W&3> 
 
AN 
 
 ACCOUNT 
 
 OF THE 
 
 TOURNAMENT AT EGLINTON, 
 
 REVISED AND CORRECTED BY SEVERAL OF THE KNIGHTS ; 
 
 ILLUSTRATED BY 
 
 FROM SKETCHES TAKEN ON THE SPOT, 
 BY MR W. CORDON; 
 
 WITH A 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICE OF THE EGLINTON FAMILY; 
 
 TO WHICH IS PREFIXED 
 
 A SKETCH OF CHIVALRY, 
 
 AND OF THE MOST REMARKABLE SCOTTISH TOURNAMENTS, 
 BY JAMES ABKMAN, ESQ., 
 
 AUTHOR OF " THE HISTORY OF SCOTLAND," &c. 
 
 EDINBURGH: HUGH PATON, CARVER AND GILDER 
 
 TO HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN, 
 
 AND HER ROYAL HIGHNESS THE DUCHESS OF KENT. 
 
 M.DCCC.XXXIX. 
 
Digitized by the Internet Archive 
 
 in 2014 
 
 https://archive.org/details/accountoftournamOOgord 
 
A 
 
 HISTORICAL SKETCH OF CHIVALRY, 
 
 AND Oh* 
 
 THE MOST REMARKABLE TOURNAMENTS IN SCOTLAND. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 Introduction ; Origin of Chivalry ; Traces of it among the Germanic Tribes in the 
 Forest ; among the Nations which overturned the Roman Empire ; its Character, 
 a Military Institution, combined with Religion ; Training of Knights ; Pages, 
 their Education, curious instance ; Squires, their high spirit ; Quintaine. 
 
 Chivalry, "when at its meridian, formed the most dazzling 
 point in the middle ages, and threw a radiance across the Cimmerian 
 darkness of the times, rendered the more brilliant from that deep 
 gloom by which it was surrounded. Its splendour gilds the pages 
 of our earlier poets ; and even some of our later minstrels have 
 kindled at the same flame, and sung in strains, worthy of Italy or 
 Greece, the pageants and tournaments of other days. Its full 
 glories, however, are shed over the romances, of which it has been 
 remarked, that " the authors, like the artists of the period, in- 
 vented nothing, but, copying the manners of the age in which they 
 lived, transferred them, without doubt or scruple, to the period and 
 personages of whom they treated ;" and they thus furnish us with 
 characteristic traits of the times, for which Ave seek in vain in the 
 writings of their historians, with the perhaps solitary exception of 
 that most interesting of all chroniclers, Froissart, whose history 
 fortunately embraces from the beginning to the close of the four- 
 teenth century, when the sun of chivalry stood high in the firma- 
 ment, and Tournaments and Jousts, for the amusement and in 
 honour of the ladies, were in universal fashion, and held with 
 unparalleled magnificence. 
 
 The origin of this institution, once so predominant in Europe, 
 is involved in obscurity. Gibbon finds traces, at least of " knight- 
 ship," in the manners of the Germans, and refers to Tacitus as his 
 authority. " All business," says the Roman historian, " whe- 
 ther public or private, is transacted by the citizens under arms ; 
 but it is not the custom that any one shall assume the military 
 dress or weapons without the approbation of the state. For this 
 purpose one of the chief leaders, or the father, or nearest rela- 
 tion of the youthful candidate, introduces him into the assembly, 
 and confers on him publicly a buckler and javelin. These arms 
 form the dress proper to manhood, and are the first honour con- 
 ferred on youth. Before he receives them, the young man is 
 but a member of his own family ; but, after this ceremony, he 
 becomes a member of the state itself."* 
 
 There is a yet more striking resemblance between the initiation 
 of the German youth into the martial array of their country and 
 the ceremonial of knighthood. " The highest youths," adds the 
 same writer, " were not ashamed to be numbered among the 
 faithful companions of a celebrated leader, to whom they devoted 
 their arms and service. A noble emulation prevailed among the 
 companions to obtain the highest place in his esteem — among the 
 leaders to acquire the greatest number of bold companions. 
 
 * De moribus G'crmanorum. 
 
 To be constantly surrounded by a band of select youths was the 
 ambition and glory of the chiefs — their ornament in peace, their 
 protection in war. The glory of such distinguished heroes dif- 
 fused itself beyond the narrow limits of their own tribe. Presents 
 and, embassies were employed to obtain their friendship ; and the 
 fame of their arms often insured victory to the party which they 
 espoused. In the hour of danger it was shameful for the chief 
 to be surpassed in valour by his companions — shameful for the 
 companions not to equal the valour of their chief. To survive 
 him if he fell was irretrievable disgrace. To protect his person, 
 and to increase his glory by their own triumphs, were the most 
 holy of their duties." Here we have the attachment and obliga- 
 tion of the chief and his followers, exactly similar to the relative 
 situation of the knight and squires, existing among the Germanic 
 tribes, and uniting their warriors together by exactly the same 
 ties — that proud sense of honour — which held so distinguished a 
 place in the chivalric association ; also the companionship or fra- 
 ternity of knighthood. 
 
 Another striking feature was the rank which the females sustained 
 among the Germans. Nor was heroism more highly estimated 
 among the men than chastity among the women, who likewise ac- 
 companied their husbands and sons to battle, urged their valour 
 in the hour of peril, and not unfrequently partook of the danger. 
 In return they were treated with a respect that bordered on reli- 
 gious veneration. Again, we refer to the authority of Tacitus : 
 he tells us, that 
 
 " It is the principal incitement to the courage of the Ger- 
 mans ; in battle their separate troops or columns are not arranged 
 promiscuously as chance directs, but consist each of a united 
 family or clan, with his relatives. Their dearest pledges are placed 
 in the vicinity, whence may be heard the cries of their females, 
 the wailings of their infants, whom each accounts the most sacred 
 witnesses and the dearest eulogists of his valour. The wounded 
 repair to their mothers and spouses, who hesitate not to number 
 their wounds, and to suck the blood that flows from them. The 
 females carry refreshment to those engaged in the contest, and 
 encourage them by their exhortations. It is related that armies, 
 when disordered and about to give way, have renewed the contest 
 at the instance of the women, moved by the earnestness of their 
 entreaties, their exposed bosoms, and the danger of approaching 
 captivity ; a doom which they dread more on account of their 
 females than even on their own, 'insomuch that these German 
 states are most effectually bound to obedience, among the num- 
 ber of whose hostages there arc a number of noble damsels as well 
 as men. They deem, indeed, that there resides in the female sex 
 something sacred, and capable of presaging the future ; nor do 
 they scorn their advice or neglect their responses. In the time 
 of Vespasian we have seen Velleda long hold the rank of a deity 
 in most of the German states ; and, in former times, they vene- 
 rated Aurina and other females ; not, however, from mere flat- 
 tery, nor yet in the character of actual goddesses." 
 
 a 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF CHIVALRY. 
 
 The legends of Scandinavia and their sagas bear testimony to 
 the existence of customs among the other families of the north 
 which a little ingenuity might easily transform into no very indis- 
 tinct lineaments of incipient chivalry. Favine goes higher, and 
 with great naivete assures us, " that from the creation of the 
 world (which was the first age) arms and blazons have bin in use," 
 and adds, " we will verifie this undoubted maxime by the par- 
 ticularities of each nation and province from age to age. 11 
 
 Without pretending to follow the Parisian advocate in his 
 learned deductions, we shall content ourselves with turning over 
 the curious reader to his " Theater of Honour and Knighthood, 
 Booke I., translated by W. J. Lond. 1623 yet perhaps his 
 referring the origin of coats-of-arms to the last blessing which 
 Jacob gave his children, and the after arranging of the tribes in 
 the wilderness — where every man of the children of Israel was 
 ordered to pitch by his own standard, with the ensign of their 
 father's house — his is not less plausible than the theory which 
 finds the prototype of the chivalric knight in the Roman equites. 
 But it is not till we arrive at that important era when the Ro- 
 man Empire was broken up, and the rich and defenceless plains 
 of Gaul, Italy, and Spain, were flooded by the impetuous tor- 
 rents of fierce barbarians who settled on the lands, whence they 
 had swept a luxurious and enervated race, that we can distinctly 
 mark the progress of that singular institution which gained such 
 an influence on the manners of modern Europe. The barba- 
 rians who issued from their native wilds brought with them all 
 the elements of chivalry ; besides those already mentioned, they 
 had an indomitable spirit of freedom, and a grave and unearthly 
 superstition peculiar to the heathenism of the north, both roused 
 to the utmost pitch of enthusiasm by the desire of conquest and 
 adventure which hurried them on. And the Christianity with 
 which they came in contact, when they entered the bright and 
 flowery valleys of the south, was quite suited to the taste of the 
 conquerors. 
 
 It presented to them in the virgin mother of God an object of 
 adoration at once congenial to their love of gallantry and their 
 shadowy dreams of devotion. The tutelage of the saints pleased 
 their imaginations ; and the easy terms upon which paradise could 
 be procured, after a life of indulgence, by the incantations of the 
 priest, in a few words of absolution at the close, was equally 
 adapted to the ideas of the rude warriors whose untutored minds 
 were finally overcome by the gorgeous drapery of the new reli- 
 gion. The conversion of these nations was in consequence not 
 the slow operation of rational conviction upon the understanding 
 of individuals, but the magical influence of excited feeling upon 
 crowds, generally following the example of their kings, who, be 
 it remarked, usually embraced Christianity as did the first em- 
 peror who professed it in the hour of victory when hot from the 
 battle field ; thus uniting religious enthusiasm with martial re- 
 joicing, and completing the groundwork upon which the enchanted 
 fabric of chivalry arose, namely, religion, gallantry, and heroism ; 
 in other words, devotion, lady-love, and adventure. 
 
 The full bloom of chivalry did not expand till the days of Ed- 
 ward III. of England, when it appeared in all the extent and ripe- 
 ness of its character. The advantages which Europe received from 
 this singular institution have been variously repi-esented. We 
 select the sober estimate of Dr Robertson : — 
 
 " This singular institution, in which valour, gallantry, and re- 
 ligion, were so strangely blended, was wonderfully adapted to the 
 taste and genius of martial nobles ; and its effects were soon visi- 
 ble in their manners. War was carried on with less ferocity, 
 when humanity came to be deemed the ornament of knighthood 
 no less than courage. More gentle and polished manners were 
 introduced, when courtesy was recommended as the most amiable 
 of knightly virtues. Violence and oppression decreased, when 
 it was reckoned meritorious to check and to punish them. A 
 scrupulous adherence to truth, with the most religious attention 
 to fulfil every engagement, became the distinguishing characteris- 
 tic of a gentleman, because chivalry was regarded as the school of 
 honour, and inculcated the most delicate sensibility with respect 
 to those points. The admiration of these qualities, together with 
 
 the high distinctions and prerogatives conferred on knighthood 
 in every part of Europe, inspired persons of noble birth on some 
 occasions with a species of military fanaticism, and led them to ex- 
 travagant enterprises. But they deeply imprinted on their minds 
 the principles of generosity and honour. These were strength- 
 ened by every thing that can affect the senses or touch the heart. 
 The wild exploits of those romantic knights who sallied forth in 
 quest of adventures, are well known, and have been treated with 
 proper ridicule. The political and permanent effects of the spirit 
 of chivalry have been less observed. Perhaps the humanity 
 which accompanies all the operations of war, the refinements of 
 gallantry, and the point of honour, the three chief circumstances 
 which distinguish modern from ancient manners, may be ascribed 
 in a great measure to this institution, which has appeared whimsi- 
 cal to superficial observers, but by its effects has proved of great 
 benefit to mankind. The sentiments which chivalry inspired had 
 a wonderful influence on manners and conduct during the twelfth, 
 thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth centuries. They were so 
 deeply rooted, that they continued to operate after the vigour and 
 reputation of the institution itself began to decline. 11 
 
 About or before the adoption of a new form of religion, a new 
 system of military tactics was adopted by the Spaniards, Normans, 
 and French ; the infantry, which had constituted the strength of 
 the Roman armies, was gradually degraded to the plebeians; while 
 the cavalry — whence chivalry — consisting entirely of gentlemen, 
 invested with the character of knighthood, composed the flower of 
 the martial population during the middle ages.* 
 
 As a military institution, chivalry had acquired somewhat of 
 ceremonial pomp and circumstance before the supremacy of Charle- 
 magne ; yet during that age, and even a century after, in Eng- 
 land the noble was girt with his military sword and girdle by the 
 sovereign, without the intervention or blessing of a priest ; for 
 Edward the Elder, when robing Athelstane in his military garb 
 of scarlet, fastened round him, with his own hands, a girdle stud- 
 ded with precious stones, in which a Saxon sword in a sheath of 
 gold was inserted. 
 
 At what precise time the Romish clergy first interfered in the 
 creation of knights, we have no positive information ; but the in- 
 fluence which they obtained during the reign of that devoted 
 son of the Church, (Charlemagne,) who fought her battles, ex- 
 tended her power, employed her priests in the greatest affairs of 
 state, to the almost exclusion of his warlike nobles, whose pride 
 he gratified with martial rewards and titles, while he himself con- 
 sented to be crowned emperor and legitimate successor to the 
 Cesars, by the Pope acknowledging the power of his holiness to 
 confer the highest earthly honours, gives strength to the supposi- 
 tion that, soon after his decease, the Romish clergy, who never 
 omitted any opportunity of increasing their power, contrived to 
 blend the ceremonies of religion with the military establishments 
 of the continental nations. 
 
 Upon the disruption of his empire, the founders of the differ- 
 ent continental kingdoms divided the provinces among the faith- 
 ful barons ; the barons distributed among their vassals the fiefs 
 or benefices of their jurisdiction, and these military tenants, the 
 peers of each other and of their lord, composed the noble or 
 equestrian order, which disdained to conceive the peasant or 
 burgher as of the same species with themselves. Viewed in this 
 light, the chivalry and feudalism of Europe were co-existent and 
 identical with the sacred companionship of religious knighthood. 
 How long chivalry remained in this state it were needless now to 
 inquire. It does not appear to have been for any very protracted 
 period ; but even before these pious fraternities were regularly 
 constituted, the individual military knights were consecrated by 
 religious ceremonies, and the authoritative cause of this may be 
 found in the beginning of the eleventh century. 
 
 The Romish Church, amid the wild uproar and confusion, the 
 murder, the rapine, and the licentiousness of the age, finding its 
 
 * Their designation was derived from cahallus, in Horatian phrase, a mill-horse, 
 used to signify a war-horse, in modern Latin ; thence the Spanish caballero and the 
 French chevalier (a warrior, serving on horsehaek), a knight. 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF CHIVALRY. 
 
 iii 
 
 own powers inadequate to restore order in the disjointed and tur- 
 bulent state of the times, called in the aid of the counts and 
 barons to coerce the vicious and unrestrained licentiousness of 
 all ranks. At the famous council of Clermont, 1095, where the 
 first crusade was proclaimed, a code of laws, which had been 
 drawn up many years before by the Archbishop of Bourges and 
 several other prelates, for the general regulation of Europe, in the 
 absence of a national legislation, was promulgated, by which the 
 preservation of order, and the protection of the weak against the 
 outrage of the strong, was committed to the nobles ; and every 
 noble youth, at the early age of twelve, was enjoined to submit 
 and swear obedience before the bishop of his diocese. By this 
 oath he bound himself to protect the oppressed, the widow, and 
 the orphan — to guard from violence, and to preserve from insult 
 the ladye-dame or the virgin-damsel of high birth — to clear the 
 public roads of robbers, and to put down outrage everywhere ; 
 accordingly, the first duty of a knight, as stated upon the autho- 
 rity of M. de Sainte Palaye — " Est de maintenir femmes, veuves, 
 et orphelins, et hommes misaises, et non puissans." 
 
 " It was the custom in England among the Saxons," says In- 
 gulph, quoted by Mr Mills, " for every one who wished to be con- 
 secrated into the legitimate militia, to confess his sins to a bishop, 
 abbot, monk, or other priest, in the evening that preceded the 
 day of his consecration, and to pass the night in the church in 
 prayer, devotion, and mortifications. On the next morning, it 
 was his duty to hear mass, to offer his sword on the altar, and then, 
 after the gospel had been read, the priest blessed the sword, and 
 having placed it on the miles, with his benediction, was then com- 
 municated to the knight." 
 
 The preliminary training of a noble youth commenced at the age 
 of seven or eight years, when the women, under whose charge he 
 had been till that time, delivered him over to his chivalric tutors, 
 either at his father's castle, or that of some neighbouring knight, 
 which last was usually preferred, if there were other boys of the 
 same rank and age, together with whom he might be taught the 
 graceful accomplishments required of the young aspirant. During 
 the first seven years he was styled a page, and his duties were to 
 wait on the lord and his lady in all their exercises of war or plea- 
 sure. From the lips of the fair dames the gentle page learned 
 the lessons of religion and the language of love ; and some one in 
 particular he was directed to regard as the type of his heart's 
 future mistress, to whom he was to be obedient, faithful, and 
 courteous. 
 
 An amusing instance of this department of the page's education, 
 translated from VHistoire et plaisante cvonicque du petit Jehan 
 de Saintre, is given by Mills in his history of chivalry, and in a 
 well-written article, " Chivalry," in the new edition of the Ency- 
 clopaedia Britannica, which I use the liberty of transcribing : — 
 
 " The Dame des Belles Cousines, having cast her eyes upon 
 the little Jean de Saintre, then a page of honour at court, de- 
 manded of him the name of his mistress and his love, on whom 
 his affections were fixed. The poor boy, thus pressed, replied, 
 that the first object of his love was the lady his mother, and the 
 next his sister Jacqueline. ' Jouvencel, 1 replied the inquisitive 
 lady, who had her own reasons for not being contented with this 
 simple answer, ' we do not now talk of the affection due to your 
 mother and sister ; I desire to know the name of the lady whom 
 you love par amours.' 1 — ' In faith, madam, 1 said the poor page, 
 to whom the mysteries of chivalry, as well as of love, were yet 
 unknown, ' I love no one par amours." 1 — ' Ah, false gentleman, 
 and traitor to the laws of chivalry,' returned the lady, dare you 
 say that you love no lady ? well may we perceive your falsehood 
 and craven spirit by such an avowal. Whence were derived the 
 great valour and the high achievements of Lancelot of Gawain, of 
 Tristrem, of Giron the Courteous, and of other heroes of the 
 Round Table, — whence those of Panthus, and of so many other 
 valiant knights and squires of this realm, whose names I could 
 enumerate had I time, — whence the exaltation of many whom I 
 myself have known to arise to high dignity and renown, except 
 from their animating desire to maintain themselves in the grace 
 and favour of their ladies, without which mainspring to exertion 
 
 and valour they must have remained unknown and insignificant ? 
 And do you, coward page, now dare to aver that you have no lady, 
 and desire to have none ? Hence, false heart that thou art.' 
 
 " To avoid these bitter reproaches, the simple page named as 
 his lady and love par amours Matheline de Coucy, a child of ten 
 years old. The answer of the Dame des Belles Cousines, after she 
 had indulged in the mirth which his answer prompted, instructed 
 him how to place his affections more advantageously ; and as the 
 former part of the quotation may show the reader how essential it 
 was to the profession of chivalry, that every one of its professors 
 should elect a lady of his affections, that which follows explains 
 the principles on which his choice should be regulated. ' Mathe- 
 line,' said the lady, ' is indeed a pretty girl, and of high rank, 
 and better lineage than appertains to you. But what good, what 
 profit, what honour, what advantage, what comfort, what aid, 
 what council for advancing you in the ranks of chivalry, can you 
 derive from such a choice ? Sir, you ought to choose a lady of 
 high and noble blood, who has the talent and means to counsel 
 and aid you at your need ; and her you ought to serve so truly, 
 and love so loyally, that she must be compelled to acknowledge 
 the true and honourable affection which you bear to her. For be- 
 lieve me there is no lady, however cruel and haughty, but through 
 length of faithful service will be brought to acknowledge and re- 
 ward loyal affection with some portion of pity, compassion, or 
 mercy. In this manner you will attain the praise of a worthy 
 knight ; and till you follow such a course, I would not give an 
 apple for you or your achievments.' 
 
 " The lady then proceeds to lecture the acolyte of chivalry at 
 considerable length on the seven mortal sins, and the way in which 
 the true amorous knight may eschew commission of them. Still, 
 however, the saving grace inculcated in her sermon was fidelity 
 and secrecy in the service of the mistress whom he should love par 
 amours. She proves, by the aid of quotations from Scripture, the 
 fathers of the church, and the ancient philosophers, that the true 
 and faithful lover can never fall into the crimes of pride, anger, 
 envy, sloth, or gluttony. From each of these his true faith is 
 held to warrant and defend him. Nay, so pure was the nature of 
 the flame which she recommended, that she maintained it to be 
 inconsistent even with the seventh sin of chambering or wanton- 
 ness, to which it might seem too nearly allied. The least dishonest 
 thought or action was, according to her doctrine, sufficient to for- 
 feit the chivalrous lover the favour of his lady. It seems, however, 
 that the greater part of her charge concerning incontinence is level- 
 led against such as haunted the receptacles of open vice ; and that 
 she reserved an exception (of which, in the course of the history, 
 she made liberal use) in favour of the intercourse which, in all 
 love, honour, and secrecy, might take place when the favoured 
 and faithful knight had obtained, by long service, the boon of 
 amorous mercy from the lady whom he loved par amours. The 
 last encouragement which the Dame des Belles Cousines held out 
 to Saintre, in order to excite his ambition, and induce him to fix 
 his passion upon a lady of elevated birth, rank, and sentiment, is 
 also worthy of being quoted, since it shows that it was the pre- 
 rogative of chivalry to abrogate the distinctions of rank, and ele- 
 vate the hopes of the knight, whose sole patrimony was his arms 
 and valour, to the high-born and princely dame, before whom he 
 carved as a sewer. 
 
 " ' How is it possible for me,' replied poor Saintre, after having 
 heard out the unmercifully long lecture of the Dame des Belles 
 Cousines, ' to find a lady, such as you describe, who will accept 
 of my service, and requite the affection of such a one as I am ?' 
 — ' And why should you not find her ?' answered the lady pre- 
 ceptress. 'Are you not gently born ? Are you not a fair and 
 proper youth ? Have you not eyes to look on her — ears to hear 
 her — a tongue to plead your cause to her — hands to serve her — 
 feet to move at her bidding — body and heart to accomplish loyally 
 her commands ? And, having all these, can you doubt to adven- 
 ture yourself in the service of any lady whatsoever ?' " 
 
 His military exercises were to leap over ditches, to launch a 
 light spear, or throw the dart ; to raise the shield, and walk with 
 measured military step : his domestic occupations were to learn 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF CHIVALRY. 
 
 to read, and to perform the services of the table, and to act as a 
 cupbearer. 
 
 " A clerk he toke 
 That taught the child upon the boke 
 Both to synge and to rede ; 
 And after he taught him other dede, 
 Afterwards to serve in halle, 
 Both to grete and to small." 
 
 The " bokes" were usually metrical romances treating of love 
 and chivalry, the beauty of the ladies, or the heroic generosity of 
 the knights. The first impressions his young mind received were 
 those of devotion and gallantry, honour and learning ; and his 
 first duties, obedience, courtesy, and regard for truth — 
 
 " Still to the truth direct thy strong desire, 
 And flee the very air where dwells a liar." 
 
 The next step was that of squire, derived from scutifer, Latin 
 — escui/er, French,* denoting a personal military attendant — a 
 shieldbearer, which the youth might attain in his thirteenth or 
 fourteenth year, and to which he was introduced by a solemn 
 ceremony. He was presented at the altar by his father and 
 mother, each bearing wax tapers in their hands, which they laid 
 upon the altar, when the officiating priest, taking a sword and belt 
 which he had previously blessed, girt the page with them, who 
 thenceforth was entitled to assume the name of esquire or squire, 
 and the profession of arms. From the notable history referred to 
 above, we likewise learn that this religious ceremony was not 
 always indispensable ; for Saintre, through the interest of his 
 friend the Dame des Belles Cousines, having obtained the notice 
 <>f his prince, was called by the maitre d'hotel, who thus congra- 
 tulated him : — " Jehan, you shall be no longer page, the king has 
 appointed you his varlet-tran chant ;" then gave him his friendly 
 monition, warning him against pride, and directing him to keep 
 his person scrupulously clean, to see that his hands should be 
 without spot, with no black circlets upon his nails. Jehan pro- 
 mised faithful obedience ; then went, and kneeling before the 
 Icing, thanked him for his royal favour, and immediately after paid 
 his humble respects to the queen, who condescendingly addressed 
 him : " Saintre, the services and grace you have shown to all, and 
 especially to the ladies, have advanced you from a page to a 
 squire of my lord," and exhorted him to maintain his good cha- 
 racter. As he rose from his knee, all present exclaimed, " He 
 has been, and is a good varleton !" So soon as this was concluded, 
 his master and mistress went to dinner, and the maitre d'hotel, 
 putting the napkins, bread, &c. upon his shoulder, desired him to 
 commence his duty as squire-carver, which he did to the admira- 
 tion of all who saw him. 
 
 In squireship there were several gradations, or rather departments 
 of service. The squire, when he first entered upon his new rank, 
 still continued his domestic attendance upon his lord and lady, and 
 waited at table with the pages, only he was promoted to the more 
 honourable offices of carver and cupbearer, though, as obedience 
 was the pervading maxim throughout all the orders of chivalry, 
 no service performed to a knight or a lady was thought degrading 
 or mean. An instance of the high spirit which animated some 
 of these youthful aspirants is mentioned by Froissart. When 
 Edward the Black Prince was sojourning in Bourdeaux, he en- 
 tertained in his chamber a number of his English knights. A 
 squire brought wine into the room ; and the prince, after he had 
 drank, sent the cup to Sir John Chandos, selecting him as the 
 first in honour, because he was constable of Aquitaine. The 
 knight drank, and by his command the squire bore the cup to the 
 Earl of Oxenford, a vain weak man, who, feeling his dignity 
 offended, and thinking he had not been treated according to his 
 rank, refused the cup, and, with a mocking jesture, desired the 
 squire to carry it to his master, Sir John. Why so ? asked the 
 youth, he hath drank already ; therefore drink yon, since he hath 
 offered it to you ; if you will not drink, by Saint George, I will 
 cast the wine in your face. The earl, judging from the determined 
 
 * The title is also derived from scuria, a stable, because he had the care of the 
 
 horses. 
 
 manner of the youth that this would be no idle threat, wisely 
 pocketed the affront, and swallowed the liquor. 
 
 Dinner finished, the squire acted as under-master of ceremo- 
 nies in the amusements ; took care of the chess-boards, and put 
 the hall in order for minstrelsy and dancing ; then joined as a 
 partner in the game or the dance. In his dress he was 
 
 " Right cleanly clad in comely sad attire." 
 
 Yet, though it was never of so fine a texture, so bright a colour, 
 nor so highly ornamented as that of the knight, it sometimes 
 copied his in decoration. 
 
 " Embroider'd was he, as it were a mede, * 
 Alle ful of freshe floures, white and rede." 
 
 The domestic duty of the day was usually concluded by the 
 favoured squire preparing his lord's bed, and afterwards present- 
 ing him with the " vin du coucher." 
 
 As he advanced to manhood, he gradually gave up these house- 
 hold occupations to his younger compeers, became the martial - 
 squire, took charge of the stables, and strictly merited the title, 
 armiger, by accompanying his lord to the field of battle, carrying 
 his armour and shield, while the little page followed with the 
 helmet. In battle he displayed the banner of the baron or the 
 penon of the knight, and received under his charge the prisoners 
 they made. 
 
 The squire's military exercises were preparatory to his serious 
 engagements ; of these, horsemanship was his peculiar delight, 
 and to manage the lance one of his most important acquirements. 
 Quintaine was a favourite amusement, used as an initiatory prac- 
 tice, and was thus performed : — A moveable figure of a man, 
 holding a stout wooden sword in one hand, and a shield in the 
 other, was placed on a pedestal, and turned on a pivot. Against 
 this figure he was directed to charge with his lance at full speed, 
 and to aim right at the middle of the breast ; if he failed to 
 hit the exact spot, but touched the extremities, he made the 
 figure wheel round, and strike him a smart blow, to the great 
 amusement of the spectators. He was also taught the use of the 
 sword and of the battle-axe, and accustomed to the burden of 
 armour, and the endurance of fatigue, hunger, and thirst ; nor was 
 any manly labour omitted that could give strength and activity 
 to the body. Yet love was still the charming serious employ- 
 ment of his peaceful hours ; he sung, played on musical instru- 
 ments, wrote verses, danced with or serenaded his fair. 
 
 " Singing he was, or floyting all the day, 
 He was as fresh as in the month of May ; 
 He could songes make and well endite, 
 Joust, and eke daunce, and well pourtrairc and write. 
 So hote he loved that by nighterdale, ■)- 
 He slept no more than doth the nightiagale ; 
 Curteos he was, lowly and servisable." 
 
 Besides his own amatory vocations he had also those of his 
 superior to attend to. A true knight could not exist without love 
 he was always attached to some lady, and his trusty squire was 
 always the bearer of his messages of gallantry ; for this he was well 
 qualified, by being 
 
 " Of mild demeanour and rare courtesy." 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 Knightship ; the Inauguration of a Knight ; Ceremonies in the Field, at Tournaments : 
 his Armour ; Coats-of-Arms. 
 
