 
 This is in all things like vnto the laft, both for forme and bignefle of flower and 
 Jeafe : the chiefe difference confifteth in this , thatthe leaues hereof are ofa yellowifh 
 mealy greene colour, fpottedand ftreakedwith redder fpots and ftripes, and the 
 flower of a deeper reddiffi purple colour, and the chiues alfo more purplifh rhea the 
 laft, in all other things it is alike. 
 
 . ;o- The Place. 
 
 The forts of Dens Caninus doe growe indiuers places ; fo!he in Italy on 
 the Euganean Hils,othetsonthe Apenine,and fome about Gratz,the chiefe 
 Citle of Stiria, and alfo about Bay onne,and in other places. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 They flower in March raoftvfually, and many times in Aprill, accor- 
 ding to the fcafonableneffe of the y care. 
 
 ThcNames. 
 
 Clufius did call it firft Dentali, and Lebel, and from him fome others Sa- 
 tyrtum, and Erytbronium , but I haue faid enough hereof in the beginning of 
 the Chapter. It is moft commonly called Dens Caninus, and we m En®lifti 
 either Dogs tooth, or Dogs tooth Violet. Gefner called it HermotUftylm, 
 and Matthiolas fjenitbermeialiylin. 
 
 TheVertues. 
 
 The roote hereof is held to bee of more efficacy for vencreousefie&s 
 then any of the Orchides and Satyrions. 
 
 They of Stiria vfe the rootes forthe falling ficknefle. 
 
 Wee hauehad from Virginia a roote fent vnto vs, thatwee might Well 
 Judge, by the forme and colour thereof being dry, to be either the roote of 
 this, or of an Orchis, which the naturali people hold not onely to be lingu- 
 lar to procure lull, but hold it as a fccret, loth to reueale it. 
 
 C Ha t. 
 
The Lfarcien of pleafanl flowers, 
 
 Chap. XXIIH. 
 
 Cyclamen. Sowebread. 
 
 T He Iikenefle of the flowers, and the fpotting of the leaues of the Bens Canium, 
 with thefe of the Cyclamen or Sowebread , inaketh mcc ioyne it next there- 
 unto : as alfo that after the bulbous rooted plants I might begin with the tube- 
 rous that remaine, and make this plant the beginning of them. Oftniskinde there are 
 diucrs forts, differing both in forme of leaues and time of flowring: for fomedoe 
 
 flower in theSpringoftheyeare, others afterwards in the beginning of Summer : but 
 
 the mod number in the end of Summer,or beginning of Autumne or Harueft whereof 
 fomehaue round leaues, others cornered like vntoluie. longer or (hotter, greater or 
 fmaller. Of them all in order, and firft of thofe that come in the Spring. 
 
 i. CycUmtn Vernum flore purpuree. Purple flowred Sowebread ofthe Spring. 
 
 This Sowebread hath a fmaller roote then moft of the others, yet round andblac- 
 kilh on the outfide, as all or molt of the reft are Cl fpeake of them that I haue feene • for 
 Clufiusand others doc report to haue had very great ones) from whence rifevpdi- 
 uers round, yet pointed leaues, and fomcwhat cornered withall , grceneaboue, and 
 fpotted with white fpots circle wife about the lcafe,and reddifh vnderneath, which at 
 their firft comming vp are folded together ; among which come the flowers, of a red- 
 diih purple colour and very fweete, euery one vpon a fmall, long, and (lender rcddifli 
 footc-ftalkc, which hanging downe their heads, turne vp their leaues againe : after the 
 flowers are paft, theheadorfeede velfell (hrinketh downe , winding his fooreftalkc 
 and coyling it felfe like a cable, which when it toucheth the ground, there abideth hid 
 • among the leaues, till it be growne great and ripe, wherein are contained a few fmall 
 round feedes, which being prefently fowne, will gro we firft into round rootes, and af- 
 terwards from them (hootc forth leaues. 
 
 2 . Cyclamen Vernum flere albt. White flowred Sowebread of the Spring. 
 
 f 
 
 The white flowring Sowebread hath his leaues like the former, but not fully fo 
 much cornered, bearing fmall (now white flowers, as fweete as the other ; and herein 
 confifteth the chiefcft difference, in all other things it is alike. 
 
 3. Cyclamen Vernam Creticum flere albe. White Candy Sowebread of the Spring. 
 
 This Sowebread is fomewhat like the former white kinde, but that the leaues grow 
 much larger and longer, with more corners at the edges , and more eminent fpots on 
 them: theflowersalfofomcwhatlongerandlarger, and herein confifteth thcwhole 
 difference. 
 
 4 . Cyclamen v£flivum. Summer Sowebread. 
 
 Summer Sowebread hath round leaues like vnto the Romane Sowebrcad,but fomc- 
 what cornered, yet with fhorter corners then the Iuie leafed Sowebread, full of white 
 fpots on the vpperfide of the leaues, and very purple vnderneath, fometimes they haue 
 fewer fpots , and little or no purple vnderneath : the flowers hereof areas fmall , as 
 purple, and as fweete, as the purple Sowebread of the Springtime: the roote hereof 
 is likewife fmall, blacke, and round. 
 
 5 . Cyclamen Romanum retundi felium. Romane Sowebread with round leaues. 
 
 The Romane Sowebread hath round leaues , fomewhat like vnto the common 
 Sowebread, but not fully fo round pointedatthc ends, alittle cornered fometimes 
 alfo, or as it were indented, with whitefpots round about the middle ofthe leaues, 
 
 R a Mid 
 
1 96 
 
 'J be (jar den of ple a! ant blowers. 
 
 and very confpicuous, which make it iecinetheanore beautifull : the flowers appeare 
 in Autumne, and arc (horter , and of a deeper purplifh red colour then the Iuie Sowe- 
 bread, riling vp before the leaucs for the mod part, or at lead with them, and little or 
 nothing fweete : the roote is round and blacke , vfually not fo flat as it, but growing 
 fometimes to bee greater then any other kinde of Sowebread. There is fometimes 
 fomc variety to be feene , both in the leaues and flowers of this kinde ; for that fome- 
 time the leaues haue more corners , and either more or Idle fpottedwith white: the 
 ViMm. flowers like wife of fome are larger or lefler, longer or rounder, paler or deeper colou- 
 
 red one then another. This happeneth mod likely from the fowingofthefeede,cau- 
 iing the like variety as is feene in the luie leafed Sowebread. It doth alfo many times 
 happen from the diuerfity of foyles and countries where they grow : the feed of this, 
 as of all the red, is fmall and round, contained in fuch like heads as the former, dan- 
 ding almodlike the head of a Snakethat is twined or folded within thebody thereof. 
 Thisand the other Autumnali kmdes, prefently after their flowing in Autumne, fttoote 
 forth leaues, andfo abide all the Winter, according to their kinde. 
 
 6. Cyclamen fdio hedera autumnale. Iuie leafed Sowebread. 
 
 The Iuie leafed Sowebread groweth in thefame manner that the former doth, that 
 Is, bringeth forth flowers with the leaues lometimes, or mod commonly beforethem, 
 whofe flowers are greater then the common round leafed Sowebread, fomewhac 
 longer then the former Romane or Italian Sowebreads , and of a paler purple colour, 
 almofl blufh, without that fweete fent as is in the fil'd kinde of the Spring : the greene 
 leaues hereof arc more long then round, pointed at the ends, and hauing alfo one or 
 two corners on each fide, fometimes much fpotted on the vpperfide with white fpots 
 and marks, and fometimes bur a little or not at all ; and fo like wife fometimes more or 
 Idle purple vnderncath: all the leaues and flowers doe dand vfually euery one feue- 
 rally by themfclues , vpon their ownc (lender foote-dalkes, as mod of all the other 
 VmiM. kindes doerbut fometimes it, happeneth, that both leaues and flowers are found grow- 
 
 ing from one and the fame ftalke, which I rather take to be accidentali, then naturali fo 
 to continue : the feede hereof is like the former kindes, which being fowne producerh 
 variety, both in the forme of the leaues, and colour and fmell of the flowers: feme be- 
 ing paler or deeper, and fome more or lefle fweete then others : the leaues alfo, fome 
 more or lefle cornered then others: the root groweth to be great,being round and flat, 
 and of ablackifh browne colour on the outfide. 
 
 •y .Cyclamen autumnale hcicrafolio flore alb o. 
 
 Iuie leafed Sowebread with white flowers. 
 
 There is one of this kinde, whofe leaues are rounder , and not fo much cornered as 
 the former, flowring in Autumne as the lad doth, and whofe flowers arc wholly 
 white, not hauing any other notable^Iifference therein. 
 
 8. Cyclamen tutumnde anguJUfolium. Long leafed Sowebread. 
 
 This kinde of Sowebread may cafily be knoWnc from all the other kindes, becaufe 
 his leafe is longer and narrower then others, fafhioned at the bottome thereof with, 
 points, fomewhatlike vnto ^Arum or Wake Robin leaues: the flowers are like the 
 former forts, for forme, but of a purple colour. There is alfo another of this kinde in 
 *11 things like the former, but that the flowers are white. 
 
 p . Cyclamen Antiochenum Autumnale flore purpureo duplici . 
 
 Double flowred Sowebread of Antioch. 
 
 This Sowebread of Antioch with double flowers,hath his leaues fomewhat round, 
 like vnto the leaues ofthe Summer Sowbread ,but with lefle notches or comers, & full 
 of white fpots on them: it beateth flowers on flalks, like vnto others, & likewife fome 
 ftalks that haue t wo or three flowers on them,which are very large,with ten or twelue 
 
 leaues 
 
The (jar dm of pleaf ant Flowers. 
 
 107 
 
 t rtrf«M»v*f™i«»«*r-Aio(™««Purpkfl')wr((JSowcbrcidoftScSpriBg. 1 ty.W* 4 /m«w.SummerSowcbrfaJ. 1 Folium Cjel.mtr.u [retiti.ir* 
 
 Thcd»ubl«aowrelSQ\vtktf>iof Aalwsh, 3 1,ik f b 
 
 E 3 
 
ipg 7* he (jar den of pleafant Flowers. 
 
 leaues a pecce, of a faire Peach colour, like vnto the flowers of purple Sowebread of 
 the Spring, and deeper at the bottorae. 
 
 There are ofthis kindc fame, whofe flowers appeare in the Spring, and are as large 
 and double as the former, but of a pure whitecolour. 
 
 There are of thcfe Sowebreads of Antioch, that haue but Angle flowers , fome ap- 
 pearing in the Spring, and others in Autumne. 
 
 \o.CjtUmtn vnlgtrtfilk retunit. The common Sowebread. 
 
 The common Sowebread (which is moft vfed in the Apothecaries Shops) hath 
 "many leaues fpread vpon the ground , rifing from certaine fmall long heads , that are 
 on the greater round rootes, as vfuallymeft ofthe former forts doe, being in thelike 
 manner folded together, and after fpread themfelues into round greene leaues , fome- 
 What like vnto the leaues of but not fhining, without any white fpotson the 
 
 Vpperfidcfor the moft part, or but rery feldome, and reddifh or purplifh vnderneath 
 and very feldome greener \ the flowers ftand vpon fmall foot-ftalkes, and (he w them- 
 felues open for the moft part, before any leaues doe appeare, being fmaller and fhorter 
 then thofe with Iuie leaues, and of a pale purple colour, yet fometimes deeper, hang- 
 ing dawnc their heads, and turning vp their leaues againe, as all others doe, but more 
 fweetethen many other ofthe Autumneflowers : after the flowers are pail, come the 
 heads turning or winding themfelues downe in like manner as the other do, hauing 
 fuch like feede,but fomewhat larger , and more vneuen, or not fo round at the leaft : 
 the rootc is round, and not flat, of a browner colour, and not fo blacke on the outfidc 
 as many ofthe others. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 The Sowebreads ofthe Spring doe both grow on the Pyrenean Moun- 
 taines in Italy, and in Candy, and about Mom pelier in France ; Antioch in 
 Syria alfo hath yeeldedfome both ofthe Spring and Autumne. Thofe 
 with round and Iuie leaues grow in diuers places both bf France and Italy : 
 and the common in Germany, and the Lowe-Countries. But that Autumne 
 Sowebread with white flowers, is reported to grow in the Kingdome of 
 Naples. I haue very curioufly enquired of many , if euer they found them 
 in any parts of England, neare or farther off from the places where they 
 dwell: but they haue all affirmed, that they neuer found, or euer heard of 
 any that haue found of any of them. Thisonely they haueaffured, that 
 there groweth none in the places, where fome haue reported them to grow. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 Thofe of the Spring doe flower about the end of Aprill ,' or beginning 
 bfMay. TheothcroftheSummer, about the end of Iuneorinluly. The 
 reft fome in Auguft, and September, others in O&ober. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 y\ 
 
 The Common Sowebread is called by moft Writers in Latine,' TtnU 
 >«■«»«*, and by thatnameitisknowneinthe Apothecaries fhops, as alfo 
 bythenam cArtbtwu, according to which name, they hauean ointment 
 fo called, which is to be made with the iuice hereof. It is alfo called by di- 
 uers other names , not pertinent for this difeaurfe. The moft vfuall name 
 whereby itisknewneto moft Hcrbarifts, is Cjclamcn (which is the Greeke 
 word) or as fome call it CycUmium , adding thereunto their other fcucrall 
 titles. In Englifh, Sowebread. 
 
 The Vertucs. 
 
 The leaues and rootes arevery effe&uall for thefpleene, as the Oint» 
 bent before reme mbted plainly proueth, being vfed for the lame purpofe, 
 
 and 
 
T he (garden of plea) ant Flowers* 
 
 and that to good effect. It is vfed alfo for women in long and hard trauels 
 where there is danger, to accelerate the birth, either the roote or the lcafe 
 being applyed. Butfor any amorous effedfs, I hold it meerc fabulous. 
 
 Chaf.XXV. 
 
 Anemone. Windeflowerand his kindes. 
 
 T He next tuberous rooted plants that are to follow (of right in my opinion) are 
 the Anemones or Windeflowtrs , and although fome tuberous rooted plants, 
 that is, the Afphodils, SpiderwortSjand Flowerdcluces haue beene before in- 
 ferred, it was , both becaufe they were in name or forme of flowers futableto them 
 whom they were ioyned vnto, and alfo that they fhould not be feuered and entreated 
 efin two feuerall places : the reft are nowto follow , at the leaft fo many of them as 
 be beautifull flowers, fit to furnifti a Florifts Garden, for natures delightfome varieties 
 and excellencies. T o diftinguilh the Family of Anemones I may, that is, into the wilde 
 kindes, and into the tame or mannured, as they are called , and both of themnourfed 
 vp in Gardens; and of them into thofe that haue broader leaues, and into thofc that 
 hauethinner or more iagged leaues : and of each ofthem, into thofc that beare fingle 
 flowers, and thofe that beare double flowers. Buttodefcribc the infinite (as I may fo 
 fay) variety of the colours of the flowers, and to giuetoeach histruediftin&ion and 
 denomination, Hie labor, hoe open eft, it farre palfcth my ability I confefTc , and I thinke 
 would graucll the belt experienced this day in Europe (and the likellaid concerning; 
 T ulipas, it being as contingent to this plant, as is before faid of the Tulipa, to be with- 
 out endinyecldingvarieties:)forwhocanfecall thevarieties that haue fprung from 
 the fowing ofthe feede in all places, feeing the variety of colours rifen from thence, is 
 according to the variety ofay res & g toun ds wherein they are fo wne, skill alfo helping 
 nature in ordering them aright. Forthefeedeof one and the fame plantfoWr.ein di- 
 uers ayres and grounds, doe produce that variety of colours that is much differing one 
 from another ; who then can difplay all the mixtures of colours in them , to fet them 
 do wne in fo fmall a roorae as this Book < Y et as I haue done (in the former part of this 
 Treatife) my good will, toexprefTe as many of eachkinde haue cometo my know- 
 ledge, fo if I endeauour the like in this, I hope the courteous wil accept it,and hold me 
 excufed for the reft: otherwife,ifI were or could bcabfolute,I fliould take from my felf 
 and others the hope of future augmentation, or addition of any new, which neuer will 
 be wanting.To begin therefore with the wilde kinds (as they are fo accounted) I fliall 
 firftentreate ofthe Pnlfatillas or Pafque flowers, which are certainly kindes of wilde 
 Anemone sftsoth in leafe and flower, as may well be difeerned by them that are Judici- 
 ous (although fome learned men hauenotfo thought, as appeareth by their writings) 
 the rootes of them making one fpeciall note of difference, from the other forts of 
 wilde Anemones. 
 
 i. ValfitlUi Anglico purpurea. The purple Pafque flower. 
 
 ThePafque or Paffe flower which is of our owne Country, hath many leaues lying 
 on the ground, fomewhat rough or hairie, hard in feeling, and finely cut into many 
 lmallleaues,ofadarkegrecnecolour,almoftlikethe leaues of Carrets, but finer and 
 fmaller, from among which rife vp naked ftalkes, rough or hairie alfo, fet aboutthc 
 middle thereof with fome fmall diuided leaues compaffing them, and riling aboue 
 thefe leaues about a fpanne, bearing euery one of them one pendulous flower, made of 
 fix leaues, ofa fine Violet purple colour, but fomewhat deepewithall, in the middle 
 whereof ftand many yellow threcds, fet about a middle purple pointell : after the 
 flower is paft, there commethvp in the ftead thereof a bufliie head of long feedes, 
 which are fmall and hoarie, hauingat the end of euery one a fmall haire, which is gray 
 like wife: the roote is fmall and long, growing downewards into the ground, with a 
 tuft of haire at the head thereof, and not lying or running vnder the vpper cruft there- 
 of, as the other wilde Anemones doe. 
 
 a 'fulfc 
 
zoo 
 
 The (far den of plea/ ant Flowers. 
 
 i . PulfttiU t Demet. The Pafle (lower of Denmarke. 
 
 There is another that was brought out of Denmarke, very like vnto the former, but 
 that it is larger both in roote and leafe, and flower alfo, which is of a fairer purple co- 
 lour, not fo deepe , andbcfides, will better abide to bee mannured then our Hnglifh 
 kinde will, as my felfe haue often proued. 
 
 vmftutftn ofboththele forts it is faid, that fotne plants haue bin found, that haue borne white 
 flowers. And likewife one that bore double flowers, that is, with t wo ro wes ofleaues, 
 
 3. PulfttiBi flere rubro. The red Pafle flower. 
 
 Lobel, as I take it, did firfl fet forth this kinde, being brought him from Syria the 
 leaues whereof are finer cut, the flower fmaller, and with longer leaues, andofared 
 colour. 
 
 ^ 4. PulfatiB '» fltre lutet. The yellow Pafle flower. 
 
 The yellow Pafle flower hath his leaues cut anddiuided, very likevntotheleaues 
 ofthefirft kinde, but (bmewhat more hairie, grccne on the vpperfide, and hairie vn- 
 derneath : the ftalkeis round and hoary, the middle whereof is befer with fomc fmall 
 leaues, as in the other, from among which rifeth vp the (hike of the flower, confiftinr 
 of fix leaues of a very faireyellow colour on the infide , and of a hoary pale yellow on 
 rhe outfide ; afrer which followeth fuch an head ofhairie thrummes as in the former • 
 the roote is of the bignefle of a mans finger. 
 
 J .Pul/ttiSi flere ulie. The white Pafle flower. 
 
 The whitePaffe flower (which Clufius maketh a kindeofyf»e«r#»e, andyetashec 
 faith himfelfe, doth more nearely refemble the PulfttiUt) hath, from amongft a tuft or 
 head of haires, which grow at the toppe of a long blacke roote, many leaues (landing 
 vpon long ftalkes , which are diuided as it were into three wings or parts and each 
 part finely cut anddiuided, like vnta the Pafle flower of Denmarke , butfomewhat 
 harder in handling, greenifh on the vpperfide , and foraewhat gray vnderneath and 
 very hairie all ouer : among thefe leaues rife vp the ftalkes, befet at the middle of them 
 With three leaues, as finely cut and diuided as thofc belowc,from aboue which ftanderh 
 the flower, being fmaller, and not fo pendulous as the former , but in the like manner 
 confiding of fix leaues, of a fnow white Colour on the infide, and a little browner on 
 the outfide, with many yellow thrums in the middle : after the flower is pad, rifeth vp 
 fuch a like hoary head, compofed as it Were of many haires, each whereof hath a fmall 
 feede faftened vnto it, like as the former Pafle flowers haue. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 Thefirftis found in many places of England, vpon dry bankes that lye 
 opentotheSunne. 1 
 
 The fecond was firft brought, as I take it, by Dodor Lobel from Den- 
 marke, & is one of the two kinds, that Clufius faith are common in Germa- 
 nic, this bearing a paler purple flower, and more early then the other, which 
 is the fame with our Englifli, whofe flower is fodarke, that icalmoft fee- 
 meth blacke. 
 
 Thercd kinde, as Lobel faith, came from Syria. 
 
 Theyellow Pafle flower, which Clufius maketh his third w MtAntmtnt 
 was found very plentifully growing at the foote of St.Bernards Hill neare 
 vnto the Cantons of the Switzers. * 
 
 The whi te one groweth on the Alpes neare Aufttia, in France likewife 
 *nd otherplaces. * 
 
 The 
 
The (garden of pie a), ant Flowers, 
 
 2CI 
 
 1 PMlfitilUpMrpwesnvBftlttifiMintffrradiee.Thc purple Pafque flower with lcafc, feed ,iad root. * PulfitilU Inteojltrt.Thc yellow Pafqticfi wo', 
 ? Red Pifqueflower of Lobel. 4 TulratilldruhdSvertu S wertz his red Pafque flower. 1 PufatMflorddlh, White 
 
 Pafqtte flower. 6 ^t*manefltiufrMdll*MdttbioliXhcvrilAc white broad leafed Wiadflower. ^ Anemone filmejhmtenutfolid alba. The wddefinsls 
 white Windflower * Anemone Sluejir» tentifolid Uuod.Thc yellow Wilde chi n leafed Windflower. 9 A nemona 'fibteftm tr tjolid D tdonei Fhr t«ree- 
 leafedwilde Windflower. 10 Anemono /ituefiru floro pUno albo. The double white wilde Windflower, n Anemone f Ue fir ufloreplenf uurputee. Tlje 
 doqblepHrpU wild* Wiadflowcr. ♦ Sjaa*»F^r*iim iiwlfifrjjhx feed fegafttoj. f %* 4 innnrfoUo inferior*. The roots 4 lower kafe. 
 
202 
 
 ( li>e Cjar den of pie a f ant Flowers. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 All of them doe flower early in the yeare , that is, in thebeginning of A- 
 prill, about which time moil commonly Eafter doth fall. 
 
 TheNames. 
 
 Their proper names arc giuen to each in their fenerall titles, being all of 
 themkindesofvvilde Ancmor.es, aslfaidin thebeginning of the Chapter, 
 and fo for the moft part all Authors doe acknowledge them. We call them 
 tnEngli(h,bccaufethey floweraboutEafter,Pafquc flower, whichis the 
 French name for Eafter, or Enphoniagratia, Pafle flower, which may paffe 
 currant, without any further deleant on the name, or elfe M/at ilia, if you 
 will, being growne old by cuftome. 
 
 TheVertues. 
 
 The fharpe biting and exulcerating quality of this plant, caufeth it to be 
 of little vfe,notwithftanding Ioachimus Camerarius faith in his hortus Me- 
 dicus . , that in Boruflia, which is a place in Italy, as I take it, the diftilled wa- 
 ter hereof is vfed with good fucceffe, to be giuen to them that are troubled 
 with a Tertian Ague ; for he faith that it is medicamentum that is, a 
 
 medicine of force to helpeobftrudtions. 
 
 ^Anemone [tluejlris latifolia alta fine tertia Matthioli , 
 
 The w hite wilde broad leafed Windflower. 
 
 This Windflower hath diuers broad greeneleaues, cut into diuifions, and dented 
 about, very like vnto a broad leafed Crowfoote, among which rifeth vp a (hike , ha- 
 iling fome fuch like cut leaucs in the middle thereof, as growebclow, but fmaller ; on 
 the toppe whereof ftandeth one large white flower, confiding of Sue leaues for the 
 moft part, with fome yellow threads in the middle, (landing about fuch a greene head 
 as is in the fame or garden -Anemones y which growing greater after the flower is paft, 
 is compofedofmanyfmallfeedes, wrapped in white wooll, which as foone as they 
 are ripe, raifethemfeluesvp from the bottome of the head, and flye away with the 
 windr, as the other tame orgarden kindes doe : the roote is made of a number of long 
 blacke firings, encreafing very much by running vnderground, and (hooting vp in di- 
 uers places. 
 
 Anemone flueilru tenuifelia lutea. The yellow wilde thin leafed Windflower. 
 
 The yellow wilde Anemone rifeth vp with one or two fmall round naked ftalkes, 
 bearing about the middle of them, fmall, foft, and tender iagged leaues, deeply cur in 
 and indented on the edges about, from aboue which doth grow theftalke, bearing 
 fmall yellow flowers, (landing vpon weakc foote- ftalkes, like vnt 5 a fmall Crowfoot, 
 with fome threads in the middle : the roote is long and fmall, fomewhat like vnto the 
 roote of Pollipodie, creeping vnderthe vpper cruft of the earth : this kinde is lower, 
 and fpringeth fomewhat earlier then the other wilde kindes that follow. 
 
 Anemone filueftris tenuifelia alba fimplex. 
 
 Thefingle whitethin leafed wilde Windflower. 
 
 This white wilde Anemone rifeth vp with diuers leaues vpon feuerall long ftalkes } 
 which are fomewhat like vnto the former, but that they arefomewhat harder, and not 
 folong, nor the diuifions of the leaues fo finely fnipt about the edges, but a link 
 broader, and deeper cut in on eueryfide: the flowers hereof are larger and broader 
 then the former, white on the infide, and a little purplilh on the outfidc,efpecially at 
 
 the 
 
The Cjardcn of pk a f ant Flowers. 203 
 
 thebottomeof the flower next vnto the ftalke : the rootc of this is very like vnto the 
 laft. 
 
 There is another of this kinde, whofe flowers are purple, in all other things it is like p*c P wm. 
 vnto the white. 
 
 And likewife another, with a blufli or carnation coloured flower. coccina fan 
 
 There is one that is oncly nurfcd vp with vs in Gardens, that is fomewhat like vnto / '‘‘"' 5r “ te * * 
 thefe former wilde Anemones in roote and leafe, but that the flower of this, being pure 
 white within, and a little purplifh without, confifting of eight or nine fmall round 
 pointed leaues , hathfometimesfomcleaues vnder the flower, party coloured white 
 andgreene s the flower hath likewife a greene head, like a Strawberry , compafTeda- 
 bour with white threads, tipt with yellow pendents. 
 
 Andanotherof thefarne kinde with the laft, whofe flower confiding of eight igPereplmvid. 
 nine leaues, is ofagreenilh colour, except the foure outermdft leaues, which are a lit- ' , ' 1 ' 
 tie purplilh, and diuided at the points into three parts • the middle part is of a greenilh 
 white colour, with a greene head in the middle as the other* 
 
 Anemone fdneftris trifolU Dodomei. The three leafed wilde Windflower. 
 
 This wilde Anemone hath his rootes very like vnto the former kindes ; the leaues are 
 alwaies three fet together at thetoppe of (lender ftalkes, being fmall and indented a- 
 bout, very like vnto a three leafed Grade, but fmaller: the flower confifteth of eight 
 fmall leaues, fomewbat like vnto a Cro wfoote,but of a whitilh purple or blulh colour 
 with fome white threads, and a greene rough head in the middle. 
 
 Anemone ftlaejlru flore pleno tilt. The double white wilde Windflower. 
 
 This double kinde is very like vnto the Angle white kinde before deferibed , both 
 in his long running rootes, and thin leaues , but fome what larger : the flowers hereof 
 are very thicke and double, although they be fmall, and of a faint fweetefent, very- 
 white after it is full blowneforfiue or fix daycs,but afterwards it becemmeth a little 
 purplilh on the infide, butmore onthe outfide : this neuer giueth feede (although ic 
 haue a fmall head in the middle) like as many other double flowers doe. 
 
 Anemone [ilaepis flere pleno purpureo. The double purple wilde Windflower. 
 
 This double purple kinde hath fuch likeiagged leaues as the laft deferibed hath, but 
 more hoarie vnderneath : the flower is of a fine light purple toward the points of the 
 leaues, the bottomes beingof a deeper purple , butas thicke, and fullofleauesasrhe 
 former, with a greene head in the middle, like vnto the former : this kinde hath fmall 
 greene leaues on the ftalkes vnder the flowers, cut and diuided like the lower leaues. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 The firft broad leafed Anemone groweth in diuers places of Auftriaand 
 Hungary. The yellow in diuers woods in Germany, bur not in this Coun- 
 trey that euer I could lcarne. Thcether Angle wilde kindes, fome of them 
 are very frequent throughout the moft places of England, in Woods 
 Groues, and Orchards. The double kindes were found, as Clufius faith in 
 the Lowe-Countries, in a Wood ncarc Louaine. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 They flower from the end of March (that is the earlieft) and the begin- 
 ning of Aprill, vntill May, and the double kindes begin within a while after 
 the fingle kinds are paft. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 They are called Rtnmtnli filntrum, and Rtmmeuli nemorum , andasCIu- 
 
 fiu$ 
 
c f he (jar den of pleajant Flowers. 
 
 fius would haue them, Lesmonia of Theophraftus ;they are generally called 
 ofmoft Hcrbarifts Anemones filne sires, Wilde Anemones or Windflowers. 
 The Italians call them Gengeuo falnatico, that is, Wilde Ginger, becaufe the 
 rootes are, befides the forme, being foinewhat like fmall Ginger, of a bi- 
 ting "hot and fharpe tafte. 
 
 ^Anemone Lafltanica fine hortenfis lat folia flore fimplici lutet. 
 
 The Angle Garden yellow Windflower or Anemone, 
 
 This Angle yellow Anemone or Windflower hath diuers broad round leaues, fome- 
 whatdiuided and endented withall on the edges, brownilh at the firft riflng vp out of 
 the ground, andalmoft folded together , and after of a fad greene on the vpperAde, 
 and rcddi(hvnderneath;among which rife vp fmall (lender flalkes, befet at the mid- 
 dle ofthem withtwo or three leaues, more cut anddiuided thenthofebelowe, with 
 fmall yellow flowers at the toppe of them , confiding of ten or tweluc leaues a peece, 
 hauing a few yellow threads in the middle of them , ftanding about a fmall greene 
 head, which in time growing ripe hath fmall flat feede, inclofed within a foftwooll 
 or downe , which is eafily blowne away with the windc : the roote groweth downe- 
 ward into the ground, diuerfly f pread with branches here and there, of a brownifh yel- 
 low on the outfide,and whitifh within, fo brittle, that it can hardly bee touched with- 
 out breaking. 
 
 Anemone Utlfoli* flore luteo duplici. The double yellow Anemone or Windflower. 
 
 This double yellow Anemone hath fuch broad round leaues as the Angle kindc 
 hath, butfomewhat larger or ranker : the ftalkes are befet with larger leaues, more 
 deeply cut in on theedges : the flowers are of a more pale yellow, with fomc purpliflj 
 veines on the outfide, and a little round pointed ; but they are allontheinfideof a 
 fairc yellow colour, confiftihgoftworowes of leaues, whereof theinnermofl is the 
 narrower, with afmall greene head in the middle , compafTed with yellow threads as 
 in the former : the roote is like the roote of the Angle ; neither of thefe haue any good 
 fent, and this fpringeth vp an d flowreth later then the Angle kinde. 
 
 > The firfl leaues ofthis purple Anemone, which alwayes fpring vp before Winter,’ 
 (ifthe roote be not kept too long out of theground,) arefomewhat like the leaucsof 
 Sanicle or Sclfc- hcale , but the reft that follow arc more deeply cut in and ragged -a- 
 mong which rife vp d iuers round ftalkes, befet with iagged leaues as all other Anemo- 
 nesarc,aboue which leaues, the ftalkes riftngtwo or three inches high, beare one 
 flower a peece, com pofed of twclue leaues or more, narrow and pointed, of a bleake 
 
 S iurple or whitifh afh-colour , fomewhat Alining on the outfide, and of a fine purple co- 
 _our tending to a murrey on the infide, with many blackifh blew threads or thrummes 
 inthemiddleoftheflower, fet about a head, whereon groweth the feede, whichis 
 fmall and blacke,inclofedinfoft wooll or downe, which flieth away with the winde, 
 carrying the feede with it , if it be not carefully gathered : the roote is blackifh on the 
 outfide, and white within, tuberous or knobby, with many fibres growing at it. 
 
 Anemone purpurea Stellata altera. Another purple Starre Anemone. 
 
 Thereis fo great diuerfity in thecolours of the flowers of thefe broad leafed kinds of 
 Anemones or Windflowers, that they can very hardly be expreffed, although in their 
 leaues there is but little or no difference. I (hall not neede therefore to makefeuerall 
 deferiptions of euery one that fliall be fet downe ; but it will be fuffieient, I thinke, to 
 giue you the diftin&ions ofthe flowers : for as I faid , therein is the greareft and chie- 
 feft difference. This other Starre Anemone differeth not from the formerinleafeor 
 flower, but onely that rhis is of a more pale fullen colour on the outfide, and of a paler 
 
 Anemone latifolia purpurea JlcUata flue papaver acet' 
 The purple Starre Anemone or Windflower. 
 
 purple colour on the infide. 
 
 There 
 
The Ljardenof plea/ant Flowers, 20 * 
 
 1 ^Anemone latifolia flortluttt fimplifi, Thefirigic yellow Anemone 1 ^Anemone latifolia fore luteo duplici. The double yellow A n<.*nonC. J ^h< 
 tnoae latifolia flore purpureo Stellate. The purple Starrc Anemone. 4 ^Anemone latifolia purpuiea dilutior. The pale parple Starrc Anemone. 5 *Anc* 
 m»ne latifolia (lore rain: ate diluto. The pale red Anemone, t ^Anemvno latifolia coccinea Cardinaludiffa.Thc Cardinali A'nemone. 7 ^Anemone lati . 
 filia incarnata Hifpanica. The Spanifh incarnate A nctnoae. f Anemone latifolia Pauo fimple* diifa. Thelefler Orange tawney Auemone. } *An«- 
 toon latifolia dor * <-4rOJ«.Tlic carnation Anemone. 10 Anemone latifolia Arantiaca fine Pan» maior.The doable Orengetawncy Anemone. H «>#• 
 ncm*ne Super it na fiuo Cyparifsia. The double Anemone of Cyprus. 1 2 ^Anemone latifolia fit r t pleno albicante. The double pale blufti Anemone» 
 I } Anemone (fbalcedomca maxima. The great Spanifh Marigold AflCmonc. *4 Anemone (f aoummi fimFtrfica , 'J'hc double Ptrflan Aoemoar 
 t famt/w Utifali 4 ro&x. T ns roete of a grqat A *£ moot» 
 
The (jar den of plea/ant Hovers. 
 
 ri»Uf«r}m* There is another, whole flower hath eight leaues, as many of themrhat 
 follow haue(although diuers forts haue but fix leaues in a flower) and is of 
 a Violet purple, and therefore is called, The Violet purple Anemone. 
 VarUtm. Ofali chde three forts laft deferibed, there be other that differ only in ha- 
 
 iling white bottomes, fomefmallerand fome larger. 
 
 Purpurea firi- There is alfo another of the fame Violet purple colour with the former, 
 
 «*■ but a little paler, fending more to redneife, whofe flowers haue many 
 
 white lines and ftripes through the leaues, and is called, The purple ffrip; 
 Anemone. 
 
 ctrnta viva- There is another, whofe greene leaues are fomewhat larger, and fo is the 
 
 < tfsimapBilex . flower likewife, confiding of eight leaues, and fometimes of more, of the 
 colour of Carnation filke , fometimes pale and foinetimes deeper , with a 
 whitilh circle about the bottomeof the leaues, which circle in fome is 
 larger, and more to be feenc then in others, when the flower layeth it felfe 
 open with the heateoftheSunne, hauing blewifh threads in the middle. 
 This may be called, the Carnation Anemone. 
 
 PtrfenUlaeet. We haue another , whofe flower is betweene a Peach colour and a Vio- 
 let, which is vfually called a Gredeline colour. 
 
 ■(uttuiBe. And another of a fine reddifli Violet or purple, which we call, The Co- 
 chenille Anemone. 
 
 cardinaiit. And another ofarich crimfonred colour, and may be called, The Car- 
 
 dinali Anemone. 
 
 tanpmta. Another of a deeper, but not fo liuely a fed, called, The bloud red Ane- 
 
 mone. 
 
 rrmefaa. Another of an ordinary crimfon colour,called, The crimfon Anemone. 
 Ciccum. Another ofa Stamell colour, neere vnto a Scarlet. 
 incarnata. Another ofa fine delayed red orflcfli colour, and may bee called, The 
 Incarnadine Anemone. 
 
 incarnata h if- Another whole flower is ofa liuely flefh colour, fhadowed with yellow, 
 pamca. an <j ma y called, The Spanifn Incarnate Anemone. 
 
 Rnbefcim. Another of a faire whitifh red. which we call, The Blufh Anemone. 
 
 Me fcbuuta. Another whofe flower confifteth of eight leaues, of a darke whitifh co- 
 
 lour, ft ript all ouer with veines of a fine blufh colour , the bottomes being 
 white, this may be called, T he N utmegge Anemone. 
 infumata. Another whofe flower is of a pale whitifh colour, tending to a gray,fuch 
 as the Monkes and Friers wue wont to weare with vs , and is called , A 
 Monkesgray. 
 
 There is another , whofe leafeis fomewhat broader then many or mod: 
 jmpua fion. t fl c Anemones, comming neare vnto the leafe of the great double O- 
 renge coloured Anemone $ the flower whereof is fingle, confifting ofeighc 
 large or broad leaues, very neare vnto the fame Orenge colour, thatisin 
 the double flower hereafterdeferibed, but fomewhat deeper. This is vfu- 
 ally called in Latine, Pane mater fimplictjiere, and we in Englifb, The great 
 fingle Orenge tawnie Anemone. 
 
 Patumnar. There is likewife ofthis kindeanothcr, whofe flower is kfler, and called 
 
 The Idler Orenge tawnie Anemone. 
 
 Variet* mag. There is befides thefe exprefled, fo great a variety ofmixt colours in the 
 ttaexjetmnio. fl owerso f this kindeof Anemone with broad Jeaues, arifingeuery yearc 
 fromthefowingof thefeedeof fome of the choifeft and fitteft for that 
 purpofe,thatitis wonderfulltoobferue, not onely the variety of fingle 
 colours,butthemixtureoftwoorthreecolours in one flower, befides the 
 diuerfity ofthe bottomes of the flowers , f ome hauing white or ycllowifh 
 bottomes, and fome none, and yet both of the fame colour; and likewife 
 inthethrums ortbreads in the middle: Butthegreateft wondcrofbeauty 
 is in variety of double flowers, that arifefrom among the other fingle ones, 
 fome hauing two or three ro wes ofleaues in the flowers, and fome fo thicke 
 of leaues as a double Marigold , or double Crowfoote , and of the fame 
 feuerall colours that are in thefingle flowers, that it is almoft impoffi- 
 bletoexprefle them feuerally,and(as is faid before) fome falling out to 
 bee double in one yeare, which will proue fingle or Idle double in an- 
 other, 
 
'T be (jar den of plea/ ant blowers. 2 
 
 ocher, yet very many abiding conftant double as ac the firft • and therefore 
 let this bricfe recitall be fufficienc in (lead of a particular of all the colours. 
 
 Anemone Cbalcedonic a maxim* •utrficolor. 
 
 The great double Windflower of Conftantinople. 
 
 This great Anemone of Conftantinoplehath broader and greener lcaues then any 
 of the former Undes, andnotfomachdtuidedorcutin at the edges, amongwhich 
 rifevponeor cwoftalkes, (feldome more from one roote)hauing fome leaucs about 
 the middle of the ftalke, as other Anemones haue, and bearing at the toppes of the 
 ftalkes one large flower a peece, very double, whofe outermoft leaues being broadeft, 
 are greenilh at the firft, but afterwards red, hauing foraetimes fome greene abiding ftill 
 in the leaues, and the red (taped through it: the other leaues which are within thefe 
 are fmaller, and of a perfect red colour s the innermoft being fmalleft, are of the fame 
 red colour, but turned fomewhat inward , hauing no thrummes or threads in the mid- 
 dle, as the former haue, and bearing no feede : the roote is blackiftr on the outfide, and 
 white within, thicke and tuberousas the other kindes, but thicker fet and clofe toge- 
 ther, not (hooting any long (lender rootes as others doc. Some Gentlewomen call this 
 Anemone, The Spanifli Marigold. 
 
 Anemone cbxlcedonica altera pne Pano maior pore duplici. 
 
 The great double Orengc tawncy Anemone. 
 
 This other great Anemone of Conftantinople hath his large leaucs fo like vnto 
 the lad, that one can hardly diflinguifh them afundcr 5 the ftalke hath alfofuch like 
 leaues fet vpon it, bearing at thcroppe a fj ire large flower , confiftingof many leaues 
 fet in two or threerowesat the moil, but not (o thicke or doubleas the laft,yct feeming 
 to be but one thicke roweofmany fmall and long leaues, of an excellent red orcrim- 
 fon colour, wherein fome yellow is mixed, which maketh that colour is called an O-’ 
 rengetawney 5 thebottomes of the leaues are red, compafted withawhitifti circle, 
 the thrummie head in the middle being befet with many darke blackilh threads : the 
 roote is like the former- 
 
 u . . i ,■ : . ; \ \ \ 
 
 Anemone Snperitica fine Cj fir if si*. The double Anemone of Cyprus. 
 
 This Anemone (which the Dutchmen call Superitz, and as t haue becne enformed, 
 came from theftlc of Cyprus) hath leaucs very like the lad double Anemone, but not 
 altogether fo large: the flower coi.fifteth of fmaller leaues, of colour very nearevnto 
 the laft double Orcnge coloured Anemone, but morethicke of leaues , and as double 
 as the firft, although not fo great a flower, without any head in the middle , or thrums 
 about it as is in the laft, and differeth not in the roote from cither of them both. 
 
 Somewhat like vnto this kinde, or as it were betweene this and the firft kinde of 
 thefe great double Anemones, we haue diuers other forts, bearing flowers very thicke 
 and double ; fome of them being white, or whiti(h,or purple, deeper or paler, and fome 
 of a reddi(h colour tendingto Scarlet or a Carnation colour, and fome alfo of a blufli 
 or flefli colour, and diuers other colours, andaliofthem continue conftant in their 
 colours. 
 
 Anemone Caonmeni Maringi Jiae Perfica. The double Pcrfian Anemone, 
 
 This rare Anemone, which is (aid to come out of Pcrfia to Conftantinople, and 
 from thence to vs, is in leafe and roote very like vnto the former double Anemones 
 before deferibedjonely the flower hereof is rather like vnto the fecond great double 
 O rengc coloured Anemone, vfually call ed Pano maior floreplcno, being corupofed of 
 three rowes of leaues, the outtermoftrowe confiding of ten or twelue larger leaues, 
 and thofe more inward lefferand more in number, but all of them variably mixed 
 with white, red, and yellow, hauing thebottomes of the leaues white : but infteadof 
 a middle head with thrums about it, as the other hath, this hath a few narrow leaues, 
 of a deepe yellow colour in the middle of the flower, (landing vpright, 
 
 S a Hauing 
 
i og The (jar den of f leaf ant Flowers. 
 
 Hauing thus farre proceeded in thetwo parts of thekindesof Anemones or Wind- 
 flowers, it remaineth to entreate of the reft, which is thofc Anemones which haue thin 
 cut leaues, whereof fome haue reckoned vp thirty forts with Angle flowers, which I 
 confefle I haue not lcene 5 but fo many as haue come to my knowledge, I ihall here fet 
 downe. 
 
 Anemone tcnutfolu put GertniftlU cerulet. 
 
 The Watchet Anemone or Storkes bill leafed Windflower. 
 
 This firft Windflower with thin cut leaues,rifeth not out of theground vntil the great 
 Winter frofts be paft, that is, about the middle or end of February, and are fomewhat 
 brownilhat their Sift appearing, but afterwards fpread into wings ofgreene leaues, 
 fomewhat broader then the reft that follow, diuided into three parts, & each part into 
 three leaues, euery one cut in about the edges, one Handing againft another vpona 
 long (lender foote-ftalke, and the end leafe by it felfe : among thefe rifeth vp two or 
 three grecne ftalkes , garnilhed with fuch like thin leaues as are at the bottome , from 
 aboue which rife the flowers, but one vpon a ftalke, confiding of fourteene or fifteene 
 fmall pale blew or watchct leaues, lefferthen any of the Angle kindes that follow, 
 compalfing many whicilh threads, and a fmall greene head in the middle, fomewhat 
 like the head of the wilde Crowfoote, wherein is contained fuch like feedc : the rootc 
 is blackilh without, thrufting out into long tuberous pecces, fomewhat like vnto fome 
 of the broad leafed Anemones. 
 
 Of this kinde there is another, whofe leaues are not browne at their firft riling , but 
 greenc, and the flowers arc white, in other things not differing. 
 
 Anemone tcnuiftlit purpuret vulgaris. 
 
 The ordinary purple Anemone with thin leaues. 
 
 This purple Anemone which is moft common , and therefore the leffe regarded, 
 hath many winged leaues Handing vpon feuerall ftalkes , cut and diuided into diuers 
 leaues, much like vnto the leaues of a Carrot ; among which rife vp ftalkes with fomc 
 leaues thereon (as is vfuall to the whole Family of Anemones , both wilde and tame, 
 as is before faid- ) at thetoppes whereof ftand the flowers, made of fix leaues moftvfu- 
 ally, but fometimes they will haue feuen or eight, being very large , and of a perfect 
 purple Violet colour, very fairc and liuely : the middle head hath many blackilh 
 thrums or threads about it, which I could neuer obferue in my Gardens to beare feed : 
 the rootc is fmaller, and mote fpreading euery way into fmall long flat tuberous parrs, 
 then any other kindes of fingleor double Anemones. 
 
 ctmtptUidt. There is another very like in leafe and roote vnto the former, but the 
 flower is nothing fo large, and is whitilh, tending to ablulh colour, and 
 ofa deeper blulh colour toward the bortome of the flower, with blackilh 
 blew thrums in the middle,and giueth no feede that I could euer obferue. 
 emu fluid* There is likewifewife another like vnto the laft in leafe and flower , but 
 vtsuUna ait. that the flower is larger then it, and is ofa liuely blulh colour, the Hues 
 hauing white bottomes. 
 
 Aibevnhpur- And another , whofe flower is white , with purple coloured veincs and 
 tmiii. ftfipes through euery leafe, and is a leffcr flower then the other. 
 
 jtnemeneteuuifolU cecciuu fimplex . The fingle Scarlet Anemone with thin leaues. 
 
 The leaues of this Scarlet Windflower arc fomewhat like vnto the former, but a lit- 
 tlebroader,andnotfo finely cut and diuided : the flower confifteth of fix reafonable 
 large leaues, of an excellent red colour, which w e call a Scarlet ; the bottom es of the 
 leaues are large and white, and the thrums or threads in the middle of a blackilh pur- 
 plecolour : the rooteis tuberous, but confiding of thicker peeces, fomewhat like vnto 
 the rootesofthe broad leafed Anemones, but fomewhat browne, and not foblacke, 
 and moft like vnto the roote of the double Scarlet Anemone. 
 
 cminet ahfiis There is another of this kinde , whofe flower is neare vnto the fame co- 
 
 ■pPimiM. j our> b ut t hj s bath no white bottomes at all in his leaues. 
 
 We 
 
The (garden of plea) ant Flowers* 
 
 zop 
 
 rkcf d ‘ l ‘' Wc haucanother which hath as large a flower as any Angle, and isofan 
 Orient deepe red crirafon Veluet colour. 
 
 Sanguina. There is another of a deeper red colour, and is called, The bloud red 
 Angle Anemone. 
 
 f HT* d n . 1 1 1 fU tm o 
 
 ctccincadiiu - Another ofa perfect erimfon colour, whereof fome haue round pointed 
 
 leaues, and others fliarpe pointed, and Tome a little lighter or deeper then 
 others. 
 
 Alba flamini- There is alfo one , whofe flower is pure white with blewilh purple 
 tnfurpuriu. t h rums in the middle. 
 
 carnca Hiffa- And another, whofe flower is very great , of a kinde of Men blufli co- 
 
 *'“• lour, but yet pleafanr, with blewilh threads in the middle. . n v:. 
 
 MatarmU And another with blufh veines in euery leafe of the white flower; 
 
 V Ma pmfurm Andanothcr, the flower whereofis white, the bottomes of the leaues 
 vnguibut. being purple. 
 
 Turpurafam. Another whofe flower con Afteth of many Anall narrow leaues, ofa pale 
 purple or blufh colour on the outflde,and fomewhat deeper within. 
 racieflmum There is another like in leafeand roote vnto the Aril Scarlet Ancmdhe 
 (om /implex. j )U( . t jj e f] ower hereof confllleth of feuen large leaues without any bot- 
 tomes, of a white colour, hauing edges, and fome large (tripes alfo ofa car- 
 nation or flelh colour to bee feene in them, marked fomewhat like an Ap- 
 ple blolfomc, and thereupon it is called in Latine, ^Anemone tenuifolia Jim- 
 flex alba instar fler um pomi, or facie florum pomi, that is to fay in Englilh, 
 The Angle thin leafed Anemone with Apple blolfome flowers. 
 
 Multiplex. I haue heard that there is one of this kinde with double flowers. 
 
 The leaues of this double Anemon e are very like vnto the leaues of the Angle Scar-' 
 let Anemone, but not fo thin cutand diuided as that with the purple flowenthe flower 
 hereofwhen it Aid openethitfelfe, confllleth of fix andfometimesof feuen or eight 
 broad leaues, of a deepe red, or excellent Scarlet colour, the middle head being thick 
 elofed, and of a greenilh colour, which after the flower hath Hood blowne fome time, 
 doth gather colour, and openeth it felfe into many fmall leaues, very thicke,of a more 
 pale red colour, and more Stamell like then the outer leaues : theroot of this is thicly: 
 and tuberous,very like vnto the root of the Angle Scarlet Anemone. 
 
 We haue akinde hereof, varying neither in roote, leafe, orformeof flowerfrom 
 the former, but in the colour, in that this will haue fometimes the outer broad leaues 
 party coloured, with whitilh or blufli coloured great llreakes in the red leaues both in- 
 fide and outfide ; as alfo diuers of the middle or inner leaues llriped in the fame man- 
 ner.- the roote hereof giueth fairer flowers in fome ycarcs then in others, and fome- 1 
 times giue flowers all red againe. 
 
 Wee haue another alfo , whofe flower is of a deepe Orenge tawny erimfon colour, 
 neare vnto the colour of the outer leaues, of thelefler French Marigold, and notdiffe- 
 ring from th$ former in any thing elfc. 
 
 ^.Anemone tenuifolia flore plenofuauembente.Tht greater double blufh Anemone. 
 
 Fubrafnndo 
 
 luteo. 
 
 And another, whofe flower is red with the bottomer yellow. 
 
 i.’ Anemone tenuifolia flore coccineo pleno vulgaris. 
 The common double red or Scarlet Anemone. 
 
 2. Anemone tenuifolia flore coccineo pleno variegata. 
 The party coloured double Crimfon Anemone. 
 
 3. Anemone tenuifolia flore coccinee faturo pleno. 
 jTiic double crimfon Veluet Anemone. 
 
zio The (jar den of plea [ant Flowers. 
 
 the former double Scarlet Anemone,fauing that the lcaues hereof area little broader, 
 and feeme to bee ofa little h eftier greene colour: the flower of this is as large almoft, 
 and as double as thefortner, and theinner leaues likewife almoft as large as they , be- 
 ing of a whitifli or flefh colour at the firft opening ofthem, but afterwards bea me of 
 amoftliuely blulh colour; the bottomes of the lcaues abiding of a deeper blufli, and 
 with long Handing, the tops of the leaues will turne almoft wholly white againe. 
 
 5. Anemone tcnui folit flere tlfo pleno. The double white Anemone. 
 
 This double white Anemone differeth little from the formerblufli Anemone, but 
 in that itis fmaller in all the partsthereofjand alfo that the flower hereof being wholly 
 of a pure white colour, without any fliew of blufli therein, hath the middle th 1 ummes 
 much fmaller and (horter then it, and not riling vplo high, but feeme as if they were 
 chipped. off euen at the toppes. 
 
 6. Anemone tenmfoli* flore plene dbietnte. The lefTer double blufli Anemone. 
 
 This ftnall double blufli Anemone differeth very little from the double white laft 
 •recited, but onely in the colour of the flower : for they are both much'about the big- 
 neffeonc of another, the middle thrums likewife being as fmall and fliort , and as euen 
 aboue, onely the flower at the firft opening is almoft white , but afterwards the outer 
 leaues lnuc a more fliew of blufh in them,and the middle part a little deeper then they. 
 
 7. Anemone tenuifolu fltre plent purpuret vitUcet. T he double purple Anemone. 
 
 This double purple Anemone is alfo of the fame kindred with the firft double red or 
 Scarlet Anemone for the form or doubleneffe of theflower,confifting but of fix or fe- 
 uen leaues at the moft in this our Country,alchough in the hotter it hath ten or twelur 
 or more as large leaues for the outer border, and as large fmall leaues for the inner 
 tniddlealfo, and ahnoftas double, bur ofadecpepurpletendingtoward a Violet co- 
 lour, the outer leaues being not lodeepeas the inner: the roote and leafe comineth 
 neare vnto rhe Angle purple Anemone before deferibed , but that the roote fpreadeth 
 not fo fmall and fo much. 
 
 8. Ancmtne tenui felit flore plent purpuree ttrulet. 
 
 The double blew Anemone. 
 
 This Anemone differeth not in anything from the former double purple, but onely 
 that the flower is paler, and more tending to a blew colour. ’ 7 
 
 9. Anemone tenuflelU fltre plene rofee. The double Role coloured Anemone. 
 
 i , jS. . 
 
 The double Rofe coloured Anemone differeth alfo in nothing from the former 
 double purple, but onely in the flower, which is fomewhat fmaller, and not fo thicke 
 and double, and that it is ofa reddifh colour, neare vnto the colour of a pale red Rofe 
 or of a deepe coloured Daraaske. 
 
 1 o. Anemone tenuifolit flere pleno etrneo viutcifsimo. 
 
 The double Carnation Anemone. 
 
 This Anemone, both in roote, leafe, and flower, commeth neared vnto the former 
 double white Anemone, for the Iargeneffe and doubleneffe of tfee'flower, and in the 
 fmalneffe of the middlethrums,and euenneffe at the toppes ofthem,being not fo large 
 and great a flower as the double purple, either in the inner or outter leaues , but yet is 
 very faire, thicke an d double, and of a moft liuely Carnation filke colour, very deepe, 
 both the outer leaues and middle thrums alfo fo bright , that it doth as it werPdbazc’ 
 and yet delight the minde of the beholder, but by long (landing in the Sun, waxe a lit- 
 tle paler, and fo pafic away as all the moft beautifull flowersdoe. 
 
 11. Anemone 
 
i ^AncmnureiMiftlUfimpItxpUTpuTea.Thciiafile purple Anemonewithtliincutleaue*. a *A nemtne termif Utt/implexd I b* cmra. The ffagfe pure 
 white AnJWlHne. ? ^Anemone temtifeliA fintplex chermeflna.Thc <In«le bright Crimfon Anemone. 4 ^Anemone rennifchafimpleK JimgnmeA^ ha 
 finglebloudred ^nemoiic. f ^Anemtae tenutfolUfimplex facie florum pomi. The fingle Apple bloome A «emone. 6 ^Anemone iermif„lu r mt>l*H 
 pttr'purafions . fhe (Ingle purplifh MufTi Anemone. 7 ^AncmonotenuiftlisflmplexalbAvnfuibiucArneit.Thefinglcyjhne Anemonewirh !>Infh Sot-' 
 ts nes. 8 Aneamotenutfolia flor» pleno etc cine a . The doable red or ordinary Scarlet .Anemone 9 Anemone tmktftli 4 ^ 2 «# />/*»* ruinefU'cAotma 
 AmarantifM. The louble purple Veluet Anemone, 10 Anemone temifoli* floro pleno ' purpuro violaceo. The'doubleblewifli purple Anemone# 
 iz Anemone tenuifoli 4 floropltno tncarnsdini color» £ 'tricet yivtsiftimi. The double Capa*tj®n Aacnwa?* op of a ^«sly C «roatioa filke coioiir 
 
2iZ 
 
 c / he (jar den of pleafant Flowers. 
 
 * 
 
 II . Anemone tenuifolit florc rubrtfufco flent comi AmiranUnt. 
 
 T he double purple Veluet Anemone. 
 
 This double Veluet Anemone is in «11 things like the laft deferibed Carnation A- 
 nemone, but fome what larger, the difference confifteth in the colour ofthe flower 
 which in this is of a deep or fad crimfon red colour forthe outer leaues,and of a deep 
 purple Veluet colour in the middle thrums, refembling the colourof thelefTer 
 raptbtu furfureus , or Purple flower gentle hereafter deferibed, whereof it tookethe 
 name, which middle thrums areas fine and fmall, and as euenatthetoppes as the 
 phiteor laft Carnation Anemones. 
 
 12. Anemone tenuifelU flere f lent tricolor. 
 
 The double purple Veluet Anemone of three colours. 
 
 This double Anemone alfo is very like the laft deferibed Anemone, but that in the 
 middle of the purple thrums, there thrufteth forth a tuft of threads or leaues ofa more 
 light crimfon colour. 
 
 And thus much for thekindes of Anemones or Windflowers, fo farre forth as haue 
 hitherto come to our knowledge ; y et I doubt not, but that more varieties haue beenc 
 clfewhere collected , and will be alfo in our Countrey daily and yearly obferuedby 
 diuers,that raife them vp from fowing the feede, wherein lyeth a pretty art, not yet fa- 
 miliarly kno wne to our Nation, although it be very .frequent in the Lowe- Countries 
 where their induftry hath bred and nourifhed vp fuch diuerfities and varieties, that 
 they haue valued fome Anemones at fuch high rates, as mod would wonder at, 
 and none of our Nation would purchafe, as I thinke. And I doubt not , if wee would 
 be as curious as they, but that bothour ayre and foy le would produce as great variety, 
 as euer hath been feene in the Lowe-Countries 5 which to procure, ifany of our Nati- 
 on will take fo much paines in fowing the feedes of Anemones, as diuers haue done of 
 Tulipas: I will fet them downe the beft directions for that purpofe that I haue learned, 
 or could by much fearch and tryall attaine vnto ; yet I muft let them vnderftand thus 
 much alfo, that there is not fo great variety of double flowers railed from the feede of 
 the thin leafed Anemones, as from the broad leafed ones. 
 
 Frrft therefore (as 1 faid before) concerning Tulipas, there is fome fpeciall choice to 
 be made of fuch flowers, whole feed is fitteft to be taken. Of the UttfeltM , the double 
 Orengetavvney feede being fowne, yeeldeth pretty varieties , but the purples , and 
 reds, or crimfons, either Latifolius or Tenuifolias , yeeld fmall variety, but fuch as draw 
 neareft to their originali, although fome be a little deeper or lighter then others. But 
 the light colours be they which arc the chiefe for choice, as white, afh-colour blufh 
 or carnation, light orenge, funple or party coloured, Angle or double, if they bearc 
 feede, which muft bee carefully gathered , and that not before it bee thorough ripe 
 which you (hall know by the head 5 for when the feede with the wollineffe beginneth 
 to rife a little of 1 1 felfe at thelowcr end , itmuftbee then quickly gathered left the 
 winde carry it all away. After it is thus carefully gathered, it muft be laid to dry for a 
 weeke or more, which then being gently rubbed with a little dry fand or earth, will 
 caufe the feede to be fome what better feparated , although not thoroughly from the 
 woollmeffe or downe that compaffeth it. 
 
 Within ampnethatthemoftafterthe feede is thus gathered and prepared itrauft 
 be fowne . for by that meanes you (hall gaine a yearc in the growing, ouer that you 
 lhould doe if you foived it in the next Spring. 
 
 If there renuine any woollineire in the feede, pullit in funder as well asyoucan 
 and then fowe your feede reafonable thin , and not too thicke, vpon a plaine fmooth 
 bed of fine earth, or rather in pots or tubbes, and after the fowing, fift or gent’y ftraw 
 ouer them fome fine good frefli mould, about one fingers thicknefle at the moft for the 
 firft time .-And about a moneth after their firft fpringingvp, fift or ftraw ouer them 
 in like manner another fingers thicknefle of fine earth, and in themeanetimeif the 
 weather proue dry you muft water them gently and often, but not to ouerelut them 
 With jnoifturcj and thus doing, you fliall haue them fpring vp before Winter, and 
 
 grow 
 
The Garden of p leaf ant Flowers. 
 
 213 
 
 grow pretty flrong, able to abide thefnarpe Winter in their nonage, invfingfome 
 little care to couer them loofely with fome fearne, or furfe, or beane frame, or ftraw, 
 or any fuch, which yet mud not lye clofe vpon them, nor too farre from them neither. 
 
 The next Spring after the lowing, if you will , but it is better if you ftay vntill Au- 
 guft, you may then remoue them, and fet them in order byrowes, with fufficienr di- 
 ltance one from another, where they may abide, vntill you fee what manner of flower 
 each plant will beare, which you may dilpofc of according to your minde. 
 
 Many of them being thus ordered (if your mould be fine, loofe, and frefh , not fto- 
 nie, clayiflr , or from a middin) will beare flowers the fecondyeare after the lowing, 
 and rood or all ofthem the third yeare, if the place where you fowe them , be not an- 
 noyed with the fmoakc of Brewers, Dyers, or Maultkils, which if it be,then will they 
 neuerthriuewell. 
 
 Thus much haue I thought good to fetdowne, toincitefomeofourowneNatioa 
 tobeinduflrious;andtohelpethem forward, hauegiuen fuch rules of dirc&ions, that 
 I doubt not, but they will vpon the tryall and view of the variety, proceede as well in 
 the lowing of Anemones as of Tulipas. 
 
 I cannot (Gentlewomen) withhold one other fecret from you, which is to informe 
 you how you may fo order Anemones, that after all others ordinarily are paft, you 
 may haue them in flowerfortwo orthreemoncths longer then are to be feene with 
 any ocher, that vfeth not this courfe I direct you. 
 
 The ordinary time to plant Anemones, is mod commonly in Auguft, which will 
 beare flower fome peraduenture before Winter, but mod viually in February, March, 
 and A prjll, few or none of them abiding vntill May ; but ifyou willlceepc fome roots 
 out of the ground vnplanted, vntill February, March, and Aprill, and plant fome at 
 onetime, and fome at another, you (hall haue them beare flower according to their 
 planting, thole that (hall be planted in February, will flower about the middle or end 
 ofMay, and fo the red accordingly after that manner: Andtbus may you haue the 
 pleafure of thefe plants out of their naturali feafons , which is not permitted to be en- 
 joyed in any other rhat I know , Nature being not fo prone to bee furthered by art in 
 ocher things as in this. Yet regard, that in keepingyour Anemone rcotes out of the 
 ground for this purpofc, you neither keep them too dry, nor yet too moid, for fprou- 
 ting or rotting ; and in planting them, that you fet them' Hot In too open a funny place, 
 but where they may be fomewhac fhadowed. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 I fhall not need to fpend much time in relating the feueral 1 places of thefe 
 Anemones, butonely to declare that the mod ofthem that haue not beene 
 railed from feed, haue come from Condantinople to vs ; yet the fird broad 
 leafed or yellow Anemone, was fird found in Portugall , and from thence 
 brought into thefe parts. And the fird purple Starre Anemone in Germa- 
 nie, yetwasthe fame fentamong others from Condantinople alfo. And 
 the fird thin cut leafed Anemone came fird out of Italy , although many of 
 thatfort hauecotne likewife from Condantinople. And fo haue the double 
 red or Scarlet Anemones , and the great double blufh, which I fird had by 
 the gift of M'.Humfrey Packington of Worcederfhire Efquire, at Haruing- 
 ton. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 The times of their flowring are fulficiently exprelfed in the deferiptj- 
 ons, or in the rules for planting. 
 
 TheNames. 
 
 The Turkifli names whereby the great double broad leafed kindeshaue 
 beene lent vntovs, were Gial Cutamer , and Gial Cat amir Ule j And Bi- 
 nizade, "Binizante , and Galifali UU for the thinne cut leafed Anemones. 
 All Authors haue called theta Ancmtnes , and are the true Htrb* venti. 
 
 - — m 
 

 *1 be (jar den of pleaf ant Flowers. 
 
 Wee call them in Englifli eyther Anemones , after the Greeke name, 
 or Windflowers , after the Latine. 
 
 ThcVcrtues. 
 
 There « little vfeofthefe in Phyficke in our dayes, eyther for inward or 
 outward dilcafes ; onely the leaues are vfed in the Ointment called Marcia- 
 turn, which is compofcd of many other hot herbes, and is vfed in cold 
 griefes, totvanne and comfort the parts. The roote, by reafonof the 
 fturpendfc, is apt to drawc downe rheumc, if itbetaftedor chewed inthe 
 mouth. 
 
 Chap. XXVI- 
 Acontam. Wolfebane. 
 
 > i'^ Here be diners forts of Wolfebanes which are not fit forthis booke, butarc 
 
 i 5 referued for a generali Hiftory or Garden of Simples , yet among them there 
 f JL are fome, that notwithftanding their euill quality, may for the beauty of their 
 flowers take vp a roome in this Garden , of whom I meane to entreate in this place : 
 And firft ot the Winter Wolfesbane, which for the beauty, as well as the earlinefle of 
 his flowers , beingthefirft of all other, that (hew thcmfelucs after Chriftmas , defer- 
 ueth a prime place ; and therefore for the likenclfe of the rootes vnto the Anemones, 
 I ioyne it next vnto them. 
 
 t. Miiitum fijemale.T he Winters Wolfesbane, 
 
 This little plant thrufteth vp diuers leaues out of the ground, in the deepe of Win- 
 ter oftentimes , if there be any mildc Weather in Ianuary, but mo ft commonly after 
 the deepe Frofts, bearing vp many times the fnow vpon the heads of the leaues, which 
 like vnto the Anemone, doe euery leafe rife from the roote vpon fcuerall Ihort foote- 
 ftalkes, not aboue foure fingers high, fomehauing flowers in the middle of them, 
 (which come vp firft moft vfually) and fome none, which leaues ftand as it were 
 round,rhe ftalke rifingvpvnderthemiddleofthe leafe, deeply cut in and galhed to 
 the middle ftalke almoft, of a very faire deepe greene colour , in the middle whereof, 
 clofe vnto the leafe, ftandeth a lmall yellow flower, made of fix leaues, verylikea 
 Crowroore, with yellow threads in the middle : after the flower is fallen, there rife vp 
 diuers lmall homes or cods fee together, wherein are contained whitifh yellow round 
 (cede. The roote is tuberous, fo like both for fhape and colour vnto the rootes of A- 
 nemones, that they will eafily deceiue one not well experienccd,buc that it is browner 
 ind [moot her without, and yellow within, if it be broken. 
 
 2 . Aconitum flare aikido, flue Aconitum Iuleum Ponticum. 
 
 The whitilh yellow Wolfesbane. 
 
 This Wolfesbane (hooteth not out of the ground vntill the Spring be well begun,’ 
 and then it fen deth forth great broad greene leaues, deeply cut in about the edges, 
 not much vnlike the leaues of the great wilde Crovvfoote , but much greater from a- 
 tnong which leaues rifethvp a ftrongftiffc ftalke, three foote high , hauing here and 
 there leaues fet vpon it, like vnto the loweft, but fmaller , the toppe of t he ftalke is di- 
 uided into three or foure branches, whereon are fet diuers pale yellow flowers, which 
 turneatthe laft to bealmoft white, in fafhionlike almoft vnto the flowers ofthe Hel- 
 met flower, but much fmaller, and not gaping fo wide open : after the flowers 
 are paft come vp diuers (hort poddes , wherein is contained blacke feede : the 
 roote is made of a number of darke browne firings , which fpread and fallen 
 themfclucs ftrongly in the ground. s 
 
The Lj aret en of pie a! ant Flowers. 
 
 ~ 
 
 2IJ 
 
 3. Napelhts verut flore cxruleo. Blew Helmet flower or Monkes hood. 
 
 The Helmet flower hathdiuers leauesofa frefli greene colour oh the vppcrfide s 
 and gray ifhvndc-ruearh , much Ipread abroad and cut into many flits and notches, 
 more then any of the Wolfe banes; theftalkerifcth vptwo orthreefoot high,befetto 
 thetop with the like leaues, but (mailer : thetoppe isfometimes diuided imotwoor 
 three branches, but morevfually without, whereon (land many large flowers one a- 
 boue another, in forme very like vnto a Hood or open Helmet, being compofed of 
 flue leaues, the vppermoft ofwhichand the greateft, is hollow, like vnto an Helmet 
 orHeadpeece, two other fmall leaues are at the fides ofthe Helmet, doling it like 
 cheekes, and come fomewhat vnder, and two other which are the fmallefl hang down 
 like labels, or as if a dole Helmet were opened, and fome pceces hung by, of a perfed 
 or faire blew colour, (but grow darker,hauing flood long) which caufeth it be fo nou- 
 rilhedvp in Gardens, thattheirflowers, as was vfuall in formertimes, and yetis in 
 many Countrey places , may be laid among greene herbes in windowes and roomes 
 for the Summer time: but although their beauty may be entertained for the vfes afore- 
 faid, yet beware they come not neare your tongue or lippes , left they tell you to your 
 coft, they are not fo good as they feeme to be : in the mid deft of the flower, when it is 
 open and gapeth wide, are fecne certaine fmall threads like beards, Handing about a 
 middle head, which when the flower is paft,growcth into three or foure,or more fmall 
 blackifh pods , containing in themblackefecde : therootesarebrownilhonthe out- 
 lide, and white within, fomewhat bigge and round aboue, and fmall downewards s 
 fomewhat like vnto a fmall Ihort Carrot roote, fometimes two being ioyned at the 
 head together. But the name NapeUas anciently giuen vnto it, doth fhe w they referred! 
 the forme of the roote vnto a fmall-T urnep. 
 
 Anther*. The wholfome Helmet flower, or counterpoifon Monkes hood.’ 
 
 This wholfome plant I thought good to infert, not onely for the forme ofthe flow- 
 er, but alfo for the excellent properties thereof, asyoufhall haue them related here- 
 after. The rooteshereofare fmall and tuberous, roundand fomewhat long , ending 
 forthemoftpartin a long fibre, and with fome other fmall threads from the head 
 downeward: from the head whereof rifeth vp diuers greene leaues, eueryonefeuc 
 rally vpon a ftalke, very much diuided, as finely almoft as the leaues of Larkes heeles 
 or fpurres : among which rifeth vp a hard round ftalke , a foote high and better, with 
 fome fuch leaues thereon as grow belowe, at the toppe whereof (land many fmall 
 yellowifti flowers , formed very like vnto the former whitiih Wolfesbane, bearing 
 many blacke feedes in pods afterwards in the like manner. 
 
 Many more forts of varieties of thefe kindes there are, but thefe onely, as the moft 
 fpecious, are nourfed vp in Florifts Gardens for pleafure ; the other are kept by fuch 
 as are Catholickeobferuers of all natures ftore. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 All thefe grow naturally on Mountaines, ia many fhadowie places of 
 the Alpes, in Germany, and elfewhere. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 Thefirftflowreth(asisfaid)inIanuary , and February, and fometimes 
 vntill March be well fpent, and the feede is foone ripe after. 
 
 The other three flower not vntill Iune and luly. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 The firft is vfually called Amitum hytmale "Belgarum. LobciiliS caUethic 
 
2 . i 6 ‘/he (jar den of pleafant Flowers. 
 
 'Bulb of Hi vnifolius Batrachtides, Aconitum Ellebtr aceum , and Raman dm Mo- 
 nopbfllos, and fomeby other names. Mod Herbarifts call it '-Acomtum bye- 
 male, and we in Engliih thereafter, Winters Wolfesbanc; and ot fome Yel- 
 low Aconite. 
 
 The fccoitd is called by moft Writers, Aconitum luteum Pont, cum . s otJle 
 alfo Lupicida, Luparia , and Canicida , of the cffcfl in killing Wolues and 
 Dogs: And fome, becaufe the flower is more white then yellow, doc call 
 it Aconitum florc albido.vteczW it in Engliih, The whitifn yellow Aconite 
 or Wolfesbane,but fome after the Latine name,Theyellow Wolfcshanc’ 
 
 The third is called generally Ntpellta, and Verm , becaufc it is them:- 
 NapeUuc of the ancient Writers, which they fo termed from the forme ofa 
 Turnep, called Naptts in Latine. 
 
 The fourth is called Aconitum Salutiferum, Napelluj Mojfis, ^Antora and 
 Antbora, quafi Antithoru , that is, the remedy againft the poifonfull herbe 
 Thors, in Engliih according to the title , eyther wholfome Helmet flower 
 or counterpoifon Monkcs hood. • 5 
 
 TheVertues. 
 
 Although the firrt three forts of plants be very poifonfull and deadly yet 
 there may bee very good vfe made of them for fore eyes (being carefully 
 applyed,yetnottoallfortsof fore eyes neither without difererion; if the 
 diftilled water be dropped therein. 
 
 Therootesof the counterpoifon Monkes hood arecffeauallnotondy 
 againft the poifon of the poifonfull Helmet flower, and all others of that 
 ’ kinde, but alfo againft the poifon of all venemousbeafts, the plague or pe- 
 
 ftilence, and other infectious difeafes, which raife fpots, pockes, or markes 
 in the outward skinne, by expelling the poifon from within, and defending 
 the heart as a moft foueraigne Cordiall. It is vfed alfo with good fuccefle 
 againft the wormes of the belly, and againft the paines of the Wind collick 
 
 Chap. XXVII. 
 
 Rtnunculm. TheCrowfoote. 
 
 N Extvnro the Aconites, of right are to follow the Ranunculi, or Crowfeete for 
 the nearenefle both of fofme, of leaues, and nature of the plants, although leffe 
 hurtfull, yet all of them for the moft part being iharpe and exulcerating and 
 not without fome danger, if any would be too bold with them. The whole Family of 
 the Ranunculi is ofa very large extent, and I am conftrained within the limits ofa Gar- 
 den of Pleafure ; I mnft therefore felea out onelyfuch as are fit for this purpofe and 
 fet them here downefor your knowledge, leauing the reft for that other generali 
 worke, which tune may perfetft and bring to light, if the couetous mindes offome 
 that mould be tnoft affetfed towards it, doe not hinder it : or if the helpe of generous 
 fpints would forward it. v 6 
 
 I . Ranuncultu montanm albm humilior. The Iowe white mountaine Crowfoot. 
 
 This lowe Crowfoote hath three or foure broad and thicke leaues . almoft round 
 yeta little cut inandnotchedabout the edges, of a finegreene and fiiining colour on 
 rhevpperlide, and not fo green vnderneath, among which rifethafmall fliortftalke 
 bearing one fnow white flower on thetoppe, made of fine round pointed leaues, with 
 diuers yellow threads in the middle, ftandingabout a greene head, which in time 
 groweth to be full of feede, in forme like vnto a fmall greene Strawberry : the roote is 
 compofed of many white firings. 
 
 Dstjfic ifitre. . There is another of this lowe kinde, whofe leaues are fomewhat more deeply cut 
 in on the edges, and the flower larger, and fometimes a little double, as it were with 
 two rowes of leaues, in other things not differing from the former. 
 
 a. Rtnunctilw 
 
The (garden of plea/ant rimers 
 
 2 . Ranunculi) i montanus albai maior vel elatior. 
 
 The great (ingle white mountain? Crowfoote. 
 
 The leaues of this Crowfoote ate large arid greene, cut into three, and fometitries 
 into fiue fpeciall diuifions , and each of them bed Jcs cut or notched about the edges 
 fomewhat refembling the leaues of the Globe Crowfoote , but larger : the ftalke is 
 rwofooteandahalfehigh, hauing three fmall leaues fet at the ioynt of the ftalke 
 where it brancheth out into flowers , which (land foure or fiue together vpon long 
 footc-ftalkes, made of fiue white leaues a peece, veryfweete, and fomewhat lamer 
 then the neKt white Crowfoote, with fome yellow threads in themiddlecompaflfnc 
 agreenehead, which bringeth feede like vnto other wilde Crowfecte : the roote 
 hath many long thicke whitifli firings, comming from a thicke head* 
 
 3 . Ranunculus montanus alkus minor. The lefler /ingle white Crowfootej 
 
 This Crowefoote hath fairc large fpread leaues, cut into fiue diuifions , and fome- 
 what notched about the edges, greene on the vpperfide, and paler vnderneath, hauing 
 many vcines running through the leaues : the ftalke of this rirethnot fo high as the 
 former, although this be reafonable tall, as being neare two foote high, fpread into 
 many branches, bearing fuch like white flowers, as in the former, but fmaller : the 
 feede of this is like the former, and fo are the rootes hkewife, 
 
 4. Ranunculus albus flore pleno. The double white Crowfoot. 
 
 The double white Crowfoote is ofthe fame kihde with the laft (ingle white Crow- 
 foote, hauing fuch like leaues in all refpetfts : the onely difference is in the flowers 
 which in this are very thicke and double. Some doe make mention of two forts of 
 double white Crowfecte, one fomewhat lower then another, and the lower like- 
 wife bearing more ftore of flowers, and more double then the higher .-but I con- 
 feffe, I haue neuerfeene but one fort of double, which is the 1 fame here exprefled 
 not growing very high, and rcafonably well ftored with flowers. 
 
 5 . Ranunculus (rxcox Rat* folio fiueCoriandrifolio. 
 
 The early Coriander leafed Crowfoote. 
 
 This Crowfoote hath three or foure very greene leaues, cut and diuided into many 
 fmall pecces, like vnto the wing of leaues of Rue, or rather like the lower leaues ofthe 
 Corianderffor they well rcfemble either of them)euery of them ftanding vpon a Iona 
 purphfl) ftalke, at the eoppe whereof growerhthe flower alone, being compofed at 
 made of twelue fmall white leaues, broad pointed, andalittleendentedattheends 
 fomewhat purplifh on the outfide, and white on the infide, fuftained by diuers fmall 
 greene leaues , which ate in (lead of a cup or huske : in the middle of the flower are 
 many fmall white threads, tipt with yellow pendents , ftanding about a fmall greene 
 head, which after groweth to bee full of feedes like a Strawberry , which knobs giue 
 fmall blackifh feede : the roote is white and fibrous. 
 
 6. Ranunculus Thaliclrifolio maior .The great colombine leafed Crowfoot. 
 
 The lower leaues of this Crowfoote haue long ftalkes, and arevery like vnto the 
 lmaller leaues of v^olombines, or the great Spanifli Thaliflrum, which hath his leaues 
 very like vnto a Colombine , foure or fiuerifing from the roote: the ftalke rifeth a- 
 bout a foote and a halfe high , fomewhat reddidi , befet here and there with the 
 like leaues, at the toppe whereof (land diuers fmall white flowers, made of fiue 
 leaues a peece, with fome pale white threads in the middle : the feede is round 
 and reddifh , contained in fmall huskes or homes : the roote is made of 3 bufli or 
 tuft of whireftrings. 
 
 T 
 
 7 . Ranunculus 
 
2rI g The Cjarden of pleafant Flowers. 
 
 y. Ranunculus ThiliBrifclio minor <~Afphodtli radice . ^ 
 
 The iinall white Colombine leafed Crowfoote. 
 
 This ftnall Crowfoote hath three or foure winged leaues fpread vpon the ground, 
 (landing vpon long (hikes, and confiding of many fmall leaues fet together, fpreading 
 from the middle nbbe, eucry leafe fomewhat refembling both in lhape and colour 
 the (mailed and youngeft leaues of Colombines : the flowers are white, (landing at 
 the toppe of the (hikes, made of flue round leaues : the root hath three or foure thick, 
 Ihort and round yellowilh clogs hanging at the head, like vnto the Afphodill roote. 
 The great Herball of Lyons, that goeth vnder the name of Dalefchumpius, faith , that 
 D r . Myconus found it in Spaine,and fent it vnder the name of Oenanthe; and therefore 
 Ioannes Molineus who is thought to haue cotnpofed that booke, fet it among the vm- 
 belliferous plants, becaufe the Oenanthes beare vmbels of flowers and feede,and haue 
 tnberous or cloggy rootes ; but with what iudgtment, let others fay , when they haue 
 compared the vmbels of flowers and feede of the Oenanthes , with the flowers and 
 feede ofthis plant, and whether I haue not more properly placed it among the Ranun- 
 cuiioi Crowfcete,andgiuenit a denomination agreeableto hisformc. 
 
 8 .Ranunculus Globefm.Tlsz Globe Crowfoot. 
 
 This Crowfoote (which in the Northerne countries of England where it groweth 
 plentifully, is called Locker goulous) hath many faire , broad, darkegreene leaues 
 next the around, cut into fiue, fixe, or feuen diuifions, and iagged befides at the edges; 
 amon~ whichrifethvpaftalke, whereon are fet fuch like leaues as are belovve, but 
 fmallcr diuided toward thetoppe into fomcbranches, onthewhich (landfeuerall 
 lar<*c yellow flowers , alwayes folded inward , or as a clofe flower neuer blowing o- 
 pen, as other flowers doe, confiding of eleuen leaues forthe mod parr, fet or placed in 
 three rowes, with many yellow threadsin the middle, dandingaboutagreene rough 
 head wnich in time groweth to be fmall knops, wherein arc contained blacke feede : 
 theroote iscompofed of many blackilh drings. 
 
 g. Ranunculus pntenfis flere multiplici. The double yellow field Crowfoot. 
 
 There is little or no difference in the leaues of this double Crowfoot, from thofe of 
 the Angle kindes that growe in euery medowe , being large and diuided into foure 
 or fiue parts, and indented about the edges, but they are fomewhat (mailer, and of a 
 frelher greene : the flowers dand on many branches , much diuided or feparated, 
 being not very great , but very thieke and double : the roote runneth and cree- 
 peth vnder ground like as the (Ingle doth. 
 
 io .Ranunculus Anglic tu maximus multiplex. 
 
 The Garden double yellow Crowfoot or Batchelours buttons. 
 
 This great double Crowfoote, which is common in euery Garden through Eng- 
 land, ha^h many great blackilh greene leaues, lagged and cut into three diuifions, each 
 to the middle ribbe : the dalkes haue fome fmallcr leaues on them, and thofe next vn- 
 der the branches long and narro w : the flowers are of a greenifh yellow colour, very 
 thieke and double of leaues, in the middle whereof rifeth vp a fmall ftalke, bearing an- 
 other double flower, like to the other, but fmaller : the roote is round, like vnto a fmall 
 white Turnep, with diuers other fibres annexed vnto it. 
 
 1 1 . Ranunculus Gramineus. Graffe leafed Crowfoot. 
 
 The leaues ofthis Crowfoote are long and narrow, fomewhat like vnto Graffe, or 
 rather liketbe leaues of Angle Gilloflowers or Pinckes, being fmall and fharpe poin- 
 ted, a little hollow, and of a whitilh greene colour : among thefe leaues rife vp d iuers 
 (lender ftalkes, bearing one fmall flower at the toppe of each, confiding of fiue yellow 
 
 leaues, 
 
£ Rammfulus humilis Mu, «W.Vii Here Tli*. rfm.kt* 1 u Monfeej hood . y ^uncu'u, humslualhusfmphx.Thc finele \vfc]'C lotv Crow foot. 
 
 .cAr^ .0 
 
 T a 
 
 ‘ I 
 
 
zzo 
 
 I 
 
 The (jar den of pleafant Flowers. 
 
 leaucs, with fomc threads inthe middle : the roote is compofed of many thicke, long, 
 round white firings. 
 
 There is another of this kinde that beareth flowers with two rowes of leaues, as if it 
 were double, differing in nothing elfe. 
 
 n. Ranunculus Lufitanicus /f«f»w»«/w.ThePortugall Autumne Crowfoot. 
 
 This Autumne Crowfoote hath diuers broad round leaues lying on the ground, fet 
 vpon fliort foote-ftalkes, of a fairc greene colour aboue, and grayiih vnderncat h, fnipt 
 all about the edges, hauing many veines in them , and fometimes fwclling as with bli- 
 fters or bladders on them; from among which rife vp two or three (lender and hairy 
 ftalkes, bearing but one fmall yellow flower a peece, confiding of fiueand fometimes 
 of fix leaues , and fometimes of feuen or eight, hauing a few threads in the middle, fet 
 about a fmall greene head, like vnto many of the former Crowfeete , which bringeth 
 fmall blacke feede : the roote is made of many thicke (hort white firings, which feeme 
 to be grumous or kernelly rootes,but that they are fomewhat fmaller, and longer then 
 any other of that kinde. 
 
 1 3 . Ranunculus Creticus latifolius. The broad leafed Candy Crowfoot. 
 
 This Crowfoote of Candy, hath the greateft and broadeft leaues ofall the forts of 
 Crowfeete, being almoft round, and without any great diuifions, but onely a few 
 notchesabout the edges here and there, as large or larger fometimes then the palme 
 ofa mans hand; among which rifethvp the ftalke, not very high when it doth firft 
 flower, but afterwards, as the other flowers doe open themiclues , the ftalke groweth 
 to be a foote and a halfe high, or thereabouts, hauing fome leaues on it , deeply cut in 
 or diuidcd, and bearing many faire yellow flowers, confiding of fiue leaues 3 peece, 
 being fomewhat whitifti inthe middle, when the flower hath flood blowne a little 
 time : the roote is compofed ofanumberof fmall kernelly knobs, orIonggraines,fet 
 thicke together. This flowreth very early , being vfually in flower before the end of 
 March, and oftentimes about the middle thereof. 
 
 14. Ranunculus Creticus albus. The white Candy Crowfoote. 
 
 The leaues of this Crowfoote are very like vnto the leaues of the red Crowfoote 
 of Tripoli or Afia, hereafter fet downe, being fomewhat broad and indented about 
 theedges, fome ofthe leaues being alfocut in or gafhed, thereby making it as itwere 
 three diuifions, of a pale greene colour, with many white fpots in them : the ftalke ri- 
 feth vp a foote high, with fome leaues on it, more diuided then the lower, and diuided 
 at the toppe into two and fometimes into three branches, each of them bearing a fairc 
 (now white flower, fomewhat large, included at the firft in a brownifii huskc or cup of 
 leaues, which afterwards (land vnder the flowers, confiding of fiue white large round 
 pointed leaues, in the middle whereof is fet many blackifti purple thrums, compalfing 
 a fmall long greene head, compofed of many feales or chaffie whitifti huskes, when 
 theyareripe, whichare thefeede, but vnprofitableinallthateuerlcouldobferue: 
 the rootes are many fmall graines or kernels, fet together as in the former, and much 
 about the fame colour, that is, ofa darke or duskie grayifh colour, but much fmalleri 
 'Mi purpums There is another ofthis kinde, whofe flowers haue purple edges, and fometimes 
 prit&vcms. fome veines ofthe fame purple in theleaues of the flowers, not differing in any other 
 thing from the former. 
 
 AibatrUru. And another, whofe edges of the flowers are of a bright red colour. 
 
 bru. 
 
 iy. Ranunculus Creticus fore argent eolXhz Argentine, or cloth of filuer Crowfoot. 
 
 The greene leaues of this Crowfoote are as fmall and thinne, cut in or diuided on 
 theedges, as the laft two forts ; the ftalke rifeth vp fomewhat higher, and diuided into 
 fome branches, bearing at the toppe of euery of them one flower , fomewhat fmaller 
 then the former, compofed of fix, feuen, and fometimes of eight fmall round pointed 
 
 leaues. 
 
221 
 
 The Ljarden of plea) ant t lowers. 
 
 j ffMmruu tti grttminetu fife pmpHu <fr and the double rrafff C rotv foot. * Ranunculus luflttnicit* TVc Portugal! 
 
 Aut'inine L rowfoot. \ Rtnwml* C rttiem /-"/•/'•‘'Thebrotd leafed Candy Crowfoot. 4 SAnumulm^in^tus roAximu. t&t&pUxfT he doobl» 
 Crowfoot. 5 'Ranunculttt pru'tnjis flore 7mltipliei.Thei9\ib\t yellow field Crowfoot. 6 Tt^nuntulUS CriticlA kilui. TKe^bite Candy 
 Crowfoot. 1 Rtnuncultu ^fiarictu flere dlbo vtl pallido varie.l he white cr the'ftrasp coloured CrowfoptwitV red top« <red c es. ? BMrmncultuTri* 
 fmlitdtiH* fore ruhro fi^pltci. Thcfingle red Crowfoot of Tripoli. 9 'Ranunculus ^iji*ticw The large finglered Crowfoctof Alia, 
 
 10 >wi«/w fiats rukrt //««.The double red Crowfoot of Afia. u C* llb *P* lu fii‘fi 9 f 'i lcnt ‘ DwblrMaW»Mwi^oU.«r.ftiwI»low« 
 
 buttons- _ 
 
 - 1 J 3 
 
zi% The (far den of pie a f ant Flowers. 
 
 lcaues,ofawhiti(li yellow blulh colour on the infide wholly,ex'cept fometimes a lit- 
 tle ftript. about the edges -.but the outfide of euery Ieafe is finely ftript with crimfen 
 ftripes, very thicke, fomewhat like vnto a Gilloflower : in the middle rifeth vp a fmall 
 blackc head, compaflcd about with blackifh blew threads or thrums, which head is as 
 vnfruitfull for leede in our Countrey as the former. This flower hath no fuch greene 
 leaues vnder it, or to enclofe it before it be blovvne open as the former : the rootes are 
 in all things like the former. 
 
 1 5 . Ranunculus epaticus flue Tripolitanus {lore rukro. 
 
 The finglc red Crowfootc ofAfia or Tripoli. 
 
 The lower leaues of this red Crowfootearealwayes whole without diulfions be- 
 ing onely fomewhat deeply indented about the edges, but the other that rife after 
 them are more cut in , fometimes into three , and fometimes into fiue diuifions and 
 notched alfo about the edges : the ftalke rifeth higherthenany oftheformer and’hath 
 or. it two or three fmaller leaues, more cut inanddiuidedthen thofe belowe : at the 
 toppe whereof ftandeth one large flower , made of fiue leaues, eueryone being nar- 
 rower at the bottomc then at the toppe, and not ftanding clofe and round one to an- 
 other, but with a certaine diftance betweene , of a duskie yellowilh red colour on the 
 outfide,andofadcepe red on theinfide, the middle beingfet with many thrums of a 
 darke purple colour : the head for feede is long , and fcaly orchaffie , and idle in like 
 manner as the reft: the roote is made of many graincsor fmall kernels fee together 
 and doling at the head , butfprcadingitfelfe, ifit like the ground, vnder the vpper 
 cruft of the earth into many rootes, encreafing from long firings , that runne from the 
 middle of the fmall head of graines, as well as at the head it felfe. 
 
 17 . Ranunculus Afiaticus flore amplo rt^ra.The large finglc red Crowfootof Afia. 
 
 There hath come to vs out of T urkie, together with the former, among many other 
 rootes , vnderthe fame title , a differing fort of this Crowfootc , whofe leaues weare 
 broader, and much goaler ; the flower alfo larger, and the leaues thereof broader 
 fometimes eight ina flower, ftanding round and clofe one to another, which maketh 
 the fairer Ihew : in all other things it is like the former. 
 
 iS.Ranuuculut Afiaticus flere rubro varie fimplici. 
 
 The red ftript Angle Cro wfoote ofAfia. 
 
 This party coloured Crowfoote differeth not eyther in roote or Ieafe from the for- 
 mer, the chiefeft difference is in the flower , which being red , fomewhat like the for- 
 mer, hath yet fome yellow ftripes or veines through euery Ieafe, fometimes but little, 
 and fometimes fo much , that ip feemeth to bee party coloured red and yellow : this 
 fort is very tender $ for we hauc twice had it, and yet perilhed with vs. 
 
 15 ». Ranunculus Afiaticus flore luteo vorio fimplici. 
 
 T he yellow ftript fingle Crowfoote of Afia. 
 
 Thereis little difference in the roote of this Crowfoote from the laft deferibed but 
 the leaues are much different, being very much diuided, and the flower is lar°e of a 
 fine pale greenilh yellow colour,confiftingoffixandfeuen, and fometimes of eight 
 or nine round leaues 5 the toppes whereof haue reddilh fpots,and the edges fometimes 
 alfo, with fuch purplifh thrums in the middle that the other haue. None of thefc for- 
 mer Crowfeete with kernelly rootes, haue euer beene found to haue giuen fogood 
 £ feed in England, as that being fowne, any of them would fpring vp ; for hereof try all 
 
 hath been often made, but all they haue loft their labour, that haue bellowed their 
 paines therein, as farre as I know. 
 
 20. Ranunculus 
 
The (far den of pleaf ant Fiercer s. 
 
 223 
 
 20 . Rtnunculm Afittictts flore rubri flem . 
 
 The double red Crowfoorc of Alia. 
 
 The double red Crowfoote hath his rootesarid leaues fo like vnto the Angle red 
 kindc, that none can perceiue any difference, or know the one from the other, vntill 
 the budde ofthe flower doe appeare, which after it is any thing forward, may be per- 
 ceiued to begreater and fuller then the budde of the Angle kinde. This kinde beareth 
 mod vlually but one faire large double flower on the toppe of the ftalke, compofed of 
 many leaues, fet clofe together in three or foure rowes, of an excellent crimfon 
 colour, declining to Scarlet, thcoutter leaues being larger then the inner • and in 
 Head of thrummes, hath many fmall leaues fet together: it hath likewifefix fmall 
 narrow grcenclcaues on the backflde of the flower , where the ftalke is fattened to 
 the flower. 
 
 There is of this double kinde another fort, whofe flower is of the fame colour with Mfiroflort. 
 the former , but out of the middle of the flower arifeth another double flower .but 
 fmallcr. * 
 
 The Place. 
 
 Thefe plants grow naturally in diuers Countries ; fome in France , and 
 Germany, and (ome in England, lome in Spaine, Portugall, and Italy, and 
 fome hauc been fent out of Turkie from Conftantinople, and fome from a- 
 ther parts, their titles for the mod part deferying their Countries. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 Some ofthem flower early , as is fet downe in their deferiptions, or ti- 
 tles. The others in Aprill and May. The white Candy Crowfoote, and 
 the other Angle and double forts of AAa, about the fame time, or fomewhat 
 later, and one in Autumne, as it is fet downe. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 Thenamesthat aregiuen feuerallyto them may well ferue this worke, 
 that thereby they may bee diftinguifhed one from another : For to fet 
 downe any further controucrfleof names, how fitly or vnfltlythey haue 
 beene called, and how variably by diuers former Writers, is Atter for a ge- 
 nerali Hiftory, vnto which I leaue what may be faid, both concerning thefe 
 and the reft : Onely this I would giue you to vnderftand , that the Turkie 
 kindcs hauc been fent to vs vndcr the names of Teroitlts for the Angle , and 
 Terobtlts c turner Lie for thedouble, and yet oftentimes , thofe that’haue 
 been fent for double, haueproued Angle , fo little fidelity is to bee found 
 araong.them. 
 
 ThcVertues. 
 
 • 
 
 All or mod of thefe plants are very lharpe and exulcerating, yet the care 
 and induftry of diuers learned men baue found many good effefis in many 
 ofthem. For the rootes and leaues both ofthe wilde kindes, and of fome 
 of thefe ofthe Garden, ftampedandapplyedtothcwrifts, hauedriuena- 
 . way the fits in Feuers. Therootc likewifeof the double Englilh kindc is 
 applyed for peftilent fores, tohelpe to breake them, by drawing the ve- 
 nometothe place. They helpelikcwife to take away fcarres andmarkes 
 in diuers places of the body. 
 
 Cha?. 
 
224 - » 
 
 ‘'i he (jar den of pleafant Flowers, 
 
 4 '• _ _ . , 
 
 Chap. XX VI 1 1. 
 
 Calthipthttr is Jhr tplmo. Double Marfh Marigold. 
 
 'ti. w SflJ V ' > t \ : t : ■ i i (i 1 , 1 
 
 A S an appendix tothe Crowfeete, I muft needes addethis plant, vet feuerally 
 by it fclfe, becaufebothitand his Angle kindeareby mod adioynecl there- 
 unto, for the ncare rcfemblanct both in lhape and fhai-pencfie of quality. The 
 Angle kinde I leaue to the Ditch (ides, and moift grounds about them, as the fitted pl a l 
 ccs for it, and onely bring the double kinde into my Garden, as fitted for his goodly 
 proportion and beauty to be entertained; and haue place therein. 3 
 
 The doubleMarlh Marigold hath many broad and round greene Ieaues, a little en- 
 dented about the edges, like vnto the (ingle kinde, but not altogether fo large, cfpeci- 
 ally in a Garden where it ftartdeth not very moift : the ftalkes are weake , round hol- 
 low, andgreene, diuided into'threeorfourebranchesatthetoppe, with Ieaues at the 
 feuerall ioy nts, whereon (land very double flowers, ofa gold yellow colour : the fiue 
 outer Ieaues being larger then any of the reft that are cncompafted by them, which 
 fallaway after they haue flood blowne a great while (foritendureth infloweramo- 
 neth.or more, ofpecially if it ftand in a ftndo wie place) without bearing any feed : the 
 rootesarccompofcdofmany thicke, long, and round whitiih firings, whichrunnc 
 do wne deep into the ground, and thereare faftened very ftrongly. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 . x 
 
 This plant groweth naturally indiucrsMarlhes, and moift grounds in 
 , Germany , yet iufome more, double then in others j it hath long agoc 
 •; beene cherifhed in our Gardens. ° 
 
 : :Iwtir< ,.li. .!•<» A'iognr.j •. Maobl wJ^nifi. . 
 
 • • ' The Time. 
 
 It flowreth in Aprill or May , as'the yeare proueth earlier or later : all 
 his Ieaues doe in a manner quite perifti in Winter, and fpring anew in the 
 end of February, or thereabouts. 
 
 i ■*, : ' • vo sod v. *r • • •' v . »•/ • / 
 
 ThcNaraes. 
 
 There is great controueriie among the learned about the (ingle kinde, 
 but thereof I (hall not neede to fpcake in this place; if God permit f 
 may in a fitter. This is called generally in Latine , Cilths pdaftru multi- 
 fUx, or fitrtfltn*. And wee in Englilh (after the Larine, which take 
 (Ultbt to be that which wee vfually call CtltninU , a Marigold) The dou- 
 ble Marfli Marigold. 
 
 TheVertues. 
 
 The route hereof is (harpe, coraming neare vnto the quality of the 
 
 Crowfeete, but for any fpcciall property, I haue not heard or found any. 
 
 n 1 1 
 
 Aoh;v. ■ . ■ ■ .1-/ : v:T«v. nv. / .7 :• • V • 
 
The Cj tirdcn of fl leaf ant Flowers, 
 
 Chap. XXIX. 
 
 Hepatica nobilis fine trifolia. Noble Liuerwort. 
 
 N Ext vnto the Crowfeete are to follow the Hepaticas, becaufe of the likeneffe 
 with them, feemingto be fmall Crowfeete in all their parts, but of another 
 and more wholfome kinde. Their diuerfity among themfclues confifteth 
 chiefly in the colour of the flowers, all of them being Angle, except one which is very 
 thicke and double. 
 
 i. Hepatica flore caruleo pmplici maior. 
 
 The great Angle blew Hepatica or noble Liuerwort. 
 
 The flowers of this Hepatica doc fpringvp, blow open, and fometimesfhedand 
 fallaway, before any leaues appeare or fpreadopen. Therootesarccompofedofa 
 bufh of blackifh firings, from the feuerall heads or buttons whereof, after the flow- 
 ers arerifen andblowne, arife many frefh greene leaues, each feuerally Handing vpon 
 his foot- ftalke, folded together, andfomewhat brownc and hairy at their firft cotn- 
 ming , which after are broad , and diuided at the edges into three parts : the flowers 
 like wife Hand euery one vpon his owne feuerall foote-ftalke , of the fame height with 
 the leaues for the moft part, which is about foure or flue Angers breadth high, made of 
 fix leaues moffvfually, but fornetimes it will hauefeuen or eight, ofafaireblew co- 
 lour, with many white chiues or threads in the middle, ftanding about a middle green 
 head or vmbone, which after the flower is fallen groweth greater, and fhe weth many 
 fmall graines or feedefetclofe together (with three fmall greene leaues compafling 
 them vnderneath , as they did the flower at the bottome) very like the head of feed of 
 manie Crowfeete. 
 
 2. Hepatica minor flore pallido car uleo. The fmall blew Hepatica. 
 
 The leaues of this Hepatica are fmallerby the halfe then the former, and grow 
 moreaboundantly , or bufhing thicke together : the flowers (when it fheweth them, 
 for I haue had the plant halfe a fcore yeares , and yet neuer faw it beare flower abouc 
 onceortwice) areof a pale or bleake blew colour , not fo large as the flowers of the 
 former. 
 
 3. Hepatica flore purpureo. Purple Hepaticaor noble Liuerwort. 
 
 This Hepatica is in all things like vnto the firft , but onely the flowers are of a 
 deeper blew tending to a Violet purple: and thcreforel fhall not neede to reiterate 
 the former defeription. 
 
 4 .Hepatica flore albo minor. The letter white Hepatica. 
 
 The flowers of this Hepatica are wholly white, of the bigneffe of the red or purple, 
 and the leaues iomewhat fmaller, and of a little whiter or paler greene colour , elfe in 
 all other things agreeing with theformer. 
 
 5. Hepatica alba magno flore. The great white Hepatica. 
 
 There is no other difference herein from the Iaft,but that the flower being as white, 
 is as large as the next. 
 
 6 . Hepatica albida flue argentea. Afh- coloured or Argentine Hepatica. 
 
 Both the leaues and the flowers of this Hepatica are larger then any of the former, 
 except the laft : the flowers hereof at the firft opening feeme to bee a of blulh alh-co- 
 loHr, which doe fo abide three or foure dayes, decaying ftillvntillitturnealmoft 
 
 white. 
 
z 26 
 
 7 be (jar den of pleafant Flowers. 
 
 white, hauingycc ftill a (hew of thatblufh aft-colour inthem,till the very laft. 
 
 7. Hepatic* albaflraminibm rubra. White Hepatica with red threads. ’ 
 
 There is ho difference between this Hepatica and the firft white one,fauing that the 
 threads in the middle of the flower,being white, as in the former, are tipt at the ends 
 with a pale reddift colour, which addc a great beauty to the flowers. 
 
 Theleaues of this Hepatica are of a little browner red colour, both at their firft 
 commingvp, and afterwards, efpecially in themiddleof the leafe more then any of 
 the former ; the flowers arc in forme like vnto the reft, but of a bright bluft,or pale red 
 colour, very pleafant to behold, with white threads or chiues in the middle of them. 
 
 The double Hepaticais in all things like vnto the Angle purple kinde, fauing onely 
 that the leaues are larger, and ftand vpon longer foote-ftalkes,and that the flowers are 
 fmall buttons, but very thicke of leaues, and as doubleas a flower can be, like vnto the 
 double white Crowfoote before deferibed, but not fo bigge, of a deepe blew or pnr- 
 ple colour, without any threads or head in the middle, which fall away without <>i- 
 uinganyfeede. “ 
 
 In thecolour of this flower, confifteth the chiefeft difference from the Iaft, except one 
 may fay it is a little lefle in the bigaefle of the flower, but not in doublencffe of leaues. 
 
 All thefe plants with Angle flowers grow naturally in the Woods, and 
 fhadowie Mountaines of Germany in many places , and fome of them in 
 Italy alfo. The double kinde likewife hath been fent from AlphonfusPan- 
 tius out of Italy, as Clufiusreporteth, andwasalfo found in the Woods, 
 nearethe Caftleof Starnbeg in Auftria , the Lady HeufcnftainspolTeffion, 
 as the fame CluAus reporteth alfo. 
 
 Thefe plants doe flower very early, and are of the firft flowers thatfhew 
 theinfelues prcfently after the deepe frofts in Ianuary, fo that next vnto the 
 Winter Wolfesbane, thefe making their pride appeare in Winter, are the 
 more welcome early guefts. The double kinde flowreth not altogether f® 
 
 .... 5 © lanius» 
 
 "•tilts, Hepattcumtriftliur*,Triftlium utbile, Trifoltum aureum, and forac Tri . 
 »iiM, and Herb* Triniutit. In Englift you may call them either Hepatica, 
 after the Latine name, as moft doe, or Noble Liuerworc, which you plcafe! 
 
 Thefe are thought to cooleand ftrengthen the liuer, the name importing 
 as much ; but I neuer faw any great vfe of them by any the Phyfirians of our 
 London Coliedge,or effect by them that hauc vfed them in Pnyficke in our 
 
 8 . Hepotic* flore rubro. Red Hepatica or noble Liuerwort. 
 
 9. Hepatica flore purpureo multiplici flue plent. 
 The double purple Hepatica. 
 
 I o. Hepatkt flore camlet plent. The double blew Hepatica. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 They haue obtained diuers names ; fome calling them Hepatic a. Hepatic t 
 
 TheVertues. 
 
 Coamry. 
 
 Chap- 
 
The far den of piea/ant Flowers, 
 
 7.1J 
 
 -*• 
 
 I Hepatica flore albo amolo fimplici.Thehrgt white Hepatica, x Hepatici flore rubro flmplici. The red Hepatica. 3 Hepatica 
 flore purpureo pleno. The double purple Hepatica. 4 Geraniumt uber ofum. K^abbed Crines bill, y Geranium Batraiboihs flore 
 «Ibo vel cawlco.The blew or white Crowfoote Cranes bill. 6 Geranium Hematodes. The red R,ofcCr 3 acs bill, 7 Geranium 
 figminum Jirktum-Tkc variable ftripi Craacs bill 8 Geranium Critic w* Carnty Qra/iej 
 
2i8 
 
 ‘The (jar den of pleajant Flowers. 
 
 Chap. XXX. 
 
 Geranium. StorkesbillorCrartes bill. 
 
 r «4 S was faid before concerning the Crowfeet, of their large extent and reftraint, 
 ' rbe like may be faid of the Storkes bils or Cranes bils ; for euen of thefe as of 
 
 -L. Jit them , I mult for this worke fet forth the deferiptions but ofa few , and leaue 
 the reft to k generali worke. 
 
 I . Get mium tuber of nm vtl bulbofum. Bulbous or knobbed Cranes bill. 
 
 The knobbed Cranes hath three orfoure large leaues fpread vpon the ground, ofa 
 grayiih or rather dufty greenc colour, euery one of them being as it were of a round 
 forme, but diuidtd or cut into fix or feuen long parts or diuifions, euen vnto the mid- 
 dle, whichmakethitfeemetobe fo many leaues, each of the cuts or diuifions being 
 deeply notched or indented on both fides ■ among which rifethvpaftalkeafoote 
 high or better , bearing thereon diuers pale but bright purple flowers , made of fine 
 leaues a peece , afrer which come fmall heads with long pointed beakes, rcfembling 
 the long bill ofa Storke or Crane, or fuch like bird, whichafter itisripe, partethat 
 rhebotromewhereitisbiggeftjintofoureorfiuefeedes, euery one whereof hath a 
 peece of the beake head faftened vnto it , and falleth away if it bee not gathered : the 
 rootc is tuberous and round, like vnto the roote of th t Cyclamen or ordinary Sowbread 
 almoft, butfmaller, andofadarke ruffet colour on theoutfide, and white within, 
 which doth encreafevnder ground, by certainc firings running from the mother root 
 into fmall round bulbes, like vnto the rootes of the earth Chefnut, and will prefently 
 fhoote leaues , and quickly grow to beare flowers , but will not abide to be kept long 
 dry out of the ground, without danger to be vttcrly fpoiled. 
 
 Geranium 'Satracb tides flore camlet . The blew Crowfoote Cranes bill. 
 
 This Crowfoote Cranes bill hath many large leaues, cut into flue or fix parts or di- 
 uifions, euentothebottome, and iagged befides on the edges, fet vpon very long 
 flendcrfoote-ftaIkes,very like the leaues of the wilde Crowfoot ; from among which 
 rife vp diuers Italkes with great ioy nts, fomewhat reddifti, fet with leaues like the for- 
 mer: the toppes of the ftalkes are fpread into many branches, whereon ftand diuers 
 flowers, made offiue leaues a peece, as large as any of the wilde or field Crowfcete, 
 round pointed, of afaire blew or watchet colour, which being paft, theredoearife 
 fuch heads or bils , as other of the Cranes bils haue : the roote is compofed of many 
 reddifh firings, fpreading in the ground, from a head made of diuers red heads, which 
 lye oftentimes eminent aboue the ground. 
 
 Geranium 'B at rachoidts flere Me. The white Crowfoote Cranesbill. 
 
 This Cranes bill is in leafe and flower altogether like the former, theonely diffe- 
 rence betweene them confifteth in the colour of the flower, which in this is wholly 
 white, and as large as the former : but the roote of this hath not fuch red heads as the 
 other hath. 
 
 GertniumTS at rach tides flore alba & ctruleo vtrio. 
 
 The party coloured Crowfoote Cranes bill. 
 
 Theflowersofthis Cranesbill are variably ftriped and fpotted , and fometimes di- 
 uided , the one halfe of euery leafe being white, and the other halfe blew , fometimes 
 with leffer or greater fpots of blew in the white leafe, very variably, and more in fome 
 years then in others,that it is very hard to expreffe all the varieties that may be obfer- 
 ued in the flowers, that blow at one time.In all other parts ofthc plant, it is fo like vnto 
 the former, that vntill it be in flower, the one cannot be knowne from the ot her. 
 
 Geranium 
 
c lbe Cjarcicn of pteafant blowers. up 
 
 5 . Gcr&n'tum 'B Atruho\d,es niter am flore fur pttreoi 
 Purple Crowfooce Cranes bill. 
 
 This purple Cranesbill hath many leaues riling from the roote, fet vpon long foot- 
 
 flalkes,fomewhat like vnto the other, yet not fo broad, but more diuided or cut, that 
 
 is, into feuen or mote flits, euen to the middle , each whcreofis likewife cut in o’n the 
 edges moredecply then the former j the ftalkes are i'omewhat knobbed attheioy nts, 
 fet with leaues like vnto the lower, and bearing a great tuft of buds at the toppes ofthe 
 branches, which breake out into faire large flowers, made of flue purple leaues which 
 doe fomevvhat referable the flower ofa Mallow , before it betoofull blowne’ each 
 whereof hath a reddidi pointell in themiddle , and many fmall threads compaflinp it 
 this vmbell or tuft of buds doe flower by degrees, and not all at once, and eucry flower 
 abidethopen little more then one day, and then (heddech, fo that eucry day yeelderh 
 frelli flowers , which becaufe they arefomany, are a long while before they areall 
 paft or fpent : after the flowers are pad, there arife fmall bcake heads or bils, like vnto 
 the other Cranes bils, with fmall turning feede : the roote is cornpoled of agreattuft 
 of firings, faftened to a knobby head. 
 
 6.GcrtnUm Romanam verfimlor fiu« flrUtum.Thc variable ftript Cranes bill, 
 
 This beautiful! Cranesbill hath many broad yellowifli greene leaues arifing from 
 the roote, diuided into flue or fix parts, but not vnto the middle as the firft kindcs are : 
 each of thefe leaues hath a blackiihfpot at the'bottome corners of the diuifions, the 
 wholeleafe as well in forme as colour and fpots , is very like vnto the leafe of the Ge- 
 rgmum fufeunt , or fpotted Cranes bill , next, following to be deferibed , buttharthe 
 leaues of this are not fo large as the other : from among theleleaues fpring vp fundry 
 ftalkes a foote high and better, ioyntedand knobbed hereand there, bearing atthe 
 tops two or three final! white flowers, confiding of flue leaues a peece, fo thickly & va«' 
 riably ftriped with fine fmall reddilh veines, that no green leafe that is of that bigneffe 
 can fhewfo many veines in it, not fo thick running as eucry leafe of this flower doth: in 
 the middle of the flower flandeth a (mail pointell, which when the flower is paft doth 
 grow to be the feed veflell,wheron is fet diuci s fmall feeds, like vnto the fmall feedes 
 of other Cranes bils: the root is made of many fmall yellow threads or firings. 
 
 7 . Ger aniam fufeum fiae maculosum. Swart tawny or fpotted Cranes bill. 
 
 The leaues of this Cranes bill are in all points like the lad deferibed , as well in the 
 formeand diuifions as colour ofthe leaues, being of a yellowifli greene colour , but 
 larger and ftronger by much: the ftalkes of this rife much higher, andareioynted or 
 knobbed with reddifh knees or ioynts, on the tops whereof fland not many although 
 large flowers, confiding of fiue leaues a peece, each whcreofis round at the end, and a 
 little fnipt round about, and doe bend orturnethcmfelues backe to the ftalkt wards, 
 making the middle to be higheft or moft eminentjthe colour of the flower is ofa darke 
 or deepe blackifii purple, thebottomeofeuery leafe being whiter then the reft ; it hath 
 alfo a middle pointell ftanding out, which afterwards bring forth feede like vnto o- 
 thers of his kinde : the roote confiftcth of diuers great firings, ioyned to a knobby 
 head. 1 
 
 8. Geranium Hematodes. The red Rofc Cranesbill. 
 
 This Cranes bill hath diuers leaues fpread vpon the ground, very much cut in or 
 diuided into many parts, and each of them againe flit or cut into two or three peeces, 
 ftanding vpon (lender long foote- ftalkes, of a faire greene colour all the Spring and 
 Summer, but reddifh in Autumne: among thefe leaues fpring vp (lender and weakc 
 ftalkes, befet at euery ioynt (which is fomewhat reddifh) with two leaues for the moft 
 part, like vnto the lower : the flowers grow feuerally on the toppe of the ftalkes, and 
 not many together in bunches or branches , as in all other of the Cranes bils, euery 
 flower being as large as a Angle Role Campion flower, confining of fiue large leaues, 
 
 V of 
 
c / he (jar den of p leaf ant blotters. 
 
 of a deeper red colour then in any other Cranes bill at the firft opening, and will 
 change more blewiih afterwards : when the flower is part, there doth arife iuchhke 
 beakes as arc in others of the fame kinde, but fmall : the roote is hard, long, and thitke, 
 with diuers branches fpreading from it, of a reddifh yellow colour on the outfide, and 
 whitilh within, which abideth and periflieth not, but fhootcth forth fome new greene 
 leaucs, which abide all the Winter, although thofc that turne red doe fall away. 
 
 Geranium Creticum. Candy Cranesbill, 
 
 Candy Cranesbillbeareth long and tender ftalkes , whereon growe diuers broad 
 and long leaues, cut in or iagged on the edges : the toppes of the ftalkes are branched 
 into many flowers, made of flue leaues of areafonablebigneffe, and of afaireblew 
 or watcher colour, with a purplifh poiwell in the middle, which being pad, there fol- 
 low beake heads like other Cranes bils, but greater , containing larger , greater , and 
 fhar per pointed feede, able to pierce the skinne, if one be not warie of it : the roote is 
 white and long, with fome fibres at it, and perifheth when it hath perfeded his feede, 
 and will fpring of it o wnc lowing many times, if the Winter be not too fharpe, other- 
 wife (being annuali) it rauft be fownc in the Spring of the yeare. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 Moft ofthefe Cranes bils are ftrangers vnto vs by nature,but endenizond 
 in our Englifli Gardens. It hath beene reported vnto mee by fome of good 
 credit, that the fecond or Crowfoot Cranes bill hath been found naturally- 
 growing in England, but yet I nener faw it, although I haue feen many forts 
 of wildc kindes in many places. Matthiolus faith that the firft groweth in 
 Dalmatia and Illyria very plentifully. Camerarius, Clufius, and others, that 
 moft of the reft grow in Germany, Bohemia, Auftria,&c. The laft hath 
 his place recorded in his title. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 All thefe Cranes bils doc for the moft part flower in Aprill, and May, 
 and vntillthcmiddleoflunc. The variable or ftripc Cranesbill is vfually 
 the lateft of all the reft. 
 
 ThcNamcs. 
 
 The firft is vfually called Geranium tuber afum, of fome Geranium bulbafum t 
 of the likeneffeof the roote vnto a bulbe: It is without controueriie Gera- 
 nium primum of Diofcorides. The fecond is called Geranium Gratia Dei, of 
 others, Geranium caruleum. The blew Cranes bill Lobel callcth nBatrs- 
 chaides, becaufe both leafe and flower are like vnto a Crowfoote 5 and the af- 
 finity with the Cranes bils in the feede caufeth it rather to be referred to 
 them then to the Crowfeete. The ftript Cranes bill is called by fome Ge~ 
 ranium Ramenum. The laft fauingone is called Geranium Hamatcdes , or 
 Sanguineum, of Lobel Geranium Gruin ale Hamatodes Jupinum radice repente. 
 In Englifh it may be called after the Greek and Latine, The bloudy Cranes 
 bill, but I rather cal! it. The Rofe Cranes bill, becaufe the flowers areas 
 IargeasfingleRofes,otastheRofe Campion. Some of them are called in 
 many places ofEngland Baffincts. 
 
 ThcVertues. 
 
 All thekindesof Cranes bils are accounted great wound herbes, and ef- 
 fe&uall to ftay bleedings, yet fome more then others. ThcEmperickcsof 
 Germanie, as Camerarius faith , extoll it wonderfully, for afingular remc- 
 die againft the Stone, both in the reines and bladder. 
 
 C HAF. 
 
The (jar den of pie a/ ant Flowers. 
 
 Csap-XXXI. 
 
 Sank da guttata maior. Spotted Sanicle. 
 
 H Ailing long debated with my felfe, where to place this & the other plants thac 
 follow in the two next Chapters, I haue thought it not amide for this worke 
 cofetthcm downehere, bothbefore the Beareseares, which are kindes of 
 Sanicle, as the bed Authors doe hold, and after the Cranes bils, both for fome quali- 
 ties fom’ewhat refemblin'g them, and for fome affinity of the flowers with the former. 
 
 The fpotted Sanicle hath many fmall round leaues, bluntly endented about the 
 edges, fomewhat like vnto the leauesofour white Saxifrage, of a full greene colour 
 aboue’, and yvhitifh hairy, and lomewhat rcddifh withall vndcrneath : theftalkes are 
 fet here and there with the like leaues, rifingafootc andahalfe high ormore, very 
 niuchdiuided at the toppe into fundry fmall branches, bearing many very fmall white 
 flowers, confiding of fiue fmall leaues , wherein are many fmall red fpots to be feene, 
 as fmall as pins points, ofa pretty fweetefcnt,almod like Hawthorne flowers , in the 
 middle whereof are many fmall threads compafling a head,which when it is ripe con- - 
 taineth fmall blackc feede : the roof e is fcaly, or couered with a chaffie matter, hauing 
 many fmall white fibres vnderneath, whereby it is fadened in the ground. 
 
 There is another of this kinde, likeboth in roote, leaf'e,and flower totheformer, Mmrmnyt* 
 the onely difference is, that this isleffer then theformer, and hath no fpots in the'"* 
 flower, as the other hath. . • 
 
 Wc haue alfo another fmallcr kinde then the Ialt 3 both in Ieafe and flower 3 the leaues Mitttkguttcta} 
 whereof are fmaller, but rounder , and more finely fniptor indentedaboutthe edges, 
 like the teeth ofa fine fawe : the dalke is little aboue a fpan high , hauing many fmall 
 white flowers fpotted as the fird, but with fewer fpots. 
 
 ThePlace. 
 
 •• .. • '• i'.v . i-. . i. - 
 
 Thefe growe in the fhadowic Woods of the Alpes, indiuers places , and 
 with vs they more delight in the (hade then the funne. • i 
 
 The Time. 
 
 v c » ■ 
 
 All thefe Sanicles doe flower in May , and continue flowring vntill Iune, 
 and the feede fooneripeneth after: the rootes abide all the Winter, with 
 fome leaues on them, fpringing a frelh in the beginning of the yeare. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 The former two are called by Clufius Sanieula montana , and by others 
 Sanieula guttata : by Lobel Ceum Alpinum. The third or laft hath been fens 
 vs vnder the name of Sanieula men tana altera miner. 
 
 ThcVertues. 
 
 The name impofed on thefe plants doe certainly affureys of their ve£ 
 tues, from the fird founders, that they are great healers, and from their 
 fade, that they are great binders. 
 
 • a 1 z-t. 
 
 c h a a 
 
ill The (jar den of pleajant Flowers. 
 
 C H A Pi XXX II. 
 
 Catyledtn titer a Mattbioli. Spotted NaudWort. 
 
 T His fpotted Nauelwott , as many doe call it, hath many thicke fmallleaucs, 
 not fo broad as long, of a whitilh greene colour dying on the ground in circles, 
 afterthe manner of the heads of Houfelecke, anddented about the edges ; from 
 the middle whereof fometimes (for it doth not flower euery yeare in many placcs)ari- 
 feth vp a ftallec, fcarcc a foote high,befet with fuch like leaues as are belowe,but 1 ome- 
 whatlonger: from the middleof theftalkevptothetop itbrancheth forth diuerlly, 
 witli a leafe at euery ioynt, bearing three or foure flowers on euery branch , confiding 
 offiue white leaues, fpotted with fmall red fpots, like vnto the fpotted Sanicle, but 
 with fewer and greater fpots, hauing a yellowifh circle or eye in the bottomc of euery 
 flower, and many whitifh threads with yellowifh tips in it : the feede is fmall and 
 blackc, contained in fmall round heads : the roote is fmall, long, and thrcadie, (hooting 
 out fuch heads of leaues, which abide all the Winter, thofe that beare flower perifhing, 
 
 cotyledan then miner. Small dented N auelwort. 
 
 There is another like vnto that before deferibed in mod things , the differences be 
 thefe: It hath (horter leaues then the former, anddented about the edges in the like 
 manner : the flowers hereof arc white, but greater , made of fix leaues , and mod vfu- 
 ally without any fpots at all in them, forac arc fccne to haue fpots alfo: the heads or 
 feede vcffels arc more cornered then the former. 
 
 Cttjlcdaa titer* fine rabrt fledatt. Small red flowred Nauelwort. 
 
 This hath alfo many heads of leaues, but more open, which arc longer, greener, and 
 fharper pointed then eyther of the former, foraewhat reddifhalfo, and not dented a- 
 boi, he edges, bur yet a little rough in handling: the ftalkearifcth from among the 
 lea. waiving fomewhat reddifb, and the kaues thereon are reddifh pointed, diuided 
 ar the .ope into many branches, with diuers flowers thereon, made of tweluefmall 
 long leaues, Itandmgl ike a (larre, of a reddifh purple colour, with many threads there- 
 in, (et about the middle head, which is diuidedatthe toppe into many fmall ends, like 
 pods or homes, containmgrherein very fmall feede : the root is fmall like the former. 
 
 Sedum [erratam flare rabente maculate. The Princes Feather. 
 
 Thiskindeof Sengreene iscompofed of heads of larger, broader, and thinner 
 k aues then any of the former, of a fadder greene colour , fomewhat vneuenly enden- 
 ted about the edges, and notfo clofe fet together, but fpreading forth into fcuerall 
 heads like as the former forts doe , although not fo plentifully • from the middleof 
 diuers of which heads rife vp brownifh or reddidi ftalkes,fet with fmaller leaues there- 
 on to the middle thereof, and then brancheth forth into feuerall fprigs,fct with diuers 
 fmall reddidi flowers confiding of fiuc leaues a peece , the innerfide of which are of a 
 pale red, fomewhat whiti(h,fpotted with many fmall bloud red fpots, as fmall almoft 
 as pins points, with fome fmall threads in the middle, (landing about a fmall greene 
 head, which turncth into the feede veffell, parted foure wayes at the head , wherein 
 is contained fmall blackifh feede : the rootes are fmall threads, which fpread vndcr 
 the ground, and fhoote vp feuerall heads round about it. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 All thefe growe in Germany, Hungarie,Aufti ia , the Alpes, and other 
 fuch like places, wherethey cleaue to the rockc ic felfe, that hath but a cruft 
 of earth on itto nouridi them. They will abide in Gardens reafonable well, 
 if they be planted in (hadowie places, and not in the fun. 
 
 The 
 
T he (jar den of pleafant Flowers. 
 
 254. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 They flower for the raoft part in the end of May, and fometimes fooncr 
 or later, as the ycare falieth out. 
 
 TheNames. 
 
 The firft is called by Matthiolus, Cotyledon altera Ditfcoridu, and Vmbili- 
 cut alter, but it is not the true Cotyledon altera of Diofcoridcs ; for Sedum 
 vulgare maius , Our common Houfeleeke , by theconfentof thebeft mo- 
 derne Writers, is the true Cotyledon altera of Diofcorides, or Umbili- 
 cus Venerii alter. I hold it rather to bee a kinde of fmall Houfeleeke, as 
 the other two likewife are. Thcfccond is called by fomc Aizoum or Se- 
 dum minus ferratum. The third hath his name in his tide. Wee doc call 
 them Naucl worts in Englifh rather then Houfeleekes, Euphenix gratia. The 
 laft may be called dented Sengrecne with reddifh fpotted flowers, but fome 
 of our Englifh Gentlewomen haue called it, T he Princes Fcather,which al- 
 though it be but a by-name, may well ferue for this plant to diflinguifh it, 
 and whereby to be knownc. 
 
 ThcVertues. 
 
 They are all held to be cold and moift^ like vnto other Houfeleekes. 
 
 Chap. XXX III. 
 
 StldaneSa ^d/pina. Mountaine Soldanella or blew Moonewort. 
 
 T Hisbeautifull plant hath many round and hard leaues, fet vpon long foote- 
 ftalkes, a little vneuenly cut about the edges, greene on the vpperfide, and of a 
 grayifh greene vndcrneath,and fometime reddidi like the leaues of Sowbread, 
 whichbecaufetheydoefomcwhatrefembletheleaues of StldaneSa marina, which is 
 the Sea Bindweede, tooke the name thereof: the ftalkes are {lender, fmall, round, and 
 reddidi, about a fpan high, bearing foureor fine flowers at the toppe, euery one hang- 
 ing downe their heads, like vnto a Bell flower , confiding but of one leafe (as mod of 
 the Bindweeds doe) plated into fiue folds, each of them ending in a long point, which 
 maketh the flower feem to haue fiue leaues, each whereof is deeply cut in on the edges, 
 andhauing a round greene head in themiddle, withaprickeor pointed at the end 
 thereof: the flower is ofa faireblew colour, fometimes deeper or paler, or white , as 
 nature lideth without any fmellat all : the middle head,after the flower is fallen, rifeth 
 to bea long round pod, bearing that prickc it had at the end thereof, wherein iscon- 
 tained {mall greenifh feede : the roote hath many fibres {hooting from a long round 
 headorrootc. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 This groweth on the Alpes, which are couered with fnow the greateft 
 part of the yeare,and will hardly abide tranfplanting. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 In the naturali places it flowreth not vntill the Summer moneths, Iune, 
 Iuly, and Augufl, after the fnow is melted from the Hils, but being 
 brought into Gardens, it flowreth in the beginning of Aprili, or there- 
 abouts. 
 
 
 The 
 
'Tbe Lfarden of plea) ant t loiters 
 
 The Names. 
 
 This plant , by rcafon of the likeneffe of leaues with SelitntlU , as wis 
 before (aid, is called by many SoUaneBu, but yet is no Bindweede -and 
 therefore I rather call it n Englifh a MounraineSoldanella,then as Gcrrard 
 doth, Mountaine Bindweede. It is likewife called by fome, Ountru mwor 
 ctralen, The Idler blew Lunary or Moon wort, andfo I would rather haue 
 it called. 
 
 The Vertues. 
 
 They that impofed the name of Lanttr'u vpon this plant, feeme to referre 
 it to the wound or confoiidating herbes , but btcaufe I haue no furthe r re- 
 lation or experience , I can fay no more thereof vntill tryall hath taught it. 
 Somealfo from the name SoUtnelh, which is giuenit, becaufeof the hke- 
 nelTe of the leaues, haue vfed it to help the Dropfie,for which the Sea plant 
 is thought to be effedfuall. 
 
 Chap. XXXIIII. 
 uricuU V t fi. Beares cares. 
 
 T Here are fo many fundry and feuerall forts of Beares eares , the variety confi- 
 ding as well in the differing colours of the flowers, as the forme and colour 
 of the leaues , that 1 (hall not comprehend and fet downe vnto you all the di- 
 ucrfiticsby many, thatarerifen vptothofethat haue beene induftrious in the flow- 
 ing ot thefeedcsot the feuerall forts of them 5yd if youacceptof thefc that I doc 
 here offer vnto you, I (hall giue you thcknowledge of others , asrime, occafion, and 
 the view of them (hall enable me. And becaufe they are without all queflion kinds of 
 Co tvflips, I haue fet them downe before them in the firfl place, as being of more beau- 
 tie and greater refpecft,or at the leaf! of more rarity vnto vs.T o difpofe them therefore 
 into 01 der, I (hall ranke them vnder three principal! colours, that is to fay, Red or Pur- 
 ple, White, and Yellow, and Anew you the varieties of each of them (for fo many as 
 are come to my knowledge) apart by thcmfelucs , andnotpromifcuoufly as manyo- 
 thers haue done. 
 
 1 . Auricuh r rf flore furfureo. Purple Beares eare, or The Murrey Cowflip. 
 
 This purple Beares eare or Cowflip hath many greene leaues , fomewhat long and 
 fmooth, narrow from the bottome of the leafe to the middle, and broad from thence 
 to the end, being round pointed, and fomewhat fnipt or endented about the edges ; in 
 the middle of thefe leaues, and fometimes at the (ides alfo, doe fpring round greene 
 /hikes foure or hue fingers high, bearing at the top many flowers , the buds whereof, 
 before they are blowne, are of a very deepe purple colour, and being open , are of a 
 bright, but deepc purple, vfually called a Murrey colour, confiftingof flue leaues a 
 pcece, cut in at the end as it were into two, with a whitifh ring or circle at the bottome 
 of each flowcr,flanding in fmall greene cups, wherein after the flowers are fallen, arc 
 contained very fmall heads, not nfing to the height of the cups, bearing a fmall pricke 
 or pointed at the toppe of them, wherein is little blackifh feede : the roote hath many 
 whitifh firings fattened to the maine long roote, which is very like vnto a Pritnrofe 
 or Cowflip roote, as it is in all other parts befides. 
 
 2. Auricuh Vrfi furfurea sbfforbe. The murrey Cowflip without eyes. 
 
 There is another of this kinde,whofe leafe is fomcwhatklTe, astfye floweris alfo, 
 
 but 
 
 ,/ 
 
The (jar den of pie o: fan t Flowers. 
 
 bat of the famecolour, and fomerimes fomewhat redder, tending to a Scarlet,wrthotit 
 any circle ac the bottome of the flower, in no other things differing from it. 
 
 '5. c AuricuU V rft minor f.ere tunnel to. Tawney Beares eares. 
 
 The>aues of this kinde .haue a greater fhew of mealineffe to be feenc in them , and 
 noc much fmaller then tlK former, yet fnipt or endented about the ends like vnto 
 them : the flowers are many, of the fame fafhion with theformer, buffmaller, each 
 whereof is of as dec-pc a murrey or tawnie colour when it is blowne, as the buds of the 
 former arebefore they arcblowne, hauinga white circleatthe bottome of the flower, 
 andyellowifh in the middle belowe the circle. 
 
 ;r /Jolt)»" 1 * ■ 
 
 • 4. Auricula nft flore rubro futuro orbe luteo. 
 
 Deepeor bloud red Beares eares with eyes. 
 
 - ! : 5'ilT iflRhU 
 
 This kinde hath fmall and long greencieaues, nothing mealy, but fnipt about the 
 edges, from the middle of the lcaues forwards to the ends :the flowers hereof are of 
 a deepe red colour, tending to a bloud red, with a deepe yellow circle, or rather bot- 
 tome in the middle. 
 
 Aurkuh Vrft There is another of this kinde, whofe leaues are fomewhat mealy, and fmaller then 
 Am rubro ft. any (that I haue feenc) that haue mealy lcaues : the flowers are of the fame deepe red 
 bIiUe colour with the laft deferibedj ct hath no circle or bottome of any other colourat all. 
 
 j . AuricuU rrfi fore purpuro caruleo. The Violet coloured Beares eare. % 
 
 We have anothcr, whofe leaues are fomewhat mealy and large • the flowers where- 
 of are of apalcr purple then the firft, fomewhat tending to a blew. 
 
 ■ viol -j rl J ni . •- iihtlb i: 11 .v. :r . ■ \ if. "J 
 
 6 . Auricula ffrji. flore obf oleto magno. The Spaniards blufh Beares eare. 
 
 . 1 , ilOil. 'J J’> 
 
 This great Beares eare hath as large leaues as any other of this kindred whatfoeucr, 
 and whitiih or mealy withall, fomewhat fnipt about the edges, as many other of them 
 are : the flowers Hand at the toppe ofa ftrong and tall flalke, larger then any of the o- 
 th.er that I haue fecne, being of a duskie blufh colour , r refembling the blufh of a Spani- 
 ard, whofe tawney skipne cannot declare fo pure a blufh as the Englifh can j and there- 
 fore I haue called it the Spaniards blufli. 
 
 7. AuricuU yrfi fore rubello. Scarlet or light red Beares eares. 
 
 ' The leaues ofthis kinde are very like the leaues of the firft purple kinde, butthat 
 they are not fo thickc ; of a little paler greene colour , and little or nothing fnipt about 
 rheedges : the flowersare ofa bright, but pale reddifh colour , nothalfefo deepe as 
 the two laft with white circles in thebottomesof them, in other things this differeth 
 not fromothers. :f .d; .■ im 
 
 S. Auricula. Vrfi Refeo colore. The Rofc coloured Beares eare. 
 
 ■ We haue another, whofe lcafe is a little mealy, almoft as large as any of the former, 
 whofe flowers are of a light red colour, very neare the colour of anordinary Damaske 
 Rofe, with a white eye at the bottome. 
 
 9. Auricula Vrji flore caruleo folWB or tginh. 
 
 Blew Beares eares with Borage leaues. 
 
 This plant is referred to the kindred or family of the Beares eares, onelyforthc 
 forme of the flower fake, which cuen therein it dothnotaffimilatetothehalfejbut 
 becaufe it hath pafled others with that title, I am content to infert it here , to giuc you 
 
 ad the 
 
Anne a la y flore purpureo. Purple Cowfi ps or Bsares cares. 
 
 rttuU iSrT, Aa.Va* a/s»' ~‘ r 'Z — — -iv^a,e«. i Auricula Vrfi flare tarmtto. Tawrjcy B caret eare. ? 
 
 K Amicula rs h - l p ‘ / 0ra ^ ,r / ! i '’ BlewBc ■■•res eares with Borage Icaues. 4 Auricula Vrfi fiore carnea BIulh Beares care 
 5 Auricula Vrjt maxima lutea flore eUgauti. The greateft fsire yellow Bcares «arcs with ejej. 6 
 7 Auricula Vrfl crinit ( ‘ ~ " ' ' ' • • 
 
 futco. The yellow Bcares eare! 
 
 Mattbiali. Bcarcseare Sanicle. 
 
 Auricula Vrfl aipera flora 
 
 colms flue flore jufefl 1 he hairc coloured Bcares earc. S Cor tufa 
 
 T he ifardsn of plea) ant blowers. 
 
238 
 
 The (jar den of plea jam Flowers. 
 
 the knowledge thereof, and rather to fatisrtc others then my felfe with the place there- 
 of • the defeription whereof is as followeth : It hath diuers broad rough hairy leaues 
 fpread vpon the ground, fomewhat like vnto the leaues of Borage for the roughnefle, 
 but not for the largeneffejthe leaues hereof being fomewhat rent in fome places at the 
 edges : from among thefeleaues rife v pone, or two, or more browniih, round , and 
 hairy ftalkes,a fpan high or thereabouts, bearing at the toppes three or foure flowers a 
 peece confifting of flue large pointed leaues, of a faireblew or light azut colour, with 
 fome fin all yellow threads in the middle , Handing in fmall greene cups : the roote is 
 long and browniih, hauing many fmall fibres annexed vnto it, 
 
 10. AuricuU yrfl miter flare alio. The great white Beares eare. 
 
 This white Beares care hath many faire whitifh greene leaues, fomewhat paler then 
 the leaues ofany of the kindes of Beares eares, and a little fnipt about the ends, as ma- 
 nie other are : among thefe leaues rife vp ftalkes foure or fiue inches high , bearing at 
 the toppe many flowers like vnto the fmall yellow Beares eare hereafter fet downe,of 
 a pale whitifh colour, tending to yellow at the firft opening oft he flower, which after 
 two or three dayes change into a faire white colonr, and fo continue all the while it 
 flowreth : the roote is like the purple kinde , as all or moll of the reft are , or very 
 little differing. 
 
 1 1 . AuricuU yrfl miner flere Me. The leffer white Beares eare. 
 
 The leffer Beares eare hath fmaller leaues, of a little darker green colour : the ftalke 
 and flowers are likewife leffer then the former, andhaue no Ihewof yellowneffe at 
 all, eyther in budde or flower, but is pure white, differing not in other things from 
 
 the reft. , . . , , 
 
 II. Auricula Vrfl maxima lutet flore eleganti. 
 
 The greateft faire yellow Beares care with eyes. 
 
 This yellow Beares eare hath many faire large thicke leaues, fomewhat mealy or 
 hoary vpon the greenneffe, being larger then any other kinde, except the fixth,and the 
 next yellow that followeth, fmooth about the edges, and without any endenting at all: 
 the ftalke is great, round, and not higher then in other of the former, but bearing ma- 
 nie more flowers thereon then in any other kinde, to the number of thirty many times, 
 ftandingfo round and dole together, that they feeme tobeaNofegay alone, of the 
 fame falhion with the former, but that the leaues are (horter and rounder, yet with a 
 notch in the middle like the reft, of a faire yellow colour, neither very pale nor deepe, 
 with a white eye or circle in the bottome , about the middle of euery flower , which 
 giueth it the greater grace : the feede is of a blackilh browne colour, like vnto others, 
 but contained in greater round heads then any other, with a fmall pointell flicking in 
 the middle : the roote is greater and thicker then any other, with long firings or fibres 
 like vnto the other forts, but greater. 
 
 1 3 . Auricula yrfl maior lutea folio in caao.The greater yellow Beares eare. 
 
 This greater yellow Beares eare hath his leaues larger, and more mealy or hoarie 
 then the laft, or any other of thefe kindes : the flowers are not fo many,but longer, and 
 not fo thicke thrufting together as the firft, but of a deeper yellow colour,without any 
 eye or circle in the middle. 
 
 14. Auricula yrfl maior flore faUido . The great Straw coloured Beares eare. 
 
 This hath almoft as mealy leaues as the laft, but nothing fo large j the flowers are 
 of a faire ftrawe colour, with a white circle at the bottome of them , thefethree lift 
 haue no (hew er lhadow of any other colour in any part of the edge , as fome others 
 that follow haue. 
 
 I y, Auricula 
 
he (garden of pie i) ant t lovers. 
 
 i s . AuricuU yrft minor flore policy te. The Idler ftraw coloured Beares earc. 
 
 We haue another, whofe leafe is Idle mealy,or rather pale green, and a little mealy 
 withall ; the flowers whereof are of a paler yellow colour then the laft,audbeareth *1- 
 moft as many vpon a ftalke as the firft great yellow. 
 
 x 6. AuricuU P'rfl miner luteo. The leffer yellow Beares eares. 
 
 The leaues of this Beares eare are nothing fo large as either of the three former yel- 
 low kindes, but rather of the bignefle of the firft white kinde, but yet a little larger, 
 thicker, and longer then it,hauing vnder the greennefle a fmall lhew of mealincfle,and 
 fomewhatfnipt about the edges: the flowers are of a pale yellow colour, with a little 
 white bottome in them : the feed and rootes are like vnto the other kindes. 
 
 17. Auricula V rfi flere fUuo. The deepe yellow or Cowflip Beares eare. 
 
 This kinde hath fomewhat larger leaues then the laft, of a yellowifli greene colour 
 without any mealinefle on them, or endenting about the edges,but finooth and whole: 
 the flowers are not larger but longer, and not laide open fo fully as the former but of 
 as deepe a yellow colour as any Cowflip almoft, without any circle in the bottome: 
 neither of thefe two laft haue any fhew of other colour then yellowin thcm, fauing 
 .the white in the eye. 
 
 18. Auricula V rfi verflcolor frimt flue flore rubefeente. The blufb Beares eare. 
 
 The blulh Beares eare hath his leaues as large, and as hoary or mealy as the third 
 greater yellow, or ftraw coloured Beares care ; among which rifeth vp a ftalke about 
 foure inches high, bearing from fix to twelue, or more faire flowers, fomewhat larger 
 then the fmaller yellow Beares eare before defcribed,hauing the ground of the flower 
 of a darke or dunne yellow colour, fhadowed ouer a little with a fhew of light purple, 
 which therefore we call a blufli colour , the edges of the flower being tipt with a little 
 deeper fhew of that purple colour, the bottome of the flower abiding wholly yellow, 
 without any circle, and is of very great beauty, which hath caufed me to place it in the 
 forefront of the variable coloured Beares eares. And although fome might thinke it 
 fhould be placed among the firft rankc of Beares eares, becaufe it is of a blufli colour 
 yet feeing it is afTuredly gained from fome of die yellow kindes by flowing the feeder 
 as many other forts are, as may be feene plainly in the ground of the flower , which is 
 yellow, and but fliadowed ouer with purple, yet more then any of the reft that follow- 
 1 thinke I hauegiuen it his right place:lec others of skill & experience be iudges herein. 
 
 1 9. AuricuU rrflerinis eoloru.Hzhe coloured Beares eares. 
 
 The leaues of this kinde are more mealy like then the laft blufli kinde, but fomewhat 
 longer and larger, and fnipt about the edges in the fame manner , from the middle of 
 the leafe forwards : the flower is vfually of a fine light browne yellow colour , which 
 wee doe vfually call an Haire colour, and fometimes browner, the edges of the flower 
 haue a fhew or fliadow of a light purple or blufli about them , but more on the outfide 
 then on the infide. 
 
 10. Auric ulxKrfl verflcolor lutea. The yellow variable Beares eare. 
 
 This variable Beares eare hath his greene leaues fomewhat like vnto the deepe yej. 
 low, or Cowflip Beares eare before deferibed, but fomewhat of a frefher greene,morc 
 fliining and fmaller, and fnipt about the edgestowards the ends, as many of thofe be- 
 fore are: the flowers are of a faire yellow colour, much laid open when it is full 
 blowne, that it feemeth almoft flat, dafht about the edges onely with purple, being 
 more yellow in the bottome of the flower, then in any other parr. 
 
 31. AuricuU 
 
z4° 
 
 The (jar den of flea) ant F loafers. 
 
 si. Auricula prfiver ficolor lutefccnte viridi flore. The variable green Beares eare. 
 
 This kindeof Beares eare hath greene leaues, very like vnto the laftdefcribed, and 
 fnipt in che like manner about the edges, but in this it diftereth, that his leaues do turne 
 or fold themfclues a little backwards : the Hovers areof a yc-llowifh greene colour, 
 more clofed then the former, hauing purpiiili edges , efpecially after they haue Hood 
 blownefome time, and hatte little or noneatthehrft opening : thcfehaueno circles at 
 aliinthem. 
 
 Many other varieties are to be found, with thofe that are curious conferuerS of thefe 
 delights of nature, either naturally growing on the monntaincs in feuerall places, 
 from whence they (being fearched out by diuers) haue been taken and broughr,or elfe 
 raifed from the feede of fome of them, as it is more probable : for feuerall varieties 
 haue beene obferued (and no doubt many of theie before fpecified) to bee gotten by 
 fo wing of the feedes, euery yeare lightly (hewing a diuerfity, not obferued before, ei- 
 ther in the leafe, diuers from that from whence it was taken, or in the flowers. I haue 
 ©nely fet do wne thofe that haue come vnder mine owne view,and not any by relation, 
 euen as I doe with all or moft of the things contained in this worfce. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 Many of thefe goodly plants growe naturally on mountaines , ■ efpecially 
 the Alpes, in diuers places ; for fome kindes that growe in fomc places, doe 
 not in others, but farrediftant one from the other. There hath likewife 
 fome beene found onthe Pyrenaean mountaines, but thatkinde with the 
 blew flower and Borage lcafe, hath beene gathered onthe mountaines in 
 Spaine, and on the Py renatans next vnto Spaine. 
 
 The Time, 
 
 They all flower in Aprilland May, and the feede is ripe in the end of 
 June, orbeginning of luly, and fometimesthey will flower againe in the 
 end ofSummcr, or in Autumne, if the yeare proue temperate, moift, and 
 rainie. 
 
 The Names, 
 
 It is very probable, that none of thefe plants were euer knowne vnto the 
 ancient Writers, becaufe we cannot be affiired, that they may be trucly re- 
 ferred vnto any plant that they name, vnldfe webeleeuc Fabius Columna, 
 that it fhould be -Als[mi of Diofcorides , for thereunto hee doth referre it. 
 Diuers of the later Writers haue giuen vnto them diuers names , euery one 
 according to his owne conceit. For Gefner calleth it Lunaria arthritica , 
 and Paralytica Alpina. Matthiolus accounteth it to bee of the kindred of the 
 Sanides, and faith, thatin his time it was called by diuers Herbarifts, Auri- 
 cula rrfi, which name hath fince bin receiued as moft vfuall. We in Englifh 
 call them Bearcs cares, according to the Latine, or as they arc called by di- 
 uers women, French Cowflips; they may be called Mountaine Cowflips, 
 if you will, for to diftinguilh betweene them and other Cowflips, whereof 
 thefe are feuerall kindes. 
 
 Sanicnla Alpina puecortufa Mi tthioli. Rates eareSanide. 
 
 1 cannot chufe but infert this delicate plant in the end of the Beares eares, for that it 
 is of fonearejffinity, although it differ much in the forme of theleaues, thedeferip- 
 tion whereof is in this manner: The leaues that fpring vp firft are much crumpled, and 
 as it were folded together, which afterwards open themfelues into fairr, broad , and 
 roundifh leaues, fomew hat rough or hairy, not onelycut into fine diuifions, but fonic- 
 what notched alfoaboudhe edges i of a darkc greene colour on the vpperfide, and 
 s more 
 
T be garden of plea) ant t towers. 24 
 
 more whitifhgrcenevnderncath |7mongft thefeleaues rifeth vp one or two naked ~ 
 round ftalkes fiue or fix inches high, bearing at the toppes diuers fmall flowers fome- 
 what fweete, like vnto the firft purple Beares eare, hanging downe their heads confi 
 fling of hue fmall pointed leaues a peece, of a darke reddilh purple colour with a 
 white circleor bottomein thcmiddle,andfomefmall threads therein : afterthe flow 
 ers are pad, there come fmall round heads , fomewhat longer then any of the Beares 
 cares {landing vpright vpon their fmall foot-ftalkes, wherein is contained fmall round 
 and blackilh feedc : the roote confifteth of a thicketuftof fmali whitilh threads ra- 
 ther then rootes, much enterlaced one among another: the leaues of this plant dve 
 downe euery ycare, and fpring vp a new in the beginning of the yeare, whereas all the 
 Beares earesdoe hold their leaues greeneaU the VVinter, cfpecially the middlemoft 
 Which Hand like aclofe head, the outermoft for the moft part periling after feed time! 
 
 The Place. 
 
 This groweth in many lhadowie Woodsbothef Italy and Germany 
 for both Clufius bathdcfcribcdit, findingit in the Woods of Auflria and 
 Stiria ; and Matthiolusfetteth it downc,hauing receiucd it from Anthonius 
 Cortufus, who was Prelldentofthe Garden at Padua, and found it in the 
 woody mountaines of Vicenza, neare vnto V illeftagna , whereon (asMat- 
 thiolus faith)there is found both with white flowers as well as with blew 
 but fuch with white flowers or blew we ncucr could fee or hcare further of! 
 
 •j , 
 
 The Time. 
 
 It flowreth much about the time of the Beares cares , or rather a little la- 
 ter, and the feede is ripe with them. 
 
 < 
 
 The Names. 
 
 Clufius calleth it Stnictth mouuao, and StnicuU Alpini , and referreth it 
 to the AuricuU Krfi, or Beareseare, which it doth moft nearly referable- 
 but Matthiolus referreth it to the C*riofbyU*u or Autns , making it to be of 
 that tribe or family, and calleth it Corfu/* of him that firft fent it him. Wee 
 may call it ey ther Corfu/, as for the moft part all Herbarifts doe , or Beares 
 eare Sanicle as Gerrard doth. 
 
 ThcVertues. 
 
 All the forts of Beares cares are Cephalicall, that is, conducing helpe for 
 the paints in the head , andforthegiddinefle thereof, which may happen 
 eyther by the fight of fteepe places fubieift to danger, oretherwife. They 
 are accounted alfo to be helping for the Palfey , and fluking of the ioynts . 
 and alio as a Sanicle or wound- herbe. The leaues of the Corfu ft rafte a lit- 
 tie hot 3 and if one of them bee laide whole , without bruifing . on the 
 cbeekeof any tender skind woman, it will raife an orient red colour as if 
 fome fucui had becne laide thereon, which will paffe away without any 
 manner of harme, or marke where it lay : This is Cortufus hisobferua- 
 tion. Camerariusin hisHortu Ucdkm faith, thwaaoyle is made thereof, 
 that is admirable for to cure wounds# 
 
 1* 
 
 
 X 
 
 Chi»; 
 
The (jar den of plea) 'ant t lowers. 
 
 Z4-1 
 
 Chat.XXXV. 
 
 trimula verh dr Paralyfis. Primrofes and Cowflips. 
 
 W E hauc fo gicat Variety oFPrimrofesand Cowflips of our owne Country 
 breeding, that (hangers being much delighted with them, hauebeene 
 often furnifhed into diuers Countries, to their good content : And that I 
 may fet them downein forne methodicallmanncr 4 asl hauc doneother things, I will 
 firft let downe all the forts of rhofe we call Primrofes, both Angle and double, and af- 
 terwards the Cowflips with their diuerficies, in as ample manner as my knowledge 
 can direit me. Andyetlknow,thattiienameof Primula veris or Primrofe , is indiffe- 
 rently conferred vpon thofe that I diftinguifli for Partlyfcs or Cowflips. I doe there- 
 fore for your better vndcrftanding of my diftindtion betweene Primrofes and Cow- 
 flips, call thofe onely Primrofes thatcarry but oneflowefvpon a ftalke, be they fingle 
 or double, except that of Walter Heskct, and that with double flowers many vpon a 
 ftalke, fet out in Gerards Herball, which is his onely, not found (as I thinkc)/» rerum 
 natura , I am fure , fuch a one I could neUer hedre of : And thofe Cowflips, that beare 
 many flowers vpon a ftalke together conftantly,be they Angle or double alfo. I might 
 otherwife diftinguifli them alfo by the lsafe 5 that all the Primrofes beare their long 
 and large broad yellowifh greene lcaues , without llalkes mod vfually ; and all the 
 Cowflips hauefmall ftalkesvnder the lcaues, which are Anallcr, and of 2 darker 
 greene, as vfually , but chat this diftindtion is neither focertaine and generali, nor fo 
 well knownc. 
 
 i . Primula neris Jen allo.Tht Angle white Primrofe. 
 
 ThePrimrofe that groweth vndereuery bulhor hedge, in all or moft of the Woods, 
 Groucs, and Orchardsof this Kingdome, I may well leaue to his wildc habitation, 
 being not fo fit fora Garden, and fo well knowne, thatlmcanenotto giue you any 
 further relation thereof : But we haue a kin de hereof which is fome what fmaller, and 
 beareth milke white flowers , without any (hew of yellowndfe in them , and is more 
 vfually brought into Gardens for the rarity, and differeth not from the wilde or ordi- 
 nary kinde, cither in roote or leafe,orany thing elfe, yet hailing thofe yellowfpots, 
 but fmaller, and not fo deepe, as are in the other wilde kinde. 
 
 2 . Primula veris flere viridi flmplici. The Angle greene Primrofe. 
 
 The Angle greene Primrofe hath his leaues very like vnto the greater double Prim- 
 rofe, but fmaller, and ofa faddergreene colour: the flowers (land (eucrally vpon long 
 foot-ftalkes, as the firft fingle kinde doth, but larger thenthey, and more laideopcn, 
 of the fame, or very neare the fame yellowifh greene colour that the huske is of, fo that 
 at the firft open ing, t he huske and the flower feerae to make one double greene flower, 
 whichafrerwards feparatingthemfelues, the fingle flower groweth aboue the huske, 
 and fpreadeth it felfe open much more then any other fingle Primrofe doth, growing 
 in the end to be of a paler greene colour. 
 
 3. Primula veris flore viridante & alio flmplici. 
 
 The fingle greene and white Primrofe. 
 
 The leaues of this differ in a manner nothing from the former, ncitherdothrhe 
 flower but only in this, that out of the large yellowifh green huskes, which contain the 
 flowers of the former, there commeth forth out of rhemiddleof each of them either 
 a fmall peece of a whitifh flower,<?r elfe a larger, lometimes making vp a whole flower, 
 like ah ordinary Primrofe. 
 
 4. Primula veris flore viridi duplici. The double greene Primrofe. 
 
 This double Primrofe is in his leaues fo like the former fingle greene kindes, that 
 
 the 
 
The Qarden offlleafant Flowers, 
 
 HI 
 
 t Trimula Verio flort albo.Tbe white Pnmrofc. 2 Primula vnu fitre viridi <Jr «Cfn and wbjte Primrofe. j PtintJaveru fltrovtriil 
 
 ApbVi /The double green Pnmrofe. 4 Primulaverii Hetkjti. Mailer Heskcts doable Primrefe. * Pr mulator» flore t>leno yu/gar». The ordinary 
 Rouble Primrofc. 6 Paratjfs veru flort viridante fimplici , The frngle orecnCowfljp. >7 Taraljfli for* geminato ederatt Double Cowflfpjerhofeia 
 hofe. 8 1 Taraljfls tnodora flore geminat o.Douhle Oxclips bofc in hofr. 9 Parahfls flote & cahcefriff>t.Cut\d Cowflip* orGasfcins. IO T arahfia 
 minor angnffi folia flirt rulrro. R.cd Birds cycn. it Taralyfu hirttnfli flore pUr.tvH^atn.Donble Paigles. it Tara/yfitfatua.lhefoofilhCoyimp^ 
 orlaekcatfApeioahoift bacJte f -fj Taraljfli flirt viridi rofeo ealamiflratt. The double gre«u» featfeerj^ C$55 
 
 
244 c / be (garden of f leaf ant Flowers. 
 
 the one cannot be kno wne from the other vntill it come to flower, and then it beareth 
 vpon euery ftalke a double green flower, of a little deeper green colour then the flower 
 of the former (ingle kinde confiding but of two rowes of (hort leaues mod vfually, 
 and both of an equall height aboue the huskejabiding a pretty time in flower, efpeci- 
 ally if it dand in any (hadoWed place,or where the Sun may come but a while vnto it. 
 
 5 . PrimuU veris Heshti flore multiplici feparatim diuifo. 
 
 Mader Heskets double Primrofe. 
 
 Matter Heskets .double Primrofe is very like vnto the fmall double Primrofe 
 both in leafe, roote, and heigth of growing, the ftalke not riling much higher then it* 
 but bearing flowers in a farre different manner ; for this beareth not only Angle flowers 
 vpon (euerall (hikes, but fomtimes two or three fingleflowers vpon encftalk and alfo 
 at the fame time a bigger ftalke, and fomewhat higher, hauing oncgrecnehuskeatthe 
 toppe thereof, fometimes broken on the one fide, and fometimes whole, in the middle 
 whereof ftandeth fometimes diuers Angle flowers, thruft together,euery flower to be 
 feene in his proper forme, and fometimes there appearc with feme whole flowers o- 
 thers that are but parts of flowers, as if theflowerswercbrokeninpeeces,andthruft 
 intoonehuske, the leaues of the flowers (beingof a white or pale ;Primrofe colour 
 but a little deeper) feldome riflng aboue the height of thevery hus'ke itfelfe . and 
 fometimes, as I haue obferued in this plant, it will haue vpon the fame ftalke, that bea- 
 reth fuch floweisasl hauc here deferibed vnto you, a fmall flower or two, making the 
 ftalke feeme branched into many flowers, whereby you may perceiue, that it will vary 
 into many formes, not abiding conftant in any yeare, as all the other forts doe/ 1 
 
 6. Primal a bortenfis flore pleno vulgarie. The ordinary double Primrofe. 
 
 The leaues of this Primrofe are very large, and like vnto the Angle kind, but fome- 
 what larger, becaufe it groweth in gardens : the flowers doc (land euery one feuerallv 
 vpon (lender long footeftalkes, as the Angle kinde doth, in greenifh huskes of a pale 
 yellow colour, like vnto the fleld Primrofe, but very thicke and double, and of the 
 fame fweete lent with th:m. 
 
 7 . Primula veris flore duplici. The fmall double Primrofe. 
 
 This Primrofe is both in leafe, roote,and flower, altogether like vnto the laft double 
 Primrofe, butthat itisfmallerinallthings 5 for theflower rifeth not aboue two or 
 three Angers high, and but twice double, that is, with two rowes of leaues vet of 
 the very fame Primrole colour that the former is of. ’ 3 
 
 8 . Paralyfls vulgarii pratenfis flore flauoflmplki odorato. 
 
 The Common field Cowflip. 
 
 • T^ C c C ?j nrn0 l 1 Cowflip Imight well forbeare to fetdowne, being foplentifull 
 
 a the fields : bur becaufemany take delight in it, and plant it in their gardens Iwill 
 giue you the defcripnon of it here. It hath diuersgreen leaues, very like vnto the wilde 
 1 nmrole, but (horter, rounder, differ, rougher, morecrumpledaboutthe edges and 
 of a faddergreene colour, euery one Handing vpon his ftalke, which is an inch or two 
 long : among the leaues rife vp diuers roundftalkes, afoote ormorehigh bearineat 
 the toppe many faire yellow Angle flowers, with fpots of a deeper yellow, at the but- 
 tome of each leafe, duelling very fweete. The rootes are like to the other Primrofcs 
 hauing many fibres annexed to the great roote. y 
 
 9. Par aljfls altera odor ataflore pallido polyanthos. The Primrofe Cowflip. 
 
 The leaues of this Cowflip are larger then the ordinary fielde Cowflip and of a 
 datke yellowiff greene colour : the flowers are many (landing together,’ vpon the 
 toppes 01 the (hikes, to the number of thirty fometimes vpon one ftalke, ’as I haue 
 counted them in mine owne Garden, and fometimes more, euery one hauing a longer 
 
The (garden of pleafant Flavcets . 245 
 
 foote ftalkethen the former, and of as palea yellowifti colour almoft as the flelde 
 Primrofe, with yellow fpotsau the bottomeof the leaues, as the ordinary hath, and of 
 asfweecafent. 
 
 1 o . P inly fu flore viridante flmtlici. f he Angle greene Cowflip. 
 
 There is little difference iri leafe or roote of this from thefirft Cowflip, the chicfeft 
 varietie in this kinde is this, that the leaues are fomewhat greener, and the flowers be- 
 ing in all refpe&s like in forme vnto the firft kinde, but fomewhat larger, are of 
 the fame colour with the greene buskes, or rather a littleyellower, and of a very 
 fmall fent ; in all otherthings I finde no diuerfitie, but that it ftandeth much longer in 
 flower before it fadeth, efpecially if it Hand out of theSunne. 
 
 -v/d! - : 
 
 1 1. Paralyfu flore drctlici crifpo. Curl'd Cowflips or Gallegaskins. 
 
 j. <■ 
 
 There is another kinde, fvhofe flowers are folded or crumpled at the edges, and the 
 huskes of the flowers bigger than any of the former,more fwelling out in the middle 
 as it were ribbes, and crumpled on the fides of the huskes, which doe fbmewhaf 
 referable mens hofe that they did weare, and tooke the name of Gallegaskins from 
 thence. 
 
 1 2 . Paralyfls flirt geminato odorato. 
 
 DoubleCowflipsonewithinanother, orHofeinHofe. 
 
 ■ ' .7 -ilo'iv/ v : !Of; a ; . l;».u ,‘f " f 
 
 The only difference of this kinde from the ordinary field Cowfli p is, that it beareth 
 one fingle flower out ofanother, whichisas agreenchuske, of the like fent that the 
 firft hath, or fomewhat weaker. 
 
 - ■ . -“I nci • ‘ ^ '• : • ■ ■ - ' 
 
 1 3 . Paralyfis flore flaao fimplici inodoro abfcjue calkibut. Single Oxelippes. 
 
 Thiskindeof Cowflip hath leaues much like the ordinary kinde, but fomewhat 
 fmaller : the flowers are yellow likethe Cowflip, butfmaller,ftanding manyvpon 
 a ftalke, but bare or naked, that is, without any hnske to containe them, hauingbut 
 little or no fent at all 5 not differing in any thing clfe from the ordinary Cowflip. 
 
 14. Paralyfis flori geminato inodora. Double Oxclips Hofe in Hofe. 
 
 r ‘ c " ‘ ' 1 * v 
 
 As the former double Cowflip had his flowers one within another, in the very like 
 manner hath thiskindeof Cowflip orOxelippe, fauing thar this hath no husketo 
 containe them, no more then the former fingle Oxelippe hath, ftanding bare or naked, 
 of the very fame bigneffe each of them,andofthcfamedeepeyellowcolour withir, 
 hauing as fmall a fent as the former likcwife. 
 
 W ec haue another of this kinde, whofe leaues are fomewhat larger, and fo are the 
 flowers alfo, but of a paler yellow colour. 1 
 
 15. Paralyfis inodora calicibus tlijfeftis. Oxelips with iagged huskes. 
 
 This kinde differeth not from the firft Oxelip in the fmalneflc of the greene leaues 
 but in the flower,which ftanding many together on a reafonable high ftalke, and being 5 
 very fmall andyellow,fcarce opening them fellies or layde abroadeas it,hath a greene 
 huskevnder each flower, but diuided into fixe feucrall fmall longpeeces, 
 
 16. Paralyfis flere fatm, The Frantickc, or Foolifh Cowflip : 
 
 Or Iackeanapesoahorfebacke. 
 
 Wee haue in our gardens another kinde, not much differing in leaues from the for- 
 merCowflip, and is called Fantafticke or Foolifh, bccaufeitbearethatthetoppeof 
 theftalkeabufb or tuft of fmall long greene leaues, with fome yellow leaues, asit 
 were pecces of flowers broken, and ftanding among the greene leaues. And fometimes 
 
 X 3 fome 
 

 1^.6 ¥ he (jar den of pleajant Flowers. 
 
 fome ftalkes among thofe greene leaues atthetoppe (which are a little larger then 
 when it hath but broken peeces of flowers) doe carry whole flowers in huskes like the 
 Gnglc kinde. 
 
 17. Ftrtlyfls minor flore rubre. Red Birds eyes. 
 
 This little Cowflippe(which will hardly endure in our gardens, for allthccare and 
 induftrie wc can vfe to keep." it) hath all the Winter long, and vntill the Spring begin 
 to come on, hisleaues fo cioied together, that it feemeth a fmall whitehead of leaues, 
 which afterwards opening itfejfe, fpreadeth round vpon the ground, and hathfmali 
 longandnarrow leaues, fnipt about the edges, of a pale greene colour on the vppen- 
 fide,& very white or mealy vnderneath, among thefe leaues rife vp one or two ftalkfc, 
 fmall & hoary ,halfe a foot high,bearing at the top abulh or tuft of much fmaller flo w- 
 ers,ftanding vpon limit foot ftalkes. fomewhat like vnto Cowflips,but more like vnto 
 the BeareS eares,of a fine reddifh purple colour, in fome deeper, in others paler, with a 
 yellowifti circle in the bottomes of the flowers, like vnto many of the Beares eares, of 
 a faint or fmall fent : the feede is fmaller than in any of the former kindes, and fo ard 
 thcrootes likewife, being fmall, white and threddy. 
 
 . v, :.■! :■ . .-;t 
 
 18. Partly lit miner flere tilt. White Birds eyes. ill 
 
 This kinde differeth very little or nothing from the former , fauing that it feemeth 
 a little larger both in leaf e and flower , and that the flowers hereof are wholly white. 
 Without any great appearance of any circle in the bottome of them , vnlefle it be well 
 obferued, or at leaft being nothing fo confpicuous, as in the former. 
 
 Tlnutmmte. Thel ~ e two kindcs haue fometimes , but very feldome , from among the middle of 
 the flowers on the ftalke,fent outanother fmall ftalke, bearing flowers theron likewife. 
 
 19. Ptrtlyfis hortenfls flore pleno. Double Paigles or Co wflips. 
 
 The double Paigle or Cowflip hath fmaller and darker greene leaues then the fin- 
 gle kinde hath, and longer ftalkes alfo whereon the leaues doe ftand : it beareth diuers 
 flowers vpon a ftalke, but not fo many as the Angle kinde, euery one whereofisofa 
 deeper and fairer yellow colour then any of the former, (landing not much aboue the 
 brimmes of the huskes that hold thera 3 .confiding of two or three rowes of leaues fet 
 round together, which maketh it (hew very thicke and double, of a prettie fmall fent, 
 but not heady. 
 
 20. Ptrtlyfis flere viridtnfe fleno. Double greene Cowllips. 
 
 This double greene Cowflip is folike vnto the (ingle greene kinde formerly ex- 
 preffed, that vntill they be neare flowring, they can hardly be diftinguiftied: but when 
 it is in flower, it hath large double flowers , of the fame yellowifli greene colour with 
 the (ingle, and morelaid openthen the former double Paigle. 
 
 2 1 . Ptralyfls flore viridante flue calamiJlnto. 
 
 The greene Rofe Cowflip, or double greene feathered Cowflip. 
 
 There is fmall difference in the leaues of this double kinde from thelaft, but that 
 they are not of fo darke a greene: the chiefeft difference confifteth in the' flowers 
 whichare many, (landing togetherat the toppesofthe ftalkes, but farre differing from 
 allother of thefe kindes : for euery flower (landing vpon his owne ftalke, is conTpofed 
 of many very fmall and narrow leaues, without any husketo containethem , buc 
 fpreading open like a little Rofe, of a pale yellowifli greene colour, and withoutany 
 fent at all, abiding in flower, efpecially if it ftand in a (hadowie place out of the firnne 
 aboue two moneths, almoft in as perfedt beauty, as in the firft weeke. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 All thpfc kindes as they hauebeen found wilde, growing in diuers places 
 
 in 
 
jT be ( garden of plea) ant t loiters. 
 
 in England, fo they haue been tranfplanted into Gardens, to be there nouri- 
 flied for the delight of their louers, where they all abide, and grow fairer 
 then in their naturali places , except the fmall Birds eyes , which will (as I 
 faid) hardly abide any culture, but groweth plentifully in all the North 
 Countries, in their fqually or wet grounds. 
 
 t The Time. 
 
 Thefedoeall flower in the Spring of theyeare, fome earlier and forhe 
 later,and fome in the midft of Winter, as they are defended from the colds 
 and frofts, and the mildneffe of the time will permit : yet the Cowflips doe 
 alvvayes flower later then the Primrofes > and both the (ingle and double 
 greene Cowflips lateft, as I faid in their deferiptions, and abide anuch after 
 all the reft. 
 
 rndtiw 1 : ngrt ■ 
 
 , The Names. 
 
 All thefe plants are called moft vfually in Latine, Primula verit, Primula 
 pratenfis, and PrimuUJilnarum, becaule they (hew by their flowring the new 
 Spring to bee camming on, they being as it were the firft Embaffadouts 
 thereof. They haue alfo diuers other names, as Herb* Paralyfis, rthritica 
 Herb* San eh Petri, Claues Saudi Petri, Herbafculum odoratum, Lunaria arthri- 
 tica, Phlomis , Ahfma pluar um , and Altfmattt alterum genus , as Fabius Co- 
 lumna calleth them. The Birdseyes are Called of Lobel in Latine, Paraly- 
 tica Alpina , Sanicula anguHtfolt* , making a greater and a leffer. Others call 
 them Sanicula angujlifolta, bur generally they are called Primula verts minor . 
 I haue (as you fee) placed them with the Cowflips , putting a difference be- 
 tweene Primrofes and Cowflips. Andfome haue diftinguifhed them , by 
 callingthe Cowflips* that is, the Taller Primrofe'and 
 
 the other Humilia, Lowe or Dwarfe Primrofes. In Englifh they haue in like 
 manner diuers names, according to feuerall Countries, as Primrofes, Cow- 
 flips, Oxelips,Palfieworts, and Petty Mulleins. Thefirft kindes, which are 
 lowerthen the reft, are generally called by the name of Primrofes (as I 
 thinke) throughout England. Theotherare diuerfly named ; for in fome 
 Countries they call them Paigles, or Palfieworts, or Petty Mulleins, which 
 are called Cowflips in others. Thofe are vfually called Oxelips , whofe 
 flowers are naked , or bare without huskes to containe them , being not fo 
 fweeteastheCowflip,yet haue they fome little fent , although the Latine 
 name doth make them to haue none. TheFranticke,Fantafticke,orFoolifh 
 Cowflip , in fome places is called by Country people , Iacke an Apes on 
 horfe-backe, which is an vfuall name with them, giuen to many other 
 plants, as Dailies, Marigolds, &c. if they beftrangeorfanrafticall, diffe- 
 ring in the forme from the ordinary kinde of the (ingle ones. The fmalleft 
 arevfually called through all the North Country, Birds eyen, becaufeof 
 the fmall yellow circle in the bottomes of the flowers , refembling the eye 
 of a bird. 
 