 Twenty-one was the age at which the squire was admitted to 
 the full dignity of chivalry, and as this greatly longed for consum- 
 mation approached, his religious observances, fasting, prayer, and 
 confession, were more rigidly enforced. What sort of instruc- 
 
 • Meadow. t All night-time. 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF CHIVALRY. 
 
 v 
 
 tions had been hitherto imparted by his spiritual fathers, it would j 
 be difficult to say ; for religion, stripped of her etheriality and j 
 veiled under the imagery of bodily emblems, appealed not to the j 
 intellectual world of humanity — the hearts and the spirits of men j 
 — but to the forms only and circumstances of society ; her moral j 
 influence burned dimly, while her illusory impressions on the feel- 
 ings and the imagination threw a bewildering and a glaring light 
 over the whole surface of. existence ; and her tones were at once 
 in harmony with the triumphant clarions of the battle-field, the 
 peeling anthems of the cathedral, and the softer symphonies of 
 the love-chamber. Yet, if we may credit these romances, the 
 aspirant was taught what he owed to God, to man, and especially 
 to the Church ; to be chaste, temperate, and devout ; and if the 
 exhortations of his ghostly adviser failed in producing the desired 
 effect, or if the priest's pictures of an holy life were, as was fre- 
 quently the case, wofully marred by his living example, some aged 
 knight, or pious dame, took the gentle page under their tuition ; 
 and the same authority affirms that they were not inferior instruc- 
 tors ; the chevalier being deeply versed in divine mysteries, and 
 the dame's theological learning equal to that of any doctor in 
 divinity. Such as they were, however, when the varlet had duly 
 profited by his religious lessons, acquitted himself honourably in 
 his other vocations, and obtained the reputation of an accom- 
 plished squire, he was inaugurated into the knighthood. Before 
 proceeding to narrate these ceremonies, it is impossible to resist j 
 quoting Stebbing's beautiful remarks on this interesting period in j 
 the life of a chivalrous youth : — 
 
 " If there be any thing, indeed, in the poetry of old romance, 
 in which we may indulge as a true picture of chivalrous delight, j 
 it is in its representations of the pleasures of a young and noble j 
 squire. In the full glow of youth, — occupied incessantly in some 
 pursuit that added to the graces of his person or to his hilarity of 
 feeling, — enjoying the advantages of proud associations, and en- j 
 couraged to expect the most brilliant rewards of future exertion, — 
 he had the brightest materials that hope could possibly possess of 
 which to frame her enchantments. War was to be his glory ; 
 but its ancient splendour was blended with a milder and more cap- 
 tivating charm. The ponderous sword had a golden scabbard, 
 and the iron lance-head was adorned with a silken pennon. There 
 were other smiles to be won than those of senates, and those 
 which he was justified by his elders in valuing more highly than 
 all other rewards of valour. While he was looking forward with 
 anxiety'to opportunities for distinguishing himself in his proud 
 career, he was surrounded by love and beauty in all their bright- 
 ness. Every facility was afforded him for the early devotion of 
 his affections to some rich and gracious mistress. The mode of 
 life which was followed in the baronial hall, made love a necessary 
 ingredient to existence, and maidenly modesty was, no more than 
 maidenly pride, likely to chill the bosom of an ardent and humble 
 suitor. Cheerfully resigning himself, therefore, to the fascina- I 
 tions of beauty, he felt a higher delight in the gallant exercises j 
 which were to prepare him for defending it. His strength and 
 agility were never without an admirer, and whatever merit he j 
 possessed was sure to be enhanced by the smiles and favour of j 
 his gentle mistress. If he dared openly tell his love, it was his j 
 pride and glory to uphold her superiority to all other maidens j 
 among his compeers ; and if circumstances obliged him to keep it 
 secret, he had the romantic pleasures of stolen interviews, and the | 
 interchange of mysterious tokens, with the hope that never failed ] 
 either squire or knight, of vanquishing all difficulties in love or 
 fortune by the good deeds of their prowess. The first years of 
 chivalrous life were thus full of splendid promise ; and the heart j 
 of the young acolyte danced buoyantly to the music of love and I 
 romance which filled the atmosphere that surrounded him. Exis- j 
 tence had not yet been despoiled of any of its seeming good ; I 
 the glory after which he panted, it was for his own arm to win : ] 
 and the love of woman, in all its brightness and luxury, was the 
 jewel of chivalry from its lowest to its highest grade." 
 
 Knighthood originally was an institution of an aristocratic, or | 
 republican, or oligarchic nature, peculiar to a state of society j 
 which never has, and probably never will have, a parallel. There | 
 
 were for nearly six centuries, properly speaking, from the eighth to 
 the thirteenth, but two ranks in European population, the lord and 
 his vassal ; and during the chivalric ages there was but one path- 
 way by which the inferior had the most distant prospect of being 
 admitted into the superior grade — knighthood, of which we have 
 a curious instance in the Romance of Arthur. 
 
 A poor man found access to the king, who was newly married, 
 and surrounded by his court — for condescension was not less a 
 chivalric virtue than bravery. His majesty desired to know his 
 errand. " I was told," replied the poor man, " that your majesty 
 had promised to grant, at this time, any boon that should be asked, 
 if not unreasonable." " True," replied the king, " such cries I let 
 make, and that I will hold, so it apayre not my realm nor mine 
 estate." " You say well, and graciously," said the poor man. 
 " Sir, I ask nothing else but that you will make my son here a 
 knight." " It is a great thing thou askest of me," said the king. 
 " What is thy name ?" " Sir, my name is Ayres, the cowherd." 
 " Whether cometh this of thee or of thy son ?" said the king. 
 " Nay, sir," said Ayres, " this desire cometh of my son, and' not 
 of me. For I shall tell you, I have thirteen sons, and all they 
 will fall to what labour I put them, and will be right glad to do 
 labour ; but this child will not labour for me for anything that 
 my wife or I may do, but always he will be shooting or casting 
 darts, and glad for to see battles and behold knights ; and always 
 day and night he desireth of me to be made a knight." 
 
 " What is thy name ?" said the king, turning unto the young 
 man. " Sir, my name is Tor." The king beheld him fast, and saw 
 he was passingly well visaged, and passingly well made of his years. 
 " Well," said King Arthur unto Ayres the cowherd, " fetch all 
 thy sons afore me that I may see them," and so the poor man did ; 
 and all were shapen much like the poor man. But Tor was not 
 like one of them all in shape nor in countenance, and he was much 
 taller than any of them. " Now," said King Arthur unto the 
 cowherd, "where is the sword, he shall be made a knight withal." 
 " It is here," said Tor. " Take it out of the sheath," said the 
 king, " and require me to make you a knight." Then Tor alight 
 off his mare, and pulled out his sword, kneeling, and requiring 
 the king that he would make him a knight, and that he might be 
 a knight of the Table Round. " As for a knight," said the king, 
 " I will make you," and therewith smote him on the neck with the 
 sword, saying, "be ye a good knight, and so I pray to God so ye 
 may be ; and if ye be of prowess and of worthiness ye shall be a 
 knight of the Table Round." 
 
 This order was at first entirely personal ; but it soon divided 
 into two classes, the knights bannerets and the proper cheva- 
 liers ; the first, transformed into baronets, became hereditary in 
 aftertimes ; the latter, always continued a personal distinction ; 
 but although the title died with the wearer, the reflected honour 
 elevated his descendants, with the exception of the monkish knights, 
 to be afterwards noticed, who abjured matrimony. While the 
 knights bannerets continued, in degree it was of higher dignity 
 than that of knight, from which it was chiefly distinguished by 
 military superiority ; and it could only be attained by a knight 
 who had served for several years, and displayed his prowess in the 
 wars, who could bring with him a retinue of men-at-arms, and 
 archers, or other soldiers, to the field. If a knight had proved 
 himself worthy by his daring exploits, he had a right to demand 
 from his sovereign the rank of banneret, and this was usually con- 
 ferred before or after an engagement by the leader of the forces 
 shaping his pennon into a square banner, by cutting off the tapering 
 end ; an exhortation to valliancy by the herald or chief followed, 
 and the ceremony was complete. The banneret raised his own 
 war-cry, had his own ensign, and was subject to no commands but 
 those of the king alone. Thus, in some measure, the chevalier 
 became a feudal knight, deriving his new dignity directly from 
 the king. 
 
 Not so the true knight chevalier ; each could confer the order* 
 
 * Nor was this power confined to the living, according to romantic story. The dead 
 hand of Sir Lancelot of the Lake was employed to bestow the accolade on an eager 
 aspirant. When the spirit of chivalry began to wane, this prerogative became more 
 and more circumscribed, till at last it almost entirely centered in the sovereign 
 
 b 
 
vi 
 
 HISTORICAL SKETCH OF CHIVALRY. 
 
 on any one duly prepared, and the highest potentate courted the 
 honour from the most celebrated knight. Francis I. received the 
 accolade from Bayard, the chevalier sans pear et sans reproclie ; 
 and the accomplished squire generally singled out the most re- 
 nowned knight, from whom he Avas anxious to obtain the enno- 
 bling blow. When chivalry was paramount, it was usual to fix 
 upon the occasion of some splendid tournament, where the squires, 
 who were deemed fully ripe for being admitted as candidates to 
 bloom among the flowers of knightship, were afforded an opportu- 
 nity for giving proof of their prowess, and exhibiting their qualifi- 
 cations for the high object at which they aimed, in presence of the 
 assembled beauty and nobleness of the land. On this occasion, 
 they all appeared on the day before, dressed in uniform liveries, 
 and dined in the great hall with the prince or baron who gave the 
 spectacle ; mass followed the festival, and an admonition from 
 their lord, or some noble chevalier, to be loyal, obedient, and 
 true, closed the office of the day ; the night' was spent by the 
 acolyte, fully armed, in watching and prayer in some church or 
 chapel ; morning was ushered in by the mass of the Holy Ghost ; 
 then came high mass, next the chanting of the lessons, and last 
 the benediction of the sword, which the prince or noble girded 
 on ; and the ceremony ended by some other chevalier giving them 
 the spurs which were of gold or gilt — the squire's were silver. 
 
 When kings or princes were knighted, which often took place 
 before marriage, the feast of knighthood followed the ceremony. 
 Favine has preserved an account of " the most triumphant ban- 
 quet that ever had been seen,'" solemnized by the Prince Gaston 
 de Foix, in the great hall of St Julian, at tours, on the day of 
 mid-August 1284, upon such an occasion. Twelve tables were 
 prepared, each of them seven ells in length and two and a half in 
 breadth. At the first was seated the king, with the chief princes 
 of the blood ; also the queen and the daughters of France. At 
 the other tables were the rest of the princes of the blood, the 
 princes of the provinces and the principal lords, with the prin- 
 cesses and great ladies, in like manner.* The maitres d'hostel 
 were the Counts Gaston de Foix, de Dunois, de la Marche, and 
 the great seneschal or steward of Normandv. The services were 
 the most magnificent imaginable : — the first was made with white 
 hypocras, a medicated wine, and toasts — the second service con- 
 sisted of fat capons and gammon boiled, accompanied with seven 
 kinds of soups or broths ; all these services were in dishes of sil- 
 ver, and each service for the several tables had an hundred and 
 forty silver dishes — the third service was of meats roasted ; yet 
 not anie other than peacocks,f pheasants, partridges, conies, bit- 
 terns, herons, bustards, woodcocks, swans, green-geese, teales, and 
 all kinds of fowles of the river that could be thought on ; in this 
 service was likewise wild goats, harts or stagges, with all manner 
 of venisons ; and the service for each table had an hundred and 
 forty goodly dishes of silver. 
 
 . Mler this service, twelve lustie men brought in, as an entre- 
 course, or interlude, a castle, with four goodly towers at foure cor- 
 ners, erected upon a rock. In the midst of the castle stood a 
 great tower, in form of a donjon, which had foure windows, in 
 each whereof was placed a beautiful lady richly apparelled. At 
 other foure windows stood foure gallant young boys singing most 
 
 At these entertainments the guests were placed two by two on couches, and only 
 one plate was allotted to each pair ; for to eat on the same trench or plate was consi- 
 dered the strongest mark of friendship or love. Thus, in the Romance of Percy Forest, 
 cited by Ellis iu his uotes to Ways' Fabliaux, vol. i. p. 220, it is said, " there were 
 eight hundred knights all seated at table, and yet there was not one who had not a 
 dame or damsel at his plate !" Mills, vol. i. p. i 77. 
 
 t The peacock was served up in all its feathers. The directions for cooking the 
 bird were, according to the complete house- keeper of former days: — instead of pluck- 
 ing the bird, skin it carefully, so as not to damage the feathers ; then cut off the feet, 
 stuff the body with spices and sweet herbs : roll a cloth round the head, and then spit 
 your bird. Sprinkle the cloth all the time it is roasting to preserve its crest. When 
 it is roasted enough, tic the feet on again ; remove the cloth ; set up the crest ; replace 
 the skin ; spread out the tail, and so serve it up. Some people, instead of serving up 
 the bird, carry their magnificence so far as to cover the peacock with leaf-gold. Others 
 have a very pleasant way of regaling their guests ; just before they serve up, they cram 
 the beak of the peacock with wool, rubbed with camphor-horn ; then, when the dish is 
 placed upon the table, they set fire to the wool, and the bird instantly vomits out flames 
 like a little volcano. M. le Grand, Hist de la vie Privee des Francois. Mills, vol. i. 
 
 p. 178. 
 
 I sweetly before the presense. And to speak truely, this entre- 
 I course seemed a terrestrial paradise ; for on the tops and pinnacles 
 of the tower and donjon were fixed the escutcheons and banners 
 of F ranee, richly painted and emblazoned in colours, as also the 
 devices of King Charles the Seventh, and the order of the Star 
 in white and carnation. 
 
 The fourth service of fowles, as well great as small, the whole 
 service being sumptuously gilded ; and on every table were placed 
 an hundred and forty silver dishes. After this service, for an 
 entre-course, was brought in the shape of a beast, called a tiger, 
 which, by cunning art, disgorged fire from his mouth and nostrils. 
 About his neck hung a rich collar, whereat hung the arms and 
 devices of the king, very costly arid curiously formed. This en- 
 tre-course was carried by six stoute men, each of them having a 
 mandellion* and bonnet made alter the fashion of Bearne, and 
 they danced before the lords and ladies according to the manner 
 of that country, which moved much mirth and laughter ; and this 
 entre-course was commended above all the rest in regard of the 
 new dancing. 
 
 The fifth service was of pies, tarts, dishes of cream, orange- 
 water, and lemonade confected, served in an hundred and forty 
 silver dishes. The entre-course consisted of a great hill or moun- 
 tain, borne by four-and-twentv men. In the mountain stood two 
 fair artificial fountains ; from the one flowed abundantly rose- 
 water, and from the other musk -water, yielding an admirable smell 
 all over the house. From divers quarters and parts of the moun- 
 
 | tain issued forth young living conies and sundry kinds of small 
 
 j birds ; and in hollow places of the said hill stood four young 
 ladies and a damsel, attired like savages, who came forth at a pas- 
 
 | sage in the rock, dancing by good direction an excellent moresco 
 before the assembly. This being done, Count Gaston caused to 
 
 | be given to the heralds and trumpeters, who waited and sounded 
 all the dinner-time, two hundred crowns of the sun, besides ten 
 elles of velvet to the king of arms of the order to make him a 
 robe. 
 
 The sixth service was of red hippocras, with wafers of divers 
 sorts. The entre-course, a man mounted on horseback, very arti- 
 ficially formed and attired in crimson velvet — the whole consist- 
 ing of goldsmith's work — in the midst of a small garden, wherein 
 stood a minstrel gathering all kinds of roses and other flowers, 
 made of wax, which he delivered to the ladies, who made high 
 esteem of such presents. 
 
 The seventh and concluding service consisted of spiceries an.! 
 confections, made in the form of lions, swans, harts, and such 
 like, each bearing the arms and devises of the king. The entre- 
 course was a living peacock, in a goodly ship, bearing about its 
 neck the arms of the Queen of France, daughter to the King of 
 | Sicily. Round the shippe hung banderols, containing the arms 
 \ of all the princesses and ladies of the Court, who were not meanly 
 proud of the honour. In the midst of the haule was a scaffold 
 erected, on which were consorts of singular voices, with all kinds 
 | of instruments. After the banquet, the Count Gaston caused pro- 
 \ claime a jouste for all comers on the eighteenth day of June next 
 | following, with articles and conditions such as are used at jousts 
 and tournaments. 
 
 After the Church obtained the ascendancy, and the knights 
 were considered the most devoted of her sons, the great festivals, 
 Christmas, Faster, or Whitsuntide, became the favourite seasons 
 for their inauguration ; and were particularly recommended to the 
 young acolyte, because " much people would be gathered toge- 
 ther, and God would be sought by many voices to give him grace 
 to acquit himself well in his future career." The whole pomp 
 and ceremony of investiture, assimilated as much as possible to 
 sacred consecration, was then observed. Fasting, prayer, ami 
 confession were necessary preparations ; and abstinence paved the 
 way for exaltation. On the eve of the important day, the novice 
 retired to a church, where he kept the vigil of arms, either watch- 
 ing and praying completely clad in armour, or watching his armour 
 deposited on the altar, and repeating his prayers and meditating 
 
 * Great-coat. 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF CHIVALRY. 
 
 vii 
 
 on his high destiny, beside them. In the morning he was divested 
 of the brown frock, the appropriate dress of the squire ; and, 
 having had two sponsors appointed, he was put into a bath, in imi- 
 tation of baptism, the emblem of his regeneration and of the new 
 life he intended to lead. From the bath he was placed in a bed, 
 the symbol of that rest which he would enjoy in paradise after 
 his honourable trials should be ended on earth ; when raised, he 
 was clad in a white shirt, to betoken the purity of his renovated 
 character — his head was shaved in the form of a tonsure, to mark 
 his subjection to the Church*— and a rich scarlet robe was thrown 
 over him, declaratory of his resolution to shed the last drop of 
 his blood in the cause of heaven ! He was now cased in armour, 
 and conducted in great pomp to the hall of the castle or back to 
 the church, where the solemnities of inauguration took place. 
 
 On reaching the church or hall the youth advanced between his 
 godfathers to the east end, and presented his sword to the priest, 
 who laid it upon the altar, and blessed it in this form : — " Hear, 
 God, we beseech thee, our prayer ; and with the right hand of thy 
 majesty deign to bless this sword, wherewith thy servant desires to 
 be girded, that it may be the defence and protection of churches, 
 of widows, orphans, and all who serve God, against the cruelty of 
 Pagans, and that it may be powerful, and a fear and terror to all 
 deceivers, through Jesus Christ." Having ended, he administered 
 the oaths to the young soldier, who solemnly swore to defend the 
 Church, to respect the clergy, to protect woman and the poor, and 
 never to desert his brethren while life remained. The priest re- 
 delivered him the sword, saying, " Receive this sword accompanied 
 by the blessing of God, and by which, and the strength of the 
 Holy Spirit, you may be strong to resist and cast out all the ene- 
 mies and all the adversaries of the holy Church ; and to protect 
 the people of God by the assistance of the invincible Conqueror, 
 our Lord Jesus Christ. Be mindful of what the Psalmist says — 
 ' Gird thy sword upon thy thigh, 1 that with it thou mayest exer- 
 cise the strength of justice, and powerfully throw'down the mount 
 of corruption, defending the holy Church of God, and execrating 
 and destroying the heretic not less than the infidel. Be the mer- 
 ciful protector of widows and orphans ; raise the fallen and de- 
 fend them when raised ; revenge the wronged ; confirm the well- 
 disposed ; and, as far as thou dost these things, thou shalt come 
 as the glorious champion of virtue to dwell with the Saviour of the 
 world, and enjoy in his kingdom eternal and celestial joys.' 1 '' 
 
 Then all the congregation chanted — " Be of good courage, and 
 observe the ordinances of the Lord. W alk in his ways, and ob- 
 serve his ordinances, precepts, and judgments ; and may God be 
 with you in all your undertakings !" And the priest concluded the 
 religious part of the solemnity with this praver — " God, who by 
 thy providence dost order all things both in heaven and earth, pros- 
 per thy servant here devoted to the duties of thy warfare. May 
 all the power of his enemies be broken by the strength of his 
 spiritual sword, and altogether destroyed ; thou contending for 
 him through J esus Christ !" The final chorus was some verses 
 of the fifty-fourth Psalm, repeated three times. Silence and 
 solemn stillness ensued, and the young warrior, advancing to the 
 supreme lord in the assembly, knelt before him with clasped 
 hands, and was then asked what were his motives in demanding the 
 honours of chivalry, and whether he had any sinister object in 
 view ? Upon answering in the negative, he was invested with all 
 the insignia of knightship, the ladies of the Court and the knights 
 handing him the various pieces of his harness ; and not unfre- 
 quently some of the fair dames fastened his spurs, while his sword 
 was usually belted on by one of the highest ecclesiastics who were 
 present. When fully accoutred, the lord or prince who presided 
 gave him a slight blow with the flat side of the sword on the 
 neck, named the accolade,-f- and he arose dubbed a knight. 
 
 A squire, when admitted to that degree, was required to make 
 
 * As many knights did not relish the shaven crown, this was usually dispensed with 
 by the complaisant bishops or abbots, who substituted a lock of hair as an offering to 
 the Church. The chevalier often preferred presenting this token to his lady-love. 
 
 f Accoladt, duived from collum, the neck, the part struck, or colaphus, a blow ; or 
 the verb collndo, to sport together ; dubbed, Saxon, adopted, i. e. into the fraternity of 
 knighthood. 
 
 noble presents to the chief persons who honoured the ceremony with 
 their presence : to one a horse, to another a splendid dress, pre- 
 cious jewels to the high dames, and ornamental works of the gold- 
 smith to the lovely demoiselles. But the wealthy knight, when 
 invested, was required to bestow large alms on the poor, munifi- 
 cent largesses on the heralds and minstrels, and liberal gifts upon 
 the Church ; and such were the sums requisite, that many consi- 
 derate esquires chose rather to forego the honour than incur the 
 damage. The new made knight immediately mounted his horse 
 amid the sounding of trumpets and the acclamations of the mul- 
 titude, couched his lance, and displayed his curvetings, to the 
 astonishment of the natives. 
 
 The ceremonial of a knight's inauguration admitted, however, 
 of considerable variation according to circumstances, and in the 
 field was exceedingly simple, when prayers were omitted, and the 
 exhortation was short. His equipment also altered with circum- 
 stances. At first, his war-horse* was of the stoutest Spanish 
 breed, but, after the Crusades, Arabians were the favourites. At 
 all times it was dishonourable for a knight to mount a work-horse 
 or a mare, and was even disgraced by being drawn in a carriage 
 by common animals. He was armed, or barded, in unison with 
 the armour of his rider, mail or plated, or a mixture of both. He 
 was caparisoned with great splendour, and his embroidered hous- 
 ings nearly reached the ground. His head was crowned with a 
 crest. His bridle, highly ornamented, had frequently a bit and 
 trappings of solid gold, and to different parts of the harness little 
 bells were attached. During tournaments they were only covered 
 with silk or velvet caparisons, embroidered with armorial bearings. 
 In tilting, their common gait was ambling, which they were taught, 
 by the shoes on the hinder feet having a long point projecting by 
 the toe. Besides his war-horse, the chevalier had his palfrey, on 
 which he rode till the hour of battle arrived ; his courser, which 
 he employed in any affair that required expedition, whether it were 
 gallantry or war ; and his bat-horse, which carried his spear, arms, 
 and luggage, and was usually mounted by one of his squires. 
 
 For offence, the distinguishing weapon was a lance, to the top of 
 whose handle was attached an ensign, called a pennon, framed of 
 silk or linen, emblazoned with heraldic emblems varying in 
 breadth, but tapering towards the end, which showed one point, 
 or more frequently two indentations. The sword was worn hung 
 on the left side of the bauldrick by a leather girdle, sometimes tipt 
 with gold, which descended from the shoulder across the body, 
 and held in the right a long poniard, or war-knife, of the finest 
 steel, thin and sharp pointed, adapted to penetrate the smallest 
 opening in the foemaifs harness, and called the dagger of mercy ; 
 because, when an antagonist knight was dismounted, he was at the 
 mercy of his victor, armed with this subtle weapon, which, upon 
 his yielding, he never failed to obtain. 
 
 " I yield, Sir Count, he cried, my faith I give — 
 Kaymond his blade of mercy sheathed, + and bade him live." 
 
 The sword in later times had a hilt in the form of a cross, on which 
 the name Jesus was engraved, which served as a crucifix when 
 mass was said in the awful pause which preceded the mortal en- 
 counter. I On the head was cut his seal, and on the blade some 
 heroic or moral sentiment was inscribed. This weapon, not subject 
 to be shivered like the lance, usually descended as the heir-loom 
 of knighthood in the family. Besides these, he carried the battle- 
 axe stuck in his belt, and sometimes the maule or martel, a ponder- 
 ous iron hammer, sharpened at the edge, and hung at the saddle- 
 bow till the happy moment "for breaking open skulls" arrived. 
 This dreadful instrument appears to have been the favourite wea- 
 pon of ecclesiastics, who, when they took the field, obeyed the 
 canon-law to the letter, which forbade them carrying swords. Yet 
 
 * War-horse, termed deafer, from being led by a squire on a palfrey on Hie right 
 hand of the knight when going lo the field. 
 + Favine. Book ii. c. 5. 
 
 X The host was carried along the Scottish line immediately before the battle of Ban- 
 nockburn, when all the soldiers knelt to it and to their sword hilts. 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF CHIVALRY. 
 
 one of the kings of France, a valiant knight, is known in history as i 
 the hammer of war, Charles Martel. Their defensive armour con- i 
 sisted, in the earlier stages, of mail, or several small rows of rings, J 
 covered by a row of larger, both sewed on a leather jacket, techni- 
 cally, a hauberk ; the chausses were leather trousers similiarly 
 covered ; when both were joined, the whole was termed the hau- 
 bergeon. The head was protected by a hood of similar materials 
 fixed to the hauberk. The rings were afterwards interlaced, each 
 ring having four others inserted in it, and thus formed a complete 
 iron garment, impervious to the lance, and independent of the 
 leathern lining. The iron rings were displaced by small plates 
 overlapping each other like the scales of a fish ; these again were 
 fortified by plates of solid steel for the protection of the breast and 
 back — the cuirass, a species of defence revived in France and 
 tried at Waterloo, which in turn gave way to plate armour, the 
 last of metal defences till gunpowder drove both chivalry and 
 armour from modern warfare. If, however, the last, it was the 
 most elegant and splendid ; the whole body was cased in steel, 
 highly polished and ornamented, and the head was covered by an 
 helmet surmounted by a crest, and fronted by the visor or bever,* 
 i. e. moveable bars or plates brought up from the chin. 
 
 " Upon the top of all his lofty crest, 
 A bunch of hairs discolour'd diversely, j 
 With sprinkled pearl and gold full richly drest, 
 
 Did shake and seem'd to dance for jollity." j 
 
 The whole was sometimes made of gold, or ornamented with the 
 knight's coat-of-arms, and often crossed by a scarf embroidered I 
 by his lady-love. But the most prominent part of defensive j 
 armour in chivalric ages was the shield, to lose which was accounted j 
 the greatest disgrace that could befall a knight. Its form was j 
 fashioned by the taste of the chivalier ; but the more common shape 
 was a parallelogram, an oblong, or a triangular figure, broad at the 
 top and narrower toward the bottom. It was emblazoned with 
 heraldic or romantic ensignia in gold or silver, and mottos, expres- j 
 sive of wild daring or loyalty in love, were inscribed upon it, to 
 animate his spirit in the hour of danger ; but in the tournament 
 amorous devices were the prevalent impresses. Over his armour 
 the knight wore a surcoat without sleeves, which opened in front, i 
 at the back, or at the sides, made of gold or silver-cloth, or the j 
 most valuable furs ; on this was depicted some device symboliz- 
 ing any remarkable circumstance of the knight's life, which, sur- 
 mounted by the crest, formed what we call the coat-of-arms.-f* In ! 
 these emblems were intermingled feudalism and chivalry, as every 
 feudal lord had the right to choose his own armorial bearings which 
 were common to the family and were hereditary ; to confer them I 
 upon knights and esquires also, till the royal power overtopped j 
 the aristocracy, and this privilege became a prerogative of the 
 crown. Previously, many a deadly tilt had ensued from one 
 knight assuming the arms of another ; but when the king only 
 could confer these distinctions, all disputes were settled by the j 
 heralds, constituted into a court ; and the absurd practice of duel- 
 ling on this point of honour abolished. The knights in the field j 
 of battle, in the court, and especially at tournaments, were dis- j 
 tinguished by their coats-of-arms. In the field they had also their j 
 war-cry, either their own name alone, or that coupled with na- j 
 tional or favourite saints, in which they were joined by their fol- 
 lowers, at the tournament : the shout was — their lady and their 
 love ! 
 
 * From the French, buvoir, to drink, as it was raised when the knight drank or 
 wished for air. 
 
 " I saw young Harry with his bever up." — Shakspeare. 
 
 + These were also painted on the shield, which now forms the ground of modern 
 i'oats-of-arnis. 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 Emblematical Instruction of a Knight's Armour ; its Religious Morality •, Character 
 of a true Knight, his Religion, Gallantry ; Chivalric Ladies, their Accomplish- 
 ments, Constancy, and Courage; Knights, their Occupations and Amusements; 
 Hunting, Hawking ; the Tournament ; remarkable Tournays held in England 
 and Scotland. 
 
 A sacred halo surrounded the profession of knighthood during 
 the middle ages ; it was literally a church militant, where every 
 knight was a missionary, and every piece of armour contained an 
 allegorical sermon; while to carry home conviction to the heart of 
 a Saracen by the thrust of the lance, or knock it into his brain 
 by the stroke of the martel, were meritorious services. The lance, 
 even and iron-headed, was the emblem of truth in its straight- 
 forwardness and strength ; the helmet, which covered the coun- 
 tenance, proclaimed the worth of modesty ; the hauberk pictured 
 forth the spiritual panoply, a shelter and a defence against sin and 
 temptation ; the gorget, encircling the neck, taught the duty of 
 obedience, to bend his will in dutiful submission to the commands 
 of his sovereign ; the miscrecorde — the dagger of mercy — which 
 often prevailed when all other weapons were vain, pointed out the 
 mercy of God, and the necessity of trusting to his aid ; the shield 
 typified the office of the knight, for as he placed it between his 
 body and the foe, and thus warded off danger, so he interposed 
 himself between the king and the people, and their enemies, and 
 was their protection and their guard ; the greaves* announced the 
 necessity of keeping the feet from evil ways ; the spurs preached 
 the duty of swiftness and diligence in all laudable undertakings ; 
 while the gauntlets,*)- lifted up on high, enforced the necessity of 
 prayer to God, and the sacredness of the vows which he had sworn. 
 Nor was the arms of the knight only emblematical, the trappings 
 of his horse were likewise fraught with instruction. The saddle 
 figured forth the safety of courage ; its large size, the greatness 
 of the rider's charge ; and as his head — the horse's, to wit — went 
 first, (how should it go ?) so should reason precede all the acts 
 of a knight. The horse himself exemplified noble daring ; and 
 his sumptuous trappings enforced the necessity of wealth to pre- 
 serve the honour of the profession. 
 
 Such was the equipment of a knight and the religious morality 
 it was to inculcate — a topic to be enlarged upon by the bishop or 
 abbot, who was directed by the rules of chivalry to enforce upon 
 the young chevalier, in a special homily, the necessity of reve- 
 rencing the seven sacraments, practising the seven great virtues, 
 and avoiding the seven mortal sins, by the most powerful of all 
 practical appeals, that, if he did otherwise, and became a foul and 
 recreant knight, he would convert himself into a beast, while his 
 horse would be converted into a knight ! 
 