 ThcVertues. 
 
 Primrofes and Cowflips arc in a manner wholly vfed in Cephalicall dif- 
 eafes, either among other herbes or flowers, or of themfelues alone, to cafe 
 paines in the head, and is accounted next vnto Betony, the beft for that pur- 
 pofe. Experience likewife hath (hewed, that they are profitable both for 
 thePalfie, and paines of theioynts, euenasthe Beares eares are, which 
 hath caufed the names of Arthritica, Paralyfts, and Paralytica , to bee giuen 
 them. The iuice of the flowers is commended tocleanfe the fpots or marks 
 of theface, whereof fome Gentlewomen haue found good experience. 
 
 Chai, : 
 
248 
 
 The (jar den of pie a /ant Hovers. 
 
 Chap. XXXVI. 
 
 Pulmwtrii. Lungwort, or Cowflips of Ierufalem. 
 
 , r A Lthoughthcfe plants are generally morevfedas Pot-herbes for the Kitchen 
 
 IX then as flowers for delight, yet becaufe they are both called Cowflips, and are 
 •*- J^oflilce forme, but of much lefle beauty, I haue ioynedthem next vnto them in 
 a diftin<a Chapter by themfelues,and fo may pafle at this time. 5 
 
 I . P*lmt*ari*mtcuUf*. Common fpotted Cowflips of Ierufalem. 
 
 The Cowflip of Ierufalem hath many rough, large, and round leaucs , but pointed 
 at the ends, (landing vpon long foot- (hikes, fpotted with many round white (pots on 
 the vppei fides of the fad greene or brownc leaucs, arid of a grayer grtene vnderneath • 
 among the leaucs fpring vp diucrsbrowneftalkes,a foote high, bearing many flowers 
 at the toppe, very nearc rcfembling the flowers of Cowflips, being of a purple or red- 
 difh colour while they are buds, and of a dai kc blewifli colour when they are blowne* 
 Handing in brownifli greene huskes, and fometimesit hath beene found with white 
 flowers: when the flowers arc part , there come vp fmall round heads, containing 
 blackcfeed : the rooteis compofedofmany long and thicke blacke firing's. ® 
 
 i.PulmentruMlurt ntomicalafaM nfpotted Cowflips of Ierufalem. 
 
 the leaues of this other kinde are not much vnlike the former, being rough as they 
 are, but fmaller,ofa fairer greene colour aboue, and ofa whiter greene vnderneath 
 without any fpots at all vpon the leaues: the flowers alfo are like the former and of 
 the fame colour, but a little more branched vpon the fialkes then the former : the 
 rootes alfo are blacke like vnto them. 
 
 3 . Palm»* aria angafiiftlu. Narrow leafed Cowflips of Ierufalem. 
 
 The leaues hereofarefomewhat longer, but not fo broad, and fpotted with whitifli 
 fpots alfoas the former :theftalke hereof is fet with thelikelong hairy leaues but 
 fmaller, being a foote high or better , bcaringat the toppe many flowers, (landing in 
 huskes like the firft, being fomewhat rcddifli in the bud, and of a darke purplifli blew 
 colour when they are blowne open : thefeedcislike the former, all ofthem doe well 
 rcfemble Buglofle and Comfrcy in mod parts , except theroote, which is not like 
 them, butftringie, like vnto Cowflips, yet blacke. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 . fhe Cowflips of Ierufalem grow naturally in the Woods of Germany 
 in diuers places, and the firft kinde in England alfo, found outbylohn 
 Goodier, a great fearchcr and louer of plants, dwellingatMaple-durhaia 
 inHamplhire. ‘ 
 
 The Time. 
 
 ApTifr flowerforthcraoft P art very early, that is, in the beginning of 
 The Names. 
 
 They aregenerally called in Latine, Pa/mmaria, and macuUft.atntnmt. 
 tultjd, is added for diftindtions fake. Of fome it is called Symphitam maca- 
 iT^hat is, fpotted Comfrcy. In Engliih it is diuerfl v called • as fpotted 
 Cowflips of Ierufalem, Sage of Ierufalem, Sage of Bethlehem, Lungwort 
 
T, be Uf arci en 0 / p lea J ant t lowers. 
 
 and fpotted Comfrey , and it might bee as fitly called fpotted Buglofle, 
 whereunto it is as like as vnto Comfrey, as I faid before. 
 
 ThcVertues. 
 
 It is much commended offorrie, to bee lingular good for vlcered lungs, 
 that are full of rotten matter. As alfo for them that fpit bloud , being boy! 
 ledanddrunke. Itisofgreateftvfeforthepoc, being generally held to be 
 good, both for the lungs and the heart. 
 
 Chap. XXXVII, 
 
 i. Buglojfum & 'Btrrage. BuglofTe and Borage. 
 
 A Lthough Borage and BuglofTe mightas fitly haue been placed, IconfcfTe, in 
 the Kitchen Garden, in regard they are wholly in a manner fpentforPhyfi- 
 call proper ties, or for the Pot, yet becaufe anciently they haue been entertai- 
 ned into Gardens of plcafure, their flowers hauing been in fome refpeift, in that they 
 haue alwaies been enterpofed among the flowers of womens needle- worke, I am more 
 willing to giuc them place here, then t hrufl them into obfeurity, and take fuch of their 
 tribe with them alfo as may fit for this place, either for beauty or rarity. 
 
 The Garden BuglofTe and Borage are fo well knowne vnto all, that I fliall (I doubt) 
 but fpend time in wafte to deferibe them ; yet not vfing to pafTe ouer any thing I name 
 and appropriate to this Garden fofleightly, they are thus to bee knowne : BuglofTe 
 hath many long, narrow, hairy, or rough fad greene leaues, among which rife vp two 
 or three very high ftalks, branched atthetop, whereon Hand many blew flowers, confi- 
 fting of fiue fmall round pointed leaues, with a fmall pointeil in the middle, which arc 
 very fmooth, (hining, and of a reddilh purple while they are buds , and not blowne o- 
 pen, which being fallen, there groweth in the greene huske, wherein the flower flood, 
 three or foureroundifh blacke feedes, hauing that thread or pointeil Handing ftill in 
 the middle of them : the route is blacke without, and whitifh within, long, thicke,and 
 full of flimie iuice Cas the leaues arc alfo) and pcriflicth not euery y eare, as the roote of 
 Borage doth. 
 
 t . 'Bor rags. Borage. 
 
 Borage hath broader, (horter, greener, and rougher leaues then BuglofTe, the ftalkes 
 hereof are not fo high, but branched into many parts, whereon ftand larger flowers, 
 and more pointed at the end then BuglofTe , and of a paler blew colour tor the tnoft 
 part (yet fometimes the flowers are reddifh, andfometimes purewhite) each of the 
 flowers confiding of fiue leaues , ftanding in a round hairy whitifh huske , diuided 
 into fiue parts, and haue a fmall vmbone of fiue blackifh threads in the middle,ftanding 
 out pointed at the end, and broad at the bottome: the feed is like the other ; the root is 
 thicker and fhorter then the roote of BuglofTe, fomewhat blackifh without alfo, and 
 whiti(hwithin,andperifhethafter feedetime, but rifeth of it ownefeede fallen, and 
 fpringethin the beginning oftheycare. 
 
 ■^.'Borrigofembtr virens. Euerliuiag Borage. 
 
 Euerliuing Borage hath many broad greene leaues, andfomewhat rough, more re- 
 fembling Comfrey then Borage , yet not fo largeas either ; the ftalkes are not fo high 
 as Borage, and haue many fmall blew flowers on them, very like to the flowers of 
 BuglofTe for the forme, and Borage for the colour : the rootes are blacke, thicker then 
 cither of them, fomewhat more fpreading, and nor perifhing, hauing greene leaues 
 all the Winter long, and thereupon tooke, his name. 
 
 4. Attchnp», 
 
2^o The (jar den of pie a / ant blowers. 
 
 4. Anchupi. Sea Buglofle or Alkanct. 
 
 The Sea Buglofle or A lkanet hath many long, rough, narrow , and darke greene 
 leaues, fpread vpon the ground (yet foine that growe by the Sea fide arc rather hoarie 
 and whitifh) among thefe leaues rifeth vp a ftalke, fpread at thetoppe into many bran- 
 ches, whereon (land the flowers in tufts, like vnto the Garden Buglofle, orrather 
 Comfrey,but lefler ; in fome plants of a reddidi blew colour , and in others more red 
 orpurplilh, and in others of ayellowifh colour: after which comethcfeedcs, very 
 like vnto Buglofle, butfomewhat longer and paler : the roote of moftof them be- 
 ingttanfplanted,arefomewhatblacki(hontbe outfide, vntill the later end of Sum- 
 mer, and then become more red : forthofe that grow vvilde, will be then fo red, that 
 they will giue a very deepe red colour torhofethathandlethcm, which being dryed 
 keepe that red colour, which is vied to many purpofes 5 the roote within being white, 
 and hauing no red colour at all. 
 
 y. Limonium Riusvolfij. Marfii Buglofle. 
 
 This Limonium (which I referre here to the kindes of Buglofle, as prefumlffg it is 
 the fitted place whereto infert it)hath many long,narrow,and fomewhat rotighleaues 
 lying vpon the ground, waued or cut in on both fides ,like an Indenture, fomewhat like 
 the leaues of Cererachor M.ltwafl, amongwhichrifevptwo or three (hikes, fome- 
 what rough alfo, and with thin skinnes like wings,indented on both fides thereof alfo, 
 like the leaues, hauing three fmall, long, rough , and three fquare leaues at euery ioy nt 
 where it brancheth forth ; at the toppe whereof fland many flowers vpon their foote 
 {hikes, in fuch amanner,as is not feene in any other plant, thatlknow : foralthough 
 that fome ofthe fmall winged foot flalkesare fhorter, and fome longer, (landing as it 
 were flatwife, or all on one fide, and not round like an vmbell, yet are they euen at the 
 toppe, and not one higher than another ; eachof which fmall foote ftalkes doe beare 
 foure or fiue greenifh heads or huskes, ioyned together, out of each of which doe a- 
 rife other pale or bleakc blew ftiffc huskes, as if they were flowers, made as it were of 
 parchment, which hold their colour after they are dry a long time ; and out of thefe 
 huskes likewife, doe come (at feuerall times one after another, and not all at one time 
 ortogether) white flowers, confiding of fiue fmall round leaues, withfome white 
 threds in the midd le : after thefe flowers are pad, there come in their places fmall long 
 feede, inclofed in many huskes, many of thofe heads being idle, notyeeldingany 
 good feede, but chaffe, efpecially in our Countrey , for the want of fufficient heate of 
 the Sunne, as I take it : the roote is fmall, long, and blackifh on the outfide, and perifli- 
 eth at the firfl approach of Winter. 
 
 f'lpmon: ... : r'iOi:: ; . A: . .fpic 1 , bus 
 
 The Place. 
 
 I/) ijilii :> . ■ 'f. • : r * i » ' . . j . II 
 
 Borage and Buglofle grow onely in Gardens with vs, and fo doth the 
 Semj/er virens, his originali being vnknowne vnto vs. Alkanet or Sea Eug- 
 loflegrowethneare the Sea, in many places of France, and Spaine, and 
 fome of the kindes alfo in England. But the Limonium or Marfhe Buglofle 
 groweth in Cales, and Malacca in Spaine, and is found alfo in:Syria, as 
 Rauwolfius relateth : and in other places alfo no doubt ; forithathbeene 
 fent vs ou: of Italie, many yeares before eyther Guillaume Boel found it in 
 Cales, or Clufius in Malacca. 
 
 TheTime. i 
 
 Borage and Buglofle doe flower in Inne,andluly,and fometimesfooner, 
 and fo doth the euer-liuing or neuer dying Borage,but not as Gerrard faith, 
 flowring Winter and Summer, whereupon it fliould take his name, but lea- 
 ueth flowring in Autumne, and abideth greene with his leaues all the Win- 
 ter, 
 
1 "Pulmonaria latihha macu'ofa. Cowflipi of Icrufllcm. ^ Tulmonana anrufliftha, Narrow leafed Cowfiips 
 oflcrufalem. J Borrago. Borage. 4 Btrrago femperv&tni. Hucciiuing Borage, j jinchufa. SeaBugloffe 
 or Alkanet. 6 Limonium Raumlfi}. Marfli Buglofle. 
 
 The (jar den of plea) 'ant Flowers. 
 
251 *The (jar den of pleajant Flowers. 
 
 ter, flowring the next Spring following. The other flower not vnrill Iuly, 
 and fo continue, efpecially the Marlhe Bugloffe vntill September bee well 
 fpent, and then giueth feede, if early f rods o UC rtake it not ■, for it feldome 
 commeth to be ripe. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 Our ordinary Borage by the confent of all the bed moderne Writers, is 
 the true Buglejfum of Diofcorides, and that our Bugloffe was vnkr owneto 
 the ancients. The tar age femper virens, Lobel calleth Bngiojfum femper vi- 
 rens, thatis, Euer-liuing, orgreeneBugloife : but it more refembleth Bo- 
 rage then Bugloffe 5 yet becaufe Bugloffe abideth greene, to auoyde that 
 there Ihould not be two Buglofs femper virentia, I had rather call it Borage 
 then Bugloffe. Anchufa hath diuers names, as Diofcorides fetteth downe. 
 And fome doe call it Fucas herba, from the Greeke word, becaufe the roote 
 giuing fo deepe a colour, was vfed to dye or paint the skinne. Others t «■ i ; t 
 BugitffumHifpanicun, inEnglifh Alkanet,andof fome Orchaner, after the 
 French. Limonium was found by Leonhartus Rauwolfius, neere vnto lop- 
 pa, which he fetteth downe in the fecond Chapter of the third booke of 
 his trauayles,and from him firft knowne to thefe parts : I haue, asyou fee 
 referred it to the kindes of Bugloffe, forthat the flowers haue fome refem- 
 blance vnto them, although I know that Limanium genuinum is referred to 
 theBcetes. Let it therefore here finde a place of refidencc, vntill you or I 
 can finde afitter ; andcallitasyouthinkebcft, eyther Limonium asRau- 
 wolfius doth, or Marfhe Bugloffe as I doc, or if you can adde a more pro- 
 per name, I (hall not be offended. 
 
 TheVertues. 
 
 Borage and Bugloffe are held to bee both temperate herbes, beeing vfed 
 both in the pot and in drinkes that arecordiaIl,efpecially the flowers, which 
 of Gentlewomen are candid for comfitts. The Alkanet is drying, and held 
 to be good for wounds, and if apeeceof the roote be put into a little oyle 
 of Peter or Petroleum, it giueth as deepe a colour to the oy le, as the Hype- 
 ricon doth or can to his oylc,and accounted to be Angular good for a cc. or 
 greene wound. 
 
 The Limonium hath no vfe that wee know, more then for a Garden ; yet 
 as Rauwolfius faith, the Syrians vfe the leaues as fallats at the Table. 
 
 Chap. XXXVIII. 
 
 Lychnia. Campions. 
 
 T Here bee diuers forts of Campions, as well tame as wilde, and although fome 
 of them that I (hall here entreate of, may peraduenture be found wilde in our 
 owne Countrey, yet in regard of theirbeautifull flowers, they are to bee re- 
 fpefted,and nourfed vp with the reft, to furnifh a garden of pleafure ; as for the wilde 
 kindes, I will leauc them for another difeourfe. 
 
 I. Lychnis Cerenaria rubra fimplex. T he Angle red Rofe Campion. 
 
 Thefingle red Rofe Campion hath diuers thicke, hoary, or woolly long greene 
 leaues, abiding greene all the winter, and in the end of the fpring or beginning of fum- 
 mer,fliootcth forth two or three hard round woolly (hikes, with fome ioynts t.iereon, 
 and at euery ieynt twofuch like hoary greene leaues as thole below, but (mi ller, 
 diuerfly branched at the toppe, hauing one flower vpon each feuerall long foot ftao r, 
 
 confiding 
 
The (jar den of plea) ant blowers» 
 
 confiding of fine leaues, fomewhat broadc and round pointed, of a perfect red crim- 
 fon colour, (landing out of a hard long round huske, ridged or c'rcfted in foureorfiuc 
 places ; after the flowers are fallen there come vp round hard heads, wherein is contai- 
 ned finall blackifti feed : therootcisfmall, long and wooddy, with many fibres an- 
 nexed vnto it, an d Ihooteth forth anew oftentimes, y et perifheth often alfo. 
 
 2. Lycbn'u Coronaria alba Jimplcx. The white Rofe Campion. 
 
 The white Rofe Campion is in all thingslike the red, but in the colour of the flower 
 which in this is of a pure white colour. 
 
 3. Lichnis Coronarii albefcens fine incarnati maculata dr non maculata. 
 
 The blulh Rofe Campion fpotted and not fpotted. 
 
 a 
 
 Like vnto the former alfo are thefe other forts, hauing no other difference to diftin» 
 guilh them, but the flowers, which are of a pale or bleake whitifh blufh colour, efped- 
 ally about the brims, as if a very littlered were mixed with a great deale of white 
 the middle of the flower being more white ; the one being fpotted all ouer the flower 
 with finall fpots and (treakes, the other not hauing any fpot at all. ’ 
 
 4. Lychnis Coronarii rubra multiplex. The double red Rofe Campion. 
 
 The double red Rofe Campion is inall refpedls likcvntothefinglcredkinde, but 
 that this bearcth double flowers, confiding of two or three rowes of leaues at the 
 mod, which are not fo large as the fingle, and the whole plant is more tender, that is, 
 morcapttoperilhjthenanyofthefinglekindes. ? 
 
 . ".■■It . fir; • ; .djr.'i 
 
 5 . Lychnis Chdcedonict flore flmplici miniat 0. Single Nonefuch, 
 or Flower of Bridow,or Condandnople. 
 
 This Campion of Condahtinople hath many broad and longgreenc leaues, among 
 which rile vp fundry diffe round hairy ioynted dalksthree foot high, with two leaue* 
 eueryioynt : the flowers dand at the toppes of them, vety many together, in a large 
 tuft or vmbell, confiding of flue fmall long leaues, broade pointed, and notched-in 
 in the middle, of a bright red orengc colour, which being pad, there come in their 
 places fmall hard whitifh heads or feede ve(Tels, containing blacke feede, like vnto the 
 feede of fweet Williams, and hauing but a fmall fent • the roote is very dringie,failc- 
 ning it felfe very drongly in the ground, whereby it is much encreafed. 
 
 Of the fingle kinde there is alfo two or three other forts, differing chiefly in theca* 
 lour of the flowers. Theone is purewhite. Anotheris of a blufh colour wholly, 
 withoutvariation. And a third is very variable; for at the fird it is of apalered,and 
 after a whilegroweth paler, vntill in the end it become almod fully white ; and all thefe 
 diuerfiries of the flowers are fometimes to bee feene on one ftalke atoneand thefame 
 time. . :, f 1. ; 
 
 6. Lychnis Chalcedonict flore miniato plene. 
 
 Double Flower of Bridow, or Nonefuch. 
 
 This glorious flower being as rare as it is beautifull, is forrootes beeing dringie, 
 for leaues and ftalkes being hairy and high, and for the flowers growing in rufts, al- 
 together like- the fil'd lirigle kinde : but herein confideth the chiefed difference, that 
 this beareth a larger vmbell or tuft of flowers at the toppe of the Aafke, eueryflowcC 
 confiding of three or foure rowes of leaues, of a deeper orengc colour then it,which 
 addeth the more grace vnto it, but pafTeth away without bearing feede, as snod othcf 
 double flowers doe,yct recompenceth that defe&with encreafe from the roote. 
 
 t . ,« .....’if.niJ ,; *4;' 
 
 7 . Lychnis plumarii ftlucferis flmplex dr multiplex. 
 
 The featherd wilde Campion fingleand double. 
 
 The leaues of this wilde Campion are fomewhat like the ordinary white wilde 
 
 Y Campion 
 
 
 litre alit. 
 El carnet. 
 Vcrpitln- 
 
z*4 
 
 fk 
 
 The (jar den of pleafant Flowers. 
 
 Campion, but not fo large, or rather refembling the lcaues of fweete Williams, but 
 that they grow not fo clofe , nor fo many together : the (hikes hauc fmaller leaues at 
 the ioynts then thofe belowc, and branched at the toppe, with many pale , but bright 
 red flowers, iagged or cut in on the edges, like the feathered Pinke, whereof fomc haue 
 taken it to be a kinde , and feme for a kinde of wilde William , but yet is but a wilde 
 Campion, as may be obferued, both by his huske that beareth the flowers, and by the 
 grayifh roundilh feedc, being not of the Family of Pinkes and Gillowers,but (as I faid) 
 of the Campions : the roote is full of firings or fibres. 
 
 The double kindcis very like vnto the fingle kinde, but that it is lower and fmaller 
 Ind the flowers very double. 
 
 8 . Lychnis fllueliru flore flent ruhrt. Red Batchclours buttonsi 
 
 The double wilde Campion (which of our Countrey Gentlewomen is called Bat- 
 chelours buttons) is very like both in rootes, leaues, (hikes , and flowers vnto the or- 
 dinary wilde red Campion, but fomewhat leifer, his flowers are not iagged, buc 
 fmooth, and very thicke and double, fothat mod commonly it breaketh his’ (here 
 huske, wherein the flower ftandeth on the one fide, feldome hauing a whole huske, 
 and arc of a reddifh colour. 
 
 9. LychnU fllueflru fltre tlht plene. White Batchclours buttons. 
 
 As the lcaues of the former double Campion was like vnto the fingle kindethat had 
 red flowers, fo this hath his leaues like vnto the fingle white kinde, differing in noo- 
 cher thing from it, but in the doubleneffc of the flowers, which by reafon of the multi- 
 plicity of leaues in them thrufting forth together, breaketh his huskes wherein the 
 flowers doe (land, as the other doth, and hath fcarcc one flower in many that is whole. 
 
 10. Ocymeides trheret Jemfer virens. Strange Baflil Campion. 
 
 This Strange Campion (for thereunto it rauft bee referred) (hooteth forth many 
 round, whitifh, wooddy, but brittle ftalkes,whereon (land diuers long, and fomewhat 
 thicke leaues, fet by couples , narrow at the bottorac , and broader toward rhe point, 
 of a very fairegreene and (hining colour, fothat there is more beauty in the greeae 
 leaues, which doe foalwaies abide, then in the flowers , which are of a pale red or 
 blufh colour, confiding offiuefmall long broad pointed leaues, notched in themid- 
 dle, which doe not lye clofe , but loofly as it were hanging ouer the huskes : after the 
 flowers are pad, there come heads that containc blackilh feede :the roote is final! 
 bard, white,and threadie. 
 
 ; jVllon'w ii . 1 
 
 (!. 
 
 ibfllllc&f:.., v . 
 
 I tnuft needes infert this fmall plant, to finifli this part of the Campions, whereunto 
 it belongeth, being a pretty toye to furnifh and decke out a Garden. It fpringeth vp (if 
 it haue beene once fowne and fuffered to died) in the later end of theyearemoft com- 
 monly, or elfe in the Spring with fiue or fix fmall leaues , very like vnto the leaues of 
 Pinkes, and of the fame grayifh colour , buta little broader and (horter , and when it 
 beginneth to fhoote vp for flower, it beareth fmaller lcaues on the clammy or vifeous 
 ftalkes (fit to hold any fmall thing that lightethon it) being broad at the bottome 
 compafling them, and (landing two at a ioynt one againft another : the toppes of the 
 ftalkes arediuerfly branched into feuerall parts , euery branch hauing diuers fmall red 
 flowers, not notched, but fmooth, (landing out of fmall, long, round, ftript huskes, 
 which after the flowers arc pad, containe fmall grayifh feede : the roote is fmall, 
 andperifheth after it hathgiucnfcedejbut rifeth (as is before faid) of its ownc (cede, 
 if it be fuffered to fhed. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 I ■ -rjrTTi- 1 rats. 
 
 The Kofe Campions, Flowersof Briftow, or None fuch,the Baflil Cam- 
 pion, 
 
 MufcifuU Lthelj flue 'Ben r thrum Monfpelienfium. Lobels Catch Flie. 
 
The (far den of flea! ant Flayers. 
 
 V7 
 
 I. Keiri fine Leuceium Ut cum [implex vulgare. Common Angle Wall flowers. 
 
 The common Angle Wall- flower which growethwilde abroad, and yet is brought 
 into Gardens, hath fundryfmall, narrow, long, and darke greene leaues, fet with- 
 out order vponfmall round whitifhwooddy ftalkes, which beare at the tops diuers 
 Angle yellow flowers one aboue another, euery one hauing foure leaues a pcece,and of 
 a very fweere fent : after which come long pods, containing reddilh feede : the roote 
 is white, hard and thready. 
 
 ■ ... ! raaiJ-t ui . W.:’ r-rboLns 
 
 3. Keiri fine Leucoium luteum [implex maim. The great Angle Wall flower. 
 
 . - . .... . hi '0a , ' , ■ .k-L::’ r 
 
 There is another fort of Angle Wall- flower, whofe leaues as well as flowers are 
 much larger then the former : the leaues being of a darker and Alining greene colour, 
 and the flowers ofa very deepe goldyellowcolour,andvfuallybroaderthenatwen- 
 tiefhillingpeeceofgoldcan couer : the fpike ortoppeof flowers alfo much longer, 
 and abiding longer in flower, and much fweeter likewifein fent:rhe pods for feede 
 arethickerand (horter, with afinail point attheend : thisisflower to encreafeinto 
 branches, as alfo to be encreafed by the branches , and more tender to be preferued- 
 for the hard frofts doe caufe it to perifh, if it be not defended from them 
 
 3 . Keiri [implex flore alls. White Wall-flower. 
 
 This Wall-flower hath his leaues as greene as the great kinde, but nothing fo large: 
 the flowers (land at the toppe, but not in folong a fpike, and conflftethof foure leaues, 
 ofa very white colour, nor much larger then the common kinde, and of afaintor 
 weaker fent: the pods are nothing fo great as the formergreat one: this is more eafle 
 to be propagated and encreafed alio, but yet will require fome care in defending it 
 from the colds of the Winter. 
 
 4 . Keiri flue Leucoium luteum vulgare flore pleno.Qommoa double Wall- flowers. 
 
 This ordinary double Wall- flower is in leaues and (hike very like vnto the flrft An- 
 gle kinde, but that the leaues hereof are not of fo deepe a greene colourtthe flowers 
 ftand at the top ofthe ftalkes one aboue another, as it were a long fpike, which flower 
 by degrees, the lowed: flrft, and.fo vpwards,by which it is a long tirnein flowring,and 
 is very double, ofa gold yellow colour, and very fweete. 
 
 5. Keiri flue Leucoium luteum alterum flore pleno. Pale double Wall- flowers. 
 
 Wechaue another fortof thiskindeof double Wall-flower, whofe double flow- 
 ers ftand not fpike-fafhion as the former , but more open fpread , and doe all of them 
 blowe open at one time almoft, and not by degrees as the other doth, and is of a paler 
 yellow colour, not differing in any thing elfe, except that the greene leaues hereof are 
 of a little paler greene then ir. 
 
 6. Keiri flue Leucoium luteum maim flore pleno ferruginee. 
 
 Double red Wall-flowers. 
 
 We haue alfo another fort of double Wall- flower, whofe leaues areas greene , and 
 almoft as large as the great Angle yellow kinde, or full as bigge as the leaues of the 
 white Wall-flower : theflowers hereof are not much larger then the ordinary, but arc 
 ofadarkcryellowcolourthen thegreatfingle kinde, andofamore brownilh or red 
 colour on the vnderflde of the leaues, and is as it were ftriped. 
 
 7 . Keiri pue Leucoium maximum luteum flore plene. 
 
 The greateft double yellow Wall-flower. 
 
 This great double Wall-flo wer is as yet a ftranger in England, and therefore what I 
 
 Y 3 here 
 
'■/ he (jar den of pleajant Flowers. 
 
 here write is mare vpon relation (which yet I beleeueto be molt true) then vpon fight 
 and (peculation. The leaues of this Wall- flower are as greene and as large, if not lar- 
 ger then the great fingle kinde : the flowers alfo arc of the fame deepe gold yellow 
 colour with it, but much larger then any of the former double kindes, and of as fweet 
 a fenc as any, which addeth delight vnto beauty. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 The firft fingle kind is often found growing vpon old wals of Churches, 
 and other houfes in many places of England , and alfo among rubbilh and 
 ftones. The fingle w hiteand great yellow, as well as all the other double 
 kindes, are nourfcd vp in Gardens onely with vs. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 All the fingle kindes doe flower many times intheendof Autumne, and 
 if the Winter be milde all the Winter long , but efpecially inthemoneths 
 of February, March, and April!, and vntill the heatcofthe Spring doe 
 fpend them : but the other double kindes doe not continue flowring in that 
 manner the yeare throughout,although very early fometimes,and very late 
 alfo in fomc places. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 They are called by diners names, as yield luted , Leucoium luteum , and 
 KcirijOt cheiri, by which name it is chiefly knowne in our Apothecaries 
 ihops , becaufe there is an oy le made thereof called cheinnum : In Englifh 
 they arc vfually called in thefe parts, Wall- flowers: Others doe call them 
 Bee-flowers ; others Wall-Gilloflowers, Winter- Gilloflowers, and yel- 
 low Srocke-Gilloflowers j but we haue a kinde of Stocke-Gilloflower that 
 more fitly deferucth that name,as ihall be fhewed in the Chapter following 
 
 The Vertues. 
 
 The fwectnefTe ofthe flowers caufeth them to be generally vfed in Nofe- 
 gayes, and to deckevp houfes; but phyfically they are vfed in diuers man- 
 ners: As a Conferue made of, the flowers, is vfed for a remedy both for 
 the Appoplexicand Palfie. The diftilled water helpeth well in the like 
 manner. Thcoylemadeof the flowers is heating and refoluing, good to 
 cafe paines of drained and pained finewes. 
 
 Chap. XL. 
 
 Leucoium. Stocke-Gilloflower. 
 
 T Here are very many forts of Stocke- Gilloflowers both fingle and double, fome 
 of the fields and mountaines, others of the Sea marfhesandmedowesjand 
 fome nourfcd vp in Gardens, and there preferued by feedeorflippe, as each 
 kinde isapteftto beeordered. But becaufe fome of thefe are fitter for a generali Hi- 
 fiorythen forthis our Garden ofPleafure, bothforthat diuers haue no good fent, 
 others little or no beauty , and to be entreated of onely for the variety , I (hall fpare fo 
 many of them as are not fit for this worke, and onely fet downe the reft. 
 
 I .Leucoium ftmplex fitivum diuerforum colorum. 
 
 Garden Stocke-Gillofiowers fingle of diuers colours. 
 
 Thefefingle Stocke- Gilloflowers, although they differ in the colour of their flow- 
 
I C* r ™ ar,a jjntplex. \ Single Rofe Campion. * Ljcbrm ^trtmrin rubra multiplex. The double red Rofe Campion. > ' Lich u rhn!r,^„n ; * 
 
 fZ% pS^°r C t Ch, f fl r^ °; Br ^ ow - *, -^r ^ DoW None fuch,orflowerofBnW I t^pfu^aZ. 
 
 ^ Zi Buttons. > L ^"“ /"•« //»* -V WWrc Batchelours Bauou,. 
 
 Y jr 
 
¥ be (jar den of pleafant Flowers. 
 
 pion, and the Catch Flie, haue been fent vs from beyond the Seas, and are 
 oaely nourfed vp ia Gardens with vs 5 the other Campions that are double, 
 hauebecn naturally fo found double wilde (fornoartorindultryofman, 
 that euer I could be allured of to be true, be it by neucr fo many repetitions 
 oftranfplantations, and plancticall obferuations (as I hauefaid in he be- 
 ginning of this worke) could bring any flower, Angle by nature, to become 
 double, notwithftanding many affirmations to that purpofe, butwhatfoe- 
 uer hath been found wilde to be double, nature her felfe,and not art hath fo 
 produced it)and being brought into Gardens, are there encreafed by flip- 
 ping, and parting the roote, becaufe they giuc no feede. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 All of them doe flower in the Summer, yet none before May. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 The firft kindes are called Ljcbnides fitiua, and ccrtnaru , inEnglilh ge- 
 nerally Rofe Campions. The next is called Lychnis Chtlcedcnica , and By- 
 zantina; in Englilh, of fome Nonefuch,andof others Flower of Briftow, 
 and after the Latine, Flower of Conftantinople , becaufe it is thought the 
 feede was firft brought from thence 3 but from whence the double of this 
 kinde came, we cannot tell. The names of the others of this kinde, both 
 Angle and double, are fet downe with their deferiptions. The feathered 
 Campions are called ^Armcraria prttenfis, and Flos Cuculi , and of Clulius 
 and others thought to be Odontitis Pliny. Some call them in Englilh Crow- 
 floweis, and Cuckowe-Flowers ; and fome call the double hereof , The 
 faireMaide of France. The Baffil Campions were fentoucr among many 
 other feedes out of Italy, by the name of Ocimoidcs arborea ftmpcr virens. 
 Arborea , becaufe the ftalke is more wooddyand durable then other Cam- 
 pions : And ftmpcr virens, becaufe the leaues abide greene Winter and 
 Summer. Clulius callcth it Lychnis femper vtrens , becaufe it is certainly a 
 Campion. Thelaftis diuerfly called of Authors ;Lobelcalleth \tMufci- 
 puU : Others Armcn.ru then : Dodonaeus Armcrius flos quartus. Clulius 
 Lychnu plueflru altera, in his Spanilh obferuations, and puma in his Hiftory 
 of plants , and faith , the learned of Salmantica in Spaine called it, Bc» ru- 
 brum, as Lobel faith , they of Mompclier doe alfo : and by that name I re- 
 ceiued it firft out of Italy. It hath the name of Catch Flie, of Mufcipult the 
 Latine word , becaufe the ftalkes in the hoc Summer dayes haue a ccrtainc 
 vifeous or clammy humour vpon them, whereby it calily holdeth (as I faid 
 before) whatfocuer fmall thing, as Flies, &c. lighteth vpon ic. 
 
 ThcVertues. 
 
 We know none in thefe dayes, that putteth any of thefe to any Phy ficall 
 vfe, although fome haue in former times. 
 
 Ch a p. XXXIX. 
 
 Keiri put Lcuceium luteum. Wall-flowers,or Wall Gilloflowcrs. 
 
 Here are two forts of Wall-flowers, the one fingle,the other double, and of 
 each ofthem there is likewife fome differences , as lhall be fliewed in their de- 
 feriptions. 
 
T be garden of plea /ant blotters. 
 
 J . Leucoij alterum genue, flore tum multiplici quam flmplicicxfeminio oriundum. 
 
 Another fort of Stocke gilloflowers bearing as ivell double 
 as Angle flowers from feede. 
 
 Thiskindeof Stocke gilloflower differeth neytherinformeof leaues, ftalkes, nor 
 flowers from the former, but that it oftentimes groweth much larger and taller ; fo that 
 whofoeuer Hull fee both thefe growing togetlier, fhall fcarce difeerne the difference 
 onely it beareth flowers, eyther white, red or purp!e,wholIy or entire, that is, of one 
 colour, without mixture of other colour in them (for fo much as euer I haue obferued 
 or could vnderfland by others) which are eyther Angle, like vnto the former, or very 
 rhicke and double, like vnto the next that followeth -, but larger, and growing with 
 more ftore of flowers on the long (hike. But this yoh muff vnderfland withall, that 
 thofe plants that beare double flowers, doe beare no feede at all, and is very feldome 
 cncrcafed by flipping or cutting, as the next kindeof double is : but the onely way to 
 haue double flowers anyyeare, (for this kindedyetheuery winter, for the moft parr, 
 after it hath borne flowers, and feldome is preferued) is to faue the feedes of thofe 
 plants of this kinde that beare Angle flowers, for from that feede will rife, fomethac 
 will beare Angle, and fome double flowers, which cannot bee diftinguiflied one from 
 another, I meane which will be Angle and which double, vntill you fee them in flower, 
 or buddc at the leaft. And this is the only way to preferue this kinde : but of the feed 
 of the former kinde was neuer known any double flowers to arife, and therefore you 
 malt be carefull to marke this kinde from the former* 
 
 6. Leucoium fine pleno diner forum colorum. 
 
 Double Stocke Gillowflowcrs of diuers colours. 
 
 This other kinde of Stock gilloflower that beareth onely double flowers, groweth 
 not fo great, nor fpreadeth his branches fo farre, nor arc his leaues fo large, but is in 
 all things fmaller, and lower, and yet is woody, or flirubby, like the former, bea- 
 ring his flowers in the like manner, many vpon a long ftalke, one aboue another, and 
 very double, but not fo large as the former double, although it grow infertile foyle, 
 which are eyther white, or red, or purple wholly, without any mixture, or elfc mixed 
 with fpots and flripes, as the Angle flowers of the Arft kinde, but more variably, and 
 jrfnot in all places alike, neuer bearing feede, but muft be encreafed, only by the cutting 
 of theyoungfprouresorbranches,takeninafltfeafon : this kinde periflieth not, as 
 rhe former double kinde doth, fo as it bee defended in thewinter from the extreamc 
 froftSjbut efpecially from the fnow falling, or at the leaft remaining vpon it. 
 
 7 . Leucoium faliuum luteum fore pleno. 
 
 The doubleyellow Stocke Gilloflower. 
 
 This double yellow Stock gilloflower is a ftranger in England, as far as I can learne, 
 neytherhaue I any further familiaritie with him, then by relation from Germany, 
 where it is affirmed to grow onlyinlomeof their gardens, that are curious louers of 
 thefe delights, bearing long leaues fomewhat hoary or white, (and not greene like 
 vnto the Wallflower, whereunto elfe it might be thought to be referred) like vnto the 
 Stock gilloflowers, as the ftalkes and branches alfo are, and bearing fairc double 
 flowers, of a faire, but pale yellow colour. The whole plant is tender, asthedouble 
 Stock gilloflowers arc, and muft be carefully preferued in the winter from the coldes, 
 or rather more then the laft double, left it perilh. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 T'neAnglekindes, efpecially fome of them, grow in Italic, arid fome its 
 Greece, Candy, and the Ifles adiacent, as may be gathered out of the verfes 
 in Plutarches Booke De Amore fraterno : 
 
 Inter 
 
2dz The (jar den of plea! ant Flowers. 
 
 Inter hchinoptdts vtlue, afpertm & tnterOntmm, 
 
 Inter dam trefcunt moliu Leuctu. 
 
 Which fheweth, that the foft or gentle ftocke gilloflowers doe fomcrimes 
 grow among tough orprickely Furfe and Cammocke. The other forts arc 
 only to be found in gardens. 
 
 TheTimtr. 
 
 They flower in a manner all the yeare throughout in fome places, efpe- 
 cialiyfomeof the (ingle kindes, if they (land warme, and defended from 
 the windes and cold : the double kindes flower fomctimes in A prill, and 
 inore plentifully in May, and June ; but the double of fecd,flowreth vfually 
 late, and kecpeth flowring vnto the winter, that the froftes and colde 
 Biifte i doe puli it do wne. 
 
 the Names. 
 
 It is called Leneeium, & VitU tlb* : but the name Leucoium ( Which is in 
 Hnglifh the white Violet) is referred to diuers plants 5 wecallitinEnglifh 
 generally, Stockegilloflower, (or as others doe, Stockcgillouer) to put a 
 difference betweene them, and the Gilloflowers and Carnations, which arc 
 quite of another kindred ,as (hall be fhewne in place conuenient. 
 
 TheVertucs. 
 
 Thefe hade nogreat vfe in Phyfick that I know : only fome hauc vfed the 
 leaues of the (ingle white flowred kinde with falt,to be laid to the wrefts of 
 them that haue agues, but with what good fuccelfe I cannot fay, if ir hap- 
 pen well I thinke in one (as many (uch things elfe will) it will fayle in a 
 number. 
 
 Chap. XLI. 
 
 *i. Ue/peris,pueVuU Mttrondu. Dames Violets, 
 orQuecnes Gilloflowers. 
 
 WIN 
 
 T He ordinary Dames Violets, or Quecne Gilloflowers, hath his leaues broader, 
 grcener,and (harper pointed, then the Stock gilloflowers, and a little endeuted 
 about the edges : the (hikes grow two foot high, bearing many grcenc leaues 
 vpon them, fmaller then thofc at the bottome,and branched at the toppe, bearing ma- 
 ny flowers, in (afhionrnueh like the flowers of ftocke gilloflowers, confiding of fourc 
 leaues in like mariner, but not fo large, of a faint purpliflh colour in fome, and in others 
 white, and of a pretty fwcet fenr,efpccially towards night, but in the day timclittleor 
 noneat all : after the flowers are pad, there doe comefmall long and round pods, 
 wherein is contained, in two rowes, fmalland long blacke feede : the roote is wholly 
 compofcdof dringes or fibres, which abide many yearcs, and fpringeth frcfli dalks 
 cuery yeare, the leaues abiding all the Winter. 
 
 z.Hefperu Psttneniu. Dames Violets of Hungary. 
 
 The leaues of this Violet are very like the former, butfmoother and thicker, and 
 notatall indented, orcutinpn theedges : the flowers are like the former, but of a 
 fallen pale colour, turning themfelues, andfeldomelyingplaineopen, hauing many 
 purple vcines, and dreakes running through the leaues of the flowers, of little or no 
 fent in the day time, but of a very fweete lent in the euening and morning j the feedcs 
 ate alike alfo,but a little browner.- 
 
 3 LjJtmnebU 
 
I I {eiri fiue leucoium luteum vulgare. Common Wall-flowers, i Kfiii flue Leucoiumlitteum maw /implex. The great (inglo 
 Wallflower. 3 Keiri fiue Lent oium luteum flort plene vulgtre. Ordinary double Wall-flowers. 4 J {eiri maius flere plenejcr- 
 rugini» The great double red Wall. flower, f Leucoium fativntn Jimplex* Single Ssockc-GiUoflowcr*. 6 Icmeium Uli- 
 vum Jimplex flore finale. Single ftripe Stockc-GillofUwcr*. 
 
 The (far den of plea / ant blowers. 
 
z6o ‘The (j ar den of plea/ ant t lowers. 
 
 ers,yetareinleafeand manner of growing, one lb like vnro another, that vntill they 
 come to flower, the one cannot be wellknowne that bearethred flowers,from another 
 that beareth purple ; and therforc one defcription of the plant fhall 1'tiue, with a de- 
 claration ofthefundry colours of the flowers. It rifeth vp with round whirilh woody 
 (hikes, two, three,or foure foot high, whereon arc fet many long, and not very broad, 
 foil and whitifliorgrayilligreeneleaues, lomewhar round pointed, and pasted into 
 diuers branches, at the toppes whereof grow many flowers, one aboue another, fmcl- 
 ling very fweet, confiding of foure fmall, long, and round pointed lcaues, (landing in 
 finali long huskes, which turne into long and flat pods, fometimes halfea foote long, 
 wherein is contained flat, round, reddidi feedes, with gray ifhringcs or circlesabouc 
 them, lying flat all along the middle rib of thepodonbothfides : theroote is long, 
 white,and woody, fpreading diuers way es. There is great variety in the colours of t be 
 flowers: for fome arc wholly of a pure white colour, others of a moll excellent crim- 
 fon red colour, others againcof afairered colour, but not fo bright or liueiy as the 
 other, fome alfoof a purplilhor violet colour, without any fpot, marke, or line in 
 them at all. There are againe of all thefe colours, mixed very variably , as white mixed 
 with fmall or great fpottes, drakes orlinesof pure or bright red, ordarkered, and 
 white with purple fpots and lines ; and of eyrherof them whofe flowe rs are almod 
 halfe white, and halfe red, or halfe white, and halfe purple. The red of both forts,and 
 the purple alfo, in the like manner fpotted.driped, and marked with white, differing 
 neythcr in forme, nor fubdance, in any other point. 
 
 2. Leuctium fit 'tuum albido luteum (implex. 
 
 The Angle pale yellow Stockc-Gilloflower. '*• 
 
 There is very little difference in this kind from the former, forthe manner of grow- 
 ing, or forme of leaues or flower.Only this hath greener leaucs,and pale yellow almoft 
 white flowers, in all other things alike : this is of no great regard, but only for rarity, 
 and diuerAty from the reft. 
 
 3. Leuctium Melancholicam. The Melancholick Gentleman. 
 
 This wildekinde of dockegilloflower hath larger, longer and greener leaues then 
 any of the former kindes, vneuenly gaflied orfinuated or. both edges lying on the 
 ground, anda little rough or hairy withall: from among which rife vp the ftalks,a yard 
 high or more.and hairy hkewife, bearing theron here and there fome fuch like leaues as 
 are below, but fmaller.and at the top a great number of flowers, as large or larger then 
 any of the former Angle kindes, made of 4. large leaues a peccealfo,danding in fuch 
 like long huskes, but of adarke or fullenyellowifli colour : after which come long 
 roundidi pods, wherein lye fomewhat long but rounder and greater feede then any 
 ftocke gilloflower, and nearer both in pod and feede vnto the Hefpcru or Dames Vio- 
 let : this perifheth not vfually after feede bearing, although fometimes it doth. 
 
 4. Leuctium marinum Syriacum. Leuant docke gilloflowcrs. 
 
 This kind of docke gilloflower rifeth vpatthe And with diuers long and fomewhat 
 broad leaues, a little vneuenly dented or waued on theedges, which iocontinue the 
 Arft yeare after the lowing : the dalke rifeth vp the next y care to bee two foot high or 
 more,bearing all thofe leaues on it that it Aid had, which then do grow leflc Anuated 
 or waued then before .• at the top whereof (land many flowers, made of foure leaues 
 3 peece, of a delayed purple colour, but ofa fmall fent which turne into very long and 
 narrow flat pods, wherein arc contained flat feed like the ordinary dockegilloflowers, 
 but much larger and of adarke or blackidi browne colour : the roor is white, and 
 groweth deepe, fpreading in the ground, but growing woody when it is in feede, and 
 perifheth afterwards. 
 
 y. Leuct" 
 
The (garden of plea) ant Timers. 
 
 x LeucoiumHeUnchalicum. Sullen Stotke-Gilloflowers. % Ltutnum fativum fiofe ^«.Double Stocke-Gilloflowers. $ Leu* 
 ttinm fativun flore plent vxrio. Party coloured Scocke-Gilloflowers. 4 ieucoinnt marinum Syriacum. Leuant Stocke-Gi’lo- 
 flowers, f Hefperk vulgeris. Dimes Violets or Winter Gilloflowers. 6 Lyfmutbta lutea ftliquofa Virginiam, The tree Print 1 ' 
 rofc of Virginia. 7 yioU Lunaria Jtue Betienetb. The white Sattia flower» 
 
C I be (jar den of pleajant Flowers. 
 
 26-j. 
 
 3 . LjfimtchU lutc4 filiqatja rtrgiana. The tree Primrofe of Virginia. 
 
 Vnro what tribe or kindred I might referre this plant.I haue flood long in fufpence,in 
 regard I make no mention of any other Ljfimaehia in this work : left therfore it Ihould 
 lofc all place, let me ranke it here next vnto the Dames Violets, although I confdTe 
 it hath little affinity with them. The firft yeare of the fowing the feedc it abideth 
 without any (hike or flowers lying vpon the ground, withdiuers long and narrow 
 pale »reene leaues,fpread oftentimes round almoft like a Rofe,the iargeft leaues being 
 outefmoft, and very fmall in the middle: about May thenextyearetheftalkerifeth, 
 which will be in Summer of the height of a man, and of a ftrong bigge fizealmoft to a 
 mans thumbe, round from the bottometo the middle, where tt groweth crcfted vpto 
 the toppe, into as many parts as there are branches of flowers, euery one hauinga fmall 
 leafeat the footethereof: the flowers ftand in order one aboueanother, round about 
 the tops of the ftalks, euery one vpon a ffiort foot- ftalke, confiding of foure pale yellow 
 leaues fmelling fomewhat like vnto a Primrofe, as the colour is alfo (which hath cau- 
 fed the name) and ftanding in a greene huske , which parteth it felfe at the toppe into 
 foure parts or leaues, and turne themfelues downewards, lying dole to the ftalke : the 
 flower hath fomechiues in the middle, which being paft , there come in their places 
 long and cornered pods, lharpe pointed at the vpper end, and round belo we, opening 
 at the toppe when it is ripe into fiue parts, wherein is contained fmall brownilh feed ; 
 the roote is fomewhat great at the head, andwooddy, and branched forth diuerfly, 
 which perilheth after it hath borne feede. 
 
 The two firft grow for the raoft part on Hils and in Woods, but with vs 
 in Gardens oncly. 
 
 The laft, as may be well vnderftood by the title, came out of V lrginia. 
 
 The name of Heffrru is impofed by moft Herbarifts vpon the two firft 
 plants , although it is not certainly knowne to be the fame that Theophra- 
 ftusdoth make mention of, in his fixthBooke and twenty fiue Chapter 
 tsafis plantaram .-but becaufe this hath the like effects to ftnell beftin the 
 euening, it is (as I faid) impofed vpon it. It is alfo called Viola Maria* Ma- 
 tronalia , Hjtmalii, Damafcena and MuJchatcUa : In Englilh, Dames Violets, 
 Queens Gilloflowers, and Winter Gilloflowers. 
 
 The laft hath his Latine name in the title as is belt agreeing with it , and 
 for the Englilh, although it be too foolilhlconlelTe, yet it may paflefor, 
 chistimetillafitterbegiuen,vnleffeyoupleafc to followthe Latine, and; 
 callitVirginiaLoofe-ftrife. 
 
 Ineuerknew any among vs to vie thefe kindcs of Violets in Phy ficke,al^ 
 though by reafon ofthefharpe biting tafte, Dodonams accounted the ordilf 
 nary fort to be a kinde of Rocket, and faith it prouoketh fweating, and Vr| 
 rine: and others affirme it to cut, digeft, and cleanfe tough flegme. Thfe, 
 Virginian hath not bcene vfed by any that I know, either inwardly or 1 
 
 The Place. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 They flower in May,Iune,and Iuly. 
 
 ThcNames. 
 
 The Vertues. 
 
 wardly. 
 
 Chap, 
 
 Ol 
 
The (jar den of pie at ant F letters* 
 
 i6 t s 
 
 C H A P.X L II. 
 
 Viola Lunaris fine BoWomcb. The Sattin flower. 
 
 V Nto thekindcs of Stocke-Gilloflowers I thinke fitted to adioyne thefe kindes 
 of Sattin- flowers, whereof there are two forts, one f requentenough in ail our 
 Co.mtric,thcotheris not fo common. - 
 
 l .Viola Lunaria vulgaria. The common white Sattin flower. 
 
 The firft ofthefe Sattin flowers, which is the moft common , hath his Ieaucs broad 
 belowe, and pointed at the end, fnipt about the edges , and of a darkc greene colour : 
 the (hikes are round and hard, two foot high,or higher, diuided into many branches, 
 fet with the like Ieaucs, but fmaller : the tops of the branches are befet with many pur- 
 plifhflowers, like vnto Dames Violets, or Stocke-Gilloflowers , but larger, be- 
 ing of little lent : after the flowers are part , there come in their places round flat 
 thin cods, of a darkecolour on the outfide , but hauing a thinne middle skinne, that is 
 white and cleare (hining, like vnto very pure white Sattin it felfc, whereon lye flat and 
 round brownifh feedc , fomewhat thicke and great : the tootes perilh when they hauc 
 giuen their feede,and arefomewhat round, long, and thicke, refembling the rootes of 
 Lilium non bulbofum, or Day Lilly, which are eaten (as diuers other rootes are) for Sal- 
 lets, both in our owne Country, and in many places befide. 
 
 l. Viola Luntris tlttrt feu peregrina. Long liuing Sattin flower. 
 
 This fecond kinde hath broader and longer leaues then the former , the ftalkes alfo' 
 arc greener and higher, branching into flowers, of a paler pur pie colour, almoft white, 
 confiding of foure leaues in like manner, and fmelling pretty fweete, bearing fuch like 
 pods, but longer and flenderer then they : the rootes are compofcd of many long 
 firings, which dye not as the former, but abide, and (hoot out new ftalkes cuery yearc. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 The firft is (as is faid) frequent enough in Gardens, and is found wilde in 
 fome places of our owne Country, as Matter Gerard reporteth, whereof I 
 neuer could be certainly aflured,but I haue had it often fent mee among o- 
 ther feedes from Italy , and other places. The other is not fo common m 
 Gardens, but found about Watford, as he faith alfo. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 They flower in Aprill or May, and fometimes more early. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 It hath diuers names, as well in Englifh as in Latine ; for it is called moft 
 vfually Tsolbonach, and Viola Lunar is : Of fome Villa latifolia, and of others 
 Viola Peregrina, and Lunaria Graea, Lunaria maior, and Lunaria odorata, and 
 is thought to be Thlafpi crateuailn Englifh, White Satten,or Sattcn flower; 
 Of fome it is called Honefty, and Penny- flower. 
 
 TheVertues. ! 
 
 Some doe vfe to eate the young rootes hereof, before they runnevpto 
 flower , as Ratnpionsarc eaten with Vinegar and Oyle ; but wee know no 
 Phy ficall vfe they hauc; 
 
 Gh as; 
 
r 'T be (jar den of p leaf ant Flowers. 
 
 z 66 
 
 Chap. XLIII. 
 
 Linam filaejlre & Lintri a. Wilde Flaxe and TodeFla*C. 
 
 T 4 Lthough neither the manured Line or Flaxe is a plant fit for our Garden, nor 
 many of the wilde forts, yet there are fome, whofe plcafant and delightfull 
 J_J^afpe<ft doth entertaine the beholders eyes with good content, and thofe I will 
 fetdowne here for varietie, and adioyne vnto them fome of the Linarios, orTode 
 Flaxe, for the neare affinity with them. 
 
 I . Linum fdaejlre fare Me. Wilde Flaxe with a white flower. 
 
 Thiskindcof wilde Flaxe rifethvp with diuers flender branches, afoote high or 
 better, full of leaues, (landing without order , being broader and longer then the ma- 
 nured Flaxe : the tops of the branches haue diuers faire white flowers on them, cora- 
 pofed of fine large leaues a peece, with many purple lines or (trikes in them : the fcede 
 veflellas well as chefeede, is like vnto the heads and feedeofthe manured Flaxe: the 
 rootes are white firings, and abide diuers yeares , fpringing frefh branches and leaues 
 euery yeare, but not vntill the Spring of they care. 
 
 a .Linum fduefae luteum. Wilde Flaxe with ayellow flower. 
 
 This wilde Flaxe doth fo well refemble a kinde of St. Iohns wort, that it will foone 
 deceiue one that doth not aduifedly regard it: For it hath many reddilhftalkes, and 
 fmall leaues on them, broader then the former wilde Flaxe, but not fo long, which ire 
 well ftored with yellow flowers, as large as the former , made of fiue leaues a peece, 
 which being pad, there come fmall flattifli heads, containing blackifh feede, but not 
 (hining like the former : the rootes hereof dye not euery yeare, as many other of the 
 wilde kindes doe, but abide and flioote out euery yeare. 
 
 C ‘ ■ i. . • 
 
 3 . Linaria purpurea. Purple Tode Flaxe. 
 
 This purple Tode Flaxe hath diuers thicke, fmall, long , and fomewhat narrowifli 
 leaues, fniptaboutthcedges, ofawhitilh greene colour, from among which rilevp 
 diuers fialkes, replenilhed at the tops with many fmall flowers, (landing together one 
 aboue another fpike-fafliion, which are fmall and fomewhat fweete, while they are 
 frefh, fafhioned fomewhat like the common T ode flaxe that groweth wilde abroad al- 
 moft euery where,but much fmaller, with a gaping mouth , but without any crooked 
 fpurrebehinde, like vnto them, fometimesof a fad purple neare vnto a Violet, and 
 fometimesofa paler blew colour, hauing a yellow fpot in the middleor gaping place: 
 afterthe flowers are pad, there come fmall, hard, round heads, wherein are contained 
 fmall, flat, and grayifh feede : the rooteis fmall, and perilhethforthemoft part euery 
 yeare,and willlpringagaineofitowne fowing, ifit be differed to (lied it felfe, yet 
 fome hard Winters haue killed the feede it (hould feeme , in that fometimes it faileth 
 to fpring againe, and therefore had neede to be fo wne anew in the Spring. 
 
 4. Linaria purpurea odorata. S weete purple Tode Flaxe. 
 
 The lower leaues of this purple Tode Flaxe are nothing like any of the reft, bur are 
 long and broad, endented about the edges, fomewhat refembling the leaues of the 
 greater wilde white Daifie: the ftalke is fetat the bottome with fuch like leaues, but 
 a little more diuided and cut in, and ftill fmaller and fmaller vpward , fo that the vp- 
 permoft leaues are very like the common Tode Flaxe, the toppe whereof is branched, 
 hauinf diuers fmall flowers growing along vpon them , in faflnon and colour almoft 
 likethe lafl deferibed Tode Flaxe, but not altogether fo deepea purple: the heads 
 andfeedesare very like the former, but that the feede of this is reddifh : the flowers 
 
 in 
 
2^8 c fbe (jar den of pie af ant Flowers. 
 
 ia their naturali hot Countries haue a fine fent,but in theft colder^ittle or none at all: 
 the rootes are fmall and threadie, and perifh after they haue flo wred and feeded. 
 
 M, ; * 
 
 5. Linarid Vtlentin*. Tode Flaxe of Valentiai 
 
 ThisSpanifh Tode Flaxe hath three or fonre thicker and bigger ftalkcs thentjie 
 former, bearing fmall broad leaues, like vnto the fmall Centory ,two or three together 
 at a ioynt, round about the lower end of the ftalkes, but without any order vpwards, at 
 the toppes whereof (land many flowers, in fafhion like vnto the common kinde, 
 and almoft as large, of a faire yellow colour, but the gaping mouth is downic, and 
 the fpurre behinde of a purpliih colour. 
 
 6. Sceparit fiue 'Bcluiitrc it tlorum. Broome T ode Flaxe. 
 
 Although this plant haue no beautifull flowers, y etbecaufe the greene plant'full of 
 leaues is fo delightfull to behold, being in Italy and other places planted not oncly in 
 their Gardens , but fet likewife in pots to furnilh their Windowes , and euen with vs 
 alfo hath grownetobe fo dainty agreene bufli, that 1 haue thought it worthy tjobea- 
 mong the delights of my Garden ; thc defcrlption whereofis as followcth: This plea- 
 fant Broome Flaxe rifeth vp mod vfually with one ftraight vpright fquare ftalke, three 
 foote and a halfe high or better in our Gardens, branching it felfe outdiuers waies, 
 bearing thereon many long narrow leaues, like the Garden Line or Flaxe, very thicke 
 fet together, like vnto a buih, or rather like vnto afaire greene Cyprrife tree, growing 
 broad belowe, and fpire-falhion vpwards , of a very fairegreenecolour : at the feue- 
 rall ioynts of the branches, towards thetops, and among the leaues , there come forth 
 fmall reddifh flowers, not eafily feene nor much regarded, being of no beauty , which 
 turne into fmall round blackifh gray feeds : the rootes are a number of blackifh firings 
 fet together, and the whole plant periiheth euery yeare at the firft approach of any cold 
 
 ayrc,asifitncuer had beenefo faire a greene bulh. : j 
 
 The Place. 
 
 ! 
 
 Thefe kindes of wilde Flaxe doe growe naturally in diuers places, fome 
 in Germany, fome in Spaine, and fome in Italy. Thofc that delight in the 
 beauty of natures variety , doe preferue them, to furnifh vp the number of 
 pleafantafpedls. 
 
 The Time. . 
 
 They all flower in the Summer moneths, and foone after pcrfedl their 
 feede. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 Their names are fufficiently exprefTed in theirtitlcs, yet I muft giueyou 
 tovnderftand, that the laft is called of fome Liotriu mtgttt , and of others 
 Ofjru. 
 
 TheVertues. 
 
 The wilde Flaxe hath no medecinablc vertue appropriate vnto it that is 
 knowne. The Tode Flaxe is accounted to be good, to caufeone to make 
 water. 
 
 Chap. 
 
IheCjarden of pie af ant Flowers, 
 
 z 6p 
 
 CrtAP. XL'IIII. 
 
 Antirrhinum. Snapdragon. 
 
 T Here is fomediuerfity inthe Snapdragons, forne being of a larger, and others 
 ofa leifer ftature and bigneffe ; and of the larger, fome of one, and fome of an- 
 other colour, but bccaufe the fmall kindcsarc of no beautie, I {hall at this 
 time onely entreate of the greater. forts. 
 
 i . Antirrhinum Mum. White Snapdragon. 
 
 Theleaaesofthefc Snapdragons (for I doevnder one defeription comprehend the 
 reft) are broader, longer, and greener then the leaues of the Garden Flaxe, or of the 
 wilde Flaxe fetconfuledlyvpon the tender greenc branches, which are fpread on all 
 fides, from the very bottomc, bearing at the toppes many flowers, fomewhat refem- 
 blingtheformerTode Flaxe, but much larger, and without any heele orfpurre, of a 
 faire white colour, with a yellow fpot in the mouth or gaping place : after the flowers 
 are paft, there come vp in their places hard round feede velTels, fafhioned fomewhat 
 like vnto a Calues head , fire fnout being cut off, wherein is contained fmall bkeke 
 feede : the rootesare many white firings, which perifh imnoft places after they haue 
 giuenfeede, notwithstanding any care or paines taken withthemtopreferuethema- 
 liue, and yet they will abide in fome places where they are defended in the Winter. 
 
 ) 
 
 2. Antirrhinum pur tureum fiucrefeum. Purple Snapdragon. 
 
 T he purple Snapdragon is in ftalkes, leaues, and flowers altogether like the former, 
 and as large and great in cucry part, or greater ; the onlydiffercncc is, that this beareth 
 pale Stammell or Rofe coloured flowers, with a yellow fpot in the mouth, and fomc- 
 times ofa paler colour, almoftblulh. , 
 
 3 .Antirrhinum variegatum. Variable Snapdragon. 
 
 This variable kinde is fomewhat leffe, and tenderer then the laft deferibed , hauing 
 alfo a reddifhorblufl) coloured flower, lefTerthen the former, but much bigger then 
 themiddlekinde of Snapdragon (which is notfetdownein thisworke) the yellow 
 fpot in the mouth of it hath fome white about it, and extending to both fides of the 
 fpotrtheheads and feede arc like the former: the rootes arc fmaller, butncuerwill 
 abide after they haue giuen flowers and feede. 
 
 4. Antirrhinum luteum. Yellow Snapdragon. 
 
 There is likewife another ofthefekindes , that beareth leaues as large as any of the 
 former, & very faire yellow flowers, as large likewife as they, not differing in any thing 
 clfe from the firft; let not any therefore imaginethis tobe a Linaris orTode Flaxe:, 
 for all parts are anfwerable vnto the Snapdragons. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 All thefe are nourilhed with vs in our Gardens, although in Spaineand 
 Italy they are found growing wilde* 
 
 The Time. 
 
 They flower for the moft part the fecond yeare after the fowing, from A> 
 prill vntill Iuly , and the feede is quickly ripe after. 
 
 Z 3 The 
 
27 ° 
 
 C L be (jar den of pleafant Flowers. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 The name ^iatirrhisum is vfually giuen to this plant, although it fully 
 agrecth not eyther with the defcription of Diofcorides, or Thcophraftus : 
 It hath alfo diners other names in Latine, as Oronteum , Ctnis cerebrum Os 
 Leonis, Leo herbu,&e. In Englifh Calucsfnout, from the formeofthefeede 
 veffclSj and Snapdragon, or Lyons mouth, from the forme of the flowers. 
 
 TheVertues. 
 
 They are feldome or Better vfcd in Phyficke by any in our dayes. 
 
 Chap. XLV. 
 
 Chimxnerium flore delphin). The Willowc flower. 
 
 T His plant rifeth rp with many ftrong, woddy, round, brownilh great ftalkes, 
 three or foure foote high, bcfet here and there without order, with one broad 
 and long whitilh greene leafe at aioynt,fomewhat like vnto a LyfmschL , or 
 Willow herbe, as alfo vnto a Peach leafe, but larger and longer : at the toppc of the 
 branches (land many flowers oneaboue another, of a pale reddifh purple colour, 
 confifting of flue leaucs, fprcad open with an heelc or fpurrebehinde them, with many 
 yellow threads in the middle, much larger then any flower of the Larkes fpurres, and 
 froellingfomewhatfweete withall ; it beareth a fhewof long pods with feede , but I 
 could neuer obferue the feede : the rootes are like the rootes of Lyfimochit, or the ordi- 
 nary yellow Loofe-ftrife, or Willowe herbe, but greater : running and fpreading vn- 
 der ground, and (hooting vpinmany places, whereby it filleth a ground that it likes 
 quickly : the ftalkes dye do wne euery yeare , and fpringagaine in many places farre 
 afunder. 
 
 . ' The Place. 
 
 Wee haue not knov/ne where this Willowe flower groweth naturally, 
 but we haue it (landing in an out corner of our Gardens, to fill vp the num- 
 ber of delightfull flowers. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 It flowreth not vntill May, and abideth a long while flowring. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 It may fceine to diuers,that this is that plant that Dodonsus called Pfe»- 
 iUyftmschmm purpuream mimes , and Lobel feemeth by the nameof Delphi- 
 nium buccinam toaime at this plant, but withall calleth it cham.enerium 
 Gejneri , and giueth the fame figure that Dodonatus hath for his ffeudolyfi- 
 michium: But that is one kinde of plant (which hath fmaller and (horter 
 ftalkes, and very narrow long leaues , whofe flowers (land vpon long (len- 
 dercods, full of downe, with reddifh feede, like vnto the Lyfimacbu flli- 
 quofs filucslru, and rootes that abide many yeares, but creepe not)and this 
 is another, much greater, whofe true figure is not extant in any Authorthar 
 Iknow. Itis vfually called Cham-enertum flore delphini)-, but the name of 
 Delphinium butcinum in my minde may notfoconueniently be applyed vn- 
 to it. It is called in Englifh, The Willowe flower, for thelikenefleof the 
 leaues, and thebeauty and rcfpedfofthe flowers. 
 
The (jar den of plea) ant t letters 
 
 271 
 
 TheVertues. 
 
 There is no vfe hereof in Phyfickc that euer I could learne , but is onely 
 chtrifhed among other forts of flowers, thatferue todecke and fet forth a 
 Garden of varieties. 
 
 Chap. XLVI. 
 
 AquilegU. Colombines. 
 
 T Here are many forts of Colombines, as well differing in forme as colour ofthe 
 flowers, and of them both Angle and double carefully nourfed vp in our Gar- 
 dens, for the delight both of their forme and colours. 
 
 1. AquUcgi&vulgtris flore fimplici. Single Colombines. 
 
 Becaufe the whale difference of thefe Colombines ftandeth in the varieties of the 
 forme, and colour oftheflowers, and little in the leaues, I (hallnot needetomakea- 
 nic repetitions of the defeription of them, feeing one onely fhall fuffice for each pecu- 
 liar kinde. The Colotnbinc hath diuers large fpread leaues, (landing on long ftalkes : 
 euery onediuided in feuerall partitions, and roundly endented about the, edges , in 
 colour fomewhat like the leaues of Celondine , that is , of a darke blewifh greene co- 
 lonr : the ftalkes rife vp fometimes two or three foote high, diuided vfually into many 
 branches, bearing one long diuided leafe at the lower ioy nt, aboue which the flowers 
 gro we, euery one Handing on a long ftalke, confiding of fiue hollow leaues , crooked 
 or horned at the ends, turning backward , the open flower (hewing almoft like vnto a 
 Cinquefoilc, but more hollow : afterthe flowers are pad, there arife fmall long cods, 
 foure or fiue together, wherein are contained blacke (hining feede : the rootes are 
 thicke and round, for a little fpace within the ground, and then diuided into branches, 
 ending in many fmall fibres, abiding many yearcs , and (hooting a frefh euery Spring 
 from the round heads, that abide all the Winter. The variety ofthe colours of rhefe 
 flowers are very much, for fome are wholly white, fome of a blew or violet colour, o- 
 thers of a blufh or flefh colour, or deepe or pale red, or of a dead purple, or dead mur- 
 rey colour, as nature lifteth to (hew it felfc. 
 
 2, AqmlegU vulgar is flore flent. Double Colombines. 
 
 The double Colombines differ not in leafe or manner of growing from the fingle, 
 fo that vntill they come to flower , they cannot bee difeerned one from another ; the 
 onely difference is, it beareth very thicke and double flowers, that is, many horned or 
 crooked hollow leaues fet together, and are not fo large as the leaues of the fingle 
 flowers. The variety of colours in this doublekinde isasplentifull, orrathermore 
 then in the fingle; for ofthefe there is party coloured, blew and white, andfpotted 
 very variably, which are not in the fingle kinde, and alfo a very deepe recovery thicke 
 and double, but a fmaller flower, and lefte plentifull in bearing then many of theother 
 double forts. Thefe double kindesdoe giueas good feedcas the fingle kindes doc, 
 which is not obferued in many other plants. 
 
 3 . Aquilegi* interfis cornictlu. Doubleinuertcd Colombines. 
 
 Thefe Colombines are not to be diftinguifhed ey ther in roote, leaues, or feed from 
 the former, the flowers onely make the difference, which are as double as the former, 
 but that the heeles or homes of thefe are turned inward, and (land out in the middle of 
 the flowers together: there is not that plentifull variety of colours in this kinde, as 
 thereisin the former: for I neuer fawaboue three or foure feuerall colours in this 
 
 kinde. 
 
The Cjarden of plea) ant Flowers. 
 
 kinde, that is, white, purplifh,reddifh, and a dun or darke ouerworne purpiiih colour. 
 Thefe double flowers doe likewife turne into pods,bearing feede, continuing his kind, 
 and not varying into the former. 
 
 4. Aquilegia Rofe*. Rofe Colombincs. 
 
 The leaues and other parts of this kinde of Colombine, differ little or nothing 
 from the f ormer, the diuerfitie confifteth likewife in the flowers, which although they 
 ftand in the fame manner feuerally vpon their fmall flalkes, fomewhat more fparinglv 
 then the former doe, yet they haue no hceles or homes, ey ther inward or outward, or 
 very fcldome,but ftand fometimes but with eight or tenne fmooth fmall plainc leaues, 
 fet in order one by one in a compafle, in a double rowe,and fometimes with foureor 
 fiuerowesof them, euery one diredtly before the other, like vnto a fmall thick double 
 Rofelayd open, or a fpread Marigold : yet fometimes it happencth,that fomc of thefe 
 flowers will haue two orthree of the firft rowes of leaues without any hcele, and the 
 reft that are inward with eachof themapceceof afmallhorneatthcm,asthcformer 
 haue : the colours of thefe flowers are almoft as variable, and as variably mixed as the 
 former double kirides. This likewife giueth feede, preferuing his owne kinde for the 
 
 moil part. , , . 
 
 5 .Aquilegi* degener. Degenerate Colombincs. 
 
 This kinde of Colombine might feeme to fome, to bee but a cafuall degeneration, 
 and no true naturali kinde, happening by fome caufe of tranfplanring, orotherwife 
 bytheartof man: but I haue not fo found it, in thatitkeepeth,andholdethhisown 
 proper forme, which is like vnto the double Rofe Colombine, but that the outermoft 
 row of leaues are larger then any of thereftinwardes,andisof agreenifh, orclfeof 
 a purpiiih greene colour, and is not altogether fo apt to giue good feed like the former. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 The (ingle kindes haue beene often found in fome of the wooddy moun- 
 taines of Germany, as Clufius faith, butthedouble kindes are chiefly che- 
 riihcd in gardens. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 They flower not vntill May, and abide not for the moil part when Iune is 
 paft, and in the mcane time pcrfedleth their feede. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 Coftaius doth call this plant fet has of Theophraftus, which Gaza tran- 
 flateth Defidehum. Dalechampius vpon Athcnxus,callethitD/<j/i#/Aw,or 
 louts ps of Theophraftus, who in his fixth Booke and feuenth Chapter rec- 
 koneth them both, that is, Dio/anthos and Pathos, to be Summer flowcrs,but 
 feuerally. Dodonams Leoherbt^ and Gefncr Lcontefiomium. Fabius Columna 
 in his Phytobafanos, vnto whom Clufius giueth the greateft approbation, 
 referreth it to the ifePyrum of Diofcorides. All later Writers doe generally 
 call it, eyther Aquileta, Aquilina, or Aqmlegia ; and we in Englifh, generally 
 (I thinke) through the whole Counrrey, Colombines. Some doe call the 
 Aquilegi a rofe 4 , • -Aquilegi* fieSat a, The ftarre Colombine • bccaufe the leaues 
 of the flowers doc ftand fo diredtly oneby another, befides the doublenefte, 
 that they fomewhat reprefent eyther a Rofe or a Starre s and thereupon they 
 giue it the name eyther of aStarre ot Rofe. 
 
 TheVertues. 
 
 Some in Spaine,as Camerarius faith, vfe to eate a pcece of the robtc here- 
 of 
 
The (garden of pleajant timers. 
 
 z^SquilegtA ftfnplex* The fingle Colombine. a Atjmlegiafiorcnmltifilici. The double Colombine. 5 A- 
 5'«7<rj(4Vtr/S:#/iir.Theparty coloured Colombine. 4 AqutlegU iaaerfis corniculis. The double iru;crtcc 3 
 Colombine. e Aqui/tgia Rofea fwt Stellau. The Rofc or the Starre Colombine. 6 ThahCirum rhjpa- 
 nicam alium. White Spanilli tufts. 
 
Z74- 
 
 The (jar den of plea j ant Flowers. 
 
 of failing, many day es together, tohelpe them that are troubled with the 
 ftone in the kidney es. Others vfe the decoCtion, of both herbe and roote in 
 wine, with a little Ambargrife, againft thofe kinds of fwounings, which thfc 
 Greekes call <W »«f« The feede is vfed for the iaundife,and other obstructi- 
 ons of the liuer. Cluiius writeth from the experience of Francifcus Rapard, 
 a chiefe Phyfician of Bruges in Flanders, that the feede beaten and drunke 
 iseffe&uall to women in trauell of childe, to procure a fpeedy deliuerie, 
 and aduifeth a fccond draught thereof (hould betaken if the firft fucceede 
 notfufficiently. 
 
 i 
 
 Chap. XLVII. 
 
 Tbaliflrum Hi/pauicum. Spaniih T ufts, or Tufted Colombines. 
 
 F Rom among the diuerfities of this plant, I hauc feleSted out two forts for this my 
 garden,as hauing more beautie then all the reft;leauing the other to be entreated 
 of, where all in generali may be included. I hauc in this place inferred them,for 
 the likeneffe of the leaues only, being in no other part correfpondent, and in a Chap- 
 ter by themfelucs, as it is moll fit. 
 
 Thd'teJrum H'tfpankum ilb*m. White Spaniih tufted Colombines. 
 
 Thefe plants haUC both one forme, in roote, leafe and flower, and therefore neede 
 butonedefcription. The leaues areboth for colourand forme folike vnto Colom- 
 bines leaues (although leiferand darker, yet more fptead, and on larger ftalkes) that 
 they may cafilydeceiue one, that doth not marke them aduifedly * for the leaues are 
 much more diuided,and in fmallerparts,and not fo round at the ends : the ftalkes are 
 
 round, ftrong, and three foote high at the lead, branching out into two or three parts, 
 with leaues at the feuerall ioy nts of them, at the toppes wher eof ftand many flowers, 
 which are nothing but a number of threads, made like vnto a fmall round tuft, break- 
 ing outof a white skinne, or leafe, which indofeth them, and being vnblowne, ihew 
 like vnto little buttons : the colour of thefethreds or tufts in this are whitifli with yel- 
 low tips on them, and fomewhat purplifh at the bottome, hauing a ftrong but no good 
 fent, and abiding in their beautie (especially if they grow in thelhade, and not too 
 hotinthe fun) a great while,and then fall away, like mortdowneorthreds: the feed 
 veffels are three fquare, containing fmall,lor.g, and round feede 5 the rootes are ma- 
 ny long yellow flringes, which endure and encreafe much. 
 
 Tbilittrum Montanum furfureum. Purple tufted Colombines. 
 
 This purple tufted Colombinedifferethonely from theformer, in thatitisnotlo 
 high nor fo large, and that the colour of the flower or tuft is of a blewiflj purple co- 
 lour with yellow tips, and is much more rare then the other. 
 
 j 
 
 1 The Place. 
 
 Thefe grow both in Spainc and Italie. 
 
 TheTime. 
 
 They flower in the end of May , or in Iunc, and fometime later* 
 
 The Names. 
 
 Some doe call them Thalktrum, and fome Thaliflrtim. Others Rutapak- 
 Jlru, and Rutt pritenfis, and lome RhibirbiruntMontchomm, or rftude- 
 
 rhubarhtrum. 
 
The (jar dsn 0 / plea/ant blowers. 
 
 rhabarbarum, by rcalon that the rootcs being yellow, haue an opening qua- 
 litie, and drying as Rubarbe. In Englidi what other fit Names to giiie thefe 
 then I haueexprcfled in the titles, I know not. 
 
 The Vertues. 
 
 The are a little hot and drying withall, good for old Vlcers,as Diofcori- 
 desfaith, to bring them to cicatrifing : in Italy they are vfed agair.ft the 
 Plague, and in Saxonye againft the Iaundife,as Camerarius faith. 
 
 Ch ap.XLVIII. 
 Radix can*. Hollow roote. 
 
 T He likenefle of the leaues likewife of this plant with Colombines, hath 
 caufed mee to infert it next the other, and although fome of this kinde bee of 
 fmall refpefi, being accounted but fooliih, yet let it fill vp a wafte corner, 
 that fono place bevnfurnifhed. 
 
 1. Radix Can* maior fltrealbo. The white Hollow roote. 
 
 The leaues of this hollow roote breake not out of the ground, vntill the end of 
 March, or feldome before, and are both for proportion and colour fomewhat like vn- 
 tethe leaues of Colombines, diuided into fiue parts, indented abouttheedges, Han- 
 ding on fmall long footeftalkes of awhitilhgreene colour, among which rife vp the 
 ftalkes, without any leaues from the bottome to the middle, where the flowers fhoote 
 forth one aboue another, with euery one a fmall fliort leafeat thefoote thereof, which 
 are long and hollow, with a fpurre behinde it, fomewhat like vntothc flowers of 
 Larckes fpurres, but hauing their bellies fomwhat bigger, and the mouth not fo open, 
 being all of a pure white colour : after the flowers are pail, arife fmall long and round 
 cods, wherein arc contained round blackilh feede : the roote is round and great, of a 
 yellowifli browne colour on the outfidc,and more yellow within, and hollow vnder- 
 neath, fo that it feemeth but a fhell: yet being broken, euery part will grow : itabideth 
 grecne aboue grouhd but a fmall time. 
 
 2. Radix Caua maior flare carneo. Blufh colourd Hollow roote. 
 
 The blufh Hollow roote is in all things like vnto the former, but onely that the 
 flowers hereof are of a delayed red or purple colour,which we call blufh : andfome- 
 times of a very deepe red or purple colour ; but very rare to meete with. 
 
 3 . Radix Caua minor, feu Cafuos f abace* radice. Small hollow roote. 
 
 This fmall kinde hath his leaues of a blewilh greeae colour, yet greener and fmal- 
 lerthentheformer, growing more thicke together : the flowers are tikein proportion 
 vnto the former in all refpe&s, butlelfer, hauingpurplifh back's, and white bellyes : 
 Handing clofer and thicker together vpon thefliort ftalkes : the roote is folid or firme, 
 round and a little long withall, two being vfually ioyned together, yellowifli both 
 withinand without : but I haue feene the dry roots that came from beyond Sea hither, 
 that haue bcenc as fmallas hafell nuts, and fomewhat flat with the roundnefle, diffe- 
 ring from thofe that growe with vs, whether the nature thereof is to alter by 
 manuring, I know nor. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 Tbegreater kindcs Clufiusreportcth he found in many places of Hunga- 
 
 rie, 
 
Z76 
 
 The (jar den of plea) ant Flowers. 
 
 rie, and the other parts neere thereunto ; the Idler in the lower Gcriruny, 
 or Low Countries, as we callthem. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 Thefe are moll truely to bee reckoned Vernali plants, forthat they rife 
 not out of the ground vntill the Spring bee come in, and are gone likewife 
 before it be part, remaining vnder ground all the reft of theyeare, yetthe 
 lefler abideth longer abouc ground then the greater. 
 
 TheNames. 
 
 Concerning the former of thefe, there is acontrouerfie among diuers, 
 whether it ftiould be Thefium of Theophraftus, or Brtphium of Galen, but 
 here is no fit place tofrauerfethofe opinions. Some would haue it to bee 
 CtrydalisjAa forne referre it to Plinie his Caputs Chcledtni a. for the likenefle 
 it hath both with Fumeterie and Celandine. It is generally called of all 
 moderne Writers, RadisCaut, and we in Englifh thereafter, Hollow roote. 
 The lefter for the firmeneffe of his round roote, is vfuall v called. Caputs fa- 
 bacea radice, and the Dutch men thereafter , ffiOOnfeetJjS I^OlllBOltt lUwe of 
 the likeneffe with the former, doe callitthelcffc Hollow roote. 
 
 TheVertues. 
 
 ■ jy 
 
 Some by thebitterneffc doe conie&ure (for little proofe hath beene had 
 thereof, but in outward cafes) that it clenfctb, purgeth,and dryeth withall. 
 
 Chap. XLIX. 
 
 Delphinium. Larkcs heeles. 
 
 O F Larkes heeles there are two principali kindes,the wilde kinde, and the tame 
 or garden; thewildekindcisof two forts, one which is with vs nourfedvp 
 chiefly in gardens, andisthegreateft ; the other which is fmaller and lower, 
 often found in our plowed landes^md elfewhere : of the former of thefe wilde forts, 
 therearedoubleas wellas Angle : and of thetameor morevpright, doublealfoand 
 Angle: and of each of diuers colours,as (hall be fetdownc. 
 
 1. Delphinium maius Jiue vulgare. The ordinary Larkes heeles. 
 
 The common Larkes heele fpreadeth with many branches much more ground 
 then the other, rarher leaning or bending downe to the ground, then (landing 
 vpright, whereon are fet many (mail long greene leaucs,' finely cur, almoft like Fennell 
 leaues : the branches end in a long (pike of hollow flowers, with a long fpurre be- 
 hinde them, Very like vnto the flowers of the Hollow roote laft deferibed, and are of 
 diuers feuerall colours, as of a blewifh purple colour, or white, or alb colour or redha- 
 ler or deeper, as alfo party coloured of two colours in a flower : afterthe flowers are 
 pad, (which in this kinde abide longer then in the other) there come long round cods, 
 containing very blacke feede : the root is hard after it groweth vp to fecde,fpreading 
 both abroad and deepe, and perifheth euery yeare, vfually railing it felfe from it own 
 fowing, as well as from the feede fowen in thefpring time. 
 
 2. Delphinium vulgare flore plent. Double common Larkes heeles. 
 
 Of this vulgar kinde there is fomc difference in the flower,although in nothing elfc : 
 the flow us ftar.d many vpon a ftalke like the former, but euery one of themare asif 
 
 three 
 
'I'he (jar den of pka/ant Flowers, 277 
 
 three or foure (Inal! flowers were ioyned together, with euery one his fpurre behinde, 
 the greateft flower being outermoft, and as it were containingthe reft, which are of x 
 palered.or deepe blufh colour : Anotherof this kindewill bearchis flowers with 
 three or foure rowes of leaues in the middle, making a double flower with one fpurre 
 behinde onely : and of this kinde there is both with purple, blew, blufh, and 
 white flowers, and party coloured alfo ; thefe doe all beare feed like the Angle, wherby 
 it is encreafed euery yearc. 
 
 3 . Delphinium tnienfle. Wilde Larkes fpurres. 
 
 This wilde Larkes fpurre hath fmaller and fherter leaues, fmaller and lower bran- 
 ches, and more thinly or fpjrfedly growing vpon them, then any of the former : the 
 flowers likewife are ncytherfo large as any of the former, nor fo many growing toge- 
 ther, the cods likewifehaue fmaller feede, and is harder to grow in gardens then any 
 ofthe former^ the molt vfuall colour hereof is a pale reddilhor blufh colour, yet fome- 
 times they are found both white an d blew, and fometimes mixt of blew and blufh, va- 
 riably difpofed, as nature can when fne lifteth ; but are much more rare. 
 
 4 . Diphinium elutius flore flmpl.'d diuer ferum color urn. 
 
 Single vpright bearing Larkes heeles of many colours. 
 
 The difference betweene this and the laft is, that the leaues of this are not fully fo 
 greene, norfoiarge;theftalkesgrovvvpright,tothc height of aman, andfometimes 
 higher, hauing fome branches thereon, but'fewerthen the former, and ftanding like- 
 wife vpright, and not leaning downe as the former : thetoppesof the ftalkcs are bet- 
 ter ftored with flowers then the other, being fometimes twofootc long and aboue, 
 ofthe fame fafhion, but not altogether fo large, but of more diuers arid feueral colours, 
 as white, pale, blufh, redde deeperor paler, afbcoloured, purple or violet, and of an 
 ouerworneblcwiib purple, orironcolour : for of all thefc we haue Ample, without 
 any mixture or fpot : but we haue other forts, among the Ample colours, t hat rife from 
 the fame feede,and will haue flowers that wil be balfe white, and halfeblufh or purple, 
 or one leafe white, and another blufli or purple, or elfe variably mixed and fpotted: 
 the feede and feede veflels ate like the former but larger and harder. 
 
 5 . Delphinium ehtius flore pleno diuer forum colorum. 
 
 Double vpright Larkes heeles of many colours. 
 
 Thefe double Larkes heeles cannot bee knowne from the Angle of the fame kinde, 
 vntill they come towards flowring ; for there appeare many flo wers vpon the ftalkcs, int 
 the fame manner, and of as many colours almoft as of the Angle, except the party co- 
 loured, which ftand like little double Rofcs, layd or fpread broade open, as the Rofe 
 Colombine without any heeles behinde them, very delightfull to behold, confifting 
 of many fmall leaues growing together, and after they arc fallen there come vp in 
 their places three or foure fmall cods fet together, wherein is contained here and 
 there (for all are not full of feede, as the Angle kindes)blacke feede, likevntoall the 
 reft, but fmaller, which being fowen will bring plants that will beare both Angle and 
 double flowers againe,and it often happeneth, that it variably altereth in colours from) 
 it owne fowing : for none of them hold conftantly his owne colour, (fo farreas euer 
 I could obferue) but fall into others as nature pleafeth. 
 
 6. Delphinium Hifpunicum paruum. Spanifti wilde Larkes fpurres. 
 
 This fmall Larkes fpurre of Spainc, hath diaerslong and broad leaues next the 
 ground, cut-in on both Ades, fomewhat like vnto the leafe of a Scabious,or rather that 
 kindeof Stoebe,which Lobel calleth Crispin* , for it doth fomewhat needy referable 
 the fame, but that this is fmooth on the edges, and not indented be Ades the cuts, as the 
 Crupinu is, being of a whitifh greene colour, and fomewhat fmooth and foft in 
 handling : among the leaues rifeth vpawhitilb greene ftalke, hauing many fmaller 
 
 A a leaues 1 
 
'The (jar den of pie a) ant Flowers. 
 
 leaues vpon it that growbelowe, but notdiuided, branching out into many fmall 
 ftalkes, bearing flowers like vnto the vvilde Larkes heeles,but fmaller, and of a bleake 
 blewiih colour, which being pad, there come vp two or three fmall cods ioyned toge- 
 ther, wherein is blacke (cede, fmaller and rounder then any of the former : thcrooteis 
 fmall and thready, quickly periihing with the firft cold that ouertaketh the plant. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 The greateft or firft wildc kindes growe among corne in many countries 
 beyond the Seas, and wherccorne hath beenefowne, and for his beauty 
 brought and nourilhed in our Gardensrthe lefler wildekindeinfome fields 
 of our owne Country. The Spanilh kinde likewile in the like places which 
 I had among many leedes that Guillaume Boel brought mee out of Spaine. 
 The firft double and Angle hauebeen common for many yeares in all coun- 
 tries of this Land, but the tall or vpright fingle kindes haue been entertained 
 but oflate yeares. The double kindes are more rare. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 Thefe flower in the Summer onely, but the Spaniih wilde kinde flowreth 
 very late, fo that oftentimes in our Country , the Winter taketh it befor&it 
 can giue ripe feede : the double kindes , as well the vpright as the ordinary 
 or wilde, are very choifc and dainty many times, notyeelding good feede. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 They are called diuerfly by diuers Writers, as Confolida regalis , Cmlurit 
 fits ; Fits regius, 'Buccinum Romanorum, and of Matthiolus, Cuminum fileseftre 
 alterum D.ofcondts : but the moil vfuall name with vs is Delphinium : but 
 whether it be the true Delphinium of Diofcorides,or the Poets Hyacinth or 
 the flower of Aiax , another place is fitter to difeuffe then this. Wee call 
 them in Engliih Larkes heeles, Larkes fpurres, Larkes toes or clawes and 
 Monkes hoods. The laft or Spaniih kinde came to mee vnder the name of 
 Delphinium latifolium trigonum , fo ftiled eyther from the diuifion of the 
 leaues, or from the pods, which come vfually three together. Bauhinus vp- 
 on Matthiolus calleth it, Cenjoltda regalis peregrina paruo flore. 
 
 TheVertues. 
 
 There is no vfe of any of thefe in Phyficke in thefe dayes that I know but 
 are wholly ipent for their flowers fake. 
 
 C H AP. L. 
 
 Balfaminafcemini. The Female Balfam Apple. 
 
 I Hauefet this plant in this place, for fome likenefle of the flower, rather then for 
 any other comparifon, euen as I muft alfo with the next that followeth.This plant 
 rifeth vp with a thicke round reddifh ftalke, with great and bunched ioynts, being 
 tenderand full ofiuice, much like to the ftalke of Pur ilane, but much greater, which 
 brancheth it felfe forth from the very ground, into many ftalkes, bearing thereon ma- 
 nie long greene leaues, fnipt about the edges, very like vnto the Almond or Peach tree 
 leaues; among which from the middle of the ftalkes vpwards round about them, 
 come forth vpon feuerall fmall ihort foot-ftalkes many faire purpliih flowers, of two 
 or three colours in them,fa(hioned fomewhat like the former Larkes hee!es,or Monks 
 hoods, but that they are larger open atthe mouth, and thefpurres behinde crooke or 
 benddownewards ; after the flowers are paft, there come in their places round rough 
 
 heads, 
 
i \*dix £<uiamMi0Tjltr«*lbo.Tl\c white floored noll^wroot#. a (apiMijabscearAdu*. l fceimau nouowroote. ? u etpmxtum pore /impitci. 
 Single Larfcesfpurs. 4 Delphinium vul£Hre flete medit dkplici. Larkes ipiirs double irt the rtinldk. fl Delphinium vuJgart flore pleno. Common 
 Larks fpurs double. 6 Dtlphimium clttim ft art />/*«, Double vpright Lxrkcs (purs. 7 Delphinium Hifpanicum //ifv»<CT.Si 4 j«llSpaniih.Lark«fpar*, 
 S la/fltmmm famma . The Female Balfam apple. $ lndiahCrtflcs*oryeHow L-arkesfpor*, 
 
 As * 
 
 T " 
 
 The (jar den of plea/ant timers. 
 
z8o The (jar den of pleafant Flowers. 
 
 heads, pointed at the end, greene at the firft, and a little yellower when they bee ripe, 
 containing within them fmall round blackifh (cede, which will fooneskippe out of 
 the heads, ifthey be but a little hardly preffed betweene the fingers : the rootes f pread 
 themfelues vnder ground very much from the toppe, with a number of fmall fibres an- 
 nexed thereunto : this is a very tender plant, dying euery yeare , and muft bee fowne 
 carefully in a pot of earth, and tended and watered in the heatc of Summer, and all 
 little enough to bring it to perfection. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 Wee haue alwaies had the feedeof this plant lentvsoutofltaly, not 
 knowing his originali place. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 It flowreth from the middle of Iuly,to the end of Auguft : the feed doth 
 feldome ripen with vs, cfpecially ifthe Summer be backward , fo that wee 
 are oftentimes to feeke for new and good feede from our friends againe. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 Some vfe to call it char ant U faemina, tal/hmina famina , BalftmeRa , and 
 AngaiUara, Herba SancU Kathanna. We haue no other Englilh name to call 
 it by, then the Female Balfame Apple, or Balfamma. 
 
 TheVcrtues. 
 
 Some by reafon of the name, Would attribute the property of Balme vn- 
 to this plant, but it is not fufficiently knowne to haue any fuch ; yet I am 
 well perfwaded , there may bee fome extradinary quality in fo bcautifull a 
 plant, which yet lycth hid from vs. 
 
 * 
 
 Chap. LI. 
 
 Nasi art 'tam latitant. Indian Creflcs, or yellow Larkes hecles. 
 
 T He likenefle (as I faid before) of this flower likewile, hauing fpurres or hecles 
 maketh me ioync it with the reft , which is of fo great beauty and fweetnelfc 
 withall,that my Garden of delightcannot bee vnfurniihed of it. Thisfairc 
 plant fpreadeth it felfc into very many long tray ling branches, cnterkced one within 
 anothervery confuledly (yet doth itnotwindeitlelfewithany clafpers about either 
 pole or any other thing, but if you will haue it abide clofe thereunto, you mufttye it,or 
 clfe it will lye vpon the ground/foure orfiue foot in length atthe leaft , wherbyitta- 
 keth vp a great deale of ground : the leaues are fmooth, greene, and as round as the 
 Penniwort that groweth on the ground , without any cut or incifure therein at all 
 in any part, theftalkes whereof ftand in the middle of eachleafe, and (land at e- 
 uery ioynt ofthe ftalke, where they are a little reddidi, and knobbed or bunched out : 
 the flowers are ofan excellent gold yellow colour, and grow all along thefe (hikes, 
 almoftat euery ioynt with the leaues, vpon pretty long foote- (hikes, which are com- 
 pofed of fiue leaues , not hollow or gaping, but (landing open each leafe apart by it 
 felfe, two of them, that be larger and longer then the other, (land aboue,and the other 
 two that are lefler belowe, which are a little iagged or bearded on both fides , and the 
 fift lowed: in the middle of each ofthe three lower leaues Cyerfomctimesitisbut in 
 two of them) there is a little long fpot or ftreake, ofan excellent crimfon colour, with 
 a long heele or fpurre behinde hanging downe: the whole flower hath a fine fmall 
 lent, very pleafing, which being placed in the middle of fome Carnations or Gillo- 
 
 flowers 
 
28/ 
 
 The (jar den of plea/ ant Timers. 
 
 flowers (for they arein flower at the fame time) make a delicate Tuflimuflie, as they 
 call it,orNofegay,both for fight and fent : After rhe flower is pad, come the feede, 
 which are rough or vneuen, round, greeniOi yellow heads, fom.'ttmesbutone, and 
 fometimestwoor three (handing together vpon one ftalke, bare or naked of them- 
 felues, without any huske, containing a white pulpy kerneil : the rootes are fmall, 
 andfpreadingvnder ground, which perilh with the firft frofts, andmuftbefownea 
 new eucry yeare ; yet there needeth no bed of horfe-dung for the matter : the naturali 
 ground will be fufficient, fo as you defend it alittle from thofe frofts , that may fpoile 
 it when it is newly fprung vp, or being yet tender. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 This goodly plant was firfl found in the Weft Indies , and from thence 
 fent intoSpiinevntoMonardusand others, from whence all other pans 
 hauereceiuedit. It is now very familiar in moft Gardens of any curiofity, 
 where it yearly giueth ripe feed, except the yeare be very vnkindly. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 It flowreth fometimes in Iune, but vfually in Iuly (if it be well defended 
 and in any good ground) and fo continueth flowring , vntill the cold frofts 
 and miftes in the middle or end of Odlober, docchccke the luxurious na- 
 ture thereof, and in the meanc timeih.' feedeis ripe, which will quickly fall 
 downeon theground, where for the moft part the bed is gathered. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 Some doe reckon this plant among the Clematides or Convolvuli , the 
 Clamberers or Bind wee'dcs ; but (as I (aid Jit hath no dafpers, neither doth 
 it windeitfelfe : but by reafonofthenumberof hisbranches, that run one 
 within another, it may fecmeroclimbevpbya poleorfticke, which yec 
 doth but onely clofeit, as hauing fomething whereon to leane or reft his 
 branches. Monardus and others call it Flos [angutnem , of the red fpots in 
 the flowers, as alfo MaHntrzo de las /nd/as, which is Nafturt'utm inAktm , by 
 whichnameitis now generally knowne and called, and wee thereafter in 
 Englifli, Indian CrdTcs,yet it may bee called from the forme of the flow- 
 ers onely, Yellow Larkes heeles. 
 
 The Vertues. 
 
 The Spaniards and others vfe the leaues hereof in (lead of ordinary Cref- 
 fes, becaufe the tafte is fomewhat (harpe agreeing thereunto, but other Phy- 
 ficall properties I haue heard of none attributed to it. 
 
 Chap. LII. 
 
 Viola. Violets. 
 
 T He Garden Violets (for the Wilde I leaueto their OWne place) ate fo well 
 knowne vnto all, that either keepe a Garden, or hath but once come into it, 
 that I fhall(Ithinke) but lofe labour and time to deferibe that which is fo com- 
 mon. Yetbecaufeitisnotonelyachoifeflowerofdelight, notwitftftanding thepo- 
 pularity, and that I let not pafle any thing without his particular defeription, Imuft 
 alfo doefo by this. And hereunto I mud adde that kinde of Violet , which, although 
 it want that fmellofthe other, goeth beyond it in variety of dainty colours, called 
 VtoUtncolor & flammea, or Harts cafes. 
 
 Aa 3 
 
 l. Viola 
 
28 z The (jar den of pleafant Flowers. 
 
 i .Violt ftmplex Mtrtit. Single March Violets. 
 
 The (ingle Garden Violet hath many round greenc leaucs, finely fnipt or dented a- 
 boutthe edges, (landing vpon fcuerall fmall ftalkes , fee at diuers places of the many 
 creeping branches, which as they runne, doe here and there take roote in the ground, 
 bearing thereon many flowers feuerally attheioynts of the leaues, which confift of 
 fiue fmall leaues, with a (hort round tayleor fpurre behinde , of a perfect blew purple 
 colour, and of a very fweete Pent, it bringeth forth round feede veflels , (landing like- 
 wife vpon their feuerall fmall ftalkes , wherein is contained round white feede: but 
 thefe heads rife not from where the flowers grew, as in all other plants that I know, 
 but apart by thcmfelues, and being fowne, will produce others like vnto it felfe, 
 whereby there may be made a more fpeedy encreafe to plant a Garden(as I haue done) 
 or any other place, then by (lipping, as is the vfuall manner : the rootes fpread both 
 deepe and wide, taking ftrong hold in the ground. 
 
 - Of this kindc there is another that beareth white flowers , not differing in fmell or 
 
 . ire i c 
 
 any thing cue from the former. 
 
 litre alto»- And alfoanother,that beareth flowers ofadcadorfad reddilh colour, inallother 
 things alike, fauing that this hath not altogether fo good a fent as the other. 
 
 2. Vitlt Mtrti * fltre multiflui. Double March Violets. 
 
 There is no difference betweene this Violet and the former, in any other thing then 
 in the doubleneffc of the flowers, which haue fo many leaucs fet and thruft together, 
 that they are like vnto hard buttons. There is of this double kindc both white and 
 purple , as in the fingle jbutthe white fort is fcldome fo thicke and doubleas the pur- 
 ple : but of the red colour to be double I ncuer heard. 
 
 3 . Vitlt flammet fiue trie tier. Harts cafes or Panfics. 
 
 The Harts cafe hath his leaues longer , and more endented or cut in on the edges 
 then the Violet hath, and fomewhat round withall : the ftalkes are vpright, yet weake, 
 and ready to fall downe , and lye vpon the ground , fet here and there with the like 
 leaucs, from whence come forth the flowers, of little or no fent at all, made like vnto a 
 Violet, yet more open, and with larger leaues ; but fo variably mixed with blew or 
 purple, white and yellow, that it is hard to fet downe all the varieties : For fomc flow- 
 ers will be more white, and but fome fpots of purple or blew in the two vpper leaues, 
 and the lower leaues with fome ftripes of yellow in the middle:others will haue more 
 purple in them then any other colour, both in the vpper and lower leaues, the fide 
 leaues blew, and the middle yellow, and others white and blew with yellow ftripes, as 
 natureliftethtodiftriburetheir colours : the feede is fmall, whitifli, and round, con- 
 tained in fmall round heads : the roote perifheth eucry ycarc, and raifeth it felfe vp 
 plentifully by it o wnc fo wing, if it befuffered. 
 
 4. Vult trie tier fltre dufliei. Double Harts cafe. 
 
 We haue in our Gardens another fort, that beareth flowers with more leaues then 
 the former, making it feeme to be twice double, and that onely in Autumne ; for the 
 firft flowers are (i ngle that come in Summer : This is of that fort that beareth purple 
 flowers : And it is to be obferued, that the feed of this kinde will not all bring double 
 flower?,butonly fomc,ifthe ground be fit and liking , fo that if you haue once had of 
 this double kindc, you (hall feldomc miffe to haue double flowers againeeuery yeare of 
 it owne growing or fowing. 
 
 5 .Vitlt fltmmet lutet maxim t. The great yellow Panfie. 
 
 There is one other kindc of Harts cafe , that decketh vp our Gardens not to be for- 
 gotten, whofe leaues and flowers are like the former, but more plentifull in ftalkes 
 and branches, and better abideth our Winters : the flowers are larger then any of the 
 
 former, 
 
T be (garden of plea) ant Plovers* 
 
 former, of a faire pale yellow colour, with fome yellower ftripes now and then about 
 the middle 5 for it is fometimes without any ftripes , and alfo ofa little deeper yellow- 
 colour : this is to bee encreafed by flips , which will foone comprehend in a moift or 
 moiftened ground, for that I neucr could obferuc that it bore feede. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 Thefe plants were firftwilde, and by manuring brought to be both fai* 
 rer in colour, and pcraducnture ofa better fent then when they grew wilde. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 The Violets flower in March, and fometimes earlier, and if the yeare be 
 temperate and milde, in Autumne againe. The double Violets, as they are 
 later before they flower then the Angle , fo they hold their flowers longer. 
 The Harts cafe flowreth feldome vntill May; but then fome will abide to 
 flower vntill the end of Autumne almoft,efpecially if the frofts be not early. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 The Violet is called Vi»U m&r*, purpuret, and Mirth : In Englilh, Vi- 
 olets, March Violets, and purple Violets. The Harts eafe is called rioU 
 fltmmet, VtoU trktlor, multicolor , and of fom c,Ucet, fits trinitdtii , 
 and Herb* cUutUntt : In Englilh, Harts eafe, and Panfies,of the French name 
 tenfeis. Somegiueitfoolilbnames,asLoucinidleneire, Cullmeetoyou, 
 and Three faces in a hood. The great yellow Harts eafe is fo called, be- 
 caufeit is like in forme, and is the greateft of all other, although it haue not 
 that aiuerfity of colours in it that the other haue. 
 
 The Vertues. 
 
 The properties of Violets are fufficiently knowne to all, to cooleand 
 moiften : I (hall forbeareto recite the many vertues that may be let downe, 
 and onely let you know, that they haue in them an opening or purging qua- 
 lity, being taken either frefti and grecne, or dryed, and made into powder, 
 efpccially the flowers j the dryed leaues will doc the like, but in greater 
 quantity. Coftarusin his.bookeofthe nature of all plants faith, that the di- 
 foiled water of Harts eafe, is commended in the French difeafe, to be pro- 
 fitable, being taken for nitie dayes or more , and fweating vpon it , which 
 how true it is, I know not , and wifh fome better experience were made of 
 it, before we put any great confidence in that aflertion. 
 
 tiN v. 
 
 C H AP. LIII. 
 
 EtimeHiitm. Barren wort. 
 
 o : i , -'solfoi •' !.:• oV.-.-Isjmiftpiig,'»# 
 
 T His pretty plant rifeth vp out of the ground with vpright , hard , round, fmall 
 ftalkes, a foote and a halfe high, or not two foote high at the higheft , diuided 
 into three branches for the moft part , each branch whereof is againe diuided 
 for the moft part into three other branches , and each of them bedre three leaues (fel- 
 dome either more or lefle)fet together, yet each vpon his owne foote- ftalke, each 
 leafe being broad, round, and pointed at the end, fome what hard or dry in feeling, 
 hayric, or as it Were prickly about the edges, but very tenderly , without harmc, ofa 
 light greene colour on the vpperfide, and a little whiter vaderneath : from the middle 
 of the ftemmeor ftalke of leaues doth likewife come forth another long ftalke, not 
 much higherthen thofe with the leaues on them , diuided into other branches , each 
 
 whereof 
 
2&f 
 
 'The (jar dene f pie a / ant t lowers. 
 
 wiurcof bith lilcewife three flj . vers, each vpon his owne footeHalke, confiftingof 
 eight fm ill leaues a peece,yet feeming to be but of foure lcaus fpread or layd open fiat, 
 forchtr the foare vpparmoff .which are the ftnaller and being yellow, doe lye fo clofe 
 on the foure vndermoft, w. cb arc a little broader and red, that they iliew as if they were 
 yellow ft >vers with red edges, hauing yellow thredstipr with greene, Handing in the 
 middle of thefij.vers : the vnderlideof the lower leaues are of apaleyellowiflired, 
 ftriped with white lines : after the flowers are part, there come fmalilong pods,whcr- 
 in are contained flue reddhh feeds : the rotates dre fmall,rcddi(h and hard, fpreading, 
 branching and enterheing themfclues very much, and isfittobeplacedonfomcfha- 
 dy fide of agarden : the whole plant is rather of a firong then any good fent, yetis 
 chcrilhedfor the pleafant vanetic of the flowers. 
 
 vnto Ligorne, in the Florentine Domipion. Camerarius faith, nigh vnto 
 V icenzo in Italic. Banhinus on the Euganian hils, nigh vnto Padoa, and in 
 Romania in Ando .vie wet grounds. 
 
 tnougn ne laxtn it is without tiower or lcede, being therein eyther miflaken, 
 or mif-informed, as he was alfo in of Candy, and diuersother 
 
 plants. From the tripletriplicitie of the Handing of theflalkesand leaues, 
 andquadriphcitieol the flowers, itmight receiue another name in Englifh 
 then is already impoR-d vpon it : but IcH I might be thought to be Angular 
 or full of nouelrie, let it palfe with the name Barrenwort,as it is in the title. 
 
 O F Poppies there are a great many forts, both wilde and tame, butbecaufcour 
 Garden doth entertaine none, but thole of beautie and refpett, I wil oncly 
 giueyou hereafew double ones, and leaue the refl to a general furuey. 
 
 II ' nuot . ■ 
 
 i . PApxuer multiplex album. Double white Poppies. 
 
 Thedouble white Poppy hath diuers broadc,and long whit ifh grpene leaues, giuing 
 milke (as all the red of the plant about-ground doth, wherefoeuer it is broken) very 
 much rent or torne in on the fides,and notched or indented belidcs, compaflingatthe 
 bottomc of thema bard round brittle whitift greene Halite, branched towards the 
 toppe,bearingpncfairp large great floiver on the head of euery branch, which before 
 it breaketh out,'is contained within a thin skinne, and being blovvne open is very thick 
 fit leaues, and double, loupe what iagged at the ends, and of a white colour; in the 
 
 The Place* 
 
 CatfalptriUs faith it growerh on the mountaincs of Liguria, that is nigh 
 
 .i., . . TheTime. 
 
 Itflowreth from June vntill the end ofIu!y,and to the middle ofAuguH, 
 if it Hand, as I faid it is fittefl, in u Aiadowie place. 
 
 ->■{ 01 :w 
 
 The Names. 
 
 t 
 
 The Vertues. 
 
 «vv»ri Mrlnt 
 
 ^ of diuers to agree in thepropertieof caulingbarrennefle, 
 
 as the ancients doe record of Epimcdittm. 
 
 Chap. LIIII. 
 
 Papauer fututum. Garden Poppies. 
 
 middle 
 
'The (far den of plet) ant Flowers, 
 
 * Vitia sM Ait \a (implex. Single March V »olet5. 3 Vitia MartUmultii/'ox Double MarefrVioIers. ? Vnfafffwne* fifa trtfolor. Ordinary garden 
 Panfirs or Harts eaf:. 4 Viola flammea 'urra magna. Great ytllow Pandes. S Viola tritolor Japfex Dotililql an(j«nr Hartseales 6 S fumum»*, 
 Barrtnwort n Pauauer Jattvum flore pl^t. Double garden Poppies. » T af**tr fxttwvi Utre plfy IwbW: Qi>Vl>lo lettered Poppies i Ni. 
 telUmfyanica floro amylo. SpaniHi Nigella or Fcnfll flower, io 'J^gcUa rmilnyte* e <,nlea Double bkwN^dla ur J J F . t i fl’tgelia aupltx 
 
 5*rc4^.DaHblc waite Nigella. m i * Ttamira flero yltno. Double wilde Pelletory. 
 
28 6 The (jar den of p lea] ant Flowers *, ' 
 
 middle whereof ftandeth a round head or bowle, witha ftriped crowne on the heade 
 of it, very like a ftavre, compafled about with fome threds, wherein when it is ripe, is 
 contained fmall, round, white (cede, difpofed into feuerall cels : therooteis hard, 
 weoddy, and long, perifhingeuery yeare, and muft bee new fowne euery Spring, if 
 they doenotfpringof theirownfowing, which if it doe, the flowers are fcldomefo 
 faireanddoubleastheythatarefowne in the Spring : the whole plant is of aftrong 
 heady fmell. 
 
 4. Papiucr multiplex rubifeens. Double red or blufh Poppies. 
 
 This other kind of double Poppy differcth not in any other thing from the former, “ 
 bat only in the colour of the flowers, which are of a bright red,tending to a blufh co- 
 lour, parted.paned orftriped in many places with white, and exceedingly more lagged 
 then theformer, almoft like a feather at the ends, the bottomes of all the leaues being 
 white : the feede hereof is white as the former, whichis not lo in any other Poppie, 
 that beareth not a full white flower. 
 
 . o ‘ * !| 
 
 j . ftpiuer multiplex nigrum fuc purpureum. 
 
 Double purple or murry Poppies. 
 
 This kinde varyeth both in flowers and feede, although ney ther in leaues or any o. 
 ther thing from the firft : the flowers are thickc and double, and fomewhat iagged it 
 the ends, in fome more, in fome leffe,eyther red or blufh, or purplifli red, more or leffe, 
 or of a fad murrey or tawney, with browne,or blacke, or tawny bottomes : the feede 
 is ey ther of a grayifh blew colour, or in others more blackilh. 
 
 4. Paptuer Rhutsfitre multiplici. The double red field Poppie. 
 
 This double Poppie is like the wildeor fielde Poppie, which is well knowneto all 
 to haue longer, narrower, and more iagged greene leaues then the former, the ftalkes 
 more hairy , and the flower of a deepe yellowifh red colour, knownc to all. Now this 
 differeth in nothing from it, but in the doubleneffe of the flower,which is very thicke 
 and double, but notfolargeas the former. This rifeth of feede in the like manner as 
 they doe, and fo to bee preferued. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 From what placethey hauebeenc firft gathered naturally I cannot allure 
 you, but we haue had them often and long time in our gardens, being lent 
 from Italie and other places. The double wilde kindes came from Con- 
 ftantinople, which whether it gro weth neere vnto it or further off, we can- 
 not tell as yet. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 They flower in the beginning or middle of Iune at the furtheft,the feede 
 is ripe withiu a fmall while after. 
 
 ThcNames. 
 
 The generali knownc name to all, is Ptpuuer, Poppie : the feuerall diftin- 
 ttions are according to their colours. Yet our Englifh Gentlewomen in 
 fome places, call it by aby-name,Ione filuerpinne : /uhuuditur, Fairewith- 
 out and fowlc within. 
 
 TheVertues. 
 
 Itisnotvnknowne, Ifuppofctoany, that Poppie procureth ft eepe, for 
 which caufe it is wholly and onelyvfed, aslthinke ; but the water of the 
 
 wilde 
 
The Cj or den of pie af ant Flowers. 
 
 287 
 
 wilde Poppies, befidcs that it is of great vfe inPIeurefies,andRheumatick- 
 orthinneDiftillations,is found by daily experience, to bee a foueraigne re- 
 medy againft forfeits ; yet fome doe attribute this propertie to the water 
 of the wilde Poppies. 
 
 Chaf.LV. 
 
 Nigella. The Fenell flower, or Nigella. 
 
 A Mong the many forts of Nigella, both wilde and tame, both fingleand double, 
 I will onely fet downe three forts.to be nourled vp in this garden, referring the 
 reft to a Phyficke garden,or a generali Hiftorie, which may comprehend all. 
 
 1 . Nigella Htfpsnka flore flmplki. The great Spanifh Nigella. 
 
 Spanifh Nigella rifethvp with diuers greene leaues, fo finely cut, and intofo many 
 parts, that they are finer then Fenell, and diuided fomewhat like theleaues of Larkes 
 heeles, among which rife vp ftalkes, with many fuch like leaues vpon them,branched 
 into three or foure parts, at the toppe of each whereof ftandeth one faire large flower, 
 like vnto other fingle Nigella s, confiding of fiue or fix leaues fomctimes } of a bleake 
 blew, or of a purplifti blew colour, with a greene head in the middle, compaffed about 
 with feuen or eight fmall blewifh greene flowers, orpeecesof flowers rather, made 
 like gaping hoodes, witheueryof themayellowilhlinc thwart or croffe the middle 
 of them, with fomethreds alfoftanding by them : after the flower is paft the head 
 groweth greater, hauing fixe, feuen or eight homes as it were at the toppe, greater and 
 longer, and Handing dolertogcther then any other Nigella, fpreading very like a 
 ftarre,or the crowne of the Poppy head, but larger and longer, each whereof being 
 folded together, openeth a little when the head is ripe, which is greater aboue, ana 
 fmallcr below, and not fo round as the others are, containing within them fmall yel- 
 Iowifh greene feede, or not fo blacke as the other forts : the rootes are fmall and yel- 
 low, pcrifhing euery yeare as the others likewife doe. 
 
 2 .NigcUa Tumafcena flore multiplici. 
 
 Double blew Nigella, or The Fenell flower. 
 
 The double Nigella is in leaues, ftalkes and rootes, very like vnro the former Ni- 
 gella, fo that the one can very hardly bee difeerned from the other before this rife vp 
 to flower, except it be that the leaues hereof are not fully fo large as they : the flower 
 confiftethof three or foure rowes of leaues, laydeonevponanother,of apaleblew 
 colour, withagreeneround head compared with diuers fliort threads in the middle, 
 and hauing fiue or fixe fuch fmall greene Fenell-like leaues vnderthe flower, to beare 
 itvp (as it were) below, which adde a greater grace to the flowers, which atthefirft 
 fheweth fometimes white, but changeth quickely after : the homed heads hereof are 
 likevntotheheadsof the other wilde kinde, which are fomewhat rounder and grea- 
 ter, hauing within them blacke vneuen feedes, but without any fent. 
 
 3. Nigella Catrina flore albo multiplici. Double white Nigella. 
 
 This double white Nigella hath fuch like leaues as thclaft hath, but fomewhat lar- 
 ger, of a yellower greene colour, and not fo finely cut and iagged : the flowers are 
 fomewhat leffe, and lefler double then the former, and in colour white, hauing no 
 greene leaues vndcr the flower, as the former hath, the head whereof in the middle is 
 very like the head of the laft double kinde, but not fo great, wherein is contained black 
 feede for the moft part, and fweete like the Romane Nigella, which only is fweet be- 
 sides this : yet fometimes it is not fo blacke, but rather a little more white or yellow- 
 ilh: the roote is yellow, and perifheth as the others euery yeare.' 
 
288 
 
 The (jarden of plea/ ant Flowers. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 ASlthefe, andthereftbe found wilde in diuers Countreyes, as France, 
 Spaine,Italie, &c. but wee onelycheriih them in our Gardens for our de- 
 light. 
 
 TheTime. 
 
 they flower in the end of Iune, and in Iuly, or thereabouts.. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 They are called Mclinthium, G:tb, and NigeB.i, and of fome Flos D'tux 
 Catherine. We may either call them Nigeti* according to the Latine name, 
 or the Fcnell flower, as fome doe, becaufethe double blew Nigella hath 
 fmallFenell-likeleaues bearing vp the flower, as I (hewed before in the de- 
 feription. 
 
 ThcVertues. 
 
 Thefc Nigella’ s are nothing fo hot in qualitie as the fingle Romane kind 
 is as may well be knowne by the fmcll of the feede thereof, and therefore 
 are not fit to be vfed inthefteedof it, as many ignorant perfonsvfe to doe: 
 for the fingle Romane feede is vfed to helpe paines, and cold diftillations in 
 the head, and to dry vptherheume, Pena faith, that the preflfedoylcof the 
 feede as well taken inwardly as vfed outwardly is an excellent remedy for 
 the hardnelfc and fwelling of the fpleene. 
 
 Chap. LVL 
 
 Ptarmica fdaejlru [loro pleno. Double wilde Pelletory. 
 
 T He double wilde Pelletorie hathftraight and (lender ftalkes, befet with long 
 and narrow leaues,fnipt round about the edges, in all points like vnto the fin- 
 gle wilde kinde, that groweth common withvsalmofteuery where : on the 
 toppes of the ftalkes ftand fourc or fiue, or more white flowers, one aboueanother, 
 withagieeneleafeatthebottomeof the footeftalke of eueryoneof them, beeing 
 fmall thidee, and very double, with a little ycllowifhncflc in the middle of euery 
 flower like both for forme and colour vnto the flower of the double Featherfew,but 
 fmallcr : the rootes arc many long firings, running here and there in the ground : this 
 hath no fmell at all, but is delightfome only for the double white flowers. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 ... .... ; > 
 
 It is only cherifhed in fome few Gardens, for it is very rare. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 It flowreth in the end of Iune or thereabouts. 
 
 TheNames. 
 
 Itis called of mod Ptarmica, or Stermtamevtori*] of his qualitie to pro* 
 tioke ncefing -, and of fome Pnethrom.of i he hot biting trifle. We vfualty 
 call it Double wilde Pelletorie, and fotncSncrfewon,fi > F He bor us at bus is 
 yfually fo called, and I would not two t!.i; gsfi.c ^ -..d by one name, 
 
 for the miftaking and njit-ufing of them. 
 
The Cjarden of p tea f ant F tempers. 
 
 ... . 4 
 
 2 $? 
 
 ThcVertucs. 
 
 The properties hereof, nodoubr, may well bee referred to the Angle 
 kinde, beeing of the fame qualitie, yetasItakcit,alittlemoremildcand 
 temperate. 
 
 ' ; , ... 't 
 
 Chap. L VI I. 
 
 Parthenium flore pleno. Double Featherfew. 
 
 F Eatherfew that beareth double flowers is fo like vnto the Angle kinde, that the 
 one cannot be difeerned from the other, vntill it cotne to flower, bearing broad, 
 pale orfrefhgreeneleaues, much cutin on thefides : the ftalkes hauefuch like 
 leauesonthem as grow below, from the toppes whereof come forth many double 
 white flowers, like vnto the flowers of the former wilde Pelletory, but larger, and 
 like alfo vnto the flowers of the double Camomill : the fent whereof is as flrrong as 
 of the Angle. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 We haue this kinde only in Gardens, and as it is thought by others, is pe- 
 culiar only to our owne Countrey. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 It flowreth in the end of May, and in Iune and Iuly. 
 
 TheNames. 
 
 It is called diuerfly by diuers : Somethinkeitto be Parthenium of Dio- 
 fcorides,but not of Galen ; for his Parthenium is a fweet herbe,and isthoughc 
 to bee imaracue , that is Marierome : others call it Matricaria ; and fome 
 Amarclla. Gazatranflatcth it Muraleum, Thieph.lib.j, cap.']. It is generally 
 in thefe parts of our Country called Double Feaverfew, or Featherfew. 
 
 The Vertues. 
 
 It is anfwerable to all the properties of the Angle kinde which is vfed 
 for womens difeafes, to procure their monthly courfes chiefly. It is held 
 to bee a fpeciall remedy to helpc thofethat haue taken Opiumtoo liberally. 
 In Italy fome vfe to eate the Angle kinde among othergreeneherbes, as 
 Camerarius faith, but efpecially fry ed with egges, andfoit wholly lofcth 
 his ft tong and bitter tafte. 
 
 Chap. LVIII. 
 
 Chamamxlum. Camomill. 
 
 O Vr ordinary Camomill is well knowne to all, to haue many Anal trayling 
 branches, fet with very Ane final leaues, bulhing and fpreading thicke o- 
 uer the ground, taking roote ftill as it fpreadeth : the toppes of the branches 
 haue white flowei s, with yellow thrummes in the middle, yery like vnto the Feather- 
 few, before deferibed, but fomewhat greater, not fo hard, but more foft and gentle in 
 handling, and the whole herbe to be of a very fwcct fenr. 
 
 fib 
 
 x.Cha- 
 
The (jar den of p leaf ant Flowers. 
 
 290 
 
 i .cbimxmxlum nudum. Naked Camomill. 
 
 We haue another fort of Camomill in fome Gardens, but very rare , like vnto the 
 former, butthatitis whiter, finer, andfmallcr, and raifeth it fdfevp a little higher, 
 and beareth naked flowers ; that is, without that border of white leaues that is in the 
 former, andconfiftethonely of a yellow round thrummic head, finelling almoft as 
 fweetc as the former. 1 v 
 
 l. cbxmxmxlum flore pleno. Double flowred Camomill. 
 
 The double Camomill groweth with his leaues vpon the ground , as the other An- 
 gle kindedoth, but of a little frelher greene colour, and larger withall : the ftalkcs with 
 the flowers on them, doe raife themfelues vp alittle higher then the ordinary , and 
 bearing one or two flowers vponaftalk,which are compofed ofmany white leaues fet 
 together in diuers rowesfwhich make a fine double flower, with a little yellow fpot in 
 the middle for the mod paftt of cuery one, and are much larger then any Angle kinde, 
 fmelling better , and more pleafingthen the ordinary : this dothcreepe vpon the 
 ground as the other, but is more tender to be kept in the Winter. Yet if you faue the 
 flowers hereof (and fo will the double Featherfew alfo) when they haue flood long, 
 and ready to fade, andkeepe them dry vntill the Spring, and then breaking them or 
 pulling them to peeces, fowe them , there will fpringvp from them Camomill, and 
 alfo Featherfew, that will againc bcare double flowers. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 Our ordinary Camomill groweth wilde in many places of our Country, 
 and as well neare London as in other places. The others are onely found in 
 our Gardens , where they are cheriflied. Bauhinus faith , that the double 
 flowred Camomill is found wilde about Orleance in France. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 The double kinde is vfually in flower in Iune, before the ordinary kindc, 
 and moft commonly paft before it flowreth, which is not vntill July or Au- 
 guft. The naked Camomill flowreth betweene them both, or later. 
 
 / 
 
 The Names, 
 
 Camomill is called AntbemU, Leucunthemu , and Leucantbemum , of the 
 whitenefTe of the flowers; and Cbamxmxlum of the corrupted Italian name 
 Ctmtmiit. Some call the naked Camomill, chry/antbemum ciortt .m. The 
 double Camomill is called by forne Cbumxmxlum Romtmm flore multiflui. 
 
 ThcVertucs. 
 
 Camomill is put to diuers and fundryvfes, both for pleafure and profir, 
 both for inward and outward difeafes, both for the ficke and the found, in 
 bathings to comfort and ftrengthen the found, and to eafe paines in the dif- 
 cafed, as alfo in many other formes applyed outwardly. The flowers boy- 
 led in Pofletdrinkcprouokethfweat, and helpeth to expell colds, aches, 
 and other griefes. A Syrupemadeof theiuiceof the double Camomill, 
 with the flowers and white wine, as Bauhinus faith, is vfed by fome againft 
 the laundife and Dropfie, caufed by the euill difpofition of the fplene. 
 
 Chap- 
 
The Lfarden of p ley ant timers. 
 
 2pi 
 
 x Varibenium fltrt pleno. Double Feathcrfevr. i Cbamtenuelum nudum- Naked Camomill. 3 ibamamatum flore Double Ca- 
 momi'.l. 4 Vyretbrum officinar urn. PeWetory of Spaine. 5 Flos Aelohis flore rubro & flore luteo. Adonis flower both red & yellow. 
 6 Hellebore niger ferulaceus fine Bupbib almum. The great Oxc eye or the great yellow Anemone. 7 BuphtbaLmnm vulgare. The 
 common yellow Oxe eye. Bb 2. 
 
T he (jar den of pleafant Flowers. 
 
 
 Chap. LIX. 
 
 Pyrethrum effic'murum. Pellctory of Spaine. 
 
 I Muft needes adioyne vnto the Camomils this fine and tender plant, forfome neare 
 refemblance it hath with them in face, though not in quality. It is a fmall and lowe 
 plant, bearing many fine grecne leaucs vpon his {lender branches , which leane or 
 lye down vpon the ground, diuided into many parts, yet fomewhat larger and broader 
 then Camomill , the {hikes whereof arc bigger, and more iuicie then it : the flowers 
 that ftand at the toppes of the ftalkes arc (ingle , but much larger then any Camom ill 
 flower, hauing a pale or border of many leaucs , white on the vpperfidc, and reddifli 
 vnderneath,fet about the yellow middle thrumme ; but not ftandingfo clofetogether 
 aoyning at the bottome, as the Camomill flowers doe, but more feuered one from an- 
 other : it beareth fmall whitifli feede , which is hardly found and difeerned from the 
 chaffc : the roote is long, and growing downc right , of the bignefle of a mans finger 
 or thumbe in our Countrcy , but not halfe fo great where it growerh naturally , with 
 fome fibres and branches from thefides thereof, of a very hot, (harpe, and biting 
 tafte, drawing much water into the mouth, after it hath been chewed a while: the plant 
 with vs is very tender , and will hardly or not at all endure the hardneffe and extremi- 
 ties of our Winters, vnlcflfe it be very carefully preferued. 
 
 It groweth in Spaine wildein many places , and in other hot Countries 
 where it may feele no frofts to caufe it perilh. 
 
 It flowreth fo late with vs, that it is not vntill Auguft, that oftentimes we 
 cannot gather ripe feedcs from it,before it perilh. 
 
 The name Pyrethrum (taken from »i? f ,that is, if vis, fire) is giuen to this 
 plant, becaufe of the heate thereof, and that the roote is fomewhat like in 
 (hew, but fpecially in property vnto the true Pyrethrum of Diofcoridcs 
 which is an vmbelliferous plant, whoferootes are greater, and more feruent 
 a great deale, and hauc a hayricbulh ortoppeas Meum, andmanyorher 
 vmbelliferous plants haue. It is alfo called in Latine,*//»*™, of the effed 
 in drawing much moifture into the mouth, to be fpitout. Wcdoevfuallr 
 CallitPclletory of Spaine. 7 
 
 . If is in a manner wholly fpent to draw rheutne from the teeth, by chcwir 
 it in the mouth, thereby to eafe the tooth-ach , and like wife from the heat 
 in the paines thereof. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 The Names, 
 
 The Venues, 
 
 Cha?,. 
 
The (jar den of pleafant F termers. 
 
 
 Chap. LX. 
 
 Flos Adonis flore ruhro. Red Adonis flower. 
 
 A Donis flower may well be accounted a kinde of Camomill, although it hath 
 fomecfpeciall differences, hauing many long branches of leaues lying vpon 
 thegrQund,sndfomerifingvp with the ftalke, fo finely cutand iagged, thac 
 they much refemblc the leaues of May weed, or of the former NigilL at the top of the 
 ftalkes, which rife a foote high or better, ftandfmall red flowers, confiftingof fix or 
 eight round leaues, hauing a greene head in the middle, fet about with many blackifh 
 threads, without any finellatall after the flowers are part, there grow vp heads with 
 manyroundiflnvhitefeedesatthetoppesofthetn, fetclofe together, very like vnro 
 the heads of fcede of the great Oxe eye, fet downe in the next Chapter, but fmaller ; 
 the rootes arc fmall and thready , periihing euery yeare , but rifing of hif ownc feedc 
 againe, many times before Winter, which will abide vntill the next yeare. 
 
 Yellow Adonis flower is like vnto the red, but that the flower is fomewhat larger, f / <r£ btei ; 
 and of a faire y ello w colour. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 The firft groweth wilde in the corn fields in many places of our own coun ■ 
 try, as well as in others , and is brought into Gardens for the beauties fakd 
 oftheflower. Thcyellowisaftranger,butnourfedinour Gardens with o- 
 ther rarities. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 They flower in May or lune , as the yeare falleth out to be early or late i 
 the feed is foone ripe after, and will quickly fall away, if it be not gathered. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 Some haue taken the red kinde to be a kinde of Anemone ; other to be 
 Erant hemum of Diofcorides : the mod vfuall name now with vs is Fits Di- 
 donis, and Flos Adonidis : In Englifh , where it groweth wilde, theycallic 
 red May thes, as they call the May weede, white Maythes ; and l'ome of our 
 Englifh Gentlewomen call it Rofarubie : we v lually call it Adonis flower. 
 
 The Vertues; 
 
 It hath been certainly tryed by experience, that the feed of red Adonis 
 flower dtunke in wine, is good to cafe the paines of the Collicke and Stone. 
 
 Chap. LX I. 
 
 'Buphthalmum. Oxe eye. 
 
 V Nderthe name Buphthalmum, or Oxe eye, are comprehended two or three fe- 
 uerall plants, each differing from other, both in face and property, yet becaufe 
 theyallbeare one generali name, Ithinkc fitteftto comprife them all in one 
 Chapter,and firft of that which in leafc& feed commerh ncareft to the Adonis flower. 
 
 I . ’Buphthalmnm maius Jtue He Sc btrsu niger ferulaceus. 
 
 Great Oxe eye, or the yellow Anemone. 
 
 This great Oxe eye is a beamifull plant, hauing many branches of gitenc leaues 
 
 Bb 3 leaning 
 
‘fbe (jar den of pie af ant blower s . 
 
 leaning or lying vpon the ground for the mod part, yet fome Handing vpright, which 
 areas fine, but (horter then Fcnell; fome of them ending in a (mall tuft of green leaues, 
 and fome hauing atthe toppes of them one large flower apcecc , fome what reddilh or 
 brownifn on the ourfide, while they arc in bud, and a while after, and being open, {hew 
 themfelues to confid of twelue or fourteene long leaues , of afaire Alining yellow co- 
 lour, fet in order round about a greenc h cad, with yellow thrums in the middle, lay ing 
 themfelues open in the funne, or a faire day, but elfe remaining clofe : after the flower 
 is pad, the head growing greater, (heweth it felfe compact of many round whidfli 
 feede, very like vnto the head of feede of the Adonis flower lad deferibed , but much 
 greater : the rootes are many long blackifli fibres or firings, fet together at the head, 
 very likevntothe rootes af the lefter blacke Helleboror Bearefoote, but fomewhat 
 harder, differ, or more brittle, and feeming without moidure in them, which abide 
 and encreafe euery yearc. 
 
 2 ,'Buphthtlmum minus, feu Ant h emis flore luteo. Small Oxc eye. 
 
 This plant might feeme to be referred to the Camomils, but that it is not fweete, or 
 to the Come- Marigolds, but that the dalkcs and leaues are not edible : it is therefore 
 put vnder the Oxc eyes, and fo we will deferibe it ; hauing many weake branches lying 
 vpon the ground, befet with winged leaues, very finely cut and iagged, fomewhat like 
 vnto May weede, but a little larger : the flowers are likevntothe Corne Marigold, and 
 larger then any Camomill, being wholly yellow, as well the pale or border of leaues, 
 as the middle thrummes : the rootes are fomewhat tough and long. 
 
 3. Buphth&lmum vulgare. Common Oxecyc. 
 
 This Oxe eye rifeth v p with hard round (hikes , afootcand a halfe high 3 hauing 
 many winded leaues vpon them, made of diuers long and fomething broad leaues, 
 fnipt about the edges, fet together fomewhat like vnto Tanfie, but fmaller, and not fo 
 much winged : the flowers ftand at the toppes of the dalkes , of a full yellow colour, 
 both the outer leaues and the middle thrum, and not altogether fo large as the lad : the 
 rootes of this kinde perifli cuery y eare,and require a new fowing againe. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 The fird gro weth in diuers places of Audria, Bohemia , and thofe parts, 
 it hath beetle likewife brought out of Spaine. The fecond in Prouence , a 
 country in France. The lad in diuers places, as well of Audria as Morauia, 
 and about Mentz and Norimberg,as Clufius fetteth downe. We haue them 
 in our Gardens, but the fird is of the greated refpett and beauty. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 The fird flowreth betimes, oftentimes in March, oratthefurthedinA- 
 pill . the feede is ripe in May , 7 and mud be quickly gathered, left it bee loft. 
 The” other two flower notvntilllune. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 The fir ft is called Euphthalmum of Dodonaeus, Tfeudohellehorus of Mar- 
 thiolus , HeUeborus niger ferulaceus TheophraHi by Lobel, of fome others 
 I- lie b or m niger verm, vfing it for the true blacke Ellebor,but it is much diffe- 
 rin' 7 , as well in faceas properties. Ofothers Sefamoides minus . Some haue 
 thought it to be a yellow Anemone, that haue looked on it without further 
 iudgement, and by that name is mod vfually knowne to mod of our Englifh 
 Gentlewomen that know it. But it may mod fitly be called a Buphtbalmum, 
 as Dodonaeus doth, and Hifpanicum or Auftriacum, for didinftions fake. We 
 doc mod vfually call it Hellebore niger ferulaceae, as Lobel doth : Bauhinus 
 
 calleth 
 
T be (farden of pleajant t lowers. 2 p 5 
 
 calleth it Hellcbortu niger tenuiftlm 'Buphshtlmi flere. The fecond is called 
 Bunbtbilmum Nirbonenfe : In Englilh, The French, or lefler Oxe eye, as the 
 firftis calledjThegreat Oxe eye. Thelaft,ThecommonOxeeye. 
 
 TheVertues. 
 
 The firft hath been vfed in diuers places for the true blacke Ellebor, but 
 now is fufficiently knowne to haue been an errour ; but what Phyficall pro- 
 perty it hath, other then Matthiolushathexprefled, to be vfed as Setter- 
 wort for cattell, when they rowell them, to putor draw the reotes hereof 
 through the hole they make in the dcwelappe, or other places, fortheir 
 coughcsor other difeafes, I know not, or haue heard or read of any. The 
 others likewife haue little or no vfe in Phyficke now a day es that I know. 
 
 Chap. L XII. 
 
 Chryfinthemum. Corne Marigold. 
 
 A Lrhough the forts of Corne Marigolds, which are many, are fitter for another 
 then this worke,and fora Catholicke Garden of Simples, then this of Pleafure 
 and Delight for faire Flowers ; yet giue me leaue to bring in a couple : the one 
 for a corner ot by-place, the other for your choifeft, or vnderadefenced wall, in re- 
 gard of his ftatelinefte. 
 
 I. chryftntbemum Creticam. Corne Marigold of Candy. 
 
 This faire Corne Marigold hath for the mod part one vpright ftalke , two foote 
 high, whereon are fet many winged leaues , at euery ioynt one , diuided and cut into 
 diuers parrs , and they againe parted into feuerall peeces or leaues : the flowers growe 
 at thetoppes of theftalkes,rifing out ofafealy head,compofed of ten or twelue large 
 leaues,ota faire, but paleycllow colour, and more pale almoft white at the bottome 
 of the leaues, round about the yellow thrumme in the middle, being both larger and 
 fweeter then any of the other Corne Marigolds : the feede is whicifliand chaflie; 
 the roote perifheth euery yearc. 
 
 2 . chryfenthemum PeruuUmnn, pue pies Solis. 
 
 The golden flower of Peru, or the Flower of the Sunne. 
 
 Thisgoodly and {lately plant, wherewith euery one is now adayes familiar , being 
 of many forts , both higher and lower (with one ftalke, without branches , orwith 
 many branches, withablacke, orwith avvhitefeede, yet differing not in formeof 
 leaues or flowers one from another, but inthegreatnefle or fmalneflc)rifeth vpatthe 
 firft like vnto a Pompion with two leaues, and after two, orfourc more leaues are 
 come forth, it rifethvp into a great ftalke, bearing the leaues on it at feuerall diftan- 
 ces on all fides thereof, oneaboue another vnto the very toppe, being fometimes,and 
 infome places, feuen, eight, or ten foote high, which leaues {landing out from the 
 ftemme or ftalke vpon their feuerall great ribbed foote- {hikes , are very large , broad 
 belowe, and pointed at the end, round, hard, rough, of a fad greene colour , and 
 bending downewards : at the toppe of the ftalke flandcth one great, large , and broad 
 flower,bowing downe the head vnto the Sunne, and breaking forth from a great head, 
 made of fcaly greene leaues, like vnto a great fingle Marigold, hauing a border of ma- 
 nie long yellow leaues, fet about a great round yellow thrumme, as it were in the mid- 
 dle, which are very like vnto fhort heads of flowers, vnder euery one w hereof there is 
 a feede, larger then any feede of the Thirties, yet fomewhat like, and lefler, and roun- 
 der then any Gourd feede, fet in fo clofe and curious a manner, that when the feede is 
 taken out, the head with the hollow places or cels thereof, feemeth very like vnto an 
 bony combe- which feede is in fome plants very blacke, in the hotter countries, or very 
 
 white. 
 
The (jar den of pleafant Flowers. 
 
 white, and great, or large, but with vs is neither fo large, blacke, or white- but fome- 
 times blackidi or gray lfh. Sonic fort rifeth notvp halfe the height that others doe 
 and fome agaifle bcarc but one itemme or ftalke , withafiowerat the toppe thereof- 
 and others two or three, or more fmall branches, with euery one his flower at the end’ 
 and fome fo full of branches from the very ground almoft, that I haue accounted 
 threefcore branches round about the middle ftalke of one plant, the loweft neare two 
 yards long, others aboue them a yard and a halfe, or a yard long, with euery one his 
 flower thereon ; but all ( mailer then thofe that beare but one or two flowers and lefler 
 alfo for the moft part then the flower on the middle ftalke it felfe. The whole plant 
 
 and euery part thereof aboue ground hath aftrongrefinousfent of Turpentine and the 
 
 heads and middle parts of the flowers doe oftentimes (and fometimes the ioynts of 
 the ftalke where the leaues ftand) fweat out a moft fine thin & cleare Roffin or Turpen- 
 tme,but in fmall quantity, and as it were in drops, in the heate and dry time oft he y ear 
 fo like both in colour, fmell, and talk vnto cleare Venice Turpentine , that it cannot 
 be knowne from it .- the roote is ftrongly faftened in theground by fome greater roots 
 branching out, and a number of fmall firings, which growc- not deepe , but keepe vn- 
 der the vpper cruft of the earth, and defircth much moifture, yet dyeth euery yeare 
 with the firft frofts, and muft be new fowne in the beginning of the Spring. 1 1 
 
 The Place. 
 
 Their places are fet downe in their titles, the one to come out of Candy 
 the other out of Peru, a Prouince in the Weft Indies. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 The firft flowreth in Iune, the other later, as not vntill Auguft,and fome- 
 times fo late,that the early frofts taking it,neuer fuffer it to come to ripenefs. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 The firft hath his name in his title. The fecond , befides the names fet 
 downe, is called of fome Planta maxima, Pits maximus, Stl Indtanm, but the 
 moft vfuall with vs is, Flos Solis : In Englifh, The Sunnc Flower, or Flower 
 of the Sunne. 
 
 TheVertues. 
 
 There is no vfe of either in Phyficke with vs , but that fometimes the 
 heads ofthc Sunne Flower are dreffed,and eaten as Hartichokes are, and are 
 accounted of fome to be good meate,but they are too ftrong for my tafte. 
 
 Chap. LXIII. 
 
 Calendula. Marigolds. 
 
 S Ome haue reckoned vp many forts of Marigolds, I had rather make but two, the 
 fingle and the double; for doubtlefle, thofethat bemoftdotible, rifefromthe 
 beft feede, which are the middlemoft of the great double, and fome will be lefle 
 double, whofe feede is greater then the reft , according to the ground where it grow- 
 th ; as alfo thofe that be of a paler colour, doe come of the feed ofthe yellower fort. 
 
 I. Calendula maxima. The great Garden Marigold. 
 
 The Garden Marigold hath round greene ftalkes , branching out from the ground 
 into many parts, whereon are fet long flat greene leaues, broader and rounder at the 
 
 point 
 
T be (jar dm of p tea [ant t loiters 
 
2 $ 8 The (jar den of pleafant Flowers. 
 
 . __ Ji 1-*— 
 
 point then any where elfe,and ['mailer alio at theferting to of the (hike, where it com- 
 patTeth it about : the flowers are fometimes very thicke and double (breaking out of a 
 fcaly clammy greene head) com pofed of many rowesof leaues, fetfoclofe together 
 one within another, that no middle thrume can bee feene, and lomctimes leiTc double, 
 hauingafmallbrowne fpot of athrume in the middle : and fometimes but of twoor 
 three rowes of leaues, with a large browne thrume in the middle; euery one where- 
 of is fomewhat broader at the point, and nicked into two or three corners, of an ex- 
 cellent faire deepe gold yellow colour in fome, and paler in others, and of a pretty 
 ftrong and refinous fweete fenr : after the flowers are part, there fucceede heads of 
 crookedfeede, turning inward, theoutermoftbiggeft, andtheinnermoftlcaft : the 
 rooteis white, and fpreadeth in the ground, and in fome places will abideafterthe 
 feeding, but for the moft part perifhech, and rifeth againe of his owne feede. Some- 
 times this Marigold doth degenerate, and bcareth many fmall flowers vponfliorc 
 flalkes, comparing chemiddle flower: but this happeneth but feldome, andtbere- 
 foreaccounted but lufns nature, a play of nature, which (lie worketh in diuers other 
 plants befides. 
 
 2. CdinHuU Jimpltx. The angle Marigold. 
 
 There is no differencebetweene this and the former, but that the flowers are Angle, 
 conflftingof oncroweof leaues, of the fame colour; eyther paler or deeper yellow, 
 ftanding about a great browne thrumme in the middle : the feed likewife is alike, but 
 for the moft part greater then in the double kindes. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 Our Gardens are the chiefe places for the double flowers to grow in ■ for 
 weknownotof anyother naturali place : but the Angle kinde hath beens 
 found wilde injSpaine, from whence I receiued feede, gathered by Guil- 
 laume Boel, in his time a very curious, and cunning fearcher of Amples. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 They flower all the Summer long, and fometimes euen in winter, if it be 
 milde, and chiefly at the beginning of thofe raonethes, as it is thought. 
 
 TheNames. 
 
 They arc called Cdth* of diuers, and taken tebethat Ca//^»,wherofboth 
 Virgil and Columella haue written. Others doe call them CdenddtfJ the 
 Kalendes, that is the Erft day of themohthes, wherein they are thought 
 chiefly to flower ; and thereupon the Italians call them, Fieri di ognimtfe^ 
 that is, The Flowers of eucry moneth : We cal them in Englilh generally, 
 eyther Golds, or Marigolds. 
 
 TheVertues. 
 
 The herbe and flowers are of great vfe with vs among other pot-herbesj 
 and the flowers eyther greene or dryed,are often vfed in poflets, broths, anti 
 drinkes, as a comforter of the heart and Ipirits, and to expel any malignanc 
 or peftilenrial quality, gathered necre thereunto.The Syrupeand Conferite 
 made of the frefh flowers,are vfed for the fame purpofes to good ejfedf. 
 
 \ f# w# ft - ■■fcj 
 
 Chap. 
 
The (garden of p leaf ant Flowers. 
 
 299 
 
 Chap. LXIIII. 
 lister. Starre-worr. 
 
 D Iofcoridcs and other of the ancient Writers, hauefetforth but onckindeof 
 Starre-worr, which they call Aster Atticus, of the place no doubt, wherethc 
 greateft plentie was found, which was the Countrey of Athens : the later 
 Writers haue found outmany otherplants which they referre to this kinde, calling 
 them by the fame name. Itisnotmypurpofe toentreate of them all, neytherdoth 
 this garden fitly agree with them : I fiiall therefore fcledt out one or two f rom the reff, 
 and giue you the knowledge of them,leauing the reft to their proper place. 
 
 1. Aster At liens flore lute». Yellow Starre-wort. 
 
 This Starre-wort rifeth vp with two or three rough hairy ftalkes, a footeand a halfe 
 high, with long, rough or hairie, brownilh, darke greene leaues on them, diuided into 
 two or three branches : atthetoppeof cuery one whereof ftandethaflatfealy head, 
 compafiTed vnderncat h with flue or fixe long, browne, rough greene leaues, ftanding 
 likeaStarre, the flower it felte ftanding in the middle thereof, made as a border of 
 narrow, long, pale yellow leaues, fet with a brownilh yellow thrume : theroote dyeth 
 euery yearc, hauing giuen his flower. 
 
 a. Apr Atticus It diorum flere purpureo. Purple Italian Starre-wort. 
 
 This Italian Starre-wort hath many wooddy, round brittle ftalkes, rifing from the 
 roote, fomewhar higher then the former, foraetimes ftanding vpright, and other- 
 whiles leaning downewards, whereon are fet many fomewhat hard, and rough long 
 leaues, round pointed, without order vp tothetoppe, where it is diuided into feue- 
 rall branches, whereon ftand the flowers, made like vnto a finglc Marigold, with a bor- 
 der of blewilh purple leaues, fet about a browne middle thrume, the heads fuftaining 
 the flowers, arecompofed of diuersfcalygreeneleaues,asistobefeeneintheKnap- 
 weedes or Matfelons, which after the flowers are part yeelde a certaine downe, where- 
 in lye fmall blacke and flat feedcs, fomewhat like vnto Lettice feede, which are carried 
 away with the winde : the roote is compofed of many white firings, which perilheth 
 not as the former, but abideth, and fpringeth afrefheucry y eare. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 The firft is found in Spaine,as Clufius, andinFrance,asLobelfay. The 
 other hath beene found in many places in Germany.and Auftria : in Italic 
 alfo, and other places 5 we haue it plentifully in our Gardens. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 The firft flowreth in Summer. And the other not vntill Auguft or Sep-' 
 rember. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 The firft is called After Atticus flere luteo, Sulonium, ftr Inguimlu, and of 
 many is taken to be the true After Atticus of Diofcorides : yet Matrhiolus 
 thinketh not fo, for diuers good reafons, which heefetteth downe in the 
 Chapter of After Atticus, as any man may vnderftand,if they will but reade 
 theplace, which istoo long to bee inferted here. The otheris thought by 
 Matthiolus, to bee the truer After Atticus, (vnto whom I muft alfo confent) 
 and conftantly alfo affirmed to be the Amellus firgilij ,as may be feene in the 
 fame place : but it is vfually called at this day, After It olor urn ftorc curule» or 
 
 purfurcOf 
 

 ^oo The (jar den of plea) ant Flow ers. 
 
 furfureo. Their Englifh names arc fufficiently exprelfed in their cities, yet 
 fomecall the laft,The purple Marigold, bccaufc it is fo like vnto one in form. 
 
 The Vertues. 
 
 They are held, if they bee the right, to bee good for the biting of a mad 
 dogge,the greeneherbe being beaten with old hogs greafe, and apply cdj 
 as alfo for fwolne throats : It is likewifevfed for botches that happen in 
 the groine, as the name doth import. 
 
 Chap, LXV. 
 
 PilofeUa maior. Golden Moufe-eare. 
 
 S Omerefemblancethat the flowers of this plant hath with the former Golds, 
 maketh me to in fert it in rhis place, although I know it agreeth not in any other 
 part, yet for the pleafatlt afpeft thereof, it muff bee in this my garden, whole dc- 
 feription is as followeth : It hath many broade grecnc leaues fpread vpon the ground 
 fpotred with pale fpots,yet more confpicuous at fometimes then at other ; fomewhat 
 hairy both on the vpper and vnderfide, in the middle of thefe leaues rife vp one, two 
 or more blackifli hairy ftalkes, two fooce high at the lcaft, bare or naked vp to the top, 
 whereitbearethan vmbell, or Ihort tuft of flowers, fet clofe together vponfhorc 
 ftalkes, of the forme or fafhion of the Haukeweedes, or common Moufe-eare, but 
 fomewhat fmaller, ofa deep gold yellow, or orenge tawney colour, with fome yellow 
 threds in the middle, of little or no fent at all.-aftcr the flowers are part, the heads carry 
 fmall,fhort,blacke feede, with a light downie matter on them, ready to bee carried a- 
 way with the winde, as many other plants are, when they be ripe : the rootes fpread 
 vnder ground, and fljoote vp in diuers other places, whereby it much encreafeth, efpe- 
 ciaily if it be fet in any moift or lhadowic place. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 It groweth in the fhadowic woods of France, by Lions^nd Morapelicr,as 
 Lobellteftifieth : we keepeitinourgardens,andratherinafhadowiethca 
 ftmnie place. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 It flowreth in Somer,and fometimes againe in September. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 It is called by Lobell, Pulmonaria Gallorum Hier tty facie : andtheHerba- 
 rifts of France take it to bethe true Pulmonaria of Tragus.Others call it Hie- 
 nt turn flere auree. Pelleterius Hteratium Indicum. Some Pth/tBa, or Auricula 
 muris mtior flore aureo. And fome Cbondrilla flore aureo. Dalechamptus 
 would hauc it to bee Cor chorus, butfarre vnfitly. The fitteft Englifh name 
 we can giue it, is Golden Moufe-eare, which may endure vntill a fitter bee 
 impofedonit : forthenameof Grirathe Collier, whereby it is called of 
 many, is both idle and foolifh. 
 
 The Vertues. 
 
 The French according to the name vfc it for the defers of thcl'ingcs, 
 but with what good fuccelfe I know not. 
 
 Chap. 
 
The Ljarden of pie a! ant Hawn, 
 
 O' 
 
 Chap. LXVI. 
 
 Scorfinert . Vipers graffe. 
 
 A Lthough there be foure or flue forts of Set' finer a, yet I (hall here defire you to 
 be content with the knowledge only of a couple. 
 
 i . Seer finer a Hifieniu maior. T hegreater Spanifh Vipers graffe. 
 
 This Spanifh Vipers graffe hath diuers long, and fome-vhat broad leaues, hard and 
 crumpled on the edges, and fometimes vneuenly cut in or indented alfo, of a bletvifli 
 greenc colour : among which rifet h vp one ftalke,and no more for the molt part, two 
 foote high or thereabouts, hauing here and there fome narrower long leaues thereon 
 then thofe below : thetoppe of the ftalke brancheth it felfe forth into other parts, 
 euery one bearing a lo ig fcaly head, from out ofthe toppe whereof rifeth a faire large 
 double flower, of a pale yellow colour, much like vnto the flower of yellow Goates 
 beard, but a little lelfer, which being paft, the feede fucceederh, being long, whitifh 
 andrough, inclofed with much downe, and among them many other long fraooth 
 feedes, which are limber and idle, and are carryed away at the will of the winde : the 
 roore is long, thicke and round, brittle and blacke, with a certaine roughneffe on rhe 
 outfide : but very white within, yeclding a milkie liquor being broken, as euery other 
 part of the plant doth befides, yet the roote more then any other part, and abideth 
 many yeates without perilhing. 
 
 - • • • , . 1 f • ■ ■ • ■ • 
 
 i.Sco'finert Ttnnenki purpuret. Purple flowred Vipers graffe. 
 
 This purple flowred Vipers graffe hath long and narrow leaues, of the fame blcwifh 
 greene colour with the former : the ftalke rifeth vp a foote and a halfe high, with a 
 few fuch like leaues , but (hotter thereon, breaking at the top pc into two or three parts, 
 bearing on each of them one flower, fafhioncd like the former, and (landing in the like 
 fcaly knoppe or head, but of a ble wifh purple colour,nor fully fo large, of the Pvceteft 
 lent ofany of this kinde, comming necreft vnto the fmell of a delicate perfume. 
 
 *■ ' * * '* C " .-it • " - ' ' 
 
 The Place. 
 
 The firft is of Spaine. The other of Hungaric and Auftrich : which 
 now furnilh our gardens. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 They flower in the beginning of May : the feede is foone ripe after, and 
 then perilhing downe to the roote for that yeare, fpringeth afrefh before 
 Winter againe. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 They arecalledafterthe Spanifh name Scor finer*, which is in Latine rf- 
 pertria, of fome rtperini, and Serpentini : Wee call them in Englifh Vipers 
 gra(Te,or Scerjonen. 
 
 The Vertues. 
 
 o: ' 
 
 Manafdus as I thinke firft wrote hereof, and faith that it hath been found 
 to cure them that arebitten of a Viper, or other fuch like venemous Crea- 
 ture. The rootes hereof being preferued with fugar, as I haue done often, 
 doeeate almoft as delicateas theEringus roote, and no doubt is good to 
 comforr and ftrengthen the heart, and vitall fpirits. Some that haue vfed rhe 
 preferued roote haue found it effe&uall to expelling winde out ofthe fto- 
 macke, and to helpe fwounings and faintneffe of the heart, 
 
 : i Cc 
 
 Chap, 
 
The Cj&rden of pleafant Flowers. 
 
 301 
 
 Chap. LXVII. 
 
 Tragopogon. Goates beard. 
 
 I Muft in this place fct downe but two fortsof Goates beards ; the one blew or afii- 
 colour, the other red or purple, and leaue the other kindes : fome to bee fpoken of 
 in the Kitchin Garden, and others in a Phyficall Garden. 
 
 t. Tmgopogon flere ctruleo. Blew Goates beard. 
 
 All the Goates beards haue long , narrow , and fomewhat hollow whitilb greene 
 leaues, with a white line do wne the middle of euery one on the vpperfide : the ftalke 
 rifeth vp greater and ft ronger then the Vipers grade, bearing at the roppe a great long 
 head or huske, cotrlpofed of nine or ten long narrow leaues , the (harpe points or ends 
 whereofrifevpabouethe flower inthemiddle, which is thicke and double, fome- 
 what broad and large fpread , of ablewifh a(h-colour, with fome whitifh threads a- 
 mong them, (hutting or doling it felfe within the greene huske euery day, that it abi- 
 deth blowing, vntill about noone, and opening not it felfe againe vntill the next mor- 
 ning : the head or huske , after the flower is part , and the leede neare ripe, openeth it 
 felfe ; the long leaues thereof, which elofed not before now , falling downc round a- 
 bout the ftalke, and (lie wing the feede, (landing at the firft clofe together, and the 
 doune atthetoppeof them: but after they haue (food a while, it fpreadeth it felfe 
 round, and is ready to be carried away with the winde, if it be not gathered : the feede 
 it felfe is long, round, and rough, like the feede of the Vipers gralfe, butgreaterand 
 blacker : the roote is long, and not very great , but perilheth as foone as it hath borne 
 feede, and fpringeth ofthe fallen feede, that yearc remaining greene all Winter , and 
 flowring the next yeare following : the whole yeeldeth milke as the former, but fome- 
 what more bitter and binding. 
 
 1 . T ngspegm purpureum. Purple Goares beard. 
 
 There is little difference in this kind from the former, but that it is a little Iarger,both 
 in the leafe,and head that beareth the feed: the flowers alfo are a little larger, and fpread 
 more, of a darke reddifh purple colour, with fome yellow duft as it were caft vpon it, 
 cfpccially about the ends : the roote perilheth in the like manner as the other. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 Both thefe haue been fent vs from the parts beyond the Seas , I haue had 
 them from Italy, where no doubt they grow naturally wilde,as the yellow 
 doth with vs : they are kept in our Gardens for their pleafant flowers. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 They flower in May and Iunc : the feede is ripe in Iuly. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 Their generali name is after the Greeke word Tr*gep»g»n, which is in La- 
 tine, Barbi hirti : In Englilh, Goates beard ; the head of feede when it is rea- 
 die to bee carried away with the winde, caufingthat name for the refem- 
 blance : and because the flower doth euery day clofe it felfe at noone (as I 
 faid before) and openeth not againe vntillthe next Sunne, fome haue fitly 
 called it, Goe to bed at noone. 
 
 ThcVertues. 
 
 
 The rootesofthefe kindes arealittlc more bitter and more binding alfo 
 
 then 
 
T be (garden of plea) Ant timers. 303 
 
 then the yellow kinde exprefledin the Kirchin Garden ; arid therefore fit- 
 ter for medicine then for meate, but yet is vfed as the yellow kinde is, which 
 is more fit for meate then medicine. The diftilled water is good towalh 
 old fores and wounds. 
 
 Ch Ar.LXVIII. 
 
 Flos Africanus. The French Marigold. 
 
 O F the French or African Marigolds there are three kindes as principali, and of 
 tachof them both with fingle and double flowers : of thefe, fomediuer- 
 fity is obferued in the colour ofthe flowers, aswellas in the formeorlarge- 
 nefle, fo that as you may here fee, I haue expreffed eight differences , and Fabius Co- 
 lumna nine or ten, in regard hce maketh a diuerfity of the paler and deeper yellow co- 
 lour : and although the lefler kinde, becaufeofirseuill fcnt,is held dangerous, yet for 
 the beauty of the flower it findeth roome in Gardens. 
 
 I .Flos Africanus motor ftuc mtximus multiplex. 
 
 The great double French Marigold. 
 
 This goodly double flower, which is the grace and glory of a Garden in the time of 
 hisbeauty, rifeth vpwithaftraightandhard round greene ftalke, hauing fome crefts 
 or edges all along the ftalke, befet with long winged leaues , euery one whereof is like 
 vnto the leafeofan A(li, being comppfed of many long and narrow leaues, fnipt about 
 the edges, (landing by couples one agaimf another, with an odde one attheend, ofa 
 darke or full greene colour : the ftalke rifeth to be three or foure foote high , and diui- 
 deth it felfe from themiddlcthereof into many branches , fet with fuch like leaues to 
 the toppes of them, euery one bearing one great double flower , of a gold yellow co- 
 lour aboue, and paler vnderneath, yet fome are of a pale yellow , and fome betweene 
 both,and allthefe rifing from one and the fame feede : the flower, before it be blowne 
 open, hath all the leaues hollow ; but when it is full blowne open, it fpreadeth it felfe 
 larger then any Prouince Rofe, or cquall vnto it at the lead, if it be in good earth, and 
 rifeth out of a long greene huske, ftriped or furrowed, wherein after the flower is palf, 
 (which ftandeth in his full beauty a moneth , and oftentimes more , and being gathe- 
 red, maybe preferued in his full beauty for two moneths after, if it be fetin water) 
 ftandeth the (cede, fet thicke and clofe together vpright, wh chisblacke, fotne- 
 what flat and long : the roote is full of ftnall ft rings , whereby it ftrongly comprehen- 
 deth in the ground : the flower of this, as well as thefingle, is ofthe very fmell of new 
 waxc, or ofanhonie combe, and notofthat poifonfull fent of the fmaller kindes. 
 
 2 . Flos Africanus maior fimptex, The great fingle French Marigold. 
 
 This fingle Marigold is in all things fo like vnto the former, that it is hard todi- 
 feerne it from the double, but by the flowers, onelythe ftalke will be browner then 
 the double ; and to my beft obferuation, hath and doth euery yearc rife from the feede 
 of the double flower ; fo that when they are in flower , you may fee the difference (or 
 not much before, when they are in bud) this fingle flower euer appearing with thrums 
 in the middle, and the leaues, which are the border or pale (landing about them, (hew- 
 ing hollow or fiftulous, which after lay themfelues flat and open (and the double 
 flower appearing with all his leaues folded clofe together, without any thrum at all) 
 and are of a deeper or paler colour, as in the double. 
 
 3 . Flos Africanus fisiulofo flore (implex & multiplex. 
 
 Single and double French Marigolds with hollow leafed flowers. 
 
 As the former two greateft forts haue rifen from the feede of one and the fame (I 
 
 Cc a means 
 
304 . *Tht (jar den of pie af ant Flamers. 
 
 meane the pod of double flowers) fo doe thefe alio, not differing from it in any thing 
 but that they arc lower, and haue fmaller greene leaues,and that the flower alfo being 
 fmaller, hath cuery leafe abiding hollow, like vnto an hollow pipe, broad open at the 
 mouth, and is of as deepe a yellow colour for the moft part as the deepeft of the for- 
 mer, yet fometimes pale alfo. 
 
 4. Fits Africtnnt mints mult if lex. The lefler double French Marigold. 
 
 The lefTer double French Marigold hath his leaues in all things like vnto the for- 
 mer, but fomewhat lefTer, which are fet vpon round browne flalkes, not fo fliffe or vp- 
 right, but bowing and bending diuers wayes, and fometimes leaning or lying vpon the 
 ground : the flalkes are branched out diuerfly, whereon are fet very faire double flow- 
 ers like the former,and in the like greene huskes, but fmaller, andinfomethe outer- 
 moft leaues will be larger then any of the reft, and of a deeper Orenge colour , almoft 
 crimfon, the innermoft being of a deepe gold yellow colour, tending to crimfon : the 
 whole flower is fmaller, and of a ftronger and more vnpleafant fauour , fo that but for 
 the beautiful! colour, anddoublenefte of the flower, pleafant to the eye, and not to any 
 other fenfe, this kinde would findc ro#mc in few Gardens : the rootes and feedes arc 
 like the former, but lefTer. 
 
 y. fits Africtnus miner {implex. Thcfmall Angle French Marigold. 
 
 This finglc kinde doth follow after thelaftinall manner of proportion, both of 
 ftalkts, leaues, feedes, and rootes : the flowers onely of this are finglc, hauing fiue or fix 
 broad leaues, ofa deepe yellow crimfon colour , with deepe yellow thrummes in the 
 middle, and of as ftrong a (linking fent, or more then the laft. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 Theygrowc naturally in Africa, and efpecially in thepartsabout Tunis, 
 and where old Carthage flood, from whence long agoc they were brought 
 into Europe, where they are onely kept in Gardens, being fowne for the 
 moft part euery yeare, vnleffe in fome milde Winters. The laft Angle and 
 double kindes (as being more hardy) haue fometimes endured : but that 
 kinde with hollow leafed flowers, as Fabius Columna fetteth it downc, is 
 accounted to come from Mexico in America. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 They flower not vntill the end of Summer, efpecially thegreater kindes: 
 but the leffer, if they abide all the Winter, doe flower more early. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 They haue been diuerfly named by diuers men .-Some calling them Ct- 
 rytfhjUus Iniicm, that is, Indian Gilloflowcrs , and Ttntretnm PeruiAtnum, 
 Tanfie of Peru, as if it grew in Peru, a Prouincc of America j and Fits Istii- 
 t*t, as a flower of the Indies 5 but ir hath not beene knowne to haue beene 
 brought from thence. Others would haue it to be Othtnnt of Plinie,and o- 
 thersjfometo be Lje tper ftcum of Galen. It is called, and that more trudy, 
 FlosTnnetenfis , Fits Africanus , and C tithe Africtnt, that is, the flower of 
 Tunis, the flower of Africa, the Marigold of Africa, and peraduenture 
 Feint Pxntrnm. We in Englifh moft vfually call them, French Marigolds, 
 withtheir feuerall diftimftions of greater or fmaller, double or finglc. To 
 that with hollow leafed flowers, Fabius Columna giueth the name of Fi- 
 fliln/t pre, and I fo continue it. 
 
 The 
 
1 Fluxyifricanm maxim tu multiplex. The greateft double French Marigold. » F/#i ^Afriedntu maior mnleipltx. The greater double French Marigold 
 ) Flu^ifricantu maximut (implex The greateft fingle French Marigold. 4 Flu ^Afriaaruu multiplex fifiultjm. The doule hollow French Marigold» 
 5 flu ^ifritMims {implex JtJlultftu, The fin °lc hollow French Marigold . 6 Flu Africa»** r»i»*rmultiplox. rhefmallerdouble French Marigold. 7 Fits 
 +4jric0tut ntutf mnliipltx «tiftr.Ajiochcr lort of the lefler double FrCn«k MarigoM. 8 Fits ^AfiUatm minor fimpUx^Tlz lttfa; /logic Fcwh Mangold 
 
 Cc j * 
 
 ' 7 be Lfarcien ofpleafant t lowers. 
 
j f be (jar dm of pie aj ant Flowers. 
 
 
 TheYcrtucs. 
 
 Weknownovfethey haue in P hy fickc, but are cherifhed in Gardens for 
 their beautif ull flowers lake. 
 
 Chap. LXIX. 
 
 CiryophySm hortcufis. Carnations and Gilloflowers. 
 
 T O auoide confufion, I rauft diuidc Gilloflowers from Pinkes , and intreare of 
 them in fcocrall Chapters. Ofthofe that are called Carnations or Gilloflow- 
 ers, as ofthc greater kinde, in this Chapter; and of Pinkes, as well doubleas 
 Angle, in the next. But the number of them is lo great , that to giue feucrill deferipti- 
 ons to than all were endleffc, ac the leaft necdlefle : I will therefore fet downeonely 
 the deferiptionsofthree (for vnto thefe three maybe referredallthe other forts) for 
 their fafhionand manner of growing, and giue you the feucrall names fas they are vfu- 
 ally called with vs) of the reft, with their variety and mixture of colours in the flow- 
 ers, wherein confifteth a chicfe difference. I account rhofe that are called Carnations 
 to be the greateft, both for leafeand flower, and Gilloflowers for the moft part to Lee 
 leflerin both; and therefore will giue you each defeription apart, and the Orenge 
 tawnie or yellow Gilloflowerlikewifebyit felfc,as differing very notably from ali 
 the reft. 
 
 I . CuryophyUnt muximm mrrvicenfis fiut Anglian. 
 
 The great Harwich or old Englilh Carnation. 
 
 I take this goodly great old Englifh Carnation, as a prefident for the defeription of 
 all the reft of the greateft forts, which forbis beauty and ftatelincfle is worthy of a 
 prime place , hauing beenc alwayes very hardly preferued in the Winter ; and there- 
 fore not fo frequent as the other Carnations or Gilloflowers. It rifeth vp with a - rear 
 thickc round ftalke, diuided into feuerall branches, fomew hat thickly fet with ioynts, 
 andateuery ioynt two long greene rather then whitifh leattes, fomewhat broader 
 then Gilloflower lcaues, turning or winding two or three times round (in fome other 
 forts of Carnations they are plaine,but bending the points downewards, and in fome 
 alfo ©f adarke reddifn greene colour, and in others not fo darke, but rather of a vvhitifli 
 greene colour: ) the flowers ftandat the toppes of the ftalkcs in long, great, and round 
 greene huskes, which are diuided into fiue points, out of which rife many long and 
 broad pointed leaues, deeply iagged at the ends, fet in order round and comely, ma- 
 king a gallant great double flower , of a deepe Carnation colour, almoft red , f ported 
 with many blufh fpots and ftrakes, fome greater and fomelefFer , of an excellent foft 
 fweete lent, neither too quickeas many others of thefe kinds are, nor yet too dull, and 
 with two whitilb crooked threads like homes in rhe middle: this kinde neuerbeareth 
 many flowers, but as it is flow in growing , fo in bearing, not to be often handled, 
 which fheweth a kinde of ftatelindTe, fit topreferue the opinion of magnificence: 
 the roote is branched into diuers great, long, wooddy rootes , with many fmall fibres 
 annexed vneo them. 
 
 2. CurytphyKas bortenfn fltre pleno rubro. The red or Cloue Gilloflower. 
 
 The red Cloue Gilloflower, which I takcas a prefident for the fccond fort, which 
 are Gilloflowers, grow like vnto the Carnations, but not fo thicke fet with ioynts and 
 leaues : the ftalkcs are more, the leaues are narrower and whiter for the moft parr, and 
 in fome doeas well a little turne : the flowers are final ler , yet very thicke and double 
 iamoft, and the greene huskes wherein they ftand are fmallcr likewift- then the for- 
 mer r the ends ofrhc leaues in this flower, as in all thcreft, arc dented or iagged, yet 
 in fome more then mothers ; fome alfo hauing two fmall white threads, crooked atthe 
 ends Uke homes, in the middle of the flower, when as diuers other haue none. Thefe 
 
 kindcs. 
 
j f aytphyUm maximta ruir» varim.The gi eat old Carnation or gray Hulo. 1 Cary ophy tins maior rubri &*lba varius, 1 he white C<r. acion. j Carp»- 
 phylltu alt» r»b e ai. The Camberfieeorthe Po»le flower. 4 C* r y>Hby\l*u £antip jbtatu*. The faire made of Kent. t farytphiUiu S~bautii«M carneus. 
 Tne blulhSatjadge. * Caryiphylltu X#r4w^*.'j>««.rhcGredelmeCarnatioa. 7 (aryoph-<llM difitu Cjrime ». ThcGnmclour Piraee. a Caty*- 
 fbjUwAlbm main. Th.c great white Gjlloflower. 6 SlegaeiHiroinaHradpjav^. Maficr Bradlhawcs daiaty Lady. 
 
 The Ljarden of pie ?/ ant h (ewers. 
 
 ;o7 
 
3®S c £ he (jar den of pleafant blowers. 
 
 kindes,and efpecially this that hath a deepe red crimfon coloured flower, doc endure 
 the cold of our winters, and with lefiecare is preferued : thefe forts as well as the 
 former doe very feldome giue any feede, as far as I could euer obferue or learne. 
 
 3 . CtryophyOus Silefucus Jure flent miniat t. 
 
 The yellow or Orenge tawny Gilloflower. 
 
 This Gilloflower hath his ftalkes next Vrtto the ground, thicker fet,and with fmaller 
 or narrower leaues then the former for the moft part : the flowers are like vnto the 
 Cloue Gilloflowers, and about the fame bignefle and doublencflTe moft vfually yet 
 in fome much greater then in others ; but of a paleyellowifli Carnation colour, ’ ten- 
 ding to an Orenge, with two fmall white threds, crooked at the ends in the middle 
 yet fome haue none, of a weaker fent then the Cloue Gilloflower : this kindcis more 
 apt to beare feede then any other, which is fmall, black, flat, and long, and being fowen 
 yeeldewonderfull varieties both of Angle and double flowers: fome being of a 1 i - h- 
 ter or deeper colour then the mother plants : fome with ftripes in moft of the leaues ■ 
 Others are ftriped or fpotted,likc a fpeckled Carnation or Gilloflower, in diuers forts 
 both fingle and double: Some againe are wholly of the fame colour, like the mother 
 plant, and areeyther more or lefle double then it, or elfe are fingle with one row of 
 leaues, like vnto a Pinck ; and fome of thefe likewife eyther wholly of a crimfon red 
 deeper or lighter, or variably fpotted, double or fingle as a Pinck, or blufh eyther 
 fingle or double, and but very feldome white: yet all of them in their grecnc leaues 
 little or nothing varying or differing. 
 
 CariepbyUi maximi. CARNATIONS. 
 
 Csryopbyllgs maximus dittos 
 Hulo rttbro-varius. 
 
 T He gray Hulo hath as large leaues as the former old Car- 
 nation, and as deepelyiagged on the edges : it hatha 
 great high ftalke, whereon ftand the flowers, of a deepe 
 red colour, ftnped and fpeckled very clofe together with a 
 darkilh white colour. 
 
 Hmyopbyllus maximus dittos . 
 Hulo ruber non variatus. 
 
 Caryophyllus maximus dittos 
 Hulo Cttruleo purpureus* 
 
 Caryopbyllus maximus dittos 
 Gr'mtlo JiucFrinceps. 
 
 caryophyllus maximus Incur, 
 nadinur albus. 
 
 Caryopbyllus maximus Incur - 
 Hadinut Gallicus. 
 
 Caryo phyllus maximus lucar- 
 tmdinus graudtf. 
 
 The red Hulo is alfo a fairegreat flower, of a ftamell colour, 
 deeply iagged as the former, and groweth very comely withouc 
 any fpot ac all in it, fo that it feemeth to bee but a ftamell Gillo- 
 flower, fauc that it is much greater. 
 
 Theblew //«/a is a goodly fa ire flower, beingof afairepur- 
 plifti murrey colour, curioufly marbled with white, but fo final- 
 ly to be difeerned, that it feemeth only purple, it hath fo much 
 theMaftrieinit ■ itrefembleth the Eraflill, but that it is much 
 bigger. 
 
 The Grimelt or Prince is a faire flower alfo, as large as any 
 Chryftall or larger, being of a faire crimfon colour, equally for 
 the moft part ftriped with white, or rather more white then red, 
 thorough euery leafe from the bottome,and ftandeth comely. 
 
 The white Carnation or Delicate, is a goodly delightfull fair 
 flower in his pride and perfection, that is, when it is both mar- 
 bled and flaked, or ftriped and fpeckled with white vpon an in- 
 carnate crimfon colour, beeing a veiy comely flower, but abi- 
 deth not conftant, changing oftentimes to haue no flakes or 
 ftrakes of white, but marbled or fpeckled wholly. 
 
 The French Carnation is very like vnto the white Carnation, 
 but that it hath more fpecks, and fewer ftripes or flakes of whit? 
 in the red, which hath themaflrieof the white. 
 
 The ground Carnation fifit be not the fame with the graund 
 or great oid Carnation firft fet downe, as the alteration but of 
 one letter giueth the conicdturc) is a thicke flower, but fpreadeth 
 
 not 
 
The (jar den of pleafant Flowers. 
 
 p9 
 
 Carjophyllus maxim* 5 Cbrj- 
 Jlallinut. 
 
 Carjophyllus maximus fore 
 rubra. 
 
 Carjophyllus maximus dittut 
 fragrans. 
 
 Carjophyllus maximus Sabau* 
 dicut varius. 
 
 Carjophyllus maximus Sabau- 
 dicus carneus. 
 
 Carjophyllus maximus Sabau- 
 dicut ruber. 
 
 Carjophyllus maximus Oxoni- 
 tnfs. 
 
 Carjophyllus maximus Regius, 
 fine Brijiolienfis maior. 
 
 Carjophyllus maximus Crcma- 
 tenfis. 
 
 carjophyllus maximus Gran 
 Ten dittut. 
 
 Carjophyllus maximus camber « 
 fine dittus. 
 
 hot his leaues abroade as others doe, hauing the middle (landing 
 higher then the outer leaues, and turning vp their brimmes or 
 edges* itisafadflower,\vithfewftripesorfpotsinit : itisve- 
 ry fubie&to bre.ike the pod, that the flower feldome commetli 
 faire and right j the greene leaues areas great as the Hulo or 
 Lombard red. 
 
 The Chry flail or Chryftallineffor they are both one,hdwfcs- 
 euer fomc would make them differ) is a very delicate flower 
 when it is well marked, but it is inconftant in the markes, being 
 fometimes more ftriped with white and crimfon red, and lome- 
 timesleffe or little or nothing at all, and changing alfo fome- 
 times to be wholly red, or wholly blufli. 
 
 The red Chryftall, which is the red hereof changed, is the 
 moft orient flower of all other red Gilloflowers, becaufc it is 
 both the greateft, as comming from the Chry flail, as alfo that* 
 the red hereof is a mod excellent crimfon. 
 
 The Fragrant is a faire flower, and thought to come from the 
 Chry (fall, being as large, but of a blufli red colour, fpotted with 
 fmall fpeckes, no bigger then pinnes points, but not fo thicke as 
 in the Pageant. 
 
 The ftript Sauadge is forforme and bigneffe equall with the 
 Chryftall or White Carnation, but as inconftant as ey ther of 
 them, changing into red or blufli ; fothat few branches with 
 flowers containe their true mixtures, which are a whitifli blufli, 
 faircly ftriped with a crimfon red colour, thicke and fliort, with 
 fomc fpots alfo among. 
 
 Theblufli Sauadge is the fame with the former, the fame root 
 of thcftriptSauadge,as!faidbefore, yeelding one fide or part 
 whofe flowers will be eyther wholly blufli, or hauing lome (mall 
 fpots, or fometimes few or none in them. 
 
 The red Sauadge is as the blu(h,when the colour ofthe flower 
 is wholly red without any (tripes or fpots in them, and fo abi- 
 dethlong ; y et it is fometimes feene, that the fame (ide, or parr, 
 or roote being feparate from the firft or mother plant, will giue 
 ftriped and well marked flowers againe. 
 
 The Oxeford Carnation is very like vnto the French Carna- 
 tion, both for formejlargeneffe and colour: but that this is of a 
 fadder red colour, fo finely marbled with white thereon, that 
 the red hauing the maiftry,flieweth a very fad flower, not hauing 
 any flakes or ftripes at all in it. 
 
 The Kings Carnation or ordinary Briftow, is a reafonable 
 great flower, deepely iagged, of a fad red, very finally ftriped 
 and fpeckled with white : fomeof the leaues of the flower on 
 the one fide will turnevp their brimmes or edges s the greene 
 leafe is very large. 
 
 The greateft Grtmtit is a very faire large flower, bigger then 
 the Chryftall, and almoft as bigge as the blew Halo : it is almoft 
 equally diuided and ftript with purple and white, but the purple 
 is fadder then in the ordinary Grtntdo Gilloflower, elfe it might 
 bee faid it were the fame, but greater. Diuers haue taken this 
 flower to bee the GratPcre, but you (hall haue the difference 
 flie wed you in the next enfuing flower. 
 
 The Grtn Pere isa fair great flower, and comely for the forme, 
 but of no greatbeautiefor colour, becaufealthoughit beftripc 
 red and white like the Queenes Gilloflower, yet the red is fo fad 
 that it caketh away all the delight to the flower. 
 
 The Camberfineis a great flower and a faire, beeingaredde 
 flower, well marked or ftriped with white, fomc what like vnto a 
 
 Sauadge 
 
;io 
 
 c / he (jar den of plenfant Flowers. 
 
 CerptpbjUus Biximus Ltngo- 
 btriitet ruber. 
 
 Sauadgc,fay fotne,but that the red is not ci imfon as the Sauadge; 
 others fay theDaintie, but not fo comely : the leauts of the 
 flowers arc many,and chruft together, without any due forme of 
 fpreading. 
 
 The great Lombard red is a great fad red flo wer, fo double and 
 thick of leaues, that it mod vfually breaketh the pod, and fel- 
 dome (heweth one flower among twenty perfect : the blades or 
 greene leaues are as large as the little. 
 
 CerjefbjBt mejerer. 
 
 terjufbUtU meierirefimie- 
 egtrimjit. 
 
 Ceryofbyllei «tier Uri/tolica. 
 
 ju 
 
 emjiphylles meUr SrijWi*» 
 fit carnsus. 
 
 Caryophylltts maior Voroborni- 
 omfis rubor, 
 
 CsryiokylJus maior Doroborni- 
 Vtfa dilutus fiue alb us> 
 
 Caryoptyllus maior Cantii. 
 
 taryophyllus maior Rtgixcui. 
 
 caryopbyUus maior elegans. 
 
 Carytpbytlus maior BrafUienfs. 
 
 CgrjspbjRus maior Granu^ 
 
 Unfit, 
 
 Gilloflowers. 
 
 T He Iuftic Gallant or Weftminfter (fome make them to be 
 one flower, and others to bee two, one bigger then the 
 other) at the firft blowing open of the flower (heweth 
 to be of a reafonabic fizeand comelineffe, but after it hath flood 
 blowen forac time it (heweth fmaller and thinner : it is of a 
 bright red colour,much ftriped and fpeckled with white. 
 
 The Briftow blew hath greene leaues,fo large, that it would 
 feeme to bring agreater flower then it doth, yet the flower is of 
 a reafonable fizc, and very like vnto the ordinary Gr emtio Gillo- 
 flower, fttiped and flaked in the fame manner, but that the white 
 of this is purer then that, and the purple is more light, and ten- 
 ding to a blew : this doth not abide con flant, but changeth into 
 purple or blufh. 
 
 The Briftow blufh is very like the laft both in leafe and flower, 
 the colour only (heweth the difference, which (eldomevaryeth 
 to bi fpotted,or change colour. 
 
 The red Douer is a reafonable great Gilloflower and conflant, 
 being of afairercdthickepoudered with white fpots, andfee- 
 meth fomewhat like vnto the ground Carnation. 
 
 The light or white Douer is for forme and all other things 
 morecomelythentheformer,thccolour of the flower is blulh, 
 thicke fpotted with very fmall fpots, that it feemeth all gray, and 
 is very dtlightfull. 
 
 The faire maide of Kent, or Ruffling Robin is a very beautiful 
 flower, and as large as the white Carnation almoft: the flower is 
 white,thicke poudered with purple, wherein the white hath the 
 maftrie by much, which makcrh it the more pleafant. 
 
 The Queenes Gilloflower is a reafonable faire Gilloflower al- 
 though very common, ftriped red and white, fomegreatand 
 fome fmall with long ftripes. 
 
 The Daintie is a comely fine flower, although itbe not great, 
 andforthefmaHneffeandthinnelTe of the flower being red fo 
 finely marked, ftriped and fpecklcd,that for the liuelinefie ofthc 
 colours it is much defired, beeing inferiour to very few Gillo- 
 flowers. 
 
 The Braflill Gilloflower is but of ameanefize,being of a fad 
 purple colour, thicke poudered and fpeckled with white, 
 the purple herein hath the maftrie, which maketh it (hew 
 the fadder, it is vneonftant, varying much and often to 
 bee all purple t the greene leaues lye matting on the 
 ground. 
 
 The Greneio Gilloflower is purple and white, flaked and ftri- 
 ped very much: rhis is alfo muc It fubiedt to change purple.Therc 
 is a greater and a lefier of this Linde, befides the greateft that is 
 formerly dderibed. 
 
 The 
 
The (jar den of flea) ant timers. 
 
 311 
 
 Ctryopbyllus Turcicus, 
 Caryopbyllut Cambresjh Poole, 
 
 Cary opbyBus Pegma dilutior . 
 
 CaryapbyUus Pegma faturatior. 
 
 Caryophyllus Heroina diftus 
 elegans Magijlri iradfhany. 
 
 Caryephyltus albus optimus 
 maser Lendinenfts & alius. 
 
 caryophyllus maior rubens 
 & minor. 
 
 CaryopbyUus purpureus maior 
 fir minor. 
 
 Caryepbydus Perfico violaceus. 
 
 ceryephyllus purpuro ca rule us. 
 
 The Turkie Gilloflo wer is but a fmall flower, but of great de- 
 light, by reafon of the well marking of the flower, being moll 
 viually equally ftriped with red and white. 
 
 The Poole flower, growing naturally vpon the rockcs nearc 
 Coglhot Cable in the Ifle of Wight, is a fmall flower , but very 
 pleafant to the eye, by reafon of the comely proportion thereofj 
 it is of a bright pale red, thickefpecklcd, and very fmall with 
 white , that it feemeth to bee but one colour , the leaues of the 
 flower are but finally lagged about :it is conflant. 
 
 The light or pale Pageant is a flower of a middle fize, very 
 pleafant to behold, and is both conflant and comely , and but 
 that it is fo common, would be of much more refpeifl then it is : 
 the flower is ofa pale bright purple, thicke poudered, and very 
 euenly with white, which hath the maftery , and maketh it the 
 moregracefull. 
 
 The fad Pageant is the fame with the former in forme and 
 bigneffe, the difference in colour is, that the purple hath the ma- 
 ftcry, which maketh it fo fad , that it doth refcmble the Braffill 
 for colour, but is not fo bigge by halfe. 
 
 Mafter Bradfliawc his dainty Lady may bee well reckoned a- 
 mongthefe forts of Gilloflowers, and compare for neateneffe 
 with mod of them : the flower is very neate, though fmall, with 
 a fine fmall iagge, and of a fine white colour on the vnderfide of 
 all the leaues , as alfo all the whole iagge for a pretty compafTe, 
 and the bottomc or middle part of the flower on thevpperfide 
 alfo: but each leafe is ofa fine bright pale red colour on thevp- 
 perfide, from the edge to the middle, which mixture is of won- 
 dcrfull great delight. 
 
 The beft white Gilloflower groweth vpright , and very dou- 
 ble, the blades grovve vpright alfo, and crawle not on the 
 ground. 
 
 The London white is greater and whiter then the other ordi- 
 nary white, being wholly of one colour. 
 
 Theflamell Gilloflower is well knownetoall, not to differ 
 from the ordinary red orcloue Gilloflower, but only in being of 
 a brighter or light red colour : there is both a greater and a Idler 
 of this kinde. 
 
 The purple Gilloflower a greater and a ldfc : the ftalkc is fo 
 flender, and the leaues vpon them fo many and thicke, that they 
 lye and trade on the ground : the greareft is almoft as bigge as a 
 Chry flail, but not fo double : the lefTe hath a fmallcr flower. 
 
 The Gredeline Gilloflower is a very neate and handfome 
 flower, ofthebigndfeoftheClouc red Gilloflower, of a fine 
 jalcreddifh purple or peach colour, cnclining to a blew or vio- 
 Jct, which is that colour is vfually called a gredeline colour: 
 it hath no affinity with eyther Purple, Granado,or Pageant. 
 
 The blew Gilloflower is neither very double nor great, yet 
 round and handfome, withadeepeiaggeat theedge, andisof 
 an exceeding deepe purple colour, tending to a tawnie:this 
 differeth from all other forts , in that the leafe is as greeneas 
 graffe,and theftalkes many times red or purple : by the greenc 
 leaues it may be knownc in the Winter, afwellets in the Sum- 
 
 1, 
 
 rner 
 
 caryepbyllus carneus. 
 
 Caryophyllus Site flatus 
 maximus U'ittie. 
 
 Theblufh Gilloflower differeth not fror ,ie red orftamel!, 
 
 but only in thecolour of the flower, which sblufli. 
 
 lohn Wittie his great tawny Gilloflower i for forme of grow- 
 ing, in leafe andflower altogether like vntc, the ordinary tawny, 
 the flower oncly.b'ecaufe it is the faireftai'd greatefl that any o- 
 
 rher 
 
 4 
 
3U The garden of plea f ant Flowers. 
 
 ther harh nourlcd vp, makcth the difference , as alio that it is of 
 a faire deepe fcarlct colour. 
 
 There arc alfodiucrs other Tawnies, either lighter or fadder, 
 either leiTeormore double, that they cannot be numbered, and 
 all rifiag (as I faid before) from fowing the feede of fome of 
 them : befides the diuerfities of other colours both Ample and 
 mixed, euery yeareand place yeelding fome variety was not fecn 
 with them before : I (hall needc but onely to giue you the names 
 of fome of them we haue abiding with vs, I meane fuchas hauc 
 receiued names, and leaue the reft to euery ones particular de- 
 nomination. 
 
 OfBiudiestherearemany forts,as the deepe blulh, the pale 
 bluflr, the Infanta blufh, a blufn enclining to a red , a great blufh, 
 the faireft and moft double of all the other bluflies , and many 
 others both (ingle and double. 
 
 ; Of Reds likewife there are fome varieties, but not fo many as 
 of the other colours ; for they are moft deador deepe reds , and 
 few ofa bright red or ftaraell colour 5 and they are (ingle like 
 Pinkes, either fttiped or fpccklcd, or more double ftriped and 
 fpeckled variably, or elfe 
 
 There arc neither purple nor white that rife from this feede 
 that I haue obferued, except one white in one place. 
 
 (erjtfiijCuu si'tfuiui Jtrinw. "The ftriped Tawny are eithergreatcr or leffer, deeper or light- 
 er flowers twenty forts and aboue,and all ftriped with (mailer or 
 larger ftripes, or equally diuided,of a deeper or lighter colour : 
 and fome alfo for the very fliape or forme will bee moreneatc, 
 clof-‘,and round ; others more loofe,vncquall,and fparfed. 
 cayfifl* siitpum Themarbled Tawny hath not fo many varieties as the ftriped, 
 b ut: j s 0 f as g rcat beauty and delight as it, or more .-the flowers 
 are greater or fmaller, deeper or lighter coloured one then ano- 
 ther, andtheveinesormarkesmorcconfpicuous, or more fre- 
 quent ia fome then in others : but the moft beautifull that eucr I 
 did fee was with Mailer Ralph Truggic, which I muft needes 
 therefore call 
 
 Henint SMfbi fltrum 
 Imfcrttms. 
 
 Ctrjofb)Uut Sittfitcustjfxlcfut 
 
 ttnybyllm SiUjlUM 
 flumuia. 
 
 Ctrjlphylliii SileJuKM 
 fuuCltlut. 
 
 Matter Tuggies PrincdTe, which is the greateft and faireft of 
 all thefe forts of variable tawaies,orfeed flowers, being as latge 
 fully as the Prince or Chryftall, or fomething greater, (landing 
 comely and round,notloofe or fluken, or breaking the pod as 
 fome other forts will 5 the marking of the flower is in this man- 
 ner: It is ofa ftamell colour, ftriped and marbled with white 
 ftripes and veines quite through euery leafe, which arc as deeply 
 lagged asthe Hulo : fometimes it hath more red then white, and 
 fometimes more white then red, and fometimes fo equally mar- 
 ked, that you cannot difeerne which hath the maftery ; yct which 
 of thefe hath the predominance, ftill the flower is very beauti- 
 full, and exceeding delightfomc. 
 
 The Flaked Tawny is another diuerfity of thefe variable or 
 mixt coloured flowers, being of a pale reddilh colour , flaked 
 with white, not alwaies downeright,but often thwart the leaues, 
 fome more or lefle then others ; the marking of them is much 
 like vnto the Chryftall : thefe alfo as well as others will be grea- 
 ter or fmaller, and of greater or lefle beauty then others. 
 
 The Feathered Tawny is more rare to meete with then many 
 ofthe otherjfor moft vfually it is a faire large flowerand double, 
 equalling the Lumbard red in his perfection : the colour hereof 
 ijvfually a fcarlet, little deeperor paler, moft curioufly feathe- 
 red and dreamed with white through the whole leafe. 
 
 The Speckled Tawny is of diuers forts, fome bigger, fome 
 
 Idle, 
 
V' 1 '* 
 
 '•4tM ■■-')?' ■ ■ fc ’ *&*/ 
 
 ■ ;; ' ft ', ■- 
 
 £ &\3SpIl * i'-M 
 
 The Cj Arden of pleafmt Fiotam. 
 
 

 The Cjarcien of p lea) ant Flowers. 
 
 leffe, fome more, and fome lelTe fpottcd then others : V fually it 
 isadeepefcarlct,fpeckled or fpotted with white, hauingalfo 
 fome ftripes among the leaues. 
 
 Matter Tuggiehis Rofe Gilloflower is of the kindred of thefe 
 ''•f‘ US r ° Mniui Tawnies,being raifed from the feedeof fome of them,and onely 
 n poirdTcd by him that is the moftinduftriouspreferuer of all na- 
 
 tures beauties, being a different fort from all other, in that it hath 
 round leaues, without any iagge at all on the edges, of a fine fta- 
 raell full colour, without any fpot or ftrake therin,vcry like vnto 
 a fmall Rofe, or rather much like vnto the red Rofe Campion, 
 both for forme, colour, and roundneffe, but larger for fize. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 All thefe are nourifhed with vs in Gardens, none of their naturali places 
 being knowne, except one before recited, and the yellow which is Sileji*-, 
 many of them being hardly preferued and encreafed. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 They flower not vntill the heate of the yeare, which is in Iuly (vnleffe it 
 be an extraordinary occafion) and continue flowring, vntill the colds of the 
 Autumne chccke them , or vntill they haue wholly out fpent themfelues, 
 and are vfually encreafed by the flips. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 Moftof our later Writers doe callthemby onegencrallname, Ctrjt- 
 fbjSw/jtivM, and fits Csryopbj Reus, adding thereunto msxmtu, when wee 
 mcane Carnations, and msitr when we would expreffe Gilloflowers, which 
 name is taken from Cloues,in that the fent of the ordinary red Gilloflower 
 cfpccially doth refemblc them. Diuers other feucrall names haue bcene 
 formerly giuen them, as retentes, or 'Betenics sit era, or retonics sltilis, and 
 etrtnsri*. Herts T antes, Vtols Dsmsfcens, Ocellus 'Dsmsjctmu , and B srbsri *• 
 cm. Of fome Cantabrics vlinij. Some thinke they were vnknowne to the 
 Ancients, and fome would haue them to 'ozlphium ofTheophraftus, wher- 
 of he maketh mention in his fixth and feuenth Chapters of his fixth booke, 
 among Garland and Summer flowers 5 others to be his Dios sntbos , or louit 
 Jits, mentioned in the former, and in other places. We call them in Englifb 
 (as I faid before)thcgreateft kindes, Carnations, and the others Gillofiow- 
 Iuly flowers) as they are feuerally expreffed. 
 
 TheVertues. 
 
 The red or Cloue Gilloflower is moft vfed in Phyfickc in our Apothe- 
 caries fhops, none of the other being accepted of or vfed (and yet I 
 doubt not, but all of them might ferue, and to goodpurpofe, although not 
 to giue fo gallant a tinifture to a Sy rupe as the ordinary red will doe) and is 
 accounted to be very Cordiall. 
 
 Chap. LXX. 
 CsryophjBi fihtejlres. Pinkes. 
 
 T Hereremaine diuers forts of wildc or fmall Gilloflowers (which wee vfbally 
 call Pinkes) to be entreated of, fome bearing Angle, and fome double flowers, 
 fome fmooth, almoft without any deepe dents on theedges, and fome iagged, 
 «ras it were feathered. Some growing vpright like vnto Gilloflowers, others cree- 
 
 ping 
 
'T be (far den of plea) ant t lovers. 
 
 3 -'? 
 
 flraWSaa WBWWMBBBPWMM >Sia 
 
 I cary »fby Utu filut (Inf fimplsx^Tht vfuall CnglePjntc. i CaryepbyUus multiplex filuefiris-Vcubk Pinkct. $ caritphyBue (ilutRrh plum** 
 #Mw#f-Feathered or iaggedPinkes. 4 Caryophyllm Stillatus. StarrcPjnkcs. 5 Caryophyllm repent, Matted Pinkej. 6 Caryechyllus ett* 
 ^/^rrascw.Thc grfflt Tniftic or ScaGdloflowac. 7 Caryephyllmnurintu- The ordinary Thifilc or Sea Cufliion. 
 
 Dd x 
 
51 5 The (jar den of pie a f ant Flowers. 
 
 ping or fprcading vnder the toppe orcrult of the ground, fome of one colour, fomc of 
 another,and many ofdiucrs colours : As I haueformcrly done with the Gilloflowers 
 fomuftldoewiththefethat are entertainedin our Gardens , onelygiue you the de- 
 feriptions of fome three or foure of them, according to their variety, and the names wf 
 the reft, with their diftimftions. 
 
 I . Ctryophyllus minor filuestrit multiplex & [implex. 
 
 Double and Angle Pinkes. 
 
 The Angle and double Pinkes are for forme and manner of growing, mail parts like 
 vnto the Gilloflowers before deferibed, fauing onely that theirleaues are fmallerand 
 (horter, in fome more or leffe then in others, andfo are the flowers alfotthe finale 
 kindes conAftingof flue leaues vfiially(feldome fix) round pointed, and a little fm pc 
 forthe moft part about the edges, with fome threads in the middle, either crooked or 
 ftraight : the double kindes being letter, and ldfedouble then the Gilloflowers,hauinc' 
 their leaues a little fnipt or undented about the edges, and of diuers feucrall colours’ 
 as (hall hereafter be fet downe , and of as fragrant a fenr , efpecially lome of them as 
 they : the rootes are long and fpreading, fomewhat hard and wooddy. 
 
 J . Ctrjoployllmplunuriui . Feathered or iagged Pinkes. 
 
 The iagged Pinkes haue fuch like (hikes and leaues as the former haue , but fome- 
 what (horter and ftnaller, or grafle-like, and of a whitifh or grayifh greene colour like- 
 wife : the flowers ftand in the like manner at the toppes of the (hikes, in long, round, 
 (lender, greene huskes, confiding of fiueleaues, verymuch cutin ontheedges, and 
 iagged almoftlike a feather, ofa light red, or bright purplecolour, withtwowhite 
 threads (landing in the middle, crooked like a horneat the end, and are ofa very good 
 fent. Some of thefe haue not thofe two crooked threads or homes in the middle, but 
 haue in their (lead many fmall threads, not crooked at all: the (cedes of them all are 
 like vnto the feedes of Gilloflowers, or the other Pinkes, that is, fmall , blacke , long, 
 and flat : the rootes are fmall and wooddy likewife. 
 
 ^.CtryophjUus plumtrius ellus eric rulro fine StelUtm. Starre Pinkes. 
 
 Ofthiskinde there is another fort, bearing flowers almoft as deeply cut or iagged 
 as the former, of a faire white colour, hauing a ring or circle of red about the bottomc 
 or lower part of the leaues, and are as fweetc as the former : this being fowne of feedc 
 doth not giue the ftarre of fo bright a red colour, but becommeth more dunne. 
 
 4 . Ctrytpbyius plumirim Auflrincm fine Superb 4 Aufiriaca. 
 
 The feathered Pinke of Auftria. 
 
 Thiskindeof Pinke hath his firfl or lower leaues, fomewhat broader and greener 
 thenany of the former Pinkes, being both for breadth and greennefle more like vnto 
 theSweete Iohns, which (hall bee deferibed in the next Chapter : the leaues on the 
 ftalkes are fmaller , (landing by couples at euery ioynt , at the toppes whereof ftand 
 fuch like iagged flowers as the lad deferibed, and as large, but more deeply cut in or 
 iagged round about, fome of them of a purplilh colour, but the moft ordinary with vs 
 sire pure white, and of a moft fragrant fent, comforting the fpirits and fenfes a farre off: 
 thefeedes and rootes are like vnto the former. Some haue miftaken a kindc of wilde 
 Campion, growing in our Woods, and by the paths fides in Hornfie Parke, and other 
 places, to be this feathered Pinke : but the flowers declare the difference fufficiently. 
 
 5 . Curyephylhu minor repens fimpltx& multiplex. 
 
 Singleand double matted Pinkes. 
 
 The matted Pinke is the fmalleft, both for leafeand flower of all other Pinkes that 
 are aourifhed in Gardens , hauing many (hort and fmall gralfle greene leaues vpon the 
 
 ftalkes, 
 
7 he Lfarden of pieajant t lowers * 
 
 ftalkes, which as they grow and lye vpon the ground (andnot ; ftandingfo vpright as 
 the former) doe take rooteagaine, whereby it quickly fpreadeth, and coucreth a great 
 dealeof ground in a little fpace : the flowers are final I and round, a little fnipt about 
 theedges, whereof Tome arc white, and fonre red, and fome arc white (potted with 
 red, and fome red fpotted with white, all of them being (ingle flowers. Butthereis 
 another of this kinde,not differing in leafe, but in flower : for that the firft flowers are 
 but once double, orof tworowesof leaues, of afinereddifhcolour, fpotted with 
 liiuer fpots : but thole that follow, are (o thicke and double, that they often- 
 times doe breake the pod or huske i being not altogether of fo deepc a red colour, 
 but more pale. 
 
 6. Caryopbyllus Mediterraneus fine Marinus maior. 
 
 Great Sea Gilloflower or Great T hrift. 
 
 Vntothefekindesof Pinkes I mud needs adde,not only our ordinary Thriftfwhich 
 is more frequent in gardens, to empale or border a knot, bccaufcitabidethgrecne 
 Winter and bummer, and that by cutting,it may grow thick, and be kept in what form 
 one lift, rather then for any beaurie of the flowers) but another greater kinde, which 
 is of as great beautie and delight almoft as any of the former Pinkes, as well for that 
 the leauesare like vnto Gilloflowers, being longer and larger then any Pinkes, and of 
 awhitilh gretnc colour like vnto them, not growing long or by couples vpon the 
 ftalkcs as Pinkes and Gilloflowers doe, but tufting dole vpon the ground, like vnto 
 the common Thrift.-as alfo that the ftalkes, riling from among the leaues (being fome- 
 times two foote high (as I haueobferued in my garden) are yet fo (lender and weakc, 
 that they are fcarce able to beare the heads of flowers, naked or bare, both of leaues 
 and ioynts,fauing only in one place, where at the ioynt each ftalke hath two fmall and 
 very (liort leaues, not rifing vpwards as in all other Gilloflowers, Pinkes, and other 
 herbes, butgrowingdownewards) anddoebeare each of them a tuft orvmbellof 
 Fmall purplifh, or blufli coloured flowers, atthetoppesof them (landing fomewhac 
 like vnto fweete Williams, but more roundly together, each flower confiftingof flue 
 fmall, round, ftiffc or hardifh leaues, as if they were made of paper, thebortomeor 
 iniddle being hollow, not blowing all at once as the ordinary Thrift, but for the mod 
 part one after another, not flicwing vfually aboue foure or due flowers open at one 
 time(fo farre as I could obferue in the plants that I kept) fo that it was long before the 
 whole tuft of flowers were paft ; but yetthe hotcrand dryerrhe time was, the fooner 
 it would be gone : the feede 1 haue not perfe&ly obferued, but as I remember, it was 
 fomewhat like vnto the feedeof Scabious i I am furc nothing like vnto Gilloflowers 
 or Pinkes : the roote is fomewhat great, long and hard, and not fo much fpreadmg in 
 the ground as Gilloflowers or Pinkes. 
 
 Caryofh^Ous Marinus. Thrift, or Sea Cufhion. 
 
 OurcommonThriftiswellknownevntoall, to haue many (hort and hardgreene 
 leaues, fmaller then many of the grafTes, growing thicke together, and fpreading 
 vpon the ground : the ftalkes are naked of leaues a ipanne high, bearing a fmall tuft of 
 lightpurple,or blufli coloured flowers, (landing round and dole thrufting together. 
 
 Double Pinkes. 
 
 Single Pinkes. 
 
 T He double white Pinke is oncly 
 with more leaues in it then the (in- 
 gle, which maketh the difference. 
 The double red Pinke is in the fame 
 manner double, differing from the (ingle 
 of the fame colour. 
 
 The double purple Pinke differeth not 
 
 T He (ingle white ordinary Pinke 
 hath a (ingle white flower of Sue 
 leaues , finely iagged about the 
 
 edges . 
 
 The (ingle red Pink is like the white, but 
 that the leaues arc not fo much iagged, and 
 the flower is of a pale purplilh red colour. 
 E>d 3 from 
 
/ 
 
 3 cS 
 
 The (.jar den of plea} ant Flowers. 
 
 from the Angle purple for colour, but on- 
 ly in the doubleneffe of the flower. 
 
 The Grtnids Pinke differeth not from 
 the Gilloflower of the fame name, but in 
 thefmalneffebothof leauesand flower. 
 
 The double Matted Pinke is before de- 
 fcribed. 
 
 The double blufli Pinke is altnoft as 
 great as the ordinary blufli Gilloflower, 
 and fome haue taken it for one, but the 
 greeneleaues are almoft as fmall as Pinks, 
 and therefore I referre it to them. 
 
 The Angle purple Pinke is of a fairc 
 purple colour, likealmoft vnto the purple 
 Gilloflower. 
 
 T he great blu At Pinke hath broader and 
 larger leaues in the flower then any other 
 Pinke, and of a faire blufli colour. 
 
 The white Featherd Pinke bath the 
 edges of the flower more Andy and deep- 
 ly cut in then the former. 
 
 The red or light purple featherd Pinke 
 is like the former featherd Pinke, but only 
 differeth in colour. 
 
 The Starre Pinke is a faire flower, Andy 
 tagged on the edges, with a faire red circle at the lower end of the leaues on the inAde. 
 
 The white featherd Pinke of Auftria is deferibed before. The purple featherd 
 Pinkeof Auftria is folikewife. The Angle matted Pinke is before deferibed. The 
 fpeckled Pinke is a fmall flower hauing fmall fpotsof red here and there difperfed 
 ouerthe white flower. 
 
 Thofc Angle flowers being like vnto Pinkes that rife from the fowing of the orenge 
 tawney, I bring not into this cUfsis , hauing already fpoken of them in the precedent 
 Chapter. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 Thefe are all like as the former, nourifhed in Gardens with vs, although 
 many of them are found wilde in many places of Auftria, Hnngarie, and 
 Germany, on the mountaines, and in many other places, as Cluflusrecor- 
 deth. The ordinary Thrift groweth in the fait Marflies at Chartam byRo- 
 chefter, and in many other places in England : butthegreatkindewasga- 
 thered in Spaine, by Guillaume Boel that painefullfearcher of flmpies, 
 and the feede thereof imparted to me, from whence I had diners plants, 
 but one yeare after another they all perifhed, 
 
 TheTime* 
 
 Many of thefe Pinkes both Angle and double, doe flower before any 
 Gilloflower, and fo continue rntill Auguft, and fome, moft of the Sum- 
 mer and Autumne. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 The feuerall titles that are giuen to ..hefe Pinkes, may fuffice fortheir par- 
 ticular names : and for their generali they haue beene exprefled in the for- 
 mer Chapter, beeingof the fame kindred, but that they are fmaller, and 
 more frequently found wilde. The two forts of Thrift arecalled Ctrytpbjl- 
 lu* Murinus. The greater, Maior dr Mediterrtncus ; InEnglifh, The grea- 
 ter or Lc uant Thrift, or Sea Gilloflower. The lefTer Minimus, and is ac- 
 counted of fome to be agraffe, and therefore called Gramea Murinum & 
 Velytnt bimum . InEnglifh, Thrift, Sea grade, and our Ladies Cufbion, 
 or Sea Cufhion. 
 
 TheVertucs. 
 
 It is thought by diuers, that their vertucs are anftverable to the Gillo- 
 flowers, yet as they are of little vfc with vs, fo I thinke of as fmall cffcift. 
 
 Chap* 
 
i/ be Lj ard en o/ pieajant t lowers, 
 
 Ch ap. LXXI. 
 
 '^irrntrm. Sweet Iohns, and fweet Williams. 
 
 T Hefe kindes of flowers as they come neereft vntoPinkes and Gilloflowers. 
 though manifeftly differing, fo it is fit tell to place them next vnto them in 
 a peculiar Chapter. 
 
 i. Armcrius angasl if situs rubens ftmplex. Single red fweetc Iohns. 
 
 The fweetelohn hath his Ieaues broader, fhorter and greener then any of the for- 
 mer Gilloflowers, but narrower then fweete Williams, fet by couples, at the 
 ioyntsof theftalks, which are fhorter thenmoftof theformer, and not aboue a 
 footeandahalfehigh, at the tops whereof ftand many fmall flowers, like vnto fmall 
 Pinkes, bur {landing clofer together, and in fhorter huskes, made of fiue Ieaues, fmal- 
 ier then mod of them, and more deceply iagged then the Williams, of a red colour in 
 themiddle, and white at the edges, but of afmallorfoftfent, and not all flowring at 
 once, but by degrees : thefeede isblacke, fomewhat likevnto thefeedeof Pinkes, 
 the rootc is difperfed diuerfly, with many fmall fibres annexed vnto it. 
 
 2. Armcrius angujlifolius alius fimplex. Single white fweet Iohns. 
 
 This white Iohn diffcreth notin any thing from the former, but onely that the leafe 
 doth neuer change brownifh, and that the flower is of a fake white colour, without 
 any mixture. ' . 
 
 3. Ar merius anguHifolius duplex. Double fweet Iohns. 
 
 There is of both thofe former kindes, fome whofe flowers are once double, that is, 
 confiding of two or three rowes of leaues,and the edges not fodeepely iagged • not 
 differing In any thing elfe. 
 
 4. Armtrius latifolius fimplex flore rubre. 
 
 Single red fweet Williams. 
 
 The fweet Williams doe all ofthem fpread into many very Iongrrayling branches, 
 with Ieaues ly ing on the ground, in the very like manner that the fweete Iohns doe : 
 the chiefe differences betweene them are, that thefe haue broader, and darker greene 
 Ieaues, fomewhat brownifh, efpecially towards the points, and that the flowers ftand 
 thicker and clofer, and more in number together,in the head or tuft,hauing many fmall 
 pointed Ieaues among them, but harmlefle,as all men know; the colour of the flower is 
 of a deep red, without any mixture or fpot at all. 
 
 5. Armcrius latifolius flore rubro multiplici. 
 
 Double red fweete Williams. 
 
 The double kinde diffcreth not from the Angle kinde of the fame colour, but only ia 
 the doubleneffe oi the flowers, which are with two rowes of Ieaues in euery flower. 
 
 6. Armcrius latifolius variegatus fiue verpcolor. 
 
 Speckled fweetc Williams, or London pride. 
 
 Thefe fpotted Williams are very like the firft red Williams, in the forme or mancr 
 of grow ing, hauing Ieaues as broade,and browne fometimes asthey,the flowers ftand 
 as thicke ot thicker, cluftting together, but of very variable colours : for fomc 
 flowers will be of a fine delayed red, with few markes or fpots vpon them, and others 
 
 will 
 
T he (jar den of plea] ant Flowers. 
 
 will bee full peckled or fprinkled with white or fiiuer fpots, circlewife about the mid- 
 dle of the flowers, and fomewill haue many fpecks or fpots vponthem difperfed: 
 all thefe flowers are not blownc at one time, butfome are flowring, when others are 
 decaying, fo that abiding long in their pride, they become of the more refpe<3: The 
 feede is blacke,as all the reft, and not to be diftinguilhed one from another : the roots 
 arc fome long, and fome fmall and threddy, running vndcr the vpper cruft of the earth. 
 
 7. Armerius latifolius fort rubro faturohoUferlceo. 
 
 Sweet Williams of a deepe red or murrey colour. 
 
 Theleauesof this kindefeeme to be a little larger, and the ioints a little redder 
 then the former, but in theflower confiftcth the chiefeft difference, which isof a 
 deepe red, or murrey purple colour, like vnto veluet of that colour, without any fpots, 
 butfmooth, and as it were foft in handling, hauingancyc or circle in the middle, at 
 the botcome of thcleaucs. 
 
 8. Armerius latifolius jimplex fore alio. 
 
 Single white fweete Williams. 
 
 Thewhitekindediffereth not in forme, but incolourfrora the former, thclcaues 
 arc not browne at all, but of a frefh greene colour, and the flowers arc wholly white, 
 orelfccheyare all one. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 Thefe for the moft part grow wilde in Italic, and other places : we haue 
 them in our Gardens, where they are chcrifhed for their beautifull varietie. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 They all generally doe flower before the Gilloflowers or Pinkes, or with 
 the firft of them : their feede is ripe in Iune and Iuly, and doe all well abide 
 theextremitieof our coldeft winters. 
 
 TheNames. 
 
 They all generally are called Armerius, or Armeria, as fome doe write, 
 and diftinguifhed as they arc in their titles: Yet forae haue called them Ve- 
 Unica agrefiis, and others Her l a Tuuiea,Searlatea, & CaryophfUus ftlucjlriai 
 Wee doe in Englifh in moft places, call the firft or narrower leafed kindes. 
 Sweet Iohns, and all the reft S wcete Williams-, yet in fome places they call 
 the broader leafed kindes th 2 t are not fpotted, Toltneiners, and London 
 tufts: but the fpeckled kinde is termed by our Englifh Gentlewomen, for 
 the moft part, London pride. 
 
 TheVertues. 
 
 Wehauenotknowneany of thefe vfed in Phyficke. 
 
 Chap. LXXII. 
 
 SeBu. Daifie. 
 
 T Here be diners forts of Daifies, both great and fmall, both (ingle and double, 
 both wilde growing abroade in the fieldes,and elfewhere,and manured grow- 
 ing only in Gardens :of all which I intend not to entreate, but of thofe that are 
 ■ - f uioft bcautic and refpeft, and leaue the rqft to their proper place. 
 
 1 .Be Bit 
 
The Garden of pie aj ant Fimvers, 
 
 J kA rmeritu ij tlttu fimplex. Single (weetc lo' ns. 2 >Armeiiw angujlifoltm multiplex Double Iwect lohns- 5 ^AtmeriH* Urifelitu 'fimpltx.$\np\c fweete 
 Williams. 4 lArmeriHs UtifotHuverflteltr.Spnttc^ fvieet Williams or pride of Lond jo. 5 tArmtrms Urifelhs multiplex Double fwcpt Willia i s- 6 H.Hk 
 horrmftjmvier multiplex. Double Garden Dailies. 7 'Bellurninar bo’Tenfit flare vatio. Double red Dailies flript ? Htllu miner hortenjh pro'tfcra. Double 
 frtjicfaUDaidesorlackean Apesonhorlebacke. 9 'BellucMtu'e* fine Globulum, Double blew Dailies or blew GlobcfLv»cr. xo BeUu lutee montane 
 fine GtelmlmUlnteaminuttut, Doubicyeiljw Dai lie* or ycUow Glo /«flower. 
 
iLt (jar den of pleajant Flowers. 
 
 i . He Hu mti»r flere dbe plent. The great double white Daifie. 
 
 The great Daifie with the double white flower , is in all things fo like vnto the great 
 Angle kinde, that grovveth by the high wayes,and in diuers medowes and fields, that 
 there is no differencebut in the flower,which isdouble. It hath many long, and fome- 
 what broad leaues lying vpon the ground , deepely cut in on both fides, fomewhat 
 like vnto an oaken lcafe ; but thofe that are on the (hikes are (horter , narrower , and 
 notfo deeply cut in, but onely notched on the edges :thc flowers at the toppeare(as 
 I (aid) white and double, confiding of diuers rowes of leaues, being greater in com- 
 pare then any of the double Dailies that follow, but nothing fo double of leaues. 
 
 a . Belli t miner flere rubro flmplioi. Single red Dailies. 
 
 This (ingle Daifie (like as all the reft of the fmall Daifies) hath many fmooth, 
 greene, round pointed leaues lying on the ground, a little fnipt aboutthe edges • from 
 among which rife many (lender round foote (hikes, rather then (hikes or ftems, about 
 an hand breadth high at the moft v and oftentimes not halfefo high, bearing one flow- 
 er a peecc, confiding of many (mall leaues, as a pale or border fet abouta middle 
 thrumme: the leaues ofthiskinde are almoft whollyrcd, whereas in the wilde they 
 are white or whitifli , enclining to red on the edges, the middle being yellow in both 
 forts: the rootes arc many fmall white threads or firings. 
 
 l.HeHii minor borfeitfls flere plene verier am colorum. 
 
 Double Garden Dailies of diuers colours. 
 
 The leaues ofallthe.double Daifies are in forme like vnto the (ingle ones , butthat 
 they are fimller, and little or nothing Ini pc or notched about the edges : the fmall 
 (hikes likewife arc fmallerand lower, but bearing as double flowers as any that growc 
 on the ground, being compofed of many fmall leaues, thicke thruft together, of diuers 
 colours j for fome are wholly of a pure white, others haue a little red, either difperfed 
 vpon the white leaues, or on the edges, and fometimes on thebackesof the leaues: 
 fome againe feeme to be of a whitilh red , ormore red then white, when asindeede 
 they are white leaues difperfed among the red ; others of a deepe or darke red colour, 
 and fame are fpeckled or ftripedwith white and red through the whole flower: and 
 fome theleaues will bee red on the vpperfide, and white vndcrncath ; and fomcalfo 
 (but thofe are very rare) arc of a greenilh colour. 
 
 4 .' BeUii miner hortenfls prolifer *. Double double Daifies orchilding Daifies. 
 
 There is no difference either in leafe or roote in this kinde fromthe formerdouble 
 Daifies : the chiefcft variety confifteth in this, that it beareth many (mail double flow- 
 ers, (landing vpon very (hort ftalkes round about the middle flower , which is vfually 
 as great and double as any of the other double kindes , and is either wholly of a deepe 
 red colour, or fpeckled white and red as in fome of the former kindes, or elfe greenilh, 
 all the fmall flowers about it being of the fame colour with the middlemoft. 
 
 y .Bellis curule * flue GlebuUr'u. Blew Daifies. 
 
 Thelikencffe and affioity that this plant hath with the former, both in the forme 
 of leafe and flower, as alfo in the name, hath caufed me to infert it, and another rare 
 plant of the fame kinde, in this place, although they be very rare to be met with in our 
 Engli(h Gardens. This beareth many narrower, (horter, and blacker greene leaues 
 then the former , lying round about vpon the ground ; among whic h rife vp (lender, 
 but ftiffe and hard ftalks,halfea foot high or ntore,(et he re and there with fmall leaues, 
 
 and at the top a finall round head, compofedof many fmall blew leaues, fomewhat like 
 
 vnto the head of a Scabious : It hath bin found likewife with a white head of flowers: 
 ihe roote is hard and ftringie : the whole plant is of a bitter tafir. 
 
 6. GhluUru 
 
• 'The Cj&rden of pteafant bidders . 
 
 6. Globuliris Intesmontsns. Yellow Dailies. 
 
 This mountaine yellow Daifie or Globe- flower hath many thicke,fmootb, round 
 pointed leaues , fpread vpon the gronnd like the former 5 among which lpring diuers 
 frnall round rufliieftalkes, a foote high, bearing about themiddleor them two (mail 
 leaues at the ioynts , and at the toppes round heads of flowers thruft thickc together, 
 {landing in purplifl) huskes, cuery of which flowers do blow or fpread into fiue leaues, 
 ftarre-fafliion, and of a faire yellow colour, fmclling like vnto broomc flowers, with 
 many fmall threads in the middle compaflingaflat pointed, horned or bended two 
 wayes: after the flowers are pad rife vp the fcedevcflels, which arc round, fwelling 
 out in the middle, and diuided into foure parts at the toppes, containing within them 
 round, flat, blacke feede, with a fmall cut or notch in them : the roote is a finger long, 
 round and hard, with a thicke barke, and a woddy pith in the middle, of a fharpe dry- 
 ing tafte and ftrong fent : the leaues are alio (harpe, but bitter. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 The fmall Dailies are all planted, and found onely in Gardens , and will 
 require to be replanted often, left they degenerate into Angle flowers, or at 
 leaft into leffe double. The blew Daifie is naturali of Mompcher in 
 France , and on the mountaines in many places of Italy, as alfo the yellow 
 kinde in the Kingdome of Naples. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 The Dailies flowerbetimes in the Spring, and laft: vntill May, butthc 
 laft two flower not vntill Auguft or September. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 They arc vfually called in Latine BeSider , and in Englilh Dailies. Some 
 call them Herb* Margtriu, and Primula veru , as it is likely after the Italian 
 names, of Msrguerite, and Fitr di prims vers gent tie. The French call them 
 Tsfyuettes, and Msrgaeritrs, and the Fruitfull fort, or thofethat beare fmall 
 flowers about the middle one, Msrgueritons : our Englilh women call 
 them Iacke an Apes on horfe-backe, as they doe Marigolds before recited, 
 or childing Dailies : but the Phyfitiansand Apothecaries doe in generali 
 call them, efpecially the linglc or Field kindes, Confolids minor. The blew 
 Daifie is called Betlis csrnles.md Globnlsris, o f feme bieft pumiUm g emu. 
 
 The Italians call it Botsnsris, becaufe the heads are found like buttons. 
 The yellow, Globnlsris montsns,is onely deferibedby Fabius Columna, in 
 his laft part of Phytobsfanos, and by him referred vnto the former Globnlsris, 
 although it differ in forac notable points from it. 
 
 TheVertues. 
 
 The properties of Dailies are certainly to binde, and the roote efpeci- 
 ally being dryed , they are vfed in medicines to that purpofe. They arc 
 alfo of fpeciall account among thofe herbes , that arc vfed for wounds in 
 the head. 
 
The Cjarden of pie a! ant Flowers. 
 
 V-\ 
 
 Chap. LXXIII. 
 
 Seabhfa. Scabious. 
 
 T He forrs of Scabious being many, yeeld not flowers of beauty or refpedl , fit 
 to bee cherifhcd in this our Garden of delight; and therefore I leaucthcmto 
 the Fieldsand Woods, there to abide. I haueonely two or three ftrangers to 
 bring to your acquaintance, which are worthy this place. 
 
 i . Sabicfa florc tlbt. White flowred Scabious. 
 
 This white Scabious hath many long leaues , very much iagged or gafht in on both 
 fides,ofameanebigneffe, being neither fo large as many of tbefield, norfofmallas 
 any of the fmall kindes : the ftaikes rife about a foot can d a halfehigh, or fomewhat 
 liigher,at the tops whereof grow round heads, thickefet with flowers,like in all points 
 vnto the field Scabious, but ofa milke white colour. 
 
 2 . Sabicfa rubra Aujlritca. Red Scabious of Auflria. 
 
 This red Scabious hath many leaues lying vpon the ground , very like vnto Deuils 
 bit, but not lo large, being fhorter and fnipt, notgalhedab®ut the edges, ofa light 
 greene colour; yet (there is another ofa darker greene colour, whofe flower is of a 
 deeperrcd)the ftaikes hsucdiuersfuchIeauesonthtm,fet by couples attheioyntsas 
 grow bclowe , and at the tops fmall heads of flowers, each confiding of fiuc leaues, 
 the Biggeft flowers (landing round about in the outer compaffe, as is vfuallalmoft in 
 all the kinds of Scabious, of a fine light purple or red colour : after the flowers are paft, 
 comethefeede, which is fomewhat long and round, fet withcertainchairesatthe 
 head thereof, like vnto a Starre t the ro®ce is compgfed of a number of flender 
 firings, fattened at the head. 
 
 3 . Scabicfa rubra Indica. Red flowred Indian Scabious. 
 
 This (reputed Indian) Scabious hath many large faire greenc leaues lying on the 
 ground , iagged or cut in on both fides to the middle ribbe , euery peece whereof is 
 narrower then that at the end, which is the broadeft : among thefe leaues rife vp fun- 
 dry flender and weake ftaikes, yet (landing vprighr for the moftpart , fee with fmallcr 
 and more iagged leaues at cei caine diftances, two or three at euery ioynt , branching 
 forth atthe toppe into other fmaller branches, bearing cuery one head of flowers, 
 like in forme vnro other Scabioufes,but of an excellent deepe red crimfon colour (and 
 fometimes more pale or delayed) of no fent at all : after which doe come fmall roun- 
 difli feede, like vnto the field bcabious : the roote is long and round , com palled with 
 a great many fmall filings, and perifheth vftully as foone as it hath borne out his flow- 
 ers and feede : otherwife if it doe not flower the firft yeare of the fowing, if it be care- 
 fully defended fromthe extremity of Winter, it will flower the fooner the next yeare, 
 as I my felfe haue often found by experience. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 The firft is fometimes found wilde in ourowne Countrcy, but it is very 
 geafon, and hath been fent among other rare feedes from Italy. 
 
 Thefecond was firft found and written of by Clufius , in Pannonia and 
 Auft ria, where it is very plentifuil. 
 
 The third hath been fent both from Spaine & Italy, and is verily thought 
 to grow naturally in both thole parts. 
 
 The 
 
The garden of plea f ant Flowers. 
 
 i Scabiofa flare alho- White flowed Scabious. * Scabi'pfitruiira /tufir'/ara. Red Scabious of Auftria. $ Scahi'nfa rubra Indica, 
 Red nowred Indian Scabious. 4 tytwAif Corn-flower of diitcrs colour». f Barievs. Spanifh Corn- flow er„ 
 
 6 Cj anus floridus Turrit us. The braue Sultans flower. 7 Cartt'ami fathus. Spanifl* Saffron, 
 
 Ec 
 
j The (jar den of pleajant blowers. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 The firft and fecond flower earlier thenthe lad, for that it flowreth not 
 mill September or October, (vnlelTcit be not apt to bcarethefiiftyeare 
 as Ibeforefaid)fo that many times (if nonebe more forward) it perifheth 
 without bearing ripe feede, whereby we are oftentimes to feeke new feede 
 from our friends in other parts. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 They haue all one generati name of Scabious, didinguifhed eyther by 
 their flower, or place of growing, as in their titles : yetthelaft is called of 
 Awn Scakiofa exotic*, becaufe they thinke the name /*&m, is not truely 
 impofed vpon it. 
 
 TheVertues. 
 
 Whether thefekindes haueanyof thevertuesof theother wildekinds, 
 I know none haue made any experience, and therefore I can fay no more of 
 them. 
 
 Chap. LXX IIII. 
 
 Cyinut. Corne flower, or blew Bottles. 
 
 V Nderthenameof Cyanus are comprehended, not onely tbofe plantswhich 
 from the excellent blew colour of their flowers(furnifhing or rather peftering 
 the Corne fieldes) haue peculiarly obtained that name, and which doth much 
 vary alfo, in the colour of the flowers, as (hallbe fhewedjbut fome other plants alfofor 
 their neere refemblance, but with fcuerall diftinftions. The Cjanusmaier, Ptarmica 
 jiustrucn. Ptarmica Imperati, and many others which may be adioyned vnto them, do 
 more fitly belong to the Garden of Simples, whereunto I leaue them, and will here 
 only entreate of thofe that may mod pleafe the delight of our Gentle Florifts, in that 
 I labour and ftriue, tofurnilh this ourgarden, withthechiefeftchoyfeof natures 
 beauties and delights. 
 
 i. Cyanus vulgaris iiucrferumcolorum. Corne flower of diuers colours. 
 
 All thefe forts of Corne flowers are for the mod part alike, both in leauesand 
 flowers one vnto another fortheforme: the difference bet weene them confideth in 
 the varying colour of the flowers: For the leaues are long, and of a whitifh greene 
 colour, deeply cut in on the edges in fome places, fomewhatlikevntotheleaues of a 
 Scabious : the Aalkes are two foote high or better,befet with fuch like leaues but fmal- 
 ler,and little or nothing flit on the edges: the toppes are branched, bearing many final 
 greene fcaly heads, out of which rife flowers, confiding of fine or fixe, or more long 
 and hollow leaues, fmall at the bottome, and opening wider and greater at the brims, 
 notched or cut in on the edges, anddanding round about many fmall threds inthe 
 middle : the colours of thefe flowers are diuers, and very variable ; for fomeare 
 wholly blew,or white, orblufh, or of afad, or light purple, or of a light or dead red, 
 or of an ouerworne purple colour, or elfe mixed of thele colours, as fome, the edges 
 white, and the red blew or purple, or the edges blew or purple, and the red of the 
 flower white, or Ariped,fpotted,orh»lfed,theonepartof one colour, and the other 
 of another, thethreds likewife in the middle varying in many of them ; for fome 
 will haue the middle thrume of adeeperpurplethen the outer leaues, and fome haue 
 white or blufh leaues, the middle thrume being reddifh, deeper or paler : After the 
 flowers are pad, there come fmall, hard, white and fhining feede in thofe heads, wrap- 
 
The Qardsn of plea/ ant t lowers, 317 
 
 pcd otfet among a deale of flockie matter, asismoft vfuall, inall pl.intsthnt beare 
 fcaly heads : the rootes are long and hard, perifhing euery yeare when it hathgiuen 
 feede. 
 
 2. Cyan us floridus T urciau. The Sultans flower. 
 
 As a kinde of rhefe Corne flowers, I muft ncedes adioyne another flranger,of much 
 beautic,and but lately obtained from Conftantinople,where,becaufe(asitislaid) the 
 great Turke, as we call him, faw it abroade,liked it,and wore it himfelf'ej all his vaflals 
 hauehad it in great regard, and hath been obtained from them, by fomethat hauefent 
 it into thefe parts. The leaues whereof aregreener, and not only gafhed, but finely 
 fniptonthe edges : the ftalkesarethreefoote high, garnillied with the like leaues as 
 are below, and branched as the former, bearing large fcaly heads, and fuch like flowers 
 but larger, hauing eight or nine of r hofe hollow gaping leaues in euery flower, {lan- 
 ding about the middle threds (if it be planted in good and fertile ground and be well 
 watered, for it foone ftarueth and perifheth with drought) the circling leaues are of a 
 fine delayed purple or blufii colour, very beautifull to behold ; the feede of this is 
 fmaller and blacker, and not endofed in fo much dounie fubftance, as the former fyec 
 in our Countrey thefeedeisnotfo blacke, as it came vnto vs, but more gray) the roote 
 perifheth like wife euery y eerc. 
 
 5 . Cyanus Battens fupintts. The Spanilh Corne- flower. 
 
 JL 
 
 This S panifli kinde hath many fquare low bending or creeping ftalkes, not {landing 
 fo vpright as the former, but branching out more diuerfly ; fo that one plant will take 
 vp a great deale of ground: the leaues are broader then any of thereft,fofteralfo,of 
 a pale or wbirifh greene colour, and not much gafhed ohiheedges : the flowers ftand 
 in bigger heads, withfourc or fine leaues vnder euery head, and arc of a light pale 
 purple or blulh colour ; after which come feede, butmot fo plentifully, yet wrapped in 
 a great deale of flockie matter, more then any : the roote groweth dowrie deepe into 
 the ground, but perilheth euery yeare as they doe. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 The firft or former kindes, grow many times in the Cornc fields of our 
 own Countrey, as well as of others, efpecially that fort with ablew floweT: 
 but the other forts or colours are not fo frequent, but are nourifhed in gar- 
 dens, where they will vary wonderfully. 
 
 The fecond as is before fetdowne, groweth in Turkic : and thelaftin 
 Spaine, found out and firft fent to vs by that induftrious fearcher of fimples, 
 Guillaume Boel before remembred. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 The firft doe flower in the end of Iune,and in Iuly,andfomtimes fooner. 
 The other two later, and not vntill Auguftmoft commonly, and the feede 
 is foone ripe after. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 The firft is generally called Cyanus, and fomc following the Ditch name, 
 call it Flos frumenti. The olde Writers gaue ir the name of Bapti fecuba, 
 which is almoft worneout. We doe call them in Englifh, Blew Bottles, and 
 in fome places, Corne flowers, after the Ditch names. Tlrelecondhath 
 beene fent by the name of '^imbreboi, which whether it be a Turkie or Ara- 
 bianname,I know nor. I haue called it from the place, from whence we had 
 it, Turcicus, and for his beauty, Floridas. The T urkes themfelues as I vnder- 
 ftand, doe call it The Sultans flower, and Ihauedonefolikewire, that in 
 may bee diftinguilhed from all the other kindes, or elfe you may call ir, 
 
 Ee 2 The 
 
The (jar den of plea / ant timers . 
 
 ThcTurkey bluihCorne flower, whicn youpleafe. Th lalt was fcntby 
 the name of lacca lutic a, but I had rather to referre it to the Cyanut, or 
 Corne flowers, becaufe the flowers are like vnto the Come flowers, ana 
 not vnto the laceas orKnapwccdcs. 
 
 The Vertues. 
 
 Thefe had no vfe in Phy ficke in Galen and Diofcor ides time, in that (as 
 it is thought) they haue made no mention of them : We in thefe dayes doe 
 chiefly vfe the firftkindes (asatrothe greater fortj as a cooling Coi dull, 
 and commended by fomc to be a remedy , not onely againft the plague and 
 peftilentiall difeafes, but againft the poifon of Scorpions and Spiders. 
 
 Chap. LXXV. 
 
 Uce* Marina Satie*. SpanifliSeaKnapwcedc. 
 
 T Here are a great many forts of Knapweedes, yet none of them all fitforthis 
 our Garden, but this only ftrafiger, which I haue becnc bold to thruft inhere, 
 for that it hath Rich like gaping or open flowers, as the former Corne flowers 
 haue but notably differing* and therefore defemeth a pecuhar Chapter, «pai taking 
 both wkh CtaJ and lacca. It hath many long and narrow leaues vneuenly dented or 
 waued on both edges (and not notched, gafhed or indented, as many other hetbes are) 
 hedns thick? flefhie and brittle, a little hairy, and of anouerwornedarkegreene co- 
 bur § among which rife loweweakeftalkes, withfuchlikc leaues as grow at the hot- 
 ome but frnallcr, bearing but here and there a flower, of a bright reddifh purple co- 
 louT like in forme vnto the Corne flowers, but much larger, with many threds or 
 
 hrumes in the middle of the fame colour, ftandingvp higher then any of the former: 
 
 this flower rifeth out of a large fcaly head, all fet oucr with fmall fharpe (butharme- 
 leffeSeprkkles : thefcedcsareblackifli, like vnto the Knapweedes, and larger 
 then any ofdte former Corne flowers : the roote is great and thicke, growing deepc 
 nto Eound,flcfliie and fullof a flimie or clammy mice, and eafie to Dee broken, 
 blackifh on the outfide, and whitifh within, enduring many yeares, like as the other 
 Knapweedes, or Matfelons doe, growing in time to be very thicke and gieat. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 It gtoweth naturally by the Sea fide in Spaine, from whence I receiued 
 the feedcs of Guillaume Bod, and did abide well in my garden a long 
 time, but is now perilhed. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 Itflowreth in the beginning of Iuly, or thereabouts, and contmueth i not 
 long in flower : but the head abideth a great while, and is of iome beauty 
 
 after the flower is partner feldome giueth good feed with vs. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 It hath no other name then is fet down in the title, being altogether a No 
 uelift, and not now to be feene with any fauing my felfe. 
 
 The Venues. 
 
 Wc haVc notyetkuownany vfe hereof inPhyfick, 
 
 Chap. 
 
3*9 
 
 The (garden of pie aj ant Elmers. 
 
 Chat. LXXVI. 
 
 Cnkm Jiuc CurtfiAmm fitiviu. Baftardor Spanifh Saffron; 
 
 T Here arc two or three forts of Cn'tcus or baflard Saffrons whichIpafTeouer,as 
 notfitfortliisGarden,andonelyTetdowncthiskinde, whofeflowers are of 
 a fairer and more liuely colour in our Country, then any hath come ouer from 
 Spaine, where they manure it for the profit they make thereof, feruing for the dying 
 of Silke cfpccially ,and tranfporting great quantities to diuers Countries. It hath large' 
 broad leaues, without any prickes at all vpon them in our Country, growing vpon the 
 ftalke, which is ftrong, hard, and round , with Chortcr leaues thereon vpto the toppe* 
 where they are a little fliarpe pointed, and prickly about the edges fometimes , which 
 ftalke rifeth three dr foure foote high j and brancheth it felfc toward the toppe, bearing 
 at the end of euery branch one great open fcaly head, out of which thrufteth out many 
 goldyellowthreads,ofamoftorientfhining colour, which being gatheredina dry 
 time, and kept dry, will abide in the fame delicate colour that it bare when tt was frefh, 
 fora very long time after : when the flowers are paft, the feedewhen it is come to ma- 
 turity, which is very feldome with vs, is white and hard, fomewhat long, round , and 
 alittlecornercd:therooteislong,great, andwooddy, and perilheth quickly with 
 thefirftfrofts. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 It groweth in Spaine, and other hot Countries, butnot wilde, for that it 
 is accounted of the old Writers, Theophraftus and Diofcorides,to be a ma- 
 nured plant. - 
 
 The Time. 
 
 It flowreth with vs not vntill Auguft,or September fometimes, fothat 
 it hardly giueth ripe feede (as I faid) neither is it of that force to purge, 
 which groweth in thefe colder Countries, [.as, that which commeth from 
 Spaine, and other places. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 The name Cniim is deriued from theGreekcs, and Ctrtbtmut from the 
 Arabians, yet ftill fttivtu is added vnto it, to drew it is no wilde , but a ma- 
 nured plant, and fownceuery where that wee know. Of fome it is called 
 Crociti hortatfts, and Strafenicm, from the Italians which fo call it. We call 
 it in Englifli Baftard Saffron, Spanifh Saffron, and Catalonia Saffron. 
 
 The Vertues. 
 
 The flowers are vfed in colouring meates, where it groweth beyond Sea, 
 and alfo for the dying of Silkes : the kernels of the feede are onely vfed in 
 Phyficke with vs,and feructh wellto purge melancholicke humours. 
 
 Chap.LXXVII. 
 
 CtrAuut. Thiftles. 
 
 Y Ou may fomewhat maruaile, tofeemee curious to plant Thiftles in my Gar- 
 den, when as you might well fay , they are rather plagues then pleafures, and 
 more trouble to weede them out,thcntocherifhthem vp, if I made therein no 
 diftin&ion or choifc : but when you haue viewed them well which I bring in , I will 
 
 Ee 3 then 
 
55 ° 
 
 ‘ The (jarden of p leaf ant Flowers. 
 
 then abide your cenfurc, ifthey be not worthy of forae place, although it be but a cor- 
 ner of the Garden, where fomethingmuftneedes be to fill vp roome. Some of them 
 arefmooth and without prickes at all, forne at the heads onely,and fornc allouer ; but 
 yet not without fome efpeciall note ormarke worthy of rcfpedl : Out of this difeourfe 
 Ileauc the Artichoke, with all his kitides, and referue them for our Kitchin Garden, 
 bccaufe (as all know) they are for the pleafurc of the talk, and not of the Imcll or fight. 
 
 all bearing from the middle toth? top many flowers one aooue anouitr, .ipncc-iamion 
 round abouttheftalke , withfmallcr but notdiuided greene leaues at euery flower, 
 which is white, andfafnioned fomewhat like vnto a gaping mouth ; after which come 
 broad flat, thicke, round , brownilh yellow feede(as I haue wdl-abfcrued by them 
 haue beenc fent me out of Sparac,an.d which hauefprung vp, and doe grow with me • 
 for in our Countrcy I could neuer obferue any feede to haue growne ripe) the rootes 
 arc compofed of many great and thickdoog firings , which fpread farre in and vnder 
 the ground, fomewhat darkifh on the outfide, and wliitilh within, full of a clammy 
 moiftuce (whereby it (heweth to haue much life) and doe endure our Winters, if they 
 be not too much eitpofed tothe lharpe violence thereof, which then it will not en- 
 dure, as I haue often found by experience. 
 
 r This prickly Thiftle hath diuers long grecnifh leaues lying on theground , much 
 narrower then the former, blit cut in on both fides, thicke fee with many white prickes 
 and thornes on the edges: the ftalkc rifethnot vp fo high, bearing diuers fuch like 
 thornie leaues on them, with fuch a like head of flowers on it as the former hath : but 
 the feede hereof(as it hath come to vs from Italy and other places, for I neuer faw it 
 beare feed here in this Country) is blacke and round, of the bignefle of a fmall peak : 
 the rootc abidethrcafonable well, ifit be defended fomewhat from the extremity of 
 our Winters, or elfe it will perilh. 
 
 3 . Er'wgittm Pannonicum fine ,M<w/a/»*w.Hungary Sea Holly. 
 
 The lower leaues of this Thiftle that lye on the ground, are fomewhat large, round, 
 and broad, hard in handling, and a little fnipt about the edges, euery one (landing vp- 
 on a long foote-ftalke : but thofethat growc vpon the ftalke , which isftiffe, twoor 
 three footc high, haue no foote-ftalke, but cncompalTe it, two being fetat euery loynt, 
 the toppe whereof is diuided into diuers branches, bearing fmall round rough heads, 
 with fmaller and more prickly leaues vnder them, and more cut in on the fides then 
 thofebelowe: oucof thefe heads rife many blew flowers, the foote-ftalkes of the 
 fiowers, together with the toppes of the brunches * are likewife blew and tranfparentj 
 
 We haue another of this kindc, the whole toppes of the ftalkes, withthe heads and 
 branches, are more white then blew : the feede contained in thefe heads are white, 
 flat and as it were chaffie : the roote is great and whitifh, fpreading farre into many 
 branches, and fomewhat fweete in talk, like the ordinary Sea Holly rootes. 
 
 The leaues of thisfoft and gentle Thiftle that are next vnto the ground, are greene 
 
 I . Acanthus fatmus. Garden Beares breech. 
 
 The leaues ofthiskindeoffmooth thiftle (as it is accounted) are almoft as large as 
 the leaues of the Artichoke, but notfo (harp pointed, very deeply cut in and gaflied on 
 ,h rtf .1 kd Breen & Ihinina colour on the vpperfide, and ofa yellowifli green 
 
 Acanthus flutpis. Wilder prickly Beares breech. 
 
 4. Carduus moBis. The gentle Thiftle. 
 
The hfardm o/ plea) ant t lowers, 
 
 i x«a»Ji»i/im//«.f?jrden Bearet breech. i Aintlms JibQfirii. Wilde Bc'nrej breech. ! E, indium Mbums'mc Sca 
 
 Holly. 4 carhtui humilis. Thelowc C.nli«e Thiftle. f CarHum fpbincnbalm maiur. The greater Globe. Thiftle 6 Urd us 
 fpburucipbxlus rninor.The lcifer Globe-Thjftle, y Carduuif.nixufbatui.Thc Friers crownc. 8 Fraxintlk, Bafiird Dittime. 
 
The (jar den of pie a j ant Flowrs. 
 
 on the vpperfide, and hoary vnderneat h, broad at the bottorae, fome what long poin- 
 ted and vneuenly notched about the edges, with fome foft hairie prickles, not hurting 
 the handler, euery one {landing vpon a fhort foote-ftalke ; thofe that growe about the 
 middle dalke are like the former,butfmaller and narrower, and thofe next the toppe 
 (bulled, where it diuideth it lelfe into fmall branches, bearing long and fcaly heads, 
 out of which breakc many reddilh purple threads: the feede is whitifh and hard, ai- 
 med as great as the feede of the greater Ccntory : the rootc is blackifh, fpreading vn- 
 der the ground, with many fmall fibres fadened vnto it, and abideth a great while. 
 
 5 , Ctrlinn humilti. The lowe Carline Thidle. 
 
 This lowe Thidle hath many iagged leaues, of a whitifh greene colour, armed with 
 fniall (harp white prickles round about the edges, lying round about the root vpon the 
 ground, in the middle whereof rifeth vp a large head, without any dalke vnder it,com- 
 paffed about w.th many fmall and long prickly leaues, from among which the flower 
 flieweth it fclfe, compofed of many thin, long, whitifh, hard (hining leaues , danding 
 about the middle, which is flat and yellow, made of many thrums or threads like fmall 
 flowers wherein lyc fmall long feede, of a whitifh orfilucr colour : the roote is lomc- 
 what aromaticall, blackifh on the outfide,fmallaad long, growing downewards into 
 the ground. There is another ofthiskiodc that beareth a higher dalke, and a redder 
 flower, but there is a manifed difference betweene them. 
 
 6.Ctrdum sphartcepbalm fine Globtfus maitr. The greater Globe Thidle. 
 
 The greated of thefe beautifull Thidles,hath at the fird many large and longjleaues 
 lying on the ground, very much cut in anddiuided in many places, euen to the middle 
 ribbe fet with fmall fharpe (but not very drong)thornes or prickles at euery corner of 
 the edges, greene on the vpperfide, and whitifh vnderncath : from the middle of thefe 
 leaues rifeth vp a round diffc dalke, three foote and a halfc high, or more , fet without 
 order with fuch like leaues, bearing at the toppe of euery branch a round hard great 
 head confiding ofa number of fharpe bearded huskes, compad or fet clofe together, 
 of a blewifh greene colour , out of euery one of which huskes dart fmall whitifh blew 
 flowers, with white threads in the middle of them, and riling aboue them , fo that the 
 heads when they are in full flower, make a fine fhew, much delighting the fpedators : 
 after the flowers are pad, the feede encreafeth in euery one, orthemod partof the 
 bearded huskes, which doe dill hold their round forme , vntill that being ripe it opc- 
 nethitfelfe, and the huskes eafily fallaway one from another, containing within 
 them a long whitifli kernell : the roote is great and long, blackifh on the outfide , and 
 dy eth euery y eare when it hath borne feede. 
 
 7 . Cardam Gldofus mimr. The leffer Globe Thidle. 
 
 The lefferkinde hath long narrow Jeaues, whiter then the former, but cut in and 
 gafhed on the edges very much with'-fome fmall prickes on them ; the dalke is not 
 halfe fo long, nor the heads halfc fo great, but as round, and with as blew flowers as the 
 greater : thisfeldome giueth ripe feede, but recompenfeth that fault, in that the roote 
 perifheth not as the former, but abideth many yeares. 
 
 • 
 
 8. Cardam Eritccphalm fiae Tomcattfm. The Triers Crowne. 
 
 This woolly Thidle hath many large and long leaues lying on the ground, cut in on 
 both fides into many diuifions, which are likewife fomevvhat vnequally cut in or di- 
 uided againe, hauing fharpe white prickles at euery corner of the diui (ions , ofa dead 
 or fad greene colour on the vpperfide, and fomewhar woolly withall, and grayifh vn- 
 derneath : the dalke is ftrotrg and tall, foure or flue foote high at the lead, branching 
 out into diuers parts , euery where befet with fuch like leaues as growe below ; at the 
 toppe of euery branch there breaketh out a great whitifli round prickly head, flattifh at 
 the toppe, fothicke fet with wool!, that the prickles feeme but final! fpots orhaires. 
 
153 
 
 The (jar den of pieafatit F lovers. 
 
 and doth fo well refemble the bald crowne of a Frier,not or.ely before it be in flower, 
 but efpecially after it hath done flowring, that thereupon it deferucdlv receiued the 
 name of the Friers Crowne Fhiftle : out of thefe heads rifeth forth a purple thrummej 
 £bch as is to be feene in many other wilde Thiftles, which when they are ripe, are tub 
 ofa flockie or woolly fubftancc, which breakeat the toppe (bedding it, and th ■ feede 
 which is blackifh, flat, and fmooth : the roote is great and thicke, enduring for 
 forac y eaves, yet fometimes perifhing, if it be too much cxpofed to the violence of the 
 froftsin Winter. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 The firft groweth naturally in Spaine, Italy,and France, and in many o- 
 ther hot Countries ^ and growe onelyin Gardens in thefe colder climates, 
 and there cherifhed for the beautifull afpedl both of the greenc plants , and 
 of the ftalkes when they are in flower. The Carline Thiftlc is found both 
 in Germany and Italy in many places, and as it is reported , in fotnc places 
 of the Weft parts in England. Theothersarefoundfomein France, fome 
 in Hungary,and on the Alpes, and the laft in Spaine. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 They doe all flower in the Summer moneths, 
 
 then others. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 fome a little earlier or later 
 
 The firft is called Acanthus fativus (becaufe the other that is prickly, is 
 called [iluejiru or fpinofus) and Brunet i/rjina . InEngli(h,Branck vrfiney 
 and Beares breech. The third is called Eringtum montanum, Alpinum, and 
 Pannonicum latifolium-. In Engli(h,Mountaine or Hungary Sea Holly. The 
 fourth is called Carduus mollis. The gentle Thiftlc, becaufe it hath no harm- 
 full prickles, although it feeme at the firft fhew to bea Thiftlc. The fifth is 
 called of d iuers chamtleo albus , and Ctrlina , as if they were both but one 
 plant • but Fabius Columna hath in my iudgement very learnedly defculed 
 that controuerfie, making Carlina to be Ixine ofThcophraftus, and Chtma- 
 /«another differing Thiftle, which Gaza tranflateth V trnilago. We call it 
 in Englifli, The Carline Thiftle. The other haue their names in their titles, 
 as much as is conuenient for this difeourfe. 
 
 TheVertues. 
 
 The firft hath alwaies been vfed Phy fically, as a mollifying herbe among 
 others of the like fliraic matter in Glifters, to open the body ; yet Lcbel 
 feemeth to make no difference in the vfeof them both (that is, the prickly 
 as well as the fmooth.) The Carline Thiftle is thought to bee goodagainft 
 poyfons and infeftion. The reft are not vfed l»y any that I know. 
 
 ) 
 
 Chap. LXXVIII. 
 
 Fraxine Ha. Baftard Dittany. 
 
 H Auins finiflied thofc pleafmg Thiftles, I come to other plants of more gentle 
 
 handline and firft bring to your confider.ation this baftard Dittany, whereof 
 ^here are found out two^fp^iall kindes^rhe one with a reddifli.thc other with 
 awhitifh flower, and each of thefe hath his diuerfity,as (hall be prefemly declared. 
 
 j _ frixitielit five rubento. Baftard Dittany with a reddifh flower. 
 
 This goodly plant rifeth vp with diuers round, hard, browniih ftalkes, nearerwo 
 

 ‘ The (jar den of plcafant Flowers. 
 
 foote high, the lower parts whereof are furnifhed with many winged leaucs,fomewhat 
 like vntoLiquerice, or a finally oung Afhetree, confiftingof fenen, nine, orelcuen 
 leauesfet together, which are fomewhat large and long, hard and rough in handling, 
 ofadarkifh greene colour, and ol an vnpleafant ftrong refinous fenc : the vpper parts 
 of the ftalkes are furnifhed with many flowers.growingfpikefafhion, atccrtaine di- 
 ftances one aboue another, confiding of flue long leauesapeece, whereof fourcthac 
 ftand on the two fides, are fomewhat-bending vpwards, and the fift hanging downe, 
 but turning vp the end of the leafe a little againe, of a faint or pale red colour, idriped 
 through euery leafe with a deeper red colour, and hauing in the middle a tafl'ell of fiuc 
 or fix long purplifhthreds, that bowedowne withthelower leafe, and turne vpalfo 
 theends againe, with a little freefe or tbrume at the ends of euery one :after the flowers 
 are paft, arife hard,fliffe, rough, clammy huskes, horned or pointed at the end,fourc or 
 fiueftandingtogether, fomewhat like the feedeveffels of the Wolfes-banes, orCo- 
 lombines,butgreater, thicker andharder, wherein is contained round (hining blacke 
 feede, greater then any Colombine feede by much, and fmaller then Peony feeder 
 the roote is white, large, and fpreading many wayes vnder ground, if it ftand long: the 
 whole plant, as well roots as leaues and flowers, are of a ftrong Cent, not fo pleafing for 
 the fmell,as the flowers are beautifull to the fight. 
 
 2 . FraxineUa flore rubro. Baftard Dittaine with a red flower. 
 
 This differeth not from the former eyther in roote, leafe or flower for the forme, 
 bur that the ftalkes and leaues are of a darker greene colour, and that the flowers are of 
 a deeper red colour, (and growing in a little longer fpike) wherein the difference chief- 
 ly confiftetb, which is fufficient to diftinguifhthem. 
 
 3. FraxineUa flore dbo. Baftard Dittanie with a white flower. 
 
 The white flowred FraxineUa hath his leaues and ftalkes of a frefher greene colour 
 then any of the former ; and the flowers arc of a pure white colour, in forme diffe- 
 ring nothing at all from the other. 
 
 4 . Fraxinei '* flore albo car aleo. 
 
 Baftard Dittanie with an afh coloured Sower. 
 
 Thecolourof the flower of this FraxineUa onely putteth the difference betweene 
 this, and the laft recited with a white flower : for this beareth a very pale, or whitifh 
 blew flower, tending to an afh colour. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 All thefe kindesare found growing naturally, in many places both of 
 Germany , and Italie : and that with the white flower,about Franckford, 
 which being lent me, perifhed by the way by long and cuill carriage. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 They flower in Tune and Iuly, and the feede is ripe in Auguft. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 The name FraxineUa is mod generally impofed on thofe plants, becaufc 
 of therefemblanceof them vntoyoung Allies, in their winged leaues. Yet 
 fome doe call them DiBamus albus, or Dictamnus albus , and Dipt amas albus, 
 as a difference from the DiBamnus Creticus, which is a farre differing plant. 
 Some would haue it to be Tragium of Diofcorides, but befide other things 
 wherein this differeth from Tragium, this yeeldeth no milkie iuice, as Dio- 
 fcorides faith Tragium doth : We in Englifh doe eyther call it FraxineUa, 
 or after the other corrupted name of Di flamus, Baftard Dittanie. 
 
 The 
 
The (garden of plea /ant t lowers, 
 
 335 
 
 The Vertues. 
 
 It is held to be profitable againft the ftingings of Serpents, again ft con- 
 tagious and peftilent difeafes, to bring downe the feminine courles, for the 
 paines of the belly and the ftone, and in Epilepticafl difeafes, and other 
 cold paines of the braines : the roote isthemoft effeduall for all thefe, 
 yet the feede is fometimes vied. 
 
 Chaf. LXXIX. 
 Legumim. Pulfe, 
 
 I F I (houid deferibe vnto you all the kindes of Pulfe, I fhould vnfold a little world 
 of varieties therein, more knowne and found out in thefedayes, then at any time 
 before, but that muft bee a part of a greater worke, which will abide a longer time 
 before it fee the light. I fhall only feledl thofe that are fit for this garden, and let them 
 downe for your confederation. All forts of Pulfe may be reduced vnder two generali 
 heads, thatis, of Beanes and Peafe, of each whereof there is both tame and wilde : 
 Of Beanes, befides the tame or vfuall garden Beane, and the French or Kidney Beane, 
 (whereof I meane to entreatc in my Kitchen garden, as pertinent thereto) there 
 is the Lupine or flat Beane, whereof I meane to entreatc here, and the blacke Beane 
 and others which muft bee referued for the Phyficke Garden. And of the kindes of 
 Peafe fome are fit for this Garden^whereunto I will adioyne two or three other plants 
 asneereftof affinitie, the flowers of fome, and the fruit of others being delightfull 
 to many, and therefore fit for this garden ) fome for the Kitchen, the reft for the Phy- 
 ficke garden . An d firft of Lupines or flat Beanes,acceptcd as delightfull to many , and 
 therefore fit for this garden. 
 
 1 . lupinus fitivus *l6ut. The white garden Lupine. 
 
 The garden Lupine rifeth vp with a great round ftalke, hollow and fomewhat wool- 
 ly, with diuers branches, whereon grow vpon long footcftalkes many broade leaues, 
 diuided into feuen or nine parts, or (mailer leaues, equally (landing round about, as it 
 Were in a circle, of a whitilh greene colour on the vpperfide, and more woolly vnder- 
 neath: the flowers (land many togetherat feuerall ioynts, bothof thegreater ftalke, 
 and thebranches, like vnto beanes, and of a white colour in fome places, and in ethers 
 of a very bleake blew tending to white : after the flowers are pad, there come in their 
 places, long,broade,and flat rough cods, wherein are contained round and flat feede, 
 yellowifti on the infide, and couered with a tough white skin, and very bitter in tafte : 
 the rootes are not very great, but full of fmall fibres, whereby it faftenetb it felfc 
 ftrongly in theground,yet perifheth euery yeare,as all thereft of thefe kindes doe. 
 
 2 . Lupinus aruit us maximus. The greater blew Lupine. 
 
 The Stemme or ftalke of this Lupine is greater then the laft before recited, as alfo 
 the leaues more foft and woolly, and the flowers are of a mod perfed blew colour, 
 with fome white fpots in the middle : the long rough grccnifh cods are very great and 
 large, wherein are contained hard, flat and round feede, not fo white on the outfide as 
 the former,but fomewhat yellower, greater alfo,and more rough or hard in handling. 
 
 3 . Lupinus urulcui miner. The lefler blew Lupine. 
 
 Thiskindeof wilde Lupine differeth not in the forme of leafe or flower from the 
 former, but only that it is much fmaller, the leaues are greener, and haug fewer diui- 
 fionsinthem : theflowerisof asdeepea blew colour as the laft ; the cods likewife 
 are fmall and long, containing fmall round feede, not fo flatas the former, but more 
 
 difcoloured 
 
y > 6 
 
 The (garden of plea f ant Flowers. 
 
 Minima i. 
 
 difcoloured or fpotted on the outfide,then the greater kinde is. There is a Idler kind 
 then this, not differing in any thing from this, but that it is leffer. 
 
 4. Lupinas flare lutein Theyellow Lupine. 
 
 The yellow Lupine growethnot vfuallyfo high, but with larger leaues then the 
 fmall blew Lupine 5 the flowers grow intvvoorthreerundles or tufts, round about 
 thcftalke and the branches at theioynts, of a delicate fine yellow colour, like in fa- 
 fhionvnto the other kindcs, being larger then the laft, but nothing fo large as the 
 greater kindcs, and of a fine fmall fent: the feede is round, andnotflat,butmucha- 
 bout the forme and bigneffe of the fmall blew, or fomewhat bigger, of a whitifh co- 
 lour on the outfide, fpotted with many fpots. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 Thcfirft groweth in many places of Greece, and the Bafterne Countries 
 beyond it, where it hath becne anciently cherifhed for their foode, being 
 often watered to take away the bitternelfe. Itgroweth alfo in thefe Weftern 
 parts, but ftill where it is planted. T he great blew Lupine is thought to 
 come from beyond the pats of Perils, inCaramania. The lefTerblewis 
 found very plentifully wil H,in many places both of Spaine and Italy.The 
 lad hath beene brought vs likewife out of Spaine, whereas it is thought it 
 groweth naturally. They all grow now in the gardens of thofe, that are 
 curious louers of thefe delights. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 They flower in Summer, and their feede is ripe quickly after. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 They are generally called Lupini. Plautus in his time faith, they were 
 vfed in Comedies in dead of money, when in any Scene thereof there 
 was any ftiew of payment, and therefore he calleth them Auram Censieum. 
 And Horace hath this V erfe, 
 
 Ntt timers igntnnt, quid distent <tn Lupinis , 
 
 to (hew that counterfeit money (fuch as counters are with vs, or as thefe Lu- 
 pines were vfed in thofe times) was eafily knowne from true and currant 
 coine. In Englifh wee vfually call them after the Latine name, Lupines • 
 and fomc after the Dutch name, Figge-beanes, becaufe they are flat and 
 round as a Figgc that is preffed ; and fomc Flat-beanes for the fame reafon. 
 Some haue called the yellow Lupine, Spanifh Violets : but other foolifh 
 names haue beene giuen it, as Virginia Rofes, and the like, by knauifh Gar- 
 diners and others, todeceiuemen, and make them beleeue they were the 
 finders out, or great preferuers of rarities, of no other purpofe, but to 
 chcatemenof their money : as you would therefore auoyde knauesand 
 deceiuers, beware of thefe manner of people, whereof the skirts of our 
 towne arc too pitifully pedered . 
 
 TheVertues. 
 
 The firfl or ordinary Lupine doth fcoure and cleanfe t he skin from fpots, 
 morphew, blew markes, and other difcolourings thereof, beeing vfed cy- 
 ther inadccodlion ot ponther. Weefeldomevfeit in inward medicines, 
 tot that it is dangerous, but of negledt, for formerly it hath beene much 
 vfed for the wormes, &c. 
 
 i.Litbjrus 
 
• • Itfimmtm.The 5 r«t Lanin*. 1 L.cW/.MM.TheyeHow Lupin*. ! L*thyimUlif'li*fru Pifum firm*. Prafc eucrhMug- 4 
 qiHtfra r»«»« ThecrimfonhlflfTonidorfqnarePeaft. V •MtditarnbUAtAvul^Atii Snailcsor Barbary buttons» o Mtdii* fpnofk. PncHy Snailcs, 
 7 JAedit M fpin»fAAlttra. Another fort of prickly Wilts. 8 MtditA JtUitult iVo. Broad buttons 0' Snailei. 5» JUtdiemlttouMilft Moons. lo tfo- 
 r(ypr4r#;». The red Satcin flower, or French HonyfacUe. 11 Stfrfiti&i *h«. The iefler Caterpillar» ii SeerfioidtitSAtmt. TilC grcatCJ 
 Gawrpilbr. 13 OfbtuVtmttk. Blew Vpri^h* P«ft caerUftag, 
 
 The (jar den of plea/ ant Flowers. 
 
he (jar den of plea f ant Hotter s. 
 
 i . Lxtbjrui litiftims, fiut Pifum ftrenne. Peafc euerlafting. 
 
 This kinde of wilde Peafe that abideth long, and groweth cuery yeare greater then 
 other, fpringcth vp with many broade tray ling branches, winged as it were on both 
 the fides, diuerfly diuided into other fmallcr branches, at thefeuerall ioynts whereof 
 ftand two hard, not broad, but fomewhat long greene leaues, and diuers twining claf- 
 pers,in fundry places with the leaucs, from betweenc the branches and the leaues at 
 the ioynts towards the toppes, come forth diuers purplifh peafe like bloffomes (lan- 
 ding on a long ftemme or flalke, very beauti full to behold, and of a pretty Pent or 
 fmcll : after which come fmall,long,thin,flar,hardskiod cods, containing fmall round 
 blackilh feede : the roote is great and thicke, growing downedeepe into the ground, 
 of the thickncfle fometimes of a mans arme, blackilh on the outfide,and whitifh with- 
 in, with fome branches and a few fibres annexed thereunto. 
 
 2 . Or thus Ft net us. Blew vpright euerlafting Peafe. 
 
 This pretty kinde of Peafe bloffome beareth diuers (lender, but vpright greene 
 branches fomewhat cornered, two foote high or thereabouts, hauing at feuerall di- 
 ftances on both (ides of them certaine winged leaues, fet together vpon long foote- 
 ftalkes one againft another, confiding of fix or eight leaues, fomewhat broade and 
 pointed, and without any odde one at the end : attheioynts toward thetoppes, be- 
 tween the leaues and the ftalkcs,come forth many flowers fet together at theend’of a 
 pretty long footcftalke, of the falhion of the former Peafe blo(ft>me, but (omewhat 
 (mailer, and of a purplifh violet colour: after which come (lender and long pointed 
 pods rounder then they, wherein is contained fmall round gray i(h peafe : the roote is 
 blacke, hard or woody, abiding after feede bearing as the former doth, and (hooting 
 afrelli euery yeare. 
 
 3 . Lithjrus annum fiHqau trabi. Partie coloured Cichelings. 
 
 This fmall Pulfe or wild Peafe, hath two or three long (lender winged branches 
 with finaller leaues theronthen the former, andwithoutanyclafpersatallonthem : 
 the flowers ftand (ingle, euery one by it felfe, or two at the mod together, the middle 
 leaues whereof that clofc together are white, and the vpper leaues of a reddidi purple 
 colour : after which come long round flattifh cods, bunched out in the feuerall places 
 where the feedes lye, like vnto the cods of Ortbus or the bitter Vetch,butgreater: the 
 roote is fmall and dyeth euery yeare. 
 
 4. Pifum quadratum. The crimfon bloflomd or fquare codded Peafe. 
 
 This pretty kinde of Pulfe might very well for the forme of the leaues, be referred 
 to the kindes of £*f«<or Trcfoiles : butbecaufe I hauc none of that kindred to en- 
 treate of in this W orke, 1 haue thought fitted to place it here before the Mcdica’s, be- 
 caufe both pods and feedes are like alfo. It hath three or foure fmall weake (hikes’, di- 
 uided into many branches, hauing two (hikes of leaues at cuery ioynr, and three 
 fmall (oft leaues (landing on a very fmall (hike, comming from the ioynts : the 
 flowers ftand for the mod part two together, of a perfetft red or crimfon colour, like 
 in forme almoft vnto a Peafe bIoflbme 5 after which come long thicke and round cods 
 with two skinnes or filmes, running all along thecodatthcbackeorvppcrfide, and 
 two other fuch like filmes, all along the belly or vnder fide, which make it feeme foure 
 fquare, wherein there lye round dil coloured Peafe, fomewhat fmaller and harder then 
 ordinary Peafe : the roote is (mall and periftieth euery yeare. 
 
 y. Medica Coebleat a vulgaris. Snailesor Barbary buttons. 
 
 The plant that beareth thefe pretty toyes for Gentlewomen, is fomewhat like vnto 
 a Threeleafed grafie or Trefoile, hauing many long tray ling branches lying vpon the 
 ground, whereon at diuers places are three fmall greene leaues, fet rogetherat thcend 
 of a little footcftalke, each of them a little fnipt about the edges : at feuerall diftanccs, 
 
 from 
 
The Cjardcn of pie at 'ant Fleers, j 3 9 
 
 from the middle of thcfe branches to the ends of them, come forth the flowers, two 
 for the mod parr ftanding together vpon a little footftalkc, which arc of a pale yellow 
 colour, very fmill, and of the forme of a Peafc bloftome : after which come fmooth 
 heads, which arc turned or writhen round, almofl like a Snailc, hard and greene atthe 
 firff, fomewhat like a greene button (from the formes of both which caine their 
 names)but afterwards growing whiter, more foftand open, wherein lyethyellowilh 
 round and flat feede, fomewhat like vnto the Kidney beane : theroote is fmall and 
 llringie, dying downe euery yeare,and mult be new fownc in the 1 pring, if you delire 
 to hauc it. 
 
 6 . Mcdicx fp 'mtfi mtior. Prickly or thorny Snailes,or Buttons. 
 
 This kinde of Media is inall things very like vnto theformer, both in the long tray- 
 ling branches, & three leaues alwaies growing together, but a littlegrcarer paleyellow 
 flowers, and crooked or winding heads : but herein chiefly conlifteth the difference, 
 that this kinde hath his heads or buttons harder, a little greater, more clofed together, 
 and fee with fliortand fomewhat Hard prickles, all the head ouer, which being pulled 
 open, hauethofe prickles (landing on each fide of thefilmeorskinne, Whereof the 
 head conlifteth, fomewhat like vnto a filhbonc, and in this kinde goeth all one way j 
 inwhichare contained (uch like feedes for the forme, as are in the former, but great 
 and blackc, and (liining withail, 
 
 7. Mcdicx fpinofx niter*. Small thorney Buttons, or Snailes. 
 
 This other kinde is alfo like vnto the laft deferibed in all other things, except in the 
 heads or buttons, which are a little fmaller, but fee with longer and fofter prickes vpon 
 the filmes, and may eafily bee dilcerned to goe both forwards and backewards, one 
 cnterlacing within another, wherein are contained luch like flataudblackefhining 
 feede, made after the falliion of a kidney,;» are in the former, but fomewhat Imaller s 
 theroote perilheth inlike manner cucry yearc. 
 
 $. Media Idtx. Broade Buttons. 
 
 This kinde differeth not from the firftin leafe or flower, the fruite onely hereof is 
 broade and flat, and not fo much twined as it. 
 
 9. Media Lumta. Halfe Moones. 
 
 This is alfo a kinde of thefeMedicke fodders, hauing a trefoyle leafe and yellow 
 flowers like the former forts, but both fomewhat larger, the chiefeft difference con- 
 fifteth in the head or fruite, which is broade and flat, and not twined like the reft, but 
 abideth halfe clofed,rcfembling a halfe Moone (and thereupon hath aftumed both the 
 Latinc and Eng lift) name) wherein is contained flat feede, kidney falbion like the for- 
 mer. 
 
 i o. Hcdyfurum clypextum. The red Sattin flower. 
 
 This red flowred Fitchling. hath many (hikes of wingedfaire greeneleaues, that is, 
 of many fet on both fidesa middleribbe, whereof thatattheendisthegreatellof 
 the reft : from the ioynts wherethe leaues (land, come forth pretty long fmall ftalkes, 
 bearing on them very many flowers, vp to thetoppe one aboue another, of an excel- 
 lent (liining red or crimfon colour, very like vnto Sattin of that colour, andfomc- 
 timesof a white colour, (as Mailer William Coys,a Gentleman of good refpedt in 
 E(Tex,a great and ancient louerandcherifher of thefe delights, and of all other rare 
 plants, in his life time allured me, he had growing in his garden at Stubbers by North 
 Okenden) which arc fomewhat large, and more clofed together, almofl flat and 
 not open, as in mod of the other forts : after the flowers are pall, there come 
 rough, flat, round huskes, fomewhat like vnto the old falhioned round bucklers with- 
 out pikes, three ot foure ftanding one vpon or aboue another, wherein are contained 
 
 Ff % fmall 
 
fmall brownifh feed" : the rootc perifheth the fame ycare it bcareth icede, for often- 
 times it flowreth not the firft yeare it is fowne. 
 
 1 1 . Seer pi tides maius dr minus. 
 
 Great and lmall Caterpillers. 
 
 Vnder one defeription I comprehend both thefe forts of Scorpions graffe,or Cater- 
 pillers, or Wormes,as they arc called by many, whereof the greater hath been known 
 but of lateyeares; and ioyne them to thefe pulfes, not hauing a fitter place whereto 
 infert them. It isbutafmall low plant, with branches lying vpon the ground, and 
 fomewhatlong, broad, and hard leaues theron, among which comeforth (mail ftalkes, 
 bearing at the end for the moll part, two fmall pale yellowifh flowers, like vnto T ares 
 ®r Vetches, but fmaller, which turne into writhed or crooked tough cods ; in the grea- 
 ter fort they are much thicker, rounder and whiter, and leffer wound or turned toge- 
 ther then in the fmaller, which are (lenderer, more winding, yet not clofing like vnto 
 the Snailes, and blacker more like vnto a Caterpiller then the other, wherein are 
 contained brownifli yellow feede, much like vntoa Medics : the rootes of both are 
 fmall and fibrous, perifhing euery ycare. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 Thefe are found feucrally in diuers and feuerall places, but weefowand 
 plant them vfually to furnifh our gardens. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 They doe all flower about the moneths of Iune and Iuly,and their feede 
 is ripe foone after : but the fecond is earlier then the reft. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 The firft is called Clymenum of Matthfc>lus,and Lathyris of Lobel and o- 
 thers : but Lathyris in Greeke is Cataputia in Latine, which is our Spurge, 
 farre differing from this Pulfe ; and therefore Lathyrus is more proper to 
 diftinguifh them afunder, that two plants fo farre vnlikcfhoufdnotbee 
 called by one name : this is alfo called Lathyrus lat if elites, becaufe there 
 is another called augufa folias, that differeth from it alfo : It is moft vfually 
 called with vs, Ptfum perenne, and in Englifh Peafe bloflome, or Peafeeuer- 
 lafting. The fecond is called by Clufius, Orobus venetus, bccaufe it was fent 
 him from Venice, with another of the famekinde that bore white flowers s 
 yet differeth but little or nothing from that kinde he found in Hungary, that 
 I thinke the feuerall places of their growing only caufe them to bearc feue- 
 rall names, and to be the fame in deede. Although I yeeld vnto Clufius the 
 Latinename which doth not fufficiently content race • yet I hauc thought 
 good to giue it a differing Englifh name, according as it is in the title. The 
 third, becaufe I firft receitied it among other feeds from Spaine,I haue giuen 
 it the name, as itiscntituled.Thc fourth is called of Come Sandalida Cretics > 
 dr Lotus fihqttofus fere rubcHo, Lotus tetragonolobus, Ptfum rubrum, dr Ptfum 
 quadratum : We vfually call it in Englifh, Crimfon Peafe,or fquare Peafe. 
 The Medica Cechieat a is called of Dodonatus Trifolium Cochleatum^ but not 
 iudged to be the true Medica. Wee call it in Englifh, Medick fodder, Snailes 
 Clauer, or as it is in the title, and fo the reft of the Medica’s accordingly. 
 The Hedy far umclyf eat um or Securidaca is called of Dodontcus Onebricbia 
 altera, and we in Englifh for the likencffe. The red Sattin flower, although 
 fomefoolidily call it, the red or French Honyfuckle. The laft is called by 
 Lobel, Scorpieidcs bupleuriftlio, I haue called it minus, becaufe thegreateft 
 fort which came to me out of Spaine was not knownc vnto him: in Englifh 
 they are generally called Caterpillers. 
 
 The 
 
 11 
 
The Cjarcten of plea/ ant Flow cr s H r - 
 
 The Vertues. 
 
 TheMedica’s are generally thought to feede cattell fat much more then 
 the Medow Trefoilc, or Clauer grade, and therefore I haue known diuers 
 Gentlemen that haue plowed vpfomeof their pafture grounds, arid fowen 
 them with the feedcs of fome Medica’ s to make the experience. Ail tlic ei- 
 ther forts are pleafures to delight the curious, and not any way profitable 
 in Phyficke that 1 know. 
 
 Chap. LXXX. 
 ji: Peonia. Peonie. 
 
 T Here are two principali kindes of Peonie, that is to fay, the Male and the Fe- 
 male. Of the male kinde, Ihaueoncly known one fort, but of the Female a 
 greatmany; which are thus to be diftinguilhed. The Male his leaf c lswhole, 
 without any particular diuifion, notch or dent on the edge,& his rootes long & round, 
 diuided into many branches,, fomewhat like to the rootes of Gentian or Elecampane, 
 and not tuberous at all.The Female of all forts hath theleaues diuided or cut m on the 
 edges,more or lefle, and hath alwaies tuberous rootes, that is, like clogs or Alphodul 
 rootes, with many great thick round peeces hanging, or growing at theend of Imaller 
 firings, andallioyned to the toppeof the maine rootc. 
 
 i.puohiamas. The Male Peonie. 
 
 The Male Peonie rifeth vp with many brownifh ftalkes, whereon doe grow winged 
 
 leaues, that is, many fairegreene,andfpmeTimesreddifh,leaues,©nefetagainft another 
 vpon a ftalke, without any particular diuifion intheleafeatall : the flowers ftand at 
 the toppes of the ftalkes, confiding of fiue or fix broade leaues, of a faire purphlh red 
 colour, with many yellow threds in the middle, (landing about the head, which after 
 rifeth to be the feede velTcls, diuided into two, three or fourerough crooked pods like 
 homes, which when they are ful ripe, open and turnthemfelues down one edge to an- 
 other backeward.fhewing within them diuers round black fhining feede, which are the 
 true feede, being full and good, and hauing alfo many red or crimlon graines, which are 
 lancke and idle, intermixed among thcblacke, as if they were good feede, whereby it 
 makethavery pretty (hew: the roots are great, thickandiong,fpreading in the ground, 
 and running downe reafonable deepe. 
 
 s. P&on'ta femina vulgaris /lore fimplicl. 
 
 Theordinary (ingle Female Peonie. 
 
 This ordinary Female Peonie hath many ftalkes, with more {tore of leaues on them 
 then the Male kinde hath, the leaues alfo are not fo large, but diuided or nicked di- 
 uerfly on the edges, fome with great and deepe, and others with fmaller cuts or diui- 
 fions,and of a darke or dead greene colour : the flowers are of a ftrong heady lent, 
 mod vfually fmaller then the male, and of a more purple tending to a murrey colour, 
 with yellow thrumes about the head in the middle, as the male kinde hath : the heads 
 or homes with feed are like alfo but fmaller, the feede alfo is blacke,but lefle finning: 
 the rootes confift,as I faid, of many thicke and (hort tuberous clogs, faftenedarthe 
 ends of long firings, and all from the head of the roote, which is thicke and {hort, and 
 tuberous alfo, of the fame or the like fent with the male. 
 
 3 . Peonia femina vulgaris flore pleno rulro. 
 
 The double red Peonie. 
 
 This double Peonie as well as the former fingle , is fo frequent in eueric 
 "Garden of note, through euery Countrey, that it is almoft labour invame 
 
 Ff a 
 
34 - 2 - c / he (jar den of pleajant blowers. 
 
 to defcribe it : but yet becaufe Ivfc not to pafTe ouer any plant fo (lightly , I will fet 
 down the defcriplionbriefly ,in regard it is fo cotnmon.lt is very like vnto the former 
 finglefemale Peony, both in ftulkes and leaues, but that it groweth fomewhat higher, 
 and the leaues are of a frcfher greene colour : the flowers at the tops of the (hikes are 
 very large, thicke, and double (no flower that I knowfo faire, great, and double ; but 
 not abiding blowneaboue eight or ten daieslof a more reddilh purple Colour "then 
 the former female kinde, and ofa Tweeter fent : after thefe flowers are paft,fometimes 
 come good feed, which being fowne, bring forth fome (ingle flowers , and fome dou- 
 ble: therootes are tuberous, like vntothc former female. 
 
 4. Premia ftm'inx fltre carnet fimplici. The (ingle blufli Peony. 
 
 The fingle blufh Peony hath his (hikes higher , and his leaues of a paler or whiter 
 greene colour then the double blufli, and more white vnderneath((o that it is very pro- 
 bable it is of another kinde, and not rifen from the feede of the double blufh as fome 
 might thinke) with many veines, that are fomewhat diftoloured from the colour of 
 the leafe running through them: the flowers are very largeand (ingle, confiding of 
 fiue leaues for the mod part, of a pale flefli or blufh colour , with an eye of yellow dif- 
 perfed or mixed therewith, hauing many whtrifh threads , tipt with yellow pendents 
 (landing about the middle head : the rootes are like the other female Peonies. 
 
 5. Pacmaftmina flore plent albicante. The double blufh Peony. 
 
 The double blufh Peony hath not his (hikes fohigh as the double red , but fome- 
 what lower and ftiffer,bearing fuch like winged leaues, cut in or diuided hereand there 
 in the edges, as all thefe female kindes are, but not fo large as the lad : the flowers are 
 (mailer, and lefle double by a good deale then the former double red, ofa faint (hinin»- 
 crimfon colour atthefirfl opening, but decaying or waxing paler euery day: fothat 
 after it hath dood long (for this flower (heddeth not his leaues in a great while) it will 
 change fomewhat whitifh ; and therefore diuers haue ignorantly called it, the double 
 white Peony : the feedes , which fometimes it bearerh , androotes.are like vnto the 
 former female kindes, but fomewhat longer, and of a brighter colour on the outfide. 
 
 6. Pxtnix femina Bezant ins. The fingle red Peony of Conftantinople. 
 
 This red Peony of Condantinoplc is very like in all things vnto the double red Pe- 
 onic, but that the flowers hereof are fingle, and as large as the lad, and that is larger 
 then either the fingle female, or the malekinde, confiding of eight leaues, of a deeper 
 red colour then either the fingle or double Peonies, and not purplifh at all, but rather 
 of the colour of an ordinary red Tulipa,danding clofc and round together : the roots 
 of this kinde haue longer clogs, and not fo Ihort as of the ordinary female kinde and 
 ofa paler colour on the outfide. * 
 
 The Place. 
 
 All thefe Peonies haue beene fent or brought from diuers parts beyond 
 the Seas ; they are endenized in our Gardens , where wee cherifli them for 
 the beauty and delight o,f their goodly flowers, as well as for their Phy ficall 
 vertues. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 They allflower in May, butfome (aslfaid) abide a fmall time, ando- 
 thersmany weekes. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 The name Patnia is of all the later Writers generally giuen to thefe 
 plants, although they haue had diuers other names giuen by the elder Wri- 
 ters, as Sff/a fatnina, Idem datylnt, Aglaophttis, and others , whereof to fet 
 
 downe 
 
The Cfardenu/ pleajant tmers . 
 
 3+3 
 
 
 I rtmtKM wmftmm. The malt Peony Scthe feed. » Vtniafimna Byvatina.The female redPcony of Conftaminople. 3 P<- 
 cniaftmin* fiorepUTtauul^tris.TVt ordinary double Peony. 4 P«*« J^re pfexe xi!ur««.Tbe double white Peony, e HcMorni 
 verum tuorubintc fltre-Thc early while Ellcbonwitha datke red flower. 6 Htl/chms niprvimt. The Chnflmai Mower. 7 (*h 
 
 II tint Hurl*. Outiadm Slipper, 
 
The (jarden of p/ealant t lowers. 
 
 downe thecaufes, reafons, and ertours, were to tpend more rime then i in- 
 tend for this workc. Wee call them in Englilh, Peonie, and diftinguifli 
 them according to their titles. 
 
 TheVcrtues. 
 
 The male Peony roote is farre aboue all the reft a moft Angular appro- 
 ued remedy forall Epilepticall difeafes , in Englifb, The falling ficknefle 
 (and more efpccially the greene roote then the d ry j if the difeafe be nor too 
 inueterate, to be boy led and drunke, as alfo to hang about the neckes 6f the 
 younger fort that are troubled herewith, as I haue tound it (utficiently expe- 
 rimented on many by diuers. The feede likewife is of efpeciall vie for wo- 
 men, for the riling of the mother. The feede of the female kinde , as well 
 as the rootes, are moft vfually fold , and may in want of the other be (and 
 fo are generally) vfed. 
 
 Chap.LXXXI. 
 tieHcborta niger. Beares foote. 
 
 T Herc are three forts of blaclce Hcllebor or Beares foote, one that is the true and 
 right kinde, whofe flowers haue the moft beautifull afpedt, and the time of his 
 flowring moft rare, that is, in the deepe of Winter about Chriftmas , when no 
 other can bee leenevpon the ground: and two other that are wilde or baftard kindes, 
 brought into many Gardens for their Phyficall properties j but I will only ioyne one 
 of them with the true kinde in this worke, and leaue the other for another. 
 
 I . Hellebores niger verus. The true blackc Hcllebor, 
 or Chriftmas flower. 
 
 The true blacke Hellebor (or Bcare foote as fome would call it, but that name doth 
 more fitly agree with the other two baftard kindes) hath many faire greene leaues ri- 
 fing from the roote, each of them Handing on a thicke round flelhly ftiffe green ftalke, 
 about an hand breadth highftom the ground, diuided into feuen, eight, or nine parts 
 or leaues, and each of them nicked or dented,from the middleof the leafe to the point- 
 ward on both fides, abiding all the Winter , at which time the flowers rife vp on fuch 
 Ihort thicke ftalkcs as the leaues Hand on, cuery one by it felfe, without any leafe 
 thereon for the moft parr , or very feldome hauing one fmall fnort leafe not much vn- 
 derthe flower, and very little higher then the leanes themfclues, conliftingof fiue 
 broad white leaues , like vnto a great white Angle Rofc(whichfometimeschangeto 
 be either lefle or more purple about the edges , as the weather or time of continuance 
 doth effedl) with many pale yellow thrumraes in the middle , (landing about a greene 
 head, which after groweth to haue diuers cods fet together, poinredatthe endslike 
 homes, fomewhat like the feede velfels of the Aconitum hyem&lc, but greater & thicker, 
 wherein is contained long, round, and blackifh feede , like the feede of the baftard 
 kindes : the rootes are a number of brownifh firings running downe deepe into the 
 ground, and fattened to a thicke head, of the bigneile of a finger at the toppe manie 
 times,and fmaller ftill downewards. 
 
 2 . HeRebortJler minor. The Idler baftard blacke Hellebor, or Beare foote. 
 
 The fmaller Beare foote is in moft things like vnto the former true blacke Hellebor; 
 for it beareth alfo many leaues vponfhortftalkes, diuided into many leaues alfo, buc 
 each of them are long and narrow, ofa blacker greene colour, fnipt or dented on both 
 edges, which feele fomewhat hard or fliarpe like prickes,andperi(heueryyeare, but 
 rife againe the next Spring : the flowers hereof (land on higher ftalkcs, with tome 
 leaues on them alfo, although but very few, and arc'of a pale greene colour, like ia 
 
 forme 
 
T be Ljarden 0 / plea) ant t loners. 
 
 forme vn to the flowers of the former, but fmaller , hauing alfo many greenifli yel low 
 threads or thrums in the middle, and fuch like heads orfeedc veflels,and blackifli feed: 
 the rootes are ftringie and blackifli like the former. 
 
 
 The Place. 
 
 The firfl: groweth onely in the Gardens ofthofethatare curious,and de- 
 light in all forts of beautifull flowers in our Countrey , but wilde in many 
 places of Germany, Italy, Greece, &c. 
 
 The other groweth wilde in many places of England, as wcl I as the other 
 greater fort, which is not here deferibed ; for befides diuers places within 
 eight or ten miles from London, I hauc feen it in the Woods of Northamp- 
 tonfhirc, and in other places. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 The firfl of thefe plants doth flower in the end of December, and be- 
 ginning of Ianuary moft vfually , and the other a moncth or two after, and 
 lometimc more. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 The firfl is called UeUeborut, or Elleborus niger verm , and is the famethat 
 both Theophraftusand Diofcorides hauc written of, and which was called 
 MeUmpodion, ofMelampus the Goateheard, that purged and cured the mad 
 or melancholicke daughters ofPrattus with the rootes thereof. Dodon^u* 
 calleth it Centrum mgrum primum , arid the other fecundum : Wee call it in 
 Englifh, The true blacke Hellebor , or the Chriftmas flovrer,becaufe(asI 
 Laid) itis moft commonly in flower at or before Chriftmas. The fecond is 
 a baftard or wilde kinde thereof, it fonearely refembleth thetrue, andis 
 called of moft ofthe later Writers, PfeudoeOeborus niger minor, or Hellebor a- 
 fierminer, for adiftinttion betweene it and the greater, which is not here 
 deferibed : and is called in Englifh , The fmaller or lefTer Beare foort, and 
 moft vfed in Phyfickc, becaufeit is more plentiful!, yetis more churlifh and 
 ftrong in operation then the true or former kinde. 
 
 TheVerrues. 
 
 The rootes of both thefe kindes are fafe medecines, being rightly prepa- 
 red, to be vfed for all Melancholicke difeafes, whatfoeuer others may fears 
 or write, and may be without danger applied, fo as care and skill, and not 
 temerary raflinefle doe order and difpole of them. 
 
 The powder of the dryed leaues, efpccially ofthe baftard kinde, is a fure 
 remedy to kill the wormes in children, moderately taken . 
 
 Chat. LXXXII. 
 
 Elleborus elbus . White Ellebor or Necfewort. 
 
 T Herearetwo forts ofgreat white Ellebors or Neefcworts , whereas there was 
 but one kinde knowne to the Ancients • the other being found out of later 
 dayes : And although neither of both thefe haue any beauty in their flowers, 
 yet becaufe their leaues , being faire and large, haue a goodly profpe<ft, I hauc infer- 
 red them in this place , that this Garden Ihould not be vnfurnilhed of them, and you 
 not vnacquainted with them. 
 
 1. Ellebor ut 
 
: , 4 6 
 
 The Cjarden of pica! ant Flowers. 
 
 I . Elleboras albus vulgaris. White Ellebor or Neefing roote. 
 
 The firft great white Ellebor rifeth at the firft out of the ground, with a whitilh 
 grecnegrcar’ round head, which growing vp , openeth it felfe into many goodly fake 
 large greene leaues, plaited or ribbed with eminent ribbes all along the leaues, com- 
 piifin* oneanother at the bottom?, in the middle whereof rifeth vp a ftalke three foot 
 hi^h or better, with diuers fuch like leaues thereon, but fmaller to the middle thereof; 
 from whcnceto the toppeitis diuidedinto many branches, hailing many fmallyel- 
 lowifli, or whitilh greene ftarre-like flowers all along vponthem, which after turne 
 into fault, long.threcfqurre whitifh feede, (landing naked, without any husketo con- 
 tainethem, although fome haue written otherwife : the roote is thicke and reafonable 
 great at the head, hauing a number of great white firings running do wnedeepc into 
 the ground, whereby it is ftrongly fattened. 
 
 l.Eiebarus albus pracex Jiue atrorubente fore. 
 The early white Ellebor with reddifh flowers. 
 
 This other Ellebor is very like the former , but that it fpringeth vp a moneth at the 
 lead before it, and that the leaues arc not fully fo thicke or fo much plaited,but aslarge 
 or larger, and doe fooner perifli and fall away from the plant : the ftalke hereof is as 
 high as the former, bearing fuch like ftarry flowers, but of a darke or blackiftired co- 
 lour : the feedcis like the other : the roote hath no fuch head as the other (fo farre as I 
 haue obferued, both by mine own and others plant«)but hath many long white firings 
 fattened to the top, which is as it were a long bulbous fcaly head , out of which fpring 
 thelcaucs. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 The firftgroweth in many places of Germany, as alfo in fome parts of 
 Ruflia, in that aboundance, by the relation of that worthy, curious, and di- 
 ligent fearcher and preferuer of all natures rarities and varieties, my very 
 good friend, Iohn Tradefcante , often heretofore remembred, rhat,ashee 
 laid, a good (hip might be loaden with the rootes hereof, which hee faw in 
 anlfland there. 
 
 The other like wife groweth in thcvpland wooddy grounds of Germa- 
 nie, and other the parts thereabouts. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 The firft fpringeth vp in the end or middle of March , and flowreth in 
 Iune.Thc fccond fpringeth in February, but flowreth not vntill Iunc. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 The firft is called EUcbar us albus, or Uelleborus albus , the letter H, asall 
 Schollersknow, being but afptrattonis sot a : and f'eratrum album floreviri- 
 dante, of fome Ssnguu Herculis. The other is called Elleborus albus prxcox, 
 and flare atrarubente, or atrapurpurautc. We call the firft in Englifh, White 
 Ellebor, Neefcwort, or Neefing roote,becaufe the powder of the roote is 
 vfed to procure neefing ; and I call it the greater , in regard of thofe in the 
 next Chapter. The other hath his name according to the Latine title, moft 
 proper for it. 
 
 TheVertues. 
 
 The force of purging is farre greater in the roote of this Ellebor, then in 
 the former 5 andtherefore is not careleflyto bee vfed, without extreame 
 danger; yet in contumatious andftubborne difeafesit may bee vfed with 
 
 good 
 
r T he (garden of plea) ant blowers, 3 
 
 good caution and aduice. ThereisaSyrupeorOxymelmadehereofin the 
 Apothecaries (hops , which as it is dangerous forgeatle and tender bodies, 
 fo it may be very effe&uall in ftronger conditutions. Paufanias in Phteicu, 
 recordeth a notable dratagem that Solon vfed in befieging the Citic of 
 Cirrheus,ws.That hauing cutoff the riuerPliftus from running into the 
 Citre,he caufed a great many of thefe roores to be put into a quantity there- 
 of, which after they had deeped long enough therein, and was fumciently 
 infe&ed therewith , he let paffe into the Citieagaine: whereof when they 
 had greedily drunke, they grew fo weakc and feeble by the fuperpurgation 
 thereof, that they were forced to leaue their wals vnmand,and nor guarded, 
 whereby the Amphy&ions their enemies became maders of their Citieo 
 The like dratagems are fet downe by diuers other Authors , performed by 
 the helpe of other herbes. 
 
 Chap. LXXXIII. 
 
 F.Rcb trine. Small or wilde white Ellebor. 
 
 T He likenede of the leaues of thefe plants, rather then any other faculty with 
 the former white Ellebor, hath caufed them to be called Elleborinc, as if they 
 were fmaller white Ellebprs. And I for the fame'caufe haue ioyned them next 
 whereof thereare found many forts : One which is the greater kinde, is of greated 
 beauty ; the other which are leffer differ not much one from another, more then in the 
 colour of the flowers, whereof 1 will onely take three, being of the mod beautie. 
 and leaue the red to another worke. 
 
 r . Hdleborinc vcl Elleborinc mater, fine Cahtoltu Maria, 
 
 Our Ladies Slipper. 
 
 This mod beautifull plant ofall thefe kindes, rifeth vp with diuers dalkes', afoote 
 and a halfe high at the mod, bearing on each fide of them broadgrecne leaues’, fomc- 
 what like in forme vnto the leaues of the white Ellebor, but fmaller and not fo ribbed 
 comparing the dalke at the lower end ; at the tops of the dalkes come foith one, or 
 two, or three flowers at the mod, one aboue another , vpon fmall ftort foote-ftalkes 
 with a fmall leafe at the foote of eucry dalke : each of thefe flowers are of a lon°- ouall 
 forme, that is, more long then round, and hollow with*ll,efpecially at the vppe r parr 
 the lower being round and fwelling 1 ike a belly :at the hollow part there are two fmall 
 peeces like eares or flippers, that at the fir A doe couer the hollow part, and after dand 
 aparc one from another, all whichareofa fine pale yellow colour, in all that I haue 
 feene (yet it is faid there are feme found , that arc more browne or tending to purple) 
 there are likewifefoure long , narrow, darke coloured leaues at the fetting on of the 
 flower vnto the dalke , wherein as it were the flower at the fird dandeth : the whole 
 flower is of a pretty fmall fent : the feede is very fmall, very like vnto the feede of the 
 Orchides or Satyrions, and contained in fuch like long pods, but bigger : the roots arc 
 
 compofedof a number of firings enrerlacingthcmfeluesonewithinanother lying 
 
 withm the vpper crufl of the earth, & not fpreading deep, of a darke brownilh colour. 
 2 . Elleborinc minor flore albo. 
 
 The fmallor wilde white Ellebor with awhite flower. 
 
 , This fmaller wilde white Ellebor rifeth vp in the like manner vnto the former, and 
 
 not much lower, bearing fuch like leaues, but fmaller, and of a whiter greenecolour, 
 almod of the colour and faffiion of the leaues of Lilly Conually ; the top of the dalke 
 hath many more flowers, but lefTer, growing together, fpikc-falhion, with fmall fhort 
 leaues at thefl:alke of euery flower, which confifieth of fiuefmall white leaues , with a 
 fmall clofe hood in the middle, without any fent at all : the feede and feede vcffels arc 
 
 like 
 
>J 
 
 4.8 
 
 'i be Cjarden of pleafant h lowers . 
 
 likevntotheformer,but ftnaller : therootesare many Imall ftnngs , dilperfing them' 
 (ciucs in the ground. 
 
 The leaues of this kinde are like vnto the laft deferibed , but fomewhat narro wer : 
 the (hikes and flowers are alike , but fmaller alio , and of a pale purplilb or blufh co- 
 lour, which caufeth the difference* 
 
 triesalfo. it groweth likevvifein Lancafhire, neatevpon the border of 
 Yorkshire, in a wood or place called the Helkcs, which is three miles from 
 lngleborough,thehigheft Hill in England, and not farre from Inglecon, as 
 lamenformed by a courteous Gentlewoman, a great louer of thefe de- 
 lights, called Miftrjs Thomafin Tunftall, who dwellethatBull-banke, 
 neare Hornby Caftlein thofe parts, and who hath often fentmee vpthe 
 rootesto London, which haue'borne faire flowersin my Garden. Thefe- 
 cond groweth in many places of England, and wit h the fame Gentlewoman 
 alfo before remembred, who fent me one plant of this kinde with the other. 
 Thelaftlhauenotyet krtowhe to growe in England; but no doubt many 
 things doe lye hid, and notobferued, which in time may beedifcQuered,if 
 our Country Gentlemen and women , and others, in their feuerall places 
 where they dwell, would be more carefull and diligent, and beaduertifed 
 either by themfelues, or by others capable and fit to be imployed, as occa- 
 fion and time might ferue , to finde out fuch plants as growe in any the cir- 
 cuits or limits of their habitations, or in their trauels , as their pleafuresor 
 affaires leade them. And becaufe ignorance is the chiefe caufe of negled 
 of many rare things, which happen to their view at fometimes, which are 
 nottobe feeneagaine peraduenture, or not in many ycares after, I would 
 heartily aduife all men of meanes, to be ftirred vp to bend their mindcs,and 
 fpend a little more time and trauell in thefe delights of herbes and flowers, 
 then they haucformerly done, which arenot onely harrnlelfe, but pleasu- 
 rable in their time, and profitable in their vfe. And if any would be better 
 enformed, and certified of fuch things they know not , I would be willing 
 and ready to my beft skill to aduertife them, that (hall fend any thing vp to 
 me where I dwell in London. Thus farre I haue digrefled from the matter 
 in hand, and yet not without fome good vfe I hope, that others may make 
 of it. 
 
 The two firft flower earlier then the laft, and both the firfl about one 
 time, that is, in the end of Aprill, or beginning of May. _Thelaft in the 
 end of May, or in Iune. 
 
 fome thought to be Cofmofondtlos , becaufe it is Sandali forms. In Englifh we 
 call it our Ladies Slipper, after the Dutch name. The other two lefler kinds 
 haue their names in their titles:! haue thoughtit fit to adde the title of fmall 
 white Ellcbors vnto thefe, for the forme fake, as is before faid. 
 
 3 . F.tteborint miner flore pur pur ente. 
 
 The fmall or wilde white Ellebor with blufli flowers. 
 
 The Place* 
 
 The firfl groweth in very many places of Germany, and in other Coun- 
 
 TheTime. 
 
 '11 ‘ 
 
 TheNames. 
 
 The Vertucs. 
 
 There is no vfe of thefe in Phyficke in our dayes that I know. 
 
 f t 
 
 C H A ?. 
 
The (j dr den of p leaf ant Fiovc er s . 
 
 34 ? 
 
 ChAp.LXXXIIII; 
 
 Lilium CoHuiUium. Lilly Comially. 
 
 T He remembrance of the Conuall Lilly , fpoken of in the precedent Chapter; 
 hath caufed me to infert thefc plants among the reft , although differing both 
 in face and properties; but left it (hould lofe all place, let it keepc this; It is of 
 two forts, differing chiefly in the colour of the flowers, the one being white , and the 
 other reddifli,as ftiall be (hewed in their deferiptions following. 
 
 i. Lilium CtuuiUium flore elbo. The white Lilly Cotiually. 
 
 The white Conuall or May Lilly, hath three or foureleauesrifing together from 
 thcrootc; one enclofcd within another, each whereof when it isopenis long and 
 broad, of a grayilh (hining grecne colour, foraewhat tefembling the leaues of the for- 
 mer wilde Neefewort, at the fide whereof, and foraetimefrom the middle of them, 
 rifeth vp a fmill (hort naked foote-ftalke, an hahd breadth high or fomewhat more, 
 bearing at the toppe one aboue another many fmallwhitc flowers, like little hollow 
 bottles with open mouths , nicked or cut into fiue or fix notches , turning all downe- 
 wardsone way, or on one fide of the ftalke,ofa very ftrong fweete fent , and comfort 
 table for the memory and fenfes, which turne into fmall red berries, like vnto A (pata- 
 gus, wherein is contained hard white (cede : the rootesrunne vnder ground, creeping 
 cucry way, confiding of many fmall white (kings. 
 
 a. Lilium ConuiHiUm flore rubente. May Lillies with red flowers. 
 
 This other May Lilly differeth neither in roote,leafe,ndr forme of flower from that 
 before, but onely in the colour of the flower, which is of a fine pale red colour , being 
 in my iudgemeat not altogether fo fweet as the former. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 The firft groweth aboundantly in many places of England. The other is 
 a fttanger,and groweth only in the Gardens of thofe that are curious louers 
 of rarities. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 They both flower in May, and the berries arc ripe in Auguft. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 The Latines hane no other name for this plant but Lilium ConaoSium, al- 
 though Come would haue it to be Liliumvernum of Theophraftus , and o- 
 thers Oeneuthe of the fame Author. Gefner thinketh it to be culhonymutt 
 Lonicerus to be Caculia, and Fuchfiustobe Epkememm non lethile: but they 
 are all for the mod part miftaken.W e call it in Englifh Lilly Conually, May 
 Lilly, and of fomc Liriconfancic. 
 
 TheVertueS. 
 
 The flowers of the white kinde are often vied with thofe thingsthat help 
 to (Lengthen the memory , and to procure eafe to Apople&icke perfons.' 
 Camerarius fetteth downethe manner of making an oyle of the flowers 
 hereof, which he faith is very effcduall to eafe the paines Of the Goute, and 
 fuch like difeafeSjto be vfed outwardly, which is thus: Hauing filled a glaffc 
 with the flowers , and being well (lopped, fetitforamonethsfpacdinan 
 Ants hill, and after being drayned cleare, fet it by to vfe. 
 
 Gg 
 
 Cs Afe; 
 
c f he (jar den of pleafant Flowers. 
 
 Chap. LXXXV. 
 
 Gent Unit. Gentian or Fell- wort. 
 
 T Here are diuers forts of Gentians or Fcllwortes, fome greater, others lefler, 
 and fome very final! ; many of them haue very beautiful] flowers, but beqipfe 
 fome are very fuddenly part, before one would i hinke they were blotvne open, 
 and others will abide no culture and manuring, I w.ll onely fet forth vnto you two of 
 the greater fort s,and three of the lelfer kindes,as fitted, and more familiarly furnifhing 
 our gardens, leauing the red to their wilde habitations, and to bee comprehended 
 in a generali Worke. >> 
 
 i . Gentium miier flare jhnt>. The great GentiaS. 
 
 Thegreat Gentian rifeth vp atthefirft, with a long, round and pointed head of 
 leaues, doling one another, which alter opening themfelues, lye vpon the ground, 
 and are faire, long and broad, fomewhat plaited or ribbed like vnto the leaues of white 
 Elleboror Neefeworte, but notfo fairely or eminently plaited, neythcr fo diffc, but 
 rather refemblingthe leaues of a great Plan ane : from among which rifeth vpadiffe 
 round dalke, three foote high orbetter, full of ioynts, hauingtwo fuch leaues, but 
 narrower and fmallerateuery ioynt, fo cotnpaffing about the dalke at the lower end 
 ofthem, that they will almod hold water that falleth into them : from the middle of 
 the dalke to che toppe, it is garniflied with many coronets or rundles of flowers, with 
 two fuch greene leaues likewife at eucry ioynt, and wherein the flowers doe dand, 
 which are y ello w,lay d open like Aarres, and rifing out of fmali greenifh huskes, with 
 fome threds in the middle of them, but of nofentatall, yet dately to behold, both 
 for the order, height and proportion of the plant •. the feede is brown? and flat, con^ 
 tained in round heads, fomewhat like vntothe feede oh\\tFritiUirit, orcheckcrd 
 Daffodil!, but browner : the rootes are great,thicke and long, yellow,and exceeding 
 bitter. 
 
 i. Gentiim miitr foist '^ifclefliits. Swallow-wort Gentian. 
 
 Thiskindeof Gentian hath many Aalkes fifing from the roote, neerc two foote 
 high, whereon grow many faire pale greene leaues, fet by couples, with three ribs in 
 eueryone of them, and doe fomewhat rel’emble the leaues of Afclcpi.ts or Swallow, 
 wort, that is,broade at the bottome,and (harpeat the point : the flowers grow at the 
 feuerall ioynts of the Aalkes, from the middle vpwards,two or three together, which 
 are long an d hollow,like vnto'abell flower, ending in fiue corners, or pointed lpaues, 
 and folded before they are open, as the flowers of the Bindeweedes are, of a faire 
 blew colour, fometimes deeper, and fometimes palem the heads or feede veffels haue 
 two points or homes at the toppes, and containe within them flat grayifh feed, like vn- 
 to the former, but leife : the rootes hereof are nothing fo great as the former, butarc 
 yellow, fmali and long, of the bigneffe of a mans thumbe. 
 
 3 . Gentitm minor Cruciiti. CrofTe wort Gentian. 
 
 This fmali Gentian hath many branches lying vpon theground,fcarce lifting them- 
 felues vpright, andfullof ioynts, whereat grow vfually foureleaues, oneoppofite 
 vnto another, in manner of a Crofle, from whence it too.ke his name, in drape very like 
 vnto Sip omrii orSopewort,butlhorter,andof a darker greene colour: at the tops of 
 the- Aalkes dand many flowers, thick thrufting together, and likewifp at the next ioynr 
 vnderneath, eueryone of themdanding in adarke blewifli greene huske, andcon- 
 lidingof fiuefmallleaucs, the points or ends whereof only appeareaboue the huskes 
 wherein they dand, and are hardly to be feene, but that they are of a fine pale blew co- 
 lour, and that many grow together : the feed is fmali and brown, hard, and fomewhat • 
 
i 'Lilium Conuallium. Liriconfancjr or Lilly ComnMy. * Gentiana maior. The great Gentian. 3 GefttianrUa verna. Small Gentian 
 of the Spring. 4 GcntianrcrucUta. Croil'ewort Gentian, f Tneumonantbefeu Gentian* AHtutnnahiy Autumne Gentian. £ Sa- 
 f maria flere dnptici. Double flowred Sopcwort. 7 V lanugo Kofca. Rofc Platane. 
 
 Vl Gg 2 
 
 7 he (jar den of pie a( ant Flowers. 
 
c / be (jar den of plea [ant Flowers. 
 
 like vnto the feed ofthe Marian Violets, or Couentry belsitherootsarc fmall and whi- 
 tifh,difperfing themfelues diuerfly in the ground, of as bitter a rafte almoft as the reft. 
 
 4. GentianclU Verm. Small Gentian ef the Spring. 
 
 The fmall Gentian of the Spring hath diuers fmall hard greene leaues, lying vpon 
 the ground, as it were in heads or tufts, fomewhat broade below, and pointed at the 
 end, with fiue ribs or veines therein, as confpicuous as in the former Gentians, among 
 which rifeth vp a fmall (hort ftalke, with fome fmaller leaues thereon, at the toppe 
 whereof ftandeth one faire, large, hollow flower, made bell fafliion,with wide open 
 brimmes, ending in hue corners or diuifions, of the raoft excellent deepe blew colour 
 that can be feene in any flower, with fome white fpots in the bottomeonthe infide: 
 after the flower is pad, there appearc long and round pods, wherein arecontained 
 fmall blackifh feede : the rootes are fmall, long, pale yellow firings, which (hoot forth 
 here and there diuers heads of leaues,and thereby encreafe reafonable well, ifit finde 
 a fit place, and ground to grow, or clfe will not be nour fed vp, with all the care and di- 
 ligence can be vfed: the whole plant is bitter,but not fo ftrong as the former. 
 
 5. Gent Uni Autumnalis fine Pneumonantbe. 
 
 Calathian Violet or Autumne Gentian. 
 
 This Gentian that flowreth in Autumne, hath in fome places higher ftalkes then in 
 others, with many leaues thereon, fet by couples as in other Gentians, but long and 
 narrow, yet fhewing the three ribbes or veines that arc in each of them : the toppes of 
 the ftalkes are furnifhed cuery one with a flower or two, of an excellent blew purple 
 colour, ending in fiue corners, and (landing in long huskes : the rootes are fomewhat 
 great at the top, and fpreading into many fmall yellow firings, bitter as the reft are. 
 
 6. Saponaris flore duplici. Double flowredSopeworte. 
 
 Vntothefe kindes of Gentians,! muft needes adde thefe following plants, forthac 
 theformerisof fome neete refemblance in leafe with fome of the former. Andbe- 
 caufe the ordinary Sopeworte or Bruifewortc with Angle flowers is often planted in 
 Gardens, and the flowers ferue to decke both the garden andthehoufe; Imay vnder 
 the one deferibe them both : for this with double flowers isfarremorerare,and of 
 greater beautie. It hath many long an d {lender round ftalkes, fcarceabletofuflaine 
 themfelues, and (land vpright,being ful of ioy nts and ribbed leaues at them,euery one 
 fomewhat like a fmall Gentian or Plantane leafe : at the toppes of the ftalkes ftand 
 many flowers, confiding of two or three ro wes of leaues, of a whitifh or pale purple 
 colour, and of a ftrong fweet fent, fomewhat like the fmell of Iafmin flowers, (landing 
 in long and thicke pale greene huskes, which fall away without giuing any feede, as 
 mod other double flowers doe that encreafe by the roote, which fpreadeth vvithinthe 
 ground, and rifeth vp in fundry diftant places like the Angle. 
 
 7 Plant ago Roflea. Rofe Plantane. 
 
 This other plant is inallthingslikerntothe ordinary Plantane orRibworte, that 
 growet’nwildeabroade in many places, whofe leaues are very large : but in (lead of 
 the long (lender fpike, or eare that the ordinary hath, this hath eyther a thicke long 
 fpikeof fmall greene leaues vpon (hort ftalkes, orelfe a number of fuch fmallgreene 
 leaues layd round- wife like vnto a Rofe, and fometimes both thefe may bcfeenc vpoa 
 one and the fame roote, at one and the fame time, which abide a great while frefli vpoa 
 the roote, and fometimes alfo giueth feede, efpecially from the more long andflcndcr 
 fpikes. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 Some ofthefe Gentians grow on the toppes of hils,and fome outfit fidei 
 and foote of them in Germany and other Countreyes : fome of them alfo 
 vpon barren heaths in thofe places, as alfo in out 0 wne Countrey, efpedal- 
 
7 he (garden of pieaf ant Flatters. 253 
 
 ly the Autumne Gentian, and as it is reported, the Vernali likewife. The 
 Angle or ordinary Sopeworte is found wildeinmany places with vs, hut 
 the double came to vs from beyond the Sea, and is Icarce known or heard 
 ofinEngland. The RofePlantaine hath beenc long in England, butwhe- 
 ther naturali thereof or no, lam noc allured. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 They flower for the moft partin Inneandluly, but the finall Gentian of 
 the Spiing flowreth fomewhat earlier, and that of the Autumne in Au- 
 guft and September. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 Gentiana is thegenerallname giucn to the Gentians. We call them in En- 
 glifli Gentian, Fcllworte, Bitter wort, and Baldmoney. SaponariataVeth his 
 name from the fcouring qualitie it hath : Wee call it in Englifl) Sopeworr, 
 and in fome places Bruifewort. Some haue thought itrobec Struthtumoi 
 Diofcorides, orat leaft haue vfed it for the fame caufes, but therein they 
 are greatly decciued, as Matthiolus hath very well oblerued thereon, and 
 fo is Dodonams, that thought it to be Altjm a. The Rofc Plantaine isfo cal- 
 led of the double fpikes it carrieth. 
 
 The VertueS. 
 
 The wonderfull wholfomnelleof Gentian cannot beeeafily knowne to 
 vs, by reafon our daintie taltes refufe to take thereof, for the bitternefle 
 fake : but otherwife it would vndoubttdly worke admirable cures, both 
 for the liuer llomacke and lunges. It is alio a fpeciall counterpoifon againft 
 any infedlion, as alfoagainft the violence of a mad dogges tooth : wilde 
 Sopewott is vfed in many places, to fcoure the countrey womens treen, and 
 pewter veflels, and phyfically fome makegreat boaft to perforrae admira- 
 ble cures in Hydropicalldifeafes,becaufe it is diureticall, and in Luc V ent- 
 ria, when other Mercuriali medicines haue failed. The Rofe Plantaine no 
 doubt hath the fame qualities that the ordinary hath. 
 
 Chap. LXXXVI. 
 
 Campanula. Bell- flowers. 
 
 V Nder the title of Bell-flowers are to bee comprehended in this Chapter, not 
 only thofethatare ordinarily called Campanula, but Viola Maruua, and Trachin 
 UumaKo, whereof the one is called Coucntry, the other Canterbury Bells. 
 
 1. Campanula Ptrftci folio alia, vclcarulca . 
 
 Peach-leafed Bell-flowers white or blew. 
 
 The Peach-leafed Bell flower hath many tufts, or branches of leaues lying vpon the 
 ground, which are long and narrow, fomewhat like vntotheleafeof an Almond or 
 Peach tree, being finely nicked about the edges, and of a fad greene colour, from a- 
 mong which rife vp diuers ftalkes, two foote high or more, fet with leaues to the mid- 
 dle, and from thence vpwards, with many flowers Handing on feucrall fmall foote- 
 flaikes, one aboue another, with a fmall leafc at the foote of euery one : the flowers 
 ftand in fmall greene huskes, being fmall and round at the bottome,but wider open at 
 thebrimme, and ending in fiue corners, with a three forked clapper in the middle, fee 
 about with lome fmall threds tipt with yellow, which flowers in fome plants are pure 
 
 G g 3 white 
 
354 - he (jar den of pleafant Flowers. 
 
 white, and in others of a pale blew or watchet colour, hauing little or no fcnt at ail : 
 the feede is fmall, and contained in round flat heads, or feede veflels : the roote is very 
 fmall,white and threddy, creeping vnder the vpper cruft of the ground, fo that often- 
 times the heat and drought of the Summer wil goe near to parch and wither it vtterly : 
 it requireth therefore to be planted in forae (hadowie place. 
 
 2 . Campanula maior, fine Pyramidalis. 
 
 The great or fteeple Bell-flower. 
 
 This great Bell-flower hath diuers ftalkes, three foote high or better, whereon grow 
 diueisfmooth, datke, greeneleaues, bioade atthebottome, and fraall at the point 
 fetncwhat vneuenly notched aboutthe edges, and ftanding vpon longer footeftalkes 
 belowthen thofeaboue : the flowers areblew, and in fomc white, not fo great or 
 largeas the former, butneareof the fame fafliion, growing thicker and more plenti- 
 fully together, with (mailer leaues among them,bu(hing thicke below, and rifingfmal- 
 ler and thinner yp to the toppe, in fafliion of a Pyramis or fpeerc Steeple : the roote is 
 thickeand whitifli, yeelding more ftore of milke being broken (as thelcauesand (talks 
 alfodoe) then any other of the Bell-flowers, euery one whereof doe yeelde milke, 
 fomc more and fome lefle. 
 
 3 . Fitla Mariana fiore albide vel furfureo. 
 
 Coucntry Bels white or purple. 
 
 The leaues of Coucntry Bels are of apaleorfre(hgreenecolour,long,and narrow 
 next vnto the bottome,and broader from the middle to the end, and (omewhat round 
 pointed, a little hairy all ouer, and fnipt about the edges : the ftalkes rife vp the yeare 
 after the fo wing, being fomewhat hairy alfo, and branching forth from the roote, into 
 diuers parts, whereon (land diuers leaues, fmaller then the former, and of a darker 
 greene colour : at the end of euery branch (land the flowers, in greene huskes, from 
 whence come large, round, hollow Bels, fwelling out in the middle, and riling fome- 
 what aboue it, like the neckc of a pot, and then ending in fiuecorners, which are either 
 of a faire or f aint w hite, or of a pale blew pur plifli colour, and fometimes of a deeper 
 purple or violetrafter the flowers are pad, there rife vp great fquare, or cornered feede 
 veflels, wherein is contained in diuersdiuifions,fmalI,hard,ftiining,brownc, flat feeds: 
 the roote is white, and being young as in the firft yeares fowing, is tender, and often 
 eaten as other Ram pions are ; but the next yeare, when it runneth vp to feede, it grow- 
 cth hard, and perilheth : fo that it isto be continued by euery other yeares fowing. 
 
 4. Trachelium maim flere albe vel furfureo. 
 
 Great Canterbury Bels white or purple. 
 
 The greater Canterbury Bels, or Throateworte, hath many large rough leaues, 
 fomewhat like vnto Nettle leaues, being broad and round at the bottome,and pointed 
 at the end,notched or dented on theedges,and euery one ftanding on a long footftalk: 
 among thefe leaues rife vp diuers fquare rough ftalkes, diuided at the topne into diuers 
 branches, whereon grow the like leaues as grow below, but lefler * toward the ends of 
 the branches (land the flowers,mixed with iome longer leaues, euery one in hisfeuerall 
 huske, which are hollow, long and round, like a bell or cup, wide open at the mouth, 
 and cut at the brimme into fiuecorners, or diuifions, fomewhat lefler then the Co- 
 ventry Bels, inforneof apurewhite,andothersof afairedeepe purple violet colour, 
 and fometimes paler : after the flowers are pad, come fmaller and rounder heades 
 then inchc former, containing flat feede, butblackcr, and not fo redde as the laft : 
 the roote is hard and white, dilperfing it felfe into many branches vnder ground, 
 not periftiing eueryvcarc as the former (although it lofeth ail the ieaues in winter) but 
 abiding many yeares, and encreafing into diuers heades or knobs, from whence fpring 
 new leaues and branches,, 
 
 y . T rathe- 
 
The (garden of p leaf ant blowers. 
 
 ? 5 > 
 
 x Campanula perfi(ifol'ta.Peich leafed Bell-flower. % 'x rachctium mains /implex. Canterbury BcJs. * Tr 
 Canterbury Bel*. $ pioU Mariana. Contntry Bela. 4 Tracbeliu m Giganteum. Giants Thioate wort- 
 Throatcwovt. 6 Trashtlinm Amerktnum fine Catdtnahf plant*. The rich crimfon Cardinals flower. 
 
 ■JUM l ' ! '' 
 
 1 % 1 ■*■ 
 
 
 1 v ^§ 8 ^ 1 ® 
 
 /1 ffi K 9 
 
 
 
 
 « rv 
 
 f ' 2 , 
 
 
 
 
 lit, ' 
 
The (jar den of plea (ant Flowers. 
 
 
 y, Tracheitum mains {lerf duplici albo& c&ruleo. 
 
 Canterbury Bels with double flowers both white and blew. 
 
 Ofthiskinde of Throateworte or Canterbury Bels, there is another fort, not dif- 
 fering in any thing from the former, but in the doublcncfle of theflower : For there 
 is of both the kindes, one that beareth double white flowers, and the other blew : Of 
 each whereof I recciued plants from friends beyond the Sea, which grow well with 
 *ne. 
 
 6. Tracheitum Giganteum flare purpurante. 
 
 Pale purple Giants Throateworte. 
 
 This Bell-flower, although it hath a Gigantine name, yet did I neuerperceiueit in 
 my Garden, to rife vp h gher then the former, the epirhite beeing in my perfwafion, 
 only giuen for difference fake : the leaues whereof are not fo rough, but as large, and 
 dented about the edges, lomewhat larger pointed, and of a frdhergreene colour : the 
 ftalkes beare fuch like leaues on them, but more thinly or dii'pcrfedly fet, hauinga 
 fioweratthefettingonof eucryoneof the leaues, from themiddlevpwards, and are 
 fomewhat like the great Throateworte in forme, but of a pale or bicake reddiih pur- 
 plecoloor,turningthebrims or corners a little backwards, with a forked clapper in 
 the middle, fufficicnt eminent and yellow : the feede hereof is white, and plentiful! 
 in the heads, which will abide all the winter vpon the ftalkes, vntill all thefeede being 
 fhed, the heads remaining lccme like torne rags, or likethin pecces ofskin, eaten with 
 wormes : the roote is great,thickeand white, abiding long without perilhing. 
 
 ■Unaiit. There is another which differeth not any thing but inthe flower, which is white. 
 
 7 . Tracheitum minus flore albo & purpureo. 
 
 Small Throateworte or Canterbury Bells both whiteand purple.’ 
 
 The leffer Throateworte hath fmallcr leaues, nothing fo broadc or hard as the for- 
 mer great kinde, but long, and littleor nothing dented about the edges : the ftalkesare 
 fquareandbrowni(h,if it beare purple flowets, and greene if it beare white flowers, 
 which in forme are alike, and grow in a bu(h or tuft,thicke fet together, more then any 
 of the former, and fmaller alio, bejng not much bigger then the flowers of thefielde, 
 or garden Rarapions : the roote is lafting,andfhooteth afrdheucry yeare. 
 
 8 . Tracheitum Americarum flore ruberrimo, flue Planta Cardinate. 
 
 The rich crimfon Cardinals flower. 
 
 This brauc plant, from a white roote fpreading diuers wayes vndcr ground, fendeth 
 forth many greene leaues, fpread round about the head thereof, each w hereof is fome- 
 what broade and long, and pointed at the end, finely alfo fniptabout the edges : from 
 the middle whereof arifethvp around hollow ftalke,twofoorebighat the leaft.befet 
 with diuers fuch leaues as grow below, but longer below then a'ooue, and branching 
 out at the toppe aboundantly, euery branch bearing diuers greene leaues on them, and 
 one at the foote of euery of them alfo, the toppes whereof doe end in a great large 
 tuft of flowers, with a finall greene leafe at the foory of theftalkeof euery flower, 
 each footeftalke being about an inch long, bearing a round greene huske, diuided into 
 fiue long leaues or points turned downwards,and in themidft ofeuery of them a molt 
 rich crimfou coloured flower, ending in fiue long narrow leaues, ftanding all of them 
 foreright, but three of them falling downe, with a long vmbone fet as it were at the 
 backe of them, bigger below, and fmaller aboue, and at the toppe a fmall head, being 
 of a little paler colour then theflower, but of no fent or fmell at all, commendable on- 
 ly for the great bu(h of fo orient red crimfon flowers : after the flowers are paft, the 
 leede commeth in fmall heads, clofed within thofe greene husks that held the flowers, 
 which is very like vnto the feede vefifels of the f'iola Mariana, or Couentry Bels, and 
 is fmall and bro wnilh. 
 
 The 
 
T be (jar den of plea) ant timers 
 
 vn 
 
 The Place. 
 
 All thefe Bell-flowers do grow in our Gardens, where they are cheriflied 
 for the beautieof their flowers. The Couentry Bels doe not grow Wilde in 
 any of the parts about Couentry, as I am credibly informed by a faithfull 
 Apothecary dwelling there, called Mafler Brian Ball, but are nourfed in 
 Gardens with them, as they are in other places.The laftgroweth neerethe 
 riuer of Canada, where the French plantation in America is feated. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 They flower fro m May vntill the end of Iu!y or Auguft, and in the mean 
 time the feed is ripe : But the Peache leafed Bell- flowers, for the mod parr, 
 flower earlier then the other. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 The firft is generally called Campanula PeryW/i//i,m Englifli Peach-leafed 
 Bell-flower. The fecond is called Campanula maior, Campanula lacltjccns Pj~ 
 ramidala,3X\d Pyramidalis LutttUna of Lobcl, in Englifli, Great or Steeple 
 Bell-flower. The third is vfually called TiolaMariana, and of fom tftoU 
 Marina. Lobel putteth a doubt whether it be not Medium of Diofcorides, 
 asMatthiolus and others doe thinke ; but in my opinion the thickneffe of 
 the roote, as the text hath it, contradi&erh all the reft. We call it generally 
 in Englifli Couentry Bels. Some call it Marian, and fome Mercuries Violets. 
 The fourth and fifeare called Trachelium otCeruicaria, of Come f'vu/aria, 
 becaufemany haue vfed it to good purpofe, for the paines of the Ttmla, or 
 Throate : Yet there is another plant, called alfo by fom zTvularia, which 
 is Hipptgltjfum , Horfe tongue, or Double tongue. The fixt hath his title to 
 defeipher it out fuffidently, as is declared. The feuenth is called Tracheitum 
 minus, and Ctruiaria minor, of fome Saponaria alter a ; in Englifli, Small 
 Throateworre, or Small Canterbury Bels. The laft hath his name in the ti- 
 tle, as it is called in France, from whence I receiued plants for my Garden 
 withthe Latine name : but I haue giuen it in Englifli. 
 
 The Vertues. 
 
 The Peach-Bels as well as the others may fafely bee vfed in gargles and 
 lotions forthemouth, throate, or other parts, asoccafion ferueth. The 
 rootes of many of them, while they areyoung, are often eaten in fallcts 
 by diuers beyond the Seas. 
 
 Chap. LXXXVII. 
 
 Campana Carulca fwt Convolvulus Caruleut. 
 
 Blew Bell flowers,or blew Bindeweede. 
 
 T Here are two other kindes of Bell-flowers, much differing from the Tribe 
 or Familic of the former, becaufe of their climbing or winding qualitie, 
 which I muft needes place «ext them, for the likeneffeof the flowers, al- 
 though otherwife they might haue beene placed with the other clamberers that 
 follow. Of thefe there is a greater, and a lefler, and of each likewifefoinc difference, 
 sis fhall be declared. 
 
 x .Cor*. 
 
w 
 
 
 ‘1 he garden of pleajant ("lowers. 
 
 1 . Convolvulus caruleus maior rotundifolius. 
 
 The greater blew Bindweede,or Bell-flower with round lcaues. 
 
 This goodly plant rifeth vp with many long and winding branches, whereby it 
 climbethand windcthvpon any poles, herbes, or trees, that ftand neare it within a 
 greatcompa(Te,alwaieswindingitfelfecontrarytothecourfeof the Sunne: on thefe 
 branches doe growe many faire great round leaues, and pointed at the end, like vnto a 
 Violet leafe in fhape, but much greater, ofafadgreene colour : at the ioynts of the- 
 branches,wherctheleaucsarefer,comcforthflowerson pretty long ftalkes, two'or 
 three together at a place, which arc long, and pointed almoft like a finger , while thtjf 
 are buds, and not blowne open, and of a pale whitifh blew colour, but being blowfib 
 open, are great and large bcls , with broad open mouths or brims ending in fiue cor- 
 ners, andfmallat the bottorae, ftanding in fmall greenc huskes of fine leaues : thefe 
 flowers are of a very deepe azure or blew colour, tending to a purple, very glorious to 
 behold, opening for the mod part in the euening, abiding fo all the night and the next 
 morning, vntill the Sunne begin to growe fomewhat hot vpon them, and then doe 
 clofe, neuer opening more ; the plant carrieth fo many flowers , if it ftand in a warrae 
 place, that it will be repleniflicd plentifully , vntill the cold ayres and eueningsftay 
 the luxury thereof: after the flowers are paft, the ftalkes whereon the flowers did 
 ftand, bend down wards, and beare within the huskes three or foure biacke feedes , of 
 the bignefle of a Tare or thereabouts : the rootesareftringy, and perilheuery yeare. 
 
 I. Convolvulus trifslius fine hederaceus purpurent. 
 
 Thegreater purple Bindeweede.or Bell-flower with cornered leaues. 
 
 The growing and forme of this Bindeweede or Bell-flower, is all one with the for- 
 mer, the chiefeft differences confifting in the forme of the leafe, which in this is three 
 cornered, like Vnto an Iuic leafe with corners ; and in the flower, which is of a deeper 
 blew, tending more to a deepe purple Violet , and fomewhat more reddifh in the fiue 
 plaites of each flower, as alfo in the bottomes of the flowers. 
 
 3 . Convolvulus tenuifolius Americanus. The red Bell-flower of America. 
 
 Although this rare plant (becaufe wee feidome haue it , and can as hardly kcepe it) 
 be fcaree knowne in thefe cold Countries, yet I could not but make mention of it , to 
 incite thofethathaueconueniencietokeepeitjtobefurnifhed of it. It fpringeth vp 
 at the firft from the feede with two lcaues, with two long forked ends, which abide a 
 long time before they perifh, betweene which rifeth vp theftalkcor ftemme, bran- 
 ching forth diuers waies, being ofabrownifli colour, which windcrh it felfe asthe 
 former great Bell- flower doth, whereon are fetat feuerall ioynts diuers winged leaues, 
 that is to fay, many fmall narrow and long leaues fet on both fides of the middle ribbe, 
 and one at the end : from thefe ioynts arife long ftalkes, at the ends whereof ftand two 
 or three fmall, long, hollow flowers, fafliioned very like vnto the flowers of a Binde- 
 weede, or the flowers of Tabacco, and ending in the like mannerin fiue points, but 
 not fo much laide open, being of a bright red colour, plaited as the Btndeweedes or 
 Bell- flowers before they be open, with fomc few threads in themiddlc, which turne 
 inro long pointed cods , wherein is contained long and biacke feede , rafting hot like 
 Pepper: the roote is fmall andftringy, perifning eucry yeare, and with vs will fcl- 
 dome come to flower, becaufe our cold nights and frofts come fo foonc,bcfore it can- 
 not haue comfort enough of the Sun to ripen it. 
 
 that followeth , and not fo broad as the common fmall Bindeweede (that giiowcth 
 
 This fmall Bindeweede hath fmall long lcaues, fomewhat broader then the next 
 
 4. Convolvulus caruleus minor Hifpanicus. 
 The Spanifb fmall blew Bindeweede. 
 
 euery 
 
The Ljarden of- plea/ant Hewers, 355 » 
 
 euery where wilde on the bankes of fields abroad) fet vpon the fmalltrayling bran- 
 ches, which grqwe aboqetwoor three foote high : from the middle of thefe bran- 
 ches, and lb vnto the toppes pf them, come forth the flowers at the ioynts with the 
 leaues, folded together at the firft into fiue plaites, which open into fo many corners, 
 of a mold excellent faire skie coloured blew (fo pleafant to behold , that often it arm- 
 zeth the fpedfator) with white bottomes, andyellowifhin the middle, which turne 
 into fmall round whiteheads, wherein are contained fmall blackiih cornered feede, 
 fomewhat like the former, but fmaller : the roote is fmall and threddy, perilhing as 
 the former euery yeare: this neuer windethit felfc about any thing, but leanethby 
 reafonoftheweaknefle of the branches, and dyeth eueryyeare after feedetime, and 
 
 nottobefowne againe vntill the next Spring. 
 
 5 .Convolvulus purpureus Spieefilius. Lauander leafed Bindeweede. 
 
 This fmall purple Bindeweede, where it naturally groweth, is rather a plague then 
 a plcafure , towhatfoeucr groweth with it in the fields; yet the beauty of the flower 
 hath caufed it to be receiued into Gardens, bearing longer and fmaller leaues then the 
 laft, and fuch like fmall Bell-flowers, but of a fad purple colour : the roote is liuing; 
 as the common kinds are,and fpringeth againe where it hath been once fowne, with- 
 out fearc of perilhing. 
 
 ThePiace. 
 
 The firft t wo greater kindes haue beene fent vs our of Italy, but whether 
 they had them from the Eaft Indies, orfromfomeof the EafterneCoun- 
 tries on this fide , wee know not .-but they thriue reafonable well in our 
 Country, if the yeare be any thing kindly. Thenextcameoutof America, 
 as his name teftifieth. The lefler blew kinde groweth naturally in many 
 places both of Spaine and Portugall (from whence I firft receiued feedcs 
 from Guillaume Boel, heretofore remembred.) The laft groweth wilde in 
 the fields, about Dunmowc in ElFex, and in many other places of our 
 ewne Countrey likewife. * 
 
 The Time. 
 
 The three firft greater kindes flower not vntill the end of Anguft, or 
 thereabouts, and the feede ripeneth in September , lfthe colds and frofts 
 come not on too fpeedily . The lefler kindes flower in Iune and Iuly. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 The firft iscalledoffomeCaWjPajMTasar^astheltaliansdoe call it, or 
 Campana cerulea, of others Convolvulus ceruleus maior, fine Indicm, and Flos 
 utttis. Offome Nil Auicenne. The fecond is called Convolvulus trifilius, 
 os hederaceus, for the diftindtion of the leaues. In Englilh wee call them ey- 
 ther Great blew Bell flowers , or more vfually, Great blew Bindeweedes. 
 That of America is diuerfly called by diuers. It is called guamocltt of the 
 Indians, and by that name it was fent to Ioachinus Camerarius out of Italy, 
 where it is fo called ftill, as Fabius Columna fetteth itdowne, and as my 
 felfe alfo can witnefle it, from thence being fo fent vnto mee : but Andraeas 
 Cocfalpinus calleth it, Ufminum folio Millefolij , fuppofing it to be a Iafmine. 
 Camerarius faith , it may not vnfitly be called Convolvulus tersuifilius , ac- 
 counting it a kinde of Bindeweede. Columna entituleth it Convolvulus pen- 
 natus exoticus rarior , and faith it cannot bee referred to any other kinde of 
 plant then to the BindcWeedes. Heethat publifhed the Curs ptfieriores of 
 Clufius, giueth it the name of lafmtnum Americanum , which I would doe 
 alfo, if I thought it might belong to that Family ; but feeing the face and 
 forme of the plant better agreeing with the Bindeweedes or Bell-flowers, 
 
 I haue 
 
i6o The Cjar den of plea! ant Flowers. 
 
 ihaue(asyoufee)inlertedicamongthem , and giueri it that name may bee 
 ffloft fit for it, efpecially becaufe it is but an annuali plant. The letter kindes 
 haue their names fuificiently exprefled in their titles. 
 
 The Vcrtues. 
 
 We know of no vfe thefe haue in Phyfickc With vs , although if thefirft 
 be Nil of Auicen, both he and Serapio fay it purgeth ftrofigly. 
 
 Chap. LXXXVUI. 
 
 Stramentum. Thorne- Apple* 
 
 V Nto the Bell-flowers, I mull adioyne three other plants , in the three feuerall 
 Chapters following, for fome affinity of the flowers : and firft of thcThorne- 
 Applcs, whereof there are two efpeciall kindes , that is, a greater and a letter, 
 and of each fome diuerlity, as Ihall be fet downe. 
 
 i. Stramentum maim album. The great white flowred Thorne- Apple. 
 
 The greaterThorne- Apple hath a great, ftrong, round greene ftalke, as high as any 
 man, if it be planted in good ground, and of the bignefle of a mans wreft almoft at the 
 bottome, fpreading out at the toppe into many branches, whereon (land many very 
 large and broad darkc greene leaues, cut in very deeply on the edges, and hauing ma- 
 nic points orcorners therein : the flowers come forth at the ioynts, betweenetwo 
 branches towards the toppe of them.being very large, long, and wide open , ending 
 in fiue points or corners, longer and larger then any other Bell-flowers whatfoeuer: 
 after the flowers are pad, come the fruit, which arc thorny long heads, more prickly 
 and greene then the lelfer kindes, whiclUjeing ripe openeth it felfe into three or fourc 
 parts , hauing a number of flat blackilhTecde within them : the rootc is aboundant in 
 fibres, whereby it ftrongly taketh hold in the ground, but perilheth with thefirft 
 « frofts j yet the feede that is Ihcd when the fruit is ripe, commeth vp the next ycarc. 
 
 i . Stramentum maius furfureum. 
 
 Thegrcat purple flowred Thorne- Apple. 
 
 This purple Thorne- A pple is in largenefle of leaues, thickneflcand height of ftalke, 
 greatoefle and forms of flowers and fruit, euery way equall and cowefpondent vnto 
 the former, the chiefc differences be thefe: the ftalke isofadarke purple colour ; the 
 leaues arc of a darker greene,fomewhat purplilh , and the flowers are of light purple 
 or pale Doue colour, cnclining to white, and whiter at the bottome. 
 
 3 . Stramonium minus feu Nux Met el flore albo. 
 
 The fmaller Thorne- Apple with a white flower. 
 
 The fmaller Thorne- Apple rifeth vp with one round ftalke, of the bigndTe of a 
 mans fingcr,and ncuer much aboue two foote high with vs, bearing a few large, broad, 
 fmooth leaues thereon, withoutany branches at all, which are vneuenly rent or tornc 
 about the edges, with many ribs, and fmaller veines running through them, yet lefTer 
 by much then the greater lande: at the ioynts where the leaues ftand, come forth 
 long and large white flowers, with broad or wide open brims, folded together before 
 their opening, as the other former Bell-flowers or Bindeweedes, but hauing their fiue 
 corners more pointed or horned then either they, or the former Thorne- Apples : af- 
 ter the flowers are paft,fuccccd fmall fruit, rounder and harder, fet with harder , but 
 blunt prickes then the former, wherein is contained brownilh yellow flat feede, 
 
 flicking 
 
The Cj Arden of bieafant Fiwvers, 
 
 r OmWii m4itr tAruIfiu.The ®reater Mew Bindweed at Bell-flower 1 Thereat purple Eindeweed. l e.nflvtm 
 
 Hi/.aWrw.TheSpaaifhfaallbl-w B,ndw«4. 4 Sn.mnhmmnm t„ Thc E reat ruorne App.c. J D 
 
 u-.m.x.rhrlmall Thome. Apple. 6 i w*„„ fl„‘ 41»liri.Thea<nible8owred Thorne. Apple. 7 OouMeTSorne. 
 
 I&ppl* one out of another $ Ttitca [atifehtun. Bro*41?*ff<l Tabacco. ? JUu*U$lt*?*niM*. Th* Meruaijcot t^cworid. 
 
 aBaCr3f>q«n»ff 5-jpj; i ' iTnlmrH’t 
 
■\6x 
 
 Flare duplici. 
 
 c Tbe(jardertof plea) ant Flowers. 
 
 flicking to the inward pulpe : the roote is not very great, but full of firings , and 
 quickly perilheth with the firftfrofts. 
 
 a,. Stramonium minus fort geminato purpurante. 
 
 The fmall double flowred purple Thorne- Apple. 
 
 In the flower of this plant, confifteth the chiefeft difference from the former,which 
 is as large as the laft , pointed into more homes or corners, and beareth two flowers, 
 (landing in one huske, one ofehemrifing out from the middle of the other, likevnto 
 thofc kindes of Cowflips and Oxelips, called double, or Hofe in hofe , before deferi- 
 bed, which are of a pale purplifh colour on the outfide, and almoft white within : the 
 fruit is round like the laft , and beareth fuch like feede , fo that vntill it bee in flower, 
 their difference can hardly bee difeerned : this is more tender then the laft , although 
 euen it is fo tender, that it feldome beareth ripe feede with vs. 
 
 Sometimes (for I think it is not another kind) the flower will haue as it were double 
 rowes of leaues, clofe fet together, and not confiding of two, rifing fo diftindtly one 
 about another. 
 
 ThePlace. 
 
 All thefe kindes haue been brought or fent vs out of Turkie and Egypt; 
 but Garcias, and Chriftopherus Acofta,with others, affirme that they grow 
 intheEaft Indies. The Idler kindes are very rare with vs, bccaufe they fel- 
 dome come to maturity 5 and therefore we are ftill to feeke of newfeedeto 
 fowe. The greater kindes are plentifull enough in our Gardens , and will 
 well abide, and giue ripe fruit. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 The fmaller kindes flower later then the greater - and therefore their 
 fruit are the fooher fpoiled with the cold ayres, dewes, andfrofts, that 
 come at the latter end ofthe yeare : but the greater kinds neuer mille lightly 
 to ripen. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 Both the greater and fmaller kindes are generally called Stramonium , 
 Stramonia , Pomum fpinofum , and Datura. Bauhinus vpon Matthiolus his 
 ComentariesonDiofcorides,callethit Solanum fetidum fpinofum. Some 
 learned men haue referred it to Nux Metel, of the Arabian Authors. Wee 
 call them generally in Englilh, Thorne-Applcs, and diftinguifh them by 
 theirtitles of greater and leffer, fingle and double. 
 
 ThcVertucs. 
 
 The Eaftlndianlafciuious women performe ftrange adts with thefeed(of 
 the fmaller kinde, aslfuppofe, or it maybe of either) giuing it their huf- 
 bands to drinke. The whole plant, but efpecially the feed, is of a very cold 
 and foporiferous quality procuring fleep and diftradtion offenfes. A few 
 of the feeds fteeped and giuen in drinke, will caufc them that take it to feem 
 ftarkedrunkeordeaddrunke, which fit will withinafew houres wearea- 
 way, and they recouer their fenfes againe , as a drunken man ray fed after 
 fleep from his wine. It may therefore (in my opinion) be of fafe and good 
 vfe to one,that is to haue a legge or an arme cut off,orto be cut for the ftonc, 
 orfomeother fuch like cure to be performed, to take away the fenfe of paine 
 for the time of doing it ; otherwif 1 1 hold it not fit to be vfed without great 
 caution. But the greene lea uesof the greater kindes (as alfo ofthe leffer, but 
 that with vs they are not fo plentifull) are by tryed experience, found to be 
 excellent good for any fealded or burned part , as alfo co take away any hoc 
 inflammations, being made vp into a falue or ointment with fuet,waxe,and 
 joflin,&c. or with Axungia, that is. Hogs larde. 
 
 r 
 
The (garden of pf enfant FioVter s . 
 
 
 Chap. LXXXIX. 
 Tdbacce. Indian Henbane, or T ab.icco. 
 
 T Here hath beenc formerly but three kindes of Tabaccoknowne vntovs, two 
 of them called Indian, and the third Englifli Tabacco. In thefe later yearcs,we 
 haue had in our gardens about London(before the fupprefling of the planting) 
 three or foure other forts at the leaft, and all of the Indian kinde, hauing fume efpeci- 
 all difference, eythet in Ieafe, or flower, or both : And in regard the flowers of fome 
 of thefe carry a pretty (hew, 1 Hull only entreateofthem,and not of the Englifh kinds 
 
 TtbicceUtifolium. Broade leafed Tabacco. 
 
 The ^rcat Indian Tabacco hath many Very large, long, thicke, fat and faire greene 
 leaues, “landing foreright for the moil part, and compafTing the ftalkes at the bottome 
 of them, being fomewhat pointed at the end : the ftalke isgrcenc and round, fixe or 
 feuenfootchighatfometimes, and in fome places, in others not pad three or foure 
 foote high, diuided Towards the toppeinto many branches, with leaues at eucry ioynr, 
 and atthetoppesof the branches many flowers, thebottomes hereof are long and 
 hollow, and the toppes plaited or folded before theyarcopen, butbeingopen, are 
 diuided’ fometimes into foure, or more vfually into fiue corners, fomewhat like vnto 
 other of the Bell-floWers, but lying a little flatter open, of a light carnation colour. 
 The feede is very fmall and browne, contained in round heads, that are clammy while 
 they are greene, and pointed at the end : the roote is great, whitifli, and woody at the 
 head, difperfing many long branches, and fmall fibres vnder the ground whereby it is 
 ftrongly fattened, but perilheth with our violent frofts in the winter, if it be left abroad 
 in the garden, but if it be houfed, or fafely prouided foragainft the frolics, therootes 
 will liuc.andfpringafrefli the next yeare. 
 