 A true knight's character was a curious compound. Theoreti- 
 cally he ought to have been all that was brave, generous, true, and 
 pure — pre-eminent in religion, gallantry, and war. On a closer 
 examination, he did not appear quite so thoroughly exempted from 
 the frailties of the human race. His religion was the religion of 
 the age. His orisons were many ; the day commenced with the 
 matins of our lady, and closed with a nocturn from the psalter. 
 He was frequent at mass, and zealous to piomote the causeVjf the 
 Church against infidels and heretics, in the Holy Land and in 
 Christendom. His argument, for he had but one, with each was 
 the same ; and Saint Louis, the most pious of knights, urged it as 
 a mode of singular efficacy : " Thrust thy sword into the belly of 
 a heretic, as far as it will go ; for Heaven has elected clerks to 
 maintain the holy Catholic religion by reason against the mis- 
 creants, but knights have been ordained to extirpate them by 
 arms !" And so far did this principle carry the knight, that he 
 would sometimes even forget his courtesy to a lady, however high 
 her birth, if she were a paynim. Sir Be vis, in the Romance, 
 replies to the message of a lovely maiden, who was unfortunately 
 no Christian — 
 
 * Coverings for the thighs. 
 
 t Gloves. 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF CHIVALRY. 
 
 " I will not go one foot on ground 
 
 For to speak with an heathen hound ; j 
 Unchristian hounds I rede ye flee, 
 
 Or I your heart's hlood will see." ! 
 
 In many, however, perhaps we should not err much if we said in | 
 most, their religion was subservient to their lady-love, especially in j 
 the young. If we may take the declaration of a youthful knight, | 
 in the " Lai of Aucasin and Nicolette,"* as a specimen, " Para- 
 dise!" exclaimed he, " is only the habitation of dirty monks, 
 priests, and hermits ; for my ain part, I prefer the thought of go- 
 ing to the Devil ; for with him I am sure of the society of kings, 
 knights, squires, minstrels, and jugglers, and, above all the rest, 
 the mistress of my heart ! " Yet such cases may be considered 
 as exceptions,^ and exceptions are said to confirm a general rule. 
 Be it so. Still enough will remain to warrant the conclusion, 
 that his virtues were those of his order rather than his religion ; 
 and that his gallantry, with all its extravagance, was the more 
 harmonizing principle of the two. Let us see. A knight with- 
 out a mistress was a body without a soul, or a ship without a rud- 
 der, in the estimation of a true chevalier. Nor was his profes- 
 sion of being her servant a mere figure of speech, he was with all 
 his heart obedient : — 
 
 " What thing she hid me do I do ; 
 And where she bid me go I go ; 
 And when she likes to call I come. 
 I serve, I bow, I lowte, 
 My eye followeth her about ; 
 What so she will so will I." 
 
 He believed her perfect in virtue ; and, to be worthy of her, it 
 was requisite that he should himself be virtuous. There was an 
 ideal charm of unearthly loveliness thrown around her ; and it 
 was not in poetry alone that she was an object of sentimental 
 adoration, his whole demeanour to the sex displayed a grave and 
 stately politeness to his lady, the reverential homage of a devoted 
 love ; and his constancy equalled his ardour. His mistress was 
 ever present to his mind's eye. The thought of her approbation 
 animated him to the most arduous undertakings, and supported 
 him amid the most extended trials, softened his fatigue, and swell- 
 ed his courage. Her smile was the guerdon of his labours — her 
 love the bliss of his existence.^ His most splendid achievements 
 were done in her name and redounded to her praise. Nor was he 
 content with honouring alone the object of his admiration ; he 
 proclaimed her superiority in virtue, wit, beauty, and accomplish- 
 ments over all other ladies of whatever degree, and his readiness 
 to maintain her fame at all hazards. 
 
 To break a lance for the love of their peerless dames was an 
 exploit eagerly sought ; and the enamoured knight travelled from 
 court to court to throw down his gauntlet of defiance, which sel- 
 dom failed on being as gallantly taken up. Many were the tilts 
 run to settle this point. Nor were the lists ever closed at any 
 tournament until a solemn course had been made in honour of the 
 ladies. On these occasions the favoured chevalier wore the badge 
 of his lady's affections, a scarf round his bosom, or a glove on his 
 helmet, to which responded the device on his shield ; not unfre- 
 quently some playful enigma furnished by the fair damsel herself, 
 and only understood by the lovers ; or, if his love were avowedly 
 Platonic, some extravagant trope, by which he declared to the 
 world its intenseness and purity ; for sometimes the object to 
 whom he dedicated his unlimited devotion might be a queen or a 
 a princess, a lady united to another, or placed far above his high- 
 est pretensions. 
 
 These fair rulers of the chevalier's destinies were, at least in his 
 
 * Quoted by Mills. 
 
 f One mentioned by Mills certainly was. " Another chevalier boasted that he had 
 burned a church with twenty-four monks its tenants." 
 
 J Amid all this adoration of the women, the French, with their usual inconsistency, 
 would not allow the mother to ennoble the son. " The old custom of Orleans, Paris, 
 and the Barony, is such, that if a man be not noble from his father, yet were he so by 
 eighteen descents of stock by the mother, such an one being suffered to be made a 
 knight, his lord may cause his spurs tu be cat off upon a dunghill 1 " Favine, book i. 
 chap. 6. 
 
 imagination, resplendent beauties, and courteous as lovelv, marked 
 by dignity of demeanour and simplicity of dress, except at the 
 tournament, the festival, and church, where, robed in gorgeous 
 apparel and sparkling with jewels, they shone in magnificent splen- 
 dour, like the lesser tutelary deities of the place ; and, if we mar 
 believe the minstrel, not less accomplished in mind than adorned 
 in body : — 
 
 " They her leied of astiohomy, 
 Of arithmetic and of geometry ; 
 Of sophistry she was also witty, 
 Of rhetorick and of other clergy ; 
 Learned likewise in musicke."* 
 
 The harp was their favourite instrument, and romances their fa- 
 vourite reading. They were, moreover, well skilled in the heal- 
 ing art and chirurgery, in which 
 
 " The faire maiden could, like cunning leech, 
 Thrust deftly back the dislocated bone, 
 Then, culling curious herbs of virtue tried, 
 While her white smock the needful bands supplied; 
 With many a coil the limb she swathed around." 
 
 Constancy and courage were among the esteemed qualities of 
 the chivalric dames ; for, as they admired bravery as the first of 
 a knight's indispensable qualities, so some of them emulated what 
 they admired ; and it was not alone in romance that the lady's 
 spear was bathed in a chevalier's blood. On stripping the slain 
 after the battle of Barrow-muir, Pitscottie tells us that the body 
 of a foreign knight, who, " after wonders of valour," had fallen 
 in the field, was discovered to be a female. But all were not such. 
 It was the glory of the knight to search out the unfortunate, 
 oppressed, and helpless widow or orphan, and fly to the aid or 
 the rescue of every damsel in distress. They banded together for 
 defence of the ladies, and twelve knights of France, in the reign 
 of Charles VI., at whose head stood Bouciant, the most famous 
 jouster of his time, bearing the device of a fair lady on a green 
 shield, proclaimed their assumption of the right to assist and to 
 defend all noble dames, damoiselles, and others, who were injured 
 in their honours, or fortunes, or fame, who should complain to 
 them or desire their assistance. 
 
 War and wild adventure were the serious employment of a 
 chevalier ; hunting and hawking his amusement. The tournament 
 formed a compound of both. 
 
 " In wares and wars is honour wont to dwell. 
 And will be found with peril and with pain ; 
 Nor can the man that moots in idle cell 
 Unto her happy mansion e'er attain. 
 Before her gate high God did sweat ordain, 
 And wakeful watches ever to abide." 
 
 In former times the knights constituted the strength of Euro- 
 pean armies, and the fields of Agincourt and Cressy were won by 
 the prowess of English chivalry. Each brought with him his 
 squire, his men-at-arms, who generally fought on horseback with 
 the lance and the sword, and his archers, sometimes also mounted, 
 and from four to six other retainers. These were called the furni- 
 ture of a lance ; and, when ranged in the order of battle, they 
 formed the two first lines — the knights in front, the squires in rear. 
 Their charge was tremendous ; but at Bannockburn the pitfals 
 rendered their services inefficient, while the archers decided the 
 day ; yet still they kept the post of honour and retained their 
 high bearing till the Swiss proved that infantry was the superior 
 force. 
 
 * Mills, in his History of Chivalry, says, p. 183, " The mental education of women 
 of those days was not of a very high polish ;" yet he quotes the above lines from the 
 romance of Guy of Warwick, which also says of Felice, the daughter of Earl Ho- 
 lland :— 
 
 " Gentle she was, and as demure 
 As ger-fauk or falcon to lure, 
 That out of mess were y drawe, 
 So fair was none, in sooth snsse. 
 She was thereto courteous, and free, and wise. 
 And in the seven arts learned withouten mis." 
 
 C 
 
X 
 
 HISTORICAL SKETCH OF CHIVALRY. 
 
 Hunting was not as now a sport for children ; the chase of crea- 
 tures who sought only safety in cunning or flight — the fox and the 
 hare — " the mystery of the wood," was then the wild boar or the 
 wolf, and their capture often offered a contest worthy of men who 
 sought to rid their country of noxious animals, bipeds, or quadru- 
 peds. The most magnificent pleasure-hunt upon record is that with 
 which the Earl of Atholl entertained King James V. The account 
 is preserved by Lindsay of Pitscottie. In the midst of a fair mea- 
 dow a palace was constructed of green wood, entwined with ver- 
 dant boughs of birch ; it was of a quadrangular form, each corner 
 strengthened by a massy and lofty tower surrounded by a ditch, 
 with turreted gate, and drawbridge, and portcullis ; it was light- 
 ened by numerous glass windows, then both rare and expensive ; 
 the walls were adorned with tapestry, and the floors strewn with 
 odoriferous herbs and blossoms. Game of every description 
 abounded, and the ditch was filled with the most delicious fish 
 for the pastime and entertainment of the illustrious visitors ; 
 wines of every kind flowed in profusion, and the dessert was com- 
 posed of the choicest fruits and confections. Here the royal guest 
 was entertained three days, during which he followed the chase 
 with barbaric splendour, and complimented at the close with a 
 parting illumination in consonance with the rest, Atholl setting 
 the whole in flames, as soon as the company left. The papal 
 ambassador, who saw the finale with amazement, expressed his 
 surprise to the king. James coolly replied it was not the cus- 
 tom of the Highlanders to use the same apartment twice for their 
 boreal festivals ! The ladies generally accompanied the gentlemen 
 in hunting parties, sometimes temporary stands being erected 
 whence they might enjoy the sport, though they frequently joined 
 in the pursuit, and many of them were highly praised by our 
 ancient " baladines" for their expertness with the bow. Queen 
 Elizabeth was extremely fond of the chase; and the nobility who 
 entertained her in her different progresses formed large hunting 
 parties, which she usually joined when the weather was favourable. 
 In the seventy-seventh year of her age, she frequently indulged 
 herself in following the hounds, at which time one of her courtiers, 
 writing to Sir Robert Sidney, says, " Her majesty is well and 
 excellently disposed to hunting, for every second day she is on 
 horseback, and continues the sport long. Often when not dis- 
 posed to hunt herself, she was entertained with the sight of the 
 pastime."' 1 At Condroy, in Sussex., the seat of Lord Montecute, 
 a. T). 1591, one day after dinner her grace saw from a turret 
 " sixteen bucks all having fayre lasse pulled downe with greyhounds 
 in a lund or lawn." 
 
 Hawking was a favourite amusement of the lively and unfortu- 
 nate Mary Queen of Scots. She was enjoying this sport when 
 John Knox was introduced to her in Eife, and had a long, rational, 
 and friendly conversation with her, from which the Reformer re- 
 tired highly gratified. The ladies in general were exceedinglv 
 fond of hawking in the thirteenth eenturv, and were said bv a 
 contemporary writer, quoted by Strutt, to have even excelled the 
 men in the knowledge and exercise of the art of falconry. The 
 clergy also delighted in the sport, though prohibited bv the 
 Church; perhaps the more, because it was so; at least the satirists 
 of the age allege that the offence was no great bar to the enjoy- 
 ment of the pleasure. Flying at the heron was one of the finest 
 specimens ; a chase which ended in the death of both the hawk 
 and the heron has been well described by the poet Somervillc : — 
 
 " Nor like a wearied stag 
 That stain's at bay, the heron provokes their rage, 
 Close by his languid wing on downy plumes, 
 Covers Iris fatal beak, anil cautions hides 
 The well-dissembled fraud. The falcon darts 
 l.ike lightning from above, and in her breast 
 Receives the latent death : down plumb she falls, 
 Bounding from earth, and with her trickling gore 
 
 Defiles her gaudy plumage 
 
 At length the heron fatigued, 
 
 Home down by numbers, yields, and prone on earth 
 lie drops; his cruel foes wheeling around, 
 Insult at will." 
 
 The Tournament* was the grand, enchanting, heart-stirring 
 spectacle of the chivalric ages, and gallantry strove to gain the 
 smile of beauty, where a galaxy of all the land's loveliness shone 
 with concentrated lustre on a scene of joyous revelry, and where 
 heroes delighted to pay homage at the shrine of their romantic 
 divinities. To trace the origin of these splendid arrays to classical 
 antiquity is as ridiculous as to trace it to the aborigines of the 
 northern forests ; they arose out of that peculiar state of society 
 which created or fostered chivalry. It was at first the relaxation 
 of warriors who, in times of peace, sought a semblance of war, and 
 delighted to exhibit their prowess in mock combats, when the 
 mortal fray was for the while suspended, which gave birth to these 
 gorgeous exhibitions. Their peculiar features, which distinguish 
 them from every other species of public entertainment, belonged 
 to the modes of life, manners, and customs, which brought out 
 upon the canvass forms and figures belonging to no era in the 
 annals of mankind except their own. 
 
 So early as the twelfth century, on every Sunday in Lent, im- 
 mediately after dinner, it was usual for great crowds of young 
 Londoners, mounted on war-horses, well trained to perform the 
 necessary turnings and evolutions, to ride into the field in distinct 
 bands, armed with shields and headless lances, where they exhibited 
 the representation of battles, and went through a variety of war- 
 like exercises ; at the same time many of the young noblemen, 
 who had not received the honour of knighthood, came from the 
 king's court and from the houses of the great barons to make trial 
 of their skill in arms, the hope of victory animating their minds. 
 The youth being divided into opposite companies, encountered 
 one another; in one place they fled, and others pursued without 
 being able to overtake them ; in another place one of the bands 
 ; overtook and overturned the other. Strutt supposes that on these 
 | occasions they " actually tilted the one against the other ; at any 
 | rate became excellent horsemen, and were the institutors of rude 
 tournaments ; but the absence of the ladies evidently marks this 
 as rather an intermediate diversion between the warlike exercise 
 I and the tournament — for the presence of the ladies was the soul 
 of the tournament." 
 
 At the earliest period in history where we find tournaments 
 I mentioned, we find that a knight possessed of sufficient landed 
 j property might proclaim and celebrate a tournament ; but in pro- 
 I cess of time this privilege, like that of conferring knighthood, was 
 i assumed as part of the royal prerogative, and none could be held 
 j without the sovereign's permission. They were celebrated upon 
 | high occasions, coronations, royal births, marriages, victories, &c, 
 | when heralds were dispatched to the neighbouring courts with 
 i invitations to all who valued their knighthood, who could prove 
 | themselves of gentle birth by four descents, and requested dames 
 > and maidens to repair to the appointed spot and prove their chi- 
 \ valry ; though the terms were afterwards relaxed, and all untainted 
 1 knights and their followers were admitted to contend in " the 
 | tilted plain," and joust and tournaywith the knights. This plain, 
 i called also " the lists," was a large space railed in by ropes, with a 
 ; wooden partition or " barrier" in the middle, to prevent the horses 
 | from encountering each other. The hostels, or tents, assigned, the 
 i knights for their reception, were erected around this space some 
 j time before the tournament, and were decorated in front with the 
 | armorial ensigns of the intending combatants ; near them galleries 
 | were raised, covered with rich tapestry, on which were depicted 
 ! the feats of renowned chevaliers displaying their ardour in the 
 s combat, or kneeling at the feet of their high-minded mistresses, 
 s and receiving from their hands the envied tokens of their affec- 
 j tion. 
 
 The ladies often proposed and always bestowed the prizes of 
 i valour. They were likewise the supreme judges in cases of com- 
 | plaint against any knight for any breach of the laws of courtesy, 
 j and assisted with their switches in driving the recreants from the 
 I course. Sometimes they led the horses of the knights, and ac- 
 ; cordingly, if the following account in Mills be correct, sometimes 
 ; even the knights themselves. " At the day appointed for a merry 
 
 i 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF CHIVALRY. 
 
 xi 
 
 tournament in the reign of Richard II., there issued out of the j 
 tower of 'London, first threescore coursers apparelled for the lists, 
 and on every one a squire of honour riding a soft pace. There s 
 appeared threescore ladies of honour mounted on fair palfreys, 
 each lady leading by a chain of silver a knight sheathed in joust- I 
 ing harness. The fair and gallant troop, with the sound of cla- 
 rions, trumpets, and other minstrelsy, rode along the streets of j 
 London, the fronts of the houses shining with martial glory in 
 the rich banners and tapestries which hung from the windows. 
 They reached Smithfield, where the Queen of England and many 
 matrons and damsels were already seated in richly-adorned gal- 
 leries. The ladies that led the knights joined them ; the squires 
 of honour alighted from their coursers, and the knights in good j 
 order vaulted upon them." This probably formed the introduction | 
 to the famous tournament, a.d. 1390, mentioned by Winton. i 
 
 In that year, Sir David Lindsay of Glenesk, afterwards Earl of 
 Crawford, passing with a gallant train to a tournay appointed at j 
 London by Richard II., overcame Lord Wells, a valiant knight, : 
 both in the horse and foot combat. On the day after the con- 
 test, a verbal contest gives a rude specimen of the wit of the time. 
 An English knight saying that there was no doubt bold men in s 
 Scotland — but such were the issue of the English by illicit inter- 
 course with Scottish ladies during the conquest of that kingdom — 
 Sir William Dalyel, a knight in Lindsay's train, retorted " that the j 
 case might be true, but it was equally certain that a proportional j 
 degeneracy had taken place among the English warriors, the pro- 
 geny of valets, clowns, and father-confessors, whom the ladies had 
 admitted to their arms during the absence of their lords." At 
 the same time Sir Piers Courtenay, an English knight and royal 
 champion, appearing with the following motto embroidered on 
 his sleeve : — 
 
 " I beer a falcon, fairest of flicht, 
 
 Whoso pinches at her his death is dicht 
 In graith." 
 
 Dalyel assumed a similar dress with the badge of a magpye and 
 this courteous retort : — 
 
 " I beer a py pykkand at ane pes, 
 
 Quhasa pykkis at her, I sal pyk at his nese ! 
 In faith." j 
 
 The mutual defiance was accepted ; but as Dalyel demanded j 
 
 that, in compliance with the laws of the tournament, the champions j 
 
 should be perfectly equal, and he having lost an eye at the battle j 
 of Otterbourne, therefore his opponent should also have one ex- 
 tinguished before the combat. The affair went no farther. 
 
 A more celebrated tournament took place at Stirling during 
 
 Lent 144-9, in presence of the king and a large assemblage of no- j 
 
 bilitv, of which a full and an interesting account lias been pre- j 
 
 served by a contemporary writer : — j 
 
 " When Messire Jaques de Lalain saw that there was no fur- I 
 ther occasion for him there, he returned, and found the good j 
 Duke of Burgundy in his city of Lille, who received him favour- 
 ably : but he soon took leave of the Duke, and set out for Scot- j 
 land, lie was accompanied by Messire Simon de Lalain his 
 uncle, and Ilerve de Meriadet, and many other worthy men ; and \ 
 so far as I understand Messire James Douglas, brother of the I 
 Earl of Douglas, and the said Messire Jaques de Lalain, had for- 
 merly wished to meet in arms, and had sought each other for that | 
 purpose. At the instance of the said Messire James Douglas, j 
 battle was permitted by the king, between him and M. Jaques de 
 Lalain ; but the fair grew and multiplied so that a conflict to out- j 
 ranee was concluded on, of three noble Scotishmcn, against M. 
 Simon and M. Jaques de Lalain, and Herve Meriadet, all to i 
 fight at once before the King of Scotland. And when the day | 
 of the conflict came, the king most honourably received them in I 
 the lists ; and though I was not myself a spectator, vet I must \ 
 recount the ceremonies for example to future times. For three j 
 memorable things occur, besides the battle, which was most fiercely | 
 disputed on both sides. ' 
 
 " The first was, that when the three belonging to the court of 
 Burgundy were all armed, and each his coat-of-arms on his back, 
 ready to enter into battle, M. Jaques de Lalain spoke to M. Simon 
 his uncle, and to Meriadet, and said, ' Messieurs, and my bro- 
 thers in the conflict, you know that it is my enterprise which has 
 led us into this kingdom, and that in consequence the battle has 
 been granted to M. James Douglas ; and, although each of us 
 may assist his comrade, I beg and request you that, whatever be- 
 fall me this day, none of you attempt to succour me, for it would 
 seem that you had passed the sea, and entered into this conflict 
 only to assist me, and that you did not hold or knoAv me a man 
 able to sustain the assault and combat of one knight, and hence 
 less account will be held of me and my knighthood.'' 
 
 " After this request, sallied from the pavilions the champions 
 in armour, furnished with axes, lances, swords, daggers ; and they 
 had leave either to throw or push their lances as they chose. 
 
 " The two Messires James Douglas and Jaques de Lalain were 
 in the middle, to encounter each other, which they did. On the 
 right was M. Simon de Lalain, who was to engage a Scotish 
 squire, and Meriadet was to meet a knight of high power and 
 fame ; but they found themselves transverse, so that the knight 
 was opposite to M. Simon ; and then Meriadet, (who desired to 
 assail him who was appointed, without regard to the strength or 
 fame of his antagonist,) passed across, to place himself before M. 
 Simon, and meet his man. But the good knight coldly and 
 firmly turned towards Meriadet, and said, ' Brother let each keep 
 himself to his opponent ; and I shall do well if it please God. 1 So 
 Meriadet resumed his rank before his antagonist : and this is the 
 second thing which I desired to commemorate. 
 
 " The champions began to advance each against the other; and 
 because that the three on the part of Burgundy doubted lest the 
 place might be too confined for so many lances, thev all three 
 threw their lances behind them, (the third cause of my recital,) 
 and seized their axes, and rushed on the Scots, who came within 
 push of lance, but that availed them nothing. Though all fought 
 at once, I shall rehearse the adventures one after the other. 
 
 " The two Messires James Douglas and de Lalain met each 
 other, and approached so nigh, that of all their weapons there re- 
 mained none save a dagger, which the Scotish knight held. The 
 said M. Jaques de Lalain seized him by the arm, near his hand 
 which held the dagger, so closely, that the Scot could not avail 
 himself of it ; and he held the other arm below the arm-pit so 
 that they turned each other round the lists for a long time. 
 
 " M. Simon de Lalain and the Scotish knight were strong 
 champions, and neither of them skilled in warding blows of the 
 the axe ; like two valiant knights they attacked each other so 
 often, that in a short time they had crushed the visors" of their 
 basinets, and their weapons and armour, with mutual blows; and 
 the fight seemed equal. 
 
 " On the other side was Herve de Meriadet, whom the Scot- 
 chman attacked with the push of lance ; but Meriadet turned off 
 the blow with the but end of his axe, so that the lance fell from 
 the Scot's hands ; and Meriadet pursued him so keenly that, be- 
 fore the Scot could undo his axe, he came within his guard, and 
 with one blow felled him to the earth. Meriadet then left the 
 Scot to arise, who was quick, light, and of great spirit, and arose 
 speedily, and ran to Meriadet for the second time. Meriadet 
 (who was one of the most redoubted squires of his time for 
 strength, lightness, coolness, and skill in arms and in wrestling.) 
 received the assault with great composure, then returned it, and 
 again struck him to the ground with his axe ; when the Scot again 
 attempted to rise, but Meriadet struck him on the back with his 
 hand and knee, and made him fall flat on the sand. And not- 
 withstanding the request which Messire Jaques de Lalain had 
 made, the said Meriadet, seeing the struggle of the two knights, 
 advanced to assist the said Jaques; but the King of Scots threw 
 down his baton, and they were parted. Now though it be against 
 my plan, and though 1 write of this combat without having seen 
 it, I nevertheless report it truly, by the report of the Scots and 
 of our party." 
 
 The following arc the principal tournaments which took place 
 
xii 
 
 HISTORICAL SKETCH OF CHIVALRY. 
 
 in Scotland, whose dates are preserved, but the particulars have 
 passed away : — 
 
 During the middle ages tournaments were very common ; and 
 Pinkerton, in his Retrospective View of the State of Scotland, 
 mentions that, in the reigns of Robert II. and 111., and James 
 I., that is, from 1571 till 1437, " tournaments presented the 
 grandest theatre of entertainment." — liefore the year 1194, Fa- 
 vine says, " there had been thirty-seven tournaments. 1 ' — Richard 
 I. of England held several tournaments " that his subjects might 
 be trained to oppose their enemies, the Scots. 11 — Edward III. 
 held a tournament, where David II. of Scotland carried off the 
 prize. 
 
 In Scotland, during the rei<m of Kin"- William, there were 
 three tournaments, viz. at Roxburgh, Edinburgh, and Stirling. — 
 In the reign of Alexander II., there was one at Haddington. — 
 In the reign of Alexander III., at Roxburgh, upon the festivals 
 of his son's marriage. — In the reign of Robert III., in which 
 the Scottish knight, Hugh Traill, overcame the famous English 
 knight, Morlo. — James IV., " the unfortunate hero of Flodden 
 Field, 11 repeatedly invited, by proclamation, the earls, barons, 
 and knights to tournaments, at the appointed place, which was 
 generally Edinburgh. — On his marriage to Margaret, daughter of 
 Henry Vll. of England, in 1508, the gorgeous tournaments on 
 Laniberton moor were invigorated by the valour, and graced by 
 the beauty, of both nations. — In 1508, he continued to indulge 
 his court in frequent and splendid tournaments. — January 1, 1537, 
 James V. was married to Magdalen, daughter of Francis I. of 
 France, at the church of Notre Dame in Paris. The dazzling 
 pomp of the ceremony was followed by tournaments, and other 
 exhibitions of singular grandeur, worthy the gorgeous opulence 
 of the first court in Europe. 
 
 In the year a.d. 1515, a defiance was exchanged between 
 Henry VIII. of England and Francis I. of France, who met 
 according to appointment in the plains of Picardy ; and this, we 
 believe, was among the last regular tournaments which took place 
 between high princes in Europe. We give Hume's account of 
 the exploit : — 
 
 " A defiance had been sent by the two kings to each other's 
 court, and through all the chief cities in Europe, importing, that 
 Henry and Francis, with fourteen aids, would be ready in the 
 plains of Picardy, to answer all comers, that were gentlemen, at 
 tilt, tournament, and barriers. The monarchs, in order to fulfil 
 this challenge, advanced into the field on horseback, Francis sur- 
 rounded with Henry's guards, and Henry with those of Francis. 
 They were gorgeously apparelled ; and were both of them the 
 
 j most comely personages of their age, as well as the most expert 
 \ in every military exercise. They carried away the prize at all 
 trials in those rough and dangerous pastimes ; and several horses 
 and riders were overthrown by their vigour and dexterity. The 
 ladies were the judges in these feats of chivalry, and put an end 
 to the rencounter whenever they judged it expedient. Henrv 
 erected a spacious house of wood and canvass, which had been 
 framed in London ; and he there feasted the French monarch. 
 He had placed a motto on this fabric, under the figure of an 
 English archer embroidered on it, — cut adhwreo prwest ; he pre- 
 vails whom I favour : expressing his own situation as holding in 
 his hands the balance of power among the potentates of Europe. 
 In these entertainments, more than in any serious business, did 
 the two kings pass their time till their departure." 
 
 Monastic Knights formed a strange anomaly in the orders of 
 knighthood. While the other chevaliers were devoted to the ser- 
 vice of the ladies, these were forbidden to keep their company ; 
 like the " religious," they were bound by the three great monastic 
 vows of abstinence, poverty, and obedience. They were not only 
 to be chaste, but they were not to look upon a woman. No 
 brother was permitted to kiss maid, wife, or widow, his sister, mo- 
 ther, or any female relative whatever ; even the holy kiss of 
 charity was forbid ; and the statute of the Knights Templars 
 piously asserts, that " it behoves the knights of Jesus Christ to 
 avoid the kisses of women in order that they may alwavs walk 
 with a pure conscience before the Lord — 
 
 Fugiat ergo foeminea oscula Christi militia." 
 
 The religious orders were sanctioned, if not established, by 
 Papal authority, and were consequently devoted to the support of 
 the Papacy. Their grand object was to support the Cross of 
 Christ and the cause of the Church, and their discipline was a 
 strange intermixture of the cloister and the camp. The grand 
 epoch of their splendour was when the chivalry of Europe poured 
 upon the East, and the Knights of the Temple of Saint John and 
 Saint James led the van of those squadrons who went to free the 
 holy sepulchre. These knights, however, whatever might be their 
 extravagances, signalized their later days by one of the most 
 splendid achievements which illustrate modern times ; and it is 
 perhaps not saying too much when we affirm that the defence of 
 Malta was the salvation of liberty in Europe. 
 
THE 
 
 EGLINTON FAMILY. 
 
 It will naturally be expected that some genealogical 
 account should be furnished of the family of the popu- 
 lar Nobleman, to whom the country has been indebted 
 for the late magnificent pageant, a description of which 
 is contained in the following pages. Descended from a 
 martial stock, who have been honourably distinguished 
 in all periods of our history, it is not to be wondered 
 at, that the present representative of this noble House 
 should look with complacency on those feats of arms by 
 which his ancestors became famous, nor that his admira- 
 tion of departed splendour should lead him to attempt, 
 on a grand scale, to revive their remembrances. 
 
 There is no doubt whatever that the family of Mont- 
 gomery came in with the Conqueror. Tradition, indeed, 
 goes so far as to trace their genealogy to a Roman 
 Knight, who settled with his legion in a district of the 
 Appenines, named Mons Gomericus, from whence the 
 family name Montgomery. There would be some diffi- 
 culty, we presume, in proving this at the Herald's 
 Office ; but it is a well known historical fact, that Roger 
 Montgomery, Viscount de Hiesmes, was nearly related 
 to William of Normandy, with whom he came over to 
 the invasion of England, and that he commanded the van 
 of the Norman army at the celebrated battle of Hastings 
 in 1066, by which the Saxon dynasty was overturned. 
 The profuse liberality of William to his followers, on his 
 accession to the English crown, is well known ; and it 
 was not at all likely that the distinguished services of 
 Roger, to whom, in fact, the victory was mainly owing, 
 would be overlooked. He was raised to the dignity of 
 Earl of Arundel and Shrewsbury, and was rewarded 
 with extensive grants of territory in the south and west 
 of England, particularly in Shropshire, nearly the whole 
 of which county was conferred upon him. Arrived at 
 these dignities, the stout Roger did not " couch him on 
 the downy bed of peace," but continued to exercise his 
 martial propensities on his neighbours, greatly to their 
 loss and his own advantage. Among other spoils, he 
 added to his possessions (literally by conquest) a con- 
 siderable tract of fine country in Wales, which to this 
 day bears the name of its conqueror — the Shire of 
 Montgomery. 
 