 There is of this kinde another fort,whofe leaues are as largeand long as the former, 
 but thicker, and of a more dead greene colour, hanging downe to the ground-ward, 
 
 and fcarcc any (landing forth-right,as the former, Vnieffe they bee very young : the 
 
 flowers of this kinde are aimoft whole, without any great (hew of cornersat the brims 
 or edges, in all otherthings there is no difference. . „ u , 
 
 Thereisanother, whofc largeand thicke flat leaues doc compafle the ftalke atthe 
 bottome, and are as it were folded together one fide vnto another: the flowers are ofa 
 deeper blu(h,or carnation colour, and with longer points and corners then inanjrof 
 the former-, andinthefetwothingseonfifteththedifferencefromtheothers, and is 
 
 called Verines Tabacco. , , „ „ , , r , „ c 
 
 Another hath his leaues not fo large and long as the firft, and thefe haue fhort foote- 
 fialkes, whereon they (land, and doe not compafle the ftalke as the other doe : the 
 flower hereof is like the firft, but fmaller, and of a little paler colour. 
 
 Tibucco Angufiifilittm. Narrow leafed Tabacco. 
 
 This kinde of Tabacco hath fomewhat lower, and fmaller ftalkes, then any of the 
 former : the leaues hereof are fmaller and narrower, and not altogether fo thicke, 
 but more pointed, and eucry one (landing vpon a footftalke, an inch and a halfe long 
 atthe leaft : the flowers hereof (land thicker together, vpon the fmall branches, fome- 
 what larger, of a deeper blufli colour, and more eminent corners then in any the for- 
 mer : the feed and roots arealike, and perifti in like manner, vnlcfte it be brought into 
 a cellar, or other fuch couert,to defend it from the extremitic of the W inter. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 America or the Weft Indies is theplace whereall thefe kindes doe grow 
 naturally, fome in one place, and fome in another, as in Peru, Trinidado, 
 Hh a Hifpam- 
 
The (jar den «/ pie a f ant blowers. 
 
 Hifpaniola,and almoft in eucry Hand and Countrcy of the continent there- 
 of: with vs they arc cherifhed in gardens, as well for the medicinable qua- 
 lities. as for the beauty of the flowers. 
 
 TheTime. 
 
 It flowreth in Auguft, fcldome before, and the feedeis ripe quickly after. 
 If it once fowe it felfe in a Garden, it will giue next year after young plants: 
 but for the mod part they will fpring vp late, and therefore they that would 
 hauethem more early, haue foweu the feede vpon a bed of dung, and 
 tranfplanted them afterwards. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 This plant hath gotten many names. Thelndians call it in fome places 
 Petum, in others Ptciclt, and Perebeeenuc, as Ouiedus and others doe relate. 
 The Spaniards in the Indies firft called it Ttbacce, of an Hand where plenty 
 of it grew. It hath in Chriflendomereceiueddiuers other names, as Nico- 
 tian*, of oncNicot a French man, who feeing it in Portugall, fent it to the 
 French Queene, from whom it rcceiued the name of Herb* Regina. Lobel 
 calleth it Sunn* berb* , & SanafanB* Indorum. Some haue adiudged it to be 
 an Hiofcyamus, and therefore callit Peruvianas. The moft vfuali name wher- 
 by we call it in Englilh, is T abacco. 
 
 ThcVertues. 
 
 The herbe is, Out of queftion, an excellent helpe and remedy for diuers 
 difeafes, if it were rightly ordered and applyed, but the continual] abufc 
 thereof info many,doth almoft abolifh all good vfein any. Notwithftan- 
 ding if men would apply their wits to the finding out of the vertues, I make 
 no doubt but many ftrange cures would bee performed by it, both inward 
 and outward.For outward application, a Salue made hereof (as is before re- 
 cited of the Thorne apple leaues) cureth vlcers, and wounds of hard «na- 
 tion : And for inward helpes, a Syrupe made oftheiuiceand fugar,or ho- 
 ney, procurcth a gentle vomit (butthedryedleafeinfufedinwinemuch 
 more) and is effedtuall in aftmaticall difeafes, if it bee carefully giuen. And 
 likewifecleanfeth cankers and fiftulaes admirably, as hath beene found by 
 late experience. The afhes of Tabacco is often vied, and .with good fuc- 
 cefte, for cuts in the hands, or other places, and for other final 1 greene 
 wounds. 
 
 ’ Chap. XC. 
 
 Mirabili* Peruviana. The Mcruailc of Peru. 
 
 T His plant yeeldeth in our Gardens fiue or fixe fcuerall varieties of beautifull 
 flowers, as pure white, pure yellow, pure red, white and red fpotted, and red 
 and yellow fpotted. But befides thefe, I haue had fome other forts, among 
 which was one, of a pale purple or peach colour : all which, camming vntomee out 
 of Spaine with many other, feedesinanvnkindlyyeare(an early winter following-» 
 cold fummer) perilhed w.ith mee ; yet i plainely might difeerne by their leaues, and 
 manner of growing, to be diuers from them that we now haue and keepe. I fhall need 
 therefore (becaufe thechiefeft difference confifteth almoft in the flowers) to giue only 
 one defeription of the plant, and therein fhew the varieties as is before declared. 
 
 Admirabilis. The Meruaileof the World. 
 
 The ftalke of this mcruellous plant is groat and thick,biggcr then any mans rhumbe, 
 
 bunched 
 
7 be (garden of pleajmt t lowers. 
 
 
 hundred out or fwelling at eueryioynt, in fome the ftalkes will bee of a faire greenc 
 colour, and thofe will bring white, or white and red flowers : in others they will bee 
 reddiflr, and more at the ioynts, and thofe giuc red flowers 5 andinfomcof a darker 
 greene colour, which giue ydldW flowers ; the ftalkes and ioynts of thofe th it will 
 giue red and yellow flowers, fpotced, are fomew hat brownilh, blit not lo red as thofe 
 tjiat giuc wholly red flowers : vponthefe ftalkes that fpread into many branches, doe 
 grow at the ioynts vpon feuerall footeftalkes, faire greenc leaues, broad attheftalke, 
 and poinredattheend : at the ioynts likewife toward the vpper p.trtof.thebranchesj 
 atthefooteof theleaues, come forth feucrall flowers vponfliort footeftalkes,euery 
 one being ftnall, long and hollow from the botrometo the brimme, which is broade 
 fpread open, and round, and confift but of one leafe without diuifion, like vnto a Belt 
 flower,, but not cornered at all : which flowers, aslfaid, are of diuers colours, and" 
 tliuerlly marked and fpotted, forne being wholly white, without any fpot in them for 
 themoftparr, throughall the flowers of the plant • folikewife fome being yellow, 
 and fome wholly red ; fome plants againe being mixed and fported/o variably either 
 white and red ,or purplc,( except here and there fome may chance to be wholly white, 
 or red or purple among thereft) or red and yellow through the whole plant, (except 
 as before fome may chance in this kind? to be eyther wholly red, or wholly yeilow) 
 that you fiiall hardly finde two or three flowers inahundred, that will bee alike 
 (potted and marked, without iome diuerfitie, and fo likewife cilery day, as long asthey 
 Blow, which is vntill the winters, or rather autumnes cold blades do ftay their willing 
 pronenefle to flower : And I haue often alfo obferued, thatonefideof a plant will 
 giue fairer varieties then another, which is mod commonly the Eafterne, as the more 
 temperate and flndowie fide. All thefe flowers doc open for the moft parr, in the 
 euening,orinthenighrtime, and fo (land blowne open, vntill the next mornings fun 
 beginne to grow warme vpon them, which then clofe themfelucs together, all the 
 brims of the flowers fhrinking into the middleof the long neckc, much like vnto the 
 blew Bindeweede, which in a manner doth fo clofe vp at the funnes warme heate : or 
 clfeif the day be temperate andmildc , without any funne finning vpon them, the 
 flowers will not clofe vp for the moft part of that day, or vntill toward night : after 
 the flowers are pad, come feucrall feedes, that is, but one at a place as the flowers flood 
 before, of the bignefte(fometimesJof fmall peafe,but not fo round, (landing within the 
 greenc hoskes, wherein the fl wets flood before, being a little flat at the toppe, like a 
 crowne or head, and round where it is fattened in the cup, of ablacke colour what ic 
 is ripe, butelfegreeneall the while it grovvethon thcftalke, and being ripe is foone 
 (haken downe with the wind, or any other light (hiking : the rooreis long and round, 
 greater at the head, and fm aller downwards to the end, like vnto a Reddiflj/preading 
 into two or three, or more branches, blackifh on the ouefide and whitifli within. 
 Thefe rootes I haue often preferued by art a winter, two or three (for they will perifh 
 if they be left out in the garden, vnleffe it be vnder a houfc fide) becaufe many times, 
 t he y care not falling out kindely , the plants giue not ripe feede, and fo we fhould be to 
 feekebothof feede to fo w, and of rootes to fet, if this or the like art to keep them, 
 were not vfed; which is in this manner: Within a while after the firtlfrorts haue ta- 
 ken the plants, that the leaues wither and fall, digge vp the rootes whole, and lay them 
 inadry placcforthtee or fouredayes, that thefupetfluotts moyftuieontheoutfide, 
 may be fpent and dryed, which done, wrap them vp feuerally in two or threebrowne 
 papers, and lay them by in a boxe,chc(l or tub, in fome conuenient place of the houfe 
 all the winter time, where no winde or moift ayre may come vnto them ; ind thus you 
 fhall haue thefe rootes to fpring a frefh the next yearc, if you plant them in the begin- 
 ning of March,as l haue diffidently tryed. But fome haue tryed to put them vp into 
 a barrell or firkin of fand,orafhcs,which is alfo good if thefand and afhes be thorough 
 dry, but if it bee any thing moift, or if they giue againe in the winter, as it is vfuall, 
 they haue found the moifture of the rootes, or of thefand, or both, to putrefiethe 
 rootes, that they haue becne nothing worth, when they haue taken them forth. Take 
 this note alfo for the fowing of your feede, that if you would haue variable flowers, 
 and not all of one colour, you muft choofc out fuch flowers as be variable while they 
 grow, that you may haue the feedeof them : for if the flowers bee of oneentireco- 
 lour, you fhall haue for the moft part from thofe feedes, plants that will bring flowers 
 all of that colour, whether it be white, red or yellow. 
 
 Hh 3 The 
 
T be (jar den of pUaJant flowers. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 Thefe plants grow naturally inthc Weftlndies, where there is a perpe- 
 tuali fummer, or at the lead no cold frofty winters, from whencethefecde 
 hath been fent into thefe parts of Europe, and are difperfed into euery 
 garden almoft of note. 
 
 ThcTirae. 
 
 Thefe plants flower from the end of Iuly fometimes, or Auguft, vatil] 
 the frofts,and cold ayres of the euenings in O&ober, pull them down, and 
 in the meane time the feed is ripe. 
 
 TheNames. 
 
 Wee haue not receiued thefeedesof this plant vnder any other name, 
 then Mir Mi* Peruri* n*, or Admit *btltspl*nt*. In English wee call them, 
 Themeruaile of Peru, or the meruaileof the world : yet fome Authors 
 haue called it Gelfemimtm, or I*J, minim rubrum. O' I*die(m : aodBauhiuus 
 StUmtm Mrxicctmtm fi*re mtgm. 
 
 TheVertues. 
 
 We haue not lenowae any vfe hereof in Phy ficke. 
 
 Chat. X C I. 
 
 M*U*. Mallowcs. 
 
 O Pthe lindredof Mallowcs there are a great number, fome of thegardens, o- 
 . hers wilde, fome with Angle flowers, others with double, fome with whole 
 leaucs, others with cut or diuided : to entreate of them all is not ray purpofc, 
 nor the fcope of this worke, butonelyof fuchwhofeflowers,hauingbeautieandre- 
 fpnft, are fit to furnilh this garden, as ornaments thereunto. And fitftof thofcfingle 
 kindes, whofe flowerscome neereft vnto the fafliion of the former Bell-flowers, and 
 after to the double ones, which for their braucry, are entertained euery whete into c- 
 ucry Countrcy womans garden. 
 
 I . M*l iu Hifptmca flore cornet tmplt. 
 
 The Spaniih blulli Mallow. 
 
 The Spanilh Mallow is in forme and manner of growing, very like vnto our com- 
 mon fielde Mallow, hauing vpright ftalkes two or three foote high,fpread into diuers 
 branches, andfrorathebottometothetoppe, befet with round lcaues, like vnto our 
 Mallowes, butfomewhatfmaller, rounder, and leflediuidcd, yet larger below then 
 abouc : the flowers arc plentifully growing vpon the fmall branches, folding or wri- 
 thingtheir leaucs one about another before they becblowne, and being open confift 
 of fiuc leaucs, with a long forked clapper therein,of the fame colour with the flower : 
 the chiefeft difference from the common confifteth in this, thattheleauesof thefe 
 flowers are longer, and more wide open at the brirames (almoft like a Bell- flower) 
 and of a faire blufh or light carnation colour, doling at night, and opening all the 
 day : after the flowers are part, there come fuch I ike round heads, with fmall black* 
 feede, like vnto the common kinde.but forftewhat fmallerjthe roote is fmall and long, 
 and periiheth euery yearc. 
 
 *. Alce* vulgoris flore cornet. Vervaine Mallow with blufli flowers. 
 
 There is a Mallow that hath logg ftalkes, and flowers like vnto the common|wilde 
 
 Mai- 
 
}68 
 
 f he (jar den of plea/ant Flowers. 
 
 MaUow~and of the fame dee^ToMur withit, Ibtbar you can hardly know .c from 
 the ordinary kinde, which is found growing wildc together with it, but onely by 
 the leafe, which is as round and as large as the former, but cut into many fine diui- 
 fions, euen to the ftalke that vpholdeth it, that it feemeth toconfift onely o ragges, 
 or pceces of leaues : Of this kinde I take a p ante for this garden, grow, ng .n all 
 refpefts like vnto it, but differing onely in the colour of the flowers, which are of the 
 fame blufh or light carnation colour, or not much differing from the former Spamlh 
 kinde, with 'feme veines therein of a deeper colounthe root hereofliueth, as the root 
 of the common wilde kinde doth. 
 
 3 . Alce* peregrina ftue veftcaria. 
 
 Venice Mallow, or Good night at noone. 
 
 The Venice Mallow hath long and weake ftalkes, moftvfually lying or leaning 
 vpon theground, hauing here and there ypon them long leaues and fomewhat broad, 
 cut in or gafhed very deepely onbothedges that it feemeth asif they were diuers 
 leaues fet together, euery one ftanding.ona long footeftalke : at thcioyntsof thefe 
 ftalkes where the leaues are fet, come forth feuerall flowers ftanding vpon longfoot- 
 ftalkes. which are fomewhat larger then any of the former flowers, confiding of hue 
 leaues fmall at the bottomland wide at the brimmes, of a whitifh colour tending to 
 a blufh.and fometimes all white, with fpots at the bottomes of the leaues on the infide, 
 of a very deepe purple or murrey colour, which addeth a great grace to the flower, 
 and hauing alfo a long peftle or clapper in the middle as yellow as gold : thefe flowers 
 are fo quickly faded and gone, that you (lrall hardly fee any of them blowne open, 
 vnlcffe it beebetirnes in the morning before the Sunne doegrow warme vpon them, 
 for as foone as it feelcth the Sunnes warme heate, it clofethvp and neueropeneth a- 
 gaine, fo that you fhall very feldome lee a flower blowne open in the day time, after 
 nine a clocke in the morning : after thefe flowers are pad there rife vp in their places 
 thinne, round, firming or tranfparenr bladders, pointed at the toppe, and ribbed down 
 all along, wherein are contained fmall, round, blackifir feede •- the roote is long and 
 fmall, and perilheth euery yeare. 
 
 4. ^yilcet \frutkofa pmtaphyHea. Cinquefoile Mallow. 
 
 The ftalkes of this Mallow are very long, hardorwooddy, more then of any of 
 the other Mallowes : at the lower part whereof, and vp to the middle, ftand diuers 
 leaues vpon long footeftalkcs, parted or diuided into fine parts or leaues, and dented 
 about the edges ; but vpwards from the middle to thetoppe,the leaues haue but three 
 diuifions : among thefe leaues ftand large wide open flowers, of the colour or the 
 common Mallow : the feede is fmaller then in any other Mallow, but the rootes are 
 great and long,fpreading in the ground like vnto the roots of Marfh Mallowes^pring- 
 ing vp afrelh euery yeare from the roote. 
 
 f.Ssbdsrifa feli Alces Americas. Thorney Mallowe. 
 
 This Thorney Mallovve hath grcenc leaues next vnto the ground, that are almoft 
 round, but pointed at che end, and dented very much about the edges^he other leaues 
 that arowe vpon the ftalke are diuided into three parts, like vnto a trefoiL , and fome 
 of them into flue diuifions , all of them dented about the edges: the ftalke is leddifh, 
 with fome harmelefle prickles in fundry places thereon, andrifeth vpthieeor foure 
 foote high in a good ground, a fit place, and a kindly yeare, bearing plenty of flowers 
 vpon the ftalkes 3 one at the foote of euery leafe, the toppe it felfc ending in a long 
 fpike, as it were of buddes and leaues together : the flowers are of a very pale yellow, 
 tending ro a white colour, fpottedinthebottomeof each of the fiue leaues, with a 
 deepe purple fpot, broad at the lower part, and ending in a point about the middle of 
 the leafe, which are quickly fading,and not abiding aboue one day, with a long peftle 
 in the middle diuided at the toppe : after the flower is paft,commeth vp a fliort prickly 
 podde,fet within a fmall gteene huskeor cup that bore the flower , wherein h contai- 
 
r lhe (jar den of pie a/ ant Flowers. 
 
 ned whitifh, or rather brownifh yellow feede, flat and foraewhat round , like vnto die 
 feedes ofHollyhocke : the rootc is ftringie , and quickly perifheth ; for it will hardly 
 endure in our cold Country to giue flowers, much lefle feede, vnlefle (.as I faid before) 
 it happen in a kindly yeare, and be well planted and tended. 
 
 6. Bimia feu AL a The Mallow of Egypt. 
 
 This Mallow is alfo as tender to nourle vp as the laft , hauing the lower lcaues broad 
 like a Marfh Mallow, and of a frefh grecne colour $ but thofe that growe vpon the 
 ftalkc,and vptothetoppe, arp <diuidcd into fiuc parts or points , but arc not cut into 
 the middle ribbe, like the former Thorney Mallow, yet dented about the edges like 
 vnto them: the flowers growe at thefettingto of theleaues, like vnto a Mallow for 
 forme, but of a whitifh colour ■ after which come long flue fquare pointed pods, with 
 hard (hels, wherein are contained round blackifh gray feede, as bigge as a Vetch or 
 bigger : the roote perilheth quickly with vs, euen with the firft frofts. 
 
 7 . frutex fltrc ulhovcl purpura. 
 
 Shrubbe Mallow with a white or purple flower. 
 
 Thereare diuers forts of fhrubbe Mallowes, whereof fome that haue their ftemmes 
 or ftalkes lefle wooddy, dye downe to the ground euery yeare , and others that abide 
 alwayes, aremore wooddy: Of the former forts I intend not to fpeake,referring them 
 to a fitter place; and of the other , I will onely giue you the knowledge of one or two 
 in this place , although I doe acknowledge their fitted place had been to be among the 
 Ihrubbes; but bccaufe they arc Mallowes, l pray let them paffe with the reft of their 
 kindred, andtheir deferiptions in this manner: Thefe wooddy kindes offhrubMal- 
 lowcs h3ue fomewhat large, long, and diuided leaues, of a whitidi greene colour, fofc 
 alfo, and as it were woolly in handling,fet difperfedly on the whitifh hard or wooddy 
 ftalkes : their flowers are large, like vnto a finglc Rofe or Hollyhocke, in the one being 
 white with purple fpots in the bottome; in the other either of a deepe red colour, or 
 elfe of a paler purple, with a deeper bottome, and with veines running in euery leafes 
 they are fomewhat tender, and would not be buffered to be vneouered in the Winter 
 time, or yet abroad in the Garden, but kept in a large pot or tubbe, in the houfe or in a 
 warme cellar, if you would haue them to thriuc. 
 
 $, Miluuhortenps rofeu [implex & multiplex eHuerforum colorum. 
 
 Hollibockesfingleand double of feucrall colours. 
 
 I (hall not neede to make many deferiptions of Hollihockes , in regard the greateft 
 difference confifteth in the flowers, which are in fome fingle, in fome double, in fome 
 ofone colour, and in others of other colours : for the lowed lcaues of Hollihockes are 
 allround, and fomewhat large, with many corners, but not cut in or diuided, foft in 
 handling; but thofe that growe vp higher arc much more diuided into many corners : 
 the ftalkes fometimes growe like a tree, at the leaft higher then any man , with diuers 
 fuch diuided leaues on them, and flowers from the middle to the toppe , where they 
 ftand as it were a long fpike of leaues and buds for flowers together : the flowers are of 
 diuers colours , both fingle and double, as pure white, and pale blufb, almoftlikc 
 a white, and more blufli, frefh and liuely, of a Rofe colour , Scarlet , and a deeper red 
 like a crimfon, and of a darke red like blacke bloud; thefe arc the moft efpeciall colours 
 both of fingle and double flowers that I haue feene: the fingle flowers confift of flue 
 broad and round leaues, (landing round like vnto fingle Roles, with a middle long 
 ftile, and fome chiues aboue them : the double flowers are like vnto double Rofes,very 
 thicke, fo that no ftile or vmbone is feene in the middle, and the outermoft roweof 
 leaues in the flowers are largeft, the innermoft being (mailer and thicke fet together : 
 after the flowers are pad , there come vp as well in the double as (ingle , flat round 
 heads, like flat cakes, round about the bottomes whereof grow e flat whitifli feede : the 
 roote is long and great at the head , white and tough , like the rootc of the common 
 Mallowes, but greater, and will reafonably well abide the Winter. 
 
The (jar den ef plea) ant Flowers. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 The firft groweth wilde in Spaine. The fecond in our owne Countrey. 
 The third is thought to growe in Italy and Venice ; but Lobel denieth it, 
 faying, that it is there onely in Gardens, and is more plentifull inthefe 
 parts then with them. The fourth Clufius faith he found in many places of 
 Germany. Thcfihhisfuppofedto be firft brought out of the Weft Indies, 
 but an Arabicke name being giuen it, maketh me fomewhar doubtfull how 
 to beleeue it. The fixth groweth inEgypt,whereitisofgreatvfe, asPro- 
 fper Alpinus hath fet downe in his Booke of Egyptian plants. The feuenth 
 groweth in (ome parts both of Spaine and France. The laft is hot found 
 but in Gardens cucry where. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 The firft, fecond, third,fourth, and laft, doe flower from Iunevntill the 
 end of Iuly and Auguft. The reft flower very late , many times not vn- 
 till September or O (Sober. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 The firft and fecond hauc their names fufficiently exprefled in their titles. 
 The third is diuerfly called, as Malta b trana, Alcea veficaria , Alcea react a. 
 Alte* Peregrina, and of Matthiolus,/y;/f«*w.The moft vfuall Englifh name 
 is Venice Mallow. The fourth is called Alcea fruticojapentaphybea, and Can- 
 maiinifelit, or Pent afh jilt] die : In Englifh, Cinquefoile Mallow. The fifth 
 hath been fent vnder the name of Sabdarifa, and Sabdanffa, and (as I laid) is 
 thought to be brought from America, and therefore it beareth the name of 
 thatCountry. Thefixthiscalledin Egypt, Ramie, or 2«>»w/4,andby that 
 name fent with the addition del Cayrt vnto it : In Englifh , Egyptian Mal- 
 low, or Mallow of Egypt. The feuenth is called Althaafrut ex,ind offome 
 Althaa arbtrea : In Englifh, Shrubbc Mallow, becaufc his ftemme is wood- 
 die , and abideth as fhrubbes and trees doe. The eight and laft is called 
 Maltt a her leaps, Malm Rtfea, and of fomc Reft vltra marina : In Englifh, of 
 fome Hockcs, and vfually Hollihockcs. 
 
 The Vertues, 
 
 All forts ofMallowes, by reafon of their vifeous or flimie quality, doc 
 helpe to make the body foluble, being vfed inwardly, and thereby helpc 
 alfo to eafe the paines of the ftone and grauell, caufing them to be the more 
 eafily voided : being outwardly applyed, they mollific hard tumors, and 
 hclpeto eafe paines in diuers parts of the body j yet thofc that are of moft 
 vfe,are moft common. The reft are but taken vpon credit. 
 
 Ck ap. XCII. . 
 
 Amaranthm. Flower-gentle. 
 
 W E haue foureor Sue forts of Flower-gentle totrimmevp this our Garden 
 withall, which doe differ very notably one from another, as (hall be de- 
 clared in their feueral 1 deferiptions ; fome of which are very tender, and 
 muft be carefully regarded, andall little enough to cauf'c them beare feede with vs, or 
 elfe wee (hall bee to feeke euery yeare : othersare hardy enough, and will hardly 
 be loft out of the Garden. 
 
 i. Amaranth* s 
 
The (jar den of pleafant t lowers 
 
 37» 
 
 i . ^yimarantbm purpurem miner. The fmall purple Flower-gentle. 
 
 This gallant purple Veluet flower, or Flower-gentle, hath a creftcd ftalke two foote 
 high or more, purplilb at the bottome , butgreeneto the toppe, whereout groweth 
 many fmall branches , the leaues on the ftalkes and branches are fomewhat broad at 
 the bottome, and (harpe pointed, of a full greene colour, and often fomewhat reddifh 
 withall, like in forme vnto the leaues of Elites (whereof this and the reft areaccounted 
 fpecies, or forts) or fmall Beetes : theflowersarc Iong,fpikie, foft, andgentletuftsof 
 haires, many as it were growing together, broad at the bottome , and fmall vp at the 
 roppe, pyramis or fteeple-falhion, offo excellent a (Tuning deepe purplccolour , ten- 
 ding to a murrey, that in the moil excellent coloured Veluet , cannot be feene a more 
 orient colour, (and I thinke from this refpedt , the French call it Pajfe velours, that is to 
 fay, patting Veluet in colour) without any fmell at all, which being bruifed giueth the 
 fame excellent purple colour on paper, and being gathered in his full ftrength and 
 beauty, will abide a great time (ifit be kept out of the windeand funne in a dry place) 
 in the fame grace and colour : among thefe tufts lyethcfeedefcattered, which isfmall 
 very blacke, and (hining : the rootes are a few threddy firings, which quickly perifti* 
 as the whole plant doth, at the firft approach of Winter weather. 
 
 2 . Amarantbus Coccineus. Scarlet Flower- gentle. 
 
 The leaues of this Flower-gentle are longer , and fomewhat narrower then the for- 
 mer ; the ftalke groweth fomewhat higher, bearinghis long tufts at feuerall leaues as 
 alfo at the toppe of the ftalkes, many being fet together, but feparate one from ano- 
 ther, and each bowing or bending do wne his head, like vnto a Feather, fuch as is worn 
 in our Gallants and Gentlewomens heads, of an excellent bloudy Scarlet colour : the 
 feede is blacke, like vnto the former : the rootc perifheth quicklier, becaufe it is 
 more tender. 
 
 3. Amarunt bus tricolor. Spotted or variable Flower-gentle. 
 
 The chiefeft beauty of this plant confifteth in the leaues, and not in the flowers • for 
 they are fmall tufts growing all along the ftalke, which is nothing fo high as the for- 
 mer, efpecially with vs, and at the ioy nts with the leaues : the leaues hereof are of the 
 fame falhion that the former are, and pointed alfo ; but eucryleafe is to be feene par- 
 ted into greene, red, and yellow, very orient and frefli (efpecially ifit come to his 
 full perfection , which is in hot and dry weather) diuided not all alike, but in feme 
 leaues, where the red or yellow is.there will begreene, and fo varying, thatitis very 
 pleafant to behold: the feede hereof is blacke and (hining, not to bee knowne from 
 the former. 
 
 4. Amaranths* Carnea [pica. Carnation Flower-gentle. 
 
 There is another more rare then all the reft, whofe leaues are fomewhat longer and 
 narrower then the firft, and like vnto the fecond kindc : the fpikes are (liort , many fet 
 together, like branches full of heads or eares of corne, euery one whereof hath (ome 
 long haires (ticking out from them, ofa deep blufn, tending to a carnation colour. 
 
 y. <_ Amaranths, u purpurem maior panniculis Jparfis. 
 
 Great Floramour, or purple Flower- gentle. 
 
 The great Floramour hath one thicke, tall, crefted, browne red ftalke , fiueorfix 
 foote high, from whence fpring many great broad leaues, like vnto the former for the 
 forme,but much larger & redder for the mod part,efpecially the lowed , which bran- 
 ched forth into diuers parts, & from between thefe leaues, & the (talks or branches, as 
 alfo at the tops ofthem,ftand long,fpikie, round, & fomewhat flat tufrs, ofa more red- 
 di(h purple colour then the firft, and diuided alfo into feuerall parts, wherin when they 
 
 are 
 
ifjz The (garden of pic a f ant Flowers. 
 
 ate full ripe, arc to befcen an innumerable company of white feed, (landing out among 
 the fhort thrums, and do then eafily fall away with a little touchingj.enery one of tbele 
 white feed hath as it were an hole halfc bored through thcrin: the root is a great bulb of 
 firings, fpreadinginthe ground, whereby it is ftrongly fattened, yet perifheth euery 
 yeate,afcer it hath giuen his feedc. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 All thefe plants grow? in the Eafierne Countries, as Perfia, Syria , Ara- 
 bia, &c. except the greateft, which hath been brought out of the Weft In- 
 dies, where it is much vfed, cfpecially the feedc : they are all, exceptir, 
 nout fed vp with much care in our Gardens , and yet in a backward or cold 
 yearethey will not thriue, for that they defire much heate: but the greateft 
 doth alwayes giue ripe feede euery yeare. 
 
 TheTime. 
 
 They beare their gallant tufts or fpikes for the moft part in Auguft, and 
 fome not vntill September. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 The name Amtrunthus is giuen to all thefe plants, taken from the Grceke 
 word c-Ven'TO®-, non mircefceus, or non feuefeent, that is, neuer waxing old, 
 and is often alfo impofed on other plants, who haue the fame property, that 
 is, that their flowers being gathered in a fit fealon,wiIl rerainetheir nadue 
 colour a long time, as (hall be fiieweli in the Chapter following. Diuers do 
 thinkethe firft to be Phlox, or FUmnu of Theophraftus. Tbethird is called 
 G clefts, or Celtfis of Tragus. Spigcliusin his ifugogttfatth , it is generally 
 taken to be Sephmis, whereof Plinie maketh mention ; and Lobel, to bee 
 the Perfians Thetmhrtttn of Plinie. The Italians, from whom I had it (by 
 the meanesofM 1 . Doctor Iohn More, as I haue had many other rarefim- 
 plcs)callit, Blitedilrecoleri.Athtec coloured Blire. The fifth, which is 
 the greateft, hath been fent from the Weft Indies by the name of £* inii a, 
 as Clufius reporteth. The name Flower-gentle in Englifh , and F lor amour. 
 which is the French, of Flu amoris, and Ptjfc veloars , as is before laid , or 
 Veluet flower, according to the Italian, Fitr velato, are equally giuen to all 
 thefe plants, with their feucrall diflindtions, as they are expreffed in their 
 titles. 
 
 TheVertues. 
 
 Diuers fuppofethe flowers of thefe plants doe helpe to flay thefluxe 
 of bloudinmanorwoman, becaufethat other things that are red or pur- 
 ple doe performc the fame. But Galen difproueth that opinion very no- 
 tably, in Itb. t . dr 4 . de jimp l . medic ament. fault it ihxt. 
 
 Chap. XC I II. 
 
 HelkPey film, fiat Amaranth tu luteus. 
 
 Golden FIower-gentle,GoIdilockes, or Gold-flower. 
 
 T He propinquity of property (as I before faid) hath caufed the affinity in name, 
 and fo in neighbourhood in thefe plants, wherein there are fome diuerfity ; and 
 although they differ from them before in many notable points, yet they all a- 
 grec with themfelucs in the golden, or filuer heads or tufts they beare- and therefore I 
 
 haue 
 
trtn!»r. Var'a'jk Flow^r-oeotle. 4 ^vardHtbut ^tccineut. icarlet Flower gentle. f ^A<n*r»^ bHi eun.ta yic* Cifnation FI jwcf ^avl.. <> C^' 3 ' 
 fieafxt G iUtfn Ca:Tii;>aie. 7 HelfchrypAn ^retieum. Ca n Ay Goldiloekes. t GitphibwH sAminemum. Lmzlaag or JLife c u:il4 iiu*. o 
 fb4liHn/n9*tA*HM.C*ti fojce. 15 QnsphaLiHmrofiu'». The Cyttua R.^fc. 
 
 Ii 
 
 The (garden of pie af ant tiov ers. 
 
 37 ? 
 
m 
 
 be (jar den of p tea jantF towers. 
 
 hauecomprifed them in one Chapter, and will begin with that which commerhnea- 
 reft vnto th cHdkhryfxm of Diofcoridcs , or Aurdu (as Gaza tranflateth it) of Theo- 
 phraftus. 
 
 1 . Hclitchryfnm .The Golden flower of life. 
 
 This firft Golden tuft rifeth vp with many hard, round, white ftalkes, a foote and a 
 halfe hi»h, whereon at certainc diftanccs (land many fine cut leaues,or rather one leafe 
 cut inromany (mall fine parts, almoft as ftnall as Fenell,but gray ifn, like vnto the Cud- 
 weedes or Cotton-weedes(whereof certainly thefe are fpeciallkindes)at the toppes 
 of the ftalkes (land many round flowers, of a pale gold colour, inanvmbell clofe to- 
 gether, yet euery llower vpon his owneftalke, and all of an euen height, whichwill 
 keepe the colour, being gathered, and kept dry for a long time after , and are of 9 hot 
 and quicke fent : the roote is fmall and wooddy , fpreading vnder the vpper cruft of 
 the earth, andliueth long in his owne naturali place , butvety hardly endureth the 
 cold of our Winters, vnlefTe they be milde, or it be well defended. 
 
 2. Helubrjfxm Creticum. Candy Goldilockes. 
 
 Candy Goldilockes hath two or three fmall flender white branches , fet here and 
 there very fcatteriagly, with fmall, long, and narrow hoary leaues, hauing yellow 
 heads of flowers at the tops made into vmbels or tufts', not fo round and euen as the 
 former, but longwife one aboue another, the heads being made as it were of feales, 
 loofly, and not fo clolely fet together, as in the next following, which when they are 
 
 full ripe, doe paffe into dounc, and are blowne away with the winde, hauing a fmall 
 
 reddifh feede at the end ; but will abide a long time, as the other in his beauty , being 
 gathered in time, as the reft will doe. 
 
 5 , Hdichryfum Orient tic fine lutem. 
 
 Golden Flower-gentle. 
 
 This moft beautifull plant is very like vnto the former Candy Goldilockes laft de- 
 fcribcd,butgrowingvp higher, with many more branches, and more hoary, white, 
 and woolly, hauing alfo long and narrow white leaues, but fomewhat broader, and 
 thicker fet on the branches : the tufts of flowers or vmbels likewife doeconfift of 
 longer and larger heads, more fcaly, and clofer compadl together , of an excellent 
 pale gold yellow colour, and fliining, with fome yellow threads or thrummes in the 
 middle : the roote dyeth not euery yeare, but liueth long,cfpecially in the South and 
 Eaft Countries, where no colds or frofts are felt; but will require extraordinary care 
 and keeping, and yet fcarce fuflicient topreferue it in thefe cold Countries. 
 
 4. chryfocome fixe SUchai citrine. Golden tufts or Golden Caflidony. 
 
 This Golden flower is fomewhat like the former of thefe two laft dcfcribed,hauing 
 hoary ftalkes and leaues, (landing confufedly on them, being long, and narrower then 
 any of the former: the tops of the ftalkes arc diuided into many parts, each bearing! 
 fmall long yellow head or flower at the toppe, with fome yellow thrummes in them, 
 which heads being many, are diffufcdly fet together, likealooleor fparfedvmbell, 
 keeping their colour long before they wither, and when they art-ripe, haue thinne 
 fmall reddifh feede, like Mariorome feede, but fmaller s the roote is fmall and blacke : 
 the whole plant, aswell leaues andflowers, as rootes, areof aftrong (liarpt fent , yet 
 pleafant. 
 
 5 . Argjrocomc fixcGnaphxlium Americunxm. 
 
 Liuelong or Life euerlafting. 
 
 This filuer tuft or Indian Cotton weede, hath many white heads of leafes at their 
 firft fpringing out of the ground, couered with a hoary woollineffe like cotton, which 
 rifing into hard,thicke round ftalkes, containe dill the fame hoarinefle vpon them, as 
 alfo vpon the long and narrow leaues which are fet thereon, dpecially on the vnder 
 
 fide. 
 
7 he Cj arden of pic a( ant F iovicr s . 
 
 Mi 
 
 fide, for the vppcr fides are of a darke firming grecne colour : the ftalkes are diuidcd at 
 thctoppe into many (mail branches, each whereof haue many fcaly tufted heads fet 
 together, couered ouer with cotton before their opening, and then difteuering one 
 fromanother, abiding very white on the outfide, when they are fully growne, but 
 withafmall yellow thrume inthemiddeof eueryflower, which in time turne into 
 yellow dounc, apt to be blowne away with euery vvinde : the roots are long and black 
 on the outfide, creeping vnder ground very much. 
 
 This fmall Cudweede or Cottonweede, hath many fmall white woolly leaues 
 growing from the roote, which is compofed of a few fmall blackifh threds,and lying 
 vpon the ground fomewhat like vntothe leauesof a fmall Moufe- eare, butfmaller ; 
 from among which riferh vp a fmall ftalke of halfe a foote high or thereabouts, befet 
 here and there with fome few leaues, at the top whereof commeth forth a tuft of fmall 
 flowers, fet clofc together, in fome of a pure white, inothersof apurpleor reddifh 
 colour, its fome of a pale red or blufit, and in others of a white and purple mixt toge- 
 ther, which for the beauty is much commended and defired, but will hardly abide to 
 be kept in Gardens, fo vnwilling they are to leaue their naturali abiding. 
 
 This little rofe Cottonweede hath many fuch like woolly leaues, growing asthe 
 former from the roote vpon fmall fiiort branches, not full an hand breadth high, in fa- 
 (hion fomewhat like vnto Day fie leaues, but leffer, and round pointed : at the toppe of 
 euery ftalke or branch, ftandeth one flower, compofed of tworowesof fmall white 
 leaues, lay d open like a Starre or a Rofe, as it beareth the name, hauiag a round head 
 in the middle made of many yellow threds or thrumes, which falling away, thereri- 
 feth vp a fmall round head,full of fmall feedes : the root is fmall, long and threddy. 
 
 The foure firft plants dee grow naturally in many of the hot Countries 
 of Europe, as Spaine, Italie, and Prouince in France ; as alfoin Candy, 
 Barbary, and other places, and muft be carefully kept with vs in the winter 
 time. The Liuelong was brought out of the Weft Indies, andgroweth 
 plentifully in our gardens. The tWoiaftdoegrow as well in the colder 
 Countries of Germany, as in France and otherplaces. 
 
 . ■ • - m cu:i 
 
 ... .1 ;j hr.i ' 1-i'fi : . .. viosljd 
 
 \ .. .trn 01 
 
 They all flower in the end of September,if they will fliew out their beaifry’ 
 at all with vs, for fometimes it is fo late,that they haue no faire colour at all, 
 efpecially the foure firft forts. 
 
 firft forts of plants, as Hcticbryfum, Hehochryfum, or Elichrylum. Eliochryfum, 
 Chryfocome, Coma aur e a,Amar anthus lutcut, Stotchas Citrina, and Aurelii, with 
 others, needlefle here to be recited : it is fufficient for this worke, to giue 
 you knowledge rhattheir names are fufficient as they are expreffed in their 
 titles : The fife is called Gnaphaltum by Carolus Clufius, from the likenefle 
 of the vmbels or tufts of heads, though greater and white : for as I faid be- 
 fore, the Cotton weedes are of kindred with the golden tufts : It hath been 
 called by our Englifti Gentlewomen, Liue lojig, and Life euerlafting, be- 
 caufe of the durabilitie of the flowers ia their beautiev The two laft are cal- 
 
 6 . Gnaph alium montanum flore albo & flore purpureo. 
 Whitcand purple Catsfoote. 
 
 7. Gnapbalium Rofeum. The Cotton Rofe. 
 
 1 
 
 The Place. 
 
 TheNames- 
 
 Variable and many are the names that feuerall Wrirersdocallthefe foure 
 
 led 
 
*1 be Cjar den of pleafant Flowers. 
 
 led Gntphtlwm, according to theirtitles 5 and inEnglifh they may paffevn- 
 dcr thofc names arc fet downc with them. 
 
 The Vcrtues. 
 
 The fourc firffc are accounted to bee hot and dry, and the three laft to bee 
 coldanddry : yetallof themmay tofomegoodpurpofebeeapplycdro 
 rheumaticke heads. The former foure are likewifevfed tocaufevrine, and 
 in baths to comfort and heate cold parts. They are alfo laydinchefts and 
 wardrobes,to keepegarments from moths j and are worne in the heads and 
 armes of Gentiles and othcrs,for their beautifull afpedt. 
 
 Chap. XCIIII. 
 
 Ctnnt Indict, The Indian flowring Reede. 
 
 T Here are two kindes or forts of this beautifull plant,the one with a red flower, 
 the other with a yellow, fpotted with reddidi f pots, both which in fome kind 
 Iyyeares hauc borne their braue flowers, but neuer any ripe feede, and doth 
 not abide the extremities of our winters, eyther abroade or vnder couert, vnldleic 
 meete with a ftoue or hot-houfe, fuch as arc vfed in Gcrmany,or fuch other like place: 
 For neyther houfc nor cellar will preferueit,for want of heate. 
 
 Ctnnt Indict fort rubrt. Red flowred Indian Reede. 
 
 This beautifull plant tifeth vp with faire greene, large, broade leaucs, euery one ri- 
 ling out of the middle of the other, and are folded together, or writhed like vnto a 
 paper Coffin (as they call it) fuch as Comfitmakers and Grocers vfe, to putin their 
 Comfits and Spices, and being fpread open, another rifeth from the bottome thereof, 
 folded in the fame manner, which arc fet at the ioynts of the ftalke when it is rifen vp, 
 like vnto our water Reede, and growing (if it runne vp for flower) to be three or fourc 
 foote high, as I hauc obferued in mine owne garden : the flowers grow at the toppe of 
 the ftalke on eabouc another, which before their opening are long, fraall, round, and 
 pointed at the end, very like vnto the claw of a Crauife or Sea-Crab, and of thefamc 
 red or crimfon colour, but being open, arevery likevntothe flowerof Ghdiotm or 
 Corne-flagge, but of a more orient colour then at thefiift, and (landing in a rough 
 huskc, wherein afterwards ftandeth a three fquare head, containing therein round 
 blacke feede, of the bigneffe of a peafe : the roote is white and tuberous, growing in- 
 to many knobs, from whence arife fuch other leaues and ftalkes,vvhercby it cncreafeth 
 very much, if it be righrly kept and defended. 
 
 Ctnnt Indict florc fl.tucpuxP.ntt>. 
 
 Yellow fpotted Ind ian Reede. 
 
 This Reede growethvp with leaues and flowers, inallpointsfolikc-vntothefor- 
 mer,that it cannot bee knowne from it,vntill it come te flower, which is of a yellow 
 colour, fpotted with reddifh fpots, without any other difference. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 Thefe plants grow naturally in the Weft Indies, from whence they were 
 firft fent into Spaine,and Portugall, where Clufius faith he faw them plan- 
 ted by the houfes fr ies, flow'ring in winter, which might be in thofe warme 
 Countreyes.We prefcruc chem with great care in our gardens, forthe bcau- 
 tifull afpedof their flowers. 
 
 The 
 
The Cjardcn of p Leaf ant £* lowers. 
 
 V77 
 
 neft. 
 
 TheNamcj. 
 
 They are called of forne Canna indica, and Arnndt Indict, of others Canna- 
 r»r*«,andof fom twits Cancri, becaufe the colour of the flowers, as well as 
 the forme of the buds, are fo like vnto a Sea-Crabs cle,or claw. 
 
 ni.. 
 
 There is not at vfe of thefe in Phy ficke that I know. 
 
 Chap. XCV. 
 
 jdd c i j ■ ‘ . ' . . 
 
 !!: 
 
 ■ I) 
 
 cuaiuoi 
 
 Mandragtras. Mandrake. 
 
 T He Mandrake is diftinguifbed into two kindes, the male and the female • the 
 male hath two forts, theone differing from the other, as (hall be (hewed; but of 
 the female Iknow bur one : ['he male is frpr]uentin many gardens,but the fe- 
 male, in that it is more tender and rare, is noupfed vp but in a few. 
 
 being full gtowne, are faire, large and greenc, lying round about theroote,and are lar- 
 gerand longer theu the greateft leauesof any Letrice,whercunto it is likened by Dio- 
 fcorides and others: from the middle, among thefe leaues,riievp many flowers, euery 
 one vpon a long (lender dalkc, (landing in a whitilhgreenehuske, confiftingof flue 
 pretty large round pointed leaues, of a greenifh white colour, which turneinto fmall 
 roundapples, greene at the firft, and of a pale red colour whenthey are ripe, very 
 finooth and (hining on the outfide,and of a heady or ftrong (luffing fmell, wherein is 
 contained round whitilh flat feede : therootcislongand thicke, blackilh on the out- 
 fide, and white within, confiding many times but of onelongroote, andfometimes 
 diuided into two branches a little below the head, and fometimes into three or more, 
 as nature lifleth to beflow vpon it, as my felfe haue often feenc, by the tranfplanting of 
 many, as alfo by breaking and cutting off of many part s of the rootes,but neuer found 
 hartneby fo doing, as many idle tales haue beenefet downein writing, anddeliuered 
 alfo by report, of much danger to happen to fuch, as fhould diggethem vp orbreake 
 them ; ncytherhaue I euerfeeneany forme of man like or woman-like parts, in the 
 rootes of any : but as I faid,it hath oftentimes two mainc rootes running down- right 
 into the ground, and fometimes three,and fometimes but one, as it likewife often hap- 
 pened to Parfneps,Carrots,or the like. But many cunning counterfeit rootes hauebin 
 (haped to fuch formes, and publickly expofed to the vie w of all that would fee them, 
 and haue been tolerated by the chiefe Magidratesof theCitie, notwithdandingthat 
 they haue beene informed that fuch practices were meere deceit, and vnfuffcrable ; 
 whether this happened through their ouer-credulirie of the thing, or of the perfons, 
 or through an opinion that the information of the truth rofe vpon enuy, I know not, 
 I leauethattothefearchcrof all hearts : Butthisyournaybceboldtoreflvpon,and 
 adure your felues,that fuch formes as hauebin publickly expofed to be feene,were ne- 
 uer fo formed by nature, but only by the art and cunning of knaues and deceiuers. and 
 let this be your Galeatam againft all fuch vaine, idle and ridiculous toyes of mensin- 
 uentions. 
 
 Manadrgoras mas. The male Mandrake. 
 
 The male Mandrake tbrudeth vpmanyleauestogetheroutof theground, which 
 
 There 
 
378 The (jar den of pleafant Flowers. 
 
 There is hkewife another fort of thefe male Mandrakes, which I firft faw at Canter- 
 bury, with my very louing and kinde t riende Iohn Tradefcantc, in the garden of the 
 Lord Wotton, whofegardinerhe was at that time • the leaucs whereof were of a 
 more gray ifli greene colour, and fomewhat folded together, when as the former kind 
 that grew hard by it, was of the fame forme that is before deferibed, and ordinary in 
 all others : but whether the apples were differing from theother, I know not, nor did 
 they remember thatcuer it had borncany. 
 
 Mtndngoras f*mint. The female Mandrake. 
 
 The female Mandrake doth likewife put vp many leaues together, from the head of 
 theroote, but they are nothing fo large, and are of a darker greene colour, narrower 
 alfo and (liining, more crumpled, and of a ftronger lent : the flowers are many,rifing 
 vp in the middle of the leaues, vpan flender ftalkes, at in he male kind, but of a blew- 
 id) purple colour, which turne into fmall round f ruite ;r apples, and not long like a 
 pearc (as Clufius reporteth that faw them naturally growing in Spaine) greene at the 
 firft, andof apaleyellewifhcolour,whentheyarefullripe ; of a more pleafing, or if 
 you will, of a lefle heady fent then the apples of themale, wherein is contained fuch 
 like feede,but fmaller and blacker : the rootes are like the former, blacke without and 
 white within, and diuided in the fame manner as the male is, fometimes with more, 
 and fometimes with fewer parts or branches. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 They grow in many places of Italic, as Matthiolus reporteth, but cfpe- 
 ciallyon Mount Garganus in Apulia. Clufius faith hec found the female in 
 many wet grounds of Spaine, as alfo in the borders ofrhofe medowes that 
 lyeneerevntoriuers and water courfes. The male is cheiifhed in many 
 Gardens, for pleafureas well as for vfc s but the female as is faid,is both ve- 
 ry rare, and farremoretender. 
 
 TheTime. 
 
 The Male flowreth in March, and the fruit is ripe in Iuly. The Female, if 
 it be well preferued,flowreth not vntill Auguft,or September; fo that with- 
 out extraordinary care, we neuer fee the fruitethereof in ourgardens. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 MunlrsgorM m<ti is called tlbttt, as the Ftmir.i is called niger, which titles 
 of blacke and white, are referred vnto thecolourof theleaues : the fe- 
 male is called alfo tbridtcmSxom the likenefleof Lettice,whereuntothey 
 fay in forme it doth carry fome fimilitude.Diofcerides faith,that in his time 
 the male was called Merten, and both of them JntimeUm, znd Ctrctt. Wee 
 call them in Engliih, The male, and the female Mandrake. 
 
 TheVcrtues. 
 
 The leaues haue a cooling and drying qualitie, fit for the oy ntment 
 fuletn, wherein it is put. But the Apples haue a foporiferous propertie, as 
 Lcuinus Lemnius maketh mention in his Herball to the Bible, of an expe- 
 riment of his owne. Befides, as Diofcorides firft, and then Serapio, Auicen, 
 Paulus vEginera, andothers alfo do declare,thev conduce much to thecoo- 
 Iingand cleanfing of an hot matrix. And it is probable,that Rachel know- 
 ing that they might be profitable for her hot and dry body, was the more 
 earned: with Leah for her Sonne Rubens Apples, as it is fet downe Genrfis 
 ^o.ver/e 14 . The ftrong fent of thefe apples is remembred alfo, Cant.-j. 13 . 
 althoughfome would diuertthe figniScation of the Hebrew word,D’srm, 
 
 vnto 
 
T be (jar den of plea) ant blowers. 3 
 
 vnto Violets, or fome other l'weet flowers, in the farmer place of Genefis , 
 and the fruit of Mufa, or Adams Apples in this place of the Canticles. 
 Hamilcar the Carthaginian Captaine isfaidtohaue inle&ed the wine of 
 the Lybians (his enemies againft whom he fought) with the apples of Man- 
 drake, whereby they being made exceeding dro wfie, he obtained a famous 
 vidory ouerthein. 
 
 Ghap.XCVI. 
 
 Pemum Ameris. Loue Apples. 
 
 A lthough the beaurii iis pl.intconfifteth not in the flower,but fruit, yet giuc 
 
 me leaue to infert it here, left other wife it haue no place : whereof there are 
 two efpeciall forts, which wee comprehend in one Chapter, 'and diftinguilh 
 them by main i and minus, greater and fimller : yet of the greater kinde, we haue nour- 
 fed vp in our Gardens two forts, that differ only in the colour of the fruite, and in no- 
 thing elfe. 
 
 Pemum Ameris maius fruflu inire. 
 
 Great Apple of Loue the ordinary red fort. 
 
 This greater kinde of Loue Apples, which hath beetle moll frequently cherifhed 
 with vs, hath diuers long and trayling branches, leaning or fpreading vpon theground, 
 not ableto fuftainc themfclues, whereon doe grow many long winged leaues, that is, 
 many leaues fet on both fides, and all alonga middle ribbe, fome being greater, and 
 others lefle, iagged alfo and dented about the edges, of a grayilh ouer-worne greene 
 colour, fomewhat rough or hairy in handlingjfrom afriong the leaues and the branches 
 come forth long ftalkes, with diuers flowers fet thereon, vpon feuerall fliort footftalks, 
 confiding of fixe, and fometimes of eight finall long yd low leaues, withamiddle 
 pricke or vmbone, which after the flowers are fallen, rifeth to be thefruite, which are 
 of thebigndfeof a fmail or meane Pippin, vneucnly bunched out in diuers places, 
 and fcarce any full round without bunches, of a faire pale reddifli colour, or fomewhat 
 deeper, like vnto an Orengc,full of a flimle iuiceand watery pulpe, wherein the feede 
 lyeth, which is white, flat and fomewhat rough : theroote (hooteth with many fmail 
 firings and bigger branches vnder ground, but perifheth at the firfl feeling of our win- 
 ter weather. The fruite hereof by often fowing it in our Land, is become much final- 
 lcrthenl haueheredeferibed it : but was at the firflj andfofortwoorthrecyeircs af- 
 ter, as bigge as I haue related it. 
 
 Pemum Ameris maius frufla latte. Yellow Amorous Apples. 
 
 Of the fame kinde is this other fort of Amorous Apples, differing in nothing but 
 the colour of thefruite, which is of a pale yellow colour, hauing bunches or lobes 
 in the fame manner, and feede alfo like the former. 
 
 Pemum Ameris minus, fine Mala Ethiopia a par an. 
 
 Small Loue Apples. 
 
 The fmail Apples of Loue in the very like manner, haue long weake trayling 
 branches, befetwith fuchlike leaues as the greater kinde hath, but fmaller in euery 
 part : the flowers alfo ftand many together on a long ftalice, and yellow as the for- 
 mer, but much fmaller : the fruite are fmail, round, yellowifli red berries, not much 
 bigger then great grapes, wherein are contained white flat feede, like the other, but 
 fmaller : the roocc perifheth in likemanner euery ycare, and therefore muft bee new 
 fo wen euery fpring, if you will haue the pleafure of their fight in the garden j yet lomc 
 yeares I haue known them rife of their owne fowing in my garden. 
 
 The 
 
jT^f (jar den of plea) ant Flowers. 
 
 580 
 
 The Place. 
 
 They growe naturally in the hot Countries of Barbary , and Ethiopia ; 
 yet fome report them to be firft brought from Peru, a Prouince of the Weft 
 Indies. Wee onely haue them for curiofity in our Gardens , and for the 
 amorous afpeft or beauty of the fruit. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 "•^They flower in Iuly and Auguft, and their fruit is ripe in the middle or 
 end of September for the moil parr. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 The firft is named diuerfly by diuers Authors ; for Lobel , Camerarius, 
 and others, call them few* amor it. Dodonarus Aurea Mai a. Gefnerus firft 
 andBauhinusalterhim,makeitto bcakindcof Solanum Pomiferum. An- 
 guillan taketh it to be Lyct/pn ficum of Galen. Others thinke it to bee Glau- 
 eiumoi Diofcoridcs. Thelaftis called MaUtsEthuptca parua , and by that 
 title was firft fent vnto vs, as if the former were of the fame kinde and 
 country. Wecallthem in Engliih, Apples of Loue,Loue- Apples, Golden 
 Apples , or Amorous Apples , and all as much to one purpofe as another, 
 more then for their beautifull afpcift. 
 
 The Vertues. * 1 
 
 l 1 : 
 
 In the hot Countries where they naturally growe, they are much eaten 
 of the people, to code and quench thcheate and thirftof their hot fto- 
 maches. The Apples alfo boy led, or infufed in oyle in the iunne, is thought 
 to be good to cure the itch,affurcdly it will allay the heate thereof. 
 
 . : v: ' . ji ;.i i ' '■ -it j 
 
 Chap. XCVII. 
 
 Digital*. Foxegloue. 
 
 T Hereare three principali forts of Foxegloucs, a greater, a middle or meane 
 fort, and a le(fer,and of them, three efpcciall colours, that is, purple, white, and 
 yellow ; the common purple kindethaegrovveth abroad in the fields, Iieaue 
 to his wilde habitation : and of the reft as followeth. 
 
 1. Digital* maxima ferruginea. Dun coloured Foxegloues. 
 
 The leaues of this Foxegloue are long and large,of a grayifh green colour, finely cut 
 ©rdented aboutthcedges,liketheteethof aline fawe ; among which commethvpa 
 ftrong tall ftalke, which when it was full growne, and with ripe feede thereon,I haue 
 meafured to be feuen foot high at theleaft,wheron grow an innumerable company (as 
 Iraay fofay , inrefpe&of the aboundance) of flowers, nothing (o large as the com- 
 mon purple kinde,thatgrowcth wilde euery where in ourowne Countrey, and of a 
 kindeofbrowneoryellowilhdunne colour, with a long lippe at curry flower • after 
 them come feede, like thecommon kinde, but infmaller heads : therootes are ftringie 
 like the ordinary, but doe vfually perilh, or feldome abide after it hat h giuen feed. 
 
 1. Digit alii maior flere carnea. Blufh coloured Foxegloues. 
 
 This kinde of Foxeglo«es hath reafonable large leaues , yet not altogether fo large 
 
 as 
 
T he garden of pleajant Flowers» 381 
 
 x Camw iadirtf.The Indian Reed. z Mandragoras mat. The male Mandrake. 3 Vanum amaris maw. Great Applesoflcue. 4 Digital 
 maior flare lutti amplas The great yellow Foxegleue. j Digit* Bs media flare tnHa rntfnie- Orenge rawnjr.Foxegloucs. 6 pig‘l*lis 
 flax mtfmxgtau. Dan coloured Foxegloirtf, 
 
zSz 
 
 The (jar den of pleafant Flowers. 
 
 as the common field kinde : the flowers arealfofmallerthen the common fort, but 
 of a blufh colour. 
 
 3 . Digitilli medis fore luteo rubente. Orengetawnie Foxegloue. 
 
 As this Foxegloue is none of the greatcft, fo alfo is it none of the fmalleft ; but a fort 
 betwecne both” hauing leaues in fume proportion correfpondent to the IcfTer yellow 
 Foxegloue, but not fo large as the ldfer white: the flowers are long and narrow, al- 
 moft as large as the laft white, but nothing fo large as the firft white,of a faire yellowifh 
 browne colour, as if the yellow were ouerfbadowed with a reddifh colour, and is that 
 colour wee vfually call an Orenge tawnie colour : the feede is like theformer: the 
 rootes perifh euery yeare that they beare feede, which is vfually thefecondyeareof 
 thefpringing. 
 
 4 . Digitalis muter Mu. The greater white Foxegloue. 
 
 This white Foxegloue is in all things fo like vnto the purple wildc kinde,that it can 
 hardly be diftinguiflied from it, vnleffe it be in the frelher greenncfleand largeneffe of 
 the leaues : the flowers are as great in a manner as the purple, but wholly white, with- 
 out any fpot in them : the feed and other things agree in all points. 
 
 y. Digitulis slbs slters feuminer. The Idler white Foxegloue. 
 
 We haue in our Gardens another fort of white Foxegloue, vvhofe leaues are like 
 vnto the laft deferibed, but not altogether fo long or large , and of a darker greene co- 
 lour : the ftalkegroweth not fo high, as not' full three foote : the flowers are pure 
 white, fafhioned like vnto the former, but not fo great or large, in all other things 
 alike : the rootes hereof did abide fometime in our Gardens, but finceperifhcd, and 
 the feede alfo, fince when wc neuer could obtaine from any our friends of that kinde 
 
 againe. .... n , 
 
 6 . Digit slu nuter lutei pore imp 10. 
 
 The great yellow Foxegloue. 
 
 T he leaues of this greater yellow Foxegloue , are ip forme fomewhat like vnto the 
 common purple kinde, but not altogether fo large : the ftalke groweth to bee three or 
 foure foote high, whereon ftand many long hollow pendulous flowers, in fliape like 
 the ordinary purple •. but fomewhat (horter, and more large and open at the brimmes, 
 of a faire yellow colour , wherein arc long threads , like as in the others : the roote 
 hereof is greater at the head, and more wooddythen any of the reft, with many 
 fmaller fibres, fpreading themfelues in the ground, andabidethalmoftaswcll as our 
 common purple kinde. 
 
 7 . Digit dis miner lutes fine ptllids. 
 
 The fmall pale yellow Foxegloue. 
 
 This fmall pale yellow Foxegloue hath fomewhat fnort, broad, fmooth and darke 
 oreene leaues, fnipt or dented about the edges very finely : the ftalke is two foot high, 
 befet with fuch like leaues, but leffer: the flowers are rnoe in number then in any of the 
 reft, except the firft and greateft, and growe along the vpper part of the ftalke , being 
 long and hollow, liketheother, butvery fmall, and ofa pale yellow colouralmolt 
 white: the feede veffels are fmall like theformer, wherein are contained feede like 
 the reft, but fmaller: the rootes are ftringy , but durable, and feldome perifh with 
 anyiniuryof the extreameftfrofts. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 The great white kinde hath been often, and in many places found wilde 
 in our owne Country, among or hard by the common purple kinde. All 
 the reft are ftrangers, but cherifhed in our Gardens. 
 
 The 
 
C I be Cjarden of plea f ant timers. 
 
 *3 
 
 The Time. 
 
 They flower in Iune and Iuly, andfotne in Auguft, their feede bccom* 
 mine ripe quickly after. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 Onely the name Digitalis, is of all Writers giuen vnro thefe plants ; for 
 itisnotknownetobee remembredofanyofrheold Authors. Wee call 
 them generally in Engliih, Foxeglouc ; but fome (as thinking it to bee too ’ 
 foolilh a namcj doe call them Finger- flowers, becaufe they are like vnto the 
 fingers of a gtoue, the ends cut off. 
 
 Foxegloues are not vfed. in Phy ficke by any iudicious man that I know ; 
 yet fome Italians of Bononia, as Camerarius faith , in his time vfed it as a 
 wound herbe. 
 
 T Here be diuerskindes of Mullein, as white Mullein, blacke Mullein, wooddy 
 Mullein, bafe Mullein , Moth Mullein, and Ethiopian Mullein, all which to 
 diftinguifh or to deferibe, is neither my purpofe, nor the intent of this worke, 
 whichistoftorea Garden with flowers of delight, and (equefter others not worthy 
 of that honour. Thofe that are fit to bee brought to your confideration in this place, 
 are firft, the Blattarias, or Moth Mulleins , and then the wooddy Mullein , which o- 
 rherwife is called French Sage , and laftly, the Ethiopian Mullein, whofe beauty con- 
 fifteth not in the flower, but in the whole plant ; yet if it pleafe you not, take it accor- 
 ding to his Country fora Moore, an Infideli, a Slaue, and fo vfe it. 
 
 The yellow Moth Mullein whofe flower is fweete , hath many hard grayifh greenc 
 leaueslyingontheground,fomewhatlongandbroad, and pointed at the end : the 
 Italics are two or three foot high, withfome leaues on them, & branching out from the 
 middle vpwards into many long branches , ftored with many fmall pale yellow flow- 
 ers, of a pretty fweete lent, fomewhat ftronger then in the other forts, which feldome 
 giuethfeede, but abideth in the roote, lining many yearcs, which few or none of the 
 others doe. 
 
 2. Blattaria luta maiar [me Hif panica. The great yellow Moth Mullein. 
 
 This Spanifli kinde hath larger and greener leaues then the former, and rounder 
 and larger then the next that followeth: the ftalke is higher then in any of the Moth 
 Mulleins, being for the moft part foure or fiue foote high, whereon toward the toppe 
 growe many goodly yellow flowers, confiding of fiue leaues, as all the reft doe , not 
 fothicke fetas the former, but much larger, with fome fmall purplifh threads in the 
 middle: the ends whereof are fafhioned fomewhat like as if a Flie were creeping vp 
 the flower, which turne into round heads, fometimes two or three or more (landing 
 together, but vfually one, wherein lye fmall duskie feed : theroote is not great nor full 
 of threads, and doth perifh moft vfually hauing giuen feede, except chc Winter bee 
 very milde. 
 
 Chap. XCylll. 
 Verbafcam. Mullein. 
 
 i. Blattaria latex odorata. Sweete yellow Moth Mullein. 
 
 ■^.Slattarst 
 
The (garden of plea/ant blowers. 
 
 
 3 . BhtUrii lutee then vulgdtior. The ordinary yellow Moth Mullein. 
 
 This yellow Moth Mullein (which is the moll frequent in our Gardens) hath 
 longer, and narrower leaues then any of the former , and roundly notched or dented 
 on thcedgcSjofadarkcgrecne colour : the ftalke is fometimes branched, but moft 
 Viually fmgle, whereon ftand many gold yellow flowers, not fully fo large as the Spa- 
 nifhkinde, but with the like purple threads in the middle : the feede isfmall, and 
 contained in the like round heads, but alwaies eucryonefinglc by it felfe : the roote 
 perifheth eucry ycare that it beareth feede. 
 
 4 .'BUttaria flore luteo purpurefceitle.C loth of gold Moth Mullein. 
 
 The greateft point of difference betweene this and the laft deferibed, confifteth 
 chiefly in the colour of the flower, which in this is of the colour of cloth of gold, that 
 is, the ground yellow, and ouerfhadowed with a bright crimfon colour, which is a fine 
 colour of much delight: the threads in the middle are not fo purple red as in the for- 
 mer, but much about the colour of the flower : this is not fo willing to giue feede, and 
 will as hardly abide in the roote, and hath out of queftion rifen from the feede of the 
 former. 
 
 5 .Bltturia flore olio. White Moth Mullein. 
 
 The leaues of the white Moth Mullein are fomewhat like vntotheyellow,yet not 
 altogether fo much roundly notched about the edges , but rather a littledented, with 
 fhar per notches : the ftalke rifeth as high as the yellow, and hath now and then fome 
 branches about it : the flowers hereof arc pu re white, as large and great as the ordinary 
 yellow, or fomewhat larger, with the like purple threads in themiddle, as are in the 
 yellow : the feed is like the other ; the root perifheth in like maner, and willnot endure. 
 
 6. Blot turi* flore purpureo. Purple Moth Mullein . 
 
 The Purple Moth Mullein hath his leaues lying on the ground , broader and fhor- 
 ter then any oftheother,ofa more grayifh greene colour, and without any denting 
 for the moft part about the edges, fharpe pointed alfo at the end of the leafe; among 
 the leaues rifeth vp the ftalke, nor fo high as either the white or the yellow, and many 
 times branched , bearing many flowers thereon , of the fame fafliion, and no whit 
 fmaller, of a faire deepe ble wifti colour tending to redaeffe, the threads in the middle 
 ofthe flowers being yellow : the feede vcflels hereof are fomewhat fmaller then any 
 oftheformcr, exccptthefirft fweete yellow kinder the roote hereof is long, thicke, 
 andblackifhontheoutfide, abiding very well fromyearc toyeare, and rifeth well 
 alfo from the fo wing of the feede. 
 
 7 .Blattarie flere ceruleo. BlewMoth Mullein. 
 
 This blew Moth Mullein is in all refpedfs like vnto the former purple kinde, fauing 
 onely in the colour ofthe flower, which is of a blewifh violet colour, and is not much 
 inferiour either in greatneffe of the plant, orinthelargenefleof the flower, vote the 
 former purple kinde, and endureth many yeares in thelike manner. And thefe be all 
 t'nefortsofthiskindeofMoth Mullein, tbatl haue feeneandnourfcdvpfor this my 
 Garden, without interpofing any vnknowne, not feenc, or vnworrhy. 
 
 %.Verbtfcu>n pine {he flue quartum Mattbioli. 
 
 Wooddy Mullein or French Sage. 
 
 Wooddy Mullein or French Sage, hath diners wooddy branches two orthreefoot 
 high, very hoary or white, whereon atfeuerall toy nts ftand diuers thicke leaues, white 
 alfo and hoary, long, fomewhat broad, round pointed, and rough , fomewhat refem- 
 bling the leaues or Sage in the forme and roughnefTe, but aotiu the fent, whereof our 
 
 people 
 
‘The (jar den of pie a! ant ftcv crs. 385 
 
 pcoplegaueitthenameof Sage, calling it French Sage (when as it is asgreataftran- 
 ger in France as in England, yet they doe with this as with many other things, cal- 
 ling them French, which come from beyond the Seas ; as for example , all or moft of 
 our bulbous flowers, they call French flowers, &c.) at the toppes of the ftalkes and 
 branchcs,atcertainediftances, are placed round about them many gaping flowers, 
 like vnto the flowers of Sage , but yellow : after which now and then come feede, 
 fomewhat bigger then the Moth Mulleins, and lefle then the next Mullein of Ethiopia: 
 the roote is wooddy at the toppe, with diuers blackilh firings growing from it, and en- 
 dureth as well abouc ground with his leaues, as vnder it with his rootes. 
 
 9.*&thioj>U. Ethiopian Mullein. 
 
 This Mullein of Ethiopia hath many great, broad, and large leaues lying on the 
 ground, rent or torne in diuers of them very much on the fides, of fo hoary a white 
 grccnecolour,that it farre pafleth any of the white Mulleins, thatgrowe wilde abroad 
 in our o wne Country ; for they are of a yellowifh white hoarinefie , nothing fo plea- 
 fanttolookeonas this: in the middle of thefe leaues rileth vp a fquare ftrongftalke, 
 foure or flue foote high, fet full of fuch like leaues asgrowe belowe , but much lefier, 
 and lefier ftill vp to the toppe, all hoary and woolly, as the reft, and diuided into ma- 
 nie branches, fpreading farre, and taking vpagreatcompafieofground, more then 
 any one roote of Garden Clary, or other fuch like plant : at each of the ftalkes and 
 branches are fet two fmall leaues, and with them, round about the ftalkes, ftand many 
 fmall gaping flowers, of a pale bleakc blew colour : the feede is almoft as large as Gar- 
 den Clary feede , and of the fame forme and colour : the roote is wooddy , and peri- 
 fiiethasfooneasithathbornefeede, which is vfually the fecond yearc after the low- 
 ing ; for the firft yeare it feldome runneth vp to flower. 
 
 10. Lamium Pannonicum fine Ga/.copfis P annonica. 
 
 Hungary dead Nettle or theDragon flower. 
 
 Let mcethruft this plant into this place, rat her then make a peculiar Chapter, be- 
 caufel haue no other of the fame ftocke or kindred to be ioyned with it, and is a pretty 
 ornament in a Garden. The leaues whereof arevery large, round, andgveat, rough 
 or full of vcines, which make it feeme crumpled, dented or deepely notched about the 
 edges, and of a very darkegreene colour, andfometimesbrownilh , or of a darke 
 reddidi colour withall , eueryone Handing on a long foote-ftalke, very like in forme 
 vntothegreat white Arch- Angell leaues, but farre larger and blacker: theftalkesare 
 great and foure fquare, hauing leaues and flowers (landing round about them at the 
 ioynts like coronets, which flowers are very great, long, and wide gaping open, of a 
 darke red or purple colour, with fome whiteneffe or fpots in the iawes , and fome hai- 
 rinefie alfo on the fides, which ftand in full flower two or three moneths raoft vfually, 
 and fometimes longer, after which come brownifh feede : the roote is a great tuft or 
 bufhof long whitilh firings , and encreafeth euery yeare, not fearing the greateft 
 iaiuries of our coldeft and extreameft Winters. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 All thefe plants are ftrangers in our Countrey, andonely preferuedin 
 Gardens, tofurniih them with variety; but (as I faid) the cloth of gold 
 Moth Mullein hath been raifed from feed in our owne Country. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 The laft flowreth firft , before all the reft, beginning in Aprill. The 
 Moth Mulleins in May and Iune. The French Sage in Iuly. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 All the forts of Platt aria may bee comprehended vnder the kindes of 
 
 K k ferba/ium 
 
The (jar den of plea] ant Flowers. 
 
 ytrbafcum nigrum, as any one but meanely exercifed in the knowledge of 
 plants, may difcernc. Andalthough Pliniefairh, that Moths doe molt fre- 
 quently haunt where Platt ana either groweth , or is laid, yet it isnotob- 
 ferued lufficiendy in our Country fo to doe , notwithftanding the name of 
 Moth Mullein is generally giuen them. Thelaftis generally called with 
 vs Lamium Paonanicum, butcertainely it is the Galea fit maxima Pannanics 
 of Clufius. 
 
 The Venues. 
 
 Other qualities I haue not found hath been allotted vnto the Blattaria or 
 Moth Mullein, then thofeofPlinic,to engender Moths. Wccvfe none of 
 thefe plants in Phy ficke in thefe daies. 
 
 Chap. XCIX. 
 y alert an a. Valerian. 
 
 I* 
 
 v .-I. :m;i: -r;:oo % i 
 
 T He many forts of Valerian (or Set- wall as many doe call them) are fitter for a 
 generali worke, ora generali Phyficall Garden of Simples, then thisof dc- 
 lightfull flowers. I will therefore feledt out a few, worthy of the place , and 
 offer them to your confederations. 
 
 r . y alert ax a rubra Dtdtnxi. Red Valerian. 
 
 This Valerian hath diners hard , but brittle whiti/h grcenc ftalkes , rifing from the 
 rootc, full of tuberous or fweiling ioynrs, whereat (land two Icaues , on each fide one, 
 and now and then fome fmall leaues from betweene them , which arc fomewhat long 
 and narrow, broadeftinthemiddlc, and fmall at both ends, without either diuifion 
 orincifureontheedges,of a pale grecne colour : the ftalkes are branched at the top 
 into diuers parts , at the ends whereof ftand many flowers together , as it were in an 
 vrabellortuft, fomewhat like vnto the flowers of our ordinary Valerian , but with 
 longer neckcs, and of a fine red colour, very pleafant to behold, but of nofenrof any 
 Valerian : after thefe flowers haue ftood blownea very great while, they fodainely 
 fall away, and the feede is ripe very quickly after, which is whitifh , (landing vpon 
 the branches naked, as the Valerians doe, and very like vnto them , with a little white 
 dounc at the end of cueryoneof them, whereby they are foone carried away with 
 the winde : the roote is great, thicke.and white , continuing long , and (hooting out 
 new branches cuery yeare,and fmelling fomewhat like a Valerian. 
 
 a. N ardua MMana tuber ofa. Knobbed Mountaine Valerian. 
 
 Thiskindeof Valerian or Spiknard, if you will fo call it, hath his firft leaues lying 
 on the ground, without any diuifion in them at all, being fmooth, and of a dark greene 
 colour, which fo abide all the winter ; but thofe that fpring vp after, and when it run- 
 neth vp to flower, are cut in on the edges, very like vnto the iagged Icaues of the great 
 garden Valerian, and fo the elder they grow, the more cut and iagged they are : the 
 ftalkc and flowers are vet y like the ftalke with flowers of the garden Valerian, but of a 
 darke or deepe red colour, and more (lore of them thruft together, bydoublethe 
 number almoft : thefeedeis like the feede of the great Valerian : the root is tuberous, 
 or knobbed in many parts, round about, aboue and below alfo, with fome fibres (hoo- 
 ting from them, whereby it isencreafed,andfmellcth very like the roote of the garden 
 Setwall, or not altogether fo ftrong. 
 
 ^.yaletiaua 
 
The Cjarden of pfeafant Flowers. 38 7 
 
 i Bimaria fiortn’ba .Moth Mullein with «white Bower. % liUturinflorifurfipti Moth Mullein with a purple flower- iVttbafcun 
 .narium Matlhioh French Sage. 4 Ethiopian Mullein. J psierUna rubra Ood.n.i, Red Valerian. 6 y aleriana Gr*cd. 
 
 Greek Valerian, 7 UummV trkUiuium. Hungary dead Nettle. S ce/damnt fitn flint- Double Clicks* e flawer or Ladiei Itnoike. 
 
 j Kk 3 
 
;88 
 
 c f he garden of plea) ant Flowers. 
 
 3 . V tlerUna Grata. Greeke Valerian. 
 
 1 
 
 The Greek Valerian hath many winged leaues lying vpon the ground, that is, many 
 finall leaues fet on both fides of a middle ribbc.very like vnto the wildc Valerian that 
 groweth by the ditch fides, but much fmallcr and tenderer, among which rife vp one 
 or two round brittle ftalkes, two foote high or thereabouts, whereon are fee at the 
 ioynts, fuch like leaues as grow below, butfmaller : thetoppesof the ftalkes are di 
 uided into many fmall branches, thickc fet together, full with flowers, confiding of 
 nue fmall round leaues a peece, layd open like vnto the Cinqucfoile flower with fome 
 white threds in the middle,tipt with yellow pendents: the colour of thefe flowers in 
 fome plants, is of a fairebleake blew colour, and in others pure white ■ And I doe 
 heareof one beyond the Seas (if the report bee true, for I haue not feeoe fuch a one) 
 which fhould bearc red flowers : after the flowers are path, there come vp intheir pla- 
 ces finall hard huskes or heads, containing fmall bhckilh feedes : the roote is com- 
 pofedof a number of finall long blackilhthreds,faftened together atthe head with 
 out any fent at all of a Valerian, ey ther in roote or leafe 3 and why it thould bee called 
 a Valerian I fee no great reafon, foritagreeth withnoneof them, in flower or feede 
 and but onely with the wilde Valerian in leafe,as I faid before : but as it is, we fo giue 
 it you, and for the flowers fake is receiued into our gardens, to hclpe to fill vp the num- 
 ber of natures rarities and varieties. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 All thefe Valerians are fl rangers, but endenizond for their beauties fake 
 m our Gardens. The Mountaine Valerian I had of the liberaiitie of my 
 loumg friend Iohn Tradefcante, who in his trauaile, and fcarch of natures 
 varieties, met with it,and imparted thereof vnto me. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 They flower in the Summer moneths, and feed quickly after. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 The firft is generally called of mod, ralerhnarubraVedemi, who faith 
 alfo that fome would haue it to be Belie» rubrum. Some call it rderUntkon 
 others make it a kinde of OctmaBrnm , and forae SapenarU altera, vilih other 
 names, which are to no great purpofe to fet downe in this place it beeing 
 fitter for a generali worke to difcu(Teofnaraes,whcreinboth reading know- 
 ledgeand ludgement mud beefhewen,to coned errours,and fet downcthe 
 truth, that one may red thereon. The others haue their names in their titles 
 fumcien t to didinguifh them. 
 
 TheVertues. 
 
 - J^eMountaine Valerian is of all the the red here fet downe of mod vfe 
 m Phyficke, the red hauing little or none that I know, although it be much 
 weakerthenthegreatgardenkinde, or the Indian Nardus, inwhofedeed 
 anciently it was vfed,in oyles,oyntments, &c. 
 
 D 
 
 C H A P. C. 
 
 Car demise, Cuckow flowers, «r Ladies fmockes. 
 
 F the common forts of Cuckow flowers that grow by dirch-fides, or in moid 
 Imedowcs, & wet grounds, it is not my purpofe here to write, but of one or two 
 othcjfjthe mod fpecious or fake of all the tribe, that doe bed befit this garden. 
 
 i . Card amine 
 
T be (garden of plea/ant Plovers 
 
 1*9 
 
 1 . Car famine flore plent. Double Cuckow flowers. 
 
 The double cor famine hath a few winged leaucs, weake and tender, lying on the 
 ground, very like vnto the Angle medow kinde ; from among which rifeth vp a round 
 greene ftalke, fct here and there, with the like leaucs that grow below, the top wherof 
 hath a few branches, whereon ftand diuers flowers, euery one vpon a fmall footeftalk, 
 confifting of many fmall whitifh round leaues, a little daflit ouer with a (hew of blulh, 
 fet round together, which make a double flower : the rootc creepcth vnder ground, 
 fending forth fmall white fibres, and fhooteth vp in diuers places. 
 
 2 . Cirdtminc triftlU. T refoilc Ladies fmockes. 
 
 This fmall plant hath diuers hard, darke round greene leaues, fomewhat vneuen a- 
 bout the edges, alwayes three fet together on a blackifli fmall footdalke, among which 
 rife vp fmall round blackifh ftalkes, halfeafootehigh, with three fmall leaues at the 
 ioynts, wherethey branch forth; at the toppes whereofdand many flowers, confining 
 of foureleauesapeece,of a whitifh or blufh colour very pale : after which come vp 
 fmall, thicke and long pods, wherein is contained fmall round feede : the root is com- 
 pofed of many white threds,from the heads whereof runne out fmall flrings,of a dark 
 purple colour, whereby it encreafcth. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 The firn with the double flower is found in diuers places of our owne 
 Countrey, as neereMicham about eight miles from London; alfo in Lan- 
 cafliire, from whence I receiued a plant, which perilhed, but was found by 
 the induflrie of a worthy Gentlewoman, dwelling in thofe parts heretofore 
 remcmbred,calIedMiflrefleThomafinTunnall, agreat louerof thefedc- 
 lights.The other was fent me by my cfpecial good friend Iohn Tradefcante, 
 whobroughtit among other dainty plants from beyond theSeas, and im- 
 parted thereof a rootc to me. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 The lad mod vfually flowreth before the former, yet not much differing, 
 that is, in the end of Aprill or in May. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 The fird is a double kinde of that plant, that growing wilde abroade, is 
 vfually called Car famine altera , and Sifymbrium alterum of Diofcorides,and 
 of fome r Ut cuculi, but not fitly ; for that name is more vfually giuen vnto 
 the wilde featherd Campions,both finglc and doublets is before exprefTed: 
 yet for want of a fitter name, wee may call it in Hnglifh, cyther Cuckowe 
 flower,or Ladyes fmotkes,which you will. The fecond hath beene lent vn- 
 der the name of Sankula trifolia, but the mod frequent name now receiued, 
 is Car famine trifolia, and in Enghfh T refoile Ladies fpockes. 
 
 TheVertues. 
 
 The double Ladies fmockes are of the fame qualitie with the finglc, and 
 isthoughttobeaseffeiduallas Watercrefles. The propertie of the other I 
 thinke is not much knowne, although fome would make it a wound herbe. 
 
 Kk 3 
 
 • J 
 
 ClSAft 
 
‘T be (jar den of p leaf ant Flowers. 
 
 Chap. Cl. 
 
 TbUfpi Creticum. Candy Tufts. 
 
 O F the many forts of TbUfpi it is not the fcope of this worke to relate, I will fe- 
 ted but onely two or three, which for their beaucie are fit to bee inferred into 
 this garden. 
 
 TbUfpi Creticum vmteUetum flere site dr purpuree .' 
 
 Candy T ufts white and purple. 
 
 This fmall plant rifeth feldome aboue a footeand a halfe high,hauing fmall,narrow 
 long and whitilh greene leaues, notched or dented with three or foure notches’ on each 
 fide, from the middle to the point-wards ; from among which rife vp the (hikes 
 branched fromthebottomealmofl: intodiuers fmall branches, at the toppes whereof 
 (land many fmall flowers, thick thruft together in an vmbell or tuft, making them feeme 
 to be fmall, round, double flowers of many leaues, when as eucry flower is (ingle, and 
 ftandeth a part by it felfe,of a fairc white colour in fome plants, without any fpot,and 
 in others with a purplifh fpot in the centre or middle, as if fome ®f the middle leaues 
 were purple, in others againe the whole flower is purplifh all ouer,which make a pretty 
 (hew in a garden : the feedc is contained in many fmall and flat feed veffels, which (land 
 together in an vmbell, as the flowers did, in which arc contained fome what reddifh 
 feede, like vnto fome other forts of TbUfpi.aWei Treaklc Muftards : the rooteis fmall 
 and hard, and peri(heth euery yeare hauing giuen feede. 
 nurpiMirU We haue another fort, whofe leaues before it (endeth forth any ftalke, area little 
 
 *«««*>• toothed, or finely dented about the edges, and brancheth not fo much out, but carryeth 
 an vmbell of purplifh flowers like vnto the former, and paler yellow feede. 
 
 The Place! 
 
 Thefe doc grow in Spainc and Candie, not farre from the Sea fide . 1 
 ThcTime. 
 
 Thefe TbUfpi giue not their flowers vntill the end of Iune, or beginning 
 of Iuly,and the feed is ripe foone after. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 The firft is named by fome, Brett, or Ardis, as Dodonatus, but Brett 
 is another plant differing much from this. Wee call one fort, TbUfpi Creti- 
 cum, and the other TbUfpi Btticum mtriuum, becaufe the one came from 
 Spaine, and the other from Candy ; we giue it in Englifh, the name of 
 Tufts, becaufc it doth fit the forme of the flowers beft, although ordinarily 
 all the TbUfpi arc Englilhed Wilde Muftardes. 
 
 TheVertues. 
 
 Candy, or Spanifli Tufts, is not fo (harpe biting in tafte, as fome other 
 of the Thlafpies are, and therefore is not to be vied in medicines, where 
 Tbltjpi (hould be in the ftead thereof. 
 
The (garden of plea, / ant Flowers, 
 
 191 
 
 Ch ap. cii. 
 
 clematis. Clamberers, or Creepers. 
 
 H Ailing (hewed you all my (lore of herbes bearing fine flowers, letmeenow 
 bring to your consideration the reft of thofeplants, be they Shrubs or Trees, 
 that are cherifhed in our garden, for the beauty of their flowers chiefly, or for 
 fome other beautifull refpeftiand firft I will begin with fuch as creepe on the ground 
 without diming, and then fuch as clime vp by poles, or other things, thatarefecof 
 grow neere them, fit to make Bovvers, and Arbours, or elfe arelikc them in forme, in 
 name, or fome other fuch qualitie or propertic. 
 
 I .Clematis Daphnoides , ft at Fine a peruinca fimplex miner diner forum colorum , 
 
 Single Perwinkle of diuers colours. 
 
 The fmaller Perwinkle which not onely groweth wilde in many places, but is moft 
 vfuall in our Gardens, hath diuers creeping branches, tray ling or running vpon the 
 ground, (hooting out fmall fibres at the ioy nts, aS it ereepeth, taking thereby hold in 
 the ground, and raoteth in diuers places : at the ioyntsof thefe branches (land two 
 fmall darke greene (hining leaues, fomewhat like vnto (mall Baye leaues, but fmaller, 
 and at the ioy nts likewife with the leaues,come forth the flowers, one at a ioy nt, (lan- 
 ding vpon a tender footeftalke, being fomewhat long and hollow, parted at the brims, 
 fometimes intofoure leaues, and fometimes intofiue, the moft ordinary fort is of a 
 pale or bleakc blew colour, but fome are pure white, and fome of a darke reddifb pur- 
 ple colour: the root is in the body ofit, little bigger then a rufli, bulhing in the ground, 
 and creeping with his branches farre about, taking roote in many places, whereby in 
 quickely poflefleth a great compafle ; and is therefore moft: vfually. planted vnder 
 hedges, or where it may haue roomc to runne. 
 
 2 . Vinca peruinca flore duplici purpureo. 
 
 Double purple Perwinkle. 
 
 The double Perwinkle is like vnto the former (ingle kinde, inall things except in 
 the flower, which is of that darke reddilh purple colour that is in one of the (ingle 
 kindes 5 butthis hath another row of leaues within the flower, fo that the two rowes 
 of leaues caufcth it to be called double, but the leaues of thefearelefter then the (in- 
 gle. I haue heard of one with a double white flower, but I haue not yet feene it. 
 
 3 . Clematis Daphnoides fiue Peruinca maior , 
 
 The greater Perwinkle. 
 
 This greater Perwinkle is fomewhat like the former, but greater, yet his branches 
 creepenot in that manner, but (land more vpright, or lefte creeping at the lead : the 
 leaues alfo hereof (land by couples at the ioynts, but they are broader and larger by 
 the halfe : the flowers are larger, confiding of fiue leaues that are blew, a little deeper 
 then the former blew : this plant is farretenderer to keepe then the other, and there- 
 fore would (land warme, as well as in a moift (hadowie place. 
 
 4. Clematis altera fiue vrens flore albo. 
 
 Burning Clambercr, or Virgins Bower. 
 
 This Caufticke or burning Climer, hath very long andcliming tender branches,’ 
 yet fomewhat woody below, which winde about tbofe things that (land neere it, co- 
 uered with a brownilh greene barke, from the ioynts whereof (hoote forth many 
 winged leaues, confiding for the moft part of fiue Angle leaues, thatis, twoandtwa 
 together, and one at the end, which are a little cut in or notched on the edges here and 
 
 there, 
 

 7 he (jar den of p lea} ant Flowers. 
 
 there, but euery part of them is letter then the leaues of the next following Climer, 
 without any clafping tendrels to winde about any thing at all : towards the vpper part 
 of the branches, with the faid leaucs,come forth long ftalks,wheron ftand many white 
 flowers cluttering together, opening the brims into fixe or eight fntall lcaucs, fprea- 
 dinglikeaftarre, vcryfweetof fmell, or rather of a ftrOng heady fent, which after 
 turne into flattifh and blackifb feede, plumed at the head, which plume or feather fly- 
 eth away with the winde after it hath flood long, and leaueth the feede naked orbare : 
 the roote is white and thicke, flefhie and tender, or cafic to be broken, as my felfe can 
 well teftifie, in that defiring to take a fucker from the roote, I could not handle 
 itfotenderly, but that it broke notwithftanding all my care. Matter Gerard in his 
 Herbal! maketh mention of one of this kinde with double white flowers, which hee 
 faith he recoucred from the feede was fent him from Argentine, that is Strasborough, 
 whereof hee fetteth forth the figure with double flowers : but Ineuerfawanyfuch 
 with him, neither did I euerheare of any of this kinde with double flowers. Clufius 
 indeed faith, that hee receiucd from a friend fome feede vndcr the name of clematis 
 fiorc albtfleno : but hedoubteth whether there bee any fuch : the plants that fprang 
 with him from that feede, were like vnto the vpright kinde called fiammila Mauhioli, 
 or louis crests, as he there faith : but afliiredly 1 hauebeeneinformed from fome of my 
 cfpeciall friends beyond Sea, that they haue a double white Clematis, and hauc promi- 
 fed to fend ir ; but whether it will be of the climing or vpright fort, Icannottell vntill 
 I fee it : but furely I doe much doubt whether the double will giue any good feede. 
 
 j . Clematis altera fine feregrina flore rubra. Red Ladies Bower. 
 
 This Climer hath many limber and wcake climing branches like the former, coue- 
 red with a browne thin outer barke, andgrecnevnderneath : the leaues ftandatthe 
 ioynts, confiding but of three leaues or parts, whereof fome are notched on one fide, 
 and fome on both.withoutany clafping tendrels alfo, but winding with his branches 
 about any thing ftandeth next vnto it : the flowers in like manner come from the fame 
 ioynts with the leaues, but not fo many together as the former vpon long footftalkes, 
 confiding of foure leaues a peece, (landing like a crofle, of adarke red colour ; the 
 feed is flat and round, and pointed at the end, three or foure or more (landing ciofe to- 
 gether vpon one ftalk, without any doune vponthera at all, as in the former : the roots 
 are a bundell of brownifh yellow ftrong firings, running down deep into the ground, 
 from a bigge head aboue. 
 
 6. Clematis feregrina flare far fare a fimfltti. 
 
 Single purple Ladies Bower. 
 
 ThisLadies Bower differeth in nothing fromthelaft deferibed, butonely inthe 
 colour of the flower, which is of a fad blcwifh purple colour ; fo that the one is not 
 poflible to be known from the other, vntill they be in flower. 
 
 7 . Clematis feregrina flare farfarea flena. 
 
 Double flowred purple Ladies Bower. 
 
 This double Clematis hath branches and leaues fo neere rcfembling thefingle kinds, 
 that there can be knowne no difference, vnleffe it be, that this groweth moregoale and 
 great, and yceldeth both more (lore of branches from the ground, and morefpreading 
 aboue : the chiefeft markc to diftinguifh it is the flower, which in this is very thicke 
 and double, confiding of a number of fmallcr leaues, fet ciofe together in order in the 
 middle, the foure outermoft leaues that encompafle them, being much broader and 
 larger then any of the inward, but all of a dull or fad blewifli purple colour, the points 
 orendsof the leaues feeminga little darker then the middle of them : thisbeareth 
 no feede that eucr I could fee, heare of, or learns by any of credit, that haue nourfed 
 it a great while j and therefore the tales of falfe deceitfull gardiners, and others, that 
 diliuer fuch for truth, to dcceiueperfons ignorant thereof, mutt not beecreduloufly 
 
 entertained. 
 
 In 
 
'I be (jar den of plea) ant Movers. 39 ; 
 
 In the great booke of theGarden of thcBifhopof Eyftot (which place is neere ckmttk ftr ^ 
 vnto Norcmberg)in Germany, I rcadc of a Clcmatit of this former kinde, whole fi- gnuf.J, ar- 
 gute is thereto-aho annexed, with double flowers of an incarnate, or pale purple ten- 
 ding to a blufli colour, whereof I hauc not heard from any other place; 
 
 S. FltmmhU limit erttti, Vpright Virgins Bower. 
 
 This kinde of demuta hath diuers more vpright ftalkes then any of the fourelaft 
 deferibed, fometimes fourcor flue footehigh , or mote ; yet leaning or bending a lit- 
 tle, fothat it had fotneneedeof fuftaining, couered with a browniih barkejfrom 
 whence come forth on all (ides diuers winged leaues,confifting of flue or feuen Ieaues, 
 fet on both (ides of a middle ribbe , whereof one is at the end : the tops of the ftalkes 
 arediuided into many branches, bearing many white fweet fmelling flowers on them, 
 like in fafhion vnto the white Virgins Bower ; after which come fuch like feather tope 
 f«ede,whichremaineand (hew themfelues, being flat like the other, when theplumes 
 are blowne abroad : the roote fpreadeth in the ground from a thicke head, into many 
 long firings, and fafteneth it felfe ftrongly in the earth; but all the ftalkes dye downe 
 euery yearc, and fpringafrelhin the beginning of the next. 
 
 p.clemttiiuruleu Ptnttettic a. The Hungarian Climer. 
 
 The ftalks of this plant ftand vpright, & are foure fquare,bearing at euery joy nt two 
 Ieaues, which at the firft are clofed together, and after they are open, are foraewhat like 
 vnto the Ieaues of AfclepiM, or Swallow- wort : from the tops of the ftalks, and fome- 
 times alfo from the fidc-sby the Ieaues commeth forth one flower, bending the head 
 downward, confiding offoure leaues,fomewhat long & narrow,ftanding likeacrofle, 
 andturningvp their ends a little againe, of a faire blew or skie colour, withathickc 
 paleyellowihortthrumme, madelike a head in the middle rafter the flower is paft, 
 the head turneth into fuch a like round feather topt ball, as is to be feene in theTra- 
 uellersioy, or rwwa (as it is called) that groweth plentifully in Kent, and in other 
 places by the way fides, and in the hedges, wherein is included fuch like flat feede; 
 Thcfeftalkes(likeasthclaft)dyedowneto the ground euery yeare, and rife againe 
 in the Spring following, (hooting oat new branches, and therby encreafeth in the root; 
 
 10. Murtctc fiue Ciemutu Virginian*. The Virginia Climer. 
 
 Becaufethisbraueand too much defired plant dothin fome things refemble the 
 former Climers, (o that vnto what other family or kindred I might better conioyne it 
 I know not ; let me I pray infert it in the end of their Chapter, with this dcfcription.lt 
 rifeth out of the ground (very late in the yeare, about the beginning of May, ifitbca 
 plant hath rifenfrom the feed of ourownefowing,andif it be an old one, fuch as hath 
 been brought to vs from Virginia, not till the end thereof) with a round ftalke, not a- 
 boue a yard and a halfe high (in any that I hauc feene) but in hotter Countries, as fomc 
 Authors haue fet it downe, muchhighet, bearing one leafe at euery ioynt , which 
 from thegrouud to the middle thereof hath no clafpers, but from thence vpwards 
 hath at the fame ioynt with the leafe both a fmall twining clafper, like vnto a Vine, and 
 a flower alfo : euery leafe is broad at the ftalke thereof, and diuided about the middle 
 on both (ides, making it fomewhat refemble aFiggc leafe, ending in three points, 
 whereof the m iddlemoft is longeft : the bud of the flower, before it doe open , is very 
 like vnto the head or feede vcffcll of the ordinary (ingle NigelU , hauing at the head or 
 top fiue fmall crooked homes, which when this, bud openeth,are the ends or points of 
 fiue Ieaues, that are white on the infide, and lay themfelues flat, like vnto an Anemone, 
 andarealittlehollowlikeafcoope atthe end, with fiue other fmaller Ieaues, and 
 whiter then they lying betweene them, whichwerc hid in the bud before it opened, 
 fo that this flower being full blowne open, confifteth of ten white Ieaues , laide in or- 
 der round one by another : fromthebottomeofthefeleauesonthcinfide, rifediuers 
 twined threads, which fpread and lay themfelues all ouer thefe white Ieaues, reaching 
 beyond the points of them a little, atyl are of a reddilh peach colour: towards the bot- 
 
 tornes 
 
39 + 
 
 The (jar den of plea) 'ant tlowers. 
 
 tomes likcwife of thefe white lcaues there are two red circles , about the breadth of 
 an Otenftrawc , one diftant from another (and in fome flowers there is but one circle 
 feen) which addeagreat grace vnto the flower ; for the white leaues (hew their colour 
 through rhe peach coloured threads, and thefe red circles or rings vpon them being 
 alfo perfpicuous, make a tripartite (hew 
 of colours moft delightfull : the middle 
 partofthis flower is hollow, and yellow- 
 i(h ; in the bottome whereof rifeth vp an 
 vmbone,or round (tile, fomewhat bigge, 
 of a whitifh greene colour, fpotted with 
 reddilh fpots like the ftalkes of Dragons, 
 with Sue round threads or chiues , Spot- 
 ted in the like manner, and tipc at the 
 ends with yellow pendents , (landing a- 
 bout the middle part of the faid vm- 
 bone,and from thence riling higher, en- 
 deth in three long crooked homes moft 
 vfually (but fometi mes in foure , as hath 
 beeneobferued in Rome by DhAldinc, 
 that fet forth fome principali things of 
 Cardinali Farnefius his Garden) fpotted 
 like the reft , hauing three round greene 
 buttons at their ends : thefe flowers are 
 of a comfortable fweete fent, very ac- 
 ceptable, which perifh without yeelding 
 fruit with vs,beeaufe it flowreth fo late : 
 but in the naturali place, and in hot 
 Countries, it beareth a fmall round whi- 
 tifh fruit, with a crowne at the toppe 
 thereof, wherein is contained(whiIe it is 
 fre(h,an d before it be ouer dricd)afweet 
 liquor, but when itisdry,thefcedc within it, which is fmall, flat, fomewhat rough 
 and blacke, will make a ratling noife : the rootes are compofed of a number of excee- 
 ding long and round yellowilh brownc firings, fpreading farre abroad vnder the 
 ground (I haue feene fome rootes that hauebeene brought ouer, that wereaslongas 
 any rootes of Strft ptrillt, and a great dcale bigger, which to be handfomely laid into 
 the ground, werefaineto becoyled like a cable) and (hooting vp in fcuerall places a 
 good diftancc one from another, whereby it may be well cncreafed. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 The firft blew Perwinkle groweth in many Woods and Orchards , by 
 the hedge (ides in England, and fo doth the white here and there, but the 
 other fingle and double purple are in our Gardens onely. The great Per- 
 winkle groweth in Prouence of France, iuSpaine, and Italy, and other 
 hot Countries, where alfo groweall the twining Clambercrs, as well fingle 
 as double : but both the vpright ones doe grow^a-Hungary and therea- 
 bouts. The furpafling delight of all flowers caJwftjiji Virginia. Wee 
 preferue them all in our Gardens. 
 
 The Time. ^ 
 
 The Perwinkles doe flower in March and Aprill- The Climcrs not vn- 
 tiIltheendofIune,orinIuly, and fometimes in Auguft. The Virginian 
 fomewhat later in Auguft ; yet fometimes I haue kno wne the flower to (hew 
 itfelfeinluly. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 The firft is out of queftion chefirft Clmutis of Diofcorides, and called of 
 
 many 
 
 Thelefuites Figure of the Maracoc. 
 
 Christi Passionis Imago. 
 
The (jar den 0/ pie a f ant P (otters. 
 
 191 
 
 plici. SinolePtrwmkle. j Virtu feruinct flare dup'.ici. Double Perwiry’.e, 
 niAn-fm fimpliei. The fin ? le Ladle. Bowes. 6 clemW {rtfem* fan 
 chnutis yiegiit’ant: The Virgiaia*disrer. 
 
 
2^6 7 he Cjarden of pleafant Flowers. 
 
 many Clematis Dapbnoides (but not that plant that is (imply called Daphnct- 
 des, for that is Laureola) and is vfually called Flnca pervtnca; but it is not 
 Chamadaphne, for that is another plant, as (hall be (hewed in his place ; fome 
 call it Centunculus : In Englifh wee call it Perwinkle. The other is Clematis 
 dltcra of Diofcorides, and is called alio C It mat is peregrina , whole diflineti- 
 ons are fetdowne in their titles : In Englifh, Ladies Bower, or Virgins 
 Bower, oecaufe they arc (it to growe by Arbours, to couer them. The (irlt 
 vpright Clambcrer is called , and that rightly of fome, Clematis erecta, or 
 furretla. Ofothcrs, flammula frutex, and Flammula louis, or furrccla : In 
 Englilh, Vpright V irgins Bower. The next is called by Clufius , Clematis 
 Pan seme. i cxrulea , who thought it to be Climeni fpccies, by the relation ofo- 
 thers,atthe firft.but after entituled it, Clematis : In Englifh , the Hungarian 
 Climer. The laft may be calledin Latine, Clematis Firginiana : In Englifh, 
 The Virgin or Virginian Climer ; of the Virginians, Maracoc ; of the Spa- 
 niards in the Weft Indies Granadilie, becaufe the fruit (as is before faid) is in 
 fome faftiion like a fmall Pomegranate on the outfidc ; y et the feede within 
 is flattilh, round, and blackifh. Some fuperftitious Iclu-ite would fainc make 
 men bcleeue, that in the flower of this plant are to be fecne all the markes of 
 our Sauiours Paflion ; and therefore call it Flos Fa/s isms; and to that end 
 haue caufed figures to be drawne„and printed, with all the parts pro portio- 
 ned out, as thornes, nailes, fpeare, whippe, pillar, &c. in it , and [all as true 
 as the Sea burnes, which you may well perceiue by the true figure , taken to 
 the life of the plant, compared with the figures fet forth by thelefuites, 
 which I haue placed here like wife for euery one to fee : butthefe bee their 
 aduantagious lies (which with them are tolerable, or rather pious and meri- 
 torious) wherewith theyvfeto inftrudt their people; but I dare fay, God 
 neucr willed his Priefts to inftrudt his people with lyes ;fbr they come from 
 the Diuell, the author ofthem. Butyoumayfaylambefidemy Text, and 
 I am in doubt you will thinkc, I am in this befidcs my fclfe , and (o nothing 
 to be beleeued herein that I fay. For, for the moft part , it is an inherent cr- 
 rourinallof that fide, to beleeue nothing, be it neuer fo true , that any of 
 our fide fhall affirme,that contrarieth theaflertions of any of their Fathers, 
 as they call them : but I muft referre them to God, and hce knoweththe 
 truth, and will reforme or deforme them in his time. In regard whereof 
 I could not but fpcake (theoccafion being thus offered) againft filch an er- 
 roneous opinion (which euen D r . Aldineat Rome, before remembred, dif- 
 proued, and contraried both the faid figures and name) and feck to difprouc 
 it, as doth (I fay not almoft,butI am afifaid altogether) leade many to adore 
 the very pifture of fuch things, as arc but the fictions of fuperftitious brains: 
 for the flower it felfe is farre differing from their figure, as both Aldinein 
 theaforefaidbooke, andRobinusat Paris in his Theatrum Flora, doefec 
 forth ; the flowers and leaues being drawneto the life,and there exhibited, 
 which I hope may fatisfie all men, that will not be perpetually obftinateand 
 contentious. 
 
 The Vertues. 
 
 Coftatus faith hee hath often feene , that the leaues of Perwinkle held it) 
 the mouth , hath flayed the bleeding at the nofe. The French doe vfe it to 
 flay the menflruall fluxes. The other are caufticke plants, that is, fiery hot, 
 and bliftering the skinne ; and therefore (as Diofcorides faith) is profitable 
 to takeaway the feurfe, leprye, or fuch like deformities of the skin. What 
 property that of Virginia hath, is not knowne to any with vs I thinke, more 
 then that the liquorin the greene fruit is pleafant in tafte ; but afiurcdly it 
 cannot be without fomefpeciall properties, if they were knowne. 
 
 Chap. 
 
The Qarden of pie af ant timers. 
 
 P7 
 
 Chap. Cllt. 
 
 CbtmtUs. Dwat'fc Spurge Oliue, or Dwarfs Baye. 
 
 I Hauc three forts otchamnUa to bring to your confideration, euery one differing 
 notably from other . two of them of great beauty in their flowers, as well as in the 
 whole plant : the third abiding with greene leaues , although it haue no beauty in 
 the flower, yet worthy of-the place it holds. And vnto thefe I mud adioy ne another 
 plant, as comming neared vnto them in the brauery of the flowers. 
 
 I . chtm tlxa Germanica fine Mez.tr eon fierihue Jilatitrii coUru fatur attiriu 
 D warfc Baye, or flowring Spurge Oliue. 
 
 We haue two forts of this Spurge Oliue or Dwafe Baye , differing onely in the co- 
 lour of the flowers. They both rifevp withathicke wooddy ftemme,fiueor fix foot 
 high fometimes, or more, and of the thickneffe (if they be very old) of a mans wreft ac 
 the ground, fpreading into many flexible long branches, couered with atough grayifh 
 barke, befet with fmall long leaues, fomewhat like vnto Priuet leaues, but fmaller and 
 paler, and in a mannerround pointed : theflowers are fmall, confiding of foure leaues, 
 many growing together fometimes, and breaking out of the branches by themfclues: 
 in the one fort of a pale red at the firft blowing, and more white afterwards ; theothcr 
 of a deeper red in the bloflome, and continuingof a deeper red colour all the time of 
 the flowring, both of them very fweete in fmell : after the flowers are pad , come the 
 berries, which are greene at the fird, and very.rcd afterwards, turning blackifh red, if 
 they fiand too long vpon the branches : the rootes lpread into many tough long bran- 
 ches , couered with a yellowilh barke. 
 
 a . Chtm.eUt Alpina. Mountaine Spurge Oliue. 
 
 This Mountaine Laurell rifeth vp with a fmall wooddy ftemme, threeor foure foo; 
 high, or more , branching forth towards the vpper parts into many flender and tough 
 branches, couered with a rough hoary greene barke, bclet at the ends thereof with 
 flatter, fuller, and fmaller round pointed leaucsthenthe former, ofagrayilh greene 
 colour on the vpperfide, and hoary vnderneath, which abide on the branches in 
 Winter, and fall not away as the former : the flowers are many fet together at the ends 
 ofthe branches, greater then the former,and confiding of foure leaues a peece , of & 
 light blufh colour, danding in fmall grayifn huskes, ofUttle or no fent at all : the fruit 
 followeth, which are fmall longgrainesorberries,ofan excellent red colour, which 
 afterwards turncblacke : therooteislong, and fpreadeth about vnder the vpper pare 
 of the earth. 
 
 3 .cbamxUa trtcocces. Widowe Wayle. 
 
 This three berried Spurge Oliue hath no great demme at all, but the whole plant 
 fpreadeth from the ground into many flexible tough greene branches, whereon arc fee 
 diuers narrow, long, darkc greene leaues all alongthe branches , which abide greene 
 all the Winter : the flowers arc very fmall, fcarcc co be feene, and come forth between 
 theleauesandthedalke,ofapaleyellow colour, made of three leaues ; after which 
 come fmall blackifh berries , three vfually fet together : the roote fpreadeth it felfe in 
 the ground not very farre, being hard and wooddy, and often dyeth, if it bee not well 
 defended from the extremity of our lharpe Winters. 
 
 4. Cneerum Matthialt. Small RockeRofes. 
 
 I was long in doubt in what place I fhould difpofe of this plant,whether among the 
 Campions, as Bauhinus, or among thefe, as Clufius doth ; but led my Gorden fhould, 
 want it wholly, let it take vp roomc for this time here. This gallant plant hath diuers 
 
 L 1 long. 
 

 Hire albt. 
 
 The (garden of pie a f ant Flowers. 
 
 long, weake, (lender, but yet tough branches lying vpon the ground, diuided vfually 
 into other fmaller branches, whereon growe many, (mall, long, and fomewhat thickc 
 leaues , fomewhat like vnto the leaues of the former Mezereen, fet without any order 
 to the very tops , from whence doe come forth a tuft of many fmall flowers together, 
 madeor confiding of foure leaues a peece,of a bright red or carnation colour, and very 
 fweetewithall, which turne into lmall round whitifh berries, whereinis contained 
 fmall round ieede , coucred with a grayifh coate orskinne: therooteislongandyel- 
 lowifli, fpreading diuers way es vnder the ground , and abideth many yeares (hooting 
 forfh new branches. 
 
 Ithathbeeneobferuedin fomeof thefe plants, to bring forth white flowers, not 
 differing in any thing elfe. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 The firft forts growe plentifully in many places of Germany. The fe- 
 condinthe raountaines by Sauoye. The third in Prouenceand Spaine. 
 The laft in diuers parts of Germany, Bohemia, and Auftria, and about 
 Franckford. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 The two firft forts are mod vfually in flower about Chriftmas , or inla- 
 nuary, if the weather be not violent, and fometimes not vntill February. 
 Thefecondflowrethnot vntill Aprill. The third in May. The berriesof 
 them ripen fomc in Iunc and Iuly ; fome in Auguft and September , as 
 their flowring is earlier or later. Thelaftflowreth as well in the Spring as 
 in Autumne, fo apt and plentifull it is in bearing, and the feede at both 
 times doth ripen foonc after. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 The firft is called oKomcCbxmalag, with this addition Germanica , that 
 it may differ from the third, which is the true cbamxUx of Diofcorides, 
 as all the bed Authors doeagree, and is alfo called Piper mentanum of the 
 Italians. It is generally called Mezxreon , and is indeede the true Mezerem 
 of the Arabians, and lb vfed in our Apothecaries (hops, wherefocuerthe 
 Arabians Mczcreen is appointed, although the Arabians are fo intricate and 
 vneertainein the deferiptions of their plants, confounding CbamxUx and 
 T^W,«4together.Matthiolus maketh it to be Dapbnotdes of Diofcorides ; 
 but in my opinion he is therein miftaken : for all our bed moderne Wri- 
 ters doe account our Lauretta , which hath blacke berries , to bee the true 
 Dapinet des : tbcerrour of his Countrey might peraduenture drawe him 
 thereunto; but if hcc had better confidered the text of Diofcorides, that 
 giueth black berries to Dapbnoides , and red to Chamxdapbne^e. would not fo 
 hauc written; and truly, I fhould thinke(as Lobel doth) with better reafon, 
 that this CbamxUa were Diofcorides Cbamxdapbne , then hee to fay it were 
 Dxpbntidcsfoi the defeription of Cham* daphne , may in all parts be very fitly 
 applyedto this ChamaUa : and tuen thefe words, Semen annexum folijs, 
 wherein may bethegreateftdoubtin the defeription, maynotvnfitly bee 
 conftrued, that as is feene in the plant, the berries growe at the foote of the 
 leaues, about the branches: the faculties indeede that Diofcorides giueth 
 • to Cbamadapbne , are (if any repugnande be) the greateft let or hinderance, 
 
 thztthisChamxlaafhouldnot be it : butlleaue the difeufling of thefeand 
 others of the like nature, to our learned Phyfitians 5 for I deale not fo much 
 with vertues as with deferiptions. The fecond is called of Lobel CbamxUx 
 Alpina incxna.of Clufius chamxUa fecunda, and faith lice had it out of Italy. 
 Wee may call it in Engli(h,Mountaine Spurge OIiue,as it is in the deferip- 
 tion, or Mountaine Laurel!, which you will. Thelafthath thenameof 
 Cneorum, firft giuen it by Matthiolus, which fince is continued by all others. 
 Bauhinus (as I faid) referred! it to the Mountaine Campions, but Clufius 
 
 (as 
 
The (jar den of pie af ant Flowers. 
 
 W9 
 
 , teonorDwirfcBiy. » C WW^ftMounfam SjWgi OII«. , nitnm MWhi.li.S™\\, 
 
 Chcrrictrcc* 4 u ' ,rHsr ‘» u, l me The wild Bajr j Qkotd'^.cLMt* A./m. T(lc Role Buj tree. 4 Laurumf *. The Baj 
 
7 he (jar den of plea [ant Mowers. 
 
 (as I doc) to thckindes of chtmtlad or TbjmtUd. ForwantoF an Englifli 
 narae I haue (as yon fee, and that is according to the name the Germane wo- 
 men, as Clufius faith, doc call it) cntituledictheSmall Rocke Rofe ; which 
 may abide vntill a fitter may be conferred vpon it. 
 
 The Vertues. 
 
 All thefe plants exceptthe laft, as well leaues as berries, are violent pur- 
 gers, and therefore great caution istobcehadinthevfcof them. Thclaft 
 hath not beene applyed for any difeafe that I know. 
 
 Chap. CIII. 
 
 Laurus. The Bay Tree. 
 
 M Y mean ing is not to make any defeription of our ordinary Bayes in this place 
 (for as all may very well know, they may be for an Orchard or Courtyard, and 
 not for this Garden) but of two or three other kindcs,whofe beautifull alped 
 haue caufed them to be worthy of a place therein : the one is called Launta Tsniu , The 
 wilde Baye : the other Laurua Rofe a or Oletndtr, The Rofe Bay : and a third is 
 Lturocerifut, The Cherry Bay ; which may haue not onciy fome refpedt for his long 
 bulhof fweet duelling flowers, but efpecially for the comely ftatclineffe of his gal- 
 lant euer frefli greenc leaues ; and the rather, becaufewith vs in m oft places, it doth 
 \>\itfrutefccrc, vfetobeeShrub high, not arborefeere, T ree high, which is the more fit 
 for this Garden. 
 
 i. L turns Tinus put filuejlris. The wilde Bay tree. 
 
 This wilde Bayegroweth feldometo bee a tree of any height, butabideth for the 
 molt part low, (hooting forth diuers (lender branches , whereon at euery ioynt 
 (land two leaues, long, (mocth,and of a darkcgrecne colour, fomewhatlike vnto chc 
 leauesof the Female Cornell tree, or between that and Baye leaues : atthetoppesof 
 the branches (land many (mall white fweetefmelling flowers, thrufting together, as it 
 were in an vmbell or tuft, confiding of fiue leaues a peece, the edges whereof haue a 
 fhew of a wa(h purple,or light blufh in them, which for the mod part fall away with- 
 out bearing any perfect ripe fruit in eur Countrey : Y et fometimes it hath fmall black 
 berries, as if they weregood, but arenot. In his naturali place it bearcth fmall, round, 
 hard and pointed berries, of a (hining blacke colour, for fuch haue come often to my 
 hands (yet Clufius writeth they are blew) ; but I could neuer fee any fpring that I put 
 into the ground. Thisthatlheredefcribe, feemerhtometobeneitherof boththofe 
 that Clufius (aw growing in Spain and Potugall,but that other, that(as he faith )fprang 
 in the low Councrcyes of Italian feede. 
 
 2. Laurus Rtfea fine Oleander. The Rofe Bay. 
 
 Of the Rofe Bay there are two forts, one bearing Crimfon coloured flowers, which 
 Is more frequent, and the other white, which is more rare.They are fo like in all other 
 things, that they neede but one defeription for both. The delimit or trunke is many 
 times with vs as bigge at the bettome as a good mans thumbe,but growing vp fmallcr, 
 icdiuideth it felfe into branches, three for the mod part comming from one ioynt or 
 place, and thofe branches againe doe likewife diuide themfclucs into three other, and 
 fo by degrees from three to three, aslongasitgroweth : the lowed: of thefe are hart 
 of leaues, hauingfhedorlodthemby the cold of winters, keeping onciy leaues on 
 the vppermofl branches, which are long, and fomewhat narrow, like in forme vnto 
 Peach leaues, but thicker, harder, and of a darkegreenc colour otuhe vpperfide, and 
 
 yellowifb 
 
T be Cj arden of plea/ant t loners* 
 
 ycllowirti greene vnderncath : at the tops of the young branches come forth the flow- 
 ers, which in the one fort before they are open, are of an excellent bright crimfon co- 
 lour, and being blowen, confift of foure long and narrow leaues, round pointed, 
 fomewhat twining themfelues, of apalerred colour, almofttendingtoblulh, and in 
 the other are white, thegreene leaues alfo being of a little frefher colour : after the 
 flowers are part, in the hot countries,but neuer in ours, there come vp long bending or 
 crooked flat pods, whofe outward (hell is hard, almofl: woody, and of a bro wne co- 
 lour, wherein is contained (mall flat bfowniflifeede, wrapped in a great deale of a 
 brownifli yellow doune, as fine almoft as filkc, fomewhatlikevntothe huskesof Af. 
 cltfuts , or Periploca, but larger, flatter and harder ; as my felfe can reftifie, who had 
 fomeof the pods of this Rofe bay, brought meeout of Spaine, by Matter Dodtor 
 IohnMorc, the feedes whereof I fowed, and had diuers plants that I raifed vp vnto 
 a rcafonable height, but they require, as well old as young, to beedefended from the 
 colde of our winters. 
 
 This beautifull Bay in his naturali place of growing, groweth to beea tree of a rea- 
 fonable bignelfe and height, and oftentimes with vs alfo if it bee pruined from the 
 lower branches ; but more vfually in thefe colder Countries, it groweth as a flirub or 
 hedge bufh, (hooting forth many branches, whereof the greater and lower arc couered 
 with a darkegrayifh greene barke, but the young ones are very greene, whereon are 
 fet many goodly, faire, large, thicke and long leaues, a little dented about the edges, 
 of a more excellent frefh (hining greene colour, and farre larger then any Bay leafe, 
 and compared by many to the leaues of the Ptmtritron tree (which becaufe wee haue 
 none in our Countrey , cannot be fo well known)both for colour and largenefle, which 
 yecld a raoft gracefull afped : it beareth long ftalkes of whitifli flowers, at the ioynts 
 of the leaues both along the branches and towards the ends of them alfo, like vnto 
 the Birds Cherry or Pudus 'fhcophrttsU, which the French men call Putter & Cerifier 
 l>Unc, but larger and greater, confiding of fiue leaues with many threds in the middle: 
 after which commeth the fruite or berries, as large or great as Flanders Cherries, ma- 
 ny growing together one by another on a long ftalke, as the flowers did, which arc 
 very blacke and (hining on the outfide, with a little point at the end, and reafonablc 
 fweetc in tafte, wherein is contained a hard round ftonc,very like vnto a Cherry done, 
 ail haue obferued as well by thofe I receiued out of Italie, as by them I had of Matter 
 lames Cole a Merchant of London lately deceafed, which grew at his houfein High- 
 gate, where there is a faire tree which hee defended from the bitterneffe of the wea- 
 ther in winter by carting a blanket ouer the toppe thereof eueryyeare, thereby the 
 better to preferueit. 
 
 The firft is not certainly knowne from whence it came, and is communi- 
 cated by the fuckers it yeeldeth. The fecond groweth in Spaine, Italie, 
 Grece,and many other places : that with white flowers is recorded by Bel- 
 lonius, to grow in Candy. Thelaft,asMatthiolus, and after him Clufius 
 report, camefirft from Conftantinople : I had a plant hereof by thefricud- 
 lygiftof Matter lames Cole, the Merchant before remembred, agreatlo- 
 uerof all rarities, who had it growing with him at his countrey houfein 
 Highgate aforefaid, where it hath flowred diuers times, and borne ripe fruit 
 alfo. 
 
 The firft flowreth many times in the end of theyeare before Chriftmas, 
 and often alfo in Ianuary, but the moft kindly time is In March and Aprili, 
 when the (loweis are fweeteft. The fecond flowreth not vntill Iuly. The 
 laft in May, and the fruit is ripe in Auguft and September. 
 
 3 . Lturoccrtfus. The Bay Cherry. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 The 
 
c £be (jar den of pleajant Flowers. 
 
 TheNames. 
 
 The fird is called Lxurtti fllueftris, and Laurus Tinus : in Englifli Wilde 
 Bay , or Sweete flowring Bay. The fecond is called Laurus Rofea, Oleander , 
 iVw»»»,and Rbodcdendros : in Englifli ThcRofeBay,and Oleander. The 
 laft was fent by the name of Trcktztn Curmtji, that is to hyJMclylus irape- 
 zuntinx, but not luuing any affinitie with any kinde of Date,Bellonius as I 
 thinke fird named it Lxurocerafut, and Certfus Trepezuntinx. Dalechampius 
 thinketh it to bee Lotus Aphricxnx, but Clufius refuteth it. Thofc ftoncs or 
 kernels that were fent me out of Italie, came by the name of Laurus Regix, 
 The Kings Bay. Wee may mod properly call it according to the Latine 
 naraeinthetitle, ThcCherrybay, or Bay Cherry, becaufehis leauesare 
 like vnto Bay-leaues, and both flowers and fruit like vnto the Birdes Cher- 
 ry or duller Cherry, for the manner of the growing ■ and therfore 1 might 
 more fitly I confefle haue placed it in my Orchard among the forts of 
 Cherries : but the beautifulnelfe of the plant canfed mee rather to infert it 
 here. 
 
 TheVertues. 
 
 The wilde Bay hath no propertie allotted vnto it in Phyficke, for that it 
 is not to be endured, the berries being chewed declareit to be fo violent hoc 
 and choking. The Rofe Bay is faid by Diofcorides, to be death to all foure 
 footed beads, but contrariwife to man it is a remedie againdthe poifon of 
 Serpents, but efpecially if Rue bee added vnto it. The Cherry Bay is not 
 knowne with vs to what phyficke vfe it may be applyed. 
 
 Chap. CIIII. 
 
 Cerafue flare multiplici. The Rofe or double blofTomd Cherry. 
 
 Mxlus flore multiplici. The double blolfomd Apple tree. And 
 Mxlus Perfica flore multiplici. The double blolfomd Peach tree. 
 
 T He beautifull (hew of thefe three forts of flowers, hath made me to infertthem 
 into this garden, in that for their worthinelfe 1 amvnwilling tobeewithouc 
 them, although the red of their kindes I haue transferred into the Orchard, 
 where among other fruit trees, they Ihall be remembred : for all thefe here fet downe, 
 feldomc or neuer beare any fruite, and therefore more fit for a Garden of flowers, 
 then an Orchard of fruite. 
 
 Cerxfas flare plent vel multiplici. 
 
 The Rofe Cherry, or double blolfomd Cherry. 
 
 The doublfblolfomed Cherry tree is of two forts for the flower, but not differing 
 in any other part, from the ordinary Englifh or Flanders Cherry tree, growing in the 
 very like manner : the difference confifleth in this, that the one of thefe two forts 
 hath white flowers lelfe double, that is, of two rovves or moreofleaues, and the other 
 more double, or with morerowesof leaues, andbefides I haue obferued in this grea- 
 ter double blolfomd Cherry, that fomeyeares mod of the flowers haue had another 
 fmailerand double flower, riling vp outof themiddleof theother, like asistobee 
 feene in the double Englifli Crow-foote,and double redde Ranunculus or Crowfoote, 
 before deferibed : this I fay doth not happen euery yearc, but fometimes. Sometimes 
 alfo thefe trees will giue a few berries, here and there fcattered, and that with lelfe 
 double flowers more often, which are like vnto our Englifli Cherries both for tade and 
 bignelfe. Thefe bevery fit to be fet by Arbours. 
 
 Mxlus 
 
C T be Cjarden of plea/ant t Lowers. 
 
 I Ceraftts ftorc pUn l'hc double bloflomd Cherry tree, a Matus fl*re multiplici The doable blbfibmd Apple tree- ; Malm 
 yerfua flere f>U no. The double bloffomd Peach tree. 4 ytrielymtnitm f erf otiatum. Double Ho nifucklc. 5 Terhtymemm 
 reftum, Vpright Honifucklc, 
 
T he (jar den of pleafant Flowers. 
 
 4°i 
 
 Milas fieri multiplici. The double bloffomd Apple tree. 
 
 This doublebloflomd Appletree is altogether like vnto our ordinary Pippin tree 
 in body, branch and leafe,the only difference is in the flower, which is altogether whi- 
 tiih,fauing that the inner leaues towards the middle are m ore reddilh, butasdoublc 
 and chicke as our double DamaskeRoies, which fallaway without bearing fruit. 
 
 Malus Perfica flore multiplici. The double blofforad Peach tree. 
 
 This Peach tree for the manner of growing, is fo like vnto an ordinary Peach tree 
 thatvntillyoufecitinbloffomeyou can perceiue nodifference : theflower is of the 
 feme colour with the bloffomes of the Peach, but confiding of three orfoure or 
 more rowes of leaues, which fall often away likewife without bearing any fruite -’but 
 after it hath abiden fomeyeares in a place doth forme into fruite, efpecially being 
 planted againfta wall. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 Both the Cherry trees are frequent in many places of England, nourfed 
 for their pleafant flowers. The Apple is as yet a ftranger. And the Peach 
 hath not been feen or knowne, long before the writing hereof. 
 
 TheTime. 
 
 They all flower in April & May, which arcthe times of their other kinds.’ 
 
 The Names. 
 
 Their names arc alfo fufficiently exprefled to know them by. 
 
 The Vertucs. 
 
 Cherries, Peaches and Apples, are recorded in our Orchard, and there 
 you lhall finde the properties of their fruit: forinthatthefebearenone or 
 very few, their bloffomes are of mod vfe to grace and decke the perfons of 
 thole that will wearc or beare thenj. 
 
 Chap. CV. 
 
 Periclymenum. Honyfuckles. 
 
 T He Honifuckle that groweth wilde in euery hedge, although it be very fweete 
 yet doe I not bring into my garden, butleritreft inhisowncplace, toferue 
 theirfenfes thattrauell by it,orhaucno garden. I haue three other that furnifb 
 my Garden, one that is called double, whofe branches fpreade far, and being very fit 
 for an arbour will foonecouer it : the other two ftand vpright, and fpreade not any 
 way far, yet their flowers declaring them to be Honifucklcs,but of Me delight I con- 
 fort them with the other. ° 5 
 
 Periclymenum per feliatum flue Italicum. The double Honifuckle. 
 
 Thetrunckeor body of the double Honifuckle, is oftentimes of the bignelTeof a 
 good ftaffe, running out into many long fpreading branches, couered with a whitifh 
 barke, which had neede of fome thing to fuftaine them, or elfe they will fall down 
 to the ground (and therefore it is vfually planted at an arbour, that ic may run thci eon, 
 
 or 
 
The (jar dsn of plea! ant Hovers. 4 0 j 
 
 or againd a houfe wall, and fattened thereto in diuers places with nailes)from whence 
 fpring forth at feucra II. (finances, and at the ioytits, two leaues, being like in forme vn- 
 tothewildeHonifiickres, and round pointed for the mod part 5 thefe branches diui- 
 dingtheinfelues diuers wayes, haueat thetoppes of them many flowers/ctatcertaine 
 diftances one aboue another, with two greene leaues at euery place, where the flowers 
 doe dand, ioyned fo clofc at the boteptne, and fo round and hollow in the middle, that 
 itfeemeth likea hollow cuppe or fawcer of flowers : the flowers Hand roundabout 
 the middle of thefe cuppes or fawcers, being long, hollow, and of a whitifh yellow 
 colour, with open mouthcsdafht ouer with a light (hew of purple, and fomethreds 
 within them, very fweet in fmell,like both in forme andcolour vnto the common Ho- 
 niruckles, but that thefe cuppes with the flowers in them are two or three (landing one 
 aboue another (which make a far better (hew then the common, which come forth all 
 attheheadeof the branches, without any greene leaues or cuppes vnder them) and 
 therefore thefe were called double Honifuckles, 
 
 Periclymenum rectum fructu rubro. Red Honifuckles. 
 
 This vpright Woodbinde hath a ftraight woody ftemrne, diuided into fctierall 
 branches, about three or fourefoote high, couered with a very thinne whitilb barke, 
 whereon (land two leaues together at the ioynts, being lefferthen the former, fmooth 
 and pleine, and a little pointed : the flowers come forth vpon (lender long footttalks 
 atthe ioynts where the leaues (land, alwayes two fet together, and neuer more, but 
 feldome one alone, which are much fmaller then the former, but of the fame fafliion, 
 with a little button at thefoote of the flower s the buds of the flowers beforethey 
 are open are very reddidi, but being open are not fo red, but tending to a kinde of yel- 
 lowi(hblu(h colour : after which come in their places two fmall red berries, the one 
 withered for the mod part, or at lead fmaller then theother, but (as Clufius faith) in 
 their naturali places they are both full and of one bigneffe. 
 
 Periclymenum rectum fruSiu caruleo. Blew berried'HotlifuckleS. 
 
 - ,'ul ... • ' , ,ci; . ■ ' 
 
 This other vpright Woodbinde groweth vp as high as the former, or rather fome- 
 what higher, couered with a blackifh rugged barke, chapping in diuers places, the 
 younger branches whereof arefomewhat reddifh, and couered with an hoary doune : 
 the leaues dand two together at the ioints,fomewhat larger then the former, and more 
 whitid) vnderneath : the flowers are likewife two danding together, at the end of a 
 (lender footedalke, of a pale yellowiih colour when they are blowne, but more red- 
 didi in thebud : the berries dand two together as the former, of a darke blewifh 
 colour when they are fully ripe, and full of a red liquour or iuice, of a pleafant tade, 
 which doth not only dye the hands of them that gather them, but ferueth for a dying 
 colour to the inhabitants where they grow plentifully, wherein are contained many 
 flat feede : The roote is woody as the formeris. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 The firw groweth in Italie, Spaine,andProuenccof France, but not in 
 the colder countreyes, vnlelfe it be there planted, as is mod frequent in our 
 countrey. The others grow in Audria, and Stiria, as Clufius faith, and art 
 entertained into their gardens onely that are curious. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 The firft SoWreth vfually in Aprill, the reft in May. 
 
 The Names'. 
 
 The drft is called Periclymenum, Otfrifel'rum perfolUtum, and Itcdicum^ 
 
 £S a difference from the common kinde : In Engliih Double Woodbinde, 
 
 n 
 
The (garden of plea/ant Flowers. 
 
 or double- Honifucklcs. The othe^^aTthey are rare, and little knownTlb 
 are their names alfo : yet according to their Latine, I haue «iuenthem 
 Englilh names. 
 
 The Vertucs. 
 
 . Th e doubie Honifuckie is as effe&uall in all things, as the Angle wildc 
 fcinde, and befides , is an efpeciall good wound herbe for the head or other 
 parts. I haue not knowne the vpright kindes vfed in Phyficke. 
 
 4 — 
 
 Chap. CVI. 
 
 lifmlnumfiuc Gclfeminam. Iafraineor Gefmine. 
 
 W E haue but one fort of true Iafmine ordinarily in our Gardens through- 
 out the whole Land ; but there is another greater fort, which is farre 
 more tender, brought out of Spaine, and will hardly endure any long 
 time with vs, vnleffe it be very carefully preterued. Wee hauea third kindc called a 
 
 yellow Iafmine, but differeth much from their tribe in many notable points : but be- 
 caufe the flowers haue fome likeneffe with the flavors of the true Iafmine, it hath been 
 vfually called a Iafmine ■ and therefore I am content for this Garden to conioyne 
 them in one Chapter. ‘ 1 
 
 i.Uf minum Mum. The white Iafmine; 
 
 The white Iafmine hath many twiggy flexible greene branches, comming forth of 
 the fundry bigger boughes or ftcms,that rife from the roote, which are couercd with 
 a gray ifli darke coloured barke, hauing a white pith within it like the Elder , but not fo 
 much : the winged lcaues (land al waies two together at the ioy nts, being made of ma- 
 nic fmall and pointed leaucs, fet on each fide of a middle ribbe, fix mod vfually ore 
 both fides , with one at the end , which is larger, more pointed then any of the red 
 andofa darke greene colour : atthetoppesoftheyoungbranchesilanddiuers flow- 
 ers together, as it wcrcinanvmbellorruft, each whereof ftandeth on a long <-reene 
 ftalke, comming out of a fmall huske, being fmall, long, and hollow bclowc, ope- 
 ning into fiue white fmall, pointed leaues, ofa very ftrong fweete fmell, which fall 
 away without bearing any fruit at all , that euer I could learne in our Country • but in 
 the hot Countries where it is naturali, it is laid to beare flatfruit, likeLupines : the 
 rootes fpread farre and deepe, and are long and hard to gro we , vntill they haue taken 
 ftrong hold in the ground. 
 
 i. Uf minum Cittlonimm. The Spanifh Iafmine; 
 
 This Catalonia Iafminegroweth lower then the former, neuer rifing halfe fo high 
 and hath (lender long greene branches, rifing from the toppe of the wooddy ftemme’ 
 with (uch like leaues fet on themascheformer,butfomewhat (horter and larger : the 
 flowers alfo arc like vnto the former, and (land in the fame manner at the end of the 
 branches, butare much larger, being of a blu(h colour before they arc blownc and 
 white with blufh edges when they are open , exceeding fweete of fmell , more ftrong 
 then the former. 4 * & 
 
 3 . I af minum luteum, fiue T rifolium fruticans aljs Vokmonium, 
 
 The yellow Iafmine. 
 
 This that is called the yellow Iafmine, hath many long (lender twiggy branches ri- 
 fing fromrherootc, greeneatthefirft , and couercd with a darke grayifti barke after- 
 wards, whereon arefecatcertainediftanccs,thrccfmalldarkegreene leaues together 
 the end leafe being ahyaies the biggeft : at the ioynts where the leaues come forth’ 
 
 ftand 
 
The (jar den of p leaf ant Flower s. ^ c 
 
 Hand long (hikes, bearing long hollow flowers, ending in fiue,and fomein fix Ieaues, 
 very likevntotheflowersofthe firft lafmine, but yellow, whereupon it is vfually cal- 
 led the Yellow Iafmine : after the flowers are paft, there come in their places round 
 blackeiliining berries, of the bignefle of a great Pcafe , or bigger, full of apurplifh 
 iuyce, which willdyeones fingers that bruife them but a little: the roote is tough, and 
 white, creeping farre about vnder the ground, (hooting forth plentifully , whereby it 
 greatly encreafeth. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 The fir ft is verily thought to haue been firft brought to Spaine out of Sy- 
 ria, or thereabouts, and from Spaine to vs, and is to be feenevery often, 
 and in many of our Country Gardens. The fecond hath his breeding in 
 Spaine alfo, but whether it be his originali place we know not, and is fcarce 
 yet made well acquainted with our Englifh ayre. The third groweth plenti- 
 fully about Mompelier, and will well abide in our London Gardens, and 
 any where elfe. 
 
 The Time* 
 
 The firft flowreth not vntill the end of Iuly. The fccondfomewhat ear- 
 lier. Thcthirdinluly alfo. 
 
 ThcNames. 
 
 The firft is generally called I tf minum album, and Gelfcminum album : In 
 Englifh, The white Iafmine. T he fccond hath his name in his title, as much * 
 as may be faid of it. The third hath been taken of feme to bea Cyttfut , o- 
 thers iudgeit to be PoUmontum , but the trueft name is Trifolium fruticans , 
 although many call it Ufminum lutcum : In Englilh moft vfually , The yel- 
 low Iafmine, for the reafons aforefaid ; or elfe after the Latine name, 
 Shrubbie Trefoile, or Make-bate. 
 
 ThcVcrtues. 
 
 The white Iafmines haue beene in all times accepted into outward me- 
 dicines , ey ther for the plcafure of the fweete fent, or profit of the war- 
 ning properties. And is in thefe dayes onely vied as an ornament in Gar- 
 dens, or for fent of the flowers in the houfe,&c. The yellow Iaimine, al- 
 though fome haue adiudged it to be the Polcmonium of Diofcorides, yet it is 
 not vfed to thofe purpefes by any that I know. 
 
 Chap. CVII. 
 syringa. The Pipe tree. 
 
 .1 
 
 V Ndcr the name of Syringa, is contained two fpeciall kinds of Shrubs or Trees, : 
 differing one from another ; namely, the Lilac of Matthiolus , which is called 
 Syringa camlet, and is of two or three forts : And the Syringa alta , which alio 
 is of two forts, as (hall bee declared. 
 
 I . Lilac fine Syringa carnlea. The blew Pipe tree. 
 
 Theblew Pipe tree rifeth fometimes to be a great tree, as high and bigge iruhebo- 
 die as a reafonable Apple tree (as I haue in fome places feene and obferuedj but moll 
 vfually groweth lower, with many twigs or branches rifing from the roote, hauing as 
 much pith in the middle of them as the Elder hath, eoueredwith a grayiflj grecne 
 
 barks, 
 
; T be (jar den of plea /ant t lowers. 
 
 bailee, but darter in the elder branches , withioynts fetat a good difhnce one from 
 another, and two leaues at eucryioynr, which are large, broad, and pointed at the 
 ends, many of them turning or folding both the fides inward, and (landing cn 
 long foote ftalkes : at the toppes ofthe branches come fort!) many flowers , growing 
 fpike-fafhion, that is, a long branch of flowers vpon a (hike , each of thefe flowers are 
 finali, long, and nohow belowe, ending abotie in a pale blewifh flower , confiding of 
 fourc fitull leaues, of a pretty finall fenc : after he flowers are pad, there come fome- 
 times(but it is not often in our Country, vnleife the tree haue dood long,and is grown 
 great, the fuckers being continually taken away .that it may growe the better) long and 
 flat cods, confiding as it wereoftwofidcs,athinskinne being in the midft, wherein 
 are contained two long fluttilh red (cede : the routes are ftrong.and growe deepe in 
 the ground. 
 
 2. Syringa flore la fleo fine Argenteo. 
 
 The filucr coloured Pipe tree. 
 
 This Pipetree diflvrcth not from the former blew Pipetree, either inftemmeor 
 branches, either in leaues oi flowers, or manner of growing , but oncly in the colour 
 of the flower, which in this is of a milke , or filucr colour , which is a icinde of white, 
 wherein there is athinne wadi , or light (hew of blew (hed therein, commingfomc- 
 what neare vnto an alh-colour. 
 
 3 . Lilac lacimatu folys, The blew Pipe tree with cut leaues. 
 
 This Pipe tree (hould not differ from thefirftin any otherthingthenin the leaues, 
 * which are faid to be cut in on the edges into feuerall parts, as the relation is giuen a vi- 
 ra fide digna ; for as yet I neuer faw any fuch ; but I here am bold to fet it downe, to in- 
 duce and prouokc fomc louer of plants to obtaine it for his pleafure, and others alfo. 
 
 4 . Syringa flore alb o fimflkl. The fingle white Pipe tree. 
 
 The (ingle white Piperrecor bufli, 'neUer conftncth to that height of the former, but 
 abidcchalwaies like a hedge tree or bu(h, full of fhootes or fuckers from the rootc, 
 much more then the former : the young (hootes hereof are reddiih on the outfide, and 
 afterward reddifh ac theioynts , and grayilh all the reft ouer : theyoung as well as the 
 old branches, haue fome pith in the middle of them, like as the Elder hath. : the leaues 
 (land two at a ioynt, foraewhat like the former, but more rugged or crumpled , as alfo 
 alittle pointed, and dented about the edges: the flowers growe at the toppes of the 
 branches, diuers (landing together, confiding of fourc white leaues, likevnrofmall 
 Muske Rofes, and ofthe fame creame colour, as I may call ic , with many fmallyel- 
 lowi(hthreadsinthemiddle,andarcof a (Irong, full, or heady fenr, notpleafingto 
 a great many, by reafon of the (Irange quicknefle of the ftnt : the fruit followeth , be- 
 ing flatat the head, with many leafie (lielsorfcales compaffing it , wherein isendofed 
 fmall long feede : therootes runne nor deepe, butlpreadvnderthe ground, with 
 many fibres annexed vnto them. 
 
 5 . Syringa trabica flore albo duplici, 
 
 I he double white Pipe tree. 
 
 f • ' ''' ' -■ ' •; 
 
 This Pipetree hath diuers long and (lender branches, whereon growe large lemurs, 
 fomewhat like vnto the leaues of the former fingle white kinde, but not fo rough or 
 hard, and not at all dented about the edges, two alwaies (landing one againft another 
 at euery ioynt ofthe (lalke, but fet or difpofed on contrary (ides, an d not all vpon one 
 fide 5 at the ends whereof come forth diuers flowers, euery one (landing on his ovvnc 
 foote- (lalke, the hofeorhuskc being long and hollow, likevntothe white Iaftnine, 
 and the flowers therin confiding of a double rowe of white and round pointed leaues, 
 (Sue or fix in a rowe,with (omeyellovvnefle in the middle, which is hollow, of a veny 
 ftrongand heady fweet fent, and abiding a long time flowring, efprcially in the hotter 
 Countries, but is very tender, and not able to abide any the lead cold weather with vs . 
 
 for 
 
I J»fmiuum*lhum vulrart. The ordinary white Iafminr. i Ufmiwm ^imiricvtum fiut C»wlvuim»AmiTieMm. The I a ('nine- or Bindweed of America . 
 i UfmiimniVcumvHlrtr *. The yellow [aftn.ne. 4 Ltlac Wm. Thcblew Pipeiw. 5 SynugaatUvul^r*? Thefla^lc wmc; Synngaor 
 
 Pipe tree. < Sjrin^A fivtattt The double white Syringa. 7 SamhumM/tS' The Elder oruelder&ole, 
 
 Mm 
 
 The i jar den of p leaf ant blowers. 
 
4iO 
 
 ¥ he (jar den of plea) ant Flowers. 
 
 for the cold windes will (as I vndcrftand) greatly moled it : and therefore mud as 
 charily be kept as Orenge trees with vs, it wee will haue it to abide. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 Thcfirft sroweth in Arabia fas Matthiolus thinketh, that had it from 
 Condantinople.) We haue it plentifully in our Gardens. Thefecondand 
 third are drangers with vs as yet. The fourth is as frequent as the fird,or ra- 
 ther more, but his originali is not knowne. The lad hath his originali from 
 Arabia, as his name importeth. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 The firft,fecond,and third flower in Aprill,thc other two not vntill May. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 The fird is called of Matthiolus Lilac , and by that name is mod vfually 
 called in all parts. It is alfo called Seringa ctrulea, becaufe it commeth nea- 
 red vnto thofe woods, which for their pithy fubdance, were made hollow 
 into pipes. It is called of all inEnglilh, The blew Pipe tree. Itfecmeth 
 likely, that Petrus Bellonius in his third Bookeand fiftieth Chapter of his 
 obferuations (making mention of a fhrubbe that the Turkes haue, with Iuie 
 leaues alwaies greene , bearing blew or violet coloured flowers on a long 
 ftalke, ofthebigneffeandfalhionofaFoxetaile, and thereupon called in 
 their language a Foxe taile) doth vnderdand this plant here exprdfed. The 
 certainty whereof might eafily be knowne, if any of our Merchants there 
 refidiog, would but call for fuch a flirubbe, by the name of a Foxe taile in 
 the Turkidi tongue, and take caretofcndayoungroote,inafinall tubbeor 
 basket with earth by Sea, vnto vs here at London, which would be perfor- 
 med with a very little paines and cod. Thefecondand third, as kindes 
 thereof, hauethcirnamcsinthcirtitlcs. The fourth is called by Clufius 
 and others. Frutex Ctronariw, fomc doe call it Lilac flere albe, but that name 
 is not proper, in that it doth confound both kindes together. Lobel calleth 
 it Syringa Italic a. It is now generally called of all Syringe alba , that is in 
 Englifh, The white Pipe tree. Some would haue it to bee Oflryt of Tnco- 
 phraflus, but Clufius hath fufficiently cleared that doubt. Of others Ligu- 
 lirum Orientale, which it cannot be neither i for the Cyprus of Plinie is Dio- 
 fcorides his Liguflrum, which may be called Orient ale ,in that it is mod pro- 
 per to the Eadcrne Countries, and is very fweete, whole [cede is likevnto 
 Coriander feede. The laflis called by diuers Syringe Arabia florcalbedu- 
 plici, as mod fitly agreeing thereunto. Of Bafilius Beflerus that fer forth the 
 greatbookeof the Bilhop of Eydot in Germany his Garden , Syringa Ita- 
 lica flore albo plene, becaufe, as itis likely , hee had it from Italy. It is very 
 
 likely, that Profper Alpinus in his booke of Egyptian plants, doth meane 
 
 this plant, which hee there calleth Sambach, fine uf minum Arabicum. Mat- 
 thaus Caccini of Florence in his letter to Clufius entituleth it Syringa Ara- 
 bica, flue Isfmioum Arabicum, flue lafminum ex Gine , whereby hee declarcth 
 that it may not vnfitly be referred to either of them both. We may call it in 
 Englifti as it is in the title. The double white Pipe tree. 
 
 ThcVertuc*. 
 
 Wehaae no vfeofthefe in Phyficke that I know, although Profpcr Alpi- 
 nns faith, the doublcwhite Pipe tree is much vied in Egypt, to help women 
 in their trauailesof childbirth. 
 
 C H A t~- 
 
7 be Cjarden of p leaf ant t letters. 
 
 4»i 
 
 Chap. C VIII. 
 
 Simbucus Hofei. The Elder or Gelder Rofe. 
 
 A LthoughtherebediuerskindesofElders, yetthere is but one kindeof Elder 
 Rofe, whereof I meane to intreate in this Chapter, being of neare affinity in 
 fome things vnto the former Pipe trees , and which for the beauty of it defer- 
 ueth to be remembred among the delights of a Garden. 
 
 Simbucus Hefei. The Gelder Rofe. 
 
 The Gelder Rofe (as itis called) groweth to a rcafonable height, Handing like a 
 tree, withatrunkeasbiggeas any mans arine, couered wifha darke grayifh barke, 
 fomewhat tugged and very knotty : the younger branches are fmooth and white, 
 with 3 pithy i'ubftance In the middle,as the Elders haue,to (hew that it is a kind there- 
 of, whereon are fet broad leaues, diuided into three parts or diuifions , fomewhat like 
 vnto a Vine leafe,but fmallcr, and more rugged or crumpled, iagged or cut alfo about 
 the edges : at the toppes of euery one of the young branches , mod vfually commeth 
 forth a great tuft, or ball as it were, of many white flowers, fet fo clofe together , that 
 there can be no diftinftion of any feuerall flower feene, nor doth it feeme like the dou- 
 ble flower of any other plant, that hath many rowes of leaues fet together, but is a du- 
 ller of white leaued flowers fet together vpon the ftalke that vpholdeth them, of a 
 fmall fent, which fall away without bearing any fruit in our Country ,that euer I could 
 obferue orlearne : The roote fpreadeth neither farre nor deepe, but ffiooteth many 
 fmall rootes an d fibres , whereby it is fattened in the ground , and draweth nouriih- 
 ment to it, and fometimes yecldeth fuckers from it. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 It (hould feeme, that the naturali place of this Elder is wet and raoifl 
 grounds,becaufe itis fo like vnto the Marlh Elder, which is thcfinglekind 
 hereof. It is onely nourfed vp in Gardens in all our Country. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 Itflowreth in May, much about the time of the double Peony flower, 
 both which being fee together, make a pleaGmt variety, to decke vp the 
 windowes of a houfe. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 It is generally called Sirntmeui Refei : In Engliffi , The Elder Rofe, and 
 morecommonlyafcercheDutchname, the Gelder Rofe. Dalechampius 
 feemeth to make it Thnupilut of Theophraftus, or rather the Angle Marflj 
 Elder ; for I thinke this double kinde was not knownc in Theophraftus his 
 time. 
 
 TheVertues. 
 
 It is not applyed to any Phyficall vfe that I know. 
 
 Mm a 
 
 
4 - 12 , 
 
 The (garden of plea/ant Flowers. 
 
 Ch ap.CIX. 
 
 Rufa. The Rofe tree or bufh. 
 
 T Hc great varietie of Rofes is much to be admired, beeing more then is tb bee 
 feene in any other fhrubby plant that I know,both for colour,formc and fmell. 
 I hauc to furnifli this garden thirty forts at the lcaft, euery one notably diffe- 
 ring from the other, and all nr to be here entertained : forthcrearefomeother, that 
 being wilde and of no beautie or fmell, we forbeare, and leauc to their wllde habita- 
 tions. To diftinguifh them by their colours, as whitc,red, incarnate, and yellow, were 
 awaythatmany might take, but I hold it not fo conuenicnt for diuers reipefts : forfo 
 I flionld confound thofeof diuers forts one among another, and I fhould not keepe 
 that methode which to me feemeth moft conuenicnt, which is, to place and ranke e-, 
 uery kinde,whether Angle or double,one next vnto the other, that fo you may the bet- 
 ter vnderftand their varieties and differences : I will therefore beginne with the moft 
 ancient, and knowne Rofes to our Countrey, whether naturali or no I know not, but 
 affirmed by our precedent Kings of all others, to bee cognifanccs of their dignitie 
 the white Rofe and the rcd,whom fhall follow the damasie,of the fineft fent,and moft 
 vfe of all the other lorts, and the reft in their order. 
 
 i . Reft Anglia alba. The Englifh white Rofe. 
 
 The white Rofe is of twokindes, the otic more thickc and double then the others 
 The one rifeth vp in fome fhadowie places, vnto eight or ten foote high, with a ftocke 
 of a great bigneffe for a Rofe. The other growing feldome higher then a Daraaskc 
 Rofe. Somedoeiudgeborhthefetobebutonckinde, the diuerfitie happening bythe 
 ayre,or ground, or both. Both thefe Rofes haue fomewhat fmallcr and whiter greene 
 leaues then in many other Rofes, flue moft vfually fet on a ftalke,and more white vnder- 
 neath, as alfo a whiter greene barke, armed with fliarpe thornes or prickles, whereby 
 they are foone known from other Rofes, although the one not fo eafily from the other: 
 the flowers in the onearewhitifh, withaneye or (hew of ablufh, efpecially towards 
 the ground or bottome of the flower, very thicke double.and clofe fet together, and for 
 the moft part not opening it felfe fo largely and fully as eyther the Red or Damaske 
 Rofe. The other more white, le(Tethickeanddouble,andopeningitfelfcmore, and 
 fome fo little double as but of two or three rowes, that they might be held to be fiogle 
 yet all of little or no fmell at all. Todefcribcyouallthefeuerallpartsof theRofef as 
 the bud, the beards, the threds &c. were needlefte, they are lo conuerfant in euery ones 
 hand, that I (hall not neede but to touch the moft fpeciall part s of the varieties of them, 
 and leaue a more exaift relation of all things incident vnto them, vnto a generali worke! 
 
 i.Rofa incarnata. The Carnation Ro(e. 
 
 The Carnation Rofe is in moft things like vnto the leffer white rofe, both for the 
 growingof theftocke, and bignefle of the flower, but char itis morefpreadeabroade 
 when it is blown then the white is, and is of a pale bluflr colour all the flower thorough- 
 out, of asfmallafcntasthewhiteoneisalmoft. ° 
 
 Ufa uti# ca This kinde of Rofe is not very great,but very thickc and double, and is very variable 
 
 f* y,tra - in the flowers, in that they will be fo different one from another : fome being paler then 
 
 others, and fome as it wereblaftcd, which commeth not cafually, but naturally to this 
 rofe: but thebeftflowets (whereof there will bee ftill fome; will be of abri°htpale 
 murrey colour, neerevnto the Veluet rofe, but nothing fo darkca colour. 
 
 3- Raft Anglia rubra. The Englifh red Rofe. 
 
 The red Rofe (which I call Engliih,not only for the reafon before expreffed, but be- 
 
 caufc 
 
T be (far den of plea/ant t lowers, 4.13 
 
 caufe (as I take it) this Rofe is more frequent and vfed in England, then in other places,) 
 neuergrovvethfohigh as thedamaske Rofebufli, butmoft vfually abideth low, and 
 fliooteth forth many branches from the roote (and is but feldome differed to grow vp 
 as the damaskc Role into ftandardsj with a greene barke, thinner fet with prickles, and 
 largerand greener lcauesonthevpperfidetheninthewhite, yetwithan eyeof white 
 vponthem, hue likewife molt vfually fet vpon aftalke, andgrayilh orwhitilhvnder- 
 neath. The Rofes or Flowers doe very much vary according to their fiteand abiding 5 
 for fome are of an orient, red or deepe crimfon colour, and very double (although nc- 
 uer fo double as the white,) which when it is full blowne hath the larged leaues of any 
 other Rofe ; fome of them againe are paler,tending fomewhat to a damaske ; and fomc 
 are of fo pale a red, as that it is rather of the colour of the canker Rofe, yet all for the 
 mod part with larger leaues then the damaske, and with many more yellow threds in 
 the middle : the lent hereof is much better then in the white, but not comparable to 
 the excellende of the damaske Rofe, yet this Rofe being well dtyed and well kept, will 
 hold both colour and fent longer then the damaske, bee it neucr fo well kept, 
 
 4, Roft Damtfcen*. The Damaske Rofe. 
 
 The Damaske Rofe bulh is more vfually noutfedvp to a competent height to (land 
 alone, (which we call Standards) then any other Rofe : the barke both of the docke 
 and branches, is not fully fo greene as the red or white Rofe : the leaues are greene with 
 an eye of white vpon them,fo like vnto the redRole,that there is nogreat difference be- 
 tweene them, but that the leaues of thcredRofefeemetobeeof a darker greene. The 
 flowers are of a fine deepe blufh colour, as all know, with fome pale yellow threds in 
 the middle, and are not fothicke and double as the white, nor being blowne, withfo 
 large and great leaues as the red, but of the mod excellent fweet plcafant fent, farfur- 
 pading all other Rofes or Flowers, being ney ther heady nor too ftrong, nor duffing or 
 vnpleafant fweet, as many other flowers. 
 
 $ . Ref* Preuinciilis fine HoSindic* Dim*fcen*. 
 
 The great double Damaske Prouince or Holland Rofe. 
 
 ThisRofe (that fome call Centifolia. Retimes incirniti) hath his barke of areddifb 
 Of browne colour, whereby it is foone difeerned from other Rofes. The leaues arc 
 likewife more reddilh then in others, and fomewhat larger, it vfually groweth very 
 like the Damaske rofe, and much to the fame height : the flowers or rofes are of the 
 fame deepe blulh colour that the damaske rofes are, or rather fomewhat deeper, but 
 much thicker, broader, and more double, or fuller of leaues by three parts almofl,the 
 outer leaues turning themfelues backe, whenthe flower hath flood long blowne, the 
 middle part it felfc (which in all other rofes almofl haue fome yellow threds in them 
 to be feene)being folded hard with fmall leaues, without any yellow almofl at all to be 
 feene, the fent whereof commeth neerefl vnto the damaske rofe, but yet is fhort of it 
 by much, howfoeuer many doethinkeit as good asthedamask, and to that end I haue 
 known fome Gentlewomen haue caufed all their damaske ftockes to bee grafted with 
 prouince Rofes, hoping to haue as good watcr,and more flore of them then ofdamask 
 Rofes - but in my opinion it is not of halfefogoodafentasthe water of damaske 
 Rofes.-let euery one follow their own fancie. 
 
 6. Ref* Pronin tUlh ruhr*. The red Prouince Rofe. 
 
 As the former was called inurntt*, fo this is called "Bat ink* centifolii ruhr*, the dif- 
 ference being not very great : theftemme orftecke, andthebranchesalfo inthis,- 
 feeming not to be fo great but greener, the barke being not fo red ; the leaues of the 
 fame largenefle with the former damaske Prouince. The flowers arc not altogether Co 
 large, thicke and double, and of alittledeeperdamaskeorblufh colour, turning to a 
 red Rofe, but not comming ncere the full colour of the beft red Rofe, of a fent not fo 
 fweetc as thedamaske Prouince, but comming (oraewhat ncere the fent of tbcor- 
 
 3 dmry 
 
C 1 he (jar den of p leaf ant Flowers. 
 
 dinary red rofe, yet exceeding it. This role is not fo pleatifblTin bearing as the 
 damaske Prouince. 
 
 7. Reft Frtu'mulis tlba. The white Prouince Rofe. 
 
 Itisfaidof diucrs, that there is a white Prouince Rofe, whereof I am not ecultsm 
 tefis, and therfore I dare not giue it you for a certaintie,and indeed I haue fome doubt 
 that it is the greater and more double white rofe, whereof I gaiie you the knowledge 
 in the beginning: when I ana my felfe better fatisfied,I Hull bee ready to fatisfie others, 
 
 8. Reft ycrficelor. The party coloured Rofe, 
 
 of fome YorkeandLancafter. 
 
 This Rofe in the forme and order of the growing, is neereft vat® the ordinary 
 damaske rofe, both for Rename, branch, leafe and flower : the difference confiding in 
 this, that the flower ("being of the fame largenefTeand doublenefle as the damask rofe) 
 hath the onehalfeof it,fometimesof a pale whitifii colour, and the other ha! fe of a 
 paler damaske colour then the ordinary ; this bappeneth fo many times, and fome’times 
 alfo the flower hath diuers ftripes,and markes in it, as one leafe white, or driped with 
 white, and the other halfcbluih, or driped with blufh, fometimes alfo all driped or 
 fpotted oner, and other times little or no dripes or markes at all, as nature lideth to 
 play with varieties,in this as in other flowers : yet this I haueobferued, that the lon- 
 ger it abideth blowen open in the fun, the paler and the fewer dripes, markes or fpots 
 will be feene in it : the fmell whereof is of a wcake damaskerofe fent. 
 
 9. Refet Ckryflttlins. The Chryftall Rofe. 
 
 This Rofe is very like vnto the lad deferibed, both forftocke, branch and leafe: 
 the flower hereof is not much different from it, being nogreatlargc ordoubleRofe 
 but of a meanefize, driped and marked with a deeper blulh or red, vpon the pale co- 
 loured leafe, that it feemeth in the marking and beauty thereof, to bee of as much de- 
 light as the Chrydall Gilloflower : this,euen like the former, foonefadeth and paffcth 
 away, not yeclding any great ftore of flowers any yeare. 
 
 i o .Reft rubra humilis flue fumilio. 
 
 The dwarfe red Rofe, or Gilloflower Rofe. 
 
 Th is Rofe groweth al wayes low and fmalI,otherwifc in mod refpeffs like vnto the 
 ordinary reddc Rofe, and with few or no thornes vpon it : the Flowers orRofcsarc 
 double, thicke, fmall and clofc, not fo much fpread open as the ordinary red but 
 fomewhat like vnto the fird double white Rofe before expreffed • yetin fome places 
 I haue feene them more layde open then thefe, as they grew in my garden, being fo c- 
 ,uen ar the toppes of theleaues, as if they had been dipt off with a paireof fheexes 
 and are not fully of fo red a colour as the red Prouince Rofe, and of as fmall or weak 
 fent as the ordinary red Rofe, or not fo much. 
 
 1 1 . Reft Frtnctfurtenfls. The Franckford Rofe. 
 
 The young fhootes of thisRofcarecouered withapalepurplilhbarke, fetwitha 
 number of fmall prickeslikehaires, and the elder haue but very few thornes : the 
 flower or rofe it felfe hatha very great bud or button vnder it, more then in any other 
 rofe, and is thicke and double as a red rofe, but fo Arongly fwelling in the bud, that ma- 
 ny of them breake bcforcthey can be full blowen, and then they are of a pale red rofe 
 colour, that is,betweene a red and a damaske, with a very thicke broadeand hard vm- 
 bone of fiiort yellow threds or thrumes in the middle, the huske of the flower hauing 
 long ends, which are called the beards of therofe, which inallotherare tagged in 
 fome of them, in this hath no iagge at all : the finell is necred vnto a red Rofe. 
 
 1 2. Rapt 
 
7 be Cjarden of plea/ant Flowers 
 
 
 i RvfdDamafccna. The Damaske Rofc. z Ro(aPriuincialisJttte The great ProuinceRofe. ^ Roft Francafurtcnfis. The 
 
 trancfcford Rofe. 4 Rofu rubra hum.!#. The dwarfered Rofc, $ /tyQ Hi*n^arica. The Hungarian Rofe. 6 Refti, htea multifiet. 
 The great double yellow Role, 
 
‘T he (jar den of pleafant Flowers. 
 
 Aid 
 
 II. Ref* Hungtrict. The Hungarian Rofe. 
 
 The Hungarian Rofe hath grecne fhootes flenderly fet with prictes, andfeldome 
 groweth higher then ordinarily the red Rofe doth 3 theftemme or ftocke being much 
 about that bignelfc : the flower or rofe is as great, thicke and double, as the ordinary 
 red Rofe, and of the fame falhion, of a paler red colour, and beeing neerely looked 
 vpon is finely fpotted with faint fpots,as it were fpreade ouer the red ; the fmell wher- 
 of is fome what better then the fmeli ofthe ordinary red Rofe of the belt kinde. 
 
 1 3 . Refit Holoferic* fimplex & multifit x. 
 
 The Veluct Rofe fingleand double. 
 
 The old ftemme or flock of the veluet Rofe is couered with a dark coloured barke, 
 and the young (hootes of afadgreenewith very few ornothornesat all vpon them : 
 thelcauesareof a fadder grecne colour then in moft forts of Rofes, and very often 
 feuen on a ftalke, many of the reft hauing but fiue: the Rofe is eyther finglc or double : 
 the Angle is a broade fpread flower, confifting of fiue or fixe broade leaues with many 
 yellow threds in the middle : the double hath two rowes of leaues, the one large, 
 which are outermoft, the other fmaller within, of a very deepe red crimfoncolour 
 like vnto crimfon veluct, with many yellow threds alfo in the middle-, and y etfor alj 
 the double rowe of leaues, thefe Rofes ftand but like fingle flowers : but there is ano- 
 ther double kinde that is more doublcthcn this laft, confifting oftentimes of fixreene 
 *. leaues or more in a flower, and moft of them of an equall bignefle, of the colour of 
 the fit ft fingle rofe of this kinde, or fomewhat frefher j but all of them of afinaller 
 fent then the ordinary red Rofe. 
 
 14. Ref* put fpinis (implex O' multi f It x. 
 
 The Rofe without thornes fingleand double. 
 
 The Rofe without thornes hath diuers grecne fmooth (hootes, tiling from the root, 
 without any pricke or thorne at all vpon them, eyther young or old: the leaues are not 
 fully fo large as of the red rofe: the flowers or rofes arc not much bigger thenthofe 
 of the double Cinamon Rofe, thicke fet together and (hort, of a pale red Rofe colour,' 
 with diuers pale coloured veines through euery leafe of the flower, which hath caufed 
 fometocallit The marbled Rofe, andis of afmall fent, notfully equall tothered 
 Rofe. The fingle of this kinde differeth not in any other thingfrom the former, then 
 inthedoublendfeorfinglenelfeof the flowers, which in this are not halfcfo double, 
 nor yet fully fingle, and areof a paler red colour. 
 ter* /itu /pin* I haue heard likewife of a white Rofe of this kinde, but I hauc feene none fuch as yet, 
 
 fire dh- and therefore I can fay no more thereof. 
 
 15. Rtf* Citumeme* ftmplex & multiplex. 
 
 The Cinamon Rofe fingleand double. 
 
 The fingle Cinamon Rofe hath his (hootes fomewhat red, yet not fo red as the dou- 
 blekinde, armed with great thornes, like almoft vnto the Eglantine bulb, thereby 
 thawing, as well by the multiplicitie of his (hootes, as the quickneffe and height of his 
 (hooting, his wilde nature : On the ftemme and branches (land winged leaues, fomc- 
 times feuen or more together, which arc fmall and greene, yet like vnto other Rofes. 
 The Rofes ate fingle, of fiue leaues a peece,fomewhat large, and of a pale red colour, 
 like vnto the double kinde, which is in (hootes redder, and in all other things like vn- 
 cothefingle, but bearing fmall, (hort, thickeand double Rofes, fomewhat like vnto 
 the Rofe without thornes, but a little Idler, of a paler red colour at the end of the 
 leaues, and fomewhat redder and brighter toward the middle of them, with many 
 yellow (hort thrumes 5 the fmall fent of Ctnamonthat is found in the flowers hath 
 eaufed it to beare the name. 
 
 1 6. Rojx 
 
The Cjarcten of f leaf ant Flowers. 
 
 1 6 . .Rtfa littea ftmplcx. T he Angle yellow Rofe. 
 
 This Angle yellow Rofe is planted rather for variety then any other good vfe. It 
 often groweth to a good height, his ftemme being great and wooddy , with few or no 
 prickes vpon theold wood, but witha numher of fmall prickes like haires,thicke fet$ 
 vpon the younger branches, of a darke colour fomewhatreddiih, thebarkeof the 
 young fliootes being of a fad greene reddifh colour: the leaues of this Rofe biifh are 
 finaller, rounder pointed, of a paler greene colour, yet finely fniptabout the edgesj 
 andmore in number, that is,Teuen or nine on a ftalke or ribbe , then in any other Gar- 
 den kinde, except the double of the fame kinde that followcth next : the flower is a 
 fmall Angle Rofe, confiftingof fiueleaues, not fo large as the Angle SpanilhMuske 
 Rofe, but fomewhat bigger then the Eglantine or fweete Briar Rofe, of a Ane pale yel- 
 low colour, without any great fent at all while it is frefh, but a little more, yet fmall 
 sad weakc when it is dryed. 
 
 _ i 'j.Rof* lutet multiplex flue (lore plene. 
 
 The double yellow Rofe. 
 
 i ' . ■ ; . • . ... ... • . ; i 
 
 The double yellow Rofe is ofgreat account, both for the rarity, and doubleneffe of 
 the flower, and had it fent to the reft, would of all. other be of higheft efteeme. The 
 ftemme or ftocke, the young fhoots or branches, thcftnall hairy prickes, and the fmall 
 winged leaues, are in all parts like vnto the former Angle kinde • the chiefeft difference 
 conAftethin the doubleneffe of the flower or Rofe, which is fothickeand double, 
 that very often it breaketh out on one fide or another , andbuta few of them abiding 
 whole and faire in our Countrcy, the caufe whereof wee doe imagine to bee the 
 much moifture of our Countrey, andthetime of flowring being lubieiftto much 
 raineand fhowers 5 many therefore doe either plant it againft a wall , or other wayes 
 defend it by couering : againe,it is fo plentiful! in young fliootes or branches, as alfo 
 in flowers atthetoppeof euery branch , which are fmall and weake for the moll part, 
 that they are not able to bring all the flowers to ripeneffe ; and therefore moft of them 
 fall or wither away without comming to perfection (the remedy that many doe vfe 
 for this inconueniencelaft recited is, that they nippe away moft of the buds, leauing 
 but fome few vpon it, that fo the vigour of the plant may be collected into a few flow- 
 ers, whereby they may the better come to perfection, and yet euen thus it is hardly 
 effected ) which arc of a yellowifh greene colour in the bud, and before they be bio wne 
 open, but then are of a faire yellow colour, very full of leaues, with many fliort haires 
 rather then leaues in the middle, and hauing fhort, round, greene, fmooth buccons, al- 
 moft flat vndcr them : the flower being faire biowne open, doth fcarcegiue place for 
 largeneffe , thickneffe, and doubleneffe, vnto the great Proucnce or Holland Rofe. 
 This Rofe bufli or plant is very tender with vs here about London , and will require 
 fome more careand keeping then the Angle ofthis kinde, which is hardy enough ; for 
 I haue loft many my felfe, and I know but a few about this towne that can nourfe it vp 
 kindly , to beare or fcarceto abide without periling ; but abideth well in euery free 
 aire of all orthe moft parts of this Kingdome:but(as f heare)not fo well in the North. 
 
 1 8. Roft MifchtU fanplex & multiplex. 
 
 The Muske Rofe Angle and double. 
 
 TheMuske Rofe both Angle and double, rife vp oftentimes to a very great height, 
 that it ouergroweth any arbour in a Garden, or being fet by an houfe fide, to bee ren 
 or twelue foote high, or more, but more cfpecially the fingle kinde, with many green 
 farre fpread branches , armed with a few fliarpc great thorncs , as the wilder forts of 
 Rofcs are, whereof thefe arc accounted to be kindes, hauing fmall darke greene leaues 
 on them, not much bigger then the leaues of Eglantine : the flowers come forth at the 
 
 toppes ofthe branches, many together as it were in an vmbell or tufr, which for the 
 
 moft pare doe flower all at a time , or not long one after another, euery one (landing 
 on a pretty long ftalke, and are of a pale whitifh or creaine colour, both the Angle and 
 
4 «* 
 
 The (far den of pleafant Flowers. 
 
 the double ; the Tingle being fmall flowers , confiding of fiue leaues, with many yel- 
 low threads in themiddle : andthedouble bearing more double-flowers, as it they 
 were once or twice more double then the fingle, with yellow thrummes’alfo in the 
 middle, both of them of a very fweete and pleating fmell, rfc(?ittbling Musket Tome 
 there be that haueauouched, that the chiefcd Tent of thefeRofes confideth not in the 
 leaues, but in the threads of the flowers. 
 
 19 . Ref* Mofchttt multiplex titer* : klyt D amt fcee* tlbt, 
 vel vcrifimilier Cintmemet flere plene albo. 
 