 The Montgomeries did not long retain possession of 
 their honours and estates in England. The dissensions 
 that took place among the children and successors of the 
 heroic William must have made it extremely difficult for 
 the Barons of that day to decide upon the course which 
 would best secure their favour with the successful party. 
 It is said that the House of Montgomery adhered to a 
 competitor for the throne, who was discovered, by his 
 defeat and the ruin of his cause, to be an arch rebel and 
 
 traitor against his rightful because successful sovereign ; 
 and it may easily be imagined, that no King of England 
 at that time would feel the crown secure upon his head, 
 so long as his claim to wear it was disputed by a subject 
 so powerful as the House of Arundel, whose founder 
 was the relative and friend of the Conqueror. But 
 though too weak to disregard his enmity, he appears to 
 have been sufficiently powerful to cause his ruin. The 
 Montgomeries left England ; and the manner of their 
 doing so is a curious illustration of the laxity of the 
 feeling of loyalty which existed among powerful sub- 
 jects in that age, as well as of the estimation in which 
 a good knight was regarded by monarchs. It does not 
 appear that the Montgomeries had any scruple in trans- 
 ferring their allegiance from the English to the Scottish 
 crown ; while, on the other hand, the then reigning 
 monarch of Scotland hailed their arrival as if they had 
 been the main bulwarks of his throne ; and, in proof of 
 his regard, conferred on the head of their family the lands 
 of Eaglesham, in Renfrewshire, which have remained 
 in the family undiminished, for the long period of seven 
 hundred years. 
 
 In the fourteenth century, the extensive estates of 
 Eglinton and Ardrossan passed into the possession of 
 this family by the marriage of Sir John Montgomery 
 with Elizabeth, daughter and heiress of Sir Hugh de 
 Eglinton. Sir John Montgomery was in no degree 
 unworthy of the fame of his warlike ancestors. He 
 was the friend and supporter of the celebrated Earl of 
 Douglas, whom he accompanied at the well known battle 
 of Otterbourne, rendered familiar to every hearth in 
 the country by the popular ballad of Chevy Chace. In 
 this battle Montgomery maintained the fight after the 
 death of his leader, and gained the victory, taking the 
 celebrated Hotspur prisoner with his own hands. Harry 
 Percy was too valuable a capture to be put to light 
 ransom : with the money received for his release, Sir 
 John built the Castle of Polnoon, in Renfrewshire, 
 some ruins of which are all that now remain to attest its 
 ancient grandeur. It was in consequence of his chival- 
 rous exploits at this battle that Sir John received in 
 marriage the hand of a niece of the Scottish monarch. 
 
 A member of the family returned to settle in France 
 in the beginning of the reign of Francis I., and his 
 son, John de Montgomery, better known under the 
 name of Captain de Lorges, was renowned for his ad- 
 dress in all bodily exercises, which, however, did not 
 prevent his wounding Francis I. in a sort of mock fight, 
 on the forehead, with a lighted brand. The son of this 
 gentleman, Gabriel de Montgomery, also a great lover 
 of tilts and tournaments, had the misfortune, in an 
 
 A 
 
■> 
 
 THE EGLINTON FAMILY. 
 
 affair of this kind, to wound mortally Henry II., who 
 tilted with him. After several anxious and restless 
 years, the consequence of his involuntary regicide, he 
 was taken in 1574, and imprisoned in one of the towers 
 of the Conciergerie, which for a long time bore his 
 name, and was beheaded by order of Catherine de Me- 
 dicis, who thus revenged the death of her husband 
 twenty-four years after his death. 
 
 About the year 1448, the family was raised to the 
 Peerage, by the title of Baron Montgomery; and 
 about the beginning of the sixteenth century, they re- 
 ceived the higher title of Earl of Eglinton from the 
 hands of James IV., whose own chivalrous character, 
 prompting him to deeds of romantic gallantry, ren- 
 dered him peculiarly fitted to appreciate the same qua- 
 lities in others. Towards the close of this century, the 
 Eglinton descent devolved upon a female, who was mar- 
 ried into the noble House of Seton, one of the most 
 ancient, and then the most widely connected in Scotland. 
 A younger son by this marriage, named Alexander, 
 took the surname of Montgomery ; and an entail of the 
 estates having been executed in his favour by his mo- 
 ther, he was, through the influence of his uncle, the 
 Earl of Dunfermline, then Lord Chancellor, allowed the 
 Earldom by James VI. He was familiarly known by 
 the appellation of Graysteel, from the hero of an old 
 Scottish poem, to whose character and habits he was 
 popularly supposed to bear some resemblance. In his 
 time the religious troubles commenced in Scotland, 
 which ended in the overthrow of the altar and the throne 
 together ; and Graysteel, " Montgomery-like," bore a 
 conspicuous part in these disputes. He espoused with 
 all the ardour of his family the popular cause, and his 
 name is to be found among the first subscribed to the 
 Solemn League and Covenant in 1639. He was also 
 one of the leaders of the army which soon after invaded 
 England, and mainly contributed to turn the tide of 
 battle against the royal arms. But Lord Eglinton was no 
 blind worshipper of democratic rights : he had taken 
 up arms for the limitation, not the extinction, of the 
 prerogative ; for the reformation, not the destruction of 
 the Church ; and, after the Royalist struggle was at an 
 end, and the designs of Cromwell became manifest, he 
 proved himself as formidable a foe to the usurper as he 
 had before done to the tyrant. In common with Leslie 
 and the other leaders of the Scottish forces he declared 
 for the cause of Charles II., and proved so obnoxious to 
 the Protector, that that remarkable man, in his cam- 
 paign in the west of Scotland, rased the mansion of Lord 
 Eglinton at Ardrossan to the ground. 
 
 This vindictive proceeding, however, did not shake 
 the attachment of the House of Eglinton to the cause 
 of rational liberty. In the Revolution which drove the 
 dynasty of Stuart from the throne of these realms, they 
 again adhered to the popular side ; and in the Rebellion 
 of 1715, Alexander, the ninth Earl, zealously aided the 
 Government of the day ; having at one period, in con- 
 junction with the Earls of Glasgow and Kilmarnock 
 and Lord Sempill, assembled six thousand trained men 
 at Irvine, ready to support King George against the 
 Pretender and all other enemies. 
 
 The tenth Earl was also named Alexander. It was 
 
 mainly owing to his exertions that those improvements 
 commenced in the system of agriculture which have re- 
 sulted in making the county of Ayr, formerly a wild 
 and neglected district, a model of good husbandry. His 
 exertions were not very popular at the time ; and some 
 of his plans, it must be owned, were eccentric enough, 
 and scarcely to be reconciled to the modern notions of 
 political economy. Not content with throwing several 
 farms into one, by means of which several families were 
 dispossessed of the ground which their ancestors had 
 cultivated for ages, he introduced a system of inter- 
 change of farms among his tenantry, removing a farmer 
 from one part of his estate to another, on the plea that 
 this tended to stimulate the whole to increased exer- 
 tions and improved modes of agriculture. The tenantry 
 could not understand this fashiousness on the part of 
 their noble Landlord, and many and deep were the mur- 
 murs which it excited ; but they were per force obliged 
 to comply. The effect of all these unpopular measures, 
 however, was soon seen in the improved condition of 
 the county. The end of this Nobleman was melan- 
 choly enough. Taking an airing through his grounds 
 one day, near Ardrossan, while on horseback, with his 
 carriage and four or five servants attending, he came up 
 to an officer of Excise, named Mungo Campbell, who 
 had been poaching on the lands, and insisted on his 
 delivering up the gun he carried, having formerly par- 
 doned him for a similar offence. This Campbell refused 
 to do, saying, he would sooner part with his life than 
 his gun. The parties continued in a state of alterca- 
 tion ; Campbell retreating backwards and the Earl ad- 
 vancing, till the former stumbled on a stone and fell 
 over. In rising, he fired at his Lordship, who received 
 the whole contents of the piece in his body. He was 
 removed in his own carriage to Eglinton, where he died 
 about one o'clock next morning. His death was a severe 
 public loss to the county at the time ; though it was 
 remarked by his tenantry that, from his previous pro- 
 ceedings with them, they were sure he was fey — a popu- 
 lar superstition in Scotland, by which a person, who is 
 labouring under an unusual degree of excitement, is 
 supposed to be near death. 
 
 Alexander was succeeded by his brother Archibald, 
 who had raised a regiment of Highlanders in 1757, and 
 accompanied them to North America, where he served 
 with reputation, more especially in an expedition against 
 the Cherokees. At his death in 1796, he held the rank 
 of a General in the army, leaving two daughters, one 
 of whom died in infancy, and the other, Lady Mary 
 Montgomery, is mother of the present representative of 
 the House. 
 
 It ought to be noted, that the mother of these two 
 noblemen, and wife of Alexander the ninth Earl, Susan 
 Kennedy, daughter of Sir James Kennedy of Culzean, 
 was a lady no less famed for mental accomplishments 
 than for her beauty. She was the patroness of Allan 
 Ramsay, who, in token of his gratitude, dedicated to her 
 his celebrated pastoral of " The Gentle Shepherd." 
 
 On the death of Archibald without male issue, the 
 titles and the greater part of the estates devolved upon 
 Colonel Hugh Montgomery of Coilsfield, descended from 
 a younger son of Earl Alexander, surnamed Graysteel. 
 
THE EGLINTON FAMILY. 
 
 3 
 
 He had served in America during the greater part of the 
 Seven Years' War, where he acquired the reputation 
 of a brave soldier, and was fourteen years Captain of a 
 company of the First or Royal Regiment of Foot. At 
 the breaking out of hostilities with France, in 1778, he 
 was appointed Major in Lord Frederick Campbell's Re- 
 giment of Fencibles, which was raised in the counties 
 of Argyle, Bute, Dumbarton, Renfrew, Lanark, and 
 Ayr, and of which Lord Frederick was Colonel. 
 
 In 1780, at the general election, the Major was cho- 
 sen Member of Parliament for the county of Ayr, in 
 opposition to Sir Adam Fergusson of Kilkerran, who 
 had sat in the former Parliament. He was again re- 
 turned for the same county in 1784, but vacated his 
 seat in 1789, by accepting the office of Inspector of 
 Military Roads ; the duties of which he performed for 
 some years with assiduity, travelling on foot over exten- 
 sive tracts of rugged ground in the Highlands, for the 
 purpose of ascertaining the proper courses for the roads, 
 to the great advantage of the public, by rendering the 
 lines shorter, and avoiding the expense of several bridges 
 deemed necessary under the former plans. 
 
 On the declaration of war, by the French Convention 
 against Great Britain and Holland, in 1793, seven regi- 
 ments of fencibles were ordered to be raised in Scot- 
 land for the internal defence of the country. One of 
 these, the West Lowland Fencibles, being under the 
 immediate patronage of the Eglinton and Coilsfield 
 families, Major Montgomery was appointed Colonel. 
 
 In 1796, he was again returned Member of Parlia- 
 ment for the county of Ayr ; but his seat became va- 
 cated almost immediately after, having succeeded to the 
 Earldom of Eglinton, upon the death of his cousin 
 Archibald, the eleventh Earl, on the 30th October of 
 the same year. 
 
 It may be as well to mention here, that though for 
 several years a Member of the House of Commons, and 
 deeply interested in the political questions of the day, 
 Colonel Montgomery was not distinguished for what a 
 popular orator of our own day, on a recent occasion, de- 
 signated " the worthless accomplishment of practised 
 oratory." He belonged rather to that numerous class 
 who are disposed to say with Cesar, " It is harder for 
 me to say a thing than to do it." In consequence, his 
 voice was rarely heard in St Stephens. This defect, if 
 it may be called one, has been felicitously hit off by 
 Burns, whose perception of character seems to have 
 been intuitive, and who, in a stanza of his celebrated 
 " Earnest Cry and Prayer to the Scotch Representa- 
 tives," thus apostrophises the gallant Colonel : — 
 
 " Thee, sodger Hugh, my watchman stented, 
 If bardies e'er are represented, 
 I ken, if that your sword were wanted, 
 
 Ye'd lend your hand ; 
 But when there's ought to say anent it, 
 
 Ye're at a stand."* 
 
 While limited to the patrimonial revenue of Coils- 
 field, the Colonel was distinguished for his good taste 
 
 * This stanza was suppressed in the ordinary editions of Burns' 
 Works, but it has been lately restored by Allan Cunningham. 
 
 and public spirit. No one maintained a more liberal 
 establishment. His horses were always of superior met- 
 tle, and his carriage the most handsomely mounted in 
 the district ; but, by his succession to the title and estates 
 of Eglinton, a new and more extended field was opened. 
 His predecessors, Earls Alexander and Archibald, had 
 greatly improved their lands, especially in the neigh- 
 bourhood of Kilwinning. " They set the example," 
 says a writer in 1803, " of introducing a new mode of 
 farming — subdividing the land — sheltering it by belts 
 of wooding, and planting the little rising mounts on 
 their vast estates, by which means Ayrshire has become 
 like a garden, and is one of the richest and most fertile 
 counties in Scotland." Earl Hugh was not behind his 
 predecessors. The first thing which presented itself as 
 an object of improvement was the old Castle ; which 
 had been the family seat for nearly five hundred years. 
 It was no doubt sufficiently strong, but neither commo- 
 dious nor elegant. He therefore had it immediately 
 pulled down, and the present splendid castellated edifice 
 erected in its stead. 
 
 The most extensive of all the Earl of Eglinton's un- 
 dertakings was one which, although it proved in some 
 measure ruinous to himself, now bids fair to realize some 
 of those advantages to his descendants, which he of 
 course never could expect to witness himself. We re- 
 fer to the formation of the harbour of Ardrossan, and 
 the projected canal from thence to Glasgow. The ad- 
 vantages presented by such a proposal appeared so mani- 
 fest to the Earl, that he entered upon the speculation 
 with the utmost enthusiasm, calculating upon his views 
 being at once seconded by the commercial capitalists of 
 Glasgow and Paisley, if not by some of the proprietors, 
 whose lands would be considerably increased in value 
 by the canal. The primary object of the design was to 
 cut off the circuitous and dangerous navigation of the 
 Clyde, which, previous to the introduction of steam, was 
 a serious obstacle to the growing commerce of Glasgow. 
 The Bay of Ardrossan presented many natural advan- 
 tages for an extensive harbour, having at its entrance a 
 depth of six fathoms at low water, and five to three fa- 
 thoms for more than one-half of its extent, with good 
 anchorage, wherein the largest frigates, as well as mer- 
 chantmen, might ride in safety ; while, by cutting a 
 canal to Glasgow, a ready transit for commerce with the 
 west was anticipated, besides opening an internal com- 
 munication through the most populous and important 
 districts of the country. The line of canal, as well as 
 the harbour and docks, were surveyed and estimated by 
 the celebrated Mr Telford. According to the plan, the 
 canal was to commence at Tradestown, in the suburbs of 
 Glasgow ; thence stretching along by the manufacturing 
 districts of Paisley, Johnston, &c, traversed one of the 
 most remarkable seams of coal, being from seventy to 
 ninety feet in thickness. There were to be in all thirty- 
 one locks on the canal. In short, it was anticipated 
 that Ardrossan would become to Glasgow what Liver- 
 pool is to Manchester. 
 
 The Earl immediately set about the immense un- 
 dertaking, by procuring two acts of Parliament — one 
 for the harbour, and another for the canal ; and on 
 the 31st July 180G, being the anniversary of the birth 
 
4 
 
 THE EGLINTON FAMILY. 
 
 of his eldest son, Lord Montgomery, the foundation 
 stone of the harbour was laid with more than usual 
 masonic ceremony, and amid a vast concourse of spec- 
 tators. 
 
 The cost of the harbour of Ardrossan was originally 
 estimated at =£"40,000 ; but the work was not long be- 
 gun before it was evident, from unforeseen obstructions, 
 that that sum would not half complete it, while the 
 merchants of Glasgow did not enter into the scheme 
 with that alacrity which had been anticipated — the city 
 having previously expended vast sums in deepening the 
 Clyde. A company was no doubt formed, and the canal 
 ultimately cut as far as Johnston ; but, for want of 
 funds, it never went farther. Notwithstanding the lack 
 of that encouragement he had expected, Lord Eglin- 
 ton continued to prosecute, single-handed, the hercu- 
 lean task undertaken, although at a much slower pace 
 than he could have wished. He left no means untried 
 to keep the work advancing, having not only sold seve- 
 ral valuable portions of his estate, but incurred debt to 
 a large extent ; indeed, it is understood that, previous 
 to his death, he had expended on the harbour alone up- 
 wards of ^70,000, without the satisfaction of having 
 completed what had been so much an object of his soli- 
 citude. The Earl died, at an advanced age, in 1819, 
 after having for many years honourably discharged the 
 duties of Lord-Lieutenant of the county of Ayr, which 
 
 were somewhat arduous, especially during the three 
 latter years of his life. His Lordship was created a 
 Baron of Great Britain and Ireland in 1806, by the 
 title of Baron Ardrossan of Ardrossan. He was also 
 a Knight of the Order of the Thistle. 
 
 His son Archibald, Lord Montgomery, was born in 
 1773. In early life he entered into the army as an 
 Ensign in the 42d Regiment, or Royal Highlanders, from 
 which he exchanged into the Guards, and served in 
 Holland under the late Duke of York. He was Lieu- 
 tenant-Colonel of the Glasgow Regiment, reduced in 
 1795 ; and afterwards Colonel of the Ayrshire Militia, 
 which he resigned in 1807. He was promoted to the 
 rank of Major-General in the Army in 1809. He 
 served in Sicily in the years 1812 and 1813, and, in 
 the absence of Lord William Bentinck, represented 
 his Britannic Majesty at the Court of Palermo. Re- 
 moving thence on account of bad health, he died, before 
 his father, in 1814, at Alicant, in Spain. His Lordship 
 married Lady Mary Montgomery, eldest daughter of 
 Archibald, eleventh Earl of Eglinton, thus uniting the 
 lineal and the male branches of the Family. 
 
 The present Earl is the only surviving child of this 
 marriage. He was born in 1812, and was consequently 
 only two years old at the death of his father, and 
 seven at the death of his grandfather. His Lordship is 
 now in his twenty-seventh year, and unmarried. 
 
 The above is a brief sketch of the fortunes of the House of 
 Eglinton. It •will be seen from it that their genealogy stretches 
 into the remote regions of antiquity, and that their scutcheon is 
 emblazoned with many heroic deeds. It may indeed be affirmed 
 with confidence, that few men, whose ancestors figure so promi- 
 nent in the history of their country, have less cause to blush for 
 this notoriety than the Earl of Eglinton. From their first ap- 
 pearance in history, down to the present day, they have been true 
 to their country, and loyal to their King. We behold them, in 
 times of quiet, modestly retiring within the circle of their own 
 enjoyments, occupying their time in the improvement of their 
 estates and the welfare of their dependents ; but, when times of 
 trouble arose, and the country demanded the assistance of her 
 children, no one more readily responded to the call than the scions 
 of the family of Montgomery. Whether it was the raging of 
 foreign war, or the festering of internal commotion, they calmly 
 made up their mind as to the part they were to act ; and having 
 done so, they embarked in it with a chivalrous devotion of fortune, 
 and fame, and life itself, to the advancement of what they consi- 
 dered the good cause. They were never found halting between two 
 opinions. Their resolutions might be right or wrong ; but none 
 can deny that they were announced with manly boldness, and fol- 
 lowed up with unshaken constancy. Such being the character of 
 his ancestors, it is not to be wondered at, that " the ancient faith" 
 
 should burn brightly in the bosom of their descendant. Look- 
 ing back upon such an illustrious line of progenitors, whose home 
 was the camp and the tented field, but who could so gracefully 
 exchange it for the more quiet and retired scenes of country fc, 
 an admiration for those chivalric deeds, by which they won their 
 fortune and their fame, must in him have grown into a passion. 
 We can easily conceive, that as he surveyed the ancient armour 
 which had so long hung in his halls, the proud monuments of 
 an age and a state of society that have long since passed away, 
 something like a sigh would escape him that no opportunity now 
 presented itself to grapple with fame as his gallant ancestors did 
 on the listed plains ; and if his good sense suggested that things 
 are better as they are, who shall blame him for the wish to re- 
 vive at least the remembrance of their splendour ? The age of 
 chivalry, indeed, in one sense, has passed away ; but there were 
 feelings and associations connected with that period, which the 
 world ought not willingly to let die. The romantic bravery, the 
 high sense of personal honour, the resolution to maintain right 
 and to redress wrong, which distinguished that age, are qualities 
 which ought never to become obsolete ; and though we are not 
 amongst those who hold that the present generation has shown 
 more disregard to them than former periods, we are still sangr' e 
 enough to anticipate a fresh stimulus to all the noble qualitie f 
 the head and heart from the gorgeous pageant at Eglinton Cas . 
 
THE 
 
 EGLINTON TOURNAMENT. 
 
 The world lias been startled from its lethargy. After centuries 
 of repose, each distinguished beyond its predecessor for an in- 
 creasing tendency to utilitarian dulness, the age of chivalry, with 
 its splendid pageants, has again come round ; and the eyes of 
 the lover of the romantic have been favoured with the sight of a 
 real Tournament. 
 
 When it was first announced that the Earl of Eglinton had 
 resolved to revive the manly sports of those days in which his 
 ancestors were so distinguished, it Avas received by the world at 
 large with a feeling nearly approaching to incredulity. The habits 
 of the present day are so different from, if not opposed to, the 
 manners and customs of the days of chivalry ; and mankind are 
 so unapt to raise their fancies to realize what they have never be- 
 fore witnessed, that it was not wonderful the popular belief on 
 the subject should oscillate between indignation for the hoax that, 
 as they supposed, was about to be perpetrated on their credulity, 
 and ridicule for the folly that could dream of this attempt to 
 bring about the impossible. 
 
 As time wore on, however, and every newspaper teemed with 
 accounts of the drilling that was daily taking place in London, 
 these feelings began to wear off ; and, in their stead, curiosity 
 began to fill men's minds — a curiosity that became more intense 
 and anxious as the time appointed for the pageant approached, 
 until at last it formed the all-engrossing theme of conversation in 
 every circle. The liberality of the noble Lord of the Tourna- 
 ment greatly contributed to this state of things. With a disin- 
 terested generosity, which seemed to realize Chaucer's picture of 
 
 " A very perfect gentle Knight," 
 
 he not only threw open his policies to the public at large, but at 
 great expense erected stands for the accommodation of visitors, 
 which it was announced would be open for their reception, with- 
 out any charge whatever. The only condition imposed was, that 
 they should obtain tickets from his secretary, coupled with a re- 
 quest that they should appear in costume as nearly as possible in 
 keeping with that of the fourteenth or fifteenth centuries, but at 
 all events varied from that of the present day. It will not be 
 wondered at that, on such easy terms, thousands of applications 
 for places should be made, and that every " buttress, prop, and 
 coigne of vantage," from whence to view the gorgeous spectacle, 
 should be eagerly sought after. The centre or Grand Stand, 
 which was to be enlivened by the presence of the Queen of Love 
 and Beauty, was principally set apart for the accommodation of 
 the nobility and gentry who had been specially invited by the 
 Lord of the Tournament to witness the spectacle. 
 
 On Monday, the influx of strangers to Irvine, the neighbour- 
 hood, and coast of Ayrshire generally, was unparalleled, and their 
 importunities for lodgings and tickets of admission to the Stands, 
 while the former had been almost entirely pre-occupied, and the 
 latter wholly disposed of, can more easily be conceived than de- 
 scribed; as though, for the accommodation of spectators, every 
 exertion had been made, which at the time appeared sufficient, 
 yet the concourse of visitors far exceeding anything contem plated, 
 thousands were necessarily obliged to shift for themselves on the 
 ground, relying on the resources of height of stature and strength 
 of limb and arm for enabling them to obtain a peep of what was 
 going forward. 
 
 The Liverpool, Glasgow, Stranraer, and other steamers, con- 
 tinued up till Wednesday morning to arrive with crowded decks 
 
 — private equipages had been flying at an unprecedented speed, 
 and stage coaches had not a vacant corner. But if the bustle 
 was great for days previously, Wednesday morning eclipsed all 
 others. The conveyances mentioned were plying with redoubled 
 velocity — nearly a dozen large steamers arrived, fitted up as float- 
 ing hotels, besides yachts, all crowded with passengers — the Irvine 
 and Ayr Railway Trains, with the new engine Marmion, and ad- 
 ditional coaches, were running every hour and quarter, and con- 
 veyed, on Wednesday alone, three thousand passengers. It was 
 a strange contrast, and seemed to place the passengers on a stand- 
 ing' around between two worlds, that thev should travel to witness 
 a revival of the manners of the fourteenth century by means and 
 appliances which constitute the glory of the nineteenth. 
 
 To give those at a distance some idea of the bustle which the 
 Tournament has been creating all over this part of the country, 
 we may mention, that the seats in the coaches from Edinburgh, 
 Glasgow', &c, and indeed every conveyance which traversed Ayr- 
 shire, from whatever quarter it might come, had all been taken 
 weeks before ; and, although crowded steamers arrived in halt- 
 dozens, many parties from long distances had been compelled to 
 post the last fifty or sixty miles. Nay, we learn from authority 
 that we can rely upon, that the " British Queen," on her last ar- 
 rival, brought a party of inquisitive Americans, who had no other 
 object in coming to this country than to see the Tournament ! 
 To such an extent has posting throughout the country been car- 
 ried, that on the road from the South in particular, many, and 
 amongst these the Right Hon. Lord Saltoun, met the annoyance 
 of a long detention at every stage, as horses could not be pro- 
 cured, the majority being fairly worked off their legs, while the 
 hosts and hostesses had not enjoyed the embrace of Morpheus 
 for three successive nights ! The vehicles and horses at Ayr and 
 at Irvine, abundant for all ordinary occasions, were sadly deficient 
 on Wednesday, though reinforcements had been previously sent 
 thither from Maybole, Girvan, Kilmarnock, and almost every 
 town and village in the county. Inwardly might the landlord: 
 and drivers pray that Tournaments were monthly events, or rather, 
 perhaps, that the business that thus swamped them in a few days, 
 had been spread over as many weeks. 
 
 The Castle of Eglinton stands in the midst of a beautiful and 
 extensive park, richly wooded, on the south side of the Water of 
 Lugton, a stream which, by the help of art, is made to meander 
 in the most delightful manner through the domain. Part of it 
 is a very ancient edifice, and the modern additions have been 
 built to harmonize — the whole wearing a fine castellated aspect. 
 The entrance hall is hung round with armour of all descriptions ; 
 the arblast, the cross bow, the long bow, and the two-handed 
 sword, being disposed in agreeable contrast with the musket, 
 fowling-piece, and sabre of modern times. Interspersed among 
 these, are several curious weapons of barbarous nations ; and 
 over the fire-place is hung a sword, richly inlaid with gold, the 
 gift of the West Lowland Fencibles to their Colonel, the late 
 Earl of Eglinton, together with the insignia of the ancient Scot- 
 tish Order of the Thistle. Amongst the other furniture of the 
 hall is an object of great interest— a chair manufactured after 
 the fashion of the antique, richly carved, made of the old oak 
 which formed the roof of " Alio way's auld haunted kirk." The 
 back of the chair is inlaid with brass, on which is engraved the 
 whole of Burns's celebrated poem of Tain o' Shanter, which has 
 immortalized the now crumbling ruin which forms its subject. At 
 
6 
 
 THE EGLINTON TOURNAMENT. 
 
 the bottom is an inscription, which bears that the chair was made 
 of the materials already referred to, and presented to the Earl of 
 Eglinton by Mr David Auld, Doonbrae Cottage, Ayr. We un- 
 derstand that no more than two of these chairs were ever made. 
 The other, which is exactly similar to the one alluded to, was pre- 
 sented by Mr Auld to his late Majesty, George IV., and now 
 forms one of the curiosities of Windsor Castle. 
 
 From the entrance hall, a door opens into the armoury, which on 
 this occasion presented a strange scene — corselets, shields, gorgets, 
 greaves, breast-pieces, helmets, and coats-of-mail, with saddles and 
 trappings for horses lying strewed about in every direction. 
 
 No apartment within the premises being capable of banqueting 
 so many guests, a large pavilion, about 375 feet in length and 
 45 in breadth, was erected in the rear of the Castle, having com- 
 munication with the drawing room by a stair erected for the pur- 
 pose. This magnificent hall was divided into three compartments : 
 one for the banquet, another for the ball, and the third, or centre 
 (and by far the smallest) division, was used as a conservatory, 
 which was beautifully festooned with laurel and choice exotics. 
 Each side of the grand staircase leading into this saloon was de- 
 corated with French tapestry and splendidly-wrought needle-work, 
 representing various designs and sketches. Over the archways of 
 the hall and banquet room were the arms of Lord Eglinton. The 
 proscenium was adorned also with evergreens and variegated 
 lamps, surrounded by the union flag of England. The whole, 
 covered with canvass and lined with crimson and white calico, 
 presented an appearance at once spacious and elegant. 
 
 A double paling, enclosing on an average about thirty feet of 
 ground, led to the lists from the right of the Castle, by a wind- 
 ing path, along which the procession was to move. The ground 
 enclosed for the lists was admirably adapted for the purpose. It 
 is a beautiful piece of level lawn, stretching from east to west 
 about 600 yards in length by 250 in breadth, inclosing nearly four 
 acres, and bounded on the north by a gentle rising ground, on 
 which the spectators were admitted to view the jousting. On the 
 west is a most beautiful woodland view, extensive glades stretch- 
 ing far into the distance, shaded and mellowed by noble and 
 majestic trees. On the south side of the lists was the pavilion 
 erected for the guests of the Earl, calculated to hold about 1200 
 people ; in the centre of which was the seat appropriated for the 
 Queen of the Tournament — an honour destined for Lady Sey- 
 mour, daughter-in-law of the Duke of Somerset, and still more 
 distinguished as a grand-daughter of the celebrated Richard Brin- 
 sley Sheridan. On either hand of this pavilion were two other 
 erections, to hold 1000 each, which were uncovered from the wea- 
 ther, and otherwise less tastefully fitted up. The spectators from 
 these places were not expected to attend in costume ; but yet 
 the greater part were elegantly attired in ancient or fancy cos- 
 tumes, the evident desire of every person present being to in- 
 vest the spectacle with the utmost possible splendour. Beneath 
 the Grand Pavilion, places were provided for the tenantry of the 
 noble Earl. The barrier ran down the centre of the lists for 350 
 feet, and the jousters rode on each side of it ; the barrier thus 
 preventing the collision of the horses, whose riders aimed their 
 blows at each other from the opposite sides. This was strictly 
 according to the ancient and most approved mode of tilting by 
 courtesy, as it was called, as may be seen from the illuminated 
 MSS. of Froissart, and the other chroniclers of the palmy days 
 of chivalry. The same thing may be said of the round-headed 
 lances, which have also been sneered at as a modern expedient, 
 onlv worthy of these degenerate times ; the fact being, that it 
 was only in combats a V outrance that the pointed lances were re- 
 sorted to. Another custom, however, which probably formed the 
 chief attraction of the Tournament to needy knights, was on 
 this occasion departed from — that of adjudging the horse and 
 arms of a vanquished foe to his more successful antagonist ; and 
 we have heard of one gentleman who excused himself from enter- 
 ing the lists with the humorous remark, that he had no notion of 
 the work when there was no prospect of booty. 
 