 The double white Damaskc Muske Rofe. 
 
 This other kindc of Muske Rofe (which with Tome is called the white Damaskc 
 Muske, but more truely the double white Cinamon Rofe) hath his demme and bran- 
 ches alfo (horter then the former, but as greene : the leaues are fomewhat larger and 
 of a whiter greene colour ; the flowers alfo arc fomewhat larger then the former dou- 
 ble kinde, but danding in vmbels after the fame manner, or fomewhat thicker , and of 
 the fame whitifh colour, or a little whiter, and fomewhat, although but a little’ , neare 
 the fmell of the other, but nothing fo drong. This flowreth at the time of other Ro- 
 fes, or fomewhat later, yet much before the former two forts of Muske Rofes, which 
 flower not vntill the end of Summer, and in Autumne 5 both which things, that is the 
 time of the flowring , and the fent being both different , (hew plainly it cannot be of 
 the tribe of Muske Rofes. 
 
 20. Reft Hifptnic* Mofcbtt* [implex. The Spanifh Muske Rofe. 
 
 This Spanifh Roferifeth to the height ofthe Eglantine, and fometimes higher, with 
 diuers great greene branches, theleaues whereof are larger and greener then of the 
 farmer kindest the flowers are fingle Rofes, confiding of fiue whiter leaues then in 
 any of rhe former Muske Rofes, and much larger, hauing fometimes an eye of a blufh 
 in the white, of a very fweetc fmell, comtning neared vntothc lad recited Muske 
 Rofe, as alfo for the time ofthe flowring. 
 
 2 1 . Rofa Tomfcra mtier.The great Apple R ofe. 
 
 The demme or docke of this Rofe is great, couered with a darke gray i(h barke bur 
 the younger branches arc fomewhat reddilh, armed here and there with great and 
 (harpe thornes, but nothing fo great or plentifull as in the Eglantine , although it be a 
 wildc kinde : the leaues are of a whirilh greene colour, almod like vnto the fird white 
 Rofe, and fiue alwaiesfet together, but feldomefeucn : the flowers are fmall and fin- 
 gle, confiding of fiue leaues, without any fent , orverylktle,andlittlebiggerthea 
 thofe ofthe Eglantine bufit, and of the very fame deepe blulli colour , euery one dan- 
 ding vpon a rough or prickly button, bearded in the manner of other Rofes, which 
 when the flowers are fallen growe great, fomewhat long and round, pearc-fafliion 
 bearingthe beards on thetopsofthem ; and being full ripe are very red, keeping the 
 fmall prickles dill on them, wherein are many white, hard, and roundiih feedcs , Very 
 like vnto the feede of the Heppes or Eglantine berries, lying in a foft pulpe, like vnto 
 the Hawthorne berries or Hawes : the whole beauty of this plant confideth more in 
 the gracefull afpedt of the red apples or fruit hanging vpon the bufiies, then in the 
 flowers, or any other thing. It feemeth to be the fame that Clufius callet h Ref a Pumila 
 but that with meitgroweth muchhigherand greater then he faith his doth. 
 
 2 2 . Rofa filuefirii odor* fiue EglenterU [implex. 
 
 The fingle Eglantine or fweete Briar bufii. 
 
 The fweete Briar or Eglantine Rofe is fo well knowne, being not onely planted in 
 Gardens , for the fweeteneffe ofthe leaues , but growing wilde in many woods and 
 hedges, that I thinke it lod time to deferibe it; for that all know it hath exceeding long- 
 greene (hootes, armed with the cradled (harpe and drong thornes , and thicker fee 
 
 then 
 
1 be (garden of pieafant blowers* 
 
 i HtltfincffmismultipItx.Tbt double Refe without thorns. i K‘[t cirfmtme* f'.ett f/e»o.Thc doublrOnaraonRofc. » ktfaHo- 
 to/rriM /f«p/r*.Thc finglc VeluccRoft. t Raft Hitofenca The double VeluctRoft j Kofi MtftbaU multiple).. The double 
 
 MustcRofe. 6 Ko/a Mifchalt RiffanUt limplex.Tkc Tingle Spunifli Mu«ke Roft. 7 Kofi Vtmftn aw.'#r. The jrese Apple Rofc. 
 S Rtf* fluifiris fine £{to*fr U ditfltx.lhc demblcEgliniine Role. 
 
The (jardeti of ple a J ant f lowers. 
 
 then is in any Rofc either wilde or tame : theleaucs arc fmailer then in raoftofthofe 
 that are nourfedvp in Gardens, feuen or nine mod vfually fee together on a ribbeor 
 flalke^vcry greenc and fweete in fmell , abouethe lcaues of any other kinde of Rofe : 
 theflowersare fmall Angle blufli Rofes, oflittleornofentarall,which turnc into 
 reddifn berries, fluffed within with a dounie orflocky matter or fubftance, wherein 
 doth lye white hard feede. 
 
 The double Eglantine is in all the places that I haue feeneit a grafted Rofe, (burl 
 doubt not, but that his originali was naturali, and that it may be made naturali againe, 
 as diuers other Rofes are.) It groweth and fpreadeth very well, and with a gt cat head 
 of branches, whereon Hand fuch likeleaues as are in the Angle kinde, but a little larger, 
 notfmelling fully fo fweete as it : the flowers are fomewhat bigger then the Angle, but 
 not much, hauingbutoncotherroweof leaues onely more then the former, which 
 are fmailer, and the outer leaues larger, but of the fame pale reddifh purple colour, 
 and fmdleth fomewhat better then the Angle. 
 
 This Rofe or bufh is very like vnto a wilde Angle Eglantine bufli in many refpedts, 
 hauing many very longgreeftebranchcs, but more {lender and weake, fo that many 
 timesthey benddowneagaine, notablcto fuftaine themfelues withoutfomchelpe, 
 and armed with hooked thornes as other Rofes be ; the winged leaues conAft of feuen 
 for the moft part, whereof thofe two that are loweft and oppoAte, arcfmallcft, the 
 next two bigger then they, thethird couple biggerthenanyofthereftbelowe, and 
 thcend leafe'biggefl ofall : this proportion generally it holdeth in euery winged leafe 
 through the whole plant, which at the Arft camming forth arc fomewhat reddi fh, with 
 the young branch that fhooteth out with them , but being full growne, are ofa deepc 
 greene colour, and fomewhat Alining, dented abouethe edges, and fall not away from 
 the branches as other Rofes doe , but abide thereon for the moll part all the Winter : 
 the flowers (land foure or Aue together at the tops of the branches, being Angle Rofes, 
 madeofAueleauesapeece,ofapurewhitccolour, much larger then rheordinary 
 Muskc Rofe, and ofa Ane fent, comming neareft thereunto, with many yellow chiues 
 ©r threads in the middle. 
 
 Some ofthefe Rofes had their originali, as is thought in England , as the 
 firftandfecond; for thefedryed red Rofes that come ouerto vs from be- 
 yond the Seas, are not of the kinde of our red Rofe , as may well be percei- 
 ucd by them that will compare our Engliftidryed leaues with thofe. Some 
 in Germany, S paine, and Italy. Some againe in Turkie , as the doubleyel- 
 low Rofe, which Arfi was procured to be brought into England, by Mafler 
 Nicholas Lete, aworthy MerchantofLondon , and a greatlouerof flow- 
 ers, from Conftantinople , which (as wee heaie) was Arft brought thither 
 
 queuille, a Merchant alfo of L ondon,and a great louer of all rare plants, as 
 
 The Cinamon Rofe is the earliefl forthe moil part,which flowreth with 
 VS about the middle of May , and fomet imes in the beginn ing. The ordinary 
 Muskc Rofes both Angle and double flower latcft, as is faid. All the other 
 flower much about one time, in the beginning of Iune, or thereabouts, and 
 continue flowring all thatmoncth, and the next throughout for the mod 
 part, and the red vatill Auguft be half e part. 
 
 2 3 . Rtf a filacjlris odora flue EglessterU fore duplici. 
 T he double Eglantine. 
 
 24. Rofa femver virens. The euer greenc Rofe bufli. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 from Syria ; but periflied quickly both with him, and with all other ta 
 ■whom hee imparted it : yet afterwards it was fen: to Mallei' Iohn de Fran» 
 
 The Time. 
 
 The 
 
The (jar den of pie a! ant blowers. 4.21 
 
 The Names. 
 
 The feuerall names , whereby they arc mod commonly knowne vnto vs 
 in this Countrey, areexprefled in their titles ; but they are much differing 
 from what they arecalled in other Countries neare vnto vs, which to com- 
 pare, conferre, and agree together, wereaworkeof more painesthen vfe: 
 But to proportion them vnto the names fet downe by Theophraftus, Pliny, 
 and the reft of the ancient Authors, were a worke, wherein I might be fure 
 nottoefcape without falling into errour, as I verily beleeue many others 
 haue done , that haue vndertaken to doe it : I will therefore for this worke 
 defire that you will reft contented, with fo much as hath already been deli- 
 uered , and expedi an exa& definition and complete fatisfa&ionbyfucha 
 methodicall courfe as a generali Hiftory will require, to be performed by 
 them that fhall publifh it. 
 
 TheVcrtues. 
 
 The Rofe is of exceeding great vfe with vs ; for the Damaskc Rofe (be- 
 fides thefuperexcellent fweete water it yeeldeth being diftilled, or the per- 
 fume of the leaues being dryed , feruing to fill fweete bags) ferueth to caufe 
 folublenefte of the body, made into a Sy rupe, or prelerucd with Sugarmoift 
 ordry candid. The Damaskc ProuinceRofe, is notonelyforfentneareft 
 of all other Rofes vnto the Damaskc, but in the operation of folubility alfo. 
 The red Rofe hath many Phy ficall vfes much more then any other , feruing 
 for many forts of compofitions, both cordiall and cooling, both binding 
 and loofing. The white Rofe is much vfed for the cooling of heate in the 
 eyes; diuers doe make an excellent yellow colour ofthe iuyee of white Ro- 
 fes, wherein fome Allorae is diffolued , to paint or colour flowers or pi- 
 eftures, or any other fuch things. There is little vfe of any other fort of Ro- 
 fes ; yet fome affirme , that the Muskc Rofes are as ftrong in operation to 
 open or loofen the belly as the Damaskc Rofe or Prouince. 
 
 Chap. CXI. 
 
 Ciflus. The Holly Rofe or Sage Rofe. 
 
 T Here are three principali kindcs of Ciflus, the male, the female, and the gumme - 
 or fweete fmelling Cifhu bearing Ltdamm, called Ltdtn . Ofeach of thefe three 
 there arealfo diuersforts : Of them all to intreate in this worke is not my 
 minde, I will oncly feled out of themultitudc fome few that are fit for this our Gar- ( 
 
 den, and leaue the reft to a greater. 
 
 * 
 
 1. Ciflus mas. The male Holly Rofe or Sage Rofe. 
 
 The male Ciflus that is moft familiar vnto our Countrey , I meane that will beft a- 
 bide, is a fmall fhrubby plant, growing feldome abouc three or foure foote high with 
 vs , hauing many {lender brittle wooddy branches , coucred with a whitifh barke, 
 whereon are fet many whitifh grecne leaues , long and fomevvhat narrow , crumpled 
 orwrinckledasitwere withveines, and fomewhat hard in handling, efpccially the 
 old ones ; for the young ones are foftcr , fomewhat like vnto Sage leaues for the 
 formeandcolour,butmuch (mailer, two alwaies fet together at a ioynt :the flowers 
 ftand at thetoppeof the branches, three or foure together vpon feuerall (lender ;oot- 
 ftalkes, confiding of fiue fmall round leaues a peece, fomewhat like vnto a fmall Angle 
 Rofe. of a fine reddifh purple colour, with many yellow threads in the middle , with- 
 
 Nn out 
 
The (jar den of flea) ant timers. 
 
 out any lent at all , and quickly fading or falling away , abiding feldome one whole 
 day blowneatthe mod : after the dowers are part, there come vp round hard hairie 
 heads in their places , containing fmall brownifh feede : the roote is wooddy , and 
 will abide fome yeares with vs, if there be fome care had tokeepeit from the exrrea- 
 mityof our Winters frofles, which both this, and many of the other forts and kinds, 
 will not abide doe what we can. 
 
 i.CiJlusfamwa. Thefetnalc Holly Rofe. 
 
 Thefemale Holly Rofe groweth lower, and fmaller then the former male kinde, 
 hauing blackifli branches, Idle woody, but not Idfe brittle then it : the leaues are fome- 
 what rounder and greener, but a little hard or rough withall, growing in the fame man- 
 ner vpon the branches by couples : the flowers grow at the toppes of the branches, 
 like vnto the fdrmcr, confiding of flue leaues, but fomewhat Idler, and wholly white, 
 with yellow threds in the middle, as quickly fading,and of as little fent as the former : 
 the heads and feede are fomewhat bigger then in the former. 
 
 3. c’mmttiSim Frijicus. The dwarfe Holly Rofe of Frifeland. 
 
 Thisdwarfe Cidus is a fmall low plant, hauing diuers Ihootes from therootes, full 
 of leaues that are long and narrow, very like vnto the leaues of the French Spikenard 
 or Spied Celtic» ; from among which leaues flioote forth (hort flalkes, not aboueafpan 
 high, with a few fmaller leaues thereon j and at the toppes diuers fmall flowers onea- 
 boue another, confiding of fix fmall round leaues, of a yellow colour,hauing two cir- 
 cles of reddidi fpots round about the bottome of the leaues, a little diftant one from 
 another, which adde much grace to the flo ver : after the flowers are pad, there come 
 in their places fmall round heads, being two forked at the end, containing within them 
 fmall brown i(h chaffic feede : the roote is fmall and flender, with many fibres thereat 
 creeping vnder ground, and ihooting forth in diuers places, whereby it much encrea- 
 feth : the whole plant, and euery part of ir,fmdleth ftrong withoutany plcafant fent. 
 
 4. C/ffar innaw. The Holly Rofe of ayeare. 
 
 This fmall Cidus that endurethbutayear (and will require to be fownc euery year, 
 if ye will haue it)rifeth vp with draight,but flender hard dalkcs,fet hereand there con- 
 fufedly with long and narrow grcenilh leaues, very like vnto the leaues of the Gum 
 Cidus or Lcdon, being a little clammy withall : at the toppe of the flalkes, and at the 
 ioynts with the leaues, fland two or three pale yellow flowers, confiding of fiue leaues 
 a peece, with a reddilh fpot neere the bottome of euery leafe of the flower,as quickely 
 fading as any of the former : after which follow fmall three fquare heades, containing 
 fmall feede, like vnto the firfl female kinde, but fomewhat paler or yellower : the root 
 is fmall. and woody, and perifneth as foonc as it hath borne feede. 
 
 5. Cist ut Led*». The Gum Ciftus,orSweete Holly Rofe. 
 
 This fweete Holly Rofe or Gum Cidus, rifeth higher,and fpreadeth larger then the 
 former male kind doth, with many blackifh woody branches, whereon are fet diuers 
 long and narrow darkegreene leaues, but whitifh vnderneath, two alwayes flanding 
 together at a ioint,both Aalks and leaues bedeawed as it were continually with a clan£ 
 my fweete moidure (which inthe hot Countries is both more plentifull, andmore 
 fweet then in ours) almod tranfparent, and which being gathered by the inhabitants, 
 with certaineindruments for that purpofe (which in fome places areleatherthongs, 
 drawneouerthebuflies, and after feraped off from the thongs againe, and put toge- 
 ther) is that kind of blacke fweet gum, which is called Udinum in the Apothecaries 
 {hops : atthetopsofthebranchesftandfinglewhiteflowcrs, like vnto fingleRofes 
 being larger then in any of the former kindes, confiding of fiue leaues, whereof euery 
 one hath at the bottome a dark purplidi fpot, broad below, and fmall pointed vpwards, 
 with fome yellow threds in the middle : after which are paft, there arife cornered 
 
 heads. 
 
The (far den of pleaf ant Flowers* 
 
 i Ciflus nos The male Holiy Rofe. x cbamaciHui Frifucus. The dwarfe Holly Rofc of Frifa. i ' Ciflus Ledon. Thefwect Holljr 
 RofeorgummeOftu». 4 Ledum Alpinum. The irourutine Holly Rofc. 5 LedujnSilefiacum. Thcfwcct Mary Rofe of Silcfia, 
 6 Kofmamum aureum. Gilded Rofeoiary, 
 
 Na x 
 
 4 
 
l The (garden of plea) ant Flowers. 
 
 heads, containing fuch (mail brownilh feede as is in the former male kindc : the roote 
 is woody, and fpreadeth voder ground, abiding fome y cares, if it be placed vndc r a 
 wall, where it may bee defended from the windesthat often breake it, and from the 
 extremitieof our winters, andcfpcciallythefnow, if it lyevponit, which quickly 
 caufeth ir to perilh. 
 
 V 
 
 6. Ledum Alpinum feu Roft Alpine. The Mountaine fweet Holly Rofc. 
 
 The fragrant fmell with properties Correfpondcnt of two other planrs, caufeth me 
 to infertthem in this Chapter, and to bringthem to your knowledge, as well worthy 
 a fit place in our Garden. The firftoFthem hath diuersflender woody branches, two 
 foote high or thereabouts, couered with a gray ifh coloured barke, andmanytimes 
 leaning downetotheground, whereby it taketh roote againe : vponthefe branches 
 grow many thicke,lhort, hard greene leaues, thickefet together, confufedly without 
 order, fometimes whitilh vnderneath, and femetimes yellowilh : the toppes of the 
 branches are loden with many flowers, which caufe them to bend downwards, being 
 long, hollow and reddifb, opening into fiue corners, fpotted on the outfide with many 
 whitefpots, and of a paler red colour on the infide, of afinefweetfent : after the 
 flowers are part, there follow fmall heads, containing fmall brownifh feede : the root 
 is long, hard and woody, abiding better if it comprehend in the ground, then fomc of 
 the former, becaufe his Originali is out of a colder country. 
 
 7 . Ledum Silefucum. Thefweete Mary Role, 
 or Rofemary of Silefia. 
 
 This other fweeteplanterifeth vp with woody afh-coloured branches two foote 
 high or more, which (hoote forth other branches, of a reddilh or purplilh colour, co- 
 uered with a brownifh yellow hoarinelTe, on which are fet many narrow long greene 
 leaues like vnto Rofemary leaues, but couered with the like hoarinelTe as the ftalks are 
 (cfpeclally in the naturali places, but not fo much beingtranfplanted) and folding the 
 fides of the leaues fo clofc together, that they feeme nothing but ribbes, or ftalkes, of 
 an excellent fweet and pleafantfent •, at the ends of the branches there grow certaine 
 brownilh fcaly heads, made of many fmall leaues fet thicke together, out of which 
 breake forth many flowers. Handing in a tuft together, yet feuerally euery one vpon 
 his owne footftalkc, confiftingof fiue white leaues, withcertainewhitethredsinthe 
 middle, fmelliog very fweete : after which rife fmall greene heads, fpotted with 
 brownilh fpots, wherein is contained very fmall, long, yellowilh feede : the roote is 
 hard and woodic. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 The firft,fecond, fourth and fifth, grow in the hot Countries, as Italic, 
 Spaine,&c. Thethird,andthetwolallinthecolderCountries, asFrife- 
 land, Germanic, Bohemia. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 They do all flower in the Summer mpneths ofIune,Iuly and Auguft, and 
 their feede is ripe quickly after. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 The firft,fecond, fourth and lift, haue their names fufficiently expreffed 
 in their defetiptions. The third was fent vnto Clufius, vndcr the nameof 
 Herculue Fri ficus, becaufe of the ftrong fent : but he referreth it to the kinds 
 of Cbemeeijlue, that is, d warfe or low Ciftsa, both for the low growth, and 
 forthe flowers and feede fake. The fixt is diuerlly called ; for Clufius calleth 
 it Ledum Alpinum : Others , Nerium Alpinum, making ittobeeaRofe Bay. 
 
 Gcfner 
 
'The (garden of plea/ant Flowers, ^ 
 
 Gefner according to the Countrey peoples name, Reft ^Alpma, an d Ref* 
 M out am. Lobcl calleth ir Balfamum Alpirwm, of the fragrant fmell it hath 
 and chamxrbododendros CbamaUefolto.knd fomehaue called it Euonyntus 
 without all manner of judgement. InEnglifhweemaycallir, The Moun- 
 taine R ofe, vn till a fitter name be giuen it. The laft is called of Matthiolus 
 Sofmartnum [tlueftrc, but of Clulius Ledum, referring it to their kindred ■ 
 and Sitefiucum, becaufe he found it in that Countrey ; or for diftin&ion fake * 1 
 as he faith, it may bee called, Ledumfelys Rofmtrini, or Ledum'S ohemicum. 
 Cordus, as it feemeth inhisHiftoryof Plants, callethit chamxpeuee, as" 
 though he did account it akinde of low Pine,or Pitch tree. 
 
 TheVertues. , 
 
 The firft, fecond, andfift, are very aftringent, effeftuall for all forts of 
 fluxes of humours. The fweet Gum called Ledanum, made artificially into 
 oyle, is of lingular vfe for Alopecia, or falling of thehaire. Thcfeedofthe 
 fourthis.much commended againft the ftone of theKidneycs. Tfaefvveetc 
 Rofemary of Silefia is vfed of the inhabitants, whereit naturally groweth, 
 againft the fhrinking of fincwes,crampes,or other fuch like difeafcs,vvherof 
 their daily experience makes it familiar, being vfed in bathing or otherwife. 
 
 Chap. CXII. 
 
 So f marinum. Rofemary. 
 
 T Here hath becne vfually knowne but onefort of Rofemary, which is frequent 
 through all this Country :but there are fome other forts not fo well known - the 
 one is called Gilded Rofemary; the other broadeleafed Rofemary • a third I 
 will adioyne,as more rare then all the other, called Double flowred Rofmary,bccaufe 
 few haue heard thereof, much lefle feenc it,and my felfe am not well acquainted with 
 it, but am bold to deliuer it vpon credit. 
 
 I . Lib as otis Coronaria ftue Refmarinum vutgara. 
 
 Our Common Rofmary. 
 
 This common Rofemary is fo well knowne through all our Land, being in euery 
 womans garden, that it were fufficient but to name it as an ornament among other 
 fweete herbesand flowers in our Garden, feeing euery onecan deferibe it : but that I 
 mayfayfomethingof it, Itis well obferued, as well in this our Land (whereithath 
 been planted in Noblemens, andgreat mens gardens againft brickewals, and there 
 continued long)as beyond the Seas, in the naturali places whereit groweth, that it ri- 
 feth vp in time vnto a very great height, with a great and woody demine (of that cem- 
 paife, that (being douen out into thin boards) it hath ferued to make lutes, or fuch like 
 inftruments, and here with vs Carpenters rules, andtodiuers other purpofes) bran- 
 ching out into diuers and fundry armes that extenda great way, and from themagaine 
 into many other fmaller branches, wheron are fet at feueral diftances,at the ioy nts, ma- 
 ny very narrow long leaues, greeneaboue, and whitifbvnderneath . amongwhich 
 come forth towards the toppes of the ftalkes, diuers fweet gaping flowers, of a pale or 
 bleake blewifh colour, many fet together, ftanding in whitilh huskes ; the feed is final! 
 and red, but thereof feldome doth any plants arife that will abide without extraor- 
 dinary care ; for although it will fpring of the feede reafonable well, yet it is fo fmall 
 and tender the firft yeare, that a fharpe winter killeth it quickly, vnlelfe it be very well 
 defended : the whole plant as well leaues as flowers, fmelleth exceeding fweete. 
 
 a. Refmarinum friatum, fttu aureum. Gilded Rofemary. 
 
 This Rofemary differcth not from the former, in forme or manner of growing, nor 
 
 Nnj in 
 
*<♦ 
 
 4x6 The (jar den of pleajant Flowers, 
 
 in the forme or colour of the flower, but only in the leaues, which are edged, or flri- 
 ped, or pointed with a faire gold yellow colour, which fo continueth all the yearc 
 throughout, yet frefher and fairer in Summer then in Winter ; for then it will looke of 
 a deader colour, yet fo, that it may be difeerned to be of two colours, green & yellow. 
 
 3 . Rofmarinum latifolium. Broadc leafed Rofemary . 
 
 This broad leafed Rofemary groweth in the fame manner that the former doth but 
 that we haue not feene it in our Countrey fince we had it to grow fo great, or with fuch 
 woody ftemmes : the leaues ftand together vpon the long branches after the fame fa- 
 ihion, but larger, broader and greener then the other, and little or nothing whitiih 
 vnderneath : the flowers likewife are of the fame forme and colour with the ordinary 
 but larger, and herein confifteth the difference. 
 
 1 <3!Ol i’ ■ 1 1 1 - •- * 
 
 4. Rofmarinum flore duplici. Double flowred Rofmary. 
 
 The double flowred Rofmary thus far differeth from the former, that it hath ftron- 
 ger ftalkes, not fo eafie to breake, fairer, bigger and larger leaues, of a faire greene co- 
 lour, and the flowers are double, as the Larkes hcele or fpurre : This I haue onely by 
 relation, which I pray you accept, vntill I may by fight better enforme you. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 Our ordinary Rofmary groweth in Spaine, and Prouenceof France 
 and in others of thofe hot Country es^icere the Sea fide. It will not abide 
 (vnleffekeptinftoues)in many places of Germany, Denmarke, and thofe 
 colder Countries. And in feme extreame hard winters, it hath well necrc 
 perifhed here inEngland with vs, at the leaft in many places: but by flipping 
 it is vfually,and yearly encrcafed,to replenifh any garden. 
 
 ThcTirac. 
 
 It flowreth oftentimes twice in the yearc 5 in the Spring firft, from April 
 vntill the end of Mayorlune, and in Auguft and September after, if the 
 y care before haue been temperate. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 Rofmary is called of theancicnt Writers, Llbanotu, but with this diflin- 
 dlion, Stcphanomatica, that is, Coronaria, becaufethere were other plants cal- 
 led Libanotu, that were for other vfes, as this for garlands, where flowers 
 and fweete herbes were put together. The Latines call it Rofmarinum. Some 
 would make it to be Cneorum nigrum of Theophraftus,as they would make 
 Lauander to bee his Cneorum album, but Matthiolus hath fufficiently confu- 
 ted that errour. 
 
 TheVertues. 
 
 Rofmary is almofl of as great vfeas Bayes, or any other herbe both for 
 inward and outward remedies, and as well for ciuill as phyficall purpofes. 
 Inwardly for the head and heart 5 outwardly for the fin ewes and ioynts : 
 for ciuill vfes, as all doe know, at wcddings,funerals. See. to beftow among 
 friends : and rhephyficall are fo many, that you might bee as well tyred in 
 the reading, as I in the writing, if I (hould fet down all that might be faid of 
 it. I will therefore oncly giueyou atafle of fome, defil ing you will be con- 
 tent therewith. There is an excellent oyle drawne from the flowers alone 
 bytheheateof theSunne, auaileable for many difeafes both inward and 
 outward, and aceouated a foueraigne Balfame: it is alfo good to helpe dim • 
 
 nefle 
 
'T be (garden of pieafant Flowers . 
 
 ndl'e of fight, and to take away fpots,tnarkcs and fcarres from the skin • and 
 is made in this manner. Take a quantitie of the flowers of Rofemary, accor- 
 dingxo your owne will eyther more or le/Te, put them into a ftrong glafle 
 clofe flopped, let them in hot horfe dung to digeft for fourtcene dayes 
 which then being taken forth of the dung, and vnftopped, tye a fine linnen 
 cloth ouer the mouth, and turnedowne the mouth thereof into rhe mouth 
 of another ftrong glafTe, which being fet in the hot Sun, an oyle will diftill 
 downeinco the lower glade i which preferueas precious for the vfes before 
 recited, and many more, as experience by pradice may enforme diuers. 
 
 There is another oyle Chymically drawne,auaileable in the like manner 
 for many the famein ward and outward difeafes, ■viz. for the heart, rheuma- 
 ticke braines,and to ftrengthen the memory, outwardly to warme and com- 
 fort cold benummed finewes, whereof many of good iudgement haue had 
 much experience. 
 
 Chap. CXIII. 
 
 Myrtm. The Mirtle trecorbulh. 
 
 I N the hot Countreyes,therc haue been many forts of Mirtles found out, naturally 
 growing there, which will not frudifie in this of ours, nor yet abide without ex- 
 traordinary care, and conueniencie withall, to preferue them from the lharpenefic 
 of our winters. I lhall only bring you to view three forts in this my Garden, the one 
 with a greater, the other two with lefler leaues, as the remainder of others which wee 
 hauehad, and which are preferued from time to time, nbt without much paine and 
 
 i . Myrtus latifolii. The greater leafed Mirtle. 
 
 The broader leafed Mirtle rifeth vp to the height of foure or flue foote at the moft 
 with vs, full of branches and leaues growing likeafmall bulb, theftemmeand elder 
 blanches whereofare coucred with a dark coloured bark, but the young with a green 
 andfomewithared, efpccially vpon the fir ft (hooting forth, whereon arefetmany 
 frelh greene leaues, very fweet in fmell,and very pieafant to behold, fo neer refembling 
 the leaues of the Pomegranate tree that groweth with vs, that they foone deceiuc ma- 
 ny that are nor expert therein, being fomewhat broade and long, and pointed at the 
 ends, abiding alwaies green: at the ioy nts of the branches where the leaues ftand,came 
 forth the flowers vpon finall footeftalkes,euery one by it fclfe confiftine of fiue fmall 
 white leaues, with white threds in the middle, fmelling alfo very fweet: after the flow- 
 ers are paft, there doe arife in the hot Countries,where they are naturali, round blacke 
 berries, when they are ripe, wherein are contained many hard whitecrookedfeedes, 
 butneuer in this Counrrey, as I faid before : theroote difperfeth it felfe into many 
 branches, with many fibres annexed thereto. 1 
 
 2. Myrtus minor, feu minore folio. The fmaller leafed Mirtle. 
 
 The fmaller leafed Mirtle is a low fhrub or bulh, like vnto the former, but fcarcc ri* 
 ling fo high, with branches fpreading about the ftemme, much thicker fet with leaues 
 * t>rmcr ’ frailer alfo,and pointed at the ends, of a little deeper greene colonr, 
 abiding greene alfa winter andfummer, and very fweete likewife : the flowers are 
 white like vnto the former, and as fweete, but fliew not themfelues fo plentifull on the 
 branches : the fruit is blacke in his naturali places, with feedes therein as the former. 
 
 3. Myrtus minor rotundiorefolio. Boxe Mirtle. 
 
 Wee haue another fort of thisfmall kindeef Mirtle, fo like vnto the former both 
 for lmalneffe.deepe greene colour of the leaues, and thickegrowing of the branches, 
 
 that 
 

 418 
 
 c £ be (jar den of pleafant Flowers. 
 
 that it will be thought of mod, without good heede,and comparing the one with the o- 
 ther,to be the very fame with the form er :but if it bee Well viewed, it will fliew,by the 
 roundnettb at the ends of the leaues very like vnto the fmall Boxe leaues, to be another 
 differing kinde, although in nothing elife. Wee nourfe them with great rare, for ‘he 
 beautifullafpe&jiweete fentand raritie,as delights and ornaments for a garden of plea- 
 fure, wherein nothing fhould be wanting that art, care and coft might produce andpre- 
 ferue : as alfo to fet among other cuer greene plants to fort with them. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 Thefe, and many other forts of Mirtlcs grow in Spaine, Portugall, Italic, 
 and other hot Countries in great aboundance, where they make their hedges 
 of them : wee (as 1 faid) keepe them in this Countrey, with very great 
 care and diligence. 
 
 TheTime. 
 
 The Mirtles doe flower very late with vs, not vntill Augnft at the fooneft, 
 which is the caufe of their not fructifying. 
 
 . The Names. 
 
 They are called in Latine Myrtus, and in Englifh Mirtlc tree, without any 
 other diuerfitie of names, for the generali title. Yetthefeuerall kindeshaue 
 had feuerall denominations, in Plinies time, and others,as Renum, coniugsls, 
 Terentius, Egy ftu, slbs,nigrs, &c. which hauc noted the differences, cuen 
 then well obferued. 
 
 ThcVertues. 
 
 The Mirtle is of an aftringent qualitic,and wholly vfedfor fuch purpefes. 
 
 l i ■ ■ 
 
 Cmaf.CXIIII. 
 
 Mtlus Purnes ftue Grsusts. The Pomegranet tree. 
 
 T Here are two kindes of Pomegranet trees, The one tame or manured, bearing 
 fruit, which is diftinguilhed of fomc into two forts, of others into three, that 
 is,intofowcr,andfweet, and into fowerfwcete. The other Wilde, which bea- 
 reth no fruite, becaufe it beareth double flowers, like as the Cherry, A pple, and Peach 
 tree with double bloffomes, before deferibed, and is alfo diftinguilhed into two forts, 
 the one bearing larger, the other letter flowers. Of the manured kinde wee haueonely 
 one fort ffo farre as we know jfor it neuer beareth ripe fruit in this our Countrey )which 
 for the beautif ull afpe<3,both of the greene verdure of the leaues, and faire proportion 
 and colour of the flowers, as alfo for the raritie, arc nourfed in fome few of theirgar- 
 densthatdclightinfuchrarities : for in regard of thetenderneffe,thercisncedeof di- 
 ligent care, that is, to plant it againft a brick wall, and defend it conueniently from the 
 fharpenefleofour winters, to giue his Matter fome pleafure in feeing it beare flowers : 
 And of the double kinde we haueas yet obtained but one fort, although I fliall giue you 
 the knowledge and defeription of another. 
 
 I. At slue Punict fat ins. The tame Pomegranet tree. 
 
 This Pomegranet treegroweth not very high in his naturali places, and wirh vs fbmi- 
 times it fhooteth forth from the roote many brownifh twigges or branches, or if it bee 
 pruned from them, and fufferedtogrow vp, itrifethtobeefeuenoreightfoorehigh, 
 
 fpreadjng 
 
The (jar den of p leaf ant Flowers, 
 
 I \My w lattfo'.iamaior. The broad leafed Myrtle. » Myrti* a*g ufhtoli* minor. The fmall leafed Myrrle. 1 Mjrttu buxifnU minor. T’lia 
 Boxele .fe I Myrtle. 4 MilmGr^tu, /tnuliei floro. The ordinary Pome-ranet tree, f 'BaUnfiium R»r,,Mnum}fiuni >lu4 The Idler double flwei 
 Pome granet tree. * 'BaUuftm-n maim /Iwr ^yprium. The greater double flowred Pomegranct, 7 r Pf<*doc 4 pf.c>im fin Plioij , The W»nt« 
 
 Cherry tree* i Fictulnditneim fk» frnibt. Tho Indian Figgctrco tad bu feuis* 
 
C J be (jar den of p leaf ant Flowers. 
 
 fprcading into many fmall and (lender branches, here and there fet with thorncs , and 
 with many very faire greenc (hining leaues , like in forme and bignefle vnto the leaues 
 of the larger Myrtle before deferibed , euery one hauing a fmall reddidi foote-ftalke 
 vpon thefe branches : among the leaues come forth here and there , long , hard, and 
 hollow reddifh cups, diuided at the brimmes , wherein doe (land large (ingle flowers, 
 euery one confiding of one whole leafe,fmaller at thebottorae then at the brimme, 
 like bels, diuided as it were at the edges into fiue or fix parts , of an orient red or crim- 
 fon colour in the hotter Countries • but in this it is much more delayed , and tenderh 
 neare vntoablu(h,with diuers threads in the middle. The fruit is great and round, ha- 
 lting as it were a crowne on the head of it, with athicke tough hardskinne or rinde, of 
 a brownifh red colour on the outfide^tnd yellow within, ftuffed or packt full of fmalf 
 graines, euery one encompaft with a thin skin, wherein is contained a clcare red iuyee 
 orliquor, either of a fweet (as I faid before) or fower tafte , or betweenc them both of 
 a winie tafle : the rootc difperfeth it (elfe very much vnderground. 
 
 2 .Balaujlium maim put Malm Tunic* filucflru maitr. 
 
 The greater wilde or double bloflomd Poracgranet tree. 
 
 ThewildePomegranctislikevntothc tame in the number of purplifh branches, 
 hauing thornes , and (hining faire greene leaues , fomewhat larger then the for- 
 mer : from the branches likewife (hootc forth flowers, farre more beautifull then 
 thofeof the tame or manured fort, becaufe they are double, and as large as a double 
 Prouince Rofe, or rather more double, of an excellent bright crimfon colour, tending 
 to a filken carnation, (landing in bro wnifli cups or fauskes, diuided at the brims vfually 
 into foure or fiue feuerall points, like vnto the former, but that in this kinde there neuer 
 followeth any fruit, no not in the Country, where it is naturally wilde. 
 
 3 . "BaUnHium minus. The fmaller wilde Pomegranet tree. 
 
 This fmaller kinde diflfereth from the former in his leaues, being of a darker greenc 
 colour, but not in the height of the ftemme, or purpliftinefle of his branches, or thorns 
 vpon them ; for this doth (hew it fclfc more like vnto a wilde kind then it : the flowers 
 hereof are much fmaller, and not fothickc and double, of a deeper or fadder red O- 
 rengc tawny colour, fet alfo in fuch like cups or huskes. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 The tame ormanured kinde groweth plentifully in Spaine, Portugall,' 
 and Italy, and other in other warmeandhotcountries. Wee (as I faid be- 
 fore^ preferuc it with great care. The wilde I thinke was neuer feenein 
 England, beforelohnTradefcantemy very louing good friend brought it 
 from the parts beyond the Seas, and planted it in his Lords Garden at 
 Canterbury. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 They flower very late with vs, that is, notvntill the middle or end of 
 Auguft,and thecold eueningsot frofts comming fofoone vponit, doth 
 notonely hinder it from bearing, but many times the (harpe winters fo 
 pinch it, thatitwitherethit downe to the ground, (othat oftentimes it 
 hardly fpringethagainc. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 The name Malus Punic a for the tree, and Malam Punicum for the fruit , or 
 Malm Granata, and Malum Granatum, is the common name giuen vnto this 
 tree, which is called in Englilh the Pomegarnetor Pomegranet tree. The 
 flowers of the tame kinde arc called Cytini, as Diofcorides faith, although 
 Pliaic feemeth cither to make Cjtinnt to be the flower of the wiidekindc,or 
 
 Balaustium 
 
The (jar den of pleafant Flmers. 
 
 43 1 
 
 BaLtasliumtobc the flower of both tame andwilde kinder but properly, as 
 I take it, Cfti/eus is the cup wherein the flower as well of the tame as wilde 
 kindedoth (land ; for vnto the fimilitudc of them, both the flowers of Afi- 
 rttm, and tilt feede veflels oiHy of c ramus zxc compared and refembled , and 
 notvnro.the whole flower : the barke or rindcofthe fruit is called ofdiucrs 
 Sidle», and in the Apothecaries (hops Pfidtum, and cortex Grunuternm. The 
 wildekindeis called Mtlw Punici fdtuttru In Englifh, The w'tide Pome- 
 granet tree ; the flower thereof is properly called BaUajlium, The Idler kind 
 is vfually calk'd BaUuJlium Rtmsnum , as the greater is called Crettcum and 
 Cypninum, becaufe they gro we in Candy and Cyprus. 
 
 The Vertues. 
 
 The vfe of all thefc Pomegranets is very much in Phy ficke, tocoole and 
 bindeallfluxibility both of body and humours : they are alfo of Angular 
 effed in all vlccrs of the mouth, and other parts of the body , both of mail 
 and woman. There is no part of them but is applyedforfomeof thefere- 
 fpe&s.The rindealfo of the Pomegranet is vfed ofdiucrs in ftead of Gaules, 
 to make the bed fort ofwriting Inke, which is durable to the worlds end. 
 
 Chap. CXV. 
 
 Tlinij feu Pfeadectpficum, 
 
 Tree Night (hade or the Winter Cherry tree. 
 
 I Haue adioyned this plant, for the pleafurable beauty of thegreene leaues, and red, 
 berries. Itgrowethvptobeayardorfourefoote high at the mod, hauing afmall 
 wooddy (femme or ft ocke, as bigge as ones finger or thumbe, couered with a whi- 
 ti(h greene barke, fet full of greene branches, and faire greene leaues , fomewhat vne- 
 uenfometimes on the edges, narrower then any Night (hade leaues, and verynearc 
 refembling the leaues of the C ipjkum, or Ginny pepper, but fmaller and narrower, fal- 
 lingaway in the Winter, andfhooting frefhinthe Spring of the yeare: the flowers 
 growe often two or three together, at the ioynts of the branches with the leaues, being 
 white, opening ftarre-fafliion , and fometimes turning themfelues backc , with a yel- 
 low pointell in the middle, verylikevnto theflowersof Nightlhaderaftertheflow- 
 ersare pad, come forth in theirfteadfmallgrecne buttons, whichafterturnetobe 
 pleafant round red berries , of the bignelle of fmall Cherries when they are ripe,' 
 which with vs vfually ripen not vntillthe.Wmter, or about Chriftmas, wherein are 
 contained many fmall whitifh feede that are flat : all the whole plant, as well leaues 
 and flowers as feede, are without either fmell ortaftc : theroote hath many ycllowilh 
 firings and fibres annexed vnto it. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 The originali place hereof is not well knowne, butis thought tobcethe 
 Weft Indies. It hath been planted of long time in mod of thefc Countries, 
 where it abideth reafonable well, fo that fome care bee had thereof in the 
 extreamity of the Winter. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 It flowreth fometimes in Iune, but vfually in Iuly and Auguft, and the 
 fruit is aot tipc (as is faid) vntill the Winter. 
 
 The 
 
The Cjarden of pleafant Flowers. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 This plant hath diucrs names ; for it is thought to be that kindc of 
 mam that Plinie fetteth downe. Dodonaeus calleth it Pfeadccap ficum , for 
 fomelikeneffe in the leafe and fruit vntothe {mattCapficnm or Ginnie Pep- 
 per , although much vnlike in the tafte and property. Others doe call it 
 Stnchnodtndrtn, that is, Soltnum arborcfcens , and wee in Englifh according 
 thereunto, Tree Night (hade. But fome Latine affes corrupting the Latine 
 word limemur») doe call it the Mumme tree. Dalechampius callcth it Sola- 
 num Amcncum , feu Indicum, and faith the Spaniards call it in their tongue, 
 Guiadas de las indixi, that is, Ceraf a Indiana, Indian Cherries, which if any 
 would follow , I would not bee muchagainft it : but many Gentlewomen 
 doe call them Winter Cherries , bccaufe the fruit is not throughly ripe vn- 
 till Winter. 
 
 ThcVertues. 
 
 I finde no Phyficall property allotted vnto it, more then that byreafon 
 of the infipidity, itisheldto be cooling. 
 
 Chap. CXVI. 
 
 Ficua Indica minor. Thefmallcr Indian Figgetrec. 
 
 T His Indian Figge tree, if you will call it a tree (becaufe in our Country it is not 
 fo,although it growethin the naturali hot Countries from a wooddy ftemme 
 or body into leaues)is a plant confiding only ofleaues,one fpringing out of an- 
 other, into many branches ofleaues, and all of them growing out of one leafe, put in- 
 to the ground halfe way, which taking roote, all the reft rife out thereof,thofe bclowe 
 for the moft part being larger then thofeaboue ; yet all of them fomewhatlong , flat, 
 and round pointed, of the thicknefle of a finger vfually, and fmallcft at the lower end, 
 where they are ioyned or fpring out of the other leaues , hauing at their firft breaking 
 out a (hew of finall , red , or browne prickcs , thicke fet ouer all the vpper fide of the 
 leaues, but with vs falling away quickly, leauing onely the markes where they flood : 
 but they hauebefides this (hew ofgreat prickcs, a few very fine, and finall, hard, white, 
 and (harpe, almoft infenfible prickcs, beingnotfobiggeashairesonthevnderfide, 
 which will often fticke in their fingers that handle them vnaduifedly, neither are they 
 to be difeerned vnleffe onelook precifely forthem: the leaues on the vnderfide hauing 
 none of thofe other great pri cks or marks at all.being of a fake frefh pale green colour : 
 out ofthe vppermoft leaues breake forth certaine greene heads , very like vnto leaues 
 (fo that many are deccitied, thinking them to be leaues, vntill they marke them better, 
 and be better experienced in them) but that theygrowe round and not flat, and are 
 broad at the toppe 5 for that out of the tops of eueryof them (liooteth out a pale yel- 
 low flower, confiding of two rowes of leaues , each containing fiue leaues a pcece, 
 laid o pen with certaine yellow threads, tipt with red in the middle : this greene head, 
 vntilltheflo.werbepaft, is not of halfe that bignefle thatit attained) vnto after , yet 
 feldome or neuer commeth vnto perfection with vs, being long and round, like vntoa 
 „ Figge,fmall bclowe,and greater aboue, bearing vpon the flat or broad head the marke 
 of the flower; fome holding (till on them the dryed leaues, and others hauing loft 
 them, (hew the hollowneffe which they haue in the toppe or middle of the head , the 
 fides round about being raifed or ftandingyp higher : this head or figge in our Coun- 
 try abideth greene on the outfide , and little or nothing reddilh within (although it a- 
 bideall the Winter, and the Summer following, as (ometimesitdoth) forwantof 
 lhathcate and comfort of the Sunneit hath in his naturali place, where it groweth 
 * reddilh 
 
The Cjarden of plea) ant Flmen, 
 
 reddidi on the outdde, and containing within it a bioudy red clammy iuyce , making 
 the vrinc of them that cate of them as red as bloud, which many feeing, wcre’in doubt 
 of thcmfelues, left their vrine were not very bloud • of what fweetneife, likeafigge 
 in the naturali places, lamnptweli alfurcd, yetaffirmed: butthofethathauebeene 
 brought vnto me, whofe colour on the outfide was greenifli, were of a reddidr purple 
 within, and contained within them round, fmall,hardfeede, the tafte was flat, wate- 
 ri(h,or infipide : the roote js neither great, nor difperfeth it felfe very deepe or farre, 
 but (hooteth many (mail rootes vndcr the vpper cruft of the earth. 
 
 T here is a greater kinde hereof, whofe leaues are twice or thrice as bigge, vyhickha- 
 uing been often brought vs , will fcldome abide morethen one Summer with vs, our 
 Winters ahvaies rotting the leaues, that it could not be longer kept. 
 
 
 TIM 
 
 The Place. 
 
 This Indian Figgetreegroweth difperfedly in many places of Ame- 
 rica, generally called the Weft Indies: The greater kinde in the more re- 
 mote and hot Countries, as Mexico, Florida, &c. and in the Bermudas or 
 Summer Iflands, from whence wee haueoften had it. Theleflcrin Virgi- 
 nia, and thofe other Countries that are nearer vnto vs, which better endu- 
 rethwithvs. 
 
 The Time. < . -acL* 
 
 It flowreth with vs fomerimes in May, or Iunc 5 but (as I faid) the fruit ne- 
 ucr coiamethto perfciftion in this Country. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 Diuers doe take it to bee Of unfit Vliny , whereof hec fpeaketh in the 2 1. 
 Booke and 17. Chapterofhis Naturali Hiftory : but he there faith , Ofnn- 
 r/'aisan herbe, fweete and pleafant to be eaten, and that it is a wonder that 
 the roote (liould come from the leafe, and fo to gro we j which words al- 
 though they defeipher out the manner of thegrowing of this plant, yet be- 
 caufe this is a kinde of tree, and not an herbe, nor to be eaten , it cannot bee 
 the fame : but efpecially becaufe there is an herbe which groweth in the 
 fame manner, or very neare vnto it, one leafe (landing on the toppe or fide 
 of another, being a Sea plant, fit to be eaten with vinegar and oyle (as many 
 other herbes are that growc in the fait marlhes, or neare the Sea, whereof 
 Sea Purflane is one) which Clufius calleth tycbtn Mtr'mus , and (as Cludus 
 faith) Cortufus very fitly called Opunfit mtrint, and out of doubt is the vc- 
 rie fame Of unfit that Theophraftusmaketh mention of, and Plinic out of 
 him. Our Englilh people in Virginia , and the Bermuda Ifland, where it 
 groweth plentifully .becaufe of the form ofthe fruit, which is fomewhat like 
 to a Peare, & not being fo familiarly acquainted with the growing of Figs, 
 fent it vnto vs by the name of the prickly Peare, from which name many 
 haue fuppofed it to be a Peare indeede, but were therein decciued. 
 
 TheVertues. 
 
 There is no other efpeciall property giuen hereunto, by any that haue 
 written of the Weftlndies, thenof the colouring of the vrine, as is be- 
 fore laid. 
 
 ^ IS A 
 
 09 
 
The (far den of plea/ant Flowers. 
 
 444 - 
 
 Chap. cxvii. 
 
 Xae* put Imcci. The fuppofed Indian Iucca. 
 
 T His rare Indian plant hath a great thicketuberousroote (fpreading in time in- 
 to many tuberous heads) from the head whereof (hoottth forth many long, 
 hard, and guttured leaues, very (harpe pointed , compaffing as it were one an- 
 other at the bottome, ofa gray irtl greene colour , which doe not fall away , but abide 
 euergreene on the plant ; from the middle whereof fpringeth forth (nowand then, 
 but not euery yeare) a ftrong round ftalke, diuided into diuers branches, whereon 
 ftanddiuerswhite,andfomewhat large flowers, hanging downc their heads, con li- 
 fting of fix leaues, with diuers veines, ofa weake reddifh or blufh colour, fpread on the 
 backeofthe three outer leaues, efpecially from the middle of the leaues to the bot- 
 tome, andnotrifingto theedgeof the leafe of any flower, which fail away without 
 bearing any feede in our Country, as farre as euer could beobferued either in the plane 
 that Mailer Gerard kept a long time by him, or by Robinus at Paris his plant, which 
 Mafter Gerard fent vnto him, or yet by that planr, that V efpafian Robin the (onne of 
 old Robin fent vnto Mafter Iohn de Franqucuille,and now abideth and fleuriflicth in 
 py Garden. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 It was firft brought into England (as Mafter Gerard faith) from the Weft 
 Indies, by a feruant of Mafter Thomas Edwards, an Apothecary of Exeter, 
 and imparted to him, who kept it vnto his death : but perifhed with him 
 that got it from his widow, intending to fend it to his Country houfe. 
 
 ** { * i, j n > it t a a * 
 
 The Time. 
 
 It flowreth not vntill luly , and the flowers fall away fodainely, after 
 they haue bcene bio wne open a while. 
 
 ThcNamcj. 
 
 Mafter Gerard firft as I thinke called it Inca , fuppofing it to bee the true 
 Tmct of rbtnct , wherewith the Indians make bread, called Ciffttnn : but the 
 true Inca is deferibed to haue a leafe diuided into feuen or nine parts, which 
 thishathnot : Yet not knowing by what better name to call it, let it hold 
 ft ill his firft impofition, vntill a fitter may begiuen it. 
 
 TheVertues. 
 
 Wee haue not heard of any, that hath either read, heard , or experimen- 
 ted the faculties hereof, nor yet whetherit hath good or euili tafte ; for be- 
 ing rare, andpoflefled butbyafew, they that haue it are lothto’cutany 
 thereof, forfeareof fpoilingandlofingthe whole roote. 
 
 Some haue affirmed , thatin feme parts ofTurkie, where asthey fay this 
 plant growetli , they makca kinde of cloth from the threads are found run- 
 ning through theleaues ; bur I finde the threads are fo ftrong and hard , that 
 fhis cannot be that plant the relators meanc is vfed in that manner. 
 
 Chap. 
 
 r 
 
43 <5 The (jar den of plea/ant Flowers. 
 
 Chap. CXVIII. 
 
 Arhor vit*. The tree of life. 
 
 T He tree of life rifeth vp in fome places whereit hath flood Ion?, to be a tree of 
 a reafonable great bignefTe and height , couered with a redder barke then any 
 other tree in our Country that I know, thewood whereof is firme and hard 
 and fpreadeth abroad m any armes and branches, which againe fend forth many fmal- 
 lertwigges, bending downewards; from which twiggy or {lender branches, bein® 
 flat thcmfelues like the leaues,comc forth on both fides many flat winged leaues fome- 
 whatlikevntoSauine, being fhort and fmall , but not pricking, feeming as if they 
 were brayded or folded like vnto a lace or point , of a darke ycllowilh greene colour 
 abiding greene on the branches W inter and Summer , of a ftrong refinous tafte not 
 pleafiag to moft, but in fome ready to procure calling, yet very cordiall and pe&orall 
 alfo to them that can endure it : at the toppesof the branches {land fmall yellowifli 
 dounie flowers, fet in fmall fcaly heads , wherein lye fmall, long, brownifli feede 
 which ripen well in many places, and being fowne, doe fpring and bring forth plants’ 
 which with fome fmall care will abide the extreameft Winters we haue. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 The firft or originali place where it naturally groweth , as farreas I can 
 learne or vndcrftand , is that part of America which the French doe inha- 
 bite, aboutthe riuer of Canada, which is at thebacke of Virginia North- 
 ward, and as it feemeth, firft brought by them from thence into Europe, in 
 the time of Francis the firft French King, whereit hath fo plentifully en- 
 creafed, and fo largely beene diftributed, that now few Gardens of refpedl 
 either in France, Germany, the Lowe. Countries, or England, are without it! 
 
 The Time. 
 
 It flowreth in the end of May , and in Iune- the fruit is ripe in the end 
 «f Auguftand Sptember. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 A 11 the Writers that haue written of it, fincc it was firft Inownc haue 
 made it to be Tbujegemu, a kinde of Thuya, which Theophraftus compa- 
 reth vnto a Cy preffc tree, in his fifth Book and fifth Chapter : but Omnef. 
 mile non cjl idem, and although it haue fome likenefte, yet I veril'ybeleeucitis 
 proprium fui genu,, a proper kinde of it owne , not to beeparalleld with any 
 other. For wee finde but very few trees, herbes, or plants in America 
 like vnto thofe that growein Europe, the hither part of Africa , or in the’ 
 Iefler Afia, as experienceteftificth. Some would make it to be Cedrus Licit 
 but fo it cannot be. The French that firft brought it , called it Arbor vite 
 with what reafon or vpon what ground I know riot : but euer fince it hath 
 continued vnder the title of the T ree of life. 
 
 TheVertucs. 
 
 It hath beene found by often experience, that the leaues hereof chewed 
 in the morning faft ing, for fome few day es together, haue done much good 
 to diucrs,that haue beene troubled with IhortnefTe of breath and to heloe 
 to expedio rate t hin ne purulentous matter fluffing the lungs. Other proper 
 ties I haue not heard that it hath 5 but doubtlefte, the hot refinous fmell and 
 
 tafte 
 
T be (jar den of plea! ant Flowers, 
 
 tafte it hath , both while it is frelh, and after it hath beene long keprJrv“ 
 dorheuidcmly declare his tenuity of parts, adigeftingand cleanfing qua- 
 
 SSSi &S- w '“ h “ ^ ■>- 
 
 +?7 
 
 Chap. CXIX. 
 
 Arbor lui*. Iudas tree. ‘ 
 
 I Vdas tree rifeth vp in fome places, where it ftandeth open from a wall and alone 
 free from other trees (as in a Garden at Battherfey , which fometimesa^oc belon- 
 ged to Matter Morgan, Apothecary to the late Qutcne Elizabeth ofhmous me- 
 mory) to! be a very great and tall tree, exceeding any Apple tree in height , and equall 
 in bignefle of body thereunto (as my fel.fe can teftifie , being ari eye witoefle thereof) 
 when as it had many (hikes of flowers, being in the bud , breaking out of the body of 
 the tree throug h the ba kem diuers places, when as there was no bough orbranchiicar 
 them by a yard at the lead, or yet any leafe vponthetree, which they gatherer to put 
 among other flowers, for Nofegayes) and in otherplaces.it growah to bee Lut ati 
 hedge bulb, or plant , with many fuckers and Ihoores from belowe , coucred with a 
 darke red.l.ili barke , the young branches being more red or purplrfli : the flowers on 
 the branches come forth before any flrew or budding of leaucs, three or fouieftan- 
 ‘hig together vpon a fmall foote-ftalkc, which are in falbion lrke vnto Pcale blof- 
 lomesbutof an excellent deepcpurplillicrimfon colour: after which cotnein their 
 places fo many long, flat, large, and thihne cods, of abrownifli colour, wherein are 
 contained fma!l,blackifh browne, flat, and hard feede .-.the route is great , and run- 
 neth both deepe, and farre fpreading in the earth : thcleauescome forth by them- 
 felues, euery one (landing on a long (hike, being hard & very round, like vnto the leafe 
 of the largcfi Afumm, but not fo thick, of a whitifh green on the vpper fide and «ray ilia 
 vnderneath , which fall away eueryyeare, and fpring a frell) after the Spring is well 
 come in, and the buds of flowers are fprung. 
 
 There is another of this kinde , growing in fome places very high , fomewhar like vlmolU 
 the former, and in other places alfo full of twiggy branches, which are greener then 
 the former, as the leaues are likewife : the flowers of this kinde are wholly white and 
 the cods nothing fo red or browne, in all other things agreeing together. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 The former groweth plentifully in many places of Spaine, Italy Pro- 
 uence in France , and in many other places. The other hath beene fent vs 
 out of Italy many times, and the feede hath fprung very well with vs, but it 
 lsfomcwhat tender to keepe in the Winter. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 The flowers (as I faid)appeare before the leaues, and come forth in A- 
 prill and May, and often fooneralfo, the leaues following (hottly after- 
 but neither of them bcareth perfetf feedein our Country, that euer I could 
 learnc, or know by mine owne or others experience. 
 
 , The Names. 
 
 Some would referre this to Cw«, whereof Theophraftus maketh men- 
 tion in his firft Booke and eighteenth Chapter, among thofe trees that beare 
 their fruit in cods , like as Pulfedoerand heeremembrethitagaineinthe 
 fourteenth Chapter of his third Booke , and maketh it not vnlikethe white 
 
 Oo j Poplar 
 
C lhc (jar den of p leaf ant Flowers. 
 
 Poplar tree, both in greatneffe and whiteneffe of the branches, with the leafe 
 of anluie, without corners on the one parr, cornered onthc other, and 
 fliarpe pointed, greeneonboth fides almoft dike, hauingfo (lender long 
 footeftulkcs that the leaues cannot ftand forthright, but bend downward ° 
 with a more rugged barke then the white Poplar tree. Clufius thinketh this 
 large defeription is but an ample defeription of the third kinde of Poplar, 
 called Lybia, the Afpen tree, which Gazatranflateth Alfint ; but who fo 
 will well confidcr it, (hall fiud.e it neyther anfwerable to any Poplar tree,in 
 that it bcareth not cods as cercu doth 5 nor vnto this Arbor ludt, becaufeit 
 beareth not white branches. Glufius lairh alfo, that the learned of Mom- 
 pelier in .his time, referred it to Coljtet of Theophraftus in his third booke 
 and feuenteenth chapter, where he doth liken it to the leaues of the broadeft 
 
 leafed Bay tree, but larger and rounder, green on the vpperfide, and whittlh 
 vnderneath, and whereunto (as hefaith) Theophraftus giueth cods in the 
 fourteenth chapter of the fame third booke:and by the contracting of their 
 deferiptions both together, faith, they agree vnto this Iudas tree. But I find 
 fome doubts and differences in thefe places : for the CeluUt that Diofcori- 
 des -nentioneth in the faid fourteenth chapter of his third booke, hath (as 
 hefaith there) aleafe likevnto the Willow, and therefore cannot bee the 
 fame Colutxt mentioned in the feuenteenth chapter of the fame third book 
 which hath abroade Bay leafe : indeede heegiueth feedein cods : but 
 that with broadc Bay leaues is fas he faith) without eyther flower or fruite • 
 and befides all this, he faith the rootes are very yellow, which is not to bee 
 found in this rbor I yds, or Iudas tree: let others now iudge if thefe things 
 
 can bee well reconciled together. Some haueforthelikeneffeof thccods 
 vnto Beane cods, called it Fuitgt. And Clufius called it Sthqui filuepu. 
 It is generally in thefe day es called ^Arbtr ludt, and in Engliih after the La- 
 tine name, vntill a fitter may be had, Iudas tree. 
 
 The Vert ues. 
 
 There is nothing extant in any Author of any Phyficallvfeithath, ney- 
 ther hath any later experience found out any. 
 
 C H AP. CXX. 
 Liburnum, Beane Trefoile. 
 
 T Here be three forts of thefe codded trees or plants, one neerc refembling ano- 
 ther, whereof Anagfris of Diofcorides is one. The other two are called Li- 
 burnum • the larger whereof Matthioluscalleth Anagfris then, and fo doe 
 fome others alfo : the third is of the fame kinde with the fecond, but fmaller. I lhall 
 not for this our Garden trouble you or my felfe withanymore of themthenone, 
 which is the leffer of the two Liburnum , in that it is more frequent, and that it will far 
 better abide then the Antgjru, which is fo tender, that it will hardly endure the winters 
 of our Countrcy : and the greater Ltburnum is not fo eafily to be had. 
 
 Laburnum. Beane Trefoile. 
 
 This codded tree rifeth vp with vs like vnto a tall tree, with a reafonabJe great body 
 xf it abide any long time in a place, couercd with a fmooth greene barke^ the branches 
 are very long, greene, pliant, and bending any way, whereon are fet here and there di- 
 uers leaues, three alwaies (landing together vpona long ftalk, being fomwhat long,and 
 not very narrow, pointed at the ends, greene on the vpperfide, and of afiluerlhining 
 colour vnderneath, without any fmell at all .• at the ioynts of thefe branches, where 
 ,the leaues ftand,come forth many flowers, much like vnto broome flowers, but not fo 
 
 large 
 
U he garden of plea) ar,t Flowers* 4 
 
 large or open, growing about a very long branch or ftalke, fometimes a good fpan or 
 more in length, and of a faire yellow colour, but not very deepe . after which come 
 flat chin cods, not very long or broade, but as tough and hard as the cods of Broome- 
 wherein are contained blackifli (cede, like, but much Idle then the (cede of Ananris 
 vera (which areas bigas a kidney beane, purplifh and fpotted) : theroote thrufteth 
 
 down deepe into theground,fpreading alfofarre,andis of a yellowiih colour. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 . • -1 
 
 This treegroweth naturally in many of thewoods of Italic, andvpon 
 the Alpcs al fo, and is therefore ftill accounted to be that Laburnum that Pli- 
 nie calleth Arbor Alpina. It gro weth in many gardens with vs. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 t • ~ . . K ' . * 
 
 It flowreth in May,the fruit or cods, and the feedes therein are ripe in the 
 end of Auguft, or in September. 
 
 TheNames. 
 
 This tree (as I faid before) is called of Matthiolus Anagyris altera. fiueTe- 
 eunda, of Cordus, Gefner and others, efpecially of moft now adayes, z«. 
 burnum. It is probable in ray opinion, that this (hould bee that Colutaa of 
 Theophraftus, mentioned in the fourteenth Chapter of his third book with 
 
 thelcafeof a Willow ; for if yon take any oneleafeby it felfe,it may well 
 refemble a W Blow leafe both for forme and colour, and bcareth fmall feed 
 in cods like vnto pulfcas that doth. Of fome it hath beene taken for a kinde 
 of Cytifiu, but not truely. WecallitinEnglilh,BeaneTrefoile, in regard 
 of his cods and feedc therein , fomewhat like vnto Kidney Beanes andof 
 , theleaues, three al way es (landing together, vatill a more proper name 
 
 may bee giuen iti 
 
 The Vermes. 
 
 There is no vfe hereof inPhyficke withvs, nor in the natural! place of 
 thegrowmg, faue only to prouoke a vomit,which it will doe very ftrongly,' 
 
 Chap. CXXI. 
 
 Cytifus. TreeTrefoile. 
 
 T Here are fo many forts of Cytifiu or T rec trcfoilcs, that if I fhould relate them 
 all, I (hould weary the Reader to oucrlooke them, whereof the moft part per- 
 taine rather to a generali worke then to this abftradt. I (hall not therefore trou- 
 ble you with any fupcrfluous,but only with two, which we haue nourfed vp to furnifts 
 wafte places in a garden. 
 
 Cytifiu Maranth a. Horned T ree Trefoile. 
 
 This T ree T refoile which is held of moft Herbarifts to bee the true Cytifiu of Dio- 
 fcorides, vifeth vp to the height of a man at the moft, with a body of the bignefle of a 
 mans thumbe,coueved with a whitilh bark, breaking forth into many whitilh branches 
 fpreading farre,befet in many places with fmall leaues, three alwayes fet together vp- 
 on a fmall (hort footeftalke, which arc rounder, and whiter then the leaues of Beane 
 Trefoile : attheendsof the branchesforthemoft part, comeforth the flowers three 
 orfourctogethers, of a fine gold colour, andof the faftiion of Broome flowers, but 
 
44 ° 
 
 Q fbt (fat den of pleajant Flowers. 
 
 not lo large : aliercheflowcrsarcpaft, there comein their places crooked flat thinne 
 cods, of the falbion of a lialfe moonc, or crooked home, whitifh when they are ripe, 
 wherein are contained blacktfh feede : the root? is hard and woody, fpreading diuers 
 wayes vnder the ground : the whole plant hath a pretty fmall hot lent. 
 
 Cjtifns vulgttitr. The common Tree T refoile. 
 
 This Cytipis is the moll common in this Land, of any the other forts of tree trefoiles, 
 hauinga blackilhcolourdbarke, the ftemme orbody whereof is larger then the for- 
 mer, both for height and fpreading,bearuig alfo three leaues together, but fmallcr and 
 greener then the former : the flowers are (mailer, but of the fame fafliion and colour: 
 the cods blackifli and thin, and not very long, or great, but lefler then Broornrcods, 
 wherein there lyeth fmall blackifli hard feede : the roote is diuerfly diipcrfed in the 
 
 ground. 
 
 ;rfi. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 Thefirftgroweth in the kingdome of Naples, and no doubt in many 
 other places of Italic, as Matthiolus faith. The other groweth iu diuers 
 places of France. 
 
 The Time. ^ 
 
 They flowerforthcmoftpartinMayor lune : the feede is ripe in Au- 
 guft or September. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 Thefirft(aslfaid) is thought of mod to be the true Cytifiet of Diofcori- 
 des,and as is thought, was in thefe later dayes firft found by Bartholomams 
 Maranta ofNaples, who fent it firdto Matthiolus, and thereupon hath cuer 
 fin cc been e called after his nime, Cpt/us Maranl h<e. Some doe call it Cytifua 
 Lnnatnt, becaufe the cods are made fomewhatlike vntoan halfeMoone. 
 We call it in Englifh, Horned T reeTrefoile.The orher is called Crti/us vul- 
 gati or vulgatur-, in Englifh, The common Tree Trefoile, becaufe we haue 
 not any other fo common. 
 
 TheVertues. 
 
 The chiefeft vertucs that are appropriate to thefe plants, are to procure 
 milke in womens breads, to fatten pullen,(heep &c.and to be good for bees. 
 
 Chap. CXXIL 
 Cilutaa. The Badard Sena Tree. 
 
 W Ee haue in our Gardens two or three forts of the Badard Sena tree ; a 
 greater as I may fo call ir, and two leffer : the one with round thin tran- 
 f parent skins like bladders, wherein are the feede : the others with long 
 round cods, the one bunched out or fwelling in diuers places, like vnto a Scorpions 
 tale, wherein is the feede, and the other very like vnto it, but fmaller. 
 
 x. ColttUa V tficaria. Thegreater Badard'Sena with bladders. 
 
 This dirub or rree,or (hrubby tree,which you pleafe to call it, rifeth vp to the height 
 of a oretty tree, the demme ordock being fometimes of the bigneffe of a mans arme, 
 souvred with a blackifli grecne rugged barkc, the wood whereof is harder then of an 
 
 Elder, 
 
The (jar den of pieafant (lowers. 
 
 44 1 
 
 Elder, but with an hollosvneffc like a pith in the heart or middle of thebranchcs, 
 which are diuided many wayes, and whereon are fetat feuerall diftances, diuers win- 
 ged leaues, compoled of many fmall round pointed, or rather flat pointed leaues,one 
 fetagainft another, like vnto Licoris,or the Hatchet Fitch ; among thefe leaues come 
 forth the flowers, in fafhioii like vnto Broome flowers, and as large, of a very yellow 
 colour : after which appeare cleare thinne fwelling cods like vnto thinne transparent 
 bladders, wherein are contained blacke feede, fet vpon a middle ribbe or finew in the 
 middle of the bladder, which if ic be a little crufhed betweene the fingers, will giue a 
 cracke, like as a bladder full of winde.The roote groweth branched and woody. 
 
 2. Colut&i Scorpioidcs mnior. The greater Scorpion podded Baftard Sena. 
 
 This Ballard Sena groweth nothing fo great or tall, butlhootethoutdiuerfly, like 
 vnto a (hrub, with many (hoots fpringing from the root :the branchesare greener, but 
 more rugged, hauing a white barke on the bed part of the elder growne branc lies ; 
 for theyoung aregreene, and haue fuch like winged leaues fet on them as are to be feen 
 in the former, but fmaller, greener, and more pointed : the flowers are yellow, but 
 much fmaller, falhiontd (omevvhat like vnto the former, with a reddifh ftripedowne 
 the backe of the vppermoft leafe: the long cods that follow are fmall, long and round, 
 diftinguilhed into many diuifions or dents, like vnto a Scorpions tay le, from whence 
 hath rifen the name : in thefe feuerall diuifions lye feuerall blacke feede, like vnto the 
 feede of Fenigrecke : the roote is white and long, but not fo woody as the former. 
 
 3 . Colutt.a Scorpioidcs minor. The lelfer Scorpion Baftard Sena. 
 
 This leffer Baftard Sena is in all things like the former, but fomewhat lower, and 
 fmaller both in leafe, flower, and cods of feede, which haue not fuch eminent bunches 
 on the cods to be feene as the former. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 They grow as Matthiolus faith about T rent in Italie,and in other places : 
 the former is frequent enough through all our Countrey, but the others 
 are more rare. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 They flower about the middle or end of May, and their feede isripein 
 Auguft. The bladders of the firft will abide agreat while on the tree, if 
 they be fuffered, and vntill the winde caufe them to rattle, and afterwards 
 the skins opening, the feed will fall away. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 riiiv» rb 
 
 The name Colutx* is impoled on them, and bytheiudgementof moft 
 writers, the firft is taken to bee that Colutxx of Liptra that T heophraftus raa- 
 keth mention of, in the feuenteenth chapter of his third booke. But I (hould 
 rather thinke that the scorpioidcs were the truer CoUt.cn of Theophraftus, 
 becaufethe long pods thereof aremoreproperly to bee accounted Jiliqust, 
 then the former which are veftc<e tumentes, windy bladders, and not filiqu* : 
 and no doubt but Theophraftus would haue giuen fome peculiar note of 
 difference if he had meant thofe bladders, and notthefe cods. Let others of 
 judgement be vmpeeres in this cafe ; although I know the currant ofwriters 
 fince Matthiolus, doe all hold the former CoUt.cn vefuaria to be the true Co- 
 Utxx cipnrx of Theophraftus. Wee call it in Englilh, Baftard Sena, from 
 Ruellius, who as I thinke firft called it Sena, from the forme of the leaues. 
 Thefecond and third (as I faid before) fromthe forme of the cods receiued 
 their names, as it is in the titles and deferiptions ; yet they may as properly 
 Recalled siliquoU, for that their fruite arc long cods* 
 
 The 
 
T he Cjar den of pleajant Flowers. 
 
 44 z 
 
 The Venues. 
 
 Theophraftus faith it doth wondeifully helpe to fatten (heepe : Butfure 
 it is found by experience, that if it be giuen to man it caufeth ftrong callings 
 both vpwards and downwards j andtherefore let euery one beware that 
 th?y vfc not this infteedc of good Sena, left they fcele to their coft the 
 force thereof. 
 
 Ch ap. CXII. 
 
 S furtum tftfptnicum frutex. Spanilh Broome. 
 
 A Lthough Clufius and others haue found diuers forts of this fhrubby Spartum 
 or Spaniih Broome, yet becaufe our Climate will nourfevp none of them, and 
 euen this very hardly, I (hall leaue all others, and delcribe vnto you thisone 
 only in this manner : SpanilhBroomegrowethtobeefiueorfixe footehigh, witha 
 woody (lemme below, couered with a darke gray, or a(h-coloured barke, and hauing 
 aboue many pliant, long and flender greene twigs, whereon in the beginning of the 
 yeare are fet many finall long greene leaues, which fall away quickly,not abiding long 
 on 5 towards the tops of thefe branches grow the flowers, famioned like vnto Broom 
 flowers, but larger, as yellow as they, and fmelling very well 5 after w hich come frnall 
 long cods, creftedat thcbacke, wherein is contained blackilh flat feede, faihioned 
 very like vnto the Kidney bcanes: the rootc is woody ,difperfing it felfe diuers waies. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 -v. 
 
 This groweth naturally in many places of France, S paine and Italic, wee 
 haue it as an ornament in our Gardens, among other delightfull plants, to 
 plcafethefenfesof fight and fmelling. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 It flowreth in the end of May, or beginning of Iune, and bearcth feede,' 
 which ripeneth not with vs vntill it be late. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 It is called Sptrtium Gr tarum , and Spirt urn frnltx, to diftinguifh it from 
 thcfedgeorrulh, that is fo called alfo. Of fome it is called Genifta, and 
 thoughtnotto differ from the other buttheyare muchdeceiuedj 
 
 for euen in Spaine and Italie.the ordinary Gani ft tor Broome groweth with 
 it, which is not pliant, and fit to binde Vines, or fuch like things withall 
 as this is. 
 
 TheVertues. 
 
 There is little vfe hereof inPhyficke,byreafonof the dangerous quali-' 
 tie of vomiting, which it doth procure to them that take it inwardly : but 
 being applyed outwatdly, it is found to helpe the Static*, or paine of the 
 hippes. 
 
 Chap.’ 
 
The Cjarden of plenfant Fionters, 
 
 I Ci'uteavMktrit. Ordinary baftird Sene. i FcriflocirtSia yirffliint. Virginian Sjlke. j C»luU i Sctrpmdtt Seorpionbalbrd 
 Sene. , Sptrtum HifttnicwH. Spanifli Bro»mc. } U^rum. I’nucc. 6 Suluu wrirjuta. Patty coloured Sage. 7 Mtimntturti, 
 Gsilded Mariercmca 
 
444 
 
 The Cjarden of flea) ant Hovers. 
 
 Chap. CXXIIII. 
 
 Periploca recta Pirgmitna. Virginian Silke. 
 
 L Eft this ftranger (hould finde no hofpitality with vs, being fo beautifull a plant, 
 or not finde place in this Garden, let him be here receiued , although with the 
 laft, rather then not at all. It rifethvp with one or more ftrong and round 
 ftalkes, three or foure foote high , whereon are fetat the feucrall ioynts thereof two 
 faire, long, and broad leaues , round pointed, with many veincs therein, growing 
 clofe totheftemme, without any foote-ftalke : at the tops of the ftalkes , andfome- 
 titnes at the ioynts of the leaues, groweth forth a great bulh of flowers out ofa 
 thinneskinne, to the number of twenty, andfometimes thirty or forty, eueryone 
 with a long foote-ftalke, hanging downe their heads for the moftpart, efpecially 
 thofe that are ourermoft, eueryone (landing within a fmall huske of greene leaues, 
 turned to the ftalkeward , like vnto the Lyfimachia flower of Virginia before dc- 
 feribed, and each of them confining of fiue finall leaues a peece, of a pale pur- 
 plilh colour on the vpperfide, a mof a p ileyellowifli purple vnderneath, both fides 
 of each leafe being as it *uc folded together, making them feeme hollow and 
 pointed, witha few (hort chiues in (he middle : after which come long and crooked 
 pointed cods (landing vpright , wherein arc contained flat brownifh feede, difper- 
 fedly lying within a great deale of fine, fofc, and whitilh brownefilke, very likevnro 
 the cods, (cede, and fi Ike of -Afclepias, or Swallow- wort, but that the cods are greater 
 and more crooked, and harder alfo in the outer fhell : thcroote is longand white, of 
 the bi gnelfe of a mans thumbe, running vnder ground very far , and lhootingwp in di- 
 uers places, the heads being fet full of fmall white grumes or knots , yeelding forth 
 many branches, if it ftand anytime in a place : the whole plant, as wellleaues as 
 ftalkes, being broken, yeeld a pale railke. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 Itcameto me from Virginia, where itgroweth aboundantly, being rai- 
 fed vp from the feede I receiued. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 It flowreth in Iuly, andthc feede is ripe in Auguft. 
 
 TheNames. 
 
 It may feeme very probable to many, that this plant is the fame that Pro- 
 fper Alpinus in the twenty fift Chapter of his Booke of Egyptian plants, 
 nameth 2 eidet/ar ; and Honorius Bellus in his third and fourth Epiftles vn- 
 to Clufius (which arc at the end of his Hiftory of plants) callerh OJ[ar fru- 
 tex : And Clufius himfelfe in the fame Booke calleth Apecyattm Syriacum, 
 PaUHioum, and JEgyptUcum , becaufe this agreeth with theirs in very many 
 and notable parts ; yet verily I thinke this plant is not the fame , but rather 
 another kinde of it felfe : Firft, becaufc it is not frutex, a fnrubar wooddy 
 plant, nor kcepeth his leaues all the yeare, but lofeth both leaues and ftalks 
 dying down to the ground euery yeare: Secondly, the milke is not caufticke 
 or violent, as Alpinus and Bellus lay OJfar is : Thirdly , the cods are more 
 crooked then thofe of Clufius, or of Alpinus, which Honorius Bellus ac- 
 knowledgeth to be right, although greater then thofe he had out of Egypt : 
 And laftly, the rootes of thefe doe runne, where of none of them make any 
 mention. Gerard in his rlerba!l giueth a rude figure of the plant , but a very 
 true figure of the cods with lecde , ind f m h the Virginians call ir wifauck, 
 and relerreth it to the ^Ajciepm , for thel ' "V "" -e cods fluffed with 
 
 filken 
 
T lx (jar den of pleat ant Flowers, 4 
 
 filken doune. But what reafon Cafpar Bauhims in his Piitx That'! " oU- 
 nici had, to call it (for it is Cludus his Apgcymsm Syriscum ) by the name of 
 Lttptthmn ^£oyytitc»m Lttcfans filiqut Ajclepitdis , I know" none in the 
 world : for but that he would (lievv an extrearae Angularity in giuhg names 
 to plants, contrary to all others (which is very frequent with him) how 
 could he thinke, that this plant could haue any hkenelfe or corr fponden- 
 cie, with any of the kindes of Dockes, that eucr he had feene, read , or heard 
 of, in face, orlhewofleaues, flowers, orfeede ; butefpecigliy in giumg 
 milke. I haue you fee (and that not without iuft and euident c.iu(e) gfu n ic 
 a differing Latme name from Gerard, becaufe the A/clepias giuci h no nulke 
 but the Perifloca or -Aptcymum doth ; and therefore fitter to be referred to 
 this then to that. And bccaufcitfbouldnot wantan Englilhnameaufwcra- 
 ble to fome peculiar property thereof , I haue from the filken doune called 
 it Virginian Silke : but I know there is another plant growing in Virginia 
 called Silke Grade, which is much differing from this. 
 
 The Vertues. 
 
 I know not of any in our Land hath made any tryall of the properties 
 hereof Captaine Iohn Smith in his bookeof the difcoucry and deferip- 
 tion of Virginia, faith, that the Virginians vfc the rootes hereof (if his be 
 the fame with this)being bruifed and appiyed to cure their hurts & difeafes. 
 
 Chap. CXXV. 
 
 Lignftr»m. Primme or Priuct. 
 
 B Ecaufc the vfe of this plant is fo much, and fo frequent throughoutall this Land 
 although for no other purpofe but to make hedges or arbours in Gardens , &cl 
 whereuntoitis foapt, that no other can be like vnto it, to bee cue, lead’ and 
 drawne into what forme one will, either of hearts, birds, or men armed, or otherwife: 
 I could not forget it, although it be fo well kno wne vnto all, to bean hedge bufh growl 
 ing from a woo Jdy white roote, fpreadingmuch within the ground,and bearing ma- 
 nie long, tough, and plyantfprigs and branches, whereon are fet long, narrow , and 
 pointed fad greene leaues by couples at euery ioynt ; at the tops whereof breake forth 
 great tufts of fwectcfmelling whiteflowers , which when they are fallen , turneinto 
 l'mail blackc berries, ha. eng a purple iuyee within them , and fmall feede, flat on the 
 one fide, with an hole or dent therein : this is feene in thofe branches that are not cut 
 but fuffered to beare out their flowers and fruit. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 Thisbufhgroweth as plentifully in the Woods of our owne Couutrcv, 
 as in any other beyond the Seas. s ' 
 
 The Time. 
 
 It flowreth fometimes in lune, and in Iuly ; the fruit is ripe in Auguft and 
 c September. 
 
 TheNames. 
 
 There is great controuerfie among the moderne Writers concerning this 
 plant, fome taking it to be of Diofcorides, other to be PhiUyru of Di- 
 
 ofcorides, which followeth next after Cyprus Pliniemaketh mention of 
 Cjfrm in two places ; in the one he faith , Cyprus hath the leafe of Ztuphus, 
 
44' 6 
 
 ''The (jar dm of pleafant Flowers. 
 
 or the Iuiube tree: in the other he faith, that certain do affirme.that the Cyprus 
 of thcEaft Country, and the Ligustrum of Italy is one and the fameplant: 
 whereby you may plainly fee,that our Priuet which is Ligufirum , cannot be 
 that Cyprus of Plinie with Iuiube leaues: Bcfides,both Diofcorides & Plinic 
 fay,that Cyprus is a tree ; but all know that Ligufirum, Priuet, is but an hedge 
 bu(h : Againe, Diofcorides faith, that the leauesofC^r*r giuea red colour, 
 but Priuet giueth none. BelloniusandProfper Alpinus haue both recor- 
 ded, that the true Cyprus of Diofcorides groweth plentifully in Egypt , Sy- 
 ria, and thofe Eafterne Countries , and nourfed vp alfo in Conftantinople, 
 and other parts of Greece, being a raerchandife of much worth, in that they 
 tranfport the leaues, and young branches dryed, which laid in water giue a 
 yellow colour , wherewith theTurkilh women colour the nsiles of their 
 hands, andfomeother parts of their bodies likewife, delighting much 
 therein : and that it is not our L‘g*(lrum , or Priuet, becaufc Cyprus beareth 
 round white feede,like Coriander feede , and the leaues abide greene al- 
 waies vpon the tree, which groweth (if it bee not cut or pruined)tothc 
 height of the Pomegranet trec.I haue (I confeffe) beyond the limits I fet for 
 this worke fpoken concerning our Priuet, becaufel haue had the feede of 
 the true Cyprus of Diofcorides fentmee, which was much differing from 
 our Priuet , 3nd although it fprang vp , yet would not abide any time, 
 whereas if ithadbeeneour Priuet, it would haue beene familiar enough 
 to our Countrey. 
 
 TheVcrtues. 
 
 Itisoffmall vfein phyficke, yet fome doe vfe the leaues in Lotions, that 
 ferue to coole and dry fluxes or fores in diuers parts. 
 
 Chap. CXXVI. 
 
 SaluU variegat a. Party coloured Sage. And 
 Mahranu verfictler fiuc taros. Yellow or golden Marierome. 
 
 V Nto all thefe flowers of beauty and rarity, I muff adioyne two other plants, 
 whofe beauty confifteth in their leaues , and not in their flowers : as alfo to fe- 
 parate them from the others of their tribe, to place them here in one Chapter, 
 before the fweete herbes that (hall follow, as is fitted to furnifh this our Garden of 
 pleafure. This kinde of Sage groweth with branches and leaues, very likctheordi- 
 nary Sage, butfomewhatfmaller, the chiefeft difference confifteth in the colour of 
 the leaues, being diuerfly marked and fpotted with white and red among the greene: 
 for vpon one branch you (hall haue the leaues feuerally marked one from another , as 
 the one halfe of the leafe white, and the other half e greene , with red (hadowed ouer 
 them both, or more whitethen greene, with fome red in it, either parted or (hadowed, 
 or da(ht here and there, or more greene then white, and red therein, eythcr in the mid- 
 dle or end of the leafe , or more or leffe parted or ftriped with white and red in the 
 greene, or elfe fometimes wholly greene the whole branch together, as nature lifteth 
 to play with fuch varieties : which manner of growing riling from one and the fame 
 plant, becaufe it is the more variable, is the more delightfull and much refpe&ed. 
 
 There is another fpeckled Sage parted with white and greene , but it is nothing of 
 that beauty to this, becaufe this hath three colours euidently to bee difeerned in euery 
 leafe alraoft, the red adding a fuperaboundantgrace to the reft. 
 
 M list aunt fiuc vcrficelor. Yellow orgolden Marierome. 
 
 This kinde of Marierome belongeth to that fort is called in IxasutUnmau latifa- 
 
 H*. 
 
/ be ijardm of plea/ant Flowers. 
 
 lit, which Label fettcth forth for Hyffopus Frnommgenuint: InEnglifh Winter~Mar 
 lerome , or pot Maricrome : for it hath broader and greater leaues then thefweete 
 Maricrome, and a different vmbcfl or tuft of flowers. The difference of this from that 
 fct forth m the Kitchm, Garden, confiftcth chiefly in the leaues, which are in Summe r 
 wholly yello w in fomeyor but a little greene, or parted with yellow and .wen c more 
 or lefle,as nature hfteth to play : but in Winter they are of a darke or dead greeneco- 
 lour,yet recouenng it rdfeagaine : the fent hereofis all one with the pot Maricrome 
 Weehaueanother parted with white and greene, much after the manner with the 
 former. 
 
 w 
 
 The Place, T ime, Names, and Vertues of both rhefeplants fball be de- 
 clared wherethe others of their kindes are fpecified hereafter and in the 
 
 Kitchen Garden 5 forthey differ notin properties.; ’ ' ,e 
 
 Chap. CXXV1I. 
 
 .HIV ] . : 
 
 LtucnduU. Lauender Spike. 
 
 A Ftcr all thefefaire and fweete flowers before fpecified, I muff needes addea 
 few fweete hcrbes,both to accomplifh this Garden, and to pleafe your fenfes 
 by placing them in your Nofegayes, or elfe where, as you lift. And although I 
 bring them in the end or laft place, yet arc they not of the leaft account. ° 
 
 i. LtucnduUmtitr. Garden Lauender. 
 
 Ourordinary Garden Lauender rifethvp with a hard weoddy ftemmeaboue the 
 ground, parted into many fmalt branches, whereon are fct whitifh, long, and narrow 
 leaues, by couples one againft another; from among.which rifeth vp naked fquare 
 ftalkes, with two leaues at a ioy nt,and at the toppe diu'ers fmall huskes (landing round 
 about them, forraedin long and round heads or fpikes; with purplegaping flowers 
 fpringing out of each of them : therooteis wooddy, andfpreadethintheground: 
 The whole plant is of a ftrong fweete fent , but the heads of flowers much more and 
 more piercing the fenfes, which are much vfed to bee put among linnen and ap- 
 parrell. 1 
 
 There is a kinde hereof that beareth white flowers, and fome what broader leaues 
 but it is very rare , and feene but in few places with vs, becaufeit is more tender and’ 
 will not fo well endure our cold Winters. 
 
 2. LtucnduU minor fen Spict. Small Lauender or Spike. 
 
 The Spike or fmall Lauender is very like vnto the former, but groweth not fo high 
 neither is the head or fpike fo great and long, but (hortcr and fmaller , and of a more 
 purplifh colour in the flower : the leaues alfo are a little harder, whiter, andfhorter 
 then the former ; the fent alfo is fomevvhat (harper and ftronger. This is not fo fre- 
 quent asthefirft,and is nourifhed butinforae places that are warme and where they 
 delight in rare herbes and plants. 5 1 
 
 The Place. 
 
 Lauender groweth in Spaine abonndantly, in many places fo wilde 
 and little regardcd,that many haue gone, and abiden there to diftill the oyle 
 thereof whereof great quantity now commeth ouer from thence vnto vs: 
 and alfo in Lanquedocke, and Prouence in France. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 It flowreth early ir.thofe hot Countries, butwithvs notvntilllune and 
 My. P P 2 Thc 
 
448 
 
 The Cjardenof pleajant timers. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 It is called of fom e Ntr das Italics , and LautndnU , the greater is called 
 f,f?K/» 4 ,and thclefTer Mo*. We doe call them generally Lauender, orLa- 
 uender Spike,andthe lefler Spike, without any other addition. 
 
 TheVertues. 
 
 Lauendet is little vfed in inward phyficke', but outwardly ; the oyle for 
 cold and benummed parts, and is altnoft wholly fpent with vs , Tor to per- 
 fumelinnen, apparrell, gloues, leather, &c.and the dryed flowers to com- 
 fort and dry vp the moifture of a cold braine. 
 
 Chap. CXXVIII. 
 
 Stuck**. Sticadoue, Caffidony, or French Lauender. 
 
 C H Affid any that groweth in the Gardens of our Countrey, may peraduenture 
 t fomewhat differ in colour, as well as in ftrength, fromthatwhich growetH ia 
 A hotter Countries ; but as it is with vs , it is more tender a great deale then La- 
 uender, and groweth rather like an herbc then abufhor flirub , not aboue a foote and a 
 halfehigh, or thereabouts, hauing many narrow long greene leaues like Lauender, but 
 fofterandlhialler, fetat feuerall diftances together abouttheftalkes, which fpread 
 abroad into branches : at the tops whereof ftand long and round, and fometimes foure 
 fquare heads, of a darke greeriim purple colour, compadl of many fcales fet together ; 
 from among which conte forth the flowers , of a blewilh purple colour , after which 
 follow feede veffels , which are fomewhat vvhirifli when they are ripe, containing 
 blackifh brownefeede within them : the roote is fomewhat wooddy, and will hardly 
 abide the in iu ries of our cold Wi nters, except in fome places onely , or before it hauc 
 flowred : The whole plant is fomewhat fweetc,but nothing fo much as Lauender. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 Caffidony groweth in the Iflands Statchadcs, which are ouer againft Mar- 
 felles, and in Arabia alfo : we keep it with great care in our Gardens. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 It flo wreth the next yeare after it is fowne, inthe end of May , which is 
 a moneth before any Lauender. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 It is called of fome LsmtndkU filnc/lru,but moll vfually SUchar.in Englilh, 
 of fome Stickadoue, or French Lauender; and in many parts of England, 
 Caffidony. 
 
 The Vertues. 
 
 It isofmuchmorevfeinphyfickethen Lauender, and is much vfed for 
 old paines in the head.lt is alfo held to be good for to open obftru<5Hons,to 
 expell melancholy , to cleanfc and ftrengthen the liuer, and other inward 
 parts, and to be a Pcdtorall alfo. 
 
 -V'T. 
 
 Chap. 
 
T be (far den of pleafant Flowers, 
 
 44 9 
 
 Chap. CXXIX. 
 
 Al>rtttnumf*minn fine S*nt dint. Lauendcr Cottdfi. 
 
 T His Lauendcr Cotton hath many wooddy, but brittle branches, hoary or of a 
 whitilh colour, whereon are fet many leaues, which are little, long, and foure 
 fquare, dented or notched on alledgc-s,andwhiti(halfo:at thetopsof thefe 
 branches (land naked ftalkes , bearing on eucry one of thcmalarger yellow head or 
 flower, then eyther Tanlie or Maudeline, whercunto they arefomewhat like wherein 
 is contained fmalldarke coloured feede : therootc is hard, and fpreadech abroad 
 with many fibres : the whole plant is ofa ftrong fweete fent, but not vnpleafant , and 
 is in many places planted in Gardens, to border knots with, for which it will abide to 
 be cut into what forme you thinke bed ; for ir groweth thicke and bulhy , very fit for 
 fuchworkes, befides the comely fliew the plant itfelfe thus wrought dothyeeld, 
 being al wayes greene, and of a f.vcct fent but bccaafe it quickly groweth great , and 
 will form runne out of forme, icmufl: be cuery lecond or third veare taken vp.and new 
 planted. 
 
 ' : . The place. 
 
 It is onely planted in Gardens with vs, for the vfes aforefaid efpecially. 
 The Time. 
 
 Itflowrethinluly , and ftandeth long in the hot time oftheyeareinhis 
 colour, and fo will doe, if it be gathered before.it haue flood ouer long. 
 
 ThcNamcs. , , 
 
 •* ; t* ■ 1 J 1 
 
 DiuersdoecallitasMatthiolus doth, Abrednum ftmina, and Santtlmu - 
 and fome call it chumuejptrijfut, becaufe the leaues thereof, are fomewhat 
 like the leaues of the Cypreffc tree: Wee call it in Englilh generally Lauen- 
 der Cotton. 
 
 ThcVertues. 
 
 Ocimum. Baflilh 
 
 B Aflill is of two forts (befides other kindes) for this our Garden,thc one Whereof 
 is greater, the other lefle in cncry part thereof, as fliall be Ihe wed. 
 
 x . Ocimum Cit rutam. Common Baflill. „ 
 
 " • ' ft . 
 
 Our ordinary Garden Baflill hath one ftalke rifing from the root, diuerfly branched 
 out, whereon are fet two leaues alwayes at a ioynt, which are broad, fomewhat round, 
 and pointed, of a pale greene colour, but frefh, a little fnipt or dented about the edges, 
 and ofa ftrong or heady fent, foraewh^jike a Pomecitron, as many haue compared 
 it, and thereof call it Citntum : the flowersare fmall and white, (landing at the tops of 
 the branches, with two final leaues at euery ioy nt vnder them,in fome plants green pns **- — — 
 
 P p 3 thers 
 
) The garden of plea) ant flowers. 
 
 thevsbrowncvnderthem : after which commeth blackifh feede : therooreptriftierh 
 at the fit ft approach of winter weather, and is to be new fo wen enery yeare. 
 
 i. Ocimum minimum fine GuriofhyHutum. Bulb Bafill. 
 
 Thcbufb Bafill groweth not altogether fohigh, but is thicker fpreade out irfro 
 branches, whereon grow ftmllcr Icaues, and thicker let then thctomu.r,bui ol .amote 
 excellent and pleafantfmellbymuch : the dowers are white like the former,, and the 
 feede blacke alfo like it, and perilheth as fuddenly, or rather looncr then it, fo thatit 
 requireth more paincs to get it, and more care to nourfe it, becaule we feldomeor nc- 
 uer haue any feede of it. 
 
 Ocimum Inultum. Indian Bafill. 
 
 The Indian Bafill bath afquare reddiib grecne ftalke, a footehigh orbetter.from 
 the ioynts whereof fpreade out many branches, with broadefat leaues fet thereon, 
 two alwayes together at the ioynt,one againft another, as other Bafils haue, but forne- 
 what deepely cut in on the cdges,and oftentimes a little crumpled, (landing vpon long 
 reddiflr footeftalkes, of a datke purple colour, fpotted with deeper purple (pots, in 
 fome greater, in others Idler: the flowers (land at the tops of the (hikes fpike-fafhion, 
 which arc of a white colour, with redd idi ftripesand veincs running through them, fee 
 or placed in darkc put pie coloured huskes : the feede is greater and rounder then the 
 former,and fomewhat long withall : the roote perifheth in like manner as theother 
 former doe. The whole plant fmelleth ftrong, like vnto the other Bafils. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 The t«ro laft forts of Bafils are greater ftrangers in our Counrry then the 
 firft which is frequent, and only fowenand planted in curious gardens.The 
 laft came firft out of the Weft Indies. 
 
 TheTime. 
 
 They all flower in Auguft,orIuly atthcfooncft,and thatbutby degrees, 
 and not all at once. 
 
 The Names, 
 
 The firft is vfually called Ocimum vulgtre, or vulgttiut, and Ocimum Citru • 
 /•«.InEnglifli, Common or Garden Bafill. The other is called Ocimum 
 minimum, or Gtritphy/Utum, Cloue Bafill, or Bu(h Bafill. Thelafteyther of 
 his place, or forme of his leaues, being fpotted and curled, or all, is called 
 Ocimumlndicum micvLlumJatifo/ium & crrfpum.ln Englifh according to the 
 Latine, Indian Bafill, broade leafed Bafill, (potted or curled Bafill, which 
 youpleafe. 
 
 ThcVertues. ,, 
 
 The ordinary Bafill is in a manner wholly fpent te make fweet, or wafhlng 
 waters, among other fweet herbes, yet fometimts it is put into nofegayes. 
 The Phyficall properties are, to procure a cheerefull and merry heart, wher- 
 vnto the feede is chiefly vied inpouder, &c. and is mod vfed to that, and 
 tonootherpurpofe. 
 
 
 Caih. 
 
i Stuttlinx. Ltaendcr Cotton, a La^f^/c.LaucnclecSpilct. $ Sttacbas. CaflUon*. 4 (.humdrjt. Ocnasndcr- f ' Ocimum minus; 
 fmeBal Bii. $ «Mir##. HcrbcMaftickc. 7 A&iwM.- Swccte Maricroinc. 
 
 ‘The Uaraen 01 p ce a/ ani fr/oTters. 
 
45 * 
 
 ‘"T be (jar den of pleafant t lowers. 
 
 Chap. CXXXI. 
 
 Mtitrina. Sweete Marierome. 
 
 W Eehauc many forts of Marierome ; fome that arc fweete, and but Sum- 
 mer plants ; others that arc greater and not fo fweet ; and fome alio that 
 arewilde. Of all thefe I will onely feletft fome of the choifeft that are 
 fit for this place, and leaue the other for the next garden, and the garden of iimples,or 
 a ®enerall worke : yet hereunto I will adioyneanother fweete plant called Mafticke, 
 as participating neerer with them then with Time, whercunto many doe referre it. 
 
 i . M nior an t maior tBiua. Common fweet Marierome. 
 
 The fweet Marierome that is molt frequently fowen in our Country, is a low herbc 
 little aboue a foote high when it is at the higheft, full of branches, and fmall whitifh 
 foft roundifh leaues, fmelling very fweet : at the toppes of the branches Hand diuers 
 fmall fcaly heads,likevnto knots, (and therefore of fome called knotted Marierome) 
 of a whitifh ®reene colour, out of which come here and there fmall white flowers, and 
 afterwards fmall reddilh feede : thcroote is compofedof many fmall threds or firings, 
 which perifh with the whole plant euery yeare. 
 
 2 . Maior an a tenuiftlit. Marierome gentle. 
 
 This Marierome hath likewife diuers fmall branches, growing low, and not higher 
 then the former, but hauing finer and fmaller leaues, hoary and foft, but much fweeter: 
 the heads are like vnto the former, and fo are the flowers and feede, andthewholc 
 plant abiding but a Summer in the like manner. 
 
 3 . Marum. Herbe Maftickc. 
 
 The neerer refcmblance that this herbe hath with Marierome then withTyme (as 
 I faid before) hath made me place it next vnto the fmall fweet Marierome. It rifeth vp 
 with a greater, and a more woody ftalke then Marierome, two foote high or better in 
 fome places, where it liketh the ground and ayre, branching out on all fides towards 
 the vpper part, leaning the ftemme bare below, if it bee old, otherwifebeingyoung, 
 thinly furnifhing the branches from thebottome with fmall greenc leaues, biggerthen 
 the leaues of any Tymc, and comming neere vnto the bignefle and forme of the laft 
 recited finer Marierome, but of a greener colour : at the toppes of the branches (land 
 fmall white flowers on a head, which afterwards turne into a loofe tuft of a long white 
 hoary matter, like vnto foft doune, with fome leaues vnderneath and about it, which 
 abide not long on the ftalkes, but are blowne away with the winde : the feede islo 
 fmall if it hauc any, that I haue not obferued it : the roote is threddy : the whole plant 
 is of a fweete refinous fent, ftronger then the Marierome, and abideth our winters, if 
 it be carefully planted andregarded. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 The fweete Marieromes grow naturally in hot Countreyes : thefirftin 
 Spainc&c.thefecondisthoughttocomeoutof Syria, or Pcrfiafirftinto 
 Italie, where they much efteeme it, and plant it curioufly and carefully in 
 pots, and fet them in their windowes, beeing much delighted therewith for 
 the fweet fent it hath. The firft is vfually fowen euery yeare in mod gardens 
 with vs : but the fecond is very rare and daintie,and rauft as daintely be pre- 
 ferued,beingmoretenderthentheformer. Theherbe Mafticke is thought 
 to be firft brought out of Candie, Clufius faith he found it in Spaine : Itis 
 planted by flippes, (and not fowen) in many gardens, and is much replanted 
 
The Time. 
 
 The fivcete Mar ieromes beare their knots or fcaly heads in the end oflu- 
 ofluly ' L1 ^ U ^' ^ cr ^ e Mafticke in Iunc many times, or in the beginning 
 
 The Names. 
 
 The firft ofthe two fweet Marieromes called Maioranai n Latine a maiore 
 curses taken of mod writers to be the Amaracus or Sampfuchum ofDiofco- 
 rides Theophraftusar.d Plinie, although Galen doth fecmalittleto dilTenc 
 therefrom. The other fweet Marierome hath his name in his title as much 
 as can be faid of lt.The next is thought by the beft ofthe moderne Writers 
 to be the true Marum that Galen preferrerh for the excellent fweetneffe be- 
 fore the former Marierome in making the Oleum fsxvngucntum Amaricinum 
 and feemeth to incline to their opinion that thought Amaracus was deriued 
 from Marum. It is the fame alfo that Galen and others of the ancient Wri- 
 ters make mention of, to go into the compofition of the Trochifci Hedychroi 
 as well as Amaracus among the ingredients ofthe Therm* Andrcmachi In 
 Englifh we call it Mafticke limply, or Herbe Maffick, both to diftinguifh it 
 from that Tyme that is called Mafticke Tyme, and from the Mafticke 
 Tree, or Gum, fo called. Some of later times, and Clufius with them haue 
 thought this to be Diofcorides his 7 ragoriganum. which doth fomewhar re- 
 fembleit : but there is another plantthat Matthiolus fetteth forth for Ma- 
 rum, that in Lobels opinion and mine is the trueft Trago, wamm, and this 
 the trueft Marum. a & 
 
 The Vertues. 
 
 The fweete Marieromes are not onely much vfed to pleafe the outward 
 
 femes in nofegayes, and in the windowes of houfes, as alfo in fweete pou- 
 ders fweete bags, andfweete walhing waters, but are alfo of much vfein 
 1 nyficke, both to comfort the outward members, or parts of the body,and 
 the inward alfo : to prouoke vrine being flopped, and to cafe the paines 
 thereof and tocaufe the feminine courfes. Herbe Mafticke.is of greater 
 force to helpe the flopping of vrine, then the Marierome, and is put into 
 Antidotes, as a remedie againft thepoyfon of venemous Beafts. 
 
 Chap. CXXXI. 
 
 Thymum. Tyme. 
 
 T Here are many klndes of Tyme, as they are vfually called with vs , fome are 
 called of the garden , and others wilde, which yetfor their fweetneffe are 
 brought into gardens, as Muske Tyme, and Lemon Tyme j and fome for their 
 beauty, as embroidered or gold yellowTyme, and white Tyme. Butthetrue Tyme 
 ofthe ancient Writers, ailed Capitatum, asafpeciall note of diftindtion from alio- 
 thcr kindes of Tyme, is very rare to be feene with vs here in England, by reafon of the 
 tcndcrnefTe, that it will not abide our Winters. And all the other forts that with vs 
 arecalled garden Tymes, are indeede but kindes of wilde Tyme, although in thede- 
 
 fe& or want of the true Tyme, they are vfed in the dead of it. With the Tymes I muff 
 doe as I did with the Marieromes in the Chapter before, that is, referue the moft com- 
 mon in vfe, for the common vfe of the Kitchen, and fhew you only thole herc,that are 
 not put to that vfe ; and firft withthctrucTyine,becaufeicisknownebuttoa few. 
 
 1, Thymum 
 
c l be Garden of p lea) ant Flowers. 
 
 1 . Thymum legitimum capitatum. The true Tyme. 
 
 The true Tyme is a very tender plant, hauing hard and hoary brittle branches, 
 fpreading from a fmall wooddy ftemme, about a foote and a halfe high , whereon are 
 fetat ieuerall ioynts, and by fpaces, many fmall, long, whitiih,or hoary greene lcaues, 
 of a quicke fent and taftc : at the tops of the branches (land fmall long w'nitifh greene 
 heads, fomewhat Iikevntotheheadsof»a?n&<«, madeas it were of many leauesor 
 feales, out of which (fart forth fmall purplilh Bowers (and in fome white, as Bellonius 
 faith) after which commeth fmall feede , that foone fallcth out , and if it be not care- 
 fully gathered, is foone loft, which made (I thinke)Theophraftus to write, that this 
 Tyme was to be fowne of the flowers, as not hauing any other feede : the root is fmall 
 and wooddy. This holdeth not his leaues in Winter , no not about Seuill in Spaine, 
 where it groweth aboundantly, as Cluflus recordeth, findingnt there naked or fpoiled 
 of leaues. And will not abide our Winters, bat perifheth wholly, roote and all. 
 
 a. Serpillum hortenfe ftue maim. Garden wilde T yme. 
 
 The wilde Tyme that is cheriihed in gardens groweth vpright,but yet is lo we, with 
 diuers flender branches, and fmall round greene leaues, fomewhat like vnto fmall fin* 
 Marierome, and fmelling fomewhat like vnto it : the flowers growe in roundels at the 
 toppes of the branches, of a purplilh colour : And in another of this kinde they are 
 of a pure white colour. 
 
 There is another alfo like hereunto , th3t fmelleth fomewhat like vnto Muske ; and 
 therefore called Muske Tyme, whofegreene leauesarenot fo fmall as the former, 
 but larger and longer. 
 
 3. Serpillum Citratum. Lemon Tyme. 
 
 The wilde Tyme that fmelleth like vnto a Pomecitron or Lemon, hath many weakc 
 branches tray ling on the ground, like vnto the firft deferibed wilde Tyme, with fmall 
 darke greene leaues, thinly or fparfedly fet on them , and fmelling like vnto a Lemon, 
 with whitifli flowers at thejtoppes in roundels or fpikes. 
 
 4. Serpillum aureum Jiue verfueltr. Guildcd or embroidered Tyme. 
 
 This kinde of wilde Tyme hath fmall hard branches lying or leaning to the ground, 
 with fmall party coloured leaues vpon them, diuided into ftripes or edges , of a gold 
 yellow colour, the reft of the leafe abiding greene, which for the variable mixture or 
 placing of the yellow, hath caufed it to be called embroidered or guildcd Tyme. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 The firft groweth as is faid before, about Seuill in Spaine , in very great 
 aboundance as Clufiusfaithj and as Bellonius faith, very plentifully on the 
 mountaines through all Greece, The others growe fome in this Country, 
 and fome in others : but wee preferue them with all the care wee can in our 
 gardens, for the fweete and pleafant fents and varieties they yeeld. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 The firft flowreth not vntill Auguftjthe reft in Iune and Iuly. 
 
 TheNames. 
 
 Their names are feuerally fetdownein their titles, as is fuffifient to 
 diftinguifhthem ; and therefore I lhallnot neede to trouble you any fur- 
 ther with them. 
 
 The 
 
I be (garden of plea) ant Flowers* 
 
 4-55 
 
 TheVertues. 
 
 The true Tyme is a fpeciall helpe to melancholicke andfplenetickedif- 
 eafes.as alfo to flatulent humours, either in the vpperor lower parts of the 
 
 body. The oyle that is Chimicallydrawne our of ordinary Tyme, is vfed 
 
 (as the whole herbe is , in the (lead of the true) in pils for the head and do- 
 mach. It is alfo much vfed for the toothach, as many other fuch like hot 
 oyles arc. 
 
 Chap. CXXXII. 
 Hyjftput. Hyffope. 
 
 T Hereare many varieties of Hyflope, befide the common or ordinary , which 
 I referue for the Kitchen garden, and intend onelyin this place togiueyou 
 the knowledge of fome more rare -.viz., of fuch as are nourfed vp by thofe 
 that are curious, and fit for this garden : for there are fome other, that mud be remem- 
 bred in the Phyficke garden, or garden of Simples, or clfein a generali worke. 
 
 i . folys niutu. White Hyflope. 
 
 This white Hyffope is of the fame kinde and finell with the common Hyflope • but 
 differeth, in that this many times hath diuers leaues , that are wholly of a white co- 
 lour, with part of the ftalkc alfo : others are parted, the one halfe white,the other halfe 
 greene, and fome are wholly greene, or with fome fpots or ftripdi of white within the 
 greene, which makes it delightfullto mod Gentlewomen. 
 
 a . HyJfofM felys cinereu. R uflet Hyflope. 
 
 Asthe lad hath party coloured leaues, whiteand greene, fothishath his leaues of 
 an alh-colour, which of fome is called ruffet ; and hath no other difference either in 
 forme or fraell. 
 
 3. Hyjfopus tureus. Yellow or golden Hyflope. 
 
 All the leaues of this Hyflope are wholly yellow, or but a little greene in them and 
 are of fo pleafant acolour, efpecially in Summer, that they prouoke many Gentlewo- 
 men to weare them in their heads, and on their armes , with as much delight as many- 
 fine flowers can giue : but in Winter their beautifull colour is much decayed, bein® of 
 a whitilh greene, yet recouer themfelues againe the next Summer. 
 
 4. Hyjfopns furculU denfis. Double Hyflope. 
 
 As this kinde of Hyflope groweth lower then the former or ordinary kinde fo it 
 
 hath more branches, flenderer, and not fo wooddy, leaning fomewhat downe toward 
 the ground, fo wonderfully thicke fet with leaues, that are like vnto the other, but of a 
 darker greene colour, and fomewhat thicker withall, that it is the onely fine fweete 
 herbe , that I know fitted (if any be minded to plant herbes) to fet or border a knot of 
 herbes or flowers, becaufe it will well abide, and not gro we too wooddy or great, nor 
 be thinne of leaues in one part, when it is thicke in another, fo that it may be kept with 
 cutting as fmooth and plaine as arable. If it be fuffered to growe vp of it felfealone, 
 it rifeth with leaues as before is fpecified, and flo wreth as the common doth , and of 
 the famefent alfo, not differing in any thing, but in the thickneffc of the leaues on the 
 ftalkes and branches,and the aptneffe to be ordered as the keeper pleafeth. 
 
 J . Cb*m<edrjs 
 
c / be (jar den of pleajant Flown. 
 
 45 6 
 
 chiMidrys. Germander. 
 
 Left Germander ihould be vtterly forgotten, as not worthy of our Garden, feeing 
 many (as 1 faid in my treatife or introdu&ion to this Garden) doe boi der knots there- 
 with : let me at the lead giue it a place, although the laft, being more vied as a ftrewing 
 herbe for the houfe, then for any other vfe. It is (I thinke) fumciently knownetohaue 
 many branches,with fraall and fomewhat round endented leaues on them, and pur pliih 
 gaping flowers : the rootes fpreading far abroad, and riling vp againc in many places. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 Thefe HylTopeshaue beene mod of them nourfed vp of long time in our 
 Engliih Gardens, but from whence their firft originali ihould be, is not well 
 knowne. The Germander alfo is onely in Gardens, and not wilde. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 They flower in lane and Iuly. 
 
 TheNames. 
 
 The feuerall names whereby they are knowneto vs, are fet forth in their 
 titles ; and therefore I neede not here fay more of them then onely this, that 
 neyther they here fet downe, nor the common or ordinary fort , nor any of 
 the reft not here exprefled, are any of them the true Hy (Tope of the ancient 
 Grcekc Writers, but fupptfititU, vfed in the ftead thercof.The Germander, 
 from the forme of the leaues like vnto fmall oaken leaues, had the name Cht- 
 mxdrjs giuen it, which fignifieth a d warfe Oakc. 
 
 The Vertues. 
 
 The common HyiTope is much vfed in all peftorall medicines, to cut 
 fleagme,and to caufe it eafily to be auoided. It is vfed of many people in 
 the Country, to be laid vnto cuts or freih wounds, being bruifed , andap- 
 plyed cythcr alone, or with a little Sugar. It is much vfed as afwect herbe, 
 to be in the windowes of an houfe. I finde it much commended againft the 
 Falling Sickneflfe , efpecially being made into Pils afterrhis manner : Of 
 HyiTope, Horhound, and Caft or, of each halfca dramme,of Peony rootes 
 (themalekindeisonelyfittobcvfedforthispurpofe)twodrams, of AJpi 
 fetid* one fcruple : Let them be beaten, and made into pils with the iuyee 
 of HyiTope ; which being taken forfeuendayes together at night going to 
 bed, is held to be efFe&ualto giue much eafe,it not thoroughly to cure thofc 
 that arc troubled with that difeaie. The vfe of Germander ordinarily is as 
 Tyme,Hyfrope,andotherfuchhcrbcs, to border a knot , whereuntoitis 
 often appropriate, and the rather, that it might be cut to ferue (as I faid ) for 
 a ftrewing herbe for the houfe among others. Forthe phyficall vfe itfer- 
 ueth in difeafes of the fplenc, and the flopping of vriae,and to procure wo* 
 mens courfes. 
 
 Thus haue I led you through all my Garden of Pleafure, and (hewed you all the va- 
 rieties of nature nourfed therein, pointing vnto them , and deferibing them one after 
 another. And now laftly (accordingto the vfe of our old ancient Fathers) I bring 
 youtoreftontheGrafle, which yet (hall not be without iomc delight, and that not 
 the leaftofall the reft. 
 
 Chap, 
 
i i St'p'illum MjiMiarrta/i.GarccnwildcTyisc. 5 ScrpiUum CitrctumXcmonTymc. 4 Hyjjsput 
 
 * V',. S.,Au,;ui Golden Hyffopc. 5 chavtdrj!. Germander. C Sp*r!*m Anguium fut Graiaen plumarum minm. The Iclkr fca- 
 th«GrX 7 vtl /**«**• Paimtd Graffr or tidrcs Lice* 
 
7 be (far den of plea) ant Flowers, 
 
 
 Chai. CXXXIII. 
 
 Gramina. Grades. 
 
 T Hereareamong an infinite number (as I may fo fay) of Graffes, a fewonely 
 which I thinke fit to be planted in this Garden , both for the rarity of them, 
 and alfo for your delight, and the excellent beauty that is in them aboue ma- 
 ny other plants. One of them hath long agoe bin refpedled,and chcrifned in the coun- 
 try gardens of many Gentlewomen, and othcrs.Thc others are knownc but vnto a few. 
 
 i. Granen firiatum. Painted GrafTe or Ladies laces. 
 
 This kinde of GrafTe hath many ftiffe, hard, round ftalkes, full of ioynts , whereon 
 are fet at euery ioynt one long leafe, fomewhat broad at the bottome , where it com- 
 paffeth the flalke, and fmaller to the end, where it is fharpe pointed, hard or rough in 
 handling, and ftriped all the length of the leafe with white ftreakes or lines , that they 
 feerae parry coloured laces of white and greene: the tops of the ftalkes arefurnifhed 
 with long fpikic rufcs,likc vnto the tufts of Couch GrafTe : the rootes arc fmall, white 
 and threddy, like the rootes of other Graffes. 
 
 a. Gramen Plumarium minus. The leffer Fcath er- G raffe. 
 
 This 1 effer Feather-Graffc hath many fmall, round, and very long leaues or blades, 
 growing in tufts, much finer and fmaller then any other Grade that I know , being al- 
 moftlike vnto haires, and of a frefh greene colour in Summer, but changing into gray, 
 like old hay in Winter, being indeede all dead , and neuer reuiuing ; yet hardly to be 
 plucked away vntill the Spring,and then other greene leaues or rufhes rife vp by them, 
 and in their ftcad, and are aboue a foote in length: from the middle of thefe tufts come 
 forth rounder and bigger rufhes, which are the ftalkes, and which haue a chaffie round 
 earc about the middle thereof, which when it is full growne, is fomewhat higher then 
 the toppes of the leaues or rufhes, opening ic felfe (being before clofe) at the top , and 
 fhewing forth three or foure long ay les or beards, one aboue another, which bend 
 themfelues a little downewards (if they (land ouer long before they are gathered, and 
 will fall off, and be blowneaway with thewinde) being fo finely feathered on both 
 fides, all the length ofthe beard, and of a pale or grayifh colour, that no feather in the 
 taile ofthe Bird of Paradifc can be finer, or to be compared with them, hauing flicking 
 at the end of euery one of them, within the eare, a fmall, long, whitifh, round, hard 
 and very flnrpe pointed graine, like vnto an oaten graine, that part ofthe flalke of the 
 feather that is next vnder it, and aboue the feede for fome two orthree inches, being 
 ftiffe and hard, and twining or curling it felfe, if it be fuffered to (land too long’, or to 
 fall away , otherwife being ftraight as the feather it felfe :thc roote is compoYed of 
 many long, hard, fmall threddy firings, which runne deepcand far, and willnot wil- 
 lingly be remoued, in that it gaineth ftrength euery yeare by Handing. 
 
 3. Gramen Plumarium mains. The greater Feather-Graffe. 
 
 The greater Feather- GrafTe is like vnto the leffer, but that both the leaues and the 
 feathers are greater, and nothing fo fine, groffer alfo, and of leffe beauty and rcfpetf 
 though whiter then it } and therefore is not fo much regarded : for I haue knowne that 
 many Gentlewomen hauevfcd the former leffer kinde, being tycd in tufts, to fet them 
 in (lead of feathers about their beds, where they haue lyen after childe-bearing, and at 
 other times alfo,when as they haue been much admired of the Ladies and Gentles that 
 haue come to vide them. 
 
 The Place. 
 
 The firft of thefe Graffes,as Lobcl faith, groweth naturally in the woods 
 and hils of Sauoy. It hath long agoe bccnc receiued into our Englilh gar- 
 dens. 
 
T be (far den of plea/ant Flowers. ^ 
 
 dens. The fecond,as Cludus faith, in Auftria, from whence alfo (as I take 
 it) the greater came , and are both in the gardens of thofe, that are curious 
 obferuersof thefe delights. 
 
 The Time. 
 
 The firft is in its pride for the leaues all the Spring and Summer, yeel- 
 ding his bufh in Iune. The other giue their feather-like fprigs in Iuly and 
 Auguft, and quickly (as I faid) are Hied, if they be not carefully gathered. 
 
 The Names. 
 
 Thefirft is called by Lobel Gramm fukatum, or piatum alium ; of others 
 Gramen pittum. The French call it ^igurilettes d’ armes, of the fafhion that 
 their Enfignes, Pennons , or Streamers vfed in wars were of, that is like 
 vnto a party coloured curtainc. In Englilh vfually Ladies laces , and Pain- 
 ted GralTe. The firft of the other two is called Gramen plumarium or plumt- 
 fnm, and minus is added for the diftinftion of it. Clufius calleth it Spartum 
 i^fuftriacum, of the likeneffe and place where he found it. The laft is called 
 Gramen plumarium, or plumtfum maius. The greater Fcather-GrafTe. 
 
 TheVcrtues. 
 
 Thefe kindes of Graffes are not in any timeor Diace thatldochearcof 
 applyed toany Phylicallvfe 5 and thereforeof them I will fay no more: 
 but here! will end the prime part of this worke. 
 
 Qq» 
 
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4 6i 
 
 THE ORDERING 
 
 OF THE KITCHEN 
 
 GARDEN. 
 
 Chap. t. 
 
 The fituation of a Kjtchen Garden, or Garden of Herbes, and Hihaf fort of 
 manure isfittejl to belpe the decaying of the joyle thereof. 
 
 Auinggiuen you the bed rules and inflru&ionsthdt I can for your 
 Bower Garden, and all the flowers that are fit to furnifh it, I now 
 proceede to your herbe garden, which is not of the lead refpedi 
 belonging to any mans houfe, nor vtterly to bee negJcdled for the 
 many vtilitics are to be had from it,both for the Maflers profit and 
 pleafure, and the mcynies content and nourilhment : all which if 
 ( I Ihould here fet down, I had a large field to wander in, and matter 
 " fufficicntto entreat of, but this worke pcrmitteth not that libertie : 
 and I thinke there are but few but eyther know it already, or conceiue it diffidently in 
 their minds. Palfing therefore no further in fuch difeourfes, I come to the matter in 
 hand.which is to Ihcw you where the fitted place is for an herbe garden. As before I 
 fhewedyouthatthebeautieof any worthy houfeis much the more commended for 
 the pleafant fituation of the garden of flowers, or of pleafure, to be in the fight and full 
 profpeft of all the chiefe and choifcd roomes of the houfe- fo contrariwife,y our herbe 
 garden fliould bee on the one or other fide of the houfe, and thole bed andchoyfe 
 roomes : for the many different fents that arife from the herbes, as Cabbages, Onions,- 
 See. are fcarce well pleafing to perfume the lodgings of any houfe 5 and the many ouer- 
 tures and breaches as it were of many of the beds thereof, which mud ncceflarily bee, 
 are alfo as little pleafant to the fight. But for priuate mens houfes, who mud like their 
 habitations as they fall vnto them, and cannot haue time or mcanes to alter them, they 
 mudmakeavertue of neceffity, and conuert their places to their bed aduantage, by 
 making their profit their chicfed pleafure, and making one place feruefor all vlcs.The 
 choyce of ground for this Garden, is (as I faid before) where it is fat, fertili and good, 
 there needeth the leffe labour and cod : and contrariwile, whercit is cold, wet, dry or 
 barren, there mud bee the more helpes dill added to keepe it in heart. Forthis Garden 
 by reafon of the much andcontinuill flirting therein, the herbes androotes drawing 
 outthefubdanceof thefertiliticthcreof more aboundantly then in theformer, mud 
 be continually holpen with foy le, or elfe few things of goodnefic or worth will come 
 forward therein. Thcflablefoyleof horfesis bed and more proper for any colde 
 grounds, for being the hotted, it will caufeany thefeedes forthis Garden to profper 
 well, and be more forward then in any other groundthat is not fo holpen. The flable 
 loyleof Cattell is of a colder and moifler nature, and is therefore more proper for 
 
 Q.q 3 the 
 
4 6 1 The ordering of the Kitchen (jar den. 
 
 the hot (andy or grauelly grounds, and although it bee longer before it bee brought to 
 mould then that of horfes, yet it will outlaft it more then twice fo long. Let euery one 
 thereforetake according to the nature of the ground fuch helpcs asaremoft Stand 
 conuenient, as I haue here and before (Tie wed. But I doe here ingenuoufly confeffe my 
 opinion of thefe forcings and helpings of ground, that howfoeuer it doth much good 
 to fome particular things, which becaufe th ey delight in heate, and cannot be brought 
 to perfection without it in this our Countrey, which is colder then their naturali from 
 whencethey are brought, mud therfore haue artificiali helpes to forward them 5 yet 
 for many other things the comport doth much alter and abate the naturali vigour, and 
 quickenefle of tafte, that is pcrceiued in them that grow in a naturali fat or Tandy foile 
 that is not fo hoi pen. 
 
 Cl! AP. II. 
 
 The forme of a Gorden of herbes for necejftryvfcs, ^ 
 
 rvitS the ordering thereof 
 
 A S our former Garden of pleafure is wholly formable in euery part with 
 fquares, trayles, and knots, and to bee ftill maintained in their due forme and 
 beautie : fo on the contrary fide this Garden cannot long conferuc any forme, 
 for that euery partthereof is fubiedf to mutation and alteration. For although it is 
 conuenient that many herbes doe grow by themfclues on beds, cart out into fome pro- 
 portion fit for them, as T yme, Hiftope, Sage, &c. yet many others may bee fowen to- 
 gether on a plot of ground of that largenefle that may feruc euery mans particular vfe 
 as he (hall haue occafion to employ it, as Reddilh, Letticc and Onions, which after 
 they are gro wne vp together may be drawne vp and taken away,as there is occafion to 
 fpendthem : but Carrots or Parfneps being fowen withothersmuftbeefufferedro 
 grow laft, becaufe they require a longer time before they be fit to be taken vp. Other 
 herbes require fome large compafle of ground whereon they may grow of themfelues 
 without any other herbes growing among them, as Artichokes,Cowcumbers,Melons, 
 Pompions. And fome will doe fo with their Cabbages alfo, but the bed and moft fru- 
 gali way nowvfed, is to plant them round about the border of your plot or ground 
 whereon you plant Cowcumbers, Pompions, or other things, in that by this meanes 
 fo much ground will be well faued,and the other thingsbe no whit hindered thereby, 
 which elfe a great dcale of ground muft be employed for themaparr. Sothatbythis 
 that I haue here faid, you may perceiue the forme of this Garden is for the moft part, 
 to bee (fill out of forme and order, in that the continuall taking vp of the herbes and 
 rootes that are fowen and planted, caufcththc beds or parts of this Garden to lye 
 broken, difmembered, and out of theorderthat atthe firftit was put into. Remem- 
 ber herewithall that (as I faid before) this Garden requireththe continuall helpe of 
 foyle to be brought into it, in that the plenty of thefemannerof herbes and rootes 
 doe fo much wafte the fertilitie and fatiieffe of the ground, that without continuall 
 refrething it would quickly become to poore and barren, that it would not yeelde the 
 worthof thefeede. Theordinary time to faylea Garden, is to bring in manure or 
 dung before Chriftmas, and eyther bury it fome fmall depth, nottoodeepe, or elfe 
 to lay it vpon theground that the winter froftes may pierce it, and then turne it (hallow 
 into the ground to fow your feeds in the Spring. 
 
 Chap. 
 
rr 
 
 The ordering of tbs Kitchen (fur den. 
 
 4 <*} 
 
 CH A P. I I I. 
 
 Hovctooiier Jitters Garden herbes , both for their forcing, 
 
 /pending, and gathering of the/eede, 
 
 O Vr chief'cft andgreateft Gardiners now adaics, doefoprouide forthemfelucs 
 eueryyeare, that f rom their owne grounds they gather thefeedeof many 
 herbes that they fowc againe: for hauing gained the beft kind of diuers herbes, 
 they will belt ill furoifhed with the fame, and be not to fcckceuery yeare for new that 
 oftenrimes will not yeeldethem halfethe profit that their choycefeede will: I fay of 
 many herbes, but not of all ; for the beft of' them all hath not ground fufficientforall 
 forts, nor will our climate bring fometothat perfection that other forraine doth, and 
 therefore the feede of fome things aie continually brought from beyond Sea vuto vs. 
 And againe although our chiefe Gardiners doe (till prouide their owuefeede of diuers 
 things from their owne ground, becaufe as I (aid it is of the beft kinde,yet you tntirt vn- 
 dcrftandalfo,that good (tore of the fame fortes of feeds are brought from beyond the 
 Seas, for that which is gathered in this Land is noc fufficient to ferueeuery mans vie in 
 the whole Kingdome by many parts ; yet (till it is true,that our Englifh (cede of many 
 things is better then any that commeth from beyond the Seas : as for example, Red- 
 didi, Lettice, Carrots, Parfneps, T urneps, Cabbages, and Leckcs, of all w hich I in- 
 tend to write in this place ; for thelc are by them fo husbanded, that they doe not (ow 
 their owne grounds with any other feede of thefe forts but their owne : which that 
 you may know the manner how to doe, I will here fet it downe, that cucry one may 
 haue the bed directions if they will follow them. Of Reddifh thereare two forts, one 
 more early then the other: they vfetherforero fow their early Reddifh firft, that they 
 may haue the earlieft profit of them, which is more worth in one fortnight, then in 
 a moneth after. And to cffeCt this they haue fome artificiali helps alfoyvhich areihele: 
 They vfe to digge vpa large plot of ground wherethey intend to fow their feede a lit- 
 tle before or after Chriftmas, calling it into high balkes or ridges fiue or fixe foote a- 
 funder, which they fuffer to lye and takeall the extreame frofts in Iahuary to mellow 
 the earth, and when the froftes are pad, they then beginne to bring into it good (lore 
 of frefh (table dung, which they layeneyther too deepc nor too thicke, andcoueric 
 with the mould a hand breadth thicknefle aboue the dung, which dothgiuefucha 
 warmth and comfort to whatfoeuer is fowen thereon, that it forceth it forward much 
 fooner then any other way can doe : And to preuent both the froftes, and the cold 
 bitter windes which often fpoy le their feede new fprung vp, they vfe to fee great high 
 and large mattes made of reedes, tyed together, and fattened vnto ftrong flakes, thruft 
 into theground to keepe them vp from falling, or being blowne down With the winde - 
 which mattes they place on the North and £a(l fide to breake the force ofthefe winds, 
 and arc fo fin e and fafea defence, that a bricke wall cannot better defend any thing 
 vnderit, then this fence will. Inthismanner they doe eueryyeare to bring forward 
 their feede to gaine the more by them, and they that will haue Reddifh early, muft 
 take the fame courfe. The other fort of Reddifh for the mod part is fowen in Februa- 
 rie, a fortnight after the other at theleaft, and likewife euery moneth after vnto Sep- 
 tember, that they may haue young continually . For the blacke Reddifh, although ma- 
 ny in many places doe fowc ic in the fame time, and in the fame manner that the ordi- 
 nary is fowen, yet the nature thereof is torunne vp to feede more fpeedily then the 
 other, if it haue lo rich ground to grow vpon, and therefore the beft timeto fow it is 
 in Auguft, that fo it may abide all winter, wherein is the chiefcft time for the fpending 
 thereof, and to keepe it vntill the beginning of the next yeare from running vp to feed: 
 the gathering whereof, asalfoof the other fort, is all after one manner, that is, to be 
 pulled vp when the pods change whitifh, and then hanged vpon butties, pales, or fuch 
 other thing, vntill they bee thorough dry, and then beaten or thrafhed out vpon a 
 fmooth planchcr, or vpon clothes, as cuery ones {tore is, and their conueniencie. Let- 
 tice is fowen oftentimes with the early Reddifh, in the fame manner before faid, that 
 they may haue Lcttice likewife as early as the time of the year will permit them, which 
 
 they 
 
4 <? 4 - 
 
 The ordering of tbs Kitchen garden. 
 
 they pull vp where they grow too thicke, fpending them fird, and fo taking vp from 
 time to time, vntill they (land two foote in funder one from another, and'beginne 
 to fpindle and fhoorevp for feede. In this is vied fomearte to make the plants ftrong 
 to giue the better feede without danger ol rotting or fpoyling with the wet, which of- 
 ten happeneth to thofc about whom this caution is not obferued : Before your Let ticc 
 is (hot vp, marke out the choyfeft and ftrongeft plantes which are fitted to grow for 
 feede, andfromthofe when they are afootehigh, ftrippe away with your hand the 
 leaues that gro w lowed vpon the ftalke next the ground, which might ror, fpoyle or 
 hinder them from bearing fo good feede; which when it is neere to be ripe, the dalkes 
 rauft be cut offabout the middle, and lay de vpon mats or clothes in the Stinne, that'ic 
 may there fully ripen and be gathered ; for it would be blowneaway with the winde 
 if it Ihould be futfered to abide on the dalkes long. Parfneps mud be fowen on a deep 
 trenched mellow ground, otherwife they may run to feede the firft ycarc, which then 
 arc nothing worth : or clfe the rootes will be fmall ftaruelings and Ihort, and runne in- 
 to many fpires or branches, whereby they will not bee of halfe the worth. Somcvfe 
 tofowthem in Auguft and September, that fo they may bee well growne to feme ro 
 fpend in Lent following, but their bell time is in February, that the Summers growth 
 may make them the fairer and greater. When they runne vp to feede, you (halltake 
 the principali or middle heades, for thofe carry the Mailer feede, which is the beft^nd 
 will produce the faired rootes againe. Y ou (hall hardly haue all the feede ripe at one 
 inftant,for vfually the chiefeft heads will be fallen before the other are ripe : you mud 
 therefore dill looke them ouer,and cut them as they ripen.Carrots are vfually fowen 
 in March andAprill, and if it chance that fome of them doe runne vp for feede the 
 fame year, they are to be weeded out, for neyther the feed nor roots of them are good: 
 You mud likewife pull them vp when they arc too thicke^ if you will haue them grow 
 fair, or for feed, that they may grow at the lead three or fourefoot in funder:the dalkes 
 of Carrots arc limber,and fall do wne to rhegroun d 5 they mud therefore be fuftained 
 by poles layde acrolTe ondalkcs thrud into the ground, and tyed to the poles and 
 dalkes to keepe them vp from rotting or fpoyling vpon the ground : the feed hereofis 
 not all ripe at once, but mud be tended and gatheredas it ripeneth, and layd to dry in 
 fome dry chamber or floorc,and then beaten out with a dick, and winnowed from the 
 refufe. T urneps are fowne by themfelues vpon a good ground in the end of Iuly,and 
 beginning ol Augud, to haue their rootes bed to fpend in winter • for it often happe- 
 neth that thofe feedes of Turneps that are fowen in the Spring, runne vp to feede the 
 fame yeare, and then It is not accounted good. Many doe vfe to fow Turneps on thofe 
 grounds from whence the fame yeare they haue taken off Reddilh and Lettice,to make 
 thegreater profit of the ground.by hauing two crops of increafeinoneyearc. The 
 dalkes of Turneps will bend downe to the ground, as Carrots doe, but yet mud not 
 be bound or ordered in that manner, but differed to grow without daking or binding, 
 fo as they grow of fome good didancein funder : when the feede beginneth to grow 
 ripe, be very carefull to preferue it from the birds, which will be mod bufie to deuour 
 them. You (hall vnderdand likewife that many doeaccountthebed wayto hauethe 
 faired and mod principali feede from all t hefe fore- recited herbes, that after they are 
 fowen, and rifen to a reafonable growth, they be tranlplanted into frelhground.Cab- 
 bagesalfo are not only fowen forthevfeof their heads to fpend formear, buttoga- 
 ther their feede likewife, which howfoeuer fome haue endeauoured to doc, yet few 
 haue gained good feede, becaufe our lharpe hard frodes in winter haue fpoyled and 
 rotted their ftockes they preferaed for the purpofe ; but others liaue found out a bet- 
 ter and a more fure way, which is, to take vp your docks that are fitted to be preferued, 
 and bring them into the houfe, and there wrap them ey ther in clothes, or other things 
 to defendthem from the cold, and hang them vp in a dry placc,vntillthebeginning of 
 March following, then planting themintheground, and a little defend them at the 
 firft with draw cad ouer them from the cold nights, thereby you may be fure to haue 
 perfedlgood feede, if yourkindebeof thebed : Soweyourfeed inthemoncthsof 
 February or March, and tranfplant them in May where they may dand to grow for 
 yourvfe, bur be carefull to kill thewormesorCatcrpillersthatelfewill deuoure all 
 your leaues, and be carefull alfo that none of the leaues bee broken in the planting, or 
 otherwife rubbed, for that oftentimes hindereth the well clofing of them. Leekes are 
 
 far 
 
The ordering of the ffitchen (jar den. 
 
 4-^5 
 
 for the moft part wholly nourfed vp from the feede that is here gathered; andbecau/e 
 there is not fo much (lore of them either fowne or fpent, as there isof Onions by the 
 twentieth part , we are Hill the more carefull to be prouided from our ownc labours - 
 yettherebe diners Gardiners inthis Kingdome, that doc gather fome fmall quantity 
 of Onion feede alfo for their owneor their priuate friends fpending. The fowingoF 
 them both is much about one timeand manner, yet moft vliially Leeks are fowne later 
 then Onions,and both before theend ofMarchat the furtheft; yet fome fowe Onions 
 from the end of Iuly to the beginning of September, for their Winter prouifion.Thofe 
 that are fowne in the S pring, are to be taken vp and tranfplanted on a freih bed prepa- 
 red for the purpofe, or elfe they will hardly abidea Winter ; but hauing taken roots 
 before Winter, they will beate good feede in the Summer following : You muft flake 
 both your Leekes and your Onion beds, and with poles laid a croffe , binde your lop- 
 ple headed ftalkes vnto them, on high as well as belowc , or elfe the windcand theit 
 ovvne weight will beare them downe to the ground, and fpoile your feede. You mull 
 thinne them; that is, pull vp continually after they are firft fprung vp thofe that growe 
 toothickc, as you doe with all the other herbes before fpoken of, that they may haue 
 •the more roome to thriue. Of all thefe herbes and rootes before fpoken of, you muft 
 take the likelieft and faireft to keepe for your feede; for if you fliould not take the beft 
 what hope ofgood feede can you expedt i The time forthe fpending of thefe herbes 
 and rootes, not particularly mentioned, is vntill they begin to runnevp for feede, or 
 vntill they are to be tranfplanted for feede, or elfe vntill Winter, while they are good, 
 as eucry one iliall fee cable. 
 
 Chap. 1 1 1 1. 
 
 Hm to order Artichokes, Melons , Covocstmbers , 
 and Pomp tens. 
 
 T Here are certaine other herbes to be fpoken of, which are wholly nourfed vp 
 for their fruit fake, ofwhomlfhall not need to fay much, being theyarefo 
 frequent in euery place. Artichokes being planted offaire and large flips , ta- 
 ken from the roote in September and O&oberlyct not too late) will moft of them 
 beare fruit the next yeare,fo thatthey be planted in well dunged ground, and thecarth 
 raifed vp like Vnto an Anthill round about each roote, to defend them the better from 
 the extrearae frofts in Winter. Others plant flips in March and April!, or fooner,but 
 although fome ofthem will beare fruit the fame yeare, yet all will not. And inddldd 
 many doe rather choofero plant in the fpring then in the fall, for that oftentimes an 
 extreamehard Wintcrfollowingthenewfettingofflips , when they haue not taken 
 fufficient heart and roote in the ground, doth vttcrly pierce and perifh them , when as 
 they that are fet in the Spring haue the whole Summers growth, to make them ftrong 
 before they feele any (harpe frofts , which by that time they are the better able to 
 beare. Muske Melons haue beenc begun to bee nourfed vp but of late dayes in this 
 Land, wherein although many haue tryed and endeauoured to bring them to perfeiSi- 
 on , yet few haue attained vnto it : but thofe rules and orders which the beft and skif- 
 fulleft haue vfed, I will here fet downe, that who fo will, may haue as good and ripe 
 Melons as any other in this Land. The firft thing you aretolookevnto, istopro- 
 uideyou a peece ofground fit for the purpofe , which is either a floping or (heluing 
 banke,lyifigopenandoppofiretotheSouthSunae, orfome other fitplace notfliek- 
 uing, and this ground alfo you muft fo prepare, that all the art you can vfe about it to 
 make it rich is little enough ; and therefore you muft raife it with meereftablefoyle, 
 thorough rotten & wel 1 turned y p,that it may be at thcleaft three foote deepe thereof 
 which you muft caft alfo into high beds or balkes,with deepe trenches or furrowes be- 
 tweene, fo as the ridges may be at the lead a foot and a halfe higher then the furrowes; 
 forotherwifeitisnotpoffibletohauegood Melons growe ripe. The choife of your 
 feede alio is another thing of efpeciall regard, and the beft is held to be Spanilh , and 
 not French, which hauing once gained, befure to haue ftill of the fame while they laft 
 
 good. 
 
^66 ''I be ordering of the Kjtchen ( jar den . 
 
 good, that you may haucthefeedeof yourowne ripe Melons from them that haue 
 eaten them, orfauefomeof the belt your felfe forthepurpofe. I fay while they laft 
 good 5 for many are of opinion, that no fcedeof Muske Melons gathered in England, 
 will endure good to forveagaine here aboue thethird yeare, but ftill they muft be re- 
 newed from whence you had your choifcft before. Then hauing prepared a hot bed 
 of dung in Aprill, fee your feedes therein to raife them vp, and coucr them, and order 
 them with as great care or greater then Cowcumbers, &c. are vfed, that when they are 
 ready , they may be rranl planted vpon the beds or balkes of that ground you had be- 
 fore prepared for them, and fet them at the lead two yards in funder , euery one as it 
 were in a hole, with a circle of dung about them , which vpon the fetting being wate- 
 red with water that hath flood in the Sunne a day or two, and fo as often as neede is to 
 water, couer them with ftrawe(fomcvfe great hollow glafles like vnto bell heads) or 
 fome fuch other things, to defend them both from the cold euenings or dayes, and the 
 heate of the Sunne, while they are y oungand new planted. There are fome that take 
 vpon them great skill, that miflike of the railing vp of Melons, as they doe alfoof 
 Cowcumbers, on a hot bed of horfe dung, butwillput twoorthree fecdcsinaplace 
 in the very ground where they fball (land and growe , and thinkc without thatformer 
 manner of forcing them forwards , that this their manner of planting will bring them 
 on faft and fure enough, in that they will plucke away fome of the word and weakeft, 
 tftoo many rife vp together in a place ; but let them know for ccrtainc,that howfoeuer 
 for Cowcumbers their purpofe and order may doe reafonable well, where theground 
 is rich and good, and where they llriue not to haue them fo early , as they that vfe the 
 other way, for Muske Melons , which are a more tender fruit , requiring greater care 
 and trouble in the nourfing, and greater and ftrongcr heate for the ripeniDg,they mull 
 in our cold climate haue all the art vfed vnto them that may be, robringthem on the 
 more early, and haue the more comfort of the Sunne to ripen them kindly, or elfe they 
 will not bee worth the labour and ground. After you haue planted them as aforefaid, 
 fome of good skill doe aduife, that you be carefull in any dry feafon, to giuc them wa- 
 ter twice or thrice euery wceke while they arcy oung , but more afterward when they 
 are tnoregrowne, and that in the morning efpecially,yca aad when the fruit is grownc 
 fome what great, to water the fruit it felfe with a watering pet in the heate of the day, 
 isoffogoodeffedl, thatit ripeneth them muchfaftcr, and will giuc them the better 
 tafle and fmell,as they fay.T o take likewife the fruit, and gather it at the full time of his 
 ripenelfe is no fmall art ; for if it be gathered before his due time to be prefently eaten, 
 it willbehardand greene,and noteate kindly; and likewife if it be differed too long, 
 the whole goodnelfe will be loft: You (hall therefore know, thatit is full time to ga- 
 ther them to fpend prefently , when they begin to looke a little yellowilh on the out- 
 fide,and doe Imcll full and ftrong ; but if you be to fend them farre off, or keepe them 
 long vpon any occafion, you lhall then gather them fo much the earlier, that accor- 
 ding to the time of the carriage and fpending, they may ripen in the lying, being kept 
 dry , and couered with woollen clothes : When you cut one to eatc , you (hall know 
 it to be ripe and good, if the feede and pulpc about them in the middle be very wate- 
 ri(h,and will eafily be feparated from themearc , and likewife if the meate looke yel- 
 low, and be mellow, and not hard or greene, and taftc full and pleafant, and not wate- 
 rifli : The vfuall manner to eate them is with pepper and fait , being paredand diced, 
 and to drowne them in wine, forfeate of doing more harme. Cowcumbers and Pom- 
 pions,afcer they are nourfedvp inrhebedofhotdung,aretobefenerallytran(planted, 
 each of them on a large plot of ground, a good diftance in funder : but the Pompions 
 more.becaufe their branches take vp a great deale more ground, & befides,will require 
 agreatdealemorewatering,becaufethe fruit is greater. Andthus haueyou the orde- 
 ring of thofe fruits which are of much efteeme, efpecially the two former, with all the 
 better fort ofperfons; and the third kinde is not wholly refufed, of any, althoughit 
 ferueth moft vually for the mpaner and poorer fort of people , alter the firft early ripe 
 are fpent. 
 
¥ be ordering of the Kitchen (jar den. 
 
 467 
 
 Chap. V. 
 
 The ordering of diners ferts of herbes for the fat, for meote, 
 end for the tihic. 
 
 T Y me, Sauory, and Hyffbpe, are vfually fowne in the Spring on beds by thrrn- 
 fclues, cuerieonea part ; butthey thatmakeagaine by felling to others the 
 young rootes, to fet the knots or borders of Gardens , doe for the mod part 
 fowe them in Iuly and Auguft, that fo being fprung vp before Winter, they will be the 
 fitter to be taken vp in the Spring following, toferueany mans vfe that wonldhaue 
 them. Sage, Lauender, and Rofemary, are altogether fet in the Spring, byflipping 
 the old (hikes , and taking the youngeft and likelieft of them, thrufting them either 
 twined or otherwife halfe a footedeepc into the ground, and well watered vponthe 
 fetting ; if any fcafonable weather doe follow , there is no doubt of their well thri- 
 lling ; the hot Sunne and piercing drying Wmdes arc the greateft hinderances to them- 
 and therefore I doe aduife none to fet too foonc in the Spring, nor yet in Aurumne, as 
 many doe pradlife : for I could neucr fee fuch come to good, for the extremity of the 
 Wintercommingvponthemfofooneaftcrtheirfetting, will not fuffer theiryoung 
 fhootes to abide, not hauing taken fufficient ftrength in theground, to maintain them- 
 felucsagainft fuch violence, which doth often pierce the ftrongeft plants. Maricrome 
 and Baffin are fowne in theSpring,yetnottooearly jforthey are tender plants , and 
 doe not fpringvntill the weather bee fomewhat warme: but Baffill would bee fowne 
 dry, and nothaueany water of two or three daies after the fo wing , elfe the feede will 
 turne to a gclly in the ground. Some vfe to fowe the feed of Rofemary, but it feldomc 
 abideth the firft Winter, becaufe the young plants being fmall, and not of fufficient 
 ftrength, cannot abide the (harpnelfe of fome Winters, not withftanding thecouering 
 of them, which killeth many old plants ; but the vfuall way istoflippeand fet, and fo 
 they thriue well. Many doe vfe to fowe allorthemoft forts of Pot-herbes together 
 on one plot of ground, that they neede not togoe farre to gather all the forts they 
 wouldvfe. There arc many forts of them well knownevnto all, yetfewor none doe 
 vfe all forts, but as euery one likethjfome vfe thofe that others refufe,and fome efteem 
 thofenottobeewholefome and ofagood rellilh, which others makenofcrupleof. 
 The names of them are as followeth , and a fhort relation of theirfowing or planting. 
 Rofemary, Tyme, and Sauorie are fpoken of before, and Onions and Leeks, s. 
 Mintsaretobee fetwiththeir rootes in fome by-place, for that their rootes doe 
 creepefo farre vnder ground, that they quicklyfillvp the places neare adioyning, if 
 they be not puldvp. 
 
 Clarie is to be fowne, and feedeth and dycth the next y care, the herbe is ftrong,and 
 therefore a little thereof is fufficient. 
 
 Ncp is fowne, and dyeth often after feeding, few doe vfe it, and that but a little at a 
 time: both it and Clarie are more vfed in Tanfies then in Broths. 
 
 Coftmarie is to be fet of rootes, the lcaues are vfed with fome in their Broths, but 
 with more in their Ale. 
 
 Pot Marierome is fet of rootes, being feparated in funder. 
 
 Penniroyallistobefctof the fmall heads that haue rootes, it creepeth and fprea- 
 deth quickly. 
 
 Allifanders are to be fowne of feede , the tops of the rootes with the greene leaues 
 arc vied in Lentcfpecially. 
 
 Parfley is a common herbe, and is fowne of feede, it feedeth the next yeareand 
 dyeth: the rootes arc more vfed in broths then the leaues, and the leaues almoft with 
 all forts of meates. 
 
 Fennell is fowne of feede, and abideth many yeares y eelding feede : the rootes al- 
 fo are vfed in broths, and the lcaues more feldome, yet ferueto trimtne vproany 
 fifli meates. 
 
 Borage is fowne of feede, and dyeth the next yeare after, yet once being fuffered to 
 feede in a Garden, will ftill come of it ownc Ihcdding. 
 
 Buglofle 
 
4-68 
 
 The ordering of the Kitchen (jar den. 
 
 Buglofie commeth of feede, but abideth many yeares after it hath giuenfeede,if it 
 
 ftand not inthecoldeft place ofthe Garden. 
 
 Marigolds are fowne of feedc, and may be after tranfplanted they abide two or 
 three yeares if they be not fet in too cold a place : the leaues and flowers are both vfed. 
 Langedcbeefeis fowne offeede , which fliedding it felfe will hardly be deftroyed 
 
 ln Arrachlis to be fowne offeede, this likewife will rife euery yeare of it owne feed, if 
 
 it be fuffered to fhed it felfe. . . r , 
 
 Beetes are lownc of feedc, and abideth fome yeares after, (till giuing feede. 
 
 Blites are vfed but in fome places ; for there is a generali opinion held or them, that 
 
 they are naught for the eyes: they arc fowneenery yeare of feede. 
 
 Blooiwort once fowneabideth many yeares, if the extremity of the frofts kill it 
 not, and feedeth plentifully. 
 
 Patience is of the fame nature, and vfed in thefame manner. 
 
 French Mallowcs are to be fowne of feede, and will come of itownefowing, if tf 
 
 be fuffered to (hed it felfe. . 
 
 Ciuesare planted onely by partingthe rootes 5 for it neuer giueth any feede at all. 
 Garlicke is ordered in the fame manner , by parting and planting the rootes cuene 
 
 ^Thefe be all the forts arc vfed with vs for that purpofe, whereas I faid before , none 
 vfeth all, but euery one will vfc thole they like beft : and fo much (hall fuffice for pot- 
 herbes. 
 
 Chap. VI* 
 
 The msumer end ordering of mtny forts of herbes tied 
 rootes for Saffets, 
 
 I F I fhould fet dowae all the forts of herbes that are vfually gathered for Sallets , I 
 fhould not onely fpeake of Garden herbes , but of many herbes, &c. thatgrowc 
 wilde in the fields, or elfebe but weedes in a Garden; for the vfuall manner with 
 many, is to take the young buds and leaues of euery thing almoft that groweth, as well 
 in the Garden as in the Fields, and put them all together, that the taftc ofthe one may 
 amend the rellifh ofthe other: But I will only fliew you thole that are fo wn or planted 
 in «ardens forthat purpofe. Afparagusisa principali &dele<2able Sallet herbe, whole 
 yoking fhootes when they arc a good handfull highaboue the ground , are cut an inch, 
 within the ground, which being boylcd,are eaten with a little vinegar and butter, asa 
 Sallet of great delight. Their ordering with thebeft Gai diners is on this wife: When 
 you haue prouided feede ofthe beft kinde, you muftfoweit either before Chnftmas, 
 as moft doe, or before the end of February ; the later you fowe, the later and the more 
 hardly will they fpring : after they aregrownevp, theyareto be tranfplanted in Au- 
 tumneonabed well trenched in with dung; for elfe they will not bee worth your la- 
 bour and fet about a foote-diftance in funder, and looke that the more caref ull y ou are 
 in the replanting of them, the better they will thriue, and the fooncr grovvc great : at- 
 ter Sue or fix yeares (landing they vfually doe decay «and therefore they that ftriueto 
 haue continually faire and great heads , doe from feede raife vp young for their (tore. 
 You muff likewife fee that you cut not your heads or young flioote too nigh , or too 
 much that is, to take away too many heads from a roote, but to leaue a fumcient num- 
 ber vn cut, otherwife it will kill the heart of your rootes the fooner caufing them to 
 dye or to giue very finall heads or fhootes ; for you may well conhder Wlt " your 
 felfe 5 that if the roote haue not head enough left it aboue the ground to inoote greene 
 this yesrc,it will not, nor cannot profper vnder ground ro giue encreafe the aext yeare. 
 The ordering of Lcttice I haue fpoken of before , and (hall not neede here to repeate 
 what hath beenc already faid, but referre you thereunto for the fowins, planting, &c. 
 onely I will here fliew you the manner of ordering them for Sallets. There arc fome 
 forts of Lettice that growe very great , and clofe their heads, which are called Cab- 
 bage 
 
The ordering of the Kitchen (jar den. 
 
 
 bageLcttice,both ordinary and extraordinary, and thereare other forts of great Let- 
 tice that arc open, and clofenot,or cabbage not at all, which yet are ot an excellent 
 kinde, if they bevfedaftertbarefpcciallmanherisfitforthem, which is, That when 
 they are planted (for after they are fowne, they, mull be tranfplanted) of a reafonuble 
 diftance in funder, and grownetobe of fome bignefle , eueryoneof them muft bee 
 tycd together with baft or thread toward the toppes ot thek-auts, that by this meanes 
 all the inner leaues may growe whitifh , which then are to be cut v p and vied : for the 
 keeping of theleaucsclofe doth make themtafte delicately, andtobee very tender. 
 And thefcfortsofLctticeforthetnoft part arefpent after Summer ispaft, wheno- 
 ther Letticeare not to be had. Lambes Lettice or Corne Sallet is an herbe, which ad- 
 ding all Winter, isthefirft Sallet herbe oftheyearethatisvfedbeforeany ordinarie 
 Letdceis ready ; it is therefore y/ually fowne in Auguft, when the feede thereof is 
 ripe. Purflane is a Summer Sallet herbe, and is to be fowne in the Spring , yet lome- 
 whatlatc, becaufe it is tender, and ioyeth in warmth • and therefore diuers hauc 
 fowne it vpon thofe beddes of dung, whereon they nourfed vp their Cowcum- 
 bcrs,&c. after they are taken away, which being well and often watered, hath yerl- 
 ded Sallet vntill the end of the yearc. Spinach is fowne in the Spring, of all tot the 
 moft part that vfe it, but yet if it be fowne in Summer it will abide grecne all the Win- 
 ter, and then feedeth quickly: itisaSalletthathathlittleornotafteatallchcrcin, like 
 as Lettice and Purllane-, and therefore Cookes knowhow tomikeiuany agood dilh 
 of meate with it, by putting Sugar and Spice thereto. Colewonsarcot diuers kinds, 
 and although fome of them are wholly fpenr among the poorer lort of people, yen 
 fomekindcsof them may be dreifed and ordered as may delight a curious palate, 
 which is,thacbeing boyled tender, the middle ribs are taken cold , and Lud in ailhes, 
 and vinegar and oy le poured thereon, and fo eaten. Coleflo wers are to be had in this 
 Countrcy but very feldome, for that iris hard to raeete with good feede • ltmuft bee 
 fowne on beds of dung to force it forward , or elle it would pcri.fl> with the froft be- 
 fore it hadgiuen his head of flowers,and tranfplanted inqoveriegood and riel, ground, 
 left you lolc the benefit of your labours. Endiue is of two forts, the ordinary, and an- 
 other that hath the edges of the leaues curld qr crumpled , it is to be whiled, to make 
 it the more dainty Sallet, which is vfualiy done in thfs manner : After they are grown 
 to fome reasonable greatnelfe (but in any cafebefore they (hoote forth j ftalkc inthc 
 midft for feede) they areto betaken vp, andthe roores being cuta vay, lay diem to 
 dry or wither for three or foure houres, and then bury them in land, io as noneof 
 them lye one vpon another, or if you can, one to touch another, which b- rks meanes 
 will change whitilh, and thereby becomeverie tender, and .is a Sallee b.».i> for - 
 tumneand Winter. Succoricis vfed by fome in the fame manner, but b.. 
 morebitterthen Endiue, it is not io generally vfed, or rather vledbutof averk/. v.'j 
 and whereas Endiue will feedethefameyeareit is fowne, and thendye, Succori. - - 
 deth manie yearcs , the birternefie thereof caufing it to be more Piiylica.Il to open , 
 ilr udtions ; and therefore the flowers pickled vp, as diuers other flowers arc vfed tc - ■ 
 now adaies, make a delicate Sallet at all times when there isoccalionto vfe them. . '/ 
 redBeetes, therootesareonely vfed both boyled and eaten cold with vinegar a J 
 oyle, and is alfo vfed to trimmevp or garnilh forth manie forts of diflies of m -ate : th 
 feede ofthebeft kinde will not abide good with vs abotre^threeyeares, but will dege 
 nerate and growe worfe-, and therefore thofe that delight therein muft be curious,: o 
 be prouided from beyond Sea, that they may haue fuchaswill giue delight. Sorrel 
 is an herbe fo common, andthe vfe fo wellknowne, both for iawce, and to iea 
 broths and meates for the found as well as licke perfons , that I Ihull not needeiofay’ 
 anic more thereof. Cheruill is a Sallet herbe of much vfe, both with French and 
 Dutch, who doe much more dclighc in herbes of ftronger tafte then the Englifh doe : 
 it is fowne early, and vfed but a while, becaufe it quickly runneth vp to feede. S.weete 
 Cheruill, or as fome call it, SweeteCis, is fo like in tafte vnto Anife feede, that it 
 much delighteth the tafteamong other herbes in a Sallee : the feede is long, thicke, 
 blacke, and cornered, and muft be fowne in the end of Autumne, that it may lye in ; lie 
 ground all the Winter, and then it will ihoote out in the Spring, or elfe if icbe fowne 
 intheSpring, it will not fpringvp that ycarcvntill rhenext : the leaues (as I laid be- 
 fore)are vfedamong otherherbes : the rootes likewife are not onely cordial! , but 
 alfo heldcobepreferuatiue againft the Plague, either greene,dryed, or preferued 
 
 R r with’ 
 
'1 he ordcringof the Kitchen Cjarden . 
 
 withlugar. Rarnpion rootes are a kinde'of Sallee with a great many, being boyled 
 tender, and eaten cold with vinegar and pepper. CrelTes is an herbe of eafie and quick 
 growth, and while it is young eaten eyther alone, or with parfleyand other herbes : 
 it is of aftrongtade to them that arc not accuftomed thereunto, but it is much vfed of 
 ftrangers. Rocket is of the fame nature and qualitie, but fomewhat ftronger in tafte : 
 they are both fo-ven in the Spring, and rife,feede and dye the fame yeare. Tarragon is 
 an herbe of as ftrong a tafte as eyther Rocketor CrelTes, itabideth and dyeth not euery 
 yeare, nor yet giucth ripe feede (as far as euer could bee found with vs) anyyeare, 
 but maketh fufficient increafe within the ground,! preading his roots all abroad a great 
 way off. Muftard is a common fawce both with fifh and flefh,and the feed thereof (and 
 no part of the plant befides) is well krtowne how to be vfed being grownded.as euery 
 one I thinke knoweth. The rootes of horfe Radilh likewife becing grownd like 
 Muftard, is vfed both of ftraogers and our ownc nation, as fawce for filh. Tanlie is of 
 great vfe,almoft with all manner of perfons in the Spring of the yeare : it is more vfu- 
 ally planted of the rootes then other wife ; for in thatthe rootes fpreadfarandneere 
 they may be eafily taken away, without any hurt to the reft of the rootes. Burnet, al- 
 though it be more vfed in wine in the Summer time then any way elfe,yet it is likewffe 
 made a fallet herbe with many, to amend the hat fh or weak relliflt of feme other herbs. 
 Skirrets arc better to be fowen of the feed then planted from the roots, and will come 
 on more fpeedily,and be fairer rootes : they are as often eaten cold as a Sallet, being 
 boyled and the pith taken out, as ftewed with butter and eaten warme.Let not Parfley 
 and Fenell be forgotten among your ocher Sallet herbes, wherof I haue fpoken before, 
 and therefore need fay no more of them. The flowers of Marigolds pickt cleace from 
 the heads, and pickled vp againft winter, make an excellent Sallet when no flowers are 
 to be had in a garden. Clouc Gilloflowers likewife preferued or pickled vp in the fame 
 manner (which is flmtumfuper flrotumy. lay offlowers,and then ftrawed ouer with fine 
 dry and poudered Sugar, and fo lay after lay ftrawed oucr, vntill the pot bee full you 
 meaneto keepe them in, and after filled vp or coucred ouer with vinegar) make a Sallet 
 now adayes in the highefteftetmc with Gentles and Ladies of the greateft note : the 
 planting and ordering of them both is fpoken of fcuerally in their proper places. 
 Goates bearbethat groweth in Gardens only, as well as that which groweth wildein 
 Medowcs,&c. bearing a yellow flower, are vfed as a Sailer, the rootes beeing boyled 
 and pared are eaten cold with vinegar, oyleand pepper; orelfc ftewed with butter and 
 eaten warmc as Skirrets, Parfncps &c. And thus haue you here fetdownc all thofe 
 moll vfuall Sallets are vfed in this Kingdome: I fay the moft vfuall,or that arc nourfed 
 vp in Gardens; for I know there are fome other wilde herbes and rootes, as Dandelion 
 &c. but they are vfed onelyof ftrangers, and of thofe whofc curioficic fearcheth out 
 the whole wot ke of nature to fatisfie their defires. 
 
 Chap. VI I. 
 
 Of diners PhyfuoS herbes ft to be planted in Gardens, to feme 
 for the efpccuS vfes of a familic. 
 
 H Auing thus (hewed you all the herbes that are moft vfually planted in 
 Kitchen Gardens for ordinary vfes , let mee alfo adde a few other that 
 are alfo nourfed vp by many in their Gardens , to preferue health, and 
 hclpetocurcfuchfmalldifeafes as are often within thecompaileof the Gentlewo- 
 mens sk ils, who, to helpe their owne family, and their poore neighbours that arc farre 
 remo te from Phyfitians and Chirurgions, take much paines both to doe good vnro 
 them, and to plant thofe herbes that are conducing to their defires. And although 
 I doe recite fome that are mentioned in other places, yet I thought it meetero remem- 
 ber them altogether in one place. Angelica, the garden kinde, is fogoodan herbe, 
 that there is no part thereof but is of much vfe, and all cordiall and preferuatiue from 
 infectious or contagious difeafes, whether you will diftill the water of the herbe, or 
 preferue or candie t he rootes or the greenc ftalkes, or vfe the feede in pouder or in di- 
 ftiihtions, or deco&ions with other things : it is fowen of feede, and will abide vntill 
 
 it 
 
The ordering oftbe [\itchcn (jar den. ^ 
 
 it giue frcdc, and rhen dyeth. ItucorHcrbegraccis a ftrong herbe,yet vfcd inwardly 
 againft the plague as an Antidote with Figs and Wall-nuts, and helpeth much againft 
 windy bodies : outwardly it is vfedtobeefaydetothc wreftesof the hands, todriue 
 away agues it ismore vfually planted of flips then raifed from feede, and abideth 
 long it (har pc froftes kill it not. Dragons being diddled are held to be good to expell 
 any euill thing from the heart : they are altogether planted of the rootes. Setwall, Va- 
 lerian, or Capons tay 1c, the herbe often, but the roote much better, is vfcd to prouoke 
 fweating,thcrcbyto expell euill vapours that mightannoy the heart : it is only plan- 
 ted of the rootes when they aretakenvp, and theyoung replanted. Afarabacca the 
 leauesare often vfcd to procure vomiting being ftamped, and the (trained iuice to a lit- 
 tle quantitie, put into a draught of ale and drunke, thereby toeafethcftomackeof 
 many euill and grofl'e humours that there lycand offendit- ; diuersalfo take the leaucs 
 and rootes a little boyled in wine, with a little fpice added thereunto, to expell both 
 tertian and quartan agues: the rootes of our Englifli growing ismoreauaileablefor 
 thefe purpofesthenany outlandifh : it is planted by the roote ; forlcouldneuerfee 
 it fpring of feede. Mafterwort coinmeth fomewhat neere in propertie vnto Angelica, 
 and befides very effeftuall to difperfe windein thebodie, whether of thecollicke or 
 otherwife } as alfo very profitable to comfort in all cold caufcs : it yeeldeth feede but 
 yet is more vfually planted from the rootes being parted. Balmeisacordiallherbe 
 both in fmell and tafte, and is wholly vfcd for thofe purpofes, that is, to comfort 
 the heart being diftillcd into water either fimple or compound, or the herbe dryed and 
 vied : itisfetof the rootes being parted, becaufeitgiuethnofeedethateuer I could 
 obferue. Camomill is a common herbe well knownc, and is planted of the rootes in 
 alleyes, in walkes, and on bankes to fit on, for that the more it is troden on, and pref- 
 fed downc in dry weather, the clofer it groweth, and the better it will thriuc : the vfe 
 thereof isverymuch, bothtowarmc and comfort, and to eafepaines being applyed 
 outwardly after many falhions : the decoftion alfo of the flowers prouoketh fwear 
 and they are much vfcd againft agues. Featherfewisanherbe of greater vfe for wo- 
 men then for men, to difl'olue flatulent or windy humours, which caufeth the paines of 
 themother: fomevfetotaketheiuicethereof indrinkeforagucs : it is as well fo wen 
 of the feede as planted of the rootes. Coftmary is vfed among thofe herbes that arc 
 put inoale to caufe it haue a good rcllifh, and to befomewhat phyficall in the moneth 
 of May, and doth helpe to prouoke vrine : it is fee of the rootes being parted. Maudlin 
 is held to be a p rincipall good herbe to open and cleanfe the liucr,and for that purpofc 
 is vied many vvayes, as in ale, in tanfies,and in broths &c.rhe feed alfo is vfed,and fo is 
 the herbe alfo fometimes, to kill the wormes in children : it is fo wen of the feede, and 
 planted alfo of thefeparared rootes. Caflidonic is a fmall kinde of Lauendcr, but dif- 
 fering both in forme and qualitic : it is much vfed for the head to eafe paines thereof 
 asalfo put among otherthings to purge mclancholickedifeafes : itisfowenof feede* 
 and abideth not a winter vnleffe it bee well defended, and yet hardly giueth ripe feede 
 againe withvs.Smallageisagreatopeninghcrbe.and much more then eyther Parfley 
 or Fcncll, and the rootes of them all are often vfcd together in medicines : it is fowen 
 of feede, andwillnot beewanting inaGarden if once you fufferittofowkfelfc. 
 Cardus Benediiftus, or the Bleftcd Thiftlc, is much vfcd in the time of any infedion or 
 plague, as. ilfo to expel! any euill fymptome from the heart atall other tiines.Itis vfed 
 likewife to be boy led in poffet drink,& giuen to them that haue an aguc,to help to cure 
 it by fweating or otherwife. It is vfually fowen of feed, and dyeth when it hath giuen 
 feed. W inter C herries arc likewife nurfed vp in diuers gardens, for that their propertie 
 is to giue helpe to them that are troubled eyther with the flopping or heate of their v- 
 rine.the herbe and berries arcoften diftillcd, but theberries alone aremoreoften vfcd.- 
 after it is once planted in a garden it will runnevnder ground, & abide well enough. 
 Celondioe is held to bee good for theiaundife, it is much vfed for to clcere dim eyes, 
 eyther the iuice or the water dropped into them : it is (©wen of feede, and being once 
 brought into a garden, will hardly be weeded out • the feede that (heddeth will fofow 
 itfelfe, and thcrcforcfomecornermagardenisthefkreftplacefork. Tabaccoisof 
 two forts, and both vfed to be planted in Gardens,yetthe Engliih kinde (as it is called) 
 is more to be found in our Countrey Gardens then the Indian fort : the leaues of both 
 forts indifferently, that is, of eyther of which is next at hand, being ftamped and boy- 
 
 Rrt led 
 
4 If t. The ord '< ring of the Kitchen Cjard en . 
 
 led eyther by.it felfe,or with other herbes in oyle or hogs fuet, doe make an excellent 
 ftlue tor greene wounds, and alio to clenfe old vlcers or fores ; the iuice of the greene 
 leaues drunke in rlc, ora dryed lcafe deeped in wine or ale for a night, and the wine or 
 aledrunke in the morning, prouoketh to caft, but the dryed leafe much ftronger then 
 the greene : they are fowen of feede, but the Indian kinde is more tender, and will not 
 abide a winter with vs abroade. S purge that vfually groweth in Gardens, is a violent 
 purger, and therefore it is need full to be very carefull how it is vfed : the feede is more 
 ordinarily vfed then any other part ofthe plant, which purgeth by vomiting in fome, 
 and both vpwards and downwards in many ; the iuice of the herbe,but efpecially the 
 milke thereof, is vfed to kill wartes : it is fo wen of feede, and when it doth once fhed 
 it felfe, it will (till continue fpringing of the fallen feede. Bearefootc isfowen of feed, 
 and will hardly abide tranfplanting vnleffc it bee while it is young ; yet abideth d iuers 
 yearesjif itftandnotintoocoldaplace. This I fpeakc of the greater kinde ; for the 
 lower fmall wilde kind (which is the moll ordinary in this land ) will neuer decay : the 
 leaues are fometinaes vfed greene, but molt vfually dryed and poudered, and giuen in 
 drinke to them that haue thewormes : it purgeth melancholy, but efpecially the roots. 
 In many Countries of this Land, andel(ewhere,they vfetothruft the ftalkofthegreat 
 kinde through the eareovde /lap of Kmeand Cattell, to cure them of many difeafes. 
 Salomons Seale, or (as fome call it) Ladder to heauen, although it doth grow wilde in 
 many places of this Land, yet is planted in Gardens : it is accounted an excellent 
 wound herbe to confolidate, and binde, infomuch that many vfe it with good fuccelfe 
 to cure ruptures, and to flay both the white and the red fluxe in w omen : it is planted 
 altogether of the rootes, for I could neuer finde it fpring from the feede, it is fo ftrong. 
 Cosrfry likewife is found growing wilde in many places by ditch (ides, and in moifl: 
 places, and therefore rcquireth fome moifl places ofthe garden : it is wholly vfed for 
 knitting, binding, and confolidating fluxes and wounds, to be applyed either inwardly 
 or outwardly: The rootes are ftronger for thofe purpofes then any other parts of the 
 plant. Licoris is much vfed now adaics to bee planted in great quantitie, euen to fill 
 many acres of ground, whereof rifeth a great deale of profit to thofe that know how 
 to order it, and haue fit grounds for it to thriue m ; for euery ground will not be aduan- 
 tagious : It will require a very rich, deepe and mellow ground, eyther naturali or arti- 
 ficiali { but for a priuate houfe where a fmall quantitie will ferue, there needeth not fo 
 much curiofitie : it is vfually planted of the top heads, when the lower reotesfwhich 
 are the Licoris that is vfed)and the runnersare cut from them. Some vfe to make an or- 
 dinary drinke or beuerage of Licoris, boyled in water as our vfuall ale or beere is with 
 malt, whic h fermented with barme intlie fame manner, and tunned vp,ferueth in ftcad 
 thereof, as I am credibly informed: It is otherwife in a manner wholly fpent for colds, 
 coughesand r heumes, to expedlorate flegme, but vfed in diners formes, as in iuice, in 
 decodlions, fyrrups, routes, trochifces, and the greene or dryed roote of it felfe. 
 
 And thefe are the mod ordinary Phy ficall herbes that are vfed to be planted in gar- 
 dens for the vfe of any Country familie, that is (as I laid before) farre remote ftom 
 Phyfitians or Cbirurgions abidings, that they may vfe as occafian ferueth for them- 
 felues or their neighbours, and by a little care and paines in the applying may doe a 
 great dealeof good, and fotnetimes to them that hauenot wherewith tofpendon 
 themfelues, much leffe on Phyfitians or Chirurgions, or if they haue, may oftentimes 
 receiueleffe good at their hands then at others that are taught by experience in their 
 owne families, to be the more ableto giue helpe to others. 
 
 The 
 
473 
 
 THE 
 
 KITCHEN 
 
 GARDEN- 
 
 THE SECOND PART, 
 
 Ontainingas well all forts of herbes, as rootes and fruits, that 
 arcvfually planted in Gardens, toferueforthevfeof the Table 
 whether of the poore or rich of our Countrey : but herein I in- 
 tend not to bring any fruite bearing frees, Ihrubbes, or bufhes ; 
 fori rcferue them for ray Orchard, wherin they lhal be fet forth. 
 Sothatin thefe three parts, I fuppofe the exquifite ornament of 
 any worthy houfe is confummate for the extcriour bounds, the 
 benefit of their riches extending alfo to the furnifhing of the 
 moll worthy inward parts thereof : but becaufe many take plea- 
 fhre in the fight and knowledge of other herbes that arePhyficall, and much morein 
 their properties and vertues, if vntothefethreelfhouldaddea Phyficke Garden, or 
 Gardcnof Simples, there would be a quadripartite complement, of whatfoeuer arte 
 or nature, needfitie or delight could a fled j which to effect (as many my friends haue 
 intreaced it army hands) will require more paines and time then all this workc toge- 
 ther : yet to fatisfie their defires and all others herein, that would bee enformed in the 
 truth, and reformed of the many erroursar.d flips fet forth and publilhed heretofore 
 of plants by diuers, I lhall ( God affifting and granting life)labour to performe, that it 
 may (hew it felfe to the light in due conucniencie, if thefe bee well and gratefully ac- 
 cepted. And becaufe I ended with fome fwcete herbes in the former parr,I will in this 
 part beginne with the reft, which I referued for this place, as fitter for the pot and 
 kitchen then for the hand or bolome, and fo defeend ro other herbes that are for meat 
 or edicts : and after them to thofe rootes that are to be eaten, as meate or as fallets : 
 and laftly the fruits that grow neere, or vpon the ground, or not much aboue it • as the „ 
 Artichoke, &c. in which I make a (horter defeription then I did in the former, rather 
 cndeauouringtofhew what they are, and whereunto they are vfed, then the whole 
 varictie or any exact declaration : which methode, although in fome lort it may bee 
 fitting for this purpofe, yet it is not for an hiftory or herball : I (hall therefore require 
 rhea good acceptance for whofe fake I doe it, not doubting, bucthatl, or others, if 
 they Write againe of this fubiedt, may polifh and amende what formerly hath becne 
 eyrher mif(et,or notlothorougbly exprc(Ted,befides fome additions of new conceits; 
 feeing I treade out a new path, and therefore thole that follow may the eafilier fee the. 
 Meanders, and fo goe on ih a direct line. 
 
 Rr 3 
 
 Chaf»' 
 
+ 7 + 
 
 The Kitchen (jarden. 
 
 Chat. L 
 
 MtiortK* * latifolii, fine m tier ^tnglicu. Winter,or pot Marierome. 
 
 W inter Marierome is a fmall bulhie herbe like vnto fweete Marierome, be- 
 ing parted or diuided into many branches, whereon doe grow broader 
 andgrccner leaues, fet by couples, with fome fmall leaues likcwife at the 
 fcueral l ioynts all along the branches: at the tops whereof grow a number of fmall 
 purplifh white flowers fee together in a tuft, which turne into fmall and round feed, big- 
 ger then fweet Marierome feede : the whole plant is of a fmall and fine fent,but much 
 inferiour to the other, and is nothing fo bitter as the fweete Marierome, and thereby 
 both the fitter and more willingly vfed for meates : the roote is white and threddy, 
 and perilheth not as the former, but abideth many ycarcs. 
 
 TheVfcof winter Marierome. 
 
 Thevfeof this Marierome is more frequent in our Land then in others, 
 being put among other pot-herbes and farfingCor fafeting herbes as they are 
 called) and may to good profit bee applyed in inward as well as outward 
 griefes for to comfort the parts, although weaker in effedi thenfwecce 
 Marieromes. 
 
 Chap.II. 
 
 Thymum vulgut'm fine durius. Ordinary Garden Tyme. 
 
 * •• ' ' '• *i : . . . • ill Y » • * ; 
 
 T He ordinary Garden Tyme is a fmall low wooddy plant with brittle branches, 
 and fmall hard greene leaues, as cuery one knoweth, hauing fmall white pur- 
 plilh flowers, ftanding roundabout the tops of theftalkes : the feed is fmall 
 and browne, darker then Marierome feed : the root is woody, and abideth well diuers, 
 Winters. 
 
 Thymum Ltiftlium. Mafticke Tyme. 
 
 This Tyme hath neyther fo wooddy branches, nor fo hard leaues, but groweth 
 lower, more fpreading, and with fomewhat broader leaues : the flowers are of a pur- 
 plifli white colour, ftanding in roundlcs round about theftalkes, at the ioynts with 
 leaues at them likewife. This Tyme endureth better and longer then the former, and 
 by fpreading it felfe more then the former, is the more apt to bee propagated by flip- 
 ping, becaufeithathbeenefeldomefeenetogiuefeede : Itisnot foquicke in fen tor 
 tafte as the former, but is fitter to fet any border or knot in a garden, and is for the moft 
 part wholly employed to fuch vfes. 
 
 TheVfcof Tyme. ; 
 
 To fet downc all the particular vfes whereunro Tyme is applyed, were to 
 weary both the Writer and Reader 5 1 will but only note out a few : for be- 
 fides the phyficall vfes to many purpofes, for the head, ftomacke, fpleene, 
 &c. there is no herbe almoft of morevfe, inthehoufesbothof highand 
 low, rich and poore, both for inward and outward occafions • outwardly 
 for bathings among other hot herbes, and among other fweete herbes for 
 ftrewings: inwardly in moft forts of broths, with Rofmary, asalfowith 
 other fafeting (or rather farfing) herbes, and to make fawce for diuers forts 
 both fifh and flefh, as to ftnffe the belly of a Goofe to bee rofted, and after 
 put into the fawce, and the ponder with breadc to ftrew on meate when it 
 
 is 
 
4 '16 The Kjtchsn (jar den. 
 
 is rofted, and fo likewifeon rofted or fryed fiUi. It is held by diuers to bee 
 a fpeedy remedy againft the fting of a Bee, being bruifed and layd thereon. 
 
 Chap. III. 
 
 Sit urcin flue Thymbra. Sauorie. 
 
 T Here are two forts of of Sauory, the one called Summer, and the other Win- 
 ter Sauorie : The Summer Sauory is a fmall tender herbe, growing not aboue 
 a footeand a halfe high, or thereabouts, riling vp with diuers brittle branches, 
 flenderly or fparfcdly fet with fmall long leanes,foft in handling, at euery ioynt a cou- 
 ple, one againft another, of a pleafant ftrong and quicke fent and tafte : the flowers are 
 fmall and purplilh, growing at the toppes of the ftalkes, with two fmall long leaues at 
 theioynts vnderthem: thefeede is fmall, and of a darke colour, bigger then Tymc 
 feede by the halfe : the roote is wooddy, and hath many firings, perilhing euery 
 yeare wholly, and muft bee new fowen againe, if any willhaueit. 
 
 The Winter Sauorie is a fmall low bufhie herbe, very like vnto Hyffope, but nota* 
 boue a foote high, with diuers fmall hard branches, and hard darke green leaues there- 
 on, thicker fet together then the former by much, and as thicke as common Hyffope, 
 fometimes with fourc- leaues or more at a ioynt, of a reafonable ftrong fent, yet not fo 
 ftrong or quicke as the former : the flowers are of a pale purplilh colour,fet at feuerall 
 diftances at the toppes of the ftalkes, with leaues atthe ioynts alfo with them, like the 
 former : the roote is woody, with diuers fmall firings thereat, andabidethallthe 
 winter with his grecnc leaues : it is more vfually encreafedby flipping or diuiding the 
 roote, and new letting it feuerally againe in the Spring, then by fowing the feed. 
 
 The Vfcof Sauorie. 
 
 The Summer Sauorie is vfed in other Countryes much more then with vs 
 in their ordinary diets, as condiment or fawee to their meates, fometimes of 
 it felfe, and fometimes with other herbes, and fometimes ftrewed or layde 
 vpon the dilhes as we doe Parfley, as alfo with beanes and peafe, rife and 
 wheate ; and fometimes the dryed herbe boyled among peafe to make 
 pottage. 
 
 The Winter Sauorie is one of the (farfing) fafeting herbes as they call 
 them, and fo is the Summer Sauorie alfo fometimes. This is vfed alfo in the 
 fame manner that the Summer Sauorie is, fet downe before, and to the fame 
 purpofes : as alfo to put into puddings, fawfages, andfuch likekindesof 
 meates. Some doe viethepouderof the herbe dryed (as I fayd before of 
 T yme) to mixe with grated bread, to breade their meate, be it filh or flclh,to 
 giueitthe quicker rellilh. They are both effeftuall to expell windc. 
 
 Ch At. mi. 
 
 HjJJifm. Hyffope. 
 
 G Arden Hyffope is fo well knowne to all that haue beene in a Garden,that I Ihall 
 but Aclum agere, to bellow any time thereon, being a fmall bulhie plant, not ri- 
 ling aboue two foote high , with many branches, woody below, and render 
 aboue, whereon are let at certaine diftances, fundry fmall, long and narrow grecnc 
 leaues : at the toppe of euery ftalke Hand blewifh purple gaping flowers, one aboue 
 another in a long fpike or care : after which followeththe feede, which is fmall and 
 blackilh: therootesarecompofedof many threddy firings } the whole plant is of a 
 ftrong fweetfent. 
 
 The 
 
H be Kjtcben (jar den. 
 
 Ml 
 
 The Vfe of Hyffope. 
 
 Hyffope is much vfed in Ptifans and other drinkes, to help to expe&oratc 
 flegrnc. It is many Countrey peoples medicine for a cut or greenc wound 
 being bruifed with fugar and applyed. I finde it is alfo much commended* 
 againft the falling fickeneffe, efpecially being made into pils after the man- 
 ner before rehearfed. It is accounted a fpeciall remedy againft the ftin« or 
 biting of an Adder, if the place be rubbed with Hyffope, bruifed and mixed 
 with honey, fait and cummin feede. A decodion thereof with oyle, and 
 annotated, taketh away the itching and tingling of the head, and vermine 
 alfo breeding therein. An oyle made of the herbe and flowers, beta» an- 
 notated, doth comfort benummed finewes and ioynts. 
 
 C h a p. V. 
 
 Pulegium. Pennyroyall. 
 
 P Ennyroyall alfo is an herbe fo well knowne,that I lhall nor neede to fpend much 
 dmeinthedefeription of it : hauing many wtake round ftalkeS, diuidedinto 
 fundry branches, rather leaning or lying vpon the ground then ffanding vprtaht 
 whereon are fet at feuerall ioynts, fmall roundifh darke greene leaues : the flowers arc 
 purplifh that grow in gardens, yet forne that grow wilde are white, or more white then 
 purple, fet in roundlcs about the tops of the branches 5 the ffalkes fhoote forth fmall 
 fibres or rootes at the ioynts, as it lyeth vpon the ground, thereby faftening it felfc 
 therein, and quickly increafeth, and ouer-runnethany grouhd, efpecially in rhelhadc 
 or any moift place, and is replanted by breaking the fproured ftafkes, and fo quickely 
 groweth. «“r 
 
 Other forts of Pennyroyall are fit for thePhyficke Garden, or Garden of Simples. 
 
 The Vfe of Pennyroyall. 
 
 It is very good and wholefome for the lunges, to expell coldthin flegme, 
 and afterwards to warme and dry it vp : and is alfo of the like propertie as 
 Mintes, to comfort the ftomacke, and ftay vomiting. It is alfo vfed in wo- 
 mens baths and walhings : and in mens alfo to comfort the finewes. It is yet 
 to this day, as it hath beene in former times, vfed to bee put into puddings, 
 and fuch like raeates of all forts, and therefore in diuets places they know 
 it by no other name then Pudding-graffe. 
 
 The former age of our great Grandfathers, had all thefe hot herbes in 
 much and familiar vfe, both fortheir meates and medicines, and therewith 
 preferued themfelues in long life and much health : but this delicate age of 
 ours,which is not pleafed with any thingalmoft,be it meat or medicine,that 
 is nor plealant to the palate, doth wholly refufe thefe almoft, and therefore 
 cannot be partaker of the benefit of them. 
 
 Chap. VI. 
 Salvu. Sage. 
 
 - . . . 
 
 T Here arctwo efpeciall kindes of Sage nonrfed vp intaur Gardens, for our or- 
 dinary vfe, whereof I intend to write in this plade, leauing the rcftro his fit- 
 ter place. Our ordinary Sage is reckoned to bee of two forts, white and red, 
 
 both 
 
The Kitchen (jar den. 
 
 bothofthera bearing many foure fquarc wooddy (hikes, in fome whiter, in others 
 redder, as the lcaues areall'o, (landing by couples at the ioynts,bcing long, rough, and 
 wrinkled, of a ftrong fwcete fent : at the tops of theftalkes come forth the flowers, fee 
 at cettainc fpaccs oneaboue another, which are long and gaping, like vmo the flowers 
 of Clary, or dead Nettles, butofablewilh purple colour 5 after which come (mall 
 round feede in the huskethat bore the flower : the roote is wooddy, with diuers 
 firings at it : It is more vfually planted of the flips , pricked in the Spring time into 
 the ground, then of the feed. 
 
 Siluii minor fine pimottt. Small Sage or Sage of vertue. 
 
 The leffcr Sage is in all things like vnto the former white Sage, but that his bran- 
 ches arc long and (lender, and the lcaues much fmaller, hauing forthc mod part ar the 
 bottomeofcachfideofthelcafea pceceof a leafe, which maketh it (hew like Anns 
 or eares : the flowers alfo arc of a blewilh purple colour , but leller. Of this kinde 
 there is one that bearcth white flowers. 
 
 The Vfe of Sage. 
 
 Sage is much vfed of many in the moneth of May fading, with butter and 
 Parfley, and is held of mofb much to conduce to the health of mans body. 
 
 It is alfo much vfed among other good herbes to bcetund vp with Ale, 
 which thereupon is termed Sage Ale, whereof many barrels full are made, 
 and drunkc in the faid moneth chiefly for the purpofe afore recited: and alfo 
 for teeming women , tohelpcthcmthebetterforward in their childebea- 
 ring, if there be feare of abortion or mifearry ing. 
 
 It is alfo vfed to be boyled among other herbes, to make Gargles or wa- 
 ters to wafh fore mouths and throates: As alfo among other herbes, thac 
 feme as bathings, to wafh mens legs or bodies in the Summer time, to com- 
 fort nature,and wartneand drengthen aged cold finewes, and lengthen the 
 ftrength of the younger. 
 
 The Kitchen vfe is either to boyle it with a Calues head , and being min- 
 ced, to be put w ith the braines, vinegar and pepper, to feme as an ordinary 
 fa wee thereunto : Or being beaten and iuyeed (ratherthen minced as ma- 
 niedoe) is puttoaroded Pigges braines, with Currans for fawee there- 
 unto. It is in fmall quantity (in regard of thedrong fade thereof) put a- 
 mong other fading herbes, to feme as fawee for pccces of Veale,when they 
 are farfed or duffed therewith, and roded, which they call Olliues. 
 
 For all the purpofes aforefaid , the fmall Sage is accounted to be of the 
 more force and vertue. 
 
 3 ; 
 
 Chap. VII. 
 
 Horminomfttivum. Garden Clary. 
 
 T Hcre is but one fort of Garden Clary, though many wilde, which hath foure 
 fquares ftalks, with broad rough wrinkled whitifh leaucs, fomewhar vncuenly 
 cut in on the edges.and of a ftrong fwecrefent,grovving fome next the ground, 
 & fome by couples vpon the ftalkcs: the flowers growe at certaine diftances,with two 
 fmall leaues at the ioyntsvnder them, fomewhat likevnto theflowevsof Sage, but 
 lefler, andofavery whitifh or bleake blew colour: the feede is of a blackifb brownc 
 colour, fomewhat flat, and not fo round as the wilde : t he rootes fpread not farre, and 
 perifh euery yeare that they bearc flowers and feede. It is altogether to bee fo wne of 
 feed in theSpring time,yct fometimes it will rife of it owne lowing. 
 
 The 
 
c fhe Kjtcbtn (jar den. 
 
 \79 
 
 The Vfe of Clary. 
 
 . T he moft frequent and common vfe of Clary, is for men or women that 
 haue weakebackes, to helpe to comfort and (Lengthen the raines, being 
 made into Tanfies and eaten, or otherwile. The feede is vfcd of fome to be 
 put into the corner of theeye, if any mote or other thing haue happened 
 into it : butafluredly although this may peraduenturedoe fome good , yet 
 the feede of the wilde will doemuchmore. The leaucs taken dry , and 
 dipped into a batter made of the yolkes of egges, flower, and a little milke, 
 and then fry ed with butter vntill they be crifpe, feme for a diihof meate 
 accepted with manic, vnpleafant.to none. 
 
 CHAr.viii. 
 
 Nepeta. Ncp. 
 
 A Lthough thofe that are Herbarifts do know three forts of Nep,a greater & two 
 letter, yet becaufe the letter are not vfuall, but in the Gardens of thofe that de- 
 light in natures varieties,I do not here (hewyou them.Thar which is vfualKand 
 called ofmanie Cat Mint) bcareth fquareftalkes, but not fo great as Clarie , hauing 
 two leaues at euery ioynt, fomewhatlikevnto BalmeorSpeareMintes, butwhiter^ 
 fofter, and longer, and nicked about the edges, of a ftrong fent , but nothing fo ftrong 
 as Clary : the flowers gro we at the toppes of the ftalkcs , as it were in long fpikesor 
 heads, fomewhat dole together , yetcompaffingtheftalkesatcertaineioynts, of a 
 whitifh colour , for forme and bignette like vnto Balme , or fomewhat bigger : the 
 roorcs are compofedofa number of firings, which dye not, but keepe greene leaues 
 vpon them all the Winter, andfliooteanew in theSpring. Itis propagated bothby 
 the feede , and by flipping the rootes. 
 
 ThcVfeofNep. 
 
 ■ s/d 
 
 Nepis much vfcd ofwomen either in baths or drinkes to procure their 
 feminine eourfes : asalfo with Clarie, being fryed into Tanfies, to ftreng- 
 then their backes. Itis much commended of fome, if theiuyee thereof be 
 drunke With wine, to helpe thofe that arebruifed by fome fall, or other 
 accident. Adcco&ionof Nepis auaileabletocure thefcabbeinthehead, 
 or other places of the body. 
 
 r. - 
 
 Chap, IX. 
 
 Melijfa. Baulme, 
 
 T He Garden Baulme which is of common knowne vfe, hath diuers fquare blac- 
 kifh greene ftalkes, and round, hard, darkc, greene pointed leaues, growing 
 thereon by couples, a little notched about theedges,of a pleafant fweetefent, 
 drawing neareft to the fent of a Lemon or Citron ; and therefore of fome called Ci- 
 frago: the flowers gro we about the toppes of the ftalkes at certainc diftances , being 
 fmall and gaping, of a pale carnation colour, almoft white : the rootes fallen them- 
 felues ftrongly in the ground, and endure many yeares, and is cncreafed bydiuiding 
 the rootes ; for the leaues dye downe to the ground euery yeare, leauing nofhewof 
 leafe or ftalke in the Winter. 
 
 The 
 
The Kitchen (garden. 
 
 4.80 
 
 The Vfe ®f Baulme. 
 
 Raul me is often vfed among other hot and fweete herbes, to make baths 
 and walhings for mens bodies or legges, in the Summer time, to warmeand 
 comfort the veines and finewes, to very good purpofe and effed , and hath 
 in former ages beene of much more vfe then nowadaies. It is alfo vfed by 
 diuerstobeftilIed,bcingftecped in Ale, to make a Baulme water, after the 
 manner they haue beene taught, which they keepe by them, to vfe in the 
 fteadof ‘-y/qutviu, when they haue any occafion for their owne or their 
 neighbours Families , in fuddaine qualities or paffionsof the heart : but if 
 they had a little better direction (for this is fomewhat too rude) it would 
 doe them more good that take it: For the herbe without all queftion is an 
 excellent helpeto comfort the heart, as the very fmell may induce any fo to 
 beleeue. It is alfo good toheale grecne wounds, being made into falues : 
 and I vetily thinke,that our forefathers hearing of the healing and comfor- 
 table properties of the true naturali Baulme, and finding this heibe to be fo 
 effedluall, gaueit the name of Baulme, in imitation of his properties and 
 vertucs. It is alfo an herbe wherein Bees doe much delight, as hath beene 
 found by experience of thofe that haue kept great flare ; if the Hiues bee 
 rubbed on the infide with fame thereof, and astheythinke it drawetho- 
 thersbythefmellthercof to refort thither. Plinic faith, it isaprefent re- 
 medy againft the flinging of Bees. 
 
 Chai. X. 
 
 Mentlot. Miatcs. 
 
 v.i liloci , it . . .'ire: : 1 1. . 7 
 
 T Here are diuers forts ofMints.bothofthe garden, andwilde, of the woods,' 
 mountaincs,and (landing pooles or waters: butl will onely in this placebring 
 to your remembrance two or three forts ofthc moll vfuall that are kept in gar- 
 dens, for the vfes whereunto they are proper. 
 
 Red Mint or browne Mint hath fquare brownilh flalkes , with fomewhat long and 
 round pointed leaues, nicked about the edges, ofa darkegreene colour, fet by couples 
 ateuery ioynt, and ofa reafonable good fent: the flowers of this kindcarercddilh, 
 (landing aboutthetoppes of the flalkes at diflances: the rootes runne creeping in the 
 ground, and as the reft, will hardly be cleared out of a garden, being once therein , in 
 that the fmallell peece thereof will growe and encrcafeapace. 
 
 Spearc Mint hath a fquare greene flalke , with longer and greener leaues then the 
 former, fet by couples, ofa better and more comfortable fent, and therefore of much 
 more vfethen any other: the flowers hereof growe in long cares orfpikes, ofa pale 
 red or blulh colour : the rootes crcepe in the ground like the other. 
 
 Party coloured or white Mint hath fquare greene flalkes and leaues , fomewhat lar- 
 ger then Spearc Mint, and more nicked in the edges, whereof many arc parted , halfc 
 white and halfe grecne, and fome more white then greene, or more green then white, 
 as nature lifteth: the flowers (land in long heads clofe fet together, ofa blulh colour:, 
 the rootes creepe as the reft doe. 
 
 The Vfe of Mintes. 
 
 Mintes arc oftentimes vfed in baths, with Baulme and other herbes, as a 
 helpe to comfort and ftrengthen the nerues and finewes. 
 
 It is much vfed either outwardly applycd, or inwardly drunke, to ftreng- 
 then and comfort weake ftomackcs, that are much dueh to caftiag : as alfo 
 for feminine fluxes, lcisboylcdinmiikc for thofe whofe ftomackcs arc 
 
 apt 
 
T he Kitchen Cjarden . 
 
 apt co caufe it to curdle. And applyed with (alt, is a good helpc for the bi- 
 ting of a mad dogge. 
 
 It is vfed to be boyled with Mackarell, and other fifli. 
 
 Being dryed, is often and much vfed with Penniroyall, to bee put into 
 puddings : as alfo among peafe that arc boyled for pottage. 
 
 Where Dockes are not ready at hand, they vfe to bruife Mintes, and 
 lay them vpon any place that is ftung with Bees, Wafpes, or fuch like, and 
 that to good purpofe. 
 
 * 
 
 Chap. XI. 
 
 II 
 
 "Btlftmitt mai & Ctftm hertirum mtitr & mintr. 
 
 Coftmary and Maudeline. 
 
 •s 
 
 i 
 
 C Oftmary or Alecoaft is a fweet herbe, bearing many broad and long pale green 
 lcaues, fnipped about the edges, euery one vpon a long foore-ftalke ; among 
 which rife vp many round greeneftalkes, with fuch like leaucs on them , but 
 letter vp to the toppe, where it fpreadeth it felfe into three or fourc branches, euery 
 one bearing an vmbellor tuft of gold yellow flowers, fomewhat likcvntoTanfie 
 flowers, but lelTer, which turne into fmall heads, containing fmall flat long feede : the 
 roote is fomewhat hard and ftringy, and being diuided, is replanted in the Spring of 
 the yeare for increafe. 
 
 Maudeline hath fomewhat long and narrow leaues,fnipt about the edges : the ftalks 
 are t w o foot high, bearing many yellow flowers on the tops of the branches, in an vm- 
 bellortuftlikevntoTanfic:thewholchcrbcisfwcetc, and fomewhat bitter, andis 
 replanted by flipping. 
 
 The Vfe of Coftmary and Maudeline. 
 
 Coftmary is of efpeciall vfe in the Spring of the yeare, among other fuch 
 like herbes, to make Sage Ale , and thereupon I thinke it tooke the name of 
 Alecoaft. 
 
 It is alfo vfed to be put among other fweetc herbes, to make fweete wa- 
 fting water, w hereof there is great ftore fpent. 
 
 The leaues haue an efpeciall vertue to comfort both the ftomack and 
 heart,andtowarmeanddryamoiftbraine. The feede is much vfed in the 
 Country, to be giuen to children for the wormes,in the ftead of wormfeed, 
 and fo is the feede of Maudeline alfo. 
 
 Maudeline is much vfed with Coftmary and other fweet herbes, to make 
 fweete wafhing water: the flowers alfo are tyed vp with fmall bundels of 
 Lauendertoppes, thefe being put in the middle of them , to lye vpon the 
 toppes of beds, prettes,&c.forthe fweete fent andfauouriccafteth. Ir is 
 generally accounted of our Apothecaries to be the true Eapattrmm of Aui- 
 cen, and the true Agent nm of Diofcorides 5 but Dodonteus feemeth to con- 
 tradid both. 
 
 Chap. XII. 
 
 Ten ttt turn vulgtrt & crifpum. Tanfic. 
 
 O Vr Garden Tanfie hath many hard grecne leaues , or rather wings of lcaues • 
 for they are many fmall ones, fet one againft another all alongamiddle ribbe 
 or ftalke, and fnipt about the edges: in fome the leaucs ftandcloferandthic- 
 kcr,and fomewhat crumpled , which hath eaufed it to be called double or curld Tan- 
 
 fie. 
 
The Kjtcben (jar den. 4 8 ? 
 
 fie, in others thinner and morefparfedly : It rifetli vp with many hard (talks, whereon 
 groweatthetops vpon thefeuerall finall branches gold yellow flowers like buttons, 
 which being gathered in their prime, will hold the colour frelh a longtime : the (cede 
 is finall, and asitwerechaffietthe rootecreepeth vnderground, andfnootethvpa- 
 gaine in diuers places : the whole herbe, both leaucs and flowers, areofa fharpc, 
 ftrong, bitter fmell and tafte,but yet pleafant, and well to be endured. 
 
 The Vfeof Tanfie. 
 
 TheleauesofTanfiearevfedwhilcthey are young, cither Aired finall 
 with other herbes, orelfethe iuyceof it and other herbes fit forthepur- 
 pofc, beaten with egges ,and fryed into cakes(in Lent and the Spring of the 
 • yeare) which are vfually called T anfies, and are often eaten, being taken to 
 be very good for the ftomack,tohelpeto digeft from thence bad humours 
 that cleaue thereunto: Asalfoforweak raines and kidneyes, when the vrine 
 pafleth away by drops : This is thought to beof more vfe tor men then tor 
 women. The feed is much commended againftall forts of wormes in chil- 
 dren. 
 
 Chap. XIII. 
 
 PimptneSn fine Stngniforbt. Burnet. 
 
 B Vrnet hath many winged leaues lying vpon the ground, made of many finall, 
 round, yet pointed greene leaues, finely nicked on the edges, one fet againft an- 
 other all along a middle ribbe, and one at the end thereof ; from among which 
 rife vp diuers round, and fometimes crcfted browne ftaikes , with fome few fuch like 
 leaues on them as growe belowe, but fmallcr : at the toppes of the ftaikes grewe finall 
 browne heads or knaps, which flioote forth fmall purplilh flowers, turning into long 
 and brownifli, buta little cornered feede : the roote groweth downe deepe, being 
 fmall and brownifli : the whole plant is of a ftipticke or binding talk ot quality, but 
 of a fine quickc fent, almoft like Baulme. 
 
 TheVfeofBurnct. 
 
 The greateft vfe that Burnet is commonly put vnto, is to put a few leaues 
 into a cup with Claret wine, which isprefently tobedrunke, andgiuetha 
 pleafant quicketafte thereunto, very delightfull to the palate, and is ac- 
 counted a helpe to make the heart merrie. It is fometimes alfowhile it is 
 young, put among other Sallet herbes, to giue a finer rellifh thereunto. It 
 is alfo vfed in vulnerary drinkes,and to flay fluxes and bleedings, for which 
 purpofes it is much commended. It hath beene aifo much commended in 
 contagious and peftilentiall agues. 
 
 Chap. XIIII. 
 
 I 
 
 HippoUp&thum fativum , fine Rhtbirhtrum Mentchtrum. 
 
 Monkes Rubarbe or Patience. 
 
 G Arden Patience is a kinde of Docke in all the parts thereof, but that it is larger 
 and taller then many others, with large and long greene leaues, a great, ftrong, 
 and high ftalke,withreddifh or purplilh flowers, and three fquare feede , like 
 as all other Dockeshaue: the roote is greatand yellow, nothauing anyfhewof fleljj 
 coloured veines therein, no more then the other kinde with great round this leaues, 
 
 S f ? commonly 
 
be Kitchen Cjarden . 
 
 commonly called Hippelapathum remndifoitum, Ballard Rubarbe, orMonkes Rubarbe, 
 the properties of both which are of very weake effed : but I haueakindeof round 
 leafed Dock growing in my Garden, which was fent me from beyond Sea by a worthy 
 Gentleman,M r .D r .Matth. Lifter, one of the Kings Phyfitians, with this m\c,Rbapo»ti. 
 sum verum, and firft grew with me, before it was cuer feen or known elfe where in Eng- 
 land, w ch by prool I haue found to be fo like vntothetrueRubarbe,orthe Rha of Pon- 
 tus, both for forme and colour, that I dare fay it is the very true Rubarbe, our climate 
 only making it lelfe ftrong in working, IdR* heauy,and leffc bitter in talk: For this hath 
 great and thicke rootes, as diuerlly difcolourcd with flelh coloured veines as the true 
 Rubarbe, as I haue to drew to any that arc defirous to fee and know it ; and alfo other 
 fmaller fprayes or branches of rootes, fpreading from the mainegreatroote, which 
 fmaller branches may well be compared to thcRhaponttcum which the Merchants haue 
 brought vs, which we haue feene to be longer and flenderer then Rubarbe, but of the 
 Very fame colour : this beareth fo goodly large leaucs, that it is a great beauty in agar- 
 den to behold them : for I haue meafured the llalke of the leafeatthebottome next 
 the roote to bee of the bignelle of any mans thumbe ; and from the roote to the leafe 
 it felfe, to bee two foote in length, and fometimes morc ; andlikewjfethelcafeitfelfe 
 from the lower end where it is ioyned to thellalke,to the end orpoint thereof, to bee 
 alfo two foote in length, and fometimes more ; and alfo in the broadell part of the 
 leafe, to be two foote or more ouer in breadth : it beareth whitilh flowers, contrary to 
 all other Dockes, and three fquare brownifh feede as other Dockes doe, but bigger, 
 and therefore afluredly it is a Docke, and the true Rubarbe of the Arabians, or at the 
 lead the true Rbxpontuum of the Ancients. The figure of the whole plant I haue cau- 
 fed to be cut, with a dryed roote as it grew in my garden by it felfe, and haue inferted 
 it here, both becaufe Matthiolus giucth a falfe figure of the true Rubarbe, and that this 
 hath not been expreffed and fet forth by any before. 
 
 The Vfeof Patience,and of the Rubarbe. 
 
 The leaues of Patience are often, and of many vfed for a pot-herbe, and 
 feldomc to any other purpofe : the roote is often vfed in Diet-beere, or ale 
 or in other drinkes made by decoction, tohelpeto purgetheliuer, and 
 clenfe the blood. The other Rubarbe or Rhapo»ticum,\vheroi I make men- 
 tion, and giue you here the figure, 1 haue try ed, and found by experience to 
 purge gently, without that aftridion that is in the true Rubarbe is 
 brought vs from the Eaft Indies, or China, and is alfo lelfe bitter in talk - 
 whereby I coniedureit may bee vfed in hot and fcauerilh bodies more effe- 
 dually, becaufe it doth not binde after the purging, as the Eaft India Ru- 
 barbe doth : but this rauft bee giuen in double quantitie to the other, and 
 
 then no doubt it will doe as well : The leaucs haue a fine acide tafte : A fvr- 
 rupe therefore made with the iuice and fugar, cannot but be very effeduall 
 in deieded appetites,and hot fits of agues 5 as alfo to helpe to open obftrudi- 
 ons of the liuer, as diuers haue often tryed, and found auaileable by expe- 
 rience. 
 
 Chap. XV. 
 
 Lapathum f anguineum. Blood-wort. 
 
 A Mong the forts of pot-herbes Blood-worte hath alwayes beene accounted a 
 principali one, although I doe not fee any great reafon therein, efpecially fee- 
 ing there is a gtcater efficacie of binding in this Docke, then in any of the o- 
 ther: but as common vfe hath receiued it, folherefetitdowne. Blood-wortcisone 
 of the forts of Dockes, and hath long leaues like vnto the fmaller yellow Docke, but 
 ftriped with red veines, and ouer-fhadowed with red vpon the grecne leafe, that it fee- 
 meth almoft wholly ted fometimes : the ftalke is reddifb, beating fuch like leaues, but 
 
 fmaller 
 
The Kitchen (jarden, 
 
 
 I Tanacetum. Tanfie. i PimpitteUa- Burnet. * Khaoonticum vjerifm feu potius Rbabtrharum verum. True Raponticke or rather 
 nueRubarbc. 4 lap 1 thum/anvum/en L J a tientid. Monkcs Rubarbe or Patience,. 5 lapathum /anguineum. BJoudwort. 6 Ace tufa • 
 Socrcii. Sfj- 
 
4 
 
 The Kitchen Cjarden . 
 
 fmaller vp to the toppe, where it is diuided into diuers fmall branches, whereon grow 
 purpiidi flowers, and three fquare darke red feede, like vnto others : the roots are no: 
 great, but fotnewhar long, and very red, abiding many yeares,yct fometimes fpoiled 
 with the c-xtremitie of winter. 
 
 TheVfcof Blood-wortc. 
 
 The whole and onely vfe of the herbe almoft/erueth for the pot,amon<» 
 other herbes, and, as I faid before, is accounted a mod efpeciall one for that 
 purpofe.The feede therof is much commended for any fluxe in man or wo- 
 man,to be inwardly taken, and fo no doubt is the roote, being ofaftiptickc 
 qualitie. 
 
 Chat. XVI. 
 
 Oxalu fiue Aceto/d. Sorrell. 
 
 S Orrell mud needes bee reckoned with the D®cke$, forthat it isfo like vnto them 
 in all things, and is of many called the fowcr Docke. Of Sorrels there are ma- 
 ny forts, but I (hall not trouble you with any othcrin this place, then the com- 
 mon Garden Sorrell, which is moft knovrne, and of greateft vfe with vs ; which hath 
 tender greene long Ieaues full of iuice, broade, and bicorned as it were, next vnto the 
 ftalke,like as Arrach, Spinach, and our Englifli Mercurie haue,ofa (harpe fowcr tafte : 
 the (hikes are (1 ender, bearing purplifh long heads, wherein lye three fquare (hining 
 browne feede, like, but letter then the other : the root is fmaller then any of theother 
 Dockes, but browne, and full of ftrings, and abideth without decaying,hauing greene 
 Ieaues all the winter, except in the very extremitie thereof, which often takethaway 
 all or moft of his Ieaues. 
 
 The Vfe of Sorrell. 
 
 Sorrell is much vfedin fawces, both forthe whole, and the ficke, cooling 
 the.hot liuers, and ftomackes of the ficke, and procuring vnto them an ap- 
 petite vnto meate, when their fpirirs are almoft fpent with the violence of 
 their furious or fierie fits } and is alfo of a pleafant rellifh for the whole, in. 
 quickning vpa dull ftomacke that is ouer-loaden with euery daies plenty of 
 dillres.lt is diuers waies drefled by Cooks, to pleafe their Maftcrs ftomacks. 
 
 C hap. XVII. 
 
 Buglejfum luteum, Jiue Ltnguu noun, Langdebeefe. 
 
 V Ntothis place may well bee referred our ordinary Borage and Bugloffe, fet 
 forth in the former Boofce, in regard of the properties whereunto they are 
 much employed, that is, toferuethe pot among other herbes, as is fufficiently 
 knowne vnto all. And yet I confe(Te, that this herbe (although it bee called "Buglejfum 
 luteum, as if it were a kind of Bugloffe) hath no corrcfpondency with Bugloffe or Bo- 
 rage in any part, failing only a little in theleafe; & our Borage or Bugloffe might more 
 fitly, according to the Greeke name, bee called Oxe tongue dr Langdebeefe; and this 
 might in my mdgement more aptly be referred to the kinds of Hieratium Hawkeweed, 
 whereunto it neereft a pproacheth : but as it is commonly receiued, fo rake it in this 
 place, vntill i t come to receiue the placcis proper for it. It hath diuers broad and long 
 darke green Ieaues, lying vponthe ground, very rough in handling, full of fmall haircs 
 or prickes, ready to enter into the hands of any that handle it 3 among which rifeth 
 
 vp 
 
I Lingua bonis fins Bugloffum luteum, Langdebecfc. 2 Atriylex fine Olus aureum. Attach» 5 Blit urn* Blites 
 
 4 Beta. Beetes. 5 » Hinofelinttr» fine Olus atrum, Allifonders. 6 Seltmtm duke. SweeteParfley. 
 
 c £he Kjtcben (jar den. 
 
 487 
 
4^8 The Kitchen (j&rden. 
 
 vp a round greene hairy or prickly ftalk, bearing at the toppc, among a few fmall green 
 leases, diuers ftmll yellow flowers in rough heads, which turne into doune, containing 
 within them browne yellowifh fmall long feedes, fomewhat like vnto the feede of 
 Hawkeweede : the roote is wooddy,w hich perifheth quickly after it hath borne feed- 
 but is tender while it is young. 
 
 The Vfe of Langdcbeefc. 
 
 The leaues are onely vfed in all places that I know, or euer could learne, 
 for an herbe for the pot among others, and is thought to bee good to loo- 
 fen the belly. 
 
 Chap. XVIII. 
 
 Atriplex fine Oita tureum. Arrach. 
 
 T Herebediuerskindesof Arrach, or Orach, as forae doe call them 5 fomeof 
 the Garden, whereof I meane to entreate in this place; others wildc of the 
 Fieldes, &c. and others of the Sea, which are not to bee fpokcn of in this 
 worke, but referred to a generali hiftorie. The white garden Arrach, or Orach, hath 
 diners leaues, (landing vpon their fcuerall footeftalkes, broade at the bottome, ending 
 in two points like an arrow, with two feathers at the head, and fmall pointed at the 
 end of the leafe, of a whitifh yellow greene colour, and as it were ftrewed ouer with 
 flower or meale, efpecially while they are young : the ftalke likewife is mealy, bearing 
 many branches with fmall yellow flowers on them, which turne into fmallleafie feeds : 
 the roootc groweth fomewhat deepe in the ground, with many fmall threds faftened 
 thereto : it quickly fpringeth vp of the feede, groweth great, and f adeth away as foon 
 as it hath borne feede. 
 
 The purple Arrach is in all things like vnto the white, fauing onely m the colour of 
 the leaie, ftalke, feede, See. which are all of a mealy dully purplifh colour. 
 
 The Vfe of Arrach. 
 
 Arrach is cold and moift, and of a lubricke or flippery qualitie, whereby 
 it quickely paffeth through the ftomacke and belly, and maketh it folublc , 
 and is of many vfed for that purpofe, being boyled and buttered, or put a- 
 mong other herbes into the potto make pottage. 
 
 There are many dilhes of meate made with them while they are young, 
 for being almoft without fauour of themfelues, they are the more conuer- 
 tibleinto whatrellifh any one will make them with Sugar, Spice &c. 
 
 Chap. XIX. 
 
 Blitum. Elites. 
 
 T Herebe diuers forts of Elites, fomewhereof I haue entreated in the former 
 part of this worke, vndcr the title of ^entrant has, Flower gentle: others that 
 are nourfed vp in Gardens, I will fet forth in this place, which are onely two, 
 that haue come to my knowledge, that is, the white and the red, andareof aqualirie 
 as neere vnro Arrach as vnro Bcetes, parricipatingof both, and therefore I haue pla- 
 ced them betwixt them. The white Blite hath leaues fomewhat like vnto Beetes, but 
 fmaller, rounder, and of a whitifh greene colour,euery one ftandi ng vpon a fmall long 
 footeftalke : the ftalke rifethvp two or three foore high, with many fuch like leaues 
 thereon : the flowers grow at the top in long round tufts or clufters, wherein are con- 
 tained 
 
''I be Kjtchen (jar den. 
 
 ^9 
 
 tained fmall round fccdc : the rootc is very full of threds or firings. 
 
 The red Elite is in all things like the white, but that his leaues and tufted heades arc 
 exceeding red at the firft, and after turne more purplifh. 
 
 TheVfeof Blites. 
 
 Elites are :v fed as Arrach, cythcr boyled of it felfe or ftewed, which they 
 call Loblolly, or among other herbes to bee put into the pot ; and yet fame 
 doe vtterly refufeit, beatufeiu diuers it prouoketh cartings. It is altogether 
 infipide Or without taftc, but yet by reafon of themoift flipperiequalitie 
 it hath, ithelpethtoloofenthcbeUy. The vnfauorineflc whereof hath 
 irt many Countries grpwne into a prouerbe, or by-word,to call dull, flow, 
 orlazie perfons bythat name : They are accounted more hurtfull tothc 
 ftojnacke, and fo to the head and eyes, then other herbes, and therefore 
 they are the Idle vfed. 
 
 *V< ■ ; ..or . ; ml '(laom-O-i a it 
 
 Chap. XX. 
 
 •Vet*. Beetes. 
 
 T Here are many diuerfitics of Bectes,fome growing naturally in our own Coun- 
 try, others brought from beyond Sea ; whereof fome are white, fomegreene, 
 fome yellow, fome red : -the leaues of fomeareof vfc only, and the root not 
 vfed .-others the roote is only vied, and not the leaues : and fome againe, both rootc 
 andlcafe. Theancient Authors, as by their workesappeare, knew buttwoforts, the 
 white and the blacke Beete, whereof the white is fufficiently known, and was of them 
 termed SicuU, of the later Phy fitians Sick, becaule it was thought firft to be brought 
 from Sicilie : the blacke abideth fome controuerfie ; fome thinking that our common 
 greene Beete, bccaufe it is of a darkegreene colour, was ; that they called the blacke 
 Beete ; others that out fmall red Beete, which is of a darke rod colour, was their black 
 Beete, which in my opinion is the mote likely : But to come, to the matter in hand,and 
 giueyou the deferiprions of them which are in vfe with vs, and leauc controuerfies to 
 fucha workeas is fit forthem,wherein allfuch matters may be difeufledat large. 
 
 The common white Beete hath many great leaues next the ground (in fome hot 
 Countries growing to be three foote long, and very broade, in our Countrcy they are 
 very large, but nothing ncerethat proportion) of a whitilb greene colour ; theftalke 
 is great, ftrong, and ribbed or crcfted, bearing great ftore of leaues vpon it vp to the 
 very toppealmoft : the flowers grow in very long tufts, fmall at the ends, and turning 
 down their heads, which are fmall pale greenifh yellow burres,giuing cornered prick- 
 ly feeder the roote is great, long and hard, when it hath giuenfeede, of novfeatall, 
 but abideth a former winter with his leaues vpon if, as all other forts following doe. 
 
 The common red Beet differeth not from the white Beete, but only that it is norfo 
 great, and both the leaues and rootes are fomewhat red : the leaues bee in fome more 
 ted then in others, which haue but red veines or ftrakes in them, in fomealfo of afrefla 
 red, in others very darke red : the roote hereof is red, fpongy, and not vfed to bee 
 eaten. 
 
 The common greene Beete is alfo like vnto the white Beete, but of a darke greene 
 colour. This hath beene found neere the ialt Marlhes by Rochcfter, in the foote- way 
 going from the Lady Levcfons houfe thither, by a worthy, diligent and painefull ob- 
 feruerand preferuer both of plants and all other natures varieties, often reraembred 
 beforein thisworke,ca!Ied Iohn Tradefcante, who there finding it,gaue me the know- 
 ledge thereof, and I haue vpon his report fet it here down in this manner : 
 
 The Romane red Beete, called Bel a rtpofa, is both for leafe and roote the moft excel- 
 lent Beete of all others : his rootes bee as great as the greateft Carrot, exceeding red 
 both within and without, very fweete and good, fit to bee eaten : this Beete groweth 
 higher then the laft red Beete, whofe rootes are not vfed to bee eaten : the leaues like- 
 
 wife 
 
o 
 
 The Jyitchen (jar den. 
 
 wifcare better of tafte, and of as red a colour as the former red Beete : the roote is 
 fomctimes (hart like a Turnep, whereof it took the name of S»p* or rspofs ; and fome- 
 times as I faid before, like a Carrot and long : thefeede is all one with the ldfer red 
 Beete. 
 
 Thc-Iralian Beete is of much refped, whole fairegreene leaues arc very large and 
 great, with great white ribbes and vcines thcrcintthe ftalke in the Summer time, when 
 it is growen vp to any height, is fix fquare in ibew.and yellowifh withall,as the headcs 
 with feede vpon them feeme likewife. 
 
 The great red Beete that Matter Lcte a Merchant of London gaue vnto Matter Gcr- 
 rard,as he fetteth it downe in his Herball, (eemeth to beethc red kinde of the laft re- 
 membred Beete, vvhofc great ribbes as he faith, are as great as the middle ribbe of the 
 Cabbage leafe, and as good to bee eaten, whole ftalke rofe with him to the height of 
 eighc cubits,and bore plenty of feede. 
 
 - -a • • 1 vi ! jfij oi • n 
 
 The Vfe of Beetes. 
 
 Beetes, both white, greene and red, are put into the pot among other, 
 herbes, to make pottage, as is commonly known vnto all, and arc alfo boy- 
 led whole, both in FranceVfiially with mod of their boy led meates, and in 
 our Countrey, with diuers chat delight in eating of herbes. 
 
 The Italian Beete, and fo likewife the laft red Beete with great ribbes, are 
 boyled, and the ribbes eaten in fallcts with oyle, vinegar and pepper, and is 
 accounted a rare kinde of fallet, and very delicate. 
 
 The roote of the common red Beete with fome, but mote cfpecially the 
 Romane red Beete, is of much vfe among Cookes to trimme or fet out their 
 ditties of meatcffeeingcut out into diuers formes and fattiions, and is grown 
 of late dayes'into a great cuftame of feruicc,both for fifli andfletti. 
 
 Therootesof the Romane red Beete being boyled, are eaten of diuers 
 while they are hot with a little oyle and vinegar,and is accounted a delicate 
 fallet for the winter ; and being cold they are fo vfed and eaten likewife.- 
 
 The leaues afe much vfed t® mollifie and open the belly, being vfed in the 
 dcco&ionof differs. The roote of the white kinde feraped, and made vp 
 with a little honey and fait, rubbed on and layd on the belly, prouokethto 
 theftoole. The vfe of eating Beetes is likewife held to bee helpefull to 
 fplcnetickc perfons. i 
 
 Chap. XXI. 
 
 Hippefdinum.fiut Olus strum. Alifanders. 
 
 A Lifanders hath becne in former times thought to be the true Macedonian Pat- 
 fley, and in that errour many doe yet continue : but this place giueth noc 
 Ieaue to difeufte that doubt : but I muft here only (hew you, whatitis, andto 
 what vfe it is put ordinarily for the Kitchen. The leaues of Alifanders are winged 
 or cut into many parts, fomewhar refembling Smallage, but greater, broader, and 
 more cut in about the edges : the ftalkes are round and great, two foote high or bet- 
 ter, bearing diuers leaues on them, and at the toppe fpokie roundles of white flowers 
 en feuerall fmall branches, which turne into blacke feede, fomewhat cornered or 
 crefted, of an aromaticall bitter tafte: the roote is blacke without, and white with- 
 in, and abideth well the firft year of the fowing,perifhing after it hath borne feed. 
 
 The Vfe of Alifanders. 
 
 The tops oftherootes, with the lower part of the ftalkes of Alifanders, 
 are vfed in Lent efpecially, and Spring ofthe y eare, to make broth , which 
 although it be a lietje bitter, yet it is both wholfome, and pleafing to a great 
 
 many. 
 
£he Kitchen Cjarden. i 
 
 many, by rcafon of the aromaticall or fpicie tafte , warming and comfor- 
 ting the ftomack , and helping it digeft the many waterifti3nd flcgmatickc 
 meates are in thofe times much eaten. The rootes alfo either rawe or boy led 
 are often eaten with oyle andvinegar. Theieedeis more vfed pnyfic.illy 
 thentheroote, or any other part, and iseffcituall to prouokc plenty of v- 
 rinein them that piife by drops , or haue the Strangury : It helpeth wo- 
 mens courfes, and warmeth their benummed bodies or members, that haue 
 endured fierce cold daies and nights, being boyled and drunke. 
 
 Chap. XXII. 
 
 Sclinum inlet. Swreete Parfley or fweete Smallage. 
 
 T His kinde of fweete Parfley or Smallage, which foeuer ydii pleafe to call 
 it; for it refembleth Smallage as well in the largeneife of theleaucs, as in 
 the tafte, yet fweeter and pleafanter , is (as I take it) in this like Vnto fweete 
 Fennell (that hath his fweetneffe from his naturali foyleand clymate • for how- 
 foeuer itbeereafonable fweete the firftyeareitisfownewith vs, yet it quickly doth 
 degenerate, and becommeth no better then our ordinarie fefinell afterwards). 
 The firftyearc it is fowncand planted with vs (and the firft thateuerl faw, was in a 
 Venetian AmbafTadours Garden in the Spittle yard , neare Bifhops gate ftreete) is 
 fo fweete an d pleafant, efpecially while it is young, as if Sugar had beene mingled 
 with it : but after it is growne vp high and large, it hath a ftronger tafte of Smal- 
 ladge, and (olikewife much more the next yeare-, that it growethfrom the feed was 
 gathered here : the leaues arc many, fpreading farre about the roote, broader and of a 
 frelher greene colour then our ordinary Smalladge, and vpon longer ftalkes : the feed 
 is as plentifull as Parfley, being fmall and very like vnto it, but darker of colour. 
 
 The Vfe of fweete Parfley. 
 
 TheVenetiansvfe to prepare it for meate many waics, boththeherbe 
 and the roote eaten rawe, as many other herbes and rootes are , or boyled 
 or fryed to be eaten with meate , or the dryed herbe poudered and ftrewed 
 vpon meate ; but moft vfually either whited, and fo eaten rawe with pepper 
 and oyle, as a dainty Sallet ofit fclfe , or a little boyled or ftewed : the tafte 
 of the herbe being a little warming, but the feede much more, helpeth cold 
 windy ftomackes to digeft their mcate, and to expell winde. 
 
 Chap. XXIII. 
 
 Vetrofolinum &• upturn. Parfley and Smalledge. 
 
 W E haue three forts of Parfley in our Gardens, and but one of Smafladge j' 
 Our common Parfley, Curld Parfley, and Virginia Parfley ; which laft, 
 although it be but of late knowne, yet it is now almoft growne common, 
 and of as good vfe as the other with diuers. Our common Parfley is fo well knowne, 
 that it is almoft needlefleto deferibeit, hauing diuers frefhgreene Ieaues,threealwaics 
 placed together on a ftalke, and fnipt about the edges , and three ftalkes of leaues for 
 the moft partgrowing together : the ftalkes groWe three or foure foote high or better, 
 bearing fpikie heads of white flowers, which turne into fmall feede , fomewhat fbarpe 
 and hot in tafte : the roote is long and white. 
 
 Curld Parfley hath his leaues curled or crumpled on the edges , and therein is the 
 oncly difference from the former. 
 
 Virginia' 
 
49 i The K, itchen (jar den. 
 
 Virginia Parfley is in his lcafc altogether like vnto common Parfley forthe forme, 
 confiding of threeleaues fet together, butthat the leaues are as large as Smallage 
 leaues, but of a pale or whitifhgreene colour, and of the fame tafteof our common 
 Parfley : the feede hereof is as the leaues, twice if not thrice as bigge as the ordinary 
 Parfley, and perilheth when it hath giuen feede , abiding vfually the firft yeare of the 
 fowin g. 
 
 Smallage is in forme fomewhat like vnto Parfley, but greater and greener, and lefle 
 pleafant, or rather more bitter in tafte : the feede isfmaller, and the root more ft ringy. 
 
 The Vfe of Parfley. 
 
 Parfley is much vfed in all forts of meates,both boyled, roafted,fryed, 
 ftewed, &c. and being greenc it ferueth to lay vpon fundry meates, as 
 alfo to draw raeate withall. It is alfo fliredand flopped into poudered 
 beefe, as alfo into legges of Mutton, with a little beefe fuet among it,&c. 
 
 Therootesare often vfed to be put intobroth, tohelpc to open ctbllru- 
 dfions of the liucr, reines, and other parts, helping much to procurevrine. 
 
 The rootes likewife boyled or ftewed with a leggeof Mutton, flopped 
 with Parfley as aforefaid, is very good meate, and of very good rellifh, as I 
 haue proued by the tafte ; but the rootes muft bee young , and of the firft 
 yeares growth, and they will haue their operation to caule vrine. 
 
 The feed alfo is vfed for the fame caufe, when any arc troubled with the 
 ftone, or graueil, to open the paflages of vrine. 
 
 Although Smallage groweth in many places wilde in moift grounds, yet 
 it is alfo much planted in Gardens, and although hiseuilltafteandfauour 
 doth caufe it not tobe accepted into meates as Pat fley, yet it is not without 
 many fpcciall good properties, both for outward and inward dileafes, to 
 helpe to open obftru<ftions,and prouoke vrine. Theiuyce cleanfeth vlcers ; 
 and the leaues boyled with Hogs greafe, healeth felons on the ioy nts of the 
 fingers. 
 
 Chap. XXIIII. 
 
 Ftenicmlum. Fenell. 
 
 T Hcre are three forts of Fenell, whereof two are fweete. The one of them is 
 the ordinary fweete Fenell , whofefeedes arc larger and yellower then the 
 common, and wjiich (as I faid before in the Chapter of fweete Parfley) doth 
 foone degenerate in this our Country into the common. The other fweete Fenell is 
 not much knowne, and called Cardus Fenell by thofe that fent it out of Italy , whofc 
 leaues are more thicke and bufliie then any of the other. Our common Fenell,whereof 
 there is greene and red, hath many faire and large fpread leaues, finely cur and diuided 
 into many fmall, long, greene, or reddilh leaues, yet the thicker tufted the branches 
 be, the fhorter are the leaues : the ftalkes arc round , with diuers ioynts and leaues at 
 them, growing fiue or fix foot high, bearing at the top many fpoakic rundcls of yellow 
 flowers : the Common , I meane , doth rurne into a datke grayilh flat feede , and the 
 S weete into largerand yellower: the roote is great, long, and white, and endurctb 
 diuers yeares. 
 
 The Vie of Fenell. 
 
 Fenellisofgreatvfetotrimmevp,andftrowevpon fi(h, as alfo to boyle 
 or put among fifh of diuers forts, Cowcumbers pickled, and other fruits, &c. 
 The roores are vfed with Parfley rootes, to be boyled in broths and drinkes 
 to open obftru<Sions. The feed is of much vfe with other things to expell 
 winde. The feede alfo is much vfed to be put into Pippin pies, and diuers 
 
 other 
 

The Kitchen (jar den, 
 
 other fuch baked fruits, as alfo into bread, to giuc it the better rellifb. 
 
 The fweete Cardus Fenell being lentby Sir Henry Wotton to Iohn 
 Tradefcante, had likewifc a large dirc&ion with it how to dreffe it ; for they 
 vfe to white it after it hath been tranfplanted for their vfes, which by reafon 
 of the fweetnelTe by natnre, and the tenderneffe by art , caufcth it to be the 
 more delightfullto the taftc , efpccially with them tharareaccuftomedto 
 feede on grecnc hetbes. 
 
 CHAt. XXV- 
 Dill. 
 
 D ill dothmuch growcwilde, but becaufein many places it cannot be had, it is 
 therefore fowne in Gardens for the vfes whereunto it ferueth. It is a fmaller 
 herbe then Pencil, but very like, hauing fine cut leaues, nor fo large , but flior- 
 ter, fmaller, and ofaftronger and quicker tafte: the ftalke is fmaller alfo, and with 
 fewioyntsand leaues on them , bearing fpoakic tufts ofyellow flowers, which turne 
 into thinne, fmall, and flat feedes; the roote perifheth eucry yearc , and rifethagaine 
 for the moft part of it o wne fowing. 
 
 The Vfe of Dill. 
 
 The leaues of Dill are much vfed in fomc places with Fifli , as they doe 
 Fenell j but becaufc it is fo ftrong many doe refufe it. 
 
 It is alfo put among pickled Cowcumbers , wherewith it doth very well 
 agree, gluing vnto the cold fruit a pretty fpicic tafte or rellifb. 
 
 It being ftrongerthen Fenell, is of the more force to expell winde in the 
 body. Some vie co eate the feed to ftay the Hickocke. 
 
 ► Chai. XXVI. 
 
 Myrrhu fine Certftlium mm ns & vulgtrc. 
 
 Sweet Cheruill and ordinary Cheruill. 
 
 T He great or fweete Cheruill (which of fome is called Swcete Cicely) hath 
 diuers great and fairefpread winged leaues , confiding of many leaues fet to- 
 gether, deeply cut in the edges, and eucry one alfo dented about, very like,and 
 refembling the leaues of Hemlockes , but of fo pleafant a tafte, that one would verily 
 thinke, he chewed the leaues or feedes of Anifeedes in his mouth : The ftalke is reafo- 
 nable great, and fomewhat cornered or crefted about three or foure foote high, at the 
 toppe whereof (land many white fpoakie tufts of flowers, which change into browne 
 long cornered great feede, two alwaics ioyned together: the roote is grear, blackifh 
 ontheoutfide, and white within, with diuers fibres annexed vnto it, and perifheth 
 not, butabideth many yeares, and is ofafweete, pleafant, and fpicie hot tafte, delight- 
 full vnto many. 
 
 The common Cheruill is a fmall herbe, with flcnder leaues, finely cut into long 
 peeces,atthe firft ofa paleyellowifh greenecolour, but when the ftalke is growne vp 
 to feede, both ftalkes and leaues become of a darke red colour : the flowers are white, 
 ftanding vpon fcattered or thin fpread tufts, which turne into fmall, long, round, and 
 fharpe pointed feedes , ofabrownifh blacke colour : the roote is lmall, with diuers 
 long flender white firings, and perifheth euery yeare. 
 
 The 
 
‘ The Kitchen Cjarden. 49 $ 
 
 The Vfcsof thcfe Cheruils. 
 
 The common Cheruill is much vfed of the French and Dutch people, to 
 bee boyled or ftewed in a pipkin, eyther by it felfe, or with other herbes, 
 whereof they make a Loblolly, and lo eate it. It is vfedasapot-herbe 
 with vs. 
 
 Sweete Cheruill, gathered while it is young, and put among other herbcS 
 for a fallet, addeth a meruellous good rellilh to all the reft. Some commend 
 the greenc feedes diced and put in a fallet of herbes, and eaten with vinegar 
 and oyle, to comfort the cold ftomacke of the aged. The roots are vfed by 
 diuers, being boyled, and after eaten with oyle and vinegar, as an excellent 
 fallet for the fame purpofe. The preferued or candid rootes are of lingular 
 good vfe to warme and comfort a cold flegmaticke ftomacfc, and is thought 
 to be a good preferuatiue in the time of the plague. 
 
 Chap. XXVII. 
 
 Miltti Crifpt. French Mallowes. 
 
 T He curld or French Mallow groweth vp with an vpright greene round ftalke, 
 as high vfually as any man, whereon from all fides grow forth round whitilh 
 greene leaues, curld or crumpled about the edges, like a ruffe,el fe very like vn- 
 to an ordinary great Mallow leafe : the flowers grow both vpon the ftalke, and on the 
 other branches that fpring from them, being fmall and white ; after which come fmall 
 cafes with blacke feede like the other Mallowes : the roote perifheth when it hath 
 borne feede, but abideth vfually the firft yeare, and the fecond runneth vp to flower 
 and feede. 
 
 The Vfe of French Mallowes. 
 
 It is much vfed as a pot-herbe,efpecially when there is caufe to moue the 
 belly downward, which by his flippery qualitie it doth helpe forward. It 
 hath beene in times paft, and fo is to this day in fome places, vfed to be boy- 
 led or ftewed, eyther by it felfe with butter, or with other herbes, andfo 
 eaten. 
 
 Chap.XXVIII. 
 
 Imtubum. SuccorieandEndiue. 
 
 I Put both Succorie an d Endiue into one chapter and defeription, becaufe they are 
 both of one kindred ; and although they differ alittle the one from the other, yet 
 they agree both in this, that they are eaten eyther greene or whited, of many . 
 Endiue, the fmooth as well as the curld, beareth a longer and a larger leafe then 
 Succorie, and abideth but one yeare, quickely running vp to ftalke and feede, and t hen 
 
 f jcrilheth: whereas Succorie abideth many years, and hath long and narrower leaues, 
 omewhatmorccutin,ortorneontheedges : both of them haue blew flowers, and 
 the feede of the fmooth or ordinary Endiue is fo like vnto the Succorie, that it is very 
 hard to diftinguifh them afunder by fight; but the curld Endiue giucth blackiih and flat 
 feede, very like vnto blacke Lettice feede : the rootes of the Endiue perifh, but the 
 Succorie abideth . 
 
 The Vfe of Succory and Endiue. 
 
 Although Succorie bee fomewhat more bitter intafte then the Endiues 
 T t 2 yet 
 
\$6 The Kitchen (jarden. 
 
 yet iris oftentimes, and of many eaten greene, but more vfually being bu- 
 ried a while in fand, that it may grow white, which caufeth it to lofe both 
 fome part of the bitterneffe, as alfo to bee the more tender in the eating ; 
 and Horace ihevveth it to be vfed in his time,in the 5 2. Ode of his firft Book’ 
 where he faith, 
 
 Mcptfcunt Oliae, me Cithtrei Uuefg l Heine. 
 
 Endiue being whited in the fame,or any other manner, is much vfed in win- 
 ter, as a fallet herbe with great delight • but the curld Endiue is both farre 
 the fairer, and the tenderer for that purpofe. 
 
 Chap. XXIX. 
 
 SpinechU, fine Olut Hifpenicum. Spinach. 
 
 S Pinach or Spinage is of three forts (yet fome doe reckon of foure, accounting 
 that herbe that beareth no feede to be a fort of it fclfe, when it is but an accident 
 of nature, as it falleth our in Hem pe, Mercury, and diuers other herbes) two that 
 bear prickly feed, the one much greater then the other: the third that beareth a fmooth 
 feede, which is more daintie ,and nourfed vp but in few Gardens : The common Spi- 
 nach which is the letter of the two prickly forts, hath long greene leaues, broad at the 
 ftalke, and renr,ortorncas it were into foure corners, and fharpe pointed at the ends : 
 it quickly runneth vp to ftalke, if it be fowen in the Spring time ; but elfe, if at the end 
 
 of Summer, it will abide all the winter green, and then fuddenly in the very beginning 
 ot theSpring, runnevp to ftalke, bearing many leaues both below and at the toppe, 
 where there doth appeare many final greenifh flowers in clufters,andafterthcm prick- 
 ly feede : The other greater fort that hath prickly feede, is in all things like the for- 
 mer, but larger both in ftalke, leafe and feede. The fmooth Spinach hath broader, and 
 a little rounder pointed leaues then the firft, efpecially the lower leaues • for thofe that 
 grow vpwardsvpon the ftalke, are more pointed, and as it were three fquare, of as 
 darke a greene colour as the former : at the fcuerall ioynts of the ftalkcs and branches, 
 ftand cluttering many fmall greenifh flowers, which turne into clufters of round whi- 
 tifh feede, without any prickles at all vpon them : the roote is long, white and fmall, 
 like vnto the other, with many fibres at it : If it be often cut,itwillgrow the thicker, 
 or elfe fpindle vp very thinly, and with but few leaues vpon the ftalke. 
 
 The Vfe of Spinage. 
 
 Spinage is an herbe fit forfallets, and for diuers other purpofes for the 
 table only ; for it is not knowne to bee vfedPhyfically at all. Many Enslifii 
 that haue learned it of the Dutch people, doe flew the herbe in a pot or 
 pipkin, without any other moifture then it owne, and after the moifture is a 
 little preffed from it, they put butter, andalittlefpicevntoit, and make 
 therewith a dim that many delight to eate of. It is vfed likewife to be made 
 into i artes, and many other varieties of di(hes,as Gentlewomen and their 
 ookes can better tell then my felfe ; vnto whom I leaue the further orde- 
 ring of thefe herbes, and all other fruits and rootes of this Garden : For I 
 intend only to giue you the knowledge of them, with fomebriefc notes for 
 their vie, and no more. 
 
 Chap. 
 
i JfUtwififa Frfti<*M»VWsi t F.ndi'V | Succory 4 Sfu»cS>«.SpimcIi. c L*thittdifpa. Curia Lcttice. 4 £«#ur 4 
 
 »umfu.*nopcnI-ctt,c«. u -LWf«c. « 4 / 1 / 41 « yj4{«r*.Ol4iiuiy !,«««. S The jre« «.omaae c»bt*st tciuse. } 4«S«rt 
 
 ^»/»»XorMS4ilcta:Uml(Cil,eic«r. Tt i 
 
 The Kjtcbci (j Arden. 
 
 4?7 
 
 .rafc»*** 
 

 The Kjtchen (garden 
 
 Chap. XXX. 
 
 LiBhu. Lettice. 
 
 T Herearefo many forts, and fo great diuerfitic of Lettice, that I doubt I (hall 
 fcarce be beleeued of a great many. For I doe in this Chapter reckon vpvrto 
 you eleauen or twelue differing forts; fomeof little vfe, others of more, be- 
 ing more common and vulgar } andforaethatareof excellent vfe and feruicc, which 
 are more rare, and require more knowledge and care for the ordering of them, as alfo 
 for their time of fpending, as fomc in the fpring, fome in fummer, others in au- 
 tumne, and fome being whited for the winter. For all thefe forts I lhall not necde ma- 
 ny defcriptions, but only fhew you which doe cabbage, and which are loofc, which of 
 of them are great or fmall, white, greene or red, and which of them beare white feeds, 
 and which of them blacke. And laftly I haue thought good to adde another Sallet 
 herbe, which becaule ir is called Lambes Lettice of many, or Corne Sallet of others, 
 is put in only to fill vp a number in this Chapter, and that I muft fpeake of it, and not 
 that I thinke it to be any of the kindes of Lettice. 
 
 Allfortsof Lettice, after a while that they haue elofed themfclucs, if theybeeof 
 the Cabbage kindes, or otherwife being loofe, and neuer doling, fend forth from a- 
 mong the middle of their leaues a round ftalkc (in fome greater, in others lelfer,accor- 
 ding to their kinde)full of leaues like vnto the lower, branching at the toppe into fun- 
 dry parts, whereon grow diuers fmall ftar-like flowers, of a pale yellowilh colourjafter 
 which come feede, eyther white or blackifli, as the plant yeeldcth, whereat hangeth 
 fomc fmall peece of a cottony doune, wherewith the whole head is ftored, and is car- 
 ried away with the winde, if it be not gathered in time : the rooteis fomewhatlong 
 and white, with lome fibres at it, and perilbeth quickely after the feede is ripe. 
 
 The Romane red Lettice is the bell and greateft of all the reft. For Iohn Tradef- 
 cante that firft, as I thinke, brought it into England, and fowed it, did write vnto mee, 
 that after one of them had been bound and whited, when the refufe was cut away, the 
 reft weighed Icuenteene ounces : this hath blacke feede. 
 
 The white Romane Lettice is like vnto it, hauing long leaues like a Teafell, it is in 
 goodnelfe next vnto the red, but muft be whited, that it may cate kindly : the feede 
 hereof is white. 
 
 The Virginia Lettice hath finglc and very broade reddifh leaues, and is not of any 
 great regard,and therefore is kept but of a few : it bcareth blacke feede. 
 
 The common Lumbard Lettice that is loofe, and another kinde thereof that doti» 
 fomewhat cabbage, haue both white feedes. 
 
 The Venice Lettice is an excellent Cabbage Lettice, and is beft to bee fowen after 
 Midfummer for lateward Lettice } they be fometimes as great as the crowne afa mans 
 hart : the feede hereof is white, andgroweth to beofameane height. 
 
 Ourcommon Cabbage Lettice is well known, and beareth blacke feede. 
 
 The curld Lettice which is open, and differeth but little from Endiue,beareth black 
 feede. 
 
 Another fort of curld Lettice doth cabbage, and is called Flanders Cropers, or 
 Cropers of Bruges ; this groweth loweft,and hath the fmalleft head jut very hard and 
 round, and white while it groweth : the feed is blacke. 
 
 A kinde of Romane Lettice is ofadarke green colour, growing as low as the Venice 
 Lettice, and is an excellent kinde, bearing blacke feede. 
 
 And laftlj our winter Lettice is wonderfull hardy to endure our cold : It Is but An- 
 gle, and muft be fowen at Michaelmas, but will be very good, before any of the other 
 good forts fowen in the S pring,will be ready to be vfed, and beareth white feed. 
 
 Toinftrutftanouice (fori teach nota Gardiner of knowledge) how to gather his 
 feede that it may be good, is in this manner : Let him marke out thofe plants that hee 
 meanethfhall run vp for fecde,which muft be the moft likely ; & after they haue begun 
 to flioote forth ftalkes, (trip away the lower leaues, for two or three hands breadth a- 
 bouc the ground, that thereby in taking away the loweft leaues, the ftalkc doe not rot, 
 nor the feed be hindered in the ripening. 
 
 There 
 
c lhe Kjtcben (jar den. 4 
 
 There arc two manner of wayesto whiten Letticeto raakethemearcthemoreten- 
 der : tfce one is by rayfingvp earth like moalehils, round about the plants while they 
 are growing, which will make them grow white : the other is by tying vp all the loole 
 leaues round together whileitgroweth, that fo the clofc tying may make it grow 
 white, and thereby be the more tender. 
 
 Lambes Lettice or Corne Sallet is a fmall plant while it is young, growing clofe vp- 
 on the ground, with many whitilh greene, long and narrOw,round pointed leaues, all 
 the winter, and in the beginning of the fpring (if it bee fowen in autumne, as it is vfuall 
 to ferue for an early fallet) rifeth vp with fmall round ftalkes, with two leaues at euery 
 ioynt, branching forth at the toppe, and bearing tufts of fmall bleake blew flowers, 
 which turne into fmall round whitilh feedc : the roote is fmall and long, wirhfome 
 fmall threds hanging thereat : the whole plant is of a waterilh tafte,almoft i.nlipide. 
 
 ThcVfeof Lettice. 
 
 All forts of Lettice are fpent in fallets,with oy le and vinegar, or as euery 
 one pleafe, for the molt part, while they are frelh and greene, or whited, as 
 is declared of fomeof the forts before, to caufe them to cate the more de- 
 licate and tender. They are alfo boy led, to ferue for many forts of dilhes of 
 meate, as the Cookes know beft. 
 
 They all coole a hot and fainting ftomacke. 
 
 Theiuiceof Letticeapplyedwithoyleof Rofes to the foreheads of the 
 ficke and weake wanting fleepe, procuret h reft, and taketh away paines in 
 the head : bound likewife to the cods, it helpcththofc that are troubled 
 with theColts cuill. If a little camphire be added, it reftraineth immoderate 
 luft : but it is hurtfull to fuch as are troubled with the Ihortnelfe of breath. 
 
 Lambes Lettice is wholly fpent for (allets, in the beginning of the y eare, 
 aslfaid, before any almoft of the other forts of Lettice are to be had. 
 
 Chat. XXXI. 
 
 PortuUct. Purflane. 
 
 P Vrllanc hath many thicke round (hining red ftalkes, full of iuice, lying vpon the 
 ground for the moft part 5 whereon are fet diuers long, thicke,pale green leaues, 
 fometimes alone by themfelues, and fometimes many fmall ones together with 
 them ; among which grow fmall yellow flowers, which (land in little greene huskes, 
 containing blackcfeede: the roote is fmall, and perilheth euery y eare,and muft be new 
 fowen in A prill, in the alley es of the Garden bet wcene the beds, as fome hauc hereto- 
 fore vfed, where it may haue the more moifture, or, as I haue feene in fome Gardens, 
 vpon thofc beds of dung that Gardiners haue vfed to nourfevp their Cowcumbers, 
 Melons, and Pompions, whereon after they haue beene taken away, they haue fowen 
 Purflane, whereif it be much watered, the warmth ofthe dung, and the water giuen it, 
 the Purflane hath grown great and large, and continued vntill winter. 
 
 TheVfeof Purflane. 
 
 It is vfed as Lettice in fallets, to coole hot and faint ftomackes in the hot 
 time of theyeare, but afterwards if only for delight, it is not good to bee 
 too prodigall in the vfe thereof. 
 
 The feede of Purflane doth coole much any inflammation inward or out- 
 ward, and doth a little binde withall. 
 
 ChaiI 
 
- , ,■ 1 — : : i — 
 
 500 c r be J\ itcben (jar den. 
 
 Chap. XXXII. 
 
 Etruohir'ot fine Tarchon & Dracunculut bertenfis. Tarragon. 
 
 T Arragon hath long and narrow darkegreene leaues, growing on {lender and 
 brittle round ftalkes, two or three lootc high, at the tops whereof grow forth 
 long {lender fpikes offmallycllowifli flowers , which feldomegiueany good 
 feede, butaduflie or chaffic matter, which flierhaway with the winder the roote is 
 white, and creepeth about vndcr ground, whereby it much cncreafeth : the whole 
 herbeis of a hot and biting tafte. 
 
 The Vfe of Tarragon. 
 
 It is altogether vfed among other cold herbes, to temper their coldnefle, 
 and they to tern per its heare, fo to giue the better rellilh vnto the Sallet ; buc 
 many doe not like the tafte chcrcof,and fo refufeit. 
 
 Thcreare fomc Authors that haue heldTarragonnottobeanherbeof 
 it ownekinde, butthat it was (lift produced, by putting the feede of Linor 
 Flaxe into the roote of an Onion, being opened and fo fet into the ground, 
 which when it hath fprung, hath brought forth this herbe Tarragon, which 
 abfurd and idle opinion, Matthiolus by certainc experience faith, hath 
 . been found falfc. 
 
 * 
 
 . • « 
 
 Chap. XXXIII. 
 
 Natturt'tam berttnfe. Garden Creflc*. 
 
 G Arden Crcffesgrowevp to the height of two footeor thereabouts, hauing 
 mny f mall, whitifh, broad, endented, torne leaues , fet together vpon a mid- 
 dle ribbe next the ground, butthofethat growe higher vpon the (hikes arc 
 fmaller and longer': thetopsof cheftalkcsareftored with white flowers, which rurnc_ 
 inro fi st pods or pouches, like vnto Shepheard purfe, wherein is contained flat reddifn 
 feede : the roote periflicth eucry yeare : the tafte both of leaues and feedes are fomc* 
 what ftrong, hot, and bitter. ~~ 
 
 The Vfe of Crcfles. 
 
 The Dutchmen and others vfe to cate CrefTes familiarly with their but- 
 ter and bread, as alio fte wed orboyled , either alone or with other herbes, 
 whereof they make a Hotch potch, and fo cate it. Wee doe care it mixed 
 among LctticcorPurflane,andfometimeswith Tarragon 01 Rocker, with 
 oyle and vinegar and a little fait, and in that manner it is very fauoury to 
 ■% fomc mens ftomackes. 
 
 The vfeof Crelfes phyfically is, it helpeth to expc&oratc tough flegme' 
 as alfo for the paines of the breaft i and as it is thought taketh away 
 fpots, being laid to with vinegar. Thcfeedeisgiucnof many to children 
 for the wormes. 
 
 Chap. 
 
The Kitchen (jar den, 
 
 501 
 
 Chap. XXXI III, 
 
 Emct fitiui. Garden Rocket. 
 
 O Vr Garden Rocket is butawilde kinde brought into Gardens ; for the true 
 Romane Rocket hath larger leaues ^ this hath many long leaues , much torne 
 or rent on the edges, fmaller and narrowerthen the Romane kinder the flow- 
 ers hcreofare of a paleyellowifh colour, whereas the true is whitifli, confiding of 
 foure leaues : the feede of this is reddidi, containedin fmaller and longer podsthen 
 the true, which are (horter and thicker, and the leedeofa whitifli yellow colour : the 
 rootes of both perifli as foone as they haue giuen feede. Some haue taken one fort of 
 the wilde kinde for Muftard, and haue vfed the feede for the fame purpofe. 
 
 The Vfeof Rocket. 
 
 It is for the mod part eaten with Lettice, Purflane, or fuch cold herbes, 
 and not alone , becaufc of its heate and ftrength ; but that with the white 
 feede is milder. The feede of Rocket is goodtoprouokevrine, andto 
 ftirrevp bodily Iuft. 
 
 T he feede bruifed, and mixed with a little vinegar, and of the gall of an 
 Oxe, cleanfeththe face of freckles, fpots, and blew markes, that come by 
 beatings, fals, or otherwaies. 
 
 Matthiolus faith, that theleanesboyled, and giuen with fomeSugarto 
 little children, cureth them of the cough. 
 
 The feede is hd d to be helpfull to fpleneticke perfons j as alfo to kill the 
 wormes of the belly. 
 
 Chap. XXXV. 
 
 Sinupi fttivum. Garden Muftard. 
 
 T He Muftard that is mod vfuall in this Country,howfoeuer diuers doe fortheir 
 priuate vfes fowe it in their Gardens or Orchards, in fome conuenient corner, 
 yet the fame is found wilde alfo abroad in many places. It hath many rough 
 long diuided leaues, of an ouerworne greene colour : the ftalke is diuided at the toppe 
 into diuers branches, whereon growe diuers pale yellow flowers , in a great length, 
 which turne into fsnall long pods , wherein is contained blackifh feede , inclining to 
 rednefle , of a fiery fharpe tafte : the roote is tough and white , running deepe into 
 the ground, with many (mall fibres at it. 
 
 The Vfe of Muftard. 
 
 The feede hereof grownd between two ftones, fitted for the purpo(e,and 
 called a Querne, with fome good vinegar added vnto it , to make it liquid 
 andrunning, is that kinde of ^Muftard that is vfually made of all farts , to 
 feme as fawceboth for fifliandflefli. 
 
 The fame liquid Muftard is of good vfe, being frefh, for Epileptickc per- 
 fons, to warmeand quicken thofe dull fpirics that are fopite and fcarce ap- 
 peare, if it be applyed both inwardly and outwardly. 
 
 It is with good fuccefle alfo giuen to thofe that haue fhort breathes , and 
 .troubled with a cough in the lungs. 
 
 Chap. 
 
c £he Kitchen (jar den. 50 $ 
 
 Chap. XXXVI. 
 
 Jfptrigui, Sperageor Afparagus. 
 
 A Sparagus rifeth vp at the firft with diuers whitifli greene fcaly heads, very brit- 
 tle or eafie to breake while they are young, which afterwards rife vp into very 
 long and (lender greene (hikes , of the bignefleof an ordinary riding wand at 
 the bottome of mod, or bigger or lefler, as the rootes are of growth , on which are fee 
 diuers branches ofgreene leaues, (horter and fmaller then Fennell vp to the toppe , at 
 the ioynts whereof come forth fmall raoflie yellowifh flowers, which turne into round 
 berries, greene at the firft, and of an excellent red colour when they are ripe , flicwing 
 as if they were beades of Corrall , wherein are contained exceeding hard and blacke 
 feede: the rootes are difperfed from a fpongious head into many long, thickc, and 
 round firings, whereby it fucketh much nourifliment out of the ground,and encreafcth 
 plentifully thereby. 
 
 We haue another kinde hereof that is of much greater account, becaufe the fliootes 
 are larger, whiter, and being drefled taftc more fweete and plcafant, without any 
 other difference. 
 
 The Vfe of Afparagus. 
 
 The firft (hootes or heads of Afparagus are a Sallet of as tnuchefteeme 
 with all forts of perfons , as any other whatfoeucr , being boy led tender, 
 and eaten with butter, vinegar, and pepper, or oyle and vinegar, or as euery 
 ones manner doth pleafc ; andare almoft wholly fpent for the pleafureof 
 the pallate. It is fpccially good to prouoke vrine , and for thofe that are 
 troubled with the (lone orgrauell in the rcines orkidneyes, becaufc it doth 
 a little open and deanfe thofe parts. 
 
 Chap. XXXVII. 
 
 Bnfsiu. Cabbages and Cole worts. 
 
 T Here is greater diuerfity in the forme and colour of the leaues of this plant, 
 then there is in any other that I know groweth vpon the ground. Bur this 
 place requireth not the knowledge of all forts which might be (hewen , many 
 of them being of no vfe with vs for the table, but for delight, to behold the wonder- 
 full variety oftheworkes of God herein. I will here therefore (hewyou onelythofe 
 forts that are ordinary in mod Gardens, and fomc that are rare , receiued into (ome e- 
 fpeciall Gardens : And firft of Cabbages, and then of Coleworts. 
 
 Our ordinary Cabbage that clofeth hard and round, hath at the firft great large 
 thicke leaues, ofa gray ifh greene colour, with thickc great ribbes , and lye open mod 
 part of the Summer without clofing, but toward the end of Summer, being growne to 
 haue many leaues, it then beginneth to growe clofe and round in the middle, and as it 
 clofeth, the leaues growe white inward ; yet there be fome kindes that will ncuer be fa 
 clofe as thefe, but will remaine halfe open, which wee doe not account to be fo good 
 as the other; in the middle of this he*ad, thenext yearc after the flowing, in other 
 Countries efpecially,andfometimesinours,if the Winter be mtlde,as maybefccnc 
 in diuers Gardens (but to preuentthe danger of our Winter frofts, our Gardiners now 
 doe vfe to take vp diuers Cabbages with their rootes, and tying a cloth or fome fuch 
 thing about the rootes , doe hang them vp in their houfes , where they may be defen- 
 ded "from cold , and then fet them againc after the frofts are pad) and then there fhoo- 
 teth out a great thicke ftalke,diuided at the toppe into many branches, bearing thereon 
 diuers fmall flowers, fometime white, but moft commonly yellow, made of fonre 
 leaues, which turne into long, round, and pointed pods , containing therein fmall 
 
 round 
 
504 * The Kjtcbcn (ja rdtn. 
 
 roundfeede, like vnto Turnep feede : the rootefpreadeth not fane nor deepe, and 
 dycthvfually in any great frolic ■ forafmallfroft maketh the Cabbage cate theten- 
 derer. 
 
 The red Cabbage is like vnto the white, laftfpokenof, but differing in colour and 
 greatneffe ; for it is feldome found (o great as the white, and the colour of t he leaues 
 is very variable, as being in fotnefttipt with red, in others more red, orverydeepe 
 red or purple. 
 
 The fugarloafe Cabbage, fo called becaufcit is fmaller at the toppe then it is at the 
 bottome, and is of two forts, the one white, the other greene. 
 
 The Sauoy Cabbadge, one is of a deepe greene coloured leafe, and curld when it is 
 to be gathered ; the other is yellowilh : neyther of both thefe doe clofc fo well as the 
 firftjbutyetarc vfedof fome,and accounted good. 
 
 The Cole flower is a kinde of Coleworte, whofeleaues are large, and like the Cab- 
 bage leaues, but fomewhat fmaller, and endentedaboht the edgespn the middle wher- 
 
 of, fometimes in the beginning of Autumne, and fomecimcs much fooner, there ap- 
 peared a hard head of whitilh yellow tufts of flowers, clofely thruft together, but ne- 
 uer opcn,nor fpreading much with vs, which then is fitted to be vfed, the green leaues 
 being cut away clofe to the head : this hath a much pleafanter carte thencytherthe 
 Coleworte, or Cabbage of any kinde, and is therefore of the more regard and refpeft 
 at good mens tables. 
 
 The ordinary Coleworte is fufficiently knowne not to clofe or cabbage, and giueth 
 feedc plentifully enough. 
 
 The other Colewortes that are flourfed vp with thofe that delight in curiofitics,be- 
 fides the aforefaid ordinary greene,which is much vfed of Dutchmen, and other ft ran- 
 gers, arethefe : The Curld Coleworte cyther wholly of a greene colour, orof di- 
 uers colours in one plant, as white, yellow, red, purple or crimfon,fo variably mixed, 
 the leaues being curld on the edges, like a ruffe band, that it is very beautifull ro behold! 
 
 There is alfo another curld Colewort of lcffe beauty and rdpeeft, being but a little 
 curld on theedges,whofe leaues arc white, edged with red, or green edged with white. 
 
 Twoothcrthereare, the one of a popingaye greene colour : the other of a fine" 
 deepe greene, like vnto the Sauoyes. 
 
 Then there is the Cole rape, which is alfo a kinde of Coleworte, thatbcarctha 
 white heade, or headed (hike aboue the ground, as bigge as a rcafonable Turnep, but 
 longer, and from the toppethercof fpringeth our diuers great leaues, like vnto Cole- 
 wortes j among which rife diuers ftalkes that beare yellow flowers, and feede in pods, 
 almoft as fmall as Muftard feede : therooteisfomewhatlong, and very builiie with 
 threds. 
 
 TheVfeof Cabbages and Colewortes. 
 
 They are moft vfually boyled in poudered beefe broth vntil they be ten- 
 der, and then eaten with much fat put among them. 
 
 ThegreatribsofthePopingay, and deepe greene Colewortes, beeing 
 boyled and Iayde into dirties, are ferued to the table with oyleand vinegar 
 in the Lent time for very good fallets. 
 
 In the cold Countries of Ruffiaand Mufcouia, they poudervp a number 
 of Cabbages, which ferue them, efpecully the poorer fort, for their moft 
 ordinary foode in winter ; and although they ftinke moft grieuoufly , yet to 
 them they are accounted good meate. 
 
 It is thought, that the vie of them doth hinder the milkein Nurfesbreafls, 
 caufingittodry vpquickelv : but many women that hauegiuen fucke to 
 my knowledge haue denyedthat affertion, affirming that they haue often 
 eaten them, and found no fuch effort. How it might proue in more delicate 
 bodies then theirs that thus faid, I cannot tell : but Matthiolus auet rcth it to 
 encreafe milke in Nurfes breaftc-s ; fo differing are the opinions of many. 
 The feede groffely bruifed and boyled a little in ft: rti broth, is a prefent rc- 
 medie for the Collicke • the feede and the broth being taken together, ea- 
 fing them that are troubled therewith of allgriping paines .• asalfoforthc 
 ftonc in the kidney es. A Lohoc or licking Elcduaiy made of thcpulpcof 
 
 the 
 
I Bsa/ska capitata. Uolcl-abbizc. z Bra[sica patuia. Kj pcntjabbagc- 5 Erajsica ^ananaicacrii ca.^una sauoycCo cwort. 4 Caulk 
 fltridt. Cole flower. 5 Cuuliz crifpa. Cuild Co: cwort. * C*»/«cn/pav<j'Mr^Ch^'°cabltcucUCg!cwQfr . 7 Jtyoedulu, Cok ’ipv, 
 
 ‘J#? ejitchcn (jar den. 
 
 505 
 
jc6 The Kjtchen Cjarden, 
 
 the boy led ftalkes, and a little honey and Almond milke, is very profitable 
 for fhortnefle of breath, and thole that areentringintoaConfumption of 
 the lunges. It hath beene formerly held to be helpefull in alldifeafes: for 
 Crifippus, an ancient Phyfitian, wrote a whole Volume of the venues, ap- 
 plying it to all the parts of the body : which thing neede not feeme won- 
 derfull, in that it is recorded by writers, that the old Romanes hauing ex- 
 pelled Phyfitians out of their Common-wealth, did for many hundred of 
 y cares maintaine their health by the vfe of Cabbages, taking them for euc- 
 ry difeafe. 
 
 Chap. XXXVIII. 
 
 Siftrum. Skirrets. 
 
 A Fterall the herbes before rehcarfed, fit for Pallets, or other wife to bee eaten, 
 there muft follow fuchrootes as are vfed to the fame purpofe : and firft, Skir- 
 rets haue many Ieaues next the ground, compofcd of many fmall fmooth green 
 leaues,fet each againft other vpon a middle ribbe,and euery one fnipt about the edges: 
 the ftalke rifeth vp two or three foote high, fet with the like leaues,hauing at the toppe 
 fpoakie tufts of white flowers, which tume into fmall feede, fomewhat bigger and 
 darker then Parfley feede : the rootes be many growing together at one head, beeing 
 long, (lender, & rugged or vneuen,of a vvhitifh colour on the outfide, and more whire 
 within, hauing in themiddle of the roote a long fmall hard pith or firing : thefc heads 
 are vfually taken vp in February and March, orfooncrif any fo pleafe, thegreater 
 number of them being broken off to bee vfed, the reft are planted againe after the 
 heads are feparared, and hereby they are encreafed euery yeare by many • but it is now 
 adayesmorc fowen of the feed, which come forwards well enough if theground be 
 fat and good. 
 
 The Vfe of Skirrets. 
 
 The rootes being boy led, peeled and pithed, are ftewed with butter,pep- 
 perandfalt, andfoeatert ; or as others vfe them, to roule them in flower, 
 and fry them with butter, after they haue beene boylcd, peeled and pithed: 
 each way, or any way that men pleafe to vfe them,they may finde their tafte 
 to be very pleafant, far beyond any Parfnep, as all agree that tafte them. 
 
 Some doe vfe alfo to eate them as a fallet, colde with vinegar, oyle, &c. 
 being firft boy led and dreffed as before faid. They doe helpe to prouoke v- 
 rine, and as is thought, to procure bodily Iuft,in that they are a little windy. 
 
 Chap. XXXIX. 
 
 PaHtitaa fatiux Utifolix. Parfneps. 
 
 T Hecommon garden Parfnep hath diuerslargewingcd Ieaues lyingvponthe 
 ground, that is, many Ieaues fet ©neby another on both fides of a middle flails, 
 fomewhat like as the Skirret hath, but much larger, and clofer fet: the ftalke ri- 
 feth vp great and tall, fiue or fix foot high fomtimes,with many fuch Ieaues thereon at 
 feuerall ioynts ; the top whereof is fpread into diuers branches, whereon (land fp6a- 
 kie rundJes of yellow flowers, which turne into brownifli flat feede : the root is long, 
 great and white, very pleafant to bee eaten, and the more pleafanc if it grow in a fat 
 fandy foyle. 
 
 There is another fortof garden Parfnep, called the Pine Parfnep, thatisnotcom- 
 monin euery Garden, and differeth from the former in three notable parts. The root 
 is not fo long, but thicker at the head and Gnaller below • the ftalke is neither fo bigge, 
 
 nor 
 
8 % he Kitchen Cjarden, 
 
 no-r fo high ; and the (eede is Imaller : yet as Iohn Tradefcante faith (who hath giuen 
 me the relation of this, and many other of thefe garden plants, to whom cuery o nc is 
 a debtor) the roote hereof is not altogether fo plcafant as the other. 
 
 Moreouer the wilde kinde, which gro weth in many places of England(and wherof 
 in fome places there might be gathered a quarter facke full of thefeede) if it be fo wen 
 in Gardens, and there well ordered, will proue as good as the former kinde of Garden 
 Parfneps. 
 
 The Vfe of Parfneps. 
 
 The Parfnep root is a great nourifher, and is much more vfed in the time 
 of Lent, being boylcdandftewed with butter, then in any othertimeof 
 the yeare ; yet it is very good all the winter long. The feede helpeth to difc 
 folue winde, and to prouoke vrine. 
 
 Chap. XL. 
 
 Ptslint f*tim tcnxtfolU. Carrots. 
 
 T He Carrot hath many winged leaucs, riling from the head of the roote, which 
 are much cut and diuided into many other leaues, and they alfo cut and diuided 
 into many parts, of a deepegreene colour, fome whereof in Autumne will 
 turnetobeof a fine red or purple fthebeautic whereof allureth many Gentlewomen 
 oftentimes to gather the leaues, and ftickc them in their hats or heads, of pin them on 
 their armes in (lead of feathers) : the ftalke rifeth vp among the leaues, bearing many 
 likewife vpon it, but nothing fohigh as the Parfnep, being about three foote high, 
 bearing many fpoakie tufts of white flowers, which turne into fmall rough feede, as if 
 it were hairy, fmelling reafonable well if it bee rubbed : the roote is round and long, 
 thickeaboue and fmall below, cytherredoryellow, eythcrlhorter or longer, accor- 
 ding to his kinde; for there is one kinde, whoferootc is wholly red quitethorough- 
 out ; another whofc roote is red without for a pretty way inward, but the middle is 
 yellow. 
 
 Then there is theyellow, which is of twoforts, both long and fliort : Oneof the 
 long yellow forts, which is of a pale yellow, hath the greateft and longeft roote, and 
 like wife the greateft head of greene, and is for the molt part the worft, being fpongy, 
 and not firme. 
 
 The other is of a deepe gold yellow colour, and is the beft, hauing a fmaller head, 
 or tuft of greene leaues vpon it. 
 
 The lhortc rootes are likewife diftinguilhed, into pale and deepe yellow colours. 
 
 The Vfe of Carrots. 
 
 All thefe forts being boyled in the broth of beefe, eyther frefh or fair, bat 
 morevfuallyof faired beefe, arc eaten with great pleafure, bccaufeof the 
 fweetenelfe of them : but they nourilh Idle then Parfneps or Skirrcts. 
 
 Ihauenot often knownethe feede of this Garden kinde to bee vfed in 
 Phyficke : but the wilde kinde is often and much vfed to expel! winde, &c. 
 
 Chap. XL I. 
 
 Rtfmm htrtenfe. Turneps. 
 
 T Here .are diners forts of Turneps, as white, yellow, and red : thewhitearethe 
 raoft common, and they are of two kinds, the one much fweetcr then the other. 
 Tht yellow and the red are more rare,and nourfed vp only by thofe that arc 
 various : as alfo the Navcwe,whichis feeuebut with very few. 
 
 The 
 
c lhe Kjtchcn Cjarden. 5 
 
 The ordinary Garden Turnep hath many large, and long rough greene leaues, with 
 deepe and vneuengafhes on both fides of them : theftalke rifeth vp among theieaucs 
 about two footc high, fpread at the toppe into many branches, bearing thcron yellow 
 flowers, whic h tut nc into long pods, with blackifh round feede in them : the roote is 
 round and white, fome greater, home fmaller ; the belt kinde is knowne to be flat, with 
 a fmall pigges tale-like roote vnderneath it ; the worfer kinde which is more common 
 in many places of this land, both North and Weft, is round, and not flat, witha grea- 
 ter pigges tayle-like roote vnderneath. 
 
 The yellow kinde doth often grow very great, it is hardly difeerned from the ordi- 
 nary kinde while it groweth, but by thegreatnefleand fpreading of the leaues beeing 
 boy led, the roote changeth more yellow, fomewhat neare the colour of a Carrot. 
 
 The red T urnep groweth vfually greater then any of the other, efpecially in a good 
 ground, being of a faire red colour on the outfide, but being pared, as white as any o- 
 ther on the infide. This, as Matthiolus faith, doth grow in the Countrey of Anania, 
 where hee hath feene an infinite number of them that haue waighed fifty pound a 
 peece, and in fome places heefaith, a hundred pound a pcece, both which we would 
 thinke to be incredible, but that we fee the kind is greatly giuen to grow, and in warme 
 Countries they may fo thriue, that the bulke or bignefle of the roote may fo farrepaffe 
 thc.gr.owth of our Countrey, as that it may rifeto that quantity aboue fpecified. 
 
 The Navew gentle is of two kindes, a fmaller and a greater ; the! mailer is vfually 
 called in France, Nnveaa de Ctnc, the roote is fomewhat long with the roundnefle • 
 this kinds is twice as bigge as a mans thumbe, and many of themlefle : The other is 
 long and great, almoft as big as the (bort Carrot, but for the moftpartof an vneuen 
 length, and roundneffe vnto the very end, where it fpreadeth inte diuers fmall long 
 fibres : neyt her of them doth differ much from the Turnep, in leafe, flower or feed. 
 
 ‘ 1 ;M 'i; ; * v oi 70 1 i: M 
 
 TheVfeof Turneps. 
 
 Being boy led in fait broth, they all of them eate moft kindly, and by rea- 
 fon of t heir fweetnefle are muc^eftcemed,and often feene as a difh at good 
 mens tables : but the greater quantiticof them are fpent at poore mens 
 feafts. They nourifli much, and engender moift and loofe 8dTi,and are very 
 windy. The feede of the Navew gentle is (as I take it) called of Andro- 
 machus in the compofition of hisTreakle, Buni.rs dslcu : for Diofcorides 
 and Plinie doe both fay, that the feede of the tame Bunias or Napus is put 
 into Antidotes, and not the feede of the wilde, which is more Iharpe and 
 bitter; neyrher the feede of the Turnep, which is called in Greeke yydtdi 
 in Latine Rapum, becaufe thefeede is not fweete. 
 
 ij 
 
 Chap. XLIL 
 Ziphanm. Raddifli. 
 
 T Here arc two principali kindcsof Garden Raddifli, the one is blackifh on the 
 outfide, andtheotherwhite ; and of both thefc there is fome diuifionagaine, 
 as (hall be (hewed. Dittander and horfc Raddifh be reckoned kinds thereof. 
 The ordinary Raddifli hath long leaues,vneuenly gafhed on both (ides, theftalke ri- 
 feth vp to the height of three or foure foote, bearing many purplifh flowers at the top, 
 made of foure leaues a peece, which turnc into tfiicke and (hort pods, wherein are con- 
 tained round feede, greaterthen Turnep or Cole worte feede, and of a palereddifh 
 colour : the roote is long, white, and of a reddifli purple colour on the outfide toward 
 thetoppeof it, and of a iharpe biting tafte. 
 
 There is a fmall kind of Raddifli thatcommeth earlierthen the former, that we haue 
 Jiad out of the low Countries, not differing in any thing elfe. 
 
 The blacke Raddifli I haue had brought me out of the lowe Countries, where they 
 fell them in fome places by the pound, and is accounted with them a rare winter fallet: 
 
 Vv 3 the 
 
510 
 
 ‘The Kitchen (jar dm* 
 
 the roote of the bcft kinde is blackiih on the outfide (and yet the feede gathered from 
 fuch an one, hath after the fowing againe, giuen rootes, whereof fome haue beenc 
 blacke, but the moft part white on the outfide) and white within, great and round at 
 the head, almoft like a Turnep, but ending (horter then a Radd ifh, and longer then a 
 Turncp,almoft peare-fa(hion,of a firmer and harder fubftance then the ordinary Rad- 
 di(h, but no leffe (liarpe and biting, and foinewhat ftrong withall; theleaues are fome- 
 whatftnaller, and with deeper gafhes, the flower and feede are like the former, but 
 fmaller. 
 
 Another fort of blacke Raddifh is like in leafe and feede to the former, butthe 
 flower is of a lighter purple colour : the roote is longer and fmaller, andchangcth 
 alfo to bee white as the former doth, fothar I thinke they haue both rifcn from one 
 kinde. 
 
 TheHorfeRaddifhisakindeof wilde Raddifh, but brought into Gardens for the 
 vfe of it, and hath great large and long greene leaues, which are not fo much diuided, 
 but dented about the edges : the roote is long and great, much ftronger in tafte then 
 the former, and abidcth diuers yeares,fpreading with branches vnder ground. 
 
 Dittander is likewifeawilde kinde hereof, hauing long pointed blewiih greene 
 leaues, and a roote that crecpeth much vnder ground : I confelfc this might haue bin 
 placed among the herbcs,becaufe the leaues and not the rootes arc vfed; but let it pallc 
 now with thekindcs of Raddifh. 
 
 The Vfc of thefe Raddilhes. 
 
 Raddifiies doe ferue vfually as a fiimuUm before meat, gluing anapperite 
 thereunto j the poore cate them alone with bread and fait. Some that are 
 early fowen, are eaten in Aprill, or fooner if the feafon permit . others 
 come later 5 and fome are fowen late to ferue for the end of Summer : but 
 (as of all things elfe) the earlier are the more accepted. 
 
 The blacke Raddilhes are moft vfed in the winter, (yet fome in their na- 
 turali and not forc’d grounds, haue their rootes goodmoft part of the Sum- 
 mer)and therefore muftbeefowirn after Midfomer ; for if they fhould bee 
 fowen earlier, they would prefently runne vp to (hike and feed, and folofc , 
 thebenefieof theroote. The Phyficall propertied, it is often vfed in me- 
 dicines that helpe to breake the ftone,and toauoydegrauell. 
 
 The Horfe Raddifh is vfed Phyfically, very much in Melancholicke, 
 Splenetickc and Scorbuticke difeafes. And fome vfe to make a kinde of 
 Muftard with the rootes, and eate it with fi(h. 
 
 Dittander or Pepperworte is vfed of feme cold churlilh ftomackes , as a 
 fawce or fallet fometimes to their meare, bur it is too hot, bitter and ftrong 
 for weake and tender ftomackes. 
 
 Our Gardiners about London vfe great fences of reede tyed together, 
 whichfeemethtobecamatfetvprighr, and is as goadasa wall to defend 
 the cold from thofe things that would be defended, and to bring them for- 
 wards the earlier. 
 
 Ch ap.XLIII. 
 
 Cep*. Onions. 
 
 W Ee haue diuers forts of Onions, both white and red, flat, round and long, 
 as (hall be prefently (hewed : but I will doe with thefe as I doe with the 
 reft, only giue you one defeription for them all, and afterwards their fe- 
 uerall names and varieties, as they arete beknown by. 
 
 Our common Garden Onion hath diuers long greene hollow leaues, feeming halfe 
 flat ; among which rifeth vp a great round hollow ftalke, bigger in the middle then any 
 whereelfe, at the toppe whereof ftandeth a clofe round head, coueredar the firft with 
 a thin skinnc,which breaketh when the head is growne,and fheweth forth a great vm- 
 
 bell 
 
The Kjtcben (jar den. 
 
 1 RtpbMus ru icanus.lHurk Raddifh. r Lepidium fiutVipcritu, Ditrander. * < tf>* nfrMMft.ltotiM Oiuouk. 4 cep* long*. Long OnL 
 y Per/ itm. t Lcckcs 6 AUium\ Gar licks. 7 RapuntHlih, Ramp ion* , 9 Tragepogen. Goatcs b v -at<t 
 
5ia 
 
 The Kitchen Cjarden . 
 
 bellof white flowers, which turtle into blackefecde : butthenthe head is fo heauie 
 that the ftalke cannot fuftaine it, but mult be vpheld flpm falling to the ground, left it 
 rot and perifti : the roote as all know is round, in feme greater, in others leffer, or flat 
 in fome red on the outfide only, in others quite thorough out, in fome white, and very 
 (harpe and ftrong, in others milder, and more plcafant,and fome fo pleafant that they 
 may be eaten as an Apple : Allthefekindcs of Onions, contrary to the nature of all 
 other bulbous rootes, haue no off-fet, or other roote growing to it, but are euery one 
 alone finglebythemfelues ; and therefore it feemeth, the Latines, as Columellare- 
 cordeth, hauegiuen it thenam efWff, and the French it (houldfeeme following the 
 Latine, and the Englilh t he French, do call it Oigntn and Omen, as an vnite, or as if they 
 were but one and one, and dye euery yeare after feed bearing. 
 
 The red flat kinde is mod vfually with vs the ftrongeft of them all, yet I haue had a 
 great red Onion brought mee from beyond Sea, that was as great almoft as two mens 
 fiftes, flat and red quite thoroUghout,and very pleafant both to fmell vnto,and to cate 
 but did quickly degenerate; fo that we plainly fee, that the foyleand climate doth giue 
 great alteration to plants of all forts. 
 
 The long kinde wee call St. Omers Onions, and corruptly among the vulnar Sr. 
 Thomas Onions. 
 
 The other red kinde We call Strasborough Onions, whofe outflde oncly is red, and 
 are very (harpe and fierce. 
 
 The white Onions both long and flat, are like vnto Chalkc-ftoncs lying vpon the 
 ground, when they are ripe and firto be gathered. 
 
 And iaftly, there is the Spanifli Onion, both long and flat, very fwcete,and eaten by 
 many like an apple, but as Iohn T radefcante faith, who hath becne in Spaihe, that the 
 Spaniards themfelues doe not eate them fo familiarly, as they doe thofe white Onions 
 that come out of our owne Countrey, which they haue there more plentifully then 
 their fweete Onions. JJy'l 1 
 
 ThcVfeof Onions. 
 
 Onions arevfed many wayes, asdliced and put into pottage, or boyled 
 and peeled and layde in diflies for fallets at fupper, or diced and put into 
 water, for a fawce for mutton or oyttcrs,ot into meate roafted being fluffed 
 with Parfly, and fomany waies that I cannot recount them, euery one plea- 
 fing themfelues, according to their order, manneror delight. 
 
 T he iuice of Onions is much vfed to be apply ed to any burnings with fire, 
 or with Gun pouder, or to any fealdings with water or oyle,and is mod fa- 
 miliar for the Country, where vpon fuch fudden occafions they haue not a 
 more fit or fpeedy remedie at hand : The ftrongfmell of Onions, and fo 
 alfoof Garlicke and Leekes, is quite taken away from offcndiBg the head 
 or eyes, by the eating of Parfley lcaucs after them. 
 
 Chap. XLIIII. 
 itrrum. Leekes. 
 
 T Herc be likewife fundry forts of Lcekes,both great and ftnall. Leekes arc very 
 like vnto Onions, hauing long green hollow-like leaues,flatti(h on the one fide, 
 and with a ridge or creft on the backc fide : if they bee differed to grow vneur, 
 then in the fecond or third yeare after the fowing, they will fend forth a round and 
 (lender ftalkc.euen quite thoroughout, and not fwollen or bigger in the middle like the 
 Onion, bearing at the toppe a head of purplifli flowers, and blackefecde after them, 
 very like vnto Onion feede, that it is hard to diftinguifh rhem : the root is long and 
 White, with a great bufli of fibres hanging at it, which they call the beards. 
 
 The vnfet Lceke hath longer and flendercr roots then the other, which being tranf- 
 j>lanted,growcth thickcrand greater. 
 
 The 
 
c /be lyttcben (jar den . 5 . 1 $;- 
 
 The French Leeke, which is called the Vine- Leckc, is the bfcft of all others. 
 
 Our common kinde is of two forts, one greater then another. 
 
 Another fort encreafeth altogether by the roote, as Garlieke doth. 
 
 And then Ciues, which arc the fmalleft, and cncrcaie aboundantiy only by the roof. 
 
 SoinedoeaccouncScalionsto be rather a kinde of Onions then Leekes, and call 
 them Cep* Afcdodca, or Afcdtnitidei, which will quickly fpend it felte,if it be buffered 
 to be vncut ; but all Authors affirme, that thercisnowilde kinde of Onion, vnleflc 
 they would haucittobe Grffyw»», whereof Theophraftus maketh mention, faying, 
 thatithithalongnecke(and i'o thefc Scalions haue) andwasalfoof fomecalled Gc- 
 tbySsdes, which antiquity accounted to be dedicated to Latona,the mother of Apollo* 
 becaufe when flic was bigge with childe of Apollo, flic longed for thefc Leekes. 
 
 The Vfeof Leekes. . ' 
 
 The old World, as wee findein Scripture, in thetimeofthechildren of 
 Ifraels being in Egypt, and no doubt long before, fed much vpon Leekes, 
 Onions, and Garlieke boyled with fldh ; and the antiquity of the Gentiles 
 relate the fame manner of feeding on them , to be in all Countries the like, 
 which howfoeuer our dainty age now refufeth wholly, in all forts except: 
 thepooreft ;yetMu(couiaandRuffuvfethem,and the Turkcs tothisday, 
 
 (as Bellonius writeth)obferueto haue them among their dirties a'c theirta- 
 bles, yea although they be B*(bas, Cudes, or V*in$d*s , that is to fay , Lords, 
 Iudges, or Gouernours of countries and places. They are vfed with vs alfo 
 fometimesin Lent to make pottage , and is a great and generali feeding in 
 Wales with the vulgar Gentlemen. 
 
 Onions boyled or roftedvndcr the embers , and mixed with fugat and 
 butter, are good for thofe that are troubled wirheoughes, fhortnefleof 
 breath, and wheeling. An Onion made hollow at the bottome, andfome 
 . good Treakle put into it, with a little iuyee of Citrons (or Lemons-inthe 
 (lead thereof) being well baked together vnder the embers, after the holt 
 is flopped againe, and thenftrained forth, and giuento one that hathihe 
 plague, is very lielpefoU , foas heebc laid to fweate vpon it. 
 
 Ciues are vfed as well to be Aired among other herbes for the pot, asttf 
 be put into a Sallet among other herbs, to giue it a quicker rcllifli. 
 
 Leekes are held to free the cheft and lungs from much corruption and 
 rotten flegme , that fticketh faff therein, and hard to be auoided, as alfo for 
 them that through hoarfeneffe haue loft their voice, if they be ey ther taken 
 rawe, or boyled with broth of barley, or fome fuch other /upping , fit and 
 conducing thereunto. And baked vnder hot embers is a remedy againft a 
 forfeit of Mudiromes. 
 
 The greene blades of Leekes being boyled and applyed warme to the 
 Hemorrhoides or piles, when they arc fwolne and painfull, giue a great dealc 
 of eafe. 
 
 Chap. XLV. 
 
 Garlieke. 
 
 I Haue fpoken of diuers forts of Garlieke called Moly, in the formerbooke : 1 fh%Il 
 needeintfos place to (hew onely thofekindes,tharthis r Garden nourfeth vp^ and 
 leaue the reft to his ftttimeand place. 
 
 Garlieke hath many long greene leaues, like vnto Onions, but much larger, and not 
 hollow at all as Onions are : the ftalke rifeth vp to be about three foote high , bearing 
 fuch a head at the toppe thereof as Onions and Leekes doe, with purplifn flowers, 
 and blackc feede like Leekes : the roote is white withio,coucred ouer with many pur- 
 
i ' • V | ■ ■" M l 1 T- — ■ " • ■ — — — — — — 
 
 514 , T be J^itcben Cjarderu 
 
 plifli skins, and is diuidcd into many parts or cloues, which feme both to fet againe for 
 incrcafe, and alfo to vfe as neede (hall require , and is of a very ftrong fmcli and raftc, 
 aseuery oneknoweth, pafilng either Onions or Leekes, but exceeding wholfome 
 withall for them that can take it. 
 
 Mi*m Prfinam, Ramfons. 
 
 Ramfons arc another kinde of Garlicke, and hath two or three faire broad leaues, 
 ofafrefh or light greene colour, pointed at the end : the ftalkc grovveth about an 
 handiength high, bearing many fmall and pure white ftarre-Iike flowers at thetoppe, 
 and afterwards fmall,blacke, and fmooth round feede : therooteisallodiuided into 
 many parts, whereby it is much encreafed, and is much milder then the former, both 
 in fmcllandtafte. 
 
 The Vfe of Garlicke. 
 
 It being wellboyled in fait broth, is often eaten of them thathaueflrong 
 ftomackes, but wil 1 not brooke in a weake and tender (lomacke. 
 
 It is accounted, and focalled in diuers Countries, The poore mans Trca- 
 kle,that is, a remedy for all difeafes. It is neuer eaten ra we of any man that I 
 know, as other of the rootes aforefaid,but fodden alwaies and fo taken. 
 
 Ramfons are oftentimes eaten with bread and butter,andotherwifealfo 
 as cuery mans affe&ion and courfc of life lcadeth him to vfe. 
 
 Chap. XLVI. 
 
 Sdpgatulut fine Ritwxtiam. Rampions. 
 
 G Arden Rampions are of two forts, the one greater, the other IefTcr :the leaues 
 of Rampions are in the one fomewhat broad likcaBcete, in the other fome- 
 what long and narrow, and a little broader at the end, of a light greene colour, 
 lying flat vpontheground all the firft winter, or yeareof the fpringing , andthenexe 
 Spring fhooteth forth ftalkes two or three foote high, bearing at the roppe, in the big- 
 
 f er fort , a long {lender fpike of fmall horned or crooked flowers, which open their 
 nmmes into foure leaues ; in the letter many fmall purplifli bcls, {landing vpon {cue- 
 rail fmall foote- ftalkes, which turne into heads, bearing fmallblackilh feede : the root 
 is white, branched into two or three rootes , of the bignefle and length of a mans fin. 
 gcr or thumbe. 
 
 The Vfe of Rampions. 
 
 The rootes of both are vfed for Sallets, being boyled, and then eaten 
 with oyle and vinegar, alittle fait and pepper. 
 
 Chap. XLVII. 
 
 TngtpogoH. Goatcs beard. 
 
 G Oates beard hath many long and narrow leaues , broader at the bottome,and 
 (harper at the end, witharidgedownethebackeof theleafe, and of a pale 
 greene colour ; among which rifethvp a ftalkc of two or three foote high, 
 fmooth and hollow , bearing thereon many fuch like leaues , but fmallcr and (horror* 
 and at thetoppe thereof on euery branch a great double yellow flower, likealmoft 
 vnto the flower of a Dandelion , which turnethintoabcad, ftored withdounc, and 
 long whitifh feede therein , hauing on the head of euery one fome parr of the dounc, 
 
 and 
 
The Kitchen (jar den. 51 $ 
 
 and fscarru-d away with thewindc if itbeenegleded : therooteis long and round, 
 fomewhat! ike vnto a Parfnep, but farre fmaller , blackilbon theoutfide, and white 
 within, ycclding a railkie iuyce being broken, as all the reft of the plant doth, and ofa 
 very good and pleafant taftc. This kinde,as alfo another with narrower lcaues, almoft 
 like gralTe, growe wilde abroad in many places, but are brought into diuers Gardens. 
 The othertwo kindes formerly deferibed in the firft part, the one with a purple flow- 
 er, and the other with an afh-coloured, haue fuch rootes as thefc here deferibed , and 
 mayferue aJfotothefaraepurpofe, being of equall goodnefie , if any will vfe them 
 in the fame man ner ; that is, while they are young, and of the firft y earcs flowing * elfle 
 they all growe hard, in running vp to feede. 
 
 The Vfe ofGoates beard. 
 
 -not.-.T '.'' 1 1 jt r -,:. ;• : r , : , ; 
 
 Iftherootesofanyoftheflckindesbeingyoung, beboyled anddrefted 
 as a Parfnep , they make a pleafant difh ©f meate , farre palling the Parfnep 
 in many mens iudgements, and that with yellow flowers to bethebeft. 
 
 They are of excellent vfe being in this manner prepared , or after any o- 
 ther fit and conuenient way, to ftrengthen thofethat are naacilcnt, or grow-* 
 ing into any confumption. 
 
 Chan XL VIII. 
 
 Ctrum. Carawayes. 
 
 C Arawayes hath many very fine cut and diuided leaues lying on the ground, be- 
 ing alwaies greene, fomewhat refembling the leaues of Carrots , but thinner, 
 and more finely cut, ©f a quicke, hot, and fpicie tafte: the ftalke rifeth not much 
 higher then the Carrot ftalke, bearing fome leaues at the ioynts along the ftalke to the 
 toppe, where it brancheth into threeor foure parts , bearing fpoakie vmbels of white 
 flowers, which turne into fmall blackilh feede, fmaller then Anifeede , and of a hotter 
 and quicker tafte: therooteis whitifh, like vnto a Parfnep , but much fmaller , more 
 fpreading vndergrouad, andalittlequickein taftc, asallthereftof the plant is, and 
 abidethlong after it hath giuet» feede. 
 
 The Vfe of Carawayes.. 
 
 The rootes of Carawayes being boyled may be eaten as Carrots, and by 
 reafonofthe fpicie tafte doth warme and comfort a cold weake ftomacke, 
 helping to dtlfolue winde (whereas Carrots engender it) and to prouoke 
 vrine,and is a very welcome and delightfull dilh to a great many, yet they 
 are fomewhat ftronger in tafte then Parfneps. 
 
 The feede ismuchvfed to bee put among baked fruit, or into bread, 
 cakes, &c. to giue them a rellifh , andtohelpe to digeft winde in them arc 
 fubied thereunto. 
 
 It is alfo made into Comfits, and put into TragtM, or as we call them in 
 Englifh, Dredges, that are taken for the cold and winde in the body, as alfo 
 are ferued to the table with fruit. 
 
 r 
 
 1 rdsliri 
 
 Chap. 
 
5 1 6 The Kjtcben (jar den. 
 
 Ch ap.XLIX. 
 
 P aft as fine Bait at as. Potatoes. 
 
 T Hree forts of Potatoes are well knownc vnto vs, but the fourth I reft doubtfull 
 of,anddarenotaffirmeitvpon fuch termes as are giucnvntoit, vntill I may 
 be better in formed by mineownefight. 
 
 TheSpanifli kinde hath (in the Iflands where they growe, either naturally, of plan- 
 ted for increafe, profit, and vfeof the Spaniards that nourfe them) many firme and ve- 
 rie fweetc rootes, like in drape and forme vnto Afphodill rootes, but much greater 
 andlonger, of a pale browne on theourfide, and white within, fet together at one 
 head ; from whence rife vp many long branches , which by reafon of their weight 
 and weaknefle, cannot (land of therufelues, but traile on the ground a yard and a 
 halfe in length at the leaft (lrclateit, as it Hath growne with vs, but in what other 
 forme, for flower or fruit, we know not) whereon arc fetat feueralldiftances, broad 
 and in a manner three fquarelcaues, fomewhat like trianglcd Iuieleaues, ofadarkc 
 greene colour, thetwo fidcs whereof are broad and round, and themiddle pointed at 
 the end ; (landing reafonable dole together : thus much we haue feenc growe with vs 
 and no more : the roote rather decaying then increafing in our country. 
 
 The Potatoes ofVirginia, which fome foolifhly call the Applesof youth, isano- 
 therkindeofplant,ditFeringmuihfromtheformer, fauingin thecolour andtafteof 
 the roote, hauing many wcake and fomewhat flexible branches, leaning a little down- 
 wards, or eafily borne downe with the winde or other thing, befet with many winded 
 leaues, of a darkegrayilh greene colour, whereof diuers arc fmaller , and fomegreater 
 then others : the flowers growe many together vpon along ftalke, comming forth 
 from betweene the leaues and th^ great ftalkes, eucry one fcuerally vpon a fhortfoot- 
 flalke, fomewhat like the flower ofTabaccofor the forme, being one whole leafe fix 
 cornered atthebrimmesjbutfomewhat larger, and of a pale blewifli purple colour, 
 or pale done colour, and in fome almoft white, with fome red threads in themiddle 
 (landing about a thickc gold yellow pointell, tipped with greene at the end : after the 
 flowersare pad, there come vp inrheir places fmall round fruit, as bigge as a Damfon 
 orBiilleis, greene at thefirft, and fomewhat whitilh afterwards, with many white 
 feedcs therein, 1 ike vntoNightfliade: the rootes are rounder and much fmaller then 
 the former, and fome much greater then others, difperfed vnder ground by mariy 
 fmall threads or firings from the rootes, of the fame light browne colour on the out- 
 fide, and white within , as they, andnearcof the fame tafte, but not altogether fo 
 pleafant. 
 
 The Potatos of Canada, ("which hath diuefs names giuen it by diners men, as Bau- 
 hinus Vpon Matthiolus calleth it^Stlanum t aber if umefculeKtumf cWexeiius of Middlc- 
 borough in his Plantarim Synonimia, Heliotrtp'tum Inditum tuber efum , Fabius Columna 
 in the fecond part of his Phjtobafanos, Fits Stlis Farntfiamu, fine filter Peruanus tube - 
 rofus : We in England, from fome ignorant and idle head,haue called them Artichokes 
 of Ietufalcm, only becaufe the roote, being boy led 1 , is in tafte like the boctome of an 
 Artichoke head : butthey may moffi fitly becallrd,Potatos of Canada, becaufe their 
 rootes are in forme, colour and tafte, like vnto the Potato* of Virginia, but greater, 
 and the French brought them firft from Canada into thefe parts) rifeth vp with diuers 
 ftifftr, round ftalkes, eight or tenne foote high in our Country, where they haue fcarce 
 (hewed their flowers, whereas the very head of flowers in other Countries, as Fabius 
 Columna exprefleth it, beingof a Pyramis or Sugar loafefafhion, broade fpreading 
 below, and fmaller pointed vpwards towards the toppe, is neere of the fame length, 
 whereon are fet large and broade rough greene leaues, very like vnto the leaues of the 
 flower of the Sunnc, but fmaller, yet growing in the very fame manner, roundabout 
 thcftalkes : at the very later end of Summer, or the beginning of Autumne, if the 
 roote bee well planted and defended, it will giue a (hew of a few fmall yellow flowers 
 atthetop, like vnto the flowers of After or Starrc-worre, and much fmallerthen any 
 flower of the Sunnc, which come to no pcrfc&io n with vs : the route, while the plant 
 
 is 
 
The Kjtchm (far den. 
 
 517 
 
 
 i m 
 
 t Cirn j.Carawaycs. 2 Bmimm «r/>x*»-»i».Spani(h Potatoes. } P«fM ftM R,tut<u f'lrtinUmrHm. Viremia 
 Potatoes. 4 Eattat-udi C-tn.tJa. Potatoes of Canada, or Arriehokesof Icrufalem. 
 
5'S The Kjtcben garden. 
 
 is growing aboue ground, encreafcthnottohis full growth, but when the Summer is 
 well fpent, and thefpringing of the ftalkis part, which is about the end of Augu(f,or in 
 September, then the root is peredued to be encreafed in the earth,and will bcforeAu- 
 tumne be fpent, that is, in O&ober, fwelllikeamoundorhillocke, round about tire 
 foote of the (hikes, and will not haue his rootes fit to be taken vp,vn till the (hikes be 
 halfe withered at thefooned • but after they be withered, and fo all the winter long 
 vntill the Spring againe, theyaregood, and fit to bee taken vp and vfed, whicharea 
 number of tuberous round rootes, growing clofe together ; fo that it hath beene ob- 
 ferued, that from one roote, being fet in the Spring, there hath been forty or more ta- 
 ken vp againe, and to haue ouer-fillcd a pecke meafure,and are of a pleafant good tade 
 as many haue tryed. 
 
 TheVfcof all thefe Potato’s-. 
 
 The Spanilh Potato’s are roaftedvnder the embers, and being pared or 
 peeled and diced, are put into facke with a little fugar, or without, and is 
 delicate to be eaten. 
 
 They arc vfed to be baked with Marrow, Sugar, Spice, and other things 
 
 in Pyes, which are a daintie and coftly di(h for the table. 
 
 The Comfit-makers preferue them, and candy them as diuers other 
 things, and 1'oordered, is very delicate, fit to accompany fuch otherban- 
 quettiog dilhes. 
 
 The Virginia Potato’s being drelTedafter all thefe waics before fpecificd, 
 maksth almod as delicate meate as the former. 
 
 The Porato’sof Canada are by reafon of their greatincreafing,growne 
 to be focommonhercwith vs at London, that euen the mod vulgar begin 
 to defpifc them, whereas when they were firft rccciued among vs, they were 
 dainties for a Queene. 
 
 Being put into feething water they are foone boyled tender, which after 
 they bee peeled, diced and dewed with butter, and a little wine, was a difh 
 fora Queene, beeingaspleafantasthebottomeof anArtichoke : butthe 
 too frequent vfc,efpccially being fo plentifull and cheape, hath ratherbred 
 a loathing then a liking of them. 
 
 Ch ap. L. 
 ciaart. Artichokes. 
 
 T He fruits that grow vpon or necrc the ground, arc nextto be entreated of, and 
 fird of Artichokes, whereof there be diuers kindes, fotne accounted tame and 
 of the Garden, others wildc and of lare planted in Gardens, Orchardsor 
 Fieldes, of purpofe to be meate for men. 
 
 The Artichoke hath diuers great, large, and long hollowed Ieaues, much cut in or 
 
 torne on both edges, without any great (hew of prickles on them, of a kindc of whi- 
 tifh greene, like vnto an a(h colour, whereof it tookc the Latine name Chart the 
 dalkeis drong, thicke and round, withfomeskinsasicweredowneallthelengthof 
 them, bearing at the toppe one fcaly head, made at the fird like a Pine-apple, but after 
 growing greater, the feales are more feparate, yet in the bed kindes lying clofe, and 
 - not daring, as feme other kindes doe, which are eyther of a reddifli brownc,whiti(h, 
 or greenifh colour, and in (ome broade at the ends, in others lharpe or prickly : after 
 the head hath dood a great while, if it bee fuffered, and the Summer proue hot and 
 kindly, in fome there will breafce forth at the toppe thereof, a tuft of blewilh purple 
 tbmraesorthreds, vnder which grow the feede, wrapped in a great deale of dounic 
 fub dance ; but that roote that yeeldcth flowers will hardly abide the next winter - but 
 el(e being cut off when it is well growne, that douniematter abideth clofe in the mid- 
 dle of the head, hauing the bottome thereof flurandround, which is that matter or 
 fubdance that is vfed to be eaten : the roote fpreadeth it felfe in the ground reafona- 
 
 ble 
 
■jio r i be Kjtcben Cjarden , 
 
 ble well,yeelding diuers heads of leaues or fuckers, whereby it is incrcafed. 
 
 The white Artichoke is in all things like the red,but that the head is of a whitifli aflie 
 colour, like the leaues, whereas the former is rtddiih. 
 
 We haue alfo another, whofe head is greenc, and very (harpe vp wards, and is com- 
 mon in many places. 
 
 Wee haue had alfo another kinde in former times that grew as high as any man, and 
 branched into diuers ftalkes, entry one bearing a head thereon, almoft as biV^e as the 
 firft. 
 
 T here is another kinde,ca!lcd the Muske Artichoke, which groweth like the French 
 kinde, but is much better in fpending, although it haue a leffer bottome. 
 
 The French Artichoke hath a white head,the feales whereof ftand flaring far afun- 
 der one from another at the ends, which are (harpe : this is well known by this quali- 
 tie, that while it is hot after it is boy led, it fwelleth fo ftrong, that one would verily 
 thinke it had bin boy led in (linking water, which was brought ouer after a great frofte 
 that had well nigh con fumed our bed kindes,and are now almoft clcane call out again, 
 none being willing to haue it take vp the roome of better. 
 
 Thercisa lowe kinde that groweth much about Paris, wh ich the French efteefne 
 morethenany other, and islower then the former French kinde, the head whereof 
 as well as the leaues, is of a frelher greene colour, almoft yellowifh. 
 
 Then there is the Thiftle Artichoke, which is almoft a wilde kinde, and groweth 
 fmaller, with a more open and prickly head then any of the former. 
 
 And laftly, the Chardon as they call it, becaufe it is almoft of the forme and nature 
 of a Thiftle, or wilde Artichoke. This groweth high, and full of lharpe prickles, of 
 a grayifli colour. Iohn T radefcante allured mee, hee faw three acres of Land about 
 Bruflcls planted with this kinde, which the owner whited like Endiue, and then fold 
 them in the winter: Weecannotyetfindethctruemannerof dreflingthem, thatour 
 Countrey may take delight therein. 
 
 All thefe kindes arecncreafed by (lipping the young (hootes from thereof, which 
 being replanted in February, March.or Aprill, haue the fameyearemany times, but the 
 next at the mod, borne good heads. 
 
 Wee finde by dayly experience, that our Englifh red Artichoke is in our Countrey 
 the mod delicate meate of any of the other, and therefore diuers thinking it to bee 
 afeuerall kinde, haue fent them into Italie, France, and the Lowe Countries, where 
 they haue not abode intheirgoodnefleabouctwoyeare, but that they haue degene- 
 rated j fo that it feemeth, that our foyleand climate hath thcprehenainenccto nourifo 
 vp this plant to his higheft excellende. 
 
 TheVfeof Artichokes. 
 
 The manner of preparing them for the Table is well knowne to ths 
 youngeft Houfewife I thinke, to bee boy led in fairc water, and a little 
 fait, vntill they bee tender , and afterwardes a little vinegar and pep- 
 per, put to the butter, poured vpon them for the fawce, and foarefer- 
 ued to the Table. 
 
 They vfe likewifeto take the boyled bottomes to make Pyes, whjehis a 
 delicate kinde of baked meate. 
 
 The Chardon is eaten rawe of diuers, with vinegar and oyle, pepper 
 and fait, all of them, or fome, as euery one liketh for their delight. 
 
C lhc l\ttchc?i Qarden. 
 
 5U 
 
 b: 
 
 Chap. LI. 
 
 r*U & Fhttfeoli. Garden and French Eeanes. 
 
 He Garden Beane is of two colours, red or blacke, and white, yet both rife 
 from one ; the filial? or fielde Beanes I make no mention of in this place • bur 
 the French or Kidney Bcancisalmoft of infinite forts and colours : we docnot 
 for all that intend to tro'ubleyou in this place, with the knowledge or relation of any- 
 more then, is fit for a ^Garden of thatnature, that I haue propounded it lathe be- 
 ginning. 
 
 Our ordinary Beanes, feruing 'for foodc for the poorer fort for the moil part, are 
 planted as well in fieldcs as in gardens, becaufe the quantity of them that arc fpent ta- 
 keth vp many acres of land to be planted in, and rife vp with one, two or three ft a Iks, 
 according to the fertilitie of the foyle, being fmooth and Iquare, higher then any 
 man oftentimes, whereon are fet at certainediftances, from the very bottoms a! moll 
 to the toppe, two long fmooth fleihy and thickeleauesalmoft round, one (landing by 
 anotherattheendof a ftnall footeftalke : betweenethcleleaucsandtheftalke, come 
 forth diners flowers, all of them looking one way for the moft part, whichareclofe 
 a little turned vp at the brimmes, white and fpotted with a blackilh fpot in the middle 
 of them,and fomwhat purplilh at the foot or bottome, of the forme almoft of Broome 
 or Peafe flowers, many of which that grow vpward toward the toppe, doe feldomc 
 beare fruit, and therefore are gathered to diftill, andthetoppesof thcftalkescutoff, 
 tocaufcthcrefttothriuethe better ; after which grow vp long great fmooth greene 
 pods, greater then in any other kindc of Pulfc, which grow blacke when they are ripe, 
 and conraine within them two, three or foure Beanes, which are fomewhat flatand 
 round, eyther white or reddifli, ivhichbeingfullripcgrowblackifli : the rootehath' 
 diuers fibres annexed vnto the maine roote, which dyeth euery yeare. 
 
 The French or Kidney Beane fifeth vp atthefirft but with one ftalke, whichafter- 
 wards diuideth it fclfe into many armesor branches, euery one of them being fo weak, 
 that without they be fuftained with ftickes or poles, whereon with their winding and 
 clafpers they take hold, they would lye fruitleflc vpon the ground : vponthefe bran- 
 ches grow forth at ieuerall places longfooreftalkes, with euery of them three broade, 
 round and pointed greene leaues at the end of them, towards the tops whereof come 
 forth diuers flowers, made like vnto Peafe bIo(Tomcs,of the fame colour for the moft 
 part that the fruit will be of, that is to fay, eyther white, or yellow, or red, or blackiib, 
 orofadeepepurple&c. but white is moft vfuall for our Garden ; after which come 
 long and (lender flat pods, fome crooked, and fomeftraight, with a ftringas it were 
 running downetbebacke thereof, wherein are contained flattifb round fruit, madeto 
 the fafhion of a kidney : the roote is long, and fpreadeth with many fibres annexed vn- 
 to ir,perifhing euery yeare. 
 
 The Vfc of thefe Beanes. 
 
 The Garden Beanes ferue (as I faid before) more for the vfe of thcpoorc 
 then of the rich : I illati therefore only (hew you the order the poore take 
 with them, and leaue curiofity to them that will beftow time vpon them. 
 They areonly boyled in faire water and a little fait, and afterwards ftewed 
 with fome butter, a little vinegar and pepper being put vnto them, and fo’ 
 eaten : or elfe eaten aloneafterthey are boyled without any other fawce. 
 The water of the bloffomes diftilled, is vfed to take away f pots, and to cleer 
 the skin. The water of the greene huskes or cods is good for the (lone. 
 
 The Kidney Beanes boyled in water huskc and all,oncly the ends cut off, 
 andthe firing taken away, and ftewed with butter &c. are efteemed more 
 fauory meate to many mens paliatcs, then the former, and are a difli more 
 oftentimes at rich mensTables then at the poore. 
 
 Xx j 
 
 C H A P«* 
 
(Che Kjtchen (jar den, 
 
 *>zi 
 
 Chap. LII. 
 Pi/am. Peafe. 
 
 T Here is a very great variety of manured Peafc known to vs, and I think more in 
 our Country then in others, whereof fomeprofper better in one ground and 
 country, and fome in others : I (hall giue you the defeription of one alone for 
 all the reft, and recite vnto you the names of the reft. 
 
 Garden Pcafe are for the moft part the greated and fweeteft kinds, and are fuftained 
 with Hakes or bufhes. The Field Pcafe are not lo vfed, but growe without any fuch 
 adoe. They fpringvp with long, weake, hollow, and brittle (while they are young 
 and greene) whitifli greene ftallces , branched into diners parts , and at cuery ioynt 
 where it parteth one broad round leafe compaifmg theftalke about, fo thatitcom- 
 methasit were thorough it .‘the leaues are winged, made of diuers fmall leaues ftt to 
 a middle ribbe, of a whitifh greene colour, with clafpcrs at the ends of the leaues, 
 whereby it taketh hold of whatl ocucr dandeth next vnto it : betweene the leaues and 
 theftalkes come forth the flowers, (landing two or three together, euery one by it 
 felfeon his owncfeuerall ftalke, which are cither wholly white, or purple, or mixed 
 white and purple, or purple and blew :the fruit are long,and fomewhat round cods, 
 whereof fome are greater,orhers le(Ter,fome thicke and Abort, fome plaine and fmooth’ 
 others a little crooked at the ends j wherein all'o arc contained diuers formes of fruit 
 or peafe 5 fome being round, others cornered, fome fmall, fome great, fome white, o- 
 thers gray, and fome fpotted •. the roote is fmall, and quickly perifheth. 
 
 ThckindesofPeafearethclc: 
 
 Thegray Peafe.' 
 
 The white Hading.' 
 
 The Peafe without skins^ 
 
 The Rounciuall. 
 
 The greene Hading. 
 
 The Sugar Pcafe. 
 
 The fpotted Pcafe. 
 
 TheScottifhor tufted Pcafe, which fome call the Rofe Peafe, is a good 
 white Peafe fit to be eaten. 
 
 The early or French Pcafe, which fome call Fulham Peafe, becaufe thofc 
 grounds thereabouts doebiing them fooned forward forany quantity , al- 
 though fometimes they mifearry by their hade and earlincfle. 
 
 Cicer Priamum. Rams Ciches. 
 
 This is a kinde of Pulfc,fo much vfed in Spaiue,that it is vfually oneof their dain- 
 tiedilhes at all their fcads : They areof twoforts, white and red 5 the white is onely 
 vfed for meate, the other for medicine. It beareth many vpright branches with win- 
 ged leaues, many fet together, being fmall, almod round, and dented about the edges: 
 the flowers arc cither white or purple, according to the colour of the Pcafe which fol- 
 low, and are fomewhat round at the head, but cornered and pointed at the end, one or 
 two at the mod in a fmall roundifheod. 
 
 The Vfc of Pcafe. 
 
 Peafe of all or the mod of thefeforts, areeithervfed when they are 
 greene, and be a difh of meatc for th e table of the rich as well as the poore, 
 yet euery one obferuing his time, and the kinde : the faired, fweeted, youn- 
 ged, andearlied for the better fort , the later and meaner kindes for the 
 meaner, who doe not giue the deered price: Or 
 Being dry, they ferue to boyle into a kinde of broth or pottage, wherein 
 many doe put Tyme, Mints, Sauory, or fome otherfuch hot herbes, to giue 
 is the better rcllifh , and is much vfed in Towne and Countrey in the Lenc 
 
 time, 
 
5H 
 
 The J^itchen Qjarden . 
 
 time, efpeciallyofthe poorer fort of people. 
 
 It is much vfed likewifeat Sea for them that goe long voyages, and# foi 
 change, bccaufe it is frefh, a welcome diet to moft perfons therein. 
 
 The Rams Ciches the Spaniards call Graecos ^ and c^u^aRo/ anc 
 eate them boyled and ftewed as the moft dainty kinde of Peafe thaf-ard 
 they are ofa very good rellifh,and doe nounfli much , butyetarenot with! 
 out that windy quality that all forts of Pulfcarcfubied vnto : they in «cafe 
 bodily luft much more then any other forts, and as it is thought, dotfilidne 
 to encreafe feedc. ’ -/ 
 
 Chap. LIII. 
 
 Cttcumer. The Cowcumber. 
 
 O F Co wcumbers there are diuers forts , differing chiefly in the forme andco- 
 
 The Cowcumber bringeth forth many trailing rough greene branches lying on the 
 ground, all along whereof growe feuerall leaues, which are rough, broad, vneufn at the 
 edges, and pointedat the ends, with long crooked tendrels comming forth at the fame 
 ioynt with the leafe but on the other fide therof: between the ftalks & the leaues at the 
 loynrs come forth the flowers feuerally ,euery one ftanding on a fhort foot-ftalke,ope- 
 ■ning it feife into fiue leaues, of a i yc Iovvifh colour, at the bottome whereof groweth the 
 fruit, long and greene at the firft , butwhenit is thorough ripe, a little yellowifh ha 
 mng many furrowes,and vneuen bunches all the length ofit, wherein is a white firme 
 fubftance next vnto the skin and a cleare pulpe or watery fubftancc , with white flat 
 feede lying difperfed through it : the roote is long and white, with diuers fibresat it. 
 
 Thekindes. 
 
 The firft deferibed is called. The long greene Cowcumber. 
 T M C L CiS !^ 0thfr ,. is *; aPa d,Thc ^ ort Cowcumber, being fhort, and of an 
 ends ^ nC ^ emt ^ C b ° dythereof ’ aado ^ an vnequall bigneffe at both 
 
 The long Yellow, which is yellowifh from the heginning.and more vel- 
 low when it is ripe and hath beene meafured to be thirteene inches long • 
 brnthisisnotthatfmamong Cowcumber, called of the Latines, Cucwu 
 
 Another kinde is early ripe, called The French kinde. 
 
 The Dantficke kinde beareth but fmail fruit, growingon fhort branches 
 ° r | U h nn fJ s = tbeptckled Cowcumbeii that are vfually fold are of tbiskind. 
 
 Mu f Ule klnde 1S thc fmalleft of all other, yet knowne, and beareth 
 fmallLemons] rC " *** moftona r °° te ’ whi l areno bigger then 
 The Vie of Cowcumbers. 
 
 3 littlefaIt on their fli «d Cowcumbers, and let them 
 cornis ^ h °! UrC °u TV? a dift » and chcn P°ure away the water that 
 eu«v ont liteh 'r h 1 ^ ? C f “ C ’ afCf1 ' pUt vine S ar > oy,c > &c ‘ thereon, as 
 
 In muny countries they vfe to eate Cowcumbers as wee doe Apples or 
 dainTy J AppTe^oTpeTi^e!, n ^ ^ 1CCS of chem,as we W0ldd t0 out friends of feme 
 
 The pickled Cowcumbers that come from beyond Sea, aremuch vfed 
 
 with 
 
c lbe Kjtchen (jar den, 
 
 525 
 
 with vs for fa wee to meate all the Winter long. Some hauc flriucn to equal! 
 them, by pickling vp our Co wcumbers at the later end of the yeare, when 
 they are cheapeft, taking the little ones and fealding them thoroughly well 
 which afterthey put in brine, with fome Dill or Fenell leaues and ftalkes • 
 butthefe are nothing comparable to the former, wee either miffing of the 
 right and orderly pickling of them, or the kinde it felfc differing much from 
 ours (aslfaid of the Dantficke kinde) for ours arc neither fo tender and 
 firme, nor fo fauoury as the other. 
 
 Theraweor greenc Cowcumbers are fitteft for the hottertime of the 
 yeare, and for hot ftomackes , and not to be vfed in colder weather or cold 
 ftomackcs, by rcafon of the coldneffe, whereby many haue been ouertaken. 
 
 The feede is vfed phyfically in many medicines that ferue to coole,and a 
 little to make the paffages of vrine flippery,and to giue cafe to hot difeafes. 
 
 Here bee diuers forts of Melons found out at this day, differing much in thV 
 goodneffeoftafte one from another. This Countrey hath not had vntill of 
 
 late y eares the skill to nourfe them vp kindly, but now there are many that arc 
 fo well experienced therein, and haue their ground fo well prepared, as that they will 
 not miffc any yeare, if it be not too extreme vnkindly, to hauc many ripe ones in a rca- 
 fonable time : yet fome will be later then others alwayes. 
 
 The Melon iscertainly a kinde of Cowcumber , it doth fo nearc refemble it , both 
 in the manner of his growing, bailing rough trailing brariches, rough vneuen leaues, 
 and yellow flowers : after which come the fruit, which is rounder, thicker , bigger, 
 more rugged, and fpotted on the outfide then the Cowcumber, of a ruffet colour, and 
 greenc vnderneath, which when it growethfull ripe, will change a little yellowifh, 
 being as deepe furrowed and ribbed as they , andbefides hauing chaps or rifts in di- 
 uers places of therinde : the inward hard fubftanceis yellow, which onely is eaten : 
 the feede which is bigger,and a little yellower then the Cowcumber, lying in the mid- 
 dle onely among the moiflerpulpc : the fmell and changing of his colour, fore- (hew 
 their ripeneffe to them that are experienced : the roote is long, with many fibres at it. 
 The fruit requireth much watering in the hot time of the day , to caufe them to ripen 
 the fooner, as I hauc obferued by diuers of the beft skill therein. 
 
 The bed Melon feede doe cometo vs out of Spaine, fome haue come out 
 of Turkic, but they haue been nothing fo good and kindly. 
 
 Some are called Sugar Melons, others Pcare Melons and others Muskc 
 Melons. 
 
 They haue beene formerly only eaten by great perfonages , bccaufethe 
 fruit was not only delicate but rare ; and therforc diuers were brought from 
 France, and fince were nourfedvp by the Kings or Noblemens Gardiners 
 onely , to ferue for their Matters delight : but now diuers others that haue 
 skill and conueniencie of ground for them, doe plant them and make them 
 more common. 
 
 They paire away the outer rinde , and cut out the inward pulpe where 
 the feede lyeth,flice the yellow firme inward rinde or fubftance,& fo eate it 
 with fait and pepper (and good (tore of wine, or elfe it will hardly difgeft) 
 for this is firmer, & hath not that moifture in it that the Cowcumbers haue. 
 It is alfo more delicate, and of more worth, which recempenfeth the painc. 
 
 The feed of thefe Melons are vfed as Cowcumbers phyfically, and to- 
 gether with them moft vfually. 
 
 Chap. LIIII. 
 
 Melo. Milions or Muske Melons. 
 
 The Vfoofthe kindes ofMelons. 
 
 C H a p . 
 
The Kitchen (garden. 
 
 Chap.LV. 
 Pep». Pompions. 
 
 E hauebutonekindeof Pompion(asItakeit)inall our Gardens, not- 
 withftanding the diuerfities of bignefle and colour. 
 
 The Pompion or great Melon (or as fome call it Milion) creepeth vp- 
 on the ground (if nothing bee by it whrceon it may rake hold andclitnbe) with very 
 great, ribbed, rough, and prickly branches , whereon arc fet very large rough leaues 
 cut in on the edges with deepe galh'es, and dented befides , with many clafpersalfo* 
 which winde about eucry thing they meete withall : the flowers are great and large* 
 hollow and yellow, diuided at the brims into flue parts, at the bottome of which, as it 
 isinrhereft, groweththeftuit, which is very great , fometimesof the bignefle of a 
 mans body, and oftentimes lefle, in fome ribbed or bunched, in others plaine,and ei- 
 ther long or round, either green of yellow, or gray, as Nature lifleth to fhew her felfe - 
 for it isbut wafte time, to recite all the formes and colours may be obferued in them • 
 the inner rinde next vnto the outer is yellowifh and firme : the feedeis great, flat , and 
 white, lyiug in the middle of the watery pulpe : the roote is ofthe bignefle of a mans 
 .chumbe or greater, difperfed vnder ground with many fmall fibres ioyned thereunto. 
 
 Gourds are kindesof Melons j but bccaufe wee haueno vfeof them, wcelcauc 
 them vmo their fit place. 
 
 They are boyled in faire water and fait, or in powdered beefe broth , or 
 fometimes in milke,and fo eaten, orelfe buttered . They vfe likewifc to take 
 outthc inner watery fubftance with the feedes , and fill vp the place with 
 Pippins , and hauing laid on the couer which they cutoff from the toppe, 
 to take out the pulpe, shey bakethem together, and thepooreof the Citie, 
 as well as the Country people,doe eatc thereof, as of a dainty difh. 
 
 The feede hereof, as well as of Cowcumbers and Melons , are cooling,* 
 and feme for emulfions in the like manner for Almond milkes,&c.for thofe 
 are troubled with the ftone. 
 
 T Herebcdiuers forts of Strawberries, whereof thofetbatare nourfed vp in Gar- 
 dens or Orchards I intend to giue you the knowledge in this place, andleaue 
 the other to a fitter ; yet I muft needs fhew you of one ofthe wilde forts, which 
 for his ftrangeneffeis worthy of this Garden : And I muft alfo enformeyou , that the 
 wilde Strawberry that groweth in the Woods is our Garden Strawberry, but bettered 
 by the foyleand tranfplanting. 
 
 The Strawberry hath his leaues elofed together at the firft fpringing vp , which af- 
 terwards fpread themfeluesinto three diuided parts or leaues, eucry one (landing vpon 
 a fmall long foote-ftalke,greene on the vpperfide , grayifh vnderneath , and fnipped 
 or dented about the edges ; among which rife vp diuers fmall ftalkes, bearing foure or 
 fiue flowers at the tops, confiding of flue white round pointed leaues , fomewhatyel- 
 lowifh in the bottome, with fome yellow threads therein ; after which come the fruit, 
 made of many fmall graines fet together, like vnto a fmall Mulberry or Rafpis, red- 
 ciifh when it is ripe, and ofa pleafant winy tafte, wherein is enclofed diuers fmall blac* 
 kifh feede: the roote is reddifh and long, with diuers fmall threads at it, and fendeth 
 
 The Vfe of Pompions. 
 
 Chat. LVI. 
 
 Frs£trU. Strawberries. 
 
 forth 
 
The Kjtchcn Cjarden. 
 
 i cutumb ■>**,& vulgaris. The ordinary Cowcimber. i Cucntnis HifpanicHS. The long yellow SpamfoCo* cumber. $ Mbv , 
 The ordinary Melon. 4 Afe^^.v/WM^/w^.ThegreateftMBskc Melon. f Pe/JO.The •-'ompion 6 Frtga vttfgarii'Coauaoth' tea . 
 berries. 7 Fra g 1 Bobcmica mourn*. The ^rcac Bohemia Strawberries, i Frag « KUjefita. The prickly tawberry. 
 
5l& ¥ be Kjtcken Qarden. 
 
 forth from the head therof long reddidi firings running vpon the ground, which (hoot 
 forth leaucs in many places, whereby it is much encreafed. 
 
 The white Strawberry differeth not from the red, but in the colour of thefruire, 
 which is whiter then the former when it is thorough ripe, enclining to rednefTe. 
 
 The greene Strawberry likewife differeth not, but that the fruit is green on all fidcs 
 when it is ripe, fauc on that fide the Sun lyeth vpon it, and there it is fomewhat red. 
 
 The V irginia Strawberry carryeth the greatefi leafe of any other, except the Bohe- 
 mian, but fcarce can one Strawberry be feene ripe among a number of plants ; I thinke 
 the reafop thereof to be the want of skill, or induflry to order it aright. For the Bohe- 
 mia, and all other Strawberries will not beare kindly, if you fuffer them to grow with 
 many firings, a n d therefore they are dill cut away. 
 
 T here is another very like vnto this, that lohn T radefcante brought with him from 
 Brufiels long agoe, and in feuen yeares could neuer fee one berry ripe on all fides, but 
 ftill the better part rotten, although it would euery yeare flower abundantly, and bearc 
 very large leaucs. 
 
 The Bohemia Strawberry hath beene with vs but of late dayes, but is the goodliefl 
 and greatefi, both for leafe next to the Virginian, and for beauty farre furpaffing all ; 
 for fome of the berries haue beene meafured to bee neere fiue inches about. Matter 
 Queftcr the Poflmaflcr fitfl brought them ouer into our Country, as I vnderftand, but 
 I know no man fo induflrious in the carcfull planting and bringing them to perfection 
 in that plentifull maner,as Matter Vincent Sion who dwelt on the Banck fide, neer the 
 old Paris garden ftaircs, who from feuen rootes, as hee affirmed to me, in one yeare 
 and a halfe, planted halfcan acree of ground with the increafe from them.befides thofe 
 he gaue away to his friends, and with him I haue feene fuch, and of that bigneffe be- 
 fore mentioned. 
 
 One Strawberry more I promifed to (hew you, which although it be a wilde Icinde, 
 and of no vfe for meate, yeti would not let this difeourfe pafle, without giuing you 
 the knowledge of it. It is in leafe much like vnto the ordinaiy, but differeth in that 
 the flower, if it haue any, is greene, or rather it beareth a fmall head of greene leaues, 
 many fee thicke together like vnto a double ruffe, in the raidft whereof ftandeththe 
 fruir, which when it is ripc,fheweth to be foft and fom what reddifh, like vnto a Straw- 
 berry, but with many fmall harmleffe prickles on them, which may be eaten and chew- 
 ed in the mouth without any maner ofoffencc, and is fomewhat pleafant like a Straw- 
 berry : it is no great bearer, but thofe it doth beare, arc fer at the toppes of the ftalks 
 clofc together, pleafant to behold, and fit for a Gentlewoman to wearc on her armc, 
 &c. as a raritic in ftead of a flower. 
 
 The Vie of Strawberries. 
 
 The leaues of Strawberries are al waies vfed among other herbes in coo- 
 ling drinkes, as alfo in lotions, and gargles for the mouth and throate : the 
 rootes ate fometimes added to make it the more effcCluall,and withall fom- 
 what the more binding. 
 
 The berries themfelues are often brought to the Table as a reare feruice, 
 whereunto claret wipe,creame or milke is added with lugar, as euery one li- 
 keth 5 as alfo at other times, both with the better and meaner fort, and arc a 
 good cooling and pleafant difh in the hot Summer feafon. 
 
 The water diftilled of theberrics, isgood for thepaffionsof the heart, 
 caufed by the perturbation of thefpirits, being eytherdrunke alone, or in 
 wine ; and maketh the heart merry. 
 
 Some doc hold that the water hclpeth to clenfe the face from fpots,and 
 to adde fomc clcerenefle to the skinne. 
 
‘'The Kjtcben Cjar den . 
 
 V->9 
 
 ’ o 
 
 ChaVLVII. 
 
 ' fiCI , , 
 
 Angeliu. Garden Angelica. 
 
 A 
 
 H Auingthusfurni/hcd you Out a Kitchen Garden with all fortsof herbes, roots 
 & fruits fit for it, and for any mans priuate vfe, as I did at the firft appropriate 
 ir ; let me a little tranfcend,and for the profit & vfe of Country Gentlewomen 
 and others, furniih them with fotne few other herbes, ohhe molt efpeciall vfe for thofe 
 (hall need t hem, to be planted at hand in their Gardens, to fpend as occafion /hall ferue 
 and firft ot Angelica. 
 
 Angelica hath great and long winged leaues, madeof many broadegreene ones, 
 dinided one from another vpon the /talk, which is three foot long or better foin times* 
 among which rife vp great thicke and hollow ftalkes with fome few ioynts, whereat 
 doth alvvayes ftand two long leafics compailing the ftalke at the bottome, in fotne pla- 
 ces at the ioynts fprrng out other ftalkes or branches, bearing fuch like leaues but fmal- 
 ler, and at the tops very large vmbels of white flowers, that turnc intowhitilh feede 
 fomewhat thicke : the roote groweth great with many branches at it, but quickly pe- 
 riflteth after it hath borne feede : to preferuc the roote therefore the better, they vfe to 
 cutirofrcnintheyearc.therebytohinderthcrunningvptofeede: the whole plant, 
 bothleafe, roote and feeders ofan excellent comfortable fent,fauour and tafte» ’ 
 
 The diftilled water of Angelica, eyther fimple or compound's of efpe- 
 ciall vfe in deliquiam *nimi,vel cordis tremores & fufsioacs, that is,fwounings 4 
 when thefpiritsare ouercomeand faint, or tremblings and paffions of the 
 heart, to expell any windy or noyfome vapours from ir.The green ftalkes or 
 the young rootes being preferned or candied,’ arc very effedfuall to comfort 
 and warme a colde and weake ftomacke : and in the time of infedfion is of 
 excellent good vfe to preferue the fpirits and heart from infc&ion. The 
 dryed roote made into pouder,and taken in wine or other drinke, will abate 
 the rage of luft in young perfons ,as I haue it related vnto me vpon credit : 
 A Syrupc made thereof in this manner, is very profitable to expe&oratc 
 flegmeoutof the cheft and lunges, and to procure a fweete breath. Into the 
 greene ftalke of Angelica as it ftandeth growing, make a great ga/he orin- 
 ctfion, wherein put a quantitie of fine white Sugar,letting it there abide for 
 three dayes, and after take it forth by cutting a hole at the next ioynt vnder 
 the cut, where the Syrupe refteth, or cut offthe ftalke, and turne it downe, 
 that the Syrupe may drayne forth • which keepe for a moft delicate me- 
 dicine. 
 
 The Vfe of Angelica* 
 
 f! 
 
 Chap. LVIII. 
 
 Vracuncultcs hortenjts fine Scrfentorit. Dragons. 
 
 D Ragonsrifcthoutof the ground with a bare or naked round whitifh ftalke- 
 fpotted very much with purplifh fpots and ftrakes, bearing at the toppe therof 
 a rew greeneleaues vervmuch diuifti-d on all firUc 
 
 W akcrobin, and rafting fomewhat fharpe like it. 
 
 Yy 
 
 The 
 
5jo 
 
 The isjtcbcn (garden. 
 
 TheVfeof Dragons. 
 
 The chiefe vfe whcreunto Dragons are applyed, is, that according to an 
 old receiuedcuflome and tradition (and notthciudgeraent of any learned 
 Author) the diftilled water is giuen with Mithridatum or T reaklc to cxpell 
 noy forae and peftilentiall vapours from the heart. 
 
 Chap. LIX. 
 
 Hut*. Garden Rue, or Herbe Grace. 
 
 G Arden Rue or Herbe Grace growcth vp with hard whitifh wooddy (hikes, 
 w hereon are fet diuers branches of leaues, being diuidcd into many fmall ones, 
 which are fomcwhatthicke and round pointed, of a blewiih greene colour ; 
 the flowers (land at the tops of the ftalkes confiding of foure fmall yellow leaues, with 
 a greene button in the middle,and diuers fmall yellow threds about it,which growing 
 ripe, containe within them fmall blacke fccde : the rootc is white and wooddy, fprea- 
 dingferre in the ground. ThcVfeofRllf . 
 
 t ' 
 
 The many good properties whereunto Rueferueth, hath I thinke infor- 
 mer times caufed theEnglilh name of Herbe Grace to be giuen vnto it. For 
 without doubt it is a moll wholefome herbe, although bitter and flrong,and 
 could our dainty ftomackes brooke the vfe thereof, it would worke admi- 
 rable effcas being carefully andskilfully applyed, as time and occafion did 
 require : but not vndifcreetly or hand ouer head, as many vfe to doc that 
 haue no skill. Somedocrippevpabeaderowleof the vermes of Rue, as 
 Macer the Poet and others, in whom you (hall finde them fet downe, to bee 
 good for the head,eyes,breaft,liuer, heart, fpleene,&c. In fome places they 
 vfe to boy le the leaues of Rue, and keep them in pickle, to eate them as Sam- 
 pirc for thehelpe ©f weakceyes. It is very auaileable in gliders ordrinkes 
 againft the winde or the collicke, and to procure vrine that is flayed by the 
 paines therof.The diftilled water is often vfed for the fame purpofes afore- 
 faid : but beware of the too frequent or ouermuch vfe thereof, becaufe it 
 heatcth exceedingly, and wafteth nature mightily. 
 
 Chap. LX. 
 
 Ctrd»m Benidichis. The Bleffcd Thiftle. 
 
 C Arduus benedidtus or the blefTed Thiftle, hath many weaketender branches !y- 
 ingforthemoftpartontheground, whereon arefet long and narrow leaues, 
 much cut in or waued about the edges, hairy or rough in handling, yet without 
 any hard or fharpe thornes or prickles at all, that the tendereft hand may touch them 
 withoutharme : but thofe that grow toward the toppcs of the ftalkes are fomewhat 
 more prickly,and the heads which grow on the tops of the feuerall branches are fome- 
 what (harpe, fet with prickles like a Thiftle : the flower is yellow, and the feede lying 
 within the woolly or flocky doune like to all other thiftles, are blackifh, long and 
 round, with a few haires on the head of them : the roote is white, and perifheth euery 
 ycare after it hath giuen feede. 
 
 TheVfeof theblefled Thiftle. 
 
 The diftilled water hereof is much vfed to he drunke againft agues ofall 
 fortes, eyther peftilentiall or humorali, of long continuance or of Mfe: 
 
 but < 
 
l Tbe Kitchen (jarden.l 
 
 Avjtttu. Anoellic». i VruMc'muitnrttnfu. Dragons } i.uukorunth. Garden Rue, or Hcrtegract. 4 cdrditm limilictm. 1 he 
 h cflcd Thiftlc < A \ikt*n fi»e it'Mum Ua&caubun & repcaim. Winter Cbcmes. ( 41’nrWM.Abnbacca. 7 Liyivitu. Licovis 
 
 ° Xy * 
 
The Kitchen (jar den, 
 
 but the deco&ion of the herbe giucn in due time, hath the more forcible 
 operation: ithelpethtocxpellwormes,becaufeof thebittcrnefle, and is 
 thereby alfo afriend to the ftomack ouerchargcd with chollar, and to clcnfe 
 the liuer : it prouoketh fweate and vrine, is helpefull to them are troubled 
 with the ftone,and to eafe paines in the fides. 
 
 
 Chap. LX I. 
 
 StUn*m vcficnrium,ft*e Alktktngt, Winter Cherries. 
 
 T He Winter Cherry hath a running or creeping roote in the ground, of the big. 
 neffewany times of ones little finger.fliooting forth at fcuerallioynts in feue- 
 rall places, whereby it quickly fpreadethagreatcompaffe of ground : the 
 ftalkerifethnotaboue a yard high, whereon are fet many broade and long greene 
 leaues, fomewhat like vnto the leaues of N ightfliade, but larger: at the ioynts where- 
 of come forth whitifh flowers made of fiue leaues a pecce, which after turneintogreen 
 berries, inclofed with thin skins or bladders, which change to bee reddifh when they 
 grow ripe, the berry likewife being reddifh, and as large as- a Cherry, wherein are 
 contained many flat and yellowifh feed lying within the pulpe : which being gathered 
 and ftrung vp, arc kept all the y care to be vfed vpon occafion. 
 
 The Vfc of Winter Cherries. 
 
 The diftillcd water of the herbe and fruit together, is often taken tffthem 
 that are troubled with the fharpneffe or difficultie of vrine, and with the 
 ftoneinthe kidneyes,orgrauel in the bladder: but the berries themfeluesei- 
 ther greene or dryed boy led eyther in broth, in wine, or in water, is much 
 more effc&uall : It is likewife conducing to open obflrudtions of the liuer 
 &c. and thereby to helpe the yellow Iaundife. 
 
 Chap. LXII. 
 
 Aftrum. Afarabacca. 
 
 A Sarabacca, from a fmall creeping rootefet with many fibres, fhooteth forth du 
 uers heads, and from eucryofthemfundry leaues, euery one Handing vpon a 
 long greene ftalke, which are round, thicke, and of a very fad or darkegreene 
 colour, and fhining withall : from therootes likewife fpring vp fhort ftalkes not fully 
 foure fingers high, at the toppe of cuery one of which ftandeth the flower in fa- 
 fhion very like the feede veflell of Henbane feede, ofa greenifh purple colour which 
 changeth not his forme, but groweth in time to containe therein fmall cornered feed : 
 the greene leaues abide all the winter many times, but vfually (heddeth them in winter 
 and recouereth frefh in the fpring. * 
 
 TheVfeof Afarabacca. 
 
 The leaues are much and often vfed to procure vomits, fiue or feuen of 
 them bruifed, and the iuice ofthem drunke in ale or wine. An extradf made 
 of the leaues with wine artificially performed, might bee kept all the yeare 
 thorough, to bee vfed vpon any prefent occafion, thcquantitic to bee pro- 
 portioned accordingto the conftitution of the pafient. The roote worketh 
 not fo ftrongly by vomit, as the leaues, yet is often vfed for the fame pur- 
 pofe, and befides is held apaileable to prouoie vrine, to open obftrudions 
 m the liuer and fpleene, and is put among diuers other fimples, both into 
 Mithridatum and Andromachus Treakle, which is vfually called Venice 
 Treakle. A dram ofthe dryed roots in pouder giuen in white wine a little 
 before the fit or an ague,taketh away the ihaking fit, & therby caufc the hot 
 fi£.to De the more renaifle^nd in twice taking expell it quite. 
 
 Chap, 
 
The h\i f chcn Qarden. 
 
 5 ?? 
 
 Chap.LXIII. 
 
 Gljcjrrhiz.t Jiue Liquiritia. Licorice, 
 
 A Lthough there are two forts of Licoricefetdowncby diuers Authors, yet be- 
 caufe this Land familiarly is acquainted but with one fort, I (hall not neede for 
 this Garden, to make any further relation of thatisvnknowne, butonelyof 
 that fort which is fufficiently frequent with vs. It rifeth vp with diuers tvooddy ftalks, 
 whereon ate fetat feuerall diftances many winged leaues, that is to fay, many narrow 
 longgreene leaues fet together on both fidcs ofthcftalke,andan oddeone at the end, 
 very well refembling a young Afhe tree fprung vp from the feede : this by many 
 yearcs continuanccin a place without remouing,and notelfe, will bring forth flowers 
 many (landing together fpike-fafhion one aboue another vpon theftalkes,of the forme 
 of Peafebloffomes, but of averypale or blcake blew colour, which turneintolong 
 fomewhat flat and fmooth cods, wherein is contained fmall round hard feede : the 
 roote runneth do wne exceed ing deep into the ground, with diuers other fmaller roots 
 and fibres growing with them, and ihoote out fuckers from the maine rootes all about, 
 whereby it is much encreafed, of a brownifh colour on the outfidc.and yellow within, 
 of afarre more weake fweete tafte, yetfarmoreplcafingto vs then that Licorice that 
 is brought vs from beyond Sea ; becaule that,bcing of aftrongerfweettaftehatha 
 bitterneffe ioy ned with it, which maketh it the lcflTe pleafing and acceptable to moft. 
 
 Our Englifh Licorice is now adaies of more familiar vfefas I faid before) 
 then the outlandifh, and is wholly fpent and vfed to helpe to digeft and ex- 
 pe&orate flegtne out of the chert and lunges, and doth allay the fhar peneffe 
 or faltnefTe thereof. It is good alfo for thofeare troubled with rtiortneffe of 
 breath,and for all forts of coughcs.Thc iuiceof Licoriceartificiallymadc 
 with Hyffope water, ferueth very well for all the purpofesaforefaid. It be- 
 ing dilfolued withGum Tragacanth in Rofe water, is an excellent Lohoc or 
 licking medicine to breake flegme, and to expettorate it, as alfo to avoyde 
 thin frothy matter, or thin fait flegme, which often fretteth the lunges. It 
 doth alfo lenifieexulcerated kidneyes, or the bladder, and helpeth to heale 
 them. It is held alfo good for thofe that cannot make their water but by 
 drops, or a fmall deale at a time. 
 
 The dryed root finely minced, isa fpeciall ingredient into all Trageas or 
 Dredges, feruing for the purpofesaforefaid, but the vfeof themisalmoft 
 wholly left now adaies with all forts. 
 
 Thus haue I (hewed you not only the herbes, rootes and fruites, nourfed vp in this 
 Garden,but fuch herbes as are of moft neceflary vfesfor the Country Gentlewomens 
 houfes : And now I will (hew you the Orchard alfo. 
 
 The Vfeof Licorice 
 
 The 
 
5$5 
 
 THE 
 
 ORDERING OF THE 
 
 ORCHARD. 
 
 The third part, or Orchard. 
 
 Chap. I. 
 
 * (* *■ . iijjiu* j> r\ j : r 
 
 The fitmthn of an Orchard for fruit-hearing trees, and hoi» to 
 amend the defcBs of many grounds . 
 
 - ■ ■- rac' r - i i. . < s.-. . • . 1 1 . , 
 
 S I hauc done in the two former parts of this Treatife, fo I 
 meanetoproceede in this ; firft to fetdownerhefituation of 
 an Orchard, and then other things in order : And firft,I hold 
 that an Orchard which is, ‘or fhould bee pf feme reasonable 
 large extent , Ihould be fo placed , that the houfe Ihould haue 
 the Garden of flowers iuft before it open vpon the South, and 
 the Kitchen Garden on the on^fide thereof, fhould alfo haue 
 the Orchard on the other fide of the Garden of Pleafure, for 
 many good reafons : Firft, for that the fruit trees being grown 
 great and tall, will be agreat dicker from the North and Eaft windes , which may of- 
 fend your chiefeft Garden, and although that your Orchard ftand a little bleake vpon 
 the windes , y et trees rather endure thefe ftrong bitter blafis , then other fmaller and 
 more tender fhrubs and herbes can doe. Secondly, if your Orchard Ihould ftand be- 
 hindeyour Garden of flowers more Southward , it would ftiadow too much of the 
 Garden, andbefides, would fo binde in the North and Eaft , and North and Weft 
 windes vpon the Garden, that it would fpoilemany tender things therein s and fo much 
 abate the edge of your pleafure thereof, that you would willingly wilh to haue no 
 Orchard , rather then that it Ihould fo much annoy you by the fo ill ftanding thereof 
 Thirdly, the falling leaues being ftill bio wne with the winde fo aboundantly into 
 the Garden, would either fpoilc many things, or haue one daily and continuall at- 
 tending thereon, to cleanfe and fweepe them away. Orelfeto auoide thefe great in- 
 conueniences, appointout an Orchard the farther off, and feta greater drftance of 
 ground betweene. For the ground or foile of the Orchard , what 1 haue fpoken con- 
 cerning the former Garden for the bettering of the feuerall grounds, may vetywell 
 ferue and be applycd to this purpofe. But obferuc this, that whereas your Gardens be. 
 fore fpoken of may be turned vp, manured , and bettered With foile if they groweout 
 of heart, your Orchard is not fo eafily done, but rhuft abide many yeares without alte- 
 ring ; and therefore if theground be barren, or not good, it hadthe more neede to bee 
 amended, or wholly made good, before you make an Orchard of it jyet forae there be 
 
 shat 
 
 
5 The ordering of the Orchard. 
 
 that doe appoint, thatwhere euerytree fhould bee fet, you onely diggethat place- 
 to make it good : but you muft know, that the rootes of trees runnefurtherafter 
 a little tim.-s (landing, then the firft compare they are fet in ; and therefore a little 
 compafle of ground can maintaine them but a little while, and that when the rootes 
 are runne beyond thatfmallcompafTe wherein they were firft fet, andthat they are 
 come to the barren or bad ground, they can thriue no better then if they had beenc fet 
 in that ground at the firft, and if you (liouldafterwardsdigge beyond that compafle, 
 intending to make the ground better further off, you (hould much hurt the fpreading 
 rootes, and pUtyour trees in danger: the fituationof hilsin many places is graueliy 
 orchalky, whichisnot good for trees , becaule they are both too ftonie, andlacke 
 mellow earth, wherein a tree doth moft ioy andprofper, and want moifturealfo 
 (whichisthe life of all trees) becaufeof the quicke defeent of raine to the lower 
 grounds : andbcfidesallthefe inconueniences there is one more; your trees planted 
 either on hils or hill fides, are more fubiedt to the fury and force of windes to be ouer- 
 turnedjthenthofethatgrowcinthe lower grounds -, fortheftrongeft and moft forci- 
 ble windes come not vlually out of the North Eaft parts, where you prouide beft de- 
 fence,but from the-Southand Weft, whence you lookeforthe beft comfort of the 
 Sunne. To helpe therefore manie ofrheinconuenienccs of the hils fides , it were fit 
 tocaufemanieleauelsto bee made thereon, by railing the lower grounds with good 
 earth, and fuftaining them with bricke or (tone wals, which although chargeable, will 
 counteruaile your coft, befide the pleafure of the walkcs , and profpedt of fo worthy 
 a worke. The plaine or leuell grounds as they are the moft frequent, fo they are the 
 moft commendable for an Orchard, becaufe the moulds or earths are more rich, or 
 may better and fooner be made fo • and therefore the profits are the more may be rai- 
 led from them. A ftiffe clay doth nourifh trees well , by reafon it containeth moi- 
 fture ; but in regard of the coldnefle thereof, it killeth for the moft part all tender and 
 early things therein : fea- cole allies therefore, bucke a(hes, ftreete foy le, chaulke after 
 it hath lycn abroad and been broken with many yeares frofts and raine, andflirepes 
 dung , are the moft proper and fitted manure to helpe this kinde of foyle. The dry 
 fandy foi!e,and graueliy ground are on the contrary fide as bad, by reafon of too much 
 heate andlacke of moifture:the dung of kineor cattellin good quantity beftowed 
 thereon, will much helpe them. The amending or bettering of other forts of grounds 
 is fet down toward the end of the firft Chapter of the firft part of this worke, where- 
 vnto I will referre you, not willing to repeate againe the fame things there fet downe. 
 The beft way to auoidc and amend the inconueniences of high, boifterous, and cold 
 windes, is to plant Walnuttrees,Elmes, Oakes or Allies, a good diftance without the 
 compaffe of your Orchard, which after they are growne great , will beeagreat fafe- 
 guard thereunto , by breaking the violence of the windes from it. And if the (oyle of 
 your Orchard want moifture, theconueyingof thefinkeofthehoufe, asalfoany o- 
 ther draine of water thereinto, if it may be,will much helpe it. 
 