 At the ends of the lists, the tents of the Knights were set up. 
 At the grand entrance was the encampment of Lord Eglinton, 
 
 the colour, in heraldic language, azure and or ; and on each side 
 of him were the tents of Lord Glenlyon, azure, gules, and vert ; 
 Mr Lechmere, gules and argent, horizontally ; Lord George Beres- 
 ford, sable and argent ; and Mr Jerningham, gules, or, and argent. 
 At the east end were the tents of Mr Lamb, (half-brother to 
 Lord Eglinton,) azure and or, lozenge upon argent ; Lord Cassilis, 
 Captain Gage, and Sir Francis Hopkins, argent ; Captain Fairlie, 
 gules and azure ; Earl Craven, gules and argent ; Viscount Al- 
 ford, azure and argent ; and the Marquis of Waterford, argent 
 and sable. The gay colours of these tents, flaunting in the sun, 
 produced a remarkably pleasing and picturesque effect. Tents 
 were also pitched in the lawn, in front of the Castle, for that por- 
 tion of the company whom the interior could not accommodate ; 
 and among those who thus imitated the conduct of their gallant 
 ancestors, and bivouacked on the tented field, were the Marquis 
 of Abercorn, Sir Francis B. Head, and several others. 
 
 The expense incurred by these preparations, as may well be 
 supposed, has been immense. Upwards of 100 workmen were 
 fully employed for the previous four weeks ; and a few days be- 
 fore, there must have been nearly double that number. The 
 timber used in the different erections alone has been estimated at 
 nearly dPlOOO; and the cost of the whole affair to his lordship 
 has been calculated at not less than ^20,000. 
 
 The following rules were issued, to be observed in the lists: — 
 
 1. No Knight can be permitted to ride without having on the whole of his tilting 
 pieces. 
 
 2. No Knight to ride more than six courses with the same opponent. 
 
 3. It is expressly enjoined by the Earl of Eglinton, and must be distinctly under- 
 stood by each Knight upon engaging to run a course, that he is to strike his opponent 
 on no other part than the shield, and that an aiteint made elsewhere (or the lance broken 
 across) will be adjudged foul, and advantages in former courses forfeited. 
 
 4. Lances of equal length, substance, and quality, as far as can be seen, will be de- 
 livered to each Knight, and none others will be allowed. 
 
 Particular attention is most earnestly requested to be paid to this injunction, for the 
 general good and credit of the Tournament. 
 
 N.B. — In default of the lanrcs being splintered in any course, the judge will decide 
 for the atteint made nearest to the centre of the shield. 
 
 ACTIONS WORTHY OF HONOUR. 
 
 1 . To break the most lances. 
 
 2. To break the lances in more places than one. 
 
 3. Not to put the lance in rest until near your opponent. 
 
 4. To meet point to point of the lances. 
 
 5. To strike on the emblazonment of the shield. 
 
 6. To perform all the determined courses. 
 
 ACTIONS OF DISHONOUR. 
 
 1. To break the lance across the opponent. 
 
 2. To strike or hurt the horse. 
 
 3. To strike the saddle. 
 
 4. To drop the lance or sword. 
 
 5. To lose the management of the horse at the encounter, 
 fi. To be unhorsed — the greatest dishonour. 
 
 7. All lances broken by striking below the girdle to be disallowed. 
 
 ACTIONS MOST WORTHY. 
 1. To break the lance in many pieces. 
 
 AT THE TOURNEY OR BARRIER. 
 1 . Two blows to be given in passing, and ten at the encounter. 
 
 AVith the exception of Sir Charles Lamb, the step-father, and 
 Lady Montgomerie, mother of the noble Earl, who had been for 
 some time at the Castle, few of the company arrived prior to 
 Monday. The Marquis of Waterford landed at Ardrossan on 
 Friday evening, as did also Prince Louis Napoleon, and one or 
 two other distinguished individuals. The following is a list, as 
 far as we have been able to collect, of the nobility and gentry at 
 the Castle or located in the neighbourhood : — ■ 
 
 Marquis and Marchioness of Londonderry. Lord John Bcrcsford. 
 Lord Seaham. 
 Lady Francis Vane. 
 Lord and Lady Seymour. 
 Hon. Cecil Forrester. 
 Mr Irvine. 
 
 Hon. Mr and Airs Grant Macdoual. 
 Earl and Countess of Charleville. 
 Lord Tullamore. 
 Mr Purvis. 
 
 .Marquis of Waterford, knight. 
 
 Captain J. O. Fairlie, knight. 
 Mr W. Little Cilmour, knight. 
 Earl of Cassilis, knight. 
 Mr Lechmere, knight. 
 Countess of Hopetoun. 
 Hon. Octavia Macdonald. 
 Lord Alford, knight. 
 Lord Craven, knight. 
 Lord Glenlyon. knight. 
 I. oid Saltoun. 
 
THE EGLINTON TOURNAMENT. 
 
 7 
 
 Sir F. Hopkins, knight. 
 
 Marquis of Alicrcorn. 
 
 Lord Suffolk and Lady Howard. 
 
 Prince and Princess Esterhazy. 
 
 Lord Archibald St Maur. 
 
 Lord Zetland. 
 
 Lord Powerscourt. 
 
 Earl of Leven. 
 
 Hon. J. Macdonald. 
 
 Prince Louis Napoleon and Aide-de-Camp. 
 Sir Charles Lamb. 
 Lady Montgouicrie. 
 Lord Ossulston. 
 Hon. H. Oust. 
 
 Earl and Countess of Dunmore. 
 
 Hon. E. Jeniingham, knight. 
 
 Hon. Mrs .Tcreingham. 
 
 Mr Lamb, knight. 
 
 Duke and Duchess of Montrose. 
 
 Viscount Chelsea. 
 
 Major M'Dowall. 
 
 Sir Francis Head. 
 
 Sir George Head. 
 
 Lady Glenlyon. 
 
 Hon. Misses Murray. 
 
 Sir Hugh Campbell. 
 
 Sir M. Wallace. 
 
 Sir William Don. 
 
 Captain Pettat. 
 
 Mrs and Miss Upton. 
 
 Mr, Mrs, and Miss Margesson. 
 
 Countess Dowager of Listowcl. 
 
 Miss Bushe. 
 
 Mr White. 
 
 Lady Rendlesham. 
 
 Hon. Misses Thelluson. 
 
 Lord and Lady Belhaven. 
 
 Mr and Miss Orby Wombwell. 
 
 Countess of Mex borough. 
 
 Lady Sarah Savile. 
 
 Lord and Lady Stuart de Rothsay. 
 
 Hon. Miss Stuart. 
 
 Mr and Lady Jane Hamilton. 
 
 Lieutenant Crawford. 
 
 Lieutenant Gordon. 
 
 Captain Stevenson. 
 
 Mr and Mrs Garden. 
 
 Lord Kelburne, M P. 
 
 Colonel Standen. 
 
 Mr Williamson. 
 
 Captain Cox. 
 
 Viscount Maidstone. 
 
 Sir A. Campbell of Succoth. 
 
 Viscount Ingestre. 
 
 Ladv Caroline Maxse. 
 
 J. H. Vivian, Esq. M.P. 
 
 Marquis of Abercorn. 
 
 Marquis of Douglas. 
 
 Such were the preparations for this magnificent pageant : every 
 thing having been done to render it splendid and imposing, all 
 hearts were set upon the weather ; and many thousand wishes 
 were breathed that Wednesday and Thursday — the days of the 
 tilting — might be propitious to the scene. These wishes seemed 
 destined to be gratified : the preceding Tuesday was one of un- 
 clouded loveliness ; and, from the sunshine of that day, bright 
 hopes were entertained for the morrow. 
 
 WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 28, 1839. 
 
 The expectations of assembled thousands were on this day 
 doomed to sad disappointment. The weather, on which so much 
 depended, and which was so smiling yesterday, was to-day the 
 most unpropitious imaginable ; the rain, especially in the after- 
 noon, falling in torrents, most painfully marred the effect of what 
 would otherwise have been a most magnificent spectacle, and 
 added one more to the already over-crowded catalogue of exam- 
 ples illustrating the uncertainty of human affairs, and the vanity 
 of human wishes. 
 
 Had the day been lowering from the first, matters would not 
 have been quite so bad ; for thousands would probably have been 
 warned by the state of the sky to avoid gratifying their curiosity 
 at the expense of their health, by staying at home. But about 
 eight o'clock in the morning the sun shone forth in great splen- 
 dour, and it was universally expected that the gorgeousness of 
 the approaching spectacle would receive all the aid which a clear 
 sky and a bright sun could lend to enhance its lustre. About 
 ten o'clock, the sky began to be overcast ; still it was hoped this 
 would only be temporary, and the general crowding to the lists 
 from all parts of the country went on briskly. 
 
 Arriving at Irvine about nine o'clock, we found the streets 
 crowded with people, pouring in from all quarters, while the array 
 of vehicles of every description was such as had never before 
 been witnessed in the burgh. From thence to Eglinton Castle, 
 the road was literally one stream of pedestrians, in every variety 
 of dress — though chiefly of a national character, plaids and bon- 
 nets bearing the greater proportion, while not a few were to be 
 seen in full Highland costume. Carriages innumerable were hur- 
 rying on to the scene of action, filled with ladies and gentlemen 
 in fancy dresses — while cars, stage-coaches, and every other de- 
 scription of vehicle that could be pressed into service, were con- 
 veying their quotas of visitors. The road in the opposite direc- 
 
 tion, from A rdrossan and Kilwinning, presented a similar appear- 
 ance ; while the Firth was studded with majestic steamers, 
 crowded with the citizens of Glasgow, Paisley, and the adjoining 
 districts. So great was the throng from the metropolis of the 
 west, that we understand the road for nearly twenty miles formed 
 almost one continued line of coaches and carriages. In the field 
 behind Eglinton Castle, several innkeepers had erected stands 
 with refreshments for pedestrians, some of whom had travelled 
 great distances, and not a few availed themselves of the comforts 
 thus afforded. If the roads at a distance were crowded, the ave- 
 nues leading to the Castle were still more so. On entering the 
 Deer Park, the scene was altogether delightful. The majestic- 
 Castle — the green undulating lawn and the umbrageous foliage of 
 oaks and elm trees — the sound of music — the carriages and crowds 
 hurrying on to the lists, — while here and there knights, partially 
 clothed in armour, and their esquires, might be seen curvetting 
 with their steeds in front and around the noble mansion, — gave 
 an air and character to the scene which the reader of Kenil- 
 worth may have conceived, but never could have hoped to see 
 realized. 
 
 The sun, however, did not again appear ; the clouds darkened 
 down with increasing gloom ; and it became apparent that the 
 day would not pass over without rain. Put with that san- 
 guine hope which blinds man to the future, as well as from an 
 unwillingness on the part of many to miss the sight after they 
 had come so far to see it, the ground rapidly filled ; and those 
 who had tickets to the stands began to occupy them long before 
 twelve o'clock, which was the hour appointed for the procession 
 leaving the Castle. 
 
 The band of the 78th Highlanders, which had come from 
 Edinburgh for the occasion, was stationed near the Grand Pavil- 
 ion, and contributed to while away the time by their exquisite per- 
 formance of the most admired national and foreign airs. 
 
 Between eleven and twelve o'clock, when the two open stands 
 and the greater part of the principal one were filled, the scene 
 was most animated and imposing. In the stands were assembled 
 the greater part of the rank, fashion, and beauty of Scotland, ar- 
 rayed in the gayest and most brilliant attire, intermixed with the 
 most becoming costumes that could be selected from foreign na- 
 tions and former generations. There was the scarlet coat and the 
 waving plumage of military officers, the slashed and fancifully 
 trimmed doublet of the Spaniard and Italian, and all the gay and 
 striking colours with which our forefathers— in that respect so 
 unlike their descendants — loved to adorn their persons. On the 
 opposite side of the lists, where space was reserved for the ordin- 
 ary spectators, the scene, though less imposing, was not less 
 pleasing. Scotch plaids and bonnets were almost universal, the 
 former being often disposed with singular taste and ingenuity ; 
 and the dense mass arrayed in this garb, groups of them were to 
 be seen at intervals flitting among the trees which fringed the 
 arena, like the massy frame of a magnificent and animated picture, 
 presented a glowing appearance, on which the eye loved to dwell. 
 
 As a whole, the pavilion of the Queen of Love and Beauty, 
 even prior to the arrival of the procession, presented a galaxy of 
 beauty and brilliancy not to be surpassed in the fables of eastern 
 romance. The fancy costumes were chiefly of the reigns of 
 Henry VIII. and Elizabeth. One gentleman we observed in tin- 
 court dress of James the First. Not a few were attired in Spanish, 
 Prussian, and old French costumes. Some of the national cos- 
 tumes were most costly and superb. Several of the dresses with 
 their ornaments could not have cost less than -fSOOO ; and even 
 the kilt and ornate trappings of several gentlemen, upwards of 
 fifty pounds. Among the last arrivals to the side stands, was 
 the party of Messrs James and William Campbell, consisting of 
 eighty ladies and gentlemen, principally from Glasgow, and all 
 beautifully attired, who entered the ground in imposing style, 
 while the pibroch proclaimed that the " Campbells were coming." 
 Another party of sixty, from Glasgow, by the Vulcan steamer, 
 consisted of Mr Dalgleish, merchant, and his friends. The 
 members of the Royal Northern Yacht (Hub appeared in their 
 uniform, and were on the side stands. The ladies appeared to 
 
8 THE EGLINTON 
 
 have preferred the style of the Elizabethean age. Lady Seymour's 
 dress for the occasion was composed of a jacket of ermine, the 
 skirt of violet velvet, with the front of skyblue velvet, on which 
 was her ladyship's arms (those of the Duke of Somerset), richly 
 embroidered in silver, and a coronet, or crown, ornamented with 
 costly jewels. The Marchioness of Londonderry's dress was 
 composed of similar materials, made under her own direction. 
 Mrs Hunter Blair, appeared in a rich dress of the fifteenth 
 century, after the model of Margaret of Anjou. Mr Boss, from 
 London, was dressed in the costume of Fitz James. John 
 Yuge Burges, Esq.-, appeared in the Scotch costume of the 
 fourteenth century, in a dress of silk plaid, with a puce velvet 
 cloak, trimmed with bullion gold; a cap to correspond with white 
 plumes ; white silk hose, with buskins and spurs. To particu- 
 larize the numerous and splendid dresses worn on the occasion, 
 however, would baffle the most indefatigable and critical spectator. 
 Indeed, the task would be a hopeless one ; suffice it to say, that 
 the imagination may indulge in a wide sweep without exceeding 
 the bounds of reality. We have already given the guests at the 
 Castle ; and we now publish a pretty correct list of the company 
 that appeared on the pavilion erected for the Queen of Beauty : — 
 
 Marquis of Abercorn. 
 
 Marquis and Marchioness of Ailsa. 
 
 Mr, Mrs, and Misses Annesley. 
 
 Lord Alford. 
 
 Colonel and Mrs Agnew. 
 
 Dr and Mrs Arthur. 
 
 Mr and Mrs Alexander of Ballochmyle. 
 
 Mr W. and B. Alexander. 
 
 Mr Aird of Crossflat. 
 
 Mr Allison. 
 
 Mr and Mrs Cunningham Allison of Logan. 
 Mr Auld. 
 
 Patrick V. Agnew, C.B. 
 
 Lord and Lady Ashley. 
 
 Mrs Alexander of Southbar. 
 
 Lord and Lady Belhaven. 
 
 Sir D. and Lady Anne Baird. 
 
 Major and Miss Baird. 
 
 Lady Blantyre and Miss Stuart. 
 
 Sir D. and Lady Hunter Blair. 
 
 Mr J. D. Boswell of Garallan, and the 
 
 Misses Boswell. 
 Colonel and Mrs Hunter Blair of Dunskey. 
 Miss Burke. 
 Sheriff Bell. 
 
 Lord Justice-Clerk and Mrs and Misses 
 
 Boyle of Shewalton. 
 Mr and Mrs P. Boyle. 
 Mr W. F. Blair, younger of Blair. 
 Mr Ballantine of Castlehill. 
 Mr Patrick Blair. 
 Mr and Mrs Blane. 
 Mr Balfour. 
 Mr and Mrs Bedford. 
 Mr and the Misses Burnett of Gadgirth. 
 Lord Burghersh. 
 Mr and Mrs Blanc of Seafield. 
 Mr Brandling. 
 Mr and Mrs Blackburn. 
 Captain Back. 
 John Yuge Burges, Esq. 
 Sir J. Boswell, Bart, of Auchinleck. 
 Marquis of Breadalbane. 
 Captain Brooks and Lady. 
 Mr Boglo of Rosemount. 
 Mr Buchanan, younger of Catrinebauk. 
 Dr J. Gr. M. Burt. 
 Mr A. Blackwood. 
 Mr and Miss Butt. 
 Mr A. Brown of Parkcnd. 
 Miss Boswell. 
 Rev. John Bryce. 
 Mr and Mis Bartlemore. 
 Mr and Miss Buchanan of Cunninghame- 
 
 hcad. 
 
 Ilr Brown of Clerkhill. 
 
 Mr Bercsford. 
 
 Mr BurwelL 
 
 Mrs and Miss Baird. 
 
 Mr and Miss Crawford of Cartsbuni. 
 
 T. M. Crawford, younger of Cartsburn, 
 
 S3d Highlanders. 
 Sir John A. Cathcart of Carleton, Bart. 
 Hon. Colonel and Mis M. Cathcart. 
 Sir A. Cunningham of Corsebill. 
 
 Mr and Mrs Colville. 
 
 Colonel Clark and Misses Roger. 
 
 Sir E. Colbrook. 
 
 Dr Carnie and Miss Turnbull. 
 
 Col. Carter, and Officers of the 1st Royals. 
 
 Mr Campbell of Sornbeg. 
 
 Mr and the Misses Smith Cunningham of 
 
 Caprington. 
 Misses Cunningham. 
 Mr and Misses Campbell. 
 Mr, Mrs, and Misses Campbell of Craigie. 
 Captain Campbell. 
 Mr R. Crawford. 
 
 Mr and Misses, and Mrs F. Cunninghame. 
 
 Miss Cunninghame. 
 
 Mr P. Charteris. 
 
 Mr Clark. 
 
 Mr and Mrs Carnie. 
 
 Mr J. Cunninghame. 
 
 Mr and Mrs Campbell. 
 
 Col. Crawfurd, Mrs and Missesof Newfield. 
 
 Rev. A. B. Campbell. 
 
 Lord Craven. 
 
 Earl of Cassilis. 
 
 Mr Cavendish. 
 
 Lord Chelsea. 
 
 Honourable J. Craven. 
 
 Mr, Mrs, and Miss Cathcart. 
 
 Mr and Miss Cowan. 
 
 Lord Cranstoun. 
 
 Mr W. Chambers, Edinburgh. 
 
 Mr Craecroft. 
 
 Hon. F. Crowen. 
 
 Mr, Mrs, and Misses Craufurd of Crau- 
 
 furdlaud. 
 Mr D. Campbell. 
 Mr and Misses Cochrane. 
 Mr and Misses Cowan. 
 Mr, Mrs, and Miss Carpcndalc. 
 Hon. Frederick Cavendish. 
 Mr and Mrs Garden Campbell, Fifeshirc. 
 Mr Corbould. 
 
 Dowager Countess of Camwath. 
 Mr Cunningham of Tliorntoun. 
 Mr Crawford of Doonside. 
 Mr and Mrs Campbell of Fairfield. 
 Mr and Mrs Campbell of Treesbanks. 
 Mr and Miss Craick of Arhigland. 
 Sir J. Carlston and Lady Gordon. 
 Lord Drumlanrig. 
 Marquis of Douglas. 
 
 Colonel Douglas, and Officers of the 7f!th 
 
 regiment. 
 Mr and Lady Sophia Des Vaux. 
 Sir \V. Dodd. 
 
 Karl and Countess of Dunmore. 
 
 Sir D. Dundas. 
 
 Lndy J. Douglas. 
 
 Mr Dalrymple. 
 
 Mr and Mrs Davidson. 
 
 Or Donaldson. 
 
 Captain and Mrs Dunn. 
 
 Rev. Mr Davies. 
 
 Mr Dilachcrvies. 
 
 Mr and Mrs Dunlop. 
 
 TOURNAMENT. 
 
 Captain and Mrs Dcnham. 
 
 Mr Dalgleish. 
 
 Rev. Mr Dow. 
 
 Captain Dcnham, R.N. 
 
 Mrs and Charles Denham, Esq. 
 
 Mr Dowall. 
 
 Sir William Don, Bart. 
 
 Sir Robert and Miss Dallas. " 
 
 Mr P. Darling. 
 
 Provost Dunlop of Glasgow. 
 
 Sir W. Elliot. 
 
 Captain Elliot. 
 
 Provost Finnie, Kilmarnock. 
 
 Miss Fairlie of Bellfield. 
 
 Colonel and Captain George Fullarton of 
 
 Fullarton. 
 Misses Fullarton. 
 Mr Forbes of Callendar. 
 Lord and Honourable Cecil Forrester. 
 Lord Fitzharris. 
 Mrs Fairlie of Williamfield. 
 Mr and Mrs Fairlie of Holmes. 
 Sir Charles and Lady Fergusson. 
 Mr, Mrs, and Miss Fergusson. 
 Misses Farquhar. 
 Mrs and Miss Fullerton. 
 Col. and Mrs Farquharson. 
 Mr and Miss Fortesque. 
 Messrs Fortesque. 
 Mr Fergusson of Whitehill. 
 Sir Charles Fergusson and Lady. 
 Earl of Fife. 
 
 Sir John and Lady Cunningham Fairlie. 
 Lady Glenlyon and Misses Murray. 
 Sir John and Lady Gordon. 
 Sir J. and Lady Graham. 
 Mr Graham of Netherby. 
 Sir R. Gordon. 
 
 Lady Greenock and Hon. Miss Cathcart. 
 Captain and Mrs Graham. 
 Mr Gilpin. 
 Provost Gray. 
 
 Mr, Mrs, and Misses Glasgow. 
 
 Mr J. Gascoigne. 
 
 Mr Gascoigne. 
 
 Mr Gage. 
 
 Mr Gilmour. 
 
 Mr Gardner. 
 
 Mr and Mr A. Gisborne. 
 
 Mr Grieve. 
 
 Dr Grant. 
 
 Provost Gillies. 
 
 Mr J. T. Gordon of Newton Lodge. 
 
 Mr Gray of Glcntig. 
 
 Mr Gray, younger of Glentig. 
 
 Mr Gibson of Park. 
 
 Mr Hodgson. 
 
 Mr D. O. Hill. 
 
 Colonel and Mrs Hamilton. 
 
 Sir J. Himlockie. 
 
 Sir Adam Hay. 
 
 Mr J. Hunter. 
 
 Mr R. Hunter. 
 
 Misses Hamilton. 
 
 Mr and Mrs Hunter of Hunterston. 
 Mr and Mrs Hope. 
 Mr C. Holvett. 
 
 Mrs General Hughes and Miss Hamilton. 
 Mr, Mrs, and Miss Hamilton. 
 Sir F. Hopkins. 
 Sir F. Head. 
 Sir G. Head. 
 
 Lady Hopetoun and Miss M'Donald. 
 Miss Houston. 
 Messrs Hay. 
 
 Mr and Mrs M. Hamilton. 
 
 Dr and A. Hamilton. 
 
 Mrs and Misses Hamilton. 
 
 Captain and Mrs Hay, Coilsfield. 
 
 James Hamilton, Esq. 
 
 A. Hamilton, Esq. of Carcluie, and Lady 
 
 Jane Hamilton. 
 Mrs and the Misses Hamilton of Pinmore. 
 Mr Hamilton of Sundnim, and the Misses 
 
 Hamilton. 
 
 Mr, Mrs, and Miss Hunter of Doonholm. 
 Mr Houston, M.P. 
 Colonel Hughes Hamilton. 
 Mr A. Hunter. 
 
 Mr and Mrs Hamilton of Braehead. 
 Mr Campbell Hunter, 30lh regiment. 
 Mr Hodgson, M.P. 
 Mr Heron of Dalmore. 
 Mr Irvine. 
 
 Hon. Mr and Mrs Jerningham. 
 Mr and Mrs Johnstone. 
 Sir Frederick Johnston. 
 Mrs and Miss Johnston. 
 Mr George Johnston. 
 Mr Johnstone, Irvine. 
 Mr and Mrs Jamicson. 
 Lord Kelhurne, M.P. 
 Lady Kelburne. 
 
 Colonel, Mrs, and Miss Kennedy. 
 Lieut.-Col. and Mrs Kearney, and Officers 
 
 of Queen's 2d Dragoons. 
 Captain Kennedy. 
 Rev. D. Kennedy. 
 Mr W. Kennedy. 
 Sir C. Kent. 
 Miss King. 
 Mr Kerr. 
 
 Captain and Mrs Kirk. 
 
 Lord and Lady Londonderry, and Lady 
 
 T. Vane. 
 Mr Lechmere. 
 
 Lord Leven (three brothers.) 
 Mr and Miss Lyle. 
 Colonel Kelso of Dankeith. 
 Mr Landseer. 
 Mr R. Limond. 
 
 Mr and Mrs Limond of Dalblair. 
 
 Sir Thomas Dick Lauder. 
 
 Major Laurenson. 
 
 Colonel and Lady Leslie. 
 
 Misses Logan. 
 
 Mr Lairdner. 
 
 Mr Luke. 
 
 Count Lubeski. 
 
 Professor Lizars. 
 
 Duke and Duchess of Montrose. 
 
 Hon. J. Macdonald. 
 
 Mr M'Lelland, banker, Ayr. 
 
 Mr Mure Macredie. 
 
 Mr John Mackinlay, Borrowstounness. 
 
 Mr Montgomerie of Belmont. 
 
 Mr Mackenzie. 
 
 Major and Mrs Montgomerie of Annick 
 Lodge. 
 
 Miss Montgomerie of Brigend, Skelmorlie. 
 
 Major, Mrs, and Misses Macpherson. 
 
 Captain J. O. M'Taggart. 
 
 Mr Mitchell, Frankville. 
 
 Mr and Miss M'Aulay. 
 
 Mr and Mrs Miller. 
 
 Captain Morris. 
 
 Colonel M'Neight. 
 
 Major and Mrs Martin. 
 
 Mr W. Montgomery. 
 
 Lady Mexborough and Lady J. Savile 
 
 Mexborough. 
 Mr and Mrs Moore. 
 Captain and Mrs Maxwell. 
 Mr and Mrs Montgomery. 
 Mr Mure of Caldwell. 
 Mr, Mrs, and Miss Margesson. 
 Mr and Mrs M'Dowell. 
 Mr M'Dowell. 
 Sir Thomas Munro. 
 Mrs and Misses Macleod of Macleod. 
 Mr and Miss Maitland. 
 Colonel and Mrs Macallister of Kennox. 
 Lord Maidstone. 
 Dr and Mrs M'Fadzean. 
 Mr Montgomery. 
 Mr C. Montgomery. 
 Mr Miller of Monkcastle. 
 Prince Louis Napoleon. 
 Mr Niven. 
 
 Colonel, Mrs, and Misses Smith Neill of 
 
 Swinridgemuir. 
 Mr and Mrs Norrie. 
 Mr T. Nisbet. 
 Sir J. and Lady Ogilvie. 
 Mr Ovens. 
 Lord Ossulston. 
 
 Rev. Arthur and Mrs Arthur OnBlow. 
 
 Lord Powerscourt. 
 
 Mr Parker of Asloss. 
 
 Mr and Miss Pearce. 
 
 Mr, Mrs, and Miss Paterson. 
 
 Mr J. Proven of Lochridge. 
 
 Mr William Patrick of Rough wood. 
 
 Mrs John Sheddan Patrick of Hezellhead. 
 
 Captain Patrick, Loudon Castle. 
 
 Dr Pollock, Cunninghamhead. 
 
 Count Persigny. 
 
 Marquis and Marchioness of Queensberry. 
 
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THE EGLINTON TOURNAMENT. 
 
 Mr and Airs Ritchie of Cloncaird. 
 
 Mrs Ralston. 
 
 Mrs and Miss Ross. 
 
 Captain Ross. 
 
 Mr Robertson. 
 
 Air and Mrs Ranken of Drumley. 
 Rev. Dr Ritchie. 
 Captain Reid. 
 
 Mr and Mrs Ralston of Warrickhill. 
 Captain Robinson. 
 Mr L_ Ricardo. 
 Colonel Raith. 
 
 Hon. Roger, Mis6, and the Misses Rollo. 
 
 Captain and Miss Rishe. 
 
 Mr and Mrs Jane Reilly, and the Misses 
 
 Reilly. 
 Mr John Reilly. 
 Mr Temple Reilly. 
 Mr Ramsay of Barnton. 
 Lord Suffolk and Lady M. Howard. 
 Lord Archibald St Maur. 
 Lord Seaham. 
 Mr and Mrs Speirs. 
 Air, Mrs, and Aliss Stirling. 
 Air Stewart. 
 Mr and Mrs Steven. 
 Air and Airs Shaw. 
 Airs Smith. 
 Aliss Sym. 
 
 Air and Airs Stirling of Gargunnock. 
 Air and Mrs Savage. 
 
 Airs Sutherland. 
 
 Hon. Mr Strangeways. 
 
 Sir J. Stirling, R.N. and Lady. 
 
 Mr and Mrs Scott. 
 
 Air and Mrs Stanley. 
 
 Captain P. Shortrede. 
 
 Mr A. Shortrede. 
 
 T. R. Scott. 
 
 Mr Tennent. 
 
 Major Todd. 
 
 Captain Tait. 
 
 Captain Thomson. 
 
 Air Turnbey. 
 
 Mi's and Miss Upton. 
 
 Hon. P. Villiers. 
 
 Lord Francis Vane. 
 
 Dr W. Whiteside. 
 
 Dr and Airs Whiteside. 
 
 Lord Waterford. 
 
 Lady Wallace. 
 
 Mr Wilson. 
 
 Colonel Wood. 
 
 Mr Ward. 
 
 Mr Willis. 
 
 Professor Wilson. 
 
 Air Warner of Ardcer. 
 
 William Walker, Esq. 
 
 Mr Blair Warren. 
 
 Mr and Mrs Charles Wombwell. 
 
 Hon. Mr White. 
 
 Lord Zetland. 
 
 Such was the assemblage of fair women and brave men — them- 
 selves a spectacle of animating interest — that had come to shed 
 lustre by their presence on the deeds of modern chivalry. But 
 this splendour was extremely short-lived. Twelve o'clock was 
 the time fixed for the procession to leave the Castle ; and at 
 that hour accordingly all eyes were turned to the place from which 
 it was to proceed. The cavalcade did not make its appearance ; 
 but in its stead came the rain. At first it fell slow and small, as 
 if compounding between rain and sleet ; and, as the wind began 
 to arise about the same time, it was hoped that the clouds might 
 yet be carried off ; and comforting themselves with this expecta- 
 tion, the crowd began to make what defence they could against 
 the storm, and patiently to wait the commencement of the sports. 
 The splendour of the scene then began to disappear, as if by 
 magic. In the place where a few minutes before the whole glit- 
 tered with drapery of all the colours of the rainbow, there was 
 now presented nothing but one dull, unvarying scene of silk and 
 cotton umbrellas. Nor was this the worst of it. If it had, he 
 must have been an enthusiastic worshipper of the picturesque who 
 would have preferred the gratification of his own perceptions of 
 beauty to the comforts of those who afforded it. But in such a 
 place, exposed to such a continued drenching, comfort was impos- 
 sible. Many had come away without any protection against the 
 proverbial inconstancy of the atmosphere (more especially in this 
 county), trusting to the sunshine of the morning ; and they were 
 exposed not only to the rain from the heavens, which was in itself 
 misery enough, but also to the additional horrors which poured in 
 a continuous stream from the points of their neighbours 1 umbrellas. 
 It was melancholy, and yet it was ludicrous in the extreme, to see 
 the dresses of ladies and gentlemen, which would have looked so 
 becoming if they had received fair play, but which had evidently 
 never bargained with their owners for exposure to a shower of rain, 
 gradually abating the gorgcousness of their colours, till at last, 
 soaked with wet, they clung dripping to the persons of their wear- 
 ers, as if ashamed of the vain-glorious appearance which they had 
 assumed before. The mortification of the visitors themselves, the 
 really sensitive part of the spectacle, must have been beyond the 
 power of words to express. But even then the feeling of per- 
 sonal dissatisfaction was merged in a universal sympathy for the 
 disappointment which must have preyed on the mind of the Earl 
 of Eglinton, and of regret that his magnificent preparations should 
 have met with such unpropitious weather for their display. 
 
 After about an hour 1 s raining, it began to cease ; and though 
 the atmosphere did not brighten, sanguine hopes were entertained 
 that dry weather would be obtained for the sports. All this time 
 there had been no appearance of the procession ; at which, how- 
 ever, no great impatience was manifested, as it was supposed the 
 
 cavalcade were waiting to see whether the sky would clear up 
 sufficiently to allow them to make a display. When, therefore, the 
 rain ceased, general attention was again turned in the direction of 
 the Castle ; but with as little success as before. Whether the 
 company were waiting for some of those who were to take a pro- 
 minent part, or whether they had miscalculated the time in which 
 it would be possible to get ready, was not explained ; but certain 
 it is, that for more than an hour and a half, during all which time 
 the day was comparatively favourable, no procession made its 
 appearance, and the spectators were left to amuse themselves as 
 they best might. There were few incidents occurring to assist in 
 this work. The galleries, indeed, were again unveiled by the 
 closing of the umbrellas; but the lustre of that scene was on this 
 occasion considerably " shorn of its beams. 11 The company, how- 
 ever, waited on with the most invincible good nature, resolved to 
 make the most of what occurred. Interest was kept up by the 
 occasional reports of the procession being in motion, as often con- 
 tradicted by experience ; sometimes the passing of a visitor in 
 fancy costume afforded matter for transient speculation ; sometimes 
 the universal eye was turned to the galloping of horses on the lawn, 
 ridden by knights 1 retainers, whose gay costumes glanced brightly 
 as they pricked on under the foliage of " the merry green-wood 
 sometimes expectation was excited by an esquire galloping down 
 to the lists ; and at one time something like a sensation was pro- 
 duced by the breaking away from the crowd of a horse in a gig, 
 and its galloping furiously through the park. Fortunately the 
 progress of the animal was arrested before any one was hurt. In 
 this manner the time wore on, languidly enough, till half-past 
 two, when the rain again came on, and on this occasion with much 
 more force than before. It began to be generally supposed now 
 that the whole sports Avere to be postponed ; and either in this 
 expectation, or from inability to endure the inconvenience longer, 
 various parties were seen to move from the ground. Those in the 
 stands, however, still kept their places, again attempting to shelter 
 themselves, with the same or rather worse results than before. 
 For half an hour longer this state of things was endured, until, at 
 last, nearly three hours beyond the expected time, the procession 
 made its appearance. 
 
 The marshalling of the cavalcade, which would otherwise have 
 been an interesting sight, was of course greatly marred by the 
 untoward state of the weather. The procession was arranged by 
 Sir Charles Lamb, the Knight Marshal, and Lord Saltoun, Judge 
 of the Lists. 
 
 The following is the order in which the procession had been ar- 
 ranged to arrive upon the ground ; and though the unfavourable 
 weather had curtailed it of its fair proportions, yet, as the whole 
 cavalcade appeared in their proper order on Friday, we think it 
 better, once for all, to give the complete list : — 
 
 Men at Arms, 
 In demi suits of armour and costumes. 
 Musicians, 
 
 In rich costumes of silk — their horses trapped and caparisoned. 
 
 Trumpeters, 
 
 In full costumes — the trumpet and banners emblazoned with the arms of the Lord of 
 the Tournament. 
 
 Banner Bearers of the Lord of the Tournament. 
 Two Deputy Marshals, in costumes, on horses caparisoned. 
 Attendants on foot. 
 The Eijlinlon Herald, 
 In a tabard, rich] y embroidered. 
 Two Pursuivants, in emblazoned surcoats. 
 
 Ksquire. 
 Lord Chelsea. 
 
 Man at Arms. 
 Herald. 
 Halberdier. 
 Halberdier. 
 
 Judye of the Lists, 
 Lord Saltoun, 
 Esquire, 
 Sir Hugh H. P. Campbell. 
 
 Knight Marshal*! Retinue, 
 
 Halberdier. 
 Halberdier. 
 Banner Bearer, A1k Ei.i.a. 
 
 Esquire, 
 Alajor Al'Ilowal. 
 
 Man at Aime. 
 Trumpeter. 
 Halberdier, 
 Halberdier. 
 
10 
 
 THE EGLINTON TOURNAMENT. 
 
 Knight Marsha!, 
 Sir Charles Lamb, Bart., 
 Four led horses, plumed and caparisoned. 
 Ladies Visitors, 
 Lady Montgomerie, 
 Lady Sarah Savile, The Hon. Miss Octavia Macdonald, Misss Maigcsson, 
 
 On horses, caparisoned with blue and white silk, embroidered with gold and silver, 
 each led by a groom in costume of their colours. 
 Page, Page, 
 Sir William Don. Mr Frederick Fergusson. 
 
 The King of tlte Lists, 
 Marquis of Londonderry, 
 Halberdier. In his robes of velvet and ermine, and wearing his Halberdier, 
 coronet — his hurse richly caparisoned. 
 
 Esquire, 
 Colonel Wood. 
 
 Halberdiers, in liveries, as before. 
 
 THE IRVINE ARCHERS, 
 In costumes a-la Robin Hood, 
 Captain Graham. 
 
 Esquire, 
 H. Irvine, Esq. 
 
 THE QUEEN OF BEAUTY, 
 
 Gioom. 
 
 Groom. 
 
 (LADY SEYMOUR,) 
 In a rich costume, on a horse richly caparisoned. 
 
 LADIES ATTENDANTS ON THE QUEEN, 
 Countess of Charleville, Mrs G. Campbell, Miss Upton, & Miss M. Hamilton, 
 In rich costumes. 
 
 PAGES OF THE QUEEN, 
 The Hon. F. Charteris and Mr Graham, 
 In costumes of her colours. 
 
 THE BALLOCHMYLE ARCHERESSES, 
 
 Lady Georgiana Douglas. 
 
 The Hon. Miss Cathcart. 
 
 Miss D. Fergusson, Kilkerran. 
 
 Miss Houison Craufurd, Craufurdland. 
 
 Misses M'Leod, M'Leod. 
 
 Esquire, 
 F. Charteris, Esq. 
 
 Miss Farquhar Gray, Gilmilscroft. 
 Misses Hamilton, Bellisle. 
 Misses Hamilton, Sundrum. 
 Miss S. Cunningham, Caprington. 
 Miss Helen Houstoun. 
 
 Esquire. 
 
 THE JESTER, 
 
 (.MR M'lAN, LONDON,) 
 
 la * characteristic costume, bearing his sceptre, on a mule, caparisoned and trapped 
 
 with bells, &c. 
 
 Retainers, on foot, in liveries of the colours of the Lord of the Tournament. 
 
 THE AYRSHIRE ARCHERS, 
 In costumes of Lincoln green, black velvet Baldric, Rondelle, &c. 
 Claude Alexander, Esq. 
 
 A. Cunningham, Esq. 
 C. S. Buchanan, Esq. 
 Sir A. Hamilton, Bart. 
 Captain Montgomerie. 
 J. Burnett, Esq. 
 Hon. J. Strangeways. 
 George Rankin, Esq. 
 
 Lord Kelburne. 
 Sir Robert Dallas. 
 Captain Blair. 
 Stuart Hay, Esq. 
 J. Brownlow, Esq. 
 — Hamilton, Esq. 
 Captain Blane. 
 
 Retainers of the Lord of the Tournament. 
 Halberdiers of the Lord, in liveries of his colours. 
 The Gonfalon, 
 borne by a Man at Arms. 
 
 The Lord of the Tournament, 
 Earl of Eglinton, 
 In a suit of gilt armour, richly chased, on a barbed charger 
 — caparisons, &c. of blue and gold. 
 The Banner, borne by Lord A. Seymour. 
 Esquire, Esquire, Esquire, 
 
 G. Dundas. Hon. F. Cavendish. W. G. M'Doual, Esq. 
 
 Retainers of the Lord, as before. 
 Halberdiers of the Knight of the Griffin, in liveries of his colours. 
 Man at Arms, The Gonfalon, Man at Anns, 
 
 in half-armour. borne by a Man at Arms. 
 
 Man at Arms, 
 in half-armour. 
 
 Groom. 
 
 Man at Arms, 
 in half-armour. 
 
 Groom. 
 
 in half-armour. 
 
 T/ie Knight of the Griffin, 
 Earl of Craven, 
 
 (•room. In a suit of engraved Milanese armour, inlaid with gold, Groom, 
 
 on a barbed charger — caparisons, &c. of scarlet, white, and gold. 
 Ksquire, The Banner, borne by a Man at Arms, Esquire, 
 
 Hon. F. Craven. in half-armour. Hon. J. Macdonald. 
 
 Retainers. 
 
 Halberdiers of the Knight of the Dragon, in liveries of his colours. 
 
 Man at Arms, 
 in half-armour. 
 
 The Gonfalon, 
 borne by a Man at Arms. 
 
 Man at Anns, 
 
 in half-armour. 
 
 The KniglU of the Dragon, 
 Marquis of Waterford, 
 Groom. In a suit of polished steel fluted German armour, Groom, 
 
 on a barbed charger — caparisons, &c. of black and white. 
 Page, Page, 
 Lord John Beresford, Mark Whyte, Esq. 
 
 Esquire, The Banner, Esquire, 
 
 Sir Charles Kent. borne by a Man at Arms, L. Ricardo, Esq. 
 
 Retainers. 
 
 Man at Arms, 
 in half-armour. 
 
 Groom. 
 
 Esquires, 
 Hon. Mr Cust, 
 Mr Lumley. 
 
 Man at Arms, 
 in half-armour. 
 
 Halberdiers of the Knight of the Black Lion. 
 
 The Gonfalon, 
 borne by a Man at Arms. 
 
 The Knight of the Black Lion, 
 Viscount Alford, 
 suit of polished steel armour, on a charger — 
 caparisons of blue and white. 
 The Banner, 
 borne by the Hon. Cecil Forrester 
 
 In a 
 
 Man at Anns, 
 in half-aimour. 
 
 Groom. 
 
 Halberdiers of the Knight of the Gael. 
 
 The Gonfalon, 
 borne by a Man at Anns. 
 
 Esquires, 
 P. O. Gascoigne, Esq. 
 Viscount Maidstone. 
 
 Man at Arm*, 
 in half-armoui. 
 
 The Knight of the Gael, 
 Viscount Glenlyon, 
 Groom. In a suit of polished steel armour — caparisons, &c. of green, Groom, 
 blue, and crimson. 
 
 Esquire, The Banner, Esquire, 
 
 Sir David Dundas. borne by a Man at Arms. John Balfour, Esq. 
 
 Retainers, Seventy Highlanders in uniform, with bagpipes, &c. 
 
 Retainers of the Knight of the Dolphin. 
 Man at Arms, The Gonfalon, Man at Arms, 
 
 in half-armour. borne by a Man at Arms. in half-armour. 
 
 The Knight of the Dolphin, 
 The Earl of Cassilis, 
 In a suit of engraved steel armour, inlaid with gold, 
 on a barbed charger— caparisons, &c. of scarlet, black, and white. 
 
 Retainers of the Knight of the Ram, 
 The Gonfalon borne by a Man at Arms. 
 
 Tiie Knight of the Ram, 
 The Hon. Captain Gage, 
 In a suit of polished steel armour, on a barbed charger — 
 caparisons, &c. of blue, white, and crimson. 
 
 Esquire, The Banner, 
 
 R. Murray, Esq. borne by a Man at Arms. 
 
 Halberdiers of the Black Knight. 
 
 Groom. 
 Esquire. 
 
 Groom. 
 
 Groom. 
 Esquire. 
 
 Groom. 
 
 Esquire, 
 R. Ferguson, Esq. 
 
 Man at Amis, 
 in half-armour. 
 
 The Gonfalon, 
 borne by a Man at Arms, 
 
 Man at Arms, 
 in half-armour 
 
 Esquire, 
 James Blair. 
 
 Groom. 
 
 The Black Knight, 
 Esquire, Mr W. Little Gilmour, 
 
 Viscount Drumlanrig. Clothed in a suit of black armour, and 
 
 mounted on a superb black horse, richly caparisoned. 
 
 The Knight of the Swan, 
 Honourable Mr Jerningham, 
 (iroom. In a suit of polished steel armour, on a barbed charger- 
 
 caparisons, &c. of crimson and white. 
 Esquire, The Banner, Esquire, 
 
 Captain Stephenson. borne by Man at Anns. Garden Campbell, Esq. 
 
 Retainers of the Knight of the Golden Lion, in liveries of his colours. 
 Halberdiers, in emblazoned costumes, bearing their Halberds. 
 Man at Arms, The Gonfalon, Man at Arms, 
 
 in half-armour. borne by a Man at Arms. in half-armour. 
 
 T/te Knight of the Golden Lion, 
 Captain J. O. Fairlie, 
 Groom. In a suit of richly gilt and emblazoned armour— caparisons, Groom. 
 &c. of blue and crimson. 
 
 The Banner, borne by Cox, Esq. Page. 
 
 Esquire, Esquire, 
 
 Page. 
 Esquire, 
 
 H. Wilson, Esq. Captain Purves. 
 
 Halberdiers, as before. — Retainers, &c. 
 
 Captain Pettat. 
 
THE EG LI NTON TOURNAMENT. 
 
 11 
 
 Retainers of the Knight of the Wlrite Rose. 
 Body Guard of Bowmen, The Gonfalon, Body Guard of Bowmen, 
 
 in ancient costume. borne by a Man at Anns. in ancient costume. 
 
 The Knight of the White Rose. 
 Charles Lamb, Esq. 
 Groom. In a suit of polished steel armour, on a barbed charger — Groom, 
 
 caparisons, &c. of blue and gold lozenge. 
 Esquire, The Banner, Esquire, 
 
 J. Gordon, Esq. borne by Mr Crawfurd. Mr Campbell. 
 
 Retainers. 
 Captain of Archers, Mr P. Gordon. 
 T/te KniglU of the Burning Tower, 
 Sir F. Hopkins, 
 
 Groom. In a suit of polished steel armour, on a charger — caparisons, Groom. 
 &c. black and gold. 
 
 Esquire. The Banner, borne by a Man at Arms. Esquire. 
 Retainers of the Knight of the Red Rose. 
 The Gonfalon, borne by a Man at Arms. 
 Tlie Knight of the Red Rose, 
 R. J. Lechmere, Esq. 
 Groom. In a suit of fluted German armour, on a barbed charger — Groom, 
 caparisons, &c. scarlet and white. 
 Esquire, The Banner, Esquire, 
 Corry, Esq. borne by Corbet Smith, Esq. R. Horlock, Esq. 
 
 The Knights Visitors, 
 In ancient costumes. 
 
 Swordsmen, ill characteristic costumes, on foot, each bearing a two-handed sword on 
 his right shoulder. 
 
 Bowmen, with their hoods and bows. 
 
 The Seneschal of the Castle, in his costume of office, and bearing his wand. 
 
 Two Deputy Marshals, in costumes — on horseback, as before. 
 
 Attendants of the Deputy Marshals. 
 
 Chamberlains of the House/told, in costumes of office, each bearing his key. 
 
 Servitors of the Castle, on foot. 
 
 Men at Arms, as before. 
 
 The most important alteration in this procession was the ab- 
 sence of the ladies, who were to have borne a part in it, but were 
 obliged to come to the stand in close carriages. This was the 
 more to be regretted, as the richness of their costumes, joined to 
 the handsome figure of the elected Queen of Beauty and Love, 
 with her attendants, would no doubt have been the most attractive 
 feature in the whole of this gorgeous display. 
 
 It had also been arranged that, after the King and Queen had 
 ascended their thrones, a prolonged flourish of trumpets should 
 summon the knights and esquires to pay their devoirs to the 
 Queen of Beauty, and that the whole riding round, should receive 
 from their ladies the favours, gloves, scarfs, &c, to be worn on 
 their helmets during the Tourney. The herald was then to pro- 
 claim the laws and regulations which were to be observed, and to 
 require the full assent of each knight to them. But all this, un- 
 der the adverse circumstances, was necessarily dispensed with ; 
 and the preparations for the commencement of tilting were hur- 
 ried through as speedily as possible — the knights, esquires, pages, 
 and others, gallantly bearing up under the pelting of the rain, 
 which, at this time, fell in torrents. 
 
 Still it was an exciting scene. No man, with a spark of ro- 
 mance in his constitution, could fail to be moved with the splen- 
 did vision, so suddenly conjured up, of all that he had been ac- 
 customed to associate with high spirit, courteous demeanour, and 
 daring valour. The dreams of youth were presented in living 
 embodiment ; and as the knights moved down the lists, sheathed 
 in steel, (whose horses, richly caparisoned, pranced as if with con- 
 scious pride,) while esquires and retainers, in gay and imposing 
 liveries, attended on their motions, it seemed as if the world had 
 rolled back its course, or opened for an instant the dark veil which 
 enshrouds all past things, to give us a passing glimpse of days long 
 gone by. All the accessories of the pageant were in harmony with 
 this idea. Not only were there the knights with their attendants ; 
 but in and around the lists might be discerned the hood and frock 
 of the friar, and the staff and gown of the wandering palmer. The 
 jester moved quickly from point to point, jingling his bells, and 
 
 i launching forth his sarcasms. Even the very beggars on the road 
 side seemed to have caught the prevalent feeling ; for we do not 
 remember ever to have seen assembled so many of those wretched 
 
 < creatures, who live by exhibiting their sores, the " sham Abraham" 
 men so graphically described by Edgar in King Lear, as on the 
 various roads leading to the Tournament. It might indeed be 
 well said by the passengers — 
 
 " The country gives me proof and precedent 
 Of bedlam beggars, who, with roaring voices, 
 Strike in their numbed and mortified bare arms 
 Pins, wooden pricks, and sprigs of rosemary ; 
 And, with this horrible object, from low farms. 
 Poor pelting villages, sheep-cotes, and mills, 
 Sometimes with lunatic bans, sometimes with prayers, 
 Enforce their charity." 
 
 In order that our readers may have a more accurate idea of the 
 tilting that followed, we here introduce a ground-plan of the lists, 
 marking the sites of the pavilion, tents, reporters 1 gallery, &c. 
 
 a 
 
 c or 
 
 O 
 
 s> 03 
 
 *5 
 
 o if 
 
 V— V 
 
 V— V 
 
 ^ Sir P. Hopkins. 
 •js Lord Cassilis. 
 Captain Gage. 
 
 Blue, Hed, and 
 
 Green, 
 Lord Glenlyon. 
 
 Red and White, 
 it. J. Lechmere,Esq 
 
 Black Knight, 
 W. Little Gikooui 
 
 - - 
 
 f 2 
 B ' 
 
 Q C5 
 
 H 
 
 03 5> 
 
 B. 2, 
 
 «H B 
 
12 
 
 THE EG LINTON TOURNAMENT. 
 
 The preparations being completed, the tilting commenced by the 
 Hon. Mr Jemingham, Knight of the Swan, taking his position 
 at the end of the barrier, on the south side, and Captain J. O. 
 Pairlie, Knight of the Golden Lion, on the other side of the 
 barrier, at the opposite end. As they stood, waiting the sound- 
 ing of the onset by the herald, the greatest excitement prevailed ; 
 the rain, which soon after this went off for a little, was disregarded 
 in the interest that prevailed to witness this first shock of arms. 
 The trumpet sounded — the champions rushed gallantly to the 
 encounter ; but, instead of the shock of arms which was expected, 
 they passed without touching each other. A second time they 
 were placed in position, changing sides ; a second time the trum- 
 pet sounded ; a second time the knights spurred their horses and 
 placed their lances in rest, and with a second unfortunate result, 
 neither touching his antagonist. At this untoward commence- 
 ment, the smile began to mantle on the cheek of several, who 
 seemed to be calling to mind the sage remark of King James VI. 
 — " It's a grand thing defensive armour ; for it not only keeps 
 a man from hurting himself, but it keeps him from hurting other 
 people. ,1 The combatants were placed a third time at the barrier ; 
 but, on going down, Mr Jerningham's horse swerved, so that the 
 course was obliged to be gone over again. In meeting the fourth 
 time, the lances of the Knights crossed as they passed, but no 
 blow was struck ; and, of course, neither lance was shivered. The 
 victory was therefore gained by neither party. 
 
 The second tilt excited great interest, being between the Earl of 
 Eglinton and the Marquis of Waterford. The encounter between 
 these two knights was much more fortunate than the former, and 
 presented a lively picture of the mode of jousting described by 
 Froissart. In the first shock, both made a fair and honourable 
 stroke ; and each splintered his lance. In the second course, the 
 trumpet sounded before the Earl of Eglinton was ready ; and as 
 the Marquis advanced, his Lordship met him, but the encounter 
 not being upon equal terms, the combatants raised their lances as 
 they passed without attempting to strike. In the third course, 
 the Earl of Eglinton again splintered his lance against the armour 
 of his antagonist, and was declared the victor amidst the shouts 
 of the surrounding spectators. He was conducted to the presence 
 of the Queen of Beauty, where, like a true knight, he paid his 
 devoirs, and then returned to his tent, unbuckled his helmet, and 
 proceeded to take a station in the Pavilion. 
 
 The third tilt was between Sir Francis Hopkins, Knight of the 
 Burning Tower, and II. J. Lechmere, Esq., Knight of the Red 
 Rose. This was the most gallantly-contested tilt of the day. 
 In the first encounter Sir Francis Hopkins shivered his lance. 
 In the second both knights met in full career, and splintered their 
 lances ; but the stroke of Sir F. Hopkins was adjudged to be foul, 
 having hit his antagonist in front of the casque, and was there- 
 fore disallowed. In the third encounter Sir Francis again splin- 
 tered his lance, and was accordingly declared victor, and conducted 
 to the Queen of Beauty, where he paid his devoirs. An incident 
 which occurred in riding the first course excited universal admira- 
 tion. The horse Sir Francis rode, irritated by the shock, sprang 
 forward, plunged and reared with the greatest fury ; and the ge- 
 neral impression was that the rider would be thrown. But Sir 
 Francis sat like a tower, as if 
 
 " Incorpsed and demi-natured 
 
 Into the noble beast 
 
 and the furious plunges of the horse only served to display his 
 exquisite horsemanship, and the skill with which he reduced the 
 animal in complete subjection to his will. 
 
 The fourth course was between Lord Glenlyon, the Knight of 
 the Gael, and Lord Alford, the Knight of the Black Lion. The 
 announcement of this tilt excited general interest, the equipments 
 of Lord Glenlyon in the procession being, with perhaps the ex- 
 ception of Lord Eglinton, the most superb, his retainers amount- 
 ing to nearly 100 stalwart men, brought by his Lordship from the 
 Atholl estate, and equipped in complete Highland costume of 
 Atholl tartan, with sword, buckler, &c. The appearance of this 
 fine body of men excited universal admiration. In addition to 
 
 this, the national emblem, which his Lordship had assumed, 
 aroused the pride of every Scotchman present, and rendered it a 
 point of national interest that victory should float over his plumes. 
 The contest, however, was not a decisive one. In the first course 
 the knights passed without striking each other. In the second, 
 the lances failed to strike the armour, but crossing each other, 
 broke. In the third course, Lord Alford broke his lance. The 
 victor was not named. 
 
 A combat was then commenced below the stands between two 
 swordsmen named Mackay and Campbell, with two-handed swords. 
 Much address and skill as well as strength was shown on both 
 sides ; and their performances elicited loud applause from all 
 parts of the arena. 
 
 The last tilt for the day was between the Marquis of Waterford 
 and Lord Alford, both of whom had already tilted with other 
 antagonists. In the first course their lances crossed, but did not 
 strike. In the second and third the Marquis shivered his lance 
 against the armour of his antagonist, on one occasion causing the 
 broken portion to fly nearly 100 feet in the air. He was declared 
 victor with the same ceremonies as before. 
 
 It may seem strange that, with a barrier not a foot broad be- 
 tween them, the accident should have occurred, of the knights 
 altogether missing each other ; and at other times of their lances 
 crossing, that is, of missing the stroke, but becoming entangled 
 together as the knights ride past. But the explanation is easily 
 given. When the two antagonists are riding at each other in full 
 career, it requires great practical skill to know the exact moment 
 I when to propel the lance. If the blow is delayed till an opponent 
 be exactly opposite, another bound of his steed carries him seve- 
 ral yards beyond reach ; if in anxiety to avoid that, the blow is 
 made a second too soon, the lance falls short of its mark, and if 
 not drawn back immediately, which there is seldom time for, it is 
 sure to be entangled with the levelled weapon on the opposite 
 side. When it is considered that the exact moment must be 
 calculated and seized upon for a stroke, at the same time that 
 | the rider is required to manage the motions of a high-spirited 
 animal, bounding forward at a speed little short of the race horse, 
 | while his range of vision is narrowed by the bars of his visor, it 
 will be seen that great coolness of head and dexterity of hand 
 I require to be joined with considerable personal strength, exqui- 
 I site skill in horsemanship, and daring courage, to make an ac- 
 I complished knight. It is rare indeed that these qualifications 
 are found united in one person. 
 
 By the time the last tilt was finished, the rain had again begun 
 to fall, and the skies to gather fresh blackness ; and as it be- 
 I came evident that the night would be worse than the day had 
 been, the sports were reluctantly terminated for the evening. At 
 this time Lord Eglinton came forward in front of the Queen's 
 j Pavilion, and announced that, in consequence of the rain, there 
 | would be no Banquet or Ball that evening, and that he could 
 | only receive such of his friends as were residing at the Castle in 
 j his own dining room ; but that if the weather became favourable 
 \ the tilting would be resumed on the following day. The party then 
 | returned to the Castle in the same orderly array with which they 
 | had set forth. The crowd also began to disperse in all direc- 
 ! tions, each one wending his way, in miserable plight, to that 
 quarter where he had taken up his temporary abode ; some ac- 
 tually taking up their nightly abode by the side of a hay rick, 
 j Happy those who had secured lodgings in the neighbouring towns 
 of Irvine or Kilwinning ! To them less than an hour's walk, 
 j though over roads inch deep in mire, brought the exhilarating 
 j comforts of shelter, fire, and change of raiment, " more fitting to 
 j their fortunes 1 ' than the gaudy, and now draggled frippery which 
 j they had assumed for the nonce. But for those luckless wights 
 who had pitched their tents at Ayr, twelve miles, or at Ardros- 
 ! san, about six miles distant, how were they to be provided for ? 
 I Railways there were on both lines of road, with coaches drawn 
 by steam on the former, and by horse on the latter, bearing nearly 
 the same proportion to the velocity of each other that the huck- 
 ster's ass does to the race horse ; but then there was only one line 
 | of rails on each, and consequently those who were disappointed 
 
THE EGLINTON TOURNAMENT. 
 
 13 
 
 in obtaining seats by the first train must wait at the station till 
 its return. This was hard enough ; but still there remained a 
 chance to each of being among the favoured few who should ac- 
 quire the privilege of getting off first ; and, accordingly, a rush 
 was made along the roads by thousands of contending travellers, 
 each striving to outstrip his neighbour in arriving at the stations. 
 The roads, saturated by the continuous rains, had been trodden 
 into one vast mire ; there was consequently no mincing of steps ; 
 while each plunge into a slough, or spatter upon the dripping 
 garments, only added new energy to the struggle, or increased the 
 general recklessness. The station at Irvine was speedily block- 
 aded by hundreds ; the eagerness formerly spread over the whole 
 extent of road became more intense as it was cooped up within 
 the narrow space in front of the station-house ; the struggle for 
 precedence became alarming ; and many retired from the crowd, 
 preferring rather to wait for a later train than to endure the jost- 
 ling, the pushing, and the other inconveniences — it might be 
 dangers — that were to be endured before they could elbow their 
 way forward to a place in the railway coaches. Their waiting in 
 many instances proved a long one. It was not till after mid- 
 night that the last train left Irvine, bearing with it the remainder 
 of the Ayr visitors to the Eglinton Tournament. 
 