 Chap. II. 
 
 The forme of as Or chord, both ordinary, and of more 
 grace and raritj. 
 
 A Ccordingto the fituation of mens grounds , fo muft the plantation of them of 
 necelfitiebe alfo ; and if the ground be in forme, you (hall haue a formali Or- 
 chard: if otherwife,itcanhaue little grace or forme. Andindced intheelder 
 ages there was fmall care or heede taken for the formality ■ for euery tree for the moft 
 part was planted without order, euen where the mafter or keeper found a vacant place 
 to plantthem in , fothat oftentimes theill placing of trees without fufficient fpace be- 
 tweene them, and negligence in not looking to vphold them, procured more wafte and 
 fpoile of fruit , then any accident of winde or weather could doe. Orchards in moft 
 places hauc not bricke or ftone wals to fecurethem, becaufethecxtentthereof being 
 
 larger 
 
¥ he order tng of the Orchard. 
 
 537 
 
 *: 
 
 larger then of a Garden, would require more coft,which euery one cannot vndergoe- 
 and therefore mud wals, or at the bed aquickc fet hedge, is the ordinary and moft vfu- 
 all defence it findethalmoft in all places : but withthofc that arc of ability tocom- 
 paffefc with bricke or ftone wals, the gaining of ground, and profit ofthefruittrees 
 planted there againft, will in fhort time recompenfcthat charge. If you make a doubt 
 hotvtobefurcthatyourOrchard walifhall haue fufficient comfort of the Sunne to 
 ripen the fruits, in regard thctrecs in the Orchard being fo nigh thereunto, and fo 
 high withall, will fo much fhadow the wall, that nothing will ripen well, becaufeit 
 will want the comfort of the Sunne : you may follow this rule and aduice, to remedy 
 thole inconueniences. Hauing an Orchard containingoneacre of ground, two, three, 
 or more, or lefle , walled about , you may fo order ir , by leaning a broad and large 
 walkcbetweenethe wall and it, containing twenty or twenty foure foote(or yards if. 
 you will) that the wall fhall not be hindered of the Sun, but haue fufficient comfort for 
 your trees, notwithftanding the height ofthem , thediflance betweene them and the 
 wall being a fufficient fpace for their (hadow to fall into : and by compaffing your Or- 
 chard on the infide with a hedge 
 (wherein may bee planted all forts 
 of low fii rubs or bullies , asRofes, 
 
 Cornellian Cherry trees plaffied 
 lo we, Goofeberries, Curran trees, 
 or the like) you may enclofeyour 
 walke,andkeepebothitand your 
 Orchard in better forme and man- 
 ner , then if it lay open. For the 
 placing of your trees in this Or- 
 chard, firft for the wals: Thofe 
 fidcs that lye open to the South & 
 
 South weft Sunne, are fittefttobec 
 planted with your tendered and 
 earlieft fruits, as Apricockes, Pea- 
 ches, N edtarius, and May or early 
 Cherries : the Eaft , North and 
 Weft, for Plums and Quinces , as 
 you fhall like beft to place them. 
 
 And for the Orchard it fclfe , the 
 ordinary manner is to place them 
 without regard of meafure or dif- 
 ference , as Pearcs among Ap- 
 ples , and Plums among Cherries 
 promifeuoufly 5 but fome keepc 
 
 both a diftance and a diuifioo for ... 
 
 euery fort, without intermingling : yet the moft gracefull Orchard containeth them 
 
 all with fome others , fo as they be placed that one doe not hinder or fpoile another ; 
 and therefore to deferibey ou the modell of an Orchard , both rare for comelineffe m 
 -the proportion, and pleafing forthe profitableneffe ituhevfc, and alfo durable for 
 continuance, regard this figure is here placed for your diredton , where you muftob- 
 ferue that your trees are here fet in fuch an equall diftance one from another euery 
 way & as is fitted forthem,that when they ate grown great, the greater branches fhall 
 not gall orrubbe one againft another; for which purpofe twenty or fixteene foot is the 
 leaft to be allowed for the diftance euery way of your trees, & being fer in rowes euery 
 one in the middle diftance, will be the moft gracefull for the plantation , andbefides, 
 glue you way fufficient to paffe through them, to pruine, loppe,or dreffe thero,as need 
 
 Hull require, and may alfo bee brought (if you pleafe) to that gracefull delight, that 
 
 euery alley or diftance may be formed like an arch,thebranchcs of either fide meeting 
 to be enterlaced together. Now for the feucrall forts of fruit trees that you (hall place 
 in this modell, your beft direction is to fet Damfons,Bullcis, and your taler growing 
 ’Plums on the outfide, and your lower Plums, Cherries, and Apples on the made , ha- 
 urng regat'djthat you place no Peace tree to the Sunward, of any other tree, left ttouer- 
 
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The order ing oj the Orchard. 
 
 fliado w them : Let your Peare trees therefore be placed behindc, or on the one fide of 
 your lower trees, that they may be as it were a (helter or defence on the North &Eaft 
 fide. Thus may you alio plant Apples among Plums and Cherries, foasyoufuffer 
 not onetoouer-groweorouer-toppe another; for by pruning, lopping, andfhred- 
 ding tho fe that growc too fad for their fcllowcs, you may ftill keepe your trees in fuch 
 a conformity, as may be both mod comely for the fight, and mod profitable for the 
 yeclding of greater and better (lore of fruit. Other forts of fruit trees you may mixe 
 among thefe, if you pleafe, as Filbcrds , Cornellian Cherries in danderds , and Med- 
 lers: but Seruice trees, Bayc trees, and others of that high fort, mud be fet to guard 
 the fed. Thus haue I giuen you the faired forme could as yet be deuifed ; and from this 
 patterne, if you doe not follow it precifely, yet by it you may proportion your Or- 
 chard, be it large or little, be it walled or hedged. 
 
 Chap. III. 
 
 Of AnSurftry fsr'tr ccs, both from' fovring the kernels t and planting 
 fit Jl otkes to graft rvpm. 
 
 . 
 
 f" A I.though I know the greater fort (Imcanethe Nobility and better part of the 
 Gentrie of this Land) doe not intend to keepe a Nurfery, to raife vp thofe trees 
 Athatthey mcanetopian'ttheirwals or Orchards withall , buttobuythem al- 
 ready grafted to their hands.of them that make their lining of it : yet becaufc many 
 Gentlemen and pthers arc muclvdelighted to bcdoWe their paines in grafting them- 
 felues, and edeeme their owne hibours and handie worke farre aboue other mens : for 
 their incouragemarit and fatisfa&ion , I wiki here fet downc fome conuenient directi- 
 ons, to enable them to raife an Orchard of all forts offruits quickly, both by (owing 
 the kernels or dones oFfruit, an$ by making choife of the bed forts of dockes to graft 
 on : Firdthereforetobegitfwith Cherries; Ff you will make a Nurfery , wherein 
 you may bee dored wfth plenty of dockes in alittlefpace, take what quantitie you 
 thinkegood of ordinarie wilde'blacke 'Cherrie dones, cleanfed from the berries, and 
 fowc them, or pricketheminoneby one on a peeceofground well turned vp, and 
 large enough for the quantitie of doneayou will bedowe thereon , from the midd of 
 Auguft vnto the end of September, which when they are two or three y eares old, ac- 
 cording tot heir growth, you may rcmouc them , and fet them anew in fome orderly 
 roweSjhauing pruned their tops and thpirrootes, which at the nextyeares growth af- 
 ter the hew planting in any go6d ground, or at the fecond, will be of fufficient big- 
 neffe to grafr vpon in the bud what forts of Cherries you thinke bed : and it is fitted to 
 graft them thtisydung', that pruning yolif dockes to raife thenvhigh, you may graft 
 thematfiueorfixfoote high, or higher, or lower, ns you (hallfcegood, and being 
 thus grafted in thebud, will both more fpeedily and fafely bring forward your grafts, 
 and with lcfTc danger of lofing your dockes , then by grafting them in the docke : for 
 if the bud take not by inoculating the firdyeare, yet your tree is not lod, norputin 
 anyhazzard of Ioffe ; but may be grafted anew the yearc following, if yon will, in an- 
 other place thereof, whereasif you graft in the docke, and it doe not take, it is a great 
 chance if the docke dye not wholly, or at lead be not fo weakened both in ftrength and 
 height, that It will not bee fit to bee grafted ayeare or two after. In the fame man- 
 ner as you doe with the blacke, you may dcale with the ordinary Englifli red Cherrie 
 ftoncSjOr kernels, but they arenot foaptto growe fo draight and high, nor in fo fiiort 
 atimeas the blacke Chcrrie dones are, and befidcs are (ubicdl in time to bring out fuc- 
 kers from the roores;tothehitiderance of the dockes and grafts, or at the lead to the 
 deformitie ofyour Orchard, and more trouble to the Gardiner, to pull or digge them 
 away. Plumme dones may bee ordered in this manner likewife, buryoumudmake 
 choife ofyour Plums ; for although cuery Plumme is not fo fit for this pnrpofe, as the 
 whire Peare Piumme,bccaufe itgroweththe goalcft and freed, the bailor being fmoorh 
 and apted to be raifed, that they may be grafted vpon ; yet diners other Plummcs may 
 betaken, if they be not at hand, or tObc had, as the blacke and red Peare Plumme, ths 
 
 w hitc 
 
The or de> irg o f the Orchard. %9 
 
 \vhite and rca WlieatePlummc.becaufc they arc neareft in goodnefle vnto it. Peach 
 (tones will be foone railed vp to graft other forts of Peaches or Nedtorins vpon , but 
 the nature of the Peach roote being fpongie } is not to abide long. As for Almonds, 
 they will be raifed from their ftones to be treesof thcmfclues ; but they will hardly a- 
 bide the remouing , and lelfe to bee grafted vpon. Apricocke ftones are the woi ft to 
 deale withall of anyfortof ftone fruit; for although the Apricocke branches are the 
 fitted ftockes to graft Nedorins of the beft forts vpon , yet thofe that are raifed from 
 the kernels or ftones will inner thriue to be brought on for this purpofe ; but will ftarue 
 and dye, or hardly grow in a long time.to be a ft raight and fit ftocke to be grafted, if it 
 be once remoued. Your Comedian Cberrie trees arc wholly, or for the mod part rai- 
 fed from the ftones or kernels ; yeti know diuers doe increafe them, by laying in their 
 lowed branches to talcs roote .-and thus much for ftone fruits. Now for Apples and 
 Pcares, to be dealt withall in the fame manner as aforefaid. They vfe to take the pref- 
 fingof Crabs whereas Veriuycc is made, as alfo of Cidarand Perry wherethey are 
 made, and fo wing them , doe raife vp great ftore of ftockes ; for although thebeating 
 of the fruit doth fpoilc many kernels, yet there will bee enough left that were neuer 
 toucht, and that will fpring : the Crabbe ftockes fome preferre for thefitteft,but I am 
 fure that the better Apple and Beai'e kernels, will gro wo fairer , ftraighter, quicklier, 
 and better ro be grafted on. You muft remember, that after two or three yearesyou 
 take v p thefe ftockes, and when you haue pruned both roppe and roote, to fet them a- 
 caine in a thinner andfitter order , to be afterwards grafted in thebud while they are 
 young, as I (hall fliew yon by and by , or in the ftocke if you will fuffer them to growe 
 greater. Now likewife to know which are the fitteft ftockes of all forts to choofe, 
 thereon to graft euery of thefe forts of fruits, is a point of fome skill indeede ; and 
 thereforeobferuethemasldoeherefetthcmdowne: for bee youaffured, that they 
 are certaine rules, and knovvne experiences , whereuntoyou may truft without being 
 deceiued. Yourblacke Cherrie ftockes (as I faid before) are thefitteft and beft for all 
 forts of Cherries long to abide and profper, and cuen May ot early Cherry will a- 
 bide or line longer , being grafted thereon, either in the buddc or in the ftocke , then 
 on the ordinary red Cherry ftocke ; but the red Cherry ftocke is in a manner the onely 
 tree that mod Nurfery men doe taketo graft May Cherries on in the ftocke (for it is 
 
 but a late experience ofmany,to graft May Cherries in the bud) many alfo doe graft 
 May Cherries on Gafcoigne Cherry ftockes, which doe not onely thriue well, but en- 
 dure longer then vpon any ordinay Cherry ftocke: For indeede the May ,Chcrries 
 
 that are grafted vpon ordinary red Cherrie ftockes, will hardly hold aboue a dozen 
 
 y cares bearing well, although they come forwarder at the firft , that is, doe beare foo- 
 ner then thofe that are grafted on Gafcoigne or blacke Cherry ftockes; but as they are 
 earlier in bearing , fo they are foonerfpent, and the Gafcoigneand blacke Cherry 
 ftockes that are longer in comming forward, will laft twice or thrice their time; but 
 many more grafts will mifle in grafting of thefe, then of thofe red Cherry ftockes, and 
 befides, the natures of the Gafcoigne and blacke Cherry ftockes are to rife higher, and 
 make a goodlier tree then the ordinary redftocke will , which for the moft partfprea- 
 deth wide, but riferh not very high. The Englifh red Cherry ftocke will ferue very 
 wclltograft any other fort of Cherry vpon, and is vfed in moft places of this Land, 
 and I know no other greater inconuenience in it, then that it Ihootcth out many fuckers 
 from the roote, which yet by looking vnto may foone bee remoued from doing any 
 harme, and that it will not laft fo long as the Gafcoigne or blacke Cherry ftocke will. 
 May Cherries thus grafted lowe, doe moft vfually ferue to be planted againft: a wall,to 
 brin°- on the fruit the earlier; yet fome graft them high vpon ftandards, although not 
 many, and it is, I thinke, rather curiofity (if they that doe it haue any wa!s) then ame o- 
 ther matter that caufeth them thus to doe : for the fruit is naturally Imall, though early, 
 and the ftandard Cherries arealwaies later then the wall Cherries, fo that if they can 
 fpare any roome for them at their wals, they will not plant many in ftandards. Now 
 concerning Plummes (as I faid before) for the fowing or fetting of the ftones , lo I fay 
 here for their choifc in grafting of them, either in the budde or ftocke. The white 
 Pearc Plumme ftocke, and the other there mentioned , but elpecially the white Peare 
 Plummeisthegoodlieft, freeft , and fitted ofall the reft, as well to graft all fortof 
 Plummes vpon, as alfo to graft Apricockes, which can be handfomely , and to any 
 
54 ° The or der 'tngoj the Orchard. 
 
 goad purpofe grafted vpon no other Plum ftocke, to rife to beeworth the labour and 
 painc. All forts of Plums may be grafted in the ftocke, and fo may they alfo in the bud- 
 for I know none of them that will refufc to be grafted in the bud, if a cunning hand 
 performe it well ; that is, to take offyour bud cleanely and well, when von haue made 
 Choice of a fit cy on : for, as I fhal flic w you anon, it is no fmall peece of cunning to chufe 
 your cyon that it may y eeld fit buds to graft withall,for eucry plum is not of a like apr- 
 nes to yeeld them: But Apricocks cannot be grafted in the ftofck for any thing that cuer 
 I could heare or lcarnc, but only in the bud, and therefore let your Plum ftocke bee of 
 a reafonable fize for Apricockes efpecially, and not too fmall, that the graft ouer- 
 grow not the ftocke, and that the ftocke bee large enough to nourifh the grafr 
 As your Plum ftockes feme to graft both Apricockes and Plummcs, fo doe they feme 
 alfo very well to graft Peaches of all forts • and although Peach ftockes will ferue to 
 be grafted with Peaches againe, yet the Peach ftocke (as I faid before) will not endure 
 fo long as the Plumme ftocke, and therefore ferueth but for neceffity if Plum ftocks be 
 not ready.or at hand, or for the prefent time, or that they afterwards may graft thac 
 fortof Peach on a Plumme ftocke : for many might lofe a good fruit, if when they 
 meetc with it, and haue not Plumme ftocke9 ready ro graft it on, they could not be af. 
 fured that it would take vpon another Peach ftocke or branch, or on the branch of 
 an Apricocke eyther. Plumme ftockes will ferue like wife very well for fome forts 
 of Netftorins ; I fay, for fome forts, and not for all : the gteene and the yellow NcCto- 
 rin will beft thriue to be grafted immediately on a Plumme ftocke j but the other two 
 forts of red N ceftorins muft not be immediately grafted on the Plumme ftocke, but vp- 
 on a branch of an Apricocke thac hath beene formerly grafted on a Plumme 5 ftocke 
 the nature ofthefc Nedtorins being found by experience to be fo contrary to the Plum 
 ftocke, that it will fterue it, and both dye within a ycare,two or three at the moil : Di- 
 uers hauetryed to graft thefe red Nedtorins vpon Peach ftockes, and they haue endu- 
 red well a while; but feeing the Peach ftocke will not laftlong it felfe, being ouer- 
 weake, how can it hold fo ftrong a nature as thefe red Nedtorins, which will (as I faid 
 before) fterue a Plum ftocke that is fufficient durable for any other Plumme t 
 Apricocke ftockes from the ftones are hardly nurfed vp, and worfe to be remoued, 
 and if a red Nedtorin flrould begrafted on an Apricock rayfed from the ftone,and not 
 remoued,I doubt it might happen with it as it doth with many other trees raifed from 
 ftones or kernels, and not remoued, that they would hardly bcare fruit : for the nature 
 of raoft trees raifed from ftones or kernels, and not remoued, is to fend great downc- 
 right rootes,and not to fpread many forwards ; fo that if they be nor cut away that o- 
 thers may ipreade abroad, I haue feldomc feene or known any of them to beare in any 
 (reafonable time ; and therefore in remouing, thefe great downe-right rootes areal- 
 vWayes (hred away, and thereby made fitto flioote others forwards. Hereby you may 
 pe.rceiue, that thefe red N edtorins will not abide to bee grafted vpon any other ftocke 
 well; then vpon an Apricocke branch, although the green and thcyellovv(as I faid be- 
 fore) will well endure and thriue vpon Plums. The fuckers or (liootes both of Plums 
 and Cherries that rife from their rootes, eyther neare their ftockes, or farther off, fo 
 that they bee taken with fome fmall rootes to them, will ferue to bee ftockes, and will 
 come forward quickly - but if the fuckers haue no fmall roots whereby they may com- 
 prehend in the ground, it is almoft irapolftble it Ihould hold or abidc.There is another 
 way to ray fc vp eyther ftockes to grafr on, or trees withoutgrafting, which is, by cir- 
 cumcifing a faire and fit branch in this manner : About Midfomer, when the fappe is 
 thoroughly rifen (or before ifthe yeare be forward) they vfe to binde a good quantity 
 of clay round about a faire and ftraight branch, ofareafonable'good fizeorbigneffe 
 with fomeconuenient bands, whether it be ropes of hey, or of any other thing,about 
 an handfull aboue the ioynt, where the branch fpreadeth from the tree, and cutting the 
 barke thereof round about vnder the place where the clay is bound, the fap is hereby 
 hindered from riling, ordefeending further then that place focircumcifed, whereby it 
 will flioote out fmall knubs and rootes into the clay, which they fuffer fo to abide vn- 
 till the beginning of winter, whenas with a fine Sawe they cut off that branch where 
 ic was circumcifed.and afrerwardes place it in the ground where they would haue it to 
 grow, and flake it, and binde it faft, which will flioote forth rootes, and will become 
 eyther a faire tree to beare fruite without grafting, or elfe a fir ftocke ro grafe on accor - 
 
 ding 
 
The or doing» f the 0 it hard. 
 
 ding ro the fcinde : but oftentimes this kinde of propagation mifferlyn that it ienderh 
 not forth rootes fufficient to caufc it to abide any long time. Let me yet before ] leauc 
 this narration of Plummcs, giue youor.eadihonition more, that vporr whatfoeucr 
 Plumme ftockeyou doc graft, yet vpon a Damfon ftocke that you neuer ft riuc ro graft 
 for it (aboueall other forts of Plumme ftockes) will neuer giue you a tree worth your 
 labour. It remaineth only of ftone fruit, that I fpeake of Cornelles, which as yet I nc- 
 uer faw grafted vpon any ftocke, being asitflrould reemevtterly repugnant to the na- 
 ture tnercof, to abidegrafting, but is wholly rayfedvp (as I Paid before) eytherfrotn 
 the ftoncs,or from the fuckers or layers. For Peares and Apples your vfuall ftockes to 
 graft on are(as I laid before, fpeaking ofthe nurfing vp of trees from the kernels)your 
 Crabbe ftockes, and they bee accepted in euery Countrey of this Land as they may 
 cormeniently be had, yet many doe take theftockesof better fruit, whethir they bee 
 fuckers, or ftockes rayfed from the kernels (and the moft common and knowne way 
 of grafting, is in the ftocke forallfortsof them, although fome doe vfe whipping 
 packing cm, or inching, as euery one lift to call it : but now we doe in many places be- 
 gin to dealc with Peares and Applesas with other ftone fruit, that is, graft them all in 
 the bud, which is found the moft compendious and fafeft way both to pre/crue your 
 ftocke from periling, and to bring them the foonerto couer the flock, as alfo to make 
 thegoodherand ftraightertree, being grafted at what heightyoupleafe:) forthofe 
 ftockes that are rayfed from the kernels of good fruit (which are for the moft partea- 
 fily knowne from others, in that they want thofe thornes or prickles the wilde kindes 
 are armed withall:) I fay for the moft part ; for I know that the kernels of fomc °ood 
 fruite hath giuen ftockes with prickles on them (which, as I thinke, was becaufe that 
 good fruite was taken from a wiidc ftocke that had not beene long enough grafted to 
 alter his wilde nature ; for the longer a tree is grafted, the more ftrength the fruite ta- 
 keth from the graft, and the leife ftill from the ftocke) being fmoother and fairer then 
 the wilde kinds, muft needes maiea goodlier tree, and will not alter any whit the tafte 
 ofyour fruit that is grafted thereon, but rather adde fome better rellifli thereunto ■ for 
 the Crabbe ftockes yeeldinghar(hfruite,muft giue part oftheir nature to the graf ts arc 
 fet thereon, and thereforethetafteorrellifti, as well as fomeother naturali properties 
 of moft fruits, are fomewhat altered by the ftocke. Anotherthing I would willingly 
 giue you to vnderlhnd concerning your fruits and ftockes, that whereas diuers for cu- 
 riofity and to try experiments haue grafted Cherries vpon Plumme ftockes, or Plums 
 on Cherry ftockes, Apples vpon Peare ftockes, and Peares vpon Apple ftockes, fome 
 of thefe haue held the graft a yeare, two or three peraduenture, but I neuer knew that 
 cuerthey held long, or to beare fruite, much Idle to abide or doe well : beftow not 
 therefore your paines and time on fuch contrary natures, vnleffe it be for Curiofitie, as 
 others haue done : Yet 1 know that they that graft peares on a white thorne ftocke 
 haue had their grafts feeme to thriue well, and continue long, but I haue feldomefeene 
 the fruite thereof anfwerable to the naturali wilde Peare ftocke ; yet the Medlar is 
 knownetotnrhiebeft on a white thorne. And laftly, whereas diuers doe affirme that 
 they may haue not only good ftockes to graft vpon, but alfo faire trees to bear ftorcof 
 fruit from the kernels of Peares or Apples being prickt into the ground, and fuffered 
 to grovy without remouing, and then cyther grafted or fuffered to grow into great trees 
 vngrafred; and for their bearing of fruite, afligne a dozen or twenty ycares from the 
 nrft fetting ofthe kernels, and abiding vngrafted, I haue not feenc or heard that expe- 
 rience to hold certaine, or if it (ltould be fo, yet it is too long time loft, and too much 
 fruit alfo, to watte twenty ycares for that profit may be gained in a great dcale of ieffe 
 time, and with more certainty. Vnto thefe inftrudions let meeadde alfo one more, 
 which is not much known and vfcd,and that is, to haue fruit within foure or fine years 
 from toe firft fowing of your (tones or kernels in this manner : After your ftones or 
 kernels are two or three yearcs old, takethefairefttoppe or branch, and graft it as you 
 would doe any other cyon taken from abearing tree, and looke what rare fruite, cy ther 
 Peareor Apple, the kernell was ofthat you fowed, or Peach or Plum &c.the ftone was 
 fet, fuch fruite (hall you haue within twoorthreeyearesat the moft after the grafting, 
 if it take, and the ftocke be good. And thus may you fee fruit in farre lefle time then to 
 flay vntill the tree from a kernell or ftone beareth frurt of it felfe. 
 
5+S 
 
 The ordering of the Orchard. 
 
 Chap. II II. 
 
 The diners manners of grafting all forts of fruits 
 ifed in our Land. 
 
 T He moft vfuall manner of grafting in the ftocke is fo common and well known 
 in this Land to euery one that hath any thing to doe with trees or an Orchard, 
 that I think I (hall take vpon mee a ncedleffe worke tofet downe that is fo well 
 knowne to moft ; yet how common foeuer it is, fomc directions may profit euery one, 
 without which it is not eafily learned. And I doe not fo much Ipend my time and 
 paines herein for their fakes that haue knowledge, but for fuch as not knowing would 
 faine be taught priuately, I meane,to reade the rules of the arte fet downe in priuate, 
 when they would refufeto learneof a Gardiner, or other by fight: and yet I diicom- 
 mend not that way vnto them tolearneby fight; for one may fee more in aninftant by 
 fight, then he (hall learn by his own practice in a great while.efpecially if he be a little 
 praffifed before he iee a cunning hand to doe it. T hereare many other kindes of graf- 
 ting, which (hall be fpoken of hereafter, and peraduenture euenihey that know it well, 
 may learnc fomething they knew notbefore. 
 
 i . The grafting in the ftocke, is, to fet the fprigge of a good fruit into the body or 
 ftocke of another tree, bee it wilde or other, bee it young or old, to caule that tree to 
 bring forth fuch fruit as thetreebore from whence you took thefprigge, and not fuch 
 as the ftocke or tree would haue borne, if it had not beene grafted, and is performed in 
 thismanner : I.ooke what tree or ftocke you will chufe to graft on, youmuftwith a 
 fmall fine fawe and very lharpe, whip off, or cut off the head or toppe thereof at what 
 height you cyther thinke beft for your purpofe,or conuenient for the tree : for if you 
 graft a great tree, you cannot without endangering the whole, cut it downefo low to 
 the ground, as you may without danger doe a fmall tree, or onethat is of a reafonable 
 fize ; and yet the lower or neerer the ground you graft a young tree, the fafer it is both 
 for your ftocke and graft, becaufe the fappe (lnll not afeend high, butfoonegiuevi- 
 gour to the graft to take and fhoote quickly : After you haue cutoff the toppe of your 
 ftocke, cut or fmooth the head thereof with a (harpe knife, that it may be as plaine and 
 fmooth as you can, and then cleaue it with a hammer or mallet, and with a ftrong knife, 
 cleauer or cheffell, either in the middle of it if it be fmall, or of a reafonable fize, or on 
 the (ides an inch or more within the barke,ifit be great : into both (ides of the cleft 
 put your grafts, or into one if the ftocke bee fmaller ; which grafts muft bee made 
 fit for the purpofe on this fafhion : Hauing made choifeof your grafts from the toppe 
 branches efpecially, or from the (ides of that tree wherof you would haue the fruit, and 
 that they be of a reafonable good fize, not too fmall or too great for your ftockes, and 
 of one or the fame yeares fhoote ; (and yet many doc cut an inch or more of theolde 
 wood with the fprigge of the laft yeares growth, and fo graft the old and young toge- 
 ther (but both arc good, and the old wood no better then the y oungj cut your graft not 
 too long, but with two, three or foure eyes or buds at the moft, which at the lower or 
 bigger end for an inchlong or more (for the greater ftockes, and an inch or leffe for the 
 leffer fort) muft be fo cut, that it be very thin on the one fide from the (houlders do wn- 
 vvard,and thicker on the other, and thinalfo at the end, that it may goe downe clofe in- 
 to the cleft, and reftatthe (houlders onthc head oftheftocke : but take heedethat in 
 cutting your grafts your knife bee very (harpe that you doe not ray fe any of the barke, 
 eyther at the fides or the end, for feare of lofing both your paines and graft, and ftocke 
 too peraduenture ; and let not your grafts bee made long before you fet them, or el fe 
 put the ends of them in water to keepe them frefhand cleane : when you fet them you 
 muft open the cleft of your ftocke with a wedge or cheffell as moft doe, thatthe graft 
 may goe eafily into it, and thatthe barkeof both graft and ftocke may ioync clofe the 
 one to the other, which without ftirring or difplacmg muft bee fo left in the cleft, and 
 the wedge or cheffell gently pulled forth; but becaufe in the doing hereof confifteth 
 in a manner the whole Ioffe or gaineof your paines, graft and ftocke,to preuent which 
 jnconuenience Idoevfeaniron Inftrument, the forme whereof islhowne in the fol- 
 lowing 
 
c r he ordering of the Orchard. 
 
 
 
 lowing page, marked with the letter A, crooked at both ends, and broadelikevntoa 
 cheffcll, the one bigger, and the other leffer, to fit all forts of flockes,and the iron han- 
 dle fomrwlnt long betweene them both, that being thruft or knocked do wne into the 
 cleft, you may with your left hapd open itas wideasisfittoletinyourgrafr, without 
 ftrayning, which being placed, this iron may bee pulled or knocked vp againe without 
 $ny moairtgof your graft : when you haue thus done, you muftlay a gpod hand- 
 full or morcfaccordinglco the bignefleof your ftocke) of foftand well moiftnedclay 
 or loame, welltempercd together with Ihort cut hey orhorfedung, vponthc head. of 
 your ftocke, as JovvcOr firmc what lower then the cleft, to keepe out all winde,'raii)ftcir 
 ayrefrom your graft vat ill Midfomer at the lcaft, that thegraltbe (hot forth fomewhat 
 ftrongly, which then if you pleafe may be rcmoued,and the cleft at the head only filled 
 iyitha little clay to kcepcout earewigs,or other things that may hurt your graft, tv/* 
 fit ■ . mo • 1 i 
 
 A. Theffroff Inftrument with 
 o i cheffelsr ap each end, the one r 
 3 J; . bigger band the. other leffer , 
 to keepe the cleft of rhe Tree 
 z‘ opelvvnciil the graft bee pla- 
 
 • ccd irithe ftocke, which with 
 i . a knodevpwards will be eafily : 
 
 taken away, vare/td 
 E. The final) Pennc-knife wirha. 
 
 broad, and thinne ended hafte, 
 
 , to raife the fides both of the 
 , bud, and the down-right flit in 
 the body or aimeof a Tree to 
 
 • be grafted in the bud. 
 
 C. A.peaor quil cut halfe round ! 
 
 to take off a bud from the 
 branch. ,:i . ><>’. 
 
 D. Anluorylnftrumcntmadcto 
 the fame fafhion. 
 
 E. A fhielde of braffe made hol- 
 low before to be put into the 
 flit, to keepe it open vntill the 
 bud be put into its place. 
 
 T. The manner of grafting cal- 
 led incifing or fplieing. 
 
 G. A Ladder made with a ftoole 
 atthetoppe, to ferue both to 
 graft higher or lowcr,anda!fo 
 to gather fruit without fpoy- 
 ling or hurting any buddes or 
 branches of Trees. 
 
 .x. The firft flit in the body or 
 
 arrae of a Tree to be grafted in the bud with the erode cut at the head. 
 
 2. The fame flit opened on both fides 5 teady to receiue the budde rhoul'd be put there- 
 in : thefe fmall peeccs ferue as well as trees to fhew the manner and order of thegraf- 
 
 3 - The branch ofa Tree with onebudde cut ready to be taken off, and another notyet 
 touched. 1 
 
 4. The bud cleane taken off from the branch, both the forefideand backfide. 
 
 5. The graft or bud now put into the ftocke or tree you intend to begrafted : butthe 
 binding thereof is omitted. 
 
 2. Inarchingis another manner of grafting in the ftocke, and is more troublefome,' 
 and more cafuallalfothen the former, and is rather a curiofity then any way of good 
 ipcede,certainety or profit, and therefore vfedbutof a few. Yet to (hew you, the 
 
 2 Z ? man- 
 
T he ordering of the Orchard. 
 
 manner thereof, it is thus: Hauing a tree well growne, bee it high or low, yet the lower 
 the better, with young branches well fpread, they vfe to fet ftockes round about it, or 
 on the one fide as you pleafe ; into which ftockes they ingraft the young branches of 
 the well growne tree as they are growing (before they cut them from the t rce)by bow- 
 ing downe the branch they intend to graft, and putting it into the ftocke, hauing firft 
 cutoff theheadthereof, andcutanotch in the middle of the head a little Hope on 
 both fides, wherein the branch muft be fitted : let the branch be cut thinne on the vn- 
 derfide, only of that length as may fuffice to fit the notch in the ftocke, leauing about 
 halfeayarde length of the branch, to rife aboue or beyond the ftocke, which beeing 
 bound on, and clayed ouer or couered with red or greene loft waxc, they let fo abide, 
 that if it take in the ftocke they cut off the branch a little below the grafting place in 
 Noucmber following, and remouing the ftocke, they haue thus gained a grafted and 
 growne tree the firft y eare : but itis vfually feene,that where one branch taketh, three 
 doe miffe : yet this manner of grafting was much in vfe for May Cherries, when they 
 were firft known to vs, and the way thought to be arare manner ofgrafting to encreafe 
 them, vntill a better way was found out, which now is fo common and good alfo, that 
 this is not now fcarcc thought vpon. 
 
 3. Another kinde of grafting in the ftocke is called of fome whipping, of fome 
 fplicing, of others incifing, and of others packing on (and as I heare, is much vfed in 
 the Weft parts efpecially, andalfo in the North parts of this Land) and is performed 
 in this manner : Take and flice the branch of a tree (fo as the branch benot too bigge) 
 or clfc a young tree of two, or three, or foure yeares growth at the moft, quite off dope 
 wife, about an inch and a halfc long or more, and cut a deep notch in the middle there- 
 of, then fit into it a graft iuft of that fize or bigneffe, cut on both fides with (boulders, 
 and thinattheend, that it may ioyneclofe in the notch, andneytherbiggerorlcffcr, 
 but that the barkeof theonemay bee fitted iuft to the bat ke of theorher, the figure 
 wherof is expreffed at thelcttcrs E.F. which fhew the one to be with a fhoulder & the 
 other without ; binde them gently together with baft, and putclay or waxcouerthe 
 place, vntill it be taken : this is much vfed of late dayes for fuch young rrees as areri- 
 len of ftones or kernels after the fecond or third yeares growth, and thriue very well 
 in that it not only faucth much time, but diuers checks by remouing andgrafting. 
 
 4. Inoculating orgrafting in thebudde is another manner of grafting, which is the 
 tak ing of a budde from one tree, and putting it into the barkc of another tree , to the 
 end, that thereby you may haue of the fame kinde of fruit thetree bare from whence 
 the budde was taken -and although it bee fufficiently knownein many places of this 
 Land, yet as I vnderftand.good Gardiners in the North parts, and likewife in fome o- 
 ther places, can fcarcetell what it meancth, or at the leaft how to doe it well. It is per- 
 formed after a different falhion from the former, although they all tend vnto one end, 
 whichisthe propagating of trees. You muft for this purpofeobferue, that for thofe 
 trees you would graft, either with, or vpon , youchoofeafit time in Summer, when 
 thefappe iswellrifen, and your graft welllhot, that the barke will rife eafily and 
 cleanly, both of ftocke and graft, which timel cannot appoint, becaufe both the years 
 doe differ in earlineffc, and the feuerall parts or countries of this Land likewifeone 
 from another, but moft vfually in thefe Southerne parts, from the beginning of Iune 
 vnto the end of it, or to the middle of Inly, or either fomewhat before or after. Firft 
 (as I faid) hauing taken the fitted time of the yeare, you muft take efpeciall care, that 
 yourgrafrsbewellgrowne,andofthefameyearesfhoote, andalfothst the buds or 
 eyes haue but Angle leaues at them, asneare as you can : for I would vtrerly refufe 
 thofe buds that haue aboue two leaues as vnprofitable , either in Peaches or any other 
 fruit 5 and therefore fee that your grafts or cyons bee taken from the chicfeft place of 
 the tree, that is, either from the roppe, or from a funnie fide thereof, and not from the 
 contrarie fide if you may otherwise, nor from any vnder-boughes ; for feeing your 
 graft is fo fmall a thing, you had neede take the more care that it be the beft and faireft. 
 You muft to take off this eye or budde from the fprigge, haue a fmall fliarpe pen-knife, 
 the end of the haft being made flat and thinne, likeacheffellorwedgc, the figure 
 whereof is fet forth at the letter B,andapenorgoofequill cut, to be leffe then halfc 
 round, and to bebroadatrheend,but not (harpe pointed likeapenne, orelfc fucha 
 peecc of bone or Iuorie made in that falhion as the quill is , to bee thinne, hollow, or 
 
 halfe 
 
 54 + 
 
*7 he ordering of [be Orchard. 
 
 5+J 
 
 halfe round, the figures of both which are marked with the letters C,D. with your 
 knife cutthebarke of the bud (halting firft cut off theleafe, leaning onely thefhort 
 foote ftaikethercofatthebud)about aflrawes breadth aboue the eye thereof halfe 
 round, and then from that round or ouerthwart cut , with your knife cut it downe on 
 both fides of the eye, clofetothebud flopewile about an inch long or thereabouts, 
 that it bee broad at the head aboue the eye, and pointing at the end like a fheild or 
 fcutcheon ; and then cutting away the reft of the barke from about it , with the thin ne 
 fiat end of the haft of yOur knife raii'e vp both tides of your bud a little, and with your 
 quill or bone put vnder the barke, raife your budde, and thruft it quite off, beginning 
 at the toppe or head of your ey c ; but fee that you thruft it off clofe to the wood of the 
 branch or fprigge, and that you doe not leaue the eye of the budde behinde flicking 
 vpon the branch; for if that eye be left or loft, your bud is worth nothing; you muft 
 caftitaway, andcuranotbcrthat may hauethateyeabiding within the budde on the 
 intide : you may perceiue if that eye be wanting, if you fee an emptie hole in the place 
 where the eye fhould be,to fill it vp on the infide thereof ; thus hauing taken Off your 
 bud well and deanly,which is fet forth vnto you at the figures 3 and 4. prefently fet it 
 on the tree you would graft (for your fmall bud can abide no delay, left by taking the 
 ayretoolong it becomedry, and nothing worth) inthis manner: Cutthc barke of 
 your tree you would graft in a fmooth place, at what height you pleafe , firft aboue or 
 ouerthwart, and then downe right in the middle thereof, more then an inch long, the 
 figure whereof you fhallhaue at the figure i.and then raife vp both tides of the barke, 
 firftone, and then another, with the flat and thinne haft end ofyour knife, a prettie 
 way inwards (for if the barke will not rife eafily , the ftocke is not then fitto graft vp- 
 on) put in your budde into the cleft with the point downewards, holding the ftalke of 
 theleafe that is with the budde betweene your fingers of the one hand, and opening 
 the cleft with the flat end of your knife with the other hand , that the head ofyour 
 bud may be put clofe vnder the ouerthwart cut in the ftocke or trec( which muft not be 
 raifed or (lined as the fidesare)& the eye of the bud ftand iuft in the middle of the flit 
 that is downeright, and then doling the barke ofthe ftocke or tree foftly vnto the bud 
 thus put in with your fingers , let it be bound gently with a fmall long peeceof bade, 
 or other fuch like foft thing, firft aboue the eye,& then compaffing it belowe as clofe at 
 you can, but not too hard in any cafe,vntil you haue bound it all ouer the flit you made, 
 cfpccially the lower end, left any windegetintodryand fpoileit ; and hauingtyed 
 both ends thereof faft, leaue it fo for a fornight or fomewhat more , in which fpace it 
 will take and hold, if it be well done, which you (hall perceiue, if the bud abide green, 
 and turne not blacke, when you haue vnloofed the tying ; for if it hold faft to the tree, 
 and be frefhand good.tye itvp gentlyagaine, andfo leaue it for a fortnight longer, 
 ora monechifyou will, and thettyou may takeaway your binding cleane : this budde 
 wi!i(ifno other mifchance happen vnto it) fpring and fhoote forth thcneXt yeare, 
 (and fometimes the fame yeare, but that is feIdome)and therefore in the beginning of 
 the yeare, cutoff the head of the grafted tree about an handfull aboue the grafted 
 place, vnt ill the graft be grovvne ftrong, and then cut it off clofe, that the head may be 
 couered withthegraft,anddoenot fufferany buds to fproutbefidesthc graft, either 
 aboue or belowe it. Ifyougraftdiuersbudsvponone ftocke (which is the beft way) 
 let that onely remaine and abidethatfhootethbeft forth, and rubbe off, or take away 
 the other : the feuerall parts of this grafting I haue caufed to be exprefled for your fur- 
 therinformation. 
 
 5. Grafting in the fcutcheon is accounted another kinde of grafting, and differeth 
 verie little from grafting in the budde : the difference chiefly confifteth in this,thatin 
 {lead of the downe right flit, and that aboue ouerthwart , they take away iuft fo much 
 barke ofthe great tree, as your bud isin bigneffe, which vfually is a little larger then 
 the former, and placing it therein, they binde it asformerlyis faid: fomcvfe for this 
 purpofcapaircofcompaflcs, togiuethe true meafiirc both of bud and ftocke; this 
 manner of grafting is moftvfed vpon greater trees, whofe young branches are too 
 high to graft vpon in the former maner, and whofe tops they cut off (for the mod part) 
 at the latter end of thenext yeare after the bud is taken : both thefewaies were inuen- 
 ted to faue the lofle of trees, which are more endangered by grafting in the ftocke,' 
 
 Zz $ then 
 
54 6 7 he ordering of the Orchard. 
 
 then any of thefewaies;andbefides, by thefe waies you may graft at a farre grea 
 height without Ioffe. 
 
 Chap. V. 
 
 Of the manner of grafting and propagating id 
 forts of Rofes. 
 
 H Auing'now fpoken of the grafting of trees, let mee adioyne the properties of 
 Rofes, which although they better fit a Garden then an Orchard, yet I could 
 not in a fitter place expreffe them then here, both for the name and affinity of 
 grafting, & becaufe I do not expreffe it in the firft part. All forts of Rofes may be graf- 
 ted (although all forts are not, fome feruing rather for ftockes for others to be grafted 
 on ) as eafily as any other tree,& is only performed, by inoculating in the fame maner I 
 haue fet do wne in the former Chapter of grafting trees in the bud; for both ftocke and 
 budde mail bee dealt with after the fame falhion. And although fome haue boafted of 
 grafting Rofes by dicing or whipping, as they call it, or in the ftocke, after the firft 
 manner, fet downe in the former, Chapter, yet I thinke it rather a braggc, not hauing 
 feene or heard any true effed proceedc from that relation. The fvveete Briar or Eglan- 
 tine, the white and the Damaske Rofes, are the chicfcft ftockes to graft vpon. And if 
 yougraftloweorneare the ground, you may by laying downe that graft within the 
 ground, after it hath bin (hot out well,and of a years growth, by pinning it faft downe 
 with fliort ftickes, a thwart or acroffe, caufethat grafted branch, by taking roote , to 
 f become a naturali Rofe,fuchas the graft was, which being feparated and tranfplantcd 
 after it hath taken root wel,will profper as well as any naturali fucker. And in this ma- 
 ner, by laying downe branphese^t length into the ground, if they be full of fpreading 
 fmall branches , you may incrpafe all forts of Rofes quickly and plentifully ; for they 
 will fhoote forth rootes at the ioynt of euery branch: But as for the manner of grafting 
 white Rofes or Damaske vpon Broome ftalkes orBaibary bufhes, ro caufe them to 
 bring forth double yellow Rofes, or vpon a Willowe, to beare greene Rofes, they 
 are all idle conceits, as impoffible to be effeded, as other things, whereof I haue fpo- 
 ken in the ninth Chapter of my firft part, concerning a Garden of flowers, vnto which 
 I referre you to be fatisfied with the reafons there aliedged. And it is the more need- 
 leffe, becaufe we haue a naturali double yellow Rofe of it owne growing. The fowin» 
 ofthe feedes of Rofes (which arefometimes found vpon moft forts of Rofes, although 
 not euery yeare, and in euerie place) hath bin formerly much vfed; but now the laying 
 downe of the young (hootes is a way for increafe fo much vfed , being fafe and verie 
 fpeedie to take, efpecially for thofc Rofes that are not fo apt to giue fuckers’ that it 
 hath almoft taken quite away the vfe of fowingofthe feedes of Rofes, which yet if 
 anic one bee difpofed to make the triall , they muft gather the feede out of the round 
 heads, from amongft the doune, wherein they lye verie like vnto theberriesof the 
 Eglantine or fweete Briar buffi, and efpecially of thofe Rofes that bee of the more An- 
 gle kindes, which are more apt to giue berries for feed then the more double, although 
 fometimes the double Rofes yeeld the like heads or berries. Their time of fowingw 
 intheendof September (yet fome referue them vntill February) and their manner 
 of nourfing is to bee tranf planted, after the firft or fecondyeares growth, and ten- 
 ded carefully , that while they are young tt^ey be not loft for want of moifture in the 
 dry time of Summer. 
 
 Chap. 
 
f / he ordering of the Orchard. 
 
 54 - 7 ? 
 
 Chap. VI. 
 
 Certaine rules and oh far ait ions in and after grafting, net 
 remembred in the former chapter. 
 
 T He time of fome manners of grafting being not mentioned before , muft here 
 be fpokcn of. For the grafting of all forts of trees in the ftocke, the mod vfuall 
 timeis fromthemiddleof February vntill the middle of March, as the yeare 
 and the countrieis more forward or backward, with vs about London wee neuer pafle 
 midde March : but becaufethe May Cherrie is firft ripe, and therefore ofa very for» 
 ward nature, it doth require to be grafted fomewhat fooner then others. The time of 
 gathering like wife, or cutting your grafts for grafting in the ftocke, is to be obferued, 
 that they bee not long gathered before they bee grafted, for feare of being too dry’ 
 which I commend, howfoeuer diuers fay, if they be long kept they are not the worfc - 
 and therefore if you be forced to haue yourgrafts from farre, or by fome other chance 
 to kcepe them long, be carefull to keepe themmoift, by keeping their ends ft.ucke in 
 moift clay ; but if neare hand, negled no time I fay after the cutting of them for their 
 grafting, but cither the fame, or the next day, or verie fpcedily after, in the meanetime 
 being put into the ground to keepethem frefli. Thegraftstakenfromoldtrees, be- 
 caufe they are ftronger, and fhootc forth fooner , are to bee fooner grafted then thofe 
 that are taken from younger trees: of a good branch may bee made two, andfome- 
 times three grafts fufficient for anie reafonable ftocke. For whipping, the time is 
 fomewhat later then grafting in the ftocke, becaufeit is performed on younger trees, 
 which (as I Laid before) doe not fo early bud or Ihoote forth as the elder. Inarching 
 likewife is performed much about the later end of the grafting time in the ftocke ; for 
 being both kindes thereof they require the fame time of the yeare. The times of’ the 
 other manners of graftings are before exprefled, to bee when they haue (hot forth 
 young branches, from whence your buds rnuft be taken ; and therefore need not here 
 againe to be repeated. Ifa graft in the ftocke doth happen not to fhoote forth when o- 
 thers do(fo as it holdeth green) it may perchance (hoot out a moneth or twoafter,&do 
 well, or elfe after Midfummer, when a fecond time of (hooting, or the after Spring ap» 
 peareth : but liauc an efpcciall care,that you take not fuch a graft that dial haue nothing 
 but buds for flowers vpon it,and not an eye or bud for leaues (which you muft be care^ 
 fullcodiftinguifh) for fuch a graft after it hath (hot out the flowers muft of neceflltje 
 dye, not hailing wherewith to maintaine it felfe. Alfo if your good graft doe midland 
 not take, it doth hazzard your ftocke at the firft time, yet manie ftockes doe recouer to 
 be grafted the fccond time ; but twice to fade is deadly , which is not fo in the inocu- 
 lating of buds in the greene tree : for if you fade therein three, or three times three, yee 
 cuerie wound being (mail , and the tree ftill growing greene , will quickly recouer it, 
 and not be afterwards fecn.Some vfe to graft in the ftocke the fame yeare they remoue 
 the ftockc,to faue time,& a fecond checke by graftingjbut I likebetter both in grafting 
 in the ftocke, and in the bud alfo, that your trees might be planted in the places where 
 you would haue them grovve, for a yeare or two at the lead: before you graft them, that 
 after grafting there (hould be no remouall, I neede not be tedious , nor yet I hope ve- 
 rie follicitous to remember many other triuiall, or at the lead common kno wne things 
 in this matter. Firft, for the time to remoue trees, young or old, grafted or vngrafted, 
 to be from a fortnight after Michaelmas vntill Candlemas, or if neede be, fomewhat 
 after, yet the foonery our remoue is, the better your trees will thriuc . except it be in a 
 very moift ground. For the manner or way to fet them : viz. in the high and dry 
 grounds fet them deeper, both to haue the more moifture, and to be the better defen- 
 ded from windes ; and in the lower and moifter grounds (hallower, and that the earth 
 be mellow, well turned vp, and that the finer earth bee put among the fmallrootes, 
 wherein they may fpread , and afterwards gently troden downe, that no hollowneftc 
 remaine among the rootes: as alfo that after fetting (if the time be not ouermoift) there 
 may be fome water powred to the rootes , to moiften and fallen them the better ; and 
 in the dry time of Summer, after the fecting, let them not want moifture , if you will 
 
 haue 
 
The ordering of the Orchard. 
 
 haue'them thriue and profper ; for the want thereof at that time, hath often killed ma- 
 nic a likely tree. T o flake and fence them alfo if neede bee after they arc new fet, 
 and fo to continue fortwo orthrec yeares after, is verie cxpcdient,left windes or other 
 cafualties fpoileyour paines , and ouerthrow your hopes. And likewife to defend 
 your grafts from birds lighting on them , tobreakeot difplacethem , toftickefome 
 prickcs or fharpe pointed flickes longer then your graft into your clay , that fo they 
 may be a fure defence of it : As alfo to tye fome woollen cloathes about the lower end 
 of your (lockes, or thruft in fome thornes into the ground about the rootes, to defend 
 them from hauing their barkes eaten by Conics , or hurt by fome other noifomever* 
 mine. 
 
 Chap. V II. 
 
 Obfer nations for the dr ef sing end vstU keeping of Trees And An 
 Orchard ingoodorder. 
 
 T Here are two manner of whales to drefle and kcepe trees in good t»rdcr, that 
 they may bee both gracefull and fruitfull ; theone is for wall trees, theo- 
 ther is for ftandards : for as their formes are different, fo is their keeping or 
 ordering. Wall trees , becaufc they are grafted lowc , and that their branches mull 
 be plafht or tackt vnto the wall to fallen them, are tobe fo kept, that all their branches 
 may befufferedtogrowe,thatfhooteforthoneithet fideofthebodic, and led either 
 /dong the wall, or vpright, and one to lappe oucror vnder anotheras is conuenient, 
 and Hill with pceces of lifts, parings of felt, peeces of foft leather, orotherfuch like 
 foft thing compalfmg the armes or branches, fattened with fmall or great nailes, as 
 neede requireth, to the waIs,onely thofe buds or branches are to be nipped or cut off, 
 that fhoot forward, and will not fo handfomely be brought into conformity, as is fit- 
 ting ; yet if the branches growe too thicke,to hinder the good of the reft, or too high 
 for the wall, they may, nay they mutt be cut away or lopped ofT: and if aniedead 
 branchesalfo happen to be on the trees, they muftbe cutaway, thatthe reft may haue 
 the more libertie to thriue. Diuersalfoby carefully nipping away thewafteand fu- 
 perfluous buds, doe keepetheir treesin conformity, without much cutting. The time 
 to pruine or plalb, or tye vp wall trees, is vfually from the fall of the leafe , to the be- 
 ginning of the ycare, when they begin to blolfome, and mod efpecially a little before 
 or after Chriftmas : but in any cafe not too late, for fcareof rubbing off their buds. 
 Some I know doe plafh and tye vp their wall trees after bearing time, while the leaues 
 are greene, and their tcafon is , the buds are not fo cafie or apt to bee rubbed from the 
 branches at that time, as at Chriftmas, when they are more growne: but the leaues 
 mull needes be very cumberfomc, to hinder much both the orderly placing, and clofe 
 fattening of them to thewall. This labour you mull performc eueryyeareinitsdue 
 time; for if you Ihallnegle&andiouerflipit, youlhallhaue much more trouble, to 
 bring them into a fit order againc,then at the firft. Theftandard trees inan Orchard 
 mutt be kept in another order; for whereas the former are differed tofpread at large, 
 thefe mull be pruined both from fuperfluous branches that ouerload the trees, & make 
 them leflc fruitfull , as well as lefle lightly , and the vnder or water boughes likewife, 
 that drawe much nourilhment from the trees , and yet themfelues little the better for 
 it, 1 meane to giue fruit. If therefore your Orchard conliftofyoung trees, with a lit- 
 tle care and paines it may bee kept in that comely order and proportion it was firft dc- 
 ftined vnto ; but if it confift of old growne trees, they will not without a great dealc 
 ofcare and paines be brought into fuch conformitie, as is befitting good and comely 
 trees: for the marke of thofe boughes or branches that are cur off from youngrrees. 
 Will quickly be healed againe , the barkegrowing quickly oucr them , whereby they 
 are not worfe for their cutting; but an old tree if you cutoff abough,youmuft cut it 
 clofe and cleanly, and lay a fearcloth of tallow, waxe , and a little pitch melted toge- 
 ther vpon the place, to keepe off both the winde, funne, andraine, vntill the barke 
 haue coucred it oucr againe: and in this manner you mufl dealc with all fuchfhort 
 ftumps of branches, as arc cither broken (hort off witluhe winde, or by carclefndleor 
 
 want 
 
c / be ordering of the Orchard. 549 
 
 wantof skill, or elfc fuch armes or branches as are broken off clofe,or fliucci from the 
 body of the tree : fortherainc beating and falling into fuch a place, will in (liorttime 
 rotte y owr tree, or put it indanger, befidesthe deformity. Some vfe to fill vp fuch an 
 hole with well tempered clay, and tacke a cloth or a peece of leather ouer it vntill it be 
 recouered, andthisisalfonotamifle. Your young trees, if theyftandin anie good 
 ground , will bee plentifull enough in (hooting forth branches 5 bee carefull therefore 
 if they growe too thickc, that you ptuine away fuch as gtowe too clofe (and will, if 
 they be fuf&red, fpoile one another) as they may be belt (pared, that fo the funr,e,ayre, 
 and raine may haue free accede to all your branches , which will make ehem beare the 
 more plentifully , and ripenthetnthc l'ooner and the more kindly. If anie boughes 
 growe at the toppe too high, cut them alfb away, that your trees may rather fpread 
 then growe too high. And fo likewifc for the vnder boughes, or anie other that by 
 the weight offruit fall or hang downc, cut them off atthehalfe, and they will after- 
 wards rifeand (hoote vpwards. You (hall obferue, that at alltbofe places whereanie 
 branchcshauebeencutaway, the fappe will cuer bee teadieto put forth : iftherefore 
 you would haue no m otc branches rife from that place , rubbe off or nippe off fuch 
 buddes as are not to your miade, when they are new lhor : and thus you may keepyour 
 trees in good order with a little paines, afeoryouhaue thuspruined and drefled them. 
 
 One other thing I would aduertife you of, and that is how to preferue a fainting or de- 
 caying tree which is re adie to perilfi, if it be not gone too farre or part cure, take a good 
 quantitie of oxe or horfe bloud , mire therewith a reafonable quantitie of Iheepe or pi- 
 geons dung, which being laid to the roote, will by the often raiues and much watering 
 recoueritfelfe, if there bee anie po(fibilitiej but this mufl bee done in lanuarie or Fe- 
 bruarie at the furcheft . 
 
 Chap. VIII. 
 
 V inert ft her ebfernothns to be remembred in the welt 
 keeping of on Orebord, 
 
 ‘ '1 
 
 T Here be diuerS other things to be mentioned, whereof care muft be had, either 
 to doc or auoide, which Ithinke fit in this Chapter promifeuoufly to fet downy 
 that there may be nothing wanting to furnifli you with fufficienc knowledge of 
 the care, paines, and cafualtiesthat befall an Orchard : fot it hath many enemies , and 
 euery one laboureth as much as in them lye, to fpoile you of your pleafure, or profit, or 
 both , which muft bee both fpeedily and carefully preuented and helped , and they are 
 thefe : Mode, Caterpillars, Ants, Earwigs, Snailes, Moalcs, and Birds. If Mode begin 
 to ouergrowe your trees, lookc to it betimes, left it make your trees barren : Some vfe to 
 hacke,and cro(Tehacke,or cut the barkeof the bodies of their trees, to caufe it fall a way j 
 but I fearc it may endanger your trees.Others do either rubbe it off with a haire cloth 
 or with a long peece of wood formed like* knife, at the end of a long fticke or pole' 
 which if it bee vfed cauteloufly without hutting the buds, I like better. Caterpillars* 
 fomc fmoake t hem with burning wet ftra we or hay , or fuch like ftuffe vnder the trees - 
 but I doe not greatly like of that way : others cut off the boughes whereon they breed* 
 and tread them vnder their feete, but that will fpoile too manic branches; and fome 
 kill them with their hands : but fome doc vfe a newdeuifed way, that is, a pompe made 
 of latcin or tin, fpout falhion, which being fet in a tubbe of water vnder or neare your 
 trees, they will caufe the water to rife through it with fuch a force, and through the 
 branches, that it will walk them off quickly. TodeftroyAnts,thateaccyour fruitbe- 
 fore and when it is ripe, fome vfe to annoint the bodies of their trees with tarre, that 
 they may not crecpe vp on the branches ; but if that doe not helpe, or you Will not vfc 
 it, you muft be carefull to finde out their hill, and turne it vp , pouring in fealding wa- 
 ter, either in Summer, but efpecially if you can in Winter , and that will furefy deftroy 
 them. I haue fpoken of Eat wigs in thefirft part of this worke, entreating of the annoy- 
 ances of Gillofiowers , and therefore Iicferrc you thereunto : yet one way taorel 
 
 will 
 
55 ° ‘7 he ordering of the Orchard. 
 
 will here relate which forne doe vfc , and that is with hollow cancs of halfeayard 
 long or more, open at both ends for them to creepe in , and ftucke or laid among the 
 branches of your trees, will foonc drawe intothem many Earwigs , whichyoumay 
 foone kill, by knocking the cane a little vpon the ground , and treading on them with 
 yourfoote. Snaiiesmuft be taken with your hands, and that euerie day , cfpcciallyin 
 the morning when they will be creeping abroad. Moalesby running vnder your trees 
 make them lefle fruitful!, and alio put them in danger to be bio wne downe, byl'eauing 
 the ground hollow, that thereby the rootes haue not that ftrength in thegroond, both 
 to flioote and to hold , that otherwife they might haue. Some haue vfed to put Gar- 
 licke, and other fuch like things into their holcs,thinking thereby to driue them Sway, 
 but to no purpofe: others haue tiyedmanie other waiesjbut no way doth auaile anie 
 thing, but killing them either witha Mozlefpade,ora'rrappcmadeforthc purpofe as 
 manie doe know: and they muft bee watched at their principali hill, and trenched 
 round, and fo to be caught. Birds are another cneinic.both to your trees and fruits 
 forthe Bullfinch will deftroy aMyourftonc fruit in the baddc, before they flower if 
 youfuffer them, and Crowes, &c. when your Cheariesare ripe: for the fmaller birds 
 Lime twigs fet either neare.your trees, or -^tthe. nfwt, water where they drinke , will 
 helpe to catch them and deftroy thema Andfor the greater birds, aftonebowe a 
 bifding or fowling peeco will helpe to leffcn their number, and make the reft mord 
 quiet : or a mill with a clacke to fearrq them away, Untill your fruit begathercd.Some 
 other annoyances thereare* asfuckersthat rifefromtherootesofyour trees, which 
 muft be taken away euerie ycare, and ncif differed to.gio we anie thing great, for fearc 
 of robbing your trees ohhciriiuclihoo'd. Barkebound,is whenarree doth not fliooto 
 andencreafc, by reafon the barke is as it were drie, and willnotfuffer thefappe to 
 pafte vnto the branches : take a knife therefore, and flit the barke downe ahnoft 
 all the length of the tree in two or three places, and it will remedy that euill,and 
 the tree will thriue and come forward the better after. Barke pilled is another euill 
 that happeneth to fome trees , as Well young as old , either by reafon of cafuall hurts 
 or by the gnawing of beafts, fiowfoeperitbee, if it bee anie great hurt, lay a plai- 
 ftcr thereon made of tallow, tarre, and a little pitch, and binde it thereto, Iettin°it 
 fo abide vntillrhe wound bee healed : yet fome doe only apply alittle clay orloame 
 bound on with ropes of hay. The Canker is a (hrewd difeafe when it happeneth to a 
 tree 5 for it will eate the barke round, and fo kill the very heart in a littlefpace. It muft 
 be looked vnto in time before it hath runne too farre • mod men doe wholly cut a way 
 as much as is fretted with the Canker, and thendrefleit, or wet it with vinegar or 
 Cowes piffc, or Cowes dung andvrine, &c. yntill it be deftroyed, and after healed 
 againe withy our falue before appointed. There are yet fome other enemies to an Or- 
 chard : for ifyour fencebenotofbrickeorftone,but either a mudde waller a quicke 
 fet or dead hedge, then looke to it the more carefully , and preuent the comming in of 
 either horfe, or kine, flieepe, goates, or deere, hare , or conic ; for fome of them will 
 breake through or ouer to barke your trees, and the Ieaft hole almoft in the hedge will 
 giue admittance to hares and conies to doc the like. To preuent all which, your care 
 muft be continuall to watch them or auoide them, and to ftoppe vp their entrance. A 
 dogge is a goad feruant for many fuch purpofes, and fo is a ftone bowe, and a peec'e to 
 make vfeofasoccafion (hall feruc. But if you will take that medicine for a Canker 
 fpoken of before, which is Cowes dung and vrine mixed together, and with a brufh 
 waih your trees often to a reafonablc height , will keepe hares and conics from eating 
 or barking your trees. Great and cold windes doe often makea great fpoilein an Or- 
 chard, but great trees planted without the compaflethereof, as Wall-nuts, Oakes 
 Elmes, Alhes, andthelike, will ftand it in great ftead, to defend it both early and late! 
 Thushauelfliewedyoumoft oftheeuils that may happen to an Orchard, and the 
 meanes to helpe them, and bccaufe the number is greatand daily growing, thecare 
 and paines muft be continual!, the more earned and diligent, left you lofe that in a 
 moment that hath been growing many yearesj or at the lead the profit or beauty of 
 fome yeafes fruit. 
 
 Ch A p. 
 
The ordering of the Orchard. 
 
 551 
 
 Chap. IX. 
 
 The manner and way how to ylant, order, and keefe other trees that 
 beare greene leaues continually. 
 
 T He way to order thofe trees that beare their leaues greene continually, is dif- 
 fering from all others that doe not fo : forneyther are they to bee planted or 
 remoued at the time that all other trees are fet, nor doe they require that man- 
 ner of drclfing, pruining and keeping, that others doc. And although many ignorant 
 perfons and Gardiners doe remoue Bay trees, and are folikewifeperfwaded that all 
 other trees of that nature, thatis, that carry their greene leaues continually, may 
 bee remoued in Autumne or Winter, as well as all other trees may bee ; yet it 
 is certaine it is a great chance if they doe thriue and profper that3te fet at that 
 time, or rather it is found by experience, ‘ that fcarce one of ten profpereth well that 
 are fo ordered. Nowin regard that there be diuers trees and fhrubs mentioned here in 
 this bookethat beare euer greene leaues, wherein there is very great beauty, and many 
 take pleafure in them • as the ordinary Bay, the RofeBay, and the Cherry Bay trees, 
 the Indian Figge, the Cyprdfc,the Pinetree,the Mirtle and dwarfe Boxe, and many 
 others ; I will here fhew you howto plant and orderthern, as is fitted for them. For 
 in that they doe not (lied theirgreene leaues in winter as other trees doe, you may in 
 reafon be perfwaded that they are of another nature ; and fo they are indeede: for lee- 
 ing they all grow naturally in warme Countries, and are from thence brought vnto vs, 
 ■we mud both plant them in a warmer place,and tranfplant them in a warmer rime then 
 other trees be, or elfc it is a great hazzard if they doe not perifh and dye, the cold and 
 frods in the winter being able to pierce them through, if they fhould bee tranfplanted 
 in winter, before they hauc taken raotc. You muftobferueandtakethis therefore for 
 a certaine rule, that you al waies remoue fuch trees or (hrubbes as are euer greene in the 
 fpringoftheyeare,andatnotimeelfeif you will doe well, thatis, fromtheendof 
 March, or beginning of Aprill, vnto the middle or end of May, efpecially your more 
 dainty and tender plants, fhadowing them alfo for a while from the heate of the Sun, 
 and giuing them a little water vpon their planting or tranfplanting ; but fuch water as 
 hath not prefently been drawn from a Well or Pumpc,for that will go neer to kill any 
 plant, but fuch water as hath (food in theopen ayre for a day at the lead, if not two or 
 three. Yet for dwarfe Boxe I confeffe it may endure one moneth to be earlier planted 
 then the red, becaufe it is both a more hardy and lowe plant, and thereby not fo much 
 fubiedt to the extremitie of thccolde : but if you fhould plant it before winter, the 
 frods would raife it out of the ground, becaufe it cannot fo foone at that time of the 
 y care take roote, aud thereby put it in danger tobelod. Moreouer all of them will 
 not abidethe extremitie of our winter frods, and therefore you mud of neceffity houfe 
 fomeof them, as the Rofe Bay, Mirtle, and fome others, but the other forts being fet 
 where they may bee fomewhat defended from the coldwindes, frodes, and fnow in 
 winter, with fome couering or flrelter for the time, will reafonably well endure and 
 beare their fruit, or the mod of them. If any bedefiroustobefurnifhedwithdoreof 
 t hefe kinds of trees that will be nourfed vp in ourCountry,he may by fowing the feed 
 of them in fquare or long woodden boxes or cheds made for that purpofe,gaine plenty 
 of them : butheemudbecarefull tocouerthem in winter with fome draw or fearne, 
 or bcane hame, or fuch like thing layd vpon erode dicks to beare it vp from the plants, 
 and afrer two or three yearesthattheyaregrowne fomewhat great and drong, they 
 may bee tranfplanted into fuch places you meane they fhall abide : yet it is not amide 
 to defend them the fird yeare after they are tranfplanted, for their more fecuritie : the 
 feedes that arc mod vfuallyfowen with vs, are, the Cyprede tree, thePinctrec, the 
 Baye,the Pyracancha or prickly Corall tree, and the Mirtle : theRofe Bay I haue had 
 alforifen from the feedethat was frefh,and brought me from Spaine.ButasforOrenge 
 trees, becaufe they are fo hardly preferued in this our cold climate (vnled'eit bee with 
 fome that doe bedo w the houfing of them, befidcs a great dealc more of care and re- 
 fpedt vnto them; from thebitternefle of our cold long winter weather (although theit 
 
 kernels 
 
5 52 - The ordering of the Orchard. 
 
 kernels being put into thegroundin the Spring or Summer, and if care bee.had of 
 them and conuement keeping, will abide, and by grafting the good finite on the crab 
 ftocke they may bee in time nurfed vp) I doe not makeany other cfpcciall account of 
 them,nor giue you any further relation of their ordering. Now fortheordcrin^of 
 thefe trees after they are eyther planted of young fets, or tranfplanted from the Kcdc 
 it is thus : Firft for Bayticcs, the moft vfuall way is to let them grow vphi^hto bcc 
 trees, and many plant them ontheNorthorEaftfidcoftheirhoufcsthatthey’may hoc 
 
 beefcorched with the Sunne, but the bitter winters which we often haue, doe pinch 
 them lhrcwdly, infomuch that it killeth euen well growne trees fometimes downe to 
 the roote : but fome doe make a hedge of them being planted in order, and keep them 
 low by lopping ofthem continually, w hich will make them bufh and fpread The Cv- 
 preffe tree is neuer lopped, but fufferedtogrow with all the branches from a footea- 
 bouc theground, if it may be,ftraight vpright 5 for that is his natiue grace and greate ft 
 beautic, and therefore the more branches doc dye that they muft bee cut away the 
 more you deforme his propertic. The Pine tree may be vfed in the fame manner ’ buc 
 yet it wil better endure to fuftairie pruiriing then the Cyprefle, without any fuch defor- 
 mme. The Laurocerafus or Cherry Bay may be diuerfly formed, that is, it may be ei- 
 ther made to grow into a tall tree by fhreddingftill away the vnder branches ordfe 
 by fuffering all the branches to grow to be a low or hedge bulb, & both by the fuckers 
 and by laying downe the lower branches into the earth, you may foonc haue much 
 mereafe ; but this way will caufe it to bee the longer before it beare anic fruit The 
 Rofe Baye will vene hardlie bee encreafed either by fuckers or by layers, but muft bee 
 Offered to grow without lopping, topping or cutting. The Pyracantha orPrickly 
 Coral tree may bee made togrow into areafonable tall tree by fhreddingaway the 
 lower branches, or it may be fuffered to grow loweinto an hedge bulk by fuffering all 
 the branches to grow continually, you may alfo propagate it by the fuckers, or by lav- 
 ing downe the lower branches. The Myrtle of allfoitsabideth a low bufli fpreading 
 his blanches full of fweetclcaues and Bowers, Without anie great encreafe of itfelfe 
 yet fometimes it giueth fuckers or fhootes from the rootes : but for the more fpeedie 
 propagating ofthem, fome doe put the cuttings ofthem into the earth, and thereby in- 
 crcafe them. There arc fome othertrees that arenot ofany great refpedf, asthe Yew 
 tree, and the Savine bulh, both which may be encreafed by the cuttings, and therefore 
 I need not make any further relation or amplification ofthem, and to fay thus much of 
 them all, is ( I thinke) fufncient for this Worke. 
 
 Chap. Xj 
 
 The ordering, curing, and prepagiting Vines of all forts. 
 
 I N moft places ofthiscountric there is fmallcare or paines taken about the orde- 
 rs ofVines : it fufficethforthe moft part with them that haue anic, tomakea 
 frame for itto fpread vponaboue a mans height, ortotacke it toa wall or win- 
 dow, &c. and fo to let it hangdoNme with the branches and fruit, vntill the weight 
 thereof, and the force ofwindcs doe tcare it downe oftentimes, and fpoile the grapes : 
 and this way doth fomewhat referable that courfe that the Vineyard keepers obferue 
 in the hot countries of Syria, Spaine, and Italy, and in the furtheft parts of France as I 
 hear likewife : for in moft of thefe hot countries theyvfeto plant an Oliuebetwecne 
 two Vines, and let them runne thereupon. But manie of the other parts of France, &c. 
 doe not fuffer anic trees to growc among their Vines ; and therefore they plant them 
 thicke, and pruinc them much and often ^ and kcepc them lowe in comparifon of the 
 other way, fattening them topearchesor poles to hold them vp. And according to 
 that falhionmany haueaduenturedto make Vineyards in England, not ondy in thefe 
 later daies.but in ancient times, as may wel witnefte the fundrie places in this Land,en- 
 titulcd by the name of Vineyards ; and I haue read^hatinanieMonafteriesinrhisKin-r. 
 dome hauing Vineyards, had as much wine made therefrom, as fufficed their couents 
 yeare by years : but long fince they haue been deftroyed , and the knowledge how to 
 order a Vineyard is alfo vtcerly perilhed with them. For although diuers , both No- 
 bles 
 
c j Che ordering of the Orchard, 
 
 
 blesand Gentlemen , haue in thefe later times endcauoured to plant and make Vine- 
 yards, and to that purpofc haue caufed French men, being skilful! in keeping and dre£ 
 fing of Vines, to be brought ouer to performc it , yet either thcirskill failed them , of 
 their Vines were not good, or (the moft likely) thefoile was not fitting ; for they could 
 neuer make anie wine that was worth the drinking, being (o fmall and heartMe , that 
 they foone gaue oucr their praefice. Andindeede the foile isamaine matterro bee 
 chiefly considered to feate a Vineyard vpon: for euenin France 'and other hot coun- 
 tries, according to the nature ofthe foile, fo is the rellifh, ft length , and durability of 
 the wine.Now although I think it a fruitleffe labour for any man to ftriuein thefe daies 
 to makca good Vineyard in England, in regard not only of the want of knowledge, to 
 make choifc ofthe fitteft ground for fuch Vines asyou would plant therupon,but alfo 
 of the true maner of ordering them in our countryjbut moft chiefly fraboueafl others, 
 that our years inthefe times do not fal out to be fo kindly and hot, to ripen the grapes* 
 to make anie good wine as formerly they haue done 5 yet I thinke it not amifl'e, to giue 
 you inftruftions how to order fuch Vines as you may nourfevp for the pleafure of the 
 fruit, to eatc the grapes being ripe, or to preferue and keepe them to bee eaten almoft 
 all the winter following : And this may be done without any great or extraordinarie 
 paines. Some doe make a Iowe wall, and plant their V ines againft it, and keepe them 
 much about the height thereof, not fuffering them to rife much higher : but if the 
 highbrickeorftonewalsof your Garden or Orchard haue buctreffes thereat orif 
 you caufe fuch to bee made, that they bee fomewhar broade forwards, youmaythe 
 more conueniently plant Vines of diuers forts at them, and by flicking down a couple 
 of good ftakes at euery buttretfc,ofeight or ten foot high aboue ground, tacking a few 
 lathes acroffe vpon thofe ftakes, you may therunro ty e y our Vines, & carry them ther- 
 on at y our pleafure : but you muft be carefull to cut them euery year, but not too late, 
 and fo keepe them downe, and from farre fpreading, that they neuer runne much be- 
 yond the frame which you fet at the buttrefles : as alfo in your cutting you neuer leaue 
 too many ioynts, nor yet too few, but at the third or fourth ioint at the moft cut them 
 off. I doe aduife you to thefe frames made with ftakes and lathes, for the better ripe- 
 ning of your grapes : for in the blooming time, if the branches of your vines bee too 
 nearethewall,therefle&ionof the Sunne in the day time, andthccolde in the night, 
 doe oftentimes fpoile a great deale of fruit, by piercing and withering the tender foot- 
 ftalkes of the grapes, before they arc formed, whereas when the bloflomcs are paft,and 
 the fruit growing of fome bigne ffc, then all the hcate and reflexion you can giuc them 
 is fit, and therefore cut away fome of the branches with the lcaucs, to admit the more 
 Sunneto ripen the fruit. Forthediuers forts of grapes I haue fet them downe in the 
 Eooke following, with briefe notes vpon euerie of them, whether white or blacke, 
 fmall or great, early or late ripejfo that I needenot here make the fame relation again* 
 There doth happen fome difeafes toVines fometimes, which that you may helpe, I 
 thinke it conuenient to informe you what they are, and howto remedy them when 
 you (hall be troubled with any fuch. Thefii ft is a luxurious fpreading of branches and 
 but little or no fruit : for remedie whereof, cut the branches fomewhat more neere 
 then vfuall, and bare the rootc, but take heed of wounding or hurting it, and in the 
 holeput either fome good old rotten ftabledung of Horfes, or clfefome Oxeblood 
 new taken from the beafts, and that in the middle of Ianuarie or beginning of Febru- 
 arie, which being well tempered and turned in withtheearth,!eritfo abide, which 
 
 no doubt, when the comfort of theblood or dung is well foaked to the bottomeby the 
 rainesthat fall thereon, will caufe your Vine tofruiftificagainc. Another faultis, when 
 a Vine doth not bring the fruit to ripenefle, but either it withereth before it be growne 
 of any bigneffc, or prefently after the blooming : the place or the earth where fuch 
 a Vincftandeth,aflurcd!y is toocold, and thcreforeif the fault bee not in theplace, 
 which cannot bee helped without remouing to a better, digge out a good quantity of 
 that earth, and put into the place thereof fome good frefti ground wellheartned with 
 dung, and fome fand mixed therewith (but not fait or fait water, as fome doe aduife, 
 nor yet vrine,as others would haue) and this will hearten and ftrengthen your Vine to 
 beare out the frut vnto maturitie. Whentheleauesof aVine intheendof Suramef 
 or in Autumne, vntimely doe turne either yellow or red, it is a great fignelfte earth is 
 
 A as re® 
 
554 . The ordering of the Orchard. 
 
 too hot and drie ; you muff therefore in dead of dung and fand, as in the former dc- 
 fedi Is Taid, put in fome frefh loarne orfhortclay, well mixed together with fome of 
 the earth, and fo let them abide, that the frofts may mellow them. And ladly, a Vine 
 fometimes beareth fome (lore of grapes, but they are too many for it to bring to ripe- 
 neffe ; you (liall therefore helpefuch a Vine (which no doubt is of fome excellent 
 kinde, for they are mod; vfually fubiedt to this fault) by nipping away the blodomes 
 from the branches, and leauing but one or two bunches at the mod vpon a branch, vn- 
 till the Vine be gro wne older, and thereby dronger, and by this meane inured to bea re 
 out all the grapes to ripeneffe. Thefe be all the difeafes I know doe happen to Vines : 
 for the bleeding of a Vine it feldome happeneth of itfelfe, but commeth either by 
 cutting it vneimely, that is, too late in the yeare, (Tor after Ianuarie,if you will be well 
 aduifed, cut not any Vine) or by fome cafuall or wilfull breaking of anarmeora 
 branch. This bleeding in fome is vnto death, in others it daycth after a ccrtaincfpace 
 of it felfe : To helpc this inconuenience,fomehaue feared the place where it blcedeth 
 with an hot iron, which in many haue done but a little good ■ others haue bound the 
 barke clofe with packe-thred to day it • and fome haue tied ouer the place, being fird 
 dried as well as may bee, aplaidermade with waxeroffen and turpentine whileit is 
 warme. How forthe propagating of them : Y ou mud take the faired and goaled fhot 
 branches of one yearcs growth, and cut them off with a peece of the old wood vntoit, 
 and thefe being put into the ground beforetheendof Ianuarieatthefurthed, will 
 flioote forth, and take roote, and fo become Vines of the fame kinde from whence 
 you tooke them. This is the mod fpeedy way to haue increafe : for the laying downe 
 of branches to take roote, doth not yeelde luch dore fo plentifully, nor doe fuckers 
 rife from the rootes fo aboundantly - 3 yet both thefe waies doe yeelde Vines, that be- 
 ing taken from the old dockes will become young plants, fit to bee difpofed of as any 
 fhall thinkc meete. 
 
 Chap. XI. 
 
 The way to order and preferue grapes, fit to he eaten almost all the winter 
 long, and fometimes vnto the Spring. 
 
 A Lthough it bee common andvfuall in the parts beyond the Sea to dry their 
 grapes in the Sunne, thereby to preferue them all the year, as the Raifins ofthe 
 Sunncare, which cannatbeedoneinourCountrie for the want of fufficient 
 heatc thereof at that time : or otherwife to feald them in hot water (as I heare) and 
 afterwards to dry them, and fo keepe them all the yeare, as our Malaga Raifins arc pre- 
 pared that are packed vp into Frayles : yet I doe intend to fhew you fome other waies 
 to preferue the grapes of our Countrie frefh,that they may be eaten in the winter both 
 before and after Chridmas with as much delight and pleafurealrnod, as when they 
 were new gathered. One way is, when you haue gathered your grapes you intend to 
 keepe,which mud be in a dry time, and that all the dirunke, dried, or euill grapes in e- 
 uery bunch be picked away, and hauing prouided a veffcll to hold them, be it of wood 
 or done which you will, and a futficient quantitie of faire and cleane drie fand ; make 
 fir at u>n fuper flratum of your grapes and the fand, that is, a lay of fand in the bottome 
 fird,andalay of grapes vpon them, andaky ordrowingagaineof fandvponthofe 
 grapes, fo that the fand may couereuery lay of grapes a fingers breadth in thicknefTe, 
 which being done one vpon another vntill the veffell be full, anda lay of fand vpper- 
 mod, let the veffell be dopped clofe, and fet by vntill you pleafe to fpend them, being 
 kept in fome drie place and in no feliar : let them bee wafhed cleane in faire water to 
 take away the fand from fo many you will fpend at a time. Another way is (which Ca- 
 merarius fetteth downe he was informed the Turkes vfe to keepe grapes ail the winter 
 vnto the next dimmer) to take fo much meale of Mudard feede, as will ferue to dro w 
 vpon grapes, vntill they haue filled their veffels, whereon afterwards they poure new 
 wine before it hath boiled,to fill vp their veffels ther with, and being dopped vp clofe, 
 fhey keepe thema certaine time, and felling them with their liquour to them that will 
 
 vie 
 
c £be ordering of the Orchard. 
 
 515 
 
 vfe them, they doe wa(h thcfeedes or meale from them when they vfe them. Another 
 way is, that hauing gathered the faireft ripe grapes, they are to be caft vpon thrcdsor 
 firings that are fattened at both ends to the fide walks of a chamber,neere vnto the fee- 
 ling thereof, that no one bunch touch another, which will bee fo kept a great while , 
 yet the chamber mutt be well defended from the f tofts, and cold windes that pierce in 
 at the windowes, left they perifh the fooner : and fome will dippe the ends of the 
 branches they hang vp firft in molten pitch, thinking by fearing vp the ends to kcepe 
 the bunches the better ; but I doe not fee any great likelihood therein. Your chamber 
 or clofetyou appoint out for this purpofc muft alfo bee kept fomewhat warme, but e- 
 fpecially in the more cold and froftie time of the yeare, left it fpoile all your coft and 
 paines, and fruftrate you of all your hopes : but although the frofts fliould pierce and 
 fpoile fome of the grapes on a bunch, yet it you be carefull to keepe the place warme, 
 the fewer will be fpoiled. And thus haue 1 (hewed you thebeft directions to order this 
 Orchard rightly, and all the waies I know are vfed in ourCountrie to keep grapes good 
 anie long time after the gathering, in regard wee haue not that comfort of a hotter Sun 
 to preferue them by its heate. 
 
 The fruits themfelues (lull follow euetie one in their order j the lower Ihrubbes 01 
 bullies firft, and the greater afterwards. ’» 
 
 Aaa z 
 
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 ■u. £ £ 1 
 
557 
 
 THE THIRD PART 
 
 CALLED 
 
 THE ORCHARD, 
 
 lOntaining allforts oftrees bearing fruit for mans vfe to cate, pro- 
 per and fit for to plant an Orchard in our climate and co'untrie : I 
 bound ic with this limitation, becaufe both Dates, Oliues, and o- 
 other fruits, are planted in the Orchardsof Spaine, Italy, and o- 
 ! ther hot countries, which will not abideinours. Yet hereinlwill 
 j declare whatfoeuer Art, (Iriuing with Nature, can caufe to profper 
 with vs, that whofoeuer will , may fee what can bee effected in our 
 countrie. And firft to begin with the lower fhrubbes or bullies, and after afeendto 
 the higher trees. 
 
 Chap. I. 
 
 * 
 
 Rubus idltHS, Rafpis. 
 
 T He Rafpis berrie is of two forts , white and red , not differing in the formeei- 
 ther of bufh, leafe, or berry, but onely in the colour and tafte of the fruit. T he 
 Rafpis bufli hath tender whitifli ftemmes, with reddifh frnall prickcs like haircs 
 fet round about them, efpecially at the firft when they are young ; but when they grow 
 old they becomemorewooddyandfirme, without any (hewof thornes or prickles 
 vpon them, and hath onely a little hairineflethatcouereth them : theleaues are fome- 
 what rough or rugged, and wrinkled , (landing three or flue vpon a ftalke , fomewhat 
 JikevntoRofes, but greater, and of a grayer grecne colour :the flowers arefmall, 
 made of fine whitifh round leaues, with a dafh as it were of blufli caft ouer them, many 
 {landing together, yet euery one vpon his owne (lalke, at the tops of thebranches ; af- 
 ter which come vp frnall berries, fomewhat bigger then Strawberries , and longer, ei- 
 ther red or white, made of many graines, marc eminent then in the Strawberry , with 
 a kinde of dounineffe caft ouer them, of a pleafant tafte, yet fomewhat fowre, and no- 
 thing fo pleafantasthe Strawberrie. The white Rafpis is a little more pleafant then 
 the red, whereituhere is frnall feedc inclofed : the rootescreepevnder ground veric 
 farre,and (liootc vp againe in many places, much encreafing thereby. 
 
 There is another whofeftemme and branches are wholly without prickles ! the 
 fruit is red, and fomewhat longer, and a little more (harpe. 
 
 The Vfe of Rafpis. 
 
 The leaues of Rafpis may be vfed for want of Bramble leaues in gargles, 
 andotherdccoaions that are cooling and drying, although not fully to 
 that effedf. 
 
 Aaa 3 
 
 The 
 
55 & 
 
 The Orchard. 
 
 The Conferae oc Syrupe made of the berries, is effedluall to code an hoc 
 flomacke, helping to refrefh and quicken vp thofe that are ouercome with 
 faintnefle. 
 
 Theberriesare eaten in the Summertime, as an afternoones dilh , to 
 pleafe therafte of the ficke as well as the found. 
 
 Theiuyceand the diftillcd water of the berries are verie comfortable 
 andcordiall. 
 
 It is generally held of many, but how truel know not, that the red wine 
 that is vfually foldat the Vintners, is made of the berries of Ralpis that 
 grow in colder countries, which giueth itakindeof harfhneffe : Andalfo 
 that of the fame berries growing in hotter climates, which giueth vnto the 
 wine a more pleafant fweetneffe, is made that wine which the Vintners call 
 Alligant: butwehauea Vine or Grape come to vs vnderthenameof the 
 Alligant Grape, asyou (hall finde it fet downe hereafter among the Grapes; 
 and therefore it is likely to be but an opinion, and no truth in this, as it may 
 be alfo in the other. 
 
 Ch ap. II. 
 
 Ribes ru^a, alba, nigra. Currans red, white, and blacke. 
 
 T He bulhes that beare thofe berries, which arevfually called red Currans, are 
 not thofe Currans either blew or red, that are fold at the Grocers, nor any kind 
 thereof; for that they are the grapes ofacertaine Vine, as lhallbe (hewed by 
 and by : but a farre differing kinde of berry, whereof there are three forts, red, white, 
 and blacke. 
 
 The red Curran bu(h is of two forts, and groweth to the height of a man, hauing 
 fometimes a ftemme of two inches thickne(Te,and diuers armes and branches, couercd 
 with a fmooth, darke, brownilh barke , without anie pricke or thornc at all vpon anie 
 part thereof, whereon doe growe large cornered blackifhgreeneleaues,cutinonthe 
 edges, feeming to be made of flue parts, almoft like a Vine leafe, the ends a little poin- 
 ting out, and (landing one aboue another on both fides ofthebranches :thc flowers 
 are little and hollow, comming forth at the ioynts of the leaues , growing many toge- 
 ther on a long flalke, hanging downe aboue a fingers length, and of an herbie colour : 
 after which come fmall round fruit or berries, grecne at the firft , and red as a Cherry 
 when they are ripe, of a pleafant and tare tafte : the other differeth not in anie other 
 thing then in the berries, being twice as bigge as the former : the roore is wooddy,and 
 fpreadeth diuerfly. 
 
 The white Curran bufli rifeth vfually both higher then the red, and ftraightcror 
 more vpright, bigger alfo in the ftemme, and coueredwitha whiter barke : the leaues 
 arecornered, fomewhat like the former, but not fo large : the flowersarc fmalland 
 hollow like the other, hanging downe in the fame manner on long ftalkes, being of a 
 whiter colour : theberries likewife growe on the longftalkes, fomewhat thicker fetto- 
 gether, and ofacleare white colour, with a little blacke head, fo tranfparent that the 
 feedes may be eafily feene thorough them, and of a more pleafant winie tafte then the 
 red by much. 
 
 The blacke Curran bu(h rifeth higher then the white, with more plentifull bran- 
 ches, and more pliant and t wiggic : the ftemme and the elder branches being couered 
 with abrownifh barke, and the younger with a paler : the flowers arc alfo like vnto lit- 
 tle bottles as the others be, of a grecnifh purple colour, whichturnc intoblackeber- 
 ries.ofthebigneffeofthefmallcrred Currans : the leaues are fomewhat like vnto the 
 leaues of the red Currans, but not fo large : both branches, leaues, and fruit hauca kind 
 of (linking fent with them, yet they are not vn'wholfome, but the berries ate eaten of 
 many, without offending either tafte or fmell. 
 
 The Vfe of Currans. 
 
 The red Currans are vfually eaten when they are ripe, as a refrelhing to an 
 
 hot 
 
The Orchard. 
 
 5 5P 
 
 inbm H*m. The Rafpi»/ » 
 
5 6° *1 he Orchard. 
 
 hot ftomacke in the heatcof theyeare, which by the tartnefleis much de- 
 lighted. Some preferue them, and conferue them alio as other fruits and 
 fpendthemat neede. 
 
 The white Currans, by reafon of the more pleafant winie Caffe, are more 
 accepted and dehred, as alfo becaufe they are more daintie, and leffc com- 
 mon. 
 
 Some vfc both the leaues and berries of the blacfce Currans in fawces,and 
 other meates, and are 'veil pleafedboth with the lauour and tafte thereof 
 although many miflike it. 
 
 Chap. III. 
 
 Vvt Crift&fiue CroJfuUr'u. Goofebcrries or Feaberries. 
 
 W Ee haue diuers forts of Goofeberries, befides the common kinde, which 
 is or three forts, fmall, great, and long. For wee haue three red Goofe- 
 berrics, a blew and a grecne. 
 
 The common Goofeberrie, or Feaberriebufli, as it is called in diuers Countries of 
 England,hath oftentimes a great ftemmejcoucrcd with a fmoot h darke coloured bark 
 without ante thorne thereon, butthe elder branches haue here and there fome on 
 them and the younger are whitifh, armed with verie (harpeand cruell crooked thorns 
 which no mans hand can well auoide that doth handle them, whereon are fet verie 
 greene and fmal cornered leaues cut in, of thefafhionahnoftofSraallage, or Haw- 
 thorne leaues, but broad at the ftalke s the flowers come forth f?ngle,at cuerieioy nt of 
 theleafeoneortwo, of a purplifh greene colour, hollowand turningvp the brims 
 a little: the berries follow.bearing the flowers on the heads of them,which are of a pale 
 
 greene at the firft, and of a grecnifli yellow colour when they are ripe,flripcd in diuers 
 
 places, and cleare, almoft tranfparent, in which the feede lyeth. In fome thefe berries 
 are fmall and round ; in others much greater 5 a third is great, but longer then theo- 
 ther :allof them haue a pleafant w.n.e tafte, acceptable to the ftomacke of anie (but 
 the long Kinde hath both the thicker skin, and the worfer tafte of the other) and none 
 haue been diftempered by thceating of them, that euer I could heare of. 
 
 Thenrft of the red Goofeberries is better knowne I thinke then the reft, andby 
 reafon of the fmall bearing not much regarded , theftemme is fomewhat bigec and 
 coueredwith afmooth darke coloured barke, the younger branches are whiter and 
 without ante thorne or pneke at all , fo long, weake, fmall, and (lender , that they 1 vc 
 vponthe ground, and will there roote againe.-the leaues are likevnto the former 
 Goofeberries, but larger : the flowers and berries ftand (ingle, and not manietobee 
 found ante yeare vpon them, but are fomewhat long , and are as great as the ordinarie 
 Goofeberry, of a darke browmlh red colour,almoft blackifh when they are ripe and 
 of a fwcetifh rafte, but without any great delight. J v 5 
 
 The fecond red Goofeberry rilerh vp with a more ftraight ftemme, couered with a 
 browmlh barke , theyoung branches arc ftraight likewife, and whitilh, and grow not 
 lo thicke vpon it as thefonner red kinde, and without any thorne alfo vpon them • the 
 leaues a re likevnto the former red, but fmaller : the berries ftand fingly attheleiues 
 as Goofeberr.es doe, and are of a fine red colour when they are ripe, bur change with 
 ftandmg to be of a darker red colour, of thebigneffe of the fmall ordinary Goofc- 
 berry, ofa pretty tart tafte, and fomewhat fweete withall. * 
 
 Thethird red Goofeberry which is rhegreateft, and knowne burvntofew is fa 
 likevnto the common great Goofeberry, that it is hardly diftinguilhed : the fruit or 
 berries grow as plentifully on the branches as the ordinary , and are as great & round 
 asthegrearordinary kmd^butreddi^and fomeofthem paler, with red ftripes 
 The blew Goofeberry rifeth vp to bee a bulb like vnto the red Curran , and of the 
 fame bigneffeand height, with broader and redder leaues at the firft (hooting our then 
 the (econd red Goofeberry : the berries are more (paringly fet on the branches then 
 on the (mall red, and much about the fame bignefle, or rarher lefter, of the colour ofa 
 JLJamtoa, with an ouerfhadowmg of a blewifli colour vponthem, as the Damfon hath 
 before it be handled or wiped away. w ", 
 
 The 
 
The Orchard. 
 
 5<5i 
 
 The greene prickly Goofeberry is very like vnto the ordinary Goofcberry in 
 ftemme and branches , but that they are not ftored with Co many fharpe prickles ; but 
 theyoung fhootes are more plentifull in fmall prickles about, and the greeneleafeisa 
 little fmaller : the flowers are alike, and To are the berries, being of a middle fize , and 
 not very great, greene when they are thorough ripe as well as before, but mellower, 
 and hauing a few fmall fhort prickles, like fmall (hort haires vpon them, which are 
 harmlefle, and without danger to anie the moft dainty and tender palate that is , and 
 of a veriegoodpleafanttafte. The feede hereof hath produced bufhes bearing ber- 
 ries, hauing few or no prickles vpon them. 
 
 The Vfeof Goofeberries. 
 
 The berries of the ordinary Goofeberries, while they are fmall, greene, 
 and hard, are much vfed to bee boy led or fealded to make fawce , both for 
 fifh and flefh of diuers forts, for the ficke fometimes as well as the found, as 
 alfo before they be neere ripe, to bake into tarts, or otherwife, after manie 
 fafhions, as the cunning of the Cooke, orthepleafureof hiscommanders 
 willappoint. Theyarcafitdifh for women with childe to flay their long- 
 ings, and to procure an appetite vnto meate. 
 
 Theotherfortsarenot vfed in Cookery that I know , but ferue to bee 
 eaten at pleafure ; but in regard they are not fo tart before maturity as the 
 former, they are not put to thofe vfes they be. 
 
 Chap. I III. 
 
 Oxy&untha, fei pitim Eerk‘ru. Barberries. 
 
 T He Barberry bulhgrdwcth oftentimes with very high ftemmes, almoft two 
 mens height, but vfually fomewhat lower, with manic Ihootes from the roote, 
 couered with a whitifh rindc or barke,and yellow vnderneath , the wood be- 
 ing white and pithy in the middle : the leaues are fmall,long, and very greene, nicked 
 or finely dented about the edges, with three fmall white lharpe thornes, for the mod 
 part fet together at the fetting on of the leaues : the flowers doe growe vpon long clu- 
 ttering ftalkes, fmall, round, and yellow , fwcete in fmell while they arc frefli , which 
 turnc into fmaII,long, and round berries, white at the fir ft, and very red when they are 
 ripe, ofafharpe fowretafte, fitto fet their teeth on edge that eate them : the roote is 
 yellow, fpreading far vndcr the vpper part of theground, but not very deepe. 
 
 There is (as it is thought) another kindc, whofe berries are thrice as bigge as the 
 former, which I confefle I haue not feene, and know not whether it be true or no : for 
 it may peraduenture be but the fame, the goodnefTe of the ground and ayre where they 
 growe, and the youngnefle of the bulhes caufing that largenefTe, as I haue obferued in 
 the fame kinde, to yeeld greater berries. 
 
 There is faid to be alfo another kinde, whofe berries (hould be without ftones or 
 feede within them, not differing elfc in anie thing from the former : but becaufe I 
 haue long heard of it, and cannot vnderftand by all the inquiric I haue made , that 
 any hath feene fuch a fruit, I reft doubtfull of it. 
 
 T he Vfe of Barberries; 
 
 Some doe vfe the leaues of Barberries in the fteadqf Sorrell, tsmake 
 fawee for meate, and by reafon of their fowrenefle are of the fame quality. 
 
 Theberries are vfed tobe pickled, to ferue totrimme or fet out difhes of 
 fifti and flefh in broth, or otherwife, as alfofometiraetobeeboyledinthc 
 broth, to giue it a fharpe rellifh, and many other wayes, as a Mafter Cooke 
 can better tell then my felfc; 
 
 The 
 
The Orchard. 
 
 5 61 
 
 The berries are preferucd and conferued to giue to ficke bodies, to hclpe 
 to coole any heate in the ftomacke or mouth, and quicken the appetite . 
 
 The depurate iuyce is a fine menftrueto dilfolue many things, and to ve- 
 
 rie good purpofe, if it be cunningly handled by an Artift. 
 
 Theyellow inner batkeof the branches, or of theroores,are vfedtobe 
 boyled in Ale, or other drinkes , to be giuento thofethat haue theyellow 
 iaundife : As alfo for them that haue anie fiuxes of choller,to helpeto ftav 
 and binde. r * 
 
 Clufiusfettethdowneafecretthathee had ofa friend, ofacleane diffe- 
 ring prqpertie , which was, that if the yellow barfee were laid in fteepe in 
 white wine for the; fpace of three houres, and after wards drur.ke it would 
 purge one very wonderfully. 
 
 Chat. V. 
 
 Nhx The Filberd. 
 
 T He Filberd treethat is planted in Orchards, is very like vnto the Hafell nut tree 
 that groweth wilde in the woods, growing vpright, parted into many boughes 
 and tough plyable twigges, without knots, couered with a brownifh, fpeckled 
 fmooth, thinne rmdc ,’and greene vnderneath ; the leaucs are broad, large, wrinkled’ 
 and full of veines, cur in on the edges into deepedents, but not into any gafhes of a 
 darke greene colour on the vpperfi Je, and ofagrayifhafh colour vnderneath : it hath 
 im all and long catkins in ftcad of flowers, that come forth in the Winter, when as they 
 are firme and dofe , and in the Spring open themfelues fomewhatmore, growing 
 longer , and ofa brownifh yellow colour : the nuts come not vpon thofe ftalkes that 
 bore thofe catkins, but by themfelues , and are wholly inclofed in long, thicke, rough 
 huskes, bearded as it were at thevpper ends, or cut into diuers long iagges, much 
 morethenthe wood nut: thenuthathathinne and fomevvhat hard fhell butnotfo 
 thicke and hard as the wood nut, in fomc longer then in other, and in the lone kinde 
 one hath the skinne white that couereth the kernels, and another red. * 
 
 Theie is another fort of the round kinde that came from Conftantinople, whole 
 cl 1 1 m< i r C CUt ’ , tornc ’ or ‘ a gS ec ^5 both aboue and below e, then any of our country - 
 the barke alfo is whiter, and more rugged then ours, and theleaues fomewhat larger/ 
 We haue had from Virginia Hafell nuts, that haue beenefmaller, rounder, browner 
 thinner (held and more pointed at the end then ours : I know not if any hath planted 
 of them, or if they differ in leafe or any thing elfe. 
 
 The Vfe of Filberds. 
 
 Filberds are eaten as the beft kinde of Hafell nuts , at bankets among o- 
 ther dainty fruits, according to the feafonof the yeare, or otherwife as 
 euery one pleafe : But Maccr hath a Verfe, exprefling prettily the nature of 
 thefe nuts, which is. 
 
 Ex minima oacibm milt datur efca falnbris. 
 
 that is , There is no wholfome food ornourifhmcnt had from thefe fmall 
 kinde or nuts. 
 
 Yet they are vfcdfometimephyfically to be rolled, and made into a Lo- 
 hoc or Eleduary , that is vfed for the cough or cold. And it is thought of 
 fome that Mithridates meant the kernels of thefe nuts, to be vfed with Figs 
 and Rue for his Antidote, and not of Walnuts. 
 
 Chap. 
 
The Orchard, 
 
 Chap. VI. 
 vitis. The Vine. 
 
 T Here is fo great diuerfities of Grapes, and fo confequently of Vines that bear 
 them, that I cannot giue you names to all that here grow with vs : forlohn 
 Tradefcantemy verie good friend, fo often before remc-mbred, hath a flu red 
 me, that he hath t wentie forts growing with him, that hee neuer knew how or by what 
 name to call them. One defeription therefore fhall ferue (as I vfe to doe in fuch varie- 
 ties) for all the reft, with the names afterwards, of as many as we can giue, and the fe- 
 uerall formes, colours and proportionsof the grapes. 
 
 The manured Vine, in the places where it hath abiden long time,groweth to haue a 
 great bodie, ftemme or trunke, fometimesof thebignefleof amansarme,flecueand 
 all, fpreading branches if it bee fuffered without end ormeafure, butvfually ftored 
 with many armes or branches, both old and new, but weake, and therefore muft bee 
 fuftained ; whercofthe old are couered with a thin fcaly rinde,which will often chap 
 and peeleoff of itfelfe ; the youngeft being of areddiflicolour,fmoothandfirme, 
 with a hollownefte or pith in the middle : from the ioints of the young branches and 
 iometimes from the bodie of the elder,breake out on euerie fide broadegreeneleaues 
 cut on the edges into fiuc dmifions for the mod part, and befides notched or den- 
 ted about: right againft the leafe, and likewife at other ioynts of the branches, come 
 forth long twining or clafping tendrcls, winding themfelues about any thing ftandeth 
 next vnto them : atthebottomeof thefeleaues come forth clufters of fmall greenilh 
 yellow bloomes or flowers, and after them the berries, growing in the fame manner in 
 clufters, but of diuers formes, coleurs,taftes and greatnefle.For fome grapes are great, 
 others leffe, fome very fmail (as the Currans that the Grocers fell) fome white, fome 
 red, blew, blacke, orpartie-coloured, fomearearc asitwerefquare, others round: 
 fomcthecluftersareclofe, others open, fome are fweetc, others lower or harfh, or of 
 fome other mixed tafte ; euerie one differing from others,verie notably cither in tafte, 
 colour or forme j within euerie one of which grapes, (and yet there is a grape with- 
 out ftones)are contained one,two,or more kernels or ftones, fomeof them being final, 
 others greater : therootesfpreadfaranddeepe. They that keepe their Vines in the 
 beft order, doe cut them low, not fuffering them to grow high, or with too many bran- 
 ches, whereby they grow the better, take vp the iefferroome, and bring their grapes 
 fairer and fweeter. 
 
 The kinds of Vines and Grapes. 
 
 Our ordinarie Grape both white and red, which cxcelleth Crabs for ver- 
 iuice, and is not fit for wine with vs. 
 
 The white Mufcadine Grape is a verie great Grape, fweete and firme, 
 fome of the bunches haue weighed fixe pound, and fome of the grapes 
 halfean ounce. 
 
 The redde Mufcadine is as great as the white, and chiefly differeth in co- 
 lour. 
 
 The Burlet isa very great white Grape, but fitter for veriuice then wine 
 for the moft part ; yecwhenahotyearehappenechfitforir, the Grape is 
 pleafant. 
 
 The little blacke Grape tharis ripe very early. 
 
 The Raifin of the Sunne Grape is a very great Grape, and very great clu- 
 fters, of a reddifh colour when it is ripe with vs, yet in an extraordinarie 
 hot yeare,it hath got a little blewneffe caft ouer it by the heat: but naturally 
 verie blew. 
 
 The Curran Grape (or the Grape of Corinth) is the leaft Grape of all, 
 and beareth both few, and verie feldome with vs, but in reafonable great 
 clufters, and of a blackilh blew colour,when they are ripe with vs, and very 
 
 fweet 
 
C I he Orchard. 
 
 fweete. There is another fort of them that are red or browne,and of a fow- 
 ertafte, nothing fo fweete. 
 
 The Greeke wine Grape is a blackifh Grape, and very fweete. 
 
 The Frontignack is a w hite Grape, of a verie fweete and delicate tafte, as 
 the wine declarcth, that finelleth as it were of Muske. 
 
 The fquare Grape is reported to bear a Grape not fully round, but fided, 
 or as it were fquare, whereby it became fo called. 
 
 The Damafco Grape isa great white grape, very fweete, and is the true 
 Vvt ZibcbtfhiX. the Apothecaries (hould vfein the Tmcbi/ci ci[>htrmd fuch 
 weehauehad in former times come ouervnto vs in great, long and round 
 white boxes, containing halfe an hundred weight a pcece. 
 
 The Ruffet Grape is a reafonable faire grape, exceeding fweet and whi- 
 tilh, with athickeskinne,crufted ouerwithalhcwof alh colour. 
 
 The white long Grape is like vnto a Pigeons egge, or as it were pointed 
 pendent like a Pearle. 
 
 The partie- coloured Grape is areafonable great Grape, and difcoloured 
 when it is ripe, fometimes the whole bunches, and fometimes but fome of 
 the grapes being parted whitifh, and blacke halfe through, verie variably. 
 
 TheRhenilh wine Grape isa white Grape,andendureththccold of win- 
 ter when it commeth earely, more thenthe Mufcadine before fet downe 
 and is nothing fo fweete. 
 
 T he White wine Grape is verie like vnto the Rhine Grape, the foile only 
 and climate adding more fweetnefle vnto the one then to the other. 
 
 1 he Claret wine Grape is altogether like thewhite Grape, butthatitis 
 not white, but of a reddifh colour, which lying bruifedvpon the skins be- 
 fore they are prefled, giuc that Claret tindfure to the wine. 
 
 The Teintisa Grape of a deeper or darker colour, whofeiuiceisof fo 
 deepe a colour, that it ferueth to colour other wine. 
 
 The Burfarobe is a faire fweete white Grape of much efteeme about 
 Paris. 
 
 The Alligant is a verie fweeteGrape,giuing fodeep and liuely a coloured 
 red wine, that no other whatfoeuer is comparable to it, and therfore vfually 
 called Spaniards blood.' 
 
 The blew or blacke Grape of Orleans is another blacke Grape, giuing a 
 darke coloured fweete wine much commended in thofe parts. 
 
 The Grape without ftones is alfo a kinde by it felfe,andgrowcth natural- 
 ly neere Afcalon, as Brochard affirmeth, the wine whereof is redde, and 
 of a good tafte. 
 
 The Virginia Vine, whereof I muftoeedes make mention among other 
 Vines, bearethfmall Grapes without any great ftorc of iuice therein, and 
 the ftone within it bigger then in any other Grape : naturally it runneth on 
 thcground,andbearcth little. 
 
 The V fe of Vines, Grapes, and other parts that come of them. 
 
 The greene leauesof the Vine are cooling and binding, and therefore 
 good to put among other herbes that make gargles and lotions for fore 
 mouthes. 
 
 And alfo to put into the broths and drinke of thofe that hauehot burning 
 feauers,orany otherinflammation. ° 
 
 They ftay (as it is held for true)wcmens longings, if they be either taken 
 inwardly,orapplyed outwardly. 
 
 Wine is vfually taken both for drinke and medicine, and is often put 
 intofavvccs, broths, cawdles, and gellies that are giuen to the ficke. As al- 
 fo into diuers Phyficall drinkes,to beas a vehuuUm for the properriesof the 
 ingredients. 
 
 Icis diftillcd likewife after diners manners, with diuers things, for diuers 
 & fundry waters codrinkc,& for diuers purpofes bothinward and outward. 
 
 As 
 
5<56 
 
 ‘ The Orchard. 
 
 Alfodiftilledofit felfe, is called S piric of wine, which ferueth to diflolue, 
 and to draw out the tintture of diucrs things, and for many other purpofes. 
 
 Theiuiceorveriuicethatismadeof grcene hard grapes, before they be 
 ripe,is vfed of the Apothecaries to be made into a Syrupe,that is very good 
 to coole and refrefh a faint ftomacke. 
 
 And being made of the riper grapes is the beft veriuice , farre exceeding 
 that which is made of crabs, to be kept all theyeare, to be put both into 
 meates and medicines. 
 
 The grapes of the beft forts of Vines are prefled into wine by fome in 
 thefe day es with vs, and much more as I verily beleeue in times part, as by 
 thensmeof Vineyard giuen to many places in this Kingdome, efpecially 
 where Abbies and Monafteries flood , may bee conie&ured : but the wine 
 of late made hath beene but fmall, and not durable, like thativhichcom- 
 meth from beyond Sea, whether our vnkindly yeares, or the want of skill, 
 or a conuenient place; for a Vineyard be the caufe, tcannot well tell you. ' 
 
 Grapes ofallforts are familiarly eaten when they are ripe, of the fiefce 
 fometimes as well as the found. * 
 
 The dryed grapes which we call great Rayfins, and the Currans which 
 we call fmall Rayfins, are much vfed both for meates, broths , and fawces, 
 in diuers manners, as this Countrey in generali aboue any other ,wherein 
 many thoufands of Frailcsfull , Pipes, Hogs-heads, and Buts full are fpent 
 yearly, that it breedeth a wonder in them of thofe parts where they growe 
 and prouide them, how we could fpend fo many. 
 
 TheRayfinsofthcSunneare the beft dryed grapes, nextvntotheDa- 
 mafeo, and are very wholfome to eatefafting, both to nourifti,and to helpe 
 to loofen the belly. 
 
 The dryed Lees ofwine called Argoll or Tartar, is put to thev/eof the 
 Goldfmith, Dyer, and Apothecary, who doe all vfeit in feuerall manners, 
 ueryone in his art. 
 
 Of it the Apothecaries make Cremor Tartari, a fine medicine to bee vfed, 
 as the Phyfidan can beft appoint, and doth helpe to purge humours by the 
 ftoole. 
 
 Thereoflikewifetheymakeakindeofwateroroyle, fit to bee vfed, to 
 take away freckles, fpots, or any fuch deformities of the face or skinne, and 
 to make it fmooth. It caufeth likewife haire to growe moreaboundantly in 
 thofe places where it naturally fhould growe. 
 
 The liquor ofthe Vine that runneth forth whenit is cut, iscommendcd 
 to be good againft the ftone wherefoeuer it be ; but that liqjior that is taken 
 from the end of the branches when they are burnt, is moft rffedtuall to take 
 away fpots and markes, ring-wormes and tetters in any place. 
 
 He Figge trees that are nourfedvp in our country are of three forts, whereof 
 
 two are high ; the one bearing againft a wall goodly fweete and delicate Figs, 
 called Figs of Aigarua, and is blewiib when it is ripe: the other tall kinde is 
 nothing fo good,neitherdoth beare ripe Figgesfo kindly and well,and peraduenturc 
 may be the white ordinary kindethat commeth from Spaine. The third is a dwarfc 
 kinde of Figge tree, not growing much higher then to a mans body or fnouldcrs, bea- 
 ring excellent good Figges and blew, but not fo large as the firft kinde. 
 
 The Figge trees of all thefe three kindes are in leaues and growing one like vnto an- 
 other, fauing for their height, colour, and fweetnefle ofthe fruit , hauing many armes 
 or branches, hollow or pithy in the middle, bearing very large leaues, and fomewhat 
 thicke, diuided fometimes into three, but vfually into fiue fetftions , of a darkegreene 
 colour on the vpperfide, and whitiih vnderneath , yeelding a milkieiuyee when it is 
 
 Chap. VII. 
 
 flew. The Figge tree. 
 
 broken. 
 
:: i Ihe Orchard . 
 
 567 
 
 broken, as the branches a Kb or the figges when they are greene : the fruit breaketh our 
 from the branches without anie blofiomc, contrary to all other trees of our Orchard, 
 being round and long, fafhioned very like vnto a fmall Peare, full of fmall white grains 
 or kernels within it, ofa very fweetetafte when it is ripe, and very mellow orfoft,that 
 it can hardly be carried farre without bruifing. 
 
 a The other two forts you may eafily know and vnderftand, by fo much as hathbeen 
 Paid of them. Take onl y-thjs more of the Figge tree,That if you plant it not againft a 
 bricke wall, orthe wall ol an houfe, &c. it will not ripen fo kindly. The dwarfe Fiuge 
 tree is more tender, and is therefore planted in great fquare tubs, to be remoued into 
 the lunne in the Summer time, and into the houfe in Winter. 
 
 Tfic Vfe of Figges. 
 
 Figges are ferued to the table with Ray fins of the Sunne, and blanched 
 Almonds, for a Lenten difh. 
 
 The Figs thatgrowe with vs when they are ripe, and frefh gathered, are 
 eaten of diuers with a little faltand pepper, as a dainty banquet to entertaine 
 a freind, which feldome palfeth without a cup of wine to wafh them downe. 
 
 In Italy (as I hauc beene enformed-by diuers Gentlemen that haucliued 
 there to (tudy phyficke) they eate them in the fame manner, but dare not 
 eate many for feare ofa feuer to follow , they doe account them to be fucb 
 breeders of bloud, and heaters of it likewife. 
 
 The Figges that are brought vs fromSpaine, ate vfed to make Prifan 
 drinkes , and diuers other things, that are giuen them that haue coughes.or 
 colds. , 
 
 It is one of the ingredients alfo with Nuts and Rite, into Mithridates 
 counterpoifon. 
 
 The fmall Figges that growe with vs, and will not ripen, arc preferued by 
 the Comfitmakers, and candid alfo , to ferue as other moift or candid ban- 
 quetting ftuffe. 
 
 Chap. VIII. 
 
 Seriut. ThcSeruicetree. 
 
 T Here are two kindes of Seruice trees that arc planted in Orchards with vs, and 
 there is alfo a wilde kinde like vnto the later of them, with Aflien lcaucs, found 
 in the woods growing of it felfe , wbofe fruit is not gathered , nor vfed to bee 
 eaten of any but birds. And there is another kindealfogrowing wilde abroad in many 
 places, taken by the Country people where it groweth, to be a Seruice tree, and is cal- 
 led in Latine, Aria TheophraBi, whofe leaues arc large, fomewhat like Nut tree lcaues, 
 but greene aboue, and gray ifii vnderneath : fome doe vfe the fruit as Seruiccs, and for 
 the fame purpofes to good effetS, yet both of thefe wilde kindes wee leauc for another 
 worke, and here declare vnto you onely thofe two forts are nourfed vpinourOr- 
 chards. 
 
 The more common or ordinary Seruice tree with vs, isareafonablegreatrree co- 
 uered with a fmooth barkc,fpread into many great armes, whereon are fet large lea’ues, 
 very much cut in on the edges, almoft like vnto a Vine lea fe, orrather likevntothat 
 kind of Maple, that is vfually called the Sycomore tree with vs : the flowers are white, 
 and growe many cluttering together, which after bring forth fmall browne berries 
 when they are ripe, of the bignefle almoft of Hafell nuts, with a fmall tuft, as ifit were 
 a cro wne on the head, wherein are fmall blacke kernels. 
 
 The other kinde, which is more rare with vs , and brought into this Land by Iohn 
 Tradefeantc, heretofore often remembred, hath diuers winged leaues, many fet toge- 
 ther like vnto an Aflien lesfe , butfmaller, andeuery one endented about the edges : 
 the flowers growe in long clufters, but nothing fo many , or fo clofefetas the wilde 
 kinde : the fruit of this tree is in fome round like an Apple, and in others a little longer 
 
 Bbb a like 
 
The Orchard. 
 
 16 8 
 
 likeaPeare, but ofa more pleafant tafte then the ordinarie kinde , when they are ripe 
 and mellowed, as they vieto doe with both thefc kindes, and with Medlars. 
 
 ' They are gathered when they growe to be neare ripe (and that is neuer 
 before they haue felt iome frofts) and being tyed together , are either hung 
 vpinfomewarmeroome, to ripen them thoroughly, that they may bee 
 eaten, or (as fome'vie to doe)lay them in ftrawe, chafle, orbranne, to ripen 
 them. 
 
 They are binding, fit to be taken of them that haue any fcouring or laske, 
 to hel pe to ftay the fluxe ; but take heed, left if you bituie too much, more 
 paine and danger may come thereof then of the fcouring. 
 
 Here are three forts of Mcdlers : The greater and the leffcr Englilh , and the 
 Neapolitan. 
 
 The great and the fmall Englifh Medlar differ not one from the other in any 
 thing, but in the fize of the fruit, except that the fraall kinde hath fomc prickesor 
 thornes vpon it, which the great one hath not, bearing diuers boughes or armes, from 
 whence breake forth diuers branches, whereon are let long and fomewhat narrow 
 leaues, many (landing together; in the middle whereof, at the end of the branch, com- 
 meth the flower, which is great and white, made of flue leaues, broad at the ends, with 
 a nicke in the middle of euery one ; after which commeth the fruit, being round, and of 
 a pale brownilh colour, bearing a crowne of thole fmall leaues at the toppe, which 
 Werethe huske oftheflowerbefore, the middle thereof being fomewhat hollow, and 
 is har!h,able to choakc any that fhall cate it before it be made mellow , wherein there 
 are certainc flat and hard kernels. 
 
 TheMedlarofNaplesgrowethlikewifctobee a reafonable great tree, fpreading 
 forth armes and branches, whereon are fee many galhed leaues , fomewhat like vnto 
 Hawthorne leaues, but greater, and likewif e diuers thornes in many places : the flow- 
 ers are of an herbiegreene colour, and fmall, which turne into fmaller fruit then the 
 former, and rounder alfo, butwithafmall head or crowne at the toppe like vnto it, 
 and is ofa more fweeteand pleafant tafte then the other, with three feeds only therein 
 ordinarily. 
 
 Medlars are vfed in the fame manner that Seruiccs are, that is, to be eaten 
 when they are mellowed, and are forthe fame purpofes to binde the body 
 when there is a caufe: yet they as well as the Seruices, are often eaten by 
 them that haue no neede of binding , and but oncly for the pleafant fweet- 
 nefleof them when they are made mellow, and lometimes comeasadifh 
 of ripe fruit at rheir fit feafon, to be ferued with other forts to the table. 
 
 T He firft kinde of Lote tree, whereof Diofcorides maketh mention,is bur of one 
 kinde ; but there are fome other trees fpoken of by Theophraftus, that may be 
 referred thereunto , which may bee accounted as baftard kindes thereof, of 
 which I meanetocjntreatcinthis Chapter, hauing giuen you beforeche defeiption 
 
 TheVfeof Seruices, 
 
 Chap. IX. 
 
 Meffdus. The Medlar tree, 
 
 TheVfeofMedlars, 
 
 Ch a p. X, 
 
 Lot at. The Lote or Nettle tree, 
 
 of 
 
The Orchard, 
 
 Swift* Ftrttima. The trueSeruicetrce. * Strbtu vul^aru fiHeTormifdia.Theorditnr’/ Seruicc tree.' ? Jlfefp-.hu vulgari*. Tltscommon Me -l.irwee. a. Aft. 
 ttM^r'Hta.Thc Medlar of Naples, j L«m Arbor. The Nettle crec. t Lotus Vi^iniana, The Pilhiraia ur V irguu Pimumc, 7 
 bctIJIKt. Stb J 
 
 £ornut mas .Th ii C i_ rav U 
 
570 The Orchard. 
 
 of another kindc hereof (by the opinion of good Authors) vnder the name of U vo- 
 ter xf us. 
 
 The firft or true Lore tree growcth to be a tree of a great height, whofe bodie and 
 elder branches are couered with a fmooth darke greene barke,the leaues are fomewhat 
 rough in handling, of a darke greene colour, long pointed, and fomewhat deepe den- 
 ted about the edges, fomewhat like vnto a Nettleleafe,and oftentimes growe yellow 
 toward Autumne : the flowers ftand here and there (cattered vpon the branches after 
 which come round berries like vnto Cherries, hanging downewards vpon longf oot- 
 ftalkes, greene at the firft, and whidfti af terwards ; but when they are ripe they become 
 reddifh, and if they be fuffered to hang too long on the branches, they grow blackifh 
 of a pleafant auftcre tafte, not to be mifliked, wherein is a hard round ftone. 
 
 The fecond, which is a baftard kinde,and called Gmtacum Pxtxuinum , groweth to 
 bee a faire tree, with a fmooth darke greene barke , fhooting out many faire greac 
 boughes , and alfo (lender greene branches , befet with faire broad greene leaues , al- 
 moft like vnto the leaues of the Cornell tree, but largertthe flowers growe along* the 
 branches clofe vnto rhem , without any or with a very ftiort foote-ftalke confiding of 
 foure greene leaues, which are as the huske, containing within ita purplifh flower 
 made of foure leaues fomewhat reddifh: the fruit ftandeth in the middle of the green 
 huske, greene at the firft, and very harfh, but red and round when it is ripe, and fome- 
 what like a Plumme, with a fmall point or pricke at the head thereof, and of a reafona- 
 ble pleafant tafte or rellifh, wherein are contained flat and thicke browne feeds or ker- 
 nels, like vnto the kernels vicafsix Fittulx, fomewhat hard, and not fo ftonic, but that 
 it may fomewhat eafily be cut with a knife. 
 
 The third is called in Virginia Pijbxmia, The Virginia Plumme (if it be not all one 
 with the former Guaiacana, whereof I am more then halfe perfwaded) hath growne 
 with vs of the kernels that were fent out of Virginia , into great trees , whole wood is 
 very hard and brittle, and fomewhat white withall : the branches are many, and grow 
 (lender to the end, couered with a very thinne greenifh bark,whereon doegrow many 
 faire broad greene leaues, without dent or notch on the edges, and fo like vnto the for- 
 mer GutUcum, that I verily thinke it (as I before faid) to bee the fame. It hat h not yet 
 borne flower or fruit incur Countrey that I can vndcrftand : but the fruit, as it was 
 fentto vs, is in forme and bigneffe like vnto a Date, coueredwithablackifhskinne 
 fet in a huske of foure hard leaues, very firme like vnto a Date , andalmoftasfweete* 
 with great flat and thicke kernels within them, very like vnto the former, but larger. * 
 
 The Vfe of thefe Lore trees. 
 
 The firft fort is eaten as an helper to coole and binde the body : the laft 
 as Captaine Smith relateth in the difeouery of Virginia, if the fruit be eaten 
 whileit is greene, andnotripe, isableby the hat (hand binding tafte and 
 quality to draw ones mouth awry (euen as it is faid of the former Guaiaca- 
 na) but when it is thorough ripe it is pleafant, as I faid before. 
 
 Ch a*. XI. 
 
 Cornus mtu. The Cornell tree. 
 
 T He Cornell tree that is planted inOrchards, beingthe male(for the female is 
 an hedge bufh) is oftwo forts, the one bearing red, theother whiter berries 
 which is very rare yet in our country, and not differing clfe. 
 
 It groweth to a reafonable bignefifeand height, yet neuer to any great tree,the wood 
 whereof is very hard, like vnto horne, and thereof it obtained the name: the body 
 and branches are couered with a rugged barke, and fpreadeth reafonable well, hauino- 
 fomewhat fmooth leaues, full of veines, plaine, and not dented on theedges.-the flow- 
 ers are many fmall yellow tufts, as it were of fliort haires or threads fet together 
 which come forth before any leafe, and fall away Iikcwife before any leafe bee much 
 open: the fruit are long and round berries, of the bigneffe of fmall Oliues, withan 
 
 hard 
 
The Orchard. 
 
 571 
 
 hard round (tone within them, like vntoan Oliuedone, and are of a ycllowiihred 
 when they are ripe, of a reafonablc pleafant tafte, yet foraewhat auftere withali. 
 
 The white (as I faid ) is like vnto the red, but onely that his fruit is more white when 
 it is ripe. 
 
 The Vfe of the Cornellcs. 
 
 They helpetobindethe body, and to day laskes, and by reafonof the 
 pleafantnefle in them when they are ripe, they are much deiired. 
 
 They arc alfo preferuedand eaten, both for rarity and delight, and for 
 the purpofe aforelaid. 
 
 Chap. XII. 
 
 Cert fa, The Cherry tree. 
 
 T Herearefomany varietiesand differences ofCherries, thatlknow not well 
 how to expreffe them vnto you , without a large relation of their feuerall 
 formes. I will therefore endeauour after one generali defeription (as my cu- 
 ftome is in many other thelike variable fruits) to giue as briefe and ihort notes vpon all 
 the reft, as I can both for leafe and fruit, that fo you may the better know what the 
 fruit is, when you hauc the name. 
 
 The EngliihCherr ie tree groweth in timeto be of a rcafonablebigneffe and height, 
 fpreading great artnes,and alfo fmall twiggy branches plentifully ; the leaues whereof 
 are not verie large or long, but nicked or dented aboucthecdges : theflowerscome 
 forth two or three or foure at the moft together, at a knotor ioynt, euerieoneby it 
 felfe, vpon his owne fmall and long footeftalke, confiding of flue white leaues, with 
 fomethreds in the middle ; after which come round berries, greene at the firft, and 
 red whentheyarethroughripe, of ameanebigndle, and of a pleafant fweetetade, 
 fomewhat tart withali, with a hard white done within it, whofckernellisfomewhat 
 bitter, but not vnpleafant. 
 
 The Flanders Cherrie differeth not from the Englidl, but that it is fomewhat larger* 
 and the Cherry fomewhat greater and Tweeter, and not fo fower. 
 
 The early Flanders Cherry is more rathe or early ripe, almo das fooneastheMay 
 Cherry, cfpecially planted againd a wall, and of many falfe knaues or Gardiners are 
 fold for May Cherrie trees. 
 
 The May Cherrie in a dandard beareth ripe fruitc later then planted againd a wall, 
 where the berries will be red in the vetie beginning of May fometimes. 
 
 The Arch- Dukes Cherrie is one of the faired and bed cheriies wee haue, being of a 
 very red colour when it is ripe, and a little long more then round,and fomewhat poin- 
 ted at the end, of thebedrellifhof any Cherrie whatfoeuer, and ofafirmefubdance- 
 fcarce one of t wentie of our Nurferie men doe fell the right, but giue one for another: 
 for it is an inherent qualitie almod hereditarie with mod of them, to fell any man an 
 ordinary fruit for whatfoeuer rare fruit he (hall aske for : fo little they are to be truflcd. 
 
 The ounce Cherrie hath the greated and broaded leafe of any other cherrie, but 
 beareth the fmalled dore of cherries euerie yeare that any doth, and yet bloffotneth 
 well: thcfruitalfoisnothinganfwerable to the name being not verie great, of a pale 
 yellowidi red, neere the colour of Amber, and therefore fome haue called it, the Am- 
 ber Cherrie. 
 
 The great leafed Cherrie is thoughtof diuers to bee the Ounce Cherrie, becaufe it 
 hath almod as great a leafe as the former : but thefruit of this alfo doth not anf.ver the 
 expectation of fo great a leafe, being but of a meane bignefle,and a fmall bearer,yet of 
 a pale reddifh colour. 
 
 The true Gafcoign Cherry is known but to a few ; for our Nurfery men do fo change 
 the names of mod fruits they fell,that they deliuer but very few true names to any : In 
 former times before our wilde blacke Cherrie was found to grow plentifully in our 
 owne woods in many places of this Land,theFrench continually dored vs with wilde 
 ftockes to graft vpon,which then were called Gafcoigne docks, but fince they haue fo 
 
 termed 
 
jjl ‘The Orchard. 
 
 termed another red Cherric,and obtruded it vpon their cuftomers: but the true is one 
 of our late ripe white Cherries, euen as Gerard faith, it is a great chcrrieandfpottcdr 
 and this is that Cherrie I fo commend to be a fit ftocke to graft May cherries vpon. 
 
 TheMorelloCherrieisofareafonablebigncfTc, of adarkered colour when they 
 are full ripe, and hang long on, of a 1 weetifli lower tafle, the pulpe or fubflance is red 
 and fomewhat firme: if theybe dry ed they will haueafinefharpeor fower taftc very 
 delediable. 
 
 The Hartlippe Cherrie is fo called of the place where the beft of this kinde is nour- 
 fed vp, being betweene Sittingbourne and Chattam in Kent, and is the biggeft of our 
 Enghfh kindes. 
 
 The fmaller Lacure or Hart Cherrie is a reafonable faire Cherrie, full aboue, and a 
 little pointing downward, after the falhion ofan heart, asit is vfually painted, blackifh 
 when it is full ripe, and leffet then the next. 
 
 The great Lacure or Hart Cherrie differeth not in forme, but in greatneffe, being y- 
 fually twice as great as the former, and of a rcddifhblacke colour alfo : both of them 
 are of a firme fubftance, and reafonable fweete. Some doe call the white cherrie, the 
 White hart cherrie. 
 
 The Luke Wardes Cherrie hath a reafonable large leafe, and a larger flower then 
 many other : the cherries grow with long ftalkes, andaftoneof a meanefize within 
 them, of a darkcreddifh colour when they arc full ripe, of a reafonable good rellifl) 
 and bcareth well. * 
 
 The Corone Cherrie hath a leafe little differing from the Luke Wardes cherrie- the 
 fruit when it is ripe, is of a faire deepe red colour, of a good bigneffe, and of averie 
 goodcafte, neither vcriefweeteorfowcr: the pulpe or iuicc will ftainethehands. 
 
 The Vrinall Cherrieinamoftfruitfullyeareisafmall bearer, hauing raanyyeares 
 ? none, and the beft but a few 5 yet doth bloffome plentifully euery yearefor the moft 
 part : the cherrie is long and round, like vnto an- Vrinall, from whence ittookchis 
 name ; reddifti when it is full ripe, and of an indifferent fweete rellilh. 
 
 The Agriot Cherrie is but a fmall Cherrie, of adeepe redde colour when it is ripe,' 
 which is late • of a fine fharpe tafte,moft pleafant and wholfome to the ftomacke of all 
 other cherries, as well whilethey arefrelhas being dryed, which manner they much 
 vfein France,and keepethem for the vfe both ofchefickeand foundat all times, 
 t The Biguarre Cherrie is a-fair cherrie, much fpotted with white fpors vpon the pale 
 red berry, and fometimes difcoloured halfe white and halfe reddidi, of a reafonable 
 good rellilh. 
 
 The Morocco Cherrie hath a large white bloffome, and an indifferent bigberrie, 
 long and round, with a long ftalke of a darke reddifh purple colour, a little tending to 
 a ble w when it is full ripe, of a firme (ubftance : the iuiceisof a blackifh red,difco- 
 louring the hands or lips, and of a pleafant tafte : Some doe thinke that this and the 
 Morello be both one. 
 
 The Naples Cherrie is alfo thought to bee all one with the Morello or Morocco. 
 
 The white Spanifli Cherrie is an indifferent good bearer, the leafe and bloffome 
 fomewhat large, and like the Luke Wardes cherrie : thecherries are reafonable faire 
 berries, with long ftalkes and great ftones, white on theoutfide, with fome redneffe, 
 on the one fide of a firme fubftance,and reafonable fwect,but with a little aciditie.and 
 is one of the late ripe ones : But there is another late ripe white Cherry, which fome 
 call the Gafcoigne, before remembred. 
 
 . The Flanders clufter Cherrie is of two forts, one greater then another : the greater 
 kinde hath an indifferent large leafe ; the bloflotnes haue many threds within them 
 fhewing as it were many parts, which after turne into cluftcrs of berries, foure,fiue or 
 fixe together, and but with one ftalke vnder them, as if they grew one out of another 
 and fometimes they will beare but two or three, and moft of them but one cherry on a* 
 ftalke, which are red when they are ripe, very tender, and watrrifli fweete in eating 
 
 The leffer is in all things like the greater, but fmaller, wi ich makeththe difference] 
 
 The wildeclufter or birds clufter Cherry bcareth many blofforaes fet all along the 
 ftalkes, and cherries after them in the fame maner, likea long thinne bunch of gra pes, 
 and therefore called of fome the Grape cherry : there are of them both red and 
 blacke. 
 
 The 
 
The Orchard, 
 
 i Ceraliu />n*f«x.The Mav Cherry. * C* The FUnden Cherry. * Hify*ntc* futtlb*. The whif* Cherry. 4 
 
 pbyfot.Th* r.reat lea fed Cherry. *, C«*i m Lueuvrardi. Luke Wards Cherry. 6 Ctraftu^capilitM^. The Naples Cherry. 7 C"**™ C"***- 
 Th- Heart Cherry. S rerajiu Thebi«narre or fpocted Cherry. 9 C t '*!' u «* l * >mrocitl,0 f* T hr wildr clatter Cherry. 10 C*r*J«e 
 
 roTjntyaa. The Flanders clutter Cherry. 11 C tT *f M ^rebuke*. The Archdukes Cherry, x* C^actrafm. Tfccdwa.-tc Cherry. 
 
574 - 
 
 The Orchard. 
 
 The foft {held Chcrrie is a fmall red cherrie when it is ripe, hauing the done within 
 it fo foft and tender, that it may eafily bebroken in the eating of the cht rric. 
 
 John X radefcantes Cherrie is mod vfually fold by our Nurfery Gardiners for the 
 Archdukes cherrie, becaufe they haue more plenty thereof, and will better be increa 
 fed, and becaufe it is fo faireand good a cherrie that it may be obtruded without much 
 difeontent : it is a reafonable good bearer, a fairc great berrie,deepc coloured and a 
 little pointed. 5 / * 
 
 The Baccalaos or New-found -land Cherrie hath a fhining long leafe, rood like vnro 
 a Peach leafe, the blolfomes come very many together as it were in an vmbell which 
 is fuch a clufter as is neither like the Flanders clufter,nor the wilde clufter cherrie blofi. 
 fome : it bringeth forth berries (landing in the (ame manner euerie one vpon his own 
 footeftalke, being no bigger then the larged berrie of the red Curran tree or bulb of a 
 pale or watcrifh red colour when it is ripe. 3 
 
 The drangelong eluder Cherrie, or Pidas ThcophraPii Dalechampio isreckoned bv 
 the Author of that great Herbail that goeth vnder his name, among the fortsof cher- 
 ries ;and fo mud I yntill a fitter placebe found forit. Itgrowcthintimetobcaereat 
 tree, with a fad coloured barke both on the bodie and branches, whereon doc *row 
 many leaucs, fomevvhatbroade, (horrer, harder, andalittlemorecrumpled then any 
 cherrie leafe : the blodomesare very fmall, and of a pale or whitilh colour duelling 
 very fweetc and ftrong, or rather heady, like Orenge flowers, growing on fmall lonf 
 branches, very hkethetoppeof flowers vpon theLaburnum orBeanetrefoilerrees • 
 after which come fmall blacke berries, growing together all along the long dalke like 
 vnto the wilde eluder or birds cherrie mentioned before, but not much biggerthen 
 tares, with (mall dones within them, andlittle or no fudancc vpon them • the French 
 call the tree becaufcthewoodthereof dinkerh, andmakeittobewonderfnll 
 that the bioflomcs of the tree fliould befo fweetejand the wood fo (linking 
 The Cullen Cherrie is a darie red cherrie like the Agriot, which they ofthofe parts 
 ne EEf Cullcn ,f d Utrecht &c. vfe to put into their drinke, to giue it thedeeper colour 
 ^ j Hungarian Cherrie of Zwcrtsis like both in leafe and fruite vnto the 
 Morello cherrie, but much greater and fairer, and a far better bearer : for from a fmall 
 branch hath beene gathered a pound of cherries, and this is vfuall continually and nor 
 accidentally, mod of them foure inches in compadeabout, and very many of them 
 more ofafairedecpe red colour, and very fweete, excelling the Arch-Dukes cherrv 
 or any other whatfoeuer. U Z> 
 
 The Cameleon or drangc changeable Cherry deferuedly hath this name, although 
 of mine ownc irapofmon, not only becaufe it beareth vfually both bloffomcs -greens 
 and ripe fruit at one time thereupon, but that the fruit will be of many formes fome 
 round, fomeas it : were (quare, and (ome bunched forth on onefideoranother,abiding 
 condant in no faftuon, but for the mod part (hewing forth all thefediuerfiticseucric 
 y earc growing vpon it : the fruit is of a very red colour, and good tade. 
 
 Thegreat Rofe Cherry, or double blofTomdChcrry differeth not in any thin- from 
 the Englifh Chcrne, but only in the bloflbmes, which are very thicke of white ? C au« 
 as greatand double as the double white Crowfoote,bcfore rcmembred,and Wimes 
 out of the middle of them will fpring another fmaller flower, but double alfo • thisfcl- 
 
 Sfn “’a but J len i! C doth l fuppofc ir commtth from thofe bloffomes are 
 thelead double, and is red, no bigger then our ordinary Englifh cherrie. 
 
 The leffer Rofe or double bloffomd Cherrie beareth double flowers alfo but not fo 
 
 . The other, whole branches, although fmall, grow morevprighr,hauinggreenerfiii- 
 mng leauestthe fruit is little bigger then the former, red alfo when it is rip! with ai- 
 de point at the end : both of thcmofafwectifh rellifli, but more fower P 
 The great bearing Cherry of MaderMillen is a reafonable great red cherry bearing 
 very plentifully, although it bee planted againd a North wall, yet it will beekte rw° 
 but ofan indifferent fweet and good rellifli. y tcripc. 
 
 The long fingerCherry «another fmall long red one,being long & round like a fin- 
 ger, wherof it took the name: this is not the Vrinall cherry before, but differing from ir. 
 
 The 
 
 * 
 
r 
 
 The Orchard. 
 
 TheVfeof Cherries. 
 
 All thefe forts of Cherries ferue wholly to pleafe the palate, and are eaten 
 at all times, both before and after meales. 
 
 All Cherries ate cold, yet the fower inorethen thefweete .and although 
 the fweete doe mod pleafe, yet the fower are more wholfome, if there bee 
 regard taken in the vfing. 
 
 The Agriot or fower Cherries are in France much vfed to bee dryed (as 
 is faid before)asPruinesarc,and fo ferue to miniftred to be the tick in ail hot 
 difeafes,asfeuers&c. being both boy led in their drinkes, andtakennow 
 and then ofthemfelues, which by reafon of their tartneffe, doe pleafe the 
 (tomacke palling well. 
 
 TheGumof the Cherrie tree is commended to bee good for thofe are 
 troubled with the grauell or (lone. Itisalfogood for the cough being dif- 
 folued in liqueur, and (lirreth vp an appetite. The diddled water of the 
 blacke Cherries, the (tones being broken among them, is vfed for the fame 
 purpofe, for the grauell, (lone, and winde. 
 
 Here are many more varieties of Plummes then of Cherries, fo that I muft 
 follow thefame order with thefe that I did with them, cuengiue you their 
 
 names apart, with briefe notes vpon them, and one deferi prion to ferue forall 
 the reft. And in this.recitall I (hall lcaue out the Apricockes which are certainly a kind 
 of Plum, of an efpcciall difference, and not of a Peach, as Galen and fome others haue 
 thought, and fet them in a chapter by themfelues, and only in this fet down thofe fruits 
 are vfually called Plums. 
 
 The Plum tree fefpecially diuers of them) rifeth in timeto bee a reafonable tall and 
 greattree, whofe bodie and greater armes are couered with a more rugged barke, yet 
 in fome more or leffe, theyounger branches being fmoorh in all, the leaues arc fome- 
 what rounder then thofe ofthe Cherrie tree, and much differing among rhemfelues, 
 fome being longer, or larger,or rounder then others,and many that are cxercifed here- 
 in, can tell by the leafe what Plum the tree bcareth (I fpeake this of many , not of all)as 
 in many Cherries they can doe the like : the flowers are white, confiding of flue 
 leaues: the fruit is as variable in forme, as in tafte or colour, fome being ovall.oi P eare 
 faff ion or Almond like, or fphericall or round, fome firmc, fome foftand wateriff, 
 fome fweete, fome fower or harfli, or differing from all thefe taftes : and fome white, 
 others blacke, fome red, others yellow, fome purple, others blew, as they (hall bee 
 briefly fet downe vnto you in the following lines, where I meane not to infert any the 
 wilde or hedge fruit, bur thofe only are fit for an Orchard, ro be ftored with good fruit: 
 and of all which forts, thechoyfeftforgoodncffe, and rareft for knowledge, areto 
 be bad of my very good friend Mafterlohn Tradefcante, w ho hath wonderfully la- 
 boured to obtaineall the rareft fruits hcc can heareoff in any place of Chriftendome, 
 Turky,yeaorthewholeworld ; as alfo with Mailer IohnMillen, dwelling in Olde 
 ftreete,who from IohnT radefcante and all others that haue had good fruit, hath ftored 
 himfelfe withthebeft only, and he can fufficiently furnilh any. 
 
 The Amber Primordian Plumme is an indifferent faire Plummc, early ripe,ofa pale 
 yellowift] colour,and of a waterifh tafte, not pleafing. 
 
 The red Primordian Plumme is of a reafonable (ize, lpng and round, redd iff on 
 the outfide, of a more dry tafte, and ripe with the firft forts in the beginning of Au- 
 guft. 
 
 The blew Primordian is a fmall plumme, almoft like the Damafccne, and is fubiedt 
 to drop off from the tree before it be ripe. 
 
 The white Date Plum is no very good plum. 
 
 Chap. XIII. 
 
 Prunus. The Plumme tree. 
 
 The 
 
c lbe Orchard. 
 
 S7 6 
 
 The red Date plumme is a great long red pointed plumme, and late ripe, little bec- 
 ter then the white. 
 
 The blackc Moffell plumme is a good plumme, reafonable drye, and tafteth well. 
 
 The red Muflell Plumme is fomewhat flat as well as round, of a very good tafte and 
 is ripe about the middle of Auguft. 
 
 The white Muflell plumme is like the redde, but fomewhat fmaller,and of a whitilh 
 greene colour, but not fo well rafted. 
 
 The Imperiali plum is a great long reddilh plum, very wateriflr, and ripeneth fome- 
 what late. 
 
 The Gaunt plum is a great round reddilh plum, ripe fomewhat late, and eateth wa. 
 terifti. 
 
 The red Pcfcod plum is a reafonablegood plum. 
 
 The white Pcfcod plum is a reafonable good rellilhed plumme, but fomewhat wa- 
 terifti. 
 
 The greene Pefcod plum is a reafonable big and long pointed plum j and ripein the 
 beginning of September. 
 
 The Orenge plum is a yellowilh plum, moift, and fomewhat fweetifh. 
 
 The Morocco plumme is blackc like a Damfon, well tailed, and fomewhat drye in 
 eating. 
 
 The Dine plum is a late ripe plum, great and whitilh/pecklcd all ouer. 
 
 The Turkie plum is a large long blackilh plum, and fomewhat flat like the Muflell 
 plum, a well rellilhed dry plum. 
 
 The N utmeg plumme is no bigger then a Damfon, and is of a grcenilh yellow co- 
 lour when it is ripe, which is with vs about Barrholmew tide, and is a good plum. 
 
 The Pcrdigon plumme is a dainty good plumme, early blackilh, and well rellilhed. 
 
 The Verdoch plum is a great fine greene (hining plum fit to prcfcruc. 
 
 The Ienua plum is the white Date plum, before remembred. 
 
 The Barberry plum is a great early blacke plum, and well tailed. 
 
 The Pruneola plum is a (mall white plum, of a fine tart tafte : it was wont to bee v- 
 fually brought ouer infmall round boxes, and fold moll commonly at the Comfit- 
 makers, (cut in twaine, the (lone call away) at a very decre rate: the treegroweth and 
 beareth well with vs. 
 
 TheShepway Bulleisisof a darkeblewilh brown colour, of alargerfizethenthe 
 ordinary, and of a ftiarpe tafte, but not fo good as the common. 
 
 The white and the blacke Bulleis are common in mod Countries, being fmall round 
 plums, lefler then Damfons, (harper in tafte, and later ripe. 
 
 The Flulhing Bulleis groweth with his fruite thicke cluftring together like grapes. 
 
 The Winter Crcke is the lareft ripe plum of all forts, it groweth plentifully about 
 Bilhops Hatfield. 
 
 The white Peare plum early ripe, is of a pale yellowilh greene colour. 
 
 The late ripe white Peare plumis a greater and longer plum, greenifn white, and 
 is not ripe vntill it be neere the end of September, both waterilh plums. 
 
 The blacke Peare plum is like vnto the white Peare plumme, but that the colour is 
 blaAilhwhenit is ripe, and is of a very good rellilh, more firme and dryethen theo- 
 ther. 
 
 The red Peare plumme is of the fame falhion and goodneffe, but is the word of the 
 three. 
 
 The white Wli irate plum is a waterilh fulfome plum. 
 
 The red Wheate plum is like the other for tafte. 
 
 The Bowie plum is flat and round, yet flatter on the one ftdethen on the other, which 
 caufed the name, and is a very good rellilhed blacke plum. 
 
 The Friars plumme is a very good plum, well tailed, and comming cleane from the 
 (lone, being blacke when it is ripe,and fome whitilh fpots vpon it. 
 
 The Catalonia plum is a very good plum. 
 
 Thedon Altezais alfoavery good plum. 
 
 The Mufcadine plum, fome call the Queene mother plumme, and fome the Cherry 
 plum,is a faire red plum, of a reafonable bignefle,and ripe about Bartholmew tide. 
 
 The Chriftian plum s called alfo the Nutmeg plum } the tree groweth very flrrubby, 
 
I Prunum Imperial*. The rmprriallPltjBl. J 'PrunumTurei cum. The Turkey Plum. ; Prunum 
 MytcUinwn. The Mu (fill Plain, s Truunm^mburtnum. The Amber Plum. * 'Pruuuni Regtn 
 fiftta OvUtrly Plum. 8 “yrtMUlB ^4*f/4fiw. The O.'tnoe Plmn . o ‘Prunum .M\nlhrum Tr 
 
 I hcrcdrrimordian Plum. 4 Pruuurri 
 Prunum v iride. T h 9 
 
 Prunum pruteurubru -. * ... nuwinrai 
 
 ‘" r ‘oT , " Cinil “ t ‘““ ,u . 5 irumwm^tmvurtrmm. i ne Amber rium. * -PTuauniRe^ineum. The Queen mother Plum. 7 
 
 ttom. *1 J , ™«we«tew V -,.T^cG JS atPlw U T'nmm'PtffjliHi.T.k D.tcPlim,. sj PwrcHin» 
 
 <3cg 
 
178 
 
 C I he Orchard. 
 
 and will abide good for fix vveekes at the lcaft after it is gathered , and after all other 
 plums are fpenr. 
 
 The Cherry plum remembred before, fpeaking of the Mufcadine plum, is a very 
 good plum, bur fmall. 
 
 The Amber plumis a round plum, as yellow on the outfidealraoft as yellow waxe 
 of a fowre vnplcafant tafte that which I tailed, but I thinkc it was not the right ; for I 
 haue fecne and tafted another of the fame bignelfe, of a paler colour, farre better relli- 
 fhed, and a firmer fubftance, comming cleanefrom the ftone like an A pricocke. 
 
 The Apricocke plum is a good plum when it is in its perfection, but that is feldomc- 
 for it doth moll vfually cracke, thereby diminilhing muchofitsgoodnefle, andbe- 
 fidcs yceldethgumme at the crackes. 
 
 The Eafon plum is a little red plum, but very good in tafte;. 
 
 The Violet plum is a fmall and long blackifh blewplum, ripe about Bartholmcw 
 tide, a very good dry eating fruit. 
 
 The Grape plum is the Flulhing Bulleis before remembred 
 
 The Dennie plum is called alfo the Chcfton,orthe Friars plum before remembred. 
 
 The Damaske Violet plum, or Queen mother plum fpoken of before. 
 
 The blackc Damafcene plum is a very good dry plum , and of a darkeblew colour 
 when it is ripe. 
 
 The white Damfon is nothing fo well rellifhedas theother. 
 
 ThegreatDatufonor Damaske plum is greater then the ordinary Damfon and 
 fweeter in tafte. 
 
 The blew Damfon well knowne, a good fruit. 
 
 The Coferers plum is flat, like vnto a Pcare plum , it is early ripe and blacke of a 
 very good rellifh. 
 
 The Margate plum the worft of an hundred. 
 
 . The green Oyfterly plum is a reafonable great plum,of a whitilh green colour when 
 it is ripe, of a moift and fwcete tafte, reafonable good. 
 
 The red Mirobalane plum groweth to be a great tree quickly, fpreading very thicke 
 and farre, very like the blacke Thorne or Sloe bufh : the fruit is red, earlier ripe and 
 of a better tafte then the white. 
 
 The white Mirobalane plum is in moft things like the former red, but the fruit is of 
 a whitilh yellow colour, and very pleafant, efpecially if it be not ouer ripe : both thefc 
 had need to be plalhed againft a wall, or elfe they will hardly beare ripe fruit. 
 
 The Oliue plum is very like a greene Oliue, both for colour and big neflc,a’nd grow-’ 
 cth lowe on a fmall bufhing tree , and ripeneth late , but is the beft of all the forts of 
 greene plums. 
 
 The white diapred plum of Malta, fcarce knowne to any in our Land but lohn Tra- 
 defcanre, is a very good plum, and ftriped all ouer like diaper, and thereby fo called. 
 
 The blacke diapred plum is like the Damafcene plum, being blacke with fpots as 
 
 fmallaspinspointsvponitjofaverygoodrellilh. r * 
 
 The Peake plum is a long whitilh plum, and very good. 
 
 The Pilhamin or Virginia plum is called a plum, but vtterly differeth from all forts 
 of plums, the defeription whereof may truelyenforraeyou, as it is fetdowneinthe 
 tenth Chaptergoing before, whereunto I referre you. 
 
 The Vfe of Plums. 
 
 The great Damaske or Damfon Plummes are dryed in France in great 
 quantities, and brought ouer vnto vs in Hogs-heads, and other great vef- 
 fds, and are thofe Prunes that are vfually fold at the Grocers, vnderrhc 
 name of Damaske Prunes : the blacke Bulleis alfo are thofe (being dryed in 
 the fame manner) that they call French Prunes, and by their tartneife are 
 thought to binde, as the other, being fweet, to loofen the body. 
 
 The Bruneola Plumme, by reafon of his pleafant tartnefle, is much ac- 
 counted of, and being dryed, the ftones taken from them, are brought ouer 
 to vs in fmall boxes, and fold deereatthe Comfitmakers, where they very 
 often accompany all other forts of banquetting ftuffes. 
 
 Some 
 
The Orchard. 
 
 Someof theft- Plums, becaufe of their firmneffe , are vndoubtedly more 
 wholfome then others that are fweete and waterifh , and caufe leffe offence 
 in their ftomackcs that eate them ; and therefore arc preferued with Sugar, 
 to bekeptall theyeare. Noneof themall isvfed in medicines fo much as 
 the great Damfon or Damaske Prune, although all of them forthe moil 
 part doe coole, lenifie, and draw forth choller,and thereby are fitteft to be 
 vfed of fuch as haue chollericke Agues. 
 
 T Hc Apricocke (as I faid) is without queftion a kindc of Plumme, ratherthen a 
 Peach, both the flower being white, and the ftone of the fruit fmooth alfo, like 
 aPlumme, and yet becaufe of the excellende of the fruit, and the difference 
 therein from all other Plummes,I haue thought it meete to entreate thereof by it felfe* 
 and (hew you the varieties haue been obferued in thefe times. 
 
 The Apricocke tree rifethvp to a very great height, either (landing by it felfe 
 (where it beareth not fo kindly , and very little in our country) or planted againft a 
 wall, as it is mod: vfuall,hauing a great ftemme or body, and likewife many great armes 
 or branches, coucred with a fmooth barke : the lezues arc large , broad , and almoft 
 ropnd, but pointed at the ends , and finely dented about the edges : the flowers are 
 white, as the Plurnme tree blollomes, but fomewhat larger, and rounder fet : the fruit 
 is round, with a cleft on the one fide, fomewhat like vnto a Peach,being of ayellowifh 
 colour as well on theinfide as outfide, pfa firme or faft fubftance , and dry, not ouer- 
 moiftinthecating, and very plealant in tafte , containing within it a broad and flat 
 ftone, fomewhat round and fmooth, not rugged as the Peach (lone, with a pleafanc 
 fweete kerncll (yet fome haue reported , that there is fuch as haue their kernels bitter, 
 whichl did neuerfeeorknow) and is ripe almoft without firft or earlieft Plummes, 
 and thereof it tooke the napie of Pr*cex . and it may bee was th,e earlieft of all others 
 was then knowne, when that name was giuen. 
 
 The great Apricocke, which fome call the long Apricocke, is thegreateft and faireft 
 ofallthcreft. . - . 
 
 Thcfmaller Apricocke, which fome call the fmall round Apricocke, is thoughtto 
 befmall, becaufeit firft 1 prang from a ftone : but that is not fo ; for the kinde it felfe 
 being inoculated, will bee alwaies finall, arid neuerhalfefo faire and great as the 
 
 The white Apricocke hath his leaucs more folded together, as if it were halfe dou- 
 ble: it beareth but feldome, and very few, which differ not from the ordinary , butin 
 being more white, without any red when it is ripe, 
 
 TheMafcoline Apricocke hath a finer greeneleafc,atid thinner then the former, and 
 beareth very feldome any ftorc of fruit, which differeth in nothing from the firft , but 
 that it is alittle more delicate. 
 
 The long Mafcoline Apricocke hath his fruit growing a little longer then the for- 
 mer, and differeth in nothing elfe. 
 
 T he Argier Apricocke is a fmallcr fruit then any of the other, and yellow , but as 
 fweete and delicate as any of them, hauing a blackilhftone within it, little bigger then 
 a Lacure Cherry ftone : this with many other forts Iohn T radefcantc brought with 
 him returning from the Argier voyage , whither hee went voluntary with the Fleete, 
 
 that went againft the Pyrates in the ye'arc 1620. 
 
 1 » 
 
 Apricockes are eaten oftentimes in the fame manner that other dainty 
 Plummes are, bctvveene mealesof themfelucs, or among other fruit at 
 banquets. 
 
 Chap. XIIII. 
 
 MiU ^frmtnkct Jiiie Pr£cec)t. Apricockes, 
 
 former. 
 
 The V fc of AjJiicockes, 
 
 Cee a 
 
 They 
 
The Orchard. 
 
 They are alfo prelerued and candid , as it pleafeth .Gentlewomen to be- 
 ftowe their time and charge , or the Comfitmaker to iort among other can- 
 did fruits. 
 
 Some likewife dry them, like vnto Peares, Apples, Damfons , and other 
 Plummes. 
 
 Matthiolus doth wonderfully commend the oyledravvnc from the ker- 
 nelsof the (tones, to annoint the inflamed bxmonhndes or piles, thefwcl- 
 lings of vlcers, the roughnefle of the tongue and throate , and likewife the 
 paines of the eares. 
 
 Chap. XV. 
 
 MiUvcrficn. Peaches. 
 
 f 7 - A S Iordered the Cherries and Plummes, fo I intend to deale with Peaches, be- 
 caufc their varieties are many, and moreknowneinthefedayes then in former 
 •*- ■•■times : but bccaufethe Ne&orin is a differing kinde of Peach, I mud deale 
 with it as I did with the Apricocke among the Plummes, that is , place it in a Cha pter 
 by it fclfe. t 
 
 .* The Peach tree of it fclfe groweth not vfually altogether fo great, or high as the A- 
 pncocke, becaufe it is leffc durable, but yet fpreadeth with faire great branches from 
 whence fpring (mailer and flenderer reddidi twigges, whereon are fet long narrow 
 greene leaues, dented about the edges : the bloffomcs are greater then of any Plumme 
 of a deepe blullior light purple colounafter which commeth the fruit,which is round 
 and fometimes as great as a reafonable Apple or Pippin (I fpeakeoffomeforts- for 
 there be fome kindes that are much fmaller) with a furrow or cleft on the one fide, ’and 
 couered with a f reefe or cotton on the outfide, of colour either ruflet , or red , or ’yel- 
 low, or of a blackifli red colour; of differing fubftances and talks alfo, fome bein'* 
 brme, others waterifh, fomecleauing fall to the (tone on the infide , others parting 
 from it more or leffc eafily, one excelling another very farre , wherein is contained a 
 tugged (tone, with many chinkcsor clefts in it, the kcrnell whereof is bitter: the roots 
 growe neither deepe nor farre j and therefore are fubied to the winds, (landing alone 
 and not againft a wall. It fooncr waxeth old and decayeth , being fprung of a (lone* 
 then being inoculated on a Plumme ftocke, whereby it is more durable. 
 
 The great white Peach is white on the outfideas the meate is alfo,and is a good well 
 relhflied fruit. a * 
 
 The fmall white Peach is all one with the greater, bnt differeth in fize. 
 
 The Carnation Peach is ofthreeforts , two are round, and the third long . they -’re 
 all of a whitifii colour, (hadowed ouer with red , and more red on the fide is' next the 
 funne : the leffer round is the more common, and the later ripe. 
 
 The grand Carnation Peach is like the former round Peach, but greater and is as 
 latcripc,thatis,inthebeginningofScptember. 3 
 
 Thered Peach is an exceeding well rellilhed fruit. 
 
 The ruffet Peach is one of the mod ordinary Inches in the Kingdome bein® of z 
 ruflet colour on the outfide , and but of a reafoflable rellilh , farre meaner then man v 
 other. 1 
 
 The Ifiand Peach is a faire Peach, and of a very good rellilh . 
 
 The Newington Peach is a very good Peach,and of an excellent good rellifh bcins* 
 of a whitilh greene colour on the outfide, yet halfe rcddilh, and is ripe about Barthob 
 mew tide. 
 
 The yellow Peach is of a deepe yellow colour; there be hereof diuers forts fome 
 good and fome bad. '! 3 
 
 The St. lames Peach is the fame with the Queenes Peach, here belowe fetdowne 
 although fome would make them differing. * 
 
 The Melocotone Peach is a yellow faire Peach, but differing from the former yel- 
 low both in forme and tafte, in that this hath a fmall crooked end of poiflf for tbs moll 
 part, it is ripe before them, and better rellilhed then any of them. 
 
 The 
 
T'be Orchard, 
 
 $81 
 
 Tl«Apric«te. 
 
 ’?r£)L*r^ . 0 ,, tf«ri / ,,/«r*^< t r-.Thtb.fta4 
 
 Ne^a^* P»«bng ’' ;j ^ CC 3 
 
 » 
 
581 
 
 The Orchard. 
 
 The Peach dv Troas is a long and great whitifli yellow Peach. redontheoutfidc 
 early ripe,and is an other kinde of N utracg Peach . * 
 
 The Queenes Peach is a faire great y cllo wifh b’rowne Peach, fhadowed as it were 
 ouer with deepe red, and is ripe at Bartholmew tide, ofa very pleafant good taft c 
 The Romane Peach is a very good Peach, and well relliflied. 
 
 The Durafrac orSpanifhPeachisofadarkeyellowilh red colour on theoutfide 
 and white within. uc » 
 
 Theblacke Peach is a great large Peach, ofa very darkebrowne colour on the out- 
 fide, it is of a waterilh tafte, and late ripe. 
 
 The Alberza Peach is late ripe, and of a reafonable good tafte. 
 
 The Almond Peach,fo called, becaufe the kernell of the ftoneis fweete like the A f 
 mond, and the fruit alfofomewhatpointed like the Almond in thehuske .itiseaVl J 
 ripe, and like the Newington Peach, but leffer. 3 tar ^ 
 
 The Man Peach is of two forts, the one longer then the other, both ofthetn are good 
 Peaches, but the fhorter is the better rellilhed. rc g°oa 
 
 The Cherry Peach is a fmall Peach, but well tafted. 
 
 The Nutmeg Peach is of two forts, one that will be hard when it isripe,and eaterh 
 not fopleafantly as the other, which will bee foft and mellow . they are both S 
 Peaches, hauing very little or no refemblance at all to a Nutmeg, except in bcS 
 Iittlelongerthenround,andareearly ripe. 6 ‘ noeinga 
 
 Many other forts of Peachesthere are, whereunto wee can giuc no cfpeciall name 
 and therefore I paffe them ouer mfilence. r w ne > 
 
 The Vfeof Peaches. 
 
 Th®fe Peaches thatare very moiftand waterilh (as many of them are) 
 and not firtne, doefoonc putrefie in the ftomackc, caufin|f ur f e irs often- 
 times 5 and therefore eueiy one had neede bee carefull what and in what 
 
 The leaues,bccaufe of their bitternefte, feruewell being bovledin Ale 
 orMiUce, to be giucn vnto children that haue wormes , to help tokill thorn 
 and doe gently open the belly, ifthere be a fufficient quantity vfed. ^ 
 
 The flowers hane the like operation, that is, to purge the body fomewhat 
 
 re orc ™ a ‘* c 
 
 The kernels oif the Peach ftones are oftentimes vfed to be giuen to them 
 hat cannot well make water, or are troubled with the ftone . for it opened 
 theftoppings oftbe vntory paflages, whereby much eafeenfueth P 
 
 Chap. XVI. 
 
 Nucipirfic*. Nedlorins. 
 
 I Prefume that the name Nnciptrficn doth moft rightly belong vntn i-w r e 
 Peach, which wecall Nedorins, and although they haue been! with ° P 
 
 y eares, yet haue they beene knownc both in Italy to Mothiolus" and^tLrc 
 him, who it feemeth knew no other then theyellowVdforin a Daleiamnk^J?^ 
 But weat this day doc know fine feuerall forts of Nedlorins as thwS beorrf™!?'' 
 
 «ddiO,, „ Ac Pe.ch, but one of', 
 
 you by and by : the fruit that follower!) is fmaller, rounder , and fmootber then P 17 
 ches, without any cleft on the fide, and without any douny cotton or freeze at all fand 
 
 herein 
 
‘ The Orchard. 583 
 
 herein is like vnto the outer greene rinde of the Wallnut,whereofas I am perfwaded it 
 tooke the name, of a faft and firme mcate, and very delicate in tafte, efpccially the belt 
 kindes, with a rugged ftone within it, and a bitter kernell. 
 
 The Muskc Nccftorin, fo called, becaufe it being a kindeof thebcft redNedorins, 
 bothfmdlechandeatcthasif the fruit were fteepedinMuske: lomethinkethat this 
 and the next Romane Ncdiorin arc all one. 
 
 The Romane red Nedtorin, or drifter Nedlorin,hath a large orgreatpurplilbblof- 
 fomc,]ikevntoaPeach,veddi(hatthcbottomeon theoutfide, and greenifli within : 
 the fruit is ofa fine red colour On the outfide, and groweth in clufters , two or three at 
 a ioynt together, of an excellent good tafte. 
 
 Thcbaltard red Nedtorin hathafmallcr or pincking bloflome , more like threads 
 then lcaues, neither fo large nor open as the former , and yellowifh within at the bot- 
 tome : the fruit is red on the outfide,and groweth neuer but one at a ioynt ; it is a good 
 fruit, but eateth a little more rawiih then the other, euen when it is full ripe. 
 
 TheyellowNcdiorinisoftwoforts, theonean excellent fruit, mellow, and ofa 
 very good rellifh • the other hard, and no way comparable toit. 
 
 The greene Nedioria, great and fmall 5 forfuchl haucfeenc abiding conftant, al- 
 though both planted in one ground : they are both of one goodneire, and accounted 
 with mod to be the beft rellilhed Nedtorin ofall others. 
 
 T he white N edtorin is faid to bee differing from the other , in that it will bee more 
 white on the outfide when it is ripe , then either the yellow or greene : but I hauc not 
 yetfeeneit. 
 
 TheVfeofNedtorins. 
 
 The fruit is more firme then the Peach, and more delcdiable in tafte ; and 
 is therefore of more eftcemc, and that worthily. 
 
 Chap. XVII. 
 
 ^imjgcLdi. Almonds. 
 
 T Hc Almond alfo may be reckoned vnto the ftock or kindred of the Peaches, it 
 is fo like both in leafe and bIoffome,and fomewhat alfo in the fruit, for the out- 
 ward forme, although it hath onely a dry skinne,and no pulpe or meate to bee 
 eaten : but the kernell of the ftone or (hell, which is called the Almond , maketh re- 
 compenfe of that defedt, whereof fomearefwcete, fome bitter, fome great, fome 
 fmall, fome long, and fome (hort. 
 
 The Almond tree groweth vpright, higher and greater then any Peach ; and is 
 therefore vfually planted by it felfe, and not againft a wall, whofe body fometime cx- 
 ceedeth any mans fadome, whereby it fheweth to be of longer continuance , bearing 
 largearmes,andfmallerbranchesalfo, but brittle, whereon are fetlong and narrow 
 leaues, like vnto the Peach tree : the bloffomes are purplifh, like vnto Peach blofloms, 
 but paler: the fruit is fomewhat like a Peach for the forme of the skinne or outfide, 
 which is rough, but not with any fuch deft therein, or with any pulpe or meate fit 
 to bee eaten, but is a thickc dry skinne when it is ripe, couering the ftone orfhell, 
 which is fmooth and not rugged, and is either long and great, or fmall , or thicke and 
 fhort, according as the nut or kernell within it is, which is fweete both in the greater 
 and fmaller, and onely one fmaller kindc which is bitter: yet this I haue obferued,that 
 all the Almond trees that I haue feenc growe in England , both of the fweeteand bit- 
 ter kindes, bearc Almonds thicke and fliorr,and not long , as that fort which is called 
 the Iorden Almopd. 
 
 The Vfe of Almonds. 
 
 They are vfed many wayes, and for many purpofes, either eaten alone 
 with Figges,or Rayfinsof the Sunnc, or made into pafte with Sugar and 
 Rofewaterfor Marchpanes, or put among Floure, Egges, and Sugar, to 
 
 make 
 
58 f The Orchard. 
 
 make Mackerons, or crufted oucr with Sugar, to makeComfitT ," ~oi inixTd 
 with Rofe water and Sugar, to make Butter , or with Barley water, to make 
 Milke,and many other waies,as euery onelift,that hath skill in fuch things. 
 
 Theoylealfoof Almonds is vfed many waies, both inwardly and out- 
 wardly, for many purpofes ; as theoyle of fweete Almonds mixt with 
 pondered white Sugar Candy,for coughes and hoarfene(Te,and to be drunk 
 aIone,or with fomeorherthingfastheSyrupeof MailhMallowes) forthe 
 ftone, to open and lenific the pafTages, and make them flippcrie, tharthe 
 ftone may paffe the eaficr. And alfo for women in Child bed after their fore 
 trauell. And outwardly either by it felfe, or with oy le of Tartar to make a 
 creamc, to lenifiethe skin, parched with the winde or otherwife or to an- 
 noint the ftomacke either alone, or with other things to hel pe a cold. 
 
 Theoyle of bitter Almonds is much vfed to be dropped into their earcs 
 that are hard of hearing,to helpe to open them. And as it is thought, doth 
 more fcoure and cleanfe the skin then the fwcct oy le doth, and is therefore 
 more vfed of many for that purpofe, as the Almonds themfclues are. 
 
 Chap. XVIII. 
 
 Mil* ArtntU. Orenges. 
 
 I Bring here to your confideration,as you fee, the Orenge tree alone, without menti- 
 oning the Citron or Lemmon trees,in regard of the experience wehaue feen made 
 ofthemindiuers places : For the Orenge tree hath abiden with fome extraordi- 
 nary looking and tending of it, when as neither of the other would by anymeanes 
 be preferued any long time. If therefore any be defirous to keepe this tree, hemuftfo 
 prouideforit, that it be preferued from any cold, either in the winter or fpring, and 
 expofed to the comfort of the funne infummer. And for that purpofe fome keepe 
 them in great fquare boxes, and lift them to and fro by iron hooks on the fides, or caufe 
 them to be rowled by trundels,or fmall wheeles vnder them, to place them in aa houfc- 
 or clofcgalleric for the winter time : others plant them againft a brickewall in the 
 ground, and defend them by a (lied of boardes, couered ouer with fearc-cloth in the 
 winter, and by the warmth of a ftoue,or other fuch thing, giue them fome comfort in 
 the colder times : but no tent or meane prouifion will preferue them. 
 