 On the Ardrossan line, matters were, if possible, worse than 
 on the Irvine road. The trains were of course incomparably 
 slower, and less able to carry the crowds that sought accommoda- 
 tion ; while, from the comparative proximity of the town, many 
 resolved to brave the fury of the tempest, and the mire of the 
 roads, by walking the distance, rather than wait for the tardy re- 
 turn of the coaches. Their journey was, as may be imagined, 
 dreary enough. The rain poured incessantly : every step seemed 
 to sink deeper in mud : the gay clothing of some, and the High- 
 land kilts of others, so becoming in the morning, only seemed 
 now to increase the mortification of the wearers. In all these 
 complicated distresses they met with no sympathy. The very 
 boys in the neighbouring villages, who had cheered them as they 
 passed in the morning, hooted them on their return ; while the 
 seniors of these urchins, with the dry humour peculiar to the 
 country, ingeniously changed the name of the pageant which had 
 brought them into their distresses, for one more appropriate to 
 their present condition, and hailed each straggling party with ex- 
 ulting taunts as to their opinion of the Torment ! The patience 
 of the wo begone wanderers was fairly exhausted : bitter maledic- 
 tions were vented on the day and the spectacle which had brought 
 them to such a bootless errand ; and the eagle's plume, which 
 adorned the bonnet of many an aspiring Celt, was torn from the 
 cap and trampled under foot. Such a state of things, however, 
 could not last — 
 
 " Come what come may, 
 Time and the hour run through the roughest day j" 
 
 and the inconveniences of the Tournament and the miseries of 
 the homeward walk were speedily forgotten around the blazing 
 hearths of Ardrossan. 
 
 In the mean time, the disappointment and mortification of the 
 party at the Castle was equally intense. Having already descri- 
 bed the temporary pavilion erected near and communicating with 
 the Castle, we have now to add that, from the backward state of 
 the preparations, the tilting days having arrived before the arrange- 
 ments were completed by the contractors, who were from London, 
 complaints deep and loud have been made against them for 
 having none of the erections water-tight. Had that department 
 been intrusted to the tradesmen of this country, we are fully con- 
 vinced that no such disappointment would have occurred. The 
 ball room, instead of being roofed in with boards, was only covered 
 with insufficiently-prepared oil-cloth. This, however, proved but a 
 miserable defence against " the pelting of the pitiless storm 
 and, on returning from the lists, the Earl of Eglinton discovered, 
 to his extreme mortification, that the pavilion was flooded with 
 water, which had spoiled all the preparations for the banquet and 
 ball intended to be given in those magnificent rooms. The disap- 
 
 pointment (for which, we have heard it said, the contractors 
 were entirely to blame) was obviated as far as possible by a ban- 
 quet held in the Castle ; but the ball was of necessity post- 
 poned. 
 
 THURSDAY, AUGUST 29, 18,3.9. 
 
 This morning was ushered in by boisterous weather, and doubt 
 and anxiety pervaded the minds of thousands. Bitter as the rain 
 was, numerous parties hied them to Eglinton as to a charmed spot. 
 Hundreds of visitors, too, who had been unable to attend on the 
 first day, came from a distance. At an early hour the rumour got 
 abroad that the work of the Tournament would be entirely given 
 up from the bitterness of the weather ; and this impression was 
 afterwards officially confirmed by an intimation to that effect from 
 Lord Eglinton. If the strangers could not see the tilting, they 
 resolved to see the tilting ground, and during the forenoon the 
 lists were covered by some thousands, who feasted their eyes, and 
 expressed the hope that a change of weather might yet allow the 
 Tourney to be enacted in proper style. About mid-day the 
 clouds dispersed, and the sun showed his welcome countenance ; 
 thousands who had till then kept under shelter were invited out, 
 and at two o'clock the grounds were nearly as much crowded as 
 before. 
 
 His Lordship then resolved that the two days' Tourney should 
 take place come what might ; and Friday at one o'clock was fixed 
 on for the completion of the Tournament. Active and energetic 
 measures were immediately taken to counteract the effect of the 
 previous announcement, and the news that Friday would witness 
 a Tournament flew with the rapidity of the Fiery Cross of other 
 days. Lord Eglinton himself, after dispatching messengers in 
 various directions, mounted horse, and galloped over the prin- 
 cipal parts of his grounds, announcing to every party whom he 
 encountered, whether amounting to two or twenty, that there 
 would be a Tournament to-morrow at one o'clock. The band of 
 the 78th regiment was brought to the lawn before the Castle, and 
 played many spirit-stirring airs, while all assumed the appearance 
 of gladness. 
 
 Soon after the sun broke forth, the " knights and ladyes fair," 
 tired of being mewed up within doors, issued forth to seek recre- 
 ation in various amusements, and thus afforded an opportunity, 
 if not of seeing them in all the pride of chivalric array, at least 
 of examining their features more minutely, and judging of their 
 bearing when in some measure relieved from the restraint of act- 
 ing a part. Lord Glenlyon's Highlanders were the first to be out. 
 A piece of ground that had dried rather quicker than the rest 
 was selected, and the handsome fellows who formed his Lord- 
 ship's retinue were turned out and drilled for several hours — first 
 by their Captain, and afterwards by Lord (ilenlyon himself. When 
 the sound of the bagpipes reached the Castle, Lady Seymour 
 mounted a fine charger, under the guidance of a gentle squire, and 
 proceeded to witness the evolutions of the Highlanders. She 
 seemed much pleased, and remained a considerable time, to the 
 
 I great gratification of all who wished to have a near inspection of 
 the fair features of her that had been dignified with the title of 
 Queen of Beauty. 
 
 While the Highlanders were exercising their limbs, a party o. 
 the knights, among whom were the Marquis of Waterford and 
 Lord Alford, enjoyed themselves and amused a number of spec- 
 tators by practising on the tilting ground. A grim-looking 
 wooden figure of the body of a man was raised to the proper 
 
 j height, and propped up more or less firmly as was required. The 
 knight then on horseback, and with spear in hand, started at the 
 
 I distance of a hundred yards, and, when at full gallop, struck ;it 
 
 i the figure, his object being to knock it over, which was done 
 
 n 
 
14 
 
 THE EGLINTON TOURNAMENT. 
 
 almost every time — tlie Marquis of Waterford, indeed, never 
 missed. The spears used on this occasion were much stronger 
 than those used at the Tourney ; and it seemed to us that the 
 gallant knights struck harder at " dummy" than at each other. 
 The poor wooden fellow, indeed, was nearly knocked to pieces 
 before the tilting was over. 
 
 Within the Castle the excitement was not less. The armour 
 had been removed to the banquet hall, where the rust which the 
 previous day had attached to it was removed, and all was placed 
 in readiness for another bout. In this room we had an oppor- 
 tunity of inspecting the gear in which the various knights had 
 appeared on the preceding day. From the weight of the detached 
 pieces, the entire suit must have been so heavy that it was won- 
 derful how the knights were able, not only to support them, but 
 to preserve their agility, and that cool though active exertion 
 which the practice of the lists requires. The armour is no holi- 
 day or tinsel fabrication, but has braced the persons of knights 
 when Tournaments were in fashion, and periodically practised by 
 the noble and princely. Some of it is as venerable as the clays 
 of Richard II., and none is of more modern date than the time 
 of Queen Elizabeth. All, in fact, that the moderns have done is 
 patching or repairing the rents which time may have left open ; 
 but, on the whole, the various plates and pieces composing the 
 suit were firm and substantial, and showed little marks of decay. 
 It took a long time to make the collection which was then gathered 
 together at Eglinton Castle, and, independently of what was col- 
 lected in England, extensive purchases were made on the Con- 
 tinent, at Liege, in Spain, Italy, and elsewhere. 
 
 Various members of the company in the Castle also repaired 
 to the ball room for a lounge or promenade, and it soon became 
 a centre of attraction to the beautiful forms that, for a space, 
 enlightened it by their presence. Some animating work went on 
 in this apartment ; and not the least exciting was a broadsword 
 combat between Prince Louis Napoleon and Mr Lamb, who 
 were both in armour, which excited much interest and gratifica- 
 tion, and in which the prince had obviously the worst of it. At 
 the same time, every exertion was made to banish moisture from 
 the room, in which it had been arranged that a glittering throng 
 would assemble the same evening, and make up for the inter- 
 mission of Wednesday ; but this was found impracticable, and 
 the grand ball was again postponed till Friday evening. 
 
 The guests of the noble Earl, to the number of one hundred 
 and fifty, sat down at eight o'clock to an elegant dinner, in the 
 upper drawing room, which was on this occasion converted into a 
 dining room. The tables were ornamented with a magnificent 
 display of family Plate, amongst which stood conspicuous the 
 Harkaway Plate, representing, in frosted silver, the Arab refusing 
 to sell his favourite steed. The entire service was of massive sil- 
 ver gilt, or silver materiel. The company was strictly confined to 
 the more intimate friends of the noble Earl. 
 
 The dinner was followed by a ball, at which there could 
 not, we are sure, be fewer than a thousand persons present. It 
 was one of the most splendid sights we have ever seen. In the 
 vast assemblage there were not above a dozen of plain dresses, 
 and many of the costumes, both male and female, were truly 
 magnificent. The principal dancing room, just previous to the 
 opening of the ball, presented one moving mass of shining silks, 
 waving feathers, and glittering jewels. Lord Eglinton and the 
 Marchioness of Londonderry were remarked for the peculiar 
 richness of their attire ; but it was impossible to particularize 
 others, for when you thought you had picked out the finest dress, 
 your attention was immediately attracted by one that you ima- 
 gined finer. The dancing, chiefly quadrilles, Avas kept up till 
 between four and five o'clock, although some of the parties, who 
 had come from a distance, recollecting what was to be done next 
 day. took their departure at a much earlier hour. 
 
 FRIDAY, AUGUST 30, 1839. 
 
 The weather was for once propitious, and a day of uninterrupted 
 sunshine permitted the spectacle at Eglinton Castle to be displayed 
 in its full-orbed splendour. The announcement having been long 
 made that the Tournament was to continue only for two days, 
 and that Friday was to be devoted to pastimes of a less animating 
 as well as less public nature, it was feared that there would be few 
 present to witness the continuance of the sports to-day, being an 
 after thought forced on their consideration by the storms of the 
 two previous days. Happily, however, this fear also was un- 
 founded, and the gathering of spectators exhibited no falling off 
 from that of Wednesday. The people, indeed, had learned wis- 
 dom from experience ; and instead of crowding to the lists by ten 
 or eleven o'clock in the forenoon, for which they paid so costly on 
 the former day, few, comparatively speaking, were on the ground 
 till between two and three o'clock, at which time the procession 
 made its appearance. The stands were also crowded as before ; 
 not indeed as on Wednesday with such a profusion of rich and 
 imposing costumes of former times, these being intermingled 
 with dresses in the extremity of modern fashion, as if to chal- 
 lenge the spectators to decide whether modern or ancient splen- 
 dour were the more worthy of admiration ; and really it was dif- 
 ficult to admit, looking at the brilliant assemblage of elegance and 
 beauty on Friday, glittering in the bright sunshine, that the latter 
 had altogether the advantage. Such, at least, was the feeling 
 while gazing exclusively on the sight which the stands presented. 
 But when the procession began to arrive, about three o'clock in 
 the afternoon, forming an imposing representation of dresses, man- 
 ners, and customs five centuries old, there was no longer room for 
 hesitation. It was impossible to look upon the steel armour of 
 the knights, the gay decorations of the esquires and pages, the 
 quaintly-devised liveries of the retainers and serving men, and 
 then to survey the assembled crowd, where gentleman and clown, 
 merchant and mechanic, were mixed up together in one monoton- 
 ous mass, uniform in colour and shape, without feeling that the 
 present age, in exchange for the many, varied, and unspeakable 
 advantages it has conferred, has taken away from us much that in 
 former times must have contributed to enhance the beauty and to 
 inspire the poetry of ordinary life. 
 
 The procession to-day was complete in all its parts. The ladies 
 took their places in it on horseback, and excited of course the 
 greatest interest of the whole. After riding round the arena, the 
 King of the lists and Queen of the Tournament took their places ; 
 and the arrangements, already described, were gone through — 
 each of the knights paying their devoirs to the Queen of Beauty. ' 
 
 The tilting then commenced, which, upon the whole, was of an 
 unsatisfactory nature ; the disappointments in the course being 
 more frequent than on Wednesday. In the first, Lord Glenlyon 
 encountered Lord Alford, to settle, we suppose, the undecided 
 contest of Wednesday. Lord Glenlyon was loudly cheered as he 
 appeared in his splendid armour. In the first course, Lord 
 Glenlyon fairly and gallantly broke his spear. In the second and 
 third, both passed without striking. Lord Glenlyon was declared 
 victor by the Judge, and as such was led to the Queen. 
 
 The next tilt was between the Earl of Craven and Captain - 
 Fairlie. The appearance of Earl Craven excited considerable in- 
 terest, from the circumstance that the armour in which he was 
 clad was that which was worn by his ancestor, then Baron Hilton, 
 at the field of Cressy, when the chivalry of England 
 
 " Turned to flight on that famed Picard field, 
 
 Bohemia's plume, and Genoa's how, and Cesar's eagle shield." 
 
 ! 
 
 I The first shock between these knights was the finest passage of 
 I arms in the whole Tournament. Both knights met in full career ; 
 s the lance of each was shivered ; that of his Lordship being 
 | broken almost at the gauntlet's grasp. This gallant action was 
 
THE KG LIN TON TOURNAMENT. 
 
 15 
 
 hailed with loud acclamations by the surrounding multitude. In 
 the second course both passed without striking. In the third, 
 the Earl of Craven again splintered his lance, and was declared 
 the victor. 
 
 In the third, Mr R. J. Lechmere entered the lists with the 
 Lord of the Tournament, the Earl of Eglinton. The two first 
 courses were both passed without a stroke ; in the third, his Lord- 
 ship struck a fair and knightly stroke, sending the end of his 
 splintered lance several feet in the air. He was accordingly de- 
 clared the victor. 
 
 The fourth tilt was between the Marquis of Waterford and 
 Mr Little Gilmour. The first and second courses failed ; the 
 third, both lances were broken, on which the Judge decided for 
 a fourth course ; but, in running it, they again missed. Neither 
 was declared the victor. 
 
 The fifth and sixth tilts ended in the same unsatisfactory man- 
 ner, when the Earl of Cassilis and Earl Craven encountered each 
 other for three courses, without either being able to inflict a 
 .stroke. Exactly the same result befell the Hon. Mr Jerningham 
 and the Hon. Captain Gage. 
 
 Mr Lechmere then entered the lists against Earl Craven. 
 Three tilts were run, without, however, the splintering of a lance, 
 and the victory was undecided. 
 
 The last course was between J. O. Fairlie, Esq. and Sir F. 
 Hopkins. In the first tilt they slightly touched ; in the second 
 the lance of Mr Fairlie was shivered. A third bout was tried, 
 which was a miss ; and finally the palm was adjudged to J. O. 
 Fairlie, Esq. 
 
 The sense of weariness which these " passages that led to no- 
 thing 11 were beginning to excite, was however happily relieved by 
 the old sport, called riding at the ring, which was proceeding at 
 intervals in another part of the lists. A rope hung between 
 two poles ; and to this was slightly attached a small ring, of dia- 
 meter not much more than sufficient to admit the passing of a 
 lance's head. The sport consisted in riding at this ring at full 
 speed, and bearing it off on the point of the lance. It was a 
 gallant sight to see the knights and squires, who also joined in 
 the exercise, riding down in quick succession, and levelling their 
 long lances as they neared their aim. Several gentlemen distin- 
 guished themselves by their success at this old and manly pastime, 
 and amongst the most conspicuous was the Earl of Eglinton. 
 
 The sports of the day concluded with what by many was con- 
 sidered their most animating and entertaining portion — a grand 
 equestrian melee with the broadsword by the Scotch and Irish 
 against the English knights. 
 
 The Scotch and Irish knights were — 
 
 THE LORD OP THE TOURNAMENT (the Earl of Eglinton), 
 
 THE KNIGHT OF THE DRAGON (the Marquis of Waterford), 
 
 THE BLACK KNIGHT (W. Little Gilmour, Esq.), and 
 
 THE KNIGHT OF THE GAEL (Lord Glenlyon), 
 
 AGAINST 
 
 THE KNIGHT OF THE BLACK LION (Viscount Alford), 
 THE KNIGHT OF THE RED ROSE (R. J. Lechmere, Esq.), 
 THE KNIGHT OF THE WHITE ROSE (Charles Lamb, Esq.), 
 THE KNIGHT OF THE SWAN (Hon. H. Jerningham.) 
 
 The knights set to work with great spirit, maintaining the con- 
 test so long and gallantly, as at first to excite the most intense 
 interest of the assembled multitude, and latterly their apprehen- 
 sion for the personal safety of the gallant maintainors of the honour 
 of their respective countries. There was something like earnest in 
 this ; and, indeed, it was nearly ending more seriously than was 
 intended. The Marquis of Waterford and Lord Alford, getting 
 a little hot, struck each other oftener than the rules permitted. 
 The Hon. Mr Jerningham, too, got a flesh wound in the wrist. 
 This, however, was the only casualty of the day. The contest 
 ceased at the blast of the herald's bugle, and the proceedings of 
 the day terminated, to the most unqualified gratification of all 
 
 present, by the re-marshalling of the procession, which returned 
 to the Castle in the order in which it had arrived. 
 
 The most extensive preparations were made at the Castle on 
 Friday to render the Banquet and Ball in the evening worthy 
 the occasion that called together so many of the " beauty and chi- 
 valry 11 of Britain and the Continent. The grand stair-case leading 
 from the Castle into the conservatory, and from thence to the 
 ball and banquet rooms, was lined on each side by the retainers 
 of Sir Charles and Mr Lamb — and around the interior of the 
 saloon were tastefully arranged the banners of different knights — 
 while, at the extremity, stood the band of the 2nd Dragoons, 
 arrayed in the costumes worn by them at the Tournament. The 
 company, about ten o'clock, adjourned to the banqueting room, 
 through the line formed by the retainers, the band of the Dra- 
 goons " discoursing sweet sounds 11 the while. The Lord of the 
 Tournament, escorting the Queen of Beauty, led the way, — 
 
 " He with the clear unshadow'd eye, 
 Glad as the free and sunny slcy ; 
 She with the dark full sprightly orbs, that oft 
 Shot passiouate lightnings through their radiance soft." 
 
 They were followed by the knights, each having a lady under his 
 charge, and took their seats at the high table at the upper end of 
 the room. When the whole party were arranged, a follower of 
 each knight in costume, bearing his master's gonfalon, took post 
 behind him. Much interest was added to the peculiar grandeur 
 of the scene by each knight sending his standard-bearer (when 
 he wished to take wine with any of the company) as bearer of the 
 challenge. The noble entertainer sat at the head of the table, 
 supported on the right by the Queen of Beauty, and on the left 
 by the Duchess of Montrose. There were upwards of four hun- 
 dred ladies and gentlemen present. The dinner was served up 
 on silver, and the dessert on gold plate, of the most massy and 
 costly description, realizing the saying of the old poet, — 
 
 " The gorgeous banquet was brought up 
 On silver and on gold." 
 
 Many gentlemen present averred that they never saw such a pro- 
 fusion of luxuries, embracing almost every rarity of the season ; 
 and, as a whole, the entertainment may be considered as the most 
 splendid ever given in Scotland. The dinner having been con- 
 cluded, and other preliminaries gone through, 
 
 Lord Eglinton, in a neat speech, highly eulogistic of the per- 
 sonal attractions of Lady Seymour, proposed " the health of the 
 Queen of Beauty. 
 
 The toast was received with the most enthusiastic applause. 
 
 The Marquis of Londonderry, as King of the Lists, returned 
 thanks for the lovely Queen. After several intermediate toasts, 
 the Earl of Eglinton proposed " the health of Lord Glenlyon. 11 
 His Lordship alluded to the great interest Lord Glenlyon had 
 taken in the Tournament, especially in bringing to Eglinton 
 Castle a detachment of his hardy Highlanders, who had contri- 
 buted so much to enhance the general attraction. 
 
 Lord Glenlyon returned thanks. 
 
 The health of Lord Eglinton having been drunk, and responded 
 to amidst the most rapturous plaudits, his Lordship, in acknow- 
 ledgment, took occasion to allude to the valuable and able assist- 
 ance given him by several noblemen and gentlemen, in the ar- 
 rangement and conduct of the Tournament. 
 
 The company then retired to the drawing room of the Castle, in 
 the same order in which they had assembled, until the ball room 
 was prepared for their reception, which being done, the dancing 
 commenced. At the upper end of the ball room was a throned 
 canopy, fringed with silver and gold drapery, surmounted with 
 plumed ornaments, and lined at the back with the gold cloth used 
 at the coronation of Queen Victoria. In the inside of this mag- 
 nificent canopy sat the Queen of the Tournament, with pages on 
 each side. The room was illuminated by no less than 300 wax 
 candles, supported by ormolu antique bronzes, around the walls ; 
 while from the roof hung ten or twelve gorgeous candelabra. 
 
16 THE EGLINTON 
 
 thickly studded with wax lights. A more animating and magnifi- 
 cent scene than the hall presented when the company, upwards 
 of 400, were assembled, can hardly be conceived. A quadrille 
 band, under the superintendence of Mr Willman of London and 
 Mr Thomson of Glasgow, filled the orchestra, in the centre of 
 one of the sides of the apartment. It is quite impossible to give 
 even an outline of the dresses worn at the ball, these being so nu- 
 merous and elegantly diversified. In the words of the ballad, — 
 
 " The gallant knights and ladies bright, 
 Did move to measures fine, 
 Like frolic fairies, jimp and light, 
 Who dance in pale moonshine." 
 
 The dancing continued, without intermission, till twelve o'clock, 
 when the company retired to the banqueting room to supper. 
 Again returning to the ball room, the mystic mazes of the dance 
 were threaded till the dawn of the morning ; and the ball broke 
 up about five o'clock. It must have warmed the hearts of the 
 sons of " auld Scotia" to witness the admirable manner in 
 which the reels and strathspeys of Caledonia were gone through ; 
 and the lively interest taken in them showed the high respect in 
 which the Scottish character and customs were held by the as- 
 sembled throng of various nations. 
 
 Saturday. — It was intended by Lord Eglinton that the Tilt- 
 ing should be resumed on Saturday, but the day was so very 
 bad that it could not be proceeded in, and several of the visitors 
 at Eglinton Castle set out on that day for their respective places 
 of residence. 
 
 This imposing pageant has now terminated, and the specula- 
 tions to which its announcement gave rise have been set at rest. 
 We are at leisure to contemplate the whole features of the glitter- 
 ing scene, and to consider how far it has exceeded or fallen short 
 of the popular expectation, previous to which, we may be allowed 
 to add, that the spirit of modern chivalry, however, has not yet dis- 
 appeared with the occasion which called it into existence. The 
 youth of the neighbourhood may be seen attempting (ludicrously 
 enough certainly) imitating the Knights of the Tournament. They 
 mount on each other's backs, and tilt with a piece of split lath, 
 which being flexible, yields to the stroke. Their school atlases are 
 used as breastplates ; and one of their number, a boy of colour, 
 enacts the character of the Black Knight. 
 
 Whatever opinion might be formed of the success of the 
 Tournament, as an imitation of ancient manners and customs, we 
 heard only one feeling of admiration expressed at the gorgeous- 
 ness of the whole scene, considered only as a pageant. Even on 
 AVednesday, when the procession was seen to the greatest possi- 
 ble disadvantage, the dullest eye glistened with delight as the 
 lengthened and stately train swept slow into the marshalled lists. 
 There is probably no situation where the human figure is set off 
 to greater advantage than on horseback ; a good rider on a high- 
 trained steed is associated with all our notions of gallantry and 
 courage ; and, on this occasion, both horses and men were worthy 
 of all admiration. The high mettle of the former, and the tall 
 commanding figures of most of the latter, could not fail to give 
 pleasure to every lover of the beautiful. On Friday, of course, 
 the scene was displayed with all the advantages which a clear sun- 
 shine could impart to it. The presence of the ladies also en- 
 hanced the interest, and rendered the entire pageant one in which 
 the most finical could detect no imperfection. The order of the 
 procession, and the costume of those composing it, were alike mo- 
 delled on the plan of the Tournaments in former times ; and, 
 when gazing on the animated scene, one could not avoid imbibing 
 a portion of the fervour with which these sports in their palmy 
 days were hailed by all classes of the people. A party of some I 
 
 TOURNAMENT. 
 
 twenty or thirty ladies, inmates at the Castle, who joined the pro- 
 cession on Friday, attired as archeresses, in velvet tunics of Ken- 
 dal green, with head-dresses of the same pleasing colour, as well 
 as their own personal attractions, added much to the splendour 
 and animation of the moving picture that presented itself to the 
 eye full of life and interest. 
 
 But its merits as a spectacle constituted its chief praise. When 
 the parties in the procession had taken their places, and the real 
 business of the whole began, it was found that the pageant pos- 
 sessed the qualities which some author or other ascribes to theo- 
 retic constitutions : it was beautiful to look at, but it would not 
 work. The machine seemed faultless to the eye ; it was symme- 
 trical and well proportioned in all its parts ; but, when set in mo- 
 tion, its deficiences were detected. In plain words, the tilting was 
 allowed on all sides not to be so interesting as was anticipated. 
 This might partly arise from the frequent indecisive courses that 
 were run, where the parties passed each other without a stroke ; 
 and that again must be ascribed to the want of sufficient previous 
 training. But we suspect that the cause of disappointment lay 
 deeper, and that it must attach to all attempts to revive the 
 ancient practice of tilting. It arose from the fact, that there 
 was all the appearance of danger, while there was none in 
 reality. It may be, and we dare say it is, a bad feeling which 
 prompts people to delight in dangerous encounters ; but no one 
 can deny that such a feeling exists — that it gives rise to a high 
 degree of excitement — and that, in proportion as the semblance 
 of danger exists, without the reality, is the probability that the 
 excitement will degenerate into listlessness. It was so here. The 
 wounding of knights — the recoil of horses from the encounter — 
 the unhorsing of their riders — were images which the fancy of 
 every person conjured up, as inseparably connected with a " pas- 
 sage at arms." But when nothing of this happened, when the 
 lances split almost at a touch, the knights sitting immoveable, 
 and their steeds passing on in their career as if they had encoun- 
 tered no obstacle, the interest of the spectators sensibly dimin- 
 ished ; each successive clang of the trumpet, announcing a fresh 
 onset, found rather a diminished excitement among the specta- 
 tors, and the monotony of the whole — for one course was exactly 
 similar in all its essential features to another — tended partly to 
 increase the general apathy. 
 
 Upon the whole, it is not likely that the precedent which 
 has been set by the noble owner of Eglinton will be extensively 
 followed. From the enormous expense attending the prepara- 
 tions, they must of necessity exclude all men of moderate fortune 
 from attempting to follow it ; and the great decrease in the num- 
 ber of knights who were present, compared with those who origi- 
 nally were expected to take part — from thirty to ten — appear to 
 indicate that those who are inclined to join in the sports are not 
 much more numerous. 
 
 One thing in connexion with the festivities at Eglinton Castle 
 worthy of remark, was the orderly manner in which the vast mul- 
 titude of people, of all classes and politics, conducted themselves ; 
 and we are proud to say that the confidence reposed in them 
 by the noble Lord of the Manor has not been abused. The 
 gates of the policies were thrown open to all ; and, notwithstand- 
 ing the innumerable concourse, no damage was sustained, and 
 assuredly no wanton destruction committed. We are proud of 
 this, as manifesting a sense of propriety in the people, which we 
 trust will never be found wanting as the genuine characteristic of 
 our population. It would be well were the lower classes admitted 
 more frequently to participate in, or, at all events, to witness, the 
 entertainments of the higher. The Earl of Eglinton has shown a 
 noble example, and we have no doubt he will reap his reward in 
 the increased affections of a gratified and grateful public. What- 
 ever alarm may have arisen from the assembling of such a multi- 
 tude, the event has shown that none need have been entertained. 
 Not an intoxicated person was to be seen ; and we are not aware 
 that a single instance of misconduct occurred. The only force 
 present for the protection of the peace was a body of special con- 
 stables from Irvine, a few of the Glasgow police, and two Bow 
 Street officers. 
 
1 Q?MW j S K 5 » AFJ ^ 3 SI f 9 1 mi), 
 
 IE N 1 1 1 LUNG Al T HE RING. 
 
 r ?»fai«*!y Tc l<'J'e-. & Hf>rKo>al Highness TiiH>ue):ef.s of Kuril 
 
THE EGLINTON TOURNAMENT. 
 
 17 
 
 The highest testimony to the good spirit displayed by the j 
 people is that borne by the Earl of Eglinton himself, in the fol- 
 lowing circular, addressed j 
 
 ; ' To the Inhabitants of Ayrshire and others, icho attended the 
 Tournament at Eglinton Castle. 
 
 " I take this opportunity of expressing my sense of the ex- 
 treme order and good conduct exhibited by the thousands assem- j 
 bled here at the late Tournament, and my gratitude for the uni- 
 versal kindness shown to me individually on that occasion. That j 
 I trusted to the good feelings of my fellow-countrymen, my \ 
 
 arrangements may have already shown ; but that my opinion has 
 been borne out by their conduct beyond even my expectations, I 
 feel proud in offering this public testimony. For the cordiality 
 with which my attempt to revive the amusements of past days, 
 has been met, and the kind feelings which have been expressed 
 towards me on all sides, and by all classes, I now offer my most 
 sincere and heartfelt thanks ; and when I hear evil disposed per- 
 sons endeavouring to sow contention between the richer and the 
 poorer classes, I will point to the occasion which has just passed, 
 for a refutation, and deny that contention can exist where all seem 
 actuated by one common feeling of kindness and of confidence. 
 
 " Eglinton. 11 
 
 SOME OF THE DRESSES WORN AT THE EGLINTON TOURNAMENT. 
 
 THE QUEEN OF BEAUTY, 
 
 LADY SEYMOUR. 
 
 Morning. — Saya of violet velvet, having armorial bearings in front, emblazoned in 
 silver on azure velvet ; jacquet of miniver, spotted with ermine; partelet of skyblue 
 satin, worked with silver ; mantle of rich crimson velvet, furred with miniver; gaunt- 
 lets embroidered and fretted with gold ; crown of silver, set with rich jewels. 
 
 Evening. — A superb antique brocade silk kirtle, raised with silver, gold, and various 
 colours; vest of white velvet, with demi-sleeves of silver tissue and damask wire; 
 stomacher of gold, set with precious stones ; skayne (or veil) of silver canvass, and 
 chaplet of flowers. 
 
 THE MARCHIONESS OF LONDONDERRY. 
 
 A superb heraldic dress of the most dazzling yet correct style : — there were the gold 
 gauntlets of Vanes on a blue field, quarterly, with the " ruddy lion" of the Stewarts ; 
 and ermine, and point lace, and magnificence tempered with good taste. The diamonds 
 and pearls on her head-dress alone would have purchased two or three German princi- 
 palities. 
 
 Second Day. — A rich dress, one half of French blue satin and the other of white 
 cerise velvet ; a jacket of cloth of gold, bordered and trimmed with sable, the front 
 ornamented with diamonds and turquoise. Head-dress of gold tissue, lined with 
 blue velvet and covered with diamonds and sapphires. 
 
 Evening. First Day. — An elegant dress of the early part of the fifteenth century ; 
 kirtle, with long sleeves nearly reaching the ground, one half of a costly brocaded 
 satin and the other of a cloth of silver ; vest, or bodice, half ermine and half of cloth 
 of silver, profusely ornamented with enormous diamonds ; in the white satin lining of 
 the sleeves, the family arms embroidered in gold and crimson silk. Head-dress of 
 diamonds and pearls. 
 
 COUNTESS OF DUNMORE. 
 
 A rich costume of the early part of the fifteenth century, consisting of a full robe 
 of black velvet, trimmed with ermine, and ornamented with gold, over a petticoat of 
 white satin, flowered and embroidered with gold. Head-dress, a caul of crimson velvet, 
 trimmed with gold tissue. 
 
 COUNTESS OF HOPETOUN. 
 
 Morning costume of the fifteenth century, composed of a dress of the richest black 
 velvet, superbly brocaded all over with large gold sprigs ; the jacquet of the same 
 costly material, lined with rich white satin, and edged round with a broad gold fringe ; 
 chemisette of goffered Indian muslin, and ornamented with carbuncles and brilliants ; 
 a black Indian cashmere, splendidly embroidered in gold. The Head-dresB, a most cor- 
 rect Holbeins cap, embroidered in gold, and ornamented with magnificent carbuncles 
 and diamonds, completed this handsome dress. 
 
 Evening dress of the same epoch. The materials plain black Genoa velvet, furred 
 with the richest ermine, and bordered with broad Brussels point lace ; the antique 
 stomacher, trimmed with brilliants ; the robe, trimmed down the front with a double 
 row of ermine and point lace, demi-train, long hanging sleeves lined with white satin, 
 and faced with ermine and pi,int lace. Head-dress, caul of silver tissue, the front 
 black velvet, profusely trimmed with brilliants ; necklace, combs, and ear-rings, also 
 of brilliants. 
 
 LADY GRAHAM, (of Netiierhv.) 
 
 Morning dress (of the time of Henry VII.) — A vest of blue velvet, confined 
 round the throat by a splendid gorget of jewels ; jacket of crimson velvet, trim- 
 med with sable, the hanging sleeves caught up by a badge of jewels, and showing the 
 under sleeves, of blue velvet wrought with gold ; the front of the jacket was united 
 by a bar of gold, closely studded with diamonds and mixed jewels. This was worn 
 over a party-coloured velvet skirt, the front being blue, on which was richly embroid- 
 ered in gold the family crest, " The Eagle's Wings." Her ladyship's mantle was of 
 crimson velvet, lined with white satin and trimmed with sable, and united across the 
 chest by a bar of mixed jewels. Head-dress, violet velvet cap of the date of Henry 
 VII., trimmed with gold, and confined round the head by a beautiful circlet of diamonds. 
 
 Second Morning. — The marriage dress of Anne Boleyn, in materials and jewellery 
 as splendid as the former dress ; but the splendour and beauty of the cap worn with it 
 had the greatest effect. 
 
 Evening.— Robe of green velvet, trimmed with ermine and jewels ; the front of the 
 corsage and round the bosom splendidly ornamented with jewels ; and hanging sleeves, 
 decorated to correspond, showed the under sleeves, of white satin, embroidered with 
 gold ; the petticoat of rich antique gold brocade, with splendid border. The effect of 
 this dress was greatly beautified by the large chain of pearls and jewels, which reached 
 from the waist to the border of the petticoat. Head-dress, cap, ornamented richly 
 with diamonds and pearls, and a beautiful gold veil with antique border. 
 
 Second Evening. — Rich white velvet jacket, trimmed with miniver ; hanging sleeves 
 to match, lined with cherry-coloured satin, confined by clasps of jewels, and showing 
 the under sleeves, of rich white and silver brocade ; the bosom and front of the jacket 
 covered with jewellery ; skirt of white and silver brocade, worn over cherry-coloured 
 satin, open at the sides to show the cherry colour, and confined at intervals by largo 
 clasps of jewels. Head-dress, veil of silver net, edged witli silver fringe, worn with a 
 circlet of diamonds. 
 
 LADY JANE HAMILTON. 
 
 A splendid dahlia satin dress, with superb ermine flounce, ornamented with rich 
 gold ; bodice, cord, and tassel to correspond. Head-dress of black velvet and rich 
 gold ; an Indian muslin veil, richly embroidered with gold. 
 
 COUNTESS OF LISTOWEL. 
 
 Morning. — A splendid black velvet dress and train embroidered with gold ; a rich 
 gold embroidered petticoat. 
 
 Evening. — Vest of black velvet, with a rich border of diamonds ; silver bodice, and 
 stomacher of diamonds ; kirtle of antique Venetian silk, brocaded with gold and silver ; 
 tiara of diamonds. 
 
 LADY MONTGOMERIE. 
 
 A riding costume of the fifteenth century, composed of a dress of royal blue velvet, 
 with hanging sleeves lined throughout with rich white satin, and trimmed with mat- 
 gold ; tight sleeves, body and under robe in gold damas. Head-dress of royal blue 
 velvet, ornamented with precious stones, and pendant veil embroidered in gold. Mantle 
 of red and blue velvet with arms embroidered : — quarterly, first and fourth azure, 
 three fleurs de lis, or second and third gules, a mulets or, each adorned with a gem 
 azure ; the whole within a bordurc or, charged with a tresstire flory counter flory gules. 
 
 £ 
 
18 
 
 THE EGLINTON TOURNAMENT. 
 
 An evening costume of the same epoque, composed of rich white satin, brocaded in 
 gold and coloured fleurs ; body elegantly trimmed with a gold guipure ; berthe with 
 long ends, long hanging sleeves, lopped up with cord and tassels in real gold, and tight 
 under sleeves. Head-dress of sky blue velvet, with a quarille of precious stones, edged 
 with gold fringe, with a rich Brussels veil, falling gracefully over the shoulders. Ano- 
 ther evening costume of rich cerise and white damas, dress trimmed round with old 
 point lace, headed by a bouffant, open in front, with an under-dress of white satin em- 
 broidered in cherry colour. Head-dress of guipure lace, tastefully adorned with cameos. 
 
 LADY FRANCES VANE. 
 
 Morning.— A robe, half of light-blue and the other of silver cloth of gold ; jacket, 
 half of dark-blue velvet and the other of gold cloth de Russe, trimmed with swan's 
 down. A black velvet hat, trimmed with turquoise and brilliants. 
 
 HON. MISS MACDONALD. j 
 
 t 
 
 Morning. — A neat kirtle of black velvet, with a jacket of the same material, trim- 
 med with white fur. Head-dress of black velvet and pearls. 
 Evening.. — A plain costume du bal of rich white satin. 
 
 LADY SARAH SAVILE. 
 
 Morning. — Rich crimson velvet jacquet, furred with ermine, with gold bodice and 
 stomacher of jewels, and kirtle of green velvet ; partelet of white lawn, embroidered 
 with gold ; coif of crimson velvet, studded with pearls. 
 
 Evening. — Pink satin " wastcote," embroidered with silver, with falling sleeves, 
 lined with silver tissue ; kirtle of white satin, curiously wrought with silver ; corse 
 worked with gold, and ornamented with jewels ; veil of silver net. 
 
 MRS CLAUDE ALEXANDER. 
 
 A morning costume of rich grenat velvet, body and sleeves trimmed with gold lace 
 and fringe ; the under-dress in rich satin, brocaded in gold ; a black velvet toque, or- 
 namented with pearls. Another morning dress of rich violet satin ; tablier in white 
 satin ; body, sleeves, and skirt lined with swan's down ; lace ruffles ; scarf embroidered 
 in gold. An evening costume of rich satin ; brocaded a la Pompadour ; body and 
 sleeves trimmed with point lace, resille in pearls. 
 
 MISS BUSHE. 
 
 Evening. — Green velvet jacquet, richly ornamented with gold ; bodice of gold set 
 with jewels ; gown of rich green and silver brocade, with kirtle of white and gold 
 satin ; chaplet of roses, and gold veil. 
 
 HON. LOUISA STUART. 
 
 A long dress of morone velvet, over a petticoat of blue satin, bordered at bottom j 
 
 with gold lace, the elbows and shoulders puffed with small bands of gold ; a massive ] 
 
 gold-linked chain round the waist for a girdle. Head-dress, a plain square of blue silk j 
 velvet, lined with black velvet, tastefully ornamented by diamonds. 
 
 MRS CAMPBELL. 
 
 A morning dress of crimson velvet a queue ; body, sleeves, and skirt ornamented j 
 with gold bouquets. Head-dress of gold lace and black velvet. Another morning 
 dress of brocaded damas, the under-dress in white satin ; body and sleeves trimmed j 
 with guipure lace ; toque of Indian muslin, embroidered in silver. Evening dress of ] 
 white satin ; trimmed body, sleeves, and skirt, with dark blue velvet, and silver chef; i 
 chaplet of bluets. 
 
 HON. OCT A VI A MACDONALD. 
 
 A riding costume of the fifteenth century, composed of rich black velvet ; a jacquet 
 of a particularly graceful form, of the same material, lined with white satin, and trim- 
 med round with ermine, tight sleeves ; a most becoming cap of black velvet and pearls, 
 in unison with the rest of this costume. 
 
 The evening dress, composed of rich white satin ; body, sleeves, and skirt trimmed 
 with black velvet, and ornamented with pearls and rich guipure lace. Head-dress, 
 chaplet of white roses and diamond ear-rings. 
 
 MRS MARGESSON. 
 
 A morning costume, dress a queue of rich rose divine velvet, hanging sleeves lined 
 with white satin; body, sleeves, and skirt richly hemmed with old point lace; under- 
 Jrcss of white satin embroidered in gold, with tight sleeves ornamented with gold but- 
 tons ; chemisette of goffered Indian muslin. Evening costume, of the same reign — a 
 rich grosseille velvet dress, tablier in white satin, embroidered in pearls ; body, sleeves, 
 and skirt trimmed with old point lace, and pearls ; cordeliere and ornaments to suit. 
 Head-dress of old point lace, elegantly decorated with gold fringe. 
 
 MISS MARGESSON. 
 
 A riding costume of the fifteenth century, composed of rich emerald velvet, with 
 hanging sleeves lined with white satin, fastened with gold buttons. Head-dress of white 
 velvet, embroidered in gold, with long veil embroidered in gold. Evening dress of rich 
 white satin, brocaded in gold en tablier, trimmed with several rows of wide gold fringe ; 
 hanging sleeves trimmed with gold fringe ; body, sleeves, and skirt trimmed with bouf- 
 fant India muslin, embroidered in gold. Head-dress of cerise velvet, ornamented with 
 gold fringe, and coronet of precious stones set in gold. 
 
 MISS UPTON. 
 
 As Beatrice of Ferrara, one of the Maids of Honour to the Queen of Beauty. A 
 robe of pink gros de Naples of the richest description, having full trimmings of the 
 same material ; with ample sleeves, half long, turned back with rich point lace ruffles 
 in the fashion of the day, with ancient jewelled armlets and bracelets. The whole 
 style of the dress in the costume of Henry IV. 
 
 A ball dress, in costume, of very rich white satin, with a silver and crepe tisse trim- 
 ming and silver tags ; berthe and ruffles of rich point lace ; stomacher covered with 
 silver. Head-dress, a golden fillet with jewels. 
 
 A beautiful ball dress of crepe tisse, over white satin, full trimmed with silver lace : 
 over this a tunic of crepe tisse, richly trimmed with silver. The head-dress a turban 
 embroidered in gold and imitation-coloured stones. This classical dress was in the 
 Greek costume. 
 
 A ball dress in the costume of St Louis ; a jacket of pale blue velvet, lined through 
 with white satin, close fitting at the waist, embroidered with a deep border of silver ; 
 blue velvet open sleeves, embroidered in silver, with under sleeves of white satin, hav- 
 ing deep double ruffles of ancient point lace ; an under-dress of rich white satin, with 
 a Gothic trimming. Head-dress a very 9mall blue velvet cap, embroidered in silver, 
 attached to the head with a silver arrow. 
 
 I 
 
 DUCHESS OF MONTROSE. 
 
 Morning Costume. — Dress of ruby velvet, having armorial bearings on left side em- 
 blazoned in gold on corn flower blue velvet ; jacket of black velvet trimmed with 
 miniver, with hanging sleeves faced with miniver ; long tight velvet sleeves ; upper 
 part of bodice ornamented with jewels ; mantle of corn flower blue velvet, trimmed 
 ■with miniver. Head-dress, a cap of blue velvet barred with gold, over which was 
 worn a coronet of stones set in gold. Gauntlets embroidered with gold. 
 
 Evening Costume. — Petticoat of rich cerise velvet, relieved by a breadth of silver 
 watered cloth, richly ornamented with precious stones ; jacket of silver cloth trimmed 
 Russian sable ; hanging sleeves, lined with cerise and turned up with sable facings ; 
 long tight sleeves of silver, fastened at the wrist with emeralds and diamonds. Head- 
 dress, a magnificent tiara of diamonds, with pendant veil of silver canvass. Gauntlets 
 embroidered with gold. 
 
 * 
 
 COUNTESS OF CHARLEVILLE. 
 
 Morning Costume. — Dress of crimson velvet, with armorial bearings on left side 
 | emblazoned in gold on blue velvet ; jacket of emerald-green velvet, trimmed with 
 | miniver, with hanging sleeves faced with miniver ; long tight velvet sleeves ; upper 
 ! part of bodice ornamented with precious stones ; mantle of emerald-green velvet, trim- 
 | med with miniver. Head-dress, a cap of green velvet barred with gold, and coronet of 
 j precious stones set in gold. Gauntlets embroidered with gold. 
 
 Evening costume. — Petticoat of rich silver brocade, relieved by breadth of skyblue 
 t satin, edged with cerise and festooned with bouquets of precious stones ; jacket of pon- 
 | ceau velvet, trimmed with miniver, blue bodice, and stomacher of jewels ; hanging 
 I sleeves faced with miniver, and long tight blue satin sleeves, embroidered with silver. 
 I Head-dress, a tiara of precious stones, with pendant veil of silver canvass. Gauntlets 
 | embroidered with silver. 
 
 Another evening costume of the reign of Henry VIII., composed of a manuve vel- 
 I vet surcoat, trimmed with gold lama, confined round the waist ; with scarf of green 
 I and gold ; under-dress of avanturine and white satin, trimmed with gold chef. Head- 
 | dress, a cap of green velvet, ornamented with jewels. 
 
 MRS GARDEN CAMPBELL. 
 
 Evening costume. — Ponceau velvet jacket, trimmed with gold bullion fringe, gold 
 bodice, and stomacher of jewels ; hanging sleeves of velvet, with long tight sleeves of 
 j gold brocade ; petticoat of rich silk brocade in colours, with gold-brocaded breadth, 
 trimmed with bullion fringe. Head-dress of ponceau velvet, trimmed with bullion 
 fringe, and pendant veil of gold canvass. 
 
 LADY BLANTYRE. 
 
 A black velvet dress (costume, Anne Boleyn) trimmed with pearls and cordeliere of 
 the same ; under-dress of white satin, bordered with swan's down, point lace tucker 
 and ruffles. Head-dress of black velvet, and pearls in unison with the costume. 
 
THE EGLINTON 
 
 HON. MISS STUART. 
 
 Dress in the costume of Louis XVI., composed of rich cerise brocades ; under-dress 
 of white satin, flounced with lace ; sleeves of white satin intermixed with cerise riband. 
 Head-dress, a bouquet of mixed flowers on the left side. 
 
 HON. MISS FANNY STUART. 
 
 The same. 
 
 MRS HUNTER BLAIR. 
 
 Morning. — A rich dress of the fifteenth century — Margaret of Anjou. 
 Evening. — A splendid Circassian costume. 
 
 MISS MALCOLM. 
 
 Evening costume. — Jacket of scarlet and gold brocade, trimmed with bullion fringe, 
 hanging sleeves of green and gold, Indian barbes ; long tight sleeves of white satin ; 
 stomacher of ditto, covered with enamels ; petticoat of white satin, trimmed with green 
 and gold barbes, edged with cerise velvet. Head-dress of cerise velvet, with white 
 aigrette and gold bows and fringe ends. 
 
 PRINCE NAPOLEON LOUIS. 
 
 Morning. — A highly polished steel cuirass, over a leather jacket, trimmed with crim- 
 son satin ; a steel vizored helmet, with a high plume of white feathers ; buckskin tights 
 and russet boots. 
 
 Evening. — A short cassock of dark green velvet, with shirt and sleeves of crimson 
 satin ; a sword-belt or girdle of gold confined the waist ; cap of crimson velvet, with 
 a yellow feather fastened by a jewelled aigrette, falling gracefully over the left side ; 
 buckskin tights, with high boots, turned over red, and bound with gold lace. 
 
 DUKE OF MONTROSE. 
 
 Evening. — A rich costume of the fifteenth century, of crimson velvet, sleeves lined 
 with white satin, and trimmed with gold fringe ; mantle of violet silk velvet, bordered 
 with sable fur. 
 
 MARQUIS OF ABERCORN. 
 
 Morning. — A beautiful Highland dress ; jacket of green velvet, mounted with chased 
 silver buttons ; tartan and philibeg of the Hamilton plaid, with " a gude clamore down 
 by his side.'" 
 
 MARQUIS OF DOUGLAS. 
 
 Morning and Evening. — A splendid Highland costume, richly mounted ; tartan, the 
 Royal Stuart. 
 
 VISCOUNT ALFORD, (KNIGHT.) 
 
 Evening. — A French blue silk velvet cassock, with long-pointed sleeves, reaching 
 below the knees, exquisitely braided and laced with silver ; a dark blue satin shirt, 
 confined at the neck by a silver band ; a cap of blue velvet, with a blue and white 
 feather clasped with a small aigrette of diamonds ; ankle boots,'extravagantly pointed 
 at the toes, embroidered with silver thread. 
 
 VISCOUNT CHELSEA. 
 
 Morning. — A cassock of white kerseymere, trimmed with blue velvet ; cap of the 
 same, with a white feather. 
 
 Evening. — -A tunic of emerald silk velvet, date the fifteenth century, coming up 
 close to the neck ; across his shoulders hung negligently a gold chain of great value, 
 the whole of the dress being bordered with a bullion lace ; cap of green velvet braided 
 with gold, and a crimson feather placed carelessly over the left side. 
 
 VISCOUNT FITZHARRIS. 
 
 Evening. — A green velvet tunic, with a broad collar, turned over with white satin, 
 and trimmed with fur ; flesh-coloured silk hose, with high shoes, beautifully braided. 
 Morning. — A plain Highland costume of mixed plaid. 
 
 VISCOUNT OSSULSTON. 
 
 Evening. — A costume of an early date, of scarlet velvet, bordered with ermine round 
 the bottom and arm holes ; sleeves and vest of gold tissue ; white silk hose, with white 
 kid ankle boots, braided with gold. 
 
 VICOMTE DE PERSIGNY. 
 
 Evening. — A dark blue cassock, open in front, and faced with white satin, with tight 
 sleeves of a gold-figured material ; cap of blue velvet, trimmed with gold braid ; hose 
 of flesh-coloured silk, with shoes of blue velvet, braided with gold. 
 
 TOURNAMENT. 19 
 
 VISCOUNT MAIDSTONE. 
 
 Morning and Evening. — A light-green fine cloth vest and tunic, trimmed with gold 
 lace, over which was a cuirass of black armour, with gorget elaborately embossed with 
 gold and silver ; shirt and sleeves of crimson satin, confined at the neck and wrists by 
 small bands of gold lace ; high boots, turned over with white squares ; helmet of same 
 embossed armour, with a full green and red feather. In the evening costume the cuirass 
 and helmet were displaced, and instead of boots the noble Viscount wore ankle boots. 
 
 LORD JOHN BERESFORD. 
 
 Evening. — Tunic of black silk velvet, collar turned over with white satin ; sleeves 
 and vest of silver tissue, with the crest of the Marquis of VVaterford embroidered in 
 coloured silks. 
 
 LORD GLENLYON, (KNIGHT.) 
 Evening. — A Highland dress, elegantly mounted ; plaid of tire Murrays. 
 
 LORD SEAHAM. 
 
 Morning. — A rich dress of white satin, trimmed with small bands of crimson velvet 
 and gold, covered by a mantle of scarlet velvet, trimmed with silver lace, and lined 
 with white sarcenet ; hose of crimson silk, and boots of blue kid, richly embroidered 
 with gold and coloured silk ; cap of black velvet, with a white feather. 
 
 LORD SEYMOUR. 
 
 Morning and evening. — A short doublet of hair-brown velvet, of the time of James 
 the First, confined at the waist by a broad black belt ; the front crossed by stripes of 
 blue gros de Naples ; across the shoulders a scarf of skyblue satin, tied in a knot on 
 the left hip ; high black boots, turned over with blue leather ; cap of brown velvet and 
 blue feathers. 
 
 HON. F. CRAVEN. 
 
 A scarlet tunic, trimmed with ermine, sleeves slashed with white satin, and orna- 
 mented with gold gymp lace ; tight silk pantaloons, with low boots, braided with gold. 
 
 HON. MR CUST. 
 
 Evening. — -A French blue velvet cassock, trimmed with silver gymp lace, the collar 
 turned over with white satin ; cap of blue velvet, slashed or puffed with white satin, 
 and ornamented with a blue and white feather, fastened by a jewelled clasp. 
 
 HON. CAPTAIN GAGE, (KNIGHT.) 
 
 Evening. — A costume de Com- of the time of Elizabeth, of a costly white cloth, 
 superbly trimmed with a narrow gold lace, covered by a mantle or small cloak of blue 
 silk velvet, lined with silk and braided with gold ; an antique gold chain hung round 
 the neck ; cap of blue velvet, with a party-coloured feather of white and red. 
 
 HON. JAMES MACDONALD. 
 Same costume as the Hon. F. Craven. 
 
 SIR HUGH CAMPBELL. 
 
 Evening. — A green velvet cassock, with long pointed sleeves, lined with white sar- 
 cenet, richly trimmed with gold ; a pouch of crimson velvet hanging from the sword- 
 belt, ornamented with gold braid ; cap of green velvet with a white ostrich feather, fas- 
 tened on the left side by a jewelled clasp. 
 
 SIR CHARLES LAMB, BART. 
 
 Evening. — A skyblue silk velvet doublet, with full trunks, the doublet and sleeves 
 slashed with white satin, and the bands braided with gold ; a belt of crimson velvet, 
 and scabbard covered with the same material, richly braided with gold ; tight flesh silk 
 hose, with blue kid ankle boots, ornamented with gold braid. 
 
 CAPTAIN BULKELEY. 
 
 A rich doublet of black silk velvet, slashed with crimson satin, edged with gold 
 lace ; cap of black velvet, puffed with crimson satin, and escalloped with the same, 
 with a crimson feather ; vest turned over with white satin, and plaited white satin shirt, 
 ornamented with gold braid ; ankle boots embroidered with gold. 
 
 MR LECHMERE, (KNIGHT.) 
 
 Evening. — A rich scarlet velvet tunic, with pointed sleeves, reaching within a short 
 distance of the knee, braided with gold trimming ; cap of scarlet velvet, with a red and 
 white feather ; a massive gold chain was suspended from his neck ; ankle boots of red 
 leather, braided with gold. 
 
THE EGLINTON TOURNAMENT. 
 
 20 
 
 CAPTAIN FAIRLIE, (KNIGHT.) 
 
 Evening (date of fifteenth century). — A magnificent cassock of crimson and blue 
 velvet, with vest and full trunks of the same, richly braided with gold ; a loose cloak 
 with largo sleeves, embroidered with gold ; cap of crimson velvet. 
 
 MR FREDERICK GRAHAM, (of Netherbv.) 
 
 The chosen Squire of the Queen of Beauty, attended her in a superb silk and velvet 
 costume, in which her colours were faithfully combined. 
 
 MR GARDEN CAMPBELL. 
 
 Evening. — A crimson velvet doublet, embroidered with silver, from which issued 
 sleeves of a costly material, of silver and various coloured silks, wrought into floral 
 figures ; cap of crimson velvet, slashed with white satin. 
 
 MR MARK WHITE. 
 
 Evening. — A black velvet cassock, with the collar turned over with white satin, with 
 a vest of silver tissue, sleeves slashed with white satin ; cap of black velvet, puffed 
 with white satin, having a white feather placed gracefully over the left side. The 
 whole dress trimmed with silver gymp lace. 
 
 ARMORIAL BEARINGS OF THE KNIGHTS. 
 
 THE LORD OF THE TOURNAMENT. 
 
 Earl of Eglinton. Bannei — Arms quarterly, first and fourth azure, three fleur de 
 lis or ; second and third, three annulets or, each adorned with a gem azure ; all with a 
 border or, fleurly gules. Crest, out of a ducal coronet, a wyvern proper. Motto, 
 " Garde bien." Take good care. 
 
 THE KNIGHT OF THE GRIFFIN. 
 
 George Augustus Edwardes, Earl of Craven, is descended of an ancient family in 
 Warwickshire. He was born in 1810, and succeeded his father, the first Earl, in 
 1825. The principal seat of the family is Coombe Abbey. Banner — Arms quarterly, 
 first and fourth, argent, a fesse gules, between three cross crosslets fitche, of the second, 
 second and third or, fleur de lis sable, a chief indented of the second. Crest, on a cap 
 of maintenance, gules, griffin statant ermine, beaked and membered or. Motto, " Vir- 
 tus in actione consistit." Virtue consists in action. 
 
 KNIGHT OF THE DRAGON. 
 
 Henry Beresford, Marquis of Waterford, of Curraghmorc House, Waterford, and 
 Ford Castle, Northumberland, was born in 1809, and succeeded bis father, the second 
 Marquis, in 1826. Bannei — Arms quarterly, first and fourth ar, crusilly, three fleur 
 de lis sa, two and three ar, a chief indented sa. Crest, a wyvern head, erased az, 
 pierced a tilting spear, part in his mouth, proper. Motto, " Nil nisi cruce." Nothing 
 without l/ie cross. 
 
 KNIGHT OF THE BLACK LION. 
 
 John Hume, Viscount Alford, is the eldest son of the Earl of Brownlow. He was 
 born in 1812. Seat Belton House, Lincoln. Banner — Arms quarterly, first and 
 fourth ermine, on a chevron sa, three fountains, two or, an escutcheon, between eight 
 martlets sa, three sa ; a fessc erm in chief, three crosses, fitclic ermine. Motto, " Opera 
 illius mea sunt." His tcorks are mine. ' 
 
 KNIGHT OF THE DOLPHIN. 
 
 Archibald Earl of Cassilis, grandson of the Marquis of Ailsa, was born in 1816, 
 and succeeded his father in 1032. Banner — Ar, a chevron gules, between three cross 
 crosslets sa, all viitbin a border of the second. Crest, a dolphin on its back, proper. 
 Motto, " Aviser la fin." Consider tlie end. 
 
 KNIGHT OF THE RAM. 
 
 The Hon. Captain Gage, is the eldest son of Viscount Gage of Castle-Island. He 
 was born in 1814. Chief residence, Firle Place, Sussex. Banner — Arms quarterly, 
 first and fourth, per saltier argent and azure, a saltier gules second and third ; azure, 
 the sun in splendid or. Crest, a ram passant argent, attired or. Motto, " Courage 
 sans peur." Courage without fear. 
 
 THE BLACK KNIGHT. 
 
 John Campbell, Esq., of Saddell, was to have personified the Black Knight, but not 
 being sufficiently recovered from the injury received while tilting at the Eyre Arms. 
 Walter Little Gilmour of Inch, near Edinburgh, took his place in the Tournament. 
 
 KNIGHT OF THE SWAN. 
 
 The Hon Henry Jcrningham, M.P., eldest son of Lord Stafford, was born in 1802. 
 He married in 1829, a daughter of Charles Edward Howard, Esq., and niece to the 
 Duke of Norfolk. Bannei — Arms quarterly, first and fourth, argent, three buckles 
 gules, second and third, or a chevron gules. Crest, out of a ducal coronet, per saltier, 
 gules and sables, a swan proper. Motto, " Virtus basis vita;." Virtue the basis of life. 
 
 KNIGHT OF THE GOLDEN LION. 
 
 Captain J. O. Eairlie, of Williamfield, son of W. M. Fairlie, Esq., late of Cal- 
 cutta. Banner — Lion rampant or. Motto, " Paratus sum." 
 
 KNIGHT OF THE WHITE ROSE. 
 
 Charles Lamb, Esq., eldest son of Sir Charles Lamb, Bart, of Beauport, and half- 
 brother of the Earl of Eglinton. Banner — Arms quarterly, first and fourth, or a fesse 
 az, fusily or, in chief, three fusils of the second presced of the field, surrounded by a 
 border az, bezanki, a canton gules thereon, a bend argent, charged with a baton ; second 
 and third, az, a fleur de lis or, between three crescents in chief, and three mulets in 
 base argent ; on an escutcheon of pretence, the arms of Eglinton. Crest, a camel's 
 head proper, bezanki erased gules. Motto, " Deo et Principe." 
 
 KNIGHT OF THE GAEL. 
 
 Lord Glenlyon, eldest son of James, Baron Glenlyon, and heir-presumptive to the 
 Dukedom of Atholl, was born in 1814. Bannei — Azure, three mulets ar, within a 
 border flory or. Crest, a demi-savage, proper, holding a sword in his dexter hand, and 
 a key in his sinister or. Motto, " Furth fortune, and fill the fetters." 
 
 KNIGHT OF THE BURNING TOWER. 
 
 Sir F. Hopkins, of Athboy, in the county of Meath. Banner — Arms sa, on a chev. 
 between three dexter gauntlets or, as many roses gul. seeded and barbed vert. Crest, 
 a tower ar, fired ppr. 
 
 KNIGHT OF THE ROSE OF LANCASTER. 
 
 R. Lechmerc, Esq. Bannei — Gules a fesse in chief ; two pelicans vulning them- 
 selves or. This Knight, we understand, assumed the badge of the Red Rose in right 
 of pure descent from the House of Lancaster, and the armorial bearings of his family 
 are among the earliest registered in the Herald's collection. Crest, a pelican prop, 
 vulning or, on a ducal coronet. Motto, " Ducit amor Patria?." 
 
 EDINBURGH I PRINTED BY H. PATON. 
 
UBRMY