 TheOrcngetreeinthewarme Countries groweth very high, but with vs (or elfe it 
 is a dwarfe kinde thereof ) rifeth not very high : the barkc ofthe elder ftemmes bein° 
 of a darke colour, and the youngbranches very greene, whereon grow hereand there 
 fome few thornes : the leaues are faire, large, and very greene, in forme almoft like a 
 Bay leafe, but that it hath a fmall eare, or pecce of a leafe, falliioned like vnto an heart 
 vnder euery one of them, with many fmall holes to be feene in them, ifyou hold them 
 vpbetweene you and the light, ofa fweet but ftrong fmell, naturally not falling away 
 but al waies abiding on, or vntill new be come vp, bearing greene leaues continually * 
 the flowers are whitilh,of a very ftrong and heady fent ; after which come fmall round 
 fruit, greene at the firft, while they are fmall, and not neerernaturiric,but being grown 
 and ripe, are fas all men know) red on the out fide, fome more pale then others, and 
 fome kindes ofa deeper ycllowifli red, according to the climate, and as it receiueth the 
 heate of the funne, wherein is contained fower or fweete iuice, and thicke white ker- 
 nels among it : it beareth in the warmc Countries both blofTomes- and greene fruit 
 continually vpon it, and ripe fruit alfo with them for the beft part of the yeare, but e- 
 fpecially in Autumne and Winter. 
 
 TheVfeof Orenges. 
 
 Orenges are vfedas fawce for many forts of meate*, inrefpe&of their 
 fweete fowernefle, giuing a relliih of delight, whereinfoeuer they are vfed. 
 
 Theinner pulpe or iuice doth ferue in aguesand hot difeafes,and in Sum- 
 mer to coole the heate of deie&ed ftomackes, or fainting fpirits. 
 
 The 
 
The Orchaid, 
 
j8<5 
 
 The Orchard. 
 
 Thcdryedrinde, byreafon of the fwccte and ftrong font, ftructh to bee 
 pur among other things to make fweet pouthers. ee 
 
 The outer nndes when they arc denied from all the inner pulpeand 
 skins, arc preferued in Sugar, after the bitterndTe by often fteepings hath 
 been taken away,& do ferae either as Succors, and banquetting ftLftcs er as 
 ornaments to fet out dilhcs for the table, or to giue a rcllilh mm ’ 
 whether baked or boyled : Phyfically they helpe to vanne a cold ftomack’ 
 
 The water of Orange flowers is oftentimes vfed as a great perfume for 
 glones, to wa(hethem,or in (lead of Rofe-water to mixe with other thin° s 
 
 feuer ” C0 bCC dmnke ^ f ° me ’ t0 preUCnt ° rt0 ilclpcan y pcftilentiall 
 The oyntment that is made of the flowers, is very comfortable Iwh 
 %£*»•** a S ainft the could or cough, or for the head, for patnes and 
 
 The kernels orfeedebceingcaftintothegronnd inthe fpringtime will 
 quickely grow vp, (but will not abidethewinterwithvs, to bee kept for 
 growing trees) and when they are of a finger length high, being pluck vp 
 and put among fallats, will giue them a marucllous fine aromatic ke or Mcv 
 talte, very acceptable. * ? 
 
 Chap. XTX. 
 ftma. Apples. 
 
 AppIesa J c m l n y. and ‘“finite almoft as I may fay, that I cannot 
 f . 7, . , e . niI P es ‘hough I haue endeauoured to giue a great man v 
 
 i i j nd / thinkeit a lmoftimpoflibleforany one.to attainetothc full nerf.A' 
 
 tattes, but m that fome are more familiar to one Countrey then to another hem r 
 
 Mfwervmofemallforts,' h5^4i5^S^SS2I5bIe35S^b*SS!^“ , ® ^S, * 
 edges .the flowers arc largeand white, with blufii coloured fides ’confiftingnf 'iHi 
 
 fo 
 
j Che Orchard. 
 
 587 
 
 fo arc incident vnto this tree, that both bodieand branches are much fubiedlvnto 
 cancker, which will quickely eate it round, and kill it 5 befides it will haue many bun- 
 ches, or tuberous (wcllings in many places, which growasitweicfcabby orrough, 
 and will (oone caule itroperifh : the rootc fendeth forth many (hpotes and fuckers, 
 whereby it may be much increafed. But this benefit may be had of it, to recompence 
 the former faults, That being adtvarfe Tree, whatfoeuer fruit (hall bee grafted on it, 
 will keepethegrafr low like vnto it felfe,and yet bearefruitreafonable well. And this 
 is a pretty way to haue Pippins, Pomewatcrs, or any other fort of Apples (aslhaue 
 had my felfe,and alf'o feene with others)growing low, that ifany will, they mav make 
 a hedge rowe of tlide low fruits, planted in an Orchard all along by a walkefide : but 
 take this Cauear, if youwillauoide the danger of the cancker and knots,which fpoile 
 the tree, to graft it hard vnto theground,thattherby you may giue as little of the nature 
 of the flock thereunto as poifibly you can, which wil undoubtedly help it very much. 
 
 The kindes or forts of Apples. 
 
 The Summer pippin is a very good apple firft ripe, and therefore to bee firftfpent, 
 becaufeit wili not abide fo long as the other. 
 r The French pippin is alfo a good fruit and yellow. 
 
 The Golding pippin is the greateft and beft of all forts of pippins. 
 
 The Ruffet pippin is as good an apple as mod of the other lorts of pippins. 
 
 The fpotted pippin is the moll durable pippin ofall the other forts. 
 
 The ordinary yellow pippin is like the other, and as goodjfof indeed I know no fort 
 of pippins but are excellent good well relliflied fruitcs. 
 
 The great pearemaine differeth little either in tafle or durabilitie from the pippin, 
 
 and therefore next vnto it is accounted the bed of all apples. 
 
 The fummer pearemaine is of ecjuall goodneffe with the former, or rather a little 
 more pleafing,efpecially for the time of ns eating, which will not bee fo long lading, 
 but is fpentand gone when the other beginner h to begood to eate. 
 
 The Ruffetting is alfo a firme and a very good apple, not fo vaterifli as the pippin or 
 pearemaine, and will lad the bed part of the year, but .will be very mellow atthelad,or 
 rather halfedryed. : 1 ; 
 
 The Broading is avery good apple. , 
 
 ThePomewateris an excellent good and great whicifh apple,full offap or moidure, 
 fomewhat pleafant (liarpe, but a little bitter withall : it will not lad long, the winter 
 frods foone caufing it to rot, and perifh. 
 
 The Flower of Kent is a faire yello wifh grecne apple both good and great. 
 
 The Giiloflower apple is a fineapple,and finely fpotted. 
 
 The M irligo is the fame, that is called the Marigold apple, it is a middle fized apple, 
 very yellow on the outfide, fhadowed ouer as it were with red, and more red on one 
 fide, a teafonable well relliflied fruit. 
 
 T he Blandrill is a good apple. 
 
 The Dauie Gentle is a very good apple 
 
 The Gruntlin isfomewhat a long apple, fmaller at the crowne then at the ftalke,and 
 
 is a reafonablcgood apple. 
 
 The gray Cofterd is a good great apple, fomewhat whitifli on the outlide, and abi- 
 
 derh the winter. . 
 
 The greene Coderd is like the other ,but greener on the outfide continually. 
 
 The Haruy apple is a faire great goodly apple,and very well relliflied. 
 
 The Dowfe apple is a fweetifh apple not much accounted of. 
 
 The Pome-paris is a very good apple. 
 
 The Belle boon of two forts winter and fummer,both of them good apples,and fair 
 fruit to look on, being yellow and of a meanebignefle. 
 
 The pound Royall is a very great apple, of a very good and fharpe tade. 
 
 The Doues Bill a finall apple. 
 
 The Deufan or apple Iohn is a delicate fine fruit, well rellifhed when it beginneth te 
 be fit to be eaten,and endureth good longer then any other apple. 
 
 The Matter William is greater then a pippin, but of no very good rellifh. 
 
 The Matter Iohn is a better tatted apple then the other by much. 
 
 • The 
 
'.-.fc. A - 
 
 5 h8 
 
 The Orchard. 
 
 The Spicing is a well rafted fruitc. 
 
 Tome de Rambures\ 
 
 ttmedecapundt j>i!l fairc and good apples brought from France. 
 i’omt ie Ciiunl j 
 
 The Quecne apple is of two forts, both of them great faire red apples,and well rel- 
 lilhed j but thegreater is the beft. > r cr- 
 
 1 he Baftard Qrif eneapple is like the other for forme and colour.but not fo good in 
 tafte : fome call this the bardfield Queening. 
 
 The Boughton or greening is a very good and well tafted apple. 
 
 The Leatherette apple is a good winter apple, ofno great bigneffe, but of averv 
 good and marpetafte. 1 
 
 The Pot apple is a phine Country apple. 
 
 The Cowfnout is no very good fruit. 
 
 The Gildiling apple is a yellow one, not much accounted. 
 anJgre« atS ^ appk tooke the name of the hkeneffe,and is a reafonablc good apple 
 
 The Stoken apple is a reafonable good apple. 
 
 The Geneting apple is a very pleafant and good apple. 
 
 The Worcefter apple is a very good apple, as biggeas a Pomewater. 
 
 Vonime Ccuadis is a French apple, and of a good rellifh. 
 
 The French Goodwin is a very good apple. 
 
 The old wife isa very good, and well rellifhed apple. 
 
 The towne Crab is an hard apple, not fo good to be eaten rawe as roafted but ex-’ 
 ccllent to m'ake Cider. . 3 
 
 The Virgilling apple is a reafonable good apple. 
 
 The Crowes egge is no good rellifhed fruit, but nourfed vp in fome places of the 
 common people. ‘ 
 
 The Sugar apple is fo called of the fweetneffe. 
 
 Sops in wine is fo named both of the pleafantnefTcof the fruit, and beautie of the 
 apple. > 
 
 The womans bread apple is a great apple. 
 
 fheblacke apple or pippin is a very good eatingapple,and very likeaPearemaine ’ 
 both for forme and bigneffe, but of a blacke footy colour. 
 
 Tweenty forts of Sweetings and none good. 
 
 The Peareappleisafmall fruit, but well rellifhed being ripe, andisforfhapevery 
 like vnto a fmall fhort Pcare,and greene. 1 
 
 The Paradife apple is a faire goodly yellow apple, but light and fpongy,and of a bit* 
 tenth fweet tafte, not to be commended. 
 
 T he apple without bloflome, fo called becaufe although it haue a fraall fhew of a 
 bloffome,yet they are but fmall threds rather than leaues, neuer (hewing to bee likea 
 flower, and therefore termed without bloffome : the apple is neyther good eating nor 
 baking fruit. ° 
 
 Wildings andCrabs are without number or vfe in our Orchard,being to be had out 
 of the woods, fields and hedges rather then any where elfe. 
 
 The Vfe of Apples. 
 
 The beft forts of Apples feme at the laftcourfe forthctable, in mod 
 menshoufesof account, where, if there grow any rare or excellent fruit ic 
 is then fet forth to be feene and tafted. 
 
 Diuers other forts ferue to bake, eitherfor the Mafters Table, or the 
 meynes fuftenance,either in pyes or pans, or elfe ftc wed in difhes withRofc- 
 water and Sugar, and Cinamon or Ginger caft vpon. 
 
 Some kinds are fitted to roaft in the winter time, to warme a cup of wine, 
 ale or bcere ; or to be eaten alone, for the nature of fome fruirxs neuer fo 
 good, or worth the eating, as when they are roafted. 
 
 Some 
 
 
T be Orchard, 
 
 589 
 
 Some ions arc fkrt ft to icald tor Codlins, and are taken ro coole the fto- 
 rnacke, as well as to pleafe the carte, hauing Rofewater and Sugar put to 
 them. 
 
 Some forts are bed to make Cider of, as in the Weft Countrey of Eng- 
 land great quantities, yea many Hogfheadsand runnesfullaremade,efpe- 
 cially to bee carried to the Sea in long voyages, and is found by experience 
 to bee of excellent vfe, to mixe with water for beuerage. Ir is vfually feene 
 that thofe fruits that are neither fit to eateraw, roafted,nor baked, are fitteft 
 for Cider, and makethebefh 
 
 The iuice of Apples Iikewifc, asof pippins, and pearemaines, is ofvery 
 good vfe in Melancholicae difeafes, helping to procure mirth, and to expell 
 
 heauinefie. 
 
 Thediftilled water of the fame Apples isofthelikeeffetft. 
 
 There is a fine fwcctoyntmcnt made of Apples called Pmutum , which is 
 much vfed to helpechapt lips,or hands, or for the face, orany other part of 
 the skinne that is rough with winde,or any other accident, to fupple them, 
 and make them fmooth. 
 
 Eehaucfomediuerfitiesof Quinces, although not many, yet more then 
 ourcldertimes were acquainted with, which (hall be here exprefled. 
 
 ThcQdncetree groweth oftentimes to the height and bignefle of a 
 good Apple tree, but more vfually lower, with crooked and fpreading armes and 
 .branches farre abroad, the leaues are fomewhat round, and like the leaues of the Ap- 
 ple tree, but thicker, harder, fuller of veines, and white on the vnderfide: theblof- 
 fames or flowers are white, now and then dafht ouer with blufh, being large and open, 
 like vnto a (ingle Rofe : the fruit followeth, which when it is ripe is yellow, and co- 
 uered with a white cotton or freeze,- which in the younger is thicker and more plenti- 
 ful!, but vvaxeth Idle and lefte, as the fruit ripeneth, being bunched out many times in 
 feuerall places, and roundjcfpecially about the head, fome greater, others ftnallef, 
 forne round like an Apple, others long like a Peare, of a ftrong heady fenr, accounted 
 nor wholfome or long to be endured, and of no durabilitie tokeepe, in the middle 
 whereof isacore,withmanyblackifhfeedesor kernels therein, lying clofe together 
 in cels, and compared with a kinde of deare gelly, which is cafier feene in the fealded 
 fruit, then in the raw. 
 
 The Englifh Quince is the ordinarie Apple Quince, fet downe before, and is of fo 
 harfh a tafte being greene, that no man can endure to eate it rawe, but eyther boyled, 
 ftewed, roafted or baked; all which waies it is very good. 
 
 ThcPortingall Apple Quince is a great yellow Qmnce, feldomecommingtobee 
 whole and faire without chapping; this is fo pleafant being frcfli gathered, that it may 
 be eaten like vnto an A pple without offence. 
 
 The Portingall Peare Quince is not fit to be eaten rawe like the former, buttnuft be 
 vfed after fome of the waies the Englifh Quince is appointed, and fo it will make more 
 dainty diflies then the Englifh, becaufe it is lefte harib, will bee more tender, and take 
 lefle iugar for the ordering then the Englifh kinde. 
 
 The Barbary Qmnce is like in goodnefle vnto the Portingall Quince laftfpoken of, 
 butlefler in bignefle. 
 
 The Lyons Quince. 
 
 The Brunfwicke Qmnce. 
 
 CyAonh. Quinces. 
 
 TheVfeof Quinces^ 
 
 There is no fruit growing in this Land that is of fo many excellent vfes 
 as this, feruing as well to make many diflies of meate for the table, as for 
 
 D d d baa-; 
 
590 
 
 . c i be Orchard. 
 
 banquets, and much more for the Phyficall vertucs , whereof to write at 
 large is neither connenient for mee, nor for this worke : I will onely briefly 
 recite fomc, as it weretogiueyouatafteof thatplenry remaineth therein 
 to bee conuerted into fundry formes : as fir ft for the table , whilethey are 
 fre(b(and all the yeare long after being pickled vp) to be baked, as a dainty 
 difli, being well and orderly cookt. And being preferued whole in Sugar 
 either white or red, feme likcwifc,not onely as an after dilh to clofe vp the 
 ftomacke, but is placed among other Prderues by Ladies and Gentlewo- 
 men, and bellowed on their friends to entertainethem, and among other 
 forts ofPreferues at Banquets. Codiniacke alfo and Matmilade, Icily and 
 Pafte,areallmadeof Quinces, chiefly for delight and plcafure, although 
 they haue alfo with them fome phyficall properties. 
 
 We haue for the vfc of phyficke,both Iuyceand Syrupe,both Conferue 
 and Condite, both binding and loofening medicines, both inward and out- 
 ward, and all made of Quinces. 
 
 The Ielly or Muccilage ofthe feedes , is often vfed to be laid vpon wo- 
 mens breafts, to heale them being fore or rawe, by their childrens detaulc 
 giuing them fucke. 
 
 Athenxus reciteth in his third booke, that one Philarchus found , that 
 the fmell of Quinces tooke away the ftrength of a certaine poifon, called 
 phtrUcum. And the Spaniards haue alfo found, that the ftrength ofthe 
 iuyceof white Ellebor (which the Hunters vfe as a poyfon to dippe their 
 arrowheads in, that they ihoote at wilde bcafts to kill them) is quire 
 taken away , if it Hand within the compafTe of the fmell of Quinces. • 
 And alfo that Grapes, being hung vpto bee kept, and fpent in Win- 
 ter , doe quickly rot with the fmell of a Quince. 
 
 T He variety ofpeares is as much or more then of apples, andlthinke it is as 
 hard in this, as beforein apples, for any to be foexquifite, as thatheecould 
 . number vp all the forts that are to be had: for wee haue in our country fo ma- 
 nie, as Ifhall giucyou thenamesof byand by, and are hitherto come to our know- 
 ledge : but I verily beleeuethat there be many, both in our country, and in others, that 
 we haue not yet knowneor heard of j for euery yeare almoft weeattaine to the know- 
 ledge of fome, we knew not of before. Take therefore, according to the manner be- 
 fore heid, the defcription of one, with the feuerall names ofthe reft, vntill a more ex- 
 act dilcaurle be had of them, cuery one apart. 
 
 The Peare tree groweth more (lowly, but higher , and more vpright then the apnlc 
 tree, and not leiTe in the bulkc of the body this branches fpreadnot fofarre or wide 
 but growe vprighter and clofer : the Ieaues are fomewhat broaderand rounder ereene 
 aboue, and whiter vnderneath then thofe of the apple tree : the flowers are whiter and 
 greater: the fruit is longer then round for the moft part, fmaller at the ftalke, and grea- 
 ( 0lnan y differing formes, colours, and taftes, that hardly canone 
 diltinguilh rightly between them, the times alfo being as variable in the gathering and 
 fpending of them, as in apples: the rootc groweth deeper then the apple tree, and 
 therefore abideth longer, and giueth a fafter, clofer, & fmoother gentle wood, eafie to 
 be wrought vpon. 5 
 
 Chap. XXI. 
 P?ra. Peares. 
 
 The kindes ofPeares. 
 
 TheSummerbon Chretien is fomewhat a long peare, with a greene and yellow 
 
 liCtlfh emtr «rill ,„A IZ A ' 
 
 The 
 
The Orchard. 
 
 $pi 
 
 \— 
 
 , The Oil .icc tree, I ruta»» ThcPort.a ? ill Qjiince. < T.yr~. The Peeretree. 4 Py.«*> P .m, 
 
 The Winter BmTCI.ret.ee. 1 Tire» p.'fF»». »•/ fl’Ut.m. The pi.n-e.l or drmej Peere of (erufale.n. C PjrrtmTefenW.. The Burgomot Pyre. 
 V TltSimmrEmCkme» » Pyw* Vtlaum. Thcbcft Warden. 9 p,,»». L.^efeThc ooiaai P.-are. 
 
 10 ijrtmWmlfiritnHo.Tbc WiadforPearc. 11 Pjne» £«-»™r™w.T heGtaiidePdaPe. "» T.ree. fey.;4jltn«ep, TbeUJto9o«ytrP«rc. 
 
 >/ 
 
59Z 
 
 c fhe Orchard. 
 
 The Winter bon Chretien is of many forts, fome greater, others lefler, and all good, 
 but rhe greateft and bell: is that kinde that groweth at Syon: All the kinds of this Win- 
 ter fruit mull be planted againft a Wall, or clfe they will both feldome beare, and bring 
 fewer 'alfo to ripenefle, comparable to the wall fruit: the kindes alfo arc according to 
 their lading; for fome will endure good much longer then others. 
 
 The Summer Bergomot is an excellent well rellilhed peare,flattifli,& lhort,nor long 
 like othcrSjof a meanebignelTe,and of a darke yellowilbgreene colour on the outfide. 
 
 The Winter Bergomot is of two or three forts, being all of them fmall fruit, fome- 
 what greener on the outiide then the Summer kindes ; all of them very delicate and 
 good in their due time : for lome will not be fit to bee eaten when others are will-nigh 
 fpent, euery ofthem outlafting another by a moneth or more. 
 
 The Diego pearc is but a fmall peare, but an excellent well rellilhed fruit, tailing as 
 if Muske had been put among it ; many of them growe together, as it were in cinders. 
 
 T he Duetete or double headed peare , fo called of the forme , is a very good peare 
 not very great, of a rulfettilh biowne colour on the outfide. ' 5 
 
 The Primating peare is a good moid peare, and early ripe. 
 
 The Geneting peare is a very good early ripe peare. 
 
 The greens Chefill is a delicate mellow peare, euen melting as it were in the mouth 
 ©f the eater, although greenilh on the outfide. 
 
 The Catherine peare is knowne to all I thinkc to be a yellow red fided peare of a 
 full waterilh fweete tade, and ripe with the foremoft. * 
 
 The King Catherine is greater then the other, and of the fame goodnelTe, or rather 
 better. 
 
 The Ruffet Catherine is a very good middle lized peare. 
 
 The Windfor peare is an excellent good peare, well knowne to mod perfons , and 
 ofareafonablegrcatneffe: it will beare fruit fome times twice inayeare (and as it is 
 faid) three times in fome places. 
 
 The Norwich peare is of two forts, Summer and Winter, both ofthem good fruit ’ 
 each in their feafon. 3 
 
 The Wordcr peare is blackilh, a farre better peare to bake (when as it will belike a 
 Warden, and as good) thentoeate rawe j yetfo it is not t© be mifliked. 
 
 The Muske peare is like voto a Catherine peare for bigneffc, colour, and forme-but 
 farre more excellent in tade, as the very nameimporteth. 
 
 TheRofewater peare is a goodly faire peare, and of a delicate tade. 
 
 The Sugar peare is an early peare, very fweete, but waterilh. 
 
 The Summer Popperin ? both ofthem are very good firme dry peares, fomewhat 
 The Winter Popperin Sfpotted, and brownilh on the outfide. 
 
 The greene Popperin is a winter fruit, of equall goodnelTe with the former. 
 
 The Soueraingne peare, that which I haue feeneand taded, and fo termed vnto me 
 was a fmall brownilh yellow peare, but of a mod dainty tade j but fome doe take akind 
 ot Bon Chretien, called the Elizabeth peare, to be the Soueraigne peare • how trudv 
 let others iudge. 1 
 
 T he Kings peare is a very good and well taded peare. 
 
 The peare Royall is agreat peare, and of a good rellifh. 
 
 The Warwicke peare is a reafonable faire and good peare. 
 
 The Greenfield peare is a very good peare, of a middle fize. 
 
 The Lewes peare is a brownilh greene peare, ripe abouttheend of September: a 
 reafonable well rellilhed fruit, and very moid. , 3 
 
 The Bilhop peare is a middle fized peare, of a reafonable good tade , not very wa- 
 tcnlh ; but this property is oftentimes feene in it, that before the fruit is gathered 
 (but more vfually thofe that fall of themfelues , and the red within a while after they 
 are gathered)it will be rotten at the core, when there wil not be a fpot or blemilli to be 
 leene on the outfide, or in all the peare, vntill you come neare thecore 
 The Wilford pearc is agood and a faire peare. 
 
 The Bell peare a very good greene peare. ** 
 
 The Portingal! peare is a great peare, but more goodly in (hew then good indeed. 
 S^olSpSe Pear£1SakmdCOf B ° n Chretien ’ cailed tbc Cowcumber peare, 0£ 
 
 The Rowling peare is a good peare , but hard , and not good before it bee a little 
 rowkd Qi oruifed, to make it eate the more mellow. 
 
 The 
 
The Orchard. 593 
 
 The Pimpc peare is as great as Mic-Windfor peare, but rounder, and of a very good 
 • rellilh. 
 
 The T urnep peare is a hard winter peare, not fo good to eatc rawe, as it is to bake. 
 
 The Arnndell peare' is molt plentiful! in Suffolke, and there commended to be a ve- 
 rie good peare. 
 
 The Berry peare is a Summer peare, reafonable faire and great, and offo good and 
 wholfome a tafte, that few or none take harme by eating neuer fo many of them. 
 
 . , The Sand peare is aveafonablegood peare, but fmall. 
 
 TheMorley peare is a very good peare, like in formeandcolourvnto the Windlor, 
 but fomevVhatgraycr. ; 
 
 Thepeare pricke is very like vntothe Greenfield peare, being both faire, great, 
 and good. 
 
 Thegood Revvell is a reafonable great peare, as good to bakeas toeaterawe, and 
 both waycs it is a good f ruit. 
 
 The Hawkes bill peare is of a middle fize, fomewhat like vnto the Rowling peare. 
 
 The Pctworch peare is a winter peare, and is great, fomewhat long, faire, and good. 
 
 The Slipper peare is a reafonable good peare. 
 
 The Robert pearcisavery good peare, plentifullin Suffolke and Norfolke. 
 
 The pound peare is a realonable good peare, both to cate rawe, and to bake. 
 
 The ten pound peare, or the hundred pound peare, thetrueft andbeft, isthebeft 
 Bon Chretien of Syon, fo called, becaufe the grafts coft the Mailer lo much the 
 fetching by the mcllengers expences, when he brought nothing elfe. 
 
 The Gilloflovver peare is a winter peare, faire in (hew, but hard, and not fit to bee 
 eaten rawe, but very good to bake. 
 
 The peare Couteau is neither good one way nor other. 
 
 The Binfce peare is a reafonable good winter peare, of a rufletilh colour, arid a fmall 
 fruit : butwillabidegoodalongwhile. 
 
 The Pticell is a greene peare, of an indifferent good tafte. 
 
 T he blackc Sorrell is a reafonable great long p;are,of a darke red colour on the out,* 
 fide. 
 
 The red Sorrell is of a redder colour, elfc like the other. 
 
 The Surrinc is no very good peare. 
 
 The Summer Hailing is a little greene peare, of an indifferent good rellilh. 
 
 Peare Gergoneli is an early peare, fomewhat long, and of a very pleafant tafte. 
 
 T he white Genneting is a reafonable good peare, yet not eqitall to the other. 
 
 The Sweater is fomewhat likethe Windfor for colour and bignelfe, but nothing 
 neare offo good a tafte. 
 
 The bloud red peare is of a darke red colour on the outfide,but piercing very link 
 into the inner pulpe. 
 
 The Hony peare is along greene Summer peare. 
 
 The Winter peare is of many forts,but this is onely fo called , to bee diftinguifhed 
 from all other Winter peares, which haue fcuerall names giuen them, and is a very 
 good peare. 
 
 The Warden or Luke Wards peare of two forts, both white and red, both great 
 and fmall. 
 
 T he Spanifli Warden is greater then either of both the former, and better alfo. 
 
 The peare of Ierufalem , orthc ftript peare, whofe barke while it is young, isas 
 plainly fecne to be ftript with greene, red, and yellow, as the fruit ir lelre is alfo, and 
 is of a very good tafte: being baked alfo, it isas red as the beft Warden, whereof Ma- 
 tter William Ward of Elfex hathalfured mee, whoisthechiefe keeper of the Kings 
 Granary at Whitehall. 
 
 Hereoflikewifethereisa wildekindeno bigger then ones thumbe, and ftriped in 
 the like manner, but much more. 
 
 The Choke peares, and other wilde peares, both great and fmall, as they are not to 
 furnilh our Orchard, but/the Woods, Forrefts, Fields, and Hedges, fo wee leaue them 
 to their naturali places, and to them that keep them, and make good vfe of them. 
 
 The Vfe of Peares. 
 
 The mod excellent forts of Peares, feme (rs I faid before of Apples) to 
 
 Ddd 3 ” make 
 
594 - 
 
 '1 he Orchard. 
 
 make anafcer-courfe for their mailers table, where the goodneffe of h is Or- 
 chard is tryed. They are dryed alfo,andfo are an excellent repafte, if thev 
 beofthebeftkmdesjfitforthepurpofe. r y 
 
 They are eaten familiarly of all forts of people, of fome for delight and 
 ofothersfor nounihment, being baked, ftewed, or fealded. ’ 
 
 The red Warden and the Spanidi W arden are reckoned among the moft 
 excellent of Peares, either to bake or to roail, for the ficke or for the found • 
 And indeede, the Quince and the Warden are the two onely fruits are Deri 
 nutted to the ficke, toeateatany time. “ 
 
 Perry, which is theiuyee of Peares prefled out, is a drinke much efteemed 
 as well as Cyder, to be both drunke at home, and carried to the Sea anH 
 found to be of good vfe in long voyages. ’ 
 
 The Perry made of Choke Peares, notwithftanding theharfhneffe and 
 
 emll tafte, both of the fruit when it is greene , as alfo of the iuyee wlvn it is 
 new made, doth yet after a tew moneths become as milde and pleafanrie 
 wine, and will hardly becknowne by thefight or tafte from it : this hath 
 beene found true by often experience; and therefore wee may admire the 
 goodnefTe of God that hath giuen fuch facilityto fowilde fruits, altooe- 
 ther thought vfelefle, to become vfefull, and apply the benefit thereof both 
 to the comfort of our loulcs and bodies. . n 
 
 ForthePhyficall properties, ifwedoeas Galen teacheth vs, in freundt 
 i^dUmentemm, referre the qualities of Peares to their feuerall taftes as be 
 fore he had done in Apples, we fhali not neede to make a new worke’- thofe 
 that are harfh and fowre doc coole and binde, fweet do nourifh and warme 
 and thofe betweene thefe, to hauc middle vertues, anfwerable to their tem ’ 
 peratures,&c. rrcm 
 
 Much more might be faid, both of thisand the other kinds of fruits- but 
 let this fufficc for this place and worke.vntill a more exadlbe accomplished. 
 
 Chap. XXII. 
 
 Nnx IngUns. The Wallnut. 
 
 A lthough the WaHniit tree beeoften planted inthemiddleof great Court 
 
 folVS 7 rf ° n ^ hi l 8tCat f P rcadin § «keth vp a great deale of 
 roome, his lhadow reaching farre, fo that fcarce any thing can well grow neare 
 
 ^r* CaUfClt 1S lkeVV f ,fe P, Iantcd 10 Ht P ,aces or corners of Orchards, and that it 
 beareth fruit or nuts, often brought to thetable, efpecially while they are frefheft 
 fweeteft and fitteft to be eaten , let not my Orchid P W ant his company , oVyou he 
 knowledge of it. Some doe thinke that there arc many forts of them becaufefome 
 
 ^rblT 0 ! I Th k" OCh u crs ^ nd fome lorl S cr thc n otlicrs,and Tome hnue amorc fran! 
 gible fhell then others; but lam certainly perfwaded, that the fovle and climate 
 
 dper^V'h^ § r< ? w >**_ e *- hc wholcand onely caufe of the varieties and^ferences ^In- 
 deed Virginia hath fent vnto vs two forts of Wallnuts the one blacke rh^rh^tf • 
 
 hem e t > ^ aS ^ CC 'k ee ^ laUen T > knowledge. ^^Ikn^th^C^u&^teporKth’ 
 fromir Pat l \T eta r 0ng WaIlnut > dd %ngin formeand tendernefte of fl,ell 
 ; htTle S- ’ * h,ch ^ ln gkt,grew and bore fafre tenderer leaues then the other and 
 an Oh fa P ab ° Ut the ® d 8 es > whlch (as 1 faiJ ) might alter with the foyle and climate- 
 
 leaue b if dCSy ° U raay obfcrue ’ thaCmany of Clufius differences are very nice, andfo I 
 grow wL C f rat | 2nd fP g ead fa r re5 breakin A ut mto fma’ler branches, wh^ondoc 
 
 greacand round, growing clofe to the flalkesof the leaues, either by couples or by 
 
 three 
 
T, he Orchard. 5 p 5 
 
 three fee together, couered with adouble fliell, that is to fay, with a greene thicke and 
 foft outer rinde,and an inner hard fliell , within which the white kernell is contained 
 couered with a thinncyellow rinde or peeling, which is more eafily peeled away 
 while it is greene then afterwards, and is as it were parted into foure quarters , with a 
 thinne wooddy pecce parting it at the head, very fwcete and plcafant while it is frcfli, 
 and for a whileafter thegathering ; but the elder they growe, the harder and more 
 oily : the catkins or blowings are long and yellow, made of many fcaly leaues fet clofe 
 together, Which come forth early in theSpring,and when they open and fall away vp- 
 on their ftalkes arife certaine fmall flowers, which turne into fo many nuts. ’ 
 
 The Vfe of Wallnuts. 
 
 They are often ferued to the table with other fruits while they abide 
 frefh and fweete ; and therefore many to kcepe them frefh a long time haue 
 deuifed many wayes, as to put them into great pots, and bury them in the 
 ground, and fotakethem out as tbeyfpend them, which is a very good 
 way, and will keepethem long. 
 
 The fmall young nuts whilethey are tender, being preferued or candid, 
 are vfed among other forts of candid fruits, that ferue at banquets. 
 
 The iuyceofthe outer greene huskes are held to beafoueraigneremedy 
 againft either poyfon, or plague, or pcflilcntiall feuer. 
 
 The diftilled water of the huskes drunke with a little vinegar, if the fits 
 growe hot and tedious, is an approued remedy for the fame. 
 
 The waterdiftilled from the leaues, is cffedtuall to be applyed to fluent 
 or running vlcers, to dry and binde thehumours. 
 
 Some haue vfed the pouder of the catkins in white wine, forthefuffoca- 
 tion or ftrangling of the mother. 
 
 TheoyleofWallnuts is vfed to varnilh Ioyners workes. As alfois ac- 
 counted farre to excell Linfeedcoyle, to mixea white colour withall , that 
 thecolourbeenot dimmed. It is of excellent vfeforthccoldnefTe, hard- 
 neffe and contradfing ofchc fine wes and ioynts,to warme, fun pie, and to 
 extend them. 
 
 Chap. XXIII. 
 attune* Equina. The Horfe Chefnut» 
 
 A Lthough the ordinary Chefnutis not a tree planted in Orchards, but left to 
 Woods, Parkes , and other fuch like places j yet wee haue another fort which 
 wee haue nourfedvp from the nuts fent vsfromTurky, ofa greater and more 
 pleafant afpedt for the faire leaues, and of as good vfe for the fruit. It gro weth in time 
 to be a great tree, fpreading with great armes and branches, whereon are fet at feuerall 
 diftanccsgoodlyfairegreatgreeneleaues, diuided into fix, feuen, or nine parts or 
 leaues, euery one of them nicked about the edges, very like vnto the leaues of Ricnut, 
 or Palm a chritti , and almoft as great: it beareth at the ends of the branches many flow- 
 ers fer together vpon a long ftalke, confifting of foure white leaues a peece, with many 
 threads in the middle, which afterwards turne into nuts , like vnto the ordinary Chef- 
 nuts,but fet in rougher and more prickly huskes : the nuts themfelues being rounder 
 and blacker, with a white fpot at the head of each, formed fomewhac like an heart, and 
 of a little Tweeter tafte. 
 
 The Vfe of this Chefnut. 
 
 It ferueth to binde and flop any maner of fluxe, belt ofbloud or humours, 
 either of the belly or ftonaacke; as alfo the much {pitting of bloud.Thcy arc 
 roafted and eaten as the ordinary fort, to make them tafte the better. 
 
 They are vfually in Turkie giuento horfes in their prouender, to cure 
 them of coughes, and helpe them being broken winded. 
 
 Chap. 
 
199 
 
 The Orchard. 
 
 Chap. XXIII I. 
 Merus. The Mulberrie. 
 
 T Herearetwo forts of Mulberries fufficiently known to moft, the blackilh and 
 the white : but wee haue had brought vs from Virginia another fort, which is 
 of greater refpedt theneytherof the other two, not onely in regard of thera- 
 titie, but of the vfe, as you fhall prefently vnderftand. 
 
 i . Morns nigra. TheblackcMulberrle. 
 
 r Theblackc Mulberrie tree groweth oftentimes tall and great, and oftentimes a lfo 
 'crooked, and fpreading abroade, rather then high; for it is fubk&to abide what forme 
 you will conforme it vnto : if by fuffering it togrow.it will mount vp,and If you will 
 binde it, or plafh the boughes, they will fo abide, and be carried oucr arbours, or other 
 things as you will haue it. The bodie groweth in time to bee very great, couered with 
 a rugged orthicke barke, the armes or branches being fmoother, whereon doegrow 
 round thicke leaues pointed at the ends, and nicked about the cdges,and in feme there 
 are to be feene deep gafhes, making it feeme fomewhat like the Vine leafe: the flowers 
 are certaine fhort dounie catkings, whichturne into greene berries at the firft, after- 
 wards red, and when they are full ripe blacke, made of manygrainesfet together, like 
 vnto the blackeberrie, but longer and greater : before they arc ripe, they haue art au- 
 ftere and harflitafte, but when they are full ripe, they are more fwcete and pleafant • 
 the iuice whereof isfored, that it will ftaine the hands of them that handle and eate’ 
 them. 
 
 z. Morus albs. The white Mulberrie. 
 
 The white Mulberrie tree groweth not with vs to that greatneffe or bulke of bodie 
 that the blacke doth, but runneth vp higher, flendcrer, more knotty, hard and brittle, 
 with thinner fpreade armes and branches : the leaues are like the former, but notfo 
 thicke fet on the branches, nor fo hard in handlings little paler alfo, hauing fomewhat 
 longer ftalkes : the fruit is fmaller and clofer fet together, greene, and fomewhat harfli 
 before they be ripe, but of a wonderfullfweetneffe, almoft ready to procureloathing 
 when th ey are thorough ripe, and white, with fuch like feede in them as in the former, 
 but fmaller. 
 
 3 . Monts Virginians. The Virginia Mulberrie. 
 
 The Virginia Mulberry tree groweth quickcly with vs to be a very great tree,fprea- 
 ding many armes and branches, whereon growfairc great leaues, very like vnto the 
 leaues of the white Mulberrie tree : the berry or fruit is longer and redder then either 
 of the other, and of a very pleafant tafte. 
 
 The Vfe of Mulberries. 
 
 _ Thegrcateft and mofl efpeciall vfe of the planting of white Mulber- 
 ries, is for the feeding of Silke vvormes, for which purpofe all the Ea- 
 fterne Countries, as Perfia, Syria, Armenia, Arabia &c. and alfo the hither 
 part of Turkie, Spaine alfo and Italic, and many other hot Countries doc 
 nouri(hthem,becaule it is beft for that purpofe, the wormes feeding there- 
 on, giuing the finefl: and beftfilkc ; yet fome are confident that the leaues 
 ofthe blacke will doe as much good as the white : butthat refpettmuft be 
 hadtochangeyourfeede, becaufe therein lyeth the greateft myfterie. But 
 there is a Booke or Traftate printed, declaring the whole vfe of whatfoeuer 
 can belong vnto them : I will therefore referre them thereunto, that 
 
 would 
 
The Orchard. 
 
 197 
 
 The Wallntat. x C.i(laiea equina. The hotfc Chefnut. 3 Morutnxgr/yelatba, The Mulberry. 4 Mtru*l' T i'f t i^unx' 
 The Virginia Mulbeiry. 5 Uum vulgaris. The ordinary Bay tree, <5 Laaret. ierafuiVir^iTuoaa^ The Vwei iu Cherry Bay. 
 

 The Cor ollarie to this Orchard. 
 
 would fuithet vndcrftand of that matter. 
 
 Mulberries arc not much defired to be eaten, although they be fomewhat 
 pleafant, both for that they ftaine their fingers and lips that cate them, and 
 doe quickly putrefie in the ftomacke, if they bee not taken before meatc. 
 
 They hauc yet a Phyficall vfe, which is by reafon of the aft tingent qua- 
 lity while they are red, and before they bee ripe, for fore mouthcs and 
 throats, or the likc,whereuntoalfo the Syrup, calledDiamoron,isetFe(ftuall. 
 
 inita 
 
 Corollarium. 
 
 A COROLLARIE 
 To this Orchard. 
 
 Here are certaine other trees that beare no fruit fit to bee eaten, which 
 Elii y et arc often feene planted inOrchards,and other fitand conuenient places 
 2H ilM bout an houfe, whereof fomeareofefpeciall vfe, as the Bay tree &c. others 
 Saj^EiS for their beauty and fhadow are fit for walkes or arbours; fome being euer 
 green arc moft fit for hedge-rowes ; and fome others more for their raritie then for any 
 other great vfe,whcrof I thought good to entreat apart by themfelues,and bring them 
 after the fruit trees of this Orchard, as an ornament to accomplifh the fame. 
 
 i. Laurui. The Bay tree. 
 
 T Here are to bee reckoned vp flue kindes of Bay trees, three whereof haue been 
 entreated of in the firft part, a fourth wee will only bring hereto your confi- 
 deration, which is that kinde that is vfually planted in eucry mans yard or 
 orchard, for their vfe throughout the whole land, the other we will leaue to bee con- 
 fidcred of in that place is fit for it. 
 
 The Bay tree rifethvp oftentimes to carry the face of atreeof ameanebigneflein 
 our Countrey ("although much greater in the hoter) and oftentimes (hootethvp with 
 many fuckers from the roote, (hewing it felfe more like to a tall fhrubbe or hedge- 
 bufh,then a tree, hauing many branches, the young ones whereof are fometimes red- 
 difh, but moft vfually of alight or frefh greene colour, when the ftemme and elder 
 boughes are couered with a darke greene barke : the leaues are fomewhat broad, and 
 long pointed as it were at both the ends, hard and fometimes crumpled on the edges, 
 of a darke greene colour aboue,and of a yellowifh greene vnderncath, in fmell fweet, 
 intaftebitter, and abiding euer greene : the flowers arc yellow and moffie, which 
 turne into berries thatare a little long as well as round, whole (hell or outermoft peele 
 is grecneat the fir ft, and blacke when it is ripe 5 wherein is contained an hard bitter ker- 
 nell, which cleaucthin two parts. 
 
 The Vfe of Bayes. 
 
 The Bay leaues are of as neceffary vfe as any other in Garden or Orchard; 
 for they ferueboth for plcafure and profit, both for ornament and for vfe, 
 both for honeft Ciuill vfcs,and for Phyficke, yea both for the ficke and for 
 the found, both for the liuing and for the dead : And fo much might befaid 
 ofthisonetree,tharif it were all told, would as well weary the Reader, as 
 theRelater : buttoexplainemy felfe ; It ferueth to adorne the houfe of 
 Godaswellasof man : to procure warmth, comfort and ftrength to the 
 limmes of men and women, by bathings and annoy ntings outward, and by 
 drinkes&c. inward to the ftomacke, and other parts : to fcafon veflels &c. 
 wherein are preferued our meates,as well as our drinkes : to crovvac or en- 
 circle 
 
 Jill .. 
 
C T be Ctrollarie to this Orchard. 599 
 
 circle as with a garland, the headsof the lining, and to fticke and decke forth 
 the bodies of the dead : fo that from the cradleto the graue we haue ftill vfc 
 of it, we haue ftill neede of it. 
 
 The berries likewifeferue for ftitchcs inward, and for paines outward, 
 that come of cold eyther in the ioynts, finewes,or other places. 
 
 i.Liurea Ccraf turfite Lturm Virginia»* . The Virginian Bay, 
 or Cherry Baye. 
 
 T His Virginian (whether you will call it a Baye, ora Cherrie, ora Cherrie Bay, 
 
 Ilcauc it to cuery ones free will and iudgement, but yet I thinke I may as well 
 call it a Bay as others a Cherrie, neither of them being anfwerable to the tree, 
 which neyther beareth fuch berries as are like Cherries, neither beareth euer greene 
 leaues like the Bay : if it may therefore bee called the Virginia Cherry Bay, for a di- 
 ftindlion from the former Bay Cherry that beareth fairc blacke Cherries, it will more 
 fitly agree thereunto, vntill a more proper may be impofed) rifeth vp to be a tree of a 
 reafonable height, the ftemme or bodie thereof being almoft as great as a mans Iegge, 
 fpreading forth into, diuers armes or boughes, and they againe into diuers fmall bran- 
 ches, whereon arefetwithout order diuers faire broade greene leaues, fomewhatlike 
 vnto rhe former Bay leaues, but more limber and gent le, and not fo hard in handling, 
 broader alfo, and for the moft part ending in a point, but in many fomewhat round 
 pointed, very finely notched or toothed about the edges, of a bitter tafte, very neere 
 refembling the tafte of the Bay leafc,but oflittle or nofent at all, either greene ordry- 
 ed, which fall away euery autumne, andfpringafrelheucryyeare : the bloffomes are 
 fmall and white, many growing together vpon along ftalkc, fomewhat like the Bird 
 Cherry bloftomes, butfmaller, and come forth at the ends of the young branches, 
 which after turne into fmall berries, euery one fet in a fmall cup or huske, greene at the 
 firft, and blacke whenthey are ripe, of the bignefle of a fmall pea fe, of a ftrong bitter 
 tafte, and fomewhat aromaticall withall,but without any fiefliy fubftancelilcaCherry 
 at all vpon it ; for it is altogether like a berry. 
 
 TheVfeof this Virginia Cherry Bay. 
 
 Being a ftrangcrin our Land, andpoflfefledbutof a very few, Idoenot 
 hearethattherehathbeeneanytriall made thereof what properties are irs 
 it : let this therefore fuffice for this prefent,tohaue (hewed you the deferip- 
 tion and forme thereof, vntill we can learne further of his vfes. 
 
 3 .Pious. The Pine tree. 
 
 M Y purpofe in this place is not to (hew you all the diuerfities of Pine trees, or 
 of the reft that follow, but of that onekinde is planted in many places of our 
 Land for ornament and delight, and there doth reafonably well abide : take 
 it therefore into this Orchard,for the raritie and beautic of it, though we haue little o- 
 thervfeof it. 
 
 The Pine tree groweth with vs, though (Iowely, to a very great height in many 
 places, with a great ftraight bodie, couered with a grayilh greene barke, the younger 
 branches are fet round about, with very narrow long whiti(h greene leaues, which fall 
 away from the eider, but abide on the younger, beingboth winter and fummeral- 
 waics greene. It hath growing in fundry places on the branches, certaine great hard 
 wooddy clogs (called of fome apples,of others nuts) compofed of many hard wood- 
 dy feales, or tuberous knobs, which abide for the moft part alwaies greene in our 
 Countrey, and hardly become browni(h,as in other Countries,where they haue more 
 heat and comfort of the Sun, and where the feales open themfelues ; wherein are con- 
 tained white long and round kernels, very fweete while they arefrelh, butquickely 
 growing oy lely and rancide. 
 
 The 
 
6oo 
 
 ‘I be Corottarie to this Orchard. 
 
 The Vfe of the Pine apples and kernels. 
 
 The Cones or Apples are vfed of diuers Vintners in this City bein® 
 painted, to exprcfle a bunch of grapes, whercunto they are very like and 
 are hung vp in their butties, as alfo to fatten keycs vnto them, as is feene in 
 many places. 
 
 The kernels within the hard fliels, while they are frefh or newly taken 
 out, are vfed many waies, both with Apothecaries, Comfit-makers and 
 Cookes : for of them are made medicines, good to lenifie the pipes and 
 paifages of the lungs and throate, when itishoarfe. Of them are made 
 Comfits, Paftes, Marchpanes, and diuers other fuch like : And withthem 
 a cunning Cooke can make diuers Keck fliofes for his Matters table. 
 
 Matt hiolus commendeth the water of the greene apples diftilled " to take 
 away the wrinkles in the face, toabatetheouer-fwellingbreattsof Mai 
 dens, by fomenting them after with linnen clothcs,wet in the water-and to" 
 reftore fuch as are rauiflrt into better termes. 5 
 
 4. Abies. The Firre tree. 
 
 T HeFirretree groweth naturally higher then any other tree in thefe parts of 
 Chriftendome where no Cedars grow, and euen equalling orouer-toppin® 
 
 the Pine: the ftemme or bodie is bare without branches for a great heic-ht if 
 
 they bee elder trees, and then branching forth at one place of thebodiefoure wayesin 
 manner ofa crofle,thofe boughes againe hauing two branches at euery ioyntjon which 
 are fet on all fides very thicketogcthermanyfmall narrow long hard whititti greene 
 leaues, and while they are young tending to yellownefle, but nothing fo long or hard 
 or lliarpe pointed as the Pine tree leaues, growing [mailer and ihorter to the end of the 
 branches : the bloomings are certaine [mall long fcaly catkins, of a yellowifli colour 
 commmg forth at the ioy nts of the branches, which fall away : the cones arc fmaller 
 and longer then of the Pine n ee, whereinare fmall three [quare feede contained, not 
 halfe fo big as the Pine kernels. 
 
 TheVfe ofthcFirretree. 
 
 , The vfe of tIlis tree growne with vs of late daies to bee more frequent for the 
 budding of houfes then euer before : for hereof (namely of Deale timber and Deale 
 boords) are framed many houfes,and rheirfloores,wichout the heJpcofany other tim- 
 ber or boord of any other treealmoft ; as alfo for many other workes and purnofes 
 T he yellow Rotten that 1S vfed as well to make falucs as for many other common vfe s 
 is taken from this tree, as the Pitch is both from the Pitch and Pine rrees,and is bovled 
 to make it to bee hard, but was at the firft a yellow thin cleere Turpentine, and is that 
 beft f° r t of common Turpentine is altogether in vfe with vs, as alfo another more 
 thicke.whirifh, and troubled, both which are vfed infalues, both for man and beatt 
 (but not inwardly as the cleere white Venice Turpentine is) and ferueth both to draw 
 c canle and heale. Dodonatus feemeth to fay, that the cleere white Turpentine, called 
 
 y. Ilex arbor. The eucr-greene Oafce. 
 
 T H'/£* or euer-greene Oake rifeth in time to be a very great tree, but very Ion® 
 and flow in growing(asis to be feene in the Kings priuy Garden at Whitehall 
 growing iuftagainft thebackegaterhatopenethinrothewaygoingtoWeft- 
 tninfter,and in fome other placesttpreading many fair large great armes and branches 
 whereon ai$ fet fraall and hard greene leaues, fomewhatendcr.ted orcornered, and 
 
 prickly 
 
I Vinut The Pine tree, i Abies- The Firre tree. 3 Ilex- The cucr greene Oake. 4 Cuprejfus , The Ciprefic tree- 5 Arlutas. ■ he 
 Strawberry tree. 6 AUternm- The cuerarcenc Prince. 
 
 Eee 
 
 The Cor ollarie to this Orchard. 
 
02 The Corollarie to this Orchard. 
 
 prickly onthe edges, efpecially in the young trees, and ibmetimes on thole branches 
 that are young and newly iprung forth from the elder rootes, but elfc in a manner all 
 fmooth in the elder gro wne, abiding greenc all the winter as well as fummer, and are 
 of a grayilh greene on the vnderfide.lt bearech in the fpring time cerraine (lender long 
 branches (like as other Okes doej with (mail yellowilh moflie flowers on them, which 
 fall away, and are vnprofitablc, the acornes not growing from thofe places, but from 
 others which are like vnto thofe of our ordinary Oake, but fmaller and blacker, and fet 
 in a more-rugged huske or cuppe. This and no other kinde of Ilex doe I know to grow 
 in all our land in any Garden or Orchard :for that kind with long and narrower leaues, 
 and not prickly .growing fo plentifully as Matthiolus faith in Tuicane,I haie not fecn: 
 and it is very probable to bee the fame that Plinie remembreth to hauethe leafeof an 
 Oliue ; but not as fojne would haue ir, that 5w;/«Theophtaftus maketh mention of 
 in his third Booke and fixteenth Chapter of his Hiftorie of Plants, which the Arca- 
 dians fo called, and had the lcafe of the /lex, but not prickly : for Theophraftus faith, 
 the timber of Smilax is fmooth andfoft, and this of the ilex is harder, andftronger 
 then an Oake. 
 
 The Vfeof the Ilex or cuer- greene Oake. 
 
 Seeing this is to be accounted among the kindesof Oake (and all Oakes 
 by Diofcorides his opinion are binding) it is alfo of thefame qualitie,but a 
 little weaker, and may ferueto ftrengthen weake mcmbers.Theyoung tops 
 and leaues are alfo vfed in gargles for the mouth and throate. 
 
 6 Cuprejfus. The Cypreffe tree. 
 
 T He Cypreffe tree that is nourfed vp by vs, in our Country, doth grow in thofe 
 places where it hath beenc long planted, to a very great height, whofebodie 
 and boughes are couered with a reddifh a(h-coloured bark ; the branches grow 
 not fpreading, but vpright clofe vnto the bodie, bufhing thicke below, and fmall vp- 
 wards, fpirefafhion, thofe below reaching neere halte the way to them abone, where- 
 on doe grow cuer greene leaues, fmall, long and flat, of arefinousfwectefmell, and 
 ftrong tafte, fome what bitter : the fruit, which are called nuts, grow here and there a- 
 mong the boughes, flicking clofe vnto them, which are fmall, and clouen into diuers 
 parts, but clofe whilethey areyoung, ofa ruffetifli browne colour s wherein are con- 
 tained fmall bro wne feede, but not fo fmall as motes in the Sunne, as Matthiolus and 
 others make them to be. 
 
 The V fe of the Cypreffe tree. 
 
 For the goodly proportion this tree beareth, as alfo for his euer-greene 
 head, itisandhathbeeneof great account with all Princes, both beyond, 
 and on this fide of the Sea, to plant them inrowes on both fides of fome 
 fpatious walke, which by reafon of their high gro wing, and little fpreading, 
 muff be planted the thicker together, and fo they giue a goodly, pleafant and 
 fweet fhadow : or elfe alone, if they haue not many, in the middle of fome 
 quaiter, or as they thinke meete. The wood thereof is firmc and durable, 
 or neuer decaying, ofa brown yellow colour,andofaflrong fweetefmell, 
 whereof Cherts or Boxes are made to keepe apparell, linnen,fut res,and o- 
 ther things, to preferue them from raoths,and to giue them a good fmell. 
 
 Many Phyficall properties, both wood, leaues and nuts haue, which here 
 is not my purpofe to vnfold, but only to tell you, that the leaues being boy- 
 led in wine,anddrunke, helpe the difficultie of making vrine, and that the 
 nuts are binding, fit to bee vfed to flay fluxes or laskes, and good alfo for 
 ruptures. 
 
 ’j.Arhtu: 
 
The Cor ollare to this Orchard. 
 
 7. Arbutus. T he Strawberry tree. 
 
 T He Strawberry tree growerh but (lowly, and rifeth not to the height of any 
 greattree, no not in France, Italy, or Spaine : and with vs the coldndle of our 
 country doth the more abate his vigour, fo that it feldomerifeth to the height 
 of a man: the barke of the body is rough, and Imooth in theyoungcrbranches : the 
 leaues are faire and greene, very like vnto Bayeleaues, finely dented or fnipped about 
 theedges, abiding alwayes greene thereon both Winrerand Summer : the flowers 
 come forth at the end of the branches vpon long flalkes, not cluftering thicke toge- 
 ther, but in long bunches, and are final!, white, and hollow, like alittle bottle , or the 
 flowerofLilly Conually, which afterrurne into rough or rugged berries, moft like 
 vnto Strawberries (which hath giuen the nametothe tree) fomewhat reddifh when 
 they are ripe, of a harfli tafte , nothing pleafant, wherein are contained many fmall 
 feedes : It hardly bringeth his fruit toripeneffe in ourcountrey ; forintheirnaturall 
 places they ripen not vntill Winter, which there is much milder then with vs. 
 
 The Vfe of the Strawberry tree. 
 
 Amatus Lufitanuslthinke is the firft that euer recorded , that the water 
 diftilled from the leaues and flowers hereof, (houldbee very powerfull a- 
 gainftthe plagueand poyfons : for all the ancient Writers doe report, that 
 the fruit hereof being eaten , is an enemy to the ftomacke and head. And 
 Clufiuslikewife fetteth downc , that at Lifhbone,and other places in Por- 
 tingall where they are frequent, they are chiefly eaten, but of the poorer 
 fort, women and boy es. They are fomewhat aftringent or binding, and 
 therefore may well ferue for fluxes. It is chiefly nourfed with vs for the 
 beauty and rarenefle of the tree,for that it beareth his leaues alwayes green. 
 
 .§* y^iUternus, The cuer greene Pritier. 
 
 T Hc tree which we haue growing in our country called Alaternus , gro weth not 
 to be a tree of any height ; but abiding lowe, fpreadeth forth many branches, 
 whereon are fet diuers fmall and hard greene leaues, fomewhat round for the 
 forme, and endented a littleby the edges : it beareth many fmall whitifli greene flow- 
 ersat the ioynts of the ftalkes,and fetting on ofthe lowerleaues cluftering thicke toge- 
 ther, which after turne into fmall blackc berries, wherein are conrained many fmall 
 graines orfeedes : the beauty and verdure ofthefe leaues abiding fo frcfliall theyeare, 
 doth caufc it to be of the greater refpedt 5 and therefore findeth place in their Gardens 
 onely, that are curious conferuers of all natures beauties. 
 
 The Vfe of the euer greene Priuet. 
 
 It is feldome vfed for any Phyficall property , neither with vs, nor in, the 
 places where it is naturali and plentifull : but as Clufius reporteth, hce lear- 
 ned that the Portingall Filhermen do dye their nets red with the deco&ion 
 ofthe barke hereof, and that the Dyers in thofe parts doe vfe the fmall pec- 
 ces of the wood to ftrike a blackifh blew colour. 
 
 9 - Celtslrui Tkciphr/tBi Clufio, Clufius his Celaftrus. 
 
 A Lthough the Collediour (who is thought to be Ioannes Molineus of thegreat 
 Herball or Hiftory of plants, and generally bearing Dalefchampius name, be- 
 caufe the finding and relation of diuers herbes therein exprefled, is appropiate 
 to him, and printed at Lyons) ofall our moderne Writers doth firft of all others ap- 
 point the CeUJlrus , whereof Theophraftus onely among all the ancient Writers of 
 
 Eee a plants 
 
The Corollary to this Orchard. 
 
 6oq. 
 
 plants maketh mention , to be the fir ft Jl.tteraustlux. Clulius hath fet forth in his Hi- 
 ftbry of rarer plants: yet I findc, that Clulius himfelfe before his death doth appro- 
 piate that CeUJlrus of Theophraftus to another plant , growing in the Garden at Ley. 
 den, which formerly of diuers had beene taken to beakindeofZaar** Tinus t or the 
 wildeBayej but he impugning that opinion for diuers refpedts , decyphreth out that 
 Leyden tree in the fame manner that I doe: andbecaufcit isnot onely faire,in bearing 
 his leaues alwayes greene, but rare alfo, being nourfed vp in our Land in very few pla- 
 ces, but principally with a good old Lady, the widow of Sir Iohn Lcufon, dwelling 
 necreRochefter in Kent; I thought it fit to commend it for an ornament, toadornc 
 this our Garden and Orchard. It growethvp to the height of a reafonabletree, the 
 body whereof is couered with a darke coloured barke, as the elder branchesare in like 
 manner ; the younger branches being greene , whereon are let diuers leaues thicke to- 
 gether, two alwayes at a ioynt, one againft another , ofa fad but fairc greene colour 
 on the vpperfide,and paler vnderncath,which arelittlc or nothing at all Inipped about 
 the edges, as large as the leaues of th e Lduru* Tinas , orwilde Baye tree: at the end of 
 the young branches breakc forth between the leaues diuers finall ftalkes, with foure or 
 fiue flowers on each of them, ofa yellowilh greene colour, which turne into fmall ber- 
 ries, of the bigneffe of blackc Cherries, greene at the firft, and red when they begin to 
 be ripe, but growing blacke if they hang too long vpon the branches , wherein is con- 
 tained a hard (hell, and a white hard kerncll within it , couered with a yellowilh skin, 
 Thisabideth (as I faid before) with greene leaues as well Winter as Summer; and 
 therefore fitted to be planted among other of the fame nature, to make an euer greene 
 hedge. 
 
 The Vfe of Clufius his Celaftrus. 
 
 u 
 
 Being fo great a ftranger in this part of theChriftian world, I know 
 none hath made tryall of what property it is, but that the tafte of the leaues 
 is fomewhat bitter. 
 
 10. Pjncdntb*. The euer greene Hawthorne, 
 or prickly Corail tree. 
 
 T His euer greene fhrubbe is fo fine an ornament to a Garden or Orchard , either 
 to be nourfed vp into a fmall tree by it felfc , bypruining and taking away the 
 fuckers and vnder branches, or by fuffering it to grow with fuckers, rhickcand 
 plafhing the branches into a hedge, for that it is plyable to be ordered either way; that 
 I could not but giue you the knowledge thereof, with the defeription in this manner. 
 Thcyoungbr branches are couered with a fmooth darke blewifh greene barke, and 
 the elder with a more alh coloured, thicke fet with leaues without order, fome greater 
 and others fmaller, fomewhat like both in forme and bigneffe vnto the leaues of the 
 Barberry tree, but fomewhat larger, and more fnipt about the edges, of a deeper green 
 colour alfo, and with fmall long thornes fcattered here & there vpon the branchcsitbc 
 flowers come forth as well at the ends of the branches, as at diuers places at the ioynts 
 of the leaues, {landing thicke together, of a pale whitifli colour, a little dalht oucr with 
 a (hew of blulh , confiding of fiue leaues a peece, with fome fmall threads in the mid- 
 dle, which turne into berries, very like vnro Hawthorne berries , but much redder and 
 dryer, almoft like polilhed Corall, wherein are contained foure or fiue fmall yellowilh 
 white three fquare feede, fomewhat Ihining. It is thought to be the Oxyauwtbt of Di- 
 ofcorides; but feeing Diofcorides doth explaine the forme of the leafe in his Chapter 
 ©f Medlars, which he-concealed in the Chapter of Oxyaaathd, it cannot be thefame : 
 for Mefpilus Anthedon of Theophraftus , or ^frcr.U of Diofcorides , haththe leafe of 
 Oxjactnthi, as Diofcorides faith , or of Smalladgc, as Theophraftus , which cannot 
 agree to this Thorne ; but doth moft liuely delineate out our white Thorne or Haw- 
 thorne, that now there is no doubt , but that OxydCdnthd of Diofcorides is the Haw- 
 thorne tree orbulh. 
 
 The Vfe of this Corail tree. 
 
 Although Lobcl maketh mention of this tree to grow both in Italy, and 
 
 Prouincc 
 
7 * he Cwottarie to this Orchard. 
 
 605 
 
 ’ ««^.CIuEushisCcIaftrus. 1 Pyracnntba-The riser green prickly Corall tree, , ra*«.The Ycwc tree. 4 tewri 
 
 »*>r Che Bo« tree J Buxki bumtik. ThdowcoriivvarfeBoxt. i5 Sal>hi.The Saainetree. 7 Z>,r/<j<r*iChrifls thorite. 3 Iari*,Ttre 
 Larch tret. Eeaj 
 
 gcjaGtexc'Sgs; 
 
6o6 
 
 j? bt Corcllane to this Orchard. 
 
 Prouence in France, in fome of their hedges, yet he faith it is neglc&ed in 
 the naturali places, and to be of no vfe with them : neither doe I hcare, that 
 it is applyed to any Phyficall vfe with vs , but (as I before faid) it is prefer- 
 ued withdiuersas an ornament to a Garden or Orchard, by reafonof his 
 euer greene leaues, and red berries among them , being a pleafant fpedtacle, 
 and fit to be brought into the forme of an hedge, as one pleafe to lead ir. 
 
 ii .T ixus . The Y ewe tree. 
 
 T He Y ewe tree gro weth with vs in many places to bee a reafonable great tree, 
 but in hoter countries much bigger, couered with a reddiih gray fcaly barkc ; 
 the younger branches are reddiih likewiie, whereon grow many winged 
 leaues, that is, many narrow long darke greene leaues, iet on both fides of a long ftalke 
 • or branch, neuer dying or falling away, but abiding on perpetually, except ir be on the 
 elder boughes : the flowers are fmall, growing by the leaues , which turne into round 
 red berries, like vnto red Afparagus berries, in tafte fweetifh , with a little bitterneife, 
 and caufing no harme to them forany thing hath been knowne in our country, 
 
 T he Vfe of the Y ewe tree. 
 
 It is found planted both in the corners of Orchards, and againft the win- 
 dowesofHoufes, to be both a ihadow and an ornament, in being al way es 
 greene, and to deckevpHoufes in Winter :but ancient Writers haue euer 
 reckoned it to be dangerous at the leaft, if not deadly. 
 
 12. Buxus. The Boxc tree. 
 
 T He Boxe tree in fome places is a reafonable tall tree , yet growing flowly • the 
 trunke or body whereof is of the bigneffe of a mans thigh, which is the biggeft 
 thateuerlfaw: butfometimes, and in other places it groweth much lower, 
 vfually not aboue ayard, or ayard and a halfe high , on the backe fides of many Hon- 
 fes, and in the Orchards likewifer the leaues are fmall, thicke and hard, andftillche 
 greater or lefter the tree is, the greater or lelferare theleaues, round pointed , and of a 
 freih fliining greene colour : the flowers are fmall and greenifii, which turne into 
 heads or berries, withfourc homes, whittilh on the outfide, and with reddiih feede 
 within them. 
 
 tuxu! tureus. Thereis another kinde hereof but lately come to ourknowledge, which differeth 
 
 Gilded Boxc. not in any thing from the former , but onely that all theleaues haue a yellow lift or 
 .^ard about theedgeofthem on thevpperfide, and none on the lower, which maketh 
 it feeme very beautifull i and is therefore called gilded Boxe. 
 iuxm himiiif. We haueyet anotherkinde of Boxe, growing fmall and loWc, not abouehalfea 
 Dwarfe Boxe. foote, or a foote high at the moft, vnleffe it be negle&ed , which then doth grow a lit- 
 tle more flirubby, bearing the like leaues, but fmaller, according to thegrowth, and of 
 a deeper greene colour : I could neuer know that this kinde euer bore flower or feede, 
 but is propagated by flipping the rootc, which en crca feth very much. 
 
 • The Vfe of Boxc. 
 
 The wood of the Boxe tree is vfed in many kindes of fmall works among 
 Turners, becaufe it is hard, clofe, and firme, and as fome baue faid, the roots 
 much more, in regard of the diuers waues and crooked vcines running 
 through it. It hath no Phyficall vfe among the moft and beft Phy ficians, al- 
 though fome haue reported it to ftay fluxes , and to be as good as the wood 
 of Guaiacum^ov Lignum vtu for the French difeafe. The leaues and bran» 
 dies ierue both Summer and Winter to dccke vp houfes 5 and are many 
 times giuen to horfes for the bots. 
 
 The lowe or dwarfe Boxe isofexcellentvfeto bordervpaknot, or th c 
 
 Ion 
 
The Cor ollarie to this Orchard , 6 < 
 
 longbedsinaGarden,beingamaruailous fine ornament thereunto , in re- 
 gard it bothgroweth lowe, is cuer greene, and by cutting may beekept in 
 what maner euery one pleafc,as I haue before fpoken more largely. 
 
 I Satina. The Sauine tree or bull). 
 
 T He Sauine tree orbufh that is moll vfuall in our country , is a fmall lowe bulb, 
 not fo high asa man in any place, nor fo bigge in the flemme ormmkeas a 
 mans arme, with many crooked bending boughes and branches , w hereon are 
 fet many fiuall, Ihort, hard, and prickly leaues, of a darkegreen colour, frefli and green 
 both Winter and Summer: it is reported, that in the naturali places it bcareth imall 
 blacke berries, like vn to Iuniper, but with vs it wasneuer knowneto beare any. 
 
 The Vfeof Sauine. 
 
 It is planted in out- yards, backfides, or voide places ofOrchards,as well 
 to call clothes thereon to dry , as for medicines both for men and horfes: 
 being made into an oyle, it is good to annoint childrens bellies for to kill 
 the Wormes : and the powderthereof mixed with Hogs grcafe,to annoinc 
 the running fores or fcabs in their heads; but beware how you giue it in- 
 wardly to men, women, or children, it is often put into horfes drenches, 
 to helpe to cure them of the bots, and other difeafes. 
 
 14. Paliurus. Chriftsthorne'. 
 
 T His thorny fhrubbe( wherewith as it is thought, ouj- SauiourChriftwas crow- 
 ned, becaufeas thofe that haue trauelled through Paleflina and ludara, doe re- 
 port no other thorne doth grow therein fo frequent, or foapt to be writhed) 
 xifeth in fome places to areafonable height, but in our country feldome excecdeth the 
 height of a man, bearing many flender branches, full of leaues , let or. either fide 
 thereofone by one, which are lomewhat broad and round, yet point. d, and full of 
 veines, thicke fet alfo with fmall thornes, eucn at the foote of euery branch, and at the 
 foote of euery lcafe one or two, forae Handing vpright, others a little bending Jownc: 
 the flowers are fmall and yellow, Handing for the mod part at the end of the bran- 
 ches, many growing vpon a long flalke, which after turne into round , flat, and hard 
 fhelly fruit, yet couered with afoftflefhy skinne , within which are included two or 
 three hard,fmalI,andbrowne flat feeds, lying in feuerall partitions. The leaues hereof 
 fallaway euery yeare,and fpring forth afrelhagaine the next May following. The ra- 
 rity and beauty of this Ihrubbe, but chiefly (aslthinke) the n?me hath caufed this to 
 be muck accounted of with all louets of plants. 
 
 The Vfe of Chrifls thorne. 
 
 _ • * r , . ~ . . m 
 
 Wee haue fo few of thefe Ihrubbes growing in our country, and thofe 
 that are, doe, for any thing I can vnderfland, neuer beate fruit with vs ; that 
 there is no other vfe made hereofthen to delight the owners: but this is cer-* 
 tainly receiued for the Paliurus of Diofcorides and Theophraflus, and 
 thought alfo by Matthiolus to be the very true Rhamnus tertius of Diofco- 
 rides. Matthiolus alfofeemeth to contradidi the opinion is held by the 
 Phy fitiarss of Mompelier, and others, that it cannot be the Paliurus of The- 
 ophraflus. It is held tobe effedluall to helpe to breake the Hone, both in the 
 bladder, rcines, and kidney es:the leaues and young branches haue an aflrin- 
 gent quality, and good again!! poyfons and the bitings of ferpents. 
 
 ' * ' ' • . 
 
 larix' 
 
l I be Corollarie to this Orchard. 
 
 15. Larix. The Larch tree. 
 
 T He Larch tree, where irnaturally groweth, rifeth vp to be as tall as the Pine or 
 Firre tree, bat in our Land being rare , andnouvfed vpbut withafew, and 
 thofe onely louers of rarities, it groweth both (lowly, and becommerh not 
 high : the barke hereof is very rugged and thicke,thc boughes and branches grow one 
 aboue another in a very comely order, hauingdiuers fmall yellowi(h knobs or bun- 
 ches fet thereon at feuerall diftancesj from whence doe yearely (hootc forth many 
 fmall, long, and narrow fmooth leaues together, both (horter and (mailer , and not (o 
 hard or (harpe pointed as either the Pine or Firre tree leaues , which doenotabide 
 the Winter as they doe, but fall away eueryycare, as other trees which (hed thc.r 
 Jeaues, and gaine frefh eucry Spring : the blodomes are very beautifull and delcdiable 
 being of an excellent fine critnfon colour, which (landing among the gTeene leaues' 
 allure the eyes of the beholders to regard it with the more defire : it al fo beareth in the 
 haturall places (but not in our Land that I could heare) fmall foft cones or fruit fome- 
 what like vnto CyprefTc nuts, when they are greeneand clofe. 
 
 The coles of the wood hereof (becaufe It Is fo hard and durable as none 
 more) is held to be of mod force being fired, to caufe the Iron oare to melr 
 which none other would doe fo well. Matthiolus contefteth againft Fuch- 
 fius, for deeming the Venice Turpentine to be the liquid Roden ofthc Firre 
 tree, which heaffareth vpon his owne experience and certaine knowledge, 
 to be drawne from this Larch tree, and none other; which clcere Turpin- 
 tine is altogether vfed inwardly, and no other, except that of the true Tur- 
 pintine tree, and is very effedtuall to cleanfe the reincs, kidney cs, and blad- 
 der, both of grauell and the (lone , and to prouoke vrine : it is aifo of e(pe- 
 ciall property forthc^»*rr/;«,orrunning of thereines, as itis ca!led,with 
 fome powder of white Amber mixed therewith , taken for certaine day es 
 together. Taken alfoinanEle&uary, it is Angular good for to expectorate 
 rotten flegme,and to hclpe the confumption of the lungs. It is vfed in plai- 
 fters and falues, as the beft fort of Turpintine. The Agarickc that is vfed in 
 phyficke, is taken from the bodies and armesof this tree. And Matthiolus 
 doth much infift againft Brafauolus, that thought other trees had produced 
 Agarickc, affirming them to be hard fungi , or Mufliroms (fuch as wee call 
 Touch-wood)whcrwithmanyvfeto take fire, ftrookc thereinto from ftccle. 
 
 T Herearetwo forts of Line trees, the male and the female; but becaufe the male 
 is rareto befeene, and thefemale is more familiar, Ivvill onelygiueyouthe 
 defeription of the female, and leaue the other. 
 
 The female Line-treegroweth exceeding high and great, like vnto anElme, with 
 many large fpreading boughes, couered with a fmooth barke, the innermoft being 
 very plyant and bending from whence come (mailer branches , all of them fo plya- 
 blc, thatthey may bee led or carried into any forme you plcaft: the leaues thereon 
 are very faire, broad, and round, fomewhat like vnroElme leaues, bur fairer, fmoother, 
 and ofafrefhergreene colour, dented finely about the edges, andendinginafharpe 
 point: the flowers arc white, and of a good fmell, many (landing together at the top 
 of a ftalkc, which runneth all along the middle ribbe of a (mail long whirifli Ieafc ; af- 
 ter which come (mall round berries, wherein is contained fmall blackifh (cede : this 
 tree is wholly negledfed by thofe that hauc them, or dwell nccrethem, becaufethey 
 fuppofeit to be fruiclefle, in regard it bcaretb chaffic huskes , which in many places 
 fall away, without giuing ripefeede. 
 
 The Vfe of the Larch tree. 
 
 1 6. TV/w.TheLincor Linden tree. 
 
 1 
 
 The 
 
The Corollary to this Orchard. 
 
 i Tiiia fxvi.ni. The Line or Linden tree, i Tatnarifeut. The Tamariskc tree. 3 Acer mam latifolnm. The Sycomore tree. 4 Staphy- 
 lodendron. The blad Jer nut. * i\bus Myrtifolia. The Mirde leafed Sttiaach. 6 Rh& Virtfataria, Toe Buckjhoinc tree. 7 Vila [c* 
 filius Hedera Virginsnfu. The Virginia Vine or rather Iuie« 
 
6 io 
 
 The Cor ollarie to this Orchard. 
 
 TheVfe of theLinetree. 
 
 It is planted both to make goodly Arbours, and Summer banquetting 
 houfes, either belowevpon theground, theboughes feruingvery hand- 
 fomely to plaih round about it , orvp higher, forafecondaboueit, anda 
 third alfo : for the more it is depre(Ted,the better it will grow. And I haue 
 feeneatCobhamin Kent, a tall or great bodied Line tree, bare withont 
 boughes for eight foote high, and then the branches were fpread round a- 
 bout fo orderly , as if it were done by art, and brought to compaifethat 
 middle Arbour : And from thofe boughes the body was bare againe for 
 eight or nine foote (wherein might bee placed halfcan hundred men at the 
 leaft.as there might be likewife in that vnderneath this)& then another rowe 
 of branches to encompaffe a third Arbour, withflayres made for the pur- 
 pofetothis and that vnderneath it : vponthe boughes were laid boards to 
 tread vpon, which was the goodliefl fpetftade mine eyes euer beheld for 
 one tree to carry. 
 
 Thecoles of the woodarethe belt to make Gunpowder. Andbcin» 
 kindled, and quenched in vinegar, are good to diflolue clotted bloud in 
 thofe that are bruifed with a fall. The inner barke being fleeped in water 
 yeeldeth a flimie iuyee, which is found by experience, to be very profitable 
 for them that haue been burnt with fire. 
 
 17. Tawar/'x.Tamarisketree. 
 
 T He T amariske tree that is common in our country , although in fome places it 
 doth not grow great, yet I haue feene it in fome other, to be as great as a great 
 apple tree in the body, bearing great at rasjfrora whofc fmaller branches f pring 
 forth young (lender red (hootes, fet with many very fine, finall, and (hort leaues, a lit- 
 tle crifped, like vnto the leaues of Sauine,nat hard or rough, but foft and greene : the 
 flowers be white moffie threads, which turne into douniefeede, that is carried away 
 with the windc. 
 
 ^ There is another kinde hereof very beautifull and rare, not to be feene in this Land 
 
 White Tasia-I thinke, but with M r . William Ward,the Kings feruant in his Granary, before remem - 
 tttke. bred, who brought me a finall twigge to fee from his houfe at Boram in EfTex , whofc 
 branches are all red while they are young, and alltheleaucswhite, abiding foallthc 
 Summer long, without changing into any (hew of greene like the other,and foabideth 
 conflant yeare after yeare, yet fhedding the leaues in Winter like the other. 
 
 The Vfe of T amariske. 
 
 The greatefl vfe ofTamariske is for fpleneticke difeafes.either the leaues 
 or the barke made into drinkes ; or the wood madeinto finall Cans or Cups 
 to drinkein. 
 
 1 8. Acer qtdius Utifolium. The great Maple or Sycomore tree. 
 
 T He Sycomore tree, as we vfually call (and is the greatefl kind of Maple, che- 
 rifhed in our Land onely in Orchards, or elfewhere for fhadeand wu!kes,both 
 here in England , and in fome other countries alfo) groweth quickly to been 
 faire fpreading great tree, with many boughes and branches,whofe barke isfomewhat 
 fmooth .-the leaues are very great, large, and fmooth, cut into foureorfiuediuifions, 
 and ending into fo many corners, euery one flanding on a long reddifh flalke: the bloo- 
 mings arc ofayellowifh greene colour, growing many together on each fide ofa lon<> 
 fla'.ke, which aft er turne into long and broad winged feedc,two al waies flanding to"<> 
 ther on a flalke, and bunched out in the middle, where the feed or kernell lyeth , very 
 likevnto the common Maplegrowing wilde abroad, but many more together, and 
 fcrger. T hc 
 
C 1 be Coroll irieto'tbis Orchard. 
 
 The Vfc of the Sycomore tree. 
 
 It isaltogether planted for fhady walkes, and hath no other vfe with vs 
 thatlknovv. 
 
 1 9. Nttx V ‘ficartt. The bladder Nut. 
 
 T His tree growgth not very high , but is of a meane ftature, when it is preferued 
 and pruined to grow vpright , or elfe it Ihooteth forth many twigges from the 
 rootes , and 1 o is fit to plant in a hedge ro we , as it is vied in fome" places : the 
 body and armes are couered with a whitilh greenebarke: the branches and Ieaues on 
 them are like vnto the Elder, hauing three or flue Ieaues fet one again!! another , with 
 one of them at the end, each whereof is nicked or dented about the edges: the flowers 
 are fwcete and white, many growing together on a long ftalke, hanging downeward, 
 in forme refembling a fmall Daffodill, hauing a fmall round cup in the middle, and 
 Ieaues about it : after which come the fruit, inclofed in rulTetilhgreenc bladders, con- 
 taining one or two brownifh nuts, ldferthen Hafellnuts, whofe outer fhell is not 
 hard and woody, like the Ihell of a nut,but rough, and hard withall,not ealie to breake, 
 within which is a greene kernell, fweet ifh at the firft, but lothfome afterwards , ready 
 to procure calling, and yet liked of fome people, who can well endure to eate them. 
 
 The Vfe of the Bladder Nut. 
 
 The greateft vfe that I fcnowthetreeor his fruit is put vnro, is, that it is 
 receiuedintoan Orchard, 1 either forthe rarity ofthekindc, being fuffered 
 to grow into a tree, or(as 1 laid before) to make an hedge, being letgrow 
 into fuckers. 
 
 SomeQuackfaluershauevfed rhefenutsasamedicine of rare vertue for 
 the (lone, but what good they haue done, I neuer yet could leatne. 
 
 20 . Rhus Myrtifolu. TheMirtle leafed Sumach. 
 
 T His lowe (hrubbe groweth feldometc the height of a man, hauing many {len- 
 der branches, and long winged Ieaues fet thereon, euery one whereof is of the 
 bignelfe of the broad or large Mirtle leafe, and fet by couples all the length of 
 the ribbe, running through the middle of them. It bcareth diuers flowers at the tops 
 of the branches, madeof many purple threads, which turne into fmall blacke berries, 
 wherein are contained fmall, white, and rough leed,fomewhat like vnto Grape kernels 
 or ftones.This vfeth to dye down to the ground in my Gafden euery Winter, and rife 
 vp again euery Spring, whetherthe naturethereof were fo, or the coldnelfeof our cli- 
 mate thecaufe therof,I am not well affured.lt is alfo rare, and to be feen but with a few. 
 
 The Vfe of this Sumach. 
 
 It is vfed to thicken or tanne leather or hides, in the fame manner that the 
 ordinary Sumach doth 5 as alfo to {lay fluxes both in men and women. 
 
 li.Rhui Virginum. The Virginia Sumach, or 
 Buckes horne tree ofVirginia. 
 
 T His ftrange tree becommeth in-fome places to bee of a reafonable height and 
 bignelfe, the wood whereof is white, loft, and pithy in the middle, like vnto 
 an Elder, couered with a darkc coloured barke, fomewhat fmooth : the young 
 branches that are of the laft yeares growth arefomewbat reddifh or browne, very lofc 
 
 and 
 
6iZ 
 
 The Ccrollarie to this Orchard. 
 
 and fmooth in handling, and fo like vnto the Veluec head of a Deere , that if one were 
 cutoff from the tree, and Hie wed by itfelfc, it might foone deceiue a right good 
 Woodman, and as they grow feemc moft like thereunto, yeeldingayellowifhiiiilke 
 when it is broken , which in a fmall time becorr.meth thickc like agumme : theleaues 
 grow without order on the branches, but are thcmfelues fet in a feemly order on each 
 fide ofa middle ribbe, feuen, nine, ten, ormoreon a fide, and one at the end each 
 whereofare fomewhat broad and long, of a darke greene colour on the vpperfide and 
 paler greene vnderncarh, finely fnipped or toothed round about the edges : at the ends 
 of the branches come forth long and thickebrowne tuffs, very foft, and as it were 
 woolly in handling, made all offbort threads orthrums ; from among which appeare 
 many fmall flowers, much more red or crimfon then the tufts, which turnc into a very 
 fraallfeede : theroote fhooteth forth young fuckers farre away , and round abour, 
 whereby it is mightily encreafcd. 
 
 The Vfeof this Sumach. 
 
 It is onely kept as a rarity and ornament to a Garden or Orchard, no bo- 
 die, that I can heare of, hauing made any tryall of the Phyficall properties. 
 
 S2. ritit, feu potius Hederx firgineufis.The Virginia Vine, or ratherluie. 
 
 ; 
 
 T His (lender, but tall climing Virginia Vine (as it was firft called 5 but Iuie, as it 
 doth better referable) rifeth out ofthe ground with diuers Items, none much 
 bigger then a mans thumbe, many leffc • from whence fhoote fot th many long 
 wcake branches, not able to ftand vpright, vnlefle they be fuftained: yet planted neere 
 vnto a wall or pale, the branches at feuerall diftances ofthe leaues will fhoote forth 
 fmall fhorr tendrels, not twining theml'elues about any thing , but ending into foure, 
 fiue, or fix, or more fmall fhort and fomewhat broad clawes, which will fatten like a 
 hand with fingers foclofe thereunto, that it will bring part ofthe wall, morrer, or 
 board away wit h it, if it be pulled from it, and thereby ftay it fclfe, to climbe vp to the 
 toppe ofthe higheft chimney ofa houfe, being planted thereat : the leaues are crum- 
 pled, or rather folded together at the firft comming forth, and very red , which after 
 growing forth, are very faire, large, and greene, diuided into foure,fiue, fix , or feuen 
 leaues, (landing together vpon a fmall foote- ftalkc,fet without order on the branches, 
 at the ends whereof, as alfo at other places fometime, come forth diuers fhort tufts of 
 buds for flowers 5 but we could neuer fee them open themfelues, to (hew wbat manner 
 of flower it would be, or what fruit would folio w in our country : the roote fpreadctb 
 here and there, and not very decpc. 
 
 i . The Vfc of this Virginian. 
 
 W e know of no other vfe , buttofurnifh a Garden, andtoencreafethe 
 number of rarities. 
 
 And thus haue I finifhed this worke , and furniflied it with whatfoeuer Art and Na- 
 ture concurringjcould effeft to bring delight to thofc that liue in our Climate, and take 
 pleafurcin fuch things ; which how well or ill done, Imuft abide cuery ones cenfurc : 
 the iudicious and courteous I onely refpe<ft,let Momus bite his lips, and cate his heart s 
 and fa Farewell. 
 
 Fleets. 
 
Index omnium fhrpium 
 
 quee in hoc opere continentur. 
 
 A 
 
 Biss page 600 
 
 Abrotamm foeminum y flue 
 Santoltna 449 
 
 Acanthus Aculeatus 330 
 Acanthus fdttvus ibid. 
 
 Acer maius fine Sycomorus 
 6io 
 
 Acetoja 
 
 486 
 
 Aconitum bacciferum , i. e. Chrifloph 
 
 iriana 
 
 tAconitum flore albido 
 
 214 
 
 Aconitum hyemale 
 
 ibid. 
 
 Aconitum lui eum Ponticum 
 
 ibid. 
 
 tAconitum falutiflerum 
 
 216 
 
 Admirabilis pervana 
 
 3 <>4 
 
 ty£th/opis 
 
 3S5 
 
 Agluophotis , i.e. Pacnia 
 
 
 Alaternus 
 
 603 
 
 Albucum 
 
 148 
 
 tAlcea JEgyptia flue BamU 
 
 369 
 
 Alcea Americana 
 
 368 
 
 Alcea fruticofa pentaphyHea 
 
 ib. 
 
 zAlcea peregrina flue ve ficaria 
 
 ib. 
 
 tAltflma Dodonaifle. Saponaria 
 
 
 Alijma Diofcoridis Fab . Columna } i 
 
 e. Auricula 
 
 < Vrfl 
 
 Alijma fyluarum, i.e. Paralyfis 
 Allium 
 Alt baa frutex 
 Amaracus , i.e. Maior an a. 
 
 Amarella,i.c . Matricaria 
 Amarantkus panniculis fparfs 
 Amaranthus purpureus 
 Amaranthus tricolor 
 Amur ant bus luteus ,i.e. Heliocryfum 
 Ambreboi 5 i.e . Cyanus Orientalis 
 Amellus Virgilifluz. After Atticus Italorum 
 Amomum Plinij, i.e. Pfeudocapjicum Dodonai 
 
 Amygdalus 583 
 
 Anagjris altera fi.c.Ltbfirnum* 
 
 Ancbufa 251 
 
 Anemone eiufque Jpecies 1 99 ad 2 1 4 
 
 Anethum 494 * 
 
 Angelica 5 2 9 
 
 Antbcmis flore luteo 294 
 
 AnthemisLeucanthemisji^ChamemAlum 
 
 613 
 
 S 6 9 
 
 371 
 
 ib. 
 
 ib. 
 
 Anthcricos 1 48 
 
 udntbora 494 
 
 Anttmclum, \.e> Mandragoras 
 Antirrhinum n.69 
 
 Aprum 49 1 
 
 Apoonum Syriacum 444 
 
 ApocynumVirgtnu.num 44 T 
 
 Acjut/e^ia 271 
 
 Arbor Alpina Plinij yx. Laburnum 
 Arb.r I uda 437 
 
 ArbW ' r tta 43 & 
 
 Arbu.us 603 
 
 Argyrocome, i.e. Gnaphalium Americanum 
 Arnreritts v 3 1 9 
 
 Armor aria pr at en fis 2$$ 
 
 Armor an i sutore, ix.AIufcipula Lobelij 
 Anh.imta, i c. Cyclamen 
 Arthritica ,i e. Paralyjis 
 Arundo Indica flue Canna Indica 
 
 AJarum 5 3 2 
 
 Ajparagus 503 
 
 Afphodelus bulbo fits albus 138 
 
 Afphodelus bulbo fu^G alent ibid* 
 
 Ajpbodelns bj acini binus A. C. bulbefus .... 
 
 Afphodelus maior albus 146 
 
 Afphodelus minor lutem , i.e . Hastula regia 
 Aster Atticus Italarum 2 99 
 
 After Pcrvanus Columna, i.e. Battatas de Canada 
 Attamufco , i.e. Narcifm Virginiam** 
 
 Atriplex ,i.c. Olus aureum 
 Avellana , Cr Byzantina 
 Aurelia ,j.e. Chryfocoms 
 
 Auricula muris maior ,i. e. Pulmonaria Gallorum 
 
 Auricula P'rfl eiufque jpecies 237' 
 
 B 
 
 B -lauflium 430 
 
 Baljaminafamina er Balfamella 278 
 
 Balfamita mas drf -emina 4^2. 
 
 Balfamum a/pinumfic. Ledum alpinism 424 
 
 Bamiaf\x. Alcea JEgyptia 
 Baptifecula,i. e. Cyanus 
 Barba hirci , i.e. Tragopooon 
 
 Battatas Hifpanorum, Vtrginiannm, & Crtnadenfa 
 
 5 lg 
 
 rubrum, [.Valeriana rubra Dodonae 
 
 Fff Belli* 
 
I ND E X . 
 
 I iellu ctrulex ftue GlxbuUrU 
 Bell» maior flore plena 
 Bella minor flare plena einfqne fpeclej 
 BclViuere Uniorum, i .Scopxrta, fine Linarix mag. 
 
 321 \Cxrjopbylh maiores & maximi 
 3 2 2 1 CartophjHi fylaeslret 
 ibid. Caryepbyltw mannus & mediterraneus 
 j Cxryophyllus Initem, i. Flos Africanus 
 
 Ben rubrum ijMonfpelunJi, i. Mnfetpulx Lobclij 
 Berber» 
 
 Beta 
 
 BinUade dr Binvcante, i. Anemone temtfolia 
 Blattaria 
 BUto dt tre colori 
 Blitum 
 
 Bolbonachd.Vtola lunaris dr latifolia 
 Borrago, Borrago femper virens 
 Botanaria, i. Globularia 
 Branca vrjina.i. Acanthus fativus 
 Brajftca etufsjue fpecies 
 
 268 1 Cxffxux, i. lacca 
 
 3 i<? 
 
 314 
 
 3*7 
 
 434 
 
 383 
 
 37 2 
 48S 
 25 > 
 24 9 
 
 503 
 
 Bubonium ftue Inguinalis, After Atticus Italo- 
 rum 
 
 "Bulbus agreflisft, Colchicum 
 Buccinum Romanorum, [.Delphinium 
 Bulbus Frtophorus 124 
 
 Bulbus epulemus Lacuna , i. Ornithogalum luteum 
 
 140 
 
 Bulbus Leucanthemos uOrnithogalum album 
 Bubus vnif olitis 
 
 Bulbus vomitorius Mattbioli,uMufcari, 
 
 Buolojfum 
 
 Biigloffum Wfpanicumftu (Auchufa 
 
 Bug^JJum luteum 
 Bu ■ tut dulcis, i. Napus 
 Bupbtbalmunt 
 
 140 
 
 249 
 
 48 6 
 5 °9 
 293 
 
 Buphthalmum maius i. Helleborus niger ferula* 
 eous 1 . 
 
 Buxus arbor. Buxus hit mills, & Buxus verfteori* 
 busfohjs 606 
 
 C Ac aha LonicerifuLilium Couuallmm 
 Calcaris flos, i* De /phimum 
 Calceolus Alaria 3 4^ 
 
 Calendula maxima dr ftmplex 2 $6, 
 
 Cahonymtu Gefneri , i. Lilium conua Ilium 
 Caltha, i. Calendula 
 Caltha Africana , i. Flos c, Africanus 
 Caltha paluftris flore pleno 
 Camomilla vulgaris, dr flore pleno 
 Campanula maior pyramidalis 
 
 -3 tr 
 
 298 
 
 224 
 
 2pO 
 
 354 
 
 Campana /az>ura,\. Convolvulmc&rttleus maior 359 
 
 Campanula perfici folia alba dr carulea 
 Canicula y. Aconitum luteum Ponticum 
 Canis cerebrum , i. Antirrhinum 
 Cannacorus, i. Canna Indica 
 Canna Indica flor e luteo pu* Elato 
 Canna Indica flore rubro 
 Canxabrica Pltnijfu Carjophjllus 
 Capnosfabacea radice , i. Radix cana minor 
 Capri folium per foliatum ftue Italicum 
 Cardamine flore pleno, df trifolia 
 Carduus benediUus 
 Carduus Eriocepbalus , i.t omento fas 
 Carduus mollis 
 Carlmahumihs 
 Carthamus flue Cnictts fativus 
 Carum 
 
 351 
 
 376 
 
 ibid. 
 
 275 
 
 405 
 
 389 
 
 53° 
 
 33 J 
 
 33° 
 
 332 
 
 329 
 
 5*5 
 
 5°4 
 
 ibid 
 
 ibid. 
 
 436 
 603 
 510 
 
 43 3 
 
 402 
 
 57* 
 
 437 
 494 
 
 424 
 
 498 
 45 <* 
 i8 7 
 1 26 
 197 
 397 
 ibid 
 
 270 
 
 I Cavala laleftu Tulip & pracoces 
 561 ] Cajfalale fu Tulip te media 
 488 Caucafonfli. Moly Indicum 
 
 Caulis vulgaris jCriJpa, Subaudica 
 Caulis florida 
 Caulo -rapum 
 Cedrus Lycia 
 Celaftrus 
 
 Cepa alba, rubra dre, 
 
 Ceraja Indiana 
 Cerafas flore pleno 
 Ceraforum diuerfttas 
 Cerafas Trapczuntinaf* Lastrocerafas 
 Cereis 
 
 Cerefolium maius dr vulgare 
 C er vicar ia, i, Trachehum 
 Cham&ctftus Fnficus 
 Cbamacypariffus, i. Santolina 
 Chamadaphne 
 Chamedrys 
 Chama&is anguftifolia 
 (.ham atris latifolia 
 Chamalaa Alpina 
 CbamaUa Germanica, i.Meftrcon 
 Cham&lea tricoccos 
 Chamaleo, vide Carlina 
 Cbamsmalusj. Maius Paradijeus 
 Cbamamelum,! , Camomilla 
 Chamanerium flore Delpbiniy 
 Cbamapauce Cordi,i.Lcdum Sile fi acum 
 Cbamarbododendros Chamala&folio Lobclij, i. Ls» 
 dum Alpidum 
 
 Cbarantiafccminaflu Balfaminafaerr/wa 
 Ckeiri ftue Keiri,i, Leucoium luteum 2? 6 
 
 CbondriHa aurea , i, PtlofeUa maior 300 
 
 Chryfantbemum odoratum ,i. Chamamelum nudum 
 Chryfantbemum P eruviammftfFlos Solis 
 Chryfantbemum Creticum 
 CbryJ ocomc ftue Stcechas citrosa 
 Cichorium 
 
 Cinara alba . rubra , mofebata c fe, 
 
 Circaa. i. Mandragoras 
 Ctftus annuus 
 Ct fhis mas 
 Ctftus famina 
 Ciflus Ledon 
 
 Clauesfanflt Petri, i. Paralyfis 
 Clematis Daphnoides, i. Vinea per ninca 
 Clematis altera ftue vrens flore albo 
 Clematis peregrina flore rubro 
 Clematis peregrina flore purpureo 
 Clematis peregrina flore purpureo pleni 
 Clematis peregrina flore carneo pleno 
 Clematis carulea Pannonica 
 Clematis far refla ftue Flammula louis 
 Clematis flore albo pleno, vel farrdla flore duplici 
 
 392 
 
 Clematis Virgini ana, i. Maracoe 393 
 
 Clymenum Mattbioli,u Lathyrus latifolius ftue Pi* 
 fam perenne 
 
 Cneorum Mat thiol* 3 97 
 
 CneoruM 
 
 295 
 574 
 4 9 % 
 
 5<8 
 
 422 
 
 421 
 
 422 
 
 ibid 
 
 391 
 
 ibid 
 
 392 
 ibid 
 ibid 
 
 393 
 ibid 
 ibid 
 
Inde 
 
 x. 
 
 CncoYttm nigrum & album Tbsopbrafli 
 CnicHs flue C artiamus fattvus 
 Colchicum zAnghcxm Byzantinum (frc. 
 Colchicum vernum 
 Coljtea Tbeophrafti 
 Colutea vulgaris , & Scorpioides 
 Coma aurea fuse Hehochryfum 
 Condnlla aure a fi. Ptlofella maior 
 ConfoUna minor, i. Bellis minor vulvar is 
 C on [oli da regalis^ i. Delphinium 
 ConvolvuLu Americanus 
 Convolvulus caruletss maior 
 Convolvulus carttleus minor 
 Convolvulus purpureus maior 
 Convolvulus purpureus minor fpicafolijs 
 Corchorus Dalecbamt>i ; ,u Ptlofella maior 
 Cornus masfruclu albo, rubro 
 Corona Imperialis 
 Cor tufa Mattktoli 
 Corydalis 
 
 Cofmofandalos, i. Calceolus Maria 
 Costus hortorum maior & minor 
 Cotonea malus 
 
 Cotyledon altera minor , & flore rubro 
 Crocus vernus albus, purpureus &c, 160 ad 1 70 
 
 Crocus Hifpanicus , i. Carthamt flores 
 Cucumis hortenfts y 24 
 
 Cummum fy/ueflrc alterum D tofe ori dis Mat thiolo, ■ 
 i. Delphinium 
 
 Cupreffw 6ox 
 
 C Janus Hat itus flpinus 327 
 
 Cyanus floridus Turcicus ibld 
 
 Cyanus minor variorum colorum 32 6 
 
 Cyanus Orient alis fx.flirtdus Turcicus 
 Cvclamen L/fnttochenum 
 
 C yc lanie n autumnale he der folio ibi d 
 
 Cyclamen vernum . Teroneufe &c. 1 9 5 
 
 Cyclamwus idem 
 
 Cydonia malus 5 gp 
 
 Cyprus P linij ,i. Ligufrtim Orientale 414, 445 
 Cytifus vulgaris. Marantha &e 440 
 
 'Elleborus niger, vel Hdlcbortts niger 
 Endtttia 
 
 Ephemcrum letbalc, i Colchicum 
 1 5 8 I Ephemcrum *on l et hale , i. Lilium conisa litum 
 438 , Ephemcrum Vir 'gi manum 
 440 Epimedtum 
 
 Eranthemum , i. Flos Adonidis 
 Eriphium Galeni , i, Radix caua 
 Eruca fttiua 
 
 Eryngtum Montanum fme Pannonicum 
 
 344 
 4 9 $ 
 
 D 
 
 F Aba vulgaris 3 2 J 
 
 Tabago , i. Arbor Iuda 
 
 Ficus Arbor Q- humtlis ^56 
 
 Ficus Indtca ^ z 
 
 Flamma T hsophr a fit i. Amaranthus minor purpureus 
 Flammula louts, i. Clematis furrett* 
 
 Flos Adonis 
 Flos Africanus 
 48 2 i Flos Amoris, i cAmaranthus 
 58p I Fles Cancri, i. Canna Indtca 
 23 2 | Flos Cardtndis, i. Tracheitum Americanum 336 
 Flos Caryophy Ileus, fiue CaryophyHus 314 
 
 1 Flos C on fi an: inopol it anusfue Lychnis Chalccdonica 
 Flos maximus , i. Flos Solis 
 Flos Cucult, i. Cardaminc 
 Flos Cuculi, i. Lychnis fy lue Uris plumaria 
 Flos frumei.ti, i. Cyanus minor 
 Flos noftisj . Convolvulus maior purpureus 
 Flos Dma fCathariua, i. Nigella 
 Flos Meleagridtr, i. Frttillaria 
 Flos Regius, i. Delphinium 
 Flos Indicus vel Tunetenfisf \ . Africanus 
 FlosSohs FarnefianusColumnafi.Battatas de Canada 
 Flos Solis 29% 
 
 Fant culum 
 
 Fr agar i a 5 2 6 
 
 FraxineSa 333 
 
 Frttillaria yy 
 
 Frutex C oronartus-Glufij , i. Syringa alba 414 
 
 Fucus herba, i, Anchufa 
 
 D Aftylus TrapezjUntinm, uLauroccrafus 
 
 Dapbnotdosfi. Laureola ^pg 
 
 Datura Turearum , i. Stramonium 
 Delphinium 27 6 
 
 Dephtnitim buccinumfu Chamanerium 
 Delphinium Htfpamcum parvum 277 
 
 Dens caninus I p ^ 
 
 Dentali, i. Dens caninus 
 Dcvebobim, i. Naret fas medio purpureus 
 Dtilamtis albus & Dtptansus albus a i. Fraxinelta 
 Digitalis 580 
 
 Diofanthos TbtopbralH Dalechampiofi Aquilegia 
 Diofanthosfiue louts flos, i, Garyophyllus 
 Dipcadt, i. Mufcari 
 
 Dracoherbafcu Tarchon <^ 00 
 
 Drabafiue Arabis Dodonaifi. Thlafpi Creticum 
 Dracunculus maior ^ 29 
 
 7 LUborine flore albo c te, 
 
 4 Elleborus albus vulgaris & pracox 
 
 G. 
 
 G Allipo lale, i. Anemone temtifolia 
 
 Galeopfls Pannonica fiue Lamium Pannonicum 
 
 385 
 
 Gelo fla Tragi f\. Amaranthus tricolor 
 Gel feminum, i. Iafminum 
 
 Genii} a Hifpanica flue Spartum Hifpanscum 442 
 
 Gentiana maior 
 
 G enti an a AfclepiadU folio jbid 
 
 Gentiana cruciata jbid 
 
 Gentianella verna ^ < 
 
 GentianeHa autumnalis fiue Vneumonanthc ibid 
 
 Geranium tub er of um vel bulbofum 228 
 
 Geum Alpinum Lobeltj, i S anicula guttata 
 Geranium bat raeboides , fufeum &c, 229’ 
 
 Gith, i. Nigella 
 
 Gtul cat amer lalc,i. Anemone latifolia multiplex 
 Gladiolus Byzantinus, Italicus &c. j 89 
 
 Globularia carulea 322 
 
 Globularia lutea montana 3 2 3 
 
 Glycyrrhtzafluc Liquentia ^33 
 
 Fff 3 Gnaphalium 
 
Gnaphalium Americanum 3 74 
 
 Gx.tpbalium Montanum, fine Pet Cati velPtloJella 
 minor Montane 375 
 
 Gnxpbxhum Roftum ibid. 
 
 Gramen flriatum vtl piftum 458 
 
 Gramen marinum, i. Caryophyllut marinus minor 
 Gramen plumarium vel plumjum 458 
 
 Grejfularia fime Vvacrtfps valear is, barcis rubris , 
 caru/eie, aculeatis tfirc. 560 
 
 Guaixcana fiut Guaiasum Patauinum idem efl cum 
 PiJhaminV i, r geni anorum , Lot tfp ecus 
 
 H. 
 
 H Adula regia, i, Afphedelut lutem minor 
 
 Hedera Vtrgmiana 6l 2 
 
 Hedyfarum clypeatum 339 
 
 Hebeiropium Indicum Pelleterij, i B attat as de Ca- 
 nada 
 
 Heliocryfum 374 
 
 HcHeborafter fine Pfieudobelleborm 343 
 
 Hetleborm albus & vernus pracooe 34 6 
 
 Helleborttt niger verus 344 
 
 Helltborut niger ferulaceus, [.Buphthalmnm manu 
 
 , 2?} 
 
 Hetteborine 347 
 
 Hcmcrocallis,i.Martagon 
 
 Hcmcrocallis Valentina Clufij , i. Pfeudonarcijfue 
 
 marinus, vel Pancratiumvulgo 
 
 Hepatica nobilis fiue trifolia 223 
 
 Herba clauellata, i. V tola tricolor 
 
 Herba fandi Petri, i. Paralyfls 
 
 Herba Sanet a Catharine, i. Balfamiu» femina 
 
 Herba Margaritafi Bellis minor 
 
 Herba Regine, i, Tabacco 
 
 Herba Tunica, i. Caryophyllus & Armeriue ! 
 
 Herba Trinitatis, i. Hepatica trifolia 
 Hermodailylus Matthtoli 188 
 
 Gefneri j 54 
 
 HermodaBjlum Colchicum 1 60 
 
 Hefperbs 261 
 
 Hippolapathum, i. Patientia fiue Lapathum fativnm, 
 & Rhabarbarum Monachorum 48 3 
 
 Hippolapathum rotundtfolium 484 
 
 Hippo felinum fine Ohu aerum 490 
 
 Hirculus Frijicus, i.ChamacsJlus Fricifcus 
 Horminumfativum 478 
 
 Hyacinthus & eius genera 1 1 1 ad 133 
 
 Hyacynthns Poetarum, i. Iris bulbofa Angite ana 
 Hjfipus [oh): aureis 453 
 
 Hrffepus vulgaris 47 6 
 
 Ifypecoum Matthtoli, \,Alcca veficaria 
 
 I Acea Botica 
 
 lacea marina Batica 
 Ia{minum Americanum 
 Iafminum Arabicum 
 lafmmum album 
 Iafmmum Catatonicum 
 Idaus datlylus, i . Pceonta 
 Ilex arbor 
 
 Intubum, i.Endiuia & Cichorium 
 louts fhs, j. Caryophyllus 
 Jpbtum Theophrasti, i.Ca ryophyllsu 
 
 318 
 
 ib. 
 
 35P 
 
 410 
 
 405 
 
 ibid 
 
 600 
 4 9 > 
 
 Irtt bulbofa & eius varietas 
 
 Iris Chalcedonica 
 
 Iris Dalmatica Damafcena grc. 
 
 Iris Perfica 
 
 Iris Tripolitana 
 
 Iris tuberofa 
 
 lucca 
 
 Ixtnc Thtophradi,\.Carlita 
 
 
 Eiri, fiue Leucoium luteum 
 Keiri albo floro 
 
 171 ad lyp 
 179 
 180 &e. 
 171 
 182 
 188 
 4J4 
 
 2J<5 
 
 257 
 
 L Aburnum 438 
 
 Laclucaaguina Capitata &e. 498 
 
 Lamium Pannonicum, i.Cahopfls Pannonica 383 
 Lapathum j anguineam 484 
 
 LtrtX 60S 
 
 Lathyrus latifolius, i. Pifum perime 338 
 
 L athyrus fl/tquii or obi jb. 
 
 Lauendulamas drUmina 447 
 
 Lanendula fjlueslrts, i .Sttchat 
 
 Laurus 398 
 
 Laurus r egia,i.Laurocerafui 401 
 
 Laurus Rofea, i. Oleander 
 
 Laurus Jtnus 4 00 
 
 Laurea Cerafus 
 
 Lauro cerafus ^ ol 
 
 Ledum Alpinum. Si/epacum 424 
 
 Ledum id e; l Ciftus Ledon 
 Leimonia Theopbrafh Clufio, i. Anemone fylittslrit 
 Leonteftomium, i,Aquilcgia 
 Leucoium bulbofum j cp 
 
 Leucoium hortenfe fimplex <$• multiplex 258 
 
 Leucoium luteum multiplex 2 - j 
 
 Leucoium mannum Syriacum 280 
 
 Leucoium melancholia m jbid 
 
 Lcuconacijfo/irion , i Leucoium bulbofum 
 Libanotis Coronaria, i. Rofmarinut 
 Ltguftrum 44j 
 
 Ltgufirum Orientale j. Cyprus Phnij 410 
 
 Lilac, i.S yringa carulea 43 -y 
 
 Like flore argenteo 438 
 
 Liltago, i. Phalangium : vel aliis Lilium non bulbo- 
 fum flue Li/iafphodelus 
 
 Ltliafphodelm j.j 
 
 Liltonarcijfus, i. Tultpa 
 
 Lilium Alexandrinum, i Ornithogalum Arabicum 
 
 Lilium album * ^ 
 
 Linum aureum, rubrum &t -e) 
 
 Lilium conualimm ,4,, 
 
 Lilium Macedonicum 3 
 
 Lihum Montanum - - 
 
 Lilium non bu/befum.i.LiliaJpbedelsit 
 Lihum Perflcum vel Sufianum - 8 
 
 Lthum fyltocjlrefl Montanum 
 Lihtomvariegatum, i. Fritilla; ia 
 Limonium peregrinum Rauwolflj 2 yc. 
 
 Linar ia maga aflue Belvtdere It Aerum 268 
 
 Liquentia jg^ 
 
 L maria carulea purpurea odorata 66 
 
 Lmgna Bouit vel Bugleflum luteum 481? 
 
 Linum fylueflr e album, luteum 2 66 
 
 Lotus 
 
Index 
 
 Lotus -Africana Dalecbampij,i. Lanrocerflus 
 Imus Arbor . 5^8 
 
 Lotus tetragon olo bus flue [iltqnoftts flore rubello , i.pL 
 fum quadratum 
 
 Lunaria Arthritica, i. Psralyfls, etiamqus & Au- 
 ricula Vrfl 
 
 C maior ^i.Bolbonach, fett Viola 
 L maria Graea 0 y orafa latifolia 2 65 
 
 Lunaria c arde a, i- 'So/danella Alpina, fue Monta- 
 na 2 34 
 
 Lupinus 335 
 
 Lychnus Cbdcedonicafltreflmplici, & flore pleno 
 
 2 5 3 
 
 Lychnis Coronaria 2 5 2 
 
 Lychnis pluma’ ia fyhiejtris multiplex 253 
 
 Lychnis fylueSiris flore albo pleno, & flore r fibro pleno 
 
 254 
 
 Lycoperflcum Galeni, i. Flos Africanus , pomum A- 
 moric An arts llara 
 
 M. 
 
 M Aiorana aurea 
 
 1 
 
 446 
 
 45 2 
 ibid 
 
 474 
 
 379 
 
 *84 
 
 579 
 589 
 428 
 
 580 
 585 
 428 
 
 L Maior ana tenu folia 
 
 Maior ana vulgaris 
 Maior ana latifolia vulgaris 
 Mala JEt by opica 
 Mala Arant ut 
 
 Mala Armeniaca flue prae ocia 
 Malus Cotonea vel Cydonia 
 Malus Granata f eu Punica 
 tJMalorum Perflcorum diuerfltas 
 Malorum varia genera 
 Malus Punica Jatiua 
 Malus Punica fylueiiris, i. Balauflistm 
 eJMaliia crifpa 
 
 Malua H: (panic a flore carneo amplo 
 Malua horana,i-Alcea peregrina 
 Malua kortenfls Jimplex & multiplex 
 Malua Rofeay. hortenfls 
 Mandragoras mas & famina 
 Maracocflue Clematis V irgtniana ^ 
 
 Marguerites & Marguermns , i. Bellis minor mul- 
 tiplex 
 
 Mart aoon album, flore carneo 33 
 
 Martagon Chymiflarum,\.Ldium aureum flue ns - 
 • brum M 
 
 Martagon Byzantinum feu Confl antinop olit anu 34 
 Martagon Pannonicum flore fpadicco 3 5 
 
 Martagon Imperiale 33 
 
 Martag on Pomponeum 3 ^ 
 
 Martagon Phatniceo flore 3 4 
 
 Martagon rarfliwmn, i. Narcflus tertius Matthi > 
 
 495 
 3 66 
 
 37 ° 
 
 3^9 
 
 377 
 
 39 
 
 Matricaria flore plero 
 
 289 
 
 Medica Cocbleata. Sptnofa 
 Medum Dioflortd.is , i. VtolaMariana 
 Melampodium 3 i. Helleborus niger 
 Melanthium, i. Nigella 
 
 U) 
 
 w 
 
 oc 
 
 t 
 
 M elfla 
 
 479 
 
 Melo M ofeatus &c. 
 
 5 2 S 
 
 Mentha 
 
 480 
 
 Mefpilsts Aronia . Vulgaris 
 Mezereon, i Lhamalaa Germanica 
 
 568 
 
 Mirabilia Pouvtana 
 
 394 
 
 Molj durum genusPlinj Dodonao,\*P hdangtum 
 
 M oly varia genera 141 ad 1 45 
 
 Morion, i. Mandragoras 
 
 Morus vulgaris , alba , Virgtniana $99 
 
 Mufcboromtfl. Mufcan 
 Mo/c bate lia, i. H efper is 
 
 Mufcipda Lobehj , 1. Benrubrum M onfp, 254 
 
 Myrobalanus prunus 5 77 
 
 Myrrbioji. Cerefohum maius 
 Myrtus mdior er minor 427 
 
 N. 
 
 N Apellus 215 
 
 Napellus Motflsfi. Anthord 21 6 
 
 Napus mator er minor 5 09 
 
 Narcflus Caper oniusyi.Frittllar ia 
 Naret florum varta genera 6y ad 108 
 
 Narciffus marinus,. i. tertius Mattbioli 
 Narcflus Iacobaus flore rubro 169 
 
 Narciffus Matthioli,{. Ornithogalum Neapolitanum 
 Narcflus 7 rapczunticus 3 o 
 
 Narcflus V irgineus 8 6 & 9 1 
 
 Nardus Italica flLattendula 
 Nardus montana 3 26 
 
 Naflurtium Indicum 280 
 
 Naflurtium borten fls 500 
 
 Nepeta 47 9 
 
 Nerium, i . Oleander 
 Ner tum Alpmumy. Ledum Alpinum 
 N:coiiana,\.Tabacco 
 
 Nigella flore albo duplici 287 
 
 Nigella flore car uleo multiplici ibid 
 
 Nigella Hifpanica ibid 
 
 Nil Auicennay. Convolvulus caruleus maior 
 Nozelhafl. Crocus C/ufle. Syflrincbium Boclio 
 
 171 
 
 Nucipcrflca & eius varietas 583 
 
 Nux A ue liana, Byzantina 562 
 
 Nux Iuglans 5 95 
 
 Nux Metel , i* Stramonium maius 
 Nux veficaria feu Staphylodendron 6ll 
 
 O. 
 
 O Cellus Barbaricus, & Damafcenur, i, Caryo- 
 pbyllus 
 
 Octmaftrum Valcr/anthcn,[. V tltriana rubra Dodo - 
 
 nat 
 
 Ocimoides femper virens 
 
 254 
 
 Ocimum citratum, Indicum 
 Odontitis, {.Lychnis plumaria 
 
 4 jo 
 
 Oenanthe Myconi, i. Ranunculus tbahftri folto minor 
 
 218 
 
 Olus album ‘uLacluca agnina 
 Olus atrum y LhppofcUnum 
 Olus aur sum fl. Atriplex 
 Olus hifpanicumfl.Spinachia 
 
 Opuntia , i.Lycben mannum 
 
 43 ? 
 
 Opuntia feu Ficus Indica 
 
 ibid 
 
 Orchis Meli: itu jeu Apt fer a 
 
 192 
 
 Orchis hermaphroditic a &c. 
 
 ibid. 
 
 Ornithogalum JEthtopicum 
 
 138 
 
 Ornithogalum Arabicum 
 
 *34 
 
 Ornttbogalum luteum 
 
 140 
 
 Ornithogalum Neapolitanum 
 
 138 
 
 Ornithogdum Pannonicum 
 
 136^-138 
 
 1 Orobui Venetus 
 
 33 s 
 
 m s 
 
 Orontmn, 
 
 6 
 
Index. 
 
 i ■ 
 
 Ur 
 
 Jill 0 
 
 Or out turn, i. Antirrhinum 
 
 Os Leonis } i. Antirrhinum 
 
 O shy s Theophrasti 410 
 
 Ofyrts,i.Scoparia vel Linar ia magna 
 
 Oxalu fine Aceto fa 487 
 
 Oxyacantha fine Berber is & fine acinis 561 
 
 P, 
 
 P Adus Theopbratti, i. Certfier blar.c Gallorum 
 fine Cerafus racemo fits 
 
 Taonia mas &famina Jimp lex & multiplex 341 <jrc. 
 Paliurus $ 0 j 
 
 Palma Chriflij. Ricinus 
 Palma Cbri/hJi.Orchu fine Satyrium Bafiiicum 
 Pancratium ^ i. Scida rubra, & non Pjeudonarcijfui 
 marinus , videpag. 1 08 dr 153 
 
 Panis porcinus y.Cyclamen. 
 
 Papaver fativum flore pleno 28 6 
 
 Papaver Jylueftre flore pleno ibid. 
 
 Pappas flue Bat tat as Hijpanorum Canadenfe Vtrgi- 
 ntanum ^ j 5 
 
 Paraiyfis diuerfarum fpecierum 242. drc. 
 
 Paralytica alpina mat or & minor, i. Auricula Vrfi 
 & Paraiyfis minor 
 Parthenium , i . Matricaria 
 Parthenium Galeniy. Amaracus 
 Paflinaca latifolia ^06 
 
 Pafitnaca tenuifolia ^ 0 8 
 
 Pedua Pcnorumy.Plos Africanus 
 Pennachio Verfiano, i.Lihum Per ficum 
 Pepo 
 
 P eruincafiue Vine a peruinca 
 Periclymenum per foliatum 
 P ericlymenum rePlum 
 P ertploca Virginian a 
 P es catiX.Gnaphahum Montanum 
 P etrofelmum 
 
 Pet urn dr Picielty. Tabacco, 
 
 P erebecenuc, i. Tabacco 
 P halangium Allobrogicum 
 Phalangium epbemerum V trginianum 
 P halangium Italicum maius 
 P halangium r amo fum dr non ramofium 
 P hajeolus vulgaris 
 Phillyrea 
 
 P hlomitiSj i. JEtbiopis 
 Phlox fine flamma Theophrasti } i. Viola flammea flue 
 tricolor 
 
 Pilo fella maior flue ChoudrilU aurea 3 0 0 
 
 P tlofella minor montana , i. Gnophaltum montanum 
 
 37 $ 
 
 Pimpinella flue S angui for ba ^.g, 
 
 Ptnns 7 * 
 
 5 op 
 
 Ftfer montanum, i. Cbamalaa fruttx vel femen 
 Pijhamin Virgimanorumy . Guaiacum Patatstnum 
 Pifum percnnc,Latbyrus Utifohus o a 0 
 
 P'/um quadrat urn rubrum 
 Pifum vulgare , rofeum, maculatum drc. 5 2 2 
 
 Planta Cardinality. 7 rachehum Americanum 3 <6 
 P Unta maximay, pies Solis 
 P l.wtago rofea ^2 
 
 P neumonant. be ,i. Gentiana autumnalis I ) r 
 
 Poma amoris maiora dr minora oyto 
 
 Pomorum vartetas 
 P°rr,KM[p,nofum, u Stramonium 
 Porrum 
 
 499 
 
 Portulaca 
 
 Potbos Theophraftiy . Aquilegia 
 Primula verts ftmplex jdr multiplex 
 Prunorum magna varietas ' 
 
 Pfeudocapfwum , i. Amomum Plini j a 31 
 
 P/eudobelteborui Mattbwli, i. HeUorus nicer fern- 
 Licem 
 
 Pjeudobermodacl yl us Mattbioli, i. Dens Caninus 
 Pfeudonarcijfus AngUc ut, Gtrmamcus, Hijpamcm, 
 
 G'C. jig. dfc. 
 
 Pfeudolotus Mattbioli, i. Laurocerafm,efi dr Gua- 
 tacum Patavinum dr ‘Pijh.imin Virgin, anorum 
 P jeuderhabarbarum eft Rhabarbarum 'JMonacbo. 
 rum 
 
 P f dium, [.Cortex Granatorum 
 Ptarmica flore pleno 2 gg 
 
 Pulegium 
 
 Pulmonaria Tragi & Gallorum, i. Pilofcia mater' 
 
 P ulmonaria maculofa dr non maculofa 248 
 
 PulfatiUa 
 Pyracantha 
 
 Pyramidalis Lutetiana , i. Campanula maior fluela 
 Ptefeens ‘ 
 
 Pyrctrum officinarum 2g2 
 
 Pyretrum JylueJlre ~gg 
 
 Pyrus 'dr eius vartetas ^pa 
 
 CL. 
 
 fyVamoclit Indorum, i. Convolvulus America. 
 
 j 3y8 
 
 LSuu.ua Indorum, 1. Amar anibus maior ftuc panni- 
 culis fparfis 
 
 R. 
 
 R AJix Caua maior, dr minor 2 -. 
 
 Ranunculus Anglicus, Af,aticses,Creticut &c. 
 
 z? , . 276 ad 222 
 
 Ranunculus monopbyllos, i. Aconitum byemale 
 Ranunculus nemorum & (y harum, i. Anemones M. 
 _ y _ ueftres 
 
 ibid. I Raphanus vulgaris & nigra radice 
 5 2 1 I Rapum hort enje t luteum , rubrum 
 Rapunculw hort cujis 
 
 Rhabarbarum Monachorum dr P [eudorhabarbarum 
 
 2 74 
 
 — 7- — verum 
 
 Rhododendron , i. Oleander 
 Rhus Vhginiana 
 Rhus Myrti folia 
 Ribes fruilu albo , nigro frubro 
 Roja Alpina } i. Ledum alpidttm 
 Rofa I nnonis, i. Lihum album 
 Rofafatuina, i, Paonia 
 Rofa montana , i, Alpina 
 Rofavltramartnafi. Malua rofea 
 Rofa Anglica > Cmamotnea , Damafcena y &c. 
 
 4 PI 
 
 44 5 
 
 5:09 
 
 ibid. 
 
 483 
 
 4 T2 
 
 Rofmarinum vulgare ^4 2c 
 
 Rofm armum aureum ibid 
 
 Rof rnarinum lat tf olmm . , ^ 
 
 Rofmannum Jylueilre Matthiol,, j. Leduns Alpi- 
 , num 
 
 362 I Rubus Idxus 
 
 J 1 2 j Rubus Iduus non fpinofuo jyj 
 
 Ruta 
 
 : f\, \ 
 
 N 
 
 
Index 
 
 V 
 
 Ruta horte» fis 53 ° 
 
 Rata paluflris vel pratenflsfuT hdtftrtm 
 
 S Ahda'ifa i.Alcea Americana 
 
 Sabina 6° 7 
 
 Salmans i i. Pyretrum 
 
 Saluta mator& minor 4/8 
 
 Saluta variegata 44 ^ 
 
 Sambacb Arabum , i. Syringa Arabica flore duplat 
 Sambucus Roflea 4 1 1 
 
 Sampfttchumy. Maior ana 
 Sana far, ft a & S:inftah.rba\. Tabacco 
 Sandal 'ida Cretica . i. Ptfum quadratum 
 S anicula Alpina vel montana fu Cor tufa Matthtols 
 S anicula trifolia , i-. Cardamine trifolia 
 Same ala guttata 2 2 1 
 
 Sangpttforba vel Fimpinella 483 
 
 Sanguis Herculis fi. Elleborus albus 
 Santolina, 1". Abrot anum flamina 44 9 
 
 Saponar ia flore duplici 352 
 
 Saponaria altera i. Tracheitum mintufV Valeriana 
 rubra Dodon „ 
 
 Sarabug, {.Hyacinthus LillifoltUd 
 Saturei a vel Thymbra 4 76 
 
 Satyr ium Erythronium & Triphyllum Diofcortdss 
 i. T ulip a 66 
 
 Satyrium Orcbidis fpectes 1 92 
 
 Scabiofa rubra Auflriaca 324 
 
 Scabi of d rubra Indica ibid 
 
 Scarlateafi. Armcrius 
 
 Scoparia,i. Linaria magna 268 
 
 Scorftoides maius & minus 340 
 
 Scorfonera 30 1 
 
 Scylla alba , rubra 333 
 
 Sedum ferratum 232 
 
 Segetalis, i . Gladiolus 
 
 Se linum dulce 4 9 1 
 
 Serincade, i. Narciffus medio purpureus 
 Sertncade cat amer lale , i.Narcijfus flore pleno 
 Serpentariafu Dracunculus 
 S crpentina , i . Scorf onera 
 
 Serpillum aureum y Citratum &c. 454 
 
 Sefamotdes minus, aliquibus efl Helleberus niger fleru • 
 rulaccus 
 
 Sicla& Sicula , i. Beta 
 
 Sidium idem quodP fidium 
 
 Siliqua fjluejtrisil. Arbor Iuda 
 
 Simbolme idem quod Zwnbul Indicum , Hyacinthi 
 
 , Orientalis fpecies 
 
 Sinapi 5 0 2 
 
 Si f arum 50 6 
 
 Sifyrinchium alterumf, Cardamine altera 
 Sifyrinchium Mauritanicum&c, 171 
 
 Sifyrinchium Cordi fu Orntt bogalum 
 Solanum arbore fcens fu Amomum Plini] 
 
 Solanum fattdum JpinofumBauhintfu Stramonium 
 Solanum Mexiocanum Baub ni, i . Mirabilia 
 Solanum pomiferum Gefneri & Bauhini , i. Pomum 
 amoris 
 
 Solanum ve ficarium , i *Alkahengt . 
 
 Solanum ejcnlentum Bauhtni i i. Battutas de Virgi- 
 f nia 
 
 Sol Indian us, i. Flos folis 
 
 S 0 Idan c lia alpina 234 
 
 4 9<S 
 
 448 
 
 Sopho nia i. Amarantbus tricolor 
 S orbus legitima & Torminalis 5 6 7 
 
 Spartum Auflrtacumf. Gramen plumo fum 
 Spartum Htfpamcum frutex f.Genifla Htfpansca 
 
 442 
 
 Spinachia 
 
 Staphylodendron , i. Nux ve flear ia 
 S ternut ament orta, i. Ptarmica 
 Stcechas 
 
 Stcechas C: trina , i. Chryfocome 
 Strut hium non efl Saponaria ^ 5 3 
 
 S tramonium matus & minus 5 
 
 Sumach Virgin enf e > 
 
 Sujamgruf i.Lthum Perflcum, & HyacinthuiflclU- 
 uts,Hji,aniinm alter 
 
 Sycomsuufwe Acer maius latifolium < 5 IO 
 
 Symphitumm culofum,iPulmouaria 
 Syria. a alba , curule* ^ 0 g 
 
 Syrmga slrabica flore a'bo dup'ici 408 
 
 Syringa Italica Lobelij, L .Syrwga flore albo flmoltrt 
 Bynnga Italica flore albo pleno Be fler t 41 o 
 
 T Abacco 
 
 Tamarix vel Tamarsfcus 
 Tanae et um vulgare 
 
 Tanae r tum Pervanumfx.Tlos Africanus 
 Tarch-n herba 
 laxus arbor 
 
 Tha'tftrum vel Thalietrum Hfpanicum 
 7 be fum The ophrafttfx. Radix caua 
 Thlafpi Baticum marinum 
 Thraupalus rheophraflt Dalcchampio, i. Sambucus 
 rofla 
 
 Thrtdacias , i. Mandragoras 
 
 Thuya fi. Arbor vita ^ 
 
 ThymbrafiSatureia 
 
 Thymum leg it imum capitatum 454 
 
 Thymum durius & latifolium 4 7^ 
 
 Tilia famina < 5 c 8 
 
 Trachellum maius & minus ^ 5 4 
 
 Tracheitum Americanum ^<5 
 
 Tragtum Dio (condis , i . Fraxine Ha 
 Tragopogon caruleum , purpureum 302 
 
 Tragopogon luteum 514 
 
 TragoriganumMatthioli 4^ j 
 
 Trifolium fruiicansf.laj minum luteum 
 
 Trif.lmmfyy.iy £ i 
 
 Tr initas f eu herba t r tn it at is ,i. Hepatica 
 
 Tulipa Armeniaca Bolonicnfls , Bombycina ) Byz,an - 
 
 500 
 
 6 o <5 
 
 2 74 
 
 390 
 
 Cretica &c, 
 
 Tulipa media 
 Tulipa pracoces 
 Tulipa ferotina 
 
 Tufat & 7 ur fana fu Corona Imperialis 
 
 V Accinium Vtrgili) 
 
 Valeriana rubra Dodonai 
 Valeriana Graea 
 
 ValeriantbonXT aleriana rubra Dodonai 
 VerbaJ. cum odoratum & 7 ■ v , r 
 V erbafculnm odoratum y‘ ara JJ !S 
 
 Veratrum 
 
 ■■Mh 
 
Index. 
 
 Veratrum album & nigrum, i.Helleborus albus & 
 niger 
 
 Vernilago, i. ChamaUo albus 
 Veronica altera, vel altilis, aut Coronaria, i, Carjo- 
 phjllus hortenfis 
 Vetonica agrestis ,i. Armertus 
 ViUoriahs rotunda, i. Gladiolut 
 Vsncapermnca 391 
 
 Viola albaJuLeucoium 
 Viola alba bulbo fa, i. Leucoium bulbo fum 
 Viola Damafeena, i .Hcfperis 
 V iola flammea, {.Tricolor 
 Viola bj emalis, i. Hefperit 
 
 ™al?'f°l* & lvolb.nacb 26, 
 
 Viola Lunans 5 
 
 Viola lutei,\.Lcuceium luteum fiue Keiri 
 Violaperegrina, i. Bolbonacb 
 Viola mirmna 354 
 
 Violamartia 28 J 
 
 Vula Matronalis, iMo/pent 
 
 Vt tola tricolor Jimp lex & duplex 2 g 2 
 
 V 'pir ana C' Viperina,], Scorjonera 
 Vitis Corinthiaca, Pamafcena&c. 563 
 
 V itis Virginiam •- 6- j 
 
 Vilis Virginenfe J, 'tu potius Hedera Virginiana 
 
 6 1 1 
 
 V mbilicus Veneris, i, Cottledon 23 4 
 
 Vva crifpa, i. Grojfula ria 5 4o 
 
 Vvularia,uTraehebum, efi & Hippoglojfum 
 
 r Vcca,fiue lucca 
 
 y. 
 
 z. 
 
 434 
 
 Z Ambach Arabi, i.lafminum Arabicum 
 Zufiniare , i.M art agon ConPlantinopolitatnem 
 Aumbul Arabi, i. Ornithogalum Arabicum 
 Zumbul Indi, LOrientahs maior pracox 
 
<tA Tabic cf the Englifh names of fucb T lints 
 
 its are contained in this <Booke . 
 
 A. 
 
 Htte Aconite _ 2 »4 
 Yellow Aconite, or winter 
 Wolfes banc, ibid. 
 
 Adonio flower =95 
 
 Alkanet, or Sea Bugloffe 250 
 Anemone, or winde- flower, 
 &the kinds 199M 214 
 194 
 490 
 
 583 
 
 529 
 
 J 79 
 586 
 404 
 
 37 9 
 360 
 488 
 53 * 
 5°3 
 146 
 148 
 
 Yellow Anemone 
 
 AtUfanders 
 
 iA/mond,md the kinds 
 eA 'ngeliea 
 Aprieocks 
 
 tApples, mi the feueral forts 
 Double bloffomd Apple tree 
 Apples of l one 
 Thorne Apples 
 Arrack white and purple 
 Afara’acca 
 eAfparavtss 
 
 Afpbodili andhiskindes 
 Afpbodili with Lilly flowers 
 
 B 
 
 B Aldmony or Gentian 
 Halms 
 
 The Balfame apple 
 Barkeries 
 
 Barbery Buttons, mi Thorny Buttons 
 Barrenwort 
 Batcbelours Button: double, white and red 
 
 Bhtes 
 
 Bloodwort 
 
 The great bleW Bindeweed 
 The fina l blew Bin ieweed 
 Blew Bottles 
 
 BerrageAad eucr' iuing Bonsge 
 
 4S8 
 
 484 
 
 353 
 
 36a 
 
 3 i 5 
 
 249 
 
 ^awnge.anQeuer'JUing storage 
 
 Ladie"s Bower , and Virgins Bower Angle and dou- 
 
 amt-rjciuns 3 
 
 Batchelonrs Buttons yellow 
 The Bay tree 
 The Cherry Bay tree, or Bay Cherry 
 The dwarfe Bap 
 
 The Kings Buy, that is, the Cherry Bay 
 The Rofe Bay 
 The Virginia Bay Cherry 
 The wi'de Bay 
 The Bee flower 
 Beares breech 
 
 Scares eares.and the forts 
 Beares care Sanicle 
 Beares foote 
 i?rrf«,and the kindes 
 Garden Beanes and French Beanes 
 Bell flowers, andthe kinds 
 Canterburie Bels 
 Couentry Bets 
 
 35 ° 
 
 479 
 
 278 
 
 y<5i 
 
 339 
 
 283 
 
 »54 
 
 ble \ • 
 
 Dwarfe and guilded Boxe 
 Flower of Bnilow, orNonefoch 
 Spanifh Broome 
 
 Double flowred Bruifewort or Sopcwort 
 Garden Bugtofe . 
 
 Marfli bugloffe and Sea bugloffe 
 
 : struct 
 
 ButterflieOrchis 
 
 c 
 
 C Abbaoe , and his kindes 
 
 C ' ' ' - 
 
 393 
 606 
 253 
 442 
 35 » 
 » 49 
 250 
 48 ? 
 192 
 
 218 & 224 
 598 
 
 •%^jCaluci fnout orSnapdragon 
 Double Camomtll and naked Camomitl 
 Rofe Campion 
 
 Fcatheid wilde Campion Angle and double 
 The Crimfon Cardinals flower 
 Caravpaj/es 
 
 Carnations and Gilloflowers 
 Catcrpillers great and fmall 
 Cajfdente 
 Lobe Is Catch flye 
 Clufiushis CelaflrUs 
 Sweete Cberuill or great Chiruill 
 Garden Cberuill 
 Party coloured Ciebeling 
 The Cbriftmai Rower 
 The Cherry trce.and the kindes thereof 
 The double bloffomd Cherry tree 
 The Cyprejje tree 
 The fweet gum Ctflnt 
 Burning CUmberer or Climer 
 Hungarian Climer 
 Virginian Climer or Maracoc 
 Coleflowtr, Colewort, Co/erape 
 235 &C. 1 Colombines 
 
 240 1 Tufted Columbines 
 
 ' The prickly euergreene Corail trei 
 Corneflower 
 
 Corne fallet or Lambes Lettice 
 The Cornell tree 
 Ceflmary 
 Cetten recedes 
 
 401 
 397 
 
 400 
 
 599 
 400 
 192& 258 
 330 
 
 344 
 489 
 
 5 21 
 
 353 
 
 35 6 
 
 354 
 
 5°3 
 
 2 69 
 25?0 
 252 
 
 25? 
 
 ?$■ 
 5 1 s i 
 
 3 c <5 
 34° 
 443 
 »54 
 
 604 
 
 494 
 
 ib. 
 
 33 » 
 344 
 57 » 
 40 s 
 doj 
 422 
 39» 
 39? 
 ibid 
 
 5 °+ 
 
 271 
 
 274 
 
 6 04 
 32<S 
 428 
 
 57 ° 
 
 482 
 
 37» 
 
The Table. 
 
 524 
 
 242. &c. 
 
 3 35 
 
 248 
 
 2l8 
 
 JOO 
 
 280 
 
 2 53 
 
 il6 to 13 J 
 38 
 
 Cowcumbers, diuers 
 Cowflips of diuers forts 
 French Cowflips or Beareseares 
 Cowflips of lerufalem 
 Cranes bill, and the kinds 
 Garden Crejfes 
 Indian Crejfes 
 Crow flower 
 
 Crow footeof diners kinds 
 Crown Imperial 
 The double Cuchpw flower 2 j 3 and 389 
 
 Currans , white, red and blacke y 5 8 
 
 The true Curran Vine andGrape 363 
 
 D 
 
 D affodils, and the diuerfities thereof, from 
 
 67 to 108 
 
 Checkerd Dajfedill, md the kinds 44 
 
 Dittander y 0 g 
 
 Ballard Dittanie 333 
 
 .Dogtooth Violet jp 3 
 
 Dragons 3 2 p 
 
 The Dragon flower 383 
 
 Double DaJicjnd blew Dapes 321 
 
 E. 
 
 W Hite Ellebor of two forts 345 
 
 Wilde white Etlebor 347 
 
 The true black Ellebor or Chrilhnas Sower 344 
 Garden Endiue 4^3 
 
 35 ° 
 
 492 
 
 =87 
 
 289 
 
 23a 
 
 566 
 
 453 
 
 383 
 
 600 
 
 F EBworte or Gentian 
 Fennell 
 
 Fennell flower 
 Double Fetberfew 
 The Princes Feather 
 The Fig tree,andthe kinds 
 The Indian Figge tree 
 The Finger flower 
 The Firre tree 
 
 The Corne FUgge _ 
 
 Th efiagge or flowe rdeluee 79 See. 
 
 The flowerde/ttce of Conftantincple 79 
 
 The flower Aelttce of Perfia 172 
 
 The bulbous flower defaces 27*10179 
 
 The veluet flowcrdclttct 288 
 
 WddeflaxeorTodeflaxe 1 66 
 
 Foxe gloues.and the kinds 380 
 
 Ftllbeards ordinary, and of Conflantinoplc 362 
 Flower of Briftow,or None fuch, Angle and dou- 
 ble 2J3 
 
 Purple/?«w gcntle.and the kinds 371 
 
 Golden ./WergentleorgoIden/foBOTof life 372 
 The/fewer of the Pafiion.or Maracoc 393 
 The flower of theSun jpy 
 
 The Sultsnsflower ^2/ 
 
 The friars Crowne 332 
 
 Frttsllariaor checkerd Daffodil 44 
 
 Double frit'slhtri* ibid. 
 
 Gilloflowers and Carnations 306 
 
 Cjueenes Gilloflowers or Dames Violets 2 62 
 Stocke Gilloflowers (ingle and double 258 
 
 The Gmny hen-flower, that is ,FritilIaria 44 
 
 Goats beard blew and purple 302 
 
 Goats beard yellow y 14 
 
 Candy Goldilocks ^72 
 
 Golds , that is, M arigolds 296 
 
 Goofekerries of diuers forts y< 5 o 
 
 H erbe Grace orRue yy 0 
 
 Grape flower j 14 
 
 Vipers GraJJi j OI 
 
 Feather GraJJi g 
 
 Painted GraJJi 
 
 The Guaiacum of Vidoa ypo 
 
 H 
 
 H airesheU 112 
 
 Hearts eale (ingle and double 281 
 
 I he blew Helmet flower or Monkes hood 2 1 y 
 The whollome Helmet flower ibid 
 
 Hollthockes Angle and double 3 69 
 
 Holewort or Hollow- root t 275 
 
 Hyjfope common 47 s 
 
 Guildcd Hyjfopc 45 j 
 
 Hungary or mountaine Sea Hotly 330 
 
 Honifockles double 404 
 
 Red Honyfockles or vpright Honjfockles 4oy 
 The euer greenHawthorne tree,or the eucr green 
 prickly Coral tree 604 
 
 I Acinthr, and the leueral forts til fo 133 
 
 White Iafminemd yellow lafmine 406 
 
 Double white lafmine 4 0 g 
 
 Sweet lohns Angle and double ^19 
 
 lone Aluer Pin,thatis, Poppies double 2^6 
 
 ludas tree 437 
 
 The fuppefed Indian lucea 434 
 
 The Virginia Ivye 6r 2 
 
 J Paniih Sea Knapweeds 
 
 L 
 
 328 
 
 G Arlicke 
 C 
 
 \Gcntian great and Anal 
 Germander 
 
 I 1 3 
 35 ° 
 4 1 * 
 
 L Adies laces or painted grafle 43 g 
 
 Ladies fmockes double ^9 
 
 Lambes Lettice 
 
 Langedtbeefe 4S5 
 
 The Larch tree <j 0 g 
 
 Larhes heeles or (purs Angle and double 276 
 
 Yellow Larkes heele,that is,lndian Crcfles 280 
 Lauender (pike 4,, 
 
 Lauendcr cotton 4^ 
 
 French Lauender or Sticadoue 448 
 
 Mountaine Laurell 
 
 Leches z 
 
 Let tice, znd the kinds thereof 
 
 Licorice ^- 3 , 
 
 The tree of Life 7-9 
 
 The chekerd Lillj, that is.Fritillaria 
 
 The Conual Ltfbffit Ltlhconvallj 340 
 
 the 
 
The Table . 
 
 The Day Lilly 148 
 
 The Perlian Lilly 28. 30 
 
 The Mountaine Lilly 3 3 
 
 The red or gold Lilly 39 
 
 The white Lilly 40 
 
 The Line or Linicn tree 608 
 
 L<ue-long,ot Life euerlafling 375 
 
 Noble Ltucrwort orHepatica 225 
 
 Lungwort or Cowflips ot' Ierufalcm 2.} 8 
 
 Luminet white, blew and yellow 325 
 
 M. 
 
 S Wcct Mariereme 45 2 
 
 Guilded or yellow Marierome 44 6 
 
 French Mallowes 495 
 
 Spanilh LMallowe 366 
 
 Shrub Mallow 3 6 9 
 
 Thorny Mallow if 8 
 
 Venice Mallow ibid. 
 
 Red Mailbs , and white 293 
 
 Mandrake male and female 377 
 
 The great Maple or Sycomore tree 611 
 
 Marigolds ’ 2 9<5 
 
 Corne t Marigolds of Candy 295 
 
 French Marigolds 3°3 
 
 Double Marfh Marigolds 224 
 
 The Spanilh Marigold isthegreatefl; double 
 broade leafed Anemone 207 
 
 The blew or purple Marigold 299 
 
 Martagons of diners forts 3 3 
 
 Ma/litky the herbe 45 1 
 
 Medlars 568 
 
 The Melancholy Gentleman 280 
 
 Muskc Melons 525 
 
 The Meruaile of the world 384 
 
 Mirtles 4 2 7 
 
 Molj or Meant nine Garlicke 144&C. 
 
 Monkes hoodc,or Larkes (pur* 27 6 
 
 Monkes hood or helmet flower 2 1 5 
 
 Counterpoyfon Menkes hood 216 
 
 Blew Moone’Wort 234 
 
 Half c Mounts 33 9 
 
 Golden Moufe-eare 330 
 
 Mulberries, and Virginia Mulberry 5 99 
 
 Moth-Mnlleine 383 
 
 Woody Mullemt or French Sage 384 
 
 Ethiopian Mullein 385 
 
 The Mumme tree 4 3 1 
 
 Mujlard 5°2 
 
 N. 
 
 S Pottcd Natteheort 232 
 
 Navew 5 °9 
 
 The Nechrin, and the kinds thereof 582 
 
 Neefewort, ot Necftng roote 346 
 
 Neppe 479 
 
 The Nettle tree Jd8 
 
 Hungarian dead Nettle 3^5 
 
 Nigella, or the Fenel-flower 287 
 
 Tree Night [hade , that is,the Winter Cherry tree 
 
 432 
 
 None-fucbfit the flower of Briftow 253 
 
 The bladder Nut 61 1 
 
 TheFilberd Mwof Conflantinople 562 
 
 The Spanilh or Barberry Nut 171 
 
 The Wall Nut 504 
 
 O 
 
 T Heeuer peeneOake 
 Spurge Ohio 
 Mountaine Spurge Oliue 
 Onions , and the kind* 
 
 Sea Onion 
 
 Orchis of Virginia 
 
 Orenges 
 
 Oxe eye 
 
 Oxe lips 
 
 600 
 
 397 
 
 ibid 
 
 510 
 
 23? 
 
 194 
 
 J84 
 
 29? 
 
 HS 
 
 P Antics (ingle and double 
 F 
 
 282 
 
 Parjley, and fweet Parjley 491 
 
 Virginia Parjley 492 
 
 Parjheps JO 6 
 
 Pajtjue flower, or Pajfe flower 200 
 
 Patience, or Monkes Rubarbe 485 
 
 Peaches , and the kinds 586 
 
 Double bloffomd tree 404 
 
 P caret, ttnd the (cucral forts 590 
 
 The prickly Prarr.that is,the IndianFigge 
 P carles of Spaine 1 1 5 
 
 Garden Peafe of diuersforts 52a 
 
 Crimfon Peafe bloflome 338 
 
 Peafee uerlafting ibid 
 
 Blew vpright eucrlafling Peafe ibid 
 
 Pdletery of Spaine 292 
 
 Double wilde Pcdetory 288 
 
 Penny flower, that 13, white Sattin 
 Peony (ingle and double 34 a 
 
 Perwinkle (ingle and double 39 a 
 
 Pinkie (ingle and double 3 1 4 
 
 The Pine tree 5 99 
 
 The blew and the white Pipe tree 4° 8 
 
 The double white Pipe tree, or double Iafinine 
 
 410 
 
 Rofe Plant ane 
 Plums , and the kindes 
 The Pomegranet tree 
 The double bloflbmd Pomegranet tree 
 Pompions 
 
 Double garden Popples 
 Double wilde Poppy 
 
 Potato’s of Spaine, ofVirginia, of Canada 
 Pride of London 
 Primnee or Prtuet 
 Theeuer-grcene Prittet 
 Primrofes,md the kinds 
 Tree Primrofe of Virginia 
 
 352 
 575 
 4:8 
 430 
 
 528 
 284 
 281S 
 Ji 6 
 3 ro 
 
 445 
 60 3 
 242 &c. 
 284 
 
 Purjlanc 499 
 
 Purfe taffels J 1 5 & 1 1 S 
 
 Pujhamin or Pijhamin, the Virginia Plum 570 
 
 Qo 
 
 f^^mes, and the kind s 
 
 11 
 
 R Antpionl 
 
 Rafpis, white and red 
 Reddijh, blacke Reddipi,hotCe Reddijh 
 Red and yellow flowred Indian Reeds 
 
 789 
 
 514 
 
 ill 
 
 509 
 
 37 d 
 
 Rofarubte 
 
The Table, 
 
 Rofarubie, that is, Adonis flower 293 
 
 Rofe tree, and the feuerall kinds 41 2.to 425 
 
 Iuno’s.Ko/f .that is, the white Lilly 
 The Elder or Guelder Rofe 401 
 
 The Holly Rofe or Sage Rofe 421 
 
 The Mountaine/Je/e 424 
 
 Rockc Rofes 397 
 
 Rofemane common and gilded See. 42 5 
 
 The Marie Rofe or Rofemary of Silefia 424 
 
 Rocket J02 
 
 Garden Rue or Herbe grace 5: 30 
 
 True Rubarbe, Monkes Rubarke, Rabar be of Pon- 
 tus 483 
 
 S Age great and fmall 47S 
 
 Guilded Sage 44 6 
 
 Sage of lerufalem 248, 
 
 French Sage 384 
 
 Saffron flowers of diuers forts of the (pringtime 
 aud of the fall 16010170 
 
 Medow Saffrons or Colchicum, that is,the Sonne 
 before the Father, audthekindes 154 
 Spotted Sanicle 231 
 
 Beares eare Sanicle 240 
 
 Satyrion 1 yi 
 
 The Sauine tree 607 
 
 Summer Sauorie and winter Sauory 47 6 
 
 White Sattin flower 265 
 
 Red Sattin (lower 33P 
 
 S cab iom white and red 324 
 
 Scorfonera or Vipers grade £0 1 
 
 Ballard Sena tree 440 
 
 The. true and the ordinary Seru'tci 567 
 
 Mountaine Set wall 38 6 
 
 Virginia Silke 444 
 
 Skirrett 50 6 
 
 Our Ladies Slipper 347 
 
 Smallage 4pi 
 
 Ladies Smocks double 388 
 
 Stray let 338 
 
 Snapdragons 2 69 
 
 Mountain eSoldanella 434 
 
 Double flowred Sopewort 372 
 
 Sorrell 4 86 
 
 Sowbread, and the kindes 195 to ipp 
 
 .The Kings Spear e or yellow Afphodill 148 
 Sperage or Afparagus 503 
 
 Spidermrte, and the kindes I yo &c. 
 
 Spinach 4 96 
 
 Starre flowers of diuers fort's, or Stars of Beth- 
 lehem 130,10140 
 
 The greene Starre flower or bulbed Afphodill of 
 Galen 136 
 
 Stamort or Sharcwort, and Italian Starwort 2 pp 
 Sncadcue or Ca&idonie 448 
 
 Stock.gilloflowers (ingle and double 25 8 
 
 Storkes bits of diuersforts 328 
 
 Strawberries of many fora y 26 
 
 The S trawberry tree 603 
 
 Succory 495 
 
 The Sultans flower,orTurkie Corne flower 327 
 
 Th e Sun ftawr-r nr flnw#»r of* Clin 2^5 ‘ 
 
 The Myrtle leafed Sumach, ibid 
 
 The Sycomore tree g 10 
 
 I NdianThLirrsof diners forts 363 
 
 The greene and the white latnariske tree 61 o 
 Tanfe (ingle and double ,0, 
 
 The blefied Thiflle , , Q 
 
 The gentle Thiflle. Globe Thiflle See. 222 
 
 Chrifts 1’ horne £ 
 
 Thrift ordinary,and the great St a Thrift 3 1 7 
 
 Throat wort, and Giants TbreateweHfuigle and 
 
 double 
 
 Beane Trefojte 
 Shrub Trefoils 
 Tree Trefoils 
 Candie Tufts 
 Golden Tufts 
 Sp nidi Tufts 
 The early flowring Tulip» 
 
 The meane flowring Tulip» 
 
 The dwarfe 7 »//)>« 
 
 The Perfian Tulipa 
 TheTurkcs Cap, thatis,the Tulip a 
 The true Time ^ 
 
 Guilded Tme, Moskeand Lemmon 7 <»s ibid 
 
 354 
 438 
 407 
 4 39 
 
 390 
 
 * 74 & 340 
 4 « 
 £4 
 
 ibid 
 
 Garden 7 n»f,and Mafticke Time 
 
 R Ed Valerian of Dodonsus 
 Greeke Valerian 
 Mountaine Valerian 
 Violets (ingle and double 
 The bulbous Violet 
 The Dogs tooth Violet 
 Dames Violets 
 Mercuries Violets 
 
 Vines, and the feuerall kinds of grapes 
 Vipers grafle 
 Virginia Vine 
 
 V rginia Vine, or Virginia Ivie 
 
 W, 
 
 474 
 
 386 
 388 
 3 U 
 282 
 1 69 
 
 *9} 
 2 6z 
 
 357 
 
 764 
 
 301 
 
 564 
 
 612 
 
 T He Walnut tree » 
 
 Single and double Wall- flowers of many forts 
 
 Widow Way !e 
 
 The Willow flower 2 ^ 
 
 The Windflower or Anemone, (ingle and double 
 of many forts 199 to 214 
 
 Wild Windflower Angle and double 202 
 
 Sweet Williams, and the kinds 3 , 9 
 
 Winter Gilloflowers 2 jg 
 
 Winter Wolfes bane, and yellow Wolfes bane 2 1 4 
 Whiter Cherries 
 The winter Cherrie tree 
 Double Wood bine or Honiluckle 
 
 53 * 
 43 1 
 404 
 
 Y. 
 
 The Sun flower or flower of the Sun 
 The Virginia i umach 
 
 6 n 
 
 T 
 
 'He Tew tree 
 
 606 
 
 THE 
 
I 
 
 <iA Table of the V irtues and T toper ties of the 
 
 Hearhes contained in this !Booke. 
 
 A. 
 
 N fcare of Ahorfment, 
 or mif-carrying in 
 women 478 
 Good againft caches 
 290 
 
 Good in hoc Agues and 
 to driue away their 
 fits 223.484. 532.536.538.564 
 
 575 . 579.584 5?5 
 From whence Agtricke is taken 608 
 A Syrupe of Angelic* sip 
 
 Good for deieiSed appetites, 484. 486. 
 
 499.561.5(52.578.575.584. 
 To perfume Apparcll, Leather, &c. 42 1 
 
 448. 586 
 
 For the ^Apoplexie 349 
 
 Apr in i entoxto binde 428.431 
 
 B 
 
 F Or voe Ac Baches and reincs 479.483 
 A 'Ba/fame for green wounds 426 
 To caufe BarrenneJJe 284 
 
 Good for Bashing 294.376.421.449 
 474.477.478.479.l8o 
 Goodfor^w 440.480 
 
 Good to takeaway the fling of 'Bees and 
 wafpes 476.479.480.482 
 
 Good to open and mollifietheSoTr, and 
 makeitfoluble 333.370.421.488 
 4S9.490.495.566.578.582 ’ 
 T o clenfe the 'Blood 484 
 
 To diffolue clotted Blood 6 10 
 
 To encreafe Blood 567 
 
 Tohelpethefpittingof Blood 595 
 To flay Bleeding 230.396.483 
 
 Hurtfull for a flrort Breath 499 
 
 Good for the fhortnefle of Breath 364. 
 
 436.502.506.5-t3.533 
 
 For a (linking Breath 529 
 
 To make a fweet Brett b Hid 
 
 For cold and moift Br nines 3 3 5.427.44S 
 
 481.482 
 
 To abate the ouer-fwclling of Maidens 
 
 Bretfls 
 
 600 
 
 Tohelpc paines in the Breafl 
 
 500 
 
 T 0 heale womens fore Breajls 
 
 590 
 
 To draw out broken Bones See. out of tlie 
 
 flefli 
 
 ipo 
 
 ¥ox Bruifcsby fals &c. 479.6c8.610 
 
 Good for Burnings or fealdings 362.512 
 
 610 
 
 C. 
 
 T O clen fe Cankers 364 
 
 To procure Callings or vomitings 
 , 89 434-44 2 ‘489-53* 
 To flay Casting or vomiting 477.4S0 
 TofeedeormakeCattcllfat 348.440 
 
 44 - 
 
 Cau/litkeox burning plants 396 
 
 Thebeft Ciales for Gunpowder 610 
 ThebeftcW.-rforlafting 608 
 
 For the Wind cCotocke 2 1 6.293 .45 1 
 455.476.504.508.515.530 
 T o c/r»/?, purge and dry 276 
 
 To fet an orient red Colour on the cheeke 
 of a woman 241 
 
 Tomafecadcepeblcw Colour 179.603 
 To make a red Colour ibid 
 
 T o gitie a luft re to a wh ire Colour - 59 5 
 To makea yellow Colour 421 
 
 For the Colts euill,or immoderate luft 
 
 499 
 
 To warmeand comfort griefes, 214 
 376.434477.478.480.491 
 Cooling oni drying 323.353.378.43r 
 438.486,499.5 28. 562.5 57.564.576 
 562.568. 576.578.590.594 598. 602 
 603.607 
 
 Cooling and moiflning 2 3 4.2 8.3 .3 80.4 3 2 
 
 579 
 
 VoxiConfumpsion 519.608 
 
 Cordiall to comfort the heart 170.116 
 Ggg 252 
 
<t/l Table of the 'Vertucs &c. 
 
 252.2pS.301.314.328.421. 427.436 
 450.480.482.483. 526. 528. 530.558 
 
 586 
 
 YoriheCeugb in young children 502 
 
 Good for cough cs and colds 1 34.29 5.5 1 3 
 
 533 -5 62-567.5 75.5 84.5 86 
 
 Mithridates Countcrpojfon 567 
 
 Good for Cr trapes and fnrinking of finevvs 
 
 D. 425 
 
 T O procure an calic and fpeedy Delmcry 
 to women in trauell 40.199.274 
 
 410 
 
 T o (lay rhcumaricke Hifiillations a 8 8 
 
 376.386.427 
 
 To cure the biting of a mad Dogge 300 
 
 353.482 
 
 TohelpetheD>-<y>yfr 235. 290.353 
 T o cmk Drorrfmejfe like vnto drunkennes 
 
 362 
 
 E. 
 
 F Or paines in the Eares 580.584 
 Good for fore and wcake £7« 216 
 
 421.427.479.530 
 Hurtfull to the head and Eyes ^ 9 
 
 For the Epilcpfie or falling fickneffc 194 
 335 - 344 - 456 . 477.502 
 
 F. 
 
 'T'O cleanfe the Face, and orher patts of 
 thcskinne,andmakeitfrefli 40.189 
 2 47 - 3 * 36 - 396 . 5 oo.yo 2 . 52 i .52 8. 566 
 5^4-589.600 
 
 For the F ailing ficknefle 194.335.344 
 
 * r sr ■ L , 456.477.502 
 
 Feeling or fufitmg herbes 474.476.478 
 
 T o heale Felons on the ioynts of the Sn- 
 
 g ers 492 
 
 To procurethe Feminine courfes 289 
 
 335-453456.477.479.491 
 Today the Feminine ormcitftruall cour- 
 ts 372.396.480.486.608.611 
 
 To cleanfe Fiflula's ^64 
 
 Tocxpellthinf/igwc 477 1 
 
 To extenuate & expectorate tough Flc^me I 
 1 3 4 - 2 64.436. 44S. 45 6. 477. 500, 5 2 9 
 530.j33.608 
 
 For the bloody Flixe and all other Fluxes 
 
 193-231.372.425- 43 I -446,483.486 
 
 568.595.602.605.608,61 1 
 To take away Freckles, fpots, &c. 500 
 
 5 66 
 
 For the E reach difeafe 283.353.606 
 
 TO (lay the Gontrrh&a. or running of 
 A thereynes 608 
 
 Good for thzGoHt 349 
 
 H. 
 
 1 I 'O caufe the haireto grow 
 A For the falling of the Unire 425 
 HurtfulltothefllWandeyes 43^ 
 Good for the Head and Heart- 1 34.1 70 
 
 r r . 2 J’ 8 - 4 2 ^ 455 - 474 - 53°-586 
 Good for the Head and ftomack 45 5. 474 
 
 530.586 
 
 For paines in the Head 288.292.42 6 
 
 44^*4 9 p 
 
 For the 1 wimming and diffindfe of the 
 
 HeA t 241.247.586 
 
 For the paflion of the Hearty and to make it 
 merry 480.528.529,589 
 
 Toexpell venemous vapours from the 
 Heart ■ 170.301.529.530.586 
 
 T o procure Health 477*478 
 
 T o eafe the Hemorrhedes or piles 5 1 ^ 
 
 _ 580 
 
 For an Hoar/enttfc 5 S0.5 84.600 
 
 For the bots in Herfes 606.607 
 
 For the cough in Horfes 
 To (lay the Hickoek ^ 9 ^ 
 
 To purge flegmatick and watery Humours 
 
 329 
 
 TJOr the yellow Uundift 13 2.1 34.1 50 
 f; 170.275.2p0. 531. 553, 
 
 To make excellent inkc 43 ^ 
 
 Toaflw age hot Inflammations 362,37% 
 
 380 
 
 T 0 hclpe the Itching of the Head a 71 
 To cure the Itch 
 
 K. 
 
 '■JpO heale exulcerared Kidneyes 533 
 
 L. 
 
 'T’O (lay a Laske or loofcncffe 132.323 
 42 1 *42^.44^*48 3 *5 62.568.570.571 
 
 For the Leprymd deformity of thjskin * 
 
 Forchapt Lips and hands &c. 589 
 
 To tanneor thicken Leather 611 
 
 To clenfetheZttttr 484.5^2 
 
 To coole and ftrengthen the Liuer 226 
 
 Good for the Lunges and old cough es 4 
 134.249.300. 353.364,436. 448.456 
 477.502.506.513. 529. 530.533.600 
 
 608 
 
 To (lay immoderate lull 499.529 
 M. 
 
 'T’O take away blew Market 427.500 
 2- 502.566 
 
 For the Meafels and fmall pocks 170.216 
 To draw on Meate 474,476 
 
 For 
 

 <lA' Table of the Vertues &c. 
 
 For McUncholicke difeafcs 345.450.44S 
 455)5101589 
 T o comfort & ftrengthen cold and wcakc 
 Members, 1 70,290,407,427,448 449 
 455.474.477, 49^598 
 
 To ftrengthen the Memory 427,42 8 
 
 Tokeep Milke from curdling in thefto- 
 macke 4S2 
 
 T o increaft* Milke in womens brcafts 440 
 
 ; 504 
 
 For the Morpbexv and other difcolourings 
 oftheskin, 336,396 427,566 
 
 For theMother in women 344,378 
 
 To keep garments from Moths 376,611 
 To engender Moths 386 
 
 Good to wafb and clenfe the Mouth 428 
 
 43 r , 44^,528,557,564,598 
 
 TocureVlcersinthe3/»«f6 431 
 
 For a furiet of Mufljroms 513 
 
 N. 
 
 T O wafte Nature 530 
 
 Foracrickeinthe Ntcke 66 
 
 To procure Neeftng 189,289 
 
 To ftay bleeding at the Nofe 396 
 
 O. 
 
 T* O open Obstructions 448, 484,492, 
 * 532 
 
 To take away the offence of the fmellof 
 0«/«„f,Garlickc,Letkes &c. 51a 
 
 A remedie for them that haue taken Opium 
 too liberally 289 
 
 P. 
 
 T O eafe Paines 290,370 
 
 For the Paifie 241,247 
 
 Forthe f/aga^orpeftilentiall feuers 160, 
 170,216,275,298,328,333,335,353, 
 485, 495, 5 1 3, 529, 53°, 585, 595, 603. 
 From whence Pitch is made 600 
 
 For the fmall Pocks 170,216 
 
 An efpeciall Antidote againft Poyfon 
 
 154,539,353 
 
 Againft the Poyfonohhc Helmet flower 
 and other venemous herbes, and againft 
 all other infectious difeafes 2 1 6, 3 5 3, 
 335,353,483,529 
 Againft the Pojfon of the Spider Phalan- 
 gium, Scorpions, Serpents, and other 
 venemousbeafts 152,301,328,333, 
 
 3 35,4°M53-477,<5°7 
 To take away the ftrength of certaine ft 7- 
 fons 590 
 
 i’fl;yi»toallfourefooted beafts 402 
 For fweet Pout hers and fweet bags 1 89 
 421,450,453,586 
 To gently 284,421,566 
 
 'To Purge vehemently, and ftubborne di- 
 feafes 189,346,360,400,562 
 
 To fatten Pullen 440,442 
 
 R. 
 
 '['O reftore Rau’Jbmcnt 600 
 
 To hinder young perfons from grow- 
 ing Ripe too foone 132 
 
 Fences of Reedes as good as wals 510 
 
 To draw ii heume 214,288,292 
 
 To ftay Rhcumatickc dtfoWaxions 287 
 288,376,427,482 
 From whence Rojjen is made 60 
 
 Good for Ruptures 602 
 
 S. 
 
 'I' O put into Strvftgcs &c. 476,477,478, 
 
 480,482 
 
 For Scoldings and burnings 362,5 r - 
 To take away Errand markes 223,247 
 33<5,J 2I ,568 
 
 Forthe Sciatica or paine in the hippes and 
 ioynts 160,442 
 
 To clenfe the head of Scurfe 134,396 
 
 477)479>< s °7 
 For the5Vttrt4e 389,510 
 
 To incrcafe seede $24 
 
 To eafe paines in the Sides 53 2,599 
 To cleare the Sight 134,4.27,479,530 
 T o comfort the Swerves and ioynts 42 6 
 
 427)477>478, 480,595, \99 
 To procure S/eepe 286,362,378 499 
 To keep the body Soluble 333,376,421 
 480,488,495,566,578,581 
 To clenfe the head of running Sira 134 
 
 607 
 
 For the fllrinking olSinerves 425,426 
 
 , 599 
 
 TobreakepIagueSwM 223,300 
 
 Good £01 Sores and wounds 303,446 
 
 600 
 
 Good for the Spleene 198,288455.456 
 474.490.502.5 1 0.5 30.610 
 T o draw out Splinters &c. out of the flefh 
 
 190 
 
 Good for Stitches 5^ 
 
 Good for the Stomache and Liuer 134, 
 
 r 353-45 5,473,48349i,J?2 
 Hurtfuil to the head and Stomache 489 
 
 607 
 
 Forcoldand windy Stomachs 301,455 
 476.491,495,586 
 Tocooleanhot Stomacke 380,486, 
 499.52 5. 526,528,558,560,562,566» 
 575.584.58 9 
 
 T o warme a cold stomache 474, 477,480 
 482,495.500,515,529,586,598 
 For the Stone in the reynes and kidney es 
 230,274,293,335,370,425,492,503. 
 504, 5 10,521,526, 532, 533,5 66.575. 
 
 582,584.607.608.61 r 
 For the Strangury 491 
 
 Good againft Surfcts 287 
 
 To 
 
Table of the r Uertues &c. 
 
 y8 2 
 
 264.290.532 
 
 274.301.525 
 
 Tocaufe Surfet 
 To prouok eSrvenling 
 To helpe Sxvountngs 
 T. 
 
 X o draw out Thornes &c.out of the flelh 
 
 150 
 
 Good for fwollea Threats 300 
 
 To wafli the mouth and Thronte 3 57.478 
 
 528.558 
 
 Forth eTooth-nch 134.252 
 
 The poore mans Tretkle 514 
 
 For Trtgus or dredges 575 
 
 Common Turpentine from whence it is ta- 
 ken 600 
 
 Venice Turpentine from whence it is taken 
 
 600.608 
 
 V* 
 
 '“pO helpe Fenerj 66.150.153, 194. 
 To take avny Termine and Lice in the head 
 
 See. 477 
 
 T o recouer the Foyce being loft 5 1 3 
 To cicatrife old Fleers 
 To clenfe Fleers 
 
 For running Fleers 
 
 To procure Fomitirsg 
 
 364.595 
 189.435.442. 
 
 Toftay Fomitirsg 4 77.4s'o 
 
 To cure the biting ofa Fiper or Adder 3 02 
 To caufe the Trine rofeeme blood 433 
 For the flopping of Trine 132.264353 
 3 76-453 ‘45 6.48 3. 49 x. 492. j 02. jo, 
 506.508.515.525.530. 532. 533.582 
 602.608 
 W. 
 
 TO purge rvstery humours 32 p 
 
 T o make fweete Wsters 42 1,4 5 0.45 3 
 
 To breakc winie 301.45 5.476. ^ 
 
 494.5 08. 5 15. 525.5 30.575.; 86 
 Toftay the longing of Women with childe 
 „ 561.564 
 
 For the Wormes j 34.216.336.345.449. 
 
 482.483.500.502.532.582.607 
 Good to cure wounds 241.252.364.385 
 445-446.456.480.483.492 
 275.364 J Good Wound herbes 230.2 31.235.241. 
 492.580 j 3 2 3-3 8 3-3 s 9.4°6. 
 
 F nulls efcapedin feme Copies. 
 
 JOH08 
 
 -(■ 66 . 1 
 
 pafle d.^f . u. ...» y.ror II arc. r. 17 J.1.I t. pur out mctc Wordes, theinlide, in the bet., n 
 
 lnc 1 rc id t R iwflj rum 3ravubit>. f.n8.I.j9.rcadegoulons,andlinez8 pratenfis t (71 line c 
 
 miTSW f.* ? 6 l ,x.Chelid 0 nU. f.r«i.Lj 7 .f9rh«h,haac. andUS.Maftuerxo. f.rj 4 ^VKcn« f. s' f * 
 Cicrma. f.a»o. .!,.r«deproi»akc 1 ind, helpe. f.jap.I.jy.for Melaacholicke.readeFIcgmaticke. f,, 0 j,; 7 «Jj’ 
 
 Erjrqgiumm 41 place, f.jjil.Srcadc.and nor very firr. f.jjtf.l.j ..Americanum. l.;%.Ur, Ce/vrca la flit K, 
 reids.beforcic cinhaiic. f.j 7 t.I., UoEout,cxcept it. f.s8j.f°rfpockes,readc fmockes. f.wi.l.r. inihe ma'r«m( 
 ejrmleo,r«dplMo.f. ? 97.1.io.r«(le<lwarfe. f. 4 a 4 .|. 4t . Hirculiui f. 4 28.l.io.Tarentinx. f.li\ loCrtm! T°' 
 A^ornn-ai. Ml $ . 1 . 17 -foa- Dtofeoridej.rcade Theophraltus. f. 44 a.i.,. forcaftinga rcadc purging’,. f>/u ; 
 Vyr ”**- /.5 1 |J.> 4 .trt«f«K all thatdaufc of Onions vnto the o-her fide, yndet the vie of Onions, f.rifi j 5 , , ,' r 
 fctee thefe words, [Sauh.nui vpon Matthioluicalleth it Silanum tubtro[m c <cuknmm\ vnto the fornaer Potatoes of 
 Virginia. f.fxoJ.ij. for fwellcth, read fmelleth. f.j 4 i.l. 5 i. r eade, after your ftockcirayfedfron.ftones.f.is/j , of °‘ 
 f’ r “ d “f 1 f ,d •| 9, ?*r err r 0n f 1 ft 5< ^ ,4 f or * icc ’ r ' a<i J-8.rcade feme to be ra.mfttcd to the fickt.f ,» 
 
 Lj.Capanda. fjy 4 .[.i8.forficiUty,read faculty. f.Jp j.l.jj.teadcRicimrs. Moo.M.Fuchfius ‘ 5 
 
 LONDON, 
 
 fmfer/^yHvMFREY LownesWRoeert Yovnc 
 
 At the figne of the Starr e on Bread-Jlreet hill. 
 
 1629 